FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Thal, AE Cook, JJ White, ED AF Thal, Alfred E., Jr. Cook, Jason J. White, Edward D., III TI Estimation of Cost Contingency for Air Force Construction Projects SO JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT-ASCE LA English DT Article DE Construction costs; Contingency; Construction management ID RISK AB Risk and associated cost overruns are critical problems for construction projects, yet the most common practice for dealing with them is the assignment of an arbitrary flat percentage of the construction budget as a contingency fund. Therefore, our goal was to identify significant variables that may influence, or serve as indicators of, potential cost overruns. We analyzed data from 203 Air Force construction projects over a full range of project types and scopes using multiple linear regression to develop a model to predict the amount of required contingency funds. The proposed model uses only data that would be available prior to the award of a construction contract. The variables in the model were categorized as project characteristics, design performance metrics, and contract award process influences. Based on the performance metric used, the model captures 44% of actual cost overruns versus the 20% captured by the current practice. Furthermore, application of the model reduces the average contingency budgeting error from 11.2 to only 0.3%. C1 [Thal, Alfred E., Jr.] USAF, Dept Syst & Engn Management, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Cook, Jason J.] Environm Branch, Colorado Springs, CO 80914 USA. [White, Edward D., III] USAF, Dept Math & Stat, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Thal, AE (reprint author), USAF, Dept Syst & Engn Management, Inst Technol, AFIT ENV Bldg 640, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 12 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9364 J9 J CONSTR ENG M ASCE JI J. Constr. Eng. Manage.-ASCE PD NOV PY 2010 VL 136 IS 11 BP 1181 EP 1188 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0000227 PG 8 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 667JJ UT WOS:000283188900003 ER PT J AU Clark, SM Beachkofsky, TM Wisco, OJ Hodson, DS AF Clark, Sarah M. Beachkofsky, Thomas M. Wisco, Oliver J. Hodson, Darryl S. TI Verrucous papule on thigh SO JOURNAL OF FAMILY PRACTICE LA English DT Editorial Material ID BASAL-CELL CARCINOMA; CUTANEOUS MELANOMA; ANGIOKERATOMAS; DERMOSCOPY; DIAGNOSIS; KERATOSIS; FEATURES; UPDATE C1 [Beachkofsky, Thomas M.; Wisco, Oliver J.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, MC, Dept AF, MDW Dermatol SG05D Dermatol 59, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Hodson, Darryl S.] Skin Surg Ctr, Winston Salem, NC USA. RP Beachkofsky, TM (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, MC, Dept AF, MDW Dermatol SG05D Dermatol 59, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM tbeachkofsky@yahoo.com NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DOWDEN HEALTH MEDIA PI MONTVALE PA 110 SUMMIT AVE, MONTVALE, NJ 07645-1712 USA SN 0094-3509 J9 J FAM PRACTICE JI J. Fam. Pract. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 59 IS 11 BP 645 EP 648 PG 4 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 797AY UT WOS:000293095800008 PM 21060903 ER PT J AU Shaw, CE Harper, CA Black, MW Houston, AE AF Shaw, Christopher E. Harper, Craig A. Black, Michael W. Houston, Allan E. TI Initial Effects of Prescribed Burning and Understory Fertilization on Browse Production in Closed-Canopy Hardwood Stands SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE fertilizer; fire; nutrient; Odocoileus virginianus; white-tailed deer AB Forage production for white-tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus is often limited in closed-canopy forests. We measured browse production and nutritional carrying capacity after prescribed burning and understory fertilization in closed-canopy hardwood stands one growing season after treatment in two physiographic regions of Tennessee. Nutritional carrying capacity estimates for prescribed burning, fertilization, and prescribed burning with fertilization were greater than in controls on the Cumberland Plateau. However, the cost per pound of forage produced after fertilization exceeded US$26. In the Coastal Plain, fertilization did not affect nutritional carrying capacity, and prescribed burning and prescribed burning with fertilization lowered nutritional carrying capacity from controls. At both sites, prescribed fire had minimal effect on soil pH or soil phosphate and potash levels. Our results suggest prescribed fire and fertilization are of limited utility for increasing browse production in closed-canopy hardwood forests. C1 [Shaw, Christopher E.; Harper, Craig A.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Black, Michael W.] Aerosp Testing Alliance Conservat, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. [Houston, Allan E.] Ames Plantat, Grand Junction, TN 38039 USA. RP Shaw, CE (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM cshaw2@utk.edu FU Department of Forestry, Wildlife, and Fisheries at the University of Tennessee; Hobart Ames Foundation; Sequatchie Forest and Wildlife; Quality Deer Management Association; Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency FX Funding and support for this study were provided by the Department of Forestry, Wildlife, and Fisheries at the University of Tennessee; Hobart Ames Foundation; Sequatchie Forest and Wildlife; Quality Deer Management Association; and Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency. Logistic support was provided by Benny Bowers, Carla Dilling, Jesus Gamboa, John Gruchy, Greg Julian, James McDonald, Larry Teague, and Shelton Whittington. We thank the Subject Editor and two anonymous reviewers, who helped improve the quality of this manuscript. NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 1 IS 2 BP 64 EP 72 DI 10.3996/102009-JFWM-016 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V26LH UT WOS:000208546600002 ER PT J AU Tombasco, J Axelrad, P Jah, M AF Tombasco, Jill Axelrad, Penina Jah, Moriba TI Specialized Coordinate Representation for Dynamic Modeling and Orbit Estimation of Geosynchronous Orbits SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article AB This study investigates dynamic modeling and orbit estimation of geosynchronous satellites using traditional and specialized orbit representations Exact nonlinear variational equations for generally perturbed synchronous elements are developed via Poisson brackets A hybrid element set is also introduced to avoid numerical sensitivities Numerical propagation studies evaluate the precision and accuracy of inertial Cartesian, Keplerian, synchronous, and hybrid element dynamic models The suitability of approximating the synchronous element equations of motion for small eccentricity and inclination values is assessed Results show that the hybrid and exact synchronous models are consistent for large and small time steps and are of comparable accuracy to the inertial Cartesian model The hybrid element model is further validated via an estimation analysis that processes multiple nights of experimental optical data of the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite 8 The results show that the hybrid elements are suitable for geosynchronous dynamic modeling and estimation C1 [Tombasco, Jill; Axelrad, Penina] Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Jah, Moriba] USAF, Res Lab, Adv Sci & Technol Res Inst Astrodynam, Directed Energy Directorate, Kihei, HI 96753 USA. RP Tombasco, J (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. OI Jah, Moriba/0000-0003-1109-0374 FU National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship FX The authors would like to thank the U S Air Force Maui Optical and Supercomputing Site for providing both data and technical support throughout this project This work was funded by the National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship This paper was cleared for public release by the U S Air Force Research Laboratory on 29 December 2009 (case number 377ABW 2009-1626) NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 33 IS 6 BP 1824 EP 1836 DI 10.2514/1.48903 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 684QE UT WOS:000284563600013 ER PT J AU Eick, A Ticehurst, J Tobler, S Nevin, R Lindler, L Hu, Z MacIntosh, V Jarman, RG Gibbons, RV Myint, KSA Gaydos, J AF Eick, Angelia Ticehurst, John Tobler, Steven Nevin, Remington Lindler, Luther Hu, Zheng MacIntosh, Victor Jarman, Richard G. Gibbons, Robert V. Myint, Khin Saw Aye Gaydos, Joel TI Hepatitis E Seroprevalence and Seroconversion among US Military Service Members Deployed to Afghanistan SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID E VIRUS-INFECTION; ENTERICALLY-TRANSMITTED HEPATITIS; UNITED-STATES; BLOOD-DONORS; TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS; KIDNEY-TRANSPLANT; OUTBREAK; DISEASE; PREVALENCE; PAKISTAN AB Background. Hepatitis E virus (HEV) has been recognized as a threat to military forces since its discovery. Although HEV seroprevalence in Afghanistan is not known, HEV infection is thought to be highly endemic in that country. This study determined the incidence of HEV seroconversion among United States (US) service members who were deployed to Afghanistan, as well as the prevalence of antibodies to HEV prior to the deployment. Methods. A random sample of 1500 subjects was selected from the cohort of service members who were deployed to Afghanistan between 2002 and 2006. Predeployment and postdeployment serum samples from these subjects were tested by enzyme immunoassay for total antibodies to HEV. Results. The seroprevalence of antibodies to HEV in US service members prior to deployment was 1.1%. The seroconversion rate among service members deployed to Afghanistan was 0.13%. Conclusions. Although subpopulations may be at higher risk for HEV exposure during deployment, the risk among US service members deployed to Afghanistan in this study was low. Previously implemented and current preventive measures in theater appear to have been adequate. With future deployments to new areas or changes in military operations in areas of risk, continued surveillance for HEV infection in the military will be warranted. C1 [Eick, Angelia; Tobler, Steven; Nevin, Remington; Lindler, Luther; Hu, Zheng; MacIntosh, Victor; Gaydos, Joel] USAF, Hlth Surveillance Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Ticehurst, John] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Natl Secur Technol Dept, Laurel, MD USA. [Ticehurst, John] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Ticehurst, John] Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Jarman, Richard G.; Gibbons, Robert V.; Myint, Khin Saw Aye] Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Virol, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. RP Eick, A (reprint author), USAF, Hlth Surveillance Ctr, 2900 Linden Ln,Ste 200, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM angie.eick@us.army.mil RI Ticehurst, John/I-7532-2012; Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013; OI Nevin, Remington/0000-0002-0534-1889 FU Department of Defense Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response [GM0072_07_CH] FX Department of Defense Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response (award GM0072_07_CH to A.E.). NR 50 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 202 IS 9 BP 1302 EP 1308 DI 10.1086/656598 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 656VB UT WOS:000282367900003 PM 20863230 ER PT J AU Ross, MD Boissonnault, WG AF Ross, Michael D. Boissonnault, William G. TI Red Flags: To Screen or Not to Screen? SO JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC & SPORTS PHYSICAL THERAPY LA English DT Editorial Material ID LOW-BACK-PAIN; PHYSICAL-THERAPY; DIFFERENTIAL-DIAGNOSIS; PRIMARY-CARE; PATIENT; DEPRESSION; CANCER; SPINE; TIME C1 [Ross, Michael D.] USAF, Phys Med Training Programs, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. [Boissonnault, William G.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Orthoped & Rehabil, Madison, WI USA. RP Ross, MD (reprint author), USAF, Phys Med Training Programs, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU J O S P T, PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1111 NORTH FAIRFAX ST, STE 100, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1436 USA SN 0190-6011 J9 J ORTHOP SPORT PHYS JI J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 40 IS 11 BP 682 EP 684 DI 10.2519/jospt.2010.0109 PG 3 WC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences GA 680OE UT WOS:000284243500001 PM 21037417 ER PT J AU Lin, KC Jackson, K Behdadnia, R Jackson, TA Ma, FH Yang, V AF Lin, Kuo-Cheng Jackson, Kevin Behdadnia, Robert Jackson, Thomas A. Ma, Fuhua Yang, Vigor TI Acoustic Characterization of an Ethylene-Fueled Scramjet Combustor with a Cavity Flameholder SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article ID OSCILLATIONS; DIFFUSER; SHOCK; FLOW AB Past experience with ramjet engines suggests that combustion instabilities and associated flow oscillations may also occur in scramjet engines, although the problem has not been recognized and explored yet. The present work investigated thermoacoustic instabilities inside an ethylene-fueled scramjet combustor with a recessed-cavity flameholder. Detailed characterization was made of flame oscillation and acoustic motion using high-speed photography and pressure measurements. The effects of fuel/air equivalence ratio, fueling scheme, and simulated flight conditions on the stability characteristics in the engine flowpath were examined systematically. In addition, an analytical analysis based on the acoustic and convective feedback loops among the precombustion shock, fuel injection, and distributed flame was established to help understand and correlate the observed oscillation phenomena. The oscillation frequencies fall in a range of 100-400 Hz, with the upper bound dictated by the shock flame coupling mechanism and the lower bound by the injector flame interaction. C1 [Lin, Kuo-Cheng] Taitech Inc, Beavercreek, OH 45430 USA. [Jackson, Kevin; Behdadnia, Robert] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RZAS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Ma, Fuhua] Penn State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Yang, Vigor] Penn State Univ, Dept Mech & Nucl Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Jackson, Thomas A.] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RZA, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lin, KC (reprint author), Taitech Inc, Beavercreek, OH 45430 USA. EM Kuo-Cheng.Lin@wpafb.af.mil; vigor.yang@aerospace.gatech.edu FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), Propulsion Directorate [F33615-03-D-2326] FX This work was sponsored by the. U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), Propulsion Directorate, under contract number F33615-03-D-2326 (Contract Monitor: Robert Behdadnia). Assistance from the air facility group of the AFRL is acknowledged. The authors would also like to thank Paul Kennedy (AFRL, Propulsion Directorate, Aerospace Propulsion Division), Matthew Streby and Steven Enneking (Taitech, Inc.) for their great assistance in rig operation, data acquisition, and hardware design and setup. NR 17 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 4 U2 12 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 26 IS 6 BP 1161 EP 1169 DI 10.2514/1.43338 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 689HM UT WOS:000284918700002 ER PT J AU Hsu, KY Carter, CD Gruber, MR Barhorst, T Smith, S AF Hsu, K. -Y. Carter, C. D. Gruber, M. R. Barhorst, T. Smith, S. TI Experimental Study of Cavity-Strut Combustion in Supersonic Flow SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article AB An experimental investigation of cavity-based flameholders with strut injectors in a supersonic flow is reported. In this ongoing research program, emphasis is placed on understanding cavity-based flameholders and providing alternative methods for improving overall combustor performance in scramjet engines. Three different struts with fuel injectors are mounted near the cavity leading edge to study flame propagation and ignition of fuel in the core flow region. Planar laser-induced fluorescence of the OH radical is used to identify the flame zone around the cavity and strut-wake regions over a range of conditions. Shadowgraphy is employed to capture the flow features around the strut and cavity. In-stream probing is conducted to characterize the flow features associated with the different strut configurations. Stagnation-temperature profiles are obtained for all struts operating under the same condition in the combusting-flow study. Two cavity fueling schemes are used to compare flameholder performance. Direct cavity air injection is found to improve combustion significantly. For each strut, upstream and downstream fueling schemes are compared over a range of conditions. Overall, successful combustion is observed in the strut-wake region using upstream strut-fueling schemes for the three struts employed in this study. C1 [Hsu, K. -Y.] Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. [Carter, C. D.; Gruber, M. R.; Barhorst, T.; Smith, S.] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RZAS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hsu, KY (reprint author), Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research; U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory Propulsion Directorate [F33615-03-D-2327]; Research Air Facility of the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory Propulsion Directorate FX This work was sponsored by the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research and the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory Propulsion Directorate under Contract F33615-03-D-2327. The authors would like to thank Robert Behdadnia for his support. The assistance of G. Streby, D. Schommer, and W. Terry and of B. Brantley in preparing and conducting experiments is also appreciated. The support of the Research Air Facility of the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory Propulsion Directorate is acknowledged. NR 11 TC 32 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 25 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 26 IS 6 BP 1237 EP 1246 DI 10.2514/1.45767 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 689HM UT WOS:000284918700009 ER PT J AU Heiser, WH AF Heiser, W. H. TI Ejector Thrust Augmentation SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article ID ENGINES C1 USAF Acad, USAFA, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Heiser, WH (reprint author), USAF Acad, USAFA, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. FU Department of Aeronautics (DFAN) of the U.S. Air Force Academy (USAF) FX The author is appreciative of the financial support provided to this project by the Department of Aeronautics (DFAN) of the U.S. Air Force Academy (USAF), for the productive climate created by DFAN and the Aeronautics Laboratory, and for the competent administrative support provided by the Digital Consultant Services, Inc. The author also wishes to thank Jack D. Mattingly and Walter M. Presz Jr. for the valuable support they provided during the course of this study and Benjamin D. Zumstein of the USAF for generating computations and figures. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 26 IS 6 BP 1325 EP 1330 DI 10.2514/1.50144 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 689HM UT WOS:000284918700020 ER PT J AU Phoenix, RD Engelmeier, RL AF Phoenix, Rodney D. Engelmeier, Robert L. TI LINGUALIZED OCCLUSION REVISITED SO JOURNAL OF PROSTHETIC DENTISTRY LA English DT Article ID PROSTHODONTICS; DENTURES AB Lingualized occlusion represents an established method for the development of functional and esthetic complete denture articulation Since its introduction, the lingualized technique has undergone many changes This article provides an overview of the history and development of lingualized occlusion, and addresses common misconceptions associated with the lingualized technique In addition, a practical method for the development of lingualized denture occlusion is presented (J Prosthet Dent 2010,104 342-346) C1 [Engelmeier, Robert L.] Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Dent Med, Dept Prosthodont, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. [Phoenix, Rodney D.] USAF, Dent Clin, Ramstein Air Base, Germany. RP Engelmeier, RL (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Dent Med, Dept Prosthodont, Salk Hall,Room 2025,3501 Terrace St, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3913 J9 J PROSTHET DENT JI J. Prosthet. Dent. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 104 IS 5 BP 342 EP 346 PG 5 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 683DC UT WOS:000284450900010 PM 20970541 ER PT J AU Babuska, V Coombs, DM Goodding, JC Ardelean, EV Robertson, LM Lane, SA AF Babuska, Vit Coombs, Douglas M. Goodding, James C. Ardelean, Emil V. Robertson, Lawrence M. Lane, Steven A. TI Modeling and Experimental Validation of Space Structures with Wiring Harnesses SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article AB Power- and data-handling cables, which can account for up to 30% of a satellite's dry mass, couple with the spacecraft structure and impact dynamic response. Structural dynamic measurements suggest that a more complete representation of cable effects is needed to improve model predictive accuracy. To that end, a study was performed to characterize cable harness impacts on dynamic response. From this study, a finite element modeling method supported by empirically determined cable properties and structural behavior was developed. The modeling method was validated with a considerable amount of model simulation and experimental data for a variety of cables attached to a free free beam. At low frequencies, the cable effect was dominated by mass and stiffness, changing the apparent stiffness; damping was a secondary effect. At higher frequencies, where the cables themselves were resonant, the cable effect was dissipative, increasing the apparent damping in addition to affecting the overall frequency response. Tiedown stiffness was found to be an important, but difficult to measure, parameter. Finite element models of a cabled beam were shown to be valid for all cable families studied. As a result, the finite element modeling method itself was validated. C1 [Coombs, Douglas M.; Goodding, James C.] CSA Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. [Ardelean, Emil V.] Schafer Corp, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Robertson, Lawrence M.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Dynam & Controls Program, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX The authors would like to acknowledge the support of the U. S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research. The authors are grateful for the contributions made by Greg Mehle and J. Cody Griffee during the research effort. The authors are also indebted to our colleagues with The Aerospace Corporation for their technical reviews of this research. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the U. S. Department of Energy, under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 18 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 7 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 47 IS 6 BP 1038 EP 1052 DI 10.2514/1.48078 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 699KN UT WOS:000285662400022 ER PT J AU Iyer, N Brungart, DS Simpson, BD AF Iyer, Nandini Brungart, Douglas S. Simpson, Brian D. TI Effects of target-masker contextual similarity on the multimasker penalty in a three-talker diotic listening task SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID 2 SIMULTANEOUS TALKERS; INFORMATIONAL MASKING; SPEECH RECOGNITION; MULTIPLE; IDENTIFICATION; PERCEPTION; HEARING; BABBLE AB In many multitalker listening tasks, the degradation in performance that occurs when the number of interfering talkers increases from one to two is much larger than would be predicted from the corresponding decrease in the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this experiment, a variety of contextually-relevant speech maskers, contextually-irrelevant speech maskers and non-speech maskers were used to examine the impact that the characteristics of the interfering sound sources have on the magnitude of this "multimasker penalty." The results show that a significant multimasker penalty only occurred in cases where two specific conditions were met: 1) the stimulus contained at least one contextually-relevant masker that could be confused with the target; and 2) the signal-to-noise ratio of the target relative to the combined masker stimulus was less than 0 dB. Remarkably, in cases where one masker was contextually relevant, the specific characteristics of the second masker had virtually no impact on the size of the multimasker penalty. Indeed, when the results were corrected for random guessing, there was essentially no difference in performance between conditions with three contextually-relevant talkers and those with two contextually-relevant talkers and one irrelevant talker. The results of a second experiment suggest that the listeners are generally able to hear keywords spoken by all three talkers even in situations where the multimasker penalty occurs, implying that the primary cause of the penalty is a degradation in the listener's ability to use prosodic cues and voice characteristics to link together words spoken at different points in the target phrase. (C) 2010 Acoustical Society of America. [DOI: 10.1121/1.3479547] C1 [Iyer, Nandini; Brungart, Douglas S.; Simpson, Brian D.] USAF, Battlespace Acoust Branch, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Iyer, N (reprint author), USAF, Battlespace Acoust Branch, Res Lab, 2610 7th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM nandini.Iyer@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) FX This research was funded by a grant to the authors from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR). NR 22 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 11 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 128 IS 5 BP 2998 EP 3010 DI 10.1121/1.3479547 PG 13 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 685GT UT WOS:000284617900069 PM 21110595 ER PT J AU Tyler, JA Clive, KS White, CE Beekley, AC Blackbourne, LH AF Tyler, Joshua A. Clive, Kevin S. White, Christopher E. Beekley, Alec C. Blackbourne, Lorne H. TI Current US Military Operations and Implications for Military Surgical Training SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF SURGEONS LA English DT Article ID MANAGEMENT COURSE; ENDURING-FREEDOM; IRAQI-FREEDOM; AFGHANISTAN; DEATH; WAR AB BACKGROUND: Since 2001, US military surgeons have deployed frequently, with many surgeons deploying within 1 year of graduating residency. The purpose of this study was to evaluate readiness of recent graduates to manage combat-related injuries and to make recommendations for improvements in training military surgeons. STUDY DESIGN: We reviewed casualties treated at the 31(st) Combat Support Hospital in Baghdad from December 2003 to November 2004. We identified 3,426 wounded patients; of these, 2,648 (77.3%) required an operative procedure. There were 2,788 patients (81.4%) who sustained penetrating injuries. The most common procedures performed were debridement of wounds (39%), skeletal fixation (14.7%), and exploratory laparotomy (11.4%). Common procedures were compared with 15 case logs from the ACGME database for our institution from 2005 to 2009. RESULTS: Graduating residents averaged 973 cases during residency (range 867 to 1,293, median 921). This included experience with most procedures encountered except nephrectomy (1.5 procedures per resident [PPR]), craniotomy (1.1 PPRs), inferior vena cava injury (1.1 PPRs), bladder repair (0.87 PPR), and duodenal injury (0.6 PPR). Residents had minimal experience with skeletal fixation and external genital trauma. CONCLUSIONS: Recent surgical residency graduates are prepared for deployment in support of US military operations for the majority of injuries encountered. However, familiarization with procedures that fall outside the traditional general surgical curriculum would improve their ability to treat these injuries. To enhance experience with rare injuries, cadaver studies and animal models may serve as training tools before deployment. (J Am Coll Surg 2010;211:658-662. (C) 2010 by the American College of Surgeons) C1 [Tyler, Joshua A.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Gen Surg, USAF, MC, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [White, Christopher E.; Blackbourne, Lorne H.] USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Beekley, Alec C.] Madigan Army Med Ctr, Dept Gen Surg, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. RP Tyler, JA (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Gen Surg, USAF, MC, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr MCHE SDG, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM Josh.Tyler@amedd.army.mil NR 18 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1072-7515 J9 J AM COLL SURGEONS JI J. Am. Coll. Surg. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 211 IS 5 BP 658 EP 662 DI 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2010.07.009 PG 5 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 681FS UT WOS:000284297400012 PM 20869271 ER PT J AU Hancock, CH Rasmussen, TE Walker, AJ Rich, NM AF Hancock, Captain Heather Rasmussen, Todd E. Walker, Alasdair J. Rich, Norman M. TI History of temporary intravascular shunts in the management of vascular injury SO JOURNAL OF VASCULAR SURGERY LA English DT Article ID HEPARIN C1 [Hancock, Captain Heather; Rasmussen, Todd E.; Rich, Norman M.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Rasmussen, Todd E.] AF Theater Hosp, Expeditionary Med Grp 455, Bagram Air Field, Afghanistan. [Walker, Alasdair J.] Royal Ctr Def Med, Joint Med Command, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. RP Rasmussen, TE (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Div Surg, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM todd.rasmussen@us.af.mil NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0741-5214 J9 J VASC SURG JI J. Vasc. Surg. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 52 IS 5 BP 1405 EP 1409 DI 10.1016/j.jvs.2010.04.060 PG 5 WC Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Surgery; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 679SI UT WOS:000284180700044 ER PT J AU Raymond, RW McHugh, CP Kerr, SF AF Raymond, Russell W. McHugh, Chad P. Kerr, Sara F. TI Sand flies of Nicaragua: a checklist and reports of new collections SO MEMORIAS DO INSTITUTO OSWALDO CRUZ LA English DT Article DE Lutzomyia; Nicaragua; species checklist; Leishmania; Lutzomyia durani ID HUMAN CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS; EXPERIMENTAL TRANSMISSION; VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS; LUTZOMYIA CRUCIATA; CAUSATIVE AGENT; PSYCHODIDAE; SANDFLIES; CHAGASI; DIPTERA; MEXICO AB Sand flies within the genus Lutzomyia serve as the vectors for all species of the protozoan parasite Leishmania in the New World. In this paper, we present a summary of the 29 species of Lutzomyia and one of Brumptomyia previously reported for Nicaragua and report results of our recent collections of 565 sand flies at eight localities in the country from 2001-2006. Lutzomyia longipalpis was the predominant species collected within the Pacific plains region of western Nicaragua, while Lutzomyia cruciata or Lutzomyia barrettoi majuscula were the species most frequently collected in the central highlands and Atlantic plains regions. The collection of Lutzomyia durani (Vargas & Najera) at San Jacinto in July 2001 is a new record for Nicaragua. Leishmaniasis is endemic to Nicaragua and occurs in three forms: cutaneous, mucocutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis. Cutaneous infections are the most prevalent type of leishmaniasis in Nicaragua and they occur in two different clinical manifestations, typical cutaneous leishmaniasis and atypical cutaneous leishmaniasis, depending on the species of the infecting Leishmania parasite. The distribution of sand flies collected during this study in relation to the geographic distribution of clinical forms of leishmaniasis in the country is also discussed. C1 [Raymond, Russell W.; Kerr, Sara F.] Univ Incarnate Word, Dept Biol, San Antonio, TX USA. [McHugh, Chad P.] USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Brooks City Base, TX USA. RP Raymond, RW (reprint author), Univ Incarnate Word, Dept Biol, San Antonio, TX USA. EM raymond@uiwtx.edu FU NIH [GM 55337-07] FX NIH (GM 55337-07) NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FUNDACO OSWALDO CRUZ PI RIO DE JANEIRO, RJ PA AV BRASIL 4365, 21045-900 RIO DE JANEIRO, RJ, BRAZIL SN 0074-0276 J9 MEM I OSWALDO CRUZ JI Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz PD NOV PY 2010 VL 105 IS 7 BP 889 EP 894 PG 6 WC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 687LB UT WOS:000284778900008 PM 21120358 ER PT J AU Morris, BF Vandewalle, KS Hensley, DM Bartoloni, JA AF Morris, Barry F. Vandewalle, Kraig S. Hensley, Donna M. Bartoloni, Joseph A. TI Comparison of In-Office Dental Unit Waterline Test Kits SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID LEGIONELLA-PNEUMOPHILA; CONTAMINATION; SYSTEMS; BIOFILMS; PREVALENCE; INFECTION AB The authors conducted a study to determine the validity of two commercially available in-office dental unit waterline test kits compared to the gold standard, R2A agar. Samples were collected from the air/water syringes of dental units and cultured on HPC Samplers, Petrifilm AC Plates, and R2A agar plates. HPC Samplers and R2A agar plates were incubated for 7 days and counted manually using magnification. Petrifilm AC Plates were counted after incubation time of 5 and 7 days using an electronic-plate reader. Validity measurements were calculated using a cutoff value 500 colony-forming units per milliliter. The accuracy for the HPC Sampler compared to R2A agar was 71%. The accuracy for the Petrifilm AC Plates at 5 and 7 days was 79% and 87% compared to R2A agar. The Petrifilm AC Plate (7-day incubation) demonstrated higher sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and accuracy than the HPC Sampler kit. C1 [Morris, Barry F.; Vandewalle, Kraig S.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dunn Dent Clin, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Hensley, Donna M.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Div Clin Res, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Bartoloni, Joseph A.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Sch Dent, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. RP Morris, BF (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dunn Dent Clin, 1615 Truemper St, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. FU U.S. Air Force FX This work was funded by the U.S. Air Force. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 175 IS 11 BP 901 EP 906 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 679TK UT WOS:000284183500016 PM 21121503 ER PT J AU Cui, Y Kim, SN Jones, SE Wissler, LL Naik, RR McAlpine, MC AF Cui, Yue Kim, Sang N. Jones, Sharon E. Wissler, Laurie L. Naik, Rajesh R. McAlpine, Michael C. TI Chemical Functionalization of Graphene Enabled by Phage Displayed Peptides SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Graphene nanostrips; phage displayed peptides; biomimetic sensors; hybrid materials ID CARBON NANOTUBES; BINDING-SPECIFICITY; RECOGNITION; TRANSISTORS; SENSORS; NANOPARTICLES; NANORIBBONS; MOLECULES; SURFACES; AFFINITY AB The development of a general approach for the nondestructive chemical and biological functionalization of graphene could expand opportunities for graphene in both fundamental studies and a variety of device platforms. Graphene is a delicate single-layer. two-dimensional network of carbon atoms whose properties can be affected by covalent modification. One method for functionalizing materials without fundamentally changing their inherent. structure is using biorecognition moieties. In particular, oligopeptides are molecules containing a broad chemical diversity that can be achieved within a relatively compact size. Phage display is a dominant method for identifying peptides that possess enhanced selectivity toward a particular target. Here, we demonstrate a powerful yet, benign approach for chemical functionalization of graphene via comprehensively screened phage displayed peptides. Our results show that graphene can be selectively recognized even in nanometer-defined strips. Further, modification of graphene with bifunctional peptides reveals both the ability to impart selective recognition of gold nanoparticles and the development of an ultrasensitive graphene-based TNT sensor. We anticipate that these results could open exciting opportunities in the use of graphene in fundamental biochemical recognition studies, as well as applications ranging from sensors to energy storage devices. C1 [Kim, Sang N.; Jones, Sharon E.; Wissler, Laurie L.; Naik, Rajesh R.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Cui, Yue; McAlpine, Michael C.] Princeton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Naik, RR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Rajesh.Naik@WPAFB.AF.MIL; mcm@princeton.edu FU NSF MRSEC, Princeton Center for Complex Materials [DMR-0819860]; National Research Council; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-09-1-0096]; Materials and Manufacturing Directorate (AFRL/RX) FX We acknowledge the use of the PRISM Imaging and Analysis Center, which is supported by the NSF MRSEC Program via the Princeton Center for Complex Materials (No. DMR-0819860). S.N.K. acknowledges support via a National Research Council Research Associateship Award. R.R.N. acknowledges support of this work by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and the Materials and Manufacturing Directorate (AFRL/RX). M.C.M. acknowledges support of this work by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research via a Young Investigator Grant (No. FA9550-09-1-0096) and as a fellow of the American Asthma Foundation (No. 09-0038). The authors thank Dr. Slocik at AFRL for the preparation and reduction of gold nanoparticles. NR 50 TC 103 Z9 106 U1 10 U2 132 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 10 IS 11 BP 4559 EP 4565 DI 10.1021/nl102564d PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 676JQ UT WOS:000283907600045 PM 20942387 ER PT J AU Zhang, MH Hong, Y Ding, SJ Hu, JJ Fan, YX Voevodin, AA Su, M AF Zhang, Minghui Hong, Yan Ding, Shujiang Hu, Jianjun Fan, Yunxiao Voevodin, Andrey A. Su, Ming TI Encapsulated nano-heat-sinks for thermal management of heterogeneous chemical reactions SO NANOSCALE LA English DT Article ID PHASE-CHANGE MATERIALS; PACKED-BED REACTOR; METHANOL OXIDATION; CATALYTIC REACTOR; BATCH REACTORS; RUNAWAY; TEMPERATURE; DECOMPOSITION; PARTICLES; TRANSPORT AB This paper describes a new way to control temperatures of heterogeneous exothermic reactions such as heterogeneous catalytic reaction and polymerization by using encapsulated nanoparticles of phase change materials as thermally functional additives. Silica-encapsulated indium nanoparticles and silica encapsulated paraffin nanoparticles are used to absorb heat released in catalytic reaction and to mitigate gel effect of polymerization, respectively. The local hot spots that are induced by non-homogenous catalyst packing, reactant concentration fluctuation, and abrupt change of polymerization rate lead to solid to liquid phase change of nanoparticle cores so as to avoid thermal runaway by converting energies from exothermic reactions to latent heat of fusion. By quenching local hot spots at initial stage, reaction rates do not rise significantly because the thermal energy produced in reaction is isothermally removed. Nanoparticles of phase change materials will open a new dimension for thermal management of exothermic reactions to quench local hot spots, prevent thermal runaway of reaction, and change product distribution. C1 [Zhang, Minghui; Hong, Yan; Ding, Shujiang; Su, Ming] Univ Cent Florida, NanoSci Technol Ctr, Dept Mech Mat & Aerosp Engn, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. [Zhang, Minghui] Nankai Univ, Coll Chem, Key Lab Adv Energy Mat Chem MOE, Inst New Catalyt Mat Sci, Tianjin 300071, Peoples R China. [Hu, Jianjun; Voevodin, Andrey A.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Fan, Yunxiao] China Univ Geosci, Sch Engn & Technol, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. RP Su, M (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, NanoSci Technol Ctr, Dept Mech Mat & Aerosp Engn, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. EM mingsu@mail.ucf.edu RI Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013; Ding, Shujiang/G-5025-2011; Su, Ming/F-4001-2014 OI Ding, Shujiang/0000-0002-5683-0973; FU National Science Foundations [CTET 0828466]; Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) FX This work is supported by National Science Foundations (CTET 0828466) and Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL). Some of characterizations are done at Materials Characterization Facilities (MCF) at the University of Central Florida (UCF). NR 34 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 50 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2040-3364 J9 NANOSCALE JI Nanoscale PD NOV PY 2010 VL 2 IS 12 BP 2790 EP 2797 DI 10.1039/c0nr00585a PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 705UY UT WOS:000286167400044 PM 20967399 ER PT J AU Sulham, CV Perram, GP Wilkinson, MP Hostutler, DA AF Sulham, Clifford V. Perram, Glen P. Wilkinson, Michael P. Hostutler, David A. TI A pulsed, optically-pumped rubidium laser at high pump intensity SO OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Diode Pumped Alkali Laser; Efficiency; Threshold; Bleaching ID POTASSIUM LASER; VAPOR LASER; CESIUM; POWER; GAS AB A rubidium laser operating at 795 nm is optically pumped by a pulsed titanium sapphire laser to investigate the dynamics of Diode Pumped Alkali Lasers (DPALs). Linear scaling of output intensity for longitudinal excitation at intensities of 1.3-43 kW/cm(2) and as much as 32 times threshold is observed. The slope efficiency depends directly on the number of absorbed photons for alkali concentrations of 0.8-2.0 x 10(13) atoms/cm(3) with no evidence for second order kinetics. The effective absorption cross section is reduced in part by the broad spectral width of the pump source relative to the pressure broadened lineshape. Spin orbit relaxation between the pumped and upper laser levels is sufficiently fast at 550 Torr of methane to prevent bottlenecking at all but the highest intensities. Comparison of laser characteristics with a quasi-two level analytic model suggests performance near the ideal steady-state limit, with the exception of modest mode matching. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Sulham, Clifford V.; Perram, Glen P.] USAF, Dept Engn Phys, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Wilkinson, Michael P.; Hostutler, David A.] USAF, Directed Energy Directorate, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Perram, GP (reprint author), USAF, Dept Engn Phys, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM glen.perram@afit.edu OI Perram, Glen/0000-0002-4417-3929 FU High Energy Laser Joint Technology Office; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX This work was funded by the High Energy Laser Joint Technology Office and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 20 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0030-4018 J9 OPT COMMUN JI Opt. Commun. PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 283 IS 21 BP 4328 EP 4332 DI 10.1016/j.optcom.2010.06.038 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 653TF UT WOS:000282119000032 ER PT J AU Hyde, MW Schmidt, JD Havrilla, MJ Cain, SC AF Hyde, Milo W. Schmidt, Jason D. Havrilla, Michael J. Cain, Stephen C. TI Enhanced material classification using turbulence-degraded polarimetric imagery SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SURFACES AB An enhanced material-classification algorithm using turbulence-degraded polarimetric imagery is presented. The proposed technique improves upon an existing dielectric/metal material-classification algorithm by providing a more detailed object classification. This is accomplished by redesigning the degree-of-linear-polarization priors in the blind-deconvolution algorithm to include two subclasses of metals-an aluminum group classification (includes aluminum, copper, gold, and silver) and an iron group classification (includes iron, titanium, nickel, and chromium). This new classification provides functional information about the object that is not provided by existing dielectric/metal material classifiers. A discussion of the design of these new degree-of-linear-polarization priors is provided. Experimental results of two painted metal samples are also provided to verify the algorithm's accuracy. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Hyde, Milo W.; Schmidt, Jason D.; Havrilla, Michael J.; Cain, Stephen C.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hyde, MW (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM milo.hyde@afit.edu NR 8 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 35 IS 21 BP 3601 EP 3603 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 673IW UT WOS:000283653900022 PM 21042363 ER PT J AU Aaron, MT Applegate, RA Porter, J Thibos, LN Schallhorn, SC Brunstetter, TJ Tanzer, DJ AF Aaron, Michelle T. Applegate, Raymond A. Porter, Jason Thibos, Larry N. Schallhorn, Steve C. Brunstetter, Tyson J. Tanzer, David J. TI Why Preoperative Acuity Predicts Postoperative Acuity in Wavefront-Guided LASIK SO OPTOMETRY AND VISION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE LASIK; preoperative acuity; regression to the mean ID VISUAL-ACUITY; REGRESSION AB Purpose. To critically evaluate the following clinical wisdom regarding custom (wavefront-guided) laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) that subjects with better-than-average best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) before surgery have a greater risk of losing BCVA postoperatively than do subjects with worse-than-average BCVA before surgery. Methods. High contrast BCVA was measured once before and 3 months after custom LASIK in one eye of 79 subjects. Preoperative spherical equivalent refractive error ranged between -1.00 and -10.38 D. The sample was divided into one of two subsamples: eyes that had better-than-average preoperative BCVA (<-0.11 logMAR) and eyes that had average or worse-than-average preoperative BCVA (>=-0.11 logMAR). Controls were implemented for retinal magnification and for the statistical phenomenon of regression to the mean of the preoperative acuity measurement. Results. On average, for the entire sample, moving the correction from the spectacle plane to the corneal plane increased letter acuity 4.7% (1 letter, 0.02 logMAR). For each subsample, the percentage regression to the mean was 57.24%. After correcting for magnification effects and regression to the mean, eyes with better-than-average preoperative acuity had a small but significant gain in acuity (similar to 1 letter, p = 0.040) that was nearly identical to the gain for eyes with worse-than-average preoperative acuity (similar to 1.5 letters, p = 0.002). Conclusions. Custom LASIK produced a statistically significant gain in visual acuity after correction for magnification effects. Dividing the sample into two subsamples based on preoperative acuity confirmed the common clinical observation that eyes with better-than-average acuity tend to remain the same or lose acuity, whereas eyes with worse-than-average acuity tend to gain acuity. However, when only one acuity measurement is taken at a single time point and the sample is subsampled nonrandomly, this clinical observation is due to a statistical artifact (regression to the mean) and is not attributable to the surgery. (Optom Vis Sci 2010;87:861-866) C1 [Aaron, Michelle T.] USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, San Antonio, TX USA. [Applegate, Raymond A.; Porter, Jason] Univ Houston, Coll Optometry, Visual Opt Inst, Houston, TX 77004 USA. [Thibos, Larry N.] Indiana Univ, Sch Optometry, Bloomington, IN USA. [Schallhorn, Steve C.] Opt Express, San Diego, CA USA. [Brunstetter, Tyson J.; Tanzer, David J.] USN, Navy Refract Surg Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. RP Aaron, MT (reprint author), USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, 2507 Kennedy Circle, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. EM michkoe7@yahoo.com FU National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD [R01 EY08520, R01 EY019105]; University of Houston, College of Optometry Core [P30 EY07551]; Borish Endowment FX We thank the members of the Navy and Marine Corps and their families who volunteered to participate in our research. We also thank Dr. Harold Bedell for statistical advice and reading/commenting on the manuscript, and Dr. Ying Sheng Hu for confirming the regression to the mean calculations. This work was supported by the United States Air Force, Air Force Institute of Technology Scholarship (to MTA). This work was also supported by grants from the National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD (R01 EY08520 and R01 EY019105; to RAA), University of Houston, College of Optometry Core grant P30 EY07551, and the Borish Endowment funding for the Chair of Optometry (to RAA). NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1040-5488 J9 OPTOMETRY VISION SCI JI Optom. Vis. Sci. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 87 IS 11 BP 861 EP 866 DI 10.1097/OPX.0b013e3181f6fb49 PG 6 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 674KQ UT WOS:000283741800009 PM 20871471 ER PT J AU Pergolizzi, J Pappagallo, M Stauffer, J Gharibo, C Fortner, N de Jesus, MN Brennan, MJ Richmond, C Hussey, D AF Pergolizzi, Joseph Pappagallo, Macro Stauffer, Joseph Gharibo, Christopher Fortner, Neil de Jesus, Mathew N. Brennan, Michael J. Richmond, Charlotte Hussey, Desmond CA IDCSG TI The Role of Urine Drug Testing for Patients on Opioid Therapy SO PAIN PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE opioids; analgesics; opioid; narcotics; opioid analgesics; pain; pain clinics; urine drug testing; opioid therapy; opioid misuse ID CHRONIC PAIN PATIENTS; PRIMARY-CARE SAMPLE; SUBSTANCE USE; MORPHINE-METABOLISM; ANALGESIC THERAPY; TOXICOLOGY; ABUSE; HYDROMORPHONE; PREVALENCE; DEPENDENCE AB Opioid analgesics must be prescribed with discernment and their appropriate use should be periodically assessed. Urine drug testing, although not designed specifically for this role, is a widely available and familiar method for monitoring opioid use in chronic pain patients. Urine drug testing can help track patient compliance and expose possible drug misuse and abuse. We sought to evaluate current attitudes and practices regarding the use of urine drug testing among chronic pain patients taking opioids. To the best of our knowledge, this is one of the first such attempts in the literature to examine and document the practice patterns of urine drug testing in this context. A total of 99 attendees at the American Congress of Pain Medicine were surveyed in 2008 about their urine testing practices for patients on opioid therapy. Surprisingly, more urine testing was motivated by a desire to detect undisclosed substances than to evaluate appropriate opioid use. Some respondents never urine-tested their opioid patients, and about two-thirds of respondents had no formal training in urine testing of patients on opioid therapy. The literature does not thoroughly address the role of urine drug testing in this patient population. Most respondents did random rather than scheduled testing; few had any urine testing protocol. The study found motivations for urine testing and testing practices varied widely, and urine testing, despite its clinical utility, is not used consistently. C1 [Pergolizzi, Joseph; Stauffer, Joseph] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD USA. [Pergolizzi, Joseph; Stauffer, Joseph; de Jesus, Mathew N.] Georgetown Univ, Dept Anesthesiol, Washington, DC USA. [Pappagallo, Macro] Mt Sinai Hosp, Dept Anesthesiol, New York, NY 10029 USA. [Gharibo, Christopher] NYU, Sch Med, Dept Anesthesiol, New York, NY 10016 USA. [Fortner, Neil] USAF, Drug Testing Lab, San Antonio, TX USA. [Brennan, Michael J.] Bridgeport Hosp, Dept Phys & Rehabilitat Med, Bridgeport, CT USA. [Richmond, Charlotte] Biomed Res & Educ Fdn LLC, Miami Beach, FL USA. [Hussey, Desmond] Neurosci & Spine Associates, Naples, FL USA. RP Pergolizzi, J (reprint author), 840 111th Ave N,Suite 7, Naples, FL 34108 USA. EM jpjmd@msn.com FU Endo Pharmaceuticals; National Institutes of Health FX Dr. Pergolizzi is a consultant to Pacific Toxicology, Endo Pharmaceuticals, and Grunenthal. Dr. Pappagallo has grants from Endo Pharmaceuticals and the National Institutes of Health and is a consultant for Ortho-McNeil-Janssen, GSK, Perdue Pharma, and Alkermes. None of the other authors has any relevant disclosures. This article was prepared with editorial services from Jo Ann LeQuang of LeQ Medical, Angleton, Texas. NR 37 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY PERIODICALS, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN STREET, MALDEN, MA 02148-529 USA SN 1530-7085 J9 PAIN PRACT JI Pain Pract. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 10 IS 6 BP 497 EP 507 DI 10.1111/j.1533-2500.2010.00375.x PG 11 WC Anesthesiology; Clinical Neurology SC Anesthesiology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 840TP UT WOS:000296464500002 PM 20412503 ER PT J AU Paduano, QS Weyburne, DW Drehman, AJ AF Paduano, Qing S. Weyburne, David W. Drehman, Alvin J. TI An X-ray diffraction technique for analyzing basal-plane stacking faults in GaN SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI A-APPLICATIONS AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE GaN; nitride semiconductors; stacking faults; structure; X-ray diffraction ID VAPOR-PHASE EPITAXY; LASER-DIODES; FILMS; IMPERFECTIONS AB An X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique for analyzing basal-plane stacking faults (BSFs) is introduced and tested on GaN. The analysis considers the coexistence of multiple X-ray broadening terms including tilt, twist, limited coherence length, and inhomogeneous strain. By measuring and fitting a series of symmetric and asymmetric reflections planes, we deduce the lattice tilt, twist, lateral coherence length, and inhomogeneous strain contributions, which allow us to determine the existence of any additional broadening in m-plane GaN. We found that in fact certain v-scans do have excess broadening and that their lattice plane dependence is similar to the functional dependence of BSFs derived for powder XRD (theta/2 theta-scan). Applying such functional dependence allows us to estimate the BSF densities (I-1- and I-2-type). The typical stacking fault density was estimated to be 1 x 10(6)/cm in m-plane GaN grown on m-plane sapphire by MOCVD, while the relative densities of I-1- and I-2-type are sample dependent. In contrast to the m-plane GaN, stacking faults in GaN on c-plane sapphire do not contribute significantly to Bragg peak broadening and are below the detection limit. (C) 2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim C1 [Paduano, Qing S.; Weyburne, David W.; Drehman, Alvin J.] USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Paduano, QS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 80 Scott Dr, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM qing.sun-paduano@hanscom.af.mil NR 31 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 17 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1862-6300 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI A JI Phys. Status Solidi A-Appl. Mat. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 207 IS 11 BP 2446 EP 2455 DI 10.1002/pssa.201026258 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 678EI UT WOS:000284055700005 ER PT J AU Vitek, L Muchova, L Jancova, E Pesickova, S Tegzova, D Peterova, V Pavelka, K Tesar, V Schwertner, HA AF Vitek, L. Muchova, L. Jancova, E. Pesickova, S. Tegzova, D. Peterova, V. Pavelka, K. Tesar, V. Schwertner, H. A. TI Association of systemic lupus erythematosus with low serum bilirubin levels SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF RHEUMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ISCHEMIC-HEART-DISEASE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; T-CELLS; ANTIOXIDANT; RISK; SCLEROSIS; PATHWAY; OXIDASE AB Objective: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is accompanied by severe oxidative stress. Bilirubin has been reported as a strong negative predictor of oxidative stress-mediated diseases, such as atherosclerosis. The objective of our study was to evaluate the association between serum bilirubin levels and SLE manifestation. Methods: The study was performed with 259 SLE patients, diagnosed according to American Rheumatism Association (ARA) criteria. A subset of these patients, having normal hepatic function (n = 218, mean age 39.5 years), was studied in greater detail to eliminate the possible confounding effects of any underlying or drug-induced liver disease on the serum bilirubin levels. Age-matched healthy subjects (n = 180) served as the control group. A standard biochemical and immunological work-up was performed on all subjects. Results: Compared to the controls, substantially lower levels of serum bilirubin were detected in SLE patients (p < 10(-5)); these were inversely correlated with disease activity and extent (p < 0.05). Furthermore, each 1 mol/L decrease in serum bilirubin was associated with a 37% increase in the odds for a positive SLE status [odds ratio (OR) 1.37, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.28-1.47, p < 10(-5)]. Simultaneously, the odds of unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia (a phenotypic sign of Gilbert's syndrome) were more than four times lower in SLE patients (OR 0.235, 95% CI 0.072-0.764, p = 0.016). Conclusion: Low serum bilirubin represented a strong predictor of the manifestation of SLE symptoms. The most likely explanation for this finding is the increased consumption of bilirubin due to the severe oxidative stress accompanying SLE. Subjects with higher serum bilirubin levels, such as those with Gilbert's syndrome, might be protected from the development of SLE. C1 [Vitek, L.; Muchova, L.] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Med 1, Inst Clin Biochem & Lab Diagnost, Prague 12808 2, Czech Republic. [Vitek, L.] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Med 1, Dept Internal Med 4, Prague 12808 2, Czech Republic. [Jancova, E.; Pesickova, S.; Tesar, V.] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Med 1, Dept Nephrol, Prague 12808 2, Czech Republic. [Tegzova, D.; Pavelka, K.] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Med 1, Inst Rheumatol, Prague 12808 2, Czech Republic. [Peterova, V.] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Med 1, Dept Neurol, Prague 12808 2, Czech Republic. [Schwertner, H. A.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Vitek, L (reprint author), Charles Univ Prague, Fac Med 1, Dept Internal Med 4, U Nemocnice 2, Prague 12808 2, Czech Republic. EM vitek@cesnet.cz RI Vitek, Libor/A-2645-2008; Pavelka, Karel/E-6578-2017 OI Vitek, Libor/0000-0002-5318-0151; Pavelka, Karel/0000-0003-1952-8422 FU Czech Ministry of Education [MSM 0021620807, ME849]; Czech Ministry of Health [MZ0RU2005] FX This work was supported by grants MSM 0021620807 and ME849 from the Czech Ministry of Education, as well as grant MZ0RU2005 from the Czech Ministry of Health. We thank Milada Losterova for her excellent technical assistance with processing of the clinical data. NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 0300-9742 J9 SCAND J RHEUMATOL JI Scand. J. Rheumatol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 39 IS 6 BP 480 EP 484 DI 10.3109/03009741003742748 PG 5 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 686LJ UT WOS:000284697500019 PM 20604673 ER PT J AU Konkova, T Mironov, S Korznikov, A Semiatin, SL AF Konkova, T. Mironov, S. Korznikov, A. Semiatin, S. L. TI Microstructure instability in cryogenically deformed copper SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Cryogenic deformation; Electron backscatter diffraction; Copper; Nanocrystalline microstructure ID PLASTIC-DEFORMATION AB High-resolution electron backscatter diffraction was employed to establish the microstructural stability in severely cryodeformed copper during long-term static storage at room temperature. The material was shown to exhibit grain growth including some aspects of abnormal grain growth. (C) 2010 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Mironov, S.] Tohoku Univ, Dept Mat Proc, Grad Sch Engn, Sendai, Miyagi 9808579, Japan. [Konkova, T.; Mironov, S.; Korznikov, A.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Met Superplast Problems, Ufa 450001, Russia. [Semiatin, S. L.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mironov, S (reprint author), Tohoku Univ, Dept Mat Proc, Grad Sch Engn, 6-6-02 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 9808579, Japan. EM smironov@material.tohoku.ac.jp RI Korznikov, Alexander/F-1473-2014; SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 NR 9 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 63 IS 9 BP 921 EP 924 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2010.07.005 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 652GD UT WOS:000281990300005 ER PT J AU Ilin, R AF Ilin, Roman TI Simultaneous Detection and Tracking: A Cognitively Inspired Approach SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 USAF, Sensors Directorate, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, Bedford, MA USA. RP Ilin, R (reprint author), USAF, Sensors Directorate, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, Bedford, MA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBLICATIONS, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1501 WILSON BLVD., STE 1001, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-2403 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 51 IS 11 BP 15 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 687QQ UT WOS:000284793400003 ER PT J AU Dribusch, C Missoum, S Beran, P AF Dribusch, Christoph Missoum, Samy Beran, Philip TI A multifidelity approach for the construction of explicit decision boundaries: application to aeroelasticity SO STRUCTURAL AND MULTIDISCIPLINARY OPTIMIZATION LA English DT Article DE Support vector machines; Multifidelity; Flutter boundary ID SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINES; VARIABLE FIDELITY OPTIMIZATION; RESPONSE-SURFACE; DESIGN AB This paper presents a multifidelity approach for the construction of explicit decision boundaries (constraints or limit-state functions) using support vector machines. A lower fidelity model is used to select specific samples to construct the decision boundary corresponding to a higher fidelity model. This selection is based on two schemes. The first scheme selects samples within an envelope constructed from the lower fidelity model. The second technique is based on the detection of regions of inconsistencies between the lower and the higher fidelity decision boundaries. The approach is applied to analytical examples as well as an aeroelasticity problem for the construction of a nonlinear flutter boundary. C1 [Dribusch, Christoph; Missoum, Samy] Univ Arizona, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Beran, Philip] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Missoum, S (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM smissoum@email.arizona.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; National Science Foundation [CMMI-0800117] FX Part of this research was conducted in the context of a summer research program in the Air Vehicle Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base through funding from Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Dr. Fariba Fahroo, Program Manager). The support of the National Science Foundation (award CMMI-0800117) is gratefully acknowledged for the research dealing with the Explicit Design Space Decomposition Methodology. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1615-147X J9 STRUCT MULTIDISCIP O JI Struct. Multidiscip. Optim. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 42 IS 5 BP 693 EP 705 DI 10.1007/s00158-010-0516-8 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mechanics GA 650PH UT WOS:000281861400004 ER PT J AU Singh, G Grandhi, RV Stargel, DS AF Singh, Gulshan Grandhi, Ramana V. Stargel, David S. TI Modified particle swarm optimization for a multimodal mixed-variable laser peening process SO STRUCTURAL AND MULTIDISCIPLINARY OPTIMIZATION LA English DT Article DE Multimodal mixed-variable optimization; Particle swarm optimization; Surrogate model; Mixed-variable nonlinear optimization; Niching; Laser peening ID GENETIC ALGORITHM; DESIGN; SIMULATION; SYSTEMS; MODELS AB Optimization problems that result in shock, impact, and explosion type disciplines typically have mixed design variables, multiple optimal solutions, and high computational cost of an analysis. In the optimization literature, many researchers have solved problems involving mixed variables or multiple optima, but it is difficult to find multiple optima of a mixed-variable and high computation cost problem using an particle swarm optimization (PSO). To solve such problems, a mixed-variable niching PSO (MNPSO) is developed. The four modifications introduced to the PSO are: Latin Hypercube sampling-based particle generation, a mixed-variable handling technique, a niching technique, and surrogate model-based design space localization. The proposed method is demonstrated on the laser peening (LP) problem. The LP process induces favorable residual stress on the peened surface to improve the fatigue and fretting properties of the material. In many applications of LP, geometric configurations and dimensional integrity requirements of the component can constrain implementation of an optimal solution. In such cases, it is necessary to provide multiple alternatives to the designer so that a suitable one can be selected according to the requirements. It takes 24-72 CPU hours to perform an LP finite element analysis. C1 [Singh, Gulshan] Univ Texas San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. [Grandhi, Ramana V.] Wright State Univ, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Stargel, David S.] USAF, Off Sci Res, WPAFB, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Singh, G (reprint author), Univ Texas San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. EM gulshan.singh@utsa.edu FU Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio [FA8650-04-D-3446, 25]; Dayton Area Graduate Studies Institute FX This research was funded by contract FA8650-04-D-3446, D.O. # 25 from Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio and the Dayton Area Graduate Studies Institute. We thank Dr. A. H. Clauer and Mr. David Lahrman from LSP Technologies, Inc., Columbus, OH, for technical exchange during this research. We also thank the Ohio Supercomputing Center and Dassault Systemes for access to ABAQUS. NR 40 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1615-147X EI 1615-1488 J9 STRUCT MULTIDISCIP O JI Struct. Multidiscip. Optim. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 42 IS 5 BP 769 EP 782 DI 10.1007/s00158-010-0540-8 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mechanics GA 650PH UT WOS:000281861400010 ER PT J AU Emergo, RLS Baca, FJ Wu, JZ Haugan, TJ Barnes, PN AF Emergo, R. L. S. Baca, F. J. Wu, J. Z. Haugan, T. J. Barnes, P. N. TI The effect of thickness and substrate tilt on the BZO splay and superconducting properties of YBa2Cu3O7-delta films SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; COLUMNAR DEFECTS; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; SELF-ORGANIZATION; VORTEX MOTION; CRYSTALS; ANGLES; GROWTH; CONFIGURATIONS; DEPENDENCE AB Highly splayed BaZrO3 nanorods (BZO-NRs) were generated in YBa2Cu3O7-delta (YBCO) films doped with 2 vol% BZO on 5 degrees vicinal SrTiO3 (STO) substrates. It was observed that the splay angle of the BZO-NRs around the c-axis increases with film thickness from about 10 degrees at 0.2 mu m to 35 degrees-40 degrees at 1 mu m. Although the same trend was observed in BZO-NRs in flat YBCO films, the splay angle at a given thickness and its increase with film thickness are significantly smaller. The enhanced dispersion of BZO-NRs in vicinal YBCO/BZO-NR films results in a much reduced strain on the YBCO lattice as compared to its flat counterpart. This led to less disturbed normal-state electron conduction along the ab-plane, higher T-c values and enhanced J(c) values due to improved magnetic pinning. C1 [Emergo, R. L. S.; Baca, F. J.; Wu, J. Z.; Barnes, P. N.] Univ Kansas, Dept Phys & Astron, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Baca, F. J.; Haugan, T. J.; Barnes, P. N.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Emergo, RLS (reprint author), TriQuint Semicond Inc, 2300 NE Brookwood Pkwy, Hillsboro, OR 97124 USA. FU NSF; AFOSR FX The authors acknowledge supports from NSF and AFOSR for this work. NR 39 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 13 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 EI 1361-6668 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 23 IS 11 AR 115010 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/23/11/115010 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 681JM UT WOS:000284308000010 ER PT J AU Trickler, WJ Lantz, SM Murdock, RC Schrand, AM Robinson, BL Newport, GD Schlager, JJ Oldenburg, SJ Paule, MG Slikker, W Hussain, SM Ali, SF AF Trickler, William J. Lantz, Susan M. Murdock, Richard C. Schrand, Amanda M. Robinson, Bonnie L. Newport, Glenn D. Schlager, John J. Oldenburg, Steven J. Paule, Merle G. Slikker, William, Jr. Hussain, Saber M. Ali, Syed F. TI Silver Nanoparticle Induced Blood-Brain Barrier Inflammation and Increased Permeability in Primary Rat Brain Microvessel Endothelial Cells SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE blood-brain barrier; neuroinflamation; silver nanoparticles; rat brain microvessel endothelial cells; neurotoxicity ID NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; IN-VITRO; TNF-ALPHA; EXPOSURE; MODEL; TRANSPORT; INTERLEUKIN-1-BETA; DYSFUNCTION; ACTIVATION; EXPRESSION AB The current report examines the interactions of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) with the cerebral microvasculature to identify the involvement of proinflammatory mediators that can increase blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. Primary rat brain microvessel endothelial cells (rBMEC) were isolated from adult Sprague-Dawley rats for an in vitro BBB model. The Ag-NPs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering, and laser Doppler velocimetry. The cellular accumulation, cytotoxicity (6.25-50 mu g/cm(3)) and potential proinflammatory mediators (interleukin [IL]-1 beta, IL-2, tumor necrosis factor [TNF] alpha, and prostaglandin E(2) [PGE(2)]) of Ag-NPs (25, 40, or 80 nm) were determined spectrophotometrically, cell proliferation assay (2,3-bis[2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl]-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide) and ELISA. The results show Ag-NPs-induced cytotoxic responses at lower concentrations for 25 and 40 nm when compared with 80-nm Ag-NPs. The proinflammatory responses in this study demonstrate both Ag-NPs size and time-dependent profiles, with IL-1B preceding both TNF and PGE(2) for 25 nm. However, larger Ag-NPs (40 and 80 nm) induced significant TNF responses at 4 and 8 h, with no observable PGE(2) response. The increased fluorescein transport observed in this study clearly indicates size-dependent increases in BBB permeability correlated with the severity of immunotoxicity. Together, these data clearly demonstrate that larger Ag-NPs (80 nm) had significantly less effect on rBMEC, whereas the smaller particles induced significant effects on all the end points at lower concentrations and/or shorter times. Further, this study suggests that Ag-NPs may interact with the cerebral microvasculature producing a proinflammatory cascade, if left unchecked; these events may further induce brain inflammation and neurotoxicity. C1 [Trickler, William J.; Lantz, Susan M.; Robinson, Bonnie L.; Newport, Glenn D.; Paule, Merle G.; Slikker, William, Jr.; Ali, Syed F.] US FDA, Neurochem Lab, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. [Murdock, Richard C.; Schrand, Amanda M.; Schlager, John J.; Hussain, Saber M.] USAF, Appl Biotechnol Branch, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Oldenburg, Steven J.] NanoComposix Inc, San Diego, CA 92111 USA. RP Ali, SF (reprint author), US FDA, Neurochem Lab, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, HFT 132,3900 NCTR Rd, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. EM syed.ali@fda.hhs.gov FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory at the National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA (Jefferson, AR) FX The contents of this manuscript do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the U.S. Food & Drug Administration, and the mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. This research was supported in part by an appointment to the Postgraduate Research Participation Program with the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory at the National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA (Jefferson, AR) administered by the Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Education (Oak Ridge, TN) through an interagency agreement between U.S. Department of Energy, U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory/Applied Biotechnology Branch, and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. NR 60 TC 111 Z9 116 U1 3 U2 67 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 118 IS 1 BP 160 EP 170 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfq244 PG 11 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 666DN UT WOS:000283092200018 PM 20713472 ER PT J AU Grotelueschen, M AF Grotelueschen, Mark TI Unknown Soldiers:The American Expeditionary Forces in Memory and Remembrance SO WAR IN HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Grotelueschen, Mark] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Grotelueschen, M (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0968-3445 J9 WAR HIST JI War Hist. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 17 IS 4 BP 542 EP 544 DI 10.1177/09683445100170040907 PG 3 WC History; International Relations SC History; International Relations GA 682KY UT WOS:000284403600016 ER PT J AU Eyet, N Bemish, RJ Viggiano, AA Plane, JMC AF Eyet, Nicole Bemish, Raymond J. Viggiano, A. A. Plane, John M. C. TI Mesospheric implications for the reaction of Si+ with O-2(a (1)Delta(g)) SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SPORADIC-E; ION CHEMISTRY; TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCES; UPPER-ATMOSPHERE; IONOSPHERE; REGION; O-2(A(1)DELTA(G)); INTENSITIES; TRANSITION; CALCIUM AB The rate constant for the reaction of Si+ with O-2(a (1)Delta(g)) was measured in a selected ion flow tube (SIFT) between 200 and 500 K. The temperature dependence is T-(2.2 perpendicular to 0.8). The rate constant at 500 K is below the detection limit (<1 x 10(-11) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1)) while the rate constant at 200 K is 3.6 x 10(-11) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1). The product is SiO+, in accord with potential energy surfaces. These surfaces also show that the reaction of Si+ with O-2((3)Sigma(-)(g)) only yields association products, SiOO+ or OSiO+ ions. An upper mesosphere/lower thermosphere model predicts that reaction with O-2(a (1)Delta(g)) is the most important removal process for Si+ during the day between 87 and 107 km, which may explain the depletion of this ion relative to other ions of meteoric origin, such as Fe+ and Mg+. The reaction therefore has an important influence on the composition and lifetimes of sporadic E layers during daytime. Citation: Eyet, N., R. J. Bemish, A. A. Viggiano, and J. M. C. Plane (2010), Mesospheric implications for the reaction of Si+ with O-2(a (1)Delta(g)), Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L20801, doi: 10.1029/2010GL044837. C1 [Eyet, Nicole] St Anselm Coll, Dept Chem, Manchester, NH 03102 USA. [Eyet, Nicole; Bemish, Raymond J.; Viggiano, A. A.] USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Plane, John M. C.] Univ Leeds, Sch Chem, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Eyet, Nicole] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Boston, MA USA. RP Eyet, N (reprint author), St Anselm Coll, Dept Chem, 100 St Anselm Dr, Manchester, NH 03102 USA. EM albert.viggiano@us.af.mil RI Bemish, Raymond/I-3340-2012; Bemish, Raymond/B-7929-2013; Plane, John/C-7444-2015 OI Bemish, Raymond/0000-0003-2974-1534; Plane, John/0000-0003-3648-6893 FU European Office of Aerospace Research and Development [FA8655-10-1-3045]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Institute for Scientific Research of Boston College [FA8718-04-C-0055]; Air Force Summer Faculty Fellowship FX JMCP was supported through award FA8655-10-1-3045 from the European Office of Aerospace Research and Development. RJB and AAV are grateful for the support of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research for this work. NE acknowledges funding from the Institute for Scientific Research of Boston College (FA8718-04-C-0055) and the Air Force Summer Faculty Fellowship Program. NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 29 PY 2010 VL 37 AR L20801 DI 10.1029/2010GL044837 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 674LW UT WOS:000283747100001 ER PT J AU Shuman, NS Miller, TM Caples, CM Viggiano, AA AF Shuman, Nicholas S. Miller, Thomas M. Caples, Connor M. Viggiano, A. A. TI Variable Electron and Neutral Density Attachment Mass Spectrometry: Temperature-Dependent Kinetics of Electron Attachment to PSCl3 and PSCl2 and Mutual Neutralization of PSCl2- and PSCl- with Ar+ SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID FLOWING-AFTERGLOW PLASMAS; LANGMUIR PROBE TECHNIQUE; RATE COEFFICIENTS; RECOMBINATION; APPARATUS; ENERGY; IONS; GAS; SF6 AB We describe the VENDAMS (variable electron and neutral density attachment mass spectrometry) technique to measure the rate constants of various processes occurring as primary, secondary, and higher order chemistry in a flowing afterglow at high charge densities over a temperature range of 300 to 550 K. In particular, we report measurements of rate constants of ion-ion mutual neutralization and electron attachment to radical species, processes which have proven difficult to study through other means. The product negative ion abundances from the addition of PSCl3 to an Ar+/e(-) plasma have been measured as a function of initial electron densities between 1 x 10(8) and 4 x 10(10) cm(-3). Data at lower electron densities yield branching ratios of the primary electron attachment to PSCl3; determination of the reactions and rate constants occurring at low electron densities then allows for determination of the greater number of reactions and rate constants contributing at higher electron densities. Reaction rate constants and branching ratios of electron attachment to PSCl2 are reported; this is the first measurement of electron attachment to a radical as a function of temperature. The data show an unusual negative temperature dependence; however, a zero or even slightly positive dependence is within the uncertainty. Measured electron attachment rate constants are 1.4 x 10(-7), 1.1 x 10(-7), and 9.1 x 10(-8) +/- 40% cm(3) s(-1) at 300, 400, and 550 K, respectively; the dominant product channel is PSCl + Cl- (95, 87, and 77% at 300, 400, and 550 K), and the minor channel is PSCl- + Cl. Ion-ion mutual neutralization rate constants of both PSCl- and PSCl2- with Ar+ are reported over the investigated temperature range; rate constants at 300 K are 4.9 x 10(-8) +/- 20% cm(3) s(-1) and 4.5 x 10(-8) +/- 15% cm(3) s(-1) and show temperature dependences of T-0.5 +/- 0.3 and T-0.9 +/- 0.3, respectively. C1 [Shuman, Nicholas S.; Miller, Thomas M.; Caples, Connor M.; Viggiano, A. A.] USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Viggiano, AA (reprint author), USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; National Research Council; [FA8718-06-C-0015] FX The AFRL authors are grateful for the support of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research for this work. N.S.S. was supported by the National Research Council Research Associateship Program. T.M.M. is under contract (FA8718-06-C-0015) to the Institute for Scientific Research of Boston College. NR 23 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD OCT 28 PY 2010 VL 114 IS 42 BP 11100 EP 11108 DI 10.1021/jp101975a PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 666HU UT WOS:000283106200011 PM 20557104 ER PT J AU Flusche, BM Gartley, MG Schott, JR AF Flusche, Brian M. Gartley, Michael G. Schott, John R. TI Defining a process to fuse polarimetric and spectral data for target detection and explore the trade space via simulation SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE multimodal fusion; simulation; polarimetric sensing; target detection ID HYPERSPECTRAL DATA; DECISION FUSION AB A process is developed to assess the effect of fusing polarimetric and spectral sensing modalities for an urban target detection scenario through simulation with the Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Image Generation (DIRSIG) model. Two novel multimodal fusion algorithms are proposed-one for the pixel level, and another for the decision level. A synthetic urban scene is validated to ensure the presence of enough background clutter. The signal-to-clutter ratios (SCR) of both the simulated spectral and polarimetric data are calculated, and the synthetic spectral SCR is compared to data collected with the Compact Airborne Spectral Sensor (COMPASS). A qualitative examination of the polarimetric background clutter level is also described. The fusion algorithms' performances are evaluated at 320 different sun-target-sensor viewing geometries, and a method to quantify the increase in performance is described. Tasking conditions where target detection performance is enhanced are identified and the decision fusion algorithm is shown to outperform the pixel fusion algorithm. The utility of polarimetric information is shown to vary with the sun-target-sensor geometry, but data fusion consistently enhances spectral target detection performance when the sensor is located in the sun's specular reflection lobe. C1 [Flusche, Brian M.; Gartley, Michael G.; Schott, John R.] Rochester Inst Technol, Chester Carlson Ctr Imaging Sci, Digital Imaging & Remote Sensing Lab, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Flusche, Brian M.] USAF, Inst Technol, Civilian Inst Program, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Flusche, BM (reprint author), Rochester Inst Technol, Chester Carlson Ctr Imaging Sci, Digital Imaging & Remote Sensing Lab, 54 Lomb Mem Dr, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. EM bxf6324@cis.rit.edu; gartley@cis.rit.edu; schott@cis.rit.edu NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 11 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1931-3195 J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS JI J. Appl. Remote Sens. PD OCT 26 PY 2010 VL 4 BP 1 EP 14 AR 043550 DI 10.1117/1.3516616 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 704QD UT WOS:000286066600001 ER PT J AU Rittersdorf, IM Lau, YY Zier, JC Gilgenbach, RM Cruz, EJ Luginsland, JW AF Rittersdorf, Ian M. Lau, Y. Y. Zier, Jacob C. Gilgenbach, Ronald M. Cruz, Edward J. Luginsland, John W. TI Temporal and spatial locking of nonlinear systems SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ARRAY Z-PINCHES; PHASE-LOCKING AB Peer-to-peer locking of two magnetrons is analyzed including the effects of a frequency chirp and of low frequency noise. It is found that complete phase locking cannot be achieved in either case. However, as long as the locking condition is well satisfied instantaneously, a high degree of locking occurs. This analysis in the time domain is adapted to locking in the spatial domain, in particular to the interpretation of some recent experiments on the spatial correlation of two ablating current-carrying wires that are placed sufficiently close to each other. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3506496] C1 [Rittersdorf, Ian M.; Lau, Y. Y.; Zier, Jacob C.; Gilgenbach, Ronald M.; Cruz, Edward J.] Univ Michigan, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Luginsland, John W.] USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Rittersdorf, IM (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM yylau@umich.edu FU ONR [N00014-09-1-1084]; AFOSR [FA9550-10-1-0104]; AFRL; L-3 Communications Electron Device Division; Northrop-Grumman Corporation FX This work was supported by ONR under Grant No. N00014-09-1-1084, AFOSR Grant No. FA9550-10-1-0104, AFRL, L-3 Communications Electron Device Division, and Northrop-Grumman Corporation. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 25 PY 2010 VL 97 IS 17 AR 171502 DI 10.1063/1.3506496 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 680LO UT WOS:000284233600009 ER PT J AU Lucas, MS Munoz, JA Delaire, O Markovskiy, ND Stone, MB Abernathy, DL Halevy, I Mauger, L Keith, JB Winterrose, ML Xiao, YM Lerche, M Fultz, B AF Lucas, M. S. Munoz, J. A. Delaire, O. Markovskiy, N. D. Stone, M. B. Abernathy, D. L. Halevy, I. Mauger, L. Keith, J. B. Winterrose, M. L. Xiao, Yuming Lerche, M. Fultz, B. TI Effects of composition, temperature, and magnetism on phonons in bcc Fe-V alloys SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR RESONANT SCATTERING; DENSITY-OF-STATES; IRON-VANADIUM ALLOYS; TRANSITION ELEMENTS; BINARY-ALLOYS; ORDER; MOMENTS; FERROMAGNETISM; DEPENDENCE; PARAMETER AB The phonon densities of states of body-centered-cubic Fe-V alloys across the full composition range were studied by inelastic neutron scattering, nuclear resonant inelastic x-ray scattering, and ab initio calculations. The average phonon energy followed the inverse of the electronic heat capacity and the inverse of the electronic density of states at the Fermi level, showing how the interatomic forces depend on electronic screening. These quantities, including phonon energy, changed rapidly near the composition of the paramagnetic-ferromagnetic transition. For Fe-and V-rich alloys, the thermal phonon softening deviated from quasiharmonic behavior but better agreement was found for intermediate compositions. The Fe partial phonon density of states has a distinctly different shape than V for alloys with less than 50 at. % Fe. C1 [Lucas, M. S.; Delaire, O.; Stone, M. B.; Abernathy, D. L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Lucas, M. S.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Munoz, J. A.; Markovskiy, N. D.; Halevy, I.; Mauger, L.; Keith, J. B.; Winterrose, M. L.; Fultz, B.] CALTECH, WM Keck Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Xiao, Yuming] Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, HPCAT, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Lerche, M.] Carnegie Inst Washington, High Pressure Synerget Consortium, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lucas, MS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Munoz, Jorge/C-8427-2011; BL18, ARCS/A-3000-2012; Stone, Matthew/G-3275-2011; Abernathy, Douglas/A-3038-2012 OI Stone, Matthew/0000-0001-7884-9715; Abernathy, Douglas/0000-0002-3533-003X FU Scientific User Facilities Division; Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, DOE; Department of Energy through the Basic Energy Sciences [DE-FG02-03ER46055]; BES-MS [W-31-109-ENG-38]; DOE-NNSA; DOE-BES [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; NSF [DMR-0520547] FX The portions of this work conducted at Oak Ridge National Laboratory were supported by the Scientific User Facilities Division and by the Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, DOE. This work was supported by the Department of Energy through the Basic Energy Sciences under Grant No. DE-FG02-03ER46055 and BES-MS under Grant No. W-31-109-ENG-38. Portions of this work were performed at HPCAT (Sector 16), Advanced Photon Source (APS), Argonne National Laboratory. HPCAT is supported by CIW, CDAC, UNLV, and LLNL through funding from DOE-NNSA, DOE-BES, and NSF. Use of the APS was supported by DOE-BES under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. This work benefited from DANSE software developed under NSF under Grant No. DMR-0520547. NR 52 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 22 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 14 AR 144306 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.144306 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 669LA UT WOS:000283349900003 ER PT J AU Bopp, JC Miller, TM Friedman, JF Shuman, NS Viggiano, AA AF Bopp, Joseph C. Miller, Thomas M. Friedman, Jeffrey F. Shuman, Nicholas S. Viggiano, A. A. TI Electron attachment to propargyl chloride, 305-540 K SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LANGMUIR PROBE TECHNIQUE; CHLOROALKANES; RECOMBINATION; ENERGIES AB Electron attachment to propargyl chloride (HC C-CH2Cl) was studied in a flowing-afterglow Langmuir-probe apparatus from 305 to 540 K. The sole ion product in this temperature range is Cl-. Electron attachment is very inefficient, requiring correction for a competing process of electron recombination with molecular cations produced in reaction between Ar+ and propargyl chloride and subsequent ion-molecule reactions. The electron attachment rate coefficient was measured to be 1.6 x 10(-10) cm(3) s(-1) at 305 K and increased to 1.1 x 10(-9) cm(3) s(-1) at 540 K. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3505144] C1 [Bopp, Joseph C.; Miller, Thomas M.; Friedman, Jeffrey F.; Shuman, Nicholas S.; Viggiano, A. A.] USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Miller, Thomas M.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. RP Bopp, JC (reprint author), Nalco Co, 1601 W Diehl Rd, Naperville, IL 60563 USA. EM millertf@bc.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Air Force Research Laboratory; Institute for Scientific Research of Boston College [FA8718-10-C-0002]; National Research Council FX We are grateful for the support of the Molecular Dynamics Program of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research for this work. We thank Paul D. Burrow and Ilya I. Fabrikant for comments on the slow attachment rate coefficient for C3H3Cl. J.C.B. was supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory Summer Space Scholar Program. T.M.M. is supported by the Institute for Scientific Research of Boston College under Contract No. FA8718-10-C-0002. J.F.F. was supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory Summer Faculty Program. N.S.S. is supported by a National Research Council postdoctoral award. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD OCT 21 PY 2010 VL 133 IS 15 AR 154306 DI 10.1063/1.3505144 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 669OE UT WOS:000283359300027 PM 20969385 ER PT J AU Levandier, DJ Chiu, YH AF Levandier, Dale J. Chiu, Yu-Hui TI A guided-ion beam study of the reactions of Xe+ and Xe2+ with NH3 at hyperthermal collision energies SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CHARGE-TRANSFER REACTIONS; DISSOCIATIVE ELECTROIONIZATION; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; OSCILLATOR-STRENGTHS; CROSS-SECTIONS; EV REGION; AMMONIA; IONIZATION; MOLECULE; STATE AB We have measured the absolute cross sections for reactions of Xe+ and Xe2+ with NH3 at collision energies in the range from near-thermal to similar to 34 and similar to 69 eV, respectively. For Xe+, the cross section for charge transfer, the only exothermic channel, decreases from similar to 200 angstrom(2) below 0.1 eV to similar to 12 angstrom(2) at the highest energies studied. The production of NH3+ is the only channel observed below 5 eV, above which a small amount of NH2+ is also formed. In Xe2+ reactions, the main products observed are NH3+ and NH2+. The charge transfer cross section decreases monotonically from similar to 80 to similar to 6 angstrom(2) over the studied energy range. The NH2+ cross section is similar to the charge transfer cross section at the lowest energies, and exhibits a second component above 0.4 eV, with a maximum of 65 angstrom(2) at 0.7 eV, above which the cross section decreases to similar to 30 angstrom(2) at the highest energies studied. At energies above 10 eV, a small amount of NH+ is also observed in Xe2+ collisions. Product recoil velocity distributions were determined at selected collision energies, using guided-ion beam time-of-flight methods. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3488055] C1 [Levandier, Dale J.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02159 USA. [Chiu, Yu-Hui] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 02452 USA. RP Levandier, DJ (reprint author), Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02159 USA. EM yu-hui.chiu@hanscom.af.mil FU AFOSR [2303ES02] FX The authors are indebted to Dr. Rainer Dressler for very helpful discussions. This work is supported by AFOSR through task 2303ES02 (Program Manager: Michael Berman) . NR 50 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD OCT 21 PY 2010 VL 133 IS 15 AR 154304 DI 10.1063/1.3488055 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 669OE UT WOS:000283359300025 PM 20969383 ER PT J AU Evidente, VGH Alvarez, MV AF Evidente, Virgilio Gerald H. Alvarez, Maria V. TI Reply: Case Series of Painful Legs and Moving Toes: Clinical and Electrophysiological Observations SO MOVEMENT DISORDERS LA English DT Letter ID A INJECTIONS C1 [Evidente, Virgilio Gerald H.] Mayo Clin, Dept Neurol, Scottsdale, AZ USA. [Alvarez, Maria V.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Evidente, VGH (reprint author), Mayo Clin, Dept Neurol, Scottsdale, AZ USA. EM evidente.virgilio@mayo.edu NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0885-3185 J9 MOVEMENT DISORD JI Mov. Disord. PD OCT 15 PY 2010 VL 25 IS 13 BP 2258 EP 2259 DI 10.1002/mds.22526 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 665HV UT WOS:000283026900044 PM 20683838 ER PT J AU Van Nostrand, JE Cortez, R Rice, ZP Cady, NC Bergkvist, M AF Van Nostrand, Joseph E. Cortez, Rebecca Rice, Zachary P. Cady, Nathaniel C. Bergkvist, Magnus TI Local transport properties, morphology and microstructure of ZnO decorated SiO2 nanoparticles SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GROWTH; SILICA; NANORODS; CLUSTERS; RANGE AB We report on a novel, surfactant free method for achieving nanocrystalline ZnO decoration of an SiO2 nanoparticle at ambient temperature. The size distributions of the naked and decorated SiO2 nanoparticles are measured by means of dynamic light scattering, and a monodisperse distribution is observed for each. The morphology and microstructure of the nanoparticles are explored using atomic force microscopy and high resolution transmission electron microscopy. Investigation of the optical properties of the ZnO decorated SiO2 nanoparticles shows absorption at 350 nm. This blue shift in absorption as compared to bulk ZnO is shown to be consistent with quantum confinement effects due to the small size of the ZnO nanocrystals. Finally, the local electronic transport properties of the nanoparticles are explored by scanning conductance atomic force microscopy. A memristive hysteresis in the transport properties of the individual ZnO decorated SiO2 nanoparticles is observed. Optical absorption measurements suggest the presence of oxygen vacancies, whose migration and annihilation appear to contribute to the dynamic conduction properties of the ZnO decorated nanoparticles. We believe this to be the first demonstration of a ZnO decorated SiO2 nanoparticle, and this represents a simple yet powerful way of achieving the optical and electrical properties of ZnO in combination with the simplicity of SiO2 synthesis. C1 [Van Nostrand, Joseph E.] USAF, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Rome, NY USA. [Cortez, Rebecca] Union Coll, Schenectady, NY 12308 USA. [Rice, Zachary P.; Cady, Nathaniel C.; Bergkvist, Magnus] Albany Coll Nanoscale Sci & Engn, Albany, NY USA. RP Van Nostrand, JE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Rome, NY USA. EM Joseph.VanNostrand@rl.af.mil FU National Science Foundation [EEC-0824341]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) FX RC would like to acknowledge the National Science Foundation for support of this effort (Grant No. EEC-0824341). The work of ZPR and JEVN was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR PM Kitt Reinhardt). NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 14 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD OCT 15 PY 2010 VL 21 IS 41 AR 415602 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/21/41/415602 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 651WR UT WOS:000281958600015 PM 20834116 ER PT J AU Lee, KM Koerner, H Vaia, RA Bunning, TJ White, TJ AF Lee, Kyung Min Koerner, Hilmar Vaia, Richard A. Bunning, Timothy J. White, Timothy J. TI Relationship between the Photomechanical Response and the Thermomechanical Properties of Azobenzene Liquid Crystalline Polymer Networks SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID LIGHT; ACTUATORS; FILMS; BEHAVIOR AB We report on the influence of cross-link density of azobenzene-containing liquid crystal polymer networks (azo-LCNs) on the thermomechanical properties and the laser-directed bending of cantilevers consisting of these materials. Cross-link density of azo-LCN was increased by adjusting the length of photocuring from 1 to 120 min. The storage modulus (E'), loss modulus (E ''), and glass transition temperature (T-g) of the azo-LCNs increase with cross-link density. Increasing the cross-link density of the polydomain azo-LCN reduces the magnitude of the bending angle of the cantilevers. The relationship between the thermomechanical and photomechanical properties oldie polydomain azo-LCN reported here is further elucidated in the examination of laser-directed bending over a wide range of temperature. The temperature dependence of the equilibrium photodriven bending angle is shown to be strongly related to the temperature dependence of the storage modulus for a given azo-LCN sample. Normalizing the temperature dependence of the photomechanical response of the azo-LCN cantilevers by the T-g provides a master curve that can be used to tailor the photomechanical response. C1 [Lee, Kyung Min; Koerner, Hilmar; Vaia, Richard A.; Bunning, Timothy J.; White, Timothy J.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45332 USA. [Lee, Kyung Min] Azimuth Corp, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP White, TJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45332 USA. EM Timothy.White2@wpafb.af.mil RI Lee, Kyung Min/B-4408-2011; White, Timothy/D-4392-2012 FU Materials and Manufacturing Directorate; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX This work was completed at the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base with the funding from the Materials and Manufacturing Directorate as well as the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 22 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 32 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD OCT 12 PY 2010 VL 43 IS 19 BP 8185 EP 8190 DI 10.1021/ma1014758 PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 658GM UT WOS:000282478500045 ER PT J AU Hoey, ML Carlson, JB Osgood, RM Kimball, B Buchwald, W AF Hoey, Megan L. Carlson, J. B. Osgood, R. M., III Kimball, B. Buchwald, W. TI rf plasma oxidation of Ni thin films sputter deposited to generate thin nickel oxide layers SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LASER; DETECTORS; DIODES AB Nickel oxide (NiO) layers were formed on silicon (Si) substrates by plasma oxidation of nickel (Ni) film lines. This ultrathin NiO layer acted as a barrier layer to conduction, and was an integral part of a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) diode, completed by depositing gold (Au) on top of the oxide. The electrical and structural properties of the NiO thin film were examined using resistivity calculations, current-voltage (I-V) measurements and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (XTEM) imaging. The flow rate of the oxygen gas, chamber pressure, power, and exposure time and their influence on the characteristics of the NiO thin film were studied. [doi: 10.1063/1.3499661] C1 [Hoey, Megan L.; Carlson, J. B.; Osgood, R. M., III; Kimball, B.] USA, Natick Soldier Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. [Buchwald, W.] USAF, Sensors Directorate, RYHC, Res Lab,Optoelect Technol Branch, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Hoey, ML (reprint author), USA, Natick Soldier Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. EM megan.hoey@us.army.mil NR 7 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 11 PY 2010 VL 97 IS 15 AR 153104 DI 10.1063/1.3499661 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 667TM UT WOS:000283216900055 ER PT J AU Altfeder, I Voevodin, AA Roy, AK AF Altfeder, Igor Voevodin, Andrey A. Roy, Ajit K. TI Vacuum Phonon Tunneling SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON; SPECTROSCOPY; CONDUCTANCE; MICROSCOPY; SURFACE; HEAT AB Field-induced phonon tunneling, a previously unknown mechanism of interfacial thermal transport, has been revealed by ultrahigh vacuum inelastic scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Using thermally broadened Fermi-Dirac distribution in the STM tip as in situ atomic-scale thermometer we found that thermal vibrations of the last tip atom are effectively transmitted to sample surface despite few angstroms wide vacuum gap. We show that phonon tunneling is driven by interfacial electric field and thermally vibrating image charges, and its rate is enhanced by surface electron-phonon interaction. C1 [Altfeder, Igor; Voevodin, Andrey A.; Roy, Ajit K.] USAF, Res Lab, Thermal Sci & Mat Branch, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Altfeder, I (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Thermal Sci & Mat Branch, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Igor.Altfeder.ctr@wpafb.af.mil RI Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013 FU AFOSR FX The authors thank S. Patton, K. Matveev, M. Kozlov, Y. Bazaliy, P. Hagelstein, A. Kittel, M. Bode, and A. Balatsky for interesting discussions. The research was supported by AFOSR. NR 29 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 11 PY 2010 VL 105 IS 16 AR 166101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.166101 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 661UG UT WOS:000282753000009 PM 21230983 ER PT J AU Pitz, GA Fox, CD Perram, GP AF Pitz, Greg A. Fox, Charles D. Perram, Glen P. TI Pressure broadening and shift of the cesium D-2 transition by the noble gases and N-2, H-2, HD, D-2, CH4, C2H6, CF4, and He-3 with comparison to the D-1 transition SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID FOREIGN GASES; LINES; LASER; POWER; D2 AB The pressure broadening and shift rates for the cesium D-2 (6(2)P(3/2) <- 6(2)S(1/2)) transition with the noble gases and N-2, H-2, HD, D-2, CH4, C2H6, CF4, and He-3 were obtained for pressures less than 300 Torr at a temperature of 40 degrees C by means of laser absorption spectroscopy. The collisional broadening rate gamma(L) for He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, N2, H2, HD, D-2, CH4, C2H6, CF4, and He-3 are 20.59, 9.81, 16.47, 15.54, 18.41, 19.18, 27.13, 28.24, 22.84, 25.84, 26.14, 17.81, and 22.35 MHz/Torr, respectively. The uncertainty in the broadening rates is typically less than 0.3%. The corresponding pressure-induced shift rates delta are 0.69, -2.58, -6.18, -6.09, -6.75, -6.20, -4.83, -4.49, -4.54, -8.86, -9.38, -6.47, and 0.60 MHz/Torr with an uncertainty of less than 0.04 MHz/Torr. With the exception of diatomic collision partners, the broadening rates for Cs D-2 are 5%-15% less than the rates for Cs D-1. For light collision partners with a blue shift, the D-1 is shifted more than the D-2 line. The broadening cross sections for Cs and Rb are similar. However, the cross sections for K are about 70% larger and for Na, about 30% less. C1 [Pitz, Greg A.; Fox, Charles D.; Perram, Glen P.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Perram, GP (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Glen.Perram@afit.edu OI Perram, Glen/0000-0002-4417-3929 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; High Energy Laser Joint Technology Office FX Support for this work from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and the High Energy Laser Joint Technology Office is gratefully acknowledged. We want to thank Nathan Zameroski for his help with the interatomic potentials. NR 26 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT 8 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 4 AR 042502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.82.042502 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 660WO UT WOS:000282677400004 ER PT J AU McCollough, JP Elkington, SR Usanova, ME Mann, IR Baker, DN Kale, ZC AF McCollough, J. P. Elkington, S. R. Usanova, M. E. Mann, I. R. Baker, D. N. Kale, Z. C. TI Physical mechanisms of compressional EMIC wave growth SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ION-CYCLOTRON WAVES; 1-2 MAGNETIC PULSATIONS; EQUATORIAL MAGNETOSPHERE; ELECTRON ACCELERATION; SIMULATION; PLASMAPAUSE; STORMS; DISTRIBUTIONS; GENERATION; TRANSPORT AB On 29 June 2007, electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves were observed on the ground by the Canadian Array for Realtime Investigations of Magnetic Activity (CARISMA) network of magnetometers between L = 4 and L = 6 in response to a significant magnetospheric compression. Here a new MHD/particle method for studying EMIC wave growth in the magnetosphere is used to provide a detailed study of the compression event. We compare equatorial field line crossings of NASA's Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) spacecraft and CARISMA observation sites to frequency-integrated wave growth rates from the MHD/particle method. Simulated temperatures were constant in time, suggesting an absence of energizing processes during this event. Many particles experienced so-called Shabansky orbits during this event, in which their drift motion was confined to high latitudes in the dayside magnetosphere. We propose a new nonenergizing process, driven by ions undergoing Shabansky orbits, for generating ion temperature anisotropies. In addition, the fundamental role of the plasmasphere in generating EMIC waves from the free energy of warm ion temperature anisotropies is discussed. C1 [McCollough, J. P.; Elkington, S. R.; Baker, D. N.] Univ Colorado, Lab Atmospher & Space Phys, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Usanova, M. E.; Mann, I. R.; Kale, Z. C.] Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G7, Canada. RP McCollough, JP (reprint author), USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM james.mccollough@us.af.mil RI McCollough, James/A-2489-2016 OI McCollough, James/0000-0003-3615-8857 FU NASA [NNG04GN11G]; Center for Integrated Space Weather Modeling via NSF STC [ATM-0120950]; Canadian NSERC; CSA; National Science Foundation FX J.P.M., S.R.E., and D.N.B. were supported by NASA Goddard grant NNG04GN11G and the Center for Integrated Space Weather Modeling via NSF STC grant ATM-0120950. J.P.M. would like to thank D.L. Turner for helpful discussions. M.E.U. was supported by a Canadian NSERC Discovery grant to I.R.M. Z.C.K. wishes to thank F.W. Menk, C.L. Waters, and L.G. Ozeke for cross-phase and density inversion programs. CARISMA (www.carisma.ca) is operated by the University of Alberta, funded by the CSA. The Mid-Continent Magnetoseismic Chain is funded by the National Science Foundation. The MHD computations were performed on the Integrated Computing Environment for Scientific Simulation at the National Center for Atmospheric Research. NR 41 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD OCT 7 PY 2010 VL 115 AR A10214 DI 10.1029/2010JA015393 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 716SC UT WOS:000286992800004 ER PT J AU Nguyen, KA Day, PN Pachter, R AF Nguyen, Kiet A. Day, Paul N. Pachter, Ruth TI Understanding Structural and Optical Properties of Nanoscale CdSe Magic-Size Quantum Dots: Insight from Computational Prediction SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID EFFECTIVE CORE POTENTIALS; ULTRA-STABLE NANOPARTICLES; SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCRYSTALLITES; MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; CROSS-SECTION; II-VI; CLUSTERS; GROWTH; NUCLEATION AB Structure and properties of small quantum dots are of fundamental and practical interest due to a broad range of applications that exploit their optical tunability. Although previous experimental and theoretical investigation of very small semiconductor quantum dots have shown relative stability for clusters that deviate from the bulk, these materials have not been systematically characterized. In this work, structures of (CdSe)(n) (n = 1-37) clusters were studied using a combination of structure enumeration, Monte Carlo search, and local optimization. Binding energy (E-n and relative binding energy, Delta E-n = n(En+1 - E-n), per CdSe unit) calculations using density functional theory (DFT) were carried out to identify the so-called magic size (MS, Delta E-n > 0) quantum dots. (CdSe)(n) with n = 9, 12, 16, 18, 21, 24, 28, 32, 33, 35, and 36 were found to have high relative stability. MS structural motifs were investigated further for clusters up to (CdSe)(54). In addition, time-dependent OFT calculations of one-photon absorption (OPA) spectra for MS clusters were carried out to compare with experimental spectra. Computational prediction provides insight into the cluster formation during early growth and serves as a starting point for further analysis of the nonlinear optical response. The effects of ligands/solvent on the structure, stability, and OPA spectra were also examined for selected clusters. C1 [Nguyen, Kiet A.; Day, Paul N.; Pachter, Ruth] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Nguyen, Kiet A.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Day, Paul N.] Gen Dynam Informat Technol Inc, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. RP Nguyen, KA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX This research has been supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. Calculations were carried out at the Air Force Research Laboratory Dot) Supercomputing Resource Center. The authors thank F. Rabani and Y. Kawazoe for useful discussions. NR 64 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 7 U2 51 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD OCT 7 PY 2010 VL 114 IS 39 BP 16197 EP 16209 DI 10.1021/jp103763d PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 654ZJ UT WOS:000282209800018 ER PT J AU Varshney, V Patnaik, SS Roy, AK Farmer, BL AF Varshney, Vikas Patnaik, Soumya S. Roy, Ajit K. Farmer, Barry L. TI Modeling of Thermal Conductance at Transverse CNT-CNT Interfaces SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID CARBON-NANOTUBE COMPOSITES; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; HEAT-FLOW; NANOCOMPOSITES; SUSPENSIONS; RESISTANCE; GRAPHENE AB This article explores the transverse thermal conductance between two parallel-bonded as well as nonbonded-carbon nanotubes, embedded in an epoxy matrix using nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations. Here, we study the effect of different organic linkers-connecting the two nanotubes-on the thermal interface conductance and compare these results with those of nonbonded nanotubes. Our results suggest that incorporation of linker molecules significantly modifies overall interface conductance between nanotubes. Specifically, we find that the conductance increases with the number of linking functionality but shows an opposite trend with respect to the linker's length, that is, the longer the linker is, the lower the conductance. We attribute this behavior to weakening of van der Waals interactions between carbon nanotubes in the case of longer linkers as well as possible scattering of thermal vibrations that occur along the linker molecules. C1 [Varshney, Vikas; Roy, Ajit K.; Farmer, Barry L.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Varshney, Vikas] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Patnaik, Soumya S.] USAF, Prop Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Varshney, V (reprint author), USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM vikas.varshney@afmcx.net; ajitroy@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR/RSA) FX We thank Dr. Byung-Lip (Les) Lee and Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR/RSA) for the financial support for this study. NR 57 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 37 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD OCT 7 PY 2010 VL 114 IS 39 BP 16223 EP 16228 DI 10.1021/jp104139x PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 654ZJ UT WOS:000282209800021 ER PT J AU Basu, S Basu, S MacKenzie, E Bridgwood, C Valladares, CE Groves, KM Carrano, C AF Basu, S. Basu, Su. MacKenzie, E. Bridgwood, C. Valladares, C. E. Groves, K. M. Carrano, C. TI Specification of the occurrence of equatorial ionospheric scintillations during the main phase of large magnetic storms within solar cycle 23 SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ELECTRIC-FIELD; PLASMA BUBBLES; SPREAD-F; JULY 15; REGION; MODEL; IRREGULARITIES; MAGNETOSPHERE; PENETRATION; LATITUDES AB Satellite communication and navigation systems operating at low latitudes suffer outages due to ionospheric scintillations during large magnetic storms that are not currently specified by any model. This paper describes and demonstrates how in the framework of an eastward electric field penetration from high to low latitudes at dusk during the main phase of a large storm, for which the rate of change of D(st) <= -50 nT/h and the Dst minimum index <= -100 nT, it is possible to specify the longitude interval within the low-latitude ionosphere where scintillations and plasma bubbles are most likely to occur. It is known that the eastward prompt penetration electric field becomes enhanced near sunset due to the day-to-night conductivity gradient. Such enhanced eastward electric fields generally set off the Rayleigh-Taylor plasma instability at F region heights and cause the formation of plasma bubbles and irregularities of electron density that give rise to scintillations of satellite signals. We first discuss two individual magnetic storms that satisfy the criterion of large magnetic storms mentioned above and for which the onsets of the main phase are about 15 h apart. We show that the dusk sectors corresponding to these two storms are such that irregularities and scintillations were observed in the Atlantic-Peruvian longitude sector for one storm and in the Pacific sector for the other. We then present a statistical study with 30 large magnetic storms during solar cycle 23 which satisfy the two criteria of large magnetic storms and we attempt to specify the longitude interval of irregularity and scintillation occurrence during the main phase of such storms. We have tracked globally the occurrence of equatorial scintillations during magnetic storms by the use of scintillation observations made by the Air Force Research Laboratory's Scintillation Network Decision Aid (SCINDA) network and the DMSP satellite in situ measurements of plasma bubbles at 840 km. The statistical study reveals that during large magnetic storms, scintillations and plasma bubbles occur over a specific longitude sector for which the local dusk corresponds to the time interval of the main phase of storms. The magnetic storm induced scintillations may enhance the general seasonal/longitudinal pattern of quiet time scintillations at the station but may also occur where it is least expected in accordance with climatology. The storm time response of the equatorial ionosphere discussed in this paper will be implemented in the SCINDA algorithm to enhance its capability to specify scintillations during large magnetic storms. C1 [Basu, S.; Basu, Su.; MacKenzie, E.; Bridgwood, C.; Valladares, C. E.; Carrano, C.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. [Groves, K. M.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Basu, S (reprint author), Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. EM sunanda.basu@bc.edu; sunanda.basu@bc.edu FU AFRL [FA8718-08-C-0012]; AFOSR [2311AS]; ONR [N00014-09-1-0432] FX We thank the World Data Center for Geomagnetism, Kyoto, Japan, for making the Dst index available for this study. The work at Boston College was supported by an AFRL contract FA8718-08-C-0012. The work at AFRL was supported by the AFOSR task 2311AS. Su. Basu was supported by ONR grant N00014-09-1-0432. NR 31 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD OCT 5 PY 2010 VL 45 AR RS5009 DI 10.1029/2009RS004343 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 716RP UT WOS:000286991500004 ER PT J AU Price, SD Smith, BJ Kuchar, TA Mizuno, DR Kraemer, KE AF Price, Stephan D. Smith, Beverly J. Kuchar, Thomas A. Mizuno, Donald R. Kraemer, Kathleen E. TI 3.6 YEARS OF DIRBE NEAR-INFRARED STELLAR LIGHT CURVES SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE catalogs; infrared: stars; stars: AGB and post-AGB; stars: variables: general ID SPECTRAL IRRADIANCE CALIBRATION; LONG-PERIOD VARIABLES; BINARY CH-CYGNI; CARBON STARS; TIME-SERIES; MINUS 2MASS; COBE; RESOLUTION; DUST; VARIABILITY AB The weekly averaged near-infrared fluxes for 2652 stars were extracted from the cold and warm era all-sky maps of the Diffuse Infrared Background Experiment (DIRBE). Since the DIRBE program only archived the individual Calibrated Infrared Observations for the 10 month cold era mission, the weekly averaged fluxes were all that were available for the warm era. The steps required to extract stellar fluxes are described as are the adjustments that were necessary to correct the results for several systematic effects. The observations are at a cadence of once a week for 3.6 years (similar to 1300 days), providing continuous sampling on variable stars that span the entire period for the longest fundamental pulsators. The stars are divided into three categories: those with large amplitude of variability, smaller amplitude variables, and sources whose near-infrared brightness do not vary according to our classification criteria. We show examples of the results and the value of the added baseline in determining the phase lag between the visible and infrared. C1 [Price, Stephan D.; Kraemer, Kathleen E.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Smith, Beverly J.] Tennessee State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Johnson City, TN 37614 USA. [Kuchar, Thomas A.; Mizuno, Donald R.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. RP Price, SD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM afrl.rvb.pa@hanscom.af.mil; smithbj@etsu.edu; afrl.rvb.pa@hanscom.af.mil OI Kraemer, Kathleen/0000-0002-2626-7155 FU NASA Office of Space Science; NASA [NAG-13079] FX NASA Goddard Space Flight Center developed the DIRBE data sets under the direction of the COBE Science Working Group. The data were obtained from the Legacy Archive for Microwave Background Data Analysis, which is supported by the NASA Office of Space Science. We acknowledge with thanks the variable star observations from the AAVSO International Database contributed by observers worldwide and used in this research. We particularly thank Jessica Webb for help with data acquisition. We used the SIMBAD database and the VizieR service operated at the CDS, Strasbourg, France, and the NASA Astrophysics Data system at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. This research was funded, in part, by the NASA LTSA grant NAG-13079. We also thank the referee for helpful comments to improve the paper. NR 46 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 190 IS 2 BP 203 EP 219 DI 10.1088/0067-0049/190/2/203 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 675QM UT WOS:000283845500001 ER PT J AU Ball, GW AF Ball, Gregory W. TI Over the Top: Denton County Soldiers in the Great War, 1917-1919 SO SOUTHWESTERN HISTORICAL QUARTERLY LA English DT Article C1 [Ball, Gregory W.] USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ball, GW (reprint author), Air Natl Guard Hist Off, Washington, DC USA. NR 53 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TEXAS STATE HIST ASSOC PI DENTON PA UNIV N TEXAS DENTON, 1155 UNION CIRCLE 311580, DENTON, TX 76203-5017 USA SN 0038-478X J9 SOUTHWEST HIST QUART JI Southw. Hist. Q. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 114 IS 2 BP 137 EP 150 PG 14 WC History SC History GA 675KA UT WOS:000283828200002 ER PT J AU Furusato, B Tan, SH Young, D Dobi, A Sun, C Mohamed, AA Thangapazham, R Chen, Y McMaster, G Sreenath, T Petrovics, G McLeod, DG Srivastava, S Sesterhenn, IA AF Furusato, B. Tan, S. H. Young, D. Dobi, A. Sun, C. Mohamed, A. A. Thangapazham, R. Chen, Y. McMaster, G. Sreenath, T. Petrovics, G. McLeod, D. G. Srivastava, S. Sesterhenn, I. A. TI Robust erg oncoprotein expression in prostate cancer: potential for ERG based stratification SO HISTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 28th International Congress of the International-Academy-of-Pathology CY OCT 10-15, 2010 CL Sao Paulo, BRAZIL SP Int Acad Pathol C1 [Furusato, B.; Young, D.; Sesterhenn, I. A.] USAF, Inst Pathol, Dept Genitourinary Pathol, Washington, DC 20330 USA. [Furusato, B.; Tan, S. H.; Dobi, A.; Sun, C.; Mohamed, A. A.; Thangapazham, R.; Chen, Y.; Sreenath, T.; Petrovics, G.; McLeod, D. G.; Srivastava, S.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Ctr Prostate Dis Res, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Furusato, B.; Tan, S. H.; Dobi, A.; Sun, C.; Mohamed, A. A.; Thangapazham, R.; Chen, Y.; Sreenath, T.; Petrovics, G.; McLeod, D. G.; Srivastava, S.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Ctr Prostate Dis Res, Rockville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0309-0167 J9 HISTOPATHOLOGY JI Histopathology PD OCT PY 2010 VL 57 SU 1 MA 544 BP 195 EP 196 PG 2 WC Cell Biology; Pathology SC Cell Biology; Pathology GA 656GW UT WOS:000282317400542 ER PT J AU Sinn, DL Gosling, SD Hilliard, S AF Sinn, David L. Gosling, Samuel D. Hilliard, Stewart TI Personality and performance in military working dogs: Reliability and predictive validity of behavioral tests SO APPLIED ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Military dog; Personality; Reliability; Predictive validity; Behavioral instrument ID SPECIALIST SEARCH DOGS; POTENTIAL GUIDE DOGS; GERMAN-SHEPHERD DOGS; CANIS-FAMILIARIS; DOMESTIC DOG; TRAITS; HERITABILITY; SUITABILITY; PERSPECTIVE; AGGRESSION AB Quantification and description of individual differences in behavior, or personality differences, is now well-established in the working dog literature. What is less well-known is the predictive relationship between particular dog behavioral traits (if any) and important working outcomes. Here we evaluate the validity of a dog behavioral test instrument given to military working dogs (MWDs) from the 341st Training Squadron, USA Department of Defense (DOD); the test instrument has been used historically to select dogs to be trained for deployment. A 15-item instrument was applied on three separate occasions prior to training in patrol and detection tasks, after which dogs were given patrol-only, detection-only, or dual-certification status. On average, inter-rater reliability for all 15 items was high (mean = 0.77), but within this overall pattern, some behavioral items showed lower inter-rater reliability at some time points (<0.40). Test-retest reliability for most (but not all) single item behaviors was strong (>0.50) across shorter test intervals, but decreased with increasing test interval (<0.40). Principal components analysis revealed four underlying dimensions that summarized test behavior, termed here 'object focus', 'sharpness', 'human focus', and 'search focus'. These four aggregate behavioral traits also had the same pattern of short-, but not long-term test-retest reliability as that observed for single item behaviors. Prediction of certification outcomes using an independent test data set revealed that certification outcomes could not be predicted by breed, sex, or early test behaviors. However, prediction was improved by models that included two aggregate behavioral trait scores and three single item behaviors measured at the final test period, with 1 unit increases in these scores resulting in 1.7-2.8 increased odds of successful dual- and patrol-only certification outcomes. No improvements to odor-detection certification outcomes were made by any model. While only modest model improvements in prediction error were made by using behavioral parameters (2-7%), model predictions were based on data from dogs that had successfully completed all three test periods only, and therefore did not include data from dogs that were rejected during testing or training due to behavioral or medical reasons. Thus, future improvements to predictive models may be more substantial using independent predictors with less restrictions in range. Reports of the reliability and validity estimates of behavioral instruments currently used to select MWDs are scarce, and we discuss these results in terms of improving the efficiency by which working dog programs may select dogs for patrol and odor-detection duties using behavioral pre-screening instruments. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Sinn, David L.; Gosling, Samuel D.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Psychol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Hilliard, Stewart] USAF, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Sinn, David L.] Univ Tasmania, Sch Zool, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. RP Gosling, SD (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Dept Psychol, 1 Univ Stn A8000, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM samg@mail.utexas.edu OI Gosling, Samuel/0000-0001-8970-591X FU NSF [0731216] FX This work was funded by an NSF Award 0731216 to SDG. Timothy Bartlett, James Dalton, Lacy Smith, and Lisa Maze provided essential logistical support, and we thank other members of 341 TRS for caring for and training MWDs at Lackland. Two anonymous reviewers and the AABS Editorial Board provided valuable comments on an earlier version. NR 51 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 8 U2 71 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1591 J9 APPL ANIM BEHAV SCI JI Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 127 IS 1-2 BP 51 EP 65 DI 10.1016/j.applanim.2010.08.007 PG 15 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences GA 672WO UT WOS:000283617900007 ER PT J AU Yu, DS Yang, Y Durstock, M Baek, JB Dai, LM AF Yu, Dingshan Yang, Yan Durstock, Michael Baek, Jong-Beom Dai, Liming TI Soluble P3HT-Grafted Graphene for Efficient Bilayer-Heterojunction Photovoltaic Devices SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE graphene; poly(3-hexylthiophene); end-functionalization; solution processing; solar cells ID SENSITIZED SOLAR-CELLS; POLYMER; FILMS; POLYTHIOPHENE; MORPHOLOGY; OXIDE; TRANSPARENT; COMPOSITES; COPOLYMERS AB CH2OH-terminated regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) was chemically grafted onto carboxylic groups of graphene oxide (GO) via esterification reaction. The resultant P3HT-grafted GO sheets (G-P3HT) are soluble in common organic solvents, facilitating the structure/property characterization and the device fabrication by solution processing. The covalent linkage and the strong electronic interaction between the P3HT and graphene moieties in G-P3HT were confirmed by spectroscopic analyses and electrochemical measurements. A bilayer photovoltaic device based on the solution-cast G-P3HT/C-60 heterostructures showed a 200% increase of the power conversion efficiency (eta = 0.61%) with respect to the P3HT/C-60 counterpart under AM 1.5 illumination (100 mW/cm(2)). C1 [Durstock, Michael] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, RXBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Yu, Dingshan; Dai, Liming] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Yang, Yan] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Baek, Jong-Beom] UNIST, Interdisciplinary Sch Green Energy, Ulsan 689798, South Korea. RP Durstock, M (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, RXBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM michael.durstock@wpafb.af.mil; liming.dai@case.edu RI Baek, Jong-Beom/E-5883-2010; Yu, Dingshan/C-8881-2014; OI Baek, Jong-Beom/0000-0003-4785-2326; Yu, Dingshan/0000-0002-7650-5131; Yu, Dingshan/0000-0002-2913-2432 FU AFOSR [FA9550-09-1-0331]; Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology in Korea FX The authors thank the support from AFOSR (FA9550-09-1-0331) and WCU Project through UNIST from the Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology in Korea. NR 41 TC 201 Z9 207 U1 19 U2 200 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD OCT PY 2010 VL 4 IS 10 BP 5633 EP 5640 DI 10.1021/nn101671t PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 670UV UT WOS:000283453700022 PM 20831214 ER PT J AU Juhl, AT Busbee, JD Koval, JJ Natarajan, LV Tondiglia, VP Vaia, RA Bunning, TJ Braun, PV AF Juhl, Abigail T. Busbee, John D. Koval, John J. Natarajan, Lalgudi V. Tondiglia, Vincent P. Vaia, Richard A. Bunning, Timothy J. Braun, Paul V. TI Holographically Directed Assembly of Polymer Nanocomposites SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE directed assembly; nanoparticles; nanocomposite; holography; photopolymerization ID ORGANIC-INORGANIC NANOCOMPOSITES; DISTRIBUTION MORPHOLOGY; HOLOGRAM FORMATION; NANOPARTICLES; PHOTOPOLYMERS; LITHOGRAPHY; COMPOSITES; MODEL AB Layered polymer/nanoparticle composites have been created through the one-step two-beam interference lithographic exposure of a dispersion of 25 and 50 nm silica particles within a photopolymerizable mixture at a wavelength of 532 nm. The polymerizable mixture is composed of pentaerythritol triacrylate (monomer), 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone (monomer), and photoinitiator. In the areas of constructive interference, the monomer begins to polymerize via a free-radical process and concurrently the nanoparticles move into the regions of destructive interference. The effects of exposure time, power density, nanoparticle size, and periodicity on the final nanocomposite structure were measured with transmission electron microscopy to determine the mechanism for particle segregation. Diffraction from the sample was monitored as well, though its magnitude was not a good predictor of nanostructure in this relatively low index contrast system. Exposure time did not have a strong effect on the final structure. The best nanoparticle sequestration was observed at reduced laser power density, smaller interferogram periodicity, and decreased nanoparticle size, indicating that particle segregation is dominated by diffusion-limited nanoparticle transport directed by a matrix containing a gradient of polymerization kinetics. C1 [Juhl, Abigail T.; Busbee, John D.; Koval, John J.; Braun, Paul V.] Univ Illinois, Frederick Seitz Mat Res Lab, Beckman Inst, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Busbee, John D.; Natarajan, Lalgudi V.; Tondiglia, Vincent P.; Vaia, Richard A.; Bunning, Timothy J.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Braun, PV (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Frederick Seitz Mat Res Lab, Beckman Inst, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM pbraun@illinois.edu FU National Science Foundation's Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center (NSEC) [DMR-0642573]; Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate (AFRL) at Wright Patterson Air Force Base (WPAFB) FX This work is supported by the National Science Foundation's Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center (NSEC) under NSF Award no. DMR-0642573, and the Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate (AFRL) at Wright Patterson Air Force Base (WPAFB). Special thanks to AFRL at WPAFB for use of the facilities. NR 30 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 5 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD OCT PY 2010 VL 4 IS 10 BP 5953 EP 5961 DI 10.1021/nn100885x PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 670UV UT WOS:000283453700063 PM 20929238 ER PT J AU Rao, SI Dimiduk, DM El-Awady, JA Parthasarathy, TA Uchic, MD Woodward, C AF Rao, S. I. Dimiduk, D. M. El-Awady, J. A. Parthasarathy, T. A. Uchic, M. D. Woodward, C. TI Activated states for cross-slip at screw dislocation intersections in face-centered cubic nickel and copper via atomistic simulation SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Cross-slip; Activation analysis; Atomistic simulations; Nickel; Escaig stresses ID PURE COPPER; CRYSTALS; MODEL AB We extend our recent simulation studies where a screw dislocation in face-centered cubic (fcc) Ni was found to spontaneously attain a low energy partially cross-slipped configuration upon intersecting a forest dislocation. Using atomistic (molecular statics) simulations with embedded atom potentials, we evaluated the activation barrier for a dislocation to transform from fully residing on the glide plane to fully residing on a cross-slip plane intersecting a forest dislocation in both Ni and Cu. The activation energies were obtained by determining equilibrium configurations (energies) when variable pure tensile or compressive stresses were applied along the [1 1 1] direction on the partially cross-slipped state. We show that the activation energy is a factor of 2-5 lower than that for cross-slip in isolation via the Escaig process. The cross-slip activation energies obtained at the intersection in Cu were in reasonable accord with the experimentally determined cross-slip activation energy for Cu. Further, the activation barrier for cross-slip at these intersections was shown to be linearly proportional to (d/b)[ln(root 3d/b)](1/2), as in the Escaig process, where d is the Shockley partial dislocation spacing and b is the Burgers vector of the screw dislocation. These results suggest that cross-slip should be preferentially observed at selected screw dislocation intersections in fcc materials. (C) 2010 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Rao, S. I.; Parthasarathy, T. A.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Dimiduk, D. M.; Uchic, M. D.; Woodward, C.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [El-Awady, J. A.] UTC, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Rao, SI (reprint author), UES Inc, 4401 Dayton Xenia Rd, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM satish.rao@wpatb.af.mil RI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/B-7146-2011; El-Awady, Jaafar/E-8551-2010 OI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/0000-0002-5449-9754; El-Awady, Jaafar/0000-0002-5715-2481 FU AFOSR under USAF [FA8650-04-D-5235]; DOD at the Aeronautical Systems Center/Major Shared Resource Center FX The authors acknowledge use of the three-dimensional molecular dynamics code LAAMPS, which was developed at Sandia National Laboratory by Dr. Steve Plimpton and co-workers. This work was supported by the AFOSR under USAF Contract No. FA8650-04-D-5235, and by a grant of computer time from the DOD High Performance Computing Modernization Program at the Aeronautical Systems Center/Major Shared Resource Center. The work was performed at the US Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base. NR 21 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 58 IS 17 BP 5547 EP 5557 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2010.06.005 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 651IW UT WOS:000281922400001 ER PT J AU Nixon, ME Lebensohn, RA Cazacu, O Liu, C AF Nixon, Michael E. Lebensohn, Ricardo A. Cazacu, Oana Liu, Cheng TI Experimental and finite-element analysis of the anisotropic response of high-purity alpha-titanium in bending SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Twinning; alpha-Titanium; Bent beams; Orthotropy; Elastoplastic model ID ALLOY AB In this paper, we present results of four-point bending tests performed on beams of high-purity alpha-titanium material. These tests have been performed at room temperature for different beam configurations and loading orientations with respect to the orthotropy axes of the material. Digital image correlation was used to determine local strains in the deformed beams. Experimental results compare very well with the predictions of finite-element simulations obtained using the elastic/plastic model developed by Nixon et al. (2010) [12]. Specifically, we compare local deformations and the cross-sections of each beam for all loading configurations. We show that the model predicts with great accuracy the tension compression asymmetry and the evolving anisotropy of the material. The experimentally observed upward shift of the neutral axis, as well as the rigidity of the response along the hard to deform c-axes are very well described by the proposed model. (C) 2010 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Cazacu, Oana] Univ Florida, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, REEF, Shalimar, FL 32539 USA. [Nixon, Michael E.] USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. [Lebensohn, Ricardo A.; Liu, Cheng] Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Cazacu, O (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, REEF, 1350 N Poquito Rd, Shalimar, FL 32539 USA. EM nixon@eglin.af.mil; lebenso@lanl.gov; cazacu@reef.ufl.edu RI Lebensohn, Ricardo/A-2494-2008; Cazacu, Oana/L-4635-2016 OI Lebensohn, Ricardo/0000-0002-3152-9105; Cazacu, Oana/0000-0002-2499-9096 NR 16 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 58 IS 17 BP 5759 EP 5767 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2010.06.051 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 651IW UT WOS:000281922400023 ER PT J AU Bei, H Yang, Y Viswanathan, GB Rawn, CJ George, EP Tiley, J Chang, YA AF Bei, H. Yang, Y. Viswanathan, G. B. Rawn, C. J. George, E. P. Tiley, J. Chang, Y. A. TI Formation, stability and crystal structure of the sigma phase in Mo-Re-Si alloys SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE sigma phase; Mo alloys; Silicides; Thermodynamics; Phase diagram ID B ALLOYS; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; SYSTEM; MOLYBDENUM; BEHAVIOR; MATRIX; ENGINE AB The formation, stability and crystal structure of the a phase in Mo-Re-Si alloys were investigated. Guided by thermodynamic calculations, six critically selected alloys were are melted and annealed at 1600 degrees C for 150 h. Their as-cast and annealed microstructures, including phase fractions and distributions, the compositions of the constituent phases and the crystal structure of the sigma phase were analyzed by thermodynamic modeling coupled with experimental characterization by scanning electron microscopy, electron probe microanalysis, X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Two key findings resulted from this work. One is the large homogeneity range of the sigma phase region, extending from binary Mo-Re to ternary Mo-Re-Si. The other is the formation of a sigma phase in Mo-rich alloys either through the peritectic reaction of liquid + Mo(ss) -> sigma or primary solidification. These findings are important in understanding the effects of Re on the microstructure and providing guidance on the design of Mo-Re-Si alloys (C) 2010 Acta Materialia Inc Published by Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved C1 [Rawn, C. J.; George, E. P.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Yang, Y.; Chang, Y. A.] CompuTherm LLC, Madison, WI 53719 USA. [Viswanathan, G. B.; Tiley, J.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Rawn, C. J.; George, E. P.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Chang, Y. A.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Bei, H (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI George, Easo/L-5434-2014; Yang, Ying/E-5542-2017; OI Yang, Ying/0000-0001-6480-2254; Bei, Hongbin/0000-0003-0283-7990 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA 9550-09-C-0048, IAN 14B583903]; Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, US Department of Energy FX This research was sponsored by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research Contract No. FA 9550-09-C-0048 through the STTR program with Dr. Joan Fuller as the program manager. Work at ORNL was supported by the AFOSR through the Work-for-Others Program, IAN 14B583903 (H.B.), and the Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, US Department of Energy (E.P.G.). We thank Cecil Carmichael and Larry Walker for experimental support. NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 58 IS 18 BP 6027 EP 6034 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2010.07.020 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 659HR UT WOS:000282558100015 ER PT J AU Park, J Mitchel, WC Grazulis, L Smith, HE Eyink, KG Boeckl, JJ Tomich, DH Pacley, SD Hoelscher, JE AF Park, Jeongho Mitchel, William C. Grazulis, Lawrence Smith, Howard E. Eyink, Kurt G. Boeckl, John J. Tomich, David H. Pacley, Shanee D. Hoelscher, John E. TI Epitaxial Graphene Growth by Carbon Molecular Beam Epitaxy (CMBE) SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID LAYERS; FILMS; PRESSURE AB A novel growth method (carbon molecular beam epitaxy (CMBE)) has been developed to produce high-quality and large. area epitaxial graphene. This method demonstrates significantly improved controllability of the graphene growth. CM BE with C(60) produces AB stacked graphene, while growth with the graphite filament results in non-Bernal stacked graphene layers with a Dirac-like electronic structure, which is similar to graphene grown by thermal decomposition on SiC (000-1). C1 [Park, Jeongho; Mitchel, William C.; Grazulis, Lawrence; Smith, Howard E.; Eyink, Kurt G.; Boeckl, John J.; Tomich, David H.; Pacley, Shanee D.; Hoelscher, John E.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Park, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Jeongho.Park@WPAFB.AF.MIL FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The authors wish to thank S. N. Kim for Raman measurement support. This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Dr. Donald Silversmith and Dr. Harold Weinstock). NR 24 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 5 U2 52 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 22 IS 37 BP 4140 EP + DI 10.1002/adma.201000756 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 670AL UT WOS:000283392000004 PM 20730812 ER PT J AU Barrows, SP AF Barrows, Stephen P. TI The Law of Population and the Austrian School SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS AND SOCIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB P>There has been considerable debate within the social sciences about the consequences of rapid population growth. The law of population, as described by Thomas Robert Malthus, asserts that population growth is ultimately limited by the means of subsistence, and therefore preventive checks on population growth (e.g., voluntarily limiting the number of births) are necessary to avoid the grim prospect of inevitable human suffering when the means of subsistence cannot support the population. Economists, demographers, and other social scientists have produced volumes of exegesis on Malthus's work. This article assesses how representative economists of the Austrian School have interacted with Malthus's law of population. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Econ & Geosci, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Barrows, SP (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Econ & Geosci, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Suite 6K12, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM stephen.barrows@usafa.edu NR 53 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0002-9246 J9 AM J ECON SOCIOL JI Am. J. Econ. Sociol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 69 IS 4 BP 1178 EP 1205 DI 10.1111/j.1536-7150.2010.00740.x PG 28 WC Economics; Sociology SC Business & Economics; Sociology GA 660YZ UT WOS:000282688100004 ER PT J AU Forester, JP Calabria, CW AF Forester, Joseph P. Calabria, Christopher W. TI Local production of IgE in the respiratory mucosa and the concept of entopy: does allergy exist in nonallergic rhinitis? SO ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID INDUCED CYTIDINE DEAMINASE; CLASS SWITCH RECOMBINATION; GERMLINE GENE TRANSCRIPTS; EPSILON-HEAVY-CHAIN; NASAL B-CELLS; IDIOPATHIC RHINITIS; MAST-CELLS; HAY-FEVER; NONATOPIC PATIENTS; BRONCHIAL MUCOSE AB Objective: To review research regarding locally produced IgE and its impact on patients with chronic rhinitis. Data Sources: PubMed search with the following keywords: entopy, local IgE, nonallergic rhinitis, idiopathic rhinitis, vasomotor rhinitis, and allergic rhinitis. Study Selection: Articles were selected based on their relevance to entopy and locally produced IgE and its clinical effect and relationship to idiopathic rhinitis (IR). Results: Local IgE has been found in a variety of tissues, including nasal and bronchial mucosa. IgE is produced in these local tissues and not simply the product of migration to the tissue from regional lymphoid tissue or blood. Local IgE has been identified in most of both atopic and nonatopic asthmatic patients and allergic rhinitis patients. Up to 40% of patients with IR and a positive nasal provocation test result have evidence of locally produced IgE, which has been coined entopy. Although patients with allergic rhinitis and IR show similar inflammatory patterns with increased activated mast cells, eosinophils, and T-cell subsets in some studies, other studies on IR patients are conflicting with regard to both inflammation and allergen-specific nasal provocation test results. Conclusion: The concept of local allergy in IR patients is both intriguing and controversial. Studies have reported conflicting results, and currently there is no single best test to evaluate for entopy. It is known that there are a large number of IR patients for whom current treatment regimens are suboptimal. Therefore, further research elucidating the mechanisms of IR and the concept of localized IgE are needed to optimally diagnose this condition and treat this group of patients. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2010;105:249-256. C1 [Forester, Joseph P.] USAF, Med Ctr, Allergy Clin, Wilford Hall Med Ctr,Dept Allergy & Immunol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Forester, JP (reprint author), USAF, Med Ctr, Allergy Clin, Wilford Hall Med Ctr,Dept Allergy & Immunol, 2200 Bergquist Dr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM joseph.forester@lackland.af.mil NR 60 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1081-1206 J9 ANN ALLERG ASTHMA IM JI Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 105 IS 4 BP 249 EP 255 DI 10.1016/j.anai.2010.02.001 PG 7 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 701PN UT WOS:000285833900002 PM 20934624 ER PT J AU Hager, GD Perram, GP AF Hager, G. D. Perram, G. P. TI A three-level analytic model for alkali metal vapor lasers: part I. Narrowband optical pumping SO APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS LA English DT Article ID PUMPED CS LASER; RUBIDIUM; POWER AB A three-level analytic model for optically pumped alkali metal vapor lasers is developed by considering the steady-state rate equations for the longitudinally averaged number densities of the ground (2)S(1/2) and first excited (2)P(3/2), and (2)P(1/2) states. The threshold pump intensity includes both the requirements to fully bleach the pump transition and exceed optical losses, typically about 200 W/cm(2). Slope efficiency depends critically on the fraction of incident photons absorbed and the overlap of pump and resonator modes, approaching the quantum efficiency of 0.95-0.98, depending on the alkali atom. For marginal cavity transmission losses, peak performance is achieved for low output coupling mirror reflectivity. For efficient operation, the collisional relaxation between the two upper levels should be fast to prevent bottlenecking. By assuming a statistical distribution between the upper two levels, the limiting analytic solution for the quasi two-level system is achieved. For properly designed gain conditions, the quasi two-level solution is usually achievable and represents ideal performance. C1 [Hager, G. D.; Perram, G. P.] USAF, Dept Engn Phys, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Perram, GP (reprint author), USAF, Dept Engn Phys, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM glen.perram@afit.edu OI Perram, Glen/0000-0002-4417-3929 NR 20 TC 55 Z9 63 U1 2 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0946-2171 J9 APPL PHYS B-LASERS O JI Appl. Phys. B-Lasers Opt. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 101 IS 1-2 BP 45 EP 56 DI 10.1007/s00340-010-4050-6 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 661AL UT WOS:000282694300007 ER PT J AU Sulham, CV Pitz, GA Perram, GP AF Sulham, C. V. Pitz, G. A. Perram, G. P. TI Blue and infrared stimulated emission from alkali vapors pumped through two-photon absorption SO APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS LA English DT Article ID FREQUENCY-UP-CONVERSION; CESIUM VAPOR; LASER; RB; COHERENT; RUBIDIUM; POWER; CS AB The 5 (2)D(3/2), 5 (2)D(5/2), and 7 (2)S(1/2) states of rubidium and the 7 (2)D(3/2), 7 (2)D(5/2), and 9 (2)S(1/2) states of cesium were populated at low pressure by two photon excitation using a pulsed dye laser. Blue beams from the Rb 6 (2)P(3/2, 1/2)-5 (2)S(1/2) and Cs 7 (2)P(3/2, 1/2)-6 (2)S(1/2) transitions were observed. In addition, infrared beams were observed arising directly from the pumped (2)D states, establishing a collisionless cascade mechanism. Threshold is modest at about 0.3 mJ/pulse or 2x10(5) W/cm(2). Slope efficiencies increase dramatically with alkali concentration and peak at 0.4%, with considerable opportunity for improvement. This versatile system might find applications in both underwater communications and for infrared counter measures. C1 [Sulham, C. V.; Pitz, G. A.; Perram, G. P.] USAF, Dept Engn Phys, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Perram, GP (reprint author), USAF, Dept Engn Phys, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM glen.perram@afit.edu OI Perram, Glen/0000-0002-4417-3929 FU High Energy Laser Joint Technology Office; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX This work was funded by the High Energy Laser Joint Technology Office and Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 19 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0946-2171 J9 APPL PHYS B-LASERS O JI Appl. Phys. B-Lasers Opt. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 101 IS 1-2 BP 57 EP 63 DI 10.1007/s00340-010-4015-9 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 661AL UT WOS:000282694300008 ER PT J AU Propper, BW Clouse, WD AF Propper, Brandon W. Clouse, W. Darrin TI Thoracic Aortic Endografting for Trauma A Current Appraisal SO ARCHIVES OF SURGERY LA English DT Review ID ENDOVASCULAR STENT-GRAFTS; SINGLE-CENTER EXPERIENCE; SURGERY-OF-TRAUMA; AMERICAN-ASSOCIATION; OPEN REPAIR; DELAYED REPAIR; BLUNT TRAUMA; RUPTURE; INJURY; MANAGEMENT AB Objective: To explore this newer treatment modality's benefits, technical concerns, and complications as currently understood during the management of patients with blunt aortic injury (BAI). Data Sources: Data sources included relevant articles from published medical journals and current published texts. Study Selection: Assimilation of the pertinent world's literature into a select representation of the current status of thoracic aortic endografting for trauma's (TAET) performance and outcomes. Data Extraction: Comprehensive review of the current literature on BAI. Data Synthesis: Comparison and critical evaluation of the current literature. Conclusions: Endografting is the most frequently used method for repair of BAI. The use of TAET has led to reductions in operative mortality and spinal cord ischemia. Although experience seems promising, a new array of early and late complications must be considered. The positive experience with TAET thus far has provided impetus for endograft engineering and clinical trials specifically for BAI therapy. The ultimate late durability of TAET remains to be defined. C1 [Clouse, W. Darrin] David Grand USAF Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. [Propper, Brandon W.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Clouse, W. Darrin] Univ Calif Davis, Div Vasc & Endovasc Surg, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Clouse, W. Darrin] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Clouse, WD (reprint author), David Grand USAF Med Ctr, Dept Surg, 101 Bodin Cir, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. EM william.clouse@us.af.mil NR 49 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0004-0010 J9 ARCH SURG-CHICAGO JI Arch. Surg. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 145 IS 10 BP 1006 EP 1011 PG 6 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 666CV UT WOS:000283089600020 PM 20956771 ER PT J AU Coletta, D AF Coletta, Damon TI Venezuelan Civil-Military Relations as a Coordinate System SO ARMED FORCES & SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Venezuelan civil-military relations; American civil-military relations; civilian control; defense organization ID AMERICA AB Venezuela, one of few Latin American countries that did not have to democratize during the Third Wave, veered hardest to the left at the turn of the century. Now, this country, despite its democratic tradition, apparently has most to fear with respect to continued civilian control of the military. This article shows how Venezuela's democracia pactada (democracy-by-pact) and its Bolivarian Revolution both permitted fusing of military with political power across policy areas. However, the emergence of a coordinate system for civilian control of the military protects Hugo Chavez even as it places certain constraints on the anti-American president. Moreover, this form of civilian control matches elements of the U. S. example. Accurate description, or coding, of Venezuela opens an avenue for improved military-to-military relations, which could, in turn, lay the foundation for constructive U.S.-Venezuelan engagement in the Western Hemisphere. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Polit Sci, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Coletta, D (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Polit Sci, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Suite 6L116, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM damon.coletta@usafa.edu NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 13 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0095-327X J9 ARMED FORCES SOC JI Armed Forces Soc. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 36 IS 5 BP 843 EP 863 DI 10.1177/0095327X10382212 PG 21 WC Political Science; Sociology SC Government & Law; Sociology GA 669PQ UT WOS:000283363100005 ER PT J AU Javorsek, D Sturrock, PA Lasenby, RN Lasenby, AN Buncher, JB Fischbach, E Gruenwald, JT Hoft, AW Horan, TJ Jenkins, JH Kerford, JL Lee, RH Longman, A Mattes, JJ Morreale, BL Morris, DB Mudry, RN Newport, JR O'Keefe, D Petrelli, MA Silver, MA Stewart, CA Terry, B AF Javorsek, D., II Sturrock, P. A. Lasenby, R. N. Lasenby, A. N. Buncher, J. B. Fischbach, E. Gruenwald, J. T. Hoft, A. W. Horan, T. J. Jenkins, J. H. Kerford, J. L. Lee, R. H. Longman, A. Mattes, J. J. Morreale, B. L. Morris, D. B. Mudry, R. N. Newport, J. R. O'Keefe, D. Petrelli, M. A. Silver, M. A. Stewart, C. A. Terry, B. TI Power spectrum analyses of nuclear decay rates SO ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Spectral analysis; Radioactive decay; Nuclear decay ID HALF-LIFE MEASUREMENTS; TIME-SERIES ANALYSIS; SPACED DATA AB We provide the results from a spectral analysis of nuclear decay data displaying annually varying periodic fluctuations. The analyzed data were obtained from three distinct data sets: (32)Si and (36)CI decays reported by an experiment performed at the Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), (56)Mn decay reported by the Children's Nutrition Research Center (CNRC), but also performed at BNL, and (226)Ra decay reported by an experiment performed at the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) in Germany. All three data sets exhibit the same primary frequency mode consisting of an annual period. Additional spectral comparisons of the data to local ambient temperature, atmospheric pressure, relative humidity, Earth-Sun distance, and their reciprocals were performed. No common phases were found between the factors investigated and those exhibited by the nuclear decay data. This suggests that either a combination of factors was responsible, or that, if it was a single factor, its effects on the decay rate experiments are not a direct synchronous modulation. We conclude that the annual periodicity in these data sets is a real effect, but that further study involving additional carefully controlled experiments will be needed to establish its origin. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Javorsek, D., II] 411th Flight Test Squadron, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. [Sturrock, P. A.] Stanford Univ, Ctr Space Sci Astrophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Lasenby, R. N.] St Johns Coll, Cambridge CB2 1TP, England. [Lasenby, A. N.] Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Astrophys Grp, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. [Buncher, J. B.; Fischbach, E.; Gruenwald, J. T.; Hoft, A. W.; Horan, T. J.; Jenkins, J. H.; Kerford, J. L.; Longman, A.; Mattes, J. J.; Newport, J. R.; Petrelli, M. A.; Stewart, C. A.] Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Hoft, A. W.; Horan, T. J.; Kerford, J. L.; Petrelli, M. A.; Silver, M. A.; Stewart, C. A.] AF Reserve Officer Training Corps, Detachment 220, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Horan, T. J.; Terry, B.] 47th Operat Support Squadron, Laughlin AFB, TX 78843 USA. [Jenkins, J. H.] Purdue Univ, Sch Nucl Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Lee, R. H.; Morreale, B. L.; Morris, D. B.; Mudry, R. N.; O'Keefe, D.; Terry, B.] USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80920 USA. [Mudry, R. N.] NAS Whiting Field, Training Squadron 3, Milton, FL 32570 USA. [Petrelli, M. A.] 392nd Training Squadron, Vandenberg AFB, CA 93437 USA. RP Javorsek, D (reprint author), 411th Flight Test Squadron, 412th Test Wing, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. EM javorsek@hotmail.com OI Javorsek, Daniel/0000-0002-0329-4011 FU US Air Force Academy Center for Innovation; Air Force Office of Scientific Research; National Science Foundation [AST-0607572]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-76ER071428] FX The authors are deeply indebted to D. Alburger, K. Ellis, G. Harbottle, E. Norman, and H. Schrader for providing us with their available data and D. Krause for helpful conversations. Special thanks to the 14th Weather Squadron, 2nd Weather Group, USAF for their support in obtaining detailed weather data from Houston, New York, and Braunschweig, Germany. We also wish to thank the US Air Force Academy Center for Innovation and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research for their ongoing support.; The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the U.S. Air Force, U.S. Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. The material in this paper is Unclassified and approved for public release: distribution is unlimited, reference Air Force Flight Test Center Public Affairs reference number AFFTC-PA No. AFFTC-PA-09458. The work of P.S. is supported by National Science Foundation Grant No. AST-0607572. The work of E.F. was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-76ER071428. NR 25 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-6505 J9 ASTROPART PHYS JI Astropart Phys. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 34 IS 3 BP 173 EP 178 DI 10.1016/j.astropartphys.2010.06.011 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 658NF UT WOS:000282496000004 ER PT J AU Tollner-Burncasser, A Riley, MA Nelson, WT AF Tollner-Burncasser, Alison Riley, Michael A. Nelson, W. Todd TI Individual and Team Susceptibility to Change Blindness SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE change detection; team performance; visual search; workload ID SHARED MENTAL MODELS; VISUAL-SEARCH; PERFORMANCE; TASK; INFORMATION; ATTENTION AB TOLLNER-BURNGASSER A, RILEY MA, NELSON WT. Individual and team susceptibility to change blindness. Aviat Space Environ Med 2010;81:935-43. Background: Individual operators in command and control environments are susceptible to change blindness. Change blindness by teams of operators, which is typical in military command and control, has not been extensively studied. This experiment investigated change blindness in individuals and teams in a simulated military command and control situation display. Methods: Subjects completed a change-detection task individually or in three-person teams. In one team condition team members could actively communicate with each other, but in another condition they could not. The change-detection task involved monitoring flicker sequences of displays containing 6, 12, 24, or 48 icons for changes in icon position. Results: Results revealed a team advantage that was more pronounced when teams communicated. Communicating teams had higher overall correct detection rates (mean = 95%) than both non-communicating triads (mean = 80%) and individuals (mean = 79%). Teams were susceptible to change blindness just as individuals were, but teamwork and communication were beneficial in reducing change blindness susceptibility. Communicating teams also experienced lower global workload (mean = 24.08) than non-communicating triads (mean = 38.44) and individuals (mean = 47.18). Discussion: This research highlights the importance of teamwork and communication in reducing change blindness and workload in a command and control environment. The findings can be used to facilitate development of methods and tools for reducing individual and team change blindness susceptibility. C1 [Tollner-Burncasser, Alison] Procter & Gamble Co, Cincinnati, OH 45241 USA. [Nelson, W. Todd] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Riley, Michael A.] Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Tollner-Burncasser, A (reprint author), Procter & Gamble Co, 11511 Reed Hartman Highway, Cincinnati, OH 45241 USA. EM burngasser.at@pg.com NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 10 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 BP 935 EP 943 DI 10.3357/ASEM.2809.2010 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 654DS UT WOS:000282149300005 PM 20922885 ER PT J AU Pilmanis, AA Webb, JT Balldin, UI Conkin, J Fischer, JR AF Pilmanis, Andrew A. Webb, James T. Balldin, Ulf I. Conkin, Johnny Fischer, Joseph R. TI Air Break During Preoxygenation and Risk of Altitude Decompression Sickness SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE denitrogenation; renitrogenation; venous gas emboli; break in prebreathe ID GAS EMBOLI; SYMPTOMS AB PILMANIS AA, WEBB JT, BALLDIN UI, CONKIN J, FISCHER JR. Air break during preoxygenation and risk of altitude decompression sickness. Aviat Space Environ Med 2010; 81:944-50. Introduction: To reduce the risk of decompression sickness (DCS), current USAF U-2 operations require a 1-h preoxygenation (PreOx). An interruption of oxygen breathing with air breathing currently requires significant extension of the PreOx time. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between air breaks during PreOx and subsequent DCS and venous gas emboli (VGE) incidence, and to determine safe air break limits for operational activities. Methods: Volunteers performed 30 min of PreOx, followed by either a 10-min, 20-min, or 60-min air break, then completed another 30 min of PreOx, and began a 4-h altitude chamber exposure to 9144 m (30,000 ft). Subjects were monitored for VGE using echocardiography. Altitude exposure was terminated if DCS symptoms developed. Control data (uninterrupted 60-min PreOx) to compare against air break data were taken from the AFRL DCS database. Results: At 1 h of altitude exposure, DCS rates were significantly higher in all three break in prebreathe (BiP) profiles compared to control (40%, 45%, and 47% vs. 24%). At 2 h, the 20-min and 60-min BiP DCS rates remained higher than control (70% and 69% vs. 52%), but no differences were found at 4 h. No differences in VGE rates were found between the BiP profiles and control. Discussion: Increased DCS risk in the BiP profiles is likely due to tissue renitrogenation during air breaks not totally compensated for by the remaining PreOx following the air breaks. Air breaks of 10 min or more occurring in the middle of 1 h of PreOx may significantly increase DCS risk during the first 2 h of exposure to 9144 m when compared to uninterrupted PreOx exposures. C1 [Pilmanis, Andrew A.] USAF, Biosci & Protect Div, Res Lab, Brooks City Base, TX USA. [Webb, James T.] SARC, San Antonio, TX USA. [Balldin, Ulf I.; Fischer, Joseph R.] USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Brooks City Base, TX USA. [Conkin, Johnny] Univ Space Res Assoc, Houston, TX USA. RP Pilmanis, AA (reprint author), 5281 Hawk Eye Dr, Bulverde, TX 78163 USA. EM apilmanis@aol.com FU Air Force Research Laboratory, Brooks City-Base, TX, (USAF) [FA41624-97-D-6004, D.O. 0030FA8650-04-D-6472, D.O. 0001]; USSOCOM; NASA [NNJ06HG25A] FX This research was sponsored, in part, by the Air Force Research Laboratory, Brooks City-Base, TX, (USAF Contracts FA41624-97-D-6004; D.O. 0030FA8650-04-D-6472; D.O. 0001), USSOCOM, and a NASA Cooperative Agreement NNJ06HG25A with the Universities Space Research Association. The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of Ms. Heather O. Alexander (Wyle Laboratories) in all aspects of subject affairs, including procurement, training, and scheduling of subjects, monitoring exposure conduct, and data recording. We also appreciate the efforts of the many volunteer research subjects, research and chamber technicians, and medical monitors who made this research possible. Opinions, interpretations, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and are not necessarily endorsed by the U.S. Air Force. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 81 IS 10 BP 944 EP 950 DI 10.3357/ASEM.2819.2010 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 654DS UT WOS:000282149300006 PM 20922886 ER PT J AU Trego, L Wilson, C Steele, N AF Trego, Lori Wilson, Candy Steele, Nancy TI A Call to Action for Evidence-Based Military Women's Health Care: Developing a Women's Health Research Agenda That Addresses Sex and Gender in Health and Illness SO BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH FOR NURSING LA English DT Article DE women's health; military health care; research ID PRIORITIES; DEPLOYMENT; VETERANS; FREEDOM; WAR AB Women in the Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marines are serving in complex occupational specialties that sustain national policy and ensure combat effectiveness of our forces. Their roles have evolved from supportive roles during early conflicts to active roles in combat support and counterinsurgency operations today. Although women have received military health care over the past three decades, sex- and gender-specific care has been limited to reproductive needs and has rarely addressed military-specific health risks and outcomes. The complexity of military jobs and increased deployments to combat operations has led to increased occupational and health risks for women. As differences have been noted between men and women's deployment-related health outcomes, it is incumbent on the Military Health Care System (MHS) to create an evidence base that addresses sex and gender differences in the health of its service members. A working group of military women's health advanced practice nurses (APN) and research experts proposes to address this gap in knowledge and practices through sex- and gender-specific research. A sex-and gender-based research agenda for military women's health will be a valuable instrument to those who are dedicated to the health of this population, including members of the Army, Navy, and Air Force military nursing community. Using the knowledge that the research agenda generates, military health care providers can develop clinical practice guidelines, influence policy, and participate in program development to improve the health of servicewomen. Shaping a sex- and gender-specific military women's health research agenda will create the foundation for future evidence-based care. C1 [Trego, Lori] US Army Nurse Corps, Nursing Res Serv, Tripler Army Med Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. [Wilson, Candy] US AF Nurse Corps, CSPG SGVUS 59, Lackland AFB, TX USA. [Steele, Nancy] US Army Nurse Corps, European Reg Med Command, Landstuhl Reg Med Ctr, Landstuhl, Germany. RP Trego, L (reprint author), US Army Nurse Corps, Nursing Res Serv, Tripler Army Med Ctr, 1 Jarrett White Rd, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. EM Lori.trego@us.army.mil RI lyp, maggie/G-1471-2011 NR 36 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1099-8004 EI 1552-4175 J9 BIOL RES NURS JI Biol. Res. Nurs. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 12 IS 2 BP 171 EP 177 DI 10.1177/1099800410375299 PG 7 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA 649TH UT WOS:000281796300008 PM 20798161 ER PT J AU Lin, JP Vitek, L Schwertner, HA AF Lin, Jing-Ping Vitek, Libor Schwertner, Harvey A. TI Serum Bilirubin and Genes Controlling Bilirubin Concentrations as Biomarkers for Cardiovascular Disease SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; HEME OXYGENASE-1 GENE; ISCHEMIC-HEART-DISEASE; SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; ALBUMIN-BOUND BILIRUBIN; LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; CRIGLER-NAJJAR-SYNDROME; GILBERTS-SYNDROME; MICROSATELLITE POLYMORPHISM AB BACKGROUND: Serum bilirubin has been consistently shown to be inversely related to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Recent studies showed serum bilirubin to be associated with CVD-related factors such as diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and body mass index. Although the association of serum bilirubin with CVD has been found in both retrospective and prospective studies, less information is available on the role of genes that control bilirubin concentrations and their association with CVD. CONTENT: In this review, we provide detailed information on the identity of the major genes that control bilirubin concentrations and their association with serum bilirubin concentrations and CVD risk. We also update the results of the major studies that have been performed on the association between serum bilirubin, CVD, and CVD-related diseases such as diabetes or metabolic syndrome. Studies consistently indicate that bilirubin concentrations are inversely associated with different types of CVD and CVD-related diseases. A conditional linkage study indicates that UGT1A1 is the major gene controlling serum bilirubin concentrations, and this finding has been confirmed in recent genomewide association studies. Studies also indicate that individuals homozygous for UGT1A1*28 have a significantly lower risk of developing CVD than carriers of the wild-type alleles. SUMMARY: Serum bilirubin has a protective effect on CVD and CVD-related diseases, and UGT1A1 is the major gene controlling serum bilirubin concentrations. Pharmacologic, nonpharmacologic, or genetic interventions that increase serum bilirubin concentrations could provide more direct evidence on the role of bilirubin in CVD prevention. (c) 2010 American Association for Clinical Chemistry C1 [Schwertner, Harvey A.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. [Lin, Jing-Ping] NHLBI, Off Biostat Res, Div Cardiovasc Sci, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Vitek, Libor] Charles Univ Prague, Dept Internal Med 4, Fac Med 1, Prague, Czech Republic. [Vitek, Libor] Charles Univ Prague, Inst Clin Biochem & Lab Diagnost, Fac Med 1, Prague, Czech Republic. RP Schwertner, HA (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, 2200 Bergquist Dr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. EM harvey.schwertner@lackland.af.mil RI Vitek, Libor/A-2645-2008 OI Vitek, Libor/0000-0002-5318-0151 FU Czech Ministry of Education [MSM 0021620807, ME849]; Czech Ministry of Health [NS 9770-4-28] FX Research Funding: L. Vitek, grants MSM 0021620807 and ME849 from the Czech Ministry of Education and NS 9770-4-28 from the Czech Ministry of Health. NR 79 TC 64 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 56 IS 10 BP 1535 EP 1543 DI 10.1373/clinchem.2010.151043 PG 9 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 655SL UT WOS:000282269700009 PM 20693308 ER PT J AU Ombrello, T Won, SH Ju, YG Williams, S AF Ombrello, Timothy Won, Sang Hee Ju, Yiguang Williams, Skip TI Flame propagation enhancement by plasma excitation of oxygen. Part I: Effects of O-3 SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE Plasma-assisted combustion; Ozone; Flame propagation enhancement; Flame speed enhancement; Lifted flame; Tribrachial flame ID CHARGE COMPRESSION IGNITION; LAMINAR COFLOW JETS; GLIDING ARC PLASMA; TRIBRACHIAL FLAMES; DIMETHYL ETHER; MOLECULAR VIBRATIONS; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; DIFFUSION FLAMES; ELECTRIC-FIELDS; TRIPLE FLAMES AB The thermal and kinetic effects of O-3 on flame propagation were investigated experimentally and numerically by using C3H8/O-2/N-2 laminar lifted flames. Ozone produced by a dielectric barrier plasma discharge was isolated and measured quantitatively by using absorption spectroscopy. Significant kinetic enhancement by O-3 was observed by comparing flame stabilization locations with and without O-3 production. Experiments at atmospheric pressures showed an 8% enhancement in the flame propagation speed for 1260 ppm of O-3 addition to the O-3/N-2 oxidizer. Numerical simulations showed that the O-3 decomposition and reaction with H early in the pre-heat zone of the flame produced O and OH, respectively, from which the O reacted rapidly with C3H8 and produced additional OH. The subsequent reaction of OH with the fuel and fuel fragments, such as CH2O, provided chemical heat release at lower temperatures to enhance the flame propagation speed. It was shown that the kinetic effect on flame propagation enhancement by O-3 reaching the pre-heat zone of the flame for early oxidation of fuel was much greater than that by the thermal effect from the energy contained within O-3. For non-premixed laminar lifted flames, the kinetic enhancement by O-3 also induced changes to the hydrodynamics at the flame front which provided additional enhancement of the flame propagation speed. The present results will have a direct impact on the development of detailed plasma-flame kinetic mechanisms and provided a foundation for the study of combustion enhancement by O-2(a(1) Delta(g)) in part II of this investigation. (C) 2010 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Ombrello, Timothy; Williams, Skip] USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Ombrello, Timothy; Won, Sang Hee; Ju, Yiguang] Engn Quadrangle, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Ombrello, T (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, 1950 5th St,Bldg 18 D,Room D229, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM timothy.ombrello@wpafb.af.mil; sangwon@prin-ceton.edu; yju@princeton.edu; skip.williams@maui.afmc.af.mil RI Won, Sang Hee/B-4839-2012 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-07-1-0136]; National Research Council at the United States Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base FX This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research with grant number FA9550-07-1-0136 and the AFOSR MURI research grant on plasma-assisted combustion under the technical monitor of program manager Dr. Julian Tishkoff. Part of the research was performed while the corresponding author held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the United States Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base. The authors wish to thank Mr. Dmitry Opaits for his expertise and help with the ozone generation and Dr. Campbell Carter for insightful discussions. NR 54 TC 82 Z9 92 U1 7 U2 43 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD OCT PY 2010 VL 157 IS 10 BP 1906 EP 1915 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2010.02.005 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 643YR UT WOS:000281337800010 ER PT J AU Ombrello, T Won, SH Ju, YG Williams, S AF Ombrello, Timothy Won, Sang Hee Ju, Yiguang Williams, Skip TI Flame propagation enhancement by plasma excitation of oxygen. Part II: Effects of O-2(a(1)Delta(g)) SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE Plasma-assisted combustion; Singlet delta oxygen; Flame propagation enhancement; Flame speed enhancement; Lifted flame; Tribrachial flame ID SINGLET MOLECULAR-OXYGEN; HYDROGEN-AIR MIXTURE; GLIDING ARC PLASMA; COMBUSTION ENHANCEMENT; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; ELECTRICAL-DISCHARGE; TRIBRACHIAL FLAMES; LASER-RADIATION; SUPERSONIC-FLOW; RATE CONSTANTS AB The isolated effect of O-2(a(1)Delta(g)) on the propagation of C2H4 lifted flames was studied at reduced pressures (3.61 kPa and 6.73 kPa). The O-2(a(1)Delta(g)) was produced in a microwave discharge plasma and was isolated from O and O-3 by NO addition to the plasma afterglow in a flow residence time on the order of 1 s. The concentrations of O-2(a(1)Delta(g)) and O-3 were measured quantitatively through absorption by sensitive off-axis integrated-cavity-output spectroscopy and one-pass line-of-sight absorption, respectively. Under these conditions, it was found that O-2(a(1)Delta(g)) enhanced the propagation speed of C2H4 lifted flames. Comparison with the results of enhancement by O-3 found in part I of this investigation provided an estimation of 2-3% of flame speed enhancement for 5500 ppm of O-2(a(1)Delta(g)) addition from the plasma. Numerical simulation results using the current kinetic model of O-2(a(1)Delta(g)) over-predicts the flame propagation enhancement found in the experiments. However, the inclusion of collisional quenching rate estimations of O-2(a(1)Delta(g)) by C2H4 mitigated the over-prediction. The present isolated experimental results of the enhancement of a hydrocarbon fueled flame by O-2(a(1)Delta(g)) along with kinetic modeling results suggest that further studies of CnHn + O-2(a(1)Delta(g)) collisional and reactive quenching are required in order to correctly predict combustion enhancement by O-2(a(1)Delta(g)). The present experimental results will have a direct impact on the development of elementary reaction rates with O-2(a(1)Delta(g)) at flame conditions to establish detailed plasma-flame kinetic mechanisms. (C) 2010 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Ombrello, Timothy; Williams, Skip] USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Ombrello, Timothy; Won, Sang Hee; Ju, Yiguang] Engn Quadrangle, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Ombrello, T (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Propuls Directorate, 1950 5th St,Bldg 18 D,Room D229, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM timothy.ombrello@wpafb.af.mil; sangwon@princeton.edu; yju@princeton.edu; skip.williams@maui.afmc.af.mil RI Won, Sang Hee/B-4839-2012 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-07-1-0136]; National Research Council Research at the United States Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base FX This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Award Number FA9550-07-1-0136) under program manager Dr. Julian Tishkoff and Dr. Michael Berman, as well as the AFOSR MURI research grant on plasma-assisted combustion. Part of the research was performed while the corresponding author held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the United States Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base. The authors wish to thank Dr. Campbell Carter for insightful discussions and Mr. Wenting Sun for his help with some of the experiments. NR 58 TC 77 Z9 85 U1 5 U2 49 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD OCT PY 2010 VL 157 IS 10 BP 1916 EP 1928 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2010.02.004 PG 13 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 643YR UT WOS:000281337800011 ER PT J AU Stanford, B Beran, P Kurdi, M AF Stanford, Bret Beran, Philip Kurdi, Mohammad TI Adjoint sensitivities of time-periodic nonlinear structural dynamics via model reduction SO COMPUTERS & STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE Nonlinear structural dynamics; Adjoint derivatives; Model reduction; Spectral elements ID FINITE-ELEMENT; SYSTEMS AB This work details a comparative analysis of six methods for computing the transient system response and adjoint design derivatives of a nonlinear structure under a periodic external actuation. Time marching via implicit integration, a time-periodic spectral element method, and a time-periodic finite difference method are all considered, each with or without POD-based model reduction of the system of equations. Details of each method, and the concomitant adjoint sensitivities, are provided in terms of accuracy, stability, and Jacobian sparsity patterns. Each method is used for a gradient-based optimization of a nonlinear planar beam, periodically actuated at its root, subject to a large number of structural design parameters. The method with the lowest computational design cost is found to be a strong function of the harmonic content and the nonlinearity of the transient response. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Stanford, Bret; Beran, Philip; Kurdi, Mohammad] USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Stanford, B (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM bret.stanford@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [09VA01COR, 03VA01COR]; National Research Council FX This work is sponsored by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Laboratory Task 09VA01COR monitored by Dr. Doug Smith, as well as Laboratory Task 03VA01COR monitored by Dr. Fariba Fahroo. The research was performed while the first and third authors held a National Research Council Associateship Award at AFRL. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-7949 J9 COMPUT STRUCT JI Comput. Struct. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 88 IS 19-20 BP 1110 EP 1123 DI 10.1016/j.compstruc.2010.06.012 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Civil SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 653IE UT WOS:000282081900005 ER PT J AU Pilchak, AL Young, AH Williams, JC AF Pilchak, A. L. Young, A. H. Williams, J. C. TI Stress corrosion cracking facet crystallography of Ti-8Al-1Mo-1V SO CORROSION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Titanium; SEM; Stress corrosion cracking; Hydrogen embrittlement ID ALPHA-TITANIUM; FRACTURE FACETS; TI-6242 ALLOY; TI-6AL-4V; HYDROGEN; DEFORMATION; GROWTH; ORIENTATION; MECHANISM AB The spatial and crystallographic orientations of facets formed during stress corrosion cracking of Ti-8Al-1Mo-1V have been characterized using quantitative fractography and electron backscatter diffraction. The results indicate that most facets are formed nearly perpendicular to the loading direction on irrational {h k i l) planes. The facets were imaged with high resolution scanning electron microscopy and were found to contain evidence of localized plastic flow despite their "brittle" appearance at moderate magnification. Some fracture planes were related to titanium hydride habit planes, however, the mechanism of faceted growth does not appear to involve hydride nucleation, growth, and fracture, but rather hydrogen enhanced localized plasticity. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Pilchak, A. L.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Pilchak, A. L.] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Young, A. H.; Williams, J. C.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Pilchak, AL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, 2230 Tenth St,Bldg 655 Rm 126, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM adam.pilchak@wpafb.af.mil RI Young, Adam/C-7173-2013 FU Federal Aviation Administration [08-G-009]; Air Force Research Laboratory; Air Force [FA8650-07-D-5800] FX The authors would like to thank Dr. S. Fox (Timet, Henderson, Nevada) for providing the Ti-811 bar stock used in this work. The authors are grateful to the Federal Aviation Administration (Grant 08-G-009) for funding this work. One of the authors (ALP) would also like to acknowledge the encouragement and support of the Air Force Research Laboratory management and Air Force contract FA8650-07-D-5800 during the preparation of this manuscript. NR 38 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0010-938X J9 CORROS SCI JI Corrosion Sci. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 52 IS 10 BP 3287 EP 3296 DI 10.1016/j.corsci.2010.05.046 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 643RG UT WOS:000281315500017 ER PT J AU Ivnitski, DM Khripin, C Luckarift, HR Johnson, GR Atanassov, P AF Ivnitski, Dmitri M. Khripin, Constantine Luckarift, Heather R. Johnson, Glenn R. Atanassov, Plamen TI Surface characterization and direct bioelectrocatalysis of multicopper oxidases SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE Laccase; Bilirubin oxidase; Ascorbate oxidase; Bio-cathode; Enzymatic fuel cell ID DIRECT ELECTRON-TRANSFER; RHUS-VERNICIFERA LACCASE; TRAMETES-HIRSUTA LACCASE; MODIFIED GOLD ELECTRODES; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; COPPER ACTIVE-SITE; BILIRUBIN OXIDASE; ASCORBATE OXIDASE; BIOFUEL CELLS; FUNGAL LACCASES AB Multicopper oxidases (MCO) have been extensively studied as oxygen reduction catalysts for cathodic reactions in biofuel cells Theoretically. direct electron transfer between an enzyme and electrode offers optimal energy conversion efficiency providing that the enzyme/electrode interface can be engineered to establish efficient electrical communication. In this study, the direct bioelectrocatalysts of three MCO (Laccase from Trametes versicolor, bilirubin oxidase (BOD) from the fungi Myrothecium verrucaria and ascorbate oxidase(AOx) from Cucurbita sp.) was investigated and compared as oxygen reduction Protein film voltammetry and electrochemical characterization of the MCO electrodes showed that DET had been successfully established in all cases. Atomic force microscopy imaging and force measurements indicated that enzyme was immobilized as a monolayer on the electrode surface Evidence for three clearly separated anodic and cathodic redox events related to the Type 1 (T1) and the trinculear copper centers (T2, T3) of various MCO was observed. The redox potential of the T1 center was strongly modulated by physiological factors including pH, anaerobic and aerobic conditions and the presence of inhibitor S. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved. C1 [Ivnitski, Dmitri M.; Khripin, Constantine; Atanassov, Plamen] Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Ivnitski, Dmitri M.; Luckarift, Heather R.; Johnson, Glenn R.] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RXQL Microbiol & Appl Biochem, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. [Luckarift, Heather R.] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Ivnitski, DM (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RI Atanassov, Plamen/G-4616-2011; Milton, Ross/J-7164-2012 FU Bio/Nano Architectures (UNM) [MR 2D100] FX This work was supported by a grant from MR 2D100 Bio/Nano Architectures (UNM). Support for AFRL work was provided by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and the AFRL-Materials and Manufacturing Directorate NR 81 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 7 U2 31 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-4686 EI 1873-3859 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 55 IS 24 BP 7385 EP 7393 DI 10.1016/j.electacta.2010.07.026 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 660DJ UT WOS:000282619300034 ER PT J AU Meier, W Boxx, I Stohr, M Carter, CD AF Meier, W. Boxx, I. Stoehr, M. Carter, C. D. TI Laser-based investigations in gas turbine model combustors SO EXPERIMENTS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID VELOCITY-FIELD MEASUREMENTS; TURBULENT PREMIXED FLAMES; JET DIFFUSION FLAME; INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; RAMAN-SCATTERING; PIV MEASUREMENTS; REPETITION-RATE; SWIRL FLAMES; SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS; FLOW-FIELD AB Dynamic processes in gas turbine (GT) combustors play a key role in flame stabilization and extinction, combustion instabilities and pollutant formation, and present a challenge for experimental as well as numerical investigations. These phenomena were investigated in two gas turbine model combustors for premixed and partially premixed CH(4)/air swirl flames at atmospheric pressure. Optical access through large quartz windows enabled the application of laser Raman scattering, planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) of OH, particle image velocimetry (PIV) at repetition rates up to 10 kHz and the simultaneous application of OH PLIF and PIV at a repetition rate of 5 kHz. Effects of unmixedness and reaction progress in lean premixed GT flames were revealed and quantified by Raman scattering. In a thermo-acoustically unstable flame, the cyclic variation in mixture fraction and its role for the feedback mechanism of the instability are addressed. In a partially premixed oscillating swirl flame, the cyclic variations of the heat release and the flow field were characterized by chemiluminescence imaging and PIV, respectively. Using phase-correlated Raman scattering measurements, significant phase-dependent variations of the mixture fraction and fuel distributions were revealed. The flame structures and the shape of the reaction zones were visualized by planar imaging of OH distribution. The simultaneous OH PLIF/PIV high-speed measurements revealed the time history of the flow field-flame interaction and demonstrated the development of a local flame extinction event. Further, the influence of a precessing vortex core on the flame topology and its dynamics is discussed. C1 [Meier, W.; Boxx, I.; Stoehr, M.] Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt DLR, Inst Verbrennungstech, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. [Carter, C. D.] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Meier, W (reprint author), Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt DLR, Inst Verbrennungstech, Pfaffenwaldring 38, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. EM wolfgang.meier@dlr.de FU DLR FX The authors thank Rajesh Sadanandan for his contribution to OH LIF measurements, Adam Steinberg for the analysis of part of the high-speed measurements and Peter Weigand and Xuru Duan for the participation in the Raman experiments. The financial support within the DLR project MVS is gratefully acknowledged. NR 70 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0723-4864 J9 EXP FLUIDS JI Exp. Fluids PD OCT PY 2010 VL 49 IS 4 BP 865 EP 882 DI 10.1007/s00348-010-0889-x PG 18 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 655BE UT WOS:000282215500011 ER PT J AU Linne, M Sedarsky, D Meyer, T Gord, J Carter, C AF Linne, Mark Sedarsky, David Meyer, Terrence Gord, James Carter, Campbell TI Ballistic imaging in the near-field of an effervescent spray SO EXPERIMENTS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID DENSE SPRAYS; LIQUID JETS; CROSS-FLOW; BREAKUP; INJECTOR AB We have investigated liquid breakup mechanisms in the near nozzle region of a high-pressure effervescent atomizer using ballistic imaging. This technique has revealed various breakup regimes depending upon total flow rate and the gas-to-liquid ratio (GLR). At low total speeds, the jet does not exhibit the wide spread angle and rapid breakup for which effervescent sprays are known, even at high GLR. Above a distinct threshold value for total flow rate, the jet passes through several recognizable flow regimes depending on GLR and it does achieve the expected wide spread angle and rapid breakup. Intermediate GLR's produce interesting flow patterns that seem to be generated by surging at the nozzle exit, and this surging can probably be attributed to the flow pattern just at the nozzle exit. Indeed, specific interior flows seem to generate the most rapid breakup and should be investigated further. C1 [Linne, Mark] Chalmers Univ, Dept Appl Mech, Div Combust, Gothenburg, Sweden. [Sedarsky, David] Lund Univ, Lund, Sweden. [Meyer, Terrence] Iowa State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Ames, IA USA. [Gord, James; Carter, Campbell] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. RP Linne, M (reprint author), Chalmers Univ, Dept Appl Mech, Div Combust, Gothenburg, Sweden. EM mark.linne@chalmers.se RI Meyer, Terrence/F-1556-2011; OI Sedarsky, David/0000-0003-3012-9596 FU Swedish Research Council [621-2004-5504]; Air Force EOARD [FA8655-06-1-3031]; Air Force Research Laboratory; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The authors are grateful for technical assistance from Dr. Shukesh Roy (Spectral Energies, LLC), Mr. Kyle Frische (Innovative Scientific Solutions Inc.), Ms. Amy Lynch (Air Force Research Laboratories), and Dr. K-C. (Stephen) Lin (Taitech Inc.). Dr. Sedarsky was supported by the Swedish Research Council grant no. 621-2004-5504 and Air Force EOARD grant no. FA8655-06-1-3031. Equipment and funding was also provided in part by the Air Force Research Laboratory SBIR program (Barry Kiel, Program Manager) and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Drs. Julian Tishkoff and Mitat Birkan, Program Managers). NR 14 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0723-4864 J9 EXP FLUIDS JI Exp. Fluids PD OCT PY 2010 VL 49 IS 4 BP 911 EP 923 DI 10.1007/s00348-010-0883-3 PG 13 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 655BE UT WOS:000282215500013 ER PT J AU Hsu, PS Patnaik, AK Gord, JR Meyer, TR Kulatilaka, WD Roy, S AF Hsu, Paul S. Patnaik, Anil K. Gord, James R. Meyer, Terrence R. Kulatilaka, Waruna D. Roy, Sukesh TI Investigation of optical fibers for coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) spectroscopy in reacting flows SO EXPERIMENTS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID PHOTONIC-CRYSTAL FIBERS; PARTICLE IMAGE VELOCIMETRY; MODELESS DYE-LASER; CORE WAVE-GUIDES; Q-SWITCHED ND; DELIVERY-SYSTEM; SINGLE-MODE; NANOSECOND PULSES; DAMAGE; PICOSECOND AB The objective of this work is to investigate the feasibility of intense laser-beam propagation through optical fibers for temperature and species concentration measurements in gas-phase reacting flows using coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) spectroscopy. In particular, damage thresholds of fibers, nonlinear effects during beam propagation, and beam quality at the output of the fibers are studied for the propagation of nanosecond (ns) and picosecond (ps) laser beams. It is observed that ps pulses are better suited for fiber-based nonlinear optical spectroscopic techniques, which generally depend on laser irradiance rather than fluence. A ps fiber-coupled CARS system using multimode step-index fibers is developed. Temperature measurements using this system are demonstrated in an atmospheric pressure, near-adiabatic laboratory flame. Proof-of-concept measurements show significant promise for fiber-based CARS spectroscopy in harsh combustion environments. Furthermore, since ps-CARS spectroscopy allows the suppression of non-resonant background, this technique could be utilized for improving the sensitivity and accuracy of CARS thermometry in high-pressure hydrocarbon-fueled combustors. C1 [Kulatilaka, Waruna D.; Roy, Sukesh] Spectral Energies LLC, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Hsu, Paul S.] Spectral Energies LLC, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Patnaik, Anil K.; Gord, James R.] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Meyer, Terrence R.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Roy, S (reprint author), Spectral Energies LLC, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM sroy@woh.rr.com RI Meyer, Terrence/F-1556-2011 FU Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) [FA9101-09-C-0031, FA8650-09-C-2001]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The authors gratefully acknowledge useful discussions with Prof. Thomas Seeger of the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Prof. Margaret M. Murnane of the University of Colorado/JILA, and Dr. Hans Stauffer and Ms. Amy Lynch of the Air Force Research Laboratory. The authors thank Mr. Shuvro Roy for the help with the experimental setup. Funding for this research was provided by the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) under Contract Nos. FA9101-09-C-0031 and FA8650-09-C-2001 and by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Dr. Julian Tishkoff and Dr. Tatjana Curcic, Program Managers). NR 73 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0723-4864 J9 EXP FLUIDS JI Exp. Fluids PD OCT PY 2010 VL 49 IS 4 BP 969 EP 984 DI 10.1007/s00348-010-0961-6 PG 16 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 655BE UT WOS:000282215500018 ER PT J AU Stormont, JC Henry, KS Pease, RE AF Stormont, J. C. Henry, K. S. Pease, R. E. TI Draining unsaturated soils with geosynthetics SO GEOSYNTHETICS INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Geosynthetics; Drainage; Unsaturated soil; Capillary barrier; Unsaturated flow ID CAPILLARY BARRIERS; WATER; GEOTEXTILE; DIVERSION AB The geocomposite capillary barrier drain (GCBD) comprises three layers that are, from top to bottom: a transport layer (a specially designed geotextile), a capillary barrier (a geonet), and a separator (geotextile). The GCBD was developed as a means to remove water from unsaturated soils. The transport layer removes water under negative pressures, the capillary barrier stops upward and downward unsaturated flow of water from adjacent layers, and the separator prevents underlying soil from intruding into the capillary barrier. This paper summarizes investigations and proof-of-concept studies related to the development of the GCBD, including laboratory and field studies. Capillary rise, moisture characteristic curves, and unsaturated transmissivity measurements were used to select candidate transport layers for evaluation in GCBD systems. Large-scale laboratory tests of pavement sections indicate that, when placed between a pavement base and subgrade, the GCBD will: (1) accelerate the draining and drying of the base; and (2) reduce subgrade wetting. Subsequent field studies validate these conclusions, and confirm that pavement sections with a GCBD system have lower water contents. C1 [Stormont, J. C.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Civil Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Henry, K. S.] USAF Acad, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Colorado Springs, CO USA. [Pease, R. E.] DBS&A, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Stormont, JC (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Civil Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM jcstorm@unm.edu; karen.henry@usafa.edu; epease@unm.edu NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU THOMAS TELFORD PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA THOMAS TELFORD HOUSE, 1 HERON QUAY, LONDON E14 4JD, ENGLAND SN 1072-6349 J9 GEOSYNTH INT JI Geosynth. Int. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 17 IS 5 BP 332 EP 343 DI 10.1680/gein.2010.17.5.332 PG 12 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology; Materials Science GA 657AD UT WOS:000282381500006 ER PT J AU Suri, N Benincasa, G Tortonesi, M Stefanelli, C Kovach, J Winkler, R Kohler, R Hanna, J Pochet, L Watson, S AF Suri, Niranjan Benincasa, Giacomo Tortonesi, Mauro Stefanelli, Cesare Kovach, Jesse Winkler, Robert Kohler, Ralph Hanna, James Pochet, Louis Watson, Scott TI Peer-to-Peer Communications for Tactical Environments: Observations, Requirements, and Experiences SO IEEE COMMUNICATIONS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article AB Tactical edge networks present extremely challenging environments for communications given their wireless ad hoc nature and the inherent node mobility. Military applications such as Blue Force Tracking, inter-team communications, remote unmanned vehicle control, and sensor data mining/fusion thus have to deal with unstable links with limited bandwidth and variable latency. The peculiar characteristics of tactical networks call for peer-to-peer approaches to realize complex, adaptive, and fault-tolerant applications to be deployed in the battlefield. This article reports on our observations from several tactical networking experiments in which we have deployed state-of-the-art applications and services that leverage P2P communications. More specifically, we discuss why P2P approaches are critical for tactical network environments and applications. We then analyze the requirements that should be satisfied by P2P middleware for tactical environments. Finally, we discuss a case study, the Agile Computing Middleware, and present experimental results that demonstrate its effectiveness. C1 [Tortonesi, Mauro; Stefanelli, Cesare] Univ Ferrara, Dept Engn, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. [Kovach, Jesse] USA, Res Lab, Battlefield Informat Proc Branch, Washington, DC USA. [Kohler, Ralph; Hanna, James] USAF, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Winkler, Robert] USA, Res Labs, Washington, DC USA. EM nsuri@ihmc.us; gbenincasa@ihmc.us; mauro.tortonesi@unife.it; cesare.stefanelli@unife.it; jkovach@arl.army.mil; winkler@arl.army.mil; Ralph.Kohler@rl.af.mil; james.hanna@rl.af.mil; loupochet@gmail.com; scott.c.watson@navy.mil OI Tortonesi, Mauro/0000-0002-7417-4455; Benincasa, Giacomo/0000-0002-6357-9043 FU U.S. Army Research Laboratory [W911NF-04-2-0013, DAAD19-01-2-0009]; Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8750-06-2-0064]; Office of Naval Research [N000140910012] FX This research was sponsored in part by the U.S. Army Research Laboratory under Cooperative Agreement W911NF-04-2-0013, by the U.S. Army Research Laboratory under the Collaborative Technology Alliance Program, Cooperative Agreement DAAD19-01-2-0009, by the Air Force Research Laboratory under Cooperative Agreement FA8750-06-2-0064, and by the Office of Naval Research under grant N000140910012. Figure 1 is courtesy of William Howell, Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition. NR 9 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0163-6804 J9 IEEE COMMUN MAG JI IEEE Commun. Mag. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 48 IS 10 BP 60 EP 69 DI 10.1109/MCOM.2010.5594678 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 669QM UT WOS:000283365300005 ER PT J AU Linden, KJ Neal, WR Ta, T Feeler, R Ross, S AF Linden, Kurt J. Neal, William R. Ta, Tri Feeler, Ryan Ross, Sean TI Kilowatt CW Cryogenic 940-nm Diode Lasers SO IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Cryogenics; disk lasers; optical pumps; semiconductor lasers AB Cryogenically cooled high-power Yb:YAG disk lasers are ideally optically pumped with cryogenically cooled 940-nm diode lasers, but commercially available diode lasers are not optimized for 940-nm cryogenic emission. Special epitaxial designs were used to fabricate diode laser arrays which were mounted on liquid nitrogen impingement heat exchangers. The improved cryogenic thermal characteristics resulted in reduced laser threshold currents and CW operating powers > 1 kW for diode laser arrays with a 1 x 5 cm footprint. The industrial availability of liquid nitrogen makes this mode of operation an excellent candidate for industrial lasers, eliminating large, noisy, expensive and inefficient water-cooled heat exchangers. C1 [Linden, Kurt J.; Neal, William R.] Spire Corp, Bedford, MA 01730 USA. [Ta, Tri] Spire Semicond, Hudson, NH 03051 USA. [Feeler, Ryan] Northrop Grumman Cutting Edge Optron, St Charles, MO 63301 USA. [Ross, Sean] USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Linden, KJ (reprint author), Spire Corp, Patriots Pk, Bedford, MA 01730 USA. EM klinden@spirecorp.com; wneal@spirecorp.com; tta@spiresemi.com; ryan.feeler@ngc.com; sean.ross@kirtland.af.mil FU Air Force Research Laboratory [FA9451-09-C-0005] FX This work was supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory under Phase II SBIR Contract FA9451-09-C-0005. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1041-1135 J9 IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L JI IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 22 IS 19 BP 1452 EP 1454 DI 10.1109/LPT.2010.2060718 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 668HE UT WOS:000283258400008 ER PT J AU Kirawanich, P Pausawasdi, N Srisawat, C Yakura, SJ Islam, NE AF Kirawanich, Phumin Pausawasdi, Nonthalee Srisawat, Chatchawan Yakura, Susumu J. Islam, Naz E. TI An FDTD Interaction Scheme of a High-Intensity Nanosecond-Pulsed Electric-Field System for In Vitro Cell Apoptosis Applications SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method; nanosecond-pulsed electric field (nsPEF); pulse-forming line (PFL) ID BIOLOGICAL CELLS; EXPOSURE; TISSUES AB A finite-difference time-domain analysis of a high-intensity nanosecond-pulsed electric-field (nsPEF) system, composed of a pulse-forming line (PFL) and a universal electroporation cuvette, is described. The simulation scheme is based on interactions of 1-D transmission-line equations for the PFL and 3-D Maxwell's curl equations for the cuvette volume. Simulations incorporate system adjustment to facilitate maximum transfer of electrical energy from the PFL to the cuvette medium. Experimental validation of the voltage across the cuvette electrodes through the laboratory-constructed nsPEF system with an energy density of similar to 1 J/cm(3) reveals an overall agreement with some discrepancies. The distribution profiles of the transient field inside the cell suspension area during the excitation of 5-kV 10-ns pulses would adequately account for the feasibility of using an integrated model as a design benchmark for the interaction physics of the generated nanosecond pulses and culture vessel. The observed nsPEF effects on cells include increased transmembrane potentials across organelle membranes without permanently damaging the cell membrane, increasing the probability of electric field interactions with intracellular structures. C1 [Kirawanich, Phumin] Mahidol Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Salaya 73170, Thailand. [Pausawasdi, Nonthalee] Mahidol Univ, Fac Med, Siriraj Hosp, Dept Med, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. [Srisawat, Chatchawan] Mahidol Univ, Fac Med, Siriraj Hosp, Dept Biochem, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. [Yakura, Susumu J.] USAF, Res Lab, Modeling & Effects Branch, High Power Microwave Div,Directed Energy Director, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. [Islam, Naz E.] Univ Missouri, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. RP Kirawanich, P (reprint author), Mahidol Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Salaya 73170, Thailand. EM egphumin@staff2.mahidol.ac.th; sinpsw@mahidol.ac.th; sicss@mahidol.ac.th; susumu.yakura@kirtland.af.mil; islamn@missouri.edu FU The Medical Association of Thailand FX This work was supported by The Medical Association of Thailand. NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 38 IS 10 BP 2574 EP 2582 DI 10.1109/TPS.2009.2038916 PN 1 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 670LE UT WOS:000283422400011 ER PT J AU Domonkos, MT Heidger, S Brown, D Parker, JV Gregg, CW Slenes, K Hackenberger, W Kwon, S Loree, E Tran, T AF Domonkos, Matthew T. Heidger, Susan Brown, Darwin Parker, Jerald V. Gregg, Carl W. Slenes, Kirk Hackenberger, Wes Kwon, Seongtae Loree, Ellis Tran, Tyrone TI Submicrosecond Pulsed Power Capacitors Based on Novel Ceramic Technologies SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Capacitors; life estimation; pulse power systems ID DIELECTRIC-CONSTANT; FILMS AB Capacitor energy density for submicrosecond discharge applications was investigated for capacitors based on the following: 1) polymer-ceramic nanocomposite (PCNC); 2) antiferroelectric (AFE); and 3) paraelectric (PE) ceramic dielectrics. The developmental PCNC dielectric enabled design, fabrication, and testing iterations to be completed relatively rapidly. The PCNC capacitors were nominally 4 nF and were tested to dc potentials of at least 75 kV. The capacitors were then charged from 20 to 48 kV with a dc high-voltage power supply and discharged into a nearly critically damped test circuit of up to 5 pulses/s (pps) repetition rate for lifetime testing. The discharge time was 65 ns. Shot life as a function of the charge voltage was compared for three design iterations. Changes in the manufacturing of the PCNC capacitors have yielded up to 100x improvements in pulse discharge life. The 1-2-kV prototype, nonlinear (antiferroelectric and paraelectric) multilayer ceramic capacitors had zero-voltage capacitance ratings of between 60 and 300 nF. They were charged to their operating voltage and discharged into a nearly critically damped load in 2-6 mu s, depending on their capacitance, at repetition rates of up to 75 pps. Their operating voltage for fast, repetitive discharge was determined for lifetimes consistently over 105 shots. Discharge energy densities of 0.27-1.80 J/cc and energy losses of 7.9-36.8% were obtained for the packaged multilayer capacitors with different formulations of nonlinear dielectrics. Increased field-induced strain was correlated with increased permittivity and contributed to the limitations on the operating voltage. Multilayer ceramic capacitors fabricated from AFE and PE ceramic dielectrics have the potential to achieve high energy density owing to their high relative permittivities that vary with applied electric field, assuming they can be scaled up to sufficiently high voltages. C1 [Domonkos, Matthew T.; Heidger, Susan; Tran, Tyrone] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Brown, Darwin; Parker, Jerald V.; Gregg, Carl W.] SAIC, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Slenes, Kirk] TPL Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87109 USA. [Hackenberger, Wes] TRS Technol Inc, State Coll, PA 16801 USA. [Loree, Ellis] Loree Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87109 USA. RP Domonkos, MT (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM AFRL/RDHPWorkflowOrgMailbox@kirtland.af.mil FU Air Force Research Laboratory FX Manuscript received October 26, 2009; revised February 18, 2010; accepted April 7, 2010. Date of publication May 24, 2010; date of current version October 8, 2010. This work was supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory. NR 14 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 14 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 38 IS 10 BP 2686 EP 2693 DI 10.1109/TPS.2010.2049124 PN 1 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 670LE UT WOS:000283422400027 ER PT J AU Veth, MJ Martin, RK Pachter, M AF Veth, Michael J. Martin, Richard K. Pachter, Meir TI Anti-Temporal-Aliasing Constraints for Image-Based Feature Tracking Applications With and Without Inertial Aiding SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Image processing; machine vision; navigation AB Image-aided navigation techniques can determine the navigation solution (position, velocity, and attitude) by observing a sequence of images from an optical sensor over time. This operation is based on tracking the location of stationary objects in multiple images, which requires solving the correspondence problem. This paper enhances previous research efforts to characterize the correspondence problem using fundamental optical principles and statistical temporal sampling theory by including a rigorous derivation of the Nyquist constraint in pixel space. This development results in a general temporal sampling constraint and reveals the essential connection between the deleterious effects of temporal aliasing and the ambiguities that plague the correspondence search problem. This temporal image sampling constraint is expressed as a function of the navigation trajectory for elementary camera motions. The predicted temporal sampling (also known as frame) rates are on the order of those needed for adaptive optics control systems and require very large bandwidths. The temporal image sampling constraint is then reevaluated by incorporating inertial measurements. The incorporation of inertial measurements is shown to reduce the required temporal sampling rate to practical levels, which evidences the fundamental synergy between image and inertial sensors for navigation and serves as the basis for a real-time adaptive antialiasing strategy. C1 [Veth, Michael J.; Martin, Richard K.; Pachter, Meir] USAF, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM michael.veth@afit.edu; richard.martin@afit.edu; meir.pachter@afit.edu NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9545 J9 IEEE T VEH TECHNOL JI IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 59 IS 8 BP 3744 EP 3756 DI 10.1109/TVT.2010.2060740 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Telecommunications; Transportation GA 670QT UT WOS:000283443100007 ER PT J AU Nguyen, KA Day, PN Pachter, R AF Nguyen, Kiet A. Day, Paul N. Pachter, Ruth TI Analytical Energy Gradients of Coulomb-Attenuated Time-Dependent Density Functional Methods for Excited States SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF QUANTUM CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Application of the Density Functional Theory to Chemistry and Physics CY AUG 31-SEP 01, 2009 CL Lyon, FRANCE DE TDDFT; gradient; long-range corrected functional; Coulomb-attenuated functional; quadratic response ID INTRAMOLECULAR CHARGE-TRANSFER; EXCITATION-ENERGIES; JET; APPROXIMATION; ORBITALS; 4-DIMETHYLAMINOBENZONITRILE; SPECTROSCOPY; ABSORPTION; MOLECULES; STILBENES AB We present an implementation and validation of the analytical energy gradient of time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) using Coulomb-attenuated (CA) functionals for excited state energies, dipole moments, geometries, and vibrational frequencies. The CA-TDDFT gradient is based on the previous long-range corrected TDDFT of (Chiba et al. J Chem Phys 2006, 124, 144106) and the Z-vector formalism of (Furche and Ahlrichs J Chem Phys 2002, 117, 7433). Geometry optimization using CA-TDDFT was carried out for molecules (substituted stilbenes and coumarins) having intramolecular charge-transfer excited states and for a series of small molecules (CO, HCN, CH2O, CH2S, CCl2, C2H2, trans-(CHO)(2)). We assess the results of the CA functionals, the long-range corrected LC-BLYP functional, and the B3LYP hybrid functional, by comparing to accurate experimental data. The results highlight the applicabilty of different functionals for excited state properties. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem 110:2247-2255, 2010 C1 [Nguyen, Kiet A.; Day, Paul N.; Pachter, Ruth] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Nguyen, Kiet A.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Day, Paul N.] Gen Dynam Informat Technol Inc, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. RP Nguyen, KA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM kiet.nguyen@wpafb.af.mil; Paul.Day@wpafb.af.mil; ruth.pachter@wpafb.af.mil NR 39 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0020-7608 EI 1097-461X J9 INT J QUANTUM CHEM JI Int. J. Quantum Chem. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 110 IS 12 SI SI BP 2247 EP 2255 DI 10.1002/qua.22599 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Mathematics; Physics GA 638JE UT WOS:000280889600016 ER PT J AU Walker, TB Smith, J Herrera, M Lebegue, B Pinchak, A Fischer, J AF Walker, Thomas B. Smith, Jessica Herrera, Monica Lebegue, Breck Pinchak, Andrea Fischer, Joseph TI The Influence of 8 Weeks of Whey-Protein and Leucine Supplementation on Physical and Cognitive Performance SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORT NUTRITION AND EXERCISE METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE nutritional supplementation; exercise; body composition; ergogenics ID AMINO-ACID SUPPLEMENTATION; EXERCISE; MUSCLE; PLASMA; STRENGTH; CREATINE; FATIGUE; ISOLATE; MASS AB The purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of whey-protein and leucine supplementation to enhance physical and cognitive performance and body composition. Thirty moderately fit participants completed a modified Air Force fitness test, a computer-based cognition test, and a dual-energy X-ray-absorptiometry scan for body composition before and after supplementing their daily diet for 8 wk with either 19.7 g of whey protein and 6.2 g leucine (WPL) or a calorie-equivalent placebo (P). Bench-press performance increased significantly from Week 1 to Week 8 in the WPL group, whereas the increase in the P group was not significant. Push-up performance increased significantly for WPL, and P showed a nonsignificant increase. Total mass, fat-free mass, and lean body mass all increased significantly in the WPL group but showed no change in the P group. No differences were observed within or between groups for crunches, chin-ups, 3-mile-run time, or cognition. The authors conclude that supplementing with whey protein and leucine may provide an advantage to people whose performance benefits from increased upper body strength and/or lean body mass. C1 [Walker, Thomas B.; Smith, Jessica; Herrera, Monica; Lebegue, Breck; Pinchak, Andrea] USAF, Res Lab, San Antonio, TX USA. [Fischer, Joseph] Gen Dynam Adv Informat Serv, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Walker, TB (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, San Antonio, TX USA. FU General Nutrition Centers, Inc. FX This study was funded in part by a grant from General Nutrition Centers, Inc. NR 26 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 9 U2 35 PU HUMAN KINETICS PUBL INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1607 N MARKET ST, PO BOX 5076, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820-2200 USA SN 1526-484X J9 INT J SPORT NUTR EXE JI Int. J. Sport Nutr. Exerc. Metab. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 20 IS 5 BP 409 EP 417 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics; Sport Sciences SC Nutrition & Dietetics; Sport Sciences GA 658XE UT WOS:000282526900006 PM 20975109 ER PT J AU Mathew, SD Bristow, K Higgs, J AF Mathew, Stephanie D. Bristow, Kelly Higgs, Jay TI Giant Cell Arteritis Presenting as Ageusia and Lower Extremity Claudication SO JCR-JOURNAL OF CLINICAL RHEUMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RHEUMATOLOGY 1990 CRITERIA; FOLLOW-UP; CLASSIFICATION C1 [Mathew, Stephanie D.; Higgs, Jay] USAF, Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Bristow, Kelly] USAF, Wilford Hall Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX USA. RP Mathew, SD (reprint author), USAF, Brooke Army Med Ctr, 3750 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM Stephanie.Mathew@amedd.army.mil NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-1608 J9 JCR-J CLIN RHEUMATOL JI JCR-J. Clin. Rheumatol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 16 IS 7 BP 343 EP 344 DI 10.1097/RHU.0b013e3181f4e100 PG 2 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 658SA UT WOS:000282508500011 PM 20859219 ER PT J AU Ballard, DL Pilchak, AL AF Ballard, Donna L. Pilchak, Adam L. TI The use of precious-metal-modified nickel-based superalloys for thin gage applications SO JOM LA English DT Article ID THERMAL PROTECTION SYSTEM; PLATINUM; ALLOYS AB Precious-metal-modified nickel-based superalloys are being investigated for use in thin gage applications, such as thermal protection systems or heat exchangers, due to their strength and inherent oxidation resistance at temperatures in excess of 1,050A degrees C. This overview paper summarizes the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) interest in experimental two-phase gamma-Ni + gamma'-Ni(3)Al superalloys. The AFRL is interested in alloys with a based composition of Ni-15Al-5Cr (at. %) with carbon, boron, and zirconium additions for grain-boundary refinement and strengthening. The alloys currently being evaluated also contain 4-5 at.% of platinum-group metals, in this case platinum and iridium. The feasibility of hot rolling these alloys to a final thickness of 0.12-0.25 mm and obtaining a nearly fully recrystallized microstructure was demonstrated. C1 [Ballard, Donna L.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Pilchak, Adam L.] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH USA. RP Ballard, DL (reprint author), USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXLM, 2230 10th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM donna.ballard@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force [FA8650-07-D-5800]; AFRL; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX A portion of this work was conducted as part of the in-house research activities of the Metals Branch of the Air Force Research Laboratory's Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Ceramics and NDE Division. One of the authors (ALP) was supported through Air Force Contract FA8650-07-D-5800. The support and encouragement of AFRL management and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Dr. Ali Sayir, program manager) are gratefully acknowledged. The assistance of T. Brown, J. Brown, T. Goff, A. Rosenberger, and Z. Tang with the experimental work and data analysis is much appreciated. The invaluable mentoring and guidance provided by Lee Semiatin is acknowledged and always appreciated. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD OCT PY 2010 VL 62 IS 10 BP 45 EP 47 DI 10.1007/s11837-010-0155-y PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 666FI UT WOS:000283098900009 ER PT J AU Woo, MH Hsu, YM Wu, CY Heimbuch, B Wander, J AF Woo, Myung-Heui Hsu, Yu-Mei Wu, Chang-Yu Heimbuch, Brian Wander, Joseph TI Method for contamination of filtering facepiece respirators by deposition of MS2 viral aerosols SO JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Loading chamber; Coughing; Loading density; Uniformity; Droplet ID SALIVA; VIRUS; BIOAEROSOLS; PARTICLES; INFLUENZA; CHAMBER; SYSTEM AB A droplet/aerosol loading chamber was designed to deliver uniform droplets/aerosols onto substrates. An ultrasonic nebulizer was used to produce virus-containing droplets from artificial saliva to emulate those from coughing and sneezing. The operating conditions were determined by adjusting various parameters to achieve loading density and uniformity requirements. The count median diameter and mass median diameter were 0.5-2 and 3-4 mu m, respectively, around the loading location when 35% relative humidity was applied. The average loading density was similar to 2 x 10(3) plaque-forming units/cm(2) for 5-min loading time with a virus titer of 10(7) plaque-forming units/mL. Six different filtering facepiece respirators from commercial sources were loaded to evaluate uniform distribution. For each of the six FFRs, the virus loading uniformity within a sample and across numerous samples was 19.21% and 12.20%, respectively. This system supports a standard method for loading viable bioaerosols onto specimen surfaces when different decontamination techniques are to be compared. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Woo, Myung-Heui; Wu, Chang-Yu] Univ Florida, Dept Environm Engn Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Heimbuch, Brian] Appl Res Associates, Tyndall AFB, FL USA. [Wander, Joseph] USAF, Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL USA. RP Wu, CY (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Environm Engn Sci, POB 116450, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM cywu@ufl.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-06-05913]; University of Florida FX This research was supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory through Contract no. FA8650-06-05913. The authors are grateful to Profs. Dale Lundgren (University of Florida) and Virgil Marple (University of Minnesota) for providing valuable comments on the design of the delivery chamber and to the Major Analytical Instrumentation Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering at the University of Florida for providing the SEM. The authors also wish to acknowledge Ken Reed (TMR, Gainesville) for building the chamber for this project. Myung-Heui Woo acknowledges the Alumni Scholarship from the University of Florida for partial financial support. NR 27 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8502 EI 1879-1964 J9 J AEROSOL SCI JI J. Aerosol. Sci. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 41 IS 10 BP 944 EP 952 DI 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2010.07.003 PG 9 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 651IX UT WOS:000281922500005 ER PT J AU Lucas, MS Munoz, JA Mauger, L Li, CW Sheets, AO Turgut, Z Horwath, J Abernathy, DL Stone, MB Delaire, O Xiao, YM Fultz, B AF Lucas, M. S. Munoz, J. A. Mauger, L. Li, Chen W. Sheets, A. O. Turgut, Z. Horwath, J. Abernathy, D. L. Stone, M. B. Delaire, O. Xiao, Yuming Fultz, B. TI Effects of chemical composition and B2 order on phonons in bcc Fe-Co alloys (vol 108, 023519, 2010) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Correction C1 [Lucas, M. S.; Sheets, A. O.; Turgut, Z.; Horwath, J.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Lucas, M. S.] UTC Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Munoz, J. A.; Mauger, L.; Li, Chen W.; Fultz, B.] CALTECH, WM Keck Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Abernathy, D. L.; Stone, M. B.; Delaire, O.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Xiao, Yuming] Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, HPCAT, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lucas, MS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM matthew.steven.lucas@gmail.com RI Li, Chen/D-1542-2010; Abernathy, Douglas/A-3038-2012 OI Li, Chen/0000-0002-0758-5334; Abernathy, Douglas/0000-0002-3533-003X NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 2010 VL 108 IS 7 AR 079902 DI 10.1063/1.3484430 PG 1 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 667UW UT WOS:000283222200171 ER PT J AU Yakovlev, VV Petrov, GI Noojin, GD Harbert, C Denton, M Thomas, R AF Yakovlev, Vladislav V. Petrov, Georgi I. Noojin, Gary D. Harbert, Corey Denton, Michael Thomas, Robert TI Ex-CARS: exotic configuration for coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microspectroscopy utilizing two laser sources SO JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS LA English DT Article DE Raman; CARS; spectroscopy; microscopy; ultrafast optics ID BACTERIAL ENDOSPORES; LIVING CELLS; SPECTROSCOPY; MICROSCOPY AB We propose and experimentally demonstrate a new coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering setting which relies on a coherent excitation of Raman vibration using a broadband ultrashort laser pulse and signal read-out using a conventional continuous wave laser radiation. Such an exotic arrangement does not require any synchronization of two laser sources and can be used for direct comparison of amplitudes of nonlinear and spontaneous Raman signals. C1 [Yakovlev, Vladislav V.; Petrov, Georgi I.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. [Noojin, Gary D.; Harbert, Corey; Denton, Michael] TASC Inc, Life Sci Res & Applicat Dept, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. [Thomas, Robert] USAF, Res Lab, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. RP Yakovlev, VV (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, POB 413, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. EM yakovlev@uwm.edu; jorpet@uwm.edu RI Yakovlev, Vladislav/P-4668-2015 FU NIH [R03EB008535, R21EB011703]; NSF [0925950]; US Air Force Research Laboratory; Human Effectiveness Directorate, the St. Mary's University McNair; Air Force Research Laboratory, Human Effectiveness Directorate [FA8650-08-D-6920] FX The authors acknowledge a generous support of the NIH (Grants #R03EB008535 and #R21EB011703), the NSF (ECS Grant #0925950), the ASEE Fellowship from the US Air Force Research Laboratory, Human Effectiveness Directorate, the St. Mary's University McNair Scholars Program (C.H.), the Air Force Research Laboratory, Human Effectiveness Directorate, contract FA8650-08-D-6920 (M.D. and G.N.). NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1864-063X J9 J BIOPHOTONICS JI J. Biophotonics PD OCT PY 2010 VL 3 IS 10-11 BP 653 EP 659 DI 10.1002/jbio.201000042 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biophysics; Optics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Optics GA 668MI UT WOS:000283273700004 PM 20635427 ER PT J AU Phillips, DM Baur, JW AF Phillips, David M. Baur, Jeffery W. TI A Granular Core for Self-healing, Variable Modulus Sandwich Composites SO JOURNAL OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE self-healing; microballoons; sandwich composites; morphing; adaptive structures ID SYNTACTIC FOAMS; NETWORKS; PACKING; SPHERES; PANELS; MEDIA AB Sandwich composites that exhibit complete mechanical and geometric healing when subjected to three-point bending are realized using a novel, pressure-triggered granular core. The sandwich composites are constructed with fiberglass-reinforced, epoxy face sheets and a granular core consisting of noncohesive, glass microballoons. By controlling the granular core hydrostatic compression in the range of 0-0.083 MPa, the observed shear modulus of the core spanned nearly three orders of magnitude. Core compression is achieved by evacuating the interior of the sandwich structure and allowing the atmospheric pressure acting on the sandwich to compress the core. Although the compressed cores typically begin to yield near 1% shear strain, the degenerate nature of the core allows for complete recovery of the modulus even after a large strain. By exploiting the inherent stiffness of the sandwich skin and the tunable modulus of the granular core, these sandwich composites are able to undergo healing cycles and completely recover both their mechanical and geometric properties. C1 [Phillips, David M.; Baur, Jeffery W.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RX, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Phillips, David M.] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Phillips, DM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RX, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM david.phillips@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The authors thank the Air Force Office of Scientific Research program on Mechanics of Multifunctional Materials and Microsystems (PM: Byung-lip 'Les' Lee) for providing funding for this study. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0021-9983 EI 1530-793X J9 J COMPOS MATER JI J. Compos Mater. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 44 IS 22 SI SI BP 2527 EP 2545 DI 10.1177/0021998310371531 PG 19 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 665SX UT WOS:000283056900002 ER PT J AU Kim, SM Pint, CL Amama, PB Hauge, RH Maruyama, B Stach, EA AF Kim, Seung Min Pint, Cary L. Amama, Placidus B. Hauge, Robert H. Maruyama, Benji Stach, Eric A. TI Catalyst and catalyst support morphology evolution in single-walled carbon nanotube supergrowth: Growth deceleration and termination SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; HIGH-YIELD GROWTH; RAPID GROWTH; FORESTS; WATER; MECHANISM; ARRAYS; FILMS; MODEL AB Detailed understanding of growth termination in vertically aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) made via supergrowth, or water-assisted growth, remains critical to achieving the ultralong SWNTs necessary for next-generation applications. We describe the irreversible catalyst morphology evolution that occurs during growth, and which limits the lifetime of surface supported catalysts. Growth termination is strongly dependent on growth temperature, but not sensitive to C2H2:H2O ratio. In addition to both planar Ostwald ripening of small (sub-5 nm) Fe catalyst particles and diffusion of metal atoms into the alumina support, other features that contribute to growth termination or deceleration are described, including center-of-mass particle motions and coalescence of smaller species of surface supported Fe nanoparticles. Additionally, a temperature-induced structural transition in the alumina catalyst support is found to be coincident with abrupt growth termination at temperatures of 800 degrees C and higher. In situ electron microscopy observations are used to directly support these observations. C1 [Kim, Seung Min; Stach, Eric A.] Purdue Univ, Sch Mat Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Kim, Seung Min; Stach, Eric A.] Purdue Univ, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Pint, Cary L.] Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Pint, Cary L.; Hauge, Robert H.] Rice Univ, Richard E Smalley Inst Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Amama, Placidus B.; Maruyama, Benji] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Amama, Placidus B.] Univ Dayton, UDRI, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Hauge, Robert H.] Rice Univ, Dept Chem, Houston, TX 77005 USA. RP Stach, EA (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Mat Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM estach@bnl.gov RI Hauge, Robert/A-7008-2011; Pint, Cary/C-5053-2009; Maruyama, Benji/E-3634-2010; Stach, Eric/D-8545-2011; Pint, Cary/I-6785-2013 OI Hauge, Robert/0000-0002-3656-0152; Stach, Eric/0000-0002-3366-2153; FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); Lockheed Martin Advanced Nanotechnology Center of Excellence at Rice University FX The authors thank D. Natelson for use of e-beam evaporator for catalyst preparation and P. Voorhees for valuable discussions. All authors acknowledge support from Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR), and C.L. Pint and R.H. Hauge acknowledge partial support from the Lockheed Martin Advanced Nanotechnology Center of Excellence at Rice University (LANCER) program. NR 62 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 28 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0884-2914 EI 2044-5326 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 25 IS 10 BP 1875 EP 1885 DI 10.1557/JMR.2010.0264 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 658MQ UT WOS:000282494500001 ER PT J AU Gordon, MK DeSantis, A Deshmukh, M Lacey, CJ Hahn, RA Beloni, J Anumolu, SS Schlager, JJ Gallo, MA Gerecke, DR Heindel, ND Svoboda, KKH Babin, MC Sinko, PJ AF Gordon, Marion K. DeSantis, Andrea Deshmukh, Manjeet Lacey, Carl Jeffrey Hahn, Rita A. Beloni, John Anumolu, SivaNaga S. Schlager, John J. Gallo, Michael A. Gerecke, Donald R. Heindel, Ned D. Svoboda, Kathy K. H. Babin, Michael C. Sinko, Patrick J. TI Doxycycline Hydrogels as a Potential Therapy for Ocular Vesicant Injury SO JOURNAL OF OCULAR PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Article ID HUMAN DIABETIC CORNEAS; MUSTARD GAS KERATITIS; ORGAN-CULTURE MODEL; SULFUR MUSTARD; IRANIAN VETERANS; MEDICAL DEFENSE; COMPLICATIONS; DELIVERY; LESIONS; INHIBITORS AB Purpose: The goals of this study were (1) to compare the injury at the basement membrane zone (BMZ) of rabbit corneal organ cultures exposed to half mustard (2 chloroethyl ethyl sulfide, CEES) and nitrogen mustard with that of in vivo rabbit eyes exposed to sulfur mustard (SM); (2) to test the efficacy of 4 tetracycline derivatives in attenuating vesicant-induced BMZ disruption in the 24-h period postexposure; and (3) to use the most effective tetracycline derivative to compare the improvement of injury when the drug is delivered as drops or hydrogels to eyes exposed in vivo to SM. Methods: Histological analysis of hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections was performed; the ultrastructure of the corneal BMZ was evaluated by transmission electron microscopy; matrix metalloproteinase-9 was assessed by immunofluorescence; doxycycline as drops or a hydrogel was applied daily for 28 days to eyes exposed in vivo to SM. Corneal edema was assessed by pachymetry and the extent of neovascularization was graded by length of longest vessel in each quadrant. Results: Injury to the BMZ was highly similar with all vesicants, but varied in degree of severity. The effectiveness of the 4 drugs in retaining BMZ integrity did not correlate with their ability to attenuate matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression at the epithelial-stromal border. Doxycycline was most effective on organ cultures; therefore, it was applied as drops or a hydrogel to rabbit corneas exposed in vivo to SM. Eyes were examined at 1, 3, 7, and 28 days after exposure. At 7 and 28 days after SM exposure, eyes treated with doxycycline were greatly improved over those that received no therapy. Corneal thickness decreased somewhat faster using doxycycline drops, whereas the hydrogel formulation decreased the incidence of neovascularization. Conclusions: Corneal cultures exposed to 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide and nitrogen mustard were effective models to simulate in vivo SM exposures. Doxycycline as drops and hydrogels ameliorated vesicant injury. With in vivo exposed animals, the drops reduced edema faster than the hydrogels, but use of the hydrogels significantly reduced neovascularization. The data provide proof of principle that a hydrogel formulation of doxycycline as a daily therapy for ocular vesicant injury should be further investigated. C1 [Gordon, Marion K.; DeSantis, Andrea; Hahn, Rita A.; Beloni, John; Gerecke, Donald R.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Ernest Mario Sch Pharm, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Deshmukh, Manjeet; Sinko, Patrick J.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Pharmaceut, Ernest Mario Sch Pharm, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Lacey, Carl Jeffrey; Heindel, Ned D.] Lehigh Univ, Dept Chem, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. [Anumolu, SivaNaga S.] Sandoz Inc, Clin Dev Ctr US, E Hanover, NJ USA. [Schlager, John J.] USAF, Res Lab, Appl Biotechnol Branch, Dayton, OH USA. [Gallo, Michael A.] Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Dept Environm & Occupat Med, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Svoboda, Kathy K. H.] Baylor Coll Dent, Texas A&M Hlth Sci Ctr, Dallas, TX 75246 USA. [Babin, Michael C.] Battelle Biomed Res Ctr, W Jefferson, OH USA. RP Gordon, MK (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Ernest Mario Sch Pharm, 170 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM magordon@eohsi.rutgers.edu OI Svoboda, Kathy/0000-0003-0820-3067 FU National Institutes of Health (NIAMSD) [U54AR055073]; National Eye Institute [EY09056]; NIEHS [P30ES005022] FX This research was supported by the CounterACT Program, National Institutes of Health (NIAMSD U54AR055073), the National Eye Institute award EY09056, and the NIEHS-sponsored UMDNJ Center for Environmental Exposures and Disease (NIEHS P30ES005022). The authors thank Ken Hughes, RPh of Greenpark Compounding Pharmacy, for helpful suggestions, and Linda Everett for help with the manuscript. NR 46 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 7 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1080-7683 J9 J OCUL PHARMACOL TH JI J. Ocular Pharmacol. Ther. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 26 IS 5 BP 407 EP 419 DI 10.1089/jop.2010.0099 PG 13 WC Ophthalmology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Ophthalmology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 660LI UT WOS:000282643800003 PM 20925577 ER PT J AU Mabry, LM Ross, MD Tall, MA AF Mabry, Lance M. Ross, Michael D. Tall, Michael A. TI Insufficiency Fracture of the Pubic Rami SO JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC & SPORTS PHYSICAL THERAPY LA English DT Article C1 [Mabry, Lance M.] Kaiser Permanente Med Ctr, Vallejo, CA USA. [Ross, Michael D.] USAF Phys Med Training Programs, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. [Tall, Michael A.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX USA. RP Mabry, LM (reprint author), Kaiser Permanente Med Ctr, Vallejo, CA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU J O S P T, PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1111 NORTH FAIRFAX ST, STE 100, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1436 USA SN 0190-6011 J9 J ORTHOP SPORT PHYS JI J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 40 IS 10 BP 666 EP 666 DI 10.2519/jospt.2010.0416 PG 1 WC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences GA 663YG UT WOS:000282925500009 PM 20885024 ER PT J AU Roy, S Wrzesinski, PJ Pestov, D Dantus, M Gord, JR AF Roy, Sukesh Wrzesinski, Paul J. Pestov, Dmitry Dantus, Marcos Gord, James R. TI Single-beam coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) spectroscopy of gas-phase CO2 via phase and polarization shaping of a broadband continuum SO JOURNAL OF RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Raman spectroscopy; femtosecond CARS; single-beam CARS; Fermi dyads; carbon dioxide; pulse shaping ID FERMI RESONANCE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; FEMTOSECOND CARS; LASER-PULSES; TEMPERATURE; PRESSURE; FLOWS; FS; THERMOMETRY; GENERATION AB Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) spectroscopy of gas-phase CO2 is demonstrated using a single femtosecond (fs) laser beam. A shaped ultrashort laser pulse with a transform-limited temporal width of similar to 7 fs and spectral bandwidth of similar to 225 nm (similar to 3500 cm(-1)) is employed for simultaneous excitation of the CO2 Fermi dyads at similar to 1285 and similar to 1388 cm(-1). CARS signal intensities for the two Raman transitions and their ratio as a function of pressure are presented. The signal-to-noise ratio of the single beam-generated CO2 CARS signal is sufficient to perform concentration measurements at a rate of 1 kHz. The implications of these experiments for measuring CO2 concentrations and rapid pressure fluctuations in hypersonic and detonation-based chemically reacting flows are also discussed. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Roy, Sukesh] Spectral Energies LLC, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Wrzesinski, Paul J.; Pestov, Dmitry; Dantus, Marcos] Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Gord, James R.] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Roy, S (reprint author), Spectral Energies LLC, 5100 Springfield St,Suite 301, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. EM sroy@woh.rr.com FU Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-09-C-2918]; AFRL; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX Funding for this research was provided by the Air Force Research Laboratory under Phase II SBIR Contract No. FA8650-09-C-2918 (Ms Amy Lynch, Program Manager), by the AFRL Nanoenergetics Program, and by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Drs Julian Tishkoff and Tatjana Curcic, Program Managers). NR 45 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0377-0486 J9 J RAMAN SPECTROSC JI J. Raman Spectrosc. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 41 IS 10 BP 1194 EP 1199 DI 10.1002/jrs.2587 PG 6 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 677VW UT WOS:000284023100015 ER PT J AU Ross, MD Elliott, R AF Ross, Michael D. Elliott, Ryan TI Cervical Cord Compressive Myelopathy in a Man With a Primary Complaint of Knee Pain SO JOURNAL OF SPINAL CORD MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Spondylosis, cervical; Myelopathy, compressive; Tetraparesis; Paraparesis; Pain ID SPONDYLOTIC MYELOPATHY AB Background: Diagnosing patients with cervical cord compressive myelopathy in a timely manner can be challenging due to varying clinical presentations, the absence of pathognomonic findings, and symptoms that are usually insidious in nature. Objective: To describe the clinical course of a patient with primary complaint of left medial knee pain that was nonresponsive to surgical and conservative measures; the patient was subsequently diagnosed with cervical cord compressive myelopathy. Design: Case report. Subject: A 63-year-old man with a primary complaint of left medial knee pain. Findings: Physical examination of the left knee was normal except for slight palpable tenderness over the medial joint line. During treatment, he noted loss of balance during activities of daily living. Reassessment revealed bilateral upper extremity hyperreflexia, bilateral Babinski reflex, and positive bilateral Hoffman reflex. Magnetic resonance imaging of the cervical spine demonstrated moderately severe spinal stenosis at the C3-C4, C5-C6, and C6-C7 After C3-C7 laminoplasty for cervical cord compressive myelopathy, he reported substantial improvement of his left medial knee. Three years later, he had no complaint of knee pain. Conclusion: Appropriate diagnosis and treatment of cervical cord compressive myelopathy may avoid unnecessary diagnostic imaging, medical evaluations, invasive procedures, and potential neurologic complications. C1 [Ross, Michael D.] USAF, Phys Training Program, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. [Elliott, Ryan] Kaiser Permanente Med Ctr, Vallejo, CA USA. RP Ross, MD (reprint author), USAF, 598 Amer Flag, Cibolo, TX 78108 USA. EM romoross@msn.com NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PARAPLEGIA SOC PI JACKSON HWIGHTS PA 75-20 ASTORIA BLVD, JACKSON HWIGHTS, NY 11370-1177 USA SN 1079-0268 J9 J SPINAL CORD MED JI J. Spinal Cord. Med. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 33 IS 4 BP 431 EP 434 PG 4 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 674AJ UT WOS:000283705200015 PM 21061905 ER PT J AU Carlson, CG Keister, KE Dragic, PD Croteau, A Eden, JG AF Carlson, C. G. Keister, K. E. Dragic, P. D. Croteau, A. Eden, J. G. TI Photoexcitation of Yb-doped aluminosilicate fibers at 250 nm: evidence for excitation transfer from oxygen deficiency centers to Yb3+ SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SYNTHETIC SILICA GLASSES; COOPERATIVE LUMINESCENCE; E' CENTERS; IRRADIATION; ABSORPTION; GENERATION; ALUMINUM; DEFECTS; LASERS; POWER AB Emission spectra in the similar to 240-1100 nm wavelength region as well as the temporally resolved decay of Yb3+ and point defect spontaneous emission have been recorded when aluminosilicate optical fibers doped with Yb are irradiated with similar to 160 fs laser pulses having a central wavelength of similar to 250 nm ((h) over bar omega = (5) over bar eV). Photoexcitation of the fibers in this region of the deep ultraviolet (UV) provides access simultaneously to the Type II Si oxygen deficiency center (ODC), the non-bridging oxygen hole center (NBOHC: an oxygen-excess defect), and the Ge ODC. Emission from all of these defects in the ultraviolet and/or visible is observed, as is intense fluorescence at 976 nm from Yb3+. Absorption measurements conducted in the similar to 230-265 nm region with a sequence of UV light-emitting diodes reveal a continuum peaking at similar to 248 nm and having a spectral width of similar to 18 nm (FWHM), confirming that the 250 nm laser pump is photoexciting predominantly the ODC. The temporal histories of the optically active defect and rare earth ion emission waveforms, in combination with time-integrated spectra, suggest that the Si ODC(II) triplet state directly excites Yb3+ as well as at least one other intrinsic defect in the silica network. Prolonged exposure of the Yb-doped fibers to 250 nm radiation yields increased Yb3+, NBOHC, and Si ODC(II) singlet emission which is accompanied by a decline in Si ODC(II) triplet fluorescence, thus reinforcing the conclusion-drawn on the basis of luminescence decay constants-that the triplet state of Si ODC(II) is the immediate precursor to the NBOHC and is partially responsible for Yb ion emission at 976 nm. This conclusion is consistent with the observation that exposure of fiber to 5 eV radiation slightly suppresses ODC absorption in the similar to 240-255 nm region while simultaneously introducing an absorption continuum extending from 260 nm to below 235nm ((h) over bar omega approximate to 5.28 eV). These results suggest that ODC -> E' center conversion assumes a role in excitation transfer to Yb3+. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Croteau, A.] INO, Quebec City, PQ G1P 4S4, Canada. [Carlson, C. G.; Keister, K. E.; Dragic, P. D.; Eden, J. G.] Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Keister, KE (reprint author), USAF Acad, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM ellen.keister@gmail.com FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [FA9550-07-10003]; U.S. Army Research Office (ARO) [F014252] FX The technical assistance of T. Spinka and V. Mowery and the support of this work by the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) under grant FA9550-07-10003 are gratefully acknowledged. One of us (C. G. Carlson) was supported in part through a High Energy Laser Multidisciplinary Research Initiative (HEL-MRI) program under U.S. Army Research Office (ARO) contract F014252. NR 26 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 17 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 27 IS 10 BP 2087 EP 2094 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 658UI UT WOS:000282514500022 ER PT J AU Wagner, TJ Bohn, MJ Coutu, RA Gonzalez, LP Murray, JM Schepler, KL Guha, S AF Wagner, T. J. Bohn, M. J. Coutu, R. A., Jr. Gonzalez, L. P. Murray, J. M. Schepler, K. L. Guha, S. TI Measurement and modeling of infrared nonlinear absorption coefficients and laser-induced damage thresholds in Ge and GaSb SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID 2-PHOTON ABSORPTION; GERMANIUM; PULSES; SEMICONDUCTORS; ANTIMONIDE; IONIZATION; DEPENDENCE; CRYSTAL; SOLIDS AB Using a simultaneous fitting technique to extract nonlinear absorption coefficients from data at two pulse widths, we measure two-photon and free-carrier absorption coefficients for Ge and GaSb at 2.05 and 2.5 mu m for the first time, to our knowledge. Results agreed well with published theory. Single-shot damage thresholds were also measured at 2.5 mu m and agreed well with modeled thresholds using experimentally determined parameters including nonlinear absorption coefficients and temperature dependent linear absorption. The damage threshold for a single-layer Al(2)O(3) anti-reflective coating on Ge was 55% or 35% lower than the uncoated threshold for picosecond or nanosecond pulses, respectively. C1 [Wagner, T. J.; Bohn, M. J.; Coutu, R. A., Jr.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Gonzalez, L. P.; Murray, J. M.; Guha, S.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Schepler, K. L.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wagner, TJ (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM torrey.wagner@us.af.mil RI Coutu, Ronald/I-7711-2014; Schepler, Kenneth/D-3730-2015; OI Schepler, Kenneth/0000-0001-9658-2305 FU Sensors Directorate of AFRL; Materials and Manufacturing Directorate of AFRL; U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) FX The authors would like to thank R. Shori (University of California, Los Angeles) and A. Sarangan (University of Dayton) for material support to these experiments. The authors would also like to thank their colleagues and collaborators P. Berry, R. Peterson, J. McCurdy, D. Upchurch, A. Carpenter, and J. Barnes (Air Force Research Laboratory-AFRL) as well as funding support from the Sensors Directorate of AFRL, the Materials and Manufacturing Directorate of AFRL and the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR). NR 44 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 27 IS 10 BP 2122 EP 2131 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 658UI UT WOS:000282514500027 ER PT J AU Bentley, BI Greendyke, RB AF Bentley, Brook I. Greendyke, Robert B. TI Entropy-Shock Interactions Using the Unified Flow Solver SO JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS AND HEAT TRANSFER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 47th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit Including the New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition CY JAN 05-08, 2009 CL Orlando, FL SP AIAA ID TURBULENCE AMPLIFICATION; WAVE; CONTINUUM; SPOT AB The unified flow solver, a hybrid continuum-rarefied code, is used to investigate the structure of a normal shock wave as an entropy perturbation is introduced upstream of the shock and allowed to propagate through the shock. The entropy spot is introduced into a two-dimensional domain over a range of Knudsen numbers (Kn = 0.01, 0.1, and 1.0) for Mach 2.0 in argon. Previous work on entropy-shock interactions has only been reported with an Euler-solution-method scheme. Here, results are presented in argon, using coupled Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook and Navier-Stokes solvers, using the hybrid nature of the unified flow solver code for a better examination and understanding of the propagation of entropy disturbances. Density, pressure, and temperature profiles, as well as the profiles of their gradients, are reported at discrete intervals after the entropy spot convects through the shock. C1 [Bentley, Brook I.] USAF, Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. [Greendyke, Robert B.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Bentley, BI (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. EM Brook.Bentley@kirtland.af.mil; Robert.Greendyke@afit.edu NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0887-8722 EI 1533-6808 J9 J THERMOPHYS HEAT TR JI J. Thermophys. Heat Transf. PD OCT-DEC PY 2010 VL 24 IS 4 BP 721 EP 729 DI 10.2514/1.47316 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 673XE UT WOS:000283696700005 ER PT J AU Fiala, NJ Johnson, JD Ames, FE AF Fiala, N. J. Johnson, J. D. Ames, F. E. TI Aerodynamics of a Letterbox Trailing Edge: Effects of Blowing Rate, Reynolds Number, and External Turbulence on Aerodynamic Losses and Pressure Distribution SO JOURNAL OF TURBOMACHINERY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE aerodynamics; blades; heat transfer; turbulence ID FLOW MEASUREMENTS; HEAT-TRANSFER; CASCADE AB A letterbox trailing edge configuration is formed by adding flow partitions to a gill slot or pressure side cutback. Letterbox partitions are a common trailing edge configuration for vanes and blades, and the aerodynamics of these configurations are consequently of interest. Exit surveys detailing total pressure loss, turning angle, and secondary velocities have been acquired for a vane with letterbox partitions in a large-scale low speed cascade facility. These measurements are compared with exit surveys of both the base (solid) and gill slot vane configurations. Exit surveys have been taken over a four to one range in chord Reynolds numbers (500,000, 1,000,000, and 2,000,000) based on exit conditions and for low (0.7%), grid (8.5%), and aerocombustor (13.5%) turbulence conditions with varying blowing rate (50%, 100%, 150%, and 200% design flow). Exit loss, angle, and secondary velocity measurements were acquired in the facility using a five-hole cone probe at a measuring station representing an axial chord spacing of 0.25 from the vane trailing edge plane. Differences between losses with the base vane, gill slot vane, and letterbox vane for a given turbulence condition and Reynolds number are compared providing evidence of coolant ejection losses, and losses due to the separation off the exit slot lip and partitions. Additionally, differences in the level of losses, distribution of losses, and secondary flow vectors are presented for the different turbulence conditions at the different Reynolds numbers. The letterbox configuration has been found to have slightly reduced losses at a given flow rate compared with the gill slot. However, the letterbox requires an increased pressure drop for the same ejection flow. The present paper together with a related paper (2008, "Letterbox Trailing Edge Heat Transfer-Effects of Blowing Rate, Reynolds Number, and External Turbulence on Heat Transfer and Film Cooling Effectiveness," ASME, Paper No. GT2008-50474), which documents letterbox heat transfer, is intended to provide designers with aerodynamic loss and heat transfer information needed for design evaluation and comparison with competing trailing edge designs. [DOI: 10.1115/1.3195035] C1 [Fiala, N. J.] Univ N Dakota, EERC, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. [Ames, F. E.] Univ N Dakota, Dept Mech Engn, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. [Johnson, J. D.] USAF, Hill AFB, UT 84056 USA. RP Fiala, NJ (reprint author), Univ N Dakota, EERC, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. FU University Turbine System Research (UTSR); DOE's National Energy Technology Laboratory; North Dakota EPSCoR; University of North Dakota FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support from the University Turbine System Research (UTSR) consortium, which is administrated by the South Carolina Institute for Energy Studies and largely funded through DOE's National Energy Technology Laboratory. The authors would also like to acknowledge the help of Rolls-Royce of North America for providing the vane geometry used in this study. Additionally, the facility used in this project was funded through a seed grant from the North Dakota EPSCoR program. In addition, the authors are indebted to the University of North Dakota for providing additional support and laboratory space. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0889-504X J9 J TURBOMACH JI J. Turbomach.-Trans. ASME PD OCT PY 2010 VL 132 IS 4 AR 041011 DI 10.1115/1.3195035 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 594ZI UT WOS:000277580000011 ER PT J AU Frew, DJ Akers, SA Chen, W Green, ML AF Frew, D. J. Akers, S. A. Chen, W. Green, Mark L. TI Development of a dynamic triaxial Kolsky bar SO MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Kolsky bar; triaxial test; dynamic loading; high strain rate ID HOPKINSON PRESSURE BAR; PULSE SHAPING TECHNIQUES; STRAIN RATES; MULTIAXIAL-COMPRESSION; STRENGTH; CONFINEMENT; BEHAVIOR; TEMPERATURE; PENETRATION; MECHANICS AB We present a confined Kolsky bar device capable of applying hydrostatic confining pressures and dynamic axial shear loads to right-circular cylindrical samples. The conventional Kolsky bar apparatus is modified by adding a high-pressure hydraulic chamber capable of applying radial confining pressures up to 400 MPa to the test specimen. An additional pressure chamber is added to the free end of the transmission bar and applies the axial portion of the hydrostatic pressure to the specimen. Once confinement is achieved, a striker bar impacts the incident bar to apply a dynamic, axial shear load to the test specimen. Pulse shaping techniques are employed in this device to generate the desired incident pulse necessary to achieve stress equilibrium in the sample and strain the sample at a nearly constant rate. We present data for an Indiana limestone tested at confining pressures up to 200 MPa and strain rates of 400 s(-1), and compare results to quasi-static data. C1 [Frew, D. J.] Dynam Syst & Res Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. [Akers, S. A.] USA, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Chen, W.] Purdue Univ, Sch Aeronaut, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Chen, W.] Purdue Univ, Sch Astronaut & Mat Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Green, Mark L.] USAF, Res Lab, Dept AF, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Frew, DJ (reprint author), Dynam Syst & Res Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. EM djfrew@dsr.us.com FU US Army Laboratory Director's Research and Development (LDRD); Military Engineering Basic Research [AT22-WP255] FX A US Army facility at the Engineering Research and Development Center, Waterways Experiment Station, in Vicksburg, MS developed and used in the execution of this work and was supported under a US Army Laboratory Director's Research and Development (LDRD) program and under a Military Engineering Basic Research program (AT22-WP255). Permission to publish was granted by Director, Geotechnical and Structures Laboratory, ERDC. NR 52 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 10 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-0233 EI 1361-6501 J9 MEAS SCI TECHNOL JI Meas. Sci. Technol. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 21 IS 10 AR 105704 DI 10.1088/0957-0233/21/10/105704 PG 10 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 649QG UT WOS:000281787100048 ER PT J AU Bryan, CJ Kanzler, KE Durham, TL West, CL Greene, E AF Bryan, Craig J. Kanzler, Kathryn E. Durham, Tracy L. West, Christopher L. Greene, Elizabeth TI Challenges and Considerations for Managing Suicide Risk in Combat Zones SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE; VETERANS; VIETNAM; INTENT; EXPOSURE; PREDICTORS; ATROCITIES; DEPRESSION; LETHALITY AB As suicide rates in the military rise, increased attention has been placed on the effective management of high-risk service members. Military mental health professionals deployed to combat zones face a number of challenges and barriers for effective risk management that are unique to the deployed setting. To date, there exists no body of literature identifying areas in which suicide risk management differs between garrison and combat settings to guide mental health professionals in improving clinical decision making with respect to managing suicidal service members in combat zones. On the basis of experience gained during deployments to combat zones, the authors outline several key features of the deployed context that can impact suicide risk and its effective management in combat zones and integrate empirical findings relevant to each issue. Considerations for clinical care and risk management are discussed. C1 [Bryan, Craig J.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Psychiat, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Kanzler, Kathryn E.; Greene, Elizabeth] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, MHS SGOW 59, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Durham, Tracy L.; West, Christopher L.] FOB Diamondback, APO, AE 09334 USA. RP Bryan, CJ (reprint author), Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Psychiat, 7550W IH 10,Suite 1325, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. OI Bryan, Craig/0000-0002-9714-0733 NR 38 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 175 IS 10 BP 713 EP 718 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 658CX UT WOS:000282468500004 PM 20968259 ER PT J AU Williams, SG Alinejad, NA Williams, JA Cruess, DF AF Williams, Scott G. Alinejad, Nima A. Williams, Jeannie A. Cruess, David F. TI Statistically Significant Increase in Weight Caused by Low-Dose Quetiapine SO PHARMACOTHERAPY LA English DT Article DE quetiapine; weight; antipsychotics; adverse effects ID ATYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTIC-DRUGS; SCHIZOPHRENIA; OLANZAPINE; TOLERABILITY; MEDICATIONS; RISPERIDONE; CLOZAPINE; PATTERNS; GAIN AB Study Objective. To determine if preliminary data suggest that low-dose quetiapine is associated with weight gain. Design. Retrospective medical record review. Setting. Two military hospitals serving active-duty soldiers, family members of service members, and military retirees. Patients. Five hundred thirty-four adult military health care beneficiaries who received quetiapine at a total daily dose of 100 mg or less for a minimum of 1 month between January 1, 2005, and June 30, 2008. Measurements and Main Results. The mean weight at baseline was 175.68 lbs. The mean +/- standard error weight gain compared with baseline was 0.49 +/- 0.51 lbs (p=0.335) at 1 month, increasing in a generally linear fashion to 5.56 +/- 1.25 lbs (p<0.001) at 6 months, and 10.58 +/- 2.20 lbs (p<0.001) at 12 months. Conclusion. Low-dose quetiapine caused a statistically significant weight gain in our study population. This finding highlights the need for greater recognition of the potential for quetiapine to cause undesirable effects, and demonstrates the importance of close monitoring of physiologic parameters during treatment. C1 [Williams, Scott G.; Williams, Jeannie A.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Alinejad, Nima A.] Malcolm Grow Med Ctr, Andrews AFB, MD USA. [Cruess, David F.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Williams, SG (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Ward 74,6900 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM scott.g.williams@us.army.mil NR 23 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU PHARMACOTHERAPY PUBLICATIONS INC PI BOSTON PA NEW ENGLAND MEDICAL CENTER, 806, 750 WASHINGTON ST, BOSTON, MA 02111 USA SN 0277-0008 J9 PHARMACOTHERAPY JI Pharmacotherapy PD OCT PY 2010 VL 30 IS 10 BP 1011 EP 1015 PG 5 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 662SI UT WOS:000282831700006 PM 20874038 ER PT J AU Bogdanov, EA Adams, SF Demidov, VI Kudryavtsev, AA Williamson, JM AF Bogdanov, E. A. Adams, S. F. Demidov, V. I. Kudryavtsev, A. A. Williamson, J. M. TI Influence of the transverse dimension on the structure and properties of dc glow discharges SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID AXIAL EMISSION PROFILES; MONTE-CARLO-SIMULATION; NEGATIVE-GLOW; ATMOSPHERIC-PRESSURE; FIELD REVERSAL; ARGON; MODEL; OSCILLATIONS; IONIZATION; ELECTRONS AB Two-dimensional (2D) simulations of a dc glow discharge with a cold cathode in argon have been performed for various radii of the discharge tube. It is shown that the loss of the charged particles to the walls can significantly affect plasma parameters as well as properties of the cathode sheath. The longitude dimensions of the negative glow and Faraday dark space depend on the transverse loss of the charge particles and are not consistently predicted with a 1D model. The common assumption that the cathode sheath can be analyzed independently of the plasma also may not be valid. The transverse inhomogeneity of the plasma leads to a change in the current density distribution over the cathode surface. The thickness of the cathode sheath can vary with radial distance from the discharge axis, even for the case of negligible radial loss of the charge particles. The 2D model results provide an analysis of the conditions of applicability of the 1D model. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3486525] C1 [Bogdanov, E. A.] St Petersburg State Univ, St Petersburg 198904, Russia. [Adams, S. F.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Demidov, V. I.] W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Kudryavtsev, A. A.] St Petersburg State Univ, Dept Opt, St Petersburg 198904, Russia. [Williamson, J. M.] UES Inc, Beavercreek, OH 45432 USA. RP Bogdanov, EA (reprint author), St Petersburg State Univ, St Petersburg 198904, Russia. RI Demidov, Vladimir/A-4247-2013; Bogdanov, Evgeny/I-3232-2012; OI Demidov, Vladimir/0000-0002-2672-7684; Bogdanov, Evgeny/0000-0002-3397-3162; Kudryavtsev, Anatoly/0000-0002-2232-2954 FU National Science Foundation [CBET-0903635]; AFRL FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. CBET-0903635 and AFRL. NR 27 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD OCT PY 2010 VL 17 IS 10 AR 103502 DI 10.1063/1.3486525 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 674TG UT WOS:000283772200073 ER PT J AU Isacco, A Garfield, CF Rogers, TE AF Isacco, Anthony Garfield, Craig F. Rogers, Timothy E. TI Correlates of Coparental Support Among Married and Nonmarried Fathers SO PSYCHOLOGY OF MEN & MASCULINITY LA English DT Article DE fathers; coparenting; coparental support; father involvement ID POSTPARTUM DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS; AFRICAN-AMERICAN FATHERS; LOW-INCOME FATHERS; SOCIAL SUPPORT; PATERNAL INVOLVEMENT; NONRESIDENT FATHERS; FRAGILE FAMILIES; PARTNER SUPPORT; MATERNAL DEPRESSION; INFANT INTERACTION AB Coparenting has emerged as a central family process and relationship. However, a coparenting role may be unfamiliar and uncomfortable to many fathers. This study focused on fathers' perceptions of coparental support to better understand factors that may help fathers adjust to a new and challenging parental role. A conceptual model of coparental support was developed and tested on a sample of 2,062 fathers from the national Fragile Families and Child Well-being study to determine what father and mother characteristics were associated with fathers' perceptions of coparental support. Multigroup comparisons of the model were made between married and nonmarried fathers. Results found the model to be a good fit for both married and nonmarried fathers. Father involvement and relationship quality were significant positive correlates of perceptions of coparental support for married fathers, but not for nonmarried fathers. Father mental health showed a negative relationship with perceptions of coparental support for married and nonmarried fathers. Family dynamics and paternal roles, which affect fathers' perceptions of support from the coparent, can be different based on marital status. Interventions aimed at increasing coparental support need to address depression and anxiety among fathers. Limitations and future directions of research on coparenting are also discussed. C1 [Isacco, Anthony] Chatham Univ, Counseling Psychol Dept, Counseling Psychol Program, Pittsburgh, PA 15232 USA. [Garfield, Craig F.] Northwestern Univ, NorthShore Univ HealthSyst Res, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Rogers, Timothy E.] USAF, Holloman AFB, NM USA. RP Isacco, A (reprint author), Chatham Univ, Counseling Psychol Dept, Counseling Psychol Program, Pittsburgh, PA 15232 USA. EM aisacco@chatham.edu NR 112 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 5 U2 10 PU EDUCATIONAL PUBLISHING FOUNDATION-AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST, NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 1524-9220 J9 PSYCHOL MEN MASCULIN JI Psychol. Men Masculinity PD OCT PY 2010 VL 11 IS 4 BP 262 EP 278 DI 10.1037/a0020686 PG 17 WC Psychology, Social SC Psychology GA 673ZV UT WOS:000283703600003 ER PT J AU Xie, JK AF Xie, Jiakang TI Can We Improve Estimates of Seismological Q Using a New "Geometrical Spreading" Model? SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Seismic attenuation; seismic amplitude; Q; 3D earth structure; focusing; multipathing ID MULTIPHASE SURFACE-WAVES; UPPER-MANTLE ATTENUATION; FREQUENCY-DEPENDENCE; RANGE PROVINCE; CRUSTAL ANELASTICITY; VELOCITY DISPERSION; SEISMIC TOMOGRAPHY; SCATTERING MEDIA; TIBETAN PLATEAU; LG ATTENUATION AB Precise measurements of seismological Q are difficult because we lack detailed knowledge on how the Earth's fine velocity structure affects the amplitude data. In a number of recent papers, Morozov (Geophys J Int 175:239-252, 2008; Seism Res Lett 80:5-7, 2009; Pure Appl Geophys, this volume, 2010) proposes a new procedure intended to improve Q determinations. The procedure relies on quantifying the structural effects using a new form of geometrical spreading (GS) model that has an exponentially decaying component with time, e (-gamma t)center dot gamma is a free parameter and is measured together with Q. Morozov has refit many previously published sets of amplitude attenuation data. In general, the new Q estimates are much higher than previous estimates, and all of the previously estimated frequency-dependence values for Q disappear in the new estimates. In this paper I show that (1) the traditional modeling of seismic amplitudes is physically based, whereas the new model lacks a physical basis; (2) the method of measuring Q using the new model is effectively just a curve fitting procedure using a first-order Taylor series expansion; (3) previous high-frequency data that were fit by a power-law frequency dependence for Q are expected to be also fit by the first-order expansion in the limited frequency bands involved, because of the long tails of power-law functions; (4) recent laboratory measurements of intrinsic Q of mantle materials at seismic frequencies provide independent evidence that intrinsic Q is often frequency-dependent, which should lead to frequency-dependent total Q; (5) published long-period surface wave data that were used to derive several recent Q models inherently contradict the new GS model; and (6) previous modeling has already included a special case that is mathematically identical to the new GS model, but with physical assumptions and measured Q values that differ from those with the new GS model. Therefore, while individually the previous Q measurements have limited precision, they cannot be improved by using the new GS model. The large number of Q measurements by seismologists are sufficient to show that Q values in the Earth are highly laterally variable and are often frequency dependent. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Xie, JK (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, 29 Randolph Rd, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. EM afrl.rvb.pa@hanscom.af.mil NR 81 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 167 IS 10 BP 1147 EP 1162 DI 10.1007/s00024-010-0188-8 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 649SM UT WOS:000281793700003 ER PT J AU Walker, EA Song, AJ Murphey, MD AF Walker, Eric A. Song, Albert J. Murphey, Mark D. TI Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Soft-Tissue Masses SO SEMINARS IN ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PIGMENTED VILLONODULAR SYNOVITIS; RADIOLOGIC-PATHOLOGICAL CORRELATION; GIANT-CELL TUMOR; MALIGNANT FIBROUS HISTIOCYTOMA; NERVE SHEATH TUMORS; WELL-DIFFERENTIATED LIPOSARCOMA; LARGE REFERRAL POPULATION; TENDON SHEATH; NODULAR FASCIITIS; DERMATOFIBROSARCOMA PROTUBERANS C1 [Walker, Eric A.] Penn State Univ, Milton S Hershey Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. [Walker, Eric A.; Murphey, Mark D.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Radiol & Nucl Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Song, Albert J.; Murphey, Mark D.] USAF, Inst Pathol, Dept Radiol Pathol, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Walker, EA (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Milton S Hershey Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, 266 Townhouse, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. EM ewalker@psu.edu RI Walker, Eric/P-8862-2015 OI Walker, Eric/0000-0002-2353-5935 NR 149 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0037-198X J9 SEMIN ROENTGENOL JI Semin. Roentgenology PD OCT PY 2010 VL 45 IS 4 BP 277 EP 297 DI 10.1053/j.ro.2009.12.004 PG 21 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 644GX UT WOS:000281363000005 PM 20727455 ER PT J AU Pomeroy, S AF Pomeroy, Steven TI Truth, Lies, and O-Rings: Inside the Space Shuttle Challenger Disaster SO TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE LA English DT Book Review C1 [Pomeroy, Steven] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Pomeroy, S (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 27 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA JOURNALS PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2715 NORTH CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4363 USA SN 0040-165X J9 TECHNOL CULT JI Technol. Cult. PD OCT PY 2010 VL 51 IS 4 BP 1038 EP 1040 PG 3 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA 685YN UT WOS:000284664100028 ER PT J AU Svalgaard, L Cliver, EW AF Svalgaard, Leif Cliver, Edward W. TI Heliospheric magnetic field 1835-2009 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SOLAR-ACTIVITY; RECONSTRUCTION; IRRADIANCE AB We use recently acquired geomagnetic archival data to extend our long-term reconstruction of the heliospheric magnetic field (HMF) strength. The 1835-2009 HMF series is based on an updated and substantiated InterDiurnal Variability (IDV) series from 1872 onwards and on Bartels' extension, by proxy, of his u-series from 1835 to 1871. The new IDV series, termed IDV09, has excellent agreement (R(2) = 0.98; RMS = 0.3 nT) with the earlier IDV05 series, and also with the negative component of Love's extended (to 1905) D(st) series (R(2) = 0.91). Of greatest importance to the community, in an area of research that has been contentious, comparison of the extended HMF series with other recent reconstructions of solar wind B for the last similar to 100 years yields a strong consensus between series based on geomagnetic data. Differences exist from similar to 1900-1910 but they are far smaller than the previous disagreement for this key interval of low solar wind B values which closely resembles current solar activity. Equally encouraging, a discrepancy with an HMF reconstruction based on (10)Be data for the first half of the 20th century has largely been removed by a revised (10)Be-based reconstruction published after we submitted this paper, although a remaining discrepancy for the years similar to 1885-1905 will need to be resolved. C1 [Svalgaard, Leif] Stanford Univ, HEPL, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Cliver, Edward W.] USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Svalgaard, L (reprint author), Stanford Univ, HEPL, Cedar Hall,Via Ortega, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM leif@leif.org NR 37 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD SEP 24 PY 2010 VL 115 AR A09111 DI 10.1029/2009JA015069 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 656JP UT WOS:000282327400001 ER PT J AU Cardoso, MB Luckarift, HR Urban, VS O'Neill, H Johnson, GR AF Cardoso, Mateus B. Luckarift, Heather R. Urban, Volker S. O'Neill, Hugh Johnson, Glenn R. TI Protein Localization in Silica Nanospheres Derived via Biomimetic Mineralization SO ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID SMALL-ANGLE NEUTRON; X-RAY-SCATTERING; PARTICLE-SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; PRECIPITATING PEPTIDES; STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY; LYSOZYME; COMPLEXES; SANS; CONFORMATION; NUCLEATION AB Lysozyme-templated precipitation of silica synthesized by sol-gel chemistry produces a composite material with-antimicrobial properties. This study investigates the structural properties of the composite material that allow for retention of the antimicrobial activity of lysozyme. Scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy reveal that the composite has a hierarchical structure composed of quasi-spherical structures (similar to 450 nm diameter), which are in turn composed of closely packed spherical structures of similar to 8-10 nm in diameter. Using small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) with contrast variation, the scattering signatures of the lysozyme and silica within the composite were separated. It was determined that the lysozyme molecules are spatially correlated in the material and form clusters with colloidal silica particles. The size of the clusters determined by SANS agrees well with the structural architecture observed by TEM. BET analysis revealed that the surface area the composite is relatively low (4.73 m(2)/g). However, after removal of the protein by heating to 200 degrees C, the surface area is increased by similar to 20%. In addition to demonstrating a well organized sol-gel synthesis which. generates a functional Material with antimicrobial applications, the analysis and modeling approaches described herein can be used for characterizing a wide range of mesoporous and ultrastructural materials. C1 [Luckarift, Heather R.; Johnson, Glenn R.] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RXQL, Mat Sci Directorate, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. [Luckarift, Heather R.] Univ Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Cardoso, Mateus B.; Urban, Volker S.; O'Neill, Hugh] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Ctr Struct Mol Biol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Cardoso, MB (reprint author), LNLS, Caixa Postal 6192, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. EM oneillhm@ornl.gov; Glenn.Johnson@tyndall.af.mil RI Cardoso, Mateus/A-7926-2015; Urban, Volker/N-5361-2015; OI Cardoso, Mateus/0000-0003-2102-1225; Urban, Volker/0000-0002-7962-3408; O'Neill, Hugh/0000-0003-2966-5527 FU AFRL-Materials and Manufacturing directorate; Defense Threat Reduction Agency-Joint Science and Technology Office [AA06CBT008]; ORNL; Office of Biological and Environmental Research, U. S. Department of Energy; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; Capes, Brazil FX The authors acknowledge Dr. Tammy Metroke (Universal Technology Corporation at the Air Force Research Laboratory, Tyndall AFB, FL) for assistance with adsorption/desorption isotherms and BET measurements and to Karen Kelley (University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida) for SEM and TEM images provided as a service through ICBR Electron Microscopy BioImaging Lab. The Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) work was supported by the funding from the AFRL-Materials and Manufacturing directorate and the Defense Threat Reduction Agency-Joint Science and Technology Office (Project Code AA06CBT008 (Jennifer Becker, Ilya Elashvili, and Stephen Lee, Program Managers). Research at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) was sponsored by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of ORNL. The authors also acknowledge support from ORNL's Center for Structural Molecular Biology (CSMB) that is supported by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research, U. S. Department of Energy. This manuscript has been coauthored by UT-Battelle, LLC, under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy. M.B.C. thanks Capes, Brazil for research support. NR 44 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 45 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1616-301X J9 ADV FUNCT MATER JI Adv. Funct. Mater. PD SEP 23 PY 2010 VL 20 IS 18 BP 3031 EP 3038 DI 10.1002/adfm.201000144 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 663SL UT WOS:000282910000006 ER PT J AU Zhu, JH Wei, SY Alexander, M Dang, TD Ho, TC Guo, ZH AF Zhu, Jiahua Wei, Suying Alexander, Max Jr Dang, Thuy D. Ho, Thomas C. Guo, Zhanhu TI Enhanced Electrical Switching and Electrochromic Properties of Poly(p-phenylenebenzobisthiazole) Thin Films Embedded with Nano-WO3 SO ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID RIGID-ROD POLYMERS; ACID COORDINATION-COMPLEXES; PARA-AROMATIC POLYMERS; COLORATION EFFICIENCY; THERMAL-PROPERTIES; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; MAIN CHAIN; DEVICES; NANOCOMPOSITES; POLYANILINE AB The electrical switching and electrochromic phenomena of a novel nanocomposite comprising poly(p-phenylenebenzobisthiazole) (PBZT) and tungsten oxide (WO3) nanoparticles are investigated as a function of the nanoparticle loading. Both dissolving PBZT and doping PBZT backbone structure with acid are achieved by one simple step. Chlorosulfonic acid (CSA) is used as a solvent and spontaneously transformed to sulfuric acid upon exposure to moisture. The formed sulfuric acid serves as doping agent to improve the electrical conductivity of PBZT. The most significant enhancement of electrical switching is observed in the nanocomposites with low weight fraction (5%). The electrical conductivity of 5% WO3/PBZT nanocomposite thin film is increased by about 200 times and 2 times, respectively, as compared to those of the as-received PBZT and PBZT/CSA thin films. As the nanoparticle loading increases to 20% and 30%, the nanocomposites follow an ohmic conduction mechanism. Stable electrical conductivity switching is observed before and after applying a bias on the pristine PBZT and WO3/PBZT nanocomposite thin films. Electrochromic phenomena of both PBZT and WO3/PBZT nanocomposite thin films with high contrast ratio are observed after applying a bias (3 V). The mechanisms of the nanoparticles in enhancing the electrical switching and electrochromic properties are proposed. C1 [Zhu, Jiahua; Ho, Thomas C.; Guo, Zhanhu] Lamar Univ, Dan F Smith Dept Chem Engn, ICL, Beaumont, TX 77710 USA. [Wei, Suying] Lamar Univ, Dept Chem & Phys, Beaumont, TX 77710 USA. [Alexander, Max Jr; Dang, Thuy D.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Zhu, JH (reprint author), Lamar Univ, Dan F Smith Dept Chem Engn, ICL, Beaumont, TX 77710 USA. EM suying.wei@lamar.edu; zhanhu.guo@lamar.edu RI Wei, Suying/C-2047-2009; Zhu, Jiahua/E-4400-2011; OI Guo, Zhanhu/0000-0003-0134-0210 FU Lamar University; NSF [0618924] FX This work was supported by the research start-up fund and research enhancement grant (REG) from Lamar University. The authors are grateful for the support of a NSF 2006 MRI Grant (Award No. 0618924) for SEM/EDS for carrying out the study. NR 43 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 7 U2 61 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1616-301X J9 ADV FUNCT MATER JI Adv. Funct. Mater. PD SEP 23 PY 2010 VL 20 IS 18 BP 3076 EP 3084 DI 10.1002/adfm.201000261 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 663SL UT WOS:000282910000011 ER PT J AU Milikh, GM Mishin, E Galkin, I Vartanyan, A Roth, C Reinisch, BW AF Milikh, G. M. Mishin, E. Galkin, I. Vartanyan, A. Roth, C. Reinisch, B. W. TI Ion outflows and artificial ducts in the topside ionosphere at HAARP SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HF RADIO-WAVES; DRIFT MEASUREMENTS AB New results of the DMSP satellite and HAARP digisonde observations during HF heating at the High-Frequency Active Auroral Program (HAARP) facility are described. For the first time, the DMSP satellites detected significant ion outflows associated with 10-30% density enhancements in the topside ionosphere above the heated region near the magnetic zenith. In addition, coincident high-cadence skymaps from the HAARP digisonde reveal field-aligned upward plasma flows inside the F-peak region. The SAMI2 2 model calculations are in fair agreement with the observations. Citation: Milikh, G. M., E. Mishin, I. Galkin, A. Vartanyan, C. Roth, and B. W. Reinisch (2010), Ion outflows and artificial ducts in the topside ionosphere at HAARP, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L18102, doi: 10.1029/2010GL044636. C1 [Milikh, G. M.; Vartanyan, A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Mishin, E.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Galkin, I.; Reinisch, B. W.] Univ Massachusetts, Ctr Atmospher Res, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. [Roth, C.] AER Inc, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. RP Milikh, GM (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. FU DARPA [N684228]; ONR [N0017302C60, N000140710789]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research; AF Research Laboratory [FA8718-L-0072] FX We thank Dennis Papadopoulos for helpful discussions. HAARP is a Department of Defense project operated jointly by the U.S. Air Force and U. S. Navy. G. M. and A. V. were supported by DARPA via a subcontract N684228 with BAE Systems and also by the ONR grants NAVY.N0017302C60 and MURI N000140710789. E. M. was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. I. G. and B. W. R. were supported by USAF grant FA8718-L-0072 of the AF Research Laboratory. We are also very thankful for Lee Snyder's help with the digisonde measurements. NR 14 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 23 PY 2010 VL 37 AR L18102 DI 10.1029/2010GL044636 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 656HG UT WOS:000282318900003 ER PT J AU Ling, AG Ginet, GP Hilmer, RV Perry, KL AF Ling, A. G. Ginet, G. P. Hilmer, R. V. Perry, K. L. TI A neural network-based geosynchronous relativistic electron flux forecasting model SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID SPACE WEATHER FORECAST; PREDICTION; ORBIT AB A multilayer feed-forward neural network model has been developed to forecast >2 MeV electron flux at geosynchronous orbit. The model uses as input 10 consecutive days of historical electron flux values and 7 consecutive days of daily summed values of the planetary Kp index with two neurons in a single hidden layer. Development of the model is discussed in which the size of the training set interval and the retraining period are investigated. Problems associated with neuron saturation which limit the ability of the network to generalize are shown to be circumvented through a daily retraining regimen. The model performance is evaluated for the period 1998-2008 and compared with the results produced by the REFM model. The neural network model is demonstrated to perform quite well relative to the REFM model for this time period, producing mean prediction efficiencies for 6 month test intervals of 0.71, 0.49, and 0.31 for 1 day, 2 day, and 3 day forecasts, respectively. C1 [Ling, A. G.] Atmospher & Environm Res Inc, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. [Ginet, G. P.] MIT Lincoln Lab, Grp 95, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. [Hilmer, R. V.] USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. [Perry, K. L.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. RP Ling, AG (reprint author), Atmospher & Environm Res Inc, 131 Hartwell Ave, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. EM aling@aer.com; gregory.ginet@ll.mit.edu; afrl.rvb.pa@hanscom.af.mil; kara.perry.1@bc.edu FU AFRL [FA8718-05-C-0036] FX We are grateful to Terry Onsager of NOAA/SWPC for providing the REFM model code. A.G.L. acknowledges support from AFRL contract FA8718-05-C-0036. NR 26 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1542-7390 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD SEP 23 PY 2010 VL 8 AR S09003 DI 10.1029/2010SW000576 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 656JT UT WOS:000282328300001 ER PT J AU Kim, SN Slocik, JM Naik, RR AF Kim, Sang N. Slocik, Joseph M. Naik, Rajesh R. TI Strategy for the Assembly of Carbon Nanotube-Metal Nanoparticle Hybrids Using Biointerfaces SO SMALL LA English DT Article ID GOLD NANOPARTICLES; GAS SENSOR; SINGLE; DNA; IONS; FABRICATION; SEPARATION; NANOWIRES; BIOSENSOR C1 [Kim, Sang N.; Slocik, Joseph M.; Naik, Rajesh R.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Naik, RR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Rajesh.Naik@wpafb.af.mil FU National Research Council Research Associateship Award at AFRL; AFOSR; AFRL/RX FX This research was performed while Dr. Kim held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at AFRL. Funding provided by AFOSR and AFRL/RX. The authors thank Dr. C. Devlin at AFRL for microlithography. NR 39 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 23 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1613-6810 J9 SMALL JI Small PD SEP 20 PY 2010 VL 6 IS 18 BP 1992 EP 1995 DI 10.1002/smll.201000755 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 660SR UT WOS:000282664800006 PM 20721951 ER PT J AU Senkov, ON Miracle, DB Barney, ER Hannon, AC Cheng, YQ Ma, E AF Senkov, O. N. Miracle, D. B. Barney, E. R. Hannon, A. C. Cheng, Y. Q. Ma, E. TI Local atomic structure of Ca-Mg-Zn metallic glasses SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID FORMING ABILITY; SPHERE PACKINGS; LIQUIDS; STABILITY; RANGE; ORDER; MODEL AB The amorphous structure of four Ca60MgXZn40-X (X= 10, 15, 20, and 25 at. %) ternary metallic glasses (MGs) has been investigated by neutron and x-ray diffraction, using Reverse Monte Carlo modeling to simulate the results. A critical analysis of the resultant models, corroborated by ab initio molecular-dynamics simulations, indicate that the glass structure for this system can be described as a mixture of Mg- and Zn-centered clusters, with Ca dominating in the first coordination shell of these clusters. A coordination number (CN) of 10 [with about 7 Ca and 3 (Mg + Zn) atoms] is most common for the Zn-centered clusters. CN=11 and 12 [with about 7-8 Ca and 4 (Mg + Zn) atoms] are most common for Mg-centered clusters. Fivefold bond configurations (pentagonal pyramids) dominate (similar to 60%) in the first coordination shell of the clusters, suggesting dense atomic packing. Bond-angle distributions suggest near-equilateral triangles and pentagonal bipyramids to be the most common nearest atom configurations. This is the systematic characterization of the structure of Ca-Mg-Zn MGs, a category of bulk MGs with interesting properties and intriguing applications. It is also the experimental verification of the principle of efficient packing of solute-centered clusters in ternary MGs. C1 [Senkov, O. N.; Miracle, D. B.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Barney, E. R.; Hannon, A. C.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Cheng, Y. Q.; Ma, E.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Senkov, ON (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM oleg.senkov@wpafb.af.mil RI Cheng, Yongqiang/F-6567-2010; Ma, En/A-3232-2010; Senkov, Oleg/C-7197-2012; OI Senkov, Oleg/0000-0001-5587-415X; Barney, Emma/0000-0002-8674-1840; Hannon, Alex/0000-0001-5914-1295 FU Science and Technology Facilities Council [RB 820097]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Air Force through UES, Inc. Dayton, Ohio [FA8650-10-D-5226]; National Science Foundation [NSF-DMR 0904188] FX Technical support from J. Michael Scott and Michael Braginsky and extensive discussions with Alexander Kolesnikov and Wojtek Dmowski are recognized. Neutron and x-ray experiments at the ISIS Pulsed Neutron and Muon Source were supported by a beamtime allocation (RB 820097) from the Science and Technology Facilities Council. Work at the Air Force Research Laboratory was supported through the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Joan Fuller, Program Manager) and the Air Force under on-site Contract No. FA8650-10-D-5226 conducted through UES, Inc. Dayton, Ohio. Work at John Hopkins University was supported through the National Science Foundation under Contract No. NSF-DMR 0904188. NR 45 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 32 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 16 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 10 AR 104206 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.104206 PG 13 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 652KJ UT WOS:000282005000004 ER PT J AU Crownover, B Zimmerman, E AF Crownover, Brian Zimmerman, Ethan TI Methylnaltrexone (Relistor) for Opioid-Induced Constipation SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Editorial Material ID ADVANCED ILLNESS C1 [Crownover, Brian; Zimmerman, Ethan] Nellis Family Med Residency, Nellis AFB, NV USA. RP Crownover, B (reprint author), Nellis Family Med Residency, Nellis AFB, NV USA. EM bkcrown@hotmail.com NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 USA SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD SEP 15 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 6 BP 678 EP + PG 2 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 656ST UT WOS:000282357600018 ER PT J AU Chavez, JL Lyon, W Kelley-Loughnane, N Stone, MO AF Chavez, Jorge L. Lyon, Wanda Kelley-Loughnane, Nancy Stone, Morley O. TI Theophylline detection using an aptamer and DNA-gold nanoparticle conjugates SO BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE Gold nanoparticles; Aptamer; Theophylline; Colorimetric; Spacer effect ID MOLECULAR DISCRIMINATION; RNA; BIOSENSOR; LIGANDS; SENSOR; SERUM AB A detection system for theophylline that combined the recognition properties of an aptamer and the plasmonic response of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) is presented. The aptamer was used as a linker for AuNPs functionalized with complementary sequences to the aptamer (DNA AuNPs), producing supramolecular complexes that disassemble when exposed to theophylline due to aptamer binding The detection event was reported as a change in the AuNPs plasmonic peak and intensity. Addition of a spacer on the DNA immobilized on the AuNPs facing the aptamer binding site improved the aggregates response, doubling the detection range of system response to theophylline Modification of the oligonucleotides immobilized on the AuNPs that reduced the interparticle distance in the aggregated state suppressed their response to theophylline and addition of the spacer recovered it. This work demonstrated that the design of oligonucleondes immobilized on the AuNPs could be used to improve their plasmonic response without affecting aptamer performance Published by Elsevier B V C1 [Chavez, Jorge L.; Lyon, Wanda; Kelley-Loughnane, Nancy; Stone, Morley O.] USAF, Res Lab, Appl Biotechnol Branch, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Stone, MO (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Appl Biotechnol Branch, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory FX This work was funded by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. JLC participation was supported in part by an appointment to the Postgraduate Research Participation Program at the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and USAFRL. NR 24 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-5663 J9 BIOSENS BIOELECTRON JI Biosens. Bioelectron. PD SEP 15 PY 2010 VL 26 IS 1 BP 23 EP 28 DI 10.1016/j.bios.2010.04.049 PG 6 WC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 659IP UT WOS:000282560500004 PM 20605714 ER PT J AU Cook, G Barnes, JL Basun, SA Evans, DR Ziolo, RF Ponce, A Reshetnyak, VY Glushchenko, A Banerjee, PP AF Cook, G. Barnes, J. L. Basun, S. A. Evans, D. R. Ziolo, R. F. Ponce, A. Reshetnyak, V. Yu. Glushchenko, A. Banerjee, P. P. TI Harvesting single ferroelectric domain stressed nanoparticles for optical and ferroic applications SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CERAMICS; BEHAVIOR; SIZE AB We describe techniques to selectively harvest single ferroelectric domain nanoparticles of BaTiO(3) as small as 9 nm from a plethora of nanoparticles produced by mechanical grinding. High resolution transmission electron microscopy imaging shows the unidomain atomic structure of the nanoparticles and reveals compressive and tensile surface strains which are attributed to the preservation of ferroelectric behavior in these particles. We demonstrate the positive benefits of using harvested nanoparticles in disparate liquid crystal systems. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3477163] C1 [Cook, G.; Barnes, J. L.; Basun, S. A.; Evans, D. R.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Cook, G.] Azimuth Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Barnes, J. L.] Gen Dynam Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Basun, S. A.] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Ziolo, R. F.; Ponce, A.] Ctr Invest Quim Aplicada, Saltillo 25250, Coahuila, Mexico. [Reshetnyak, V. Yu.] Natl Taras Shevchenko Univ Kyiv, UA-01601 Kiev, Ukraine. [Glushchenko, A.] Univ Colorado, Colorado Springs, CO 80918 USA. [Banerjee, P. P.] Univ Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Cook, G (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM dean.evans@wpafb.af.mil RI Reshetnyak, Victor/B-6722-2008; Ponce Pedraza, Arturo/L-4712-2013 OI Reshetnyak, Victor/0000-0003-0515-9814; Ponce Pedraza, Arturo/0000-0001-5529-6468 NR 22 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 15 PY 2010 VL 108 IS 6 AR 064309 DI 10.1063/1.3477163 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 660MD UT WOS:000282646400132 ER PT J AU Fang, ZQ Claflin, B Look, DC Green, DS Vetury, R AF Fang, Z-Q Claflin, B. Look, D. C. Green, D. S. Vetury, R. TI Deep traps in AlGaN/GaN heterostructures studied by deep level transient spectroscopy: Effect of carbon concentration in GaN buffer layers SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE aluminium compounds; buffer layers; deep level transient spectroscopy; dislocation density; electron traps; gallium compounds; grain size; high electron mobility transistors; hole traps; III-V semiconductors; leakage currents; Schottky diodes; semiconductor heterojunctions; wide band gap semiconductors ID N-TYPE GAN; EPITAXY; HEMTS AB Electrical properties, including leakage currents, threshold voltages, and deep traps, of AlGaN/GaN heterostructure wafers with different concentrations of carbon in the GaN buffer layer, have been investigated by temperature dependent current-voltage and capacitance-voltage measurements and deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS), using Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs). It is found that (i) SBDs fabricated on the wafers with GaN buffer layers containing a low concentration of carbon (low-[C] SBD) or a high concentration of carbon (high-[C] SBD) have similar low leakage currents even at 500 K; and (ii) the low-[C] SBD exhibits a larger (negative) threshold voltage than the high-[C] SBD. Detailed DLTS measurements on the two SBDs show that (i) different trap species are seen in the two SBDs: electron traps A(x) (0.9 eV), A(1) (0.99 eV), and A(2) (1.2 eV), and a holelike trap H(1) (1.24 eV) in the low-[C] SBD; and electron traps A(1), A(2), and A(3) (similar to 1.3 eV), and a holelike trap H(2) (>1.3 eV) in the high-[C] SBD; (ii) for both SDBs, in the region close to GaN buffer layer, only electron traps can be detected, while in the AlGaN/GaN interface region, significant holelike traps appear; and iii) all of the deep traps show a strong dependence of the DLTS signal on filling pulse width, which indicates they are associated with extended defects, such as threading dislocations. However, the overall density of electron traps is lower in the low-[C] SBD than in the high-[C] SBD. The different traps observed in the two SBDs are thought to be mainly related to differences in microstructure (grain size and threading dislocation density) of GaN buffer layers grown at different pressures. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3488610] C1 [Fang, Z-Q; Claflin, B.; Look, D. C.] Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Green, D. S.; Vetury, R.] RF Micro Devices Inc, Def & Power, Charlotte, NC 28269 USA. [Fang, Z-Q; Claflin, B.; Look, D. C.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Fang, ZQ (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM zhaoqiang.fang@wright.edu FU AFRL-lead National High Reliability Electronics Virtual Center (HiREV); AFRL's Materials & Manufacturing Directorate [FA8650-06-D-5401] FX We would like to thank Dr. Donald Dorsey for encouragement and support, and Tim Cooper for Hall-effect measurements. This work was performed by the AFRL-lead National High Reliability Electronics Virtual Center (HiREV). The work of Z.-Q.F., B. C., and D. C. L. was directly supported by AFRL's Materials & Manufacturing Directorate under Contract No. FA8650-06-D-5401. NR 16 TC 45 Z9 48 U1 5 U2 62 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 15 PY 2010 VL 108 IS 6 AR 063706 DI 10.1063/1.3488610 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 660MD UT WOS:000282646400065 ER PT J AU Cambrea, LR Davis, MC Groshens, TJ Guenthner, AJ Lamison, KR Mabry, JM AF Cambrea, Lee R. Davis, Matthew C. Groshens, Thomas J. Guenthner, Andrew J. Lamison, Kevin R. Mabry, Joseph M. TI A New Room-Temperature Liquid, High-Performance Tricyanate Ester SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART A-POLYMER CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE cyclopolymerization; differential scanning calorimetry; high performance polymers; thermosets ID CYANATE ESTER; RESIN; ENAMINONES; 1,3,5-TRIAROYLBENZENES; COMPOSITES; POLYMERS; SCALE AB A new tricyanate ester monomer of a tris(4-hydroxyphenyl) benzene derivative was synthesized in 6-steps with a 63% overall yield. The geminal substitution of phenyl rings on ethane, in addition to the creation of a racemic/diastereomeric mixture, resulted in a liquid monomer whereas compounds with similar structure and symmetry have melting points typically over 100 degrees C. Key properties of the polycyanurate, such as the glass transition temperature and moisture resistance, were positively influenced by the higher crosslink density provided by the monomer. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 4547-4554, 2010 C1 [Cambrea, Lee R.; Davis, Matthew C.; Groshens, Thomas J.] USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Michelson Lab, Chem & Mat Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. [Guenthner, Andrew J.; Lamison, Kevin R.; Mabry, Joseph M.] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Edwards AFB, CA 93525 USA. RP Davis, MC (reprint author), USN, Air Warfare Ctr, Michelson Lab, Chem & Mat Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM matthew.davis@navy.mil FU In-house Laboratory Independent Research award from the Office of Naval Research; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX Financial support through an In-house Laboratory Independent Research award from the Office of Naval Research, and funding from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, is gratefully acknowledged. Thanks to Dan Bliss (NAWCWD) for assistance with thermogravimetric analyses. NR 32 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-624X J9 J POLYM SCI POL CHEM JI J. Polym. Sci. Pol. Chem. PD SEP 15 PY 2010 VL 48 IS 20 BP 4547 EP 4554 DI 10.1002/pola.24246 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 662VE UT WOS:000282841400021 ER PT J AU White, TJ Bricker, RL Natarajan, LV Tondiglia, VP Bailey, C Green, L Li, QA Bunning, TJ AF White, Timothy J. Bricker, Rebecca L. Natarajan, Lalgudi V. Tondiglia, Vincent P. Bailey, Christopher Green, Lisa Li, Quan Bunning, Timothy J. TI Electromechanical and light tunable cholesteric liquid crystals SO OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID SHUTTERS; PITCH; COLOR; SWITCHES; LASERS; FILTER AB A light-responsive cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) mixture is tuned with light and applied DC electric field. Interestingly, the reflection of the CLC is red shifted with UV light and blue shifted with applied DC electric fields. UV light exposure induces a red shift in the reflection of the CLC bandgap by as much as 800 nm from the original spectral position. Spatial variations in pitch (and thus reflection color) are shown to blue shift with applied DC field regardless of the photohistory and restore the notch position or image upon removal of the field. The ability to tune the reflection of the CLC bandgap on demand to the red or blue with multiple stimuli is a never before demonstrated effect that could have potential utility in lasing, optical filtering, or data communication applications. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [White, Timothy J.; Bricker, Rebecca L.; Natarajan, Lalgudi V.; Tondiglia, Vincent P.; Bailey, Christopher; Bunning, Timothy J.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Bricker, Rebecca L.] SOCHE Inc, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Natarajan, Lalgudi V.; Tondiglia, Vincent P.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Bailey, Christopher] Natl Res Corp, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Green, Lisa; Li, Quan] Kent State Univ, Inst Liquid Crystal, Kent, OH 44242 USA. RP White, TJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, 3005 Hobson Way Ste 1, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM timothy.white2@wpafb.af.mil RI White, Timothy/D-4392-2012 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); Materials and Manufacturing Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory FX We gratefully acknowledge funding from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) and the Materials and Manufacturing Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory. NR 35 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0030-4018 EI 1873-0310 J9 OPT COMMUN JI Opt. Commun. PD SEP 15 PY 2010 VL 283 IS 18 BP 3434 EP 3436 DI 10.1016/j.optcom.2010.04.057 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 627PE UT WOS:000280051300013 ER PT J AU Hessenius, C Terry, N Fallahi, M Moloney, J Bedford, R AF Hessenius, Chris Terry, Nathan Fallahi, Mahmoud Moloney, Jerome Bedford, Robert TI Gain coupling of class A semiconductor lasers SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID VECSEL; FREQUENCY AB We report on the development of a gain-coupled class A semiconductor laser for dual-wavelength generation via optical switching. A vertical external cavity surface emitting laser (VECSEL) structure is used, because it provides a flexible platform for high-power, high-brightness output in the near-IR and visible ranges. For the first time (to our knowledge), two VECSEL cavities sharing a common gain region are studied. Because the cavities are in competition for common carriers, birefringent filters in the external cavity control the laser cavity thresholds; this configuration demonstrates the possibility of switching between the two cavities, which can operate at different wavelengths. However, in this Letter we also show, numerically and experimentally, that with the consideration of spontaneous emission, it is possible to maintain simultaneous lasing in each cavity at a different wavelength. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Hessenius, Chris; Fallahi, Mahmoud; Moloney, Jerome] Univ Arizona, Coll Opt Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Terry, Nathan; Bedford, Robert] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hessenius, C (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Coll Opt Sci, 1630 E Univ Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM chessenius@optics.arizona.edu FU United States Air Force Research Laboratory (USAFRL)/RY Director ER funds; United States Air Force Office of Scientific Research (USAFOSR) lab task [08RY08COR]; National Science Foundation (NSF); State of Arizona Technology & Research Initiative Funding Photonics Foundation FX This work is supported by the United States Air Force Research Laboratory (USAFRL)/RY Director ER funds and the United States Air Force Office of Scientific Research (USAFOSR) lab task 08RY08COR. The authors would also like to acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the State of Arizona Technology & Research Initiative Funding Photonics Foundation. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD SEP 15 PY 2010 VL 35 IS 18 BP 3060 EP 3062 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 652HN UT WOS:000281994500021 PM 20847778 ER PT J AU Dajani, I Zeringue, C Lu, CT Vergien, C Henry, L Robin, C AF Dajani, Iyad Zeringue, Clint Lu, Chunte Vergien, Christopher Henry, Leanne Robin, Craig TI Stimulated Brillouin scattering suppression through laser gain competition: scalability to high power SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NARROW-LINEWIDTH; FIBER AMPLIFIER AB We demonstrate stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) suppression in a Yb-doped fiber amplifier by seeding with a combination of broad- and single-frequency laser beams that are separated sufficiently to suppress four-wave mixing and to allow for efficient laser gain competition between the two signals. In the experiment, a monolithic fiber configuration was used. With appropriate selection of seed power ratio, we were able to generate single-frequency 1064 nm light with a slope efficiency of 78% while simultaneously suppressing the backscattered Stokes light. We discuss scalability to high power wherein a large thermal gradient can be induced at the output end of the fiber via quantum defect heating, leading to an SBS suppression factor comparable to counterpumping. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Dajani, Iyad; Zeringue, Clint; Lu, Chunte; Vergien, Christopher; Henry, Leanne; Robin, Craig] USAF, Adv Elect Laser Branch, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Dajani, I (reprint author), USAF, Adv Elect Laser Branch, Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM Iyad.Dajani@kirtland.af.mil FU High Energy Laser Joint Technology Office (HEL-JTO); U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (USAFOSR) FX This work was partially funded by the High Energy Laser Joint Technology Office (HEL-JTO) and the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (USAFOSR). We thank Harold Miller and Alan Paxton for fruitful discussions. NR 6 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 9 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD SEP 15 PY 2010 VL 35 IS 18 BP 3114 EP 3116 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 652HN UT WOS:000281994500039 PM 20847796 ER PT J AU French, DM Hoff, BW Lau, YY Gilgenbach, RM AF French, David M. Hoff, Brad W. Lau, Y. Y. Gilgenbach, R. M. TI Negative, positive, and infinite mass properties of a rotating electron beam SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INSTABILITIES; SIMULATIONS; MAGNETRON; LAYERS AB An electron rotating under a uniform axial magnetic field and a radial electric field exhibits an effective mass that may be negative, positive, or infinite, in response to an azimuthal electric field. This paper reports simulation results that show instability and stability when the effective mass are negative and positive, respectively, depending on the magnitude and orientation of the radial electric field. Thus, the inverted magnetron would have a much faster startup than the conventional magnetron, an important consideration for pulsed operation. When the effective mass is infinite, the electrons hardly respond to an azimuthal ac electric field. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3488833] C1 [French, David M.; Lau, Y. Y.; Gilgenbach, R. M.] Univ Michigan, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Hoff, Brad W.] USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP French, DM (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM yylau@umich.edu FU AFOSR [FA9550-10-1-0104]; AFRL; ONR [N00014-09-1-1084]; L-3 Communications Electron Device Division; Northrop-Grumman Corporation; NDSEG FX This work was supported by AFOSR (Grant No. FA9550-10-1-0104), AFRL, ONR (Grant No. N00014-09-1-1084), L-3 Communications Electron Device Division, and Northrop-Grumman Corporation. D.M.F. was supported by an NDSEG fellowship. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 13 PY 2010 VL 97 IS 11 AR 111501 DI 10.1063/1.3488833 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 652TN UT WOS:000282032900016 ER PT J AU Sun, G Soref, RA Cheng, HH AF Sun, G. Soref, R. A. Cheng, H. H. TI Design of a Si-based lattice-matched room-temperature GeSn/GeSiSn multi-quantum-well mid-infrared laser diode SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID BAND-GAP; ALLOYS; SEMICONDUCTORS AB This paper presents modeling and simulation of a silicon-based group IV semiconductor injection laser diode in which the active region has a multiple quantum well structure formed with Ge0.9Sn0.1 quantum wells separated by Ge0.75Si0.1Sn0.15 barriers. These alloy compositions were chosen to satisfy three conditions simultaneously: a direct band gap for Ge0.9Sn0.1, type-I band alignment between Ge0.9Sn0.1 and Ge0.75Si0.1Sn0.15, and a lattice match between wells and barriers. This match ensures that the entire structure can be grown strain free upon a relaxed Ge0.75Si0.1Sn0.15 buffer on a silicon substrate - a CMOS compatible process. Detailed analysis is performed for the type I band offsets, carrier lifetime, optical confinement, and modal gain. The carrier lifetime is found to be dominated by the spontaneous radiative process rather than the Auger process. The modal gain has a rather sensitive dependence on the number of quantum wells in the active region. The proposed laser is predicted to operate at 2.3 mu m in the mid infrared at room temperature. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Sun, G.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02125 USA. [Soref, R. A.] USAF, Sensors Directorate, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Cheng, H. H.] Natl Taiwan Univ, Ctr Condensed Matter Sci, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. RP Sun, G (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, 100 Morrissey Blvd, Boston, MA 02125 USA. EM greg.sun@umb.edu RI 李, 輝/B-1359-2016 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX This work was supported in part by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Dr. Gernot Pomrenke, Program Manager. NR 17 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 6 U2 32 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD SEP 13 PY 2010 VL 18 IS 19 BP 19957 EP 19965 DI 10.1364/OE.18.019957 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 649NX UT WOS:000281779600038 PM 20940887 ER PT J AU Avrutsky, I Soref, R Buchwald, W AF Avrutsky, Ivan Soref, Richard Buchwald, Walter TI Mid-infrared optical parametric oscillators based on uniform GaP waveguides SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID FREQUENCY-CONVERSION; DOWN-CONVERSION; GENERATION; AMPLIFIERS AB Integrated chip-scale optical systems are an attractive platform for the implementation of non-linear optical interactions as they promise compact robust devices that operate reliably with lower power consumption compared to analogs based on bulk nonlinear crystals. The use of guided modes to facilitate nonlinear parametric interactions between optical fields, as opposed to bulk beams, has certain implications on optical parametric oscillations, the most important of which are additional methods for achieving phase synchronism and reduced threshold power due to the tight confinement associated with the guided modes. This work presents a theoretical investigation on the use of polarization dependent mode dispersion in guided wave structures as a means to achieve non-linear parametric oscillations from continuous wave sources with outputs in the mid-infrared region of the spectrum. An Al2O3/GaP/Al2O3 waveguide system is investigated and shown to produce parametric oscillations at 3 mu m to 5 mu m from 1 mu m to 2 mu m input waves utilizing 0.14 mu m to 0.30 mu m GaP cores. The threshold power is shown to be 320 x less than that obtainable using more traditional quasi-phase matched bulk crystals over the same wavelength range. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Avrutsky, Ivan] Wayne State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. [Soref, Richard; Buchwald, Walter] USAF, Sensors Directorate, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Avrutsky, I (reprint author), Wayne State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. EM ivan.avrutsky@wayne.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) FX This work is supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR), Dr. Gernot Pomrenke, Program Manager. Ivan Avrutsky acknowledges support of the AFOSR/ASEE Summer Faculty Fellowship Program at Hanscom AFB. The authors thank Dr. D. Bliss and Dr. C. Lynch of Hanscom AFRL for helpful discussions. NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 10 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD SEP 13 PY 2010 VL 18 IS 19 BP 20370 EP 20383 DI 10.1364/OE.18.020370 PG 14 WC Optics SC Optics GA 649NX UT WOS:000281779600075 PM 20940929 ER PT J AU Yepez, J Vahala, G Vahala, L Soe, M AF Yepez, Jeffrey Vahala, George Vahala, Linda Soe, Min TI Comment on "Superfluid Turbulence from Quantum Kelvin Wave to Classical Kolmogorov Cascades" Reply SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Yepez, Jeffrey] USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Vahala, George] Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23185 USA. [Vahala, Linda] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Soe, Min] Rogers State Univ, Dept Math & Phys Sci, Claremore, OK 74017 USA. RP Yepez, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 13 PY 2010 VL 105 IS 12 AR 129402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.129402 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 649SB UT WOS:000281792400017 ER PT J AU Caswell, AW Kraetschmer, T Rein, K Sanders, ST Roy, S Shouse, DT Gord, JR AF Caswell, Andrew W. Kraetschmer, Thilo Rein, Keith Sanders, Scott T. Roy, Sukesh Shouse, Dale T. Gord, James R. TI Application of time-division-multiplexed lasers for measurements of gas temperature and CH4 and H2O concentrations at 30 kHz in a high-pressure combustor SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; HYPERSPECTRAL TOMOGRAPHY; DIODE-LASERS; MODE-LOCKING; LIGHT-SOURCE; SPECTROMETER; THERMOMETRY; PARAMETERS; CAVITY AB Two time-division-multiplexed (TDM) sources based on fiber Bragg gratings were applied to monitor gas temperature, H2O mole fraction, and CH4 mole fraction using line-of-sight absorption spectroscopy in a practical high-pressure gas turbine combustor test article. Collectively, the two sources cycle through 14 wavelengths in the 1329-1667 nm range every 33 mu s. Although it is based on absorption spectroscopy, this sensing technology is fundamentally different from typical diode-laser-based absorption sensors and has many advantages. Specifically, the TDM lasers allow efficient, flexible acquisition of discrete-wavelength information over a wide spectral range at very high speeds (typically 30 kHz) and thereby provide a multiplicity of precise data at high speeds. For the present gas turbine application, the TDM source wavelengths were chosen using simulated temperature-difference spectra. This approach is used to select TDM wavelengths that are near the optimum values for precise temperature and species-concentration measurements. The application of TDM lasers for other measurements in high-pressure, turbulent reacting flows and for two-dimensional tomographic reconstruction of the temperature and species-concentration fields is also forecast. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Caswell, Andrew W.; Kraetschmer, Thilo; Rein, Keith; Sanders, Scott T.] Univ Wisconsin, Engine Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Roy, Sukesh] Spectral Energies LLC, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Shouse, Dale T.; Gord, James R.] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sanders, ST (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Engine Res Ctr, 1500 Engn Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM sts@me.wisc.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) [FA8650-09-C-2946, FA8650-09-C-2001]; United States Air Force Office of Scientific Research (USAFOSR) FX Funding for this research was provided by the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) under contracts FA8650-09-C-2946 and FA8650-09-C-2001 and by the United States Air Force Office of Scientific Research (USAFOSR) (Dr. Julian Tishkoff, Program Manager). The authors gratefully acknowledge the Photonics Technology Access Program administered by the Optoelectronics Industry Development Association and monitored by Marko Slusarczuk for providing some of the fiber-optic components, included in the TDM sources. NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 8 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD SEP 10 PY 2010 VL 49 IS 26 BP 4963 EP 4972 DI 10.1364/AO.49.004963 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 648PN UT WOS:000281706500015 PM 20830185 ER PT J AU Zelmon, DE Northridge, JM Lee, JJ Currin, KM Perlov, D AF Zelmon, David E. Northridge, Jessica M. Lee, Julie J. Currin, Kelly M. Perlov, Dan TI Optical properties of Nd-doped rare-earth vanadates SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID WAVE LASER PERFORMANCE; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; SPECTROSCOPIC CHARACTERIZATION; INTENSITY PARAMETERS; ND-LUVO4 CRYSTAL; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; ND-GDVO4 LASER; GROWTH; IONS; TRANSITIONS AB Rare-earth orthovanadates are being used as substitutes for traditional solid-state laser hosts, such as YAG. While the most common of these is yttrium orthovanadate, other rare-earth vanadates, such as lutetium vanadate and gadolinium vanadate, are being used for their special properties in certain applications. We report new measurements of the refractive indices and thermo-optic coefficients of these materials, which will aid in the design of laser cavities and other nonlinear optical elements. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Zelmon, David E.; Northridge, Jessica M.; Lee, Julie J.; Currin, Kelly M.] USAF, Res Lab, RXPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Perlov, Dan] Coherent Crystal Associates, E Hanover, NJ 07936 USA. RP Zelmon, DE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, RXPS, 3005 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM David.Zelmon@wpafb.af.mil NR 36 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 22 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD SEP 10 PY 2010 VL 49 IS 26 BP 4973 EP 4978 DI 10.1364/AO.49.004973 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 648PN UT WOS:000281706500016 PM 20830186 ER PT J AU Stephan, CN Cicolini, J AF Stephan, Carl N. Cicolini, Jody TI The reproducibility of facial approximation accuracy results generated from photo-spread tests SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Forensic science; Facial reconstruction; Facial reproduction; Face array; Face pool; Face gallery ID SEQUENTIAL LINEUP PRESENTATION; EYEWITNESS IDENTIFICATION; UNFAMILIAR FACES; CRANIOFACIAL IDENTIFICATION; HUMAN EYEBALL; RECOGNITION; RECONSTRUCTION; CONSTRUCTION; PLACEMENT; FAMILIAR AB The accuracies of facial approximations have been measured by determining the frequency that examiners recognize correctly matching faces from photo-spreads under blind conditions. However, the reliability of these studies is unknown and warrants investigation since photo-spread results are based on subjective judgements of typically small single groups of examiners (<150 individuals). Moreover, statistical significance tests hold limited value for gauging reliability since these probabilities are only applicable to exactly matched study samples. To redress this issue, this study measured the repeatability of photo-spread results using three previously published facial approximations, the same photo-spread from the original study, and four independent groups of examiners (the original study group (trial 1); and three retest groups: trial 2 = c. 40 individuals; trial 3 = c. 75 individuals; and trial 4 = c. 115 individuals). Across all three facial approximations, differences in recognition rates varied from 0% to 31% between independent samples of examiners. For the nine faces that commonly received high recognition scores, the largest mean difference was 18%. This indicates that when a photo-spread size of 10 faces is used, the results generated from a sample of <115 examiners should be considered approximate, and that any differences in the recognition rates that do not exceed 18% should be considered to be negligible. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 [Stephan, Carl N.] Joint POW MIA Accounting Command, Cent Identificat Lab, Hickam AFB, HI 96853 USA. [Stephan, Carl N.; Cicolini, Jody] Univ Queensland, Sch Biomed Sci, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. RP Stephan, CN (reprint author), Joint POW MIA Accounting Command, Cent Identificat Lab, 310 Worchester Ave,Bldg 45, Hickam AFB, HI 96853 USA. EM carl.stephan.AU@jpac.pacom.mil RI Stephan, Carl/E-2408-2012; Stephan, Carl/A-8176-2015 OI Stephan, Carl/0000-0001-8696-3809 FU Joint POW/MIA Accounting Command-Central Identification Laboratory FX This work was supported, in part, by an appointment to the Postgraduate Research Participation Program at the Joint POW/MIA Accounting Command-Central Identification Laboratory, administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U. S. Department of Energy and the JPAC-CIL. The views and opinions contained herein are solely those of the authors and are not to be construed as official, or as views of the US Department of Defense and/or any of the US Armed Forces. NR 45 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0379-0738 J9 FORENSIC SCI INT JI Forensic Sci.Int. PD SEP 10 PY 2010 VL 201 IS 1-3 BP 133 EP 137 DI 10.1016/j.forsciint.2010.02.028 PG 5 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 634UI UT WOS:000280610700025 PM 20338702 ER PT J AU Stephan, CN AF Stephan, Carl N. TI The human masseter muscle and its biological correlates: A review of published data pertinent to face prediction SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Forensic science; Muscles of mastication; Facial approximation; Facial reconstruction; Facial reproduction ID CROSS-SECTIONAL AREA; HUMAN JAW MUSCLES; HUMAN MASTICATORY MUSCLES; MEDIAL PTERYGOID MUSCLES; FACIAL MORPHOLOGY; BITE-FORCE; CRANIOFACIAL MORPHOLOGY; COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; TENDON ENTHESES; HUMAN EYEBALL AB The masseter muscle forms a cornerstone of anatomical facial reconstruction (FR) methods, yet it is only scantily described in the FR literature despite relatively intense research focus from other disciplines. This suggests that much more data exists for masseter prediction than that which is currently used in FR. This paper reviews the masseter muscle and finds that highly pertinent anatomical and metric data to be available despite being overlooked in the FR literature. This includes variance and means of the perimeter dimensions, thicknesses, cross-sectional areas, volumes, metrics associated with muscle attachment, and correlations with other biological and craniometric variables (such as sex, age, tooth loss, cranial breadths, facial heights, alveolar thicknesses, and gonial angles). The oversight of these metric data adds to a general pattern seen for other hallmark structures of the face in FR and, taken together, these observations hold major ramifications for longstanding debates of FR accuracy, reliability, and error. Irrespectively, the data reviewed in this manuscript help set an improved basis for quantification of FR techniques. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 [Stephan, Carl N.] Joint POW MIA Accounting Command, Cent Identificat Lab, Hickam AFB, HI 96853 USA. [Stephan, Carl N.] Univ Queensland, Sch Biomed Sci, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. RP Stephan, CN (reprint author), Joint POW MIA Accounting Command, Cent Identificat Lab, 310 Worchester Ave,Bldg 45, Hickam AFB, HI 96853 USA. EM carl.stephan.AU@jpac.pacom.mil RI Stephan, Carl/E-2408-2012; Stephan, Carl/A-8176-2015 OI Stephan, Carl/0000-0001-8696-3809 FU US Department of Energy; JPAC-CIL FX This work was supported, in part, by an appointment to the Postgraduate Research Participation Program at the Joint POW/MIA Accounting Command-Central Identification Laboratory, administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the US Department of Energy and the JPAC-CIL. The views and opinions contained herein are solely those of the authors and are not to be construed as official, or as views of the US Department of Defense and/or any of the US Armed Forces. NR 88 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0379-0738 J9 FORENSIC SCI INT JI Forensic Sci.Int. PD SEP 10 PY 2010 VL 201 IS 1-3 BP 153 EP 159 DI 10.1016/j.forsciint.2010.02.026 PG 7 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 634UI UT WOS:000280610700028 PM 20338704 ER PT J AU Pandey, RB Heinz, H Feng, J Farmer, BL AF Pandey, R. B. Heinz, Hendrik Feng, Jie Farmer, Barry L. TI Biofunctionalization and immobilization of a membrane via peptide binding (CR3-1, S2) by a Monte Carlo simulation SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE binding energy; biochemistry; biomembrane transport; bonds (chemical); cell motility; molecular biophysics; molecular configurations; Monte Carlo methods; physiological models; proteins; stochastic processes ID TETHERED MEMBRANES; CELL-ADHESION; SURFACES; TEMPERATURE; DYNAMICS; PLATELETS; POLYMERS AB A coarse-grained computer simulation model is used to study the immobilization of a dynamic tethered membrane (representation of a clay platelet) in a matrix of mobile peptide chains CR3-1:(1)Trp-(2)Pro-(3)Ser-(4)Ser-(5)Tyr-(6)Leu-(7)Ser-(8)Pro-(9)Ile-(10)Pro-(11)Tyr-(12)Ser and S2:(1)His-(2)Gly-(3)Ile-(4)Asn-(5)Thr-(6)Thr-(7)Lys-(8)Pro-(9)Phe-(10)Lys-(11)Ser-(12)Val on a cubic lattice. Each residue interacts with the membrane nodes with appropriate interaction and executes their stochastic motion with the Metropolis algorithm. Density profiles, binding energy of each residue, mobility, and targeted structural profile are analyzed as a function of peptide concentration. We find that the binding of peptides S2 is anchored by lysine residues ((7)Lys,(10)Lys) while peptides CR3-1 do not bind to membrane. The membrane slows down as peptides (S2) continues to bind leading to its eventual pinning. How fast the immobilization of the membrane occurs depends on peptide concentration. Binding of peptide (S2) modulates the morphology of the membrane. The immobilization of membrane occurs faster if peptides (S2) are replaced by the homopolymer of lysine ([Lys](12) of the same molecular weight), the strongest binding residue. The surface of membrane can be patterned with somewhat reduced roughness with the homopolymer of lysine than that with peptide (S2). (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3484241] C1 [Pandey, R. B.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Phys & Astron, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. [Heinz, Hendrik; Feng, Jie] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Farmer, Barry L.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXBP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pandey, RB (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Dept Phys & Astron, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. EM ras.pandey@usm.edu RI Heinz, Hendrik/E-3866-2010 OI Heinz, Hendrik/0000-0002-6776-7404 FU Materials and Manufacturing Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory is FX Support from the Materials and Manufacturing Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory is gratefully acknowledged. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD SEP 7 PY 2010 VL 133 IS 9 AR 095102 DI 10.1063/1.3484241 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 649BX UT WOS:000281742900032 PM 20831337 ER PT J AU Peri, SR Habersberger, B Akgun, B Jiang, H Enlow, J Bunning, TJ Majkrzak, CF Foster, MD AF Peri, Someswara R. Habersberger, Brian Akgun, Bulent Jiang, Hao Enlow, Jesse Bunning, Timothy J. Majkrzak, Charles F. Foster, Mark D. TI Variations in cross-link density with deposition pressure in ultrathin plasma polymerized benzene and octafluorocyclobutane films SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE Plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition; Cross-link density; Neutron reflectometry ID ELECTRON-SPIN-RESONANCE; FREE-RADICAL FORMATION; X-RAY; THIN-FILMS; NEUTRON REFLECTOMETRY; REFLECTIVITY AB Neutron reflectometry (NR) measurements of ultrathin films from octafluorocyclobutane (OFCB) and benzene (B) precursors deposited using Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (PECVD) at two pressures (0 6 and 0.05 torr) reveal that under both deposition conditions there are a 7 nm-thick surface layer and an approximately 1 nm-thick transition layer next to the substrate which have structures different than those in the middle of the film NR measurements of films swollen with solvent reveal that the density of cross-linking next to the substrate is lower than that in the middle of the film or the region adjacent to the surface of the film for both precursors Variations in the cross-link density with processing pressure are much stronger for PP-B films than for PP-OFCB films (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved C1 [Peri, Someswara R.; Habersberger, Brian; Foster, Mark D.] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Akgun, Bulent; Majkrzak, Charles F.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Akgun, Bulent] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Jiang, Hao; Enlow, Jesse; Bunning, Timothy J.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Foster, MD (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Sci, 170 Univ Ave, Akron, OH 44325 USA. RI Akgun, Bulent/H-3798-2011 FU Collaborative Center for Polymer Photonics [49620-02-1-0428]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Air Force Research Laboratory; University of Akron FX This research was funded by the Collaborative Center for Polymer Photonics (49620-02-1-0428) which is co-funded by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Air Force Research Laboratory, and The University of Akron We acknowledge the support of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce, in providing the neutron research facilities used in this work. We thank C. Wolden for helpful comments regarding the polymerization mechanism and John Grant for XPS measurements NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD SEP 3 PY 2010 VL 51 IS 19 BP 4390 EP 4397 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2010.07.026 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 646AA UT WOS:000281506100014 ER PT J AU Lu, WJ Boeckl, JJ Mitchel, WC AF Lu, Weijie Boeckl, John J. Mitchel, William C. TI A critical review of growth of low-dimensional carbon nanostructures on SiC (0 0 0 1): impact of growth environment SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; EPITAXIAL GRAPHENE; SILICON-CARBIDE; SURFACE DECOMPOSITION; NANOTUBE FILMS; HETEROEPITAXIAL GRAPHITE; ATMOSPHERIC-PRESSURE; GRAPHITIZATION; 6H-SIC(0001); SIC(0001) AB Graphene and carbon nanotube (CNT) structures have promise for many electronic device applications and both have been grown on SiC through the decomposition of the substrate. It is well known that both graphene and aligned CNTs are grown under similar conditions with overlapping temperature and pressure ranges, but a fundamental understanding of the two types of growths is actively being researched. Moreover, various technical challenges need to be overcome to achieve improvement in the electronic and structural quality of these carbon-based nanostructures on SiC. Specifically, an understanding and control of the SiC surface graphitization process and interface structure needs to be established. In this review, we focus on graphene growth on SiC (0 0 0 1) (Si-face) as a model system in comparison with aligned CNT growth on SiC. The experimental growth aspects for graphene growth, including vacuum and ambient growth environments, and growth temperature are summarized, then proposed decomposition and growth mechanisms are discussed. Both thermal and chemical decomposition processes are presented and special emphasis is given to the role of growth process variations between laboratories. The chemical reactions driving the graphitization process and ultimately the carbon nanostructure growth on SiC are discussed. It is suggested that the composition of the residual gases in the growth environment is a critical parameter and that gas composition at the growth temperature should be monitored. C1 [Lu, Weijie] Fisk Univ, Dept Chem, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. [Lu, Weijie] Fisk Univ, Ctr Phys & Chem Mat, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. [Boeckl, John J.; Mitchel, William C.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lu, WJ (reprint author), Fisk Univ, Dept Chem, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. EM wlu@fisk.edu; john.boeckl@wpafb.af.mil FU National Science Foundation (NSF) through the Center of Physics and Chemistry of Materials [HRD-0420516]; Air Force Research Laboratory through the Universal Technology Corporation [07-T583-004-C1]; AFOSR FX W Lu acknowledges the support from the National Science Foundation (NSF) through the Center of Physics and Chemistry of Materials (HRD-0420516) and the Air Force Research Laboratory through the Universal Technology Corporation (07-T583-004-C1). The authors at AFRL acknowledge the support from AFOSR (H Weinstock). NR 60 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 40 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 EI 1361-6463 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD SEP 2 PY 2010 VL 43 IS 37 AR 374004 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/43/37/374004 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 646MG UT WOS:000281544100005 ER PT J AU Deichert, CL AF Deichert, Christian L. TI IS GERMANY THE NEW CANADA? ONE AMERICAN DESERTER'S REQUEST FOR GERMAN ASYLUM SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Article C1 [Deichert, Christian L.] USA, Washington, DC USA. RP Deichert, CL (reprint author), USAF, Judge Advocate Gen Sch, Maxwell AFB, AL USA. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 USA SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PD FAL PY 2010 VL 205 BP 94 EP 116 PG 23 WC Law SC Government & Law GA 736TV UT WOS:000288518800002 ER PT J AU Crouse, CA Pierce, CJ Spowart, JE AF Crouse, Christopher A. Pierce, Christian J. Spowart, Jonathan E. TI Influencing Solvent Miscibility and Aqueous Stability of Aluminum Nanoparticles through Surface Functionalization with Acrylic Monomers SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE Aluminum; nanoparticles; functionalization; monomer; composites; oxidation ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; THERMAL-DEGRADATION; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; COMPOSITE PARTICLE; CARBOXYLIC-ACIDS; STEARIC-ACID; FUEL-CELL; ADSORPTION; OXIDE; POLYMERIZATION AB With growing interest in the development of new composite systems for a variety of applications that require easily processable materials and adequate structural properties with high energy densities, we have pursued the chemical functionalization of oxide-passivated aluminum nanoparticles (nAl) using three acrylic monomers, 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MPS), 2-carboxyethyl acrylate (CEA), and phosphonic acid 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate ester (PAM), to provide chemical compatibility within various solvent and polymeric systems. Fourier transform infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy suggest that attachment of MPS and PAM monomers occurs through the formation of bonds directly to the passivated oxide surface upon reaction with surface hydroxyls, whereas CEA monomers interact through the formation of ionic carboxylate binding to aluminum atoms within the oxide. The coated particles demonstrate enhanced miscibility in common organic solvents and monomers; MPS and PAM coatings are additionally shown to inhibit oxidation of the aluminum particles when exposed to aqueous environments at room temperature, and PAM coatings are stable at even elevated temperatures. C1 [Crouse, Christopher A.; Pierce, Christian J.; Spowart, Jonathan E.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Crouse, Christopher A.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Crouse, CA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM christopher.crouse@wpafb.af.mil FU Nanoscience and Technology STT Initiative in Nanoenergetics; National Research Council FX We thank Drs. C. E. Bunker, J. L. Jordan, C. M. Lindsay, K. A. S. Fernando, and W. K. Lewis for useful discussions and assistance with data collection. Additionally, we acknowledge Mr. W. A. Houston and Mr. J. M. Scott for technical support. Funding for this work was made available by Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, from the Nanoscience and Technology STT Initiative in Nanoenergetics. Their support is gratefully acknowledged. This research was performed while an author (C.A.C.) held a National Research Council Post-doctoral Research Associateship. NR 40 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD SEP PY 2010 VL 2 IS 9 BP 2560 EP 2569 DI 10.1021/am100402z PG 10 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 652OR UT WOS:000282017700015 PM 20795650 ER PT J AU Konkova, T Mironov, S Korznikov, A Semiatin, SL AF Konkova, T. Mironov, S. Korznikov, A. Semiatin, S. L. TI Microstructural response of pure copper to cryogenic rolling SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Nanocrystalline materials; Copper; Electron backscatter diffraction; Microstructure; Texture ID POLYCRYSTALLINE FCC METALS; SEVERE-PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; MG-SI ALLOY; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; TEXTURES; ALUMINUM; TEMPERATURES; EVOLUTION AB A high-resolution electron backscatter diffraction technique was applied to quantify grain-structure development and texture evolution during/after cryogenic rolling of pure copper. Microstructure evolution was found to be a complex process involving mainly geometrical effects associated with strain and discontinuous recrystallization but also including limited twinning and grain subdivision. Recrystallization was deduced to be static in nature and probably occurred during static storage of the material at room temperature after cryogenic rolling. The texture contained a pronounced {1 1 0} < 1 1 2 > brass component; this observation was interpreted in terms of the suppression of cross-slip at cryogenic temperatures. In general, cryogenic rolling was found to be ineffective for the formation of a nanocrystalline structure in pure copper. (C) 2010 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Mironov, S.] Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Dept Mat Proc, Sendai, Miyagi 9808579, Japan. [Konkova, T.; Mironov, S.; Korznikov, A.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Met Superplast Problems, Ufa 450001, Russia. [Semiatin, S. L.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRLIRXLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mironov, S (reprint author), Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Dept Mat Proc, 6-6-02 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 9808579, Japan. EM S-72@mail.ru RI Korznikov, Alexander/F-1473-2014; SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 NR 25 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 4 U2 25 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 EI 1873-2453 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 58 IS 16 BP 5262 EP 5273 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2010.05.056 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 643SL UT WOS:000281318900004 ER PT J AU Aouadi, SM Singh, DP Stone, DS Polychronopoulou, K Nahif, F Rebholz, C Muratore, C Voevodin, AA AF Aouadi, S. M. Singh, D. P. Stone, D. S. Polychronopoulou, K. Nahif, F. Rebholz, C. Muratore, C. Voevodin, A. A. TI Adaptive VN/Ag nanocomposite coatings with lubricious behavior from 25 to 1000 degrees C SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Nanocomposite; Tribology; Friction; Raman spectroscopy; Oxides ID TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; PHASE-DIAGRAM; VN COATINGS; SYSTEM; V2O5-MOO3-AG2O; SPACE; FILMS AB A two-phase nanocomposite coating that consists of inclusions of silver in a vanadium nitride matrix (VN/Ag) was investigated as a potential adaptive coating with a reduced friction coefficient from 25 to 1000 C. This nanocomposite structure was selected based on the premise that silver and silver vanadate phases would form on the surface of these coatings, reducing their friction coefficient in the (i) room to mid-range and (ii) mid-range to high temperatures, respectively. Silver and vanadium were expected to react with oxygen at high temperatures and create a lubricious silver vanadate film on the coating. The VN/Ag coatings were deposited using unbalanced magnetron sputtering and their elemental composition was evaluated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The tribological properties of the materials against Si3N4 balls were investigated at different temperatures. The lowest friction coefficients recorded for samples with identical compositions were 0.35, 0.30, 0.10 and 0.20 at 25, 350, 700 and 1000 C, respectively. Post-wear testing Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements revealed the formation of silver vanadate compounds on the surface of these coatings. In addition, real time Raman spectroscopy and high temperature XRD revealed that silver vanadate, vanadium oxide and elemental silver formed on the surface of these coatings upon heating to 1000 degrees C. Upon cooling, silver and vanadium oxide were found to combine at about 400 degrees C, leading predominantly to the formation of silver vanadate phases on the surface of these materials. (C) 2010 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Aouadi, S. M.; Singh, D. P.; Stone, D. S.; Rebholz, C.] So Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Polychronopoulou, K.; Nahif, F.; Rebholz, C.] Univ Cyprus, Dept Mech & Mfg Engn, CY-1678 Nicosia, Cyprus. [Polychronopoulou, K.] Univ Cyprus, Dept Chem, CY-1678 Nicosia, Cyprus. [Muratore, C.; Voevodin, A. A.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Aouadi, SM (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. EM saouadi@physics.siu.edu RI SINGH, DINESH/A-2509-2011; Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013 OI SINGH, DINESH/0000-0002-2893-7749; FU Air Force Summer Fellowship Program; US Department of the Army [W911NF-08-1-0460]; National Science Foundation [0653986]; FP6 Marie Curie Actions [EXT-0023899-NanoHeaters] FX The first author acknowledges support by an award from the Air Force Summer Fellowship Program to conduct research at the Wright-Patterson Air Force Base in Fairborn, OH. This research was also supported by the US Department of the Army (award no. W911NF-08-1-0460) and by the National Science Foundation (award no. 0653986). S.A., K.P., F.N. and C.R. also gratefully acknowledge financial support from the FP6 Marie Curie Actions (project EXT-0023899-NanoHeaters). NR 21 TC 50 Z9 55 U1 10 U2 49 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 EI 1873-2453 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 58 IS 16 BP 5326 EP 5331 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2010.06.006 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 643SL UT WOS:000281318900010 ER PT J AU Font, GI Enloe, CL McLaughlm, TE AF Font, G. I. Enloe, C. L. McLaughlm, T. E. TI Plasma Volumetric Effects on the Force Production of a Plasma Actuator SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 39th Fluid Dynamics Conference CY JUN 22-25, 2009 CL San Antonio, TX SP AIAA ID FLOW-CONTROL AB Dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuators are examined experimentally and computationally. Experimental temporal force measurements show that the plasma actuator produces two positive (accelerating) forces per ac cycle. While the plasma is ignited, the actuator experiences an accelerating force, and, when the plasma is extinguished, a decelerating force appears. This occurs twice during each ac bias cycle. In addition, while the accelerating force is approximately equal in magnitude and direction during each half of the ac cycle, the decelerating force is not. Navier-Stokes simulations of the neutral air flow with a prescribed plasma force reveal that the variation in the decelerating actuator force is consistent with structural changes in the plasma itself. These plasma structural changes alter the volume over which the plasma force is imparted to the air and, in turn, change the amount of drag incurred by the wall jet created by the plasma. During each actuator bias cycle, 70-90% of the momentum supplied by the plasma actuator is destroyed by drag with the wall immediately after the plasma extinguishes. C1 [Font, G. I.; Enloe, C. L.] USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [McLaughlm, T. E.] USAF Acad, Aeronaut Res Ctr, Dept Aeronaut, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Font, GI (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 19 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 48 IS 9 BP 1869 EP 1874 DI 10.2514/1.J050003 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 646NK UT WOS:000281548100002 ER PT J AU Wu, P Ifju, P Stanford, B AF Wu, Pin Ifju, Peter Stanford, Bret TI Flapping Wing Structural Deformation and Thrust Correlation Study with Flexible Membrane Wings SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MICRO AIR VEHICLES; FREE-FLIGHT; KINEMATICS; AERODYNAMICS; DESIGN AB This experimental study investigates the relationship between flapping wing structure and the production of aerodynamic forces for micro air vehicle hovering flight by measuring full-field structural deformation and thrust generation. Results from four flexible micromembrane wings with different skeletal reinforcement demonstrate that wing compliance is crucial in thrust production: only certain modes of passive aeroelastic deformation allow the wing to effectively produce thrust. The experimental setup consists of a flapping mechanism with a single-degree-of-freedom rotary actuation up to 45 Hz at 70 deg stoke amplitude and with power measurement, a force and torque sensor that measures the lilt and thrust, and a digital image correlation system that consists of four cameras capable of capturing the complete stroke kinematics and structural deformation. Several technical challenges related to the experimental testing of microflapping wings are resolved in this study: primarily, flapping wings less than 3 in. in length produce loads and deformations that are difficult to measure in an accurate and nonintrusive manner. Furthermore, the synchronization of the load measurement system, the vision-based wing deformation measurement system, and the flapping mechanism is demonstrated. Intensive data analyses are performed to extract useful information from the measurements in both air and vacuum. C1 [Wu, Pin; Ifju, Peter] Univ Florida, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Stanford, Bret] USAF, Res Lab, Natl Res Council, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45440 USA. RP Wu, P (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM diccidwp@ufl.edu FU U S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research under MURI [69726] FX The authors would like to thank the U S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research for funding this project under MURI #69726, as well as Ron Brown and Michael Braddock for their help NR 20 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 48 IS 9 BP 2111 EP 2122 DI 10.2514/1.J050310 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 646NK UT WOS:000281548100021 ER PT J AU Williams, PM Fletcher, S AF Williams, Pamela M. Fletcher, Stacy TI Health Effects of Prenatal Radiation Exposure SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-BOMB SURVIVORS; IONIZING-RADIATION; CHILDHOOD-CANCER; IN-UTERO; TERATOGENIC RISK; PREGNANCY; BRAIN; ULTRASOUND; STATURE; FIELDS AB Pregnant women are at risk of exposure to nonionizing and ionizing radiation resulting from necessary medical procedures, workplace exposure, and diagnostic or therapeutic interventions before the pregnancy is known. Nonionizing radiation includes microwave, ultrasound, radio frequency, and electromagnetic waves. In utero exposure to nonionizing radiation is not associated with significant risks; therefore, ultrasonography is safe to perform during pregnancy. Ionizing radiation includes particles and electromagnetic radiation (e.g., gamma rays, x-rays). In utero exposure to ionizing radiation can be teratogenic, carcinogenic, or mutagenic. The effects are directly related to the level of exposure and stage of fetal development. The fetus is most susceptible to radiation during organogenesis (two to seven weeks after conception) and in the early fetal period (eight to 15 weeks after conception). Noncancer health effects have not been detected at any stage of gestation after exposure to ionizing radiation of less than 0.05 Gy (5 rad). Spontaneous abortion, growth restriction, and mental retardation may occur at higher exposure levels. The risk of cancer is increased regardless of the dose. When an exposure to ionizing radiation occurs, the total fetal radiation dose should be estimated and the mother counseled about the potential risks so that she can make informed decisions about her pregnancy management. (Am Fam Physician. 2010;82(5):488-493. Copyright (C) 2010 American Academy of Family Physicians.) C1 [Williams, Pamela M.] USAF, MC, David Grant Med Ctr, Dept Family Med,Family Med Residency Program, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. [Fletcher, Stacy] Ehrling Berguist Clin, Family Med Residency Program, Offutt AFB, NE USA. RP Williams, PM (reprint author), USAF, MC, David Grant Med Ctr, Dept Family Med,Family Med Residency Program, 101 Bodin Cir, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. NR 36 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 4 U2 15 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 USA SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD SEP 1 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 5 BP 488 EP 493 PG 6 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 647JU UT WOS:000281615600008 PM 20822083 ER PT J AU Goertz, JK Lotterman, S AF Goertz, Jacob K. Lotterman, Seth TI Can the degree of hydronephrosis on ultrasound predict kidney stone size? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ACUTE FLANK PAIN; HELICAL COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; URETERAL CALCULI; EMERGENCY; US; CT; UROGRAPHY; TIME AB Objective: The aim of the study was to determine if the degree of hydronephrosis on focused emergency renal ultrasound correlates with kidney stone size on computed tomography. Methods: A retrospective study was performed on all adult patients in the emergency department who had a focused emergency renal ultrasound and ureterolithiasis on noncontrast computed tomography. Severity of hydronephrosis was determined by the performing physician. Ureteral stone size was grouped into 5 mm or less and larger than 5 mm based on likelihood of spontaneous passage. Results: One hundred seventy-seven ultrasound scans were performed on patients with ureteral calculi. When dichotomized using test characteristic analysis, patients with none or mild hydronephrosis (72.9%) were less likely to have ureteral calculi larger than 5 mm than those with moderate or severe hydronephrosis (12.4% vs 35.4%; P < .001) with a negative predictive value of 0.876 (95% confidence interval, 0.803-0.925). Conclusion: Patients with less severe hydronephrosis were less likely to have larger ureteral calculi. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Goertz, Jacob K.; Lotterman, Seth] Long Isl Jewish Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, New Hyde Pk, NY 11040 USA. [Lotterman, Seth] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Goertz, JK (reprint author), Long Isl Jewish Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, New Hyde Pk, NY 11040 USA. EM JGoertz@nshs.edu NR 22 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0735-6757 J9 AM J EMERG MED JI Am. J. Emerg. Med. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 28 IS 7 BP 813 EP 816 DI 10.1016/j.ajem.2009.06.028 PG 4 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 654DX UT WOS:000282149800011 PM 20837260 ER PT J AU Forester, JP Tankersley, MS AF Forester, Joseph P. Tankersley, Michael S. TI RETURNING THE ATHLETE TO SPORTS AFTER A NEAR-FATAL ASTHMA EVENT SO ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID PLAY; GUIDELINES C1 [Forester, Joseph P.; Tankersley, Michael S.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Allergy & Immunol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Forester, JP (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Allergy & Immunol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM joseph.forester@lackland.af.mil NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1081-1206 J9 ANN ALLERG ASTHMA IM JI Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 105 IS 3 BP 243 EP 244 DI 10.1016/j.anai.2010.07.005 PG 3 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 701PM UT WOS:000285833800011 PM 20800794 ER PT J AU Hrabak, T Calabria, CW AF Hrabak, Todd Calabria, Christopher W. TI MULTIPLE TREATMENT CYCLES OF HIGH-DOSE INTRAVENOUS IMMUNOGLOBULIN FOR CHRONIC SPONTANEOUS URTICARIA SO ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 [Hrabak, Todd] Desert Ctr Allergy & Chest Dis, Scottsdale, AZ 85251 USA. [Calabria, Christopher W.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Allergy & Immunol, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Hrabak, T (reprint author), Desert Ctr Allergy & Chest Dis, Scottsdale, AZ 85251 USA. EM christopher.calabria@lackland.af.mil NR 5 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1081-1206 J9 ANN ALLERG ASTHMA IM JI Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 105 IS 3 BP 245 EP 245 DI 10.1016/j.anai.2010.05.018 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 701PM UT WOS:000285833800012 PM 20800796 ER PT J AU Muck, AE Bebarta, VS Borys, DJ Morgan, DL AF Muck, Andrew E. Bebarta, Vikhyat S. Borys, Doug J. Morgan, David L. TI Six Years of Epinephrine Digital Injections: Absence of Significant Local or Systemic Effects SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of the National-Society-for-Academic-Emergency-Medicine CY MAY 19, 2007 CL Chicago, IL SP Natl Soc Acad Emergency Med ID ACCIDENTAL INJECTION; ISCHEMIA; ANAPHYLAXIS; MANAGEMENT; ADRENALINE; EPIPEN; BLOCKS AB Study objective: Epinephrine autoinjectors are known to result in accidental digital injections. Treatment recommendations and adverse outcomes are based on case reports. The objective of our study is to determine the frequency of digit ischemia after epinephrine autoinjector digital injections. In addition, we describe the frequency of epinephrine digital injections, treatments used, adverse local effects, and systemic effects. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study on cases reported to 6 poison centers during 6 years, using a search of the Texas Poison Center Network database. Patients who had an epinephrine injection of the hand were reviewed, and digital injections were included. Variables collected included demographics, local and systemic effects, symptom duration, treatments used, comorbidities, and whether admission, surgery, or hand surgery consultation was used. One trained abstractor used a standard electronic data collection form. Results: There were 365 epinephrine injections to the hand identified for the 6-year period. Of these, 213 were digital injections, and 127 had follow-up. All patients had complete resolution of symptoms. None of the patients were hospitalized or received hand surgery consultation or surgical care. Significant systemic effects were not reported. Pharmacologic vasodilatory treatment was used in 23% (29/127) of patients. Ischemic effects were documented for 4 patients, and 2 of these had symptom resolution within 2 hours. All 4 patients received vasodilatory therapy and were discharged home, with complete resolution of symptoms. Conclusion: In our series of patients using poison center calls about digital epinephrine autoinjections, there were no cases in which clinically apparent systemic effects were recorded and few patients had ischemia. No patient was admitted or had surgery. Most clinicians did not use vasodilation medications or techniques. [Ann Emerg Med. 2010;56:270-274.] C1 [Muck, Andrew E.; Bebarta, Vikhyat S.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, San Antonio, TX USA. [Borys, Doug J.] Cent Texas Poison Ctr, Temple, TX USA. [Morgan, David L.] Texas A&M Univ, Coll Med, Hlth Sci Ctr, Scott & White Hosp, Temple, TX 76508 USA. RP Bebarta, VS (reprint author), 23239 Crest View Way, San Antonio, TX 78261 USA. EM vikbebarta@yahoo.com NR 24 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 56 IS 3 BP 270 EP 274 DI 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2010.02.019 PG 5 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 645FX UT WOS:000281437900013 PM 20346537 ER PT J AU Schmitz, GR Bruner, D Pitotti, R Olderog, C Livengood, T Williams, J Huebner, K Lightfoot, J Ritz, B Bates, C Schmitz, M Mete, M Deye, G AF Schmitz, Gillian R. Bruner, David Pitotti, Rebecca Olderog, Cameron Livengood, Timothy Williams, Justin Huebner, Kermit Lightfoot, Jeffrey Ritz, Brandon Bates, Christopher Schmitz, Matthew Mete, Mihriye Deye, Gregory TI Randomized Controlled Trial of Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole for Uncomplicated Skin Abscesses in Patients at Risk for Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on ACEP Research Forum Scientific Assembly CY OCT, 2009 CL Boston, MA ID SOFT-TISSUE INFECTIONS; OUTCOMES AB Study objective: Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is now the leading cause of uncomplicated skin abscesses in the United States, and the role of antibiotics is controversial. We evaluate whether trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole reduces the rate of treatment failures during the 7 days after incision and drainage and whether it reduces new lesion formation within 30 days. Methods: In this multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, we randomized adults to oral trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole or placebo after uncomplicated abscess incision and drainage. Using emergency department rechecks at 2 and 7 days and telephone follow-up, we assessed treatment failure within 7 days, and using clinical follow-up, telephone follow-up, and medical record review, we recorded the development of new lesions within 30 days. Results: We randomized 212 patients, and 190 (90%) were available for 7-day follow-up. We observed a statistically similar incidence of treatment failure in patients receiving trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (15/88; 17%) versus placebo (27/102; 26%), difference 9%, 95% confidence interval 2% to 21%; P=.12. On 30-day follow-up (successful in 69% of patients), we observed fewer new lesions in the antibiotic (4/46; 9%) versus placebo (14/50; 28%) groups, difference 19%, 95% confidence interval 4% to 34%, P=.02. Conclusion: After the incision and drainage of uncomplicated abscesses in adults, treatment with trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole does not reduce treatment failure but may decrease the formation of subsequent lesions. [Ann Emerg Med. 2010;56:283-287.] C1 [Schmitz, Gillian R.] Washington Hosp Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Washington, DC 20010 USA. [Bruner, David; Livengood, Timothy] Naval Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Portsmouth, Hants, England. [Pitotti, Rebecca; Bates, Christopher] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Schmitz, Matthew] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Olderog, Cameron; Livengood, Timothy; Williams, Justin] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Huebner, Kermit; Ritz, Brandon] Darnall Army Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Ft Hood, TX USA. [Mete, Mihriye] Medstar Res Inst, Dept Epidemiol, Hyattsville, MD USA. [Mete, Mihriye] Medstar Res Inst, Dept Stat, Hyattsville, MD USA. [Deye, Gregory] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Clin Pharmacol, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Schmitz, GR (reprint author), 714 Carpenter Rd, Alexandria, VA 22314 USA. EM GillianMD@gmail.com NR 11 TC 67 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 8 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 56 IS 3 BP 283 EP 287 DI 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2010.03.002 PG 5 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 645FX UT WOS:000281437900016 PM 20346539 ER PT J AU Lairet, JR Bebarta, V Lairet, K Kacprowicz, R Johnson, R Pitotti, R Bolleter, S Cowart, J Bush, A AF Lairet, J. R. Bebarta, V Lairet, K. Kacprowicz, R. Johnson, R. Pitotti, R. Bolleter, S. Cowart, J. Bush, A. TI Intraosseous Pressure infusion Comparison Using a Rapid Infusion Device and a Pressure Bag In a Swine Model SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Conference on American-College-of-Emergency-Physicians-Research-Forum CY SEP 28-29, 2010 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Amer Coll Emergency Phys Res Forum C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Wright Patterson AFB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. San Antonio AirLife, San Antonio, TX USA. 59th Clin Res Div, San Antonio, TX USA. RI Bebarta, Vikhyat/M-1513-2015 NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 56 IS 3 SU S BP S26 EP S27 PG 2 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 645FY UT WOS:000281438000078 ER PT J AU Varney, SM Pitotti, RL Vargas, TE Bebarta, VS AF Varney, S. M. Pitotti, R. L. Vargas, T. E. Bebarta, V. S. TI Do Parents In the Emergency Department Understand the Food and Drug Administration's Recommendations on Cough and Cold Medication Use In Children Under Two Years of Age? A Survey SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Conference on American-College-of-Emergency-Physicians-Research-Forum CY SEP 28-29, 2010 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Amer Coll Emergency Phys Res Forum C1 [Varney, S. M.; Pitotti, R. L.; Vargas, T. E.; Bebarta, V. S.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX USA. RI Bebarta, Vikhyat/M-1513-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 56 IS 3 SU S BP S99 EP S99 PG 1 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 645FY UT WOS:000281438000301 ER PT J AU Varney, SM Vargas, TE Pitotti, RL Bebarta, VS AF Varney, S. M. Vargas, T. E. Pitotti, R. L. Bebarta, V. S. TI Patient Perceptions of Leaving an Emergency Department waiting Room Before Seeing a Physician SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Conference on American-College-of-Emergency-Physicians-Research-Forum CY SEP 28-29, 2010 CL Las Vegas, NV SP Amer Coll Emergency Phys Res Forum C1 [Varney, S. M.; Vargas, T. E.; Pitotti, R. L.; Bebarta, V. S.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RI Bebarta, Vikhyat/M-1513-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 56 IS 3 SU S BP S144 EP S145 PG 2 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 645FY UT WOS:000281438000449 ER PT J AU Sabbagh, HA Murphy, RK Sabbagh, EH Aldrin, JC Knopp, JS Blodgett, MP AF Sabbagh, Harold A. Murphy, R. Kim Sabbagh, Elias H. Aldrin, John C. Knopp, Jeremy S. Blodgett, Mark P. TI The Joy of Computing with Volume Integrals: Foundations for Nondestructive Evaluation of Planar Layered Media SO APPLIED COMPUTATIONAL ELECTROMAGNETICS SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Aircraft structures; computational electromagnetics; electromagnetic nondestructive evaluation; volume-integral equations ID COMPUTATIONAL ELECTROMAGNETICS; INVERSION; MODEL AB As an alternative to the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD), the finite-element method (FEM), and the method of moments (MoM) based on the surface integral equation (SW), a volume-integral equation (VIE) approach using the method of moments and conjugate-gradient methods is presented to address a wide variety of complex problems in computational electromagnetics. A formulation of the volume integral method is presented to efficiently address inhomogeneous regions in multi-layered media. Since volume element discretization is limited to local inhomogeneous regions, numerical solutions for many complex problems can be achieved more efficiently than FDTD, FEM, and MoM/SIE. This is the first of a series of papers dealing with volume-integral equations; in subsequent papers of this series we will apply volume-integrals to problems in the field on nondestructive evaluation. C1 [Sabbagh, Harold A.; Murphy, R. Kim; Sabbagh, Elias H.] Victor Technol LLC, Bloomington, IN 47401 USA. [Aldrin, John C.] Computat Tools, Gurnee, IL 60031 USA. [Knopp, Jeremy S.; Blodgett, Mark P.] USAF, Res Lab, RXLP, Nondestruct Evaluat NDE Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sabbagh, HA (reprint author), Victor Technol LLC, Bloomington, IN 47401 USA. EM has@sabbagh.com; kimmurphy1@aristotle.net; ehs@sabbagh.com; aldrin@computationaltools.com; jeremy.knopp@wpafb.af.mil; mark.blodgett@wpafb.af.mil NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU APPLIED COMPUTATIONAL ELECTROMAGNETICS SOC PI UNIVERSITY PA UNIV MISSISSIPPI, DEPT ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING, UNIVERSITY, MS 38677 USA SN 1054-4887 J9 APPL COMPUT ELECTROM JI Appl. Comput. Electromagn. Soc. J. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 25 IS 9 BP 723 EP 730 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 714ER UT WOS:000286790800001 ER PT J AU Sabbagh, HA Murphy, RK Sabbagh, EH Aldrin, JC Knopp, JS Blodgett, MP AF Sabbagh, Harold A. Murphy, R. Kim Sabbagh, Elias H. Aldrin, John C. Knopp, Jeremy S. Blodgett, Mark P. TI The Joy of Computing with Volume Integrals: Validation and Performance Comparison SO APPLIED COMPUTATIONAL ELECTROMAGNETICS SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Aircraft structures; computational electromagnetics; electromagnetic nondestructive evaluation; volume-integral equations AB This is the second paper in a series dealing with the application of computational electromagnetics to nondestructive evaluation, using the vehicle of volume-integral equations, as developed in the preceding paper in this volume. A challenge-problem in the field of nondestructive evaluation is the inspection of fastener sites for fatigue cracks in multilayer structures. Using the volume-integral equation approach, problems comprising multilayer structures, ferromagnetic fastener sites, gaps between materials interfaces, and the presence of fatigue cracks are accurately modeled. Simulated studies are presented with VIC-3D(C), a proprietary volume-integral code, and comparisons are made with FEM highlighting performance advantages of the VIE approach. Further, the role that volume-integral equations play in the context of other well-known computational-electromagnetic algorithms is discussed. C1 [Sabbagh, Harold A.; Murphy, R. Kim; Sabbagh, Elias H.] Victor Technol LLC, Bloomington, IN 47401 USA. [Aldrin, John C.] Computat Tools, Gurnee, IL 60031 USA. [Knopp, Jeremy S.; Blodgett, Mark P.] USAF, Res Lab, RXLP, Nondestruct Evaluat NDE Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sabbagh, HA (reprint author), Victor Technol LLC, Bloomington, IN 47401 USA. EM has@sabbagh.com; kimmurphy1@aristotle.net; ehs@sabbagh.com; aldrin@computationaltools.com; jeremy.knopp@wpafb.af.mil; mark.blodgett@wpafb.af.mil NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU APPLIED COMPUTATIONAL ELECTROMAGNETICS SOC PI UNIVERSITY PA UNIV MISSISSIPPI, DEPT ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING, UNIVERSITY, MS 38677 USA SN 1054-4887 J9 APPL COMPUT ELECTROM JI Appl. Comput. Electromagn. Soc. J. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 25 IS 9 BP 731 EP 737 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 714ER UT WOS:000286790800002 ER PT J AU Sturrock, PA Buncher, JB Fischbach, E Gruenwald, JT Javorsek, D Jenkins, JH Lee, RH Mattes, JJ Newport, JR AF Sturrock, P. A. Buncher, J. B. Fischbach, E. Gruenwald, J. T. Javorsek, D., II Jenkins, J. H. Lee, R. H. Mattes, J. J. Newport, J. R. TI Power spectrum analysis of BNL decay rate SO ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Sun; Neutrinos ID SOLAR-NEUTRINO OBSERVATIONS; SPACED DATA; GALLEX-II; HALF-LIFE; SEARCH; FLUX; IV AB Evidence for an anomalous annual periodicity in certain nuclear decay data has led to speculation concerning a possible solar influence on nuclear processes. As a test of this hypothesis, we here search for evidence in decay data that might be indicative of a process involving solar rotation, focusing on data for (32)Si and (36)Cl decay rates acquired at the Brookhaven National Laboratory. Examination of the power spectrum over a range of frequencies (10-15 year(-1)) appropriate for solar synodic rotation rates reveals several periodicities, the most prominent being one at 11.18 year(-1) with power 20.76. We evaluate the significance of this peak in terms of the false-alarm probability, by means of the shuffle test, and also by means of a new test (the "shake" test) that involves small random time displacements. The last two tests are the more robust, and indicate that the peak at 11.18 year(-1) would arise by chance only once out of about 10(7) trials. However, the fact that there are several peaks in the rotational search band suggests that modulation of the count rate involves several low-Q oscillations rather than a single high-Q oscillation, possibly indicative of a partly stochastic process. To pursue this possibility, we investigate the running-mean of the power spectrum, and identify a major peak at 11.93 year(-1) with peak running-mean power 4.08. Application of the shuffle test indicates that there is less than one chance in 10(11) of finding by chance a value as large as 4.08. Application of the shake test lads to a more restrictive result that there is less than one chance in 10(15) of finding by chance a value as large as 4.08. We find that there is notable agreement in the running-mean power spectra in the rotational search band formed from BNL data and from ACRIM total solar irradiance data. Since rotation rate estimates derived from irradiance data have been found to be closely related to rotation rate estimates derived from low-energy solar neutrino data, this result supports the recent conjecture that solar neutrinos may be responsible for variations in nuclear decay rates. We also carry out a similar comparison with local temperature measurements, but find no similarity between power spectra formed from BNL measurements and from local temperature measurements. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Sturrock, P. A.] Stanford Univ, Ctr Space Sci & Astrophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Buncher, J. B.; Fischbach, E.; Gruenwald, J. T.; Jenkins, J. H.; Mattes, J. J.; Newport, J. R.] Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Javorsek, D., II] 416th Flight Test Squadron, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. [Lee, R. H.] USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80920 USA. RP Sturrock, PA (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Ctr Space Sci & Astrophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM sturrock@stanford.edu FU National Science Foundation [AST-0097128]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-76ER071428] FX The authors are indebted to David Alburger and Garman Harbottle for supplying us with raw data from the BNL experiment; to Claus Frohlich and Judith Lean for providing solar irradiance data; and to Jeffrey D. Scargle and Guenther Walther for helpful advice on statistical issues. The work of PAS was supported in part by the National Science Foundation through Grant AST-0097128. The work of EF was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-76ER071428. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the US Air Force, the US Department of Defense, or the US Government. NR 26 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-6505 J9 ASTROPART PHYS JI Astropart Phys. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 34 IS 2 BP 121 EP 127 DI 10.1016/j.astropartphys.2010.06.004 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 659GT UT WOS:000282555700008 ER PT J AU Beerer, IM Koenig, XP Hora, JL Gutermuth, RA Bontemps, S Megeath, ST Schneider, N Motte, F Carey, S Simon, R Keto, E Smith, HA Allen, LE Fazio, GG Kraemer, KE Price, S Mizuno, D Adams, JD Hernandez, J Lucas, PW AF Beerer, I. M. Koenig, X. P. Hora, J. L. Gutermuth, R. A. Bontemps, S. Megeath, S. T. Schneider, N. Motte, F. Carey, S. Simon, R. Keto, E. Smith, H. A. Allen, L. E. Fazio, G. G. Kraemer, K. E. Price, S. Mizuno, D. Adams, J. D. Hernandez, J. Lucas, P. W. TI A SPITZER VIEW OF STAR FORMATION IN THE CYGNUS X NORTH COMPLEX SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE infrared: stars; H II regions; stars: early-type; stars: formation; stars: pre-main sequence ID GALACTIC PLANE IPHAS; H-ALPHA SURVEY; MOLECULAR CLOUD; OB ASSOCIATIONS; SPACE-TELESCOPE; CLUSTER; REGION; 2MASS; SKY; SPECTROGRAPH AB We present new images and photometry of the massive star-forming complex Cygnus X obtained with the Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) and the Multiband Imaging Photometer for Spitzer (MIPS) on board the Spitzer Space Telescope. A combination of IRAC, MIPS, UKIRT Deep Infrared Sky Survey, and Two Micron All Sky Survey data are used to identify and classify young stellar objects (YSOs). Of the 8231 sources detected exhibiting infrared excess in Cygnus X North, 670 are classified as class I and 7249 are classified as class II. Using spectra from the FAST Spectrograph at the Fred L. Whipple Observatory and Hectospec on the MMT, we spectrally typed 536 sources in the Cygnus X complex to identify the massive stars. We find that YSOs tend to be grouped in the neighborhoods of massive B stars (spectral types B0 to B9). We present a minimal spanning tree analysis of clusters in two regions in Cygnus X North. The fraction of infrared excess sources that belong to clusters with >= 10 members is found to be 50%-70%. Most class II objects lie in dense clusters within blown out H II regions, while class I sources tend to reside in more filamentary structures along the bright-rimmed clouds, indicating possible triggered star formation. C1 [Beerer, I. M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Koenig, X. P.; Hora, J. L.; Keto, E.; Smith, H. A.; Fazio, G. G.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Gutermuth, R. A.] Smith Coll, Northampton, MA 01063 USA. [Gutermuth, R. A.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Astron, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Bontemps, S.; Schneider, N.] Observ Bordeaux, F-33270 Floirac, France. [Megeath, S. T.] Univ Toledo, Dept Phys & Astron, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. [Motte, F.] CEA Saclay, AIM SAp, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Carey, S.] Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA USA. [Simon, R.] Univ Cologne, Inst Phys 1, D-50937 Cologne, Germany. [Allen, L. E.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ USA. [Kraemer, K. E.; Price, S.] USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. [Mizuno, D.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Boston, MA USA. [Adams, J. D.] Cornell Univ, Dept Radiophys Space Res, Ithaca, NY USA. [Hernandez, J.] Ctr Invest Astron, Merida 5101 A, Venezuela. [Lucas, P. W.] Univ Hertfordshire, Ctr Astrophys Res, Harefield, Middx, England. [Lucas, P. W.] Univ Hertfordshire, Sci & Technol Res Inst, Harefield, Middx, England. RP Beerer, IM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, 601 Campbell Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Koenig, Xavier/0000-0002-9478-4170; Hora, Joseph/0000-0002-5599-4650; Kraemer, Kathleen/0000-0002-2626-7155 FU NASA; National Science Foundation; Department of Defense [0754568]; Smithsonian Institution FX This work is based on observations made with the Spitzer Space Telescope, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with NASA. This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation Research Experiences for Undergraduates (REU) and Department of Defense Awards to Stimulate and Support Undergraduate Research Experiences (ASSURE) programs under grant No. 0754568 and by the Smithsonian Institution. NR 54 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 2010 VL 720 IS 1 BP 679 EP 693 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/720/1/679 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 647DJ UT WOS:000281596000059 ER PT J AU Hermes, EDA Webb, TS Wells, TS AF Hermes, Eric D. A. Webb, Timothy S. Wells, Timothy S. TI Aircraft Type and Other Risk Factors for Spinal Disorders: Data from 19,673 Military Cockpit Aircrew SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE epidemiology; military personnel; occupational exposure; aviation; back pain; intervertebral disk displacement; neck pain; spinal diseases; logistic models ID BACK-PAIN; FIGHTER PILOTS; HELICOPTER PILOTS; CERVICAL-SPINE; AVIATORS; LUMBAR; DEGENERATION; PREVALENCE; EXPOSURE AB HERMES EDA, WEBB TS, WELLS TS. Aircraft hype and other risk factors for spinal disorders: data from 19,673 military cockpit aircrew. Aviat Space Environ Med 2010; 81:850-6. Introduction: Many assume that exposure to flight in high-performance aircraft (HPA) or rotary wing aircraft (RWA) increases the risk of spinal disorders compared to other fixed wing aircraft (FWA). However, this association has yet to be confirmed. This study explores the relationship between flight in different aircraft and the development of lumbar and cervical spine disorders. Methods: The flight records of 19,673 U.S. Air Force (USAF) cockpit aircrew officers were examined for entries with a spinal disorder diagnosis in an existing aircrew health information database. Univariate and multivariate analyses were employed to examine the association between aircraft type, other variables, and spinal disorders. Results: In stratified analysis of HPA and FWA, but not RWA categories, statistically significant unadjusted associations were observed between flight hours and cervical [HPA: odds ratio (OR) = 2.80, FWA: OR = 4.73] and lumbar disorders (HPA: OR = 2.46, FWA: OR = 3.01). After adjustment for birth year in a stratified multivariate analysis, these associations were no longer statistically significant. In all three aircraft types, statistically significant adjusted associations were observed between older birth year category and both cervical (HPA: OR = 3.82, FWA: OR = 5.88) and lumbar disorders (HPA: OR = 4.16, RWA: OR = 2.96, FWA: OR = 2.39). Discussion: The risk produced by exposure to HPA, RWA, or FWA as measured by flight hours may be overshadowed by that produced by birth year, which was the strongest predictor for spinal disorders in this study. Future endeavors should more closely examine the association between age and accrual of flight hours in various aircraft types in order to accurately direct preventive measures. C1 [Hermes, Eric D. A.] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Webb, Timothy S.; Wells, Timothy S.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hermes, EDA (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM eric.hermes@yale.edu NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 5 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 81 IS 9 BP 850 EP 856 DI 10.3357/ASEM.2225.2010 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 643BA UT WOS:000281266300005 PM 20824991 ER PT J AU Campbell, JS Ruiz, MA Moore, JL AF Campbell, Justin S. Ruiz, Mark A. Moore, Jeffery L. TI Five-Factor Model Facet Characteristics of Non-Aeronautically Adaptable Military Aviators SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE personality; aviation; fitness for duty; assessment; naval aviation; military ID PERSONALITY; PREDICTORS; PILOTS AB CAMPBELL JS, RUIZ MA, MOORE JL. Five-factor model facets characteristics of non-aeronautically adaptable military aviators. Aviat Space Environ Med 2010; 81:864-8. Background: The present study revisited a large sample of clinically referred military aviators, previously evaluated across factors of the Five Factor Model of personality (FFM), to determine whether identified facet differences were consistent with U.S. Navy guidelines for evaluating aeronautical adaptability. Methods: Clinically evaluated U.S. Naval aviators and flight officers (N = 954) disposed as either aeronautically adaptable (AA) or not aeronautically adaptable (NAA) were compared with respect to their facet level scores on the NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI-R). Additional analyses were conducted to control for NAA status attributable to physical as opposed to psychological standards and for student versus designated aviator/flight officer experience levels. Results: NAA aviators and flight officers, when compared to their AA counterparts, evidenced significant and substantive effect size differences on facets measuring negative emotionality, interpersonal effectiveness, and goal-orientation. Conclusion: FFM facet differences between AA and NAA officers were only partially consistent with U.S. Navy guidelines; expected facet differences related to compliance, deliberation, actions, and excitement-seeking/impulsivity were not observed. C1 [Campbell, Justin S.; Ruiz, Mark A.; Moore, Jeffery L.] Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ, Andrews AFB, MD 20762 USA. RP Campbell, JS (reprint author), Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ, Andrews Campus,316 FSS FSDE,1413 Arkansas Rd, Andrews AFB, MD 20762 USA. EM camp2486@hotmail.com OI Campbell, Justin/0000-0002-3471-9430 NR 25 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 81 IS 9 BP 864 EP 868 DI 10.3357/ASEM.2761.2010 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 643BA UT WOS:000281266300007 PM 20824993 ER PT J AU Thomas, RS Wright, ST Clark, PJ Thompson, WT Gooch, JM AF Thomas, Roger S. Wright, Steve T. Clark, Patrick J. Thompson, William T. Gooch, John M. TI Optical Filter Effects on Night Vision Goggle Acuity and Preservation of Dark Adaptation SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE optical filters; scotopic sensitivity tester; F4949; AN/AVS-9; dark adaptation; night vision; night vision goggles AB THOMAS RS, WRIGHT ST, CLARK PJ, THOMPSON WT, GOOCH JM. Optical filter effects on night vision goggle acuity and preservation of dark adaptation. Aviat Space Environ Med 2010; 81:869-72. Introduction: The high output of night vision goggles (NVGs) can cause a loss of dark adaptation, resulting in suboptimal unaided vision. Optical filters have been designed to mitigate this problem by changing the overall output characteristics of the NVGs. Methods: Several aspects of visual performance related to NVG use were studied in a repeated measures design, filters versus no filters. NVG acuity was assessed using a 25% contrast chart, while preservation of dark adaptation after NVG use was measured with a scotopic sensitivity tester (SST) and a low luminance acuity chart. Testing was accomplished at two light levels, roughly corresponding to starlight and quarter moon conditions. Results: Use of the filters resulted in a statistically significant loss of acuity of about a 1/2 line (approximately 2.5 letters) at both light levels. The second part of the study identified a 47% improvement in preservation of dark adaptation under simulated starlight conditions and a 31% improvement under simulated quarter moon conditions with filter use; however, only the starlight finding was statistically significant. No significant differences in performance were seen with the low luminance chart. Discussion: Despite a small loss of visual acuity with filter use, the improvement in retention of dark adaptation may be beneficial in certain operational environments. Aviators, airmen, and commanders should evaluate how the potential for slightly poorer visual acuity and improved recovery of dark adapted vision relates to their mission specific requirements prior to implementing use of NVG filters. C1 [Thomas, Roger S.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Thomas, Roger S.; Wright, Steve T.; Clark, Patrick J.; Thompson, William T.; Gooch, John M.] USAF, Aeromed Consultat Serv, Brooks City Base, TX USA. RP Thomas, RS (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, 59 MDW SGOSVA,2200 Bergquist,Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM roger2525@gmail.com NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 81 IS 9 BP 869 EP 872 DI 10.3357/ASEM.2644.2010 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 643BA UT WOS:000281266300008 PM 20824994 ER PT J AU Keren, H Boyer, P Mort, J Eilam, D AF Keren, Hila Boyer, Pascal Mort, Joel Eilam, David TI Pragmatic and idiosyncratic acts in human everyday routines: The counterpart of compulsive rituals SO BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Automaticity; Motor patterns; OCD; Repetitive behavior; Stereotypy ID BEHAVIOR; PERCEPTION; STEREOTYPY; ATTENTION; ANIMALS; MEMORY; MODEL AB Our daily activities are comprised of motor routines, which are behavioral templates with specific goals, typically performed in an automatic fixed manner and without much conscious attention. Such routines can seem to resemble pathologic rituals that dominate the motor behavior of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and autistic patients. This resemblance raises the question of what differentiates and what is common in normal and pathologic motor behavior. Indeed, pathologic motor performance is often construed as an extended stereotyped version of normal everyday routines. In this study we applied ethological tools to analyze six motor routines performed by 60 adult human volunteers. We found that longer normal everyday routines included more repetitions, but not more types of acts, and that in each routine, most acts were performed either by all individuals (pragmatic acts) or by only one individual (idiosyncratic components). Thus, normal routines consist in a relatively rigid part that is shared by all individuals that perform the routine, and a flexible part that varies among individuals. The present results, however, do not answer the question of whether the flexible individual part changes or remains constant over routine repetition by the same person. Comparing normal routines with OCD rituals revealed that the latter comprise an exaggeration of the idiosyncratic component. Altogether, the present study supports the view that everyday normal routines and pathologic rituals are opposite processes, although they both comprise rigid motor behavioral sequences. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Keren, Hila; Eilam, David] Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Zool, IL-69978 Ramat Aviv, Israel. [Boyer, Pascal] Washington Univ, Dept Psychol, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Boyer, Pascal] Washington Univ, Dept Anthropol, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Mort, Joel] USAF, Behav Modeling Branch, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Eilam, D (reprint author), Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Zool, IL-69978 Ramat Aviv, Israel. EM eilam@post.tau.ac.il RI Eilam, David/E-8078-2010 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Air Force Material Command, USAF [FA8655-09-1-3107] FX We are grateful to the anonymous volunteers who willingly participated in this study. The study was sponsored by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Air Force Material Command, USAF, under grant number FA8655-09-1-3107. The US Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Governmental purpose notwithstanding any copyright notation thereon. NR 28 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-4328 J9 BEHAV BRAIN RES JI Behav. Brain Res. PD SEP 1 PY 2010 VL 212 IS 1 BP 90 EP 95 DI 10.1016/j.bbr.2010.03.051 PG 6 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 606FR UT WOS:000278408400012 PM 20363260 ER PT J AU Gu, SP Maeng, S Suh, Y Levy, RA Deavenport, DL Gomez, FJ Newberg, SS Brooman, EW Berman, ES Kleek, JJ Beatty, JH Schwartz, AS Gaydos, SP AF Gu, Sipeng Maeng, Sungmin Suh, Yongseok Levy, Roland A. Deavenport, Dennis L. Gomez, Fernando J. Newberg, Samuel S. Brooman, Eric W. Berman, Elizabeth S. Kleek, John J. Beatty, John H. Schwartz, Andrew S. Gaydos, Stephen P. TI Investigation of Atmospheric Pressure CVD-Produced Aluminum Coatings for the Protection of Steel from Corrosion SO CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION LA English DT Article DE Aluminum; APCVD; Corrosion protection; Step coverage; TIBAL ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; CHEMISTRY; CADMIUM AB This study investigates the use of atmospheric pressure (AP)CVD-produced aluminum (Al) coatings for the protection of steel from corrosion. Coatings produced through thermal decomposition of a triisobutylaluminum (TIBAL)-based precursor at 548 and 573 K are shown to exhibit growth rates of 0.5 and 1.1 mu m min(-1), respectively. Glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GDOES) reveals that, in the main, the coatings consist of pure Al with oxygen present as a minor constituent. Results of the structural, morphological, electrical, and mechanical characterization reveal that the APCVD Al coatings exhibit a face center cubic (fcc) structure with no preferred orientation, a non-columnar grain structure with grain size ranging from 3 to 10 mu m, and a surface roughness close to 2 mu m. Such coatings are also shown to offer an electrical resistivity of 3.5 mu Omega.cm, a density of 2.60 g cm(-3), and an adhesive strength of 703 kg cm(-2). Cross-sectional examination of coated samples indicate that the APCVD process can yield excellent step coverage and throwing power. Hydrogen embrittlement (HE) tests reveal that Al-coated bars with no post baking experience premature failure due to the presence of incorporated reaction product, hydrogen, in the steel substrate. Samples post-baked at 463 K for 23 h to remove the hydrogen from the substrate are shown to withstand the load for as long as 202 h. Corrosion studies conducted using potentiodynamic polarization measurements, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and salt fog tests show that the corrosion resistance of the APCVD Al coatings is comparable to that of pure Al foils, and that such coatings provide acceptable sacrificial protection for steel substrates. C1 [Gu, Sipeng; Maeng, Sungmin; Suh, Yongseok; Levy, Roland A.] New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. [Deavenport, Dennis L.] Akzo Nobel Polymer Chem, Deer Pk, TX 77536 USA. [Gomez, Fernando J.; Newberg, Samuel S.] Chem Innovat Unit Akzo Nobel, Chicago, IL USA. [Brooman, Eric W.; Berman, Elizabeth S.; Kleek, John J.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Beatty, John H.] USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. [Schwartz, Andrew S.] USN, Air Syst Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. [Gaydos, Stephen P.] Boeing Co, St Louis, MO 63166 USA. RP Gu, SP (reprint author), New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. EM sg75@njit.edu; yongseok.suh@gmail.com RI gu, sipeng/A-1991-2010 FU Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) FX This program was funded by a grant from the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP). NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 11 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0948-1907 J9 CHEM VAPOR DEPOS JI Chem. Vapor Depos. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 16 IS 7-9 BP 231 EP 238 DI 10.1002/cvde.201006845 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 661QY UT WOS:000282744000007 ER PT J AU Ball, J Myers, C Heiberg, A Cooke, NJ Matessa, M Freiman, M Rodgers, S AF Ball, Jerry Myers, Christopher Heiberg, Andrea Cooke, Nancy J. Matessa, Michael Freiman, Mary Rodgers, Stuart TI The synthetic teammate project SO COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL ORGANIZATION THEORY LA English DT Article DE Synthetic teammate; Language comprehension/generation; Dialog management; Situation model; Agent-environment interaction ID SENTENCE COMPREHENSION; SITUATION AWARENESS; COGNITION; MODEL; ENVIRONMENTS; ARCHITECTURE; ACQUISITION; SIMULATION; CONTEXT; COMMAND AB The main objective of the Synthetic Teammate project is to develop language and task enabled synthetic agents capable of being integrated into team training simulations. To achieve this goal, the agents must be able to closely match human behavior. The initial application for the synthetic teammate research is creation of an agent able to perform the functions of a pilot for an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) simulation as part of a three-person team. The agent, or synthetic teammate, is being developed in the ACT-R cognitive architecture. The major components include: language comprehension and generation, dialog management, agent-environment interaction, and situation assessment. Initial empirical results suggest that the agent-environment interaction is a good approximation to human behavior in the UAV environment, and we are planning further empirical tests of the synthetic teammate operating with human teammates. This paper covers the project's modeling approach, challenges faced, progress made toward an integrated synthetic teammate, and lessons learned during development. C1 [Ball, Jerry] USAF, Res Lab, Mesa, AZ USA. [Myers, Christopher] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Heiberg, Andrea] Gen Motors, Mesa, AZ USA. [Cooke, Nancy J.] Cognit Engn Res Inst, Mesa, AZ USA. [Matessa, Michael] Alion, Boulder, CO USA. [Freiman, Mary] L3 Commun, Mesa, AZ USA. [Rodgers, Stuart] AGS TechNet, Dayton, OH USA. RP Ball, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mesa, AZ USA. EM Jerry.Ball@mesa.afmc.af.mil; Christopher.Myers2@wpafb.af.mil; ninaheib@cox.net; Nancy.Cooke@asu.edu; mmatessa@alionscience.com; Mary.Freiman@mesa.afmc.af.mil; stu@agstechnet.com FU Warfighter Readiness Research Division, Human Effectiveness Directorate, 711th Human Performance Wing, Air Force Research Laboratory; Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Office of Naval Research FX This research is funded in part by applied research funds from the Warfighter Readiness Research Division, Human Effectiveness Directorate, 711th Human Performance Wing, Air Force Research Laboratory and by basic research funds from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and Office of Naval Research. The Synthetic Teammate project is a sizable project involving collaboration between the Air Force Research Laboratory and the Cognitive Engineering Research Institute. Project team members not listed as authors on this paper but who have contributed to the project in important ways include Dee Andrews, Scott Douglass, Jasmine Duran, Kevin Gluck, Jack Harris, Mike Krusmark, Don Lyon, Harry Pedersen, Eric Robinson, Steven Shope, Ronnie Silber and Amanda Taylor. NR 73 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1381-298X J9 COMPUT MATH ORGAN TH JI Comput. Math. Organ. Theory PD SEP PY 2010 VL 16 IS 3 SI SI BP 271 EP 299 DI 10.1007/s10588-010-9065-3 PG 29 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Computer Science; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 670BQ UT WOS:000283396300004 ER PT J AU Ellison, S Dean, JP Johnson, MR Prebola, CW Fabozzi, CE Cenko, A AF Ellison, Steven Dean, John P. Johnson, Michael R. Prebola, Cindy W. Fabozzi, Charles E. Cenko, Alexis TI Supplying Air Warfare Capability Through High-Performance Computing SO COMPUTING IN SCIENCE & ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB Before weapons systems can be deployed, air armament engineers must solve problems in areas such as weapon separation, aircraft stability and control, and electromagnetic interference. The Institute for High-Performance Computing Applications to Air Armament enhances these efforts, supplying new engineering analysis capabilities, and promoting the sharing of engineering codes, models, and data. C1 [Ellison, Steven] USAF, Inst High Performance Comp Applicat Air Armament, Seek Eagle Off, Eglin AFB, FL USA. [Dean, John P.] USAF, Interference Mech Div, Seek Eagle Off, Eglin AFB, FL USA. RP Ellison, S (reprint author), USAF, Inst High Performance Comp Applicat Air Armament, Seek Eagle Off, Eglin AFB, FL USA. EM steven.ellison@eglin.af.mil; john.dean@eglin.af.mil; michael.johnson2@eglin.af.mil; cindy.prebola@arnold.af.mil; charles.fabozzi@eglin.af.mil; alexis.cenko@navy.mil NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1521-9615 J9 COMPUT SCI ENG JI Comput. Sci. Eng. PD SEP-OCT PY 2010 VL 12 IS 5 BP 18 EP 26 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA 643IQ UT WOS:000281289200007 ER PT J AU Campbell, T Allard, R Preller, R Smedstad, L Wallcraft, A Chen, S Jin, H Gabersek, S Hodur, R Reich, J Fry, CD Eccles, V Cheng, HP Cheng, JRC Hunter, R DeLuca, C Theurich, G AF Campbell, Tim Allard, Richard Preller, Ruth Smedstad, Lucy Wallcraft, Alan Chen, Sue Jin, Hao Gabersek, Sasa Hodur, Richard Reich, Joseph Fry, Craig D. Ghee Eccles, Vince Cheng, Hwai-Ping Cheng, Jing-Ru C. Hunter, Robert DeLuca, Cecelia Theurich, Gerhard TI Integrated Modeling of the Battlespace Environment SO COMPUTING IN SCIENCE & ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID SOLAR-WIND AB The goal of the Battlespace Environments Institute (BE!) is to integrate Earth and space modeling capabilities into a seamless, whole-Earth common modeling infrastructure that facilitates interservice development of multiple, mission-specific environmental simulations and supports battlefield decisions, improves interoperability, and reduces operating costs. C1 [Campbell, Tim; Allard, Richard] USN, Res Lab, Oceanog Div,Nearshore & Coupled Models Sect, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. [Chen, Sue; Jin, Hao] USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA USA. [Hodur, Richard; Theurich, Gerhard] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. [Reich, Joseph] USAF, Weather Agcy, Space Weather Integrat Team, Offutt AFB, NE USA. [Fry, Craig D. Ghee] Explorat Phys Int, Huntsville, AL USA. [Eccles, Vince] Space Environm Corp, Providence, UT USA. [Cheng, Jing-Ru C.; Hunter, Robert] USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Informat Technol Lab, Vicksburg, MS USA. [DeLuca, Cecelia] NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Campbell, T (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Oceanog Div,Nearshore & Coupled Models Sect, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. EM tim.campbell@nrlssc.navy.mil; richard.allard@nrlssc.navy.mil; ruth.preller@nrlssc.navy.mil; lucy.smedstad@nrlssc.navy.mil; alan.wallcraft@nrlssc.navy.mil; sue.chen@nrlmry.navy.mil; hao.jin@nrlmry.navy.mil; sasa.gabersek.ctr@nrlmry.navy.mil; richard.hodurctr@nrlmry.navy.mil; joseph.reich@offutt.af.mil; gfry@expi.com; vince@spacenv.com; hwai-ping.cheng@usace.army.mil; Ruth.C.Cheng@usace.army.mil; Robert.M.Hunter@usace.army.mil; cecelia.deluca@noaa.gov; theurich@sourcespring.net OI Allard, Richard/0000-0002-6066-2722 FU US DoD; NASA; NOAA National Weather Service and Climate Program Office; US National Science Foundation FX BEI is sponsored by the US DoD HPC Modernization Program (HPCMP) and we carried out our simulations at HPCMP supercomputing resource centers. We thank the NRL's Paul Martin, Paul May, James Doyle, and Eric Rogers for contributing both insight and code to the COAMPS project; and the ERDC's Jerry Lin for model construction, data analyses, and mesh generation. Support and funding for ESMF is through the DoD HPCMP, the NASA Modeling Analysis and Prediction Program, the NOAA National Weather Service and Climate Program Office, and the US National Science Foundation. COAMPS is a registered trademark of the US NRL. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1521-9615 J9 COMPUT SCI ENG JI Comput. Sci. Eng. PD SEP-OCT PY 2010 VL 12 IS 5 BP 36 EP 45 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA 643IQ UT WOS:000281289200009 ER PT J AU Atapour, M Pilchak, A Frankel, GS Williams, JC AF Atapour, M. Pilchak, A. Frankel, G. S. Williams, J. C. TI Corrosion behaviour of investment cast and friction stir processed Ti-6Al-4V SO CORROSION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Titanium; SEM; Polarization; Segregation ID TI-5-PERCENT-TA-1.8-PERCENT-NB ALLOY; TITANIUM; MICROSTRUCTURE; PASSIVITY; ADDITIONS; NIOBIUM; WELDS; HCL; ZR; TI AB The corrosion behaviour of investment cast and friction stir (FS) processed Ti-6Al-4V alloy was studied in HCl solution. FS processing was performed with the peak temperatures both above and below the beta transus. All of the samples exhibited active-passive transitions in deaerated 5% HCl at room temperature, but the beta FS processed samples exhibited superior corrosion behaviour. The corrosion morphology after immersion in 20% HCl was rationalized on the basis of a difference in partitioning of the alloying elements, which controls the composition of the alpha and beta phases. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Atapour, M.; Pilchak, A.; Frankel, G. S.; Williams, J. C.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Atapour, M.] Isfahan Univ Technol, Dept Mat Engn, Esfahan 8415683111, Iran. [Pilchak, A.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Pilchak, A.] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Frankel, GS (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 116 W 19th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM frankel@matsceng.ohio-state.edu RI Frankel, Gerald/C-3113-2012 OI Frankel, Gerald/0000-0003-0573-3548 FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-06-1-0089]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA8650-07-D-5800] FX The authors would like to acknowledge J. Ault (Precision Cast-parts Corp.) for providing the material used in this study. The authors are grateful to Prof. A.P. Reynolds (University of South Carolina) and the Edison Welding Institute (Columbus, OH) for performing subtransus and supertransus friction stir processing, respectively. This work was partially funded by the Office of Naval Research (Contract No. N00014-06-1-0089). One of the authors (ALP) would also like to acknowledge support from Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Contract No. FA8650-07-D-5800) during the preparation of this manuscript. NR 40 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 26 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0010-938X J9 CORROS SCI JI Corrosion Sci. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 52 IS 9 BP 3062 EP 3069 DI 10.1016/j.corsci.2010.05.026 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 630KP UT WOS:000280272200037 ER PT J AU Harris, F Rangaswamy, M AF Harris, Fred Rangaswamy, Muralidhar TI Untitled SO DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Harris, Fred] San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Rangaswamy, Muralidhar] USAF, Res Lab, SNHE, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. RP Harris, F (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. EM fred.harris@sdsu.edu; muralidhar.rangaswamy@hanscom.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1051-2004 J9 DIGIT SIGNAL PROCESS JI Digit. Signal Prog. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 20 IS 5 BP 1309 EP 1309 DI 10.1016/j.dsp.2010.05.002 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 613IY UT WOS:000278973800001 ER PT J AU Kidane, A Chalivendra, VB Shukla, A Chona, R AF Kidane, Addis Chalivendra, Vijaya B. Shukla, Arun Chona, Ravi TI Mixed-mode dynamic crack propagation in graded materials under thermo-mechanical loading SO ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE Functionally graded materials; Thermo-mechanical loading; Crack growth; Mixed mode; Dynamic fracture ID STRESS-INTENSITY FACTORS; FINITE-ELEMENT-ANALYSIS; THERMAL-STRESS; COMPOSITIONAL GRADIENTS; EDGE CRACK; SURFACE; FIELDS; COATINGS; FRACTURE; GROWTH AB Mixed-mode dynamic crack growth behavior in functionally graded materials (FGMs) under thermo-mechanical loading is studied. Asymptotic analysis in conjunction with displacement potentials has been used to develop thermo-mechanical stress fields for a mixed mode propagating crack in a FGM. The shear modulus, mass density, thermal conductivity and coefficient of thermal expansion of the FGM are assumed to vary exponentially along the gradation direction. First, asymptotic temperature fields are derived for an exponential variation of thermal conductivity and later these temperature fields are used in deriving stress fields. Using asymptotic thermo-mechanical stress fields the variation of maximum shear stress, circumferential stress and strain-energy density as a function of temperature around the crack tip are generated. Finally, utilizing the minimum strain-energy density criterion and the maximum circumferential stress criterion, the crack growth direction for various crack-tip speeds, non-homogeneity coefficients and temperature fields are determined. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kidane, Addis] CALTECH, Grad Aeronaut Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Chalivendra, Vijaya B.] Univ Massachusetts Dartmouth, Dept Mech Engn, N Dartmouth, MA 02747 USA. [Shukla, Arun] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Mech Engn, Dynam Photomech Lab, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Chona, Ravi] USAF, Struct Sci Ctr, Air Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kidane, A (reprint author), CALTECH, Grad Aeronaut Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM addis@caltech.edu OI , Addis/0000-0003-0830-0158 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA 95500610162, FA 95500910639] FX The financial support of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Grant Nos. FA 95500610162 and FA 95500910639 is gratefully acknowledged. NR 35 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-7944 J9 ENG FRACT MECH JI Eng. Fract. Mech. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 77 IS 14 BP 2864 EP 2880 DI 10.1016/j.engfracmech.2010.07.004 PG 17 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 660VW UT WOS:000282675600017 ER PT J AU Ruby, TZ Gibler, D AF Ruby, Tomislav Z. Gibler, Douglas TI US professional military education and democratization abroad SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS LA English DT Article DE coup-proofing; democratization; human rights; Professional Military Education; socialization ID DEMOCRACY; GREECE; NATO; WAR AB United States Professional Military Education (US PME) has commonly been blamed for training some of the worst abusers of human rights - Latin American dictators and thugs like Argentina's Leopoldo Galtieri and Panama's Manuel Noriega, Timorese counter-insurgents, and even some officers who would eventually serve the Taliban in Afghanistan. We test this conventional wisdom using both large-N analyses and case studies of Argentina, Greece, and Taiwan. Our large-N results suggest that US PME trained foreign officers prove to be an important stabilizing force during times of democratic transition. Our case studies uncover very few cases of US PME officers linked to human rights abuses; interestingly, in each of our cases, the US PME trained officers provided the initial infrastructure needed to begin domestic military education programs that encouraged civilian control of the military in emerging democracies. C1 [Gibler, Douglas] Univ Alabama, Dept Polit Sci, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Ruby, Tomislav Z.] USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Gibler, D (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Polit Sci, Box 870213, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. EM doug.gibler@gmail.com NR 44 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 6 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1354-0661 J9 EUR J INT RELAT JI Eur. J. Int. Relat. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 16 IS 3 BP 339 EP 364 DI 10.1177/1354066109344659 PG 26 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA 646QZ UT WOS:000281558400002 ER PT J AU Harris, M Maji, AK deBlonk, BJ Whetzal, JA AF Harris, M. Maji, A. K. deBlonk, B. J. Whetzal, J. A. TI OPTICAL TESTING OF A DEPLOYABLE SPACE TELESCOPE SO EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article C1 [Harris, M.; Maji, A. K.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Civil Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [deBlonk, B. J.] USAF, Spacecraft Component Technol Branch, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. [Whetzal, J. A.] S Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Dept Mech Engn, Rapid City, SD USA. RP Harris, M (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Civil Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM amaji@unm.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratories (AFRL) in Albuquerque FX The authors acknowledge support from the Air Force Research Laboratories (AFRL) in Albuquerque, NM, and Dr. Thomas Murphey. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0732-8818 J9 EXP TECHNIQUES JI Exp. Tech. PD SEP-OCT PY 2010 VL 34 IS 5 BP 52 EP 58 DI 10.1111/j.1747-1567.2009.00540.x PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Mechanics; Materials Science GA 665YQ UT WOS:000283074400007 ER PT J AU Brothers, MD Doan, BK Zupan, MF Wile, AL Wilber, RL Byrnes, WC AF Brothers, Michael D. Doan, Brandon K. Zupan, Michael F. Wile, Al L. Wilber, Randall L. Byrnes, William C. TI Hematological and Physiological Adaptations Following 46 Weeks of Moderate Altitude Residence SO HIGH ALTITUDE MEDICINE & BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE moderate altitude acclimatization; Vo(2)peak; running economy; erythropoiesis ID HIGH-TRAINING LOW; SUBMAXIMAL CYCLING EFFICIENCY; HEMOGLOBIN MASS; SEA-LEVEL; INDIVIDUAL VARIATION; AEROBIC PERFORMANCE; DISTANCE RUNNERS; OXYGEN-UPTAKE; ACCLIMATIZATION; ENDURANCE AB Brothers Michael D., Brandon K. Doan, Michael F. Zupan, Al L. Wile, Randall L. Wilber, and William C. Byrnes. Hematological and physiological adaptations following 46 weeks of moderate-altitude residence. High Alt. Med. Biol. 199-208, 2010-. Although acclimatization to moderate altitude (MA) is thought to be unnecessary or to require minimal adaptation, retrospective data from the U. S. Air Force Academy (USAFA), a military college located at 2210 m, suggested otherwise. To further examine the utility of USAFA as a model for MA acclimatization, a longitudinal experimental design was prospectively utilized to determine the magnitude and time course of selected hematological and performance parameters following 46 weeks at this unique MA setting. Incoming USAFA male freshmen (n = 55) were divided into experimental groups based on prior residence at sea level (SL) or MA. Hematological and performance parameters were repeatedly assessed during their entire first year at MA. Hematological data consisted of a complete blood count (CBC) with reticulocyte parameters, as well as determination of serum levels of ferritin, erythropoietin, and soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR). Performance testing included aerobic (1.5-mile run) and physical (push-ups, sit-ups, pull-ups, and standing long jump) fitness tests, maximal aerobic capacity, and running economy. Significant (p < 0.05; main effect) hematological differences between SL and MA subjects were observed for the majority of the study. MA subjects had a significantly higher hemoglobin concentration ([Hb], +5.5%), hematocrit (+2.8%), and serum ferritin (+59.0%) and significantly lower sTfR (-11.4%) values than their SL peers. Although both serum ferritin and sTfR demonstrated a significant altitude group x time interaction, [Hb] and hematocrit did not. A significant main effect of altitude without interaction was also observed for performance parameters, with SL subjects having a significantly lower Vo(2)peak (-5.9%), slower 1.5- mile run time (+5.4%), poorer running economy (+6.6%), and lower composite physical fitness test score (-13.9%) than MA subjects. These results suggest that complete acclimatization to 2210m by former SL residents may require lengthy physiological adaptations, as both hematological and physical performance differences persisted between groups. Further research at this uniquely well controlled MA setting is warranted. C1 [Brothers, Michael D.; Doan, Brandon K.; Zupan, Michael F.; Wile, Al L.] USAF Acad, Human Performance Lab, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Wilber, Randall L.] US Olymp Training Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO USA. [Byrnes, William C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Integrat Physiol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Brothers, MD (reprint author), USAF Acad, Human Performance Lab, 2169 Field House Dr,Ste 111, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM michael.brothers@usafa.edu FU USAFA hematology lab; USAFA; Air Force Research Laboratory FX We thank Mr. Scott Dunbar at Beckman-Coulter for reagent. We thank Lts. Zachary Garrett and Courtney Hemmert, Niki Bannister, Luisa Sullivan, and Benton Westergaard for their assistance in the GXT data collection. Additionally, we would like to thank Dr. (Lt. Col.) Mel Fotinos, Lt. Col. William Barnes, Mrs. Nadine Alexander, T. Sgt. Gregary Stapleton, S. Sgt. Christine Ramler, S. Sgt. Justin Mallon, S. Sgt. Nicole Ehrorn, S. Sgt. George Diaz, S. Sgt. Anne Kramer, S. Sgt. Mary Penny, S. Sgt. Nicole Smith, Sr. A. John Shields, Sr. A. Sean Landolt, and the USAFA hematology lab personnel for their assistance and support. Finally, we thank key personnel at USAFA for their support and funding of this study.; This research was partially funded by a grant from the Air Force Research Laboratory. NR 30 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 12 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1527-0297 J9 HIGH ALT MED BIOL JI High Alt. Med. Biol. PD FAL PY 2010 VL 11 IS 3 BP 199 EP 208 DI 10.1089/ham.2009.1090 PG 10 WC Biophysics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Sport Sciences SC Biophysics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Sport Sciences GA 658UJ UT WOS:000282514600004 PM 20919886 ER PT J AU Sotnikov, VI Leboeuf, JN Mudaliar, S AF Sotnikov, V. I. Leboeuf, J. N. Mudaliar, S. TI Scattering of Electromagnetic Waves in the Presence of Wave Turbulence Excited by a Flow With Velocity Shear SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Ion-acoustic instability; shear flow; wave scattering; wave spectra ID SIDE-BAND; PLASMA; EXCITATION AB It is well known that an incompressible sheared flow with an inflection point in the velocity profile will result in the formation of turbulent vortices. In the case of compressible plasma flow with velocity shear, ion-acoustic fluctuations in addition to vortices will be generated. We present detailed analysis of the excitation of such low-frequency oscillations in a compressible plasma flow with velocity shear. To examine the process of the excitation and nonlinear saturation of low-frequency oscillations in the presence of a flow shear, a nonlinear system of equations was derived. We employ a predictor-corrector method to solve this system numerically. Spectral analysis of obtained numerical solutions allows to calculate the turbulent density spectra for different velocity profiles. We find that the impact of this turbulence associated with ion-acoustic wave fluctuations is considerably more significant and dominant than that due to the turbulent vortices. Another goal for our research is to understand the influence of this turbulent flow on electromagnetic (EM) signals. Since the thickness of the flow can be fairly small in the case of hypersonic vehicles, we employed a single-scattering perturbation theory to study the scattering of the EM signals from the plasma sheath. We observe that the EM scattering from the turbulent density fluctuations of the flow results in shifted signal spectra above and below that of the source. Such shifts can have rather adverse effects on the sensor performance. For instance, shifts in temporal spectra will result in channel interference and crosstalk in communication systems. Because of the nature of the dispersion characteristics of the ion-acoustic waves, the shifts in spatial spectra of scattered EM waves can be very large. This will lead to large fluctuations in integrated phase shifts and hence, results in significant signal distortion. We carried out detailed theoretical analyses and numerical calculations to understand the nature of the influence of such hypersonic turbulent flow on EM signals. The complete loss of the EM signal because of the overdense condition of the plasma sheath is well known. We find that even in underdense conditions, GPS-based navigation can be significantly impaired because of the GPS signal distortion by the turbulence caused by such ion-acoustic wave fluctuations. C1 [Sotnikov, V. I.; Mudaliar, S.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Leboeuf, J. N.] JNL Sci, Casa Grande, AZ 85294 USA. RP Sotnikov, VI (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM sotnikov@gmail.com FU Air Force Research Laboratory at the University of Nevada at Reno [FA8718-08-C-0003]; US Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The works of V. I. Sotnikov and J. N. Leboeuf were funded by the Air Force Research Laboratory through the contract FA8718-08-C-0003 at the University of Nevada at Reno, while the work of S. Mudaliar was supported by the US Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 13 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 38 IS 9 BP 2208 EP 2218 DI 10.1109/TPS.2010.2049664 PN 1 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 668EX UT WOS:000283252500017 ER PT J AU Szmulowicz, F Brown, GJ AF Szmulowicz, F. Brown, G. J. TI GaSb for passivating type-II InAs/GaSb superlattice mesas SO INFRARED PHYSICS & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Passivation; Superlattice; InAs/GaSb; Infrared detector; Focal plane array ID PHOTODIODES; DETECTORS; LIFETIME AB The lack of stable passivation for mesa sidewalls is hampering the development of infrared focal plane arrays (FPAs) based on type-II InAs/GaSb superlattices (SL). We propose the use of GaSb itself to fill the space between FPA pixels, thus eliminating sidewalls and sidewall currents. In such a structure, the conduction band discontinuity between the SL and the GaSb encapsulant constrains electrons to move vertically between the contacts, while the low, vertical hole mobility causes holes to preferentially move transversely. Hence, this scheme (a) eliminates surface leakage currents, which improves detectivity and (b) reduces the density of excess holes in the active region of the device, which improves Shockley-Reed-Hall and direct recombination lifetimes, thereby the detector operating temperature and figures of merit. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Szmulowicz, F.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Brown, G. J.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Szmulowicz, F (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM Frank.Szmulowicz@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force [FA8650-06-D-5401] FX The work of F.S. was supported by the Air Force Contract FA8650-06-D-5401. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1350-4495 J9 INFRARED PHYS TECHN JI Infrared Phys. Technol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 53 IS 5 BP 305 EP 307 DI 10.1016/j.infrared.2010.05.002 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 657IP UT WOS:000282406700001 ER PT J AU Senkov, ON Wilks, GB Miracle, DB Chuang, CP Liaw, PK AF Senkov, O. N. Wilks, G. B. Miracle, D. B. Chuang, C. P. Liaw, P. K. TI Refractory high-entropy alloys SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article DE Alloy design; Crystallography; Casting; Microstructure; Electron microscopy, scanning AB Two refractory high-entropy alloys with near-equiatomic concentrations, W-Nb-Mo-Ta and W-Nb-Mo-Ta-V, were produced by vacuum arc melting. Despite containing many constituents both alloys have a single-phase body-centered cubic (BCC) structure. The lattice parameters a = 3.2134(3) angstrom for the quaternary alloy and a = 3.1832(2) angstrom for the quinternary alloy were determined with high-energy X-ray diffraction using a scattering vector length range from 0.7 to 20 angstrom(-1). The alloy density and Vickers microhardness were rho = 13.75 g/cm(3) and H(v) = 4455 MPa for the W-Nb-Mo-Ta alloy and rho = 12.36 g/cm(3) and H(v) = 5250 MPa for the W-Nb-Mo-Ta-V alloy. The exceptional microhardness in these alloys is greater than any individual constituent, suggesting the operation of a solid-solution-like strengthening mechanism. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Senkov, O. N.] Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Senkov, O. N.; Wilks, G. B.; Miracle, D. B.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Wilks, G. B.] Gen Dynam Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Chuang, C. P.; Liaw, P. K.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Senkov, ON (reprint author), Universal Energy Syst Inc, 4401 Dayton Xenia Rd, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM oleg.senkov@wpafb.af.mil RI Senkov, Oleg/C-7197-2012 OI Senkov, Oleg/0000-0001-5587-415X FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; USAF [FA8650-10-D-5226] FX The authors would like to acknowledge their appreciation of the technical support provided by J.M. Scott, J.M. Shank, F. Meisenkothen, and W.A. Houston (all UES, Inc.) in specimen preparation and characterization. The high-energy X-ray diffraction was performed at the Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory. This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Dr. Joan Fuller, Program Manager) and through USAF Contract No. FA8650-10-D-5226. NR 9 TC 229 Z9 234 U1 38 U2 228 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-9795 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PD SEP PY 2010 VL 18 IS 9 BP 1758 EP 1765 DI 10.1016/j.intermet.2010.05.014 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 637ZF UT WOS:000280857400009 ER PT J AU Caton, MJ Jha, SK AF Caton, M. J. Jha, S. K. TI Small fatigue crack growth and failure mode transitions in a Ni-base superalloy at elevated temperature SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Article DE Fatigue; Small crack; Fractography; Intergranular; Transgranular; Dwell ID NICKEL-BASED SUPERALLOYS; LOW-CYCLE FATIGUE; MICROSTRUCTURE; PROPAGATION; BEHAVIOR; 500-700-DEGREES-C; ENVIRONMENT; INCLUSIONS; ALLOY-718; ASTROLOY AB A study of the long and small fatigue crack growth behavior in IN100 tested at 650 degrees C both with and without dwell periods is summarized A significant small crack effect is evident in this alloy, and it is observed that the influence of loading variables on small crack behavior is profoundly different from that on long cracks. While a 6 s dwell has negligible effect on long crack growth rates, It results in more than an order of magnitude faster growth for small cracks (similar to 30 mu m to 1 mm). Long crack growth is dominated by intergranular cracking both with and without 6 s dwell. Small crack growth mode depends on numerous factors including crack size, dwell time, exposure to environment, and character of initiation site Transitions in small crack growth modes and the operative crack growth mechanisms are discussed Published by Elsevier Ltd C1 [Caton, M. J.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, RXLMN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Jha, S. K.] United Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Caton, MJ (reprint author), USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, RXLMN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. FU Defense Advanced Research Project Agency (DARPA) [M978, Q588, P699, S271]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) FX This work was performed at the Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH The partial financial support of the Defense Advanced Research Project Agency (DARPA) under DARPA orders M978, Q588, P699, and S271 with Dr. Leo Christodoulou as the program manager is gratefully acknowledged. Essential support was also provided by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) with Dr Victor Giurgiutiu as the program manager. The authors also wish to acknowledge Dr. Reji John, Dr. Jim Larsen, Dr Chris Szczepanski, and Dr. Kezhong Li for their helpful technical discussions, Mr. Dale Osborne for his performance of the long crack testing, and Mr. Phil Buskohl and Mr. Eric Burba for their assistance with the replication-based small crack growth experiments NR 32 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PD SEP PY 2010 VL 32 IS 9 BP 1461 EP 1472 DI 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2010.01.015 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 609EF UT WOS:000278637300006 ER PT J AU Oh, S Anwar, D Theodore, A Lee, JH Wu, CY Wander, J AF Oh, Sewon Anwar, Diandra Theodore, Alexandros Lee, Jin-Hwa Wu, Chang-Yu Wander, Joe TI Development and evaluation of a novel bioaerosol amplification unit (BAU) for improved viral aerosol collection SO JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Bioaerosol; Virus; Condensation; Amplification; Sampling ID EFFICIENCY; IMPINGERS; PARTICLES; IMPACTION; COUNTER AB A novel bioaerosol amplification unit (BAU) that increases the size of viral particles by condensational growth has been designed and evaluated for improved viral aerosol collection. In the BAU, water was used as the condensing vapor to preserve viability of virus, and supersaturation conditions for condensational growth of particles were achieved by either conductive cooling or mixing with hot, water-saturated air. MS2 bacteriophage (28 nm) was used as the test agent, and changes in collection efficiency of an SKC Biosampler with and without the BAU were determined by assaying plaque-forming units (PFUs) in the collection medium. Results showed that the mixing-type BAU (mBAU) was a promising device for improved viral aerosol sampling. The number of viruses (PFU) collected in the Biosampler increased 2-3 fold after passing through the mBAU. However, PFU increases in the cooling-type BAU (cBAU) were insignificant. APS results likewise showed that the mBAU was better in growing particles than the cBAU. After growth, number concentrations of particles larger than 327 nm in the cBAU and mBAU increased 1.3 and 15.0 fold, respectively. The relatively high molecular diffusivity of water vapor compared to the thermal diffusivity of air and the temperature gradient in the cBAU tube limited particle growth by causing condensation to occur predominantly at the colder wall. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lee, Jin-Hwa; Wu, Chang-Yu] Univ Florida, Dept Environm Engn Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Oh, Sewon] Sangmyung Univ, Dept Environm Engn, Seoul, South Korea. [Anwar, Diandra; Theodore, Alexandros] Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Wander, Joe] USAF, Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL USA. RP Wu, CY (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Environm Engn Sci, POB 116450, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM cywu@ufl.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-06-C-5913] FX The authors thank Dr. Dale Lundgren for his valuable comments and discussions and acknowledge financial support from Air Force Research Laboratory under Contract No. FA8650-06-C-5913. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8502 J9 J AEROSOL SCI JI J. Aerosol. Sci. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 41 IS 9 BP 889 EP 894 DI 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2010.06.002 PG 6 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 639JC UT WOS:000280970100006 ER PT J AU Bond, VL Canfield, RA Matos, MDMS Suleman, A Blair, M AF Bond, Vanessa L. Canfield, Robert A. Madruga Santos Matos, Maria da Luz Suleman, Afzal Blair, Maxwell TI Joined-Wing Wind-Tunnel Test for Longitudinal Control via Aftwing Twist SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 48th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference/3rd AIAA Multidisciplinary Design Optimization Specialist Conference CY APR 23-26, 2007 CL Honolulu, HI SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, ASME, ASCE, AHS, ASC AB Wind-tunnel tests were conducted to assess the use of aftwing twist for longitudinal control in a joined-wing aircraft. Forces and moments required for pitch control were measured experimentally, along with limited chordwise pressure measurements. Comparisons of aerodynamic panel model predictions with experimental data were used to calculate camber and center-of-pressure corrections. The lift-curve slope measured at four flow speeds compared favorably to linear predictions over the range of 20 angles of attack. The pitching moment coefficient was linear at the three lower flow speeds for untwisted and twist-down aft wings over a narrower range of about 10 angles of attack. The pressure exhibited shifts in the chordwise distribution at angles of attack coinciding with the change in the moment curve slope. The large spread in the twist-up aftwing configuration drag and pitching-moment coefficients indicated flow separation on the aft wing, even at small angles of attack, deterring the twist effectiveness. Independent forward and aftwing measurements and more extensive use of pressure sensors are recommended in future experiments to confirm the apparent separation and interference effects that must be avoided if aftwing twist is to be used for pitch control on a joined wing. C1 [Bond, Vanessa L.] Arnold Engn Dev Ctr, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. [Canfield, Robert A.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Madruga Santos Matos, Maria da Luz] Acad Forca Aerea, P-2710 Sintra, Portugal. [Suleman, Afzal] Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. [Blair, Maxwell] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Bond, VL (reprint author), Arnold Engn Dev Ctr, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. RI Canfield, Robert/C-1798-2012; OI Canfield, Robert/0000-0003-3679-2815; Suleman, Afzal/0000-0001-8936-7340 NR 13 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD SEP-OCT PY 2010 VL 47 IS 5 BP 1481 EP 1489 DI 10.2514/1.41140 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 667PM UT WOS:000283206100002 ER PT J AU Johnston, JS Swenson, ED AF Johnston, Jeffrey S. Swenson, Eric D. TI Feasibility Study of Global-Positioning-System-Based Aircraft-Carrier Flight-Deck Persistent Monitoring System SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference CY AUG 10-13, 2009 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB This research analyzes the use of modern guidance, navigation, and control concepts, such as the Global Positioning System, with the potential for improvements in the safety of aircraft, equipment, and personnel onboard a U.S. Navy aircraft carrier. The results of a detailed analysis of U.S. Navy safety records since 1980 show that mishaps that could potentially be prevented by a persistent monitoring system have resulted in the deaths of 13 sailors and account for over $90 million in damages, or 5% of the total cost of all flight-deck- and hangar-bay-related mishaps. Research efforts included a study of the movements of U.S. Navy personnel and an FA-18C aircraft being towed at Naval Air Station Oceana, Virginia. Pseudospectral motion planning techniques are explored to provide route prediction for aircraft, support equipment, and personnel. A system to continually monitor flight-deck operations is proposed, with four successive levels of increasing capability. The research shows that radio navigation can provide the necessary accuracy to improve flight-deck safety, but that substantial computing power and augmentation of the Global Positioning System are necessary. C1 [Johnston, Jeffrey S.; Swenson, Eric D.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Johnston, JS (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM johnstonjs@gmail.com; eric.swenson@afit.edu NR 34 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD SEP-OCT PY 2010 VL 47 IS 5 BP 1624 EP 1635 DI 10.2514/1.C000220 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 667PM UT WOS:000283206100015 ER PT J AU Ghommem, M Hajj, MR Pettit, CL Beran, PS AF Ghommem, M. Hajj, M. R. Pettit, C. L. Beran, P. S. TI Stochastic Modeling of Incident Gust Effects on Aerodynamic Lift SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article ID UNCERTAINTY QUANTIFICATION; POLYNOMIAL CHAOS; FLOW SIMULATIONS; TURBULENCE AB The intrusive formulation of polynomial chaos expansion is implemented to determine uncertainty in aerodynamic loads on a rigid airfoil due to imprecise parameters that characterize an incoming gust. The results yield the sensitivity of the lift coefficient to variations in intensities and integral length scales of the gust fluctuations. The results show that lift coefficient fluctuations about the mean of each time step are affected primarily by the intensity of the fluctuations of the vertical velocity component, which should be expected. Next in order of importance is the integral length scale of the vertical velocity component. This implementation of the intrusive polynomial chaos expansion provides guidance for future efforts to quantify uncertain gust loads on micro air vehicles with higher fidelity models. C1 [Ghommem, M.; Hajj, M. R.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Engn Sci & Mech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Pettit, C. L.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Beran, P. S.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ghommem, M (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Engn Sci & Mech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RI Hajj, Muhammad/A-1176-2010 FU Air Force Research Laboratory [FA 8650-09-02-3938] FX Support by Air Force Research Laboratory Contract FA 8650-09-02-3938 is acknowledged. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD SEP-OCT PY 2010 VL 47 IS 5 BP 1720 EP 1727 DI 10.2514/1.C000257 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 667PM UT WOS:000283206100023 ER PT J AU Poggie, J Tilmann, CP Flick, PM Silkey, JS Osborne, BA Ervin, G Maric, D AF Poggie, Jonathan Tilmann, Carl P. Flick, Peter M. Silkey, Joseph S. Osborne, Bradley A. Ervin, Gregory Maric, Dragan TI Closed-Loop Stall Control System SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 48th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting CY JAN 04-07, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP AIAA ID FLOW-CONTROL; PLASMA ACTUATORS AB A closed-loop, stall sense and control system was demonstrated on a morphing airfoil. The FlexSys, Inc. Mission Adaptive Compliant Wing was modified to accept a Boeing Co. dielectric barrier discharge actuator panel in a location immediately upstream of the trailing-edge morphing flap, and hot-film sensors' were installed on the model surface. A signal analysis algorithm, developed by Tao Systems, Inc., was applied to the hot-film signals to detect separation and trigger activation of the dielectric barrier discharge actuators. The system was successfully demonstrated in the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory Phillip P. Antonatos Subsonic Aerodynamics Research Laboratory wind-tunnel facility, and an improvement in lift of about 10% was observed at Mach 0.05 (chord Reynolds number 9 x 10(5)) under closed-loop control and a turbulent boundary-layer state. Actuator effectiveness was demonstrated up to Mach 0.1, but must be extended to Mach 0.2-0.3 to enable a practical stall control system for takeoff and approach of large aircraft. It may be possible to obtain that level of performance by optimizing the actuator locations and input waveforms. C1 [Poggie, Jonathan; Tilmann, Carl P.; Flick, Peter M.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Silkey, Joseph S.; Osborne, Bradley A.] Boeing Integrated Def Syst, St Louis, MO 63166 USA. [Ervin, Gregory; Maric, Dragan] FlexSys, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Poggie, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD SEP-OCT PY 2010 VL 47 IS 5 BP 1747 EP 1755 DI 10.2514/1.C000262 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 667PM UT WOS:000283206100026 ER PT J AU Goodwyn, E AF Goodwyn, Erik TI Approaching archetypes: reconsidering innateness SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Jung; archetype; domain-specific algorithm; evolutionary psychology; mental module; nativism; innate ID EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY; PSYCHIATRY; ORGANIZATION AB The question of innateness has hounded Jungian psychology since Jung originally postulated the archetype as an a priori structure within the psyche. During his life and after his death he was continually accused of Lamarckianism and criticized for his theory that the archetypes existed as prior structures. More recently, with the advent of genetic research and the human genome project, the idea that psychological structures can be innate has come under even harsher criticism even within Jungian thought. There appears to be a growing consensus that Jung's idea of innate psychological structures was misguided, and that perhaps the archetype-as-such should be abandoned for more developmental and 'emergent' theories of the psyche. The purpose of this essay is to question this conclusion, and introduce some literature on psychological innateness that appears relevant to this discussion. C1 [Goodwyn, Erik] USAF, Minot Air Force Base, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Goodwyn, Erik] Wright State Univ, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Goodwyn, E (reprint author), USAF, Minot Air Force Base, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. EM Erik.Goodwyn@minot.af.mil NR 47 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0021-8774 J9 J ANAL PSYCHOL JI J. Anal. Psychol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 55 IS 4 BP 502 EP 521 PG 20 WC Psychology, Psychoanalysis SC Psychology GA 646NS UT WOS:000281549900003 PM 20883307 ER PT J AU Goodwyn, E AF Goodwyn, Erik TI The author replies SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID TRANSGENERATIONAL EPIGENETIC INHERITANCE; BLIND; ARCHETYPES C1 [Goodwyn, Erik] USAF, Minot AF Base, Minot, ND USA. Wright State Univ, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Goodwyn, E (reprint author), USAF, Minot AF Base, Minot, ND USA. EM Erik.Goodwyn@minot.af.mil NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0021-8774 J9 J ANAL PSYCHOL JI J. Anal. Psychol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 55 IS 4 BP 550 EP 555 PG 6 WC Psychology, Psychoanalysis SC Psychology GA 646NS UT WOS:000281549900007 ER PT J AU Tokish, JM McBratney, CM Solomon, DJ LeClere, L Dewing, CB Provencher, MT AF Tokish, John M. McBratney, Colleen M. Solomon, Daniel J. LeClere, Lance Dewing, Christopher B. Provencher, Matthew T. TI Arthroscopic Repair of Circumferential Lesions of the Glenoid Labrum Surgical Technique SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND JOINT SURGERY-AMERICAN VOLUME LA English DT Article AB BACKGROUND: Symptomatic pan-labral or circumferential (360) tears of the glenohumeral labrum are an uncommon injury. The purpose of the present study was to report the results of surgical treatment of circumferential lesions of the glenoid labrum with use of validated outcome instruments. METHODS: From July 2003 to May 2006, forty-one shoulders in thirty-nine patients (thirty-four men and five women) with a mean age of 25.1 years were prospectively enrolled in a multicenter study and were managed for a circumferential (360) lesion of the glenoid labrum. All patients had a primary diagnosis of pain and recurrent shoulder instability, and all underwent arthroscopic repair of the circumferential labral tear with a mean of 7.1 suture anchors. The outcomes for thirty-nine of the forty-one shoulders were assessed after a mean duration of follow-up of 31.8 months on the basis of the rating of pain and instability on a scale of 0 to 10, a physical examination, and three outcome instruments (the Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation score, the modified American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score, and the Short Form-12 score). RESULTS: Significant improvement was noted in terms of the mean pain score (from 4.3 to 1.1), the mean instability score (from 7.3 to 0.2), the mean modified American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score (from 55.5 to 89.6), the mean Short Form-12 score (from 75.7 to 90.0), and the mean Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation score (from 36.7 to 88.5). Six shoulders required revision surgery because of recurrent instability (two), recalcitrant biceps tendinitis (two), or postoperative tightness (two). All patients returned to their preinjury activity level. CONCLUSIONS: Pan-labral or circumferential lesions are an uncommon yet extensive injury of the glenohumeral joint that may result in recurrent instability and pain. The present study demonstrates that arthroscopic capsulolabral repair with suture anchor fixation can restore the stability of the glenohumeral joint and can provide a reliable improvement in subjective and objective outcome measures. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence. ORIGINAL ABSTRACT CITATION: "Arthroscopic Repair of Circumferential Lesions of the Glenoid Labrum" (2009;91:2795-802). C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. USN, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. RP Tokish, JM (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Orthoped, 1 Jarrett White Rd, Honolulu, HI 96819 USA. FU Arthrex; Pacific Medical FX The authors did not receive any outside funding or grants in support of their research for or preparation of this work. One or more of the authors, or a member of his or her immediate family, received, in any one year, payments or other benefits of less than $10,000 or a commitment or agreement to provide such benefits from commercial entities (Arthrex and Pacific Medical). NR 4 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOURNAL BONE JOINT SURGERY INC PI NEEDHAM PA 20 PICKERING ST, NEEDHAM, MA 02192 USA SN 0021-9355 J9 J BONE JOINT SURG AM JI J. Bone Joint Surg.-Am. Vol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 92A SU 1 BP 130 EP 144 DI 10.2106/JBJS.J.00234 PN 2 PG 15 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 649PT UT WOS:000281785400002 PM 20844170 ER PT J AU Day, PN Nguyen, KA Pachter, R AF Day, Paul N. Nguyen, Kiet A. Pachter, Ruth TI Calculation of One- and Two-Photon Absorption Spectra of Thiolated Gold Nanoclusters using Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THEORY AND COMPUTATION LA English DT Article ID EFFECTIVE CORE POTENTIALS; JELLIUM-BACKGROUND MODEL; COUPLED-CLUSTER METHODS; TRANSITION-METAL ATOMS; EXCITED-STATES; ONE-PHOTON; SPECTROSCOPIC PROPERTIES; MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; EXCITATION-ENERGIES; PERTURBATION-THEORY AB The one- (OPA) and two-photon (TPA) absorption spectra have been calculated for a gold dimer, for a monothiolated gold dimer anion, for a thiolated gold cluster [Au(25)(SH)(18)](-1), whose structure has been determined, and for a proposed cluster [Au(12)(SR)(9)](+1) using time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT). Geometry optimization with different exchange-correlation (X-C) functionals yielded small differences which had significant consequences in the spectra calculations. The calculated excitation energies of Au(25)(SH)(18)(-1) are in excellent agreement with experiment when the local density approximation X alpha-optimized geometry is used with the B3LYP X-C functional. The CAMB3LYP and mCAM functionals yielded OPA results in good agreement with experiment for the dimer systems and the larger clusters. The super-atom theory was useful in analyzing the electronic transitions in the larger clusters. TPA was dominated by resonance effects, and the calculated cross-sections displayed a strong X-C functional dependence. C1 [Day, Paul N.; Nguyen, Kiet A.; Pachter, Ruth] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Day, Paul N.] Dynam Informat Technol Inc, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Nguyen, Kiet A.] Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Day, PN (reprint author), USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Paul.Day@wpafb.af.mil; Ruth.Pachter@wpafb.af.mil NR 93 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 30 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1549-9618 J9 J CHEM THEORY COMPUT JI J. Chem. Theory Comput. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 6 IS 9 BP 2809 EP 2821 DI 10.1021/ct100139t PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 648KQ UT WOS:000281693000024 PM 26616082 ER PT J AU Wang, B Suscavage, M Bliss, DF Jimenez, J AF Wang, Buguo Suscavage, Michael Bliss, David F. Jimenez, J. TI Inversion domains and parallel growth in ammonothermally grown GaN crystals SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Workshop on Bulk Nitride Semiconductors CY AUG 23-28, 2009 CL Galindia, POLAND DE The ammonothermal technique; Crystal growth; GaN; Inversion domain; Crystallographic polarity; Twins ID TWINNING MORPHOLOGIES; POLARITY; MECHANISMS AB Macro-defects such as twins, inversion domains, crevices, and columnar growth occasionally appear in ammonothermally grown GaN crystals. Twinning mechanisms and parallel growth are proposed to explain the formation of these defects. As a polar crystal with wurtzite structure. GaN can have several different kinds of twins depending on the polarity arrangement of each individual twin. Inversion domains are formed in one of the twinning mechanisms. Parallel growth is used to explain the formation of pits on the nitrogen face and the columnar growth on the gallium face. Etching in hot H(3)PO(4) is used to reveal the polarities and defects of GaN crystals when they are indistinguishable. Optical microscopy, scanning electron microscope, and cathodoluminescence are also employed to study these defects. In addition, seed quality, avoidance of macro-defect formation, and impurity effects are also discussed. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Buguo] Solid State Sci Corp, Hollis, NH 03049 USA. [Suscavage, Michael; Bliss, David F.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Jimenez, J.] Univ Valladolid, Dpto Fis Mat Condensada, E-47011 Valladolid, Spain. RP Wang, B (reprint author), Solid State Sci Corp, 27-2 Wright Rd, Hollis, NH 03049 USA. EM buguo@solidstatescientific.com NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD SEP 1 PY 2010 VL 312 IS 18 BP 2507 EP 2513 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2010.04.003 PG 7 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 642AB UT WOS:000281173900004 ER PT J AU Gothard, N Wilks, G Tritt, TM Spowart, JE AF Gothard, N. Wilks, G. Tritt, T. M. Spowart, J. E. TI Effect of Processing Route on the Microstructure and Thermoelectric Properties of Bismuth Telluride-Based Alloys SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 28th International Conference on Thermoelectrics/7th European Conference on Thermoelectrics CY JUL 26-30, 2009 CL Freiburg, GERMANY DE Thermoelectric; composite; bismuth telluride ID CHANNEL ANGULAR EXTRUSION; HOT EXTRUSION; THERMAL-PROPERTIES; SINTERED BI2TE3; ORIENTATION; COMPOUND; CONDUCTIVITY; DEFORMATION; REFINEMENT; SCATTERING AB Considerable work has been done to engineer materials with high efficiencies of thermoelectric heat-to-electricity conversion and the mechanical strength necessary to withstand the demands of practical applications. In particular, in the bismuth telluride system, extrusion pressing has been found to be effective for improving the mechanical strength of alloys via grain refinement. We review some of the literature relating to processing approaches for the bismuth telluride system. We also present preliminary data for a series of samples obtained by incorporating C(60) via ball milling and spark plasma sintering into a matrix consisting of a (Bi,Sb)(2)Te(3) alloy, with a focus on the texture of the composites and its relation to thermoelectric transport properties, in comparison to the parent material. The viability of improving the thermoelectric performance of bismuth telluride alloys by the insertion of nanoparticles into a composite is also considered. C1 [Gothard, N.; Wilks, G.; Spowart, J. E.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Tritt, T. M.] Clemson Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Gothard, N (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM nicholas.gothard@wpafb.af.mil NR 38 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 39 IS 9 BP 1909 EP 1913 DI 10.1007/s11664-009-1051-5 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 644PW UT WOS:000281393000099 ER PT J AU Fosbury, AM AF Fosbury, Adam M. TI Estimation with Multitemporal Measurements SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID OF-SEQUENCE MEASUREMENTS; TRACKING; NAVIGATION; ATTITUDE AB This paper studies measurements that are mathematical functions of states at more than one time instance where the exact time instances may not be known. For consistency of discussion, they are referred to as multitemporal measurements. Many sensors that rely on received light waves, sound waves, or other transmitted physical phenomena can have measurements that are classified as multitemporal. Even though there is a finite time between the sending and receiving of these signals, measurement estimates are commonly written as if these actions occurred simultaneously. The application of lasers for communication across large distances has provided a system where ignoring this phenomenon results in numerically significant errors. After mathematically describing the measurements, the overall multitemporal problem is discussed in the context of time-delay measurement, out-of-sequence measurement, relative state measurement, and Global-Positioning-System problems. While some research has explored the use of Global-Positioning-System signals as a means for Global-Positioning-System satellites to estimate their own orbits, that research has made simplifying assumptions that allow the multitemporal problem to be avoided. A solution using Taylor-series approximations within an extended Kalman filter is developed and shown to provide filter convergence, whereas a filter ignoring the multitemporal problem does not. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Fosbury, AM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM amfosbury@yahoo.com NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD SEP-OCT PY 2010 VL 33 IS 5 BP 1518 EP 1526 DI 10.2514/1.47984 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 653FK UT WOS:000282073600019 ER PT J AU Tandon, GP Goecke, K Cable, K Baur, J AF Tandon, G. P. Goecke, K. Cable, K. Baur, J. TI Environmental Durability of Fabric-Reinforced Shape-Memory Polymer Composites SO JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT MATERIAL SYSTEMS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE shape-memory; polymers; fabric-reinforced; fixity; recovery; conditioning ID POLYURETHANE SERIES; NANOCOMPOSITES; THERMOMECHANICS; RECOVERY; FILM AB This study is a baseline assessment of the environmental durability of current state-of-the-art, fabric-reinforced shape-memory (SM) materials being considered for morphing applications. Tensile dog-bone-shaped specimens are cut along three different directions, namely, along (0 degrees), perpendicular (90 degrees), and oblique (45 degrees) to the planar orientation of the fabric. The elastomeric response and shape memory properties before and after simulated environmental exposure to moisture, lubrication oil, and UV radiation are measured. Weight loss of the as-received and conditioned specimens is monitored and the dog-bone-shaped specimens are subjected to recovery following fixation. Parameters being investigated include modulus in the glassy and rubbery state, stored strain, shape fixity, recovery stress, and unconstrained shape recovery. There is a twofold decrease in the composite stiffness as the material is cycled between room and elevated (above the glass transition) temperature. At room temperature, the 0-degree specimen has the maximum stiffness (5.8 GPa), failure strength (94 MPa), and failure strain (5.4%), while above the T-g, the 90-degree specimen has the least stiffness (similar to 18 MPa) and largest strain to failure (>200%). Thus, the composite exhibits large deformation in its rubbery state. Parameters which are strongly affected by the damage developed during the first SM cycle include rubbery and glassy (or unloading) moduli values measured during the second SM cycle, while smaller changes are observed in shape fixity and recovery properties. C1 [Tandon, G. P.; Goecke, K.; Baur, J.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXBC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Tandon, G. P.; Goecke, K.] Univ Dayton, Multi Scale Composites & Polymers Div, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Cable, K.] Cornerstone Res Grp Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. RP Tandon, GP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXBC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Gyaneshwar.Tandon@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-05-D-5052] FX This study was supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory under the contract FA8650-05-D-5052. The authors thank Mr John Camping (UDRI) for help with fixture design and photographic images. NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 23 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1045-389X J9 J INTEL MAT SYST STR JI J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 21 IS 14 BP 1365 EP 1381 DI 10.1177/1045389X10386265 PG 17 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 690LF UT WOS:000285005600001 ER PT J AU Ghafoori, N Barfield, M AF Ghafoori, Nader Barfield, Mary TI Remediation and Air Void Stability of Hauled Self-Consolidating Concrete SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Admixtures; Air void stability; Hauling; Remediation; Self-consolidating concrete AB In the production of self-consolidating concrete (SCC), long hauling times are often necessary for transportation to the job site. During such hauling time, highly fluid SCC can lose a significant amount of slump flow, necessitating the mixtures to be remediated. Consequently, hauling and remediation can have a detrimental effect on the air void size and spacing, which are necessary characteristics for guaranteeing adequate frost durability in the hardened concrete. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of two forms of remediation, overdosing and retempering, on the air void characteristics of SCC. Three slump flows of 559, 635, and 711 mm and eight hauling times from 20 to 90 min were studied. The required admixture dosage for each remediation technique depended on the target slump flow and hauling time duration. Hauling time and remediation caused the air content to increase and air void characteristics to improve from their initial state, although they typically were inferior to the nonremediated mixtures. Both forms of remediation exhibited similar trends in air void characteristics with hauling time. C1 [Barfield, Mary] USAF, Las Vegas, NV 89121 USA. [Ghafoori, Nader] Univ Nevada, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. RP Barfield, M (reprint author), USAF, 2721 San Lago Ct, Las Vegas, NV 89121 USA. EM nader.ghafoori@unlv.edu; marydoman4@hotmail.com NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0899-1561 J9 J MATER CIVIL ENG JI J. Mater. Civ. Eng. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 22 IS 9 BP 905 EP 913 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000094 PG 9 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Materials Science GA 639DY UT WOS:000280952200010 ER PT J AU Zhu, YTT Mathaudhu, SN Goken, M Langdon, TG Lowe, TC Semiatin, SL Tsuji, N Zhao, YH AF Zhu, Yuntian T. Mathaudhu, Suveen N. Goken, Mathias Langdon, Terence G. Lowe, Terry C. Semiatin, S. Lee Tsuji, Nobuhiro Zhao, Yong Hao TI Preface to the Special Issue on Ultrafine Grained Materials SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Zhu, Yuntian T.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Mathaudhu, Suveen N.] USA, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Sci Div, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. [Goken, Mathias] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst 1, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. [Langdon, Terence G.] Univ So Calif, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Langdon, Terence G.] Univ So Calif, Dept Mat Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Lowe, Terry C.] Manhattan Sci Inc, New York, NY 10174 USA. [Semiatin, S. Lee] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Tsuji, Nobuhiro] Kyoto Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Kyoto 6068501, Japan. [Zhao, Yong Hao] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Zhu, YTT (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Box 7907, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM ytzhu@ncsu.edu; suveen.mathaudhu@us.army.mil; goeken@ww.uni-erlangen.de; langdon@usc.edu; terry@mhtx.com; Lee.Semiatin@wpafb.af.mil; nobuhiro.tsuji@ky5.ecs.kyoto-u.ac.jp; yhzhao@ucdavis.edu RI Tsuji, Nobuhiro/F-7951-2010; Zhao, Yonghao/A-8521-2009; Mathaudhu, Suveen/B-4192-2009; Goken, Mathias/F-7940-2015 OI Tsuji, Nobuhiro/0000-0002-2132-1327; Goken, Mathias/0000-0002-3226-0304 NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 45 IS 17 SI SI BP 4543 EP 4544 DI 10.1007/s10853-010-4709-8 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 622RZ UT WOS:000279684400001 ER PT J AU Zhao, Y Mannhalter, B Hong, HP Welsh, JS AF Zhao, Yun Mannhalter, Bert Hong, Haiping Welsh, Jeffry S. TI Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Nanocomposites Reinforced with Very Low Content of Amino-Functionalized Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes SO JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes; Functionalization; Epoxy Resin; Mechanical Property ID POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITES; THERMAL-PROPERTIES; CRYSTALLIZATION; MORPHOLOGY; COMPOSITES; FILMS; METHACRYLATE); ROPES AB Functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) with amino groups were prepared by oxidation, acylation, and amidation of SWNT surfaces. Epoxy/SWNT composite membranes were fabricated using a very low content of amino-grafted SWNTs (<= 0.08 wt%) as fillers. SWNTs with amino groups acted as a curing agent, covalently bonding to the epoxy matrix. The influence of SWNT content on the mechanical properties of epoxy/amino-functionalized SWNT composite membrane was investigated. It is found that the tensile strength of composites is enhanced with the increase of SWNTs. Only 0.01 wt% of SWNT-R-NH(2) leads to improvement of the epoxy tensile strength by 9.5%, and 0.08 wt% of SWNT-R-NH(2) increased tensile strength by 13.6%. For comparison purposes, epoxy/pristine-SWNT films were also prepared. The improvement of the tensile strength of the amino-functionalized SWNTs system is more remarkable than that of pristine SWNT system at very low weight-percentage loading. The amino groups on the surface of SWNTs can be covalently attached to the epoxy matrix, which effectively improves the dispersion and adhesion of SWNTs in epoxy. This leads to the enhancement in mechanical properties of the epoxy composite. Mechanical results between functionalized and pristine nanotubes are discussed in detail. C1 [Zhao, Yun; Mannhalter, Bert; Hong, Haiping] S Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Dept Mat & Met Engn, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. [Zhao, Yun] Beijing Inst Technol, Sch Chem Engn & Environm, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Welsh, Jeffry S.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Hong, HP (reprint author), S Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Dept Mat & Met Engn, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. FU Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate [FA9453-06-C-0366]; NASA [NCC5-588, NNX07AL04A] FX This work was sponsored by Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate (Contract FA9453-06-C-0366) and NASA (award No. NCC5-588 and NNX07AL04A). Bert Mannhalter would acknowledge support from a NASA South Dakota Space Grant Fellowship. Also, the authors would like to thank Dr. Edward Duke for assistance with the SEM and Dr. Lifeng Zhang for the FT-IR measurement. NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 10 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI VALENCIA PA 26650 THE OLD RD, STE 208, VALENCIA, CA 91381-0751 USA SN 1533-4880 J9 J NANOSCI NANOTECHNO JI J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 10 IS 9 BP 5776 EP 5782 DI 10.1166/jnn.2010.2503 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 624RA UT WOS:000279836400036 PM 21133104 ER PT J AU Abu-Nabah, BA Hassan, WT Ryan, D Blodgett, MP Nagy, PB AF Abu-Nabah, Bassam A. Hassan, Waled T. Ryan, Daniel Blodgett, Mark P. Nagy, Peter B. TI The Effect of Hardness on Eddy Current Residual Stress Profiling in Shot-Peened Nickel Alloys SO JOURNAL OF NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE Eddy current; Conductivity spectroscopy; Surface-treatment; Residual stress ID CURRENT CONDUCTIVITY SPECTROSCOPY; BASE SUPERALLOYS; SURFACE-ROUGHNESS; PRECIPITATION; METALS; TOOL AB Recent research results indicate that eddy current conductivity measurements can be exploited for nondestructive evaluation of subsurface residual stresses in surface-treated nickel-base superalloy components. According to this approach, first the depth-dependent electric conductivity profile is calculated from the measured frequency-dependent apparent eddy current conductivity spectrum. Then, the residual stress depth profile is calculated from the conductivity profile based on the piezoresistivity coefficient of the material, which is determined separately from calibration measurements using known external applied stresses. This paper presents new results that indicate that in some popular nickel-base superalloys the relationship between the electric conductivity profile and the sought residual stress profile is more tenuous than previously thought. It is shown that in delta-processed IN718 the relationship is very sensitive to the state of precipitation hardening and, if left uncorrected, could render the eddy current technique unsuitable for residual stress profiling in components of 36 HRC or harder, i.e., in most critical engine applications. The presented experimental results show that the observed dramatic change in the eddy current response of hardened IN718 to surface treatment is caused by very fine nanometer-scale features of the microstructure, such as gamma' and gamma aEuro(3) precipitates, rather than micrometer-scale features, such as changing grain size or delta phase and carbide precipitates. C1 [Nagy, Peter B.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Aerosp Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Blodgett, Mark P.] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Ryan, Daniel] Honeywell Aerosp, Phoenix, AZ 85034 USA. [Hassan, Waled T.] Rolls Royce Corp, Indianapolis, IN 46241 USA. [Abu-Nabah, Bassam A.] Gen Elect Aviat, Cincinnati, OH 45215 USA. RP Nagy, PB (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Aerosp Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM peter.nagy@uc.edu RI Nagy, Peter/O-5404-2016 OI Nagy, Peter/0000-0001-5715-2409 FU Metals Affordability Initiative (MAI) Consortium under USAF/AFMC Technology [FA8650-06-2-5211, FA8650-07-2-5242] FX This work was supported by the Metals Affordability Initiative (MAI) Consortium under USAF/AFMC Technology Investment Agreement FA8650-06-2-5211 and MAI Agreement FA8650-07-2-5242 with Tom Johnson of Honeywell acting as the Program Manager. The diffraction measurements reported in this study were made by Lambda Research of Cincinnati, Ohio. The TEM images were provided by Professor Vijay Vasudevan of the University of Cincinnati. The authors would like to acknowledge valuable discussions and ongoing collaboration with Susanne Hillmann and Norbert Meyendorf of the Fraunhofer Institute for NDT in Dresden, Germany, and Joachim Bamberg and Hans-Uwe Baron of MTU Aero Engines of Munich, Germany. NR 38 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 13 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0195-9298 J9 J NONDESTRUCT EVAL JI J. Nondestruct. Eval. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 29 IS 3 BP 143 EP 153 DI 10.1007/s10921-010-0072-6 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 637KB UT WOS:000280815100001 ER PT J AU Bisek, NJ Boyd, ID Poggie, J AF Bisek, Nicholas J. Boyd, Iain D. Poggie, Jonathan TI Numerical Study of Magnetoaerodynamic Flow Around a Hemisphere SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETO-AERODYNAMICS; BLUNT-BODY; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; PLASMA; SIMULATIONS; ARGON; MITIGATION; FIELD; PROSPECTS; FLIGHT AB Newly developed computational tools are used to compute hypersonic flow around a hemisphere cylinder that uses a magnet located within the body as a means of heat flux mitigation. These tools include an improved electrical conductivity model and a parallelized three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic module that is loosely coupled to a three-dimensional fluid code. Several electrical conductivity models are explored for a range of magnetic field strengths. Results show the shock standoff distance increases when the magnetic field is applied, hut the distance is highly dependent on the conductivity model selected. The increase in shock standoff distance reduces the gradients in the shock layer, thereby reducing the peak heat flux to the body. However, the total heat flux slightly increases due to additional heating to the aft section of the geometry. C1 [Bisek, Nicholas J.; Boyd, Iain D.] Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Poggie, Jonathan] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RBAC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Bisek, NJ (reprint author), Ohio Aerosp Inst, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. NR 69 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD SEP-OCT PY 2010 VL 47 IS 5 BP 816 EP 827 DI 10.2514/1.49278 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 667PN UT WOS:000283206200012 ER PT J AU Chang, CY Anderson, T Hite, J Lu, L Lo, CF Chu, BH Cheney, DJ Douglas, EA Gila, BP Ren, F Via, GD Whiting, P Holzworth, R Jones, KS Jang, S Pearton, SJ AF Chang, Chih-Yang Anderson, Travis Hite, Jennifer Lu, Liu Lo, Chien-Fong Chu, Byung-Hwan Cheney, D. J. Douglas, E. A. Gila, B. P. Ren, F. Via, G. D. Whiting, Patrick Holzworth, R. Jones, K. S. Jang, Soohwan Pearton, S. J. TI Reverse gate bias-induced degradation of AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article DE aluminium compounds; electroluminescence; gallium compounds; high electron mobility transistors; III-V semiconductors; photoluminescence; stress effects; transmission electron microscopy; wide band gap semiconductors ID HEMTS; RELIABILITY; MECHANISMS; DEFECTS; VOLTAGE AB A threshold reverse bias of similar to 21 V was observed leading to a sharp increase in the gate current of AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors biased at low source-drain voltage (5 V). The gate current increases by one to two orders of magnitude at this bias, corresponding to an electric field strength around 1.8 MV cm(-1). The gate current increased by roughly five orders of magnitude after step-stressing the gate bias from 10 to 42 V in 1 V increments for 1 min at each bias. The drain current was also decreased by similar to 20% after this step-stress cycle. The photoluminescence and electroluminescence intensity from the semiconductor is decreased along the periphery of the gate region after stressing and transmission electron microscopy shows a thin native oxide layer under the gate and this disappears as the gate metal reacts with the underlying AlGaN. (C) 2010 American Vacuum Society. [DOI: 10.1116/1.3491038] C1 [Chang, Chih-Yang; Douglas, E. A.; Gila, B. P.; Whiting, Patrick; Holzworth, R.; Jones, K. S.; Pearton, S. J.] Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Anderson, Travis; Hite, Jennifer] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Lu, Liu; Lo, Chien-Fong; Chu, Byung-Hwan; Ren, F.] Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Cheney, D. J.] Univ Florida, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Via, G. D.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Jang, Soohwan] Dankook Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Yongin 448701, South Korea. RP Chang, CY (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM spear@mse.ufl.edu RI Douglas, Erica/J-3732-2014; Hite, Jennifer/L-5637-2015 OI Douglas, Erica/0000-0003-1873-0223; Hite, Jennifer/0000-0002-4090-0826 FU AFOSR MURI FX This work is supported by an AFOSR MURI monitored by Kitt Reinhardt and Gregg Jessen. NR 24 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD SEP-OCT PY 2010 VL 28 IS 5 BP 1044 EP 1047 DI 10.1116/1.3491038 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 657TH UT WOS:000282434900030 ER PT J AU Grotelueschen, ME AF Grotelueschen, Mark E. TI Uncle Sam Wants You: World War I and the Making of the Modern American Citizen SO JOURNAL OF WORLD HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Grotelueschen, Mark E.] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Grotelueschen, ME (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV HAWAII PRESS PI HONOLULU PA 2840 KOLOWALU ST, HONOLULU, HI 96822 USA SN 1045-6007 J9 J WORLD HIST JI J. World Hist. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 21 IS 3 BP 539 EP 541 PG 3 WC History SC History GA 691ZP UT WOS:000285121600021 ER PT J AU Adamiv, VT Burak, YV Wooten, DJ McClory, J Petrosky, J Ketsman, I Xiao, J Losovyj, YB Dowben, PA AF Adamiv, Volodymyr. T. Burak, Yaroslav. V. Wooten, David. J. McClory, John Petrosky, James Ketsman, Ihor Xiao, Jie Losovyj, Yaroslav B. Dowben, Peter A. TI The Electronic Structure and Secondary Pyroelectric Properties of Lithium Tetraborate SO MATERIALS LA English DT Review DE oxide pyroelectric; band structure of insulators; surface states; secondary pyroelectric effects; lithium tetraborate ID LI2B4O7 SINGLE-CRYSTALS; PIEZOELECTRIC PROPERTIES; SURFACE PHOTOVOLTAGE; OPTICAL-ABSORPTION; TEMPERATURE; GROWTH; PHOTOEMISSION; LUMINESCENCE; SPECTROSCOPY; CU AB We review the pyroelectric properties and electronic structure of Li2B4O7(110) and Li2B4O7(100) surfaces. There is evidence for a pyroelectric current along the [110] direction of stoichiometric Li2B4O7 so that the pyroelectric coefficient is nonzero but roughly 103 smaller than along the [001] direction of spontaneous polarization. Abrupt decreases in the pyroelectric coefficient along the [110] direction can be correlated with anomalies in the elastic stiffness C-33(D) contributing to the concept that the pyroelectric coefficient is not simply a vector but has qualities of a tensor, as expected. The time dependent surface photovoltaic charging suggests that surface charging is dependent on crystal orientation and doping, as well as temperature. C1 [Ketsman, Ihor; Xiao, Jie; Losovyj, Yaroslav B.; Dowben, Peter A.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Phys & Astron, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Ketsman, Ihor; Xiao, Jie; Losovyj, Yaroslav B.; Dowben, Peter A.] Univ Nebraska, Nebraska Ctr Mat & Nanosci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Adamiv, Volodymyr. T.; Burak, Yaroslav. V.] Inst Phys Opt, UA-79005 Lvov, Ukraine. [Wooten, David. J.; McClory, John; Petrosky, James] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Losovyj, Yaroslav B.] Louisiana State Univ, J Bennett Johnston Sr Ctr Adv Microstruct & Devic, Baton Rouge, LA 70806 USA. RP Dowben, PA (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Phys & Astron, Theodore Jorgensen Hall,855 N 16th St, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. EM adamiv@ifo.lviv.ua; burak@ifo.lviv.ua; tdjwooten@gmail.com; John.Mcclory@afit.edu; James.Petrosky@afit.edu; iketsman@unlserve.unl.edu; Jie.Xiao@chemie.uni-erlangen.de; ylosovyj@lsu.edu; pdowben@unl.edu RI Xiao, Jie/E-9640-2012; OI Xiao, Jie/0000-0002-2320-6111; McClory, John/0000-0002-4303-2729 FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency [HDTRA1-07-1-0008, BRBAA08-I-2-0128]; NSF [CHE-0909580]; "QSPINS" MRSEC at UNL [DMR-0820521]; Ministry of Education and Sciences of Ukraine [0109U001063]; STCU [4947] FX This work was supported by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (Grant No. HDTRA1-07-1-0008 and BRBAA08-I-2-0128), the NSF through NSF/CHE-Analytical and Surface Chem. CHE-0909580 and the "QSPINS" MRSEC (DMR-0820521) at UNL, the Ministry of Education and Sciences of Ukraine Project 0109U001063 and STCU Project 4947. The authors would like to thank Shan Yang (..) and L.E. Halliburton for technical support and insights into the EPR spectra and thank Alexei Gruverman for a number of helpful discussions. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Air Force, Department of Defense or the U.S. Government. NR 77 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 19 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1996-1944 J9 MATERIALS JI Materials PD SEP PY 2010 VL 3 IS 9 BP 4550 EP 4579 DI 10.3390/ma3094550 PG 30 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 864LV UT WOS:000298242500003 ER PT J AU Viswanathan, M Kraschnewski, JL Nishikawa, B Morgan, LC Honeycutt, AA Thieda, P Lohr, KN Jonas, DE AF Viswanathan, Meera Kraschnewski, Jennifer L. Nishikawa, Brett Morgan, Laura C. Honeycutt, Amanda A. Thieda, Patricia Lohr, Kathleen N. Jonas, Daniel E. TI Outcomes and Costs of Community Health Worker Interventions A Systematic Review SO MEDICAL CARE LA English DT Review DE Community health workers; systematic review; underserved populations; use of health services; addressing disparities in health and healthcare ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; AFRICAN-AMERICAN WOMEN; CANCER SCREENING INTERVENTION; RISK-FACTOR INTERVENTION; FAILURE-TO-THRIVE; HOME INTERVENTION; BLOOD-PRESSURE; FOLLOW-UP; MAMMOGRAPHY PROMOTION; CASE-MANAGEMENT AB Objectives: We conducted a systematic review on outcomes and costs of community health worker (CHW) interventions. CHWs are increasingly expected to improve health outcomes cost-effectively for the underserved. Research Design: We searched Medline, Cochrane Collaboration resources, and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature for studies conducted in the United States and published in English from 1980 through November 2008. We dually reviewed abstracts, full-text articles, data abstractions, quality ratings, and strength of evidence grades and resolved disagreements by consensus. Results: We included 53 studies on outcomes of CHW interventions and 6 on cost or cost-effectiveness. For outcomes, limited evidence (5 studies) suggests that CHW interventions can improve participant knowledge compared with alternative approaches or no intervention. We found mixed evidence for participant behavior change (22 studies) and health outcomes (27 studies). Some studies suggested that CHW interventions can result in greater improvements in participant behavior and health outcomes compared with various alternatives, but other studies suggested that CHW interventions provide no statistically different benefits than alternatives. We found low or moderate strength of evidence suggesting that CHWs can increase appropriate health care utilization for some interventions (30 studies). Six studies with economic information yielded insufficient data to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of CHW interventions relative to other interventions. Conclusions: CHWs can improve outcomes for underserved populations for some health conditions. The effectiveness of CHWs in many health care areas requires further research that addresses the methodologic limitations of prior studies and that contributes to translating research into practice. C1 [Viswanathan, Meera; Morgan, Laura C.; Honeycutt, Amanda A.; Lohr, Kathleen N.] RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Kraschnewski, Jennifer L.] Penn State Univ, Coll Med, Hershey, PA USA. [Nishikawa, Brett] USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Brooks City Base, TX USA. [Morgan, Laura C.; Thieda, Patricia; Jonas, Daniel E.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Viswanathan, M (reprint author), RTI Int, 3040 Cornwallis Rd,POB 12194, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM viswanathan@rti.org FU Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality FX Supported by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. NR 108 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 4 U2 40 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0025-7079 J9 MED CARE JI Med. Care PD SEP PY 2010 VL 48 IS 9 BP 792 EP 808 DI 10.1097/MLR.0b013e3181e35b51 PG 17 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 641JZ UT WOS:000281122800006 PM 20706166 ER PT J AU Fries, M Fries, J AF Fries, Marc Fries, Jeffrey TI Doppler weather radar as a meteorite recovery tool SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DYNAMICS; FALL; FRAGMENTATION; INFRASOUND; ORBIT AB We report the use of Doppler weather radar as a tool for locating meteorites, both at the time of a fall and from archived radar data. This asset is especially useful for meteorite recovery as it can provide information on the whereabouts of falling meteorites in "dark flight" portion of their descent where information on their flight paths cannot be discerned from more traditional meteorite location techniques such as eyewitness accounts. Weather radar data can provide information from detection in three distinct regimes: (A) direct detection of the rapidly moving, optically bright fireball by distant radars, (B) detection of falling debris to include hand-sample sized rocks, and (C) detection of dust produced by detonation events that can occur tens of minutes and many kilometers laterally removed from the actual fireball locality. We present examples of each, as well as comparisons against man-made debris from a re-entering Soyuz rocket and the Stardust Sample Return Capsule. The use of Doppler weather radar as a supplement to traditional meteorite recovery methods holds the promise of improving both the speed and total number of meteorite recoveries, thereby increasing the number of freshly fallen meteorites for scientific study. C1 [Fries, Marc] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Fries, Jeffrey] USAF, Weather Agcy, Weather Grp 1, Offutt AFB, NE 68113 USA. RP Fries, M (reprint author), Planetary Sci Inst, 1700 E Ft Lowell Rd,Suite 106, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM fries@psi.edu NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 45 IS 9 BP 1476 EP 1487 DI 10.1111/j.1945-5100.2010.01115.x PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 694NA UT WOS:000285303700005 ER PT J AU McCrary, BF AF McCrary, Brian F. TI RE: Cerebral Air Embolism Following Removal of Central Venous Catheter, published in [Mil Med 2009: 174(8): 878-81] SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 USAF, MC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP McCrary, BF (reprint author), USAF, MC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 175 IS 9 BP XVI EP XVII PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 649QH UT WOS:000281787200013 PM 20886694 ER PT J AU Powers, DB Allan, PF Hayes, CJ Michaelson, PG AF Powers, David B. Allan, Patrick F. Hayes, Curtis J. Michaelson, Peter G. TI A Review of the Surgical Treatment Options for the Obstructive Sleep Apnea/Hypopnea Syndrome Patient SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID APNEA SYNDROME; PALATAL IMPLANTS; INJECTION SNOREPLASTY; UPPER AIRWAY; SURGERY; UVULOPALATOPHARYNGOPLASTY; SUSPENSION; VOLUME AB Obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is a medical condition that has received significant attention within the medical community and mainstream media due to its potentially serious physiological consequences and relatively frequent occurrence within the general population. From the military perspective, the impact on individual readiness for deployment, and the potential degradation of performance in critically important military duties, often results in tremendous expenditures of training resources, time, and expertise to replace the military member with a suitable substitute or release of the individual from active duty. This article reviews common surgical techniques for clinical management of OSAHS patients in a presentation format for primary care and sleep medicine specialists, as well as surgeons interested in the philosophies of surgical management of sleep disordered breathing. Presentation of risks and benefits of surgical treatment are discussed in a manner to facilitate communication between patient and health care provider. C1 [Powers, David B.] USAF, Ctr Sustaininent Trauma & Readiness Skills, R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Ctr, Dept Plast Reconstruct & Maxillofacial Trauma S, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Powers, David B.] Johns Hopkins Univ Hosp, Dept Surg, Div Plast & Reconstruct Surg, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. [Allan, Patrick F.] Landstuhl Army Reg Med Ctr, Dept Pulmonol Sleep Med, APO, AE 09180 USA. [Hayes, Curtis J.] 375th Med Grp SGDDS, Scott AFB, IL 62225 USA. [Michaelson, Peter G.] Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Powers, DB (reprint author), USAF, Ctr Sustaininent Trauma & Readiness Skills, R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Ctr, Dept Plast Reconstruct & Maxillofacial Trauma S, 22 S Greene St,Room T5R46, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. NR 44 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 175 IS 9 BP 676 EP 685 PG 10 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 649QH UT WOS:000281787200024 PM 20882931 ER PT J AU Fleigel, JD Tunder, GS Villalobos, JJ AF Fleigel, Jeffrey D. Tunder, George S. Villalobos, Joe J. TI A Maxillary Obturator Prosthesis for an Active Duty Air Force Flyer: A Case Report SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Objectives: To fabricate a maxillary obturator prosthesis for an active duty pilot allowing him to return to active flying status. Methods: A 24-year-old male active duty U.S. Air Force pilot presented with a history of right posterior maxillectomy due to a keratocyst odontogenic tumor. The patient had been wearing an interim obturator prosthesis for 4 months and was removed from active duty flight status. A comprehensive oral evaluation was completed and a definitive obturator prosthesis was fabricated using a cast metal framework. Extraoral 3D stereophotogrammetry and a facial moulage were accomplished. The patient underwent evaluation for return to active flying status. Results: The patient returned to active duty flight status after passing all of the required tests. Conclusion: Obturator prostheses may be a suitable treatment option allowing a patient to conduct all of the required functions of an active flyer. C1 [Fleigel, Jeffrey D.] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Tunder, George S.] 2nd Dent Squadron, Barksdale AFB, LA 71110 USA. [Villalobos, Joe J.] MacKown Dent Clin, Dent Training Squadron 59, Lackland AFB, TX 78229 USA. RP Fleigel, JD (reprint author), USAF Acad, 2355-B Fac Dr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 175 IS 9 BP 697 EP 700 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 649QH UT WOS:000281787200029 PM 20882936 ER PT J AU Leyson, GPM Curtin, WA Hector, LG Woodward, CF AF Leyson, Gerard Paul M. Curtin, William A. Hector, Louis G., Jr. Woodward, Christopher F. TI Quantitative prediction of solute strengthening in aluminium alloys SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID SOLID-SOLUTION; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; ELECTRON-GAS; METALS; ENERGY AB Despite significant advances in computational materials science, a quantitative, parameter-free prediction of the mechanical properties of alloys has been difficult to achieve from first principles. Here, we present a new analytic theory that, with input from first-principles calculations, is able to predict the strengthening of aluminium by substitutional solute atoms. Solute-dislocation interaction energies in and around the dislocation core are first calculated using density functional theory and a flexible-boundary-condition method. An analytic model for the strength, or stress to move a dislocation, owing to the random field of solutes, is then presented. The theory, which has no adjustable parameters and is extendable to other metallic alloys, predicts both the energy barriers to dislocation motion and the zero-temperature flow stress, allowing for predictions of finite-temperature flow stresses. Quantitative comparisons with experimental flow stresses at temperature T = 78 K are made for Al-X alloys (X = Mg, Si, Cu, Cr) and good agreement is obtained. C1 [Leyson, Gerard Paul M.; Curtin, William A.] Brown Univ, Div Engn, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Hector, Louis G., Jr.] Gen Motors Tech Ctr, Warren, MI 48090 USA. [Woodward, Christopher F.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,RXLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Curtin, WA (reprint author), Brown Univ, Div Engn, Providence, RI 02912 USA. EM curtin@engin.brown.edu FU GM/Brown Collaborative Research Lab; NSF Materials Research Science and Engineering Center at Brown [DMR-0520651] FX Support for this work was provided through the GM/Brown Collaborative Research Lab on Computational Materials Research, with further support through the NSF Materials Research Science and Engineering Center at Brown on Micro- and Nano-Mechanics of Materials (grant DMR-0520651). NR 22 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 14 U2 112 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 9 IS 9 BP 750 EP 755 DI 10.1038/NMAT2813 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 642BP UT WOS:000281178400027 PM 20676087 ER PT J AU Parthasarathy, TA Hay, RS Fair, G Hopkins, FK AF Parthasarathy, Triplicane A. Hay, Randall S. Fair, Geoff Hopkins, Frank Kenneth TI Predicted performance limits of yttrium aluminum garnet fiber lasers SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE fiber laser; key factors; output power limits; model ID HIGH AVERAGE POWER; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; CERAMIC LASER; ND-YAG; NANOCRYSTALLINE CERAMICS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; STIMULATED RAMAN; SCATTERING; AMPLIFIERS; MODE AB The effect of various parameters that limit the performance of fiber lasers are calculated for yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) as the fiber core. The optimum core diameter, the optimum fiber length, and the corresponding output power capability are determined for a variety of optical and structural parameters of YAG, based on available data in the literature to date. It is shown that a conservative limit for YAG fiber laser is 6 kW per fiber in multimode operation, compared to 1.8 kW for a silica-based fiber laser. Furthermore, it is shown that if stimulated brillouin scattering gain, a key limiting parameter, is <10(-12) m/W in YAG, as a recent publication suggests, the maximum output power is 30 kW per fiber without a significant increase in fiber core diameter. Similar gains are predicted for single-mode operation, although with much lower output power limits. A parametric study shows the relative merits of improving on various optical parameters. (C) 2010 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. [DOI: 10.1117/1.3485758] C1 [Parthasarathy, Triplicane A.; Hay, Randall S.; Fair, Geoff; Hopkins, Frank Kenneth] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RXLN, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Parthasarathy, TA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RXLN, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM triplicane.parthasarathy@wpafb.af.mil RI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/B-7146-2011 OI Parthasarathy, Triplicane/0000-0002-5449-9754 NR 29 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTOPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 49 IS 9 AR 094302 DI 10.1117/1.3485758 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 656VY UT WOS:000282370400020 ER PT J AU Szmulowicz, F Haugan, HJ Elhamri, S Brown, GJ Mitchel, WC AF Szmulowicz, F. Haugan, H. J. Elhamri, S. Brown, G. J. Mitchel, W. C. TI Transport studies of MBE-grown InAs/GaSb superlattices SO OPTO-ELECTRONICS REVIEW LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on IR and THz Electronics - From Materials to Devices CY SEP 14-18, 2009 CL E-MRS, Warsaw, POLAND HO E-MRS DE InAs/GaSb; superlattice; mobility; transport; interface roughness scattering ID INTERFACE ROUGHNESS SCATTERING; QUANTUM-WELLS; ELECTRON; PHOTODIODES; MOBILITIES; DETECTORS AB We report on the results of transport studies of MBE-grown InAs/GaSb superlattices. We demonstrate that the in-plane mobility is limited by interface roughness scattering by showing that, as a function of InAs layer width L, the in-plane mobility behaves as mu proportional to L-5.3, which closely follows the classic sixth power dependence expected from theory for interface-roughness-limited mobility. Fits to the mobility data indicate that, for one monolayer surface roughness, the roughness correlation length is about 35 angstrom. Next, we show that the in-plane carrier mobility in InAs/GaSb superlattices is inversely proportional to carrier density in n- and p-type samples, the result of screened interface roughness scattering. C1 [Szmulowicz, F.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Haugan, H. J.] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Elhamri, S.] Univ Dayton, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Brown, G. J.; Mitchel, W. C.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Szmulowicz, F (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM Frank.Szmulowicz@wpafb.af.mil NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU VERSITA PI WARSAW PA SOLIPSKA 14A-1, 02-482 WARSAW, POLAND SN 1230-3402 EI 1896-3757 J9 OPTO-ELECTRON REV JI Opto-Electron. Rev. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 18 IS 3 BP 267 EP 270 DI 10.2478/s11772-010-1027-6 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 654HL UT WOS:000282159000010 ER PT J AU Salinas, NL Barrera, JE AF Salinas, Nathan L. Barrera, Jose E. TI Coblation lesion formation in a porcine tongue model SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article ID VOLUMETRIC TISSUE REDUCTION; RADIOFREQUENCY ABLATION; SURGERY; BASE AB OBJECTIVE: To investigate, in a porcine tongue model, the lesions created by coblation to define the optimal application of this method in treating the enlarged tongue base in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective, experimental animal study. SETTING: Military medical center. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Fifteen fresh porcine tongue specimens were injected with normal saline, and a single coblation probe was applied to the tongue specimens to create multiple submucosal lesions at specific energy settings. Control lesions were created without the use of saline injections. After creating the lesions, the porcine tongue specimens were sectioned and examined grossly. Size and character of lesions were recorded for each of the specimens and were compared across energy settings. RESULTS: The energy applied at each setting was calculated on the basis of watts multiplied by treatment time. Coblation with saline injection created visible lesions with an average lesion area of 1.20 to 2.87 cm(2). The average lesion area increased as setting increased. Without saline injection, the average lesion area was 0.15 to 0.8 cm(2). CONCLUSION: The porcine tongue model describes the relationship between lesion size and cold ablation device settings. Setting, but not time, significantly affects lesion size. The coblation setting and treatment time directly impact the amount of energy delivered. Additionally, submucosal normal saline injection significantly increases lesion size at all settings and application times. Given the average lesion diameter described in this study, placing lesions 1 cm apart will optimize the area affected by coblation while minimizing lesion overlap. (C) 2010 American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. All rights reserved. C1 [Salinas, Nathan L.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Barrera, Jose E.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, Div Sleep Surg Facial Plast & Reconstruct Surg, Lackland AFB, TX USA. RP Salinas, NL (reprint author), 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM nathan.salinas@us.army.mil FU 59th Medical Wing Clinical Research Division at Lack land Air Force Base FX This study was funded by the 59th Medical Wing Clinical Research Division at Lack land Air Force Base, which provided funding to purchase coblation devices from ArthroCare ENT, Sunnyvale, CA. Devices were used for data collection. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 143 IS 3 BP 448 EP 453 DI 10.1016/j.otohns.2010.04.016 PG 6 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 643OX UT WOS:000281308400024 PM 20723786 ER PT J AU Wilks, T Gerber, RJ Erdie-Lalena, C AF Wilks, Timothy Gerber, R. Jason Erdie-Lalena, Christine TI Developmental Milestones: Cognitive Development SO PEDIATRICS IN REVIEW LA English DT Review ID EARLY LANGUAGE; DISORDERS; CHILDREN C1 [Wilks, Timothy] Med Corps, USN, LCDR, Joint Base Lewis McChord, WA USA. [Wilks, Timothy; Gerber, R. Jason; Erdie-Lalena, Christine] Madigan Army Med Ctr, Joint Base Lewis McChord, WA USA. [Gerber, R. Jason] Med Corps, USAF, Joint Base Lewis McChord, WA USA. [Erdie-Lalena, Christine] Med Corps, USAF, Lt Col, Joint Base Lewis McChord, WA USA. RP Wilks, T (reprint author), Med Corps, USN, LCDR, Joint Base Lewis McChord, WA USA. NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0191-9601 J9 PEDIATR REV JI Pediatr. Rev. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 31 IS 9 BP 364 EP 367 PG 4 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 646JS UT WOS:000281536700002 PM 20810700 ER PT J AU Seyfer, AE Fox, JP Hamilton, CG AF Seyfer, Alan E. Fox, Justin P. Hamilton, Conrad G. TI Poland Syndrome: Evaluation and Treatment of the Chest Wall in 63 Patients SO PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY LA English DT Article ID RECONSTRUCTION AB Background: Poland syndrome is a sporadic, congenital unilateral absence of the sternocostal head of the pectoralis major muscle that can occur with other ipsilateral chest wall and limb derangements. The chest wall deficiency is primarily cosmetic, its incidence is unknown, male patients may be affected more than female patients, the right side is affected more than the left, and associated comorbidities may exist. Chest wall repair depends on anatomical type and gender. Methods: Sixty-three patients with Poland syndrome were divided into two treatment groups by chest wall anatomy and gender. Surgical repair was based on this division. Seventy-six operations were performed by the senior author (A. E. S.) during a 30-year period, and long-term outcomes are presented. Corrective methods included use of custom-made chest wall prostheses, mammary prostheses, latissimus dorsi muscle transfers, transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flaps, sternal/rib reconstruction, or a combination of methods. Follow-up ranged from 1 to 21 years. Results: Two anatomical forms of the disorder are described, each with unique surgical requirements. The simple deformity was effectively repaired with a latissimus dorsi muscle transfer plus, in female patients, a sublatissimus mammary prosthesis. Repair of the complex deformity, in addition to the latissimus transfer, selectively included musculoskeletal chest wall realignment. Custom-made chest wall prostheses carried a higher risk of complications. Conclusions: Poland syndrome of the chest wall exists in two forms: the more common simple variety and a complex form (as originally described by Poland). Repair of the chest wall can be effectively tailored to these anatomical types, gender, and patient preference. (Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 126: 902, 2010.) C1 [Seyfer, Alan E.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Anat Physiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, F Edward Hebert Sch Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Plast Surg Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Wright State Univ, Dept Surg, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. Wright Patterson US AF Med Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Dept Surg Gen Surg, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Seyfer, AE (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Anat Physiol & Genet, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM aseyfer@usuhs.mil NR 28 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0032-1052 J9 PLAST RECONSTR SURG JI Plast. Reconstr. Surg. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 126 IS 3 BP 902 EP 911 DI 10.1097/PRS.0b013e3181e60435 PG 10 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 647GP UT WOS:000281606700022 PM 20811224 ER PT J AU Blakeman, TC Toth, P Rodriquez, D Branson, RD AF Blakeman, Thomas C. Toth, Peter Rodriquez, Dario Branson, Richard D. TI Mechanical ventilators in the hot zone: Effects of a CBRN filter on patient protection and battery life SO RESUSCITATION LA English DT Article DE Portable ventilator; CBRN filter; Battery life; Hazardous environment; Triggering AB Objective: In a contaminated environment, respiratory protection for ventilator dependent patients can be achieved by attaching a chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear (CBRN) filter to the air intake port of a portable ventilator. We evaluated the effect of the filter on battery performance of four portable ventilators in a laboratory setting. Methods: Each ventilator was attached to a test lung. Ventilator settings were: assist control (AC) mode, respiratory rate 35 bpm, tidal volume 450 ml, positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) 10 cm H(2)O, inspiratory time 0.8 s, and FIO(2) 0.21. Ventilators were operated until the battery was fully discharged. We also evaluated the ventilators' ability to deliver all the gas through the CBRN filter and analyzed the pressures required to breathe through the anti-asphyxiation valve of a failed device. Results: The range of battery life varied widely across different ventilator models (99.8-562.6 min). There was no significant difference in battery life (p < 0.01) when operating with or without the CBRN filter attached. Only the Impact 731 routed all inspired gases through the CBRN filter. The pressure required to breathe though the failed device was -4 cm H(2)O to -9 cm H(2)O. Conclusions: Duration of operation from the internal battery was not altered by attachment of the CBRN filter. The use of a CBRN filter is necessary for protection of ventilator dependent patients when environmental contamination is present, although conditions exist where all gas does not pass through the filter with some ventilators under normal operating conditions. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Blakeman, Thomas C.; Branson, Richard D.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Surg, Div Trauma Crit Care, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. [Rodriquez, Dario] USAF, Ctr Sustainment Trauma & Readiness Skills CSTARS, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Blakeman, TC (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Surg, Div Trauma Crit Care, 231 Albert Sabin Way,ML 0558, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. EM thomas.blakeman@uc.edu FU GE Healthcare FX GE Healthcare has provided monetary research support to our institution, the University of Cincinnati. Mr. Branson has received honoraria from Newport and CareFusion. Mr. Blakeman, Mr. Toth, and Mr. Rodriquez have no conflicts of interest to disclose. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0300-9572 J9 RESUSCITATION JI Resuscitation PD SEP PY 2010 VL 81 IS 9 BP 1148 EP 1151 DI 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2010.05.006 PG 4 WC Critical Care Medicine; Emergency Medicine SC General & Internal Medicine; Emergency Medicine GA 653TU UT WOS:000282120600017 PM 20732606 ER PT J AU Cui, YL Roy, UN Bhattacharya, P Parker, A Burger, A Goldstein, JT AF Cui, Yunlong Roy, Utpal N. Bhattacharya, Pijush Parker, Adrian Burger, Arnold Goldstein, Jonathan T. TI Raman spectroscopy study of AgGaSe2, AgGa0.9In0.1Se2, and AgGa0.8In0.2Se2 crystals SO SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Chalcopyrites; Semiconductor; Raman spectroscopy ID THIN-FILMS; AGGA1-XIN(X)SE-2; SCATTERING; CUINSE2 AB AgGaSe2, AgGa0.9In0.1Se2, and AgGa0.8In0.2Se2 single crystals grown by the horizontal Bridgman technique were studied utilizing Raman spectroscopy excited with 633- and 784-nm lasers at temperatures varied from 77 to 300 K. The resonant Raman scattering associated with a transition from the Gamma(6)(B) of the valence band to the conduction band Gamma(6) of AgGa(0.9)In(0.1)Se(2)crystal is demonstrated. Resonant enhancements of the longitudinal optical (LO) polar modes of Gamma(5) (or E) including Gamma(5L)(W-4), Gamma(5L)(W-3), Gamma(5L)(X-5), and Gamma(5L), (Gamma(15)), and their overtones and combinations in the crystal at 77 K were observed. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Cui, Yunlong; Roy, Utpal N.; Bhattacharya, Pijush; Parker, Adrian; Burger, Arnold] Fisk Univ, Dept Phys, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. [Goldstein, Jonathan T.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Cui, YL (reprint author), Fisk Univ, Dept Phys, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. EM ycui@fisk.edu FU Army Grant [W911NF-08-1-0523]; Minority lead program [FISK 09-S567-0010-02-C2]; NSF, Center of Research Excellence in Science and Technology (CREST) [CA-0420516] FX This work was partial supported by an Army Grant No. W911NF-08-1-0523 and a Minority lead program No. FISK 09-S567-0010-02-C2. The authors at Fisk University gratefully acknowledge financial support from the NSF-supported Center of Research Excellence in Science and Technology (CREST, Cooperative Agreement CA-0420516). The authors would also like to thank Dr. Silberman for his valuable suggestions. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1098 J9 SOLID STATE COMMUN JI Solid State Commun. PD SEP PY 2010 VL 150 IS 35-36 BP 1686 EP 1689 DI 10.1016/j.ssc.2010.06.022 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 642LZ UT WOS:000281216800022 ER PT J AU Balasubramanyam, A Sailaja, N Mahboob, M Rahman, MF Hussain, SM Grover, P AF Balasubramanyam, A. Sailaja, N. Mahboob, M. Rahman, M. F. Hussain, Saber M. Grover, Paramjit TI In vitro mutagenicity assessment of aluminium oxide nanomaterials using the Salmonella/microsome assay SO TOXICOLOGY IN VITRO LA English DT Article DE Nanomaterials; Aluminium oxide; Ames test; Salmonella; Mutagenicity ID ULTRAFINE TIO2 PARTICLES; WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; AMES TEST; NANOPARTICLES; GENOTOXICITY; CELLS; NANOTOXICOLOGY; NANOFIBRES; DISPERSION; TOXICITY AB The aim of the current study was to evaluate the potential mutagenicity of aluminium oxide nanomaterials (NMs) (Al(2)O(3)-30 nm and Al(2)O(3)-40 nm). Characterization of the NMs was done before the initiation of the study. The mutagenicity of the NMs was studied by the Ames test with Salmonella typhimurium TA100, TA1535, TA98, TA97a and TA102 strains, in the presence and absence of the S9 mixture. Based on a preliminary cytotoxicity study conducted on the strains, different concentrations of Al(2)O(3)-30 nm, Al(2)O(3)-40 nm and Al(2)O(3)-bulk were selected. At all the concentrations tested. Al(2)O(3)-30 nm and Al(2)O(3)-40 nm did not significantly increase the number of revertant colonies compared to the Al(2)O(3)-bulk and control with or without S9 mixture. Our findings suggest that Al(2)O(3) NMs were devoid of any size and concentration dependent mutagenicity compared to the Al(2)O(3)-bulk and control. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Balasubramanyam, A.; Sailaja, N.; Mahboob, M.; Rahman, M. F.; Grover, Paramjit] Indian Inst Chem Technol, Div Biol, Toxicol Unit, Hyderabad 500607, Andhra Pradesh, India. [Hussain, Saber M.] USAF, Res Lab, HEPB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45431 USA. RP Grover, P (reprint author), Indian Inst Chem Technol, Div Biol, Toxicol Unit, Hyderabad 500607, Andhra Pradesh, India. EM param_g@yahoo.com RI Naidu, Balasubramanyam/B-7916-2009 OI Naidu, Balasubramanyam/0000-0002-1479-138X FU Asian Office of Aerospace Research and Development, Japan [FA5209-05-P-0540-AOARD-05-21]; Indian Council of Medical Research; Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi FX Support from Asian Office of Aerospace Research and Development, Japan, Grant No. FA5209-05-P-0540-AOARD-05-21 is greatly acknowledged. We express our sincere gratitude to Dr. Karl Martin of NovaCentrix, Austin, TX, USA for gifting us Al2O3-30 nm and Al2O3-40 nm for the present work.; DLS and LDV studies were supported by Dr. Arabinda Chaudhuri. Indian Council of Medical Research and Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi funded Senior Research Fellowship to A.B. and Senior Research Fellowship to N.S., respectively. We thank Dr. J.S. Yadav, Director, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, for his enduring encouragement during the study. NR 38 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0887-2333 J9 TOXICOL IN VITRO JI Toxicol. Vitro PD SEP PY 2010 VL 24 IS 6 BP 1871 EP 1876 DI 10.1016/j.tiv.2010.07.004 PG 6 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 653RM UT WOS:000282114400052 PM 20624453 ER PT J AU Srinivasan, R Gothard, N Spowart, J AF Srinivasan, Raghavan Gothard, Nicholas Spowart, Jonathan TI Improvement in thermoelectric properties of an n-type bismuth telluride (Bi2Se0.3Te2.7) due to texture development and grain refinement during hot deformation SO MATERIALS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Bismuth telluride; Texture; Thermoelectric figure of merit; Hot deformation; Extrusion; Rolling ID THERMAL-PROPERTIES; NANOWIRES; FILMS AB Hot deformation of an n-type bismuth telluride (nBT of composition Bi2Se0.3Te2.7) results in a texture characteristic of the deformation mode. Extruded nBT has a fiber texture with 1120 directions aligned with the extrusion direction. Rolling of previously textured (extruded) and untextured (sintered powder compact) material results in a rolling texture with the basal plane parallel to the rolling plane, and the 1120 directions randomly oriented on the rolling plane. Results indicate an improvement in thermoelectric figure of merit at 300 K from 0.79 in the as-received extruded material to 0.93 in the rolled material. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Srinivasan, Raghavan] Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Gothard, Nicholas] AFRL, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Spowart, Jonathan] AFRL, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Srinivasan, R (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, 3640 Col Glenn Highway, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM raghavan.srinivasan@wright.edu FU ASEE at the Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate FX The authors would like to acknowledge Prof. Terry Tritt, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University for the use of the Complex and Advanced Materials Laboratory, where the thermoelectric measurements were made. Additional acknowledgements are given to the ASEE Summer Faculty Fellowship Program at the Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, and UES, Incorporated, for providing additional experimental facilities for Prof. Srinivasan. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-577X J9 MATER LETT JI Mater. Lett. PD AUG 31 PY 2010 VL 64 IS 16 BP 1772 EP 1775 DI 10.1016/j.matlet.2010.05.018 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 632AA UT WOS:000280390900005 ER PT J AU Fillery, SP Lange, FF AF Fillery, Scott P. Lange, Frederick F. TI Aqueous lateral epitaxy overgrowth of ZnO on (0001) GaN at 90 degrees C: Part I. Increasing the critical thickness SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE Lateral epitaxial overgrowth; Critical thickness; Zinc oxide; Cracking; Scanning electron microscopy; Solution deposition ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; THIN-FILMS; GROWTH; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; 90-DEGREES-C; QUALITY; LAYERS AB Thick, epitaxial ZnO thin films have been grown on (0001) GaN buffered Al2O3 substrates using an aqueous solution at 90 degrees C Films with improved structural, optical and electrical characteristics, were grown using a lateral epitaxial overgrowth (LEO) method Different photoresist masks were used to enable LEO. The masks included linear windows and two different hexagonal arrays of circular windows. Films that exceeded a critical thickness mechanically failed through buckling, consistent with the large compressive stresses expected due to the mismatch of the ZnO lattice with the underlying GaN substrate It was shown that improved mechanical stability could be achieved using the LEO method. Without LEO, a film thickness no greater than 4 pm could be grown without buckling The critical thickness could be increased to 10 pm using linear windows, whereas a critical thickness of 50 pm was achieved with one array of circular windows, and 80 pm for a second array The two different arrays of circular windows differed relative to their orientation on the substrate. It was also shown that the critical thickness increased with increasing distance between the growth windows. Optical transmission, micro-photoluminescence and Hall Effect measurements showed that the LEO method also results in improved optoelectronic properties. (c) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Fillery, Scott P.; Lange, Frederick F.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Fillery, SP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. FU National Science Foundation [0954191, DMR05-20415] FX This work was partially supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant number 0954191. Also, this work made use of MRL Central Facilities supported by the MRSEC Program of the National Science Foundation under award No. DMR05-20415. NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD AUG 31 PY 2010 VL 518 IS 21 BP 6022 EP 6029 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2010.03.066 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 639QK UT WOS:000280989100026 ER PT J AU Fillery, SP Clarke, DR Lange, FF AF Fillery, Scott P. Clarke, David R. Lange, Frederick F. TI Aqueous lateral epitaxy overgrowth of ZnO on (0001) GaN at 90 degrees C Part II: Stress determination SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE Lateral epitaxial overgrowth; Critical thickness; Zinc oxide; Cracks; Raman spectroscopy; Stress measurement AB In Part I. it was shown that the critical thickness required for mechanical failure of lateral epitaxial overgrown films of ZnO on GaN buffered Al(2)O(3) substrates could be significantly increased by masking and patterning the substrate to produce periodic, hexagonal arrays of circular windows It was also observed that the critical thickness could be Increased by increasing the distance between the circular windows In Part II, it is shown, using Raman piezo-spectroscopy. that a stress gradient exists within the hexagonal prisms of ZnO that grow from the circular windows The compressive stress, due to lattice mismatch, was highest in the center of the prisms and lowest near the perimeter where they overgrow the masked region to form 'wings' For one orientation of the hexagonal array of circular windows, relative to the substrate, where the hexagonal prism coalesce face to face, the stress gradient persisted after the hexagonal prisms coalesced to form a continuous film because residual voids surround the base of the coalesced, hexagonal prisms. For a second orientation where the hexagonal prisms coalesce corner to corner, the stress gradient was greatly diminished due to a larger amount of coalescence at the base of the prisms. Most important, it was shown that the compressive stress for both arrays decreased with increased spacing between the circular windows Namely, for window orientation producing face to face coalescence of the prisms, the maximum compressive stress decreases from similar to 520 MPa for windows separated by twice their diameter to similar to 350 MPa for windows separated by four times their diameter. These results are consistent with the critical thickness observations reported in Part I. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved C1 [Fillery, Scott P.; Clarke, David R.; Lange, Frederick F.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Fillery, SP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RI Clarke, David/D-2616-2009; Albe, Karsten/F-1139-2011 FU National Science Foundation [0954191, DMR05-20415] FX This work was partially supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant number 0954191. Also, this work made use of MRL Central Facilities supported by the MRSEC Program of the National Science Foundation under award No. DMR05-20415. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD AUG 31 PY 2010 VL 518 IS 21 BP 6030 EP 6035 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2010.03.073 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 639QK UT WOS:000280989100027 ER PT J AU Roslyak, O Gumbs, G Huang, DH AF Roslyak, O. Gumbs, Godfrey Huang, Danhong TI Tunable band structure effects on ballistic transport in graphene nanoribbons SO PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article DE Graphene; Nanoribbons; Ballistic transport AB Graphene nanoribbons (GNR) in mutually perpendicular electric and magnetic fields are shown to exhibit dramatic changes in their band structure and electron transport properties. A strong electric field across the ribbon induces multiple chiral Dirac points, closing the semiconducting gap in armchair GNRs. A perpendicular magnetic field induces partially formed Landau levels as well as dispersive surface-bound states. Each of the applied fields on its own preserves the even symmetry E-k = E-k of the subband dispersion. When applied together, they reverse the dispersion parity to be odd and gives E-e,E-k = -E-h,E--k and mix the electron and hole subbands within the energy range corresponding to the change in potential across the ribbon. This leads to oscillations of the ballistic conductance within this energy range. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Roslyak, O.; Gumbs, Godfrey] CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, New York, NY 10065 USA. [Huang, Danhong] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RVSS, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Gumbs, Godfrey] Donostia Int Phys Ctr, San Sebastian 20018, Basque Country, Spain. RP Roslyak, O (reprint author), CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, 695 Pk Ave, New York, NY 10065 USA. EM avroslyak@gmail.com RI DONOSTIA INTERNATIONAL PHYSICS CTR., DIPC/C-3171-2014 FU AFRL [FA 9453-07-C-0207]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) FX This work was supported by contract # FA 9453-07-C-0207 of AFRL and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR). NR 18 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9601 J9 PHYS LETT A JI Phys. Lett. A PD AUG 30 PY 2010 VL 374 IS 39 BP 4061 EP 4064 DI 10.1016/j.physleta.2010.08.003 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 651OV UT WOS:000281937900014 ER PT J AU Chai, N Lucht, RP Kulatilaka, WD Roy, S Gord, JR AF Chai, Ning Lucht, Robert P. Kulatilaka, Waruna D. Roy, Sukesh Gord, James R. TI Electronic-resonance-enhanced coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering of nitric oxide: Saturation and Stark effects SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; HIGH-PRESSURE FLAMES; CO2 CONCENTRATION MEASUREMENTS; TEMPERATURE-MEASUREMENTS; LINE-SHAPES; CARS; SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTRA; NO; TRANSITIONS AB A theoretical analysis of electronic-resonance-enhanced (ERE) coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) of NO is described. The time-dependent density-matrix equations for the nonlinear ERE-CARS process are derived and manipulated into a form suitable for direct numerical integration. In the ERE-CARS configuration considered in this paper, the pump and Stokes beams are far from electronic-resonance. The visible 532 and 591 nm laser beams are used to excite Q-branch Raman resonances in the vibrational bands of the X (2)Pi electronic state of NO. An ultraviolet probe beam at 236 nm is used to excite P-, Q-, or R-branch transitions in the (v' = 0, v '' = 1) band of the A (2)Sigma(+)-X (2)Pi electronic system of NO molecule. Experimental spectra are obtained either by scanning the ultraviolet probe beam while keeping the Stokes frequency fixed (probe scans) or by scanning the Stokes frequency while keeping the probe frequency fixed (Stokes scans). The calculated NO ERE-CARS spectra are compared with experimental spectra, and good agreement is observed between theory and experiment in terms of spectral peak locations and relative intensities. The effects of saturation of the two-photon Raman-resonant Q-branch transitions, the saturation of a one-photon electronic-resonant P-, Q-, or R-branch transitions in the A (2)Sigma(+)-X (2)Pi electronic system, and the coupling of these saturation processes are investigated. The coupling of the saturation processes for the probe and Raman transitions is complex and exhibits behavior similar to that observed in the electromagnetic induced transparency process. The probe scan spectra are significantly affected by Stark broadening due to the interaction of the pump and Stokes radiation with single-photon resonances between the upper vibration-rotation probe level in the A (2)Sigma(+) electronic levels and vibration-rotation levels in higher lying electronic levels. The ERE-CARS signal intensity is found to be much less sensitive to variations in the collisional dephasing rates under saturation conditions. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3474702] C1 [Chai, Ning; Lucht, Robert P.] Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Kulatilaka, Waruna D.; Roy, Sukesh] Spectral Energies LLC, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Gord, James R.] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Chai, N (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM lucht@ecn.purdue.edu RI Chai, Ning/I-1029-2012 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences [DE.FG02-03ER15391]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-07-C-0036]; Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-09-C-2001] FX Funding for this research was provided by the U.S. Department of Energy, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, under Grant No. DE.FG02-03ER15391, by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Contract No. FA9550-07-C-0036 (Dr. Julian Tishkoff, Program Manager), and by the Air Force Research Laboratory under Contract No. FA8650-09-C-2001. NR 60 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 28 PY 2010 VL 133 IS 8 AR 084310 DI 10.1063/1.3474702 PG 20 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 649CE UT WOS:000281743800023 PM 20815572 ER PT J AU Chang, LC Palo, SE Liu, HL Fang, TW Lin, CS AF Chang, Loren C. Palo, Scott E. Liu, Han-Li Fang, Tzu-Wei Lin, Chin S. TI Response of the thermosphere and ionosphere to an ultra fast Kelvin wave SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; LATENT-HEAT RELEASE; PLANETARY-WAVES; EQUATORIAL MESOSPHERE; UPPER-ATMOSPHERE; TIDAL VARIABILITY; GRAVITY-WAVE; ELECTRODYNAMICS; TIDES; REGION AB Ultra Fast Kelvin (UFK) waves are eastward propagating planetary waves with periods between 3 and 5 days, which are capable of penetrating into the thermosphere and ionosphere where they may modulate phenomena occurring in this region. A sensitivity study has been conducted to examine the effect of an Ultra Fast Kelvin wave on the thermosphere and ionosphere using the NCAR Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIME-GCM) under June solstice solar minimum conditions. It is found that realistic ultra fast Kelvin waves with amplitudes in the MLT region of approximately 20-40 m s(-1) in zonal wind fields and 10-20 K in temperature fields, can result in approximately 8-12% perturbations in hourly neutral density at 350 km, as well as hourly total electron content (TEC) perturbations of 25-50% in regions corresponding to the equatorial ionization anomalies (EIAs), with the largest relative changes resolved during the nighttime due to the lower electron densities. The electrodynamical calculations in the model were then disabled to identify the relative importance of ionospheric electrodynamics and direct wave propagation in generating the aforementioned changes. The subsequent results show that changes in thermospheric neutral density are relatively insensitive to the presence of the dynamo electric field, while UFK wave modulation of the dynamo accounts for most of the TEC perturbations due to changes of ionospheric vertical plasma drift. C1 [Chang, Loren C.; Palo, Scott E.] Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Fang, Tzu-Wei] Univ Colorado, Ctr Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lin, Chin S.] USAF, Res Lab, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. [Liu, Han-Li] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Chang, LC (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, 431 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM loren.chang@colorado.edu RI Liu, Han-Li/A-9549-2008; Fang, Tzu-Wei/I-4882-2013; Chang, Loren/G-3722-2015; OI Liu, Han-Li/0000-0002-6370-0704; PALO, SCOTT/0000-0002-4729-4929 FU NSF [ATM-0836518]; 2009 AFRL Space Scholars Program; Office of Naval Research [N00014-07-C-0209]; NASA LWS [NNX08AQ91G] FX This work was supported by NSF award ATM-0836518, and the 2009 AFRL Space Scholars Program. Han-Li Liu would like to acknowledge support by the Office of Naval Research (N00014-07-C-0209) and NASA LWS NNX08AQ91G. The authors wish to acknowledge Art Richmond and Wenbin Wang of NCAR, as well as Frank Marcos and Sam Cable of AFRL for their assistance and advice in this study. NR 42 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD AUG 28 PY 2010 VL 115 AR A00G04 DI 10.1029/2010JA015453 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 644YI UT WOS:000281417700011 ER PT J AU Wu, SM Wang, W Reinhardt, K Lu, YL Chen, SC AF Wu, Shaomin Wang, Wei Reinhardt, Kitt Lu, Yalin Chen, Shaochen TI Absorption enhancement in thin-film silicon solar cells by two-dimensional periodic nanopatterns SO JOURNAL OF NANOPHOTONICS LA English DT Article DE surface plasmons; nonresonant scattering; finite element; absorption enhancement; solar cells AB A major problem of current silicon thin film solar cells lies in low carrier collection efficiency due to short carrier diffusion length. Instead of improving the collection efficiency in a relatively thick solar cell, increasing light absorption while still keeping the active layer thin is an alternative solution. Absorption enhancement in a thin film Si solar cell by incorporating a two-dimensional periodic metallic nanopattern was investigated using three-dimensional finite element analysis. By studying the enhancement effect brought by different materials, dimensions, coverage, and dielectric environments of the metal nanopattern, we found that absorption enhancement occurs at wavelength range outside surface plasmons resonance of the nanostructures. The exploitation of the nanostructures also enhances the Fabry-Perot resonance in the active layer. It plays an important role in optimizing the absorption of the solar cell. C1 [Wu, Shaomin; Chen, Shaochen] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Mech Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Reinhardt, Kitt] USAF, Off Sci Res, AFOSR NE, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Lu, Yalin] USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Laser Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Wu, SM (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Dept Mech Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM wushaomin@yahoo.com; scchen@mail.utexas.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; National Science Foundation; Office of Naval Research FX Financial support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, National Science Foundation, and the Office of Naval Research is greatly appreciated. S. C. is grateful for the computer support from Intel's Higher Education Program. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTOPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1934-2608 J9 J NANOPHOTONICS JI J. Nanophotonics PD AUG 27 PY 2010 VL 4 AR 043515 DI 10.1117/1.3490295 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA 704OM UT WOS:000286062300001 ER PT J AU Kumar, A Devine, R Mayberry, C Lei, B Li, G Yang, Y AF Kumar, Ankit Devine, Roderick Mayberry, Clay Lei, Bao Li, Gang Yang, Yang TI Origin of Radiation-Induced Degradation in Polymer Solar Cells SO ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID OPEN-CIRCUIT VOLTAGE; CONVERSION EFFICIENCY; SERIES RESISTANCE; PHOTOVOLTAICS; DEVICES AB Polymer solar cells have been shown to degrade under X-rays. Here, in situ polymer photovoltaic performance and recombination lifetimes are measured and it is found that charge accumulation is the primary reason for degradation of solar cells. This is affected by the mixing ratio of donor and acceptor in the bulk heterojunction. Both a quantitative understanding and the physical model of the degradation mechanism are presented. Understanding of the degradation mechanism is extended in polymer donor-acceptor bulk heterojunction systems to propose a material combination for making radiation hard diodes that can find important application in fields ranging from memory arrays to organic X-ray detectors for medical imaging. C1 [Kumar, Ankit; Lei, Bao; Yang, Yang] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Devine, Roderick; Mayberry, Clay] USAF, Res Lab, Space Elect Branch, AFRL RVSE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Li, Gang] Solarmer Energy Inc, El Monte, CA 91731 USA. RP Kumar, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM gangl@solarmer.com; yangy@ucla.edu RI Lei, Bao/A-2933-2011; Yang, Yang/A-2944-2011; Li, Gang/A-5667-2012 OI Li, Gang/0000-0001-8399-7771 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-09-1-0610] FX A. Kumar, B. Lei and Prof. Y. Yang would like to thank Dr. Ziruo Hong and Li-Min Chen for fruitful scientific discussions. This work is supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (grant # FA9550-09-1-0610, Program manager-Dr. Charles Lee). NR 31 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 32 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1616-301X J9 ADV FUNCT MATER JI Adv. Funct. Mater. PD AUG 23 PY 2010 VL 20 IS 16 BP 2729 EP 2736 DI 10.1002/adfm.201000374 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 648KG UT WOS:000281691900022 ER PT J AU Kulatilaka, WD Hsu, PS Stauffer, HU Gord, JR Roy, S AF Kulatilaka, Waruna D. Hsu, Paul S. Stauffer, Hans U. Gord, James R. Roy, Sukesh TI Direct measurement of rotationally resolved H-2 Q-branch Raman coherence lifetimes using time-resolved picosecond coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CARS THERMOMETRY; COEFFICIENTS; LINEWIDTHS; PRESSURE AB We report direct measurement of H-2 Q-branch Raman coherence lifetimes using time-resolved picosecond coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (ps-CARS). A custom-built, high-peak-power, nearly transform-limited ps laser system offers an ideal combination of frequency and temporal resolution for such measurements. The coherence lifetimes measured for pure H-2 at room temperature are in good agreement with decay rates that were derived from previous high-resolution studies. Measurements were also performed in binary mixtures of H-2-X (X=Ar, N-2, CH4, and C2H4). These measurements can be useful for accurate H-2 ps-CARS thermometry as well as for studying various H-2 collisional energy-transfer processes. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3483871] C1 [Kulatilaka, Waruna D.; Hsu, Paul S.; Stauffer, Hans U.; Roy, Sukesh] Spectral Energies LLC, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Gord, James R.] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kulatilaka, WD (reprint author), Spectral Energies LLC, 5100 Springfield St,Suite 301, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. EM waruna.kulatilaka@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-09-C-2001, FA8650-10-C-2008]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX Funding for this research was provided by the Air Force Research Laboratory under Contract Nos. FA8650-09-C-2001 and FA8650-10-C-2008 (Ms. Amy Lynch, Program Manager) and by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Dr. Julian Tishkoff and Dr. Tatjana Curcic, Program Managers). NR 12 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 23 PY 2010 VL 97 IS 8 AR 081112 DI 10.1063/1.3483871 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 643OM UT WOS:000281306500012 ER PT J AU Ahmed, YO Schneider, S Rosander, M Hawkins, TW AF Ahmed, Yonis O. Schneider, Stefan Rosander, Michael Hawkins, Tom W. TI Heterocyclic based ILs having alkyl hydrazine tether: Synthesis and physiochemical properties SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Ahmed, Yonis O.; Schneider, Stefan; Rosander, Michael; Hawkins, Tom W.] USAF, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 104-FUEL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164702789 ER PT J AU Akdim, B Kim, SN Naik, RN Pachter, R AF Akdim, Brahim Kim, Sang N. Naik, Rajesh N. Pachter, Ruth TI Toward understanding non-bonded interactions at a single-wall carbon nanoturbe-DNA nucleobase interface SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Akdim, Brahim; Kim, Sang N.; Naik, Rajesh N.; Pachter, Ruth] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 357-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164706536 ER PT J AU Berry, R AF Berry, Rajiv TI Interactions of peptides and ionic liquids with silica SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Berry, Rajiv] AF Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 269-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164706461 ER PT J AU Buckner, SW Jelliss, PA Hammerstroem, DW Bunker, CE Guliants, EA Hayes, SE Wentz, KM AF Buckner, Steven W. Jelliss, Paul A. Hammerstroem, Douglas W. Bunker, Christopher E. Guliants, Elena A. Hayes, Sophia E. Wentz, Katherine M. TI Alkane-capped aluminum nanoparticles SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 St Louis Univ, Dept Chem, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Res Inst, Dayton, OH USA. Washington Univ, Dept Chem, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. RI Hayes, Sophia/C-1075-2008 OI Hayes, Sophia/0000-0002-2809-6193 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 218-FUEL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164703001 ER PT J AU Chhatre, SS Guardado, JO Moore, BM Mabry, JM McKinley, GH Cohen, RE AF Chhatre, Shreerang S. Guardado, Jesus O. Moore, Brian M. Mabry, Joseph M. McKinley, Gareth H. Cohen, Robert E. TI Girifalco: Good analysis of fluoroalkylated silicon-containing surfaces SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 MIT, Dept Chem Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. MIT, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Edwards AFB, Space & Missile Prop Div, AF Res Lab, Lancaster, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 31-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164701783 ER PT J AU Chiu, YH Ticknor, BW Prince, BD AF Chiu, Yu-Hui Ticknor, Brian W. Prince, Benjamin D. TI Vacuum electrospray ionization of ionic liquids SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Chiu, Yu-Hui; Ticknor, Brian W.; Prince, Benjamin D.] USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. RI Ticknor, Brian/M-2329-2016 OI Ticknor, Brian/0000-0002-2867-9073 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 97-FUEL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164703117 ER PT J AU Davidson, ME Harbaugh, SV Chushak, YG Kelley-Loughnane, N Stone, MO AF Davidson, Molly E. Harbaugh, Svetlana V. Chushak, Yaroslav G. Kelley-Loughnane, Nancy Stone, Morley O. TI Development of a new 2,4-dinitrotoluene-responsive riboswitch SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. UES Inc, Dept Biol & Nanoscale Technol & Mat, Dayton, OH USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 176-BIOL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164700577 ER PT J AU Deng, WJ Lobovsky, A Tomar, N Wu, TY Iacono, ST Budy, SM Hoffman, WP Smith, DW Long, T AF Deng, Wenjin Lobovsky, Alexander Tomar, Neetu Wu, Tianyu Iacono, Scott T. Budy, Stephen M. Hoffman, Wesley P. Smith, Dennis W., Jr. Long, Timothy TI Thermal stabilization of poly (acrylonitrile-co-1-vinylimidazole) melt-spun fiber SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Chem, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Adv Fiber Engn LLC, Fiber, Westfield, NJ USA. USAF, Res Lab, AFMC AFRL RZSM, Edwards AFB, CA USA. Virginia Tech, Dept Chem, Blacksburg, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 438-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164707033 ER PT J AU Dudis, DS Check, M Seibel, HA Ferguson, JB Elliott, B Gengler, J Leamy, M AF Dudis, Douglas S. Check, Michael Seibel, Harry A. Ferguson, John B. Elliott, Bevan Gengler, Jamie Leamy, Michael TI Fullerene-based Superatom thermoelectric materials SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Dept Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 51-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164703598 ER PT J AU Eyet, N Freel, K Viggiano, AA Heaven, MC AF Eyet, Nicole Freel, Keith Viggiano, Albert A. Heaven, Michael C. TI Gas phase reactivity of ClN3 with positive and negative ions SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 St Anselm Coll, Dept Chem, Manchester, NH USA. USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Boston, MA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 486-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164706113 ER PT J AU Farmer, BL Varshney, V Patnaik, SS Roy, AK AF Farmer, Barry L. Varshney, V. Patnaik, S. S. Roy, A. K. TI Modeling of thermal transport in polymer nanocomposites SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Farmer, Barry L.; Varshney, V.; Patnaik, S. S.; Roy, A. K.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 325-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164706513 ER PT J AU Kuang, ZF Lane, SM Farmer, BL Naik, RR Vaia, RA AF Kuang, Zhifeng Lane, Sarah M. Farmer, Barry L. Naik, Rajesh R. Vaia, Richard A. TI Molecular modeling investigation of binding and activity of horseradish peroxidase immobilized on a PHEMA polymer brush SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Labs, NRC Postdoctoral Res Associate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Universal Technol Corp, Beavercreek, OH USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 359-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164706538 ER PT J AU Moller, JC Ward, L Bechel, V Berry, R Breitzman, T Iarve, E Mollenhauer, D Unroe, M AF Moller, James C. Ward, Logan Bechel, Vernon Berry, Rajiv Breitzman, Timothy Iarve, Endel Mollenhauer, David Unroe, Marilyn TI Molecular dynamics simulation of thermoset fracture with micromechanics analysis integration SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF, AFRL RXBC, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. Miami Univ, Dept Mech & Mfg Engn, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 302-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164706494 ER PT J AU Navarathne, D Ner, Y Niedzwiedzki, DM Grote, JG Dobrynin, AV Frank, HA Sotzing, GA AF Navarathne, Daminda Ner, Yogesh Niedzwiedzki, Dariusz M. Grote, James G. Dobrynin, Andrey V. Frank, Harry A. Sotzing, Gregory A. TI Enhanced photostability of Hemi-22 dye in solid state thin films of DNA-CTMA SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Connecticut, Dept Chem, Storrs, CT USA. Univ Connecticut, Inst Mat Sci, Polymer Program, Storrs, CT USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Phys, Storrs, CT USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 149-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164706344 ER PT J AU Prince, BD Chiu, YH Boatz, JA Maginn, EJ AF Prince, Benjamin D. Chiu, Yu-Hui Boatz, Jerry A. Maginn, Edward J. TI Theoretical investigations of EMIM-Tf2N small cluster stability and dynamics SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Chem Engn, South Bend, IN USA. USAF, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA USA. RI Maginn, Edward/F-7584-2014 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 366-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164706007 ER PT J AU Schmidt, JE Dudis, DS Fratini, AV AF Schmidt, Joel E. Dudis, Douglas S. Fratini, Albert V. TI Synthesis and crystal structure of (benzo[ 1,2-c:3,4-c ':5,6-c '']trithiophene)(2)(7,7,8,8-tetracyano-p- quinodimethane) a possible 1D thermoelectric material SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directorate AFRL RXBT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. Univ Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 671-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164703747 ER PT J AU Shuman, NS Miller, TM Caples, CM Viggiano, AA AF Shuman, Nicholas S. Miller, Thomas M. Caples, Connor M. Viggiano, A. A. TI Electron attachment to radicals, products of ion-ion mutual neutralization, and electron catalyzed mutual neutralization SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Shuman, Nicholas S.; Miller, Thomas M.; Caples, Connor M.; Viggiano, A. A.] USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 477-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164706105 ER PT J AU Tchoul, MN Dong, HC Pietrasik, J Chaladaj, W Matyjaszewski, K Vaia, RA Jurczak, J AF Tchoul, Maxim N. Dong, Hongchen Pietrasik, Joanna Chaladaj, Wojciech Matyjaszewski, Krzysztof Vaia, Richard A. Jurczak, Janusz TI Structure, composition, and free polymer content of polymer-grafted nanoparticles by size exclusion chromatography SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Chem, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Tech Univ Lodz, Inst Polymer & Dye Technol, PL-90924 Lodz, Poland. Polish Acad Sci, Inst Organ Chem, Warsaw, Poland. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 154-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164706653 ER PT J AU Thomas, BJ Buckner, SW Burgers, MA Chung, SW Hammerstroem, DW Jelliss, PA Oberle, CD Bunker, CE Guliants, EA Hayes, SE Wentz, K AF Thomas, Brandon J. Buckner, Steven W. Burgers, Mark A. Chung, Stephen W. Hammerstroem, Douglas W. Jelliss, Paul A. Oberle, Carl D. Bunker, Christopher E. Guliants, Elena A. Hayes, Sophia E. Wentz, Katherine TI Integrated synthetic methodology for surface passivation and kinetic stabilization of aluminum nanoparticles with polymerizable capping agents SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 St Louis Univ, Dept Chem, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. USAF, Prop Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Chem, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 747-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164703816 ER PT J AU Ticknor, BW Chiu, YH AF Ticknor, Brian W. Chiu, Yu-Hui TI High resolution time-of-flight mass spectral analysis of vacuum electrospray ionization of ionic liquids SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Ticknor, Brian W.; Chiu, Yu-Hui] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. RI Ticknor, Brian/M-2329-2016 OI Ticknor, Brian/0000-0002-2867-9073 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 526-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164706152 ER PT J AU Trulove, PC Reichert, WM Foley, MP McIlvaine, WB O'Sullivan, DW De Long, HC AF Trulove, Paul C. Reichert, W. Matthew Foley, Matthew P. McIlvaine, William B. O'Sullivan, Daniel W. De Long, Hugh C. TI Application of ionic liquids for the conversion of cellulosic biomass into usable fuels SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. USAF, Directorate Math Informat & Life Sci, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 65-FUEL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164703087 ER PT J AU Wang, D Riley, JK Fillery, SP Durstock, MF Vaia, RA Tan, LS AF Wang, David Riley, John K. Fillery, Scott P. Durstock, Michael F. Vaia, Richard A. Tan, Loon-Seng TI Synthesis of symmetric and asymmetric polyimides containing benzonitrile groups for dielectric applications SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 AF Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. SW Ohio Council Higher Educ, Dayton, OH USA. CNR, Washington, DC 20418 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 349-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164706834 ER PT J AU Wang, DH Tan, LS AF Wang, David H. Tan, Loon-Seng TI Switching endgroup polarity and grafting of hyperbranched polyetherketone to carbon nanofiber via an A(2)B monomer SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 AF Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, UDRI, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 293-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164706783 ER PT J AU Wang, DH Tan, LS Wang, Z Hahn, HT AF Wang, David H. Tan, Loon-Seng Wang, Zhe Hahn, H. Thomas TI Graphite nanoplatelet/epoxy composites: Functionalization, processing, and properties SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 AF Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, UDRI, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Los Angeles, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 2010 VL 240 MA 292-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V20UK UT WOS:000208164706782 ER PT J AU Sloan, GC Matsunaga, N Matsuura, M Zijlstra, AA Kraemer, KE Wood, PR Nieusma, J Bernard-Salas, J Devost, D Houck, JR AF Sloan, G. C. Matsunaga, N. Matsuura, M. Zijlstra, A. A. Kraemer, K. E. Wood, P. R. Nieusma, J. Bernard-Salas, J. Devost, D. Houck, J. R. TI SPITZER SPECTROSCOPY OF MASS-LOSS AND DUST PRODUCTION BY EVOLVED STARS IN GLOBULAR CLUSTERS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; globular clusters: general; infrared: stars; stars: AGB and post-AGB ID ASYMPTOTIC GIANT BRANCH; PERIOD-LUMINOSITY RELATION; NEAR-INFRARED PHOTOMETRY; RICH AGB STARS; SHORT-WAVELENGTH SPECTROMETER; LARGE-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; ISO-SWS SPECTRA; OMEGA-CENTAURI; SPACE-TELESCOPE; EXTENDED ATMOSPHERE AB We have observed a sample of 35 long-period variables (LPVs) and four Cepheid variables in the vicinity of 23 Galactic globular clusters using the Infrared Spectrograph on the Spitzer Space Telescope. The LPVs in the sample cover a range of metallicities from near solar to about 1/40th solar. The dust mass-loss rate (MLR) from the stars increases with pulsation period and bolometric luminosity. Higher MLRs are associated with greater contributions from silicate grains. The dust MLR also depends on metallicity. The dependence is most clear when segregating the sample by dust composition, less clear when segregating by bolometric magnitude, and absent when segregating by period. The spectra are rich in solid-state and molecular features. Emission from alumina dust is apparent across the range of metallicities. Spectra with a 13 mu m dust emission feature, as well as an associated feature at 20 mu m, also appear at most metallicities. Molecular features in the spectra include H2O bands at 6.4-6.8 mu m, seen in both emission and absorption, SO2 absorption at 7.3-7.5 mu m, and narrow emission bands from CO2 from 13.5 to 16.8 mu m. The star Lynga 7 V1 has an infrared spectrum revealing it to be a carbon star, adding to the small number of carbon stars associated with Galactic globular clusters. C1 [Sloan, G. C.; Bernard-Salas, J.; Houck, J. R.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Matsunaga, N.] Kyoto Univ, Dept Astron, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. [Matsunaga, N.] Univ Tokyo, Inst Astron, Tokyo 1810015, Japan. [Matsuura, M.] UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, Inst Origins, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Matsuura, M.] Univ Coll London, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Inst Origins, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. [Zijlstra, A. A.] Univ Manchester, Sch Phys & Astron, Manchester M60 1QD, Lancs, England. [Kraemer, K. E.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Wood, P. R.] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Weston, ACT 2611, Australia. [Nieusma, J.] Coll New Jersey, Dept Phys, Ewing, NJ 08628 USA. [Nieusma, J.] Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Nieusma, J.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Devost, D.] Canada France Hawaii Telescope Corp, Kamuela, HI 96743 USA. RP Sloan, GC (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM sloan@isc.astro.cornell.edu; matsunaga@ioa.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp; mikako@star.ucl.ac.uk; albert.zijlstra@manchester.ac.uk; wood@mso.anu.edu.au; judaniel@umich.edu; jbs@isc.astro.cornell.edu; devost@cfht.hawaii.edu; jrh13@cornell.edu OI Kraemer, Kathleen/0000-0002-2626-7155 FU NASA [1257184, 1407] FX We are grateful to M. W. Feast, J. W. Menzies, P. A. Whitelock, S. Nishiyama, and Y. Ita for near-infrared observations with IRSF/SIRIUS. We thank W. E. Harris for helpful advice navigating the available data on globular cluster properties and I. McDonald at Manchester for his helpful comments. The referee also contributed many useful suggestions and questions. These observations were made with the Spitzer Space Telescope, which is operated by JPL, California Institute of Technology under NASA contract no. 1407 and supported by NASA through JPL (contract no. 1257184). This research has made use of the SIMBAD and VIZIER databases, operated at the Centre de Donnees astronomiques de Strasbourg, and the Infrared Science Archive at the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center, which is operated by JPL. NR 97 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 20 PY 2010 VL 719 IS 2 BP 1274 EP 1292 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/719/2/1274 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 635LU UT WOS:000280658000020 ER PT J AU Huang, JQ Christ, JA Goltz, MN AF Huang, Junqi Christ, John A. Goltz, Mark N. TI Analytical solutions for efficient interpretation of single-well push-pull tracer tests SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID IN-SITU DETERMINATION; PARTITIONING TRACER; RADIAL DISPERSION; DEPENDENT DISPERSION; RATE COEFFICIENTS; INJECTION WELL; AQUIFER; FLOW; SUBSURFACE; TRANSPORT AB Single-well push-pull tracer tests have been used to characterize the extent, fate, and transport of subsurface contamination. Analytical solutions provide one alternative for interpreting test results. In this work, an exact analytical solution to two-dimensional equations describing the governing processes acting on a dissolved compound during a modified push-pull test (advection, longitudinal and transverse dispersion, first-order decay, and rate-limited sorption/partitioning in steady, divergent, and convergent flow fields) is developed. The coupling of this solution with inverse modeling to estimate aquifer parameters provides an efficient methodology for subsurface characterization. Synthetic data for single-well push-pull tests are employed to demonstrate the utility of the solution for determining (1) estimates of aquifer longitudinal and transverse dispersivities, (2) sorption distribution coefficients and rate constants, and (3) non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL) saturations. Employment of the solution to estimate NAPL saturations based on partitioning and non-partitioning tracers is designed to overcome limitations of previous efforts by including rate-limited mass transfer. This solution provides a new tool for use by practitioners when interpreting single-well push-pull test results. C1 [Huang, Junqi] US EPA, Water & Ecosyst Restorat Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. [Christ, John A.] USAF Acad, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Goltz, Mark N.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Syst & Engn Management, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Huang, JQ (reprint author), US EPA, Water & Ecosyst Restorat Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Ada, OK 74820 USA. EM huang.junqi@epa.gov; john.christ@usafa.edu; mark.goltz@afit.edu OI Goltz, Mark/0000-0003-3601-6453 FU Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program [ER-1612, W91HQ-08-C-0003] FX Portions of this research were sponsored by the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program, Project ER-1612 (contract W91HQ-08-C-0003). The content of this manuscript has not been subject to agency review and does not necessarily represent the view of the sponsoring agency. Additionally, the views expressed in this manuscript are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the United States Air Force, Department of Defense, or the U. S. government. NR 42 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 32 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD AUG 20 PY 2010 VL 46 AR W08538 DI 10.1029/2008WR007647 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 641RO UT WOS:000281147600001 ER PT J AU McHarg, MG Stenbaek-Nielsen, HC Kanmae, T Haaland, RK AF McHarg, M. G. Stenbaek-Nielsen, H. C. Kanmae, T. Haaland, R. K. TI Streamer tip splitting in sprites SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RED SPRITES; ART.; VIDEO AB Five sprite events were observed above mesoscale thunderstorms in the midwest of the United States on 23 June 2007 with images recorded at 10,000 frames per second. We observe 75 streamer tips that propagate with no splitting and 42 streamer tips that split at some point while in the field of view. In general, streamer tips that propagate and do not split are smaller in width, and less bright. The median streamer tip radius for propagating streamer tips is 193 m, while the median value for splitting streamer tips is 389 m. Streamer tips that split become wider and brighter shortly before they are observed to split. Our observations compare favorably with theoretical models based on viscous fingering of the streamer heads leading to streamer tip splitting. C1 [McHarg, M. G.] US AF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Haaland, R. K.] Ft Lewis Coll, Dept Phys & Engn, Durango, CO 81301 USA. [Stenbaek-Nielsen, H. C.; Kanmae, T.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP McHarg, MG (reprint author), US AF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM matthew.mcharg@usafa.edu OI Kanmae, Takeshi/0000-0001-9893-9718 NR 25 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD AUG 19 PY 2010 VL 115 AR A00E53 DI 10.1029/2009JA014850 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 641RC UT WOS:000281146400001 ER PT J AU Sellinger, AT Wang, DH Tan, LS Vaia, RA AF Sellinger, Aaron T. Wang, David H. Tan, Loon-Seng Vaia, Richard A. TI Electrothermal Polymer Nanocomposite Actuators SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID CARBON NANOTUBES; THIN-FILMS; COMPOSITES; POLY(3-HEXYLTHIOPHENE); ELASTOMERS AB Through the addition of a conductive nanofiller and the selection of an appropriate actuator geometry, high-strain reversible actuation can be induced electrothermally in polymer nanocomposite films by exploiting either of two common thermomechanical processes, namely thermal expansion (T < T-g) or mechanical softening (T > T-g) C1 [Sellinger, Aaron T.; Tan, Loon-Seng; Vaia, Richard A.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Wang, David H.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Vaia, RA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Wang, David/F-7492-2013; Tan, Loon-Seng/F-6985-2012 OI Wang, David/0000-0001-6710-7265; Tan, Loon-Seng/0000-0002-2134-9290 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Air Force Research Laboratory's Materials and Manufacturing Directorate FX The authors would like to thank J D Jacobs, B Taylor, D Phillips, H Koerner and G Price for their contributions to this work This research was performed while A T Sellinger was a National Research Council Postdoctoral Associate Funding was provided by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and the Air Force Research Laboratory's Materials and Manufacturing Directorate NR 25 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 4 U2 54 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 EI 1521-4095 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD AUG 17 PY 2010 VL 22 IS 31 SI SI BP 3430 EP + DI 10.1002/adma.200904107 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 646IO UT WOS:000281533200008 PM 20354975 ER PT J AU Briones, AM Ervin, JS Putnam, SA Byrd, LW Gschwender, L AF Briones, Alejandro M. Ervin, Jamie S. Putnam, Shawn A. Byrd, Larry W. Gschwender, Lois TI Micrometer-Sized Water Droplet Impingement Dynamics and Evaporation on a Flat Dry Surface SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID COOLING HEAT-TRANSFER; SESSILE DROPLET; CONTACT-ANGLE; LOW WEBER; SPRAY; IMPACT; FLOW; SIMULATIONS; DEPOSITION; SUBSTRATE AB A comprehensive numerical and experimental investigation on micrometer-sized water droplet impact dynamics and evaporation on an unheated, flat, dry surface is conducted from the standpoint of spray-cooling technology. The axisymmetric time-dependent governing equations of continuity, momentum, energy, and species are solved. Surface tension, wall adhesion effect, gravitational body force, contact line dynamics, and evaporation are accounted for in the governing equations. The explicit volume of fluid (VOF) model with dynamic meshing and variable-time stepping in serial and parallel processors is used to capture the time-dependent liquid gas interface motion throughout the computational domain. The numerical model includes temperature- and species-dependent thermodynamic and transport properties. The contact line dynamics and the evaporation rate are predicted using Blake's and Schrage's molecular kinetic models, respectively. An extensive grid independence study was conducted. Droplet impingement and evaporation data are acquired with a standard dispensing/imaging system and high-speed photography. The numerical results are compared with measurements reported in the literature for millimeter-size droplets and with current microdroplet experiments in terms of instantaneous droplet shape and temporal spread (R/D(0) or R/R(E)), flatness ratio (H/D(0)), and height (H/H(E)) profiles, as well as temporal volume (for all) profile. The Weber numbers (We) for impinging droplets vary from 1.4 to 35.2 at nearly constant Ohnesorge number (Oh) of similar to 0.025-0.029. Both numerical and experimental results show that there is air bubble entrapment due to impingement. Numerical results indicate that Blake's formulation provides better results than the static (SCA) and dynamic contact angle (DCA) approach in terms of temporal evolution of R/D(0) and H/D(0) (especially at the initial stages of spreading) and equilibrium flatness ratio (H(E)/D(0)). Blake's contact line dynamics is dependent on the wetting parameter (K(W)). Both numerical and experimental results suggest that at 4.5 < We < 11.0 the short-time dynamics of microdroplet impingement corresponds to a transition regime between two different spreading regimes (i.e., for We <= 4.5, impingement is followed by spreading, then contact line pinning and then inertial oscillations, and for We 11.0, impingement is followed by spreading, then recoiling, then contact line pinning and then inertial oscillations). Droplet evaporation can be satisfactorily modeled using the Schrage model, since it predicts both well-defined transient and quasi-steady evaporation stages. The model compares well with measurements in terms of flatness ratio (H/H(E)) before depinning occurs. Toroidal vortices are formed on the droplet surface in the gaseous phase due to buoyancy-induced Rayleigh-Taylor instability that enhances convection. C1 [Briones, Alejandro M.; Ervin, Jamie S.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Byrd, Larry W.; Gschwender, Lois] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Briones, AM (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research [2303BR5P] FX This material is based on research sponsored by U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research under grant no. 2303BR5P. The authors are thankful to Steven Patton and Chad Hunter for their help with frequent technical consultations during the preparation of this paper. The authors are also grateful to HPCMPO for the computing resources at the AFRL/DSRC. The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements, either expressed or implied, of U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research or the U.S. Government. NR 64 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 9 U2 91 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD AUG 17 PY 2010 VL 26 IS 16 BP 13272 EP 13286 DI 10.1021/la101557p PG 15 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 635PI UT WOS:000280667900036 PM 20695569 ER PT J AU Scott, RC Leedy, KD Bayraktaroglu, B Look, DC Zhang, YH AF Scott, Robin C. Leedy, Kevin D. Bayraktaroglu, Burhan Look, David C. Zhang, Yong-Hang TI Highly conductive ZnO grown by pulsed laser deposition in pure Ar SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE annealing; electrical resistivity; elemental semiconductors; gallium; II-VI semiconductors; infrared spectra; pulsed laser deposition; semiconductor growth; semiconductor thin films; visible spectra; wide band gap semiconductors; zinc compounds ID THIN-FILMS; TRANSPARENT; AL AB Ga-doped ZnO was deposited by pulsed laser deposition at 200 degrees C on SiO(2)/Si, Al(2)O(3), or quartz in 10 mTorr of pure Ar. The as-grown, bulk resistivity at 300 K is 1.8x10(-4) cm, three-times lower than that of films deposited at 200 degrees C in 10 mTorr of O(2) followed by an anneal at 400 degrees C in forming gas. Furthermore, depth uniformity of the electrical properties is much improved. Mobility analysis shows that this excellent resistivity is mostly due to an increase in donor concentration, rather than a decrease in acceptor concentration. Optical transmittance is approximately 90% in the visible and near-IR spectral regions. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3481372] C1 [Scott, Robin C.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Mech Aerosp Chem & Mat Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Leedy, Kevin D.; Bayraktaroglu, Burhan] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Look, David C.] Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Zhang, Yong-Hang] Arizona State Univ, Sch Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Scott, RC (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Mech Aerosp Chem & Mat Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM david.look@wright.edu FU Science Foundation Arizona [SRG 0190-07, SRG 0339-08]; Air Force Research Laboratory/Space Vehicles Directorate [FA9453-08-2-0228]; AFOSR [FA9550-10-1-0079]; NSF [DMR0803276] FX This work was carried out at the Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH. We wish to thank T. A. Cooper for the Hall-effect measurements. The work of R.C.S. and Y.H.Z. was partially supported by Science Foundation Arizona, Contract Nos. SRG 0190-07 and SRG 0339-08, and by the Air Force Research Laboratory/Space Vehicles Directorate, Contract No. FA9453-08-2-0228. The work of D.C.L. was partially supported by AFOSR under Grant No. FA9550-10-1-0079 (K. Reinhardt) and NSF under Grant No. DMR0803276 (L. Hess). NR 9 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 16 PY 2010 VL 97 IS 7 AR 072113 DI 10.1063/1.3481372 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 641TW UT WOS:000281153600044 ER PT J AU Kim, J Soref, R Buchwald, WR AF Kim, Jaeyoun Soref, Richard Buchwald, Walter R. TI Multi-peak electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT)-like transmission from bull's-eye-shaped metamaterial SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID FANO RESONANCES; ANALOG; LIGHT AB We investigate the electromagnetic response of the concentric multi-ring, or the bull's eye, structure as an extension of the dual-ring metamaterial which exhibits electromagnetically-induced transparency (EIT)-like transmission characteristics. Our results show that adding inner rings produces additional EIT-like peaks, and widens the metamaterial's spectral range of operation. Analyses of the dispersion characteristics and induced current distribution further confirmed the peak's EIT-like nature. Impacts of structural and dielectric parameters are also investigated. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Kim, Jaeyoun] Iowa State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Soref, Richard; Buchwald, Walter R.] AFRL RYHC, AF Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Kim, J (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM plasmon@iastate.edu RI Kim, Jaeyoun/B-5291-2012 FU Air Force Research Laboratory; Air Force Summer Faculty FX This work was supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory and the Air Force Summer Faculty Fellowship Program. NR 18 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 26 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD AUG 16 PY 2010 VL 18 IS 17 BP 17997 EP 18002 DI 10.1364/OE.18.017997 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 640LZ UT WOS:000281054400043 PM 20721186 ER PT J AU Binh, VT Mouton, R Adessi, C Semet, V Cahay, M Fairchild, S AF Binh, Vu Thien Mouton, R. Adessi, Ch. Semet, V. Cahay, M. Fairchild, S. TI Nanopatchwork cathodes: Patch-fields and field emission of nanosize parallel e-beams SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TOTAL-ENERGY DISTRIBUTION; ELECTRON-EMISSION; EMITTED ELECTRONS; WORK-FUNCTIONS; CARBON; MECHANISM; METALS; FILMS AB A numerical calculation of the patch-field distribution across nanopatchwork surfaces has been developed. Results show that the low work-function nanosize zones are intrinsically protected by an electrostatic screen, which is induced by the surrounding area having a higher work-function. In presence of an applied field, during field emission, a preferential opening of the surface barrier above the nanopatches induces a field emission array of parallel e-beams whose geometrical distribution is defined by the positions of the nanopatches. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3475343] C1 [Binh, Vu Thien; Mouton, R.; Adessi, Ch.; Semet, V.] Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, LPMCN, Equipe Emiss Elect, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. [Cahay, M.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept ECECS, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Fairchild, S.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Binh, VT (reprint author), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, LPMCN, Equipe Emiss Elect, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. EM binh.vu-thien@univ-lyon1.fr NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 15 PY 2010 VL 108 IS 4 AR 044311 DI 10.1063/1.3475343 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 650NV UT WOS:000281857100115 ER PT J AU Zhang, Q Lu, YC Du, F Dai, L Baur, J Foster, DC AF Zhang, Q. Lu, Y. C. Du, F. Dai, L. Baur, J. Foster, D. C. TI Viscoelastic creep of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; INDENTATION; NANOINDENTATION; COMPOSITES; TENSILE; ARRAYS; TURF AB The paper reports the viscous creep occurring in vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VA-CNTs). Nanoindentation experiments are conducted to characterize the creep behaviour of the nanotube materials. By recording the instantaneous control stress and strain rate, the creep strain rate sensitivity of the VA-CNT array is calculated. The creep property is found to depend upon the density of nanotube arrays. C1 [Lu, Y. C.] Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Zhang, Q.; Du, F.; Dai, L.] Univ Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Dai, L.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Baur, J.; Foster, D. C.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXBC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lu, YC (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. FU AFRL; NASA; NSF [CMMI-0609077] FX Y C Lu thanks AFRL and NASA EPSCoR Research Infrastructure Development (RID) Program for financial support. L Dai thanks AFRL and NSF (CMMI-0609077) for financial support. NR 36 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 4 U2 25 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD AUG 11 PY 2010 VL 43 IS 31 AR 315401 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/43/31/315401 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 630LR UT WOS:000280275200012 ER PT J AU Deng, N Choudhary, DP Balasubramaniam, KS AF Deng, Na Choudhary, Debi Prasad Balasubramaniam, K. S. TI ON THE DOPPLER SHIFT AND ASYMMETRY OF STOKES PROFILES OF PHOTOSPHERIC Fe I AND CHROMOSPHERIC Mg I LINES SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE line: profiles; Sun: chromosphere; Sun: magnetic topology; Sun: photosphere; sunspots; techniques: polarimetric ID SOLAR MAGNETIC FLUXTUBES; BAND CIRCULAR-POLARIZATION; TO-LIMB VARIATION; V-PROFILES; VELOCITY-FIELDS; EVERSHED FLOW; FLUX TUBES; SUNSPOT PENUMBRAE; SPECTRAL-LINES; INVERSION AB We analyzed the full Stokes spectra using simultaneous measurements of the photospheric (Fe I 630.15 and 630.25 nm) and chromospheric (Mg I b(2) 517.27 nm) lines. The data were obtained with the High Altitude Observatory/National Solar Observatory (HAO/NSO) advanced Stokes polarimeter, about a near disk center sunspot region, NOAA AR 9661. We compare the characteristics of the Stokes profiles in terms of Doppler shifts and asymmetries among the three spectral lines, helping us to better understand the chromospheric lines and the magnetic and flow fields in different magnetic regions. The main results are: (1) for the penumbral area observed by the photospheric Fe I lines, Doppler velocities derived from Stokes I (nu(i)) are very close to those derived from linear polarization profiles (nu(1p)) but significantly different from those derived from Stokes V profiles (nu(zc)), thus providing direct and strong evidence that the penumbral Evershed flows are magnetized and mainly carried by the horizontal magnetic component; (2) the rudimentary inverse Evershed effect observed by the Mg I b(2) line provides qualitative evidence on its formation height that is around or just above the temperature minimum region; (3)nu(zc) and nu(1p) in the penumbrae and nu(zc) in the pores generally approach their nu(i) observed by the chromospheric Mg I line, which is not the case for the photospheric Fe I lines; (4) the outer penumbrae and pores show similar Stokes V asymmetry behavior that tend to change from positive values in the photosphere (Fe I lines) to negative values in the low chromosphere (Mg I line); (5) the Stokes V profiles in plage regions are highly asymmetric in the photosphere and more symmetric in the low chromosphere; and (6) strong redshifts and large asymmetries are found around the magnetic polarity inversion line within the common penumbra of the delta spot. We offer explanations or speculations to the observed discrepancies between the photospheric and chromospheric lines in terms of the three-dimensional structure of the magnetic and velocity fields. This study thus emphasizes the importance of spectropolarimetry using chromospheric lines. C1 [Deng, Na; Choudhary, Debi Prasad] Calif State Univ Northridge, Dept Phys & Astron, Northridge, CA 91330 USA. [Balasubramaniam, K. S.] USAF, Res Lab, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. RP Deng, N (reprint author), Calif State Univ Northridge, Dept Phys & Astron, 18111 Nordhoff St, Northridge, CA 91330 USA. EM na.deng@csun.edu; debiprasad.choudhary@csun.edu; bala@nso.edu OI Balasubramaniam, Krishnan/0000-0003-2221-0933; Deng, Na/0000-0001-8179-812X FU NASA [NNX08AQ32G]; NSF [ATM 05-48260] FX We are truly grateful to Dr. S. Solanki for a careful reading of the paper and many constructive suggestions throughout this study. Thanks are also given to Dr. C. Liu and A. Cookson for polishing and improving the manuscript and Drs. L. Bellot Rubio, K. E., Rangarajan, and H. Wang for helpful discussions. We thank the referee for valuable comments that helped improve the paper. N.D. and D.P.C. were supported by NASA grant NNX08AQ32G and NSF grant ATM 05-48260. We acknowledge the use of the HAO/NSO Advanced Stokes Polarimeter. The National Solar Observatory is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation, for the benefit of the astronomical community. This research has made use of NASA's Astrophysics Data System Bibliographic Services. NR 65 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 10 PY 2010 VL 719 IS 1 BP 385 EP 393 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/719/1/385 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 635KD UT WOS:000280653100033 ER PT J AU de Paula, ER Muella, MTAH Sobral, JHA Abdu, MA Batista, IS Beach, TL Groves, KM AF de Paula, E. R. Muella, M. T. A. H. Sobral, J. H. A. Abdu, M. A. Batista, I. S. Beach, T. L. Groves, K. M. TI Magnetic conjugate point observations of kilometer and hundred-meter scale irregularities and zonal drifts SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EQUATORIAL F-REGION; BOTTOMSIDE SINUSOIDAL IRREGULARITIES; L-BAND SCINTILLATIONS; SPREAD-F; PLASMA BUBBLES; IONOSPHERIC IRREGULARITIES; DISTURBED CONDITIONS; CACHOEIRA PAULISTA; BRAZILIAN REGION; VERTICAL DRIFT AB The Conjugate Point Equatorial Experiment (COPEX) campaign was carried out in Brazil, between October and December 2002, to study the conjugate nature of plasma bubble irregularities and to investigate their generation mechanisms, development characteristics, spatial-temporal distribution, and dynamics. In this work we will focus mainly on the zonal spaced GPS (1.575 GHz) and VHF (250 MHz) receivers' data collected simultaneously at two magnetic conjugate sites of the COPEX geometry: Boa Vista and Campo Grande. These GPS/VHF receivers were set up to detect the equatorial scintillations and to measure ionospheric scintillation pattern velocities. Then, the zonal irregularity drift velocities were estimated by applying a methodology that corrects the effects caused by vertical drifts and geometrical factors. The results reveal the coexistence of kilometer-(VHF) and hundred-meter-scale (GPS L-band) irregularities into the underlying depletion structure. Over the conjugate site of Campo Grande, the average zonal velocity at VHF seems to be consistently larger than the estimated GPS velocities until similar to 0200 UT, whereas over Boa Vista the irregularities detected from both techniques are drifting with comparable velocities. The hundred-meter-scale structures causing L-band scintillations appear to be drifting with comparable velocities over both the conjugate sites, whereas the kilometer-scale structures are drifting over Campo Grande with larger average velocities (before 0300 UT). Complementary data of ionospheric parameters scaled from collocated digital ionosondes are used in the analysis to explain differences/similarities on the scintillation/zonal drift results. C1 [de Paula, E. R.; Muella, M. T. A. H.; Sobral, J. H. A.; Abdu, M. A.; Batista, I. S.] Inst Nacl Pesquisas Espaciais, Div Aeron, BR-12227010 Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP, Brazil. [Beach, T. L.; Groves, K. M.] USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, Space Vehicles Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP de Paula, ER (reprint author), Inst Nacl Pesquisas Espaciais, Div Aeron, BR-12227010 Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP, Brazil. EM eurico@dae.inpe.br RI Muella, Marcio/C-4495-2012; Batista, Inez/F-2899-2012; Tecnologias espaciai, Inct/I-2415-2013; de Paula, Eurico/O-1709-2013 OI Muella, Marcio/0000-0003-3408-6861; de Paula, Eurico/0000-0003-2756-3826 FU Funda ao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) [2008/04892-5]; Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES) [BEX3367/05-3] FX The authors thank the Brazilian Air Force for their logistical support and facilities provided for the carrying out of the COPEX campaign. The authors also thank Robert Livingston (SCION Associates), Robert Sheehan, and Santimay Basu for the valuable comments on the methodologies used in the present work. Marcio Muella acknowledges the postdoctoral fellowship provided by the Funda ao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) under project 2008/04892-5. This research was also supported in part by the Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES) under process BEX3367/05-3. NR 38 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD AUG 10 PY 2010 VL 115 AR A08307 DI 10.1029/2010JA015383 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 639FT UT WOS:000280958700005 ER PT J AU Kendall, E Marshall, R Parris, RT Bhatt, A Coster, A Pedersen, T Bernhardt, P Selcher, C AF Kendall, Elizabeth Marshall, Robert Parris, Richard Todd Bhatt, Asti Coster, Anthea Pedersen, Todd Bernhardt, Paul Selcher, Craig TI Decameter structure in heater-induced airglow at the High frequency Active Auroral Research Program facility SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID IONOSPHERIC MODIFICATION EXPERIMENTS; ARTIFICIAL OPTICAL-EMISSIONS; PUMP-ENHANCED AIRGLOW; POWER RADIO-WAVES; SPORADIC-E; ARECIBO; DENSITY; PLASMA; HAARP; EXCITATION AB On 28 October 2008, small-scale rayed artificial airglow was observed at the High frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) heating facility by the HAARP telescopic imager. This airglow occurred during an experiment at twilight from 02551600 UT (1855-2000 LT) and with estimated scale sizes of 100 m (at assumed 225 km altitude) constitutes the smallest structure observed in artificial airglow to date. The rays appeared to be oriented along the geomagnetic field lines. During this period, other instruments, SuperDARN, GPS receivers, stimulated electromagnetic emissions receivers, also recorded unusual data sets with the general characteristic of time scales longer than anticipated for features to form. The experiment took place at the commencement of a small geomagnetic disturbance (Kp of 4.3). This unique observation is as yet unexplained. The airglow features start as large scale structures and then become smaller as heating continues in apparent contradiction to current theories on irregularity development. A thermal gradient instability at boundary of the ionospheric footprint of the plasmapause may be responsible for causing the small-scale structuring. Observations of 427.8 nm N-2(+) (first negative group) emissions indicate the presence of ionization. C1 [Kendall, Elizabeth] SRI Int, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Bhatt, Asti; Coster, Anthea] MIT, Haystack Observ, Westford, MA 01886 USA. [Bernhardt, Paul; Selcher, Craig] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Marshall, Robert] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Parris, Richard Todd] Univ Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Pedersen, Todd] USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Kendall, E (reprint author), SRI Int, 333 Ravenswood Ave, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM elizabeth.kendall@sri.com RI Marshall, Robert/D-4202-2015; Marshall, Robert/N-1396-2016; OI Marshall, Robert/0000-0003-0974-1609; Bhatt, Asti/0000-0002-8881-5348; Pedersen, Todd/0000-0002-6940-0112 FU High frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP); United States Air Force and Navy; Office of Naval Research [N00014-05-C-0369] FX Data for the basis of this paper were acquired through support from the High frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP), jointly managed by the United States Air Force and Navy. E. Kendall's efforts were supported through funding by the Office of Naval Research grant N00014-05-C-0369. The HAARP research at the Naval Research Laboratory was funded by the Office of Naval Research. NR 44 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD AUG 10 PY 2010 VL 115 AR A08306 DI 10.1029/2009JA015043 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 639FT UT WOS:000280958700004 ER PT J AU Peri, SR Kim, H Akgun, B Enlow, J Jiang, H Bunning, TJ Li, XF Foster, MD AF Peri, Someswara R. Kim, Hyeonjae Akgun, Bulent Enlow, Jesse Jiang, Hao Bunning, Timothy J. Li, Xuefa Foster, Mark D. TI Structure of copolymer films created by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE Plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition; Plasma copolymerization ID X-RAY REFLECTIVITY; POLYMER THIN-FILMS; FLUOROCARBON PLASMA; SILICON; SCATTERING; INJECTION; GROWTH; SIO2 AB The interface structure in copolymer films made using plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) has been probed for the first time using X-ray reflectivity. Copolymer films made from comonomers benzene (B), octafluorocyclobutane (OFCB), and hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDS) show extremely sharp interfaces and scattering length density depth profiles that are uniform with depth, making them useful for optical applications. The polymer/air interface has an rms roughness (similar to 5 angstrom) that is only slightly larger than that of the supporting substrate (similar to 3 angstrom). Addition of either benzene or HMDS as a comonomer in the deposition of OFCB alters a transient deposition behavior at the silicon oxide interface that occurs when using only OFCB. For the B-OFCB copolymer films, a facile control of refractive index with monomer feed composition is achieved. A nonlinear variation in the X-ray scattering length density with composition for the HMDS-OFCB copolymer films is consistent with the nonlinear visible light refractive index (632.8 nm) variation reported earlier. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Peri, Someswara R.; Kim, Hyeonjae; Akgun, Bulent; Foster, Mark D.] Univ Akron, Inst Polymer Sci & Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Enlow, Jesse; Jiang, Hao; Bunning, Timothy J.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Li, Xuefa] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Foster, MD (reprint author), Univ Akron, Inst Polymer Sci & Polymer Engn, 170 Univ Ave, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM mfoster@uakron.edu RI Akgun, Bulent/H-3798-2011 FU Collaborative Center for Polymer Photonics [49620-02-1-0428]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Air Force Research Laboratory; University of Akron; U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX SP thanks Sergei Lyuksyutov for help in doing AFM measurements and John Grant for help with XPS measurements. This research was funded by the Collaborative Center for Polymer Photonics (49620-02-1-0428) which is co-funded by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Air Force Research Laboratory, and The University of Akron. The authors appreciate access to beamline 1-BM and the assistance of Jin Wang and the SRI collaborative access team. Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 38 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD AUG 4 PY 2010 VL 51 IS 17 BP 3971 EP 3977 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2010.06.055 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 638MF UT WOS:000280898300020 ER PT J AU Christe, KO Dixon, DA Grant, DJ Haiges, R Tham, FS Vij, A Vij, V Wang, TH Wilson, WW AF Christe, Karl O. Dixon, David A. Grant, Daniel J. Haiges, Ralf Tham, Fook S. Vij, Ashwani Vij, Vandana Wang, Tsang-Hsiu Wilson, William W. TI Dinitrogen Difluoride Chemistry. Improved Syntheses of cis- and trans-N2F2, Synthesis and Characterization of N2F+Sn2F9-, Ordered Crystal Structure of N2F+Sb2F11-, High-Level Electronic Structure Calculations of cis-N2F2, trans-N2F2, F2N = N, and N2F+, and Mechanism of the trans-cis Isomerization of N2F2 SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CORRELATED MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; COUPLED-CLUSTER THEORY; POLYNITROGEN CHEMISTRY; VIBRATIONAL-SPECTRUM; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; TRIPLE EXCITATIONS; QUANTITATIVE SCALE; ATOMS ALUMINUM; DIFLUORODIAZINE AB N2F+ salts are important precursors in the synthesis of N-5(+) compounds, and better methods are reported for their larger scale production. A new, marginally stable N2F+ salt, N2F+Sn2F9-, was prepared and characterized. An ordered crystal structure was obtained for N2F+Sb2F11-, resulting in the first observation of individual N N and N-F bond distances for N2F+ in the solid phase. The observed N N and N-F bond distances of 1.089(9) and 1.257(8) angstrom, respectively, are among the shortest experimentally observed N-N and N-F bonds. High-level electronic structure calculations at the CCSD(T) level with correlation-consistent basis sets extrapolated to the complete basis limit show that cis-N2F2 is more stable than trans-N2F2 by 1.4 kcal/mol at 298 K. The calculations also demonstrate that the lowest uncatalyzed pathway for the trans-cis isomerization of N2F2 has a barrier of 60 kcal/mol and involves rotation about the N = N double bond. This barrier is substantially higher than the energy required for the dissociation of N2F2 to N-2 and 2 F. Therefore, some of the N2F2 dissociates before undergoing an uncatalyzed isomerization, with some of the dissociation products probably catalyzing the isomerization. Furthermore, it is shown that the trans-cis isomerization of N2F2 is catalyzed by strong Lewis acids, involves a planar transition state of symmetry C-s, and yields a 9:1 equilibrium mixture of cis-N2F2 and trans-N2F2. Explanations are given for the increased reactivity of cis-N2F2 with Lewis acids and the exclusive formation of cis-N2F2 in the reaction of N2F+ with F. The geometry and vibrational frequencies of the F2N = N isomer have also been calculated and imply strong contributions from ionic N2F+ F- resonance structures, similar to those in F3NO and FNO. C1 [Christe, Karl O.; Haiges, Ralf; Wilson, William W.] Univ So Calif, Loker Hydrocarbon Res Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Christe, Karl O.; Haiges, Ralf; Wilson, William W.] Univ So Calif, Dept Chem, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Dixon, David A.; Grant, Daniel J.; Wang, Tsang-Hsiu] Univ Alabama, Dept Chem, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Tham, Fook S.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Chem, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Vij, Ashwani; Vij, Vandana] USAF, Res Lab, Space & Missile Prop Div, AFRL RZS, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Christe, KO (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Loker Hydrocarbon Res Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM kchriste@usc.edu RI Vij, Ashwani/A-2836-2012; Christe, Karl/O-4885-2014; Haiges, Ralf/C-7314-2008 OI Vij, Ashwani/0000-0003-1144-4080; Christe, Karl/0000-0003-0661-5519; Haiges, Ralf/0000-0003-4151-3593 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; DARPA; Office of Naval Research; National Science Foundation; Department of Energy FX We gratefully acknowledge financial support of this work by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, DARPA, the Office of Naval Research, the National Science Foundation, and the Department of Energy. D.A.D. is indebted to the Robert Ramsay Endowment of the University of Alabama. NR 79 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD AUG 2 PY 2010 VL 49 IS 15 BP 6823 EP 6833 DI 10.1021/ic100471s PG 11 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 631RL UT WOS:000280365300017 PM 20465274 ER PT J AU Cook, G Reshetnyak, VY Ziolo, RF Basun, SA Banerjee, PP Evans, DR AF Cook, G. Reshetnyak, V. Yu. Ziolo, R. F. Basun, S. A. Banerjee, P. P. Evans, D. R. TI Asymmetric Freedericksz transitions from symmetric liquid crystal cells doped with harvested ferroelectric nanoparticles SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article AB The electrical Freedericksz transition characteristics of planar aligned liquid crystal cells doped with harvested single ferroelectric domain 9 nm nanoparticles of BaTiO3 have been measured. We demonstrate for the first time that the electrical pre-history of the cells imparts significant polarity sensitivity to the Freedericksz characteristics. The presence of harvested single domain ferroelectric nanoparticles enables cells to be programmably semi-permanently polarized. This reduces or increases the Freedericksz transition threshold by 0.8 V, depending on the polarity of the applied voltage, giving a net 1.6 V Freedericksz threshold asymmetry for 8 mu m thick cells filled with TL205 liquid crystal. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Cook, G.; Basun, S. A.; Evans, D. R.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Cook, G.; Basun, S. A.] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH USA. [Reshetnyak, V. Yu.] Natl Taras Shevchenko Univ Kyiv, Kiev, Ukraine. [Ziolo, R. F.] Ctr Invest Quim Aplicada, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico. [Banerjee, P. P.] Univ Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Cook, G (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM dean.evans@wpafb.af.mil RI Reshetnyak, Victor/B-6722-2008 OI Reshetnyak, Victor/0000-0003-0515-9814 FU EOARD [078001] FX We are very grateful to A. Glushchenko for providing the raw BaTiO3 nanoparticle material. This work was partly supported by EOARD Grant 078001 (VYR). NR 8 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 10 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD AUG 2 PY 2010 VL 18 IS 16 BP 17339 EP 17345 DI 10.1364/OE.18.017339 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 640IB UT WOS:000281042400107 PM 20721121 ER PT J AU Martin, JA Combs, JG AF Martin, John A. Combs, James G. TI Sarbanes-Oxley: Does the Cost Knock Your Socks Off? SO ACADEMY OF MANAGEMENT PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Book Review C1 [Martin, John A.] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Combs, James G.] Florida State Univ, Jim Moran Inst Global Entrepreneurship, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Martin, JA (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACAD MANAGEMENT PI BRIARCLIFF MANOR PA PACE UNIV, PO BOX 3020, 235 ELM RD, BRIARCLIFF MANOR, NY 10510-8020 USA SN 1558-9080 J9 ACAD MANAGE PERSPECT JI Acad. Manag. Perspect. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 24 IS 3 BP 103 EP 105 PG 3 WC Management SC Business & Economics GA 643JX UT WOS:000281293700011 ER PT J AU Martin, JA Davis, KJ AF Martin, John A. Davis, Kevin J. TI Late in the Game: How Does a Short Time Horizon Impact CEO Decision Making? SO ACADEMY OF MANAGEMENT PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Book Review C1 [Martin, John A.; Davis, Kevin J.] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Martin, JA (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU ACAD MANAGEMENT PI BRIARCLIFF MANOR PA PACE UNIV, PO BOX 3020, 235 ELM RD, BRIARCLIFF MANOR, NY 10510-8020 USA SN 1558-9080 J9 ACAD MANAGE PERSPECT JI Acad. Manag. Perspect. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 24 IS 3 BP 105 EP 106 PG 2 WC Management SC Business & Economics GA 643JX UT WOS:000281293700012 ER PT J AU Anderson, KD Marczewski, K Singamaneni, S Slocik, JM Jakubiak, R Naik, RR Bunning, TJ Tsukruk, VV AF Anderson, Kyle D. Marczewski, Kamil Singamaneni, Srikanth Slocik, Joseph M. Jakubiak, Rachel Naik, Rajesh R. Bunning, Timothy J. Tsukruk, Vladimir V. TI Plasma Amino Acid Coatings for a Conformal Growth of Titania Nanoparticles SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition; titania nanoparticles; histidine coatings; conformal modification ID TIO2 THIN-FILMS; ATOMIC LAYER DEPOSITION; SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPY; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; PHOTONIC CRYSTALS; INTERFERENCE LITHOGRAPHY; SILVER NANOPARTICLES; RESPONSIVE SURFACES; HOLOGRAPHIC LITHOGRAPHY; BIOINSPIRED SYNTHESIS AB We report on the conformal synthesis of ultrathin films from the aminoacid histidine on flat silicon substrates and 3D periodic polymer structures via plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition. We demonstrate the efficient utilization of this functional amino acid nanocoating for the formation of individual titania nanoparticles with dimensions from 2 to 15 nm depending upon reduction conditions. The titania nanoparticles were grown directly on histidine-functionalized planar and 3D polymer substrates by a wet-chemistry method that showed uniform surface coverage that reached approximately 75%. This approach demonstrates the potential for modifying the optical properties of periodic porous polymeric structures via direct conformal growth of titania nanoparticles. C1 [Anderson, Kyle D.; Marczewski, Kamil; Singamaneni, Srikanth; Tsukruk, Vladimir V.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Slocik, Joseph M.; Jakubiak, Rachel; Naik, Rajesh R.; Bunning, Timothy J.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Tsukruk, VV (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM vladimir@mse.gatech.edu RI Singamaneni, Srikanth/A-8010-2008 FU Air Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-08-1-0446, FA9550-09-1-0162]; Air Force Research Lab; NDSEG Fellowship FX This work is supported by the Air Office of Scientific Research FA9550-08-1-0446 and FA9550-09-1-0162 Projects and Air Force Research Lab and the NDSEG Fellowship (K.A.). The authors thank Dr. Ray Gunawidjaja and Dr. Kurt Eyink (WPAFB) for technical assistance with ellipsometry, Dr. Matthew Dickerson (WPAFB) for useful discussions, and Prof. E. L. Thomas' group at MIT for providing the IL structures. NR 93 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD AUG PY 2010 VL 2 IS 8 BP 2269 EP 2281 DI 10.1021/am1003365 PG 13 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 641FD UT WOS:000281109300017 PM 20735097 ER PT J AU Semiatin, SL Shanahan, BW Meisenkothen, F AF Semiatin, S. L. Shanahan, B. W. Meisenkothen, F. TI Hot rolling of gamma titanium aluminide foil SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Titanium aluminides; Rolling; Deformation inhomogeneities; Annealing; Spheroidization ID PLASTIC-FLOW BEHAVIOR; MICROSTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT; LAMELLAR STRUCTURE; ALLOYS; WORKING; DEFORMATION; TI-6AL-4V; INTERDIFFUSION; CRYSTALS AB Metal flow and microstructure evolution during the thermomechanical processing of thin-gage foil of a near-gamma titanium aluminide alloy, Ti-45.5Al-2Cr-2Nb, with an equiaxed-gamma microstructure was investigated experimentally and theoretically. Foils of thickness of 200-250 mu m were fabricated via hot rolling of sheet in a can of proprietary design. The variation in gage of the rolled foils was +/- 15 mu m except in very sporadic (local) areas, with variations of approximately 60 mu m relative to the mean. Metallography revealed that the larger thickness variations were associated with large remnant colonies lying in a hard orientation for deformation. To rationalize these observations, a self-consistent model was used to estimate the strain partitioning between the softer (equiaxed-gamma) matrix and the remnant colonies. Furthermore, the efficacy of pre- or post-rolling heat treatment in eliminating remnant colonies was demonstrated and quantified using a static-spheroidization model. The elimination of remnant colonies via spheroidization prior to foil rolling gave rise to improved gage control. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 [Semiatin, S. L.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Shanahan, B. W.] Univ Dayton, Dayton, OH 45409 USA. [Meisenkothen, F.] Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Semiatin, SL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM lee.semiatin@wpafb.af.mil RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 FU Laboratory management; Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Air Force [FA8650-09-2-5800, FA8650-08-D-5200] FX This work was conducted as part of the in-house research activities of the Metals Processing Group of the Air Force Research Laboratory's Materials and Manufacturing Directorate. The support and encouragement of the Laboratory management and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Dr. Joan Fuller, program manager) are gratefully acknowledged. The assistance of T. Brown, J. Brown, T. Goff and G. Wiseman in conducting the experimental work is much appreciated. Two of the authors were supported through Air Force Contracts FA8650-09-2-5800 (B.W.S.) and FA8650-08-D-5200 (F.M.). NR 34 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 58 IS 13 BP 4446 EP 4457 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2010.04.042 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 623ZY UT WOS:000279787100016 ER PT J AU Georgiadis, NJ Rizzetta, DP Fureby, C AF Georgiadis, Nicholas J. Rizzetta, Donald P. Fureby, Christer TI Large-Eddy Simulation: Current Capabilities, Recommended Practices, and Future Research SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 47th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit Including the New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition CY JAN 05-08, 2009 CL Orlando, FL SP AIAA ID DIRECT NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; TURBULENT-BOUNDARY-LAYER; SUBGRID-SCALE MODEL; COMPRESSION-RAMP FLOW; NAVIER-STOKES; DIRECT COMPUTATION; AERODYNAMIC SOUND; INFLOW CONDITIONS; REYNOLDS-NUMBER; REACTING FLOWS AB Usage of large-eddy simulation (LES) methods for calculation of turbulent flows has increased substantially in recent years. This paper attempts to 1) provide an assessment of the current capabilities of LES, 2) outline some recommended practices for using LES, and 3) identify future research needs. The assessment considers flow problems for which LES can be successfully applied today and flow problems for which LES still has limitations. The availability of LES and hybrid Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS)/LES in general-purpose codes is discussed. Several important issues for which the LES community has not yet reached a consensus are discussed. These include grid sensitivity studies, application of unstructured grid methods, upwind-biased solvers, and turbulence (subgrid) modeling including continuous hybrid RANS/LES approaches. A section on recommended practices and key considerations tries to provide guidance on some of the important items that need to be addressed in using LES. The paper concludes with a discussion of future research directions, with a focus on work needed to advance the capabilities and reliability of LES for analysis of turbulent flows. C1 [Georgiadis, Nicholas J.] NASA, John H Glenn Res Ctr Lewis Field, Inlet & Nozzle Branch, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Rizzetta, Donald P.] USAF, Res Lab, Computat Sci Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Fureby, Christer] Chalmers, Swedish Def Res Agcy FOI, Dept Shipping & Marine Technol, S-14725 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Georgiadis, NJ (reprint author), NASA, John H Glenn Res Ctr Lewis Field, Inlet & Nozzle Branch, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 107 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 EI 1533-385X J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 48 IS 8 BP 1772 EP 1784 DI 10.2514/1.J050232 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 636HB UT WOS:000280721300017 ER PT J AU Laine, RM Vaia, RA Kuroda, K Matsukawa, K Matsuda, H Sugihara, Y AF Laine, Richard M. Vaia, Richard A. Kuroda, Kazuyuki Matsukawa, Kimihiro Matsuda, Hirokazu Sugihara, Yoshiyuki TI SPECIAL ISSUE Future Trends in Organic/Inorganic Nanocomposite Hybrid Materials Preface SO APPLIED ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Laine, Richard M.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Vaia, Richard A.] USAF, Nanostruct & Biol Mat Branch, Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. [Kuroda, Kazuyuki; Sugihara, Yoshiyuki] Waseda Univ, Dept Appl Chem, Tokyo 169, Japan. [Matsukawa, Kimihiro] Osaka Municipal Tech Res Inst, Elect Mat Res Div, Osaka 536, Japan. [Matsuda, Hirokazu] Daicel Chem Ind Ltd, Himeji, Hyogo, Japan. RP Laine, RM (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 9 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0268-2605 J9 APPL ORGANOMET CHEM JI Appl. Organomet. Chem. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 24 IS 8 SI SI BP 539 EP 539 DI 10.1002/aoc.1700 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 634XZ UT WOS:000280620900001 ER PT J AU MacCuspie, RI Elsen, AM Diamanti, SJ Patton, ST Altfeder, I Jacobs, JD Voevodin, AA Vaia, RA AF MacCuspie, Robert I. Elsen, Andrea M. Diamanti, Steve J. Patton, Steve T. Altfeder, Igor Jacobs, J. David Voevodin, Andrey A. Vaia, Richard A. TI Purification - chemical structure - electrical property relationship in gold nanoparticle liquids SO APPLIED ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Future Trends in Organic/Inorganic Nanocomposite Hybrid Materiald CY MAY, 2009 CL Himeji, JAPAN DE nanoparticle liquids; gold nanoparticles; RF-MEMS switch; XPS ID SURFACE-FUNCTIONALIZED NANOPARTICLES; LIGAND-EXCHANGE; CONDUCTING NANOCOMPOSITES; UNDECAGOLD CLUSTERS; METAL NANOPARTICLES; AU NANOPARTICLES; BEHAVIOR; MONOLAYER; DYNAMICS; MECHANISM AB Macroscopic assemblies of nanoparticles with fluid like characteristics, i.e. nanoparticle liquids (NPLs), are a new class of materials that exhibit unique properties compared with dispersions of nanoparticles in a molecularly distinct matrix phase. By focusing on reaction ratios, techniques to maximize concentration of reactants and quantification of chemical content during washing steps, a high degree of control over the purity of NPLs was maintained while allowing for easy scalability in batch sizes and synthesis throughput. A range of tertiary amines and quaternary ammoniums were used to successfully synthesize Au NPLs from a range of Au nanoparticles with nominal diameters from 6 to 20 nm and initially stabilized with either citrate or dodecanethiol. Stable Au NPLs after purification exhibited a sub-equivalence ratio of canopy to ligand molecules within the corona. This small canopy density most likely arose from the incommensurate areal density of anionic charge within the ligand shell relative to the larger size of the cationic canopy molecule, resulting in a population of cation-anion pairs too weakly bound to be retained in the initial assembly of the canopy post-purification. Finally, increasing either the volume fraction or molecular weight of the canopy was found to increase exponentially the electrical resistance of the bulk NPLs. Removal of excess canopy molecules created a conductive Au NPL that improved hot-current switching durability by at least two orders of magnitude beyond prior reports. Published in 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Vaia, Richard A.] USAF, Res Lab, RXBN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [MacCuspie, Robert I.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Patton, Steve T.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Vaia, RA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, RXBN, 2941 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM richard.vaia@wpafb.afmil RI Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013; OI MacCuspie, Robert/0000-0002-6618-6499 NR 66 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 25 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0268-2605 J9 APPL ORGANOMET CHEM JI Appl. Organomet. Chem. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 24 IS 8 SI SI BP 590 EP 599 DI 10.1002/aoc.1632 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 634XZ UT WOS:000280620900011 ER PT J AU Gore, RK Webb, TS Hermes, EDA AF Gore, Russell K. Webb, Timothy S. Hermes, Eric D. A. TI Fatigue and Stimulant Use in Military Fighter Aircrew During Combat Operations SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE fatigue; etiology; physiopathology; prevention and control; central nervous system stimulants; therapeutic use; sleep deprivation/prevention and control ID SLEEP-DEPRIVATION; PERFORMANCE; MODAFINIL; AVIATION; COUNTERMEASURES; ALERTNESS; SIMULATOR; CAFFEINE; RHYTHMS AB Introduction: Fatigue in military aviation is a significant safety and operational problem resulting in diminished alertness and performance. Research demonstrates that stimulant medications maintain alertness and performance in sleep-deprived aircrew. However, these studies control many of the variables present during combat operations. Few studies have evaluated fatigue or the factors and effects associated with stimulant use in fighter aircrew during combat operations. Methods: The study consisted of three questionnaires administered to 29 deployed F-15E aircrew participants. An initial questionnaire compiled demographic and sleep behavior data. Pre- and postflight questionnaires for each sortie collected substance use, fatigue, and physical symptoms data. Regression analysis identified variables associated with in-flight stimulant use. Results: Surveys were completed for 111 sorties averaging 7.6 h in duration. Stimulants were used on 35% of sorties an average of 2.8 h after takeoff. Stimulant use was associated with a decrease in in-flight and postflight fatigue without significant differences in postflight symptoms. Sorties airborne during the circadian trough, longer sortie durations, and preflight hypnotic use displayed statistically significant associations with in-flight stimulant use. Conclusions: In-flight stimulants decrease fatigue during combat operations without significant postflight symptoms. During combat, stimulants were used earlier, at lower doses, and on shorter sorties than previously thought. The factors associated with stimulant use are potentially modifiable by improving training and aircrew scheduling practices. Furthermore, current policies authorizing stimulant use, based primarily on sortie duration, should also consider hypnotic use, inconsistent aircrew scheduling, and circadian disruption. C1 [Gore, Russell K.; Webb, Timothy S.; Hermes, Eric D. A.] USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Vulnerabil Anal Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Webb, TS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Vulnerabil Anal Branch, 711HPW RHPA,2800 Q St,Bldg 824,Rm 206, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM timothy.webb@wpafb.af.mil RI Gore, Russell/N-8988-2016 OI Gore, Russell/0000-0002-8012-1579 NR 24 TC 10 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 10 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 81 IS 8 BP 719 EP 727 DI 10.3357/ASEM.2755.2010 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 632MH UT WOS:000280428300001 PM 20681231 ER PT J AU Ibey, BL Mixon, DG Payne, JA Bowman, A Sickendick, K Wilmink, GJ Roach, WP Pakhomov, AG AF Ibey, Bennett L. Mixon, Dustin G. Payne, Jason A. Bowman, Angela Sickendick, Karl Wilmink, Gerald J. Roach, W. Patrick Pakhomov, Andrei G. TI Plasma membrane permeabilization by trains of ultrashort electric pulses SO BIOELECTROCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Ultrashort electric pulses; Electroporation; Patch clamp; Membrane ID HIGH-INTENSITY; FIELD NSPEF; NANOSECOND; CELLS; MECHANISMS; APOPTOSIS; DAMAGE AB Ultrashort electric pulses (USEP) cause long-lasting increase of cell membrane electrical conductance, and that a single USEP increased cell membrane electrical conductance proportionally to the absorbed dose (AD) with a threshold of about 10 mJ/g. The present study extends quantification of the membrane permeabilization effect to multiple USEP and employed a more accurate protocol that identified USEP effect as the difference between post- and pre-exposure conductance values (Delta g) in individual cells. We showed that Delta g can be increased by either increasing the number of pulses at a constant E-field, or by increasing the E-field at a constant number of pulses. For 60-ns pulses, an E-field threshold of 6 kV/cm for a single pulse was lowered to less than 1.7 kV/cm by applying 100-pulse or longer trains. However, the reduction of the E-field threshold was only achieved at the expense of a higher AD compared to a single pulse exposure. Furthermore, the effect of multiple pulses was not fully determined by AD, suggesting that cells permeabilized by the first pulse(s) in the train become less vulnerable to subsequent pulses. This explanation was corroborated by a model that treated multiple-pulse exposures as a series of single-pulse exposures and assumed an exponential decline of cell susceptibility to USEP as Delta g increased after each pulse during the course of the train. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ibey, Bennett L.; Mixon, Dustin G.; Payne, Jason A.; Sickendick, Karl; Wilmink, Gerald J.; Roach, W. Patrick] USAF, Res Lab, Radio Frequency Radiat Branch, San Antonio, TX USA. [Bowman, Angela; Pakhomov, Andrei G.] Old Dominion Univ, Frank Reidy Res Ctr Bioelect, Norfolk, VA USA. RP Ibey, BL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Radio Frequency Radiat Branch, 711th Human Performance Wing, San Antonio, TX USA. EM Bennettlbey@gmail.com FU National Cancer Institute [NIH R01CA125482]; Air Force Research Laboratory; HQAF SGRS Clinical Investigation Program FX The authors thank Michael Knight (Radio Frequency Radiation Branch, Brooks-City Base, Texas) for his help with FDTD modeling of the delivery E-field and Caleb C. Roth (General Dynamics Advanced Information Services, Brooks City-Base, Texas) for cell culturing. The study was supported in part by NIH R01CA125482 from the National Cancer Institute (AGP), by Air Force Research Laboratory Fellows, and by a grant "Neurological Impacts of Nanosecond Electric Pulse Exposure" from HQAF SGRS Clinical Investigation Program (BLI). NR 25 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 1567-5394 J9 BIOELECTROCHEMISTRY JI Bioelectrochemistry PD AUG PY 2010 VL 79 IS 1 BP 114 EP 121 DI 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2010.01.001 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Biophysics; Electrochemistry SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Electrochemistry GA 609OL UT WOS:000278666300019 PM 20171148 ER PT J AU Varanasi, C Petry, J Brunke, L Yang, BT Lanter, W Burke, J Wang, H Bulmer, JS Scofield, J Barnes, PN AF Varanasi, C. Petry, J. Brunke, L. Yang, B. T. Lanter, W. Burke, J. Wang, H. Bulmer, J. S. Scofield, J. Barnes, P. N. TI Growth of high-quality carbon nanotubes on free-standing diamond substrates SO CARBON LA English DT Article ID THERMAL INTERFACE MATERIALS; FILMS; ARRAYS; RAMAN; SPECTROSCOPY; ENHANCEMENT; DEVICES AB Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were grown on diamond-coated Si substrates and free-standing diamond wafers to develop efficient thermal interface materials for thermal management applications. High-quality, translucent, free-standing diamond substrates were processed in a 5 kW microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (CVD) system using CH(4) as precursor. Ni and Ni-9%W-1.5%Fe catalyst islands were deposited to nucleate CNTs directly onto the diamond substrates. Randomly-oriented multi-walled CNTs forming a mat of similar to 5 mu m thickness and consisting of similar to 20 nm diameter tubes were observed to grow in a thermal CVD system using C(2)H(2) as precursor. Transmission electron microscopy and Raman analyses confirmed the presence of high-quality CNTs on diamond showing a DIG peak ratio of 0.2-0.3 in Raman spectra. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Varanasi, C.] USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Varanasi, C.; Brunke, L.; Burke, J.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Lanter, W.] Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. [Wang, H.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Petry, J.; Yang, B. T.; Bulmer, J. S.; Scofield, J.; Barnes, P. N.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Varanasi, C (reprint author), USA, Res Off, POB 12211, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM pani.varanasi@us.army.mil RI Wang, Haiyan/P-3550-2014 OI Wang, Haiyan/0000-0002-7397-1209 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Propulsion Directorate of AFRL FX The authors thank Larry Christy for his assistance in processing some of the samples. The Air Force Office of Scientific Research and the Propulsion Directorate of AFRL provided the financial support of this work. NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PD AUG PY 2010 VL 48 IS 9 BP 2442 EP 2446 DI 10.1016/j.carbon.2010.03.013 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 608LK UT WOS:000278585400008 ER PT J AU Boxx, I Stohr, M Carter, C Meier, W AF Boxx, I. Stoehr, M. Carter, C. Meier, W. TI Temporally resolved planar measurements of transient phenomena in a partially pre-mixed swirl flame in a gas turbine model combustor SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE kHz OH-PLIF; kHz PIV; Swirl flame; Turbulent flame; Combustion diagnostics; Precessing vortex core; Auto-ignition; Local extinction; Gas turbine model combustor ID TURBULENT PREMIXED FLAMES; LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; PRECESSING VORTEX CORE; PIV MEASUREMENTS; COHERENT STRUCTURES; STEREOSCOPIC PIV; RAMAN-SCATTERING; UNSTEADY-FLOW; HIGH-PRESSURE; JET FLAMES AB This paper presents observations and analysis of the time-dependent behavior of a 10 kW partially pre-mixed, swirl-stabilized methane-air flame exhibiting self-excited thermo-acoustic oscillations. This analysis is based on a series of measurements wherein particle image velocimetry (PIV) and planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) of the OH radical were performed simultaneously at 5 kHz repetition rate over durations of 0.8 s. Chemiluminescence imaging of the OH* radical was performed separately, also at 5 kHz over 0.8 s acquisition runs. These measurements were of sufficient sampling frequency and duration to extract usable spatial and temporal frequency information on the medium to large-scale flow-field and heat-release characteristics of the flame. This analysis is used to more fully characterize the interaction between the self-excited thermo-acoustic oscillations and the dominant flow-field structure of this flame, a precessing vortex core (PVC) present in the inner recirculation zone. Interpretation of individual measurement sequences yielded insight into various physical phenomena and the underlying mechanisms driving flame dynamics. It is observed for this flame that location of the reaction zone tracks large-scale fluctuations in axial velocity and also conforms to the passage of large-scale vortical structures through the flow-field. Local extinction of the reaction zone in regions of persistently high principal compressive strain is observed. Such extinctions, however, are seen to be self healing and thus do not induce blowout. Indications of auto-ignition in regions of unburned gas near the exit are also observed. Probable auto-ignition events are frequently observed coincident with the centers of large-scale vortical structures, suggesting the phenomenon is linked to the enhanced mixing and longer residence times associated with fluid at the core of the PVC as it moves through the flame. (C) 2009 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Boxx, I.; Stoehr, M.; Meier, W.] Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt DLR, Inst Verbrennungstech, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. [Carter, C.] USAF, Res Lab AFRL PRAS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Boxx, I (reprint author), Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt DLR, Inst Verbrennungstech, Pfaffenwaldring 38-40, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. EM Isaac.Boxx@dlr.de FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) FX Campbell Carter acknowledges support of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) Windows on Europe Program. NR 78 TC 85 Z9 90 U1 7 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD AUG PY 2010 VL 157 IS 8 BP 1510 EP 1525 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2009.12.015 PG 16 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 617SF UT WOS:000279300800007 ER PT J AU Schmalbach, CE Webb, DE Weitzel, EK AF Schmalbach, Cecelia E. Webb, David E. Weitzel, Erik K. TI Anterior skull base reconstruction: a review of current techniques SO CURRENT OPINION IN OTOLARYNGOLOGY & HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article DE anterior skull base; microvascular surgery; reconstruction ID FREE TISSUE TRANSFER; ACELLULAR DERMAL ALLOGRAFT; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID LEAKS; PERICRANIAL FLAP; NECK RECONSTRUCTION; ENDOSCOPIC RECONSTRUCTION; HYDROXYAPATITE CEMENT; TUMOR RESECTION; FASCIAL FLAP; DEFECTS AB Purpose of review The purpose of this review is to discuss current reconstructive options in anterior skull base reconstruction. Recent findings Free tissue transfer has superseded regional myocutaneous flaps in the reconstruction of large anterior skull base defects. Local flaps remain the mainstay for smaller defects. A host of nonautologous biomaterials are also used in the setting of small-to-moderate-sized defects requiring rigid support. They should not be used in the setting of radiation owing to the high extrusion rate. Lastly, the advent of endoscopic tumor resection has introduced a variety of local flaps amenable to endoscopic reconstruction. Summary The last decade has experienced a growth in anterior skull base reconstructive options owing to improvements in microvascular technique, endoscopic equipment, image guidance, and biomaterials. As a result, the choices in reconstructive technique have expanded, allowing for more radical tumor extirpations. C1 [Schmalbach, Cecelia E.; Webb, David E.; Weitzel, Erik K.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Schmalbach, CE (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM Cecelia.Schmalbach@lackland.af.mil OI Weitzel, Erik/0000-0001-9155-3556 NR 48 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1068-9508 J9 CURR OPIN OTOLARYNGO JI Curr. Opin. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 18 IS 4 BP 238 EP 243 DI 10.1097/MOO.0b013e32833a4706 PG 6 WC Otorhinolaryngology SC Otorhinolaryngology GA 625IQ UT WOS:000279889100004 PM 20543699 ER PT J AU Okolica, J Peterson, GL AF Okolica, James Peterson, Gilbert L. TI Windows operating systems agnostic memory analysis SO DIGITAL INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Annual DFRWS Conference CY AUG 02-04, 2010 CL Portland, OR DE Memory forensics; Microsoft windows; PDB files; Operating system discovery; Processes; Registry files; Network activity AB Memory analysis is an integral part of any computer forensic investigation, providing access to volatile data not found on a drive image. While memory analysis has recently made significant progress, it is still hampered by hard-coded tools that cannot generalize beyond the specific operating system and version they were developed for. This paper proposes using the debug structures embedded in memory dumps and Microsoft's program database (PDB) files to create a flexible tool that takes an arbitrary memory dump from any of the family of Windows NT operating systems and extract process, configuration, and network activity information. The debug structures and PDB files are incorporated into a memory analysis tool and tested against dumps from 32-bit Windows XP with physical address extensions (PAE) enabled and disabled, 32-bit Windows Vista with PAE enabled, and 64-bit Windows 7 systems. The results show the analysis tool is able to identify and parse an arbitrary memory dump and extract process, registry, and network communication information. (C) 2010 Digital Forensic Research Workshop. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Okolica, James; Peterson, Gilbert L.] USAF, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Okolica, J (reprint author), USAF, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM jokolica@afit.edu; gpeterson@afit.edu NR 17 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1742-2876 J9 DIGIT INVEST JI Digit. Investig. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 7 SU 1 BP S48 EP S56 DI 10.1016/j.diin.2010.05.007 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA 639XP UT WOS:000281010700007 ER PT J AU Sedarsky, D Paciaroni, M Berrocal, E Petterson, P Zelina, J Gord, J Linne, M AF Sedarsky, David Paciaroni, Megan Berrocal, Edouard Petterson, Per Zelina, Joseph Gord, James Linne, Mark TI Model validation image data for breakup of a liquid jet in crossflow: part I SO EXPERIMENTS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID DENSE SPRAYS; SINGLE-SHOT; DIAGNOSTICS; CORE AB We have applied three different imaging diagnostics: particle imaging velocimetry, high-speed shadowgraphy, and ballistic imaging, to observe the breakup of a liquid jet in a crossflow of air under a variety of conditions. The experimental system was designed to provide well-controlled conditions with minimal amounts of turbulence in the liquid jet and the gaseous crossflow. A variety of Weber numbers and momentum flux ratios were studied in order to provide a sizable data set for the validation of computational models. This paper briefly describes the three spray imaging techniques, outlines the results obtained to-date, and tabulates image statistics for each of ten spray conditions at varying distances from the spray nozzle orifice. The end result is a first installment in what will become a comprehensive model validation data set for jets in crossflow for use by computational fluid dynamics modelers. C1 [Sedarsky, David; Paciaroni, Megan; Berrocal, Edouard; Petterson, Per] Lund Univ, Lund, Sweden. [Zelina, Joseph; Gord, James] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. [Linne, Mark] Chalmers Univ, Div Combust, Dept Appl Mech, Gothenburg, Sweden. RP Sedarsky, D (reprint author), Lund Univ, Lund, Sweden. EM david.sedarsky@forbrf.lth.se RI Paciaroni, Megan/L-9619-2013; OI Paciaroni, Megan/0000-0002-6320-0291; Sedarsky, David/0000-0003-3012-9596 FU Swedish Research Council [621-2004-5504]; Air Force EOARD [FA8655-06-1-3031]; Swedish Energy Agency; Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research; Centre for Combustion Science and Technology FX Dr. Sedarsky was supported by the Swedish Research Council grant no. 621-2004-5504 and Air Force EOARD grant no. FA8655-06-1-3031. Dr. Paciaroni was supported by the Swedish Energy Agency and Dr. Berrocal has been financed by the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research, both postdoctoral fellowships through the Centre for Combustion Science and Technology. NR 32 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0723-4864 J9 EXP FLUIDS JI Exp. Fluids PD AUG PY 2010 VL 49 IS 2 BP 391 EP 408 DI 10.1007/s00348-009-0807-2 PG 18 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 623AQ UT WOS:000279709300004 ER PT J AU Huggins, KR McGrath, MA Zheng, YAF Ewing, RL AF Huggins, Kevin R. McGrath, Michael A. Zheng, Yuan F. Ewing, Robert L. TI Computer Vision Localization Based on Pseudo-Satellites SO IEEE AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article AB In following the "Signals of Opportunity" theme of the NAECON '09 Grand Challenge, we explore the use of computer-vision techniques for localization and orientation techniques to complement navigation via the pseudo-satellite tecbnique proposed in [3]. The proposed approach is not affected by the strength of the microwave, and is more accurate than the conventional time of arrival approaches. Methods based on limited and varying information of markers is discussed. Simple applications and experimentation based on augmenting a motorized wheelchair for vision applications is discussed. C1 [Huggins, Kevin R.; McGrath, Michael A.; Zheng, Yuan F.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Ewing, Robert L.] USAF, Sensors Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Huggins, KR (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0885-8985 J9 IEEE AERO EL SYS MAG JI IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 25 IS 8 BP 4 EP 10 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 666YB UT WOS:000283157600002 ER PT J AU Ding, KH Xu, XL Tsang, L AF Ding, Kung-Hau Xu, Xiaolan Tsang, Leung TI Electromagnetic Scattering by Bicontinuous Random Microstructures With Discrete Permittivities SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Bicontinuous media; dense media; discrete dipole approximation; discrete ransom media; frequency dependence; NMM3D; volume scattering ID DENSE MEDIA; DRY-SNOW; FREQUENCY-DEPENDENCE; MODEL; APPROXIMATION; SIMULATIONS; EXTINCTION; EQUATIONS AB For electromagnetic (EM) scattering by dense media, the traditional approach is to use particles of spheres or ellipsoids that are densely and randomly packed in a background medium. The particles have discrete permittivities that are different from the background medium. The dense-medium model has been applied to the microwave remote sensing of terrestrial snow. In this paper, we propose a different approach of using a bicontinuous medium with discrete permittivities and study the EM scattering properties using analytical and numerical methods. The bicontinuous medium is a continuous representation of interfaces between inhomogeneities within the medium. Discrete permittivities are then assigned to the inhomogeneities of the structure. The analytical approach is based on the Born approximation using the derived analytical correlation functions. The numerical method is based on the numerical Maxwell model of 3-D (NMM3D) approach. In particular, the discrete-dipole approximation and the conjugate gradient-squared method accelerated by the fast Fourier transform technique are used in solving the volume integral equation. Scattering results of analytical and numerical approaches are compared. Numerical results are illustrated using parameters in microwave remote sensing of terrestrial snow. In the NMM3D simulations, three kinds of convergence tests are conducted, viz., convergence with respect to the discretization size, convergence with respect to the sample size, and convergence with respect to the number of realization. The NMM3D results indicate that the scattering by the bicontinuous medium with a broader size distribution has a weaker frequency dependence than that by the medium with a more narrow size distribution. The frequency-dependence power law index can be lower than two, which is very much lower than the power of four in Rayleigh scattering. The NMM3D results also exhibit fairly large cross-polarization returns which account for the local nonisotropic microstructures of bicontinuous media, although the medium is statistically isotropic. C1 [Ding, Kung-Hau] Hanscom AFB, USAF, Res Lab, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. [Xu, Xiaolan; Tsang, Leung] Univ Washington, Dept Elect Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Ding, KH (reprint author), Hanscom AFB, USAF, Res Lab, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. EM kung-hau.ding@hanscom.af.mil; xlxu@ee.washington.edu; tsang@ee.washington.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX Manuscript received March 31, 2009; revised September 10, 2009. Date of publication April 8, 2010; date of current version July 21, 2010. This work was supported in part by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and in part by the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 21 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD AUG PY 2010 VL 48 IS 8 BP 3139 EP 3151 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2010.2043953 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 656FC UT WOS:000282310600009 ER PT J AU Turchi, PJ Roderick, NF Degnan, JH Frese, MH Amdahl, DJ AF Turchi, Peter J. Roderick, Norman F. Degnan, James H. Frese, Michael H. Amdahl, David J. TI Review of Some Plasma Gun Techniques for Fusion at Megagauss Energy Densities SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Megagauss; nuclear fusion; plasma guns ID FLOW SWITCH; ELECTROMAGNETIC-IMPLOSION; LINER COMPRESSION; GENERATION; SPEED; FIELD AB Plasma guns offer opportunities to generate and direct plasma flows at high energy density. Typically, such guns comprise coaxial electrodes that are connected to high-current sources (e. g., capacitor banks, pulse lines, inductive stores, or magnetic-flux-compression generators). The basic interactions include ionization of materials such as injected gas or preinstalled wires/foils, acceleration of these materials by the Lorentz force, and expulsion of the resulting plasma flows. We review the use of a particular arrangement in the form of a plasma flow switch that acts as a multimegampere commutator, but it can also provide a magnetized-plasma target for compression by an imploding liner. In a quite separate concept, a plurality of quasi-steady plasma guns in a spherical array provides converging, collimated jets to compress plasma with stand-off from the plasma generators and chamber walls. Such stand-off in a repetitively pulsed system can be crucial for the development of fusion power reactors at megagauss energy densities. C1 [Turchi, Peter J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Roderick, Norman F.; Frese, Michael H.] NumerEx, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Degnan, James H.; Amdahl, David J.] USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Turchi, PJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 38 IS 8 BP 1864 EP 1873 DI 10.1109/TPS.2010.2051043 PN 1 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 664LI UT WOS:000282961100025 ER PT J AU Mattie, DR Hoffman, GM Narayanan, L Sterner, TR Wagner, MJ Dodd, DE AF Mattie, David R. Hoffman, Gary M. Narayanan, Latha Sterner, Teresa R. Wagner, Michael J. Dodd, Darol E. TI A 13-week nose-only inhalation toxicity study for perfluoro-n-butyl iodide (PFBI) in rats with recommended occupational exposure levels SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Inhalation toxicity; 90-day study; solvents; CFC replacement; hormones; thyroid; TSH; male and female rats; health hazard assessment; occupational exposure limit ID CANDIDATES TRIFLUOROIODOMETHANE CF3I; ZERO DOSE CONTROL AB A 13-week study was conducted to develop occupational exposure limits (OELs) for the solvent perfluoro-n-butyl iodide (PFBI). Fischer 344 rats (15 males & 10 females per group) were exposed for 6 h/day to 0 (air control), 500, 1500, or 5000 ppm PFBI vapor for 5 days/week for 13 consecutive weeks (at least 65 exposures) followed by a 4-week recovery period. Clinical observations, body weights, clinical pathology, organ weights, and histopathology as well as detailed evaluations of neurotoxicity and thyroid function parameters were conducted at the end of the treatment period for up to 10 animals/sex/group with 5 males/group held for a 4-week recovery period. Findings in the thyroid target tissue consisted of a minimal thyroid follicular cell hypertrophy occasionally accompanied by hyperplasia, but without an increase in thyroid weight in the 500, 1500, and 5000 ppm males. At >= 500 ppm, there was also increased thyroid stimulating hormone in females and increased T-3 and T-4 in animals of both sexes. These effects resolved following a 4-week recovery period in the males evaluated. Minor clinical pathology variations in all PFBI exposure groups were not considered biologically significant. A 9.4% reduction in absolute body weight in the 5000 ppm males was observed. Dosimetric adjustments for daily exposure time and uncertainty factors were selected to provide a basis for the proposed OELs. For acute (single event) exposures, a ceiling OEL of 3900 ppm, and for repeated exposures, an 8-h time-weighted average of 40 ppm PFBI were proposed. C1 [Hoffman, Gary M.] Huntingdon Life Sci, E Millstone, NJ USA. [Narayanan, Latha; Sterner, Teresa R.] Henry M Jackson Fdn Adv Mil Med, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Dodd, Darol E.] Hamner Inst Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Mattie, DR (reprint author), 711 HPW RHPBA,2729 R St,Bldg 837, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. EM david.mattie@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force through the Air Force Material Command; Aeronautical Systems Center FX Funding was provided by the Air Force through the Air Force Material Command and the Aeronautical Systems Center. The project was jointly conducted with Ed Snyder and Lois Gschwender, Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials Directorate. NR 49 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 0895-8378 EI 1091-7691 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 22 IS 10 BP 847 EP 860 DI 10.3109/08958378.2010.487291 PG 14 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 660FJ UT WOS:000282625200006 PM 20507216 ER PT J AU Huang, J Spowart, JE Jones, JW AF Huang, J. Spowart, J. E. Jones, J. W. TI The role of microstructural variability on the very high-cycle fatigue behavior of discontinuously-reinforced aluminum metal matrix composites using ultrasonic fatigue SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Article DE Microstructural variability; Discontinuously reinforced aluminum composite; Ultrasonic fatigue; Very high-cycle fatigue ID PARTICLE-SIZE RATIO; QUANTITATIVE CHARACTERIZATION; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; POROSITY POPULATION; PROBABILISTIC MODEL; GIGACYCLE FATIGUE; CRACK-INITIATION; SICP COMPOSITES; VOLUME FRACTION; LIFE PREDICTION AB The fatigue behavior of two 2009/SiC/15p-T4 DRA composites has been investigated in the very high-cycle fatigue regime (VHCF, 10(7) <= N(f) <= 10(9) cycles) using ultrasonic fatigue to achieve the very high cycle counts. One composite was produced to have a very homogeneous spatial distribution with minimal particle clustering and the other was produced to have a relatively heterogeneous distribution with significant particle clustering. Fatigue cracks initiated predominantly at AlCuFe inclusions in the homogeneous material and no crack initiation was observed at SiC particle clusters. Conversely, fatigue cracks initiated predominantly at clusters of SiC particles in the heterogeneous material and no crack initiation at inclusions was observed. Fatigue lives in both composites approaching 10(9) cycles exhibited minimal variation in lifetime and subsurface crack initiation was observed in all cases. Differences in the crack initiation behavior between the two composites were attributed primarily to variations in the spatial distribution of the reinforcement phase. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Spowart, J. E.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXLMD, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Huang, J.; Jones, J. W.] Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Spowart, JE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXLMD, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Jonathan.Spowart@wpafb.af.mil FU US Air Force Office of Scientific Research [F49620-031-0069] FX The authors would like to acknowledge the following individuals for their valuable assistance in this work: Chris Torbet of the University of Michigan, and Cory Smith and Mark van den Bergh of DWA Aluminum Composites. This project was funded by the US Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Grant No: F49620-031-0069), whose assistance is gratefully acknowledged. NR 74 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PD AUG PY 2010 VL 32 IS 8 BP 1243 EP 1254 DI 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2010.01.004 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 604LS UT WOS:000278281100003 ER PT J AU Mall, S Kim, HK Porter, WJ Ownby, JF Traylor, AG AF Mall, S. Kim, H. -K. Porter, W. J. Ownby, J. F. Traylor, A. G. TI High temperature fretting fatigue behavior of IN100 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Article DE Fretting; Fatigue; IN 100; Contact load; Microstructure; Elevated temperature; Crack initiation; Crack propagation ID CRACK-GROWTH-BEHAVIOR; DISSIMILAR MATING MATERIALS; NICKEL-BASE SUPERALLOY; CONTACT PRESSURE; GRAIN-SIZE; PROPAGATION BEHAVIOR; TI-6AL-4V; INITIATION; ALLOY; MICROSTRUCTURE AB Fretting fatigue behavior of a nickel-base superalloy, IN100, was investigated at 600 degrees C. Fretting fatigue tests were conducted at various stress levels using cylinder-on-flat contact configuration. Effects of microstructure were also investigated by varying the gamma grain size (3 mu m versus 7 mu m). Additionally, effects of contact load were studied. Furthermore, plain fatigue tests of IN100 with two microstructures were also conducted. Fretting reduced the strength/life in comparison to those of the plain fatigue almost equally in both microstructures. Increase of contact load reduced the fretting fatigue strength/life. An increase of the gamma grain size decreased the fretting fatigue strength/life of IN100. Fracture surfaces of the 3 mu m grain microstructure showed intergranular and tortuous crack path while the 7 mu m grain microstructure had transgranular and relatively smoother crack path. Fractographic analysis indicated that the 3 mu m grain microstructure had a higher resistance to the fretting fatigue crack nucleation and initiation as well as to the crack growth in comparison to the 7 mu m grain microstructure, which was in agreement with the observed plain and fretting fatigue behaviors. Furthermore, plain and fretting fatigue performances improved at 600 degrees C in comparison to room temperature with both microstructures. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Mall, S.] USAF, Inst Technol, AFIT ENY, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Kim, H. -K.] Agcy Def Dev, Tech Dev Ctr, Taejon 300600, South Korea. [Porter, W. J.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Mall, S (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, AFIT ENY, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Bldg 640,2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Shankar.Mall@afit.edu NR 43 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 EI 1879-3452 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PD AUG PY 2010 VL 32 IS 8 BP 1289 EP 1298 DI 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2010.01.012 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 604LS UT WOS:000278281100008 ER PT J AU Abu Al-Rub, RK Palazotto, AN AF Abu Al-Rub, Rashid K. Palazotto, Anthony N. TI Micromechanical theoretical and computational modeling of energy dissipation due to nonlinear vibration of hard ceramic coatings with microstructural recursive faults SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE Energy dissipation; Nonlinear damping; Cohesive zone modeling; Internal friction; Damage; Thermal barrier coatings ID THERMAL BARRIER COATINGS; DAMPING CHARACTERISTICS; INTERFACE; BEHAVIOR; DAMAGE AB Engine failures due to high-cycle fatigue during severe dynamic vibration have cost the US Air Force an estimated $400 million dollars per year over the past two decades. Therefore, structural materials that exhibit high damping capacities are desirable for mechanical vibration suppression and acoustic noise attenuation. Few experimental studies suggested that hard ceramic coatings, which are commonly used as thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) to protect engine components from high temperatures and corrosion, can also serve as passive dampers due to their unique microstructure which consists of several layers of splats with inter- and intra-microstructural recursive faults (micro-cracks). Therefore, the focus of this study is on the development of a fundamental understanding of the unique microstructural features and mechanisms responsible for this observed energy dissipation in ceramic coatings under nonlinear vibration through the development of a micromechanical computational framework. Inter- and intra-fatigue damage and internal friction is simulated through the development of thermodynamic-based nonlinear cohesive laws that consider interfacial degradation, debonding, plastic sliding, and Coulomb/ contact friction between the interfaces of microstructural faults. Representative volume element-based micromechanical simulations are conducted in order to assess the main micromechanical mechanisms responsible for the experimentally observed nonlinear (amplitude- and frequency-dependent) damping in plasma sprayed hard ceramic coatings. It is concluded that the major part of energy dissipation is achieved through contact friction which results from sliding of the splat interfaces along the microstructural recursive faults. Energy dissipation due to progressive decohesion and evolution of new micro-cracks is not that significant as compared to energy dissipated due to increased friction from existing and new created faults. Therefore, internal friction is the main mechanism that makes TBCs effective dampers. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Abu Al-Rub, Rashid K.] Texas A&M Univ, Zachry Dept Civil Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Palazotto, Anthony N.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Abu Al-Rub, RK (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Zachry Dept Civil Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM rabualrub@civil.tamu.edu; rashedkamel@yahoo.com RI Abu Al-Rub, Rashid/B-3360-2009 FU US Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT) FX The authors acknowledge the financial support provided by Dr. Tommy George at the Turbine Engine Fatigue Facility at the Air Force Research Laboratory of the US Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT) at WPAFB, Dayton, Ohio. Moreover, the first author acknowledges the fruitful discussions with Prof. William Baker, Dr. Shad Reed, and Mr. Oliver Easterday during his several visits to AFIT. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect those of the US Air Force or Department of Defense. NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7683 J9 INT J SOLIDS STRUCT JI Int. J. Solids Struct. PD AUG 1 PY 2010 VL 47 IS 16 BP 2131 EP 2142 DI 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2010.04.016 PG 12 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 617EE UT WOS:000279262900015 ER PT J AU Frehlich, R Sharman, R Vandenberghe, F Yu, W Liu, YB Knievel, J Jumper, G AF Frehlich, Rod Sharman, Robert Vandenberghe, Francois Yu, Wei Liu, Yubao Knievel, Jason Jumper, George TI Estimates of C-n(2) from Numerical Weather Prediction Model Output and Comparison with Thermosonde Data SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL TURBULENCE; DATA ASSIMILATION; SPECTRA; TEMPERATURE; CLIMATOLOGY; STATISTICS; MESOSCALE; FLUXES AB Area-averaged estimates of C-n(2) from high-resolution numerical weather prediction (NWP) model output are produced from local estimates of the spatial structure functions of refractive index with corrections for the inherent smoothing and filtering effects of the underlying NWP model. The key assumptions are the existence of a universal statistical description of small-scale turbulence and a locally universal spatial filter for the NWP model variables. Under these assumptions, spatial structure functions of the NWP model variables can be related to the structure functions of the atmospheric variables and extended to the smaller underresolved scales. The shape of the universal spatial filter is determined by comparisons of model structure functions with the climatological spatial structure function determined from an archive of aircraft data collected in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. This method of computing C-n(2) has an important advantage over more traditional methods that are based on vertical differences because the structure function-based estimates avoid reference to the turbulence outer length scale. To evaluate the technique, NWP model-derived structure-function estimates of C-n(2) are compared with nighttime profiles of C-n(2) derived from temperature structure-function sensors attached to a rawinsonde (thermosonde) near Holloman Air Force Base in the United States. C1 [Frehlich, Rod] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, RAL, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Jumper, George] USAF, Res Lab, Battlespace Environm Div, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. RP Frehlich, R (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, RAL, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM frehlich@ucar.edu FU U.S. Army Test and Evaluation Command; National Science Foundation FX The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. Some of this research was supported by the U.S. Army Test and Evaluation Command through an Interagency Agreement with the National Science Foundation. The thermosonde turbulence, temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed and direction data shown in Figs. 2, 3, 7, 8, and 9 are declared the work of the U.S. Government and are not subject to copyright protection in the United States. We thank Tom Warner for his review of an earlier version of this manuscript. We also thank the three anonymous reviewers for their careful reading of the manuscript and useful suggestions. NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 49 IS 8 BP 1742 EP 1755 DI 10.1175/2010JAMC2350.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 646CY UT WOS:000281514800012 ER PT J AU Sun, G Soref, RA Cheng, HH AF Sun, G. Soref, R. A. Cheng, H. H. TI Design of an electrically pumped SiGeSn/GeSn/SiGeSn double-heterostructure midinfrared laser SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GROUP-IV SEMICONDUCTORS; BAND-GAP; SI; ALLOYS AB This paper presents the conception, modeling, and simulation of a silicon-based group-IV semiconductor injection laser diode in which the GeSn-alloy active region has a direct band gap wavelength in the 1.8 to 3.0 mu m midwave infrared for 6%-12% alpha-Sn. The strain-free monolithic P-type semiconductor/Intrinsic semiconductor/N-type semiconductor (PIN) bulk heterostructure, grown lattice matched upon a relaxed GeSn-buffer on silicon-on-insulator, is believed to be manufacturable in a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor fab. Detailed modeling is given for the type-I band offsets, carrier lifetimes, infrared gain profile and laser threshold current density J(th) in a Fabry-Perot cavity having 20-100 cm(-1) loss. The laser's temperature of operation is determined by a combination of the radiative lifetime and the nonradiative lifetime due to unwanted Auger electron-hole recombination. If we keep J(th) below 10 kA/cm(2), then we find that this laser requires cooling in the 100-200 K range, whereas J(th) at 300 K appears to be too high for a practical device. However, the GeSn quantum-well laser diode does offer a pathway to room-temperature operation. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3467766] C1 [Sun, G.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02125 USA. [Soref, R. A.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Cheng, H. H.] Natl Taiwan Univ, Ctr Condensed Matter Sci, Taipei 106, Taiwan. RP Sun, G (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02125 USA. EM hhcheng@ntu.edu.tw RI 李, 輝/B-1359-2016 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX This work was supported in part by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Dr. Gernot Pomrenke, Program Manager. NR 17 TC 83 Z9 86 U1 6 U2 27 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 2010 VL 108 IS 3 AR 033107 DI 10.1063/1.3467766 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 638ZQ UT WOS:000280941000007 ER PT J AU Moshirfar, M Schliesser, JA Chang, JC Oberg, TJ Mifflin, MD Townley, R Livingston, MK Kurz, CJ AF Moshirfar, Majid Schliesser, Joshua A. Chang, Joann C. Oberg, Thomas J. Mifflin, Mark D. Townley, Richard Livingston, Myrna K. Kurz, Christopher J. TI Visual outcomes after wavefront-guided photorefractive keratectomy and wavefront-guided laser in situ keratomileusis: Prospective comparison SO JOURNAL OF CATARACT AND REFRACTIVE SURGERY LA English DT Article ID HIGHER-ORDER ABERRATIONS; MITOMYCIN-C; EPITHELIAL KERATOMILEUSIS; REFRACTIVE SURGERY; ABLATION ZONE; LASIK; MYOPIA; SYMPTOMS AB PURPOSE: To compare visual outcomes between wavefront-guided photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and wavefront-guided laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). SETTING: Academic center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA. METHODS: In this randomized prospective study, myopic eyes were treated with wavefront-guided PRK and or wavefront-guided LASIK using a Visx Star S4 CustomVue platform with iris registration. Primary outcome measures were uncorrected (UDVA) and corrected (CDVA) distance visual acuities and manifest refraction. Secondary outcome measures were higher-order aberrations (HOAs) and contrast sensitivity. RESULTS: The PRK group comprised 101 eyes and the LASIK group, 102 eyes. At 6 months, the mean UDVA was -0.03 logMAR +/- 0.10 [SD] (20/19) and 0.07 +/- 0.09 logMAR (20/24), respectively (P = .544). In both groups, 75% eyes achieved a UDVA of 20/20 or better (P = .923); 77% of eyes in the PRK group and 88% in the LASIK group were within +/-0.50 diopter of emmetropia (P = .760). There was no statistically significant difference between groups in contrast sensitivity at 3, 6, 12, or 18 cycles per degree. The mean postoperative HOA root mean square was 0.45 +/- 0.13 mu m in the PRK group and 0.59 +/- 0.22 mu m in the LASIK group (P = .012), representing an increase factor of 1.22 and 1.74, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Wavefront-guided PRK and wavefront-guided LASIK had similar efficacy, predictability, safety, and contrast sensitivity; however, wavefront-guided PRK induced statistically fewer HOAs than wavefront-guided LASIK at 6 months. C1 [Moshirfar, Majid; Schliesser, Joshua A.] Univ Utah, Sch Med, John A Moran Eye Ctr, Salt Lake City, UT 84132 USA. [Moshirfar, Majid; Chang, Joann C.; Oberg, Thomas J.; Mifflin, Mark D.; Livingston, Myrna K.] Univ Utah, Sch Med, Dept Ophthalmol & Visual Sci, Salt Lake City, UT 84132 USA. [Townley, Richard] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX USA. [Kurz, Christopher J.] David Grant US AF Med Ctr, Travis AFB, CA USA. RP Moshirfar, M (reprint author), Univ Utah, Sch Med, John A Moran Eye Ctr, 65 Mario Capecchi Dr, Salt Lake City, UT 84132 USA. EM majid.moshirfar@hsc.utah.edu FU Allergan, Inc., Irvine, California FX Supported in part by an unrestricted educational grant from Allergan, Inc., Irvine, California, to the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Utah, John A. Moran Eye Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA. NR 24 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0886-3350 J9 J CATARACT REFR SURG JI J. Cataract. Refract. Surg. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 36 IS 8 BP 1336 EP 1343 DI 10.1016/j.jcrs.2010.02.012 PG 8 WC Ophthalmology; Surgery SC Ophthalmology; Surgery GA 640KJ UT WOS:000281049800014 PM 20656157 ER PT J AU Burnett, TJ English, JC Ferris, LK AF Burnett, Thomas J. English, Joseph C., III Ferris, Laura Korb TI Development of Subacute Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus Associated With the Use of Imiquimod to Treat Actinic Keratoses SO JOURNAL OF DRUGS IN DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ALPHA; THERAPY; LESIONS AB The immunomodulating drug imiquimod is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat actinic keratoses, non-facial superficial basal cell carcinomas and genital warts. This drug elicits its immunological response by binding to toll-like receptor 7 (TLR-7) on dendritic cells inducing the production of interferon alpha (IFN-alpha) and other inflammatory cytokines. The authors report the case of a 56-year-old female who developed subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (SCLE), as well as severe autoimmune retinitis following a vigorous response to imiquimod 5% cream that was prescribed to treat actinic keratoses. Given the important role of IFN-alpha in the pathogenesis of cutaneous lupus, it is likely that imiquimod either induced or unmasked an autoimmune tendency in this patient. C1 [Burnett, Thomas J.] USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [English, Joseph C., III; Ferris, Laura Korb] Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Dermatol, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. RP Ferris, LK (reprint author), 3601 5th Ave,5th Floor, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RI Ferris, Laura/I-7689-2012 NR 11 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOURNAL OF DRUGS IN DERMATOLOGY PI NEW YORK PA 377 PARK AVE SOUTH, 6TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1545-9616 J9 J DRUGS DERMATOL JI J. Drugs Dermatol. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 9 IS 8 BP 1022 EP 1024 PG 3 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 635SN UT WOS:000280676700019 PM 20684157 ER PT J AU Klyn, SL Kirkpatrick, TC Rutledge, RE AF Klyn, Steven L. Kirkpatrick, Timothy C. Rutledge, Richard E. TI In Vitro Comparisons of Debris Removal of the EndoActivator (TM) System, the F FiIe (TM), Ultrasonic Irrigation, and NaOCl Irrigation Alone after Hand-rotary Instrumentation in Human Mandibular Molars SO JOURNAL OF ENDODONTICS LA English DT Article DE EndoActivator; F file; irrigation; K-Kube; ultrasonics ID STEP-BACK TECHNIQUE; ROOT CANALS; EFFICACY; ACTIVATION; BACTERIA; HYPOCHLORITE; DEBRIDEMENT; REGIMENS; PROFILE; TEETH AB Introduction: The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the debris removal efficacy of the EndoActivator (TM) system, the F file (TM), ultrasonic irrigation, or 6010 NaOCl irrigation alone in human mandibular molars after hand-rotary instrumentation. Methods: A custom brass cube (K-Kube) was used to create a sealed canal system, allowing each tooth to serve as its own control. Forty extracted mandibular molars were randomly divided into 4 equal experimental groups. Each tooth was mounted, sectioned at 1, 3, and 5 mm from the working length, and then reassembled into the K-Kube, and the mesial roots were similarly prepared by using hand-rotary instrumentation. For final debridement, group 1 used F file for 30 seconds, group 2 used EndoActivator system for 30 seconds, group 3 used ultrasonic irrigation for 30 seconds, and group 4 used irrigation with 6% NaOCl within 1 mm of working length. All groups received a final irrigation with 6% NaOCl in each canal. Specimens were evaluated at 1, 3, and 5 mm from the working length for cleanliness by capturing a digital image with a stereomicroscope. All specimens had the percent cleanliness for each canal and isthmus calculated both before and after final debridement. Statistical analysis was completed by using a repeated-measures analysis of variance with Tukey post hoc tests. Results and Conclusions: The results showed no statistically significant difference in canal or isthmus cleanliness among the 4 groups, but there was a statistically significant difference (P < .001) in canal cleanliness between the 1-mm level versus the 3-mm and 5-mm levels for all of the groups. (1 Endod 2010;36:1367-1371) C1 [Kirkpatrick, Timothy C.; Rutledge, Richard E.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Endodont, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Kirkpatrick, TC (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Endodont, 59th Dent Training Squadron SGDTN,2450 Pepperrel, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM timothy.kirkpatrick@us.af.mil NR 30 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0099-2399 J9 J ENDODONT JI J. Endod. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 36 IS 8 BP 1367 EP 1371 DI 10.1016/j.joen.2010.03.022 PG 5 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 635XT UT WOS:000280691900018 PM 20647098 ER PT J AU Yilmaz, T Ol, M Rockwell, D AF Yilmaz, T. Ol, M. Rockwell, D. TI Scaling of flow separation on a pitching low aspect ratio plate SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE Aerodynamics; Unsteady flow; Vortices; Flow-structure interaction; Separated flows; Visualization ID LOW-REYNOLDS-NUMBER; WAKE STRUCTURE; PERFORMANCE; VORTICES; WINGS; PANEL AB We use two different dye injection approaches, in two different water tunnels, to visualize the formation and subsequent evolution of leading-edge vortices and related separated structures, for a pitching low aspect ratio plate. The motion is a smoothed linear pitch ramp from 0 degrees to 40 degrees incidence, brief hold, and return to 0 degrees, executed at reduced pitch rates ranging from 0.1 to 0.35 and about various pivot locations. All cases evince a leading edge vortex with pronounced axial flow, which leads to formation of large-scale, three-dimensional flow structures, culminating in a large vortical structure centered at the wing symmetry plane. Pitch is also compared to plunge, where the plunge-induced angle of attack is taken as the geometric pitch incidence angle, ignoring pitch-rate effects. At successively increasing values of convective time C/U, the three-dimensional patterns of the flow structure are remarkably similar for the pitching and plunging motions. The similarity of these patterns persists, though they are shifted in time, for variation of either the location of the pitching axis or the dimensionless pitch rate. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Yilmaz, T.; Rockwell, D.] Lehigh Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mech, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. [Ol, M.] USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Rockwell, D (reprint author), Lehigh Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mech, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. EM dor0@lehigh.edu NR 18 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0889-9746 J9 J FLUID STRUCT JI J. Fluids Struct. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 26 IS 6 BP 1034 EP 1041 DI 10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2010.07.003 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 670FI UT WOS:000283406200008 ER PT J AU Klimo, P Ragel, BT Scott, WH McCafferty, R AF Klimo, Paul, Jr. Ragel, Brian T. Scott, William H., Jr. McCafferty, Randall TI Pediatric neurosurgery during Operation Enduring Freedom Clinical article SO JOURNAL OF NEUROSURGERY-PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE pediatric neurosurgery; Operation Enduring Freedom; Afghanistan; penetrating brain injury; humanitarian service ID COMBAT SUPPORT HOSPITALS; IRAQI FREEDOM; SURGICAL-TEAM; TRAUMATIC BRAIN; AFGHANISTAN; EXPERIENCE; BLAST; CASUALTIES; CHILDREN; MISSION AB Object. Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) is the current US military conflict against terrorist elements in Afghanistan. Deepening US involvement in this conflict and increasing coalition casualties prompted the establishment of continuous neurosurgical assets at Craig Joint Theater Hospital (CJTH) at Bagram Airfield, Afghanistan, in September 2007. As part of the military's medical mission, children with battlefield-related injuries and, on a selective case-by-case basis, non war-related pathological conditions are treated at CJTH. Methods. A prospectively maintained record was created in which all rotating neurosurgeons at CJTH recorded their personal procedures:From this record, the authors were able to extract all cases involving patients 18 years of age or younger. Variables recorded included: age, sex, and category of patient (for example, local national, enemy combatant), date, indication and description of the neurosurgical procedure, mechanism of injury, and in-hospital morbidity and mortality data. Results. From September 2007 to October 2009, 296 neurosurgical procedures were performed at CJTH. Fifty-seven (19%) were performed in 43 pediatric patients (16 girls and 27 boys) with an average age of 7.5 years (range 11 days-18 years). Thirty-one of the 57 procedures (54%) were for battlefield-related trauma and 26 for humanitarian reasons (46%). The vast majority of cases were cranial (49/57, 86%) compared with spinal (7/54, 13%), with one peripheral nerve case. Craniotomies or craniectomies for penetrating brain injuries were the most common procedures. There were 5 complications (11.6%) and 4 in-hospital deaths (9.3%). Conclusions. As in previous military conflicts, children are the unfortunate victims of the current Afghanistan campaign. Extremely limited pediatric neurosurgical service and care is rendered under challenging conditions and Air Force neurosurgeons provide valuable, life-saving pediatric treatment for both war-related injuries and humanitarian needs. As the conflict in Afghanistan continues, military neurosurgeons will continue to care for injured children to the best of their abilities. (DOI:10.317112010.3.PEDS109) C1 [Klimo, Paul, Jr.] 88th Med Grp, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Ragel, Brian T.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Neurol Surg, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Scott, William H., Jr.] 99th Med Operat Squadron, Nellis AFB, NV USA. [McCafferty, Randall] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Klimo, P (reprint author), 88th Med Grp, 4881 Sugar Maple Dr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM atomkpnk@yahoo.com NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC NEUROLOGICAL SURGEONS PI ROLLING MEADOWS PA 5550 MEADOWBROOK DRIVE, ROLLING MEADOWS, IL 60008 USA SN 1933-0707 J9 J NEUROSURG-PEDIATR JI J. Neurosurg.-Pediatr. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 6 IS 2 BP 107 EP 114 DI 10.3171/2010.3.PEDS109 PG 8 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics; Surgery SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics; Surgery GA 632ES UT WOS:000280404400001 PM 20672929 ER PT J AU Pham, KD AF Pham, K. D. TI New Risk-Averse Control Paradigm for Stochastic Two-Time-Scale Systems and Performance Robustness SO JOURNAL OF OPTIMIZATION THEORY AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Two-time-scale stochastic system; Multiobjective cumulant-based control; Risk-averse controllers; Mayer form optimization ID COST-CUMULANTS AB This work is concerned with the optimal control of stochastic two-time-scale linear systems with performance measure in a finite-horizon integral-quadratic form. Nature, modeled by stationary Wiener processes whose mean and covariance statistics are known, malevolently affects the state dynamics and output observations of the control problem class. With particular focus on the system performance robustness, the use of higher-order statistics or cumulants associated with the performance measure of chi-squared random variable type makes it possible to restate the stochastic control problem as the solution of a deterministic one, which subsequently allows disregarding all sample-path realizations by Nature acting on the original problem. The distinguishing feature of the risk-averse control paradigm is that the performance index is multiobjective in nature, being composed of both risk-neutral integrals and risk-sensitive costs associated with the ubiquitous linear-quadratic-Gaussian (LQG) and rather recent risk-sensitive control problems. Another issue that makes this class of control particularly interesting is the fact that Nature has the ability to exercise all the higher-order characteristics of the uncertain chi-squared performance measure. The efficient controller, having access to Nature's apriori statistical knowledge and employing dynamic output feedback, seeks to minimize the performance uncertainty that Nature can do over the set of mixed random realizations. Furthermore, the results herein potentially generalize the existing results for the single-objective H (2), H (a), and risk-sensitive control problems to a substantially larger class of systems, wherein Nature selects mixed sample-path realizations that need not be Gaussian. That is, the entire probability density function of Nature's choices is not necessarily known except for its first two statistics. Finally, the numerical simulations for a two-time-scale longitudinal dynamics of the F-8 jet aircraft demonstrate that the proposed control paradigm has competitive performance in the closed-loop system responses and offers multiple levels of robustness for the system performance. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Pham, KD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM pham.dai.khanh@gmail.com FU Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate FX This work was supported in part by the Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-3239 EI 1573-2878 J9 J OPTIMIZ THEORY APP JI J. Optim. Theory Appl. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 146 IS 2 BP 511 EP 537 DI 10.1007/s10957-009-9629-x PG 27 WC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA 642VZ UT WOS:000281250400015 ER PT J AU Kauvar, AS Thoma, DS Carnes, DL Cochran, DL AF Kauvar, Amy S. Thoma, Daniel S. Carnes, David L. Cochran, David L. TI In Vivo Angiogenic Activity of Enamel Matrix Derivative SO JOURNAL OF PERIODONTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Amelogenin; angiogenesis; chorioallantoic membrane; enamel matrix proteins; periodontal disease ID GUIDED TISSUE REGENERATION; HISTOLOGIC EVALUATION; GROWTH-FACTOR; DEFECTS; PROTEINS; VITRO; MEMBRANE; THERAPY; MODEL AB Background: Porcine enamel matrix derivative (EMD) has a clinical use in facilitating periodontal healing by enhancing the regeneration of alveolar bone, cementum, and periodontal ligament. The mechanism of clinical use has not been elucidated, but in vitro studies suggest that EMD may enhance healing, in part, by stimulating angiogenesis. This study analyzes the effect of EMD on the production of blood vessels in the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of the developing chicken egg. Methods: Various amounts of EMD ranging from 15 to 125 ng/5 mu l were pipetted onto a 3-mm diameter x 2-mm thick bioabsorbable hemostatic gelatin and placed onto the surface of the CAM. Recombinant human amelogenin and a purified 5-kDa protein fraction derived from EMD were also tested at various amounts ranging from 15 to 62 ng/5 mu l. A mixture of fibroblast growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor served as the positive control. The negative control was 0.9% saline. A histologic examination of the interface of the gelatin and CAM was performed, evaluating for new blood-vessel formation on an ordinal scale of 0 to 3. Non-parametric statistical analyses were applied to compare test groups with the negative controls. Results: CAM treated with EMD displayed moderate vascularity as indicated by a maximal score of 3.0 +/- 0.05 (mean +/- SEM). This compared favorably to the degree of vascularity stimulated by the mixture of fibroblast growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor, which had a score of 3.0 +/- 0.05. Interestingly, the stimulation of angiogenesis by EMD was significant only at the lowest amounts tested. At the higher amounts, vascularity was reduced and not significantly different from the negative control. Vascularity was also increased by recombinant human amelogenin as indicated by a maximal score of 2.9 +/- 0.14. By contrast, there was only mild vascularity in sections treated with the negative control as indicated by a score of 1.7 +/- 0.4. The vascularity of the 5-kDa EMD-protein fraction was not different from the negative-control group (2.5 +/- 0.5 versus 1.7 +/- 0.4, respectively). Conclusions: EMD stimulates angiogenesis in the CAM model. As a heterogeneous mixture of extracellular matrix components, EMD may have multiple biologic functions, but it is likely that at least part of the explanation for its observed positive clinical effects may be the stimulation of angiogenesis. The fact that vascularity was also increased by recombinant human amelogenin raises the possibility that this 28.9-kDa protein may be the source of the angiogenic activity because it is the predominant protein of the EMD mixture. These results, taken together with results from previously reported in vitro studies, suggest that EMD may increase angiogenesis directly and/or indirectly at the wound-healing site. J Periodontol 2010;81:1196-1201. C1 [Carnes, David L.; Cochran, David L.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Periodont, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Kauvar, Amy S.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Periodont, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Thoma, Daniel S.] Univ Zurich, Clin Fixed & Removable Prosthodont & Dent Mat Sci, Zurich, Switzerland. RP Cochran, DL (reprint author), Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Periodont, MSC 7894,7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. EM cochran@uthscsa.edu OI Thoma, Daniel/0000-0002-1764-7447 FU ITI (International Team for Implantology) in Basel, Switzerland [506-2007]; Institute Straumann FX The authors thank the following individuals for their contributions to this manuscript: Drs. Lieutenant Col. J. Scot [step, DVM, DACVP, U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research, San Antonio, TX for veterinary pathology expertise; Major David S. Kauvar, MD, General and Burn Surgery, U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research, San Antonio, TX for critical evaluation of the manuscript; Sonja A. Bustamante, histology technician, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (UTHSCSA), for her excellent histologic services; and Gail Schultz, proofreader, UTHSCSA, and Madge Cluck, administrative assistant, UTHSCSA, for their assistance with preparation of the manuscript. This study was supported by a grant from ITI (International Team for Implantology) in Basel, Switzerland (506-2007). The enamel matrix derivative, 5-kDa EMD protein, and rh-amelogenin were a generous gift from Institute Straumann, Basel, Switzerland. Dr. Cochran has received consulting fees and financial support for research from Institute Straumann. Dr. Cochran has also conducted research using products made by Institute Straumann and has lectured on those products; some lectures may have been sponsored by the company. The views and opinions expressed herein are solely those of the authors and are not to be construed as representing those of the United States Air Force or the Department of Defense. Drs. Kauvar, Thoma, and Carnes report no conflicts of interest related to this study. NR 28 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD PERIODONTOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA 737 NORTH MICHIGAN AVENUE, SUITE 800, CHICAGO, IL 60611-2690 USA SN 0022-3492 J9 J PERIODONTOL JI J. Periodont. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 81 IS 8 BP 1196 EP 1201 DI 10.1902/jop.2010.090441 PG 6 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 665GI UT WOS:000283023000019 PM 20370422 ER PT J AU Ruggles-Wrenn, MB Ozmen, O AF Ruggles-Wrenn, M. B. Ozmen, O. TI The Rate (Time)-Dependent Mechanical Behavior of the PMR-15 Thermoset Polymer at 316 degrees C: Experiments and Modeling SO JOURNAL OF PRESSURE VESSEL TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID FREE-VOLUME THEORY; DEFORMATION-BEHAVIOR; RELAXATION BEHAVIOR; AMORPHOUS POLYMERS; SOLID POLYMERS; CREEP-BEHAVIOR; TEMPERATURE; OVERSTRESS; TIME; POLYCARBONATE AB The inelastic deformation behavior of PMR-15 neat resin, a high-temperature thermoset polymer, was investigated at 316 degrees C. The experimental program was designed to explore the influence of strain rate on tensile loading, unloading, and strain recovery behaviors. In addition, the effect of the prior strain rate on the relaxation response of the material, as well as on the creep behavior following strain-controlled loading were examined. Positive, nonlinear strain rate sensitivity is observed in monotonic loading. The material exhibits nonlinear, "curved" stress-strain behavior during unloading at all strain rates. The recovery of strain at zero stress is strongly influenced by the prior strain rate. The prior strain rate also has a profound effect on relaxation behavior. Likewise, creep response is significantly influenced by the prior strain rate. The experimental data are modeled with the viscoplasticity theory based on overstress (VBO). The comparison with experimental data demonstrates that the VBO successfully predicts the inelastic deformation behavior of the PMR-15 polymer under various test histories at 316 degrees C. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4000730] C1 [Ruggles-Wrenn, M. B.; Ozmen, O.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ruggles-Wrenn, MB (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM marina.ruggles-wrenn@afit.edu RI Ruggles-Wrenn, Marina/J-6103-2014 NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 8 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0094-9930 J9 J PRESS VESS-T ASME JI J. Press. Vessel Technol.-Trans. ASME PD AUG PY 2010 VL 132 IS 4 AR 041403 DI 10.1115/1.4000730 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 636CB UT WOS:000280704400016 ER PT J AU Hamilton, MJ Vandewalle, KS Roberts, HW Hamilton, GJ Lien, W AF Hamilton, Martin J. Vandewalle, Kraig S. Roberts, Howard W. Hamilton, Garrett J. Lien, Wen TI Microtomographic Porosity Determination in Alginate Mixed with Various Methods SO JOURNAL OF PROSTHODONTICS-IMPLANT ESTHETIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE DENTISTRY LA English DT Article DE Alginate; microtomography; mechanical mixing; porosity ID MICRO-CT; IMPRESSION MATERIALS; RESTORATIONS; MOLARS AB Purpose: Mechanical spatulation of alginate impression materials reportedly produces fewer voids and superior casts than hand mixing. Two current methods of alginate mechanical preparation are a vacuum mixer Vac-U-Vestor, (Whip Mix Corp, Louisville, KY) and a semiautomated method that involves hand spatulation in a rotating bowl Alginator II (Cadco, Oxnard, CA). A new alginate-mixing machine has been introduced, TurboMax (Dentsply Raintree Essex, Sarasota, FL), with a centrifugal-spinning action that reportedly incorporates the alginate powder into the water more efficiently. The purpose of this study was to determine the number, percent, and volume distribution of porosities in alginate mixed with three mechanical-mixing methods using a nondestructive, microtomographic analysis method. Materials and Methods: Alginate was mixed by each of the three mechanical methods per respective manufacturer's guidelines, with the set alginate analyzed using a microtomography unit and proprietary software. A mean and standard deviation was determined per group and analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA/Mann-Whitney tests. Results: Significant differences (p < 0.001) were found between groups per each of the three testing parameters (number, percent, volume distribution of porosities). The vacuum mixer produced significantly less percent porosity and number of porosities than the centrifugal mixer and semiautomated hand mixer. Both the vacuum mixer and centrifugal mixer produced porosities of significantly smaller volume than the semiautomated hand mixer. Conclusion: Of the three mechanical mixing methods, the vacuum mixer had the best performance overall in reducing the number, percent, and volume of porosities in the mixed alginate. C1 [Hamilton, Martin J.] USAF, Travis AFB, CA USA. [Vandewalle, Kraig S.; Lien, Wen] USAF, Lackland AFB, TX USA. [Roberts, Howard W.] USAF, Dent Evaluat & Consultat Serv, Great Lakes, IL USA. [Hamilton, Garrett J.] Calif State Univ San Bernardino, San Bernardino, CA 92407 USA. RP Vandewalle, KS (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dunn Dent Clin, 1615 Truemper St, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM kraig.vandewalle@lackland.af.mil NR 17 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1059-941X J9 J PROSTHODONT JI J. Prosthodont. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 19 IS 6 BP 478 EP 481 DI 10.1111/j.1532-849X.2010.00599.x PG 4 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 757WK UT WOS:000290119000010 PM 20456033 ER PT J AU Fuller, J Hilmas, G Fahrenholtz, W Corral, E Riegel, L AF Fuller, Joan Hilmas, Greg Fahrenholtz, William Corral, Erica Riegel, Laura TI Special Issue: Aerospace Materials for Extreme Environments SO JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Hilmas, Greg; Fahrenholtz, William] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. [Fuller, Joan] USAF, Off Sci Res, High Temp Aerosp Mat Program, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Corral, Erica] Univ Arizona, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Riegel, Laura] Boeing Co, St Louis, MO 63166 USA. RP Fahrenholtz, W (reprint author), Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 222 McNutt Hall, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. EM billf@mst.edu NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0955-2219 J9 J EUR CERAM SOC JI J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 30 IS 11 SI SI BP 2145 EP 2146 DI 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2009.11.009 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 621IO UT WOS:000279569900001 ER PT J AU Ballard, DL Weaver, DS Pilchak, AL Semiatin, SL AF Ballard, D. L. Weaver, D. S. Pilchak, A. L. Semiatin, S. L. TI Hot working of platinum group metal-modified Ni-base superalloys for thermal protection system applications SO JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Aerospace Materials for Extreme Environments CY AUG 03-05, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP USAF Off Sci Res DE Structural application; Grain growth; Superalloy; Thermomechanical processing; Thermal protection systems ID RECRYSTALLIZATION; BEHAVIOR; ALLOYS; NICKEL; DEFORMATION; TEXTURE; GRAIN AB Platinum group metal-modified nickel-base superalloys are being Investigated for use in thin gage applications, such as thermal protection systems, due to their strength and inherent oxidation resistance at temperatures in excess of 1000 degrees C This paper summarizes deformation behavior and microstructure evolution during multi-hit hot forging and subsequent hot rolling of an experimental two phase gamma-Ni+gamma'-Ni(3)Al alloy with a composition of Ni-15Al-5Cr-3Pt-2Ir-0.3Hf (atomic %) with C, B, and Zr additions for gram-boundary refinement and strengthening The feasibility of hot rolling this material to a final thickness of 250 mu m and obtaining a nearly fully recrystallized microstructure was demonstrated However, an anomalous grain-growth behavior was also observed at the surface in the intermediate and final rolled product Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Ballard, D. L.; Weaver, D. S.; Semiatin, S. L.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, AFRL RXLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Pilchak, A. L.] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Ballard, DL (reprint author), USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, AFRL RXLM, 2230 10th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0955-2219 J9 J EUR CERAM SOC JI J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 30 IS 11 SI SI BP 2305 EP 2312 DI 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2010.03.015 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 621IO UT WOS:000279569900018 ER PT J AU Rohrer, J Wuertz, BRK Ondrey, F AF Rohrer, Joseph Wuertz, Beverly R. K. Ondrey, Frank TI Cigarette Smoke Condensate Induces Nuclear Factor Kappa-B Activity and Proangiogenic Growth Factors in Aerodigestive Cells SO LARYNGOSCOPE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Middle Section of the Triological-Society CY JAN 18-20, 2008 CL Chicago, IL SP Triol Soc DE Cigarette smoke condensate; angiogenesis; nuclear factor kappa-B; aerodigestive cancer; human papillomavirus ID HUMAN-PAPILLOMAVIRUS; CANCER; HEAD; EXPRESSION; INDUCTION; TOBACCO AB Objectives/Hypothesis: Aerodigestive cancer risk of both lung and head and neck cancers has been linked to the genotoxic effects of tobacco use. These effects include upregulation of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF kappa B) and its downstream products associated with both lung and head and neck cancer malignant progression. Study Design: Bench Research. Methods: In the present study we examined the effects of cigarette smoke condensate on functional activation of NF kappa B in human papillomavirus (HPV)-transformed oral cavity cells (HOK 16B cells) and transformed bronchial epithelium (Beas2B cells) using the head and neck squamous cancer cell line, UMSCC 38, as a comparison. Luciferase reporter gene assays with two types of transiently transfected NF kappa B reporter genes were employed and downstream NF kappa B-dependent products, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and vascular endothelial growth factor, were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: All cell lines were able to dose dependently activate NF kappa B reporter genes after exposure to cigarette smoke condensate (P < .05). However, the HPV premalignant, transformed cell line had a much more robust NF kappa B response (3.45-fold) versus the squamous cancer cell line (1.62-fold) and SV40 transformed Beas2B (1.83). Both NF kappa B reporter genes had similar response curves. Conclusions: This study demonstrates cigarette smoke products might be more potent promoters of an NF kappa B-dependent progression from HPV+ premalignancy to cancer rather than after tumors are established. Future studies should focus on abrogating NF kappa B increases during malignant progression and premalignancy. This might be even more relevant in the HPV+ patient with premalignancy. C1 [Rohrer, Joseph; Wuertz, Beverly R. K.; Ondrey, Frank] Univ Minnesota, Dept Otolaryngol, Mol Oncol Program, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Rohrer, Joseph] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio Uniformed Serv, Hlth Educ Consortium, Dept Otolaryngol, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Rohrer, J (reprint author), USAF, Dept Air Force, 59th MDW SGOSVC,2200 Bergquist Dr STE 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM rohr0045@umn.edu NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0023-852X J9 LARYNGOSCOPE JI Laryngoscope PD AUG PY 2010 VL 120 IS 8 BP 1609 EP 1613 DI 10.1002/lary.20972 PG 5 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Otorhinolaryngology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Otorhinolaryngology GA 635YW UT WOS:000280695000020 PM 20564670 ER PT J AU Ely, K Boyce, LA Nelson, JK Zaccaro, SJ Hernez-Broome, G Whyman, W AF Ely, Katherine Boyce, Lisa A. Nelson, Johnathan K. Zaccaro, Stephen J. Hernez-Broome, Gina Whyman, Wynne TI Evaluating leadership coaching: A review and integrated framework SO LEADERSHIP QUARTERLY LA English DT Article DE Coaching; Training evaluation; Leadership development ID NOMOLOGICAL NETWORK; TRAINEE REACTIONS AB Leadership coaching reflects an evolving dynamic between the client and coach that is qualitatively different from most approaches to leadership development and therefore holds particular challenges for evaluation. Based on reviews of academic and practitioner literatures, this paper presents an integrated framework of coaching evaluation that includes formative evaluations of the client, coach, client-coach relationship, and coaching process, as well as summative evaluations based on coaching outcomes. The paper also includes a quantitative synthesis examining evaluation methodologies in 49 leadership coaching studies. The results revealed that self-reported changes in clients' leadership behaviors are the most frequently assessed coaching outcome, followed by clients' perceptions of the effectiveness of coaching. Recommendations to advance coaching evaluation research include the creation of collaborative partnerships between the evaluation stakeholders (client, coach, client's organization, and coaching organization) to facilitate systematic formative evaluations, the collection of multi-source and multi-level data, and the inclusion of distal outcomes in evaluation plans. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Ely, Katherine] George Mason Univ, Dept Psychol, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Boyce, Lisa A.] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO USA. RP Ely, K (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Psychol, 4400 Univ Dr,MSN 3F5, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM kely@gmu.edu NR 103 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 5 U2 56 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1048-9843 J9 LEADERSHIP QUART JI Leadersh. Q. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 21 IS 4 SI SI BP 585 EP 599 DI 10.1016/j.leaqua.2010.06.003 PG 15 WC Psychology, Applied; Management SC Psychology; Business & Economics GA 651LG UT WOS:000281928600003 ER PT J AU Tiley, J Shiveley, K Viswanathan, GB Crouse, CA Shiveley, A AF Tiley, J. Shiveley, K., II Viswanathan, G. B. Crouse, C. A. Shiveley, A. TI Novel automatic electrochemical-mechanical polishing (ECMP) of metals for scanning electron microscopy SO MICRON LA English DT Review DE Titanium polishing; Electron microscopy imaging; EBSD; Electro-mechanical polishing ID TI-6AL-4V; ALLOYS; TI AB A low-stress automated polishing device was developed for preparing titanium and nickel alloys for scanning electron microscopy imaging. The system used pulsed electrochemical reactions within an alkaline electrolyte to generate a thin passivation layer on the surface of the sample, which was removed by the mechanical vibration of the system. The passivation layer development and removal were documented for Ti-6Al-4V and IN718 samples subjected to varying electrical potential cycles and polishing times. Results indicated that the applied cyclic potentials removed material faster than typical removal techniques. In addition, electron back scatter diffraction data showed a decrease in subsurface damage using the developed electrochemical-mechanical process compared to standard mechanical polishing techniques. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Tiley, J.] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RXLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Shiveley, K., II; Viswanathan, G. B.] UES Inc, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Shiveley, A.] Universal Technol Corp, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Tiley, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RXLM, 2230 10th St,Bldg 655, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM jaimie.tiley@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Contract [FA8650-08-D-5200, FA8650-10-D-5226, FA8650-07-D-5800] FX This research work was conducted as part of the in-house research activities of the Hot Metallic Structures program at the Air Force Research Laboratory's Materials and Manufacturing Directorate. The authors are grateful to Dr. Natasha Voevodin for the corrosion analysis and potential dynamic testing. Mr. Kevin Shiveley II was supported by Air Force Contract FA8650-08-D-5200, Dr. Gopal Viswanathan was supported by Air Force Contract FA8650-10-D-5226, and Mr. Adam Shiveley was supported by Air Force Contract FA8650-07-D-5800. NR 27 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 27 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0968-4328 J9 MICRON JI Micron PD AUG PY 2010 VL 41 IS 6 BP 615 EP 621 DI 10.1016/j.micron.2010.03.008 PG 7 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 620UZ UT WOS:000279527300012 PM 20434348 ER PT J AU Tiley, JS Viswanathan, GB Shiveley, A Tschopp, M Srinivasan, R Banerjee, R Fraser, HL AF Tiley, J. S. Viswanathan, G. B. Shiveley, A. Tschopp, M. Srinivasan, R. Banerjee, R. Fraser, H. L. TI Measurement of gamma ' precipitates in a nickel-based superalloy using energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy coupled with automated segmenting techniques SO MICRON LA English DT Review DE Energy-filtered TEM; Segmentation procedures; Nickel alloys ID ALLOYS; STRESS; DT AB Precipitates of the ordered L1(2) gamma ' phase (dispersed in the face-centered cubic or FCC gamma matrix) were imaged in Rene 88 DT, a commercial multicomponent Ni-based superalloy, using energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM). Imaging was performed using the Cr, Co, Ni, Ti and Al elemental L-absorption edges in the energy loss spectrum. Manual and automated segmentation procedures were utilized for identification of precipitate boundaries and measurement of precipitate sizes. The automated region growing technique for precipitate identification in images was determined to measure accurately precipitate diameters. In addition, the region growing technique provided a repeatable method for optimizing segmentation techniques for varying EFTEM conditions. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Tiley, J. S.; Viswanathan, G. B.; Shiveley, A.; Tschopp, M.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Srinivasan, R.; Fraser, H. L.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ctr Accelerated Maturat Mat, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Banerjee, R.] Univ N Texas, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ctr Adv Res & Technol, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Tschopp, M.] Mississippi State Univ, Ctr Adv Vehicular Syst, Starkville, MS 39762 USA. RP Tiley, JS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM jaimie.tiley@wpafb.af.mil RI Tschopp, Mark/B-1594-2008 OI Tschopp, Mark/0000-0001-8471-5035 FU Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL/RXLM) under the Institute for Science and Engineering Simulation [FA8650-08-C-5226] FX This research was supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL/RXLM) under the Institute for Science and Engineering Simulation, Contract FA8650-08-C-5226. In addition, material preparation support was provided by Mr. Kevin Shiveley and the Materials Characterization Facility at the Air Force Research Laboratory, AFRL/RX. NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 27 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0968-4328 J9 MICRON JI Micron PD AUG PY 2010 VL 41 IS 6 BP 641 EP 647 DI 10.1016/j.micron.2010.03.003 PG 7 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 620UZ UT WOS:000279527300015 PM 20434346 ER PT J AU Soref, R AF Soref, Richard TI Mid-infrared photonics in silicon and germanium SO NATURE PHOTONICS LA English DT Article ID SI C1 USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Soref, R (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM richard.soref@hanscom.af.mil NR 24 TC 361 Z9 362 U1 23 U2 133 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1749-4885 J9 NAT PHOTONICS JI Nat. Photonics PD AUG PY 2010 VL 4 IS 8 BP 495 EP 497 DI 10.1038/nphoton.2010.171 PG 3 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 633IN UT WOS:000280495400003 ER PT J AU Abadie, WM Arnholt, JL Miller, LA AF Abadie, Wesley M. Arnholt, Jonathan L. Miller, Lee A. TI Dysgenesis of the middle turbinate: A unique cause of nasal airway obstruction SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article C1 [Abadie, Wesley M.; Arnholt, Jonathan L.; Miller, Lee A.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Abadie, WM (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, 59 MDG,SGOSO,2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM Wesley.Abadie@Lackland.af.mil NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 143 IS 2 BP 317 EP 318 DI 10.1016/j.otohns.2010.02.020 PG 2 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 632OF UT WOS:000280433300033 PM 20647146 ER PT J AU Liu, F Huang, G Ganguly, B AF Liu, Feng Huang, George Ganguly, Biswa TI Plasma excitation dependence on voltage slew rates in 10-200 Torr argon-nitrogen gas mixture DBD SO PLASMA SOURCES SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIELECTRIC BARRIER DISCHARGE; XENON EXCIMER LAMP; ATMOSPHERIC-PRESSURE; SURFACE-TREATMENT; SPECTROSCOPY; TEMPERATURE; PHYSICS; GROWTH; OH AB An argon-nitrogen gas mixture dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) excited by fast rise time (similar to 20 ns) and slow rise time (similar to 100 ns) 3-5 kV high-voltage pulses was investigated in the pressure range 10-200 Torr. Time resolved emission intensities of Ar (2p(1)-1s(2)), Ar (2p(9)-1s(5)), N(2) (C(3)Pi(u)-B(3)Pi(g)) and N(2)(+) (B(2)Sigma(+)(u)-X(2)Sigma(+)(g)) were recorded while the applied voltage was kept constant during measurements. The influence of different applied voltages and nitrogen concentrations on the observed emission spectra was also obtained. The reduced electric field, E/n, was derived from the ratio of the measured emission intensities by comparing excitation rates calculated using the BOLSIG+ code. The corresponding electron excitation energies, T(e)(Ex), were obtained. For the fast-pulse excited DBD, T(e)(Ex) was in the range 6-8 eV and it decreased by about 0.5 eV for the lower voltage slew rate excitation under the same experimental conditions. The ionization rates were also derived from the corresponding E/n. The pulsed DBD plasma processes with different voltage slew rates were analyzed based on the dependence of the observed emission spectra and T(e)(Ex) on the discharge operating parameters. The discharge voltage, current and power deposition were also estimated from applied voltage and current measurements. C1 [Ganguly, Biswa] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Liu, Feng; Huang, George] Wright State Univ, Ctr Adv Power & Energy Convers, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Ganguly, B (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM biswa.ganguly@wpafb.af.mil NR 38 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 11 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0963-0252 J9 PLASMA SOURCES SCI T JI Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 19 IS 4 AR 045017 DI 10.1088/0963-0252/19/4/045017 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 632FS UT WOS:000280407300018 ER PT J AU Mall, S Harder, BT Petrosky, JC Hansen, G Alexander, MD Hansen, ND AF Mall, S. Harder, B. T. Petrosky, J. C. Hansen, G. Alexander, M. D. Hansen, N. D. TI Electromagnetic Interference and Electrical Conductivity Characteristics of Carbon/Polycyanate Composite with Nanostrands (TM) Under Tensile Load SO POLYMER COMPOSITES LA English DT Article ID EMI SHIELDING EFFECTIVENESS AB Electromagnetic interference (EMI) and electrostatic discharge (ESD) shielding effectiveness of M55/RS-3 composite (i.e., carbon fiber in a toughened polycyanate resin matrix) combined with nickel nanostrands (TM) was investigated when subjected to the monotonic tensile load. These were quantified in the terms of dB attenuation and sheet resistance, respectively. A baseline panel without nanostrands (TM) and three lay-ups with different locations of nickel nanostrands (TM) layers were characterized. These locations were outside surfaces, dispersed throughout the laminate thickness or the mid-plane. The nanostrands (TM) are capable of providing EMI and ESD shielding protection without any detrimental effects on the mechanical behavior of the composite (i.e., damage mechanisms and ultimate tensile strength) under the tensile loading condition. The placement of nanostrands (TM) on the exterior surfaces in the composite lay-up provided better EMI and ESD shielding effectiveness. The EMI protection capability from nanostrands (TM) at any location was practically constant with increasing tensile load up to the final fracture. However, sheet resistance did not change with increasing tensile load only when nanostrands (TM) were placed at the outside surfaces. The nanostrands (TM) layers were not damaged until the final composite fracture. POLYM. COMPOS., 31:1343-1351, 2010. (C) 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers C1 [Mall, S.; Harder, B. T.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Harder, B. T.; Alexander, M. D.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Petrosky, J. C.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Hansen, G.; Hansen, N. D.] Met Matrix Composites Co, Midway, UT 84049 USA. RP Mall, S (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM shankar.mall@afit.edu NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0272-8397 J9 POLYM COMPOSITE JI Polym. Compos. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 31 IS 8 BP 1343 EP 1351 DI 10.1002/pc.20919 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Composites; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 631CI UT WOS:000280323800005 ER PT J AU Fulcher, JT Lu, YC Tandon, GP Foster, DC AF Fulcher, J. T. Lu, Y. C. Tandon, G. P. Foster, D. C. TI Thermomechanical characterization of shape memory polymers using high temperature nanoindentation SO POLYMER TESTING LA English DT Article DE Shape memory polymer; High temperature nanoindentation; Thermomechanical characterization; Shape recovery ID SENSING INDENTATION; POLYURETHANE SERIES; ELASTIC-MODULUS; COMPOSITES; RECOVERY; HARDNESS; SYSTEMS; DEPTH; FILM AB This paper investigates the thermomechanical behavior of a thermosetting shape memory polymer (SMP) by using a high temperature nanoindentation technique. The nanoindenter is equipped with a microheater and a sophisticated temperature control and monitoring system. This allows the SMP to be activated at elevated temperatures enabling proper implementation of the thermomechanical cycle typically used to quantify the shape memory behavior. The load-depth curves of the SMP were obtained at various temperatures, from which the instantaneous moduli were calculated with a revised indenter-sample contact depth formula. The moduli from nanoindentation are consistent with those obtained from dynamic mechanical analysis on bulk samples. When activated at elevated temperatures, the SMP exhibits surface profiles different from those obtained when activated at room temperature. A large amount of "sink-in" is observed at the SMP surface when activated at temperatures above its glass transition temperature (T(g)). It is seen that the large-strain elastic deformation is almost fully recoverable when recovery takes place at a recovery temperature, T(r) > T(g). (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Fulcher, J. T.; Lu, Y. C.] Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Tandon, G. P.; Foster, D. C.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, RXBC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Tandon, G. P.] Univ Dayton Res Ins, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Lu, YC (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. EM chlu@engr.uky.edu FU American Society of Engineering Education; NASA EPSCoR; Kentucky Space Grant Consortium (KSGC) FX This work was partially supported by the American Society of Engineering Education - Air Force Summer Faculty Fellowship Program (SFFP) and by the grants from NASA EPSCoR Research Infrastructure Development (RID) Program and Kentucky Space Grant Consortium (KSGC). NR 28 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 6 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-9418 J9 POLYM TEST JI Polym. Test PD AUG PY 2010 VL 29 IS 5 BP 544 EP 552 DI 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2010.02.001 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 620TE UT WOS:000279522000003 ER PT J AU Maurer, K Yazvenko, N Wilmoth, J Cooper, J Lyon, W Danley, D AF Maurer, Karl Yazvenko, Nina Wilmoth, Jodi Cooper, John Lyon, Wanda Danley, David TI Use of a Multiplexed CMOS Microarray to Optimize and Compare Oligonucleotide Binding to DNA Probes Synthesized or Immobilized on Individual Electrodes SO SENSORS LA English DT Article DE CombiMatrix microarray; biosensor; electrochemical detection; DNA; hybridization; polypyrrole ID ELECTROCHEMICAL DETECTION; POLYPYRROLE FILMS; ADDRESSABLE LIBRARIES; CONJUGATED POLYMERS; HEAT-TREATMENT; HYBRIDIZATION; FLUORESCENCE; SENSORS; ARRAY; CONDUCTIVITY AB The CombiMatrix microarray with 12,544 electrodes supports in situ electrochemical synthesis of user-defined DNA probes. As an alternative, we immobilized commercially synthesized DNA probes on individual electrodes coated with electropolymerized polypyrrole (Ppy). Hybridization was measured using a biotinylated target oligonucleotide and either Cy5-streptavidin and fluorescence detection or horseradish peroxidase-streptavidin and enzyme-enhanced electrochemical detection. Detection efficiencies were optimized by varying the deposition of the Ppy, the terminal groups on the DNA probes, and other factors that impacted fluorescence quenching and electrical conductivity. Optimized results were compared against those obtained using a microarray with the same DNA sequences synthesized in situ. Immobilized probes produced higher fluorescence signals, possibly by providing a greater stand off between the Cy5 on the target oligonucleotide and the quenching effects of the Ppy and the platinum electrode. C1 [Maurer, Karl; Yazvenko, Nina; Wilmoth, Jodi; Cooper, John; Danley, David] CombiMatrix Corp, Mukilteo, WA 98275 USA. [Lyon, Wanda] AFRL, RHPB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Danley, D (reprint author), CombiMatrix Corp, 6500 Harbour Hts Pkwy,Suite 202, Mukilteo, WA 98275 USA. EM maurer.karl@gmail.com; nina.yazvenko@gmail.com; jodildalrymple@yahoo.com; jjcooper.seattle@gmail.com; wanda.lyon@wpafb.af.mil; ddanley@combimatrix.com FU Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-09-C-6037]; NSF FX This work was supported by contact FA8650-09-C-6037 with the Air Force Research Laboratory. The authors wish to express their appreciation to Jeff Chamberlain for his SEM of Ppy deposition on electrodes. This work was done at the Nanotech User Facility, University of Washington, a member of the NSF Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network (NNIN). Jeff Chamberlain is support through the NSF Graduate Research Fellowship Program. NR 31 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA KANDERERSTRASSE 25, CH-4057 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-8220 J9 SENSORS-BASEL JI Sensors PD AUG PY 2010 VL 10 IS 8 BP 7371 EP 7385 DI 10.3390/s100807371 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 645RC UT WOS:000281481000018 PM 22163607 ER PT J AU Braydich-Stolle, LK Lucas, B Schrand, A Murdock, RC Lee, T Schlager, JJ Hussain, SM Hofmann, MC AF Braydich-Stolle, Laura K. Lucas, Benjamin Schrand, Amanda Murdock, Richard C. Lee, Timothy Schlager, John J. Hussain, Saber M. Hofmann, Marie-Claude TI Silver Nanoparticles Disrupt GDNF/Fyn kinase Signaling in Spermatogonial Stem Cells SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE nanoparticle-protein interactions; silver nanoparticles; cell signaling; spermatogonial stem cells; Fyn kinase ID AIR-POLLUTION; IN-VITRO; GERM-LINE; MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES; NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR; SELF-RENEWAL; REPRODUCTIVE-SYSTEM; MOUSE TESTIS; DNA-DAMAGE; MICE AB Silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) are being utilized in an increasing number of fields and are components of antibacterial coatings, antistatic materials, superconductors, and biosensors. A number of reports have now described the toxic effects of silver nanoparticles on somatic cells; however, no study has examined their effects on the germ line at the molecular level. Spermatogenesis is a complex biological process that is particularly sensitive to environmental insults. Many chemicals, including ultrafine particles, have a negative effect on the germ line, either by directly affecting the germ cells or by indirectly acting on the somatic cells of the testis. In the present study, we have assessed the impact of different doses of Ag-NPs, as well as their size and biocompatible coating, on the proliferation of mouse spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs), which are at the origin of the germ line in the adult testis. At concentrations >= 10 mu g/ml, Ag-NPs induced a significant decline in SSCs proliferation, which was also dependent on their size and coating. At the concentration of 10 mu g/ml, reactive oxygen species production and/or apoptosis did not seem to play a major role; therefore, we explored other mechanisms to explain the decrease in cell proliferation. Because glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is vital for SSC self-renewal in vitro and in vivo, we evaluated the effects of Ag-NPs on GDNF-mediated signaling in these cells. Although the nanoparticles did not reduce GDNF binding or Ret receptor activity, our data revealed that already at a concentration of 10 mu g/ml, silver nanoparticles specifically interact with Fyn kinase downstream of Ret and impair SSC proliferation in vitro. In addition, we demonstrated that the particle coating was degraded upon interaction with the intracellular microenvironment, reducing biocompatibility. C1 [Hofmann, Marie-Claude] Univ Illinois, Dept Comparat Biosci, Coll Vet Med, Urbana, IL 61802 USA. [Hofmann, Marie-Claude] Univ Illinois, Inst Genom Biol, Urbana, IL 61802 USA. [Braydich-Stolle, Laura K.; Schrand, Amanda; Murdock, Richard C.; Schlager, John J.; Hussain, Saber M.] USAF, Appl Biotechnol Branch, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Res Lab,RHPB, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Hofmann, MC (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Comparat Biosci, Coll Vet Med, VMBSB Room 3633,2001 S Lincoln Ave, Urbana, IL 61802 USA. EM mhofmann@illinois.edu RI Lucas, Benjamin/D-7160-2011 OI Lucas, Benjamin/0000-0002-2521-000X FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [2312A214]; National Institutes of Health [HD044543, HD054607]; National Research Council; Eli Lilly; Biosciences and Protection Division, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory under the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education FX Air Force Office of Scientific Research Project (JON #2312A214 to S.H. and J.S.); the National Institutes of Health (HD044543 and HD054607 to M.C.H.); Postdoctoral fellowship from the National Research Council to L. K. B. S.; Eli Lilly graduate fellowship to B.L.; Biosciences and Protection Division, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory under the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education to A.S. and R.C.M. NR 62 TC 103 Z9 109 U1 4 U2 33 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 116 IS 2 BP 577 EP 589 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfq148 PG 13 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 630ZL UT WOS:000280315800020 PM 20488942 ER PT J AU Rai, AK Trivedi, HK Bhattacharya, RS Klenke, CJ Forster, NH AF Rai, A. K. Trivedi, H. K. Bhattacharya, R. S. Klenke, C. J. Forster, N. H. TI An Approach to Evaluate the Abrasive Land Wear of High-Speed Bearings SO TRIBOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Gas turbines; Gas/Jet turbines; Rolling element bearings; Wear; Coatings; Wear resistant AB State-of-the-art bearing materials, such as Pyrowear 675(P675) have been developed to meet the requirements of the next generation of gas turbine engines. P675 bearings have exhibited higher land wear compared to conventional M50 bearings under contaminated test conditions. Surface modification techniques can be applied to enhance the wear resistance of bearing land surfaces. A coating has been developed to minimize abrasive wear of land surfaces. A new procedure using a 40 mm bearing test rig has been developed to effectively evaluate land wear under simulated contaminated condition. Test conditions including contamination concentration, test duration, test temperature and lubricant flow rate were optimized to obtain measureable wear on the land surfaces in a reasonable test time. Results obtained using M50 Nil, P675 and M50 bearings are presented to illustrate the viability of the test procedure. C1 [Rai, A. K.; Trivedi, H. K.; Bhattacharya, R. S.] Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Klenke, C. J.; Forster, N. H.] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Rai, AK (reprint author), Universal Energy Syst Inc, 4401 Dayton Xenia Rd, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM arai@ues.com FU USAF/AFRL [FA8650-06-C-2665] FX This work was supported by a USAF/AFRL Phase II SBIR program (Contract No. FA8650-06-C-2665). The authors acknowledge the support of Ben Pruitt and Jan Clark during this work. The authors are grateful to the reviewers of this paper for fruitful comments. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1023-8883 J9 TRIBOL LETT JI Tribol. Lett. PD AUG PY 2010 VL 39 IS 2 BP 143 EP 149 DI 10.1007/s11249-010-9627-z PG 7 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 628CE UT WOS:000280091200004 ER PT J AU Kanmae, T Stenbaek-Nielsen, HC McHarg, MG Haaland, RK AF Kanmae, Takeshi Stenbaek-Nielsen, Hans C. McHarg, Matthew G. Haaland, Ryan K. TI Observation of sprite streamer head's spectra at 10,000 fps SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID STATE VIBRATIONAL POPULATIONS; PHOTOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS; N-2 EMISSIONS; EXCITATION; NITROGEN; ENERGY; COEFFICIENTS; TRANSPORT; DISCHARGE AB Spatially and temporally resolved sprite streamer head spectra were observed for the first time using a slitless spectrograph at 10,000 fps. The spectra consist of the N-2 first positive (1PG) emission. Blue emissions, including the N2 second positive (2PG) and the N-2(+) first negative (1NG) emissions, were not observed presumably due to atmospheric attenuation along a long line of sight. The rotational temperature derived from the spectra indicates a kinetic temperature of 200-300 K with an upper limit of 400 K. Using a simple kinetic model, we estimate the peak electric field in the streamer head to be larger than 1-2Ek. C1 [Kanmae, Takeshi; Stenbaek-Nielsen, Hans C.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [McHarg, Matthew G.] USAF Acad, Space Phys & Atmospher Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Haaland, Ryan K.] Ft Lewis Coll, Dept Phys & Engn, Durango, CO 81301 USA. RP Kanmae, T (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, 903 Koyukuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM tkammae@gi.alaska.edu OI Kanmae, Takeshi/0000-0001-9893-9718 FU NSF [ATM-0737605] FX We thank Dr. Winn at the Langmuir Laboratory for his help and hospitality during the campaign. The GOES-12 infrared image is provided by NOAA National Climatic Data Center. This work was supported by a NSF grant ATM-0737605 to the University of Alaska Fairbanks. NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUL 31 PY 2010 VL 115 AR A00E48 DI 10.1029/2009JA014546 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 634NR UT WOS:000280590300001 ER PT J AU Tretkoff, E Knipp, D AF Tretkoff, Ernie Knipp, Delores TI Teaching Space Weather to Undergraduates: An Interview With Delores Knipp SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Knipp, Delores] USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Knipp, Delores] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO USA. EM etretkoff@agu.org NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1542-7390 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD JUL 31 PY 2010 VL 8 AR S07008 DI 10.1029/2010SW000610 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 634NV UT WOS:000280590700002 ER PT J AU Tarar, W Shen, MHH George, T Cross, C AF Tarar, Wasim Shen, M. -H. Herman George, Tommy Cross, Charles TI A new finite element procedure for fatigue life prediction of AL6061 plates under multiaxial loadings SO STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING AND MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE cycles; equivalent stress; energy; fatigue; finite element analysis; structures; uniaxial AB An energy-based fatigue life prediction framework was previously developed by the authors for prediction of axial, bending and shear fatigue life at various stress ratios. The framework for the prediction of fatigue life via energy analysis was based on a new constitutive law, which states the following: the amount of energy required to fracture a material is constant. In the first part of this study, energy expressions that construct the constitutive law are equated in the form of total strain energy and the distortion energy dissipated in a fatigue cycle. The resulting equation is further evaluated to acquire the equivalent stress per cycle using energy based methodologies. The equivalent stress expressions are developed both for biaxial and multiaxial fatigue loads and are used to predict the number of cycles to failure based on previously developed prediction criterion. The equivalent stress expressions developed in this study are further used in a new finite element procedure to predict the fatigue life for two and three dimensional structures. In the second part of this study, a new Quadrilateral fatigue finite element is developed through integration of constitutive law into minimum potential energy formulation. This new QUAD-4 element is capable of simulating biaxial fatigue problems. The final output of this finite element analysis both using equivalent stress approach and using the new QUAD-4 fatigue element, is in the form of number of cycles to failure for each element on a scale in ascending or descending order. Therefore, the new finite element framework can provide the number of cycles to failure at each location in gas turbine engine structural components. In order to obtain experimental data for comparison, an Al6061-T6 plate is tested using a previously developed vibration based testing framework. The finite element analysis is performed for Al6061-T6 aluminum and the results are compared with experimental results. C1 [Tarar, Wasim; Shen, M. -H. Herman] Ohio State Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [George, Tommy; Cross, Charles] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Shen, MHH (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM shen.1@osu.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory, Propulsion Directorate at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio FX The authors would like to thank the Air Force Research Laboratory, Propulsion Directorate at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio for their financial support and encouragement of this research. NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU TECHNO-PRESS PI DAEJEON PA PO BOX 33, YUSEONG, DAEJEON 305-600, SOUTH KOREA SN 1225-4568 J9 STRUCT ENG MECH JI Struct. Eng. Mech. PD JUL 30 PY 2010 VL 35 IS 5 BP 571 EP 592 PG 22 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 621PT UT WOS:000279594100003 ER PT J AU Park, CH Lee, B Semiatin, SL Lee, CS AF Park, Chan Hee Lee, Byounggab Semiatin, S. L. Lee, Chong Soo TI Low-temperature superplasticity and coarsening behavior of Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo-0.1Si SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Titanium alloy; Superplasticity; Dynamic globularization; Coarsening; Deformation mechanism ID DYNAMIC GLOBULARIZATION; TI-6AL-4V ALLOY; TITANIUM-ALLOY; HOT-WORKING; MICROSTRUCTURAL MECHANISMS; STRUCTURAL SUPERPLASTICITY; ENHANCED SUPERPLASTICITY; HEAT-TREATMENT; FLOW BEHAVIOR; PLASTIC-FLOW AB The low-temperature superplasticity and dynamic coarsening behavior of Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo-0.1Si were established and interpreted in the context of inelastic-deformation theory. The starting microstructure with an equiaxed-alpha particle size of 13 mu m was refined to 2.2 mu m by a treatment comprising beta annealing/water quenching followed by warm rolling at 775 degrees C. A series of tension and load-relaxation tests were carried out for the coarse and fine microstructures at strain rates of 10(-4) to 10(-2) s(-1) in the temperature range of 650-750 degrees C. The fine microstructure exhibited enhanced superplasticity (382-826% elongation) compared to that of the coarse microstructure (189-286% elongation); this trend was attributed to a larger fraction of boundary sliding and lower friction stress for the finer material. With respect to microstructure evolution, the coarsening rate of the alpha particles during deformation was similar to 12 times faster than that during static coarsening. Furthermore, both the static and dynamic coarsening rates for the Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo-0.1Si were 2.7-4.7 times lower than those for the Ti-6Al-4V, a trend attributable to the lower diffusivity of Mo compared to that of V at a given test temperature. The plastic flow behavior of the coarse and fine microstructures was rationalized in terms of microstructure evolution during deformation. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Park, Chan Hee; Lee, Byounggab; Lee, Chong Soo] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pohang 790784, Gyungbuk, South Korea. [Semiatin, S. L.] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RXLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lee, CS (reprint author), Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, San 31, Pohang 790784, Gyungbuk, South Korea. EM cslee@postech.ac.kr RI Lee, Chong Soo/F-5814-2013; SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 FU US Air Force Office of Scientific Research and its Asian Office of Aerospace Research and Development FX This work was supported by a grant from the US Air Force Office of Scientific Research and its Asian Office of Aerospace Research and Development (Dr. J.P. Singh, program manager). NR 36 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JUL 25 PY 2010 VL 527 IS 20 BP 5203 EP 5211 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2010.04.082 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 623QH UT WOS:000279756400021 ER PT J AU Ruggles-Wrenn, MB Ozer, M AF Ruggles-Wrenn, M. B. Ozer, M. TI Creep behavior of Nextel (TM) 720/alumina-mullite ceramic composite with +/- 45 degrees fiber orientation at 1200 degrees C SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Ceramic-matrix composites (CMCs); Oxides; Creep; High-temperature properties; Fractography ID OXIDE-OXIDE COMPOSITES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; MATRIX COMPOSITES; MULLITE/ALUMINA MIXTURES; STRESS-CORROSION; DAMAGE-TOLERANT; STATIC FATIGUE; FRACTURE; GLASS; PERFORMANCE AB The tensile creep behavior of an oxide-oxide continuous fiber ceramic composite with +/- 45 degrees fiber orientation was investigated at 1200 degrees C in laboratory air, in steam and in argon. The composite consists of a porous alumina-mullite matrix reinforced with laminated, woven mullite/alumina (Nextel (TM) 720) fibers, has no interface between the fiber and matrix, and relies on the porous matrix for flaw tolerance. The tensile stress-strain behavior was investigated and the tensile properties measured at 1200 degrees C. The elastic modulus was 38.6 GPa and the ultimate tensile strength CUTS) was 37 MPa. Tensile creep behavior was examined for creep stresses in the 13-32 MPa range. Primary and secondary creep regimes were observed in all tests. Creep run-out (set to 100 h) was achieved in all test environments for creep stress levels <= 20 MPa. At creep stresses >20 MPa, creep performance was best in laboratory air and worst in steam. The presence of either steam or argon accelerated creep rates and significantly reduced creep life. Composite microstructure, as well as damage and failure mechanisms were investigated. Matrix degradation appears to be the cause of early failures in argon and in steam. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Ruggles-Wrenn, M. B.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, AFIT ENY, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ruggles-Wrenn, MB (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, AFIT ENY, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM marina.ruggles-wrenn@afit.edu RI Ruggles-Wrenn, Marina/J-6103-2014 FU Air Force Research Laboratory, Propulsion Directorate FX The financial support of the Air Force Research Laboratory, Propulsion Directorate (Dr. R. Sikorski and Dr. J. Zelina) is highly appreciated. NR 42 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JUL 25 PY 2010 VL 527 IS 20 BP 5326 EP 5334 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2010.05.030 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 623QH UT WOS:000279756400039 ER PT J AU Eyet, N Viggiano, AA AF Eyet, Nicole Viggiano, A. A. TI Reexamination of the Quenching of NO+ Vibrations by O-2(a (1)Delta(g)) SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCES; MOLECULAR-OXYGEN; IONS; O-2(A(1)DELTA(G)); ENERGY; DENSITY AB The quenching of vibrationally excited NO+ by O-2(a (1)Delta(g)) has been examined using the monitor ion technique and chemical generation of O-2(a (1)Delta(g)). In contrast to previous results which showed that the rate constant was much larger than for ground state O-2, this study finds that the rate constant for quenching is below the detection limit (<10(-11) cm(3) s(-1)) of this experiment. The previous experiments produced O-2(a (1)Delta(g)) in a discharge, which would also produces O atoms. We found that the monitor ion CH3I+ reacts with O atoms to produce CHIOH+. This is the likely cause of error in the previous experiments. C1 [Eyet, Nicole; Viggiano, A. A.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. [Eyet, Nicole] St Anselm Coll, Dept Chem, Manchester, NH 03102 USA. [Eyet, Nicole] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. RP Viggiano, AA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, 29 Randolph Rd, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. EM albert.viggiano@hanscom.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Institute for Scientific Research of Boston College [FA8718-04-C-0055]; Air Force Summer Faculty FX We are grateful for the support of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research for this work. N.E. acknowledges funding from the Institute for Scientific Research of Boston College (FA8718-04-C-0055) and the Air Force Summer Faculty Fellowship Program. We thank Eldon Ferguson for many helpful discussions over the years. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JUL 22 PY 2010 VL 114 IS 28 BP 7506 EP 7508 DI 10.1021/jp1042987 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 624AA UT WOS:000279787300011 PM 20578766 ER PT J AU Sands, BL Leiweke, RJ Ganguly, BN AF Sands, Brian L. Leiweke, Robert J. Ganguly, Biswa N. TI Spatiotemporally resolved Ar (1s(5)) metastable measurements in a streamer-like He/Ar atmospheric pressure plasma jet SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PROPAGATION; AIR AB We have applied diode laser absorption spectroscopy to measure the line-integrated Ar (1s(5)) metastable column density in a streamer-like atmospheric pressure plasma jet with a 5% Ar to He gas flow driven by a 20 ns rise time, positive unipolar voltage pulse. The stability of this source enabled us to isolate Ar (1s(5)) production separately from the streamer head, a region of enhanced production near the anode, and renewed production in the residual streamer channel, which continued up to 1 mu s after the discharge was initiated. Over the first 4 mm from the capillary tip, Ar (1s(5)) production was dominated by processes occurring behind the streamer head with a combined column density as high as 10(12) cm(-2). Where the residual streamer channel production was significant, the Ar (1s(5)) column density remained > 10(11) cm(-2) up to 10 mu s after the discharge was initiated. This timescale is significantly longer than has been reported to date of He (2(3)S(1)) measured in a pure He plasma jet and Ar (1s(5)) in a pure Ar plasma jet using different configurations. The longer effective lifetime of Ar (1s(5)) in the He/Ar plasma jet significantly extended the timescale for afterglow plasma chemistry. C1 [Sands, Brian L.; Leiweke, Robert J.] Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Sands, Brian L.; Leiweke, Robert J.; Ganguly, Biswa N.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sands, BL (reprint author), Universal Energy Syst Inc, 4401 Dayton Xenia Rd, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM brian.sands@wpafb.af.mil; biswa.ganguly@wpafb.af.mil FU US Air Force [FA8650-04-D-2404] FX This work was supported under US Air Force Contract No FA8650-04-D-2404. NR 18 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 18 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD JUL 21 PY 2010 VL 43 IS 28 AR 282001 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/43/28/282001 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 617YU UT WOS:000279318600001 ER PT J AU Oyerokun, FT Vaia, RA Maguire, JF Farmer, BL AF Oyerokun, Folusho T. Vaia, Richard A. Maguire, John F. Farmer, Barry L. TI Role of Solvent Selectivity in the Equilibrium Surface Composition of Monolayers Formed from a Solution Containing Mixtures of Organic Thiols SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; PHASE-BEHAVIOR; METAL NANOPARTICLES; MIXED MONOLAYERS; GOLD; ALKANETHIOLS; ADSORPTION; INTERFACE; POLYMERS; KINETICS AB We have developed a simple model to quantify the effect of solvent selectivity on the surface composition of two-component self-assembled monolayers formed from solutions containing mixtures of organic thiols. The coarse-grained molecular model incorporates the relevant intermolecular interactions in the solution and monolayer to yield an expression for the free energy of monolayer formation. Minimization of the free energy results in a simple and analytically tractable expression for the monolayer composition as a function of solvent selectivity (defined as the difference in the Flory-type interaction parameters of the two organic thiols in the solution) and the degree of incompatibility between the adsorbate molecules. A comparison of our theory to experiments on the formation of two-component self-assembled monolayers from solution indicates that the coarse-grained molecular model captures the trends in the experimental data quite well. C1 [Oyerokun, Folusho T.; Vaia, Richard A.; Maguire, John F.; Farmer, Barry L.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Oyerokun, FT (reprint author), USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM folusho.oyerokun.clr@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Office for Scientific Research FX This research was performed while F.T.O. held the National Research Council Associateship Award at the Air Force Research Laboratory. We thank the Air Force Office for Scientific Research for funding. NR 26 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD JUL 20 PY 2010 VL 26 IS 14 BP 11991 EP 11997 DI 10.1021/la101464j PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 623QK UT WOS:000279756700056 PM 20565086 ER PT J AU Chimenti, RV Dierking, MP Powers, PE Haus, JW Bailey, ES AF Chimenti, Robert V. Dierking, Matthew P. Powers, Peter E. Haus, Joseph W. Bailey, Eric S. TI Experimental verification of sparse frequency linearly frequency modulated ladar signals modeling SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID WAVE-FORM DESIGN; LASER-RADAR; SYSTEM AB We present the results of an experiment designed to verify the results of a previously published theoretical model that predicts the range resolution and peak-to-side lobe ratio of sparse frequency linearly frequency modulated (SF-FM) ladar signals. We use two ultra stable diode lasers which are frequency locked and can be current tuned in order to adjust the difference frequency between the two lasers. The results of the experiment verify the previously developed model proving that SF-LFM ladar signals have the ability to increase the range resolution of a ladar system without the need for larger bandwidth modulators. Finally we simulate a target at a range of approximately 150 meters through the use of a fiber optic delay line, and demonstrate the ability of SF-LFM ladar signals to detect a target at range. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Chimenti, Robert V.; Powers, Peter E.; Haus, Joseph W.; Bailey, Eric S.] Univ Dayton, Ladar & Opt Commun Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Chimenti, Robert V.; Powers, Peter E.; Haus, Joseph W.; Bailey, Eric S.] Univ Dayton, Electroopt Program, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Chimenti, Robert V.] B&W Tek Inc, Newark, DE 19713 USA. [Dierking, Matthew P.] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RYJM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Powers, Peter E.] Univ Dayton, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Chimenti, RV (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Ladar & Opt Commun Inst, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM robertc@bwtek.com FU U.S. Air Force t [FA8650-06-2-1081]; University of Dayton Ladar and Optical Communications Institute (LOCI) FX This effort was supported in part by the U.S. Air Force through contract number FA8650-06-2-1081, and the University of Dayton Ladar and Optical Communications Institute (LOCI). The authors would like to extend special thanks to Nicholas Miller, Dr. Bradley Duncan, Dr. Igor Anisimov, and everyone else at LOCI for their help and support. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect on the official policy of the Air Force, Department of Defense or the U.S. Government. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD JUL 19 PY 2010 VL 18 IS 15 BP 15400 EP 15407 DI 10.1364/OE.18.015400 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 635YG UT WOS:000280693300015 PM 20720919 ER PT J AU Wang, W Lu, YL Knize, RJ Reinhardt, K Chen, SC AF Wang, Wei Lu, Yalin Knize, R. J. Reinhardt, Kitt Chen, Shaochen TI Tuning the extraordinary transmission in a metallic/dielectric CDC hole array by changing the temperature SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID TERAHERTZ TRANSMISSION; OPTICAL-TRANSMISSION; SUBWAVELENGTH APERTURES; SURFACE-PLASMONS; CHANNEL SHAPE; THZ; TECHNOLOGY; CRYSTAL; DEPTH; LIGHT AB Tunable extraordinary transmission via changing temperature of a porous metallic layer on top of a thin layer of dielectric strontium titanate (STO) was studied. The metallic layer has a through-hole array and each hole has a circular converging-diverging channel (CDC) shape, which induces the excitation of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) and then results in a controllable extraordinary optical transmission in the terahertz (THz) frequency range. We used a three-dimensional (3D) finite element method to analyze the transmission characteristics of the structure. Location and magnitude of the transmission peaks can be adjusted by hole size, converging angle, and thicknesses of metal and STO layers. Remarkably, the suggested structure presents a strong transmission dependency on temperature, which offers a new approach to actively and externally tune the transmission. This new design could lead to a family of temperature-sensitive devices working in the THz frequency range, promising in many applications including photonics, nanolithography, imaging, and sensing. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Wang, Wei; Chen, Shaochen] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Mech Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Lu, Yalin; Knize, R. J.] USAF Acad, Laser Opt Res Ctr, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Reinhardt, Kitt] AFOSR NE, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Wang, W (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Dept Mech Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM scchen@mail.utexas.edu FU US National Science Foundation; Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) FX Financial support from the US National Science Foundation and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) is greatly appreciated. The authors are grateful for the computer support from Intel's Higher Education Program. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD JUL 19 PY 2010 VL 18 IS 15 BP 15553 EP 15559 DI 10.1364/OE.18.015553 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 635YG UT WOS:000280693300031 PM 20720935 ER PT J AU Huang, CS de La Beaujardiere, O Pfaff, RF Retterer, JM Roddy, PA Hunton, DE Su, YJ Su, SY Rich, FJ AF Huang, Chao-Song de La Beaujardiere, O. Pfaff, R. F. Retterer, J. M. Roddy, P. A. Hunton, D. E. Su, Y. -J. Su, S. -Y. Rich, F. J. TI Zonal drift of plasma particles inside equatorial plasma bubbles and its relation to the zonal drift of the bubble structure SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SPREAD-F BUBBLES; NONLINEAR EVOLUTION; IRREGULARITIES; DEPLETIONS; DYNAMICS; VELOCITIES AB It has been observed that the zonal drift velocity of equatorial plasma bubbles is generally eastward. However, it has not been well understood whether the zonal drift of plasma bubbles is the same as the ambient plasma drift and what process causes differences in the drift velocities of the ambient plasma and bubbles. In this study we analyze the ion drift velocities measured by the Defense Meteorological Satellites Program and ROCSAT-1 satellites and the electric fields measured by the Communications/Navigation Outage Forecasting System (C/NOFS) satellite in the presence of equatorial spread F. We find that the zonal drift velocity of the plasma particles inside plasma bubbles is significantly different from the ambient plasma drift. The relative zonal velocity of the ions inside the depletion region with respect to the ambient plasma is generally westward. In most cases it can be as high as several hundreds of meters per second. The plasma bubbles detected by the C/NOFS satellite in the midnight-dawn sector are still growing, and the polarization electric field inside the postmidnight bubbles is much stronger than the electric field in the ambient plasma. We suggest that the zonal drift velocity of the plasma particles inside the depletion region is driven by polarization electric field. When a plasma bubble is tilted, the E x B drift velocity caused by the polarization electric field has an upward component and a zonal component. Because of the zonal motion of the plasma particles inside the bubble, the eastward drift velocity of the bubble structure is faster than the ambient plasma drift for a west-tilted bubble and slower than the ambient plasma drift for an east-tilted bubble. C1 [Huang, Chao-Song] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. [de La Beaujardiere, O.; Retterer, J. M.; Roddy, P. A.; Hunton, D. E.; Su, Y. -J.] USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom Afb, MA 01731 USA. [Pfaff, R. F.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Rich, F. J.] MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. [Su, S. -Y.] Natl Cent Univ, Inst Space Sci, Chungli 32054, Taiwan. [Su, S. -Y.] Natl Cent Univ, Ctr Space & Remote Sensing Res, Chungli 32054, Taiwan. RP Huang, CS (reprint author), Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, 402 St Clements Hall,140 Commonwealth Ave, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. EM chaosong.huang.ctr@hanscom.af.mil RI Pfaff, Robert/F-5703-2012 OI Pfaff, Robert/0000-0002-4881-9715 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [FA9550-09-1-0321]; Air Force Research Laboratory; Department of Defense; NASA; Naval Research Laboratory; Aerospace Corporation FX Work by C. S. H. was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) award FA9550-09-1-0321. The C/NOFS mission is supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory, the Department of Defense Space Test Program, NASA, the Naval Research Laboratory, and The Aerospace Corporation. We thank Eftyhia Zesta for helpful discussion on the DMSP VEFI data. We gratefully acknowledge the Air Force Research Laboratory for providing the DMSP thermal plasma data. NR 35 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUL 17 PY 2010 VL 115 AR A07316 DI 10.1029/2010JA015324 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 627PF UT WOS:000280051400007 ER PT J AU Streltsov, AV Pedersen, TR AF Streltsov, A. V. Pedersen, T. R. TI An alternative method for generation of ULF waves by ionospheric heating SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID AURORAL ARCS; MAGNETOSPHERE AB We present results from a numerical study of the generation of ULF waves by the ionospheric feedback instability (IFI) initiated by heating the ionosphere with a powerful HF transmitter. Previous investigations in this area suggested that even a relatively weak modification of the ionospheric conductivity by the heater can initiate IFI and enhance its development, if the heating wave is modulated with a frequency of the most feedback-unstable ULF mode. In this paper, we show that the development of the instability and, as a result, the generation of ULF waves, can be significantly enhanced if the heating spot is moved in the direction of the background electric field with the velocity defined from a simulation of the coupled magnetosphere-ionosphere model. Citation: Streltsov, A. V., and T. R. Pedersen (2010), An alternative method for generation of ULF waves by ionospheric heating, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L14101, doi: 10.1029/2010GL043543. C1 [Streltsov, A. V.] Dartmouth Coll, Thayer Sch Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Pedersen, T. R.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Streltsov, AV (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Thayer Sch Engn, 8000 Cummings Hall, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM anatoly.streltsov@dartmouth.edu FU Department of Defense; ONR [N00014-10-1-0439]; DARPA [HR0011-09-C-0099.]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) is a Department of Defense project operated jointly by the U.S. Air Force and U. S. Navy. Authors wish to thank Morris Cohen for fruitful discussions of ionospheric heating with HAARP. Work at Dartmouth is supported in part by the HAARP project under the ONR award N00014-10-1-0439 and by DARPA through contract HR0011-09-C-0099. Work at AFRL was sponsored by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 16 PY 2010 VL 37 AR L14101 DI 10.1029/2010GL043543 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 627MO UT WOS:000280044000001 ER PT J AU Chen, JZ Shiyanov, P Zhang, LW Schlager, JJ Green-Church, KB AF Chen, Jianzhong Shiyanov, Pavel Zhang, Liwen Schlager, John J. Green-Church, Kari B. TI Top-Down Characterization of a Native Highly Intralinked Protein: Concurrent Cleavages of Disulfide and Protein Backbone Bonds SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-CAPTURE DISSOCIATION; IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; STATISTICAL CHARACTERIZATION; COLLISIONAL ACTIVATION; PEPTIDE DISSOCIATION; METAL-COMPLEXES; CHARGED IONS; FRAGMENTATION; POLYPEPTIDES; INVOLVEMENT AB Top-down analysis of proteins has developed rapidly in recent years. However, its application to disulfide-bonded proteins is still limited. Using native chicken lysozyme as a model, we studied the characteristics of collision-induced dissociation (CID) of disulfide-bonded proteins on an LTQ Orbitrap mass spectrometer with electrospray ionization (ESI) in positive mode. For low-charged protein precursor ions with no or limited mobile protons, product ions generated from CID correspond to the concurrent cleavages of disulfide and protein backbone bonds. Up to three disulfide bonds could be easily cleaved with four possible dissociation pathways for each disulfide bond. That led to modifications of the corresponding cysteine residues through addition or subtraction of a hydrogen atom or sulfhydryl group. The protein backbone cleavages mainly occurred at the amide bonds from C-terminal to aspartic acid residues (e.g., ion series of b(18), b(48), and y(28)), N-C(alpha) bonds from N-terminal to cysteine residues (e.g., c(5), ion series of c(29) and c(63)), and amide bonds from C-terminal to glutamic acid residues (e.g., ion series of b(35)). The characteristics of the top-down analysis for this highly knotted protein will help to understand the general dissociation pattern of disulfide-bonded proteins, which in turn will help to avoid time-consuming bottom-up procedures for the identification of proteins and their modifications. C1 [Chen, Jianzhong; Shiyanov, Pavel; Schlager, John J.] USAF, Res Lab, Appl Biotechnol Branch, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Chen, Jianzhong; Zhang, Liwen; Green-Church, Kari B.] Ohio State Univ, Mass Spectrometry & Prote Facil, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Chen, JZ (reprint author), 460 W 12th Ave,246 Biomed Res Tower, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM jianzhongc@yahoo.com RI Green, Kari/H-3541-2011; Chen, Jianzhong/I-4450-2012; Zhang, Liwen/P-1111-2016 NR 37 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUL 15 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 14 BP 6079 EP 6089 DI 10.1021/ac1006766 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 623GU UT WOS:000279727800023 PM 20560528 ER PT J AU Lucas, MS Munoz, JA Mauger, L Li, CW Sheets, AO Turgut, Z Horwath, J Abernathy, DL Stone, MB Delaire, O Xiao, YM Fultz, B AF Lucas, M. S. Munoz, J. A. Mauger, L. Li, Chen W. Sheets, A. O. Turgut, Z. Horwath, J. Abernathy, D. L. Stone, M. B. Delaire, O. Xiao, Yuming Fultz, B. TI Effects of chemical composition and B2 order on phonons in bcc Fe-Co alloys SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR RESONANT SCATTERING; KINETIC PATHS; PARAMETERS; IRON AB The phonon density of states (DOS) gives insight into interatomic forces and provides the vibrational entropy, making it a key thermodynamic function for understanding alloy phase transformations. Nuclear resonant inelastic x-ray scattering and inelastic neutron scattering were used to measure the chemical dependence of the DOS of bcc Fe-Co alloys. For the equiatomic alloy, the A2 -> B2 (chemically disordered -> chemically ordered) phase transformation caused measurable changes in the phonon spectrum. The measured change in vibrational entropy upon ordering was -0.02 +/- 0.02 k(B)/atom, suggesting that vibrational entropy results in a reduction in the order-disorder transition temperature by 60 +/- 60 K. The Connolly-Williams cluster inversion method was used to obtain interaction DOS (IDOS) curves that show how point and pair variables altered the phonon DOS of disordered bcc Fe-Co alloys. These IDOS curves accurately captured the change in the phonon DOS and vibrational entropy of the B2 ordering transition. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3456500] C1 [Lucas, M. S.; Sheets, A. O.; Turgut, Z.; Horwath, J.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Lucas, M. S.] UTC Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Munoz, J. A.; Mauger, L.; Li, Chen W.; Fultz, B.] CALTECH, WM Keck Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Abernathy, D. L.; Stone, M. B.; Delaire, O.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Xiao, Yuming] Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, HPCAT, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lucas, MS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM matthew.steven.lucas@gmail.com RI Li, Chen/D-1542-2010; Munoz, Jorge/C-8427-2011; Stone, Matthew/G-3275-2011; Abernathy, Douglas/A-3038-2012; BL18, ARCS/A-3000-2012 OI Li, Chen/0000-0002-0758-5334; Stone, Matthew/0000-0001-7884-9715; Abernathy, Douglas/0000-0002-3533-003X; FU Scientific User Facilities Division; Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, DOE; Department of Energy through the Basic Energy Sciences [DE-FG02-03ER46055, W-31-109-ENG-38]; DOE-BES [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; DOE-NNSA; NSF [DMR-0520547]; DOD-TACOM; W. M. Keck Foundation FX The portions of this work conducted at Oak Ridge National Laboratory were supported by the Scientific User Facilities Division and by the Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, DOE. This work was supported by the Department of Energy through the Basic Energy Sciences Grant Nos. DE-FG02-03ER46055 and BES-MS, W-31-109-ENG-38. Portions of this work were performed at HPCAT (Sector 16), Advanced Photon Source (APS), Argonne National Laboratory. Use of the HPCAT facility was supported by DOE-BES, DOE-NNSA (CDAC), NSF, DOD-TACOM, and the W. M. Keck Foundation. Use of the APS was supported by DOE-BES under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. This work benefited from DANSE software developed under NSF Grant No. DMR-0520547. NR 30 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 15 PY 2010 VL 108 IS 2 AR 023519 DI 10.1063/1.3456500 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 638QL UT WOS:000280909900031 ER PT J AU Jeon, IY Kang, SW Tan, LS Baek, JB AF Jeon, In-Yup Kang, Sang-Wook Tan, Loon-Seng Baek, Jong-Beom TI Grafting of Polyaniline onto the Surface of 4-Aminobenzoyl-Functionalized Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube and Its Electrochemical Properties SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART A-POLYMER CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE electrochemistry; high-performance polymers; multiwalled carbon nanotube; nanocomposites; polyaniline; polyphosphoric acid ID CONDUCTING POLYMER; COMPOSITES; NANOCOMPOSITES; FUNCTIONALIZATION; REDUCTION; CHEMISTRY; DEVICES; SENSORS; LAYER; ACID AB Polyaniline (PANi)-grafted multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWNT) composite is prepared by a two-step reaction sequence. MWNT is first functionalized with 4-aminobenzoic acid in polyphosphoric acid/phosphorous pentoxide as a "direct" Friedel-Crafts acylation reaction medium. The resultant 4-aminobenzoyl-functionalized MWNT is then treated with aniline using ammonium persulfate/aqueous hydrochloric acid to promote a chemical oxidative polymerization, leading to PANi-grafted MWNT composite. The resultant composite is characterized by elemental analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, wide-angle X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and electrical conductivity measurement. The thermooxidative stability and electrical conductivity of PANi-grafted MWNT composite are improved compared to those of PANi. Specifically, the electrical conductivity of PANi-grafted MWNT is improved 10900 times depending upon the level of doping. The capacitance of the composite is also greatly enhanced. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 3103-3112, 2010 C1 [Jeon, In-Yup; Kang, Sang-Wook; Baek, Jong-Beom] UNIST, Interdisciplinary Sch Green Energy, Ulsan 689897, South Korea. [Tan, Loon-Seng] USAF, Res Lab, Nanostruct & Biol Mat Branch, Mat & Mfg Directorate,AFRL RXBN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Baek, JB (reprint author), UNIST, Interdisciplinary Sch Green Energy, 100 Banyeon, Ulsan 689897, South Korea. EM jbbaek@unist.ac.kr RI Baek, Jong-Beom/E-5883-2010; Tan, Loon-Seng/F-6985-2012 OI Baek, Jong-Beom/0000-0003-4785-2326; Tan, Loon-Seng/0000-0002-2134-9290 FU US Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Asian Office of Aerospace R and D (AFOSR-AOARD); National Research Foundation [D00267] FX The authors are grateful to Jeong Hee Lee of Chungbuk National University for conducting SEM. This project was supported by funding from US Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Asian Office of Aerospace R and D (AFOSR-AOARD) and National Research Foundation (D00267). NR 53 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 20 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-624X J9 J POLYM SCI POL CHEM JI J. Polym. Sci. Pol. Chem. PD JUL 15 PY 2010 VL 48 IS 14 BP 3103 EP 3112 DI 10.1002/pola.24091 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 622ZX UT WOS:000279707300014 ER PT J AU Miller, JD Slipchenko, MN Meyer, TR Stauffer, HU Gord, JR AF Miller, Joseph D. Slipchenko, Mikhail N. Meyer, Terrence R. Stauffer, Hans U. Gord, James R. TI Hybrid femtosecond/picosecond coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering for high-speed gas-phase thermometry SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We demonstrate hybrid femtosecond/picosecond (fs/ps) coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering for high-speed thermometry in unsteady high-temperature flames, including successful comparisons with a time-and frequency-resolved theoretical model. After excitation of the N(2) vibrational manifold with 100 fs broadband pump and Stokes beams, the Raman coherence is probed using a frequency-narrowed 2.5 ps probe beam that is time delayed to suppress the nonresonant background by 2 orders of magnitude. Experimental spectra were obtained at 500 Hz in steady and pulsed H(2)-air flames and exhibit a temperature precision of 2.2% and an accuracy of 3.3% up to 2400 K. Strategies for real-time gas-phase thermometry in high-temperature flames are also discussed, along with implications for kilohertz-rate measurements in practical combustion systems. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Miller, Joseph D.; Slipchenko, Mikhail N.; Meyer, Terrence R.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Slipchenko, Mikhail N.] Purdue Univ, Weldon Sch Biomed Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Stauffer, Hans U.; Gord, James R.] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Meyer, TR (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM trm@iastate.edu RI Meyer, Terrence/F-1556-2011 FU National Research Council; United States Air Force Office of Scientific Research (USAFOSR); Department of Defense FX This work was supported, in part, by the National Research Council and the United States Air Force Office of Scientific Research (USAFOSR). J. Miller was funded by the Department of Defense through the National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship Program. The authors are grateful to S. Roy of Spectral Energies, LLC, to S. Danczyk and D. Talley of the Air Force Research Laboratory, and to C. Dedic and A. Vaidyanathan of Iowa State University for their assistance. NR 7 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 14 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD JUL 15 PY 2010 VL 35 IS 14 BP 2430 EP 2432 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 626VC UT WOS:000279994400039 PM 20634853 ER PT J AU Kanmae, T Stenbaek-Nielsen, HC McHarg, MG Haaland, RK AF Kanmae, Takeshi Stenbaek-Nielsen, Hans C. McHarg, Matthew G. Haaland, Ryan K. TI Observation of blue sprite spectra at 10,000 fps SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHOTOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS; RED SPRITES; EMISSIONS; IONIZATION; ENERGY AB Spectra from individual sprite streamer heads and column-shaped glows were observed with a high-speed slit-less spectrograph at 10,000 fps during an aircraft campaign in August 2009. Blue emissions were recorded from streamer heads in five events and from glows in one event. The streamer heads consistently have a larger fraction of blue emission spectra compared to the glows for the events in 19 August 2009. It confirms, at unprecedented spatial, temporal, and spectral resolution, the more energetic nature of sprite streamer heads than column-shaped glows. For the events on 19 August 2009, estimated local electric fields in the streamer heads are 0.4-0.9E(k), and those in the glows are 0.3-0.6E(k), where E(k) is the conventional breakdown threshold field. Citation: Kanmae, T., H. C. Stenbaek-Nielsen, M. G. McHarg, and R. K. Haaland (2010), Observation of blue sprite spectra at 10,000 fps, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L13808, doi:10.1029/2010GL043739. C1 [Kanmae, Takeshi; Stenbaek-Nielsen, Hans C.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Haaland, Ryan K.] Ft Lewis Coll, Dept Phys & Engn, Durango, CO 81301 USA. [McHarg, Matthew G.] USAF Acad, Space Phys & Atmospher Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Kanmae, T (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, 903 Koyukuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM tkammae@gi.alaska.edu; hnielsen@gi.alaska.edu; matthew.mcharg@usafa.edu; haaland_r@fortlewis.edu OI Kanmae, Takeshi/0000-0001-9893-9718 FU NCAR team; NSF [ATM-0737605] FX The aircraft campaign used the NSF sponsored HIAPER aircraft operated by NCAR. We thank J. Jensen and all the members of the NCAR team for their support. We also thank S. Cummer for access to the Duke University real-time lightning data displays, which were very helpful during the flight operations. TK would like to thank R. Fernsler and T. Adachi for fruitful discussions and helpful comments on interpretation of sprite optical emissions. The GOES-12 infrared image is provided by NOAA National Climatic Data Center. This work was supported by a NSF grant ATM-0737605 to the University of Alaska Fairbanks. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 13 PY 2010 VL 37 AR L13808 DI 10.1029/2010GL043739 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 627ML UT WOS:000280043700002 ER PT J AU Garner, TW Taylor, BT Gaussiran, TL Coley, WR Hairston, MR Rich, FJ AF Garner, T. W. Taylor, B. T. Gaussiran, T. L., II Coley, W. R. Hairston, M. R. Rich, F. J. TI Statistical behavior of the topside electron density as determined from DMSP observations: A probabilistic climatology SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INTERNATIONAL REFERENCE IONOSPHERE; CORRELATION-COEFFICIENT TEST; LOGNORMAL-DISTRIBUTION; SOLAR MINIMUM; F-REGION; MODEL; IRI; F2-LAYER; PERIOD; VARIABILITY AB The Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) has flown spacecraft with ionospheric payloads since 1987. Over this period, DMSP has collected over two hundred million electron density measurements. This paper presents a statistical analysis of the DMSP topside electron density measurements from 1995 to 2005 with additional data from 1992. Nearly 140 million quality-checked data points are binned by solar activity, magnetic latitude, season, and solar zenith angle or magnetic local time. When binned, the data usually obey a three-parameter lognormal distribution. These parameters represent the density floor (the minimum possible density), the median density, and the variability in the densities. In general, the density floor, the median density, and the variability increase with solar activity and peak near the magnetic equator. Away from the equator, these parameters are higher during local summer and for lower solar zenith angles. However, the median density and the variability near the magnetic equator are greater in the dusk sector where the prereversal enhancement pushes F region plasma to higher altitudes. In addition, all three parameters show a marked asymmetry between the northern and southern hemispheres. A probabilistic climatology model is created by modeling these parameters and using the lognormal probability distribution function. This new model provides an occurrence frequency for different densities given the F10.7 solar radio flux, magnetic latitude, day of year, and either solar zenith angle or magnetic local time. C1 [Garner, T. W.; Taylor, B. T.; Gaussiran, T. L., II] Univ Texas Austin, Appl Res Labs, Space & Geophys Lab, Austin, TX 78758 USA. [Coley, W. R.; Hairston, M. R.] Univ Texas Dallas, William B Hanson Ctr Space Sci, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. [Rich, F. J.] USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. RP Garner, TW (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Appl Res Labs, Space & Geophys Lab, 10000 Burnet Rd,F0252, Austin, TX 78758 USA. EM garner@arlut.utexas.edu; taylor.brandon.t@gmail.com; gauss@arlut.utexas.edu; coley@utdallas.edu; hairston@utdallas.edu; frederick.rich@ll.mit.edu OI Coley, William Robin/0000-0003-2047-0002; Hairston, Marc/0000-0003-4524-4837; Gaussiran, Thomas/0000-0002-5442-7507 FU Intelligence Community [NGA-2009-1]; National Science Foundation [ATM-0101118, ATM-0101119] FX This work was supported at the Applied Research Laboratories by the Intelligence Community Postdoctoral Research Fellowship Program under grant NGA-2009-1. This work was also supported at the University of Texas at Dallas by the National Science Foundation under grants ATM-0101118 and ATM-0101119. NR 47 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUL 13 PY 2010 VL 115 AR A07306 DI 10.1029/2009JA014695 PG 25 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 627OX UT WOS:000280050500001 ER PT J AU McDonald, I Sloan, GC Zijlstra, AA Matsunaga, N Matsuura, M Kraemer, KE Bernard-Salas, J Markwick, AJ AF McDonald, I. Sloan, G. C. Zijlstra, A. A. Matsunaga, N. Matsuura, M. Kraemer, K. E. Bernard-Salas, J. Markwick, A. J. TI RUSTY OLD STARS: A SOURCE OF THE MISSING INTERSTELLAR IRON? SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; globular clusters: individual (NGC 362, NGC 5139, NGC 5927); infrared: stars; stars: AGB and post-AGB; stars: mass-loss; stars: winds, outflows ID MASS-LOSS; AGB STARS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; CONDENSATION SEQUENCE; GLOBULAR-CLUSTERS; EMISSION FEATURE; FORMING REGIONS; DUST PRODUCTION; OMEGA-CENTAURI; M-GIANTS AB Iron, the universe's most abundant refractory element, is highly depleted in both circumstellar and interstellar environments, meaning it exists in solid form. The nature of this solid is unknown. In this Letter, we provide evidence that metallic iron grains are present around oxygen-rich asymptotic giant branch stars, where it is observationally manifest as a featureless mid-infrared excess. This identification is made using Spitzer Space Telescope observations of evolved globular cluster stars, where iron dust production appears ubiquitous and in some cases can be modeled as the only observed dust product. In this context, FeO is examined as the likely carrier for the 20 mu m feature observed in some of these stars. Metallic iron appears to be an important part of the dust condensation sequence at low metallicity, and subsequently plays an influential role in the interstellar medium. We explore the stellar metallicities and luminosities at which iron formation is observed, and how the presence of iron affects the outflow and its chemistry. The conditions under which iron can provide sufficient opacity to drive a wind remain unclear. C1 [McDonald, I.; Zijlstra, A. A.; Markwick, A. J.] Jodrell Bank, Ctr Astrophys, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Sloan, G. C.; Bernard-Salas, J.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Matsunaga, N.] Univ Tokyo, Inst Astron, Tokyo 1810015, Japan. [Matsuura, M.] UCL, UCL Inst Origins, Astrophys Grp, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Matsuura, M.] Univ Coll London, Mullard Space Sci Lab, UCL Inst Origins, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. [Kraemer, K. E.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP McDonald, I (reprint author), Jodrell Bank, Ctr Astrophys, Alan Turing Bldg, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. EM iain.mcdonald-2@jb.man.ac.uk; sloan@isc.astro.cornell.edu; albert.zijlstra@manchester.ac.uk; matsunaga@ioa.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp; mikako@star.ucl.ac.uk; andrew.markwick@manchester.ac.uk OI Kraemer, Kathleen/0000-0002-2626-7155 FU NASA through JPL [1257184]; NASA [1407] FX This Letter uses observations made using the Spitzer Space Telescope, operated by JPL, California Institute of Technology under NASA contract 1407 and supported by NASA through JPL (contract number 1257184). We thank Martha Boyer for her helpful comments. NR 48 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD JUL 10 PY 2010 VL 717 IS 2 BP L92 EP L97 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/717/2/L92 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 619LC UT WOS:000279430700004 ER PT J AU Streltsov, AV Pedersen, TR Mishin, EV Snyder, AL AF Streltsov, A. V. Pedersen, T. R. Mishin, E. V. Snyder, A. L. TI Ionospheric feedback instability and substorm development SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FIELD LINE RESONANCES; AURORAL ARCS; ALFVEN WAVES; VLF WAVES; MAGNETOSPHERE; GENERATION; ELECTROJET; ONSET; MODEL; ELF AB We report on ground magnetic and optical observations performed during an ionospheric heating experiment at the High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) facility in Alaska on 29 October 2008. The experiment was aimed at generation of large-amplitude ULF electromagnetic waves by triggering and facilitating development of the ionospheric feedback instability (IFI) in the region adjacent to a bright auroral arc. In this region the downward/return magnetic field-aligned current decreases plasma density and enhances the electric field in the ionosphere. A combination of these two effects creates favorable conditions for the instability. The experiment occurred during a period of substorm activity, but effects from the HAARP transmitter were not sufficiently intense to be detected against the background of strong natural oscillations occurring farther north from the HAARP site. Thus the experiment did not provide concrete evidence that heating of the ionosphere with powerful HF transmitters can affect IFI development or generate intense ULF electromagnetic waves. However, during the experiment ground-based magnetometers in Alaska and Canada detected large-amplitude ULF waves in regions where the substorm onset auroral arcs interacted with the ionosphere. The frequencies of these waves closely matched frequencies predicted by simulations of IFI for these particular geophysical conditions. These observations support the hypothesis that geomagnetic substorms, the corresponding dynamics of discrete auroral arcs, and the ionospheric feedback instability are closely connected phenomena. C1 [Streltsov, A. V.] Dartmouth Coll, Thayer Sch Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Pedersen, T. R.; Mishin, E. V.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Snyder, A. L.] NW Res Associates, Redmond, WA USA. RP Streltsov, AV (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Thayer Sch Engn, 8000 Cummings Hall, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM streltsov@dartmouth.edu FU HAARP [N00014-08-1-0439]; NASA [NNX08AI36G, NNX08AM14G, NAS5-02099]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [2301SD] FX The High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) is a Department of Defense project operated jointly by the U.S. Air Force and U.S. Navy. This work is supported in part by the HAARP project under ONR award N00014-08-1-0439 to the Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks and NASA grants NNX08AI36G and NNX08AM14G to Dartmouth College. Work at AFRL was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research task 2301SD. We acknowledge NASA contract NAS5-02099 and V. Angelopoulos for use of data from the THEMIS Mission. Specifically, we thank S. Mende and E. Donovan for use of the ASI data and the CSA for logistical support in fielding and data retrieval from the GBO stations. Authors wish to thank Joe Kan, John Samson, and Anthony Lui for fruitful discussions of sub-storm physics; Mike McCarrick for help with conducting the experiment; Jim Battis for help with processing the magnetometer data; and Harald Frey for help with THEMIS ASI optical data. NR 39 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUL 8 PY 2010 VL 115 AR A07205 DI 10.1029/2009JA014961 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 624NQ UT WOS:000279826200004 ER PT J AU Natarajan, LV White, TJ Wofford, JM Tondiglia, VP Sutherland, RL Siwecki, SA Bunning, TJ AF Natarajan, Lalgudi V. White, Timothy J. Wofford, Jeremy M. Tondiglia, Vincent P. Sutherland, Richard L. Siwecki, Stephen A. Bunning, Timothy J. TI Laser initiated thermal tuning of a cholesteric liquid crystal SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE cholesteric liquid crystals; dyes; laser beam effects; liquid crystal phase transformations; photothermal effects; spectral line shift ID PHASE-TRANSITION; PITCH; COLOR AB We report on the large wavelength range and light-initiated thermal tuning of the reflection of a liquid crystal (LC) formulation (S811/ZLI-2806) near a smectic (SmA) to cholesteric (CLC) phase transition enabled by the use of a high order parameter heat transfer dye (anthraquinone, AQ). Upon irradiation with a 647 nm Krypton ion (Kr(+)) laser line, absorption by AQ generates heat that is transferred to the surrounding LC host. In the S811/ZLI-2806 formulation examined here, the optically generated increase in temperature serves to transition the phase from SmA to CLC. As has been documented, the SmA -> CLC transition is typified by a pitch contraction that blueshifts the position of the CLC reflection, in this case a shift from 2500 to 700 nm that can occur in less than 100 s. The tuning range and speed are dependent on the laser power and the amount of dye in the cell. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3459957] C1 [Natarajan, Lalgudi V.; White, Timothy J.; Wofford, Jeremy M.; Tondiglia, Vincent P.; Sutherland, Richard L.; Siwecki, Stephen A.; Bunning, Timothy J.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Natarajan, Lalgudi V.; Tondiglia, Vincent P.; Sutherland, Richard L.; Siwecki, Stephen A.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. RP Natarajan, LV (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM timothy.bunning@wpafb.af.mil RI White, Timothy/D-4392-2012 NR 25 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 5 PY 2010 VL 97 IS 1 AR 011107 DI 10.1063/1.3459957 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 623AB UT WOS:000279707800007 ER PT J AU Idesman, AV Subramanian, K Schmidt, M Foley, JR Tu, Y Sierakowski, RL AF Idesman, A. V. Subramanian, K. Schmidt, M. Foley, J. R. Tu, Y. Sierakowski, R. L. TI Finite element simulation of wave propagation in an axisymmetric bar SO JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article ID HOPKINSON PRESSURE BAR; LINEAR ELASTODYNAMICS PROBLEMS; CYLINDRICAL BAR; STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS; LONGITUDINAL-WAVES; DISPERSION; END; DISSIPATION; BEHAVIOR; STRESS AB An accurate solution for high-frequency pulse propagation in an axisymmetric elastic bar is obtained using a new finite element technique that yields accurate non-oscillatory solutions for wave propagation problems in solids. The solution of the problem is very important for the understanding of dynamics experiments in the split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB). In contrast to known approaches, no additional assumptions are necessary for the accurate solution of the considered problem. The new solution helps to elucidate the complicated distribution of parameters during high-frequency pulse propagation down the bar as well as to estimate the applicability of the traditional dispersion correction used in the literature for the analysis of wave propagation in a finite bar. Due to the dimensionless formulation of the problem, the numerical results obtained depend on Poisson's ratio, the length of the bar and the pulse frequency, and are independent of Young's modulus, the density and the radius of the bar. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Idesman, A. V.; Subramanian, K.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Schmidt, M.; Foley, J. R.; Tu, Y.; Sierakowski, R. L.] USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Idesman, AV (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM alexander.idesman@coe.ttu.edu FU Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board [003644 0008 2006]; DOE [DE-FC03-03NA00144]; Air Force Research Lab, Eglin [FA8651-08-D-0108]; Air Force Summer Faculty Fellowship Programs [2007, 2008] FX The research of AVI has been supported in part by the Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board under Grant 003644 0008 2006, DOE under Grant DE-FC03-03NA00144, the Air Force Research Lab, Eglin (contract # FA8651-08-D-0108), as well as the support of the Air Force Summer Faculty Fellowship Programs 2007 and 2008. The technical assistance of Himadri Samajder (Texas Tech University) is very much appreciated. NR 46 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-460X EI 1095-8568 J9 J SOUND VIB JI J. Sound Vibr. PD JUL 5 PY 2010 VL 329 IS 14 BP 2851 EP 2872 DI 10.1016/j.jsv.2010.01.021 PG 22 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 583RI UT WOS:000276696300010 ER PT J AU Berry, PA Schepler, KL AF Berry, P. A. Schepler, K. L. TI High-power, widely-tunable Cr2+:ZnSe master oscillator power amplifier systems SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID ZINC CHALCOGENIDES; CONTINUOUS-WAVE; LASER; EFFICIENT AB We demonstrate high-power Cr2+:ZnSe master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) pure continuous wave (CW) laser systems with output power of 14 W and amplifier gain greater than 2X. In addition, we develop a theoretical model for this type of amplification and show single-knob tunability at high powers over 400 nm. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Berry, P. A.; Schepler, K. L.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Berry, PA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM patrick.berry@wpafb.af.mil OI Schepler, Kenneth/0000-0001-9658-2305; Berry, Patrick/0000-0003-1294-6509 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Sensors Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory FX The authors would like to thank S. Mirov, V. Fedorov and I. Moskalev (University of Alabama - Birmingham) for extensive discussions on modeling the nature of Cr2+ as well as experimental collaboration. The authors would also like to acknowledge their colleagues and collaborators P. Powers (University of Dayton), T. Wagner, R. Bedford, R. Peterson, J. Evans, C. Phelps, S. Hegde and J. McCurdy (Air Force Research Lab) as well as funding support by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and the Sensors Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory. NR 17 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 12 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD JUL 5 PY 2010 VL 18 IS 14 BP 15062 EP 15072 DI 10.1364/OE.18.015062 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 622DN UT WOS:000279639900078 PM 20639992 ER PT J AU Braydich-Stolle, LK Speshock, JL Castle, A Smith, M Murdock, RC Hussain, SM AF Braydich-Stolle, Laura K. Speshock, Janice L. Castle, Alicia Smith, Marcus Murdock, Richard C. Hussain, Saber M. TI Nanosized Aluminum Altered Immune Function SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE nanotoxicity; nanoparticle; aluminum; inflammatory response; immune response ID RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; PANTON-VALENTINE LEUKOCIDIN; WALL CARBON NANOTUBES; PULMONARY TOXICITY; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; NANOPARTICLES; RATS; INSTILLATION; CHALLENGES AB On the basis of their uses in jet fuels and munitions, the most likely scenario for aluminum nanoparticle (NP) exposure is inhalation. NPs have been shown to be capable of penetrating deep into the alveolar regions of the lung, and therefore human alveolar macrophages (U937) with human type II pneumocytes (A549) were cultured together and exposed to NPs dispersed in an artificial lung surfactant to more accurately mimic the lung microenvironment. Two types of NPs were evaluated: aluminum (Al) and aluminum oxide (Al(2)O(3)). Following a 24-h incubation, cell viability was assessed using MTS, and mild toxicity was observed at higher doses with the U937 cells affected more than the A549. Since the U937 cells provided protection from NP toxicity, the cocultures were exposed to a benign concentration of NPs and infected with the respiratory pathogen community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (ca-MRSA) to determine any changes in cellular function. Phagocytosis assays demonstrated that the NPs impaired phagocytic function, and bacterial growth curves confirmed that this reduction in phagocytosis was not related to NP - bacteria interactions. Furthermore, NF kappa B PCR arrays and an IL-6 and TNF-alpha real time PCR demonstrated that both types of NPs altered immune response activation. This change was confirmed by ELISA assays that evaluated the secretion of IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-1 beta, and TNF-alpha and illustrated that the NPs repressed secretion of these cytokines. Therefore, although the NPs were not toxic to the cells, they did impair the cell's natural ability to respond to a respiratory pathogen regardless of NP composition. C1 [Braydich-Stolle, Laura K.; Speshock, Janice L.; Castle, Alicia; Smith, Marcus; Murdock, Richard C.; Hussain, Saber M.] USAF, Res Lab, Appl Biotechnol Branch, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Smith, Marcus] AFRL RZPF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Smith, Marcus] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Div Met & Ceram, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Hussain, SM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Appl Biotechnol Branch, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM saber.hussain@wpafb.af.mil FU NST Nanoenergetic Effort through the Air Force Research Laboratories; Henry Jackson Foundation; Defense Threat Reduction Agency-National Research Council FX This work was supported through an NST Nanoenergetic Effort through the Air Force Research Laboratories in collaboration with C. Bunker. L.K.B.-S. is funded through the Henry Jackson Foundation, J.L.S. through a postdoctoral fellowship from the Defense Threat Reduction Agency-National Research Council, A.C. by the Consortium of Research Fellows Program, and M.S. through a Dayton Area Graduate Studies Institute fellowship. NR 30 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 3 U2 38 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD JUL PY 2010 VL 4 IS 7 BP 3661 EP 3670 DI 10.1021/nn9016789 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 631RG UT WOS:000280364800015 PM 20593840 ER PT J AU Jespersen, ML Mirau, PA von Meerwall, E Vaia, RA Rodriguez, R Giannelis, EP AF Jespersen, Michael L. Mirau, Peter A. von Meerwall, Ernst Vaia, Richard A. Rodriguez, Robert Giannelis, Emmanuel P. TI Canopy Dynamics in Nanoscale Ionic Materials SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE nanoscale ionic materials; nanoparticle liquids; ionic liquids; nuclear magnetic resonance; silica nanoparticles ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; LIQUID-LIKE BEHAVIOR; STUDYING TRANSLATIONAL DIFFUSION; FUNCTIONALIZED CARBON NANOTUBES; ATACTIC POLYPROPYLENE MELTS; MODEL-FREE APPROACH; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; METAL NANOPARTICLES; LIGAND-EXCHANGE; NMR DIFFUSION AB Nanoscale ionic materials (NIMS) are organic inorganic hybrids in which a core nanostructure is functionalized with a covalently attached corona and an ionically tethered organic canopy. NIMS are engineered to be liquids under ambient conditions in the absence of solvent and are of interest for a variety of applications. We have used nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation and pulse-field gradient (PFG) diffusion experiments to measure the canopy dynamics of NIMS prepared from 18-nm silica cores modified by an alkylsilane monolayer possessing terminal sulfonic acid functionality, paired with an amine-terminated ethylene oxide/propylene oxide block copolymer canopy. Carbon NMR studies show that the block copolymer canopy is mobile both in the bulk and in the NIMS and that the fast (ns) dynamics are insensitive to the presence of the silica nanoparticles. Canopy diffusion in the NIMS is slowed relative to the neat canopy, but not to the degree predicted from the diffusion of hard-sphere particles. Canopy diffusion is not restricted to the surface of the nanoparticles and shows unexpected behavior upon addition of excess canopy. Taken together, these data indicate that the liquid-like behavior in NIMS is due to rapid exchange of the block copolymer canopy between the ionically modified nanoparticles. C1 [Jespersen, Michael L.; Mirau, Peter A.; Vaia, Richard A.] USAF, Res Labs, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Jespersen, Michael L.] CNR, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [von Meerwall, Ernst] Univ Akron, Dept Phys, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Rodriguez, Robert; Giannelis, Emmanuel P.] Cornell Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Mirau, PA (reprint author), USAF, Res Labs, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM peter.mirau@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; National Science Foundation [DMR 04 55117]; King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) [KUS-C1-018-02] FX Funding provided by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research is gratefully acknowledged. The diffusion portion of this work was supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. DMR 04 55117. This publication is based on work supported by Award No. KUS-C1-018-02, made by King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST). This research was carried out while M. Jespersen was an NRC Postdoctoral Fellow at the Air Force Research Laboratories. We thank H. Koerner and M. Tchoul for assistance with SAXS experiments and GPC experiments, respectively, as well as for productive discussions regarding this research. NR 50 TC 35 Z9 40 U1 5 U2 49 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD JUL PY 2010 VL 4 IS 7 BP 3735 EP 3742 DI 10.1021/nn100112h PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 631RG UT WOS:000280364800023 PM 20536222 ER PT J AU Quinlan, JD Gauron, MR Deschere, BR Stephens, MB AF Quinlan, Jeffrey D. Gauron, Michael R. Deschere, Bruce R. Stephens, Mark B. TI Care of the Returning Veteran SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Article ID TRAUMATIC BRAIN-INJURY; POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; OPERATION IRAQI FREEDOM; VIETNAM VETERANS; US VETERANS; RISK; ARMY; AFGHANISTAN; DEPRESSION; SOLDIERS AB Of the 23.8 million military veterans living in the United States, approximately 3 million have served in Operation Enduring Freedom or Operation Iraqi Freedom. The injuries and illnesses that affect veterans returning from combat are predictable. Blast injuries are common and most often present as mild traumatic brain injury, which is synonymous with concussion. Family physicians caring for returning veterans will also encounter conditions such as posttraumatic stress disorder at rates higher than those in the general population. The symptoms associated with posttraumatic stress disorder and mild traumatic brain injury often overlap and can present concurrently. Treatment of traumatic brain injury should be based on symptoms and guided by clinical practice guidelines from the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs and Department of Defense. Family physicians should understand the range of post-war health concerns and screen returning service members for posttraumatic stress disorder, substance abuse, suicidality, and clinical depression. Family physicians are well positioned to offer continuity of care for issues affecting returning service members and to coordinate the delivery of specialized care when needed. (Am Fam Physician. 2010;82(1):43-49. Copyright (C) 2010 American Academy of Family Physicians.) C1 [Stephens, Mark B.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, F Edward Hebert Sch Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Quinlan, Jeffrey D.] USN, Med Support Command, Jacksonville, FL USA. [Gauron, Michael R.] Mike OCallaghan Fed Hosp, Family Med Residency Program, Nellis AFB, NV USA. [Deschere, Bruce R.] USN, Hosp Pensacola, Family Med Residency Program, Pensacola, FL USA. RP Stephens, MB (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, F Edward Hebert Sch Med, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM mstephens@usuhs.mil RI Stephens, Mark/A-2679-2015 NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 USA SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD JUL 1 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 1 BP 43 EP 49 PG 7 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 621PV UT WOS:000279594300008 PM 20590069 ER PT J AU Sena, MJ Larson, S Piovesan, N Vercruysse, G AF Sena, Matthew J. Larson, Steve Piovesan, Nathen Vercruysse, Gary TI Surgical Application of Kaolin-Impregnated Gauze (Combat Gauze (TM)) in Severe Hemorrhagic Gastritis SO AMERICAN SURGEON LA English DT Letter ID HYPOTHERMIC COAGULOPATHIC SWINE; REDUCE BLOOD-LOSS; V LIVER-INJURIES; RESUSCITATION VOLUME; IMPROVE SURVIVAL C1 [Sena, Matthew J.; Larson, Steve; Piovesan, Nathen; Vercruysse, Gary] 332nd Expeditionary Med Grp, Joint Base Balad, Iraq. [Sena, Matthew J.] Univ Calif, Davis Med Ctr, Div Trauma & Emergency Surg, Sacramento, CA USA. [Larson, Steve] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Div Gastroenterol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Vercruysse, Gary] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Sena, MJ (reprint author), 332nd Expeditionary Med Grp, Joint Base Balad, Iraq. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOUTHEASTERN SURGICAL CONGRESS PI ATLANTA PA 141 WEST WIEUCA RD, STE B100, ATLANTA, GA 30342 USA SN 0003-1348 J9 AM SURGEON JI Am. Surg. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 76 IS 7 BP 774 EP 775 PG 2 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 619GF UT WOS:000279416500024 PM 20698390 ER PT J AU Shumelyuk, A Volkov, A Odoulov, S Cook, G Evans, DR AF Shumelyuk, A. Volkov, A. Odoulov, S. Cook, G. Evans, D. R. TI Coupling of counterpropagating light waves in low-symmetry photorefractive crystals SO APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS LA English DT Article ID SN2P2S6; PHASE; DIFFRACTION; GRATINGS AB Coupling of two counterpropagating coherent light waves in tin hypothiodiphosphate (Sn(2)P(2)S(6), SPS) is usually strongly inhibited because of severe space charge limitations. Analysis of two-beam coupling gain is performed for different orientations of the grating vector in this monoclinic crystal that takes into account the anisotropy of dielectric permittivity. Gain enhancements are predicted and demonstrated experimentally for several nontraditional orientations of counterpropagating waves. C1 [Shumelyuk, A.; Volkov, A.; Odoulov, S.] Natl Acad Sci, Inst Phys, UA-03650 Kiev, Ukraine. [Cook, G.; Evans, D. R.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Cook, G.] Azimuth Corp, Dayton, OH USA. RP Odoulov, S (reprint author), Natl Acad Sci, Inst Phys, 46 Sci Ave, UA-03650 Kiev, Ukraine. EM odoulov@iop.kiev.ua FU European Office of Research and Development via Science and Technology Center, Ukraine [P335] FX The authors thank A. Grabar and I. Stoyka for the SPS samples. A part of this work was conducted during S. Odoulov's stay at the Air Force Research Laboratory. The Financial support from European Office of Research and Development via Science and Technology Center, Ukraine (Project P335) is gratefully acknowledged. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0946-2171 J9 APPL PHYS B-LASERS O JI Appl. Phys. B-Lasers Opt. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 100 IS 1 SI SI BP 101 EP 108 DI 10.1007/s00340-010-3998-6 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 631UT UT WOS:000280376100010 ER PT J AU Kee, PD Perram, GP AF Kee, Patrick D. Perram, Glen P. TI Electronic State Distributions of YBa2Cu3O7-x Laser-Ablated Plumes SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Electronic temperatures; Pulsed laser deposition; YBCO; Emission spectra; Time-of-flight spectra; Plume imagery ID BA-CU-O; COATED CONDUCTORS; INDUCED PLASMAS; DEPOSITION; EMISSION; TEMPERATURE; YBCO; SPECTROSCOPY; PERFORMANCE; DYNAMICS AB A systematic study of the spectrally resolved atomic emission arising from the laser ablation of YBa2Cu3O7, targets in the presence of an oxygen background reveals statistically distributed populations with characteristic temporally averaged electronic temperatures of 0.28-0.38 eV, 0.28-0.37 eV, and 0.40-048 eV for neutral barium, yttrium, and copper, respectively. The higher electronic temperatures of the lighter copper atoms cannot be explained by the effects of temporal averaging, as the time-of-flight spectra are similar for all three atomic species. The electronic temperatures decline slowly with distance from the target, with a characteristic length of 20 to 200 mean free paths. The plume kinetic energies determined from gated imagery recorded time-of-flight spectra are much higher, 3-250 eV, suggesting a small fraction of the kinetic energy is converted to electronic excitation during each collision at the shock contact front. A correlation between electronic temperatures and shock strength reduces the dimensionality of the dependence on pressure and target distance. The dependence of electronic temperature on deposition condition is weak, suggesting the electronic state distribution is a poor candidate as a monitor for process control during the manufacture of coated conductors. C1 [Kee, Patrick D.; Perram, Glen P.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Perram, GP (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM glen.perram@afit.edu OI Perram, Glen/0000-0002-4417-3929 NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0003-7028 EI 1943-3530 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 64 IS 7 BP 742 EP 749 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 623BY UT WOS:000279713500009 PM 20615287 ER PT J AU Bush, ML Pritchett, C Packer, M Ray-Chaudhury, A Jacob, A AF Bush, Matthew L. Pritchett, Cedric Packer, Mark Ray-Chaudhury, Abhik Jacob, Abraham TI Hemangioblastoma of the Cerebellopontine Angle SO ARCHIVES OF OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD & NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article ID HIPPEL-LINDAU-DISEASE; SOLID HEMANGIOBLASTOMAS; NATURAL-HISTORY; RADIOSURGERY AB Tumors of the cerebellopontine angle (CPA) constitute 6% to 10% of all intracranial neoplasms. Most are vestibular schwannomas (VSs) and meningiomas, but as many as 1 in 5 CPA lesions are of other etiologies.(1,2) Hemangioblastomas (HMBs), which are highly vascular tumors of the central nervous system, represent up to 12% of infratentorial, intracranial tumors in adults and typically arise in the cerebellum, spinal cord, and brainstem.(3) One in 4 HMBs is associated with von Hippel Lindau (VHL) disease.(4) A cerebellar HMB is found in 44% to 72% of patients with VHL disease; however, involvement of the CPA is uncommon. When present within the CPA, HMBs may mimic VSs because the 2 entities have similar magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics. Cystic changes are seen in 70% to 75% of all HMBs.(6,7) We report our experience with a large CPA HMB, which was initially thought to be an atypical cystic VS. Clinical and histologic findings of HMBs are discussed along with the potential for hearing preservation surgery when these lesions occur in the CPA. C1 [Bush, Matthew L.; Jacob, Abraham] Ohio State Univ, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Ray-Chaudhury, Abhik] Ohio State Univ, Dept Pathol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Pritchett, Cedric] Ohio State Univ, Coll Med, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Packer, Mark] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Bush, ML (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, 456 W 10th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM matthew.bush@osumc.edu NR 15 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0886-4470 J9 ARCH OTOLARYNGOL JI Arch. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 136 IS 7 BP 734 EP 738 PG 5 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 625WA UT WOS:000279926300017 PM 20644074 ER PT J AU Weaver, HA Feldman, PD Merline, WJ Mutchler, MJ A'Hearn, MF Bertaux, JL Feaga, LM Parker, JW Slater, DC Steffl, AJ Chapman, CR Drummond, JD Stern, SA AF Weaver, H. A. Feldman, P. D. Merline, W. J. Mutchler, M. J. A'Hearn, M. F. Bertaux, J-L Feaga, L. M. Parker, J. W. Slater, D. C. Steffl, A. J. Chapman, C. R. Drummond, J. D. Stern, S. A. TI Ultraviolet and visible photometry of asteroid (21) Lutetia using the Hubble Space Telescope SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE minor planets, asteroids: general; minor planets, asteroids: individual: (21) Lutetia ID ROSETTA FLY-BY; SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE; PARENT BODIES; RADAR SURVEY; 2867 STEINS; SURFACE; MISSION; ALBEDOS; OBJECTS; TARGET AB Context. The asteroid (21) Lutetia is the target of a planned close encounter by the Rosetta spacecraft in July 2010. To prepare for that flyby, Lutetia has been extensively observed by a variety of astronomical facilities. Aims. We used the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) to determine the albedo of Lutetia over a wide wavelength range, extending from similar to 1500 angstrom to similar to 7000 angstrom. Methods. Using data from a variety of HST filters and a ground-based visible light spectrum, we employed synthetic photometry techniques to derive absolute fluxes for Lutetia. New results from ground-based measurements of Lutetia's size and shape were used to convert the absolute fluxes into albedos. Results. We present our best model for the spectral energy distribution of Lutetia over the wavelength range 1200-8000 angstrom. There appears to be a steep drop in the albedo (by a factor of similar to 2) for wavelengths shorter than similar to 3000 angstrom. Nevertheless, the far ultraviolet albedo of Lutetia (similar to 10%) is considerably larger than that of typical C-chondrite material (similar to 4%). The geometric albedo at 5500 angstrom is 16.5 +/- 1%. Conclusions. Lutetia's reflectivity is not consistent with a metal-dominated surface at infrared or radar wavelengths, and its albedo at all wavelengths (UV-visibile-IR-radar) is larger than observed for typical primitive, chondritic material. We derive a relatively high FUV albedo of similar to 10%, a result that will be tested by observations with the Alice spectrograph during the Rosetta flyby of Lutetia in July 2010. C1 [Weaver, H. A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Dept Space, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Feldman, P. D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Merline, W. J.; Parker, J. W.; Steffl, A. J.; Chapman, C. R.] SW Res Inst, Dept Space Studies, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [Mutchler, M. J.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [A'Hearn, M. F.; Feaga, L. M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Bertaux, J-L] CNRS, Serv Aeron, F-91371 Verrieres Le Buisson, France. [Slater, D. C.] SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. [Drummond, J. D.] USAF, Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. [Stern, S. A.] SW Res Inst, Space Div, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. RP Weaver, HA (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Dept Space, 11100 Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. EM hal.weaver@jhuapl.edu RI Weaver, Harold/D-9188-2016 FU NASA through Space Telescope Science Institute [11957]; NASA [NAS5-26555] FX Support for this work was provided by NASA through a grant from the Space Telescope Science Institute (program #11957), which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Incorporated, under NASA contract NAS5-26555. NR 34 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JUL-AUG PY 2010 VL 518 AR A4 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/200913950 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 695AH UT WOS:000285342500025 ER PT J AU Uttenthaler, S Stute, M Sahai, R Blommaert, JADL Schultheis, M Kraemer, KE Groenewegen, MAT Price, SD AF Uttenthaler, S. Stute, M. Sahai, R. Blommaert, J. A. D. L. Schultheis, M. Kraemer, K. E. Groenewegen, M. A. T. Price, S. D. TI Galactic bulge giants: probing stellar and galactic evolution I. Catalogue of Spitzer IRAC and MIPS sources SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Galaxy: bulge; galaxies: stellar content; infrared: stars; stars: late-type; stars: mass-loss; stars: AGB and post-AGB ID STAR-FORMATION HISTORY; INFRARED ARRAY CAMERA; 8.0 MU-M; SPACE-TELESCOPE; INTERSTELLAR EXTINCTION; AGB STARS; 2MASS; GLIMPSE; ISOGAL; BANDS AB Aims. We aim at measuring mass-loss rates and the luminosities of a statistically large sample of Galactic bulge stars at several galactocentric radii. The sensitivity of previous infrared surveys of the bulge has been rather limited, thus fundamental questions for late stellar evolution, such as the stage at which substantial mass-loss begins on the red giant branch and its dependence on fundamental stellar properties, remain unanswered. We aim at providing evidence and answers to these questions. Methods. To this end, we observed seven 15 x 15 arcmin(2) fields in the nuclear bulge and its vicinity with unprecedented sensitivity using the IRAC and MIPS imaging instruments on-board the Spitzer Space Telescope. In each of the fields, tens of thousands of point sources were detected. Results. In the first paper based on this data set, we present the observations, data reduction, the final catalogue of sources, and a detailed comparison to previous mid-IR surveys of the Galactic bulge, as well as to theoretical isochrones. We find in general good agreement with other surveys and the isochrones, supporting the high quality of our catalogue. C1 [Uttenthaler, S.; Blommaert, J. A. D. L.] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Inst Sterrenkunde, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium. [Stute, M.; Sahai, R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Stute, M.] Univ Athens, Dept Phys, Sect Astrophys Astron & Mech, Athens 15784, Greece. [Stute, M.] Univ Athens, IASA, Athens 15784, Greece. [Stute, M.] Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Gen A Avogadro, I-10125 Turin, Italy. [Schultheis, M.] Observ Besancon, F-25000 Besancon, France. [Kraemer, K. E.; Price, S. D.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Groenewegen, M. A. T.] Royal Observ Belgium, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium. RP Uttenthaler, S (reprint author), Katholieke Univ Leuven, Inst Sterrenkunde, Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium. EM stefan@ster.kuleuven.be OI Uttenthaler, Stefan/0000-0002-0055-3815; Kraemer, Kathleen/0000-0002-2626-7155 FU NASA; National Science Foundation; Fund for Scientific Research of Flanders (FWO) [G.0470.07]; European Community [MRTN-CT-2004 005592] FX We thank Sean Carey for providing the artifact correction tools used for this work. This research made use of Tiny Tim/Spitzer, developed by John Krist for the Spitzer Science Center. The Center is managed by the California Institute of Technology under a contract with NASA. The research described in this publication was partly carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. This work is based on observations made with the Spitzer Space Telescope, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under a contract with NASA. Support for this work was provided by NASA through an award issued by the JPL/Caltech. This publication makes use of data products from the Two Micron All Sky Survey, which is a joint project of the University of Massachusetts and the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center/California Institute of Technology, funded by NASA and the National Science Foundation. S.U. acknowledges support from the Fund for Scientific Research of Flanders (FWO) under grant number G.0470.07. MSt has been supported by the European Community's Marie Curie Actions - Human Resource and Mobility within the JETSET (Jet Simulations, Experiments and Theory) network under contract MRTN-CT-2004 005592. NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 517 AR A44 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/200912232 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 638WR UT WOS:000280929400054 ER PT J AU Gaona, KL AF Gaona, Kasie L. TI Comparative Study of Musculoskeletal Injuries in Transport Aircrew SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE C-5; C-17; duties not to include flying; loadmasters; body mass index; age ID PILOTS AB GAONA KL. Comparative study of musculoskeletal injuries in transport aircrew. Aviat Space Environ Med 2010; 81:688-90. Introduction: Musculoskeletal (MS) injuries causally associated with aircraft or aircrew positions pose a threat to safety and readiness. The purpose of this study was to compare and contrast MS injury rates between C-5 and C-17 aircrew members at Travis Air Force Base. Methods: Data were collected retrospectively from the Duties Not to Include Flying (DNIF) log maintained at the Flight Medicine Clinic. Active duty C-5 and C-17 aircrew MS injuries documented in the log from May 2008 to May 2009 were analyzed. Results: A total of 63 injuries were identified in a 12-mo period that resulted in DNIF status. Of the total, 12 (19.1%) were pilots, 13 (20.6%) were flight engineers, 37 (58.7%) were loadmasters; 58 (92.1%) were men and 5 (7.9%) were women. C-5 aircrew represented 57.1% of the reported injuries; C-17 aircrew represented 42.9% of the reported injuries. The findings did not indicate a difference between C-5 and C-17 aircrew MS injuries; however, loadmasters were at an increased risk. Increased age and body mass index also correlated to an increased risk of MS injuries in the C-5 and C-17 community. Discussion: C-5 and C-17 loadmasters are at an increased risk of MS injury based on aircrew position. However, 67.6% of loadmaster's injuries were reported as not duty-related, suggesting that off-duty actions are potentially affecting mission readiness and safety. These findings supported the importance of maintaining good physical condition as a preventative safety measure against MS injuries. C1 [Gaona, Kasie L.] David Grant Med Ctr, Travis AFB, CA USA. RP Gaona, KL (reprint author), 60 AMDS SGPF,101 Bodin Dr, Travis AFB, CA USA. EM kasie.gaona@travis.af.mil NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 81 IS 7 BP 688 EP 690 DI 10.3357/ASEM.2747.2010 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 616CZ UT WOS:000279187200011 PM 20597250 ER PT J AU Cannon, JA Krokhmal, PA Lenth, RV Murphey, R AF Cannon, Jordan A. Krokhmal, Pavlo A. Lenth, Russell V. Murphey, Robert TI An algorithm for online detection of temporal changes in operator cognitive state using real-time psychophysiological data SO BIOMEDICAL SIGNAL PROCESSING AND CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Cognitive state; Psychophysiological data; EEG; EOG; Kullback-Leibler distance; Statistical analysis ID BRAIN-COMPUTER INTERFACES; ADAPTIVE AUTOMATION; SERIES PREDICTION; TASK; EEG; SYSTEM; INDEXES AB We consider the problem of on-the-fly detection of temporal changes in the cognitive state of human subjects due to varying levels of difficulty of performed tasks using real-time EEG and EOG data. We construct the Cognitive State Indicator (CSI) as a function that projects the multidimensional EEG/EOG signals onto the interval [0,1] by maximizing the Kullback-Leibler distance between distributions of the signals, and whose values change continuously with variations in cognitive load. During offline testing (i.e., when evolution in time is disregarded) it was demonstrated that the CSI can serve as a statistically significant discriminator between states of different cognitive loads. In the online setting, a trend detection heuristic (TDH) has been proposed to detect real-time changes in the cognitive state by monitoring trends in the CSI. Our results support the application of the CSI and the TDH in future closed-loop control systems with human supervision. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Krokhmal, Pavlo A.] Univ Iowa, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Seamans Ctr 3131, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Lenth, Russell V.] Univ Iowa, Dept Stat & Actuarial Sci, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Murphey, Robert] USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Krokhmal, PA (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Seamans Ctr 3131, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM krokhmal@engineering.uiowa.edu FU National Science Foundation; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX J. Cannon acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation's Graduate Research Fellowship. P. Krokhmal and R. Murphey acknowledge support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1746-8094 J9 BIOMED SIGNAL PROCES JI Biomed. Signal Process. Control PD JUL PY 2010 VL 5 IS 3 BP 229 EP 236 DI 10.1016/j.bspc.2010.03.005 PG 8 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Medical Laboratory Technology SC Engineering; Medical Laboratory Technology GA 615HU UT WOS:000279126200007 ER PT J AU Weber, E Fernandez, M Wapner, P Hoffman, W AF Weber, E. Fernandez, M. Wapner, P. Hoffman, W. TI Comparison of X-ray micro-tomography measurements of densities and porosity principally to values measured by mercury porosimetry for carbon-carbon composites SO CARBON LA English DT Article ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; GRAPHITE; FIELD AB X-ray Micro-Tomography (mu CT) applied to carbon carbon composites is shown to be able to quantify the amount, shape, and distribution in three dimensions of both open and closed porosity with a minimum dimension greater than 10 mu m. Being a non-destructive technique, it is also able to track these values following each densification cycle. It is also demonstrated that mu CT is able to obtain bulk density values for non-uniform samples as well as the same results for skeletal density as other techniques used conventionally. Furthermore, values for open porosity comparable to those obtained by mercury porosimetry can be obtained by X-ray Micro-Tomography if the value obtained by the mercury porosimeter is truncated below the resolution of the mu CT. Finally, it is shown that in conjunction with data from the mercury porosimetry, mu CT is also able to demonstrate the presence of "bottle-neck" pores i.e. open pores with restricted pore access dimensions. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Weber, E.; Fernandez, M.; Hoffman, W.] USAF, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. [Wapner, P.] ERC Inc, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Hoffman, W (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 10 E Saturn Blvd, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. EM wesley.hoffman@us.af.mil NR 19 TC 12 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PD JUL PY 2010 VL 48 IS 8 BP 2151 EP 2158 DI 10.1016/j.carbon.2009.11.047 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 597SD UT WOS:000277780500002 ER PT J AU Kryzak, TJ Sperling, JW Schleck, CD Cofield, RH AF Kryzak, Thomas J. Sperling, John W. Schleck, Cathy D. Cofield, Robert H. TI Hemiarthroplasty for Proximal Humerus Fractures in Patients with Parkinson's Disease SO CLINICAL ORTHOPAEDICS AND RELATED RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TOTAL SHOULDER ARTHROPLASTY; BONE-DENSITY; REPLACEMENT; FALLS; ARTHRITIS AB Parkinson's disease is a relatively common problem in geriatric patients with an annual incidence rate of 20.5 per 100,000. These patients are at increased risk for falls and resultant fractures. Several reports suggest total shoulder arthroplasty in patients with fractures has a relatively high rate of complications. Whether hemiarthroplasty reduces the rate of complications or improves pain or function is not known. We therefore determined the ROM, pain, complications, and rate of failure of hemiarthroplasty for management of proximal humerus fractures in patients with Parkinson's disease. We retrospectively reviewed all eight hemiarthroplasties in patients with Parkinson's disease for fracture of the proximal humerus between 1978 and 2005. Seven patients (seven shoulders) had a minimum of 2 years followup (mean, 9.9 years; range, 2-16 years). Postoperatively, the mean active abduction was 97A degrees, mean external rotation was 38A degrees, and internal rotation was a mean of being able to reach the level of the sacrum. The mean postoperative pain score was 2.5 points (on a scale of 1-5). There was a greater tuberosity nonunion in one patient and a superior malunion of the greater tuberosity in three patients. No patient had revision surgery. The benefit of hemiarthroplasty for proximal humerus fractures in patients with Parkinson's disease was marginal with three shoulders in seven patients having moderate to severe persistent pain and limited function postoperatively. Level IV, therapeutic study. See Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence. C1 [Kryzak, Thomas J.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Sperling, John W.; Cofield, Robert H.] Mayo Clin, Dept Orthopaed, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. [Schleck, Cathy D.] Mayo Clin, Dept Biostat, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. RP Sperling, JW (reprint author), Mayo Clin, Dept Orthopaed, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. EM sperling.john@mayo.edu NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0009-921X J9 CLIN ORTHOP RELAT R JI Clin. Orthop. Rel. Res. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 468 IS 7 BP 1817 EP 1821 DI 10.1007/s11999-010-1353-1 PG 5 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 607QM UT WOS:000278521400016 PM 20387015 ER PT J AU Bebarta, VS Blair, HW Morgan, DL Maddry, J Borys, DJ AF Bebarta, Vikhyat Sugyani Blair, Holly W. Morgan, David L. Maddry, Joseph Borys, Douglas J. TI Validation of the American Association of Poison Control Centers out of hospital guideline for pediatric diphenhydramine ingestions SO CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Diphenhydramine; Overdose; Children; Poison center; Guideline ID INTOXICATION AB Context. In 2006, the American Association of Poison Control Centers (AAPCC) published an out of hospital guideline for diphenhydramine overdoses in children. This guideline has not been validated. Objective. Our objective was to determine the incidence of serious clinical effects or use of medical treatments after unintentional diphenhydramine ingestions in children. We sought to determine if patients with less than 7.5 mg/kg ingestions developed medical complications of diphenhydramine toxicity. Materials and methods. In our observational case series, we searched 7 years of data (2000-2006) in the Texas Poison Center Network for diphenhydramine using the AAPCC generic codes. We included only acute, single ingestions of diphenhydramine in children under 6 years old. We included only patients with a recorded weight, known amount of ingestant, and known follow-up. We defined "serious clinical effects" as hallucinations, seizure, wide QRS on electrocardiogram, wide complex dysrhythmia, any conduction block, hypotension, hypertension, rhabdomyolysis, pyrexia, dystonia, coma, respiratory depression, or death. One trained abstractor reviewed the data and entered it into an electronic data collection form. Twenty percent of the charts were audited for abstractor agreement. Results. Our search resulted in 928 cases. Of these, 305 were included in our study. Of the patients who ingested doses less than 7.5 mg/kg, 99.7% (299/300) did not require critical treatments or were without serious clinical effects. One child was admitted. Five children ingested doses of more than 7.5 mg/kg. All five were observed in the emergency department and discharged home. Two patients had serious clinical effects of hallucinations, one of which ingested more than 7.5 mg/kg. No child required critical treatments. Our agreement on chart review for 20% of the cases was very good for "serious clinical effects" (kappa, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.39-1.0) and excellent for "critical treatments" (kappa, 1.0). Conclusion. Based on our observational case series, 99.6% of patients who reportedly ingested doses less than 7.5 mg/kg did not develop serious clinical effects or require admission. Pediatric ingestions over 7.5 mg/kg were uncommon in our study population. Serious clinical effects, critical treatments, and admission from diphenhydramine were rare in children under 6 years old. C1 [Bebarta, Vikhyat Sugyani] USAF, Wilford Hall Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, San Antonio, TX 78261 USA. [Blair, Holly W.; Borys, Douglas J.] Cent Texas Poison Ctr, Temple, TX USA. [Morgan, David L.] Scott & White Mem Hosp & Clin, Dept Emergency Med, Temple, TX 76508 USA. [Maddry, Joseph] SAUSHEC Residency, Wilford Hall Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Bebarta, VS (reprint author), USAF, Wilford Hall Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, 23239 Crest View Way, San Antonio, TX 78261 USA. EM vikbebarta@yahoo.com NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI NEW YORK PA 52 VANDERBILT AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1556-3650 J9 CLIN TOXICOL JI Clin. Toxicol. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 48 IS 6 BP 559 EP 562 DI 10.3109/15563650.2010.497149 PG 4 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 671HY UT WOS:000283492900012 PM 20569075 ER PT J AU Bebarta, VS Varney, S Sessions, D Barry, D Borys, D AF Bebarta, V. S. Varney, S. Sessions, D. Barry, D. Borys, D. TI Spice: A New "Legal" Herbal Mixture Abused by Young Active Duty Military Personnel SO CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Bebarta, V. S.; Borys, D.] Texas A&M Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Temple, TX USA. [Varney, S.; Sessions, D.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, San Antonio, TX USA. [Barry, D.] USN, Med Ctr, Portsmith, VA USA. RI Bebarta, Vikhyat/M-1513-2015 NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI NEW YORK PA 52 VANDERBILT AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1556-3650 J9 CLIN TOXICOL JI Clin. Toxicol. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 48 IS 6 MA 138 BP 632 EP 632 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 671HY UT WOS:000283492900158 ER PT J AU Bebarta, VS Vargas, T Borys, D Morgan, D Valtier, S AF Bebarta, V. S. Vargas, T. Borys, D. Morgan, D. Valtier, S. TI Drug Identification Calls for Drugs of Abuse: Is There a Difference Between Military and Non-Military Counties? SO CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Bebarta, V. S.; Borys, D.; Morgan, D.] Texas A&M Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Temple, TX USA. [Bebarta, V. S.; Borys, D.; Morgan, D.] Cent Texas Poison Ctr, Temple, TX USA. [Vargas, T.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, San Antonio, TX USA. [Valtier, S.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Div Clin Res, San Antonio, TX USA. RI Bebarta, Vikhyat/M-1513-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI NEW YORK PA 52 VANDERBILT AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1556-3650 J9 CLIN TOXICOL JI Clin. Toxicol. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 48 IS 6 MA 140 BP 633 EP 633 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 671HY UT WOS:000283492900160 ER PT J AU Bebarta, VS Vargas, T Borys, D Morgan, D Valtier, S AF Bebarta, V. S. Vargas, T. Borys, D. Morgan, D. Valtier, S. TI A Prescription Drug Abuse Marker for Military Bases - Poison Center Drug Identification Calls SO CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Bebarta, V. S.; Borys, D.; Morgan, D.] Texas A&M Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Temple, TX USA. [Bebarta, V. S.; Borys, D.; Morgan, D.] Cent Texas Poison Ctr, Temple, TX USA. [Vargas, T.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, San Antonio, TX USA. [Valtier, S.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Div Clin Res, San Antonio, TX USA. RI Bebarta, Vikhyat/M-1513-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI NEW YORK PA 52 VANDERBILT AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1556-3650 J9 CLIN TOXICOL JI Clin. Toxicol. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 48 IS 6 MA 139 BP 633 EP 633 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 671HY UT WOS:000283492900159 ER PT J AU Valtier, S Bebarta, VS Vargas, T AF Valtier, S. Bebarta, V. S. Vargas, T. TI Evaluation of a Method for Analysis of Hydrocodone and Metabolites in Urine by Tandem Mass Spectrometry SO CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Valtier, S.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Div Clin Res, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. [Bebarta, V. S.; Vargas, T.] Wiford Hall Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, San Antonio, TX USA. RI Bebarta, Vikhyat/M-1513-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI NEW YORK PA 52 VANDERBILT AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1556-3650 J9 CLIN TOXICOL JI Clin. Toxicol. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 48 IS 6 MA 281 BP 662 EP 662 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 671HY UT WOS:000283492900299 ER PT J AU Newlon, HR Lambiase, MC AF Newlon, Heather R. Lambiase, Matthew C. TI Disseminated Cutaneous Coccidioidomycosis Masquerading as Lupus Pernio SO CUTIS LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMIC MYCOSES; MANIFESTATIONS; DISEASE AB Coccidioides immitis, a pathogenic fungus endemic to arid regions, is the etiologic agent of cutaneous coccidioidomycosis Primary cutaneous coccidioidomycosis is rare The majority of cutaneous coccidioidomycosis infections are caused by dissemination of the fungus from the lungs to the skin Diagnosing cutaneous coccidioidomycosis often can be difficult because it can mimic a variety of other clinical conditions We present a case of a 45-year-old man presenting with cutaneous coccidioidomycosis on the tip of his nose This patient had pulmonary symptoms in addition to his cutaneous findings, leading to a diagnosis of disseminated coccidioidomycosis Cubs 2010,86 25-28 C1 [Newlon, Heather R.] San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium, Dept Dermatol, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. [Lambiase, Matthew C.] William Beaumont Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, El Paso, TX 79920 USA. RP Newlon, HR (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU QUADRANT HEALTHCOM INC PI PARSIPPANY PA 7 CENTURY DRIVE, STE 302, PARSIPPANY, NJ 07054-4603 USA SN 0011-4162 J9 CUTIS JI Cutis PD JUL PY 2010 VL 86 IS 1 BP 25 EP 28 PG 4 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 632CD UT WOS:000280396800006 PM 21049763 ER PT J AU Berzins, DW Roberts, HW AF Berzins, David W. Roberts, Howard W. TI Phase transformation changes in thermocycled nickel-titanium orthodontic wires SO DENTAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Nickel-titanium; Orthodontic wires; Differential scanning calorimetry; Phase transformations; Thermocycling ID TI-NI ALLOYS; TEMPERATURE-MODULATED DSC; SHAPE-MEMORY ALLOYS; R-PHASE; ARCHWIRES; BEHAVIOR; CORROSION; SYSTEM AB Objective. In the oral environment, orthodontic wires will be subject to thermal fluctuations. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of thermocycling on nickel-titanium (NiTi) wire phase transformations. Methods. Straight segments from single 27 and 35 degrees C copper NiTi (Ormco), Sentalloy (GAC), and Nitinol Heat Activated (3 M Unitek) archwires were sectioned into 5 mm segments (n = 20). A control group consisted of five randomly selected non-thermocycled segments. The remaining segments were thermocycled between 5 and 55 degrees C with five randomly selected segments analyzed with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC; -100 <-> 150 degrees C at 10 degrees C/min) after 1000, 5000, and 10,000 cycles. Thermal peaks were evaluated with results analyzed via ANOVA (alpha = 0.05). Results. Nitinol HA and Sentalloy did not demonstrate qualitative or quantitative phase transformation behavior differences. Significant differences were observed in some of the copper NiTi transformation temperatures, as well as the heating enthalpy with the 27 degrees C copper NiTi wires (p < 0.05). Qualitatively, with increased thermocycling the extent of R-phase in the heating peaks decreased in the 35 degrees C copper NiTi, and an austenite to martensite peak shoulder developed during cooling in the 27 degrees C copper NiTi. Significance. Repeated temperature fluctuations may contribute to qualitative and quantitative phase transformation changes in some NiTi wires. (C) 2010 Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Berzins, David W.] Marquette Univ, Sch Dent, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. [Roberts, Howard W.] USAF, Dent Evaluat & Consultat Serv, Great Lakes, IL USA. RP Berzins, DW (reprint author), Marquette Univ, Sch Dent, 113A Wehr Phys Bldg,POB 1881, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. EM david.berzins@marquette.edu NR 47 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0109-5641 J9 DENT MATER JI Dent. Mater. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 26 IS 7 BP 666 EP 674 DI 10.1016/j.dental.2010.03.010 PG 9 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science GA 607TU UT WOS:000278530300007 PM 20371115 ER PT J AU Wentzell, JM Wisco, OJ AF Wentzell, J. Michael Wisco, Oliver J. TI The Helix Jelly Roll Flap SO DERMATOLOGIC SURGERY LA English DT Article ID ADVANCEMENT FLAP; RIM DEFECTS; RECONSTRUCTION AB The authors have indicated no significant interest with commercial supporters. C1 [Wentzell, J. Michael] Billings Clin, Dept Dermatol, Billings, MT 59107 USA. [Wisco, Oliver J.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Wentzell, JM (reprint author), Billings Clin, Dept Dermatol, POB 35100, Billings, MT 59107 USA. EM mwentzell@billingsclinic.org NR 8 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1076-0512 J9 DERMATOL SURG JI Dermatol. Surg. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 36 IS 7 BP 1183 EP 1190 DI 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2010.01605.x PG 8 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 623EE UT WOS:000279720100020 PM 20653731 ER PT J AU Wang, DH Sihn, S Roy, AK Baek, JB Tan, LS AF Wang, David H. Sihn, Sangwook Roy, Ajit K. Baek, Jong-Beom Tan, Loon-Seng TI Nanocomposites based on vapor-grown carbon nanofibers and an epoxy: Functionalization, preparation and characterization SO EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Epoxy; Vapor-grown carbon nanofiber; Epoxy-functionalized; In situ nanocomposites ID THERMO-PHYSICAL PROPERTIES; COMPOSITES; ACID; NANOTUBES; FIBERS AB Vapor-grown carbon nanofibers (VGCNF) were functionalized with amine-containing pendants via a Friedel-Crafts acylation reaction with 4-(3-aminophenoxy)benzoic acid. The resulting H(2)N-VGCNF was treated with epichlorohydrin, followed by sodium hydroxide solution to afford N,N-diglycidyl-modified VGCNF that is designated as epoxy-VGCNF. Subsequently, epoxy-VGCNF was dispersed in an epoxy resin (Epon 862) with the aid of acetone and sonication. After acetone had been removed under vacuum from the mixture, curing agent "W" was added to epoxy-VGCNF/Epon 862 mixture, which was then poured into molds and cured at 250 degrees F (121 degrees C) for 2 h and 350 degrees F (177 degrees C) for 2 h to form a series of epoxy/fVGCNF samples; fVGCNF designated for "functionalized VGCNF" was used to denote our belief that all epoxy functions have reacted in the resulting nanocomposites. The VGCNF content was increased from 0.10 to 10.0 wt%. For comparison purposes, the pristine VGCNF or pVGCNF (0.1-5.0 wt%) was also used in the in situ polymerization of Epon 862 and curing agent "W" to afford another series of epoxy/pVGCNF samples. The epoxy-VGCNF showed a better dispersion in the epoxy resin than pVGCNF according to SEM results. Both the tensile moduli and strengths of epoxy/fVGCNF nanocomposites are higher than those of epoxy/pVGCNF. The additive effect of VGCNF on glass-transition (T(g)) was discussed in terms of thermal analysis results. The thermal stability of the nanocomposites was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Wang, David H.; Sihn, Sangwook; Roy, Ajit K.; Tan, Loon-Seng] USAF, Thermal Sci & Management Branch RXBT, Nanostruct & Biol Mat Branch RXBN, Mat & Mfg Directorate,Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Wang, David H.; Sihn, Sangwook] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Baek, Jong-Beom] Ulsan Natl Inst Sci & Technol, Ulsan, South Korea. RP Tan, LS (reprint author), USAF, Thermal Sci & Management Branch RXBT, Nanostruct & Biol Mat Branch RXBN, Mat & Mfg Directorate,Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM loon-seng.tan@wpafb.af.mil RI Wang, David/F-7492-2013; Baek, Jong-Beom/E-5883-2010; Tan, Loon-Seng/F-6985-2012 OI Wang, David/0000-0001-6710-7265; Baek, Jong-Beom/0000-0003-4785-2326; Tan, Loon-Seng/0000-0002-2134-9290 FU Wright Brother Institute; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX We thank Marlene Houtz, Gary Price, Sirina Putthanarat and Ronald Esterline from University of Dayton Research Institute for acquiring TGA, mechanical data and SEM images, respectively. Funding support was provided by Wright Brother Institute and Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 27 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 22 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0014-3057 J9 EUR POLYM J JI Eur. Polym. J. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 46 IS 7 BP 1404 EP 1416 DI 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2010.04.025 PG 13 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 627XZ UT WOS:000280079300002 ER PT J AU Ricker, JM Mathis, DA Arnold, HL AF Ricker, Jonathan M. Mathis, Derek A. Arnold, Hays L. TI An interesting case of iron deficiency anemia SO GASTROINTESTINAL ENDOSCOPY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Ricker, Jonathan M.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Mathis, Derek A.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Arnold, Hays L.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Ricker, JM (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0016-5107 J9 GASTROINTEST ENDOSC JI Gastrointest. Endosc. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 72 IS 1 BP 189 EP 189 DI 10.1016/j.gie.2010.01.038 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 622TD UT WOS:000279687600035 PM 20620279 ER PT J AU Lo Monte, L Erricolo, D Soldovieri, F Wicks, MC AF Lo Monte, Lorenzo Erricolo, Danilo Soldovieri, Francesco Wicks, Michael C. TI RF Tomography for Below-Ground Imaging of Extended Areas and Close-in Sensing SO IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Green's functions; ground-penetrating radar; lateral waves; radio-frequency tomography; tunnel detection AB Three extensions to radio-frequency (RF) tomography for imaging of voids under wide areas of regard are presented. These extensions are motivated by three challenges. One challenge is the lateral wave, which propagates in proximity of the air-earth interface and represents the predominant radiation mechanism for wide-area surveillance, sensing of denied terrain, or close-in sensing. A second challenge is the direct-path coupling between transmitters (Txs) and receivers (Rxs), that affects the measurements. A third challenge is the generation of clutter by the unknown distribution of anomalies embedded in the ground. These challenges are addressed and solved using the following strategies: 1) A forward model for RF tomography that accounts for lateral waves expressed in closed form (for fast computation); 2) a strategy that reduces the direct-path coupling between any Tx-Rx pair; and 3) an improved inversion scheme that is robust with respect to noise, clutter, and high attenuation. A finite-difference time domain simulation of a scenario representing close-in sensing of a denied area is performed, and reconstructed images obtained using the improved and the classical-models of RF tomography are compared. C1 [Lo Monte, Lorenzo] Gen Dynam Informat Technol, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Erricolo, Danilo] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Soldovieri, Francesco] CNR, Ist Rilevamento Elettromagnet Ambiente, I-80124 Naples, Italy. [Wicks, Michael C.] USAF, Sensors Directorate, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Lo Monte, L (reprint author), Gen Dynam Informat Technol, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. EM lorenzo.lomonte@gdit.com; erricolo@ece.uic.edu; soldovieri.f@irea.cnr.it; michael.wicks@rl.af.mil OI Erricolo, Danilo/0000-0001-6352-9567; SOLDOVIERI, FRANCESCO/0000-0002-0377-3127 FU Air Force Research Laboratory [F33601-02-F-A581]; U.S. Department of Defense [FA9550-05-1-0443]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX This work was supported in part by the Air Force Research Laboratory under Contract F33601-02-F-A581 and in part by the U.S. Department of Defense under Grant FA9550-05-1-0443.; The authors would like to thank Mr. W.J. Baldygo, Air Force Research Laboratory, and Dr. J.A. Sjogren, Air Force Office of Scientific Research, for sponsoring this research. NR 11 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1545-598X J9 IEEE GEOSCI REMOTE S JI IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 7 IS 3 BP 496 EP 500 DI 10.1109/LGRS.2009.2039918 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 653JZ UT WOS:000282088300017 ER PT J AU Vincelette, RL Oliver, JW Rockwell, BA Thomas, RJ Welch, AJ AF Vincelette, Rebecca L. Oliver, Jeffrey W. Rockwell, Benjamin A. Thomas, Robert J. Welch, Ashley J. TI Confocal Imaging of Thermal Lensing Induced by Near-IR Laser Radiation in an Artificial Eye SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE Cain cell; laser-tissue interaction; nonlinear optics; thermal blooming ID THRESHOLDS; EXPOSURES; WAVE; NM AB A custom confocal imaging system was built and used to record a probe beam's spatiotemporal response to a thermal lens induced by a near-IR laser radiation source in a water-filled artificial eye. The IR laser radiation input power levels were varied between 150 and 890 mW at wavelengths of 1110, 1130, 1150 and 1318 nm in order to determine the strength of the resulting thermal lens as a function of time, input power, and wavelength. A high-frame-rate camera captured the probe beam's logarithmic excitation and exponential decay caused by the thermal lens (supplemental video data are provided). Data showed that for equivalent input powers and beam geometries, thermal lensing was strongest for the 1150-nm laser radiation wavelength followed by 1130, 1318 and 1110 nm. C1 [Vincelette, Rebecca L.; Oliver, Jeffrey W.; Rockwell, Benjamin A.; Thomas, Robert J.] USAF, Res Lab, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. [Welch, Ashley J.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Biomed Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Vincelette, RL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. EM rebecca.vincelette.ctr@brooks.af.mil; jefferey.oliver@brooks.af.mil; benjamin.rockwell@brooks.af.mil; robert.thomas@brooks.af.mil; welch@mail.utexas.edu OI Oliver, Jeffrey/0000-0001-8226-7152 FU U.S. Department of Defense [FA8650-05-2-6501] FX Manuscript received July 31, 2009; revised October 21, 2009; accepted October 22, 2009. Date of publication December 31, 2009; date of current version August 6, 2010. This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Defense under Contract Grant FA8650-05-2-6501. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1077-260X J9 IEEE J SEL TOP QUANT JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. PD JUL-AUG PY 2010 VL 16 IS 4 BP 740 EP 747 DI 10.1109/JSTQE.2009.2037441 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 671WB UT WOS:000283541100005 ER PT J AU Schemm, N Balkir, S Hoffman, MW Bauer, M Schultz, D Petrosky, JC McClory, JW Natta, M Brand, JI Tang, JK Wang, WD AF Schemm, Nathan Balkir, Sina Hoffman, Michael W. Bauer, Mark Schultz, David Petrosky, James C. McClory, John W. Natta, Marcus Brand, Jennifer I. Tang, Jinke Wang, Wendong TI A Single Chip Computational Sensor System for Neutron Detection Applications SO IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Computational sensor; gadolinium; hafnium oxide; multichannel analyzer; neutron detection; radiation detector ID BORON-CARBIDE DIODE; FRONT-END AB This paper presents the design and test results of a standalone computational radiation sensor system based on a single chip solution. A low-power sensor front end with a charge sensitive amplifier and an event driven analog-to-digital converter is integrated on the same chip as a dedicated microcontroller to process and bin the data from the neutron detector diode heterojunction according to pulse height. This combination effectively implements a single chip multichannel analyzer with the capability to do further processing of the data in software. The design was fabricated in a 0.18 mu m CMOS technology with field tests demonstrating the validity of the approaches taken. The total system power consumption is 24 mu W. C1 [Schemm, Nathan; Balkir, Sina; Hoffman, Michael W.; Bauer, Mark] Univ Nebraska, Dept Elect Engn, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Schultz, David; Petrosky, James C.; McClory, John W.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Natta, Marcus; Brand, Jennifer I.] Univ Nebraska, Coll Engn & Technol, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Natta, Marcus; Brand, Jennifer I.] Univ Nebraska, Nebraska Ctr Mat & Nanosci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Tang, Jinke; Wang, Wendong] Univ Wyoming, Dept Phys & Astron, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Schemm, N (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Elect Engn, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. EM nathan.schemm@huskers.unl.edu; sbalkir@unl.edu; mhoffman1@unl.edu; mark@engr.unl.edu; dsschult@andrew.cmu.edu; james.petrosky@afit.edu; John.McClory@afit.edu; mnatta1@unlserve.unl.edu; jbrand@unl.edu; jtang2@uwyo.edu; wwang3@uwyo.edu OI McClory, John/0000-0002-4303-2729 FU U.S. Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Administration Office of Nonproliferation Research and Engineering (NA-22); U.S. Defense Threat Reduction Agency/CXC [MIPR 09-2862, MIPR 06-2310M, HDTRA1-07-1-0008]; U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Domestic Nuclear Detection Office [IACRA hshqdc-08-x-00641] FX Manuscript received July 07, 2009; revised October 23, 2009 and December 15, 2009; accepted January 02, 2010. Date of current version May 21, 2010. This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Administration Office of Nonproliferation Research and Engineering (NA-22) under Grant "All Solid-State Wireless Sensor Network for Nuclear Proliferation Detection," in part by the U.S. Defense Threat Reduction Agency/CXC under Grant MIPR 09-2862, Grant MIPR 06-2310M, and Grant HDTRA1-07-1-0008, and in part by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Domestic Nuclear Detection Office under Grant IACRA hshqdc-08-x-00641. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Air Force, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. The associate editor coordinating the review of this paper and approving it for publication was Prof. Giorgio Sberveglieri. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1530-437X J9 IEEE SENS J JI IEEE Sens. J. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 10 IS 7 BP 1226 EP 1233 DI 10.1109/JSEN.2010.2040731 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 707TK UT WOS:000286310800002 ER PT J AU Kaiser, MK Gans, NR Dixon, WE AF Kaiser, M. K. Gans, N. R. Dixon, W. E. TI Vision-Based Estimation for Guidance, Navigation, and Control of an Aerial Vehicle SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID AIRCRAFT; SLAM AB While a Global Positioning System (GPS) is the most widely used sensor modality for aircraft navigation, researchers have been motivated to investigate other navigational sensor modalities because of the desire to operate in GPS denied environments. Due to advances in computer vision and control theory, monocular camera systems have received growing interest as an alternative/collaborative sensor to GPS systems. Cameras can act as navigational sensors by detecting and tracking feature points in an image. Current methods have a limited ability to relate feature points as they enter and leave the camera field of view (FOV). A vision-based position and orientation estimation method for aircraft navigation and control is described. This estimation method accounts for a limited camera FOV by releasing tracked features that are about to leave the FOV and tracking new features. At each time instant that new features are selected for tracking, the previous pose estimate is updated. The vision-based estimation scheme can provide input directly to the vehicle guidance system and autopilot. Simulations are performed wherein the vision-based pose estimation is integrated with a nonlinear flight model of an aircraft. Experimental verification of the pose estimation is performed using the modelled aircraft. C1 [Kaiser, M. K.] USAF, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. [Gans, N. R.; Dixon, W. E.] Univ Florida, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Kaiser, MK (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. EM wdixon@ufl.edu RI Dixon, Warren/F-5238-2015 OI Dixon, Warren/0000-0002-5091-181X FU NSF [CMS-0547448]; AFOSR [F49620-03-1-0381, F49620-03-1-0170]; AFRL [FA4819-05-D-0011]; BARD [US-3715-05]; University of Florida FX This research is supported in part by the NSF CAREER award CMS-0547448, AFOSR Contracts F49620-03-1-0381 and F49620-03-1-0170, AFRL Contract FA4819-05-D-0011, and by Research Grant US-3715-05 from BARD, the United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund at the University of Florida. NR 43 TC 34 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 16 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9251 EI 1557-9603 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 46 IS 3 BP 1064 EP 1077 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 664IZ UT WOS:000282954900009 ER PT J AU Murphey, TW Cliff, EM Lane, SA AF Murphey, Thomas W. Cliff, Eugene M. Lane, Steven A. TI Matching Space Antenna Deformation Electronic Compensation Strategies to Support Structure Architectures SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article AB Radar systems are engineered to achieve a complex, yet functional, balance between diverse subsystems and competing requirements. One important trade for large deployable space radar antennas is between antenna dimensional stability and electronic signal processing for deformation compensation. This trade is first investigated for several different electronic compensation methods, and compensation capabilities are mapped into structural requirements. Second the structural requirements are translated into appropriate structural architectures. The scope of this study is limited to space radar systems, where loads causing antenna deformations differ significantly from terrestrial systems. Compensation strategies that allow structural requirements to be reduced by several orders of magnitude are identified. When considered early in the systems engineering process, the methods presented herein can be used to form a rationale for the selection and the development of a complementary combination of compensation electronics and structural architectures. C1 [Murphey, Thomas W.; Lane, Steven A.] USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Cliff, Eugene M.] Virginia Tech, Interdisciplinary Ctr Appl Math, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Murphey, TW (reprint author), USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM vssv.branch.tasker@kirtland.af.mil FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) FX This work is an outcome of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) sponsored Innovative Space-based Radar Antenna Technology (ISAT) program. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 46 IS 3 BP 1422 EP 1436 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 664IZ UT WOS:000282954900033 ER PT J AU Greco, M Stinco, P Gini, F Rangaswamy, M AF Greco, Maria Stinco, Pietro Gini, Fulvio Rangaswamy, Muralidhar TI Impact of Sea Clutter Nonstationarity on Disturbance Covariance Matrix Estimation and CFAR Detector Performance SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Editorial Material ID COMPOUND-GAUSSIAN CLUTTER; DIFFERENT RANGE RESOLUTIONS; COHERENT RADAR DETECTION; STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; NONHOMOGENEITY DETECTOR; NOISE; SIGNAL; ALGORITHM AB Adaptive detection of signals embedded in non-Gaussian clutter is an important challenge for radar engineers. We present an analysis of sea clutter nonstationarity with respect to clutter covariance matrix estimation and its impact on the constant false alarm rate (CFAR) property of the normalized adaptive matched filter (NAMF). Three covariance matrix estimators, e. g., the sample covariance matrix (SCM), the normalized sample covariance matrix (NSCM), and the approximate maximum likelihood (AML) estimators, have been investigated. The impact of nonstationarity, which emerges in the statistical analysis of the clutter data, is measured in terms of probability of false alarm and probability of detection. Performance analysis is presented using both simulated data and measured sea clutter data recorded by two different X-band radars, namely, the Fynmeet radar and the IPIX radar. C1 [Greco, Maria; Stinco, Pietro; Gini, Fulvio] Univ Pisa, Dept Ingn Informaz, Pisa, Italy. [Rangaswamy, Muralidhar] USAF, Res Lab SNHE, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Greco, M (reprint author), Univ Pisa, Dept Ingn Informaz, Via G Caruso 16, Pisa, Italy. EM m.greco@iet.unipi.it RI Greco, Maria/G-5775-2012; Stinco, Pietro/N-1362-2015; OI Stinco, Pietro/0000-0001-7934-4487; Greco, Maria/0000-0002-3804-2949 NR 30 TC 25 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 46 IS 3 BP 1502 EP + PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 664IZ UT WOS:000282954900040 ER PT J AU Li, JA Zhu, XM Stoica, P Rangaswamy, M AF Li, Jian Zhu, Xumin Stoica, Petre Rangaswamy, Muralidhar TI High Resolution Angle-Doppler Imaging for MTI Radar SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Editorial Material ID SPARSE SIGNAL RECONSTRUCTION; AIDED COVARIANCE ESTIMATION; ADAPTIVE MATCHED-FILTER; LEAST-SQUARES APPROACH; A-PRIORI KNOWLEDGE; BASIS SELECTION; AIRBORNE RADAR; DICTIONARIES; PERSPECTIVE; ALGORITHM AB To reduce the need for training data or for accurate prior knowledge of the clutter statistics in space-time adaptive processing (STAP), we consider high resolution angle-Doppler imaging by processing each range bin of interest independently. Specifically, we use a weighted least-squares-based iterative adaptive approach (IAA) to form angle-Doppler images of both clutter and targets for each range bin of interest. The resulting angle-Doppler images can be used with localized detection approaches for moving target indication (MTI). We show via numerical examples that the robust and nonparametric IAA algorithm can be used to enhance the MTI performance significantly as compared with existing approaches. C1 [Li, Jian; Zhu, Xumin] Univ Florida, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Stoica, Petre] Uppsala Univ, Dept Informat Technol, Uppsala, Sweden. [Rangaswamy, Muralidhar] USAF, Res Lab Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Li, JA (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM li@dsp.ufl.edu NR 50 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 46 IS 3 BP 1544 EP 1556 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 664IZ UT WOS:000282954900044 ER PT J AU Chen, PF Krim, H Mendoza, OL AF Chen, Ping-Feng Krim, Hamid Mendoza, Olga L. TI Multiphase Joint Segmentation-Registration and Object Tracking for Layered Images SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Active contour; joint segmentation registration; layered sensing; multiphase active contour; optical flow; visual motion ID ACTIVE CONTOUR MODELS; OPTICAL-FLOW; TEXTURE SEGMENTATION; REGION COMPETITION; MOTION MODELS; COMPUTATION; FRAMEWORK; POLYGONS; BALLOONS; VISION AB In this paper we propose to jointly segment and register objects of interest in layered images. Layered imaging refers to imageries taken from different perspectives and possibly by different sensors. Registration and segmentation are therefore the two main tasks which contribute to the bottom level, data alignment, of the multisensor data fusion hierarchical structures. Most exploitations of two layered images assumed that scanners are at very high altitudes and that only one transformation ties the two images. Our data are however taken at mid-range and therefore requires segmentation to assist us examining different object regions in a divide-and-conquer fashion. Our approach is a combination of multiphase active contour method with a joint segmentation-registration technique (which we called MPJSR) carried out in a local moving window prior to a global optimization. To further address layered video sequences and tracking objects in frames, we propose a simple adaptation of optical flow calculations along the active contours in a pair of layered image sequences. The experimental results show that the whole integrated algorithm is able to delineate the objects of interest, align them for a pair of layered frames and keep track of the objects over time. C1 [Chen, Ping-Feng; Krim, Hamid] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Mendoza, Olga L.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Chen, PF (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Campus Box 7911, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. EM alextpf@gmail.com; Olga.Mendoza@WPAFB.AF.MIL NR 54 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1057-7149 EI 1941-0042 J9 IEEE T IMAGE PROCESS JI IEEE Trans. Image Process. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 19 IS 7 BP 1706 EP 1719 DI 10.1109/TIP.2010.2045164 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 611KK UT WOS:000278813800004 PM 20236899 ER PT J AU Fleming, TP Lambrecht, MR Cartwright, KL AF Fleming, Timothy P. Lambrecht, Michael R. Cartwright, Keith L. TI Numerical Simulations of a Relativistic Inverted Magnetron SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE End-loss current; high power microwaves; magnetrons ID CATHODE; RADIATION AB A new design for an inverted magnetron is presented and modeled both analytically, using a single particle smooth bore relativistic approach, and numerically, using a massively parallel electromagnetic particle-in-cell code, Improved Concurrent Electromagnetic Particle-In-Cell (ICEPIC) code. Analysis and simulation confirm that the inverted magnetron design presented here is capable of oscillating in the pi mode at axial magnetic fields of the order of similar to 0.1 T. ICEPIC simulations demonstrate that the inverted magnetron is capable of fast start-up, mitigation of mode competition, pi-mode dominance, and high output power, of the order of 1 GW in some cases. Moreover, these performance features spanned over a variety of magnetic fields and input voltages. In simulations, the inverted magnetron design presented here demonstrated that end-loss current, a common source of energy leakage in relativistic magnetrons, has been eliminated as a source of energy loss. However, radio frequency output power efficiencies only remained comparable with standard relativistic designs. This was due to poor energy exchange between the particle and field. Thus, a refinement of the slow wave structure may be necessary. C1 [Fleming, Timothy P.; Lambrecht, Michael R.; Cartwright, Keith L.] USAF, Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. RP Fleming, TP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. EM timothy.fleming@kirtland.af.mil; michael.lambrecht@kirtland.af.mil; keith.cartwright@kirtland.af.mil NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 38 IS 7 BP 1563 EP 1573 DI 10.1109/TPS.2010.2048209 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 651YG UT WOS:000281963100005 ER PT J AU Class, LAO Hopkinson, KM Wang, XR Andel, TR Thomas, RW AF Class, Luis A. Oquendo Hopkinson, Kenneth M. Wang, Xiaoru Andel, Todd R. Thomas, Ryan W. TI A Robust Communication-Based Special Protection System SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER DELIVERY LA English DT Article DE Exponential weighted moving average; simulation; special protection system; utility intranet AB This article investigates the application of an exponential weighted moving average (EWMA) scheme to a previously introduced communication-based special protection system (SPS). The EWMA adds buffering to increase the robustness of the SPS in the presence of network congestion and other forms of communication disruption. The EWMA-enhanced SPS compensates for the network layer's lack of a communication guarantee to provide for increased stability and integrity under transient instabilities. The performance of the proposed SPS is evaluated using the electric power and communication synchronizing simulator (EPOCHS) simulation platform, which combines the PSS/E electromechanical transient power system simulator with the NS2 network simulator. The SPS is evaluated in terms of its ability to properly calculate a disturbance size and to react to the disturbance before the system reaches the minimum frequency threshold of 58.8 Hz and before 0.5 seconds have passed. Experimental results indicate that the proposed SPS with EWMA can help ensure power grid stability in the face of heavy competing network communication traffic. C1 [Class, Luis A. Oquendo; Hopkinson, Kenneth M.; Andel, Todd R.; Thomas, Ryan W.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Wang, Xiaoru] SW Jiaotong Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Chengdu 610031, Peoples R China. RP Class, LAO (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM luis.oquendoclass@afit.edu; kenneth.hopkinson@afit.edu; todd.andel@afit.edu; ryan.thomas@afit.edu; xrwang@swjtu.cn NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0885-8977 J9 IEEE T POWER DELIVER JI IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 25 IS 3 BP 1314 EP 1324 DI 10.1109/TPWRD.2010.2042973 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 613QZ UT WOS:000278996500011 ER PT J AU Subramanyam, G Patterson, M Leedy, K Neidhard, R Varanasi, C Zhang, CH Steinhauer, G AF Subramanyam, Guru Patterson, Mark Leedy, Kevin Neidhard, Robert Varanasi, Chakrapani Zhang, Chenhao Steinhauer, Gregg TI Linearity and Temperature Dependence of Large-Area Processed High-Q Barium Strontium Titanate Thin-film Varactors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS FERROELECTRICS AND FREQUENCY CONTROL LA English DT Article ID MICROWAVE APPLICATIONS AB Ba(0.6)Sr(0.4)TiO(3) (BST) thin-films with large dielectric tunability as high as 4: 1 were obtained using a large-area pulsed laser deposition process, with low loss-tangents below 0.01 at zero-bias and 10 GHz. This paper summarizes experimental results obtained on large-area processed BST thin films on 100-mm-diameter sapphire substrates characterized using a varactor shunt switch test structure. Varactors with 0.25-mu m-thick BST films exhibited large dielectric tunability, the relative dielectric permittivity at zero bias of 990 tuned to 250 at an electric field of 320 kV/cm. The leakage current through the BST film was below 2 nA up to 6 V dc bias. The quality factor (Q) exceeded 300 at relatively low 6 V dc bias for the BST varactors at 1 GHz. These results confirm that large-area processed BST thin films are ready to compete with semiconductor varactors for commercial applications at RF, microwave, and millimeterwave frequencies. C1 [Subramanyam, Guru; Patterson, Mark; Zhang, Chenhao] Univ Dayton, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Leedy, Kevin; Neidhard, Robert] USA, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH USA. [Varanasi, Chakrapani] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Steinhauer, Gregg] Analog Bridge Inc, Beavercreek, OH USA. RP Subramanyam, G (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM guru.subramanyam@notes.dayton.edu RI Leedy, Kevin/E-9968-2010 NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0885-3010 J9 IEEE T ULTRASON FERR JI IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control PD JUL PY 2010 VL 57 IS 7 BP 1692 EP 1695 DI 10.1109/TUFFC.2010.1599 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA 656DU UT WOS:000282307200021 PM 20639162 ER PT J AU Cowden, J Crane, L Lezotte, D Glover, J Nyquist, AC AF Cowden, Jessica Crane, Lori Lezotte, Dennis Glover, Jacqueline Nyquist, Ann-Christine TI Pre-pandemic planning survey of healthcare workers at a tertiary care children's hospital: ethical and workforce issues SO INFLUENZA AND OTHER RESPIRATORY VIRUSES LA English DT Article DE Healthcare worker's attitudes; influenza; pandemic planning ID INFLUENZA; DUTY; PROFESSIONALISM; STATEMENT; EPIDEMICS; TRIAGE; SARS AB Background Prior to the development of written policies and procedures for pandemic influenza, worker perceptions of ethical and workforce issues must be identified. Objective To determine the relationship between healthcare worker (HCW) reporting willingness to work during a pandemic and perception of job importance, belief that one will be asked to work, and sense of professionalism and to assess HCW's opinions regarding specific policy issues as well as barriers and motivators to work during a pandemic. Methods A survey was conducted in HCWs at The Children's Hospital in Denver, Colorado, from February to June 2007. Characteristics of workers reporting willingness to work during a pandemic were compared with those who were unwilling or unsure. Importance of barriers and motivators was compared by gender and willingness to work. Results Sixty percent of respondents reported willingness to work (overall response rate of 31%). Belief one will be asked to work (OR 4 center dot 6, P < 0 center dot 0001) and having a high level of professionalism (OR 8 center dot 6, P < 0 center dot 0001) were associated with reporting willingness to work. Hospital infrastructure support staffs were less likely to report willingness to work during a pandemic than clinical healthcare professionals (OR 0 center dot 39, P < 0 center dot 001). Concern for personal safety, concern for safety of family, family's concern for safety, and childcare issues were all important barriers to coming to work. Conclusions Educational programs should focus on professional responsibility and the importance of staying home when ill. Targeted programs toward hospital infrastructure support and patient and family support staff stressing the essential nature of these jobs may improve willingness to work. C1 [Cowden, Jessica] Keesler Pediat Clin, Dept Pediat, Keesler Med Ctr, Keesler AFB, MS 39534 USA. [Cowden, Jessica; Glover, Jacqueline; Nyquist, Ann-Christine] Univ Colorado, Dept Pediat, Denver, CO 80202 USA. [Crane, Lori; Nyquist, Ann-Christine] Univ Colorado, Dept Community & Behav Hlth, Denver, CO 80202 USA. [Lezotte, Dennis] Univ Colorado, Dept Biostat & Informat, Denver, CO 80202 USA. [Glover, Jacqueline] Univ Colorado, Ctr Bioeth, Denver, CO 80202 USA. RP Cowden, J (reprint author), Keesler Pediat Clin, Dept Pediat, Keesler Med Ctr, 301 Fisher St,Room BF 305, Keesler AFB, MS 39534 USA. EM Jessica.cowden@keesler.af.mil FU National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Rocky Mountain Regional Center of Excellence FX This investigation was funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. This funding was obtained and administered through the Rocky Mountain Regional Center of Excellence for biodefense and emerging infectious diseases research. Technical support and design of the online survey was provided by Swan Ellert and Jeff Magouirk at the University of Colorado Pediatric Clinical Translational Research Center (CTRC). NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1750-2640 J9 INFLUENZA OTHER RESP JI Influenza Other Respir. Viruses PD JUL PY 2010 VL 4 IS 4 BP 213 EP 222 DI 10.1111/j.1750-2659.2010.00145.x PG 10 WC Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 623KY UT WOS:000279739800006 PM 20836796 ER PT J AU Miracle, DB Louzguine-Luzgin, DV Louzguina-Luzgina, LV Inoue, A AF Miracle, D. B. Louzguine-Luzgin, D. V. Louzguina-Luzgina, L. V. Inoue, A. TI An assessment of binary metallic glasses: correlations between structure, glass forming ability and stability SO INTERNATIONAL MATERIALS REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Metallic glass; Atomic structure; Topology; Glass forming ability; Stability ID SUPERCOOLED LIQUID REGION; SI AMORPHOUS-ALLOYS; ELECTRON-TRANSPORT PROPERTIES; SHORT-RANGE ORDER; X-RAY-SCATTERING; NB-ZR ALLOYS; THERMAL-STABILITY; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; ATOMIC-STRUCTURE AB This manuscript explores the influence of atomic structure on glass forming ability and thermal stability in binary metallic glasses. A critical assessment gives literature data for 628 alloys from 175 binary glass systems. The atomic structure is quantified for each alloy using the efficient cluster packing model. Comparison of atomic structure with amorphous thickness and thermal stability gives the following major results. Binary glasses show a strong preference for discrete solute to solvent atomic radius ratios R*, which give efficient local atomic packing. Of 15 possible R* values, only five are common and only four represent the most stable glasses. The most stable binary glasses are also typically solute rich, with enough solute atoms to fill all the solute sites and roughly one-third of the solvent sites. This suggests that antisite defects, where solutes occupy solvent atom sites, are important in the glass forming ability of the most stable glasses. This stabilising effect results from an increase in the number of more stable solute-solvent bonds in solute rich glasses. Solute rich glasses also enable efficient global atomic packing. Together, these structural constraints represent only a narrow range of topologies and thus give a useful predictive tool for the exploration and discovery of new binary bulk metallic glasses (BMGs). C1 [Miracle, D. B.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RX, Dayton, OH USA. [Louzguine-Luzgin, D. V.; Louzguina-Luzgina, L. V.; Inoue, A.] Tohoku Univ, WPI Adv Inst Mat Res, Sendai, Miyagi 980, Japan. [Louzguine-Luzgin, D. V.; Louzguina-Luzgina, L. V.; Inoue, A.] Tohoku Univ, Inst Mat Res, Sendai, Miyagi 980, Japan. RP Miracle, DB (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RX, Dayton, OH USA. EM Daniel.miracle@wpafb.af.mil RI LOUZGUINE, Dmitri/D-2492-2010; Inoue, Akihisa/E-5271-2015 OI LOUZGUINE, Dmitri/0000-0001-5716-4987; FU Air Force Research Laboratory, Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Tokyo Office) [AOARD-07-4041]; MEXT, Japan FX D. B. Miracle thanks the Air Force Research Laboratory, Air Force Office of Scientific Research, for funding during a sabbatical to the Institute of Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan. D. Louzguine-Luzgin and L. Louzguina-Luzgina acknowledge the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Tokyo Office, Dr J. P. Singh, Program Manager) for funding this effort under agreement no. AOARD-07-4041. This work was also supported by the Research and Development Project on Advanced Metallic Glasses, Inorganic Materials and Joining Technology from MEXT, Japan. Helpful comments from K. Laws are appreciated. NR 196 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 5 U2 85 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-6608 EI 1743-2804 J9 INT MATER REV JI Int. Mater. Rev. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 55 IS 4 BP 218 EP 256 DI 10.1179/095066010X12646898728200 PG 39 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 630XE UT WOS:000280308100002 ER PT J AU Cox, C Gopalarathnam, A Hall, CE AF Cox, Craig Gopalarathnam, Ashok Hall, Charles E., Jr. TI Flight Test of Stable Automated Cruise Flap for an Adaptive Wing Aircraft SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article AB Cruise flaps are trailing-edge flaps that are adjusted to minimize drag by moving the location of the low-drag region of an airfoil drag polar to match the current coefficient of lift. Previous research explored the use of a wing-based pressure-differential ratio called Delta C(p)' to automate cruise flaps. Rigid-aircraft simulations showed the effectiveness of a controller implementing multiple functions using Delta C(p)'. The gust-alleviation function reduced coefficient-of-lift perturbations, the Delta C(p)'-optimization function reduced drag, and the Delta C(p)'-maintenance function maintained the current trim Delta C(p)' in the presence of pilot elevator inputs. In this research, the Delta C(p)'-optimization and Delta C(p)'-maintenance functions were implemented using low-cost microcontrollers and pressure transducers. Flight tests were performed using a radio-controlled sailplane with a wing span of 100 inches. Although direct measurement of drag for aircraft of this size is difficult and was not attempted, analysis of the data showed that the Delta C(p)'-optimization function was effective in producing pressure differentials that would have reduced drag. The effectiveness of the Delta C(p)'-maintenance function could not be determined because of large sample-to-sample variations in measured Delta C(p)' values. It remains unknown whether this high-frequency content actually represented rapidly varying pressures on the airfoil surface or if it was the result of noise in the measurement system. C1 [Cox, Craig; Gopalarathnam, Ashok; Hall, Charles E., Jr.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Cox, C (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Aerodynam Configurat Branch, 2130 8th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. FU KalScott Engineering; NASA Dryden Research Center; Frank C. Ziglar Jr. Endowed Graduate Fellowship FX The authors would like to acknowledge KalScott Engineering for their partial support of this research through a Phase-2 Small Business Technology Transfer Program project from the NASA Dryden Research Center. Partial support for the first author was also provided by the Frank C. Ziglar Jr. Endowed Graduate Fellowship and is gratefully acknowledged. Pilotage and support were provided by the flight-test team, which consisted of Stearns Heinzen, Adam Propst, Dave Burke, and Jason Bishop. Permission by Great Planes Model Manufacturing Company to use the copyrighted illustration of the Spirit 100 sailplane is gratefully acknowledged. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD JUL-AUG PY 2010 VL 47 IS 4 BP 1178 EP 1188 DI 10.2514/1.46789 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 638CT UT WOS:000280869500010 ER PT J AU Danowsky, BP Thompson, PM Farhat, C Lieu, T Harris, C Lechniak, J AF Danowsky, Brian P. Thompson, Peter M. Farhat, Charbel Lieu, Thuan Harris, Chuck Lechniak, Jason TI Incorporation of Feedback Control into a High-Fidelity Aeroservoelastic Fighter Aircraft Model SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article ID AEROELASTICITY; CONFIGURATION; FORMULATION; REGIMES AB Flight testing for aeroservoelastic clearance is an expensive and time consuming process. Large degree-of-freedom high-fidelity nonlinear aircraft models using computational fluid dynamics coupled with finite element models can be used for accurately predicting aeroelastic phenomena in all flight regimes including subsonic, supersonic, and transonic. With the incorporation of an active feedback control system, these high-fidelity models can be used to reduce the flight-test time needed for aeroservoelastic clearance. Accurate computational fluid dynamics/finite element models are computationally complex, rendering their runtime ill suited for adequate flight control system design. In this work, a complex, large-degree-of-freedom, transonic, inviscid computational fluid dynamics/finite element model of a fighter aircraft is fitted with a flight control system for aeroelastic oscillation reduction. A linear reduced-order model of the complete aeroelastic aircraft dynamic system is produced directly from the high-order nonlinear computational fluid dynamics/finite element model. This rapid runtime reduced-order model is used for the design of the flight control system, which includes models of the actuators and common nonlinearities in the form of rate limiting and saturation. The oscillation reduction controller is successfully demonstrated via a simulated flight test using the high-fidelity nonlinear computational fluid dynamics/finite element/flight control system model. C1 [Danowsky, Brian P.; Thompson, Peter M.] Syst Technol Inc, Hawthorne, CA 90250 USA. [Farhat, Charbel; Lieu, Thuan] CMSoft Inc, Palo Alto, CA 94303 USA. [Harris, Chuck; Lechniak, Jason] USAF, Flight Test Ctr, Edwards AFB, CA 93523 USA. RP Danowsky, BP (reprint author), Syst Technol Inc, 13766 S Hawthorne Blvd, Hawthorne, CA 90250 USA. FU United States Air Force; Air Force Flight Test Center at Edwards Air Force Base FX This work was conducted as part of a Phase II Small Business Innovation Research contract sponsored by the United States Air Force. The authors would like to thank the Air Force Flight Test Center at Edwards Air Force Base for valuable resources and funding to make this work possible. NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD JUL-AUG PY 2010 VL 47 IS 4 BP 1274 EP 1282 DI 10.2514/1.47119 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 638CT UT WOS:000280869500019 ER PT J AU Fagnard, JF Dirickx, M Levin, GA Barnes, PN Vanderheyden, B Vanderbemden, P AF Fagnard, J. F. Dirickx, M. Levin, G. A. Barnes, P. N. Vanderheyden, B. Vanderbemden, P. TI Use of second generation coated conductors for efficient shielding of dc magnetic fields SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CRYOGENIC CURRENT COMPARATOR; JOINT; SUPERCONDUCTOR; SQUID; TAPES AB This paper reports the results of an experimental investigation of the performance of two types of magnetic screens assembled from YBa(2)Cu(3)O(7-delta) (YBCO) coated conductors. Since effective screening of the axial dc magnetic field requires the unimpeded flow of an azimuthal persistent current, we demonstrate a configuration of a screening shell made out of standard YBCO coated conductor capable to accomplish that. The screen allows the persistent current to flow in the predominantly azimuthal direction at a temperature of 77 K. The persistent screen, incorporating a single layer of superconducting film, can attenuate an external magnetic field of up to 5 mT by more than an order of magnitude. For comparison purposes, another type of screen which incorporates low critical temperature quasipersistent joints was also built. The shielding technique we describe here appears to be especially promising for the realization of large scale high-T(c) superconducting screens. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3459895] C1 [Fagnard, J. F.; Dirickx, M.] Royal Mil Acad, CISS Dept, SUPRATECS, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium. [Levin, G. A.; Barnes, P. N.] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Vanderheyden, B.; Vanderbemden, P.] Univ Liege, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, SUPRATECS, B-4000 Liege, Belgium. RP Fagnard, JF (reprint author), Royal Mil Acad, CISS Dept, SUPRATECS, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium. EM fagnard@montefiore.ulg.ac.be NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 108 IS 1 AR 013910 DI 10.1063/1.3459895 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 626XB UT WOS:000280000400062 ER PT J AU Brooks, CW Howard, RC Lyons, RA Reilly, CD AF Brooks, Clifford W., III Howard, Robert C. Lyons, Robert A. Reilly, Charles D. TI Globe rupture with post cataract-surgery safety sunglasses SO JOURNAL OF CATARACT AND REFRACTIVE SURGERY LA English DT Article ID INJURIES; EYE; TRAUMA AB We report a case of globe rupture associated with the use of post cataract-surgery protective eyewear. The patient had routine cataract surgery 3 months before presentation and had adapted his post cataract-surgery glasses to use on the tennis court. He experienced a large posterior globe rupture after falling directly onto his face during a match. Spectacle torsion is the suspected bio-mechanical process that led to the rupture. We conclude that although the glasses given to many patients after cataract surgery are protective for most low-impact injuries, patients should be aware they are not designed for activities with a risk for significant impact. Patients should also be counseled to use protective eyewear specifically designed and approved for the sport or activity in which they participate. C1 [Brooks, Clifford W., III] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Brooks, CW (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, 2200 Bergquist Dr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM clifford.w.brooks@gmail.com NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0886-3350 J9 J CATARACT REFR SURG JI J. Cataract. Refract. Surg. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 36 IS 7 BP 1230 EP 1232 DI 10.1016/j.jcrs.2010.04.002 PG 3 WC Ophthalmology; Surgery SC Ophthalmology; Surgery GA 628LH UT WOS:000280120800025 PM 20610104 ER PT J AU Salinas, NL Eller, RL Davis, MR Rasmussen, TE AF Salinas, Nathan L. Eller, Robert L. Davis, Michael R. Rasmussen, Todd E. TI Mass Casualty Response of a Modern Deployed Head and Neck Surgical Team SO JOURNAL OF CRANIOFACIAL SURGERY LA English DT Article DE Multiple casualty; head and neck surgery; otolaryngology; military; explosive; maxillofacial; Global War on Terror ID RESOURCE UTILIZATION; INCIDENTS; INJURIES AB Background: The battlefields of the Global War on Terror have created unique demands on deployed surgical teams. Modern high-energy fragmentation devices often inflict complex head and neck injuries. This series analyzes the role of the head and neck surgical team during 3 separate single explosive events that led to civilian multiple casualty incidents (MCIs) treated at a military theater hospital in Iraq from February to April 2007. Methods: All MCIs occurring between February and April 2008 with triage and treatment at the 332nd Air Force Theater Hospital in Balad, Iraq, were identified and reviewed. Injury Severity Score, admission injury pattern, length of hospital stay, head and neck procedures, non-head and neck procedures, and clinical duties performed by the otolaryngology surgeon were recorded and analyzed. Results: Three MCIs occurring during the period of February to April 2008 were reviewed and described as incidents A, B, and C. A total of 50 patients were involved. Eighteen patients (36%) were treated for head and neck trauma. The average ISS for the non-head and neck trauma group was 15.8 (range, 1-43), whereas the head and neck trauma group average ISS was 23.6 (range, 2-75) (P < 0.06). The most commonly performed head and neck procedures included repair of facial lacerations, maxillomandibular fixation, and operative reduction internal fixation of facial fractures. The head and neck surgeon also performed airway triage and assisted with procedures performed by other specialties. Conclusions: By reviewing 3 MCIs and the operative log of the involved otolaryngologist, this review illustrates how the otolaryngologist's clinical knowledge base and surgical domain allow this specialist to uniquely contribute in response to a mass casualty incident. C1 [Eller, Robert L.; Rasmussen, Todd E.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Div Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Salinas, Nathan L.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Davis, Michael R.] Wright Patterson USAF Med Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Davis, Michael R.; Rasmussen, Todd E.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Rasmussen, TE (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Div Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM drcutmd@aol.com NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1049-2275 J9 J CRANIOFAC SURG JI J. Craniofac. Surg. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 21 IS 4 BP 987 EP 990 DI 10.1097/SCS.0b013e3181e1e8de PG 4 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 628UV UT WOS:000280149100012 PM 20613569 ER PT J AU Chambers, JA Davis, MR Rasmussen, TE AF Chambers, James Alan Davis, Michael R. Rasmussen, Todd E. TI A Band of Surgeons, a Long Healing Line: Development of Craniofacial Surgery in Response to Armed Conflict SO JOURNAL OF CRANIOFACIAL SURGERY LA English DT Article DE Plastic surgery; craniofacial; maxillofacial; reconstruction; war; history; military; surgery ID PLASTIC-SURGERY; INJURIES; WAR; OTOLARYNGOLOGY; MANAGEMENT; EVOLUTION; MEDICINE; HISTORY AB Far removed from modern perceptions of cosmetic surgery, plastic and craniofacial surgery largely began centuries ago with efforts to redeem the destruction and loss from battlefield violence. Successive generations of surgeons responding with compassion to the functional and aesthetic loss of those wounded in war have achieved the progress that benefits 21st century patients. Although the historic role of war has to a degree been supplanted by jet travel, electronic communications, and academic medical centers, leadership continues to be the primary force responsible for advances. This article outlines the evolution of modern craniofacial surgery in 4 phases described by the Latin terms pluresartes, plurestelae, pluraloca, and pluresfontes. C1 [Davis, Michael R.] Wright Patterson Med Ctr, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Chambers, James Alan] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Rasmussen, Todd E.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Davis, MR (reprint author), Wright Patterson Med Ctr, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM Michael.Davis@wpafb.af.mil NR 57 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1049-2275 J9 J CRANIOFAC SURG JI J. Craniofac. Surg. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 21 IS 4 BP 991 EP 997 DI 10.1097/SCS.0b013e3181e1e81e PG 7 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 628UV UT WOS:000280149100013 PM 20613570 ER PT J AU Enright, MP Chan, KS Moody, JP Golden, PJ Chandra, R Pentz, AC AF Enright, Michael P. Chan, Kwai S. Moody, Jonathan P. Golden, Patrick J. Chandra, Ramesh Pentz, Alan C. TI Probabilistic Fretting Fatigue Assessment of Aircraft Engine Disks SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE aerospace engines; aircraft; fatigue cracks; finite element analysis; fracture mechanics; gas turbines; inspection; integral equations; probability; stress analysis; wear ID HIGH-CYCLE FATIGUE; FRACTURE-MECHANICS APPROACH; DESIGN METHODOLOGY; CONTACT FATIGUE; PREDICTION; NOTCH AB Fretting fatigue is a random process that continues to be a major source of damage associated with the failure of aircraft gas turbine engine components. Fretting fatigue is dominated by the fatigue crack growth phase and is strongly dependent on the magnitude of the stress values in the contact region. These stress values often have the most influence on small cracks where traditional long-crack fracture mechanics may not apply. A number of random variables can be used to model the uncertainty associated with the fatigue crack growth process. However, these variables can often be reduced to a few primary random variables related to the size and location of the initial crack, variability associated with applied stress and crack growth life models, and uncertainty in the quality and frequency of nondeterministic inspections. In this paper, an approach is presented for estimating the risk reduction associated with the nondestructive inspection of aircraft engine components subjected to fretting fatigue. Contact stress values in the blade attachment region are estimated using a fine mesh finite element model coupled with a singular integral equation solver and combined with bulk stress values to obtain the total stress gradient at the edge of contact. This stress gradient is applied to the crack growth life prediction of a mode I fretting fatigue crack. A probabilistic model of the fretting process is formulated and calibrated using failure data from an existing engine fleet. The resulting calibrated model is used to quantify the influence of inspection on the probability of fracture of an actual military engine disk under real life loading conditions. The results can be applied to quantitative risk predictions of gas turbine engine components subjected to fretting fatigue. C1 [Enright, Michael P.; Chan, Kwai S.; Moody, Jonathan P.] SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78238 USA. [Golden, Patrick J.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Chandra, Ramesh; Pentz, Alan C.] NAVAIR, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Enright, MP (reprint author), SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78238 USA. FU NAVAIR [EDO-08-SA-0021]; Air Force Research Laboratory/Major Shared Resource Center (AFRL/MSRC) FX This work was supported by NAVAIR under Agreement No. EDO-08-SA-0021. The authors wish to acknowledge Dr. Sam Naboulsi for performing the fine mesh finite element computations at the Air Force Research Laboratory/Major Shared Resource Center (AFRL/MSRC) at Wright-Patterson AFB. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 20 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0742-4795 J9 J ENG GAS TURB POWER JI J. Eng. Gas. Turbines Power-Trans. ASME PD JUL PY 2010 VL 132 IS 7 AR 072502 DI 10.1115/1.4000130 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 588NY UT WOS:000277079800010 ER PT J AU Tucci, J AF Tucci, Jim TI Warfare in the Ancient World SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Article C1 [Tucci, Jim] Univ Air, USAF, SAASS, Montgomery, AL USA. [Tucci, Jim] USAF Acad, Dept Hist, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Tucci, J (reprint author), Univ Air, USAF, SAASS, Montgomery, AL USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 74 IS 3 BP 879 EP 899 PG 21 WC History SC History GA 623NA UT WOS:000279746500008 ER PT J AU Dusch, CD AF Dusch, Charles D., Jr. TI The Legacy of the Great War: Ninety Years On SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Dusch, Charles D., Jr.] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Dusch, CD (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 74 IS 3 BP 950 EP 951 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 623NA UT WOS:000279746500042 ER PT J AU Terry, MR AF Terry, Michael Robert TI Air Power, Insurgency and the "War on Terror" SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Terry, Michael Robert] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Terry, MR (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 74 IS 3 BP 988 EP 990 PG 3 WC History SC History GA 623NA UT WOS:000279746500069 ER PT J AU Pachter, M Pham, KD AF Pachter, M. Pham, K. D. TI Discrete-Time Linear-Quadratic Dynamic Games SO JOURNAL OF OPTIMIZATION THEORY AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Discrete-time linear-quadratic dynamic games; Disturbance rejection ID STOCHASTIC DIFFERENTIAL-GAMES AB Finite-dimensional, time invariant, linear quadratic dynamic games are perhaps the best understood and researched class of dynamic games. This is particularly true for continuous-time linear quadratic differential games. In this paper, the application of the theory of dynamic games to signal processing is considered. We are interested in digital signal processing and therefore we confine our attention to discrete-time linear-quadratic dynamic games (LQDG). In discrete-time the cost function contains product terms between the decision variables which complicates the analysis compared to its continuous-time analogue. With a view to facilitate the application of the theory of dynamic games to digital signal processing, and in particular, disturbance rejection, the complete solution of the discrete-time LQDG is worked out and explicit results are obtained. Thus, discrete-time LQDGs have the distinct advantage of being amenable to analysis, closed-form solutions are possible, and one is in tune with modern digital signal processing techniques. In this paper, minimal necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a solution to the discrete-time LQDG are provided and its explicit, closed-form, solution is worked out. This opens the way to designing novel digital signal processing algorithms for disturbance rejection. Information plays a critical role in game theory and in particular in dynamic games. Using our explicit solution of the deterministic LQDG, a hierarchy of three zero-sum stochastic LQDGs characterized by a sequence of information patterns which increase in complexity is analyzed. C1 [Pachter, M.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, AFIT ENG, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Pham, K. D.] AFRL VSSV, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Pachter, M (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, AFIT ENG, 2950 Hobson Way,Bldg 640, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Meir.Pachter@afit.edu NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-3239 J9 J OPTIMIZ THEORY APP JI J. Optim. Theory Appl. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 146 IS 1 BP 151 EP 179 DI 10.1007/s10957-010-9661-x PG 29 WC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA 642VY UT WOS:000281250300010 ER PT J AU Eyet, N Freel, K Heaven, MC Viggiano, AA AF Eyet, Nicole Freel, Keith Heaven, Michael C. Viggiano, A. A. TI Reactions of Negative Ions with ClN3 at 300 K SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID CHLORINE AZIDE; ENERGY; MOLECULES; CYCLIC-N-3; FORMULA; DENSITY; LASER; GAS AB The reactivity of ClN3 with 17 negative ions has been investigated at 300 K. The electron affinity (EA) of ClN3 was bracketed to be between that of NO2 and N-3, giving EA(ClN3) = 2.48 +/- 0.20 eV, in agreement with an electronic structure calculation. Reaction rate constants and product ion branching ratios were measured. In nearly all cases the major product of the reaction was chloride ions. Charge transfer, N-3(-) production, and 0 atom incorporation is also observed. DFT calculations of stable complexes and transition states are presented for two typical ions. Mechanistic details are discussed in terms of reaction coordinate diagrams. C1 [Eyet, Nicole; Freel, Keith; Viggiano, A. A.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Eyet, Nicole] St Anselm Coll, Dept Chem, Manchester, NH 03102 USA. [Eyet, Nicole] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. [Freel, Keith; Heaven, Michael C.] Emory Univ, Dept Chem, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Viggiano, AA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JUL 1 PY 2010 VL 114 IS 25 BP 6832 EP 6836 DI 10.1021/jp102951z PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 613LX UT WOS:000278981900013 PM 20524675 ER PT J AU Phipps, C Birkan, M Bohn, W Eckel, HA Horisawa, H Lippert, T Michaelis, M Rezunkov, Y Sasoh, A Schall, W Scharring, S Sinko, J AF Phipps, Claude Birkan, Mitat Bohn, Willy Eckel, Hans-Albert Horisawa, Hideyuki Lippert, Thomas Michaelis, Max Rezunkov, Yuri Sasoh, Akihiro Schall, Wolfgang Scharring, Stefan Sinko, John TI Review: Laser-Ablation Propulsion SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Review ID IN-TUBE ACCELERATOR; ENERGY AIR SPIKE; SPACE PROPULSION; PLASMA THRUSTER; PERFORMANCE-CHARACTERISTICS; SHOCKWAVE PROPERTIES; LIQUID PROPELLANTS; HYPERSONIC FLOW; HIGH VELOCITIES; TEA CO2-LASER C1 [Phipps, Claude] Photon Associates LLC, Santa Fe, NM 87508 USA. [Birkan, Mitat] USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Bohn, Willy] BohnLaser Consult, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. [Eckel, Hans-Albert; Scharring, Stefan] German Aerosp Ctr, DLR, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. [Horisawa, Hideyuki] Tokai Univ, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 2591292, Japan. [Lippert, Thomas] Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. [Michaelis, Max] Univ KwaZulu Natal, ZA-4001 Durban, South Africa. [Rezunkov, Yuri] Sosnovy Bor, Leningrad Region, Russia. [Sasoh, Akihiro] Nagoya Univ, Nagoya, Aichi 4648603, Japan. [Sinko, John] Kratos Def & Secur Solut Inc, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. RP Phipps, C (reprint author), Photon Associates LLC, Santa Fe, NM 87508 USA. RI Lippert, Thomas/N-2423-2016 NR 168 TC 82 Z9 100 U1 11 U2 71 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD JUL-AUG PY 2010 VL 26 IS 4 BP 609 EP 637 DI 10.2514/1.43733 PG 29 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 630EK UT WOS:000280255300001 ER PT J AU Lahr, MD Pitz, RW Douglas, ZW Carter, CD AF Lahr, Michael D. Pitz, Robert W. Douglas, Zachary W. Carter, Campbell D. TI Hydroxyl-Tagging-Velocimetry Measurements of a Supersonic Flow over a Cavity SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit CY JUL 20-23, 2008 CL Hartford, CT SP AIAA, ASME, SAE, ASEE ID LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; VELOCITY-MEASUREMENTS; REACTING FLOWS; NITRIC-OXIDE; SHEAR-LAYER; HIGH-SPEED; PHOTODISSOCIATION; COMBUSTION; OZONE; AIR AB Hydroxyl-tagging-velocimetry measurements were made throughout the compressible flowfield of a Mach 2 air flow over a cavity. The supersonic flowfield simulates the pilot region of scramjet combustion under nonreacting conditions. In the hydroxyl-tagging-velocimetry method, ArF excimer laser (193 nm) beams pass through a humid gas flow, dissociating water to form a tagging grid of hydroxyl molecules. The hydroxyl-tagging-velocimetry grid density has been increased to 11 x 11 to yield up to 120 velocity vectors of the two-dimensional flow over a fixed time delay of 2-3 mu s. Instantaneous single-shot measurements of two-dimensional How patterns were made in the nonreacting Mach 2 flow over a wall cavity under low- and high-backpressure conditions. Single-shot profiles were analyzed to yield mean and rms deviation velocity profiles in the Mach 2 nonreacting flow. Compressibility greatly reduces the growth rate of the supersonic shear layer formed at the edge of the cavity. A set of velocity data (spanning the entire length of the cavity) for an open wall cavity in a supersonic flow under low- and high-backpressure conditions was compiled for validation of computational fluid dynamics models. C1 [Lahr, Michael D.; Pitz, Robert W.; Douglas, Zachary W.] Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Carter, Campbell D.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Lahr, MD (reprint author), Brasfield & Gorrie, 200 Colonial Ctr Pkwy, Lake Mary, FL 32746 USA. RI Pitz, Robert/H-7868-2016 OI Pitz, Robert/0000-0001-6435-5618 NR 50 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 EI 1533-3876 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD JUL-AUG PY 2010 VL 26 IS 4 BP 790 EP 797 DI 10.2514/1.47264 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 630EK UT WOS:000280255300019 ER PT J AU Rothman, LS Rinsland, CP Goldman, A Massie, ST Edwards, DP Flaud, JM Perrin, A Camy-Peyret, C Dana, V Mandin, JY Schroeder, J McCann, A Gamache, RR Wattson, RB Yoshino, K Chance, KV Jucks, KW Brown, LR Nemtchinov, V Varanasi, P AF Rothman, L. S. Rinsland, C. P. Goldman, A. Massie, S. T. Edwards, D. P. Flaud, J. -M. Perrin, A. Camy-Peyret, C. Dana, V. Mandin, J. -Y. Schroeder, J. McCann, A. Gamache, R. R. Wattson, R. B. Yoshino, K. Chance, K. V. Jucks, K. W. Brown, L. R. Nemtchinov, V. Varanasi, P. TI THE HITRAN MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPIC DATABASE AND HAWKS (HITRAN ATMOSPHERIC WORKSTATION): 1996 EDITION (Reprint from J Quant Spectrosc Radiat Transfer, vol 60, pg 665-710, 1998) SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Reprint ID ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTIONS; COLLISION-INDUCED ABSORPTION; FAR-INFRARED SPECTRUM; SELF-BROADENING COEFFICIENTS; DIODE-LASER SPECTROSCOPY; SCHUMANN-RUNGE BANDS; NONLOCAL THERMODYNAMIC-EQUILIBRIUM; DIRECT NUMERICAL DIAGONALIZATION; HIGH-RESOLUTION SPECTROSCOPY; COMPLEX REFRACTIVE-INDEXES AB Since its first publication in 1973, the HITRAN molecular spectroscopic database has been recognized as the international standard for providing the necessary fundamental spectroscopic parameters for diverse atmospheric and laboratory transmission and radiance calculations. There have been periodic editions of HITRAN over the past decades as the database has been expanded and improved with respect to the molecular species and spectral range covered, the number of parameters included, and the accuracy of this information. The 1996 edition not only includes the customary line-by-line transition parameters familiar to HITRAN users, but also cross-section data, aerosol indices of refraction, software to filter and manipulate the data, and documentation. This paper describes the data and features that have been added or replaced since the previous edition of HITRAN. We also cite instances of critical data that are forthcoming. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 [Rothman, L. S.] USAF, Res Lab, VSBM, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Rothman, L. S.; Yoshino, K.; Chance, K. V.; Jucks, K. W.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Rinsland, C. P.] NASA, Div Atmospher Sci, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Goldman, A.] Univ Denver, Dept Phys, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Massie, S. T.; Edwards, D. P.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Flaud, J. -M.; Perrin, A.] Univ Paris 11, Photophys Mol Lab, CNRS, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Camy-Peyret, C.; Dana, V.; Mandin, J. -Y.] Univ Paris 06, LPMA, F-75252 Paris 05, France. [Schroeder, J.; McCann, A.] Ontar Corp, N Andover, MA 01845 USA. [Gamache, R. R.] Univ Mass Lowell, Dept Environm Earth & Atmospher Sci, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. [Wattson, R. B.] Utah State Univ, Stewart Radiance Lab, Bedford, MA 01730 USA. [Brown, L. R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Nemtchinov, V.; Varanasi, P.] SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Rothman, LS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, VSBM, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 289 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 22 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 111 IS 11 SI SI BP 1568 EP 1613 PG 46 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 617FG UT WOS:000279265700012 ER PT J AU Lai, ST AF Lai, Shu T. TI Importance of Surface Conditions for Spacecraft Charging SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 47th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit CY JAN 05-08, 2009 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID ELECTRON; EMISSION AB This paper studies the importance of secondary and backscattered electrons in spacecraft charging. The secondary and backscattered electron yields from surface materials are affected not only by the energies of the incoming electrons but also by the surface condition. Some typical parameters characterizing the surface condition are the surface smoothness, thickness, surface composition, and surface contamination. By using the published formulae of secondary and backscattered electron yields, the critical temperature values for the onset of spacecraft charging are calculated. The results found are different for different yield formulae. The yields are not only important in governing the current balance at equilibrium and the onset of spacecraft charging, but also in affecting the accuracy of model calculations of the spacecraft potential. This paper suggests that, for predicting spacecraft charging or in spacecraft design, it is inadequate to look up published tables of the yields for a given type of surface material. It is necessary to measure the secondary electron and backscattered electron yields of an actual piece of the surface material, because the thickness, smoothness, surface composition, and so forth can affect the yields and, in turn, spacecraft charging. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Lai, ST (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD JUL-AUG PY 2010 VL 47 IS 4 BP 634 EP 638 DI 10.2514/1.48824 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 640AM UT WOS:000281019200010 ER PT J AU Cobb, RG Black, JT Swenson, ED AF Cobb, Richard G. Black, Jonathan T. Swenson, Eric D. TI Design and Flight Qualification of the Rigidizable Inflatable Get-Away-Special Experiment SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC 50th Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference CY MAY 02-07, 2009 CL Palm Springs, CA SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, ASME, ASCE, AHS, ASC AB The Air Force Institute of Technology developed the Rigidizable Inflatable Get-Away-Special Experiment to demonstrate the feasibility of using rigidizable inflatable technology for space structures. The experiment autonomously deployed and captured the structural characteristics of three rigidizable inflatable tubes while in the space environment. The three identical tubes were made from carbon fibers in a thermoplastic resin. The experiment was designed to fly in the Canister for All Payload Ejections container within the Space Shuttle Orbiter's payload bay. It successfully completed its mission on 26 March 2008 after being in orbit for 16 days. The Rigidizable Inflatable Get-Away-Special Experiment represents the first successful deployment and rigidization of inflatable rigidizable structures in space. It also validates the unique heating, inflation, and rigidization process and hardware and shows the potential of this technology to enable substantially larger space structures. C1 [Cobb, Richard G.; Black, Jonathan T.; Swenson, Eric D.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Cobb, RG (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RI Black, Jonathan/R-4875-2016 OI Black, Jonathan/0000-0001-9315-3994 NR 30 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD JUL-AUG PY 2010 VL 47 IS 4 BP 659 EP 669 DI 10.2514/1.48636 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 640AM UT WOS:000281019200013 ER PT J AU Hoglund, E Brungart, D Iyer, N Hamil, J Mobley, F Hall, J AF Hoglund, Evelyn Brungart, Douglas Iyer, Nandini Hamil, James Mobley, Frank Hall, John TI Auditory acuity for aircraft in real-world ambient environments SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE acoustic noise; hearing; helicopters ID ANNOYANCE AB Although many psychoacoustic studies have been conducted to examine the detection of masked target sounds, the vast majority of these studies have been conducted in carefully controlled laboratory listening environments, and their results may not apply to the detection of real-world sounds in the presence of naturalistic ambient sound fields. Those studies that have examined the detection of realistic naturally-occurring sounds have been conducted in uncontrolled listening environments (i.e., outdoor listening tests) where the experimenters were unable to precisely control, or even measure, the specific characteristics of the target and masker at the time of the detection judgment. This study represents an attempt to bridge the gap between unrealistic laboratory listening studies and uncontrolled outdoor listening studies through the use of pseudorandomly-presented real world recordings of target and masking sounds. Subjects were asked to detect helicopter signals in the context of an ongoing ambient recording in a two interval detection task. The results show that the signal-to-noise ratio required to detect an aircraft sound varies across different types of ambient environments (i.e., rural, suburban, or urban). [DOI: 10.1121/1.3438480] C1 [Hoglund, Evelyn; Brungart, Douglas; Iyer, Nandini; Hamil, James; Mobley, Frank; Hall, John] USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hoglund, E (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Speech & Hearing Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM hoglund.1@osu.edu FU Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) FX A portion of this work was supported by a grant from the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 128 IS 1 BP 164 EP 171 DI 10.1121/1.3438480 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 626WV UT WOS:000279999700030 PM 20649211 ER PT J AU Tang, WB Mathur, M Haller, G Hahn, DC Ruggiero, FH AF Tang, Wenbo Mathur, Manikandan Haller, George Hahn, Douglas C. Ruggiero, Frank H. TI Lagrangian Coherent Structures near a Subtropical Jet Stream SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID FROUDE-NUMBER FLOW; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; GRAVITY-WAVES; LEE VORTICES; TURBULENCE; DEFINITION; EVOLUTION; DYNAMICS; VICINITY; VORTEX AB Direct Lyapunov exponents and stability results are used to extract and distinguish Lagrangian coherent structures (LCS) from a three-dimensional atmospheric dataset generated from the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. The numerical model is centered at 19.78 degrees N, 155.55 degrees W, initialized from the Global Forecast System for the case of a subtropical jet stream near Hawaii on 12 December 2002. The LCS are identified that appear to create optical and mechanical turbulence, as evidenced by balloon data collected during a measurement campaign near Hawaii. C1 [Tang, Wenbo] Arizona State Univ, Sch Math & Stat Sci, Tempe, AZ USA. [Mathur, Manikandan; Haller, George] MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Hahn, Douglas C.; Ruggiero, Frank H.] USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. RP Haller, G (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K6, Canada. EM george.haller@mcgill.ca RI Haller, George/A-5076-2012; OI Hahn, Douglas/0000-0003-0755-7904; Tang, Wenbo/0000-0003-3352-7784 FU AFOSR [FA9550-06-1-0101, FA9550-08-1-0055] FX We would like to acknowledge the support by the AFOSR Grant (FA9550-06-1-0101). WT also acknowledges the support by the AFOSR Grant (FA9550-08-1-0055). We are grateful to George Jumper, Owen Cote, John Roadcap, Alex Mahalov, and John McHugh for helpful discussions. We also thank anonymous reviewers from Hanscom AFB and the Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences for helpful comments and suggestions. NR 31 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 67 IS 7 BP 2307 EP 2319 DI 10.1175/2010JAS3176.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 631JK UT WOS:000280342500012 ER PT J AU Mathey, P Jauslin, HR Gadret, G Cook, G Evans, DR Odoulov, S AF Mathey, Pierre Jauslin, Hans-Rudolf Gadret, Gregory Cook, Gary Evans, Dean R. Odoulov, Serguey TI Absolute instability in backward wave four-wave mixing: spatial effects SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PUMP WAVES; OSCILLATOR; THRESHOLD AB The spatial distribution of new beams generated above the threshold of absolute instability of two counter-propagating incoherent light waves is studied and compared with the results of calculation. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Mathey, Pierre; Jauslin, Hans-Rudolf; Gadret, Gregory] Univ Bourgogne, CNRS, UMR 5209, Lab Interdisciplinaire Carnot Bourgogne, F-21078 Dijon, France. [Cook, Gary; Evans, Dean R.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Cook, Gary] Azimuth Corp, Dayton, OH USA. [Odoulov, Serguey] Natl Acad Sci, Inst Phys, UA-03650 Kiev, Ukraine. RP Mathey, P (reprint author), Univ Bourgogne, CNRS, UMR 5209, Lab Interdisciplinaire Carnot Bourgogne, 9 Ave Alain Savary,BP 47870, F-21078 Dijon, France. EM pmathey@u-bourgogne.fr FU Universite de Bourgogne FX S. Odoulov gratefully acknowledges the support of Universite de Bourgogne during his stay as an invited professor in Dijon. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 27 IS 7 BP 1481 EP 1486 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 619KT UT WOS:000279429800026 ER PT J AU Michalak, TE Yerkes, KL Thomas, SK McQuillen, JB AF Michalak, Travis E. Yerkes, Kirk L. Thomas, Scott K. McQuillen, John B. TI Acceleration Effects on the Cooling Performance of a Partially Confined FC-72 Spray SO JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS AND HEAT TRANSFER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 45th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit CY JAN 08-11, 2007 CL Reno, NV SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut (AIAA) ID MULTIPLE-NOZZLE ARRAYS; HEAT-TRANSFER; REDUCED GRAVITY; FUTURE CHALLENGES; VARIABLE-GRAVITY; SINGLE-NOZZLE; MICROGRAVITY; FLUX; MANAGEMENT; PHASE AB This paper discusses the effects of a variable-gravity environment on the performance of a subcooled partially confined spray. An experiment consisting of a test chamber, associated flow loops, and instrumentation was fabricated and flown on the NASA Reduced-Gravity Testing Platform. This modified KC-135 aircraft followed a parabolic flight path to provide various acceleration levels. The spray chamber contained a nozzle spraying onto an upward-facing thick-film resistor heater, which was mounted on an insulating glass pedestal. Thermocouples under the heater in the glass pedestal were used to determine the healer surface temperature. The glass pedestal was surrounded by an annular till nip system, which was used to collect and remove the cooling fluid from the test chamber. The fluid used for this testing was FC-72, which is a nontoxic. nonflammable, and non reactive refrigerant. Because of its dielectric nature, FC-72 was sprayed directly onto the thick-film heater. The parametric ranges of this experiment were as follows: heat flux to the spray was 21.1 <= q(sp)'' <= 69.0 W/cm(2), acceleration field was 0.15 <= a <= 1.80 g, coolant volumetric flow rate was 6.18 <= V <= 8.94 ml/s, and coolant subcooling was 23.1 <= Delta T-sc <= 31.7 K. The heal fluxes tested were below the critical heat flux q(CHF)''. The wall superheat Delta T-sat = T-s - T-sat was found to increase with heat input and acceleration and to decrease with subcooling and volumetric flow rate. C1 [Michalak, Travis E.] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Energy Power Thermal Div,Thermal & Electrochem Br, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Thomas, Scott K.] Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [McQuillen, John B.] NASA, John H Glenn Res Ctr, Lewis Field, Micrograv Fluid Phys Branch, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Michalak, TE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Energy Power Thermal Div,Thermal & Electrochem Br, 1950 5th St,Bldg 18, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 61 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0887-8722 EI 1533-6808 J9 J THERMOPHYS HEAT TR JI J. Thermophys. Heat Transf. PD JUL-SEP PY 2010 VL 24 IS 3 BP 463 EP 479 DI 10.2514/1.46547 PG 17 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 632SC UT WOS:000280447000003 ER PT J AU Burkhardt, GE Spencer, JR Gifford, SM Propper, B Jones, L Sumner, N Cowart, J Rasmussen, TE AF Burkhardt, Gabriel E. Spencer, Jerry R. Gifford, Shaun M. Propper, Brandon Jones, Lyell Sumner, Nathan Cowart, Jerry Rasmussen, Todd E. TI A Large Animal Survival Model (Sus Scrofa) of Extremity Ischemia/Reperfusion and Neuromuscular Outcomes Assessment: A Pilot Study SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article DE Large-animal model; Extremity; Ischemia; Reperfusion; Neuromuscular recovery ID SKELETAL-MUSCLE NECROSIS; REPERFUSION INJURY; PORCINE MODEL; ARTERIOVENOUS REVERSAL; PERIPHERAL-NERVE; VASCULAR INJURY; ISCHEMIA; LIMB; QUANTITATION; MANAGEMENT AB Background: Extremity ischemia/reperfusion has been studied mostly in small-animal models with limited characterization of neuromuscular or functional outcome. The objective of this experiment was to report a large-animal survival model of extremity ischemia/reperfusion using circulating, electromyographic (EMG), gate, and histologic measures of injury and limb recovery. Methods: Sus scrofa swine (n = 6; mean, 83 kg) were randomized to iliac artery occlusion for 0 (control), 1 (1 HR), 3 (3 HR), or 6 (6 HR) hours. Restoration of flow after a standard large-vessel reconstructive technique (thrombectomy, heparin irrigation, and patch angioplasty) was performed in each of the control, 1HR, 3HR, and 6HR animals, whereas one animal had iliac artery segment excision with no restoration (NR) of axial flow. One animal had operative exposure but no intervention on the iliac artery (sham). Animals were recovered and closely monitored for 2 weeks. Indicators of ischemia/reperfusion and functional recovery, including circulating markers, EMG measures (complex motor action potential), and Tarlov gate scoring (0-4; 0, insensate/paralyzed to 4, normal posture and no gait abnormality) were measured at 24 hours and 72 hours and 7 days and 14 days. Muscle (peroneus) and nerve (peroneal) were collected during necropsy at 14 days to assess gross and histologic changes. Duplex ultrasound was performed serially during the recovery period to confirm patency of vascular reconstruction. Results: There were no deaths or failures of vascular reconstruction. Control had a Tarlov score of 4 and normal EMG measures at each point during recovery (same as sham). Tarlov scores at 1, 3, and 14 days recovery in each of the animals were as follows: 1HR: 3, 3, and 4; 3HR: 1, 2, and 4; 6HR: 1, 2, and 3; and NR: 1, 2, and 4. Complex motor action potential as a percentage of baseline at 1, 2, and 14 days recovery was as follows: 1HR: 56%, 55%, and 84%; 3HR: 9%, 8%, and 57%; 6HR: 5%, 5%, and 16%; and NR: 22%, 28%, and 33%. Muscle and nerve histology was the same in sham, control, and 1HR animals. Moderate degeneration and necrosis was observed in peroneus muscle of the 3HR animals. The peroneal nerve in 3HR demonstrated minimal Wallerian degeneration. Severe necrosis was present, as was minimal regeneration, and peroneal nerve demonstrated moderate Wallerian degeneration in 6HR. Conclusion: This study reports a new large-animal survival model of extremity ischemia/reperfusion using circulating, functional, and histologic markers of neuromuscular recovery. Findings provide insight into an extremity ischemic threshold after which functional neuromuscular recovery is lost. Additional study is necessary to define this threshold and factors that may move it to a more or less favorable position in the setting of extremity injury. C1 [Rasmussen, Todd E.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Div Surg Flight CC, San Antonio Mil Med Ctr Consortium, Dept Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. 59th Clin Res Squadron, Lackland AFB, TX USA. [Burkhardt, Gabriel E.; Gifford, Shaun M.; Propper, Brandon] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Surg, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Rasmussen, Todd E.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Rasmussen, TE (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Div Surg Flight CC, San Antonio Mil Med Ctr Consortium, Dept Surg, 2200 Bergquist Dr Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM todd.rasmussen@lackland.af.mil NR 30 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5282 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD JUL PY 2010 VL 69 SU 1 BP S146 EP S153 DI 10.1097/TA.0b013e3181e6a09b PG 8 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 627AC UT WOS:000280009000022 PM 20622610 ER PT J AU Hospenthal, DR Crouch, HK English, JF Leach, F Pool, J Conger, NG Whitman, TJ Wortmann, GW Murray, CK Cordts, PR Gamble, WB AF Hospenthal, Duane R. Crouch, Helen K. English, Judith F. Leach, Fluryanne Pool, Jane Conger, Nicholas G. Whitman, Timothy J. Wortmann, Glenn W. Murray, Clinton K. Cordts, Paul R. Gamble, W. Bryan TI Response to Infection Control Challenges in the Deployed Setting: Operations Iraqi and Enduring Freedom SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article DE Infection prevention and control; Infection; Military; Combat; Trauma ID US ARMY SOLDIERS; ACINETOBACTER-BAUMANNII; COLONIZATION; CASUALTIES; RECOVERY; OUTBREAK; TRAUMA AB Background: Infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs), including Acinetobacter, have complicated the care of military personnel injured in Operations Iraqi and Enduring Freedom. Cumulative data suggest that nosocomial transmission of MDROs in deployed medical treatment facilities (MTFs) has contributed to these infections. A 2008 review of deployed MTFs identified multiple factors impeding the performance of infection prevention and control (IC) practices. In response, efforts to emphasize IC basics, improve expertise, and better track MDRO colonization were pursued. Methods: Efforts to increase awareness and enhance IC in deployed MTFs were focused on educating leaders and deploying personnel, producing deployed IC resources, and standardizing level IV and V admission screening for MDRO colonization. A repeat mission in 2009 reviewed interval progress. Results: Increased awareness and the need for emphasis on basic IC practice, including hand hygiene, use of transmission-based (isolation) precautions, and cohorting of patients, were imparted to leaders and deploying personnel through briefings, presentations, and an All Army Activities message. Enhancement of IC expertise was implemented through increased standardization of IC practice, establishment of a predeployment IC short course, an IC teleconsultation service, and dedicated Internet resources. Standardization of admission colonization screening of personnel evacuated from the combat theater was established to better define and respond to the MDRO problem. A repeat review of the deployed MTFs found overall improvement in IC practice, including clear command emphasis in the Iraqi theater of operations. Conclusions: Maintaining a strong IC effort in the deployed setting, even in a stabilized operational environment, is difficult. Use of innovative strategies to enhance expertise and practice were implemented to reduce MDRO infections. C1 [Hospenthal, Duane R.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, MCHE MDI, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Crouch, Helen K.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Infect Control Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Hospenthal, Duane R.; Wortmann, Glenn W.; Murray, Clinton K.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, F Edward Hebert Sch Med, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [English, Judith F.] USN, Bur Med & Surg, Washington, DC USA. [Leach, Fluryanne] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Infect Control Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Wortmann, Glenn W.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Pool, Jane] Landstuhl Reg Med Ctr, Infect Control Div, Ramstein AFB, Germany. [Conger, Nicholas G.] Landstuhl Reg Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Ramstein AFB, Germany. [Cordts, Paul R.] USA, Hlth Policy Serv, Off Surg Gen, Falls Church, VA USA. [Whitman, Timothy J.] Natl Naval Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Bethesda, MD USA. [Gamble, W. Bryan] US Cent Command, Command Surg Off, MacDill AFB, FL USA. RP Hospenthal, DR (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, MCHE MDI, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM duane.hospenthal@amedd.army.mil NR 15 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5282 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD JUL PY 2010 VL 69 SU 1 BP S94 EP S101 DI 10.1097/TA.0b013e3181e44b3f PG 8 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 627AC UT WOS:000280009000015 PM 20622627 ER PT J AU Rodriquez, D Blakeman, TC Dorlac, W Johannigman, JA Branson, RD AF Rodriquez, Dario, Jr. Blakeman, Thomas C. Dorlac, Warren Johannigman, Jay A. Branson, Richard D. TI Maximizing Oxygen Delivery During Mechanical Ventilation With a Portable Oxygen Concentrator SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article DE Mechanical ventilation; Inspired oxygen; Oxygen delivery; Low flow oxygen; Oxygen concentrator; Tidal volume; Transport AB Background: Transportation of the critically ill or injured war fighter requires the coordinated care and judicious use of resources. Availability of oxygen (O(2)) supplies for the mechanically ventilated patient is crucial. Size and weight of cylinders makes transport difficult and presents an increased risk of fire. A proposed solution is to use a portable oxygen concentrator (POC) for mechanical ventilation. We tested the SeQual Eclipse II POC paired with the Impact 754 and Pulmonetics LTV-1200 ventilators in the laboratory and evaluated the fraction of inspired oxygen (FIO(2)) across a range of minute volumes. Methods: Each ventilator was attached to a test lung and pressure, volume, flow, and inspired oxygen (FIO(2)) was measured by a gas or flow analyzer. Ventilators were tested at a tidal volume (V(T)) of 500 mL; an inspiratory time of 1.0 second; respiratory rates of 10, 20, and 30 breaths per minute; and positive end-expiratory pressure of 0 and 10 cm H(2)O. The LTV 1200 was tested with and without the expiratory bias flow. The Eclipse II was modified to provide pulse dosing on inspiration at 3 volumes (64, 128, and 192 mL) and continuous flow at 1 L/min to 3 L/min. Six combinations of ventilator settings were used with each POC setting for evaluation. O(2) was injected at the ventilator gas outlet and patient y-piece for pulse dose and continuous flow. Additionally, continuous flow O(2) was injected into the oxygen inlet port of the LTV 1200, and a reservoir bag, on the inlet port of the Impact 754. All tests were done with both ventilators using continuous flow, wall source O(2) as a control. We also measured the FIO(2) with the concentrator on the highest pulse dose setting while decreasing ventilator V(T) to compensate for the added volume. Results: The delivered FIO(2) was highest when oxygen was injected into the ventilator circuit at the patient y-piece using pulse dosing, with the VT corrected. The next highest FIO(2) was with continuous flow at the inlet (LTV), and reservoir (Impact). Electrical power consumption was less during pulse dose operation. Summary: Oxygen is a finite resource, which is cumbersome to transport and may present a fire hazard. The relatively high FIO(2) delivered by the POC makes this method of O(2) delivery a viable alternative to O(2) cylinders. However, patients requiring an FIO(2) of 1.0 would require additional compressed oxygen. This system allows O(2) delivery up to 76% solely using electricity. An integrated ventilator or POC capable of automatically compensating V(T) for POC output is desirable. Further patient testing needs to be done to validate these laboratory findings. C1 [Rodriquez, Dario, Jr.; Dorlac, Warren] USAF, C STARS, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Blakeman, Thomas C.; Johannigman, Jay A.; Branson, Richard D.] Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Branson, RD (reprint author), 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45255 USA. EM richard.branson@uc.edu NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5282 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD JUL PY 2010 VL 69 SU 1 BP S87 EP S93 DI 10.1097/TA.0b013e3181e44b27 PG 7 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 627AC UT WOS:000280009000014 PM 20622626 ER PT J AU Serkin, FB Soderdahl, DW Hernandez, J Patterson, M Blackbourne, L Wade, CE AF Serkin, Faye B. Soderdahl, Douglas W. Hernandez, Javier Patterson, Maria Blackbourne, Lorne Wade, Charles E. TI Combat Urologic Trauma in US Military Overseas Contingency Operations SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article DE Genitourinary injuries; OCO; JTTR ID IRAQI FREEDOM; ENDURING FREEDOM; UROGENITAL INJURIES; URETERAL INJURIES; WAR INJURIES; MANAGEMENT; EXPERIENCE; EXPLOSIONS; DIAGNOSIS; THEATER AB Background: This article reports on the occurrences and patterns of genitourinary (GU) trauma in the contemporary high-intensity conflict of the overseas contingency operations (OCOs). methods: The Joint Theater Trauma Registry was queried for all US military members who received treatment for GU wounds and concomitant injuries sustained in OCOs for > 75 months between October 2001 and January 2008. Results: Of the 16,323 trauma admissions annotated in the Joint Theater Trauma Registry, 819 (5%) had one or more GU injuries. Of the GU casualties, 90% were sustained in Iraq and 65% were because of explosions. The average casualty age was 26 years (range, 18-58 years) and 98.5% were men. There were 887 unique GU injuries distributed as follows: scrotum, 257 (29.0%); kidney, 203 (22.9%); bladder, 189 (21.3%); penis, 126 (14.2%); testicle, 81 (9.1%); ureter, 24 (2.7%); and urethra, 7 (0.8%). Of the 203 patients with kidney injuries, 22% went to the operating room with 31 patients having nephrectomies. There were 189 bladder injuries with 26 patients (14%) having concomitant pelvic fractures. Conclusions: This is the largest report of GU injuries during any military conflict. The distribution and percentage of casualties with GU injuries in the OCO are similar to those of previous conflicts. Consideration should be given to personnel protective equipment for the areas associated with GU injuries and predeployment training directed at the care of these injuries. C1 [Serkin, Faye B.; Soderdahl, Douglas W.; Hernandez, Javier; Patterson, Maria] San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Dept Urol, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. [Blackbourne, Lorne; Wade, Charles E.] USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Wade, Charles E.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr Houston, Ctr Translat Injury Res, Houston, TX USA. [Wade, Charles E.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr Houston, Dept Surg, Houston, TX USA. RP Serkin, FB (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Urol MCSU, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM fayeserkin@yahoo.com FU Institute of Surgical Research FX Supported by the Institute of Surgical Research. NR 34 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5282 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD JUL PY 2010 VL 69 SU 1 BP S175 EP S178 DI 10.1097/TA.0b013e3181e45cd1 PG 4 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 627AC UT WOS:000280009000026 PM 20622614 ER PT J AU Burkhardt, GE Cox, M Clouse, WD Porras, C Gifford, SM Williams, K Propper, BW Rasmussen, TE AF Burkhardt, Gabriel E. Cox, Mitchell Clouse, W. Darrin Porras, Chantel Gifford, Shaun M. Williams, Ken Propper, Brandon W. Rasmussen, Todd E. TI Outcomes of selective tibial artery repair following combat-related extremity injury SO JOURNAL OF VASCULAR SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Annual Conference of the Eastern-Vascular-Society CY SEP 24-26, 2009 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Eastern Vasc Soc ID VASCULAR INJURIES; DAMAGE CONTROL; LIMB SALVAGE; TRAUMA; MANAGEMENT; WAR AB Objective: Selective tibial revascularization refers to the practice of vessel repair vs ligation or observation based on factors observed at the time of injury. Although commonly employed, the effectiveness of this strategy and its impact on sustained limb salvage is unknown. The objective of this study is to define the factors most relevant in selective tibial artery revascularization and to characterize limb salvage following tibial-level vascular injury. Methods: The cohort of active-duty military patients undergoing infrapopliteal artery repair comprises the tibial Bypass group. A similarly injured cohort of patients that did not undergo operative vascular intervention (No Bypass group) was identified. All tibial vessel injuries were documented by angiography. Data were compiled via medical records and patient interview. The primary outcome measure was failure of limb salvage. Multivariate regression was performed to identify factors associated with revascularization and to describe factors associated with amputation. Results: Between March 2003 and September 2008, 135 of 1332 patients with battle-related vascular injuries had documented tibial vessel disruption or occlusion. Of these, 104 were included for analysis. Twenty-one underwent autologous vein bypass at the time of injury (Bypass group), and the remaining 83 patients were managed without revascuhrization (No Bypass group). Mean follow-up (39 vs 41 months; P = .27), age (25 vs 27 years; P = .66), and mechanism of injury (88% vs 92% penetrating blast; P = .56) were similar, but the No Bypass group had higher Injury Severity Scores (ISS; 16.3 vs 11.7; P < .01). Injury characteristics, including Gustilo III classification (49% vs 43%; P = .81) and nerve injury (55% vs 53%; P = 1.0), were similar. Subjects were more likely to receive tibial bypass with an increasing number of tibial vessel occlusions and documented ischemia on initial exam. However, of the 23 in the No Bypass group with initially unobtainable Doppler signals, 17 (74%) regained pedal flow following resuscitation and limb stabilization. Amputation rates were similar (23% vs 19%; P = .79), but the prevalence of chronic limb pain was lower in the Bypass group (10% vs 30%, respectively; P = .08). Cox regression analysis of amputation-free survival demonstrated an association between mangled extremity severity score >5 (hazard ratio [HR], 2.7; P = .01) and amputation. Conclusions: This report provides outcomes data for wartime tibial vascular injury, which supports a selective approach to tibial artery revascularization. Clinical factors such as ISS and degree of ischemia guide which patients are best suited for tibial vascular repair, while injury-specific characteristics are associated with amputation regardless of revascularization status. (J Vase Surg 2010;52:91-6.) C1 [Burkhardt, Gabriel E.; Clouse, W. Darrin; Porras, Chantel; Gifford, Shaun M.; Propper, Brandon W.; Rasmussen, Todd E.] San Antonio Mil Med Consortium, Dept Surg, Lackland AFB, TX USA. [Burkhardt, Gabriel E.; Clouse, W. Darrin] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Cox, Mitchell; Rasmussen, Todd E.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Williams, Ken] Genesis Concepts & Consultants, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Rasmussen, TE (reprint author), USAF, Med Ctr, San Antonio Mil Vasc Surg, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM todd.rasmussen@lackland.af.mil NR 20 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0741-5214 J9 J VASC SURG JI J. Vasc. Surg. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 52 IS 1 BP 91 EP 96 DI 10.1016/j.jvs.2010.02.017 PG 6 WC Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Surgery; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 625IP UT WOS:000279889000015 PM 20471774 ER PT J AU Regan, TD Uebelhoer, NS Satter, E Ross, EV AF Regan, Thomas D. Uebelhoer, Nathan S. Satter, Elizabeth Ross, E. Victor TI Depth of Tissue Ablation and Residual Thermal Damage Caused by a Pixilated 2,940 nm Laser in a Swine Skin Model SO LASERS IN SURGERY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Er:YAG; laser; fractional photothermolysis; ablation; 2,940 nm ID FRACTIONAL PHOTOTHERMOLYSIS; SCARS; RATES; ER AB Background/Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of fluence, pulse stacking, and multiple passes on the depth of injury caused by a fractionated Er:YAG laser in an in vivo farm pig model. Design/Material/Methods: A fractionated 2,940nm Er:YAG laser (Pixel, Alma Lasers, Caesarea, Israel) was applied to the flank skin of a Yorkshire cross pig. The 11 mm x 11 mm handpiece was comprised of either 49 or 81 microbeams (200 pm diameter), depending on the tip configuration. There were six different parameter sets divided according to total energy per pulse (150, 285, and 500 mJ) and tip type (81 or 49 microbeams per 11 mm x 11 mm macrospot). Each of these six groups was subdivided according to number of stacked pulses (1, 3, and 6) and number of passes (1, 3, and 6). This resulted in a total of 36 treatment parameters. Results: With the 49 microbeam configuration, a single pulse resulted in partial epidermal ablation at 150 mJ, complete epidermal ablation at 285 mJ and partial dermal ablation at 500 mJ to a depth of 90 pm. Stacking the pulses resulted in a significant increase in ablation with each fluence with the maximal depth of ablation measured at 140 pm after six stacked pulses at 500 mJ. Increasing the number of passes did not result in a significant increase in ablative depth, but did create a larger surface area of ablation. Residual thermal damage (RTD) was minimal and remained between 10 and 20 mu m. Conclusions: The fractionated Er:YAG laser exhibited some of the same tissue interactions as its fully ablative counterparts. An increase in fluence resulted in an increase in ablative depth with minimal RTD. Additionally, RTD was unaffected by pulse stacking or by additional passes. Differences were that pulse stacking appeared to yield a more rapid decrease in ablation efficiency and additional passes did not seem to increase the depth of ablation. Lasers Surg. Med. 42:408-411, 2010. (C) 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Regan, Thomas D.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Uebelhoer, Nathan S.; Satter, Elizabeth] USN, San Diego Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Ross, E. Victor] Scripps Clin Carmel Valley, San Diego, CA USA. RP Regan, TD (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, 2200 Bergquist Dr Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM thomas.regan2@us.army.mil NR 10 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0196-8092 J9 LASER SURG MED JI Lasers Surg. Med. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 42 IS 5 BP 408 EP 411 DI 10.1002/lsm.20929 PG 4 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 618EO UT WOS:000279334500008 PM 20583246 ER PT J AU Senkov, ON Miracle, DB AF Senkov, Oleg N. Miracle, Daniel B. TI Relaxation Behavior of Ca-Based Bulk Metallic Glasses SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Bulk Metallic Glasses held at the 2009 TMS Annual Meeting CY 2009 CL San Francisco, CA SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc ID FORMING ABILITY; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; SUPERCOOLED LIQUID; ELASTIC-MODULI; ALLOY SYSTEM; VISCOUS-FLOW; TRANSITION; VISCOSITY; FRAGILITY; KINETICS AB The relaxation behavior of Ca(60)Mg(20)Zn(20), Ca(60)Mg(20)Cu(20), Ca(65)Mg(15)Zn(20), Ca(50)Mg(20)Cu(30), and Ca(55)Mg(18)Zn(11)Cu(16) bulk metallic glasses was determined in the glass transition region using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) with heating rates from 1 to 160 K/min. The activation enthalpy of structural relaxation and the fragility index m were found to be smaller in the glassy state (onset of the glass transition) than in the supercooled liquid state (end of glass transition). The Ca-based glass-forming liquids showed strong behavior of the relaxation time, with the fragility indexes m in the range of 33 to 40. The strong liquid behavior implies sluggish kinetics of crystallization in the supercooled liquid region and explains the very good glass-forming ability (GFA) of these alloys. The critical cooling rate for amorphization R (c) of the Ca-based bulk metallic glasses was estimated to be in the range of 0.3 to 10 K/s, which is similar to R (c) values for the best Pd- and Zr-based metallic glass-forming alloys discovered so far. C1 [Senkov, Oleg N.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Miracle, Daniel B.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Senkov, ON (reprint author), UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM oleg.senkov@wpafb.af.mil RI Senkov, Oleg/C-7197-2012 OI Senkov, Oleg/0000-0001-5587-415X NR 39 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 41A IS 7 BP 1677 EP 1684 DI 10.1007/s11661-009-9981-3 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 600BQ UT WOS:000277958700013 ER PT J AU Raphael, J Wang, GY Liaw, PK Senkov, ON Miracle, DB AF Raphael, J. Wang, G. Y. Liaw, P. K. Senkov, O. N. Miracle, D. B. TI Fatigue and Fracture Behavior of a Ca-Based Bulk-Metallic Glass SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Bulk Metallic Glasses held at the 2009 TMS Annual Meeting CY 2009 CL San Francisco, CA SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc ID COMPRESSIVE BEHAVIOR; THERMAL-STABILITY; ALLOYS AB The compression and fatigue behavior of a Ca(65)Mg(15)Zn(20) bulk-metallic glass (BMG) was studied in air at room temperature. During the preparation of cubical samples of the Ca(65)Mg(15)Zn(20) for compression and fatigue investigations, small spherical cavities were found. Under both monotonic and cyclic compression loadings of the samples, fractures initiated at these cavities and propagated in a direction generally parallel to the loading axis. Finite-element analysis (FEA) was used to model the fracture behavior. The FEA of a centrally located spherical void showed that under compression loading, large tensile stresses evolved in the cavities. The orientation of the maximum principal stress (P1) was found to be normal to the direction of crack propagation, which is consistent with the experimental finding. Stresses in deeply embedded adjacent voids and those in superficial voids were also studied. The influence of the void location in the cubical sample on the fracture behavior was quantitatively discussed. C1 [Raphael, J.] Columbus McKinnon Corp, Res & Dev Grp, Damascus, VA 24236 USA. [Wang, G. Y.; Liaw, P. K.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Senkov, O. N.; Miracle, D. B.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Raphael, J (reprint author), Columbus McKinnon Corp, Res & Dev Grp, Damascus, VA 24236 USA. EM gwang@utk.edu RI Wang, Gongyao/C-4003-2011; Senkov, Oleg/C-7197-2012 OI Senkov, Oleg/0000-0001-5587-415X NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 41A IS 7 BP 1775 EP 1779 DI 10.1007/s11661-009-0024-x PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 600BQ UT WOS:000277958700026 ER PT J AU Corrigan, CM Welzenbach, LC Fries, M Mccoy, TJ Fries, J AF Corrigan, C. M. Welzenbach, L. C. Fries, M. Mccoy, T. J. Fries, J. TI THE RECENT METEORITE FALL IN LORTON, VIRGINIA, USA SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 73rd Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2010 CL New York, NY SP Meteorit Soc C1 [Corrigan, C. M.; Welzenbach, L. C.; Mccoy, T. J.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Fries, M.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Fries, J.] USAF, Weather Agcy, 1st Weather Grp, Offutt AFB, Omaha, NE 68113 USA. EM corriganc@si.edu NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 45 SU S BP A39 EP A39 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 633DC UT WOS:000280478700069 ER PT J AU Fries, MD Fries, JA AF Fries, Marc D. Fries, Jeffrey A. TI DOPPLER WEATHER RADAR OBSERVATIONS OF THE 14 APRIL 2010 SOUTHWEST WISCONSIN METEORITE FALL SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 73rd Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2010 CL New York, NY SP Meteorit Soc C1 [Fries, Marc D.] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91001 USA. [Fries, Jeffrey A.] USAF, Weather Agcy, Weather Grp 1, Omaha, NE 68113 USA. EM Marc.D.Fries@jpl.nasa.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 45 SU S BP A58 EP A58 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 633DC UT WOS:000280478700108 ER PT J AU Dickstein, BD McLean, CP Mintz, J Conoscenti, LM Steenkamp, MM Benson, TA Isler, WC Peterson, AL Litz, BT AF Dickstein, Benjamin D. McLean, Carmen P. Mintz, Jim Conoscenti, Lauren M. Steenkamp, Maria M. Benson, Trisha A. Isler, William C. Peterson, Alan L. Litz, Brett T. TI Unit Cohesion and PTSD Symptom Severity in Air Force Medical Personnel SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; HEALTH-CARE PROVIDERS; WAR-ZONE; DEPLOYMENT; STRATEGIES; PREDICTORS; EXPOSURE; SUPPORT; TRAUMA; RISK AB Research suggests that military unit cohesion may protect against the development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, equivocal findings have led researchers to hypothesize a potential curvilinear interaction between unit cohesion and warzone stress. This hypothesis states that the protective effects of cohesion increase as warzone stress exposure intensifies from low to moderate levels, but at high levels of warzone stress exposure, cohesion loses its protective effects and is potentially detrimental. To test this theory, we conducted a test for curvilinear moderation using a sample of 705 Air Force medical personnel deployed as part of Operation Iraqi Freedom. Results did not support the curvilinear interaction hypothesis, although evidence of cohesion's protective effects was found, suggesting that unit cohesion protects against PTSD regardless of level of stress exposure. C1 [Dickstein, Benjamin D.; McLean, Carmen P.; Conoscenti, Lauren M.; Steenkamp, Maria M.; Litz, Brett T.] VA Boston Healthcare Syst, Natl Ctr PTSD, Boston, MA 02130 USA. [Dickstein, Benjamin D.; Steenkamp, Maria M.; Litz, Brett T.] Boston Univ, Dept Psychol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Mintz, Jim; Benson, Trisha A.; Peterson, Alan L.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Psychiat, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Isler, William C.; Peterson, Alan L.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Dickstein, BD (reprint author), VA Boston Healthcare Syst, Natl Ctr PTSD, 150 S Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02130 USA. FU United States Air Force Surgeon General's Operational Medicine Research Program [FA7014-07-C-0036] FX This work was supported by theUnited States Air Force Surgeon General's Operational Medicine Research Program (FA7014-07-C-0036). NR 25 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 4 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 175 IS 7 BP 482 EP 486 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 624EN UT WOS:000279799200006 PM 20684451 ER PT J AU Lunasco, TK Goodwin, EA Ozanian, AJ Loflin, EM AF Lunasco, Travis K. Goodwin, Elizabeth A. Ozanian, Alfred J. Loflin, Eileen M. TI One Shot-One Kill: A Culturally Sensitive Program for the Warrior Culture SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID US-NAVY; STRESS; PERFORMANCE; MILITARY AB Despite efforts to reduce the stigma of mental health services across branches of the United States military, lasting change among this warrior culture remains an uphill battle. Difficulty affecting change can be attributed in part to stigma associated with psychological services and largely, mental health providers' difficulty tailoring traditional models of treatment to military personnel. We will discuss the development of One Shot One Kill (OSOK), a culturally sensitive mental health prevention program piloted to reduce stigma and improve help seeking behaviors among the warrior culture. Three hundred and twenty military members completed the OSOK performance enhancement and resiliency program piloted at Tallil, Iraq in 2008. Pilot data were collected to assess military members' perceptions of the training program. Results indicated positive responses demonstrating the OSOK program as a culturally sound program that could increase help seeking behaviors among military members. C1 [Lunasco, Travis K.; Goodwin, Elizabeth A.] Kadena AB, 18th Med Operat Squadron, APO, AP 96368 USA. [Ozanian, Alfred J.] 195th Med Operat Squadron, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. [Loflin, Eileen M.] 7th Med Grp, Dyess AFB, TX 79607 USA. RP Lunasco, TK (reprint author), Kadena AB, 18th Med Operat Squadron, Bldg 90, APO, AP 96368 USA. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 175 IS 7 BP 509 EP 513 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 624EN UT WOS:000279799200010 PM 20684455 ER PT J AU Wen, YH Simmons, JP Woodward, C AF Wen, Y. H. Simmons, J. P. Woodward, C. TI Local interface effects on coalescence kinetics in Ni-base alloys SO MODELLING AND SIMULATION IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID PHASE-FIELD MODEL; AL-ALLOYS; ORDERED INTERMETALLICS; GAMMA'; PRECIPITATION; EVOLUTION; SOLIDIFICATION; SHAPE AB Coalescence of precipitates is a common kinetic phenomenon. The phase-field method can simulate coalescence of precipitates without any ad hoc assumptions. However, independent of long range effects (e.g. lattice misfit) the method predicts a high coalescence rate when applied to systems with a high volume fraction of precipitates. We show that this is a result of ignoring the local phenomenon in the interface regions, which is an approximation adopted by many other simulation techniques. An improved coalescence rate is achieved by properly addressing this local phenomenon through introducing composition and phase dependence of diffusion mobility. C1 [Wen, Y. H.; Simmons, J. P.; Woodward, C.] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RXLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Wen, Y. H.] Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Wen, YH (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RXLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM youhai.wen@wpafb.af.mil FU AFRL with UES, Inc. [FA8650-04-D-5233, FA8650-04-D-5235] FX The authors appreciate the discussion with Dennis Dimiduk at the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL). YHW acknowledges the support from the AFRL through contracts nos FA8650-04-D-5233 and FA8650-04-D-5235 with UES, Inc. Computations were performed at the AFRL Distributed Shared Resource Center at ASC. NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0965-0393 EI 1361-651X J9 MODEL SIMUL MATER SC JI Model. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 18 IS 5 AR 055002 DI 10.1088/0965-0393/18/5/055002 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 613TM UT WOS:000279003900002 ER PT J AU Na, JK Blackshire, JL AF Na, Jeong K. Blackshire, James L. TI Interaction of Rayleigh surface waves with a tightly closed fatigue crack SO NDT & E INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Interdigital transducer (IDT); Rayleigh surface waves; Fatigue crack; Laser interferometry ID MICROPHONES; ULTRASOUND AB A miniature interdigital transducer (IDT) tuned to resonate at 3.1 MHz of frequency is designed, fabricated, and used to generate narrow band Rayleigh waves on aircraft grade metallic alloys. Electrodes of the IDT are precisely machined by a laser machining technique and its acoustical wave properties are characterized by using a scanning laser interferometry system with a spatial resolution of less than 10 microns. Unlike the conventional contact surface wave generation methods using wedges or combs, the biggest advantage of an IDT are its miniature physical size and its high efficiency in converting electrical signals to mechanical vibrations. Narrow band surface waves with finite amplitudes generated by an IDT are used to investigate the wave interaction with a tightly closed fatigue crack on a metallic test specimen. High-resolution images for the time-resolved ultrasonic field and time-averaged amplitude displacement are generated to understand the interaction of the wave with a surface-breaking fatigue crack. From the amplitude displacement data, three-dimensional surface contour plots of the wave energy are generated to find out how the elastic energy interacts with the tight fatigue crack interfaces. Results show that a tightly closed fatigue crack can transmit Rayleigh waves through the crack due to interfacial contact within the crack, where transmission of elastic energy was found to be more dominant towards the crack tip as expected. The sum of transmitted and reflected energy at the crack interface suggests that there is an additional energy loss mechanism which is proved experimentally by visualizing part of the incident Rayleigh wave energy propagating along the interfacial surfaces of the crack and continues its propagation along the surface of the opposite side of the test specimen. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Na, Jeong K.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Blackshire, James L.] USAF, Res Inst, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Na, JK (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM jeong-kwan.na@wpafb.af.mil FU U.S. Air Force research laboratory, Nondestructive Evaluation Branch (AFRL/RXLP), through the United States Air Force [F33615-03-05220] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Air Force research laboratory, Nondestructive Evaluation Branch (AFRL/RXLP), through the United States Air Force Contract F33615-03-05220. NR 18 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0963-8695 J9 NDT&E INT JI NDT E Int. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 43 IS 5 BP 432 EP 439 DI 10.1016/j.ndteint.2010.04.003 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 611FI UT WOS:000278796700008 ER PT J AU Klimo, P Maher, CO Smith, ER AF Klimo, Paul, Jr. Maher, Cormac O. Smith, Edward R. TI Introduction to Pediatric Vascular Neurosurgery Preface SO NEUROSURGERY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Klimo, Paul, Jr.] USAF, Med Grp 88, SGOS SGCXN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Maher, Cormac O.] Univ Michigan Hlth Syst, Dept Neurosurg, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Smith, Edward R.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Childrens Hosp Boston, Dept Neurosurg, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Klimo, P (reprint author), USAF, Med Grp 88, SGOS SGCXN, 4881 Sugar Maple Dr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM atomkpnk@yahoo.com; cmaher@med.umich.edu; Edward.Smith@childrens.harvard.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 1042-3680 J9 NEUROSURG CLIN N AM JI Neurosurg. Clin. N. Am. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 21 IS 3 BP XIII EP XIV DI 10.1016/j.nec.2010.03.014 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology; Surgery SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Surgery GA 621MT UT WOS:000279583700001 PM 20561491 ER PT J AU Niazi, TN Klimo, P Anderson, RCE Raffel, C AF Niazi, Toba N. Klimo, Paul, Jr. Anderson, Richard C. E. Raffel, Corey TI Diagnosis and Management of Arteriovenous Malformations in Children SO NEUROSURGERY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Arteriovenous malformation; Pediatric; Children; Treatment; Outcomes; Surgery; Radiosurgery; Embolization ID GAMMA-KNIFE RADIOSURGERY; TERM-FOLLOW-UP; STEREOTACTIC RADIOSURGERY; NATURAL-HISTORY; LINEAR-ACCELERATOR; OBLITERATION RATES; PEDIATRIC-PATIENTS; BRAIN; HEMORRHAGE; RISK AB Arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is the most common cause of spontaneous intraparenchymal hemorrhage in children, excluding hemorrhages of prematurity and early infancy. Because most children diagnosed with an AVM undergo initial treatment emergently, the natural history of AVMs in the pediatric population is not well understood. Most pediatric AVMs do not come to clinical attention unless they hemorrhage. Therefore, their optimal management remains controversial. Children with intracranial AVMs represent a special challenge in that they harbor unacceptable lifelong risks of hemorrhage and potential neurologic deficits. Patients should be evaluated on a case-by-case basis to determine the best multidisciplinary treatment regimen that can be used to preserve neurologic function and eradicate the AVM with the lowest risk of mortality. Successful treatment depends on the location and size of the AVM, its hemodynamic properties, the clinical condition of the patient, and the treatment modality selected. The armamentarium for AVM management has grown with technological advances and now includes microsurgical resection, endovascular embolization, radiosurgery, or any combination of these modalities. Microsurgical resection remains the gold standard for treatment of accessible pediatric AVMs, especially in cases that present with intracranial hemorrhage. Newer modalities, such as embolization and radiosurgery, have provided additional tools to help children with large or deep-seated lesions that would be deemed unresectable with microsurgical techniques alone. Long-term follow-up with repeated diagnostic imaging is important despite complete obliteration of the lesion to rule out the small possibility of AVM recurrence. C1 [Klimo, Paul, Jr.] SGOS SGCXN, Med Grp 88, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Niazi, Toba N.] Univ Utah, Primary Childrens Med Ctr, Dept Neurosurg, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Anderson, Richard C. E.] Columbia Univ Coll Phys & Surg, Dept Neurosurg, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Raffel, Corey] Nationwide Childrens Hosp, Sect Pediat Neurosurg, Columbus, OH USA. [Raffel, Corey] Ohio State Univ, Coll Med, Dept Neurol Surg, Columbus, OH 43205 USA. RP Klimo, P (reprint author), SGOS SGCXN, Med Grp 88, 4881 Sugar Maple Dr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM atomkpnk@yahoo.com NR 92 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 1042-3680 J9 NEUROSURG CLIN N AM JI Neurosurg. Clin. N. Am. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 21 IS 3 BP 443 EP + DI 10.1016/j.nec.2010.03.012 PG 16 WC Clinical Neurology; Surgery SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Surgery GA 621MT UT WOS:000279583700004 PM 20561494 ER PT J AU Sell, JF Gearba, MA Patterson, BM Genda, T Naumann, B Knize, RJ AF Sell, J. F. Gearba, M. A. Patterson, B. M. Genda, T. Naumann, B. Knize, R. J. TI Enhancement of Rb fine-structure transfer in He-4 due to three-body collisions SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EXCITATION TRANSFER; RUBIDIUM; GAS AB Using ultrafast laser excitation and time-correlated single-photon counting techniques, we have measured the collisional mixing rates between the rubidium 5(2)P fine-structure levels in the presence of He-4 gas. A nonlinear dependence of the mixing rate with He-4 density is observed. We find Rb fine-structure transfer is primarily due to binary collisions at He-4 densities of <= 10(19) cm(-3), while at greater densities, three-body collisions become significant. We determine a three-body collisional transfer rate coefficient (5(2)P(3/2) -> 5(2)P(1/2)) of 1.25(9) x 10(-32) cm(6)/s at 22 degrees C. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Sell, J. F.; Patterson, B. M.; Genda, T.; Naumann, B.; Knize, R. J.] USAF Acad, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Gearba, M. A.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Phys & Astron, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. RP Sell, JF (reprint author), USAF Acad, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM jerry.sell@usafa.edu FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (USAFOSR); National Science Foundation (NSF) [0758185] FX The authors thank K. Enomoto for providing calculations of the Rb-He interaction potentials. We gratefully acknowledge the support of this research by the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (USAFOSR) and the National Science Foundation (NSF) (grant 0758185). NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD JUL 1 PY 2010 VL 35 IS 13 BP 2146 EP 2148 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 619NC UT WOS:000279435900012 PM 20596175 ER PT J AU Gerber, RJ Wilks, T Erdie-Lalena, C AF Gerber, R. Jason Wilks, Timothy Erdie-Lalena, Christine TI Developmental Milestones: Motor Development SO PEDIATRICS IN REVIEW LA English DT Review C1 [Gerber, R. Jason; Erdie-Lalena, Christine] USAF, Med Corps, Joint Base Lewis McChord, WA USA. [Gerber, R. Jason; Wilks, Timothy; Erdie-Lalena, Christine] Madigan Army Med Ctr, Joint Base Lewis McChord, WA USA. [Wilks, Timothy] USN, Med Corps, Joint Base Lewis McChord, WA USA. RP Gerber, RJ (reprint author), USAF, Med Corps, Joint Base Lewis McChord, WA USA. NR 8 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0191-9601 J9 PEDIATR REV JI Pediatr. Rev. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 31 IS 7 BP 267 EP 277 PG 11 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 619BP UT WOS:000279403600001 PM 20595440 ER PT J AU Avrutin, V Silversmith, DJ Morkoc, H AF Avrutin, Vitaliy Silversmith, Donald J. Morkoc, Hadis TI Doping Asymmetry Problem in ZnO: Current Status and Outlook SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE LA English DT Article DE Impurities; point defects; p-type; ZnO ID P-TYPE ZNO; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; THIN-FILM TRANSISTORS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; IMPLANTED ZNO; ZINC-OXIDE; HYDROGEN PASSIVATION; DEVICE STRUCTURES; SHALLOW DONOR; BULK ZNO AB ZnO has gained considerable interest recently as a promising material for a variety of applications. To a large extent, the renewed interest in ZnO is fuelled by its wide direct band gap (3.3 eV at room temperature) and large exciton binding energy (60 meV) making this material, when alloyed with, e. g., Cd and Mg, especially attractive for light emitters in the blue/ultraviolet (UV) spectral region. Unfortunately, as with other wide-gap semiconductors, ZnO suffers from the doping asymmetry problem, in that the n-type conductivity can be obtained rather easily, but p-type doping proved to be a formidable challenge. This doping asymmetry problem (also dubbed as the p-type problem in ZnO) is preventing applications of ZnO in light-emitting diodes and potential laser diodes. In this paper, we provide a critical review of the current experimental efforts focused on achieving p-type ZnO and discuss the proposed approaches which could possibly be used to overcome the p-type problem. C1 [Avrutin, Vitaliy; Morkoc, Hadis] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. [Silversmith, Donald J.] USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Avrutin, V (reprint author), Univ Ulm, Dept Semicond Phys, Ulm, Germany. EM vavrutin@vcu.edu; donald.silversmith@afosr.af.mil; hmorkoc@vcu.edu FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX This work was supported by the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 115 TC 100 Z9 100 U1 4 U2 52 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9219 EI 1558-2256 J9 P IEEE JI Proc. IEEE PD JUL PY 2010 VL 98 IS 7 BP 1269 EP 1280 DI 10.1109/JPROC.2010.2043330 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 611JQ UT WOS:000278811800016 ER PT J AU Avrutin, V Izyumskaya, N Ozgur, U Silversmith, DJ Morkoc, H AF Avrutin, Vitaliy Izyumskaya, Natalia Ozgur, Umit Silversmith, Donald J. Morkoc, Hadis TI Ferromagnetism in ZnO- and GaN-Based Diluted Magnetic Semiconductors: Achievements and Challenges SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE LA English DT Article DE Defects; diluted magnetic oxides; diluted magnetic semiconductors (DMSs); GaN; local structure; spintronics; ZnO ID MOLECULAR-BEAM-EPITAXY; ROOM-TEMPERATURE FERROMAGNETISM; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; CO-DOPED ZNO; ION-IMPLANTED GAN; ELECTRICAL SPIN INJECTION; HIGH CURIE-TEMPERATURE; THIN-FILMS; STRUCTURAL-PROPERTIES; MAGNETOOPTICAL PROPERTIES AB Both GaN- and ZnO-based diluted semiconductors (DMSs) have recently attracted considerable interest fueled by theoretical predictions of ferromagnetic ordering in these materials above room temperature, making them especially attractive for spintronics. The intense experimental research that followed has revealed, however, a great deal of controversy. The local structure and magnetic behavior of GaN- and ZnO-based DMSs were found to depend strongly on a preparation technique and growth conditions for the materials of the same nominal composition and the reported results varied considerably from group to group. This problem highlighted clearly the lack of theoretical understanding of physical mechanisms underlying ferromagnetisms in these materials and the inadequacy of standard characterization techniques used to probe structural and magnetic properties of the DMSs. In this paper, we report on the recent progress in the theoretical and experimental studies of ZnO- and GaN-based DMSs and make special impact on critical discussion of experimental methods employed for investigation of their magnetic and optical properties. C1 [Avrutin, Vitaliy; Izyumskaya, Natalia; Ozgur, Umit; Morkoc, Hadis] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. [Silversmith, Donald J.] USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Avrutin, V (reprint author), Univ Ulm, Dept Semicond Phys, Ulm, Germany. EM vavrutin@vcu.edu; nizioumskaia@vcu.edu; uozgur@vcu.edu; donald.silversmith@afosr.af.mil; hmorkoc@vcu.edu NR 160 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 20 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9219 J9 P IEEE JI Proc. IEEE PD JUL PY 2010 VL 98 IS 7 BP 1288 EP 1301 DI 10.1109/JPROC.2010.2044966 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 611JQ UT WOS:000278811800018 ER PT J AU Avrutin, V Silversmith, DJ Mori, Y Kawamura, F Kitaoka, Y Morkoc, H AF Avrutin, Vitaliy Silversmith, Donald J. Mori, Yusuke Kawamura, F. Kitaoka, Y. Morkoc, Hadis TI Growth of Bulk GaN and AlN: Progress and Challenges SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE LA English DT Article DE Ammonothermal method; GaN; GaN bulk crystals; high-pressure GaN growth; Na flux GaN ID NA FLUX METHOD; SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; HIGH-PRESSURE CRYSTALLIZATION; GALLIUM-NITRIDE; SEEDED GROWTH; SUPERCRITICAL AMMONIA; AMMONOTHERMAL GROWTH; NITROGEN DISSOLUTION; DEVICE FABRICATION; BUFFER LAYER AB GaN-based optoelectronic and electronic devices such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs), laser, and heterojunction field-effect transistors (HFETs) typically use material grown on foreign substrates such as sapphire, Si, and SiC. However, thermal and lattice mismatch present prevent attainment of quality films deemed necessary by ever increasing demand on device performance. In fact in LEDs intended for solid state lighting, internal quantum efficiencies near 100% might be needed, and further these high efficiencies would have to be retained at very high injection current levels. On the electronic device side, high radio-frequency (RF) power, particularly high-power switching devices, push the material to its limits. Consequently, as has been the case for other successful semiconductor materials systems, native substrates must be developed for the GaN family. In this paper, various approaches such as high-pressure nitrogen solution (HPNS), ammonothermal, and Na flux methods, and an intermediary technique called the hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE; to a lesser extent as there is a review devoted to this technique in this issue) along with their strengths and challenges are discussed. C1 [Avrutin, Vitaliy; Morkoc, Hadis] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. [Silversmith, Donald J.] USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Mori, Yusuke; Kawamura, F.; Kitaoka, Y.] Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Elect Engn, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. RP Avrutin, V (reprint author), Univ Ulm, Dept Semicond Phys, Ulm, Germany. EM donald.silversmith@afosr.af.mil; mori.yusuke@eei.eng.osaka-u.ac.jp; hmorkoc@vcu.edu RI Mori, Yusuke/C-3302-2014 NR 67 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 8 U2 70 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9219 EI 1558-2256 J9 P IEEE JI Proc. IEEE PD JUL PY 2010 VL 98 IS 7 BP 1302 EP 1315 DI 10.1109/JPROC.2010.2044967 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 611JQ UT WOS:000278811800019 ER PT J AU Avrutin, V Cantwell, G Zhang, JZ Song, JJ Silversmith, DJ Morkoc, H AF Avrutin, Vitaliy Cantwell, Gene Zhang, Jizhi Song, J. J. Silversmith, Donald J. Morkoc, Hadis TI Bulk ZnO: Current Status, Challenges, and Prospects SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE LA English DT Article DE Bridgman method; hydrothermal method; single crystals; vapor transport; zinc oxide ID OXIDE SINGLE-CRYSTALS; HYDROTHERMAL GROWTH; ZINC-OXIDE; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; POSITRON-ANNIHILATION; MECHANISM; MELT; TRANSPORT AB Rediscovered in the last decade, zinc oxide (ZnO) shows a great potential for many optoelectronics and to some extent microelectronics applications. However, a clear majority of effort expended in this fast developing field has been limited to heteroepitaxial structures grown on foreign substrates with lattice-parameter and thermal-expansion mismatch with ZnO which is detrimental. Recognizing the importance, the effort has shifted to include developing technologies capable of producing freestanding ZnO wafers in large-scale for ZnO based device applications, which is the subject matter of this manuscript. Three competing approaches-hydrothermal method, melt growth (modifications of the well known Bridgman technique), and seeded vapor transport growth- have now reached or are approaching commercial viability. In this article, we discuss the progress, outstanding problems, and prospects of these growth methods employed for commercial manufacturing of ZnO wafers. C1 [Avrutin, Vitaliy; Morkoc, Hadis] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. [Cantwell, Gene; Zhang, Jizhi; Song, J. J.] ZN Technol Inc, Brea, CA 92821 USA. [Song, J. J.] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Silversmith, Donald J.] USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Avrutin, V (reprint author), Univ Ulm, Dept Semicond Phys, Ulm, Germany. EM vavrutin@vcu.edu; gcantwell@znt.us; jzhang@znt.us; jjsong@znt.us; donald.silversmith@afosr.af.mil; hmorkoc@vcu.edu NR 53 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 22 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9219 J9 P IEEE JI Proc. IEEE PD JUL PY 2010 VL 98 IS 7 BP 1339 EP 1350 DI 10.1109/JPROC.2010.2040363 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 611JQ UT WOS:000278811800022 ER PT J AU Magee, B Samuelian, J Haines, K Chappel, M Penn, I Chin, D Anders, D Hinz, J AF Magee, Brian Samuelian, John Haines, Kevin Chappel, Mark Penn, Ian Chin, Diana Anders, Doris Hinz, John TI Screening-level population risk assessment of nasal tumors in the US due to naphthalene exposure SO REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Naphthalene; Exposure; Cancer; Nasal tumor; Neuroblastoma; Unit Risk Factor; Risk assessment ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO-SMOKE; GAS-PHASE ORGANICS; EMISSION FACTORS; COMBUSTION; WOOD; EPIDEMIOLOGY; KEROSENE AB Several naphthalene Unit Risk Factors (URFs) were proposed by the US Environmental Protection Agency in 2004 using data on the development of olfactory epithelial neuroblastomas and nasal respiratory epithelial adenomas in rats, but these URFs may be inappropriate and unnecessarily conservative for estimating human cancer risks. The purpose of the present exercise was to perform a screening-level population risk assessment of the US population to compare the observed number of naphthalene-induced nasal tumors in the US to the number that would be predicted if the URFs for naphthalene were as proposed. Nine scenarios were evaluated to represent the range of exposures individuals have typically experienced. Results indicate that the total predicted burden of naphthalene-induced nasal tumors per year in the US (65,905 rare nasal tumors, of which 29,121 are olfactory epithelial neuroblastomas) is much greater than the number of these tumors actually observed per year (910 total nasal tumors, of which 66 are olfactory neuroblastomas) over the period 1973-2006. This suggests that using rat nasal tumor data to derive a naphthalene URF for humans should be re-evaluated. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Magee, Brian; Chin, Diana] ARCADIS, Chelmsford, MA USA. [Samuelian, John] AMEC Earth & Environm, Portland, ME USA. [Haines, Kevin] AMEC Earth & Environm, Burnaby, BC, Canada. [Chappel, Mark] AMEC Earth & Environm, Cambridge, ON, Canada. [Penn, Ian] AMEC Earth & Environm, Westford, MA USA. [Anders, Doris] USAF, Altus AFB, OK USA. [Hinz, John] USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Brooks City Base, TX USA. RP Magee, B (reprint author), 2 Execut Dr,Suite 303, Chelmsford, MA 01824 USA. EM brian.magee@arcadis-us.com FU Naphthalene Coalition; ExxonMobil Biomedical Sciences, Inc.; US Air Force; US Air Force Center for Engineering and the Environment FX We gratefully acknowledge support and editorial suggestions from Dr. Anne LeHuray (Naphthalene Coalition), Dr. R. Jeffery Lewis (ExxonMobil Biomedical Sciences, Inc.), LtCol Stephanie McCormack-Brown (US Air Force), LtCol Wade Weisman (US Air Force), and Mr. G. Cornell Long (US Air Force Center for Engineering and the Environment). NR 79 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0273-2300 J9 REGUL TOXICOL PHARM JI Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2010 VL 57 IS 2-3 BP 168 EP 180 DI 10.1016/j.yrtph.2010.02.004 PG 13 WC Medicine, Legal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Legal Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 610YP UT WOS:000278777300005 PM 20156512 ER PT J AU Ungar, T Ribarik, G Balogh, L Salem, AA Semiatin, SL Vaughan, GBM AF Ungar, Tamas Ribarik, Gabor Balogh, Levente Salem, Ayman A. Semiatin, S. Lee Vaughan, Gavin B. M. TI Burgers vector population, dislocation types and dislocation densities in single grains extracted from a polycrystalline commercial-purity Ti specimen by X-ray line-profile analysis SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Line broadening; Single grain diffraction; Dislocation types; Burgers vector analysis ID PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; STRESS-STATE; HCP METALS; DIFFRACTION; SLIP; TITANIUM; ALLOYS AB Burgers vector populations, dislocation types and dislocation densities are determined within individual grains of a polycrystalline commercial-purity titanium specimen by extending prior method of differentiating individual grains in a polycrystalline sample. The procedure has been tested at the focused X-ray beamline ID11 at the European Synchrotron Research Facility in Grenoble, France. The results provided by the method can be used as input for different crystal-plasticity calculations and for the experimental verification of numerical simulations. (C) 2010 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ungar, Tamas; Ribarik, Gabor; Balogh, Levente] Eotvos Univ Budapest, Dept Mat Phys, H-1518 Budapest, Hungary. [Salem, Ayman A.; Semiatin, S. Lee] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Vaughan, Gavin B. M.] European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. RP Ungar, T (reprint author), Eotvos Univ Budapest, Dept Mat Phys, POB 32, H-1518 Budapest, Hungary. EM ungar@ludens.elte.hu RI Ribarik, Gabor/A-9213-2012; Balogh, Levente/S-1238-2016; SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017; OI Salem, Ayman/0000-0003-0907-1502 FU Hungarian National Science Foundation [OTKA T-71594, T-67692] FX Supported by the Hungarian National Science Foundation, OTKA T-71594 & T-67692. We thank the ESRF for allocation of beam time under the user program. NR 22 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 27 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 63 IS 1 BP 69 EP 72 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2010.03.016 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 599GK UT WOS:000277898900019 ER PT J AU Mao, JD Palazzo, AJ Olk, DC Clapp, CE Senesi, N Bashore, TL Cao, XY AF Mao, Jingdong Palazzo, Antonio J. Olk, Dan C. Clapp, C. Edward Senesi, Nicola Bashore, Terry L. Cao, Xiaoyan TI Chemical Structure of Soil Organic Matter in Slickspots as Investigated by Advanced Solid-State NMR SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Humic acids; nuclear magnetic resonance; chemical structure; slickspot soils; soil layers ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; C-13 NMR; ACID PROPERTIES; SPECTROSCOPY; MINERALIZATION; QUANTITATION; CONTAMINANT; FRACTIONS; SELECTION AB Slickspot soils are saline, and knowledge of their humic chemistry would contribute to our limited understanding how salinity affects soil C and N stocks. We characterized humic acids (HA) from slickspot soils with solid-state (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Expanding on previous use of cross polarization/ magic angle spinning (CP/MAS) NMR, we used direct polarization (DP) and yet more advanced spectral editing techniques to identify specific functional groups, detect the connectivities of different functional groups, and selectively observe fused ring carbons. A series of soil HA was extracted from soil layers having different physical properties: silt texture, vesicular structure, and clay texture. They were compared with HA from corresponding depths in soils adjacent to the slickspots. All HA consisted of five main structural components: aliphatic chains, peptides, sugar rings, lignin residues, and aromatics/olefinics. For all soils, except one outside slickspots, the HA from the vesicular and clay layers contained less nonpolar alkyls and more aromatics than those from surface silt layers, but their spectral proportions differed when the (13)C NMR was performed using CP/MAS instead of DP. Humic acids from the surface layers inside the slickspots had lower aromaticity than those from outside the slickspots. Advanced spectral editing techniques allowed for the selection of non-protonated carbons and mobile groups, alkyls, CH, and CH(2) groups, which would otherwise be buried in the heavily overlapped spectrum. They provided more structural information than was obtained by routine (13)C CP/MAS or DP. C1 [Mao, Jingdong; Cao, Xiaoyan] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Palazzo, Antonio J.] USACOE, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH USA. [Olk, Dan C.] ARS, USDA, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA USA. [Clapp, C. Edward] Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Clapp, C. Edward] ARS, USDA, St Paul, MN USA. [Senesi, Nicola] Univ Bari, Dipartimento Biol & Chim Agroforestale & Ambienta, Bari, Italy. [Bashore, Terry L.] HQ Air Combat Command, Airspace Ranges & Air Field Operat Div, Langley AFB, VA USA. RP Mao, JD (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. EM jmao@odu.edu RI Cao, Xiaoyan/E-3492-2012 OI Cao, Xiaoyan/0000-0001-7571-6482 FU National Science Foundation [EAR-0843996, CBET-0853950]; Thomas F. Jeffress and Kate Miller Jeffress Memorial Trust; Airspace, Ranges, and Airfield Operations Division, HQ Air Combat Command, Langley AFB, VA FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (EAR-0843996 and CBET-0853950), the Thomas F. Jeffress and Kate Miller Jeffress Memorial Trust, and by the Airspace, Ranges, and Airfield Operations Division, HQ Air Combat Command, Langley AFB, VA. The opinions and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the U.S. Air Force, U.S. Army, or the federal government. The authors also thank Prof. Klaus Schmidt-Rohr for his kind support. NR 47 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 26 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 175 IS 7 BP 329 EP 338 DI 10.1097/SS.0b013e3181e93d23 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 622CR UT WOS:000279637000003 ER PT J AU Adedeji, AV Ahyi, AC Williams, JR Mohney, SE Scofield, JD AF Adedeji, Adetayo V. Ahyi, Ayayi C. Williams, John R. Mohney, Suzanne E. Scofield, James D. TI Ambient temperature characteristics of Schottky contacts on 4H-SiC aged in air at 350 degrees C SO SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE Contact metallization; Harsh environment microelectronics; Schottky contact characteristics; Elevated temperature AB A metallization scheme suitable to explore the capability of 4H-SiC for high temperature applications was designed and fabricated on Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs). The device electrical characteristics measured at room temperature were monitored over 1500 h cumulative annealing in air at 350 degrees C. Schottky barrier device parameters were stable over the annealing period. Good and stable adhesion properties of the protective metallization stack on SIC and on SiO2 were reported as a function of duration of annealing as well. It was observed that platinum layer that was sputter-deposited at 250 degrees C as part of the metallization stack improved the adhesion properties of the metallization remarkably. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Adedeji, Adetayo V.] Elizabeth City State Univ, Dept Chem Geol & Phys, Elizabeth City, NC 27909 USA. [Ahyi, Ayayi C.; Williams, John R.] Auburn Univ, Dept Phys, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Mohney, Suzanne E.] Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Scofield, James D.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Adedeji, AV (reprint author), Elizabeth City State Univ, Dept Chem Geol & Phys, Elizabeth City, NC 27909 USA. EM avadedeji@mail.ecsu.edu FU US Air Force [F33615-01-C-2188] FX This work was supported by the US Air Force Contract No. F33615-01-C-2188 at Auburn University. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1101 EI 1879-2405 J9 SOLID STATE ELECTRON JI Solid-State Electron. PD JUL PY 2010 VL 54 IS 7 BP 736 EP 740 DI 10.1016/j.sse.2010.03.010 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 603KL UT WOS:000278207400013 ER PT J AU Burke, WJ Gentile, LC Hagan, MP AF Burke, W. J. Gentile, L. C. Hagan, M. P. TI Thermospheric heating by high-speed streams in the solar wind SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSPOLAR POTENTIAL SATURATION; POLAR-CAP POTENTIALS; HILL MODEL; DENSITIES; EXPLORER; MAGNETOSPHERE; MAGNETOPAUSE; CURRENTS; FIELDS; FLOW AB We compare thermospheric density (rho) and exospheric temperature (T-infinity) responses measured by the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites with systematic characteristics of recurring high-speed streams (HSSs) in the solar wind observed by the Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) at L-1 during the last four solar rotations of 2005. HSSs show remarkably similar features from one solar rotation to the next. Within corotating interaction regions (CIRs) at the leading edges of the HSSs plasma densities and magnetic fields steepen to excite low levels of geomagnetic and thermospheric activity. Consistent with origins in northern hemispheric coronal holes containing open, monopolar flux, interplanetary magnetic fields observed near L-1 had average B-X and B-Z with the same polarities and opposite to that of B-Y. We show that a model used to estimate T-infinity changes during large magnetic storms overpredicts CIR-driven thermospheric heating. However, large-amplitude Alfven waves in the interiors of HSSs generate regularly observed increases in T-infinity as well as the auroral electrojet index. The regularity of interplanetary driving and thermospheric responses suggests the possibility of developing reliable 27-day alerts about impending increases in thermospheric drag exerted on objects in low Earth orbits during solar minimum. C1 [Burke, W. J.; Gentile, L. C.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Burke, W. J.; Hagan, M. P.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. RP Burke, WJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM afrl.rv.pa@hanscom.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Task 2301IV; AF with Boston College [FA8718-04-C-0055, FA8718-08-C-0012] FX Support for this work was provided by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Task 2301IV, and AF contracts FA8718-04-C-0055 and FA8718-08-C-0012 with Boston College. EIT images were obtained from the SoHO Web site http://www.lmsal.com/solarsoft/latest_events_archive.html. The authors are grateful to B. Tapley and M. K. Chen of the University of Texas for providing the 2005 GRACE data. NR 44 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUN 29 PY 2010 VL 115 AR A06318 DI 10.1029/2009JA014585 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 620UU UT WOS:000279526800002 ER PT J AU Jansen, R Wysong, I Gimelshein, S Zeifman, M Buck, U AF Jansen, Ryan Wysong, Ingrid Gimelshein, Sergey Zeifman, Michael Buck, Udo TI Nonequilibrium numerical model of homogeneous condensation in argon and water vapor expansions SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MONTE-CARLO METHOD; FREE-JET EXPANSIONS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; LASER-ABLATION PLUME; NUCLEATION RATE; SCATTERING ANALYSIS; CLUSTER FORMATION; GROWTH; TRANSITION; FRAGMENTATION AB A computational approach capable of modeling homogeneous condensation in nonequilibrium environments is presented. The approach is based on the direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method, extended as appropriate to include the most important processes of cluster nucleation and evolution at the microscopic level. The approach uses a recombination-reaction energy-dependent mechanism of the DSMC method for the characterization of dimer formation, and the RRK model for the cluster evaporation. Three-step testing and validation of the model is conducted by (i) comparison of clusterization rates in an equilibrium heat bath with theoretical predictions for argon and water vapor and adjustment of the model parameters, (ii) comparison of the nonequilibrium argon cluster size distributions with experimental data, and (iii) comparison of the nonequilibrium water cluster size distributions with experimental measurements. Reasonable agreement was observed for all three parts of the validation. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3447379] C1 [Jansen, Ryan] Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Wysong, Ingrid] USAF, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. [Gimelshein, Sergey] ERC Inc, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. [Zeifman, Michael] Luminad Technol, Sharon, MA 02067 USA. [Buck, Udo] Max Planck Inst Dynam & Selbstorg, D-37073 Gottingen, Germany. RP Jansen, R (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM gimelshe@usc.edu RI Wysong, Ingrid/E-6592-2011 OI Wysong, Ingrid/0000-0003-0591-6862 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The authors are extremely thankful to Dr. Matthew Braunstein for his help with water binding energy analysis and Dr. Y. Scribano for providing additional data for water dimer equilibrium constant and heat capacity. The work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 80 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 4 U2 32 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 28 PY 2010 VL 132 IS 24 AR 244105 DI 10.1063/1.3447379 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 623LC UT WOS:000279740200010 PM 20590179 ER PT J AU Jacobs, JD Arlen, MJ Wang, DH Ounaies, Z Berry, R Tan, LS Garrett, PH Vaia, RA AF Jacobs, J. David Arlen, Mike J. Wang, David H. Ounaies, Zoubeida Berry, Rajiv Tan, Loon-Seng Garrett, Patrick H. Vaia, Richard A. TI Dielectric characteristics of polyimide CP2 SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE Impedance spectroscopy; Polyimide; Dielectric properties ID RELAXATION; NANOCOMPOSITES; COMPOSITES; FRAGILITY; DYNAMICS; LIQUIDS; SYSTEMS; CURE AB High-performance aerospace-grade polyimides such as CP2 fulfill many important roles in a wide range of applications. A thorough understanding of the polymer matrix's physiochemical properties is an important consideration when developing polymer nanocomposite materials. In this work, we report the dielectric properties of polyimide CP2 including the primary and two secondary dipole relaxations, and their thermal characteristics by way of temperature variable impedance spectroscopy (10(-2) to 10(6) Hz, -40 to 225 degrees C). Special emphasis has been placed on detailing the characteristic phenomena near CP2's glass transition (199 degrees C). The consequences of residual DMAc solvent on CP2's overall loss and relaxation characteristics are also discussed. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Jacobs, J. David; Arlen, Mike J.; Wang, David H.; Berry, Rajiv; Tan, Loon-Seng; Vaia, Richard A.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Nanostruct & Biol Mat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Jacobs, J. David] Univ Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Arlen, Mike J.] Univ Akron, Dept Polymers Sci & Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Wang, David H.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Ounaies, Zoubeida] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Garrett, Patrick H.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Elect Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Vaia, RA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Nanostruct & Biol Mat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM richard.vaia@wpafb.af.mil RI Wang, David/F-7492-2013; Tan, Loon-Seng/F-6985-2012 OI Wang, David/0000-0001-6710-7265; Tan, Loon-Seng/0000-0002-2134-9290 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Air Force Research Laboratory; Materials and Manufacturing Directorate FX The authors thank Marlene Houtz for help with DSC and TMA, and Dr. Peter Mirau for performing the NMR measurements. The Air Force Office of Scientific Research, the Air Force Research Laboratory, and the Materials and Manufacturing Directorate provided financial support. NR 46 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD JUN 24 PY 2010 VL 51 IS 14 BP 3139 EP 3146 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2010.04.072 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 616AZ UT WOS:000279181400027 ER PT J AU Liu, XJ Lv, SH Pan, E Meng, J Albrecht, JD AF Liu, X. J. Lv, S. H. Pan, E. Meng, J. Albrecht, J. D. TI First-principles study of crystal structural stability and electronic and magnetic properties in LaMn7O12 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID SITE-ORDERED PEROVSKITES; CHARGE-TRANSFER; WAVE METHOD; TRANSITION; INSULATORS; EXCHANGE; SPECTRA; KCRF3 AB The crystal structure, electronic and magnetic properties of LaMn7O12 ((LaMn3+3) AMn(4)(3+)O(12)) are investigated by GGA (LSDA) and GGA + U (LSDA + U) (0.0 <= U <= 5.0 eV) methods. Based on two experimentally refined structures (distinguished by the distortion parameter Delta, namely S-I (Delta = 8.5 x 10(-5)) and S-II (Delta = 25.0 x 10(-4))), GGA and GGA + U with U < 3.0 eV calculations indicate that S-I with a small distortion is the lowest-energy crystal structure while GGA + U with 3.0 <= U <= 5.0 eV calculations show that S-II with a larger distortion is the ground-state crystal structure. Within the LSDA method, S-II is always the ground-state structure no matter if U is considered or not. There are two independent magnetic sublattices: Mn3+ within the A site and Mn3+ within the B site. First, it is predicted that A-site Mn3+ ions are preferably AFM-coupled in G-type (antiferromagnetically coupled in three directions). Based on this result, four magnetic configurations (FM-A(up arrow up arrow)B(up arrow up arrow), AFM1-A(up arrow up arrow)B(down arrow down arrow), AFM2-A(up arrow down arrow)B(up arrow up arrow) and AFM3-A(up arrow down arrow)B(up arrow down arrow)) are designed, and their total energies are calculated. Our results demonstrate that AFM2 and AFM3 are the lowest magnetic state, respectively, for S-I and S-II. Correspondingly, LaMn7O12 is metallic with no orbital ordering at AFM2 for S-I while it is an insulator with orbital ordering at AFM3 for S-II. Thus, modulation of the distortion parameter Delta, e.g. by chemical doping, could be employed as a new avenue to induce a magnetic phase transition and the corresponding metal-to-insulator transition in LaMn7O12. C1 [Liu, X. J.; Pan, E.] Univ Akron, Coll Engn, Comp Modeling & Simulat Grp, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Liu, X. J.; Lv, S. H.; Meng, J.] Chinese Acad Sci, Changchun Inst Appl Chem, State Key Lab Rare Earth Resources Utilizat, Changchun 130022, Jilin, Peoples R China. [Lv, S. H.] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Sch, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China. [Albrecht, J. D.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pan, E (reprint author), Univ Akron, Coll Engn, Comp Modeling & Simulat Grp, 302 Buchtel Common, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM pan2@uakron.edu; jmeng@ciac.jl.cn RI Pan, Ernian/F-4504-2011; Lv, Shuhui/O-1231-2013 OI Pan, Ernian/0000-0001-6640-7805; FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [20831004, 20671088, 20601026]; AFOSR [FA9550-06-1-0317] FX This work was partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China through grant nos. 20831004, 20671088 and 20601026, and by AFOSR FA9550-06-1-0317. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 19 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD JUN 23 PY 2010 VL 22 IS 24 AR 246001 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/22/24/246001 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 726AI UT WOS:000287687800011 PM 21393792 ER PT J AU Uberna, R Bratcher, A Alley, TG Sanchez, AD Flores, AS Pulford, B AF Uberna, Radoslaw Bratcher, Andrew Alley, Thomas G. Sanchez, Anthony D. Flores, Angel S. Pulford, Benjamin TI Coherent combination of high power fiber amplifiers in a two-dimensional re-imaging waveguide SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID BEAM COMBINATION; ARRAY AB Four actively phase-locked beams produced by fiber amplifiers in a master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) configuration were coherently combined in a glass capillary re-imaging waveguide producing more than 100 W of coherent output with 80% combining efficiency and excellent beam quality. The beam combiner components maintained a temperature below 30 degrees C with no external cooling at >100 W of combined power. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Uberna, Radoslaw; Bratcher, Andrew; Alley, Thomas G.] Lockheed Martin Coherent Technol Sensing & Explor, Louisville, CO 80027 USA. [Sanchez, Anthony D.; Flores, Angel S.; Pulford, Benjamin] USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Uberna, R (reprint author), Lockheed Martin Coherent Technol Sensing & Explor, 135 S Taylor Ave, Louisville, CO 80027 USA. EM radek.uberna@lmco.com FU High Energy Laser Joint Technology Office (HEL-JTO) FX This effort was funded by the High Energy Laser Joint Technology Office (HEL-JTO). NR 14 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD JUN 21 PY 2010 VL 18 IS 13 BP 13547 EP 13553 DI 10.1364/OE.18.013547 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 613VG UT WOS:000279009900027 PM 20588486 ER PT J AU Hwang, JY Singh, ARP Chaudhari, M Tiley, J Zhu, YT Du, JC Banerjee, R AF Hwang, Jun Y. Singh, Antariksh R. P. Chaudhari, Mrunalkumar Tiley, Jaimie Zhu, Yuntian Du, Jincheng Banerjee, Rajarshi TI Templated Growth of Hexagonal Nickel Carbide Nanocrystals on Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotubes SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; ARRAYS; TRANSITION AB Nanocrystals of hexagonal nickel carbide have been synthesized via physical vapor deposition of elemental nickel onto the surface of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes. Combining high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) with three-dimensional atom probe tomography (3DAP) confirmed that these nanocrystals have a hexagonal structure, are enriched in carbon, and have a composition of similar to Ni 25 at. % C (Ni(3)C). This metastable hexagonal nickel carbide phase appears to be stabilized due to the growth of the nanocrystals on the surface of the nanotubes that act as a template and also as a source of carbon. The stability of this nickel carbide phase has also been investigated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations and compared to the experimental results. C1 [Hwang, Jun Y.; Singh, Antariksh R. P.; Chaudhari, Mrunalkumar; Du, Jincheng; Banerjee, Rajarshi] Univ N Texas, Ctr Adv Res & Technol, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Hwang, Jun Y.; Singh, Antariksh R. P.; Chaudhari, Mrunalkumar; Du, Jincheng; Banerjee, Rajarshi] Univ N Texas, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Tiley, Jaimie] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Zhu, Yuntian] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Banerjee, R (reprint author), Univ N Texas, Ctr Adv Res & Technol, Denton, TX 76203 USA. EM Rajarshi.Banerjee@unt.edu RI Zhu, Yuntian/B-3021-2008; Du, Jincheng/A-8052-2011 OI Zhu, Yuntian/0000-0002-5961-7422; FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL ISES) [FA8650-08-C-5226]; U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [FA9550-06-1-0193] FX This work was financially supported by the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL ISES Contract No. FA8650-08-C-5226) and the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR Grant No. FA9550-06-1-0193). The authors also gratefully acknowledge the Center for Advanced Research and Technology (CART) at the University of North Texas. NR 23 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD JUN 17 PY 2010 VL 114 IS 23 BP 10424 EP 10429 DI 10.1021/jp102571g PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 607DT UT WOS:000278479700016 ER PT J AU Miller, ES Makela, JJ Groves, KM Kelley, MC Tsunoda, RT AF Miller, E. S. Makela, J. J. Groves, K. M. Kelley, M. C. Tsunoda, R. T. TI Coordinated study of coherent radar backscatter and optical airglow depletions in the central Pacific SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EQUATORIAL SPREAD-F; PLASMA BUBBLES; SOLAR-CYCLE; REGION; IRREGULARITIES; FIELD; IONOSPHERE; GENERATION; HALEAKALA; HAWAII AB Equatorial plasma depletions have well-known seasonality and solar-cycle behavior. Except for a few well-instrumented sectors, much of these data have come from satellite sounding and in situ observations. We present a climatology of optical airglow images and 50 MHz coherent backscatter from the Pacific sector from solar maximum (January 2002) to solar minimum (January 2009). In contrast to in situ observations, we find that depletion activity remains quite high into solar minimum. However, the depletions and associated backscatter appear later in the evening and backscatter persists longer at solar minimum. Furthermore, we present individual nights that illustrate the day-to- day variability of depletion formation and their relationship to coherent backscatter echoes. The echoes originate from the depleted regions early in the evening but disappear as the night progresses. C1 [Miller, E. S.; Makela, J. J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Groves, K. M.] USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Kelley, M. C.] Cornell Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Tsunoda, R. T.] SRI Int, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Miller, ES (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, 11100 Johns Hopkins Rd,MP3-W189, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. EM Ethan.Miller@jhuapl.edu; jmakela@illinois.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-05-0160494]; Air Force Research Laboratory; Office of Naval Research [N00014-08-1-1136] FX Airglow observations on Mount Haleakala are supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under contract FA9550-05-0160494 to Cornell University. Christmas Island radar is operated with support from the Air Force Research Laboratory. The authors are grateful to Warner Ecklund for providing access to the radar data. Work at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign was supported by the Office of Naval Research under contract N00014-08-1-1136. NR 37 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUN 16 PY 2010 VL 115 AR A06307 DI 10.1029/2009JA014946 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 613PQ UT WOS:000278991800005 ER PT J AU Crownover, B Sleuwen, L Carls, C Ketterman, B AF Crownover, Brian Sleuwen, Leslie Carls, Clara Ketterman, Beth TI Diagnosing Von Willebrand Disease SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Editorial Material ID CENTER DOCTORS ORGANIZATION; MANAGEMENT; GUIDELINE C1 [Crownover, Brian] Nellis AFB Family Med Residency, Nellis AFB, NV USA. [Sleuwen, Leslie; Carls, Clara] Hinsdale Family Med Residency, Hinsdale, IL USA. [Ketterman, Beth] E Carolina Univ, Greenville, NC USA. RP Crownover, B (reprint author), Nellis AFB Family Med Residency, Nellis AFB, NV USA. EM bkcrown@hotmail.com NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 USA SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD JUN 15 PY 2010 VL 81 IS 12 BP 1415 EP + PG 2 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 612EC UT WOS:000278878600003 PM 20540477 ER PT J AU Ongstad, AP Dente, GC Tilton, ML Chavez, JR Kaspi, R Gianardi, DM AF Ongstad, A. P. Dente, G. C. Tilton, M. L. Chavez, J. R. Kaspi, R. Gianardi, D. M. TI High brightness from unstable resonator mid-IR semiconductor lasers SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-POWER; OPTICAL RESONATORS AB We compare the performance of several optically pumped unstable resonator semiconductor lasers with cavity lengths of 4, 5, and 6 mm and operating in the mid-IR at 4.7 mu m. The unstable resonator lasers (URLs) were fabricated by polishing a diverging cylindrical mirror on one of the facets. In general, the URL beam quality (BQ) was 1-2 times diffraction limited when operated at pump powers below 30 W (URL power <= 6 W) As the pump power is increased, the BQ is observed to degrade; at 60 W the URL's were similar to 3.5 times diffraction limited (URL power approximate to 11 W). The highest brightness URL, a 4-mm long device, was compared with an equivalent 4-mm long Fabry-Perot (FP) laser operated at different cavity widths. The performance of the broad area URL (500 mu m width), as assessed by power-in-the-bucket measurements, was superior to both wide stripe (500 mu m) and narrow pump stripe (100 mu m) FP lasers. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3435208] C1 [Ongstad, A. P.; Dente, G. C.; Tilton, M. L.; Chavez, J. R.; Kaspi, R.; Gianardi, D. M.] USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate AFRL RDLAS, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Ongstad, AP (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate AFRL RDLAS, 3550 Aberdeen Ave, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM Andrew.ongstad@Kirtland.af.mil NR 12 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 15 PY 2010 VL 107 IS 12 AR 123113 DI 10.1063/1.3435208 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 626UX UT WOS:000279993900014 ER PT J AU Roddy, PA Hunton, DE Ballenthin, JO Groves, KM AF Roddy, P. A. Hunton, D. E. Ballenthin, J. O. Groves, K. M. TI Correlation of in situ measurements of plasma irregularities with ground-based scintillation observations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EQUATORIAL; REGION AB We present here the first comparison of in situ ion density fluctuations measured by the Planar Langmuir Probe on Communication\Navigation Outage Forecasting System (C/NOFS) with coincident ground-based measurements of scintillation from the Scintillation Decision Aid (SCINDA) network and coherent scatter radar located on Christmas Island (3 degrees N, 157 degrees W) over a 15 month period from May 2008 through June 2009. The Planar Langmuir Probe on C/NOFS measures absolute ion densities from 10 to 10(8) cm(-3) at a rate up to 1024 Hz. The instrument is conceptually similar to ion traps and retarding potential analyzers that have flown on many past satellite and rocket missions. However, the present design includes advances in electronic capability compared with past designs. Initial results from this study show that in situ density fluctuations observed on magnetic flux tubes that pass over Christmas Island can be used as an indicator of ionospheric radio wave scintillation at that site. This is true even when the measurements are made at horizontal ranges of over 1000 km away from the ground site as long as the field line apex altitudes are less than similar to 600 km. C1 [Roddy, P. A.; Hunton, D. E.; Ballenthin, J. O.; Groves, K. M.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Roddy, PA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM roddy.patrick@yahoo.com FU Air Force Research Laboratory; Department of Defense; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); Naval Research Laboratory; Aerospace Corporation FX The C/NOFS mission is supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory, the Department of Defense Space Test Program, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the Naval Research Laboratory, and the Aerospace Corporation. The authors would like to thank Nelson Bonito of AER for making C/NOFS support data available, Paul Holladay of AFRL for PLP commanding and mission support, Dave Hysell of Cornell, Rod Heelis of UTD, and Rob Pfaff of NASA for making data available for use in the PLP calibration, John Machuzak for assistance in instrument calibration and Dwight Decker for suggestions on the data analysis. NR 7 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUN 15 PY 2010 VL 115 AR A06303 DI 10.1029/2010JA015288 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 613PP UT WOS:000278991700003 ER PT J AU Chen, Z Yang, A Mahalingam, K Averett, KL Gao, J Brown, GJ Vittoria, C Harris, VG AF Chen, Z. Yang, A. Mahalingam, K. Averett, K. L. Gao, J. Brown, G. J. Vittoria, C. Harris, V. G. TI Structure, magnetic, and microwave properties of thick Ba-hexaferrite films epitaxially grown on GaN/Al2O3 substrates SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE barium compounds; epitaxial growth; ferrites; ferromagnetic resonance; liquid phase deposition; magnetic anisotropy; magnetic epitaxial layers; magnetisation; microwave spectra; mixing; pulsed laser deposition; transmission electron microscopy; X-ray diffraction ID FERRITE FILMS AB Thick barium hexaferrite [BaO center dot(Fe2O3)(6)] films, having the magnetoplumbite structure (i.e., Ba M), were epitaxially grown on c-axis oriented GaN/Al2O3 substrates by pulsed laser deposition followed by liquid phase epitaxy. X-ray diffraction showed (0,0,2n) crystallographic alignment with pole figure analyses confirming epitaxial growth. High resolution transmission electron microscopy images revealed magnetoplumbite unit cells stacked with limited interfacial mixing. Saturation magnetization, 4 pi M-s, was measured for as-grown films to be 4.1 +/- 0.3 kG with a perpendicular magnetic anisotropy field of 16 +/- 0.3 kOe. Ferromagnetic resonance linewidth, the peak-to-peak power absorption derivative at 53 GHz, was 86 Oe. These properties will prove enabling for the integration of low loss Ba M ferrite microwave passive devices with active semiconductor circuit elements in systems-on-a-wafer architecture. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3446867] C1 [Chen, Z.; Yang, A.; Gao, J.; Vittoria, C.; Harris, V. G.] Northeastern Univ, Ctr Microwave Magnet Mat & Integrated Circuits, Boston, MA 02155 USA. [Mahalingam, K.; Averett, K. L.; Brown, G. J.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Gao, J.; Vittoria, C.; Harris, V. G.] Northeastern Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Chen, Z (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, Ctr Microwave Magnet Mat & Integrated Circuits, Boston, MA 02155 USA. EM chenzhaohui2001@hotmail.com FU Air Force Office of Science and Research [FA-9550-09-1-0674] FX This research was supported by Air Force Office of Science and Research under Grant No. FA-9550-09-1-0674. NR 18 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 14 PY 2010 VL 96 IS 24 AR 242502 DI 10.1063/1.3446867 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 612PC UT WOS:000278911500033 ER PT J AU Miller, TM Friedman, JF Caples, CM Shuman, NS Van Doren, JM Bardaro, MF Nguyen, P Zweiben, C Campbell, MJ Viggiano, AA AF Miller, Thomas M. Friedman, Jeffrey F. Caples, Connor M. Shuman, Nicholas S. Van Doren, Jane M. Bardaro, Michael F. Nguyen, Pho Zweiben, Cindy Campbell, Matthew J. Viggiano, A. A. TI Electron attachment to sulfur oxyhalides: SOF2, SOCl2, SO2F2, SO2Cl2, and SO2FCl attachment rate coefficients, 300-900 K SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE bonds (chemical); electron attachment; energy loss of particles; Langmuir probes; molecular configurations; sulphur compounds ID NEGATIVE-ION FORMATION; LANGMUIR PROBE TECHNIQUE; GAS-PHASE; RATE CONSTANTS; BY-PRODUCTS; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; SF6 DECOMPOSITION; CORONA DISCHARGES; THERMAL ELECTRONS; MOLECULES AB Electron attachment to SOF2, SOCl2, SO2F2, SO2FCl, and SO2Cl2 was studied with two flowing-afterglow Langmuir-probe apparatuses over the temperature range 300-900 K. Attachment rate coefficients at 300 K are k(a)=2.6 +/- 0.8x10(-10)(SOF2), 1.8 +/- 0.5x10(-8)(SOCl2), 4.8 +/- 0.7x10(-10)(SO2F2), 2.4 +/- 0.7x10(-9)(SO2Cl2), and 2.0 +/- 0.6x10(-7) cm(3) s(-1)(SO2FCl). Arrhenius plots of the data imply activation energies of 56 +/- 22 meV(SOF2), 92 +/- 40(SO2F2), 44 +/- 22 meV(SOCl2), and 29 +/- 15 meV(SO2Cl2). The rate coefficients for SO2FCl decrease slightly with temperature, commensurate with the decrease in the capture rate coefficient. Electron attachment to SOF2 and SO2F2 is nondissociative, while reaction with SOCl2, SO2FCl, and SO2Cl2 is dissociative. Dissociative attachment is dominated by channels arising from S-Cl bond cleavage but also includes a minor channel forming a dihalide product ion. Branching fraction data are reported for the dissociative attachment channels. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3427527] C1 [Miller, Thomas M.; Friedman, Jeffrey F.; Caples, Connor M.; Shuman, Nicholas S.; Viggiano, A. A.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Van Doren, Jane M.; Bardaro, Michael F.; Nguyen, Pho; Zweiben, Cindy; Campbell, Matthew J.] Coll Holy Cross, Dept Chem, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. [Miller, Thomas M.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. RP Miller, TM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM thomas.miller.3@bc.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Air Force Research Laboratory; National Research Council; Research Corporation; College of the Holy Cross; HHMI; [FA8718-10-C-0002] FX We are grateful for the support of the Molecular Dynamics Program of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research for this work. T. M. M. is under Contract No. FA8718-10-C-0002 to the Institute for Scientific Research of Boston College. J.F.F. was supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory Summer Faculty Program. N.S.S. was supported by a National Research Council postdoctoral award. J.M.V.D. acknowledges support from the Research Corporation and the College of the Holy Cross. M.J.C. was supported in part by a HHMI Summer Research Fellowship. The authors thank Matthew F. Wszolek, Matthew S. Thompson, and Elizabeth M. Monaco for their contributions to the initial stages of this work. NR 54 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 7 PY 2010 VL 132 IS 21 AR 214302 DI 10.1063/1.3427527 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 607NX UT WOS:000278511900009 PM 20528017 ER PT J AU Fiorino, ST Bartell, RJ Krizo, MJ Caylor, GL Moore, KP Harris, TR Cusumano, SJ AF Fiorino, Steven T. Bartell, Richard J. Krizo, Matthew J. Caylor, Gregory L. Moore, Kenneth P. Harris, Thomas R. Cusumano, Salvatore J. TI Worldwide uncertainty assessments of ladar and radar signal-to-noise ratio performance for diverse low altitude atmospheric environments SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE ladar; aerosol extinction; cloud extinction; fog extinction; rain rate effects AB In this study of atmospheric effects on laser ranging and detection (ladar) and radar systems, the parameter space is explored using the Air Force Institute of Technology Center for Directed Energy's (AFIT/CDE) High Energy Laser End-to-End Operational Simulation (HELEEOS) parametric one-on-one engagement level model. The expected performance of ladar systems is assessed at a representative wavelength of 1.557 mu m at a number of widely dispersed land and maritime locations worldwide. Radar system performance is assessed at 95 GHz and 250 GHz. Scenarios evaluated include both down looking oblique and vertical engagement geometries over ranges up to 3000 meters in which clear air aerosols and thin layers of fog, locally heavy rain, and low stratus cloud types are expected to occur. Seasonal and boundary layer variations are considered to determine optimum employment techniques to exploit or defeat the environmental conditions. Each atmospheric particulate/obscurant/hydrometeor is evaluated based on its wavelength-dependent forward and off-axis scattering characteristics and absorption effects on system interrogation. Results are presented in the form of worldwide plots of notional signal to noise ratio. The ladar and 95 GHz system types exhibit similar SNR performance for forward oblique clear air operation. 1.557 mu m ladar performs well for vertical geometries in the presence of ground fog, but has no near-horizontal performance under such meteorological conditions. It also has no performance if low altitude stratus is present. 95 GHz performs well for both the fog and stratus layer cases, for both vertical and forward oblique geometries. The 250 GHz radar system is heavily impacted by water vapor absorption in all scenarios studied; however it is not as strongly affected by clouds and fog as the 1.557 mu m ladar. Locally heavy rain will severely limit ladar system performance at these wavelengths. However, under heavy rain conditions ladar outperforms both radar systems. C1 [Fiorino, Steven T.; Bartell, Richard J.; Krizo, Matthew J.; Caylor, Gregory L.; Moore, Kenneth P.; Harris, Thomas R.; Cusumano, Salvatore J.] USAF, Inst Technol, Ctr Directed Energy, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Fiorino, ST (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Ctr Directed Energy, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM steven.fiorino@afit.edu NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTOPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1931-3195 J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS JI J. Appl. Remote Sens. PD JUN 5 PY 2010 VL 4 AR 043533 DI 10.1117/1.3457165 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 649UM UT WOS:000281799400001 ER PT J AU Hong, Y Ding, SJ Wu, W Hu, JJ Voevodin, AA Gschwender, L Snyder, E Chow, L Su, M AF Hong, Yan Ding, Shujiang Wu, Wei Hu, Jianjun Voevodin, Andrey A. Gschwender, Lois Snyder, Ed. Chow, Louis Su, Ming TI Enhancing Heat Capacity of Colloidal Suspension Using Nanoscale Encapsulated Phase-Change Materials for Heat Transfer SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE encapsulation; phase-change nanoparticles; heat transfer; colloid suspension ID CORE-SHELL NANOPARTICLES; BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS; MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES; BOTTOM-UP; PARTICLES; GOLD; CONVERSION; STORAGE; SILICA; FLUID AB This paper describes a new method to enhance the heat-transfer property of a single-phase liquid by adding encapsulated phase-change nanoparticles (nano-PCMs), which absorb thermal energy during solid liquid phase changes. Silica-encapsulated indium nanoparticles and polymer-encapsulated paraffin (wax) nanoparticles have been made using colloid method, and suspended into poly-alpha-olefin (PAO) and water for potential high- and low-temperature applications, respectively. The shells prevent leakage and agglomeration of molten phase-change materials, and enhance the dielectric properties of indium nanoparticles. The heat-transfer coefficients of PAO containing indium nanoparticles (30% by mass) and water containing paraffin nanoparticles (10% by mass) are 1.6 and 1.75 times higher than those of corresponding single-phase fluids. The structural integrity of encapsulation allows repeated use of such nanoparticles for many cycles in high heat generating devices. C1 [Hong, Yan; Ding, Shujiang; Su, Ming] Univ Cent Florida, NanoSci Technol Ctr, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. [Hong, Yan; Chow, Louis; Su, Ming] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Mech Mat & Aerosp Engn, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. [Hu, Jianjun] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Su, M (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, NanoSci Technol Ctr, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. EM mingsu@mail.ucf.edu RI Ding, Shujiang/A-5201-2011; Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013; Ding, Shujiang/G-5025-2011; Su, Ming/F-4001-2014 OI Ding, Shujiang/0000-0002-5683-0973; FU Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL); National Science Foundations [CBET 0828466] FX This project has been supported by Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), and National Science Foundations (CBET 0828466). Most of the characterizations were carried out at the Materials Characterization Facility at University of Central Florida. Y.H., S.D. and W.W. made equal contributions to this work. NR 36 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 4 U2 79 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD JUN PY 2010 VL 2 IS 6 BP 1685 EP 1691 DI 10.1021/am100204b PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 613FG UT WOS:000278963600022 PM 20527779 ER PT J AU Han, MJ Bidinger, JJ Hivnor, CM AF Han, Marie J. Bidinger, Jeffrey J. Hivnor, Chad M. TI Asymptomatic Linear Hemorrhages SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Editorial Material ID SPLINTER HEMORRHAGES; NAIL C1 [Han, Marie J.; Bidinger, Jeffrey J.; Hivnor, Chad M.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Bidinger, JJ (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM jeffrey.bidinger@lackland.af.mil NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 USA SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD JUN 1 PY 2010 VL 81 IS 11 BP 1375 EP 1376 PG 2 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 606JW UT WOS:000278422300012 PM 20521757 ER PT J AU Osur, A AF Osur, Alan TI Fighting for Hope: African American Troops of the 93rd Infantry Division in World War II and Postwar America. SO AMERICAN HISTORICAL REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 [Osur, Alan] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Osur, A (reprint author), USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0002-8762 J9 AM HIST REV JI Am. Hist. Rev. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 115 IS 3 BP 858 EP 858 PG 1 WC History SC History GA 613AB UT WOS:000278946900068 ER PT J AU Yoo, KH Albrecht, JD Ram-Mohan, LR AF Yoo, K. H. Albrecht, J. D. Ram-Mohan, L. R. TI Strain in layered zinc blende and wurtzite semiconductor structures grown along arbitrary crystallographic directions SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE-QUANTUM WELLS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; BAND PARAMETERS; GRADED GAP; C-PLANE; DEVICES; LASERS; HETEROSTRUCTURES; SUPERLATTICES; FIELDS AB We present a simple approach to the evaluation of strain in zinc blende and in wurtzite layered semiconductor structures. These crystallographic structures are of particular interest because of their importance in optoelectronic device applications. The composite layered materials are currently grown pseudomorphically on substrates, which dictate the strain in the layers. Components of the strain are derived for arbitrary crystallographic growth directions. The strain in the layer determines the piezoelectric field in each layer in the structure. The strain and the strain-induced electric field are important in designing layered heterostructures with specific electronic energy levels for device applications. The methods presented are more generally applicable to other crystallographic structures and composite pseudomorphically grown materials. Illustrative problems and solutions are included. (C) 2010 American Association of Physics Teachers. [DOI:10.1119/1.3291214] C1 [Yoo, K. H.] Kyung Hee Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 130701, South Korea. [Yoo, K. H.] Kyung Hee Univ, Res Inst Basic Sci, Seoul 130701, South Korea. [Albrecht, J. D.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Ram-Mohan, L. R.] Worcester Polytech Inst, Dept Phys, Worcester, MA 01609 USA. [Ram-Mohan, L. R.] Worcester Polytech Inst, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Worcester, MA 01609 USA. RP Yoo, KH (reprint author), Kyung Hee Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 130701, South Korea. EM lrram@wpi.edu RI Ram-Mohan, Ramdas/C-5167-2012 FU National Science Foundation [ECS-0725427] FX The work at WPI was supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. ECS-0725427. J.D.A. acknowledges the support of the Air Force Research Laboratory at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base during the course of this work. NR 48 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICS TEACHERS AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0002-9505 J9 AM J PHYS JI Am. J. Phys. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 78 IS 6 BP 589 EP 597 DI 10.1119/1.3291214 PG 9 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Physics GA 595NL UT WOS:000277618000008 ER PT J AU Grigsby, CC Rizki, MM Tamburino, LA Pitsch, RL Shiyanov, PA Cool, DR AF Grigsby, Claude C. Rizki, Mateen M. Tamburino, Louis A. Pitsch, Rhonda L. Shiyanov, Pavel A. Cool, David. R. TI Metabolite Differentiation and Discovery Lab (MeDDL): A New Tool for Biomarker Discovery and Mass Spectral Visualization SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID METABOLOMICS; METABONOMICS; IDENTIFICATION; NEPHROTOXICITY; CHROMATOGRAPHY AB The goal of this work was to design and implement a prototype software tool for the visualization and analysis of small molecule metabolite GC-MS and LC-MS data for biomarker discovery. The key features of the Metabolite Differentiation and Discovery Lab (MeDDL) software platform include support for the manipulation of large data sets, tools to provide a multifaceted view of the individual experimental results, and a software architecture amenable to modification and addition of new algorithms and software components. The MeDDL tool, through its emphasis on visualization, provides unique opportunities by combining the following: easy use of both GC MS and LC-MS data; use of both manufacturer specific data files as well as netCDF (network Common Data Form); preprocessing (peak registration and alignment in both time and mass); powerful visualization tools; and built in data analysis functionality. C1 [Grigsby, Claude C.; Rizki, Mateen M.; Tamburino, Louis A.] USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Biosci & Protect Div,Counter Proliferat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Grigsby, Claude C.; Cool, David. R.] Wright State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Pitsch, Rhonda L.; Shiyanov, Pavel A.] USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Biosci & Protect Div,Appl Biotechnol Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Grigsby, CC (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Biosci & Protect Div,Counter Proliferat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM claude.grigsby@wpafb.af.mil NR 21 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUN 1 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 11 BP 4386 EP 4395 DI 10.1021/ac100034u PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 601MD UT WOS:000278062800015 PM 20443621 ER PT J AU Webber, CM England, RW AF Webber, Christopher M. England, Ronald W. TI THE ROLE OF COMPONENT-RESOLVED TESTING IN FOOD ALLERGY AND ORAL ALLERGY SYNDROME Response SO ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID DIAGNOSTICS C1 [Webber, Christopher M.; England, Ronald W.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Allergy Immunol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Webber, CM (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Allergy Immunol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM christopher.m.webber@gmail.com NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1081-1206 J9 ANN ALLERG ASTHMA IM JI Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 104 IS 6 BP 543 EP 544 DI 10.1016/j.anai.2010.04.010 PG 3 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 701OY UT WOS:000285831500019 ER PT J AU Bebarta, VS Tanen, DA Lairet, J Dixon, PS Valtier, S Bush, A AF Bebarta, Vikhyat S. Tanen, David A. Lairet, Julio Dixon, Patricia S. Valtier, Sandra Bush, Anneke TI Hydroxocobalamin and Sodium Thiosulfate versus Sodium Nitrite and Sodium Thiosulfate in Acute Cyanide Toxicity reply SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID ANTIDOTE HYDROXOCOBALAMIN C1 [Bebarta, Vikhyat S.; Lairet, Julio] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. [Tanen, David A.] USN, Dept Emergency Med, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Dixon, Patricia S.; Valtier, Sandra; Bush, Anneke] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Div Clin Res, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Bebarta, VS (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 55 IS 6 BP 582 EP 583 DI 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2010.01.007 PG 2 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 609RC UT WOS:000278673800023 ER PT J AU Cleary, JW Medhi, G Peale, RE Buchwald, WR AF Cleary, Justin W. Medhi, Gautam Peale, Robert E. Buchwald, Walter R. TI Long-wave infrared surface plasmon grating coupler SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID DOPED SILICON; ANOMALIES; LIGHT; SILICIDES AB We present a simplified analytic formula that may be used to design gratings intended to couple long-wave infrared radiation to surface plasmons. It is based on the theory of Hessel and Oliner (1965). The recipe is semiempirical, in that it requires knowledge of a surface-impedance modulation amplitude, which is found here as a function of the grating groove depth and the wavelength for silver lamellar gratings at CO2 laser wavelengths. The optimum groove depth for photon-to-surface-plasmon energy conversion was found by experiment and calculation to be similar to 10%-15% of the wavelength. This value is about twice what has been reported previously in the visible spectral range for sinusoidal grating profiles. (c) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Cleary, Justin W.; Medhi, Gautam; Peale, Robert E.] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Phys, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Buchwald, Walter R.] USAF, Sensors Directorate, Res Lab, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. RP Peale, RE (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Dept Phys, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. EM peale@mail.ucf.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA871807C-0036, FA8718-06-C-0076, FA95500810428, FA95501010030] FX This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under contracts FA871807C-0036, FA8718-06-C-0076, FA95500810428, and FA95501010030 (Gernot Pomrenke). NR 24 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 8 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUN 1 PY 2010 VL 49 IS 16 BP 3102 EP 3110 DI 10.1364/AO.49.003102 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 604GF UT WOS:000278265600019 PM 20517382 ER PT J AU Cragun, WC Bartlett, BL Ellis, MW Hoover, AZ Tyring, SK Mendoza, N Vento, TJ Nicholson, WL Eremeeva, ME Olano, JP Rapini, RP Paddock, CD AF Cragun, W. Chad Bartlett, Brenda L. Ellis, Michael W. Hoover, Aaron Z. Tyring, Stephen K. Mendoza, Natalia Vento, Todd J. Nicholson, William L. Eremeeva, Marina E. Olano, Juan P. Rapini, Ronald P. Paddock, Christopher D. TI The Expanding Spectrum of Eschar-Associated Rickettsioses in the United States SO ARCHIVES OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MOUNTAIN-SPOTTED-FEVER; NEWLY RECOGNIZED CAUSE; PARKERI INFECTION; TRAVELERS; DISEASE; AFRICA AB Background: Until recently, Rickettsia rickettsii was the only substantiated cause of tick-borne spotted fever group (SFG) rickettsiosis in humans in the United States. Rickettsia parkeri, originally thought to be nonpathogenic in humans, was recently proved to be another cause of tick-borne SFG rickettsiosis. Observations: We report 3 cases of SFG rickettsiosis and discuss the epidemiology, clinical presentation, histopathologic features, and laboratory findings that support confirmed or probable diagnoses of R parkeri infection and describe the expanding list of eschar-associated SFC rickettsioses recognized in US patients. Conclusions: The SFG rickettsioses share many clinical manifestations and extensive antigenic cross-reactivity that may hamper specific confirmation of the causative agent. C1 [Cragun, W. Chad; Hoover, Aaron Z.] San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Dermatol Serv, San Antonio, TX USA. [Vento, Todd J.] San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, San Antonio, TX USA. [Bartlett, Brenda L.; Tyring, Stephen K.; Mendoza, Natalia] Ctr Clin Studies, Houston, TX USA. [Ellis, Michael W.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Tyring, Stephen K.] Univ Texas Med Sch, Dept Dermatol, Houston, TX USA. [Mendoza, Natalia] El Bosque Univ, Bogota, Colombia. [Nicholson, William L.; Eremeeva, Marina E.; Paddock, Christopher D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Olano, Juan P.; Rapini, Ronald P.] Univ Texas Med Branch Galveston, Dept Pathol, Galveston, TX USA. [Rapini, Ronald P.] Univ Texas Med Branch Galveston, Dept Dermatol, Galveston, TX USA. [Olano, Juan P.] Univ Texas Med Branch, Ctr Biodef & Emerging Infect Dis, Galveston, TX USA. RP Cragun, WC (reprint author), San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Dermatol Serv, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM chad.cragun@us.army.mil NR 19 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0003-987X J9 ARCH DERMATOL JI Arch. Dermatol. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 146 IS 6 BP 641 EP 648 PG 8 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 611ZM UT WOS:000278864200008 PM 20404224 ER PT J AU Beachkofsky, TM Carrizales, SC Bidinger, JI Hrncir, DE Whittemore, DE Hivnor, CM AF Beachkofsky, Thomas M. Carrizales, Scott C. Bidinger, Jeffrey I. Hrncir, David E. Whittemore, Darren E. Hivnor, Chad M. TI Adverse Events Following Smallpox Vaccination With ACAM2000 in a Military Population SO ARCHIVES OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VACCINIA-NAIVE ADULTS; GENERALIZED VACCINIA; COMPLICATIONS; SAFETY; VIRUS AB Background: Generalized vaccinia and benign exanthems are 2 adverse events that have been associated with the smallpox vaccination. Accurate incidence and prevalence rates of each are not. readily available, but these events are thought to be uncommon. To our knowledge, this is the first case series to provide clinical as well as pathologic descriptions of multiple papulovesicular eruptions occurring after receiving the second-generation smallpox vaccine, ACAM2000 (Acambis, Canton, Massachusetts), among a vaccinia-naive military population. In addition, we report the first confirmed case, to our knowledge, of generalized vaccinia following administration of the ACAM2000 vaccine. Observations: All patients received primary smallpox immunization as well as I to 3 concurrent or near-concurrent (within the preceding 21 days) immunizations for typhoid, anthrax, hepatitis B, and/or seasonal influenza. One patient presented with a flulike prodrome and diffuse vesiclopustules covering the face, neck, chest, back, and upper and lower extremities. Vaccinia polymerase chain reaction confirmed generalized vaccinia. The remaining 7 patients presented with unusual, painful, and pruritic papulovesicular eruptions occurring on the extensor surfaces of their upper and lower extremities without systemic symptoms. Histologic findings revealed 2 general patterns, including a dermal hypersensitivity reaction with lymphocytic vasculitis and a vesicular spongiotic dermatitis with eosinophils. Conclusions: We present the first confirmed case of generalized vaccinia following immunization with the second-generation smallpox vaccine ACAM2000. In addition, we describe 7 cases of benign, acral, papulovesicular eruptions thought to be associated with ACAM2000 administration. Further research is needed to discern the pathogenesis of these benign eruptions as well as their incidence and prevalence and that of generalized vaccinia with ACAM2000. C1 [Hivnor, Chad M.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Whittemore, Darren E.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Hrncir, David E.] Vaccine Healthcare Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX USA. RP Hivnor, CM (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, 59 MDW SGO5D Dermatol,2200 Bergquist Dr,Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM chad.hivnor@lackland.af.mil NR 15 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0003-987X J9 ARCH DERMATOL JI Arch. Dermatol. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 146 IS 6 BP 656 EP 661 PG 6 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 611ZM UT WOS:000278864200010 PM 20566929 ER PT J AU Henning, JS Wohltmann, W Hivnor, C AF Henning, J. Scott Wohltmann, Wendi Hivnor, Chad TI Teledermatology From a Combat Zone SO ARCHIVES OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 [Henning, J. Scott; Wohltmann, Wendi; Hivnor, Chad] San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Henning, JS (reprint author), 59 MDOS SG05D Dermatol,2200 Bergquist Dr,Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM jeffrey.henning@lackland.af.mil NR 5 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0003-987X J9 ARCH DERMATOL JI Arch. Dermatol. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 146 IS 6 BP 676 EP 677 PG 2 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 611ZM UT WOS:000278864200018 PM 20566937 ER PT J AU Kraemer, KE Hora, JL Egan, MP Adams, J Allen, LE Bontemps, S Carey, SJ Fazio, GG Gutermuth, R Keto, E Koenig, XP Megeath, ST Mizuno, DR Motte, F Price, SD Schneider, N Simon, R Smith, HA AF Kraemer, Kathleen E. Hora, Joseph L. Egan, Michael P. Adams, Joseph Allen, Lori E. Bontemps, Sylvain Carey, Sean J. Fazio, Giovanni G. Gutermuth, Robert Keto, Eric Koenig, Xavier P. Megeath, S. Thomas Mizuno, Donald R. Motte, Frederique Price, Stephan D. Schneider, Nicola Simon, Robert Smith, Howard A. TI CIRCUMSTELLAR STRUCTURE AROUND EVOLVED STARS IN THE CYGNUS-X STAR FORMATION REGION SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars: AGB and post-AGB; stars: individual (BD+43 3710, HBHA 4202-22, G79.29-0.46) ID SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; SHORT-WAVELENGTH SPECTROMETER; MULTIBAND IMAGING PHOTOMETER; INFRARED SPECTROGRAPH IRS; RING NEBULA G79.29+0.46; INNER GALACTIC PLANE; WOLF-RAYET STAR; MU-M; EMISSION FEATURE; MICRON SPECTRA AB We present observations of newly discovered 24 mu m circumstellar structures detected with MIPS around three evolved stars in the Cygnus-X star-forming region. One of the objects, BD+43 3710, has a bipolar nebula, possibly due to an outflow or a torus of material. A second, HBHA 4202-22, a Wolf-Rayet candidate, shows a circular shell of 24 mu m emission suggestive of either a limb-brightened shell or disk seen face-on. No diffuse emission was detected around either of these two objects in the Spitzer 3.6-8 mu m IRAC bands. The third object is the luminous blue variable candidate G79.29+0.46. We resolved the previously known inner ring in all four IRAC bands. The 24 mu m emission from the inner ring extends similar to 1.'2 beyond the shorter wavelength emission, well beyond what can be attributed to the difference in resolutions between MIPS and IRAC. Additionally, we have discovered an outer ring of 24 mu m emission, possibly due to an earlier episode of mass loss. For the two shell stars, we present the results of radiative transfer models, constraining the stellar and dust shell parameters. The shells are composed of amorphous carbon grains, plus polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the case of G79.29+0.46. Both G79.29+0.46 and HBHA 4202-22 lie behind the main Cygnus-X cloud. Although G79.29+0.46 simply may be on the far side of the cloud, HBHA 4202-22 is unrelated to the Cygnus-X star formation region. C1 [Kraemer, Kathleen E.; Price, Stephan D.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Hora, Joseph L.; Fazio, Giovanni G.; Keto, Eric; Koenig, Xavier P.; Smith, Howard A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Egan, Michael P.] Natl Geo Spatial Intelligence Agcy, Reston, VA 20191 USA. [Adams, Joseph] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Allen, Lori E.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85726 USA. [Bontemps, Sylvain] Observ Bordeaux, Floirac, France. [Carey, Sean J.] CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Gutermuth, Robert] Smith Coll, Coll Astron Dept 5, Northampton, MA 01063 USA. [Gutermuth, Robert] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Astron, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Megeath, S. Thomas] Univ Toledo, Dept Phys & Astron, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. [Mizuno, Donald R.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. [Motte, Frederique; Schneider, Nicola] Commissariat Energie Atom, Paris, France. [Simon, Robert] Univ Cologne, Cologne, Germany. RP Kraemer, KE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Rd, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM afrl.rvb.pa@hanscom.af.mil; jhora@cfa.harvard.edu; michael.p.egan@nga.mil; jdadams@astro.cornell.edu; lallen@noao.edu; Sylvain.Bontemps@obs.u-bordeaux1.fr; carey@ipac.caltech.edu; gfazio@cfa.harvard.edu; rgutermu@smith.edu; eketo@cfa.harvard.edu; xkoenig@cfa.harvard.edu; meageath@astro1.panet.utoledo.edu; afrl.rvb.pa@hanscom.af.mil; motte@discovery.saclay.cea.fr; nschneid@cea.fr; simonr@ph1.uni-koeln.de; hsmith@cfa.harvard.edu OI Koenig, Xavier/0000-0002-9478-4170; Hora, Joseph/0000-0002-5599-4650; Kraemer, Kathleen/0000-0002-2626-7155 NR 52 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 139 IS 6 BP 2319 EP 2329 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/139/6/2319 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 595WG UT WOS:000277643700019 ER PT J AU Ragot, BR AF Ragot, B. R. TI NONLINEAR SIMULATION OF TURBULENT FIELD LINES AND COMPARISON OF THEIR MEAN CROSS-FIELD DISPLACEMENT WITH THEORETICAL PREDICTION SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmic rays; magnetic fields; plasmas; turbulence; waves ID ENERGETIC ELECTRON EVENTS; SOLAR-WIND FLUCTUATIONS; MAGNETIC-FIELD; RANDOM-WALK; TRANSPORT; ORIGIN; PERCOLATION; DYNAMICS; CORONA; FORCE AB A new method for the full nonlinear computation of turbulent field lines is presented that extends the Sums of Random Numbers Distribution method previously applied to the computation of generalized quasilinear (GQL) field lines. A study of the mean cross-field displacement confirms the theoretical prediction of a nonlinear diffusion regime, on the large scales where the mean cross-field displacement exceeds twice the perpendicular correlation length. The simulation results duplicate at all length scales the variations of the mean cross-field displacement predicted by the theoretical calculations, including the transitions from GQL supradiffusion to nonlinear diffusion. Both GQL and full nonlinear computations also reproduce, accurately, the predicted variations with turbulence level of the large-scale GQL and nonlinear diffusion coefficients, respectively. C1 [Ragot, B. R.] USAF, Res Lab, RVBXS, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Ragot, B. R.] Helio Res, Nashua, NH 03061 USA. RP Ragot, BR (reprint author), Helio Res, POB 1414, Nashua, NH 03061 USA. FU Air Force Research Laboratory; NASA; NSF [NNX09AB16G, 0817094] FX This research was started while the author held a National Research Council/AFOSR Senior Research Associateship Award at the Air Force Research Laboratory. It was also co-funded by NASA and NSF under the grants NNX09AB16G and 0817094 of the Programs for Solar and Heliospheric Physics and for Solar Terrestrial Research in Support of the National Space Weather Program, respectively. The readability of this paper was improved, thanks to useful comments by the referee. NR 44 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 1 PY 2010 VL 715 IS 2 BP 959 EP 966 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/715/2/959 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 595VR UT WOS:000277642100020 ER PT J AU Gauthier, ML Petersen, WA Carey, LD AF Gauthier, Michael L. Petersen, Walter A. Carey, Lawrence D. TI Cell mergers and their impact on cloud-to-ground lightning over the Houston area SO ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Lightning; Radar; Cell merger ID MAJOR URBAN AREAS; SUMMER SEASON; RADAR; PRECIPITATION; CONVECTION; SATELLITE; CUMULUS; ISLAND; TRMM AB A previous hypothesis advanced from observational studies such as METROMEX suggests that the intensity, frequency, and organization of cumulus convection may be impacted by the forcing of enhanced merger activity downstream of urban zones. A resulting corollary is that cities may exert an indirect anthropogenic "forcing" of parameters related to convection and associated phenomena such as lightning and precipitation. This paper investigates the urban-merger hypothesis by examining the role of convective cell mergers on the existence and persistence of the Houston lightning "anomaly", a local maximum in cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning activity documented to exist over and east of Houston. Using eight summer seasons of peak columnar radar reflectivity. CG lightning data and a cell-tracking algorithm, a two-dimensional cell merger climatology is created for portions of Eastern Texas and Louisiana. Results from the tracking and analysis of over 3.8 million cells indicate that merger-driven enhancements in convection induce a positive response (046%) in ground flash densities throughout the domain, with areas of enhanced lightning typically being co-located with areas of enhanced merger activity. However, while mergers over the Houston area (relative to elsewhere in the domain) do result in more vigorous convective cells that produce larger CG flash densities, we find that CG lightning contributions due to mergers are distributed similarly throughout the domain. Hence while we demonstrate that cell mergers do greatly impact the production of lightning, the urban cell merger hypothesis does not uniquely explain the presence of a local lightning maximum near and downstream of Houston. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Gauthier, Michael L.] USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Petersen, Walter A.] NASA Marshall Space Flight Ctr, NSSTC Earth Sci Off VP61, Huntsville, AL 35804 USA. [Carey, Lawrence D.] Univ Alabama, Natl Space Sci & Technol Ctr, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. RP Gauthier, ML (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Phys, 2354 Fairchild Hall,Suite 2A29, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM Michael.Gauthier@USAFA.edu FU U.S. Air Force Academy through the Air Force Institute of Technology; NASA; NSF [ATM-0442011] FX This research was supported by funding from the U.S. Air Force Academy through the Air Force Institute of Technology (MLG), NASA's Earth Sciences Program (WAP), and NSF grant ATM-0442011 (LDC). The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the U.S. Air Force, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. NR 28 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0169-8095 J9 ATMOS RES JI Atmos. Res. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 96 IS 4 BP 626 EP 632 DI 10.1016/j.atmosres.2010.02.010 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 607BV UT WOS:000278474200013 ER PT J AU Marsh, RW Sowin, TW Thompson, WT AF Marsh, Royden W. Sowin, Timothy W. Thompson, William T. TI Panic Disorder in Military Aviators: A Retrospective Study of Prevalence SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE aviation safety; epidemiology; pilots; navigators; aircrew ID EPIDEMIOLOGY AB MARSH RW, SOWN TW, THOMPSON WT. Panic disorder in military aviators: a retrospective study of prevalence. Aviat Space Environ Med 2010; 81:589-92. Introduction: The occurrence of panic disorder (PD) among military pilots and navigators poses questions with respect to medical care and waiver policy, but the prevalence of such disorders is unclear. We studied the epidemiology of PD in a USAF aircrew population. Methods: Occurrence of PD during the period 2001-2008 was determined using the USAF Aeromedical Information Management Waiver Tracking System, a database containing medical disqualifications and waivers for the entire population of both qualified and disqualified (grounded) USAF aviators. Results: The mean annual USAF pilot and navigator population averaged 17,727 during the study period. The database yielded nine cases labeled as PD. After records review by two experienced aeromedical psychiatrists, only three of the nine cases met diagnostic criteria for PD. Estimated annual PD prevalence was 0.002% (2/100,000) in USAF pilots and navigators. Annual prevalence of PD was 2.7% in the general U.S. population 18 yr of age and older and 2.4% in a group of manager/professionals. Odds ratios were 1228 (55/27,269) and 1089 (49/24,175) for the general population and manager/professionals, respectively. Discussion: One of three individuals with PD received a waiver to resume flying after successful treatment. Five of the six cases not meeting criteria for PD (but suffering from varying degrees of situational and/or stress related anxiety) were flying with waivers. The negligible annual PD prevalence in USAF pilots and navigators likely reflects lower aircrew vulnerability to PD because of selection and training processes and does not pose a disease burden upon force strength. C1 [Marsh, Royden W.; Sowin, Timothy W.; Thompson, William T.] USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, Brooks City Base, TX USA. RP Marsh, RW (reprint author), 2507 Kennedy Circle, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. EM royden.marsh.ctr@brooks.af.mil NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 81 IS 6 BP 589 EP 592 DI 10.3357/ASEM.2678.2010 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 604VA UT WOS:000278305400010 PM 20540452 ER PT J AU Cao, J Moosman, A Johnson, VE AF Cao, Jing Moosman, Ann Johnson, Valen E. TI A Bayesian Chi-Squared Goodness-of-Fit Test for Censored Data Models SO BIOMETRICS LA English DT Article DE Bayesian model diagnostic; Censored data model; Goodness-of-fit; Noncentrality parameter; Pivotal quantity ID COMPOSITE NULL MODELS; LIFE-HISTORY DATA; ORDER-STATISTICS; P-VALUES AB We propose a Bayesian chi-squared model diagnostic for analysis of data subject to censoring. The test statistic has the form of Pearson's chi-squared test statistic and is easy to calculate from standard output of Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms. The he innovation of this diagnostic is that it is based only on observed failure times. Because it does not rely on the imputation of failure times for observations that have been censored, we show that under heavy censoring it can have higher power for detecting model departures than a comparable test based on the complete data. In a simulation study, we show that tests based on this diagnostic exhibit comparable power and better nominal Type I error rates than a commonly used alternative test proposed by Akritas (1988, Journal of the American Statistical Association 83, 222-230). An important advantage of the proposed diagnostic is that it can be applied to a broad class of censored data models, including generalized linear models and other models with nonidentically distributed anti nonadditive error structures. We illustrate the proposed model diagnostic for testing the adequacy of two parametric survival models for Space Shuttle main engine failures. C1 [Cao, Jing] So Methodist Univ, Dept Stat Sci, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. [Moosman, Ann] USAF 45th SW SEAN, Patrick AFB, FL 32925 USA. [Johnson, Valen E.] Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Biostat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Cao, J (reprint author), So Methodist Univ, Dept Stat Sci, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. EM jcao@smu.edu; Ann.Moosman@patrick.af.mil; vejohnson@mdanderson.org NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0006-341X EI 1541-0420 J9 BIOMETRICS JI Biometrics PD JUN PY 2010 VL 66 IS 2 BP 426 EP 434 DI 10.1111/j.1541-0420.2009.01294.x PG 9 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 613FL UT WOS:000278964200011 PM 19645701 ER PT J AU Mcleod, BS Retzloff, MG AF Mcleod, Brandi S. Retzloff, Matthew G. TI Epidemiology of Endometriosis: An Assessment of Risk Factors SO CLINICAL OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE endometriosis; epidemiology; endometrioma; pelvic pain; risk factors; exposures ID YALE SERIES; WOMEN; ASSOCIATION; EXPOSURES AB Endometriosis is the third leading cause of gynecologic hospitalization in the United States. This disease impacts both a woman's physical and mental well being. This impact is often compounded by the frequent delay from the onset of symptoms to a confirmed diagnosis, which may average 6 years or more. The precise incidence and prevalence of endometriosis remains elusive for a multitude of reasons, and their measurement remains difficult to accurately assess. None the less, there are many unique and interesting components to the disease which arise when population-based analyses are performed. The goal of this paper is to investigate and summarize the existing epidemiologic parameters, primarily risk factors, associated with endometriosis. C1 [Mcleod, Brandi S.; Retzloff, Matthew G.] USAF, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Wilford Hall Med Ctr, SAUSHEC, Lackland AFB, TX USA. RP Retzloff, MG (reprint author), USAF, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Wilford Hall Med Ctr, SAUSHEC, Lackland AFB, TX USA. EM matthew.retzloff@lackland.af.mil NR 22 TC 22 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 9 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-9201 J9 CLIN OBSTET GYNECOL JI Clin. Obstet. Gynecol. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 53 IS 2 BP 389 EP 396 DI 10.1097/GRF.0b013e3181db7bde PG 8 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 631TC UT WOS:000280369900013 PM 20436315 ER PT J AU Zanov, MV Davison, GC AF Zanov, Marat V. Davison, Gerald C. TI A Conceptual and Empirical Review of 25 Years of Cognitive Assessment Using the Articulated Thoughts in Simulated Situations (ATSS) Think-Aloud Paradigm SO COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Articulated Thoughts in Simulated Situations; ATSS; Clinical assessment; Cognitive assessment; Think-aloud ID DATING VIOLENCE PERPETRATORS; ANGER AROUSAL; ALCOHOL-INTOXICATION; EMOTIONAL-REACTIONS; IRRATIONAL BELIEFS; MARITALLY VIOLENT; FAMILY CONFLICT; NONVIOLENT MEN; EXPRESSION; EXPERIENCE AB The present paper is a conceptual analysis and empirical review of research using the Articulated Thoughts in Simulated Situations (Davison et al. in Cogn Ther Res 7(1): 17-39, 1983) paradigm, a think-aloud cognitive assessment approach that is intended to capture ongoing thinking in an analogue, controlled environment of considerable interpersonal complexity. From an examination of over 25 years of the paradigm's usage and in light of comments from scores of ATSS users, we have expanded upon and updated an earlier review (Davison et al. in J Consult Clin Psychol 65(6): 950-958, 1997). In addition to an empirical update, we describe the ATSS in greater methodological and psychometric detail, highlight its strengths and discuss its weaknesses, address some practical concerns, and comment on the evidence accumulated from the close to 70 studies employing the paradigm. We conclude that the ATSS paradigm is useful in assessing complex cognitions in a variety of investigator-controlled situations. C1 [Zanov, Marat V.] USAF, Mental Hlth Clin, Aviano, AB, Italy. [Davison, Gerald C.] Univ So Calif, Leonard Davis Sch Gerontol, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Zanov, MV (reprint author), USAF, Mental Hlth Clin, Aviano, AB, Italy. EM dr.zanov@gmail.com; gdaviso@usc.edu NR 61 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 7 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0147-5916 J9 COGNITIVE THER RES JI Cogn. Ther. Res. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 34 IS 3 BP 282 EP 291 DI 10.1007/s10608-009-9271-9 PG 10 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 583DR UT WOS:000276653700008 ER PT J AU Kovanis, V Gavrielides, A Gallas, JAC AF Kovanis, V. Gavrielides, A. Gallas, J. A. C. TI Labyrinth bifurcations in optically injected diode lasers SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL D LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTOR-LASER; LYAPUNOV EXPONENTS; DYNAMICS; CHAOS; SPACE AB Although pulsating and chaotic regimes in injection-locked semiconductor lasers have been described often in the literature, so far their relative abundance has remained poorly explored. Here, for two popular laser models, we report detailed Lyapunov phase (stability) diagrams characterizing the extension in parameter space of pulsating phases. Our phase (stability) diagrams discriminate regular from chaotic laser emissions and indicate where multistability is to be expected in injection-locked semiconductor lasers. C1 [Kovanis, V.] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Gavrielides, A.] USAF, Res Lab, High Power Solid State Lasers Branch, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Gallas, J. A. C.] TecEdge, Wright Bros Inst, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Gallas, J. A. C.] Univ Fed Paraiba, Dept Fis, BR-58051970 Joao Pessoa, Paraiba, Brazil. [Gallas, J. A. C.] Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Inst Fis, BR-91501970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. RP Kovanis, V (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2241 Av Circle, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM jgallas@if.ufrgs.br RI Gallas, Jason/B-5678-2013 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-07-1-0102]; CNPq, Brazil FX JACG thanks support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Grant FA9550-07-1-0102, and CNPq, Brazil. All computations were done in the Sun Fire X2200 and X4600 clusters of the CESUP-UFRGS, in Porto Alegre. VK thanks support from AFOSR. NR 31 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6060 J9 EUR PHYS J D JI Eur. Phys. J. D PD JUN PY 2010 VL 58 IS 2 BP 181 EP 186 DI 10.1140/epjd/e2010-00061-4 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 604PK UT WOS:000278290800005 ER PT J AU Kacprowicz, RF Lloyd, JD AF Kacprowicz, Robert F. Lloyd, Jeremy D. TI Electrolyte Complications of Malignancy SO HEMATOLOGY-ONCOLOGY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Malignancy; Electrolytes; Hypoglycemia; Hyponatremia; Hypercalcemia; Hyperphosphatemia ID CENTRAL PONTINE MYELINOLYSIS; TUMOR-INDUCED HYPOGLYCEMIA; INTENSIVE-CARE-UNIT; OF-THE-LITERATURE; SYMPTOMATIC HYPONATREMIA; RAPID CORRECTION; SERUM SODIUM; HYPERCALCEMIA; MANAGEMENT; PATIENT AB A thorough working knowledge of the diagnosis and treatment of life-threatening electrolyte abnormalities in cancer patients, especially hyponatremia, hypoglycemia, and hypercalcemia, is essential to the successful practice of emergency medicine. Although most minor abnormalities have no specific treatment, severe clinical manifestations of several notable electrolytes occur with significant frequency in the setting of malignancy. The treatment of life-threatening electrolyte abnormalities is reviewed here. Promising future treatments directed at the underlying physiology are also introduced. C1 [Kacprowicz, Robert F.; Lloyd, Jeremy D.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Kacprowicz, Robert F.; Lloyd, Jeremy D.] San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium R, San Antonio, TX USA. [Kacprowicz, Robert F.] Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Dept Emergency Med, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Kacprowicz, RF (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, 2200 Bergquist Dr Suite 1-59 EMDS, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM robert.kacprowicz@lackland.af.mil NR 51 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0889-8588 EI 1558-1977 J9 HEMATOL ONCOL CLIN N JI Hematol. Oncol. Clin. North Am. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 24 IS 3 BP 553 EP + DI 10.1016/j.hoc.2010.03.007 PG 14 WC Oncology; Hematology SC Oncology; Hematology GA 612AP UT WOS:000278868700007 PM 20488353 ER PT J AU Kalyanam, K Tsao, TC AF Kalyanam, Krishnamoorthy Tsao, Tsu-Chin TI Experimental Study of Adaptive-Q Control for Disk Drive Track-Following Servo Problem SO IEEE-ASME TRANSACTIONS ON MECHATRONICS LA English DT Article DE Adaptive control; hard disks; servosystems ID LASER-BEAM JITTER; DISTURBANCE-REJECTION; ESTIMATE FEEDBACK; COMPENSATION; SUPPRESSION; SYSTEMS; ENHANCEMENT; TUTORIAL AB This paper presents the design of an adaptive-Q control algorithm for minimizing the position error signal (PES) in a hard-disk-drive track-following servo. Also, we discuss the results obtained from experiments done on a commercial disk drive using the said scheme. The adaptive-Q control algorithm approach uses the well-known result that all stabilizing controllers for a plant can be synthesized by conveniently parametrized augmentation to a nominal controller. The augmentation to a linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) optimal control is parametrized by a stable filter Q. The Q filter is restricted to a finite-impulse response filter, which minimizes the rms value of the track following error. Experiments done with a fifth-order adaptive filter that uses PES signal as feedback show a 15% improvement in the achievable track misregistration over a model-based LQG controller. The adaptive-Q algorithm implemented via a recursive least squares numerically stable adaptive algorithm shows fast convergence rate and a consistent performance improvement over a fixed controller for various track locations. Also, the tracking performance improves with increase in the adaptive filter order. C1 [Kalyanam, Krishnamoorthy; Tsao, Tsu-Chin] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Kalyanam, K (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Natl Res Council, Control Design & Anal Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM krishnak@ucla.edu; ttsao@seas.ucla.edu RI Tsao, Tsu-Chin/F-7017-2010 FU National Science Foundation [DMI 0327077, CMMI 0751621] FX This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant DMI 0327077 and Grant CMMI 0751621. This paper was presented in part at the American Control Conference, Boston, MA, June 30-July 2, 2004. NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1083-4435 J9 IEEE-ASME T MECH JI IEEE-ASME Trans. Mechatron. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 15 IS 3 BP 480 EP 491 DI 10.1109/TMECH.2009.2030185 PG 12 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA 578CC UT WOS:000276270000015 ER PT J AU Evans, JB Zvonar, Z AF Evans, Joseph B. Zvonar, Zoran TI RADIO COMMUNICATIONS: COMPONENTS, SYSTEMS, AND NETWORKS SO IEEE COMMUNICATIONS MAGAZINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Evans, Joseph B.] Univ Kansas, Informat & Telecommun Technol Ctr, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Evans, Joseph B.] Natl Sci Fdn, Div Comp & Network Syst, Directorate Comp & Informat Sci & Engn, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. [Zvonar, Zoran] Univ Belgrade, Dept Elect Engn, Belgrade 11001, Serbia. [Zvonar, Zoran] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Zvonar, Zoran] Analog Devices Inc, Norwood, MA 02062 USA. [Evans, Joseph B.] Univ Cambridge, Comp Lab, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England. [Evans, Joseph B.] USAF, Rome Labs, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Evans, Joseph B.] AT&T Bell Labs, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. RP Evans, JB (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Informat & Telecommun Technol Ctr, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. EM evans@ittc.ku.edu; zoran.zvonar@mediatek.com RI Evans, Joseph/C-2705-2015 OI Evans, Joseph/0000-0002-1868-6878 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0163-6804 J9 IEEE COMMUN MAG JI IEEE Commun. Mag. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 48 IS 6 BP 20 EP 20 DI 10.1109/MCOM.2010.5473859 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 604JJ UT WOS:000278275000001 ER PT J AU Chabak, KD Trejo, M Crespo, A Walker, DE Yang, JW Gaska, R Kossler, M Gillespie, JK Jessen, GH Trimble, V Via, GD AF Chabak, Kelson D. Trejo, Manuel Crespo, Antonio Walker, Dennis E., Jr. Yang, Jinwei Gaska, Remis Kossler, Mauricio Gillespie, James K. Jessen, Gregg H. Trimble, Virginia Via, Glen D. TI Strained AlInN/GaN HEMTs on SiC With 2.1-A/mm Output Current and 104-GHz Cutoff Frequency SO IEEE ELECTRON DEVICE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Aluminum indium nitride; high-electronmobility transistor (HEMT); lattice strain; polarization charge ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTOR; ALGAN/GAN HEMTS; PERFORMANCE AB We report on a dc/RF performance of lattice-strained AlInN/GaN high-electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) on SiC substrate. HEMT devices were fabricated with gate periphery of 2 x 150 mu m with an 80-nm T-gate and similar to 2.5-mu m source-drain spacing. Fabricated devices simultaneously demonstrated up to 2.11 A/mm with f(t-ext) = 104 GHz and f(t-int) = 113 GHz. The high performance is attributed to the combination of low R-sh similar to 230 Omega/sq (mu similar to 1079 cm(2)/V . s, n(s) similar to 2.39 x 10(13) cm(-2)) and thin similar to 110-angstrom total barrier thickness with a short gate length. Other device parameters include R-c = 0.29 Omega . mm, I-g,I-leak = 27.9 mu A/mm, g(m,peak) = 432 mS/mm, and V-th = -5.8 V. To our knowledge, this is among the highest current densities reported for any HEMT operating with a unity current gain frequency exceeding 100 GHz. C1 [Chabak, Kelson D.; Trejo, Manuel; Crespo, Antonio; Walker, Dennis E., Jr.; Kossler, Mauricio; Gillespie, James K.; Jessen, Gregg H.; Trimble, Virginia; Via, Glen D.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Yang, Jinwei; Gaska, Remis] Sensor Elect Technol Inc, Columbia, SC 29209 USA. RP Chabak, KD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM kelson.chabak@us.af.mil; manuel.trejo@wpafb.af.mil; antonio.crespo@wpafb.af.mil; dennis.walker@wpafb.af.mil; jinwei@s-et.com; gaska@s-et.com; mauricio.kossler@wpafb.af.mil; james.gillespie@wpafb.af.mil; gregg.jessen@aoard.af.mil; virginia.trimble@wpafb.af.mil; glen.via@wpafb.af.mil FU SBIR [W9113M-09-C-0108] FX Manuscript received January 26, 2010; revised March 1, 2010. Date of publication April 15, 2010; date of current version May 26, 2010. This work was supported by SBIR under Contract W9113M-09-C-0108 (Program Manager John Blevins of Wright-Patterson Air Force Base). The review of this letter was arranged by Editor J. A. del Alamo. NR 19 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 14 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0741-3106 EI 1558-0563 J9 IEEE ELECTR DEVICE L JI IEEE Electron Device Lett. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 31 IS 6 BP 561 EP 563 DI 10.1109/LED.2010.2045099 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 678RL UT WOS:000284097800005 ER PT J AU Wu, HC Hjorungnes, A Wang, CL Wicks, MC AF Wu, Hsiao-Chun Hjorungnes, Are Wang, Chin-Liang Wicks, Michael C. TI Introduction to the Special Issue on Model Order Selection in Signal Processing Systems SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Wu, Hsiao-Chun] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Hjorungnes, Are] Univ Oslo, Fac Math & Nat Sci, N-0317 Oslo, Norway. [Wang, Chin-Liang] Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan. [Wicks, Michael C.] USAF, Sensors Directorate, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13411 USA. RP Wu, HC (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM hwu1@lsu.edu; arehj@unik.no; clwang@ee.nthu.edu.tw; michael.wicks@rl.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1932-4553 J9 IEEE J-STSP JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Signal Process. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 4 IS 3 BP 465 EP 467 DI 10.1109/JSTSP.2010.2048396 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 597RH UT WOS:000277777400001 ER PT J AU Li, Y Naderi, NA Kovanis, V Lester, LF AF Li, Y. Naderi, N. A. Kovanis, V. Lester, L. F. TI Enhancing the 3-dB Bandwidth via the Gain-Lever Effect in Quantum-Dot Lasers SO IEEE PHOTONICS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Gain lever; quantum dot; modulation bandwidth ID SEGMENTED CONTACT METHOD; SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS; OPTICAL GAIN; HIGH-SPEED; DFB LASER; MODULATION; ENHANCEMENT; EFFICIENCY; FEEDBACK; DIODE AB We investigate the small-signal modulation response of two-section, gain-lever, quantum-dot semiconductor lasers. A three-pole modulation function is derived from a 3-D set of rate equations, and a 70% 3-dB bandwidth enhancement is computed and experimentally realized in an undoped quantum-dot gain-lever laser under extreme asymmetric-bias conditions. Finally, it is demonstrated that the 3-dB bandwidth is three times the free-running relaxation oscillation frequency in these types of laser structures, as opposed to 1.55 times in the case of conventional single-section lasers. C1 [Li, Y.; Naderi, N. A.; Lester, L. F.] Univ New Mexico, CHTM, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Kovanis, V.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Li, Y (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, CHTM, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. EM yanli@chtm.unm.edu RI Li, Yan/A-9909-2011 FU Air Force Summer Faculty Fellowship [FA8750-06-1-0085]; Air Force Office of Science Research [LRIR 09RY04COR] FX The work at the University of New Mexico was supported by an Air Force Summer Faculty Fellowship and Grant FA8750-06-1-0085. The work of V. Kovanis was supported by the Air Force Office of Science Research under Contract LRIR 09RY04COR. NR 21 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1943-0655 J9 IEEE PHOTONICS J JI IEEE Photonics J. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 2 IS 3 BP 321 EP 329 DI 10.1109/JPHOT.2010.2046481 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 691FY UT WOS:000285066900006 ER PT J AU Pochet, M Naderi, NA Li, Y Kovanis, V Lester, LF AF Pochet, Michael Naderi, Nader A. Li, Yan Kovanis, Vassilios Lester, Luke F. TI Tunable Photonic Oscillators Using Optically Injected Quantum-Dash Diode Lasers SO IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Nonlinear dynamics; optical injection; period-one state; quantum-dash (QDash) lasers; tunable photonic oscillators ID SEMICONDUCTOR-LASER; BEHAVIOR; LOCKING AB An analytical approximation is described and experimentally verified for predicting the resonance frequency of an optically injected quantum-dash Fabry-Perot laser in the period-one (P1) state. Due to the large spontaneous and nonlinear carrier relaxation rates measured in nanostructure lasers, the P1 resonance frequency is modified appreciably. The function presented accounts for these effects, and it also identifies the role of the linewidth enhancement factor of the optically injected slave laser. The resulting equation is shown to improve the P1 resonance frequency calculation when compared to previous models. Calculating the P1 resonance frequency is critical in using optically injected lasers as a building block for tunable photonic oscillators. C1 [Pochet, Michael; Naderi, Nader A.; Li, Yan; Lester, Luke F.] Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Kovanis, Vassilios] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pochet, M (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. EM mpochet@unm.edu; nader@unm.edu; yanli@chtm.unm.edu; vassilios.kovanis@wpafb.af.mil; luke@chtm.unm.edu RI Li, Yan/A-9909-2011 FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) [FA8750-06-1-0085]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) Laboratory Research Initiation Request (LRIR) [09RY04COR] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) under Grant FA8750-06-1-0085. The work of V. Kovanis was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) Laboratory Research Initiation Request (LRIR) 09RY04COR. The views expressed in this letter are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy or position of the U.S. Air Force, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. NR 14 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1041-1135 J9 IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L JI IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. PD JUN 1 PY 2010 VL 22 IS 11 BP 763 EP 765 DI 10.1109/LPT.2010.2044501 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 591YZ UT WOS:000277342800002 ER PT J AU Kim, OS Breinbjerg, O Yaghjian, AD AF Kim, Oleksiy S. Breinbjerg, Olav Yaghjian, Arthur D. TI Electrically Small Magnetic Dipole Antennas With Quality Factors Approaching the Chu Lower Bound SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE Chu limit; electrically small antennas; magnetic dipole; quality factor; spherical modes; surface integral equation ID RADIATION Q; BANDWIDTH; LIMITS AB We investigate the quality factor Q for electrically small current distributions and practical antenna designs radiating the TE(10) magnetic dipole field. The current distributions and the antenna designs employ electric currents on a spherical surface enclosing a magneto-dielectric material that serves to reduce the internal stored energy. Closed-form expressions for the internal and external stored energies as well as for the quality factor Q are derived. The influence of the sphere radius and the material permeability and permittivity on the quality factor Q is determined and verified numerically. It is found that for a given antenna size and permittivity there is an optimum permeability that ensures the lowest possible Q, and this optimum permeability is inversely proportional to the square of the antenna electrical radius. When the relative permittivity is equal to 1, the optimum permeability yields the quality factor Q that constitutes the lower bound for a magnetic dipole antenna with a magneto-dielectric core. Furthermore, the smaller the antenna the closer its quality factor Q can approach the Chu lower bound. Simulated results for the TE(10)-mode multiarm spherical helix antenna with a magnetic core reach a that is 1.24 times the Chu lower bound for an electrical radius of 0.192. C1 [Kim, Oleksiy S.; Breinbjerg, Olav] Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Elect Engn, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. [Yaghjian, Arthur D.] Tougaloo Coll, Tougaloo, MS USA. [Yaghjian, Arthur D.] Hampton Univ, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. [Yaghjian, Arthur D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Yaghjian, Arthur D.] USAF, Electromagnet Directorate, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. RP Kim, OS (reprint author), Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Elect Engn, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. EM osk@elektro.dtu.dk; ob@elektro.dtu.dk RI Kim, Oleksiy/Q-7570-2016 OI Kim, Oleksiy/0000-0002-7560-0401 FU Danish Research Council for Technology and Production Sciences FX Manuscript received July 16, 2009; revised October 14, 2009; accepted January 11, 2010. Date of publication March 29, 2010; date of current version June 03, 2010. This work was supported by the Danish Research Council for Technology and Production Sciences within the TopAnt project (http://www.topant.dtu.dk). NR 22 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 58 IS 6 BP 1898 EP 1906 DI 10.1109/TAP.2010.2046864 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 607UF UT WOS:000278531600009 ER PT J AU Kim, KT AF Kim, Kristopher T. TI Truncation-Error Reduction in 2D Cylindrical/Spherical Near-Field Scanning SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE Field expansion; near-field scanning; near-field to far-field transformation; Slepian functions; truncation error ID BISTATIC RCS CALCULATIONS AB We introduce a near-field to far-field transformation for two-dimensional cylindrical/spherical scanning that significantly reduces angular-truncation errors. After examining the limitations of the traditional multipole-based expansion of truncated scan data, we consider an alternative expansion based on Slepian functions and show how far-field values can be extracted from the resulting expansion coefficients. We compare the performance and computational cost of the new transformation with those of the traditional one. C1 USAF, Div Electromagnet Technol, Sensors Directorate, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Kim, KT (reprint author), USAF, Div Electromagnet Technol, Sensors Directorate, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. EM trout@ieee.org FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX This work was supported in part by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 58 IS 6 BP 2153 EP 2158 DI 10.1109/TAP.2010.2046850 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 607UF UT WOS:000278531600043 ER PT J AU Chakravarthy, V Li, X Zhou, RL Wu, ZQ Temple, M AF Chakravarthy, Vasu Li, Xue Zhou, Ruolin Wu, Zhiqiang Temple, Michael TI Novel Overlay/Underlay Cognitive Radio Waveforms Using SD-SMSE Framework to Enhance Spectrum Efficiency-Part II: Analysis in Fading Channels SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Software defined radio; cognitive radio; non-contiguous waveform; overlay waveform; underlay waveform; dynamic spectrum access ID MC-CDMA; CODES AB Interest in Cognitive Radio (CR) remains strong as the communications community strives to solve the spectrum congestion problem. In conventional CR implementations, interference to primary users is minimized using either overlay waveforms that exploit unused (white) spectrum holes or underlay waveforms that spread their power spectrum density over an ultra-wide bandwidth. In Part I, we proposed a novel hybrid overlay/underlay waveform that realizes benefits of both waveforms and demonstrated its performance in an AWGN channel. This was done by extending the original Spectrally Modulated Spectrally Encoded (SMSE) framework to enable soft decision CR implementations that exploit both unused (white) and underused (gray) spectral areas. In Part II, we analyze and evaluate performance of the proposed hybrid overlay/underlay waveform in frequency selective fading channels. A simulated performance analysis of overlay, underlay and hybrid overlay/underlay waveforms in frequency selective fading channels is presented and benefits discussed. C1 [Chakravarthy, Vasu] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate EW Tech Dev & Anal Branch, Dayton, OH USA. [Li, Xue; Zhou, Ruolin; Wu, Zhiqiang] Wright State Univ, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Temple, Michael] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Chakravarthy, V (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate EW Tech Dev & Anal Branch, Dayton, OH USA. EM vasu.chakravarthy@wpafb.af.mil; li.68@wright.edu; zhou.10@wright.edu; zhiqiang.wu@wright.edu; michael.temple@afit.edu FU National Science Foundation [0708469, 0737297, 0837677]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); Wright Center for Sensor System Engineering (WCSSE) FX This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 0708469, No. 0737297, No. 0837677, Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR), and Wright Center for Sensor System Engineering (WCSSE). Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation, the United States Air Force, Department of Defense or the U. S. Government. NR 18 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0090-6778 J9 IEEE T COMMUN JI IEEE Trans. Commun. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 58 IS 6 BP 1868 EP 1876 DI 10.1109/TCOMM.2010.06.090176 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 607WE UT WOS:000278537200030 ER PT J AU Hoff, BW Franzi, M Gilgenbach, RM Lau, YY AF Hoff, Brad W. Franzi, Matthew Gilgenbach, Ronald M. Lau, Y. Y. TI Three-Dimensional Simulations of Magnetic Priming of a Relativistic Magnetron SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE High power microwaves; magnetic priming; relativistic magnetron ID OVEN MAGNETRONS; MICROWAVE MAGNETRONS; NOISE; STARTUP; FIELD AB Using a hybrid approach, 3-D simulations of magnetic priming of a relativistic magnetron have been performed. The primed magnetic field values were calculated using a magnetostatics code (Magnum) and then imported into a particle-in-cell code (Magic PIC) and run for the case of a six-vane relativistic magnetron. The magnetically perturbative structures chosen for implementation in these simulations were sets of three high-permeability wires of various lengths, which would be placed within the cathode, the anode, or, in the combined case, both the cathode and anode. In the best-performing cathode-wire case (three 4-cm wires), magnetic priming was found to reduce the start-oscillation time of the magnetron to 50% that of the unprimed case. When wires were embedded in both the cathode and the anode, the best-performing case (4-cm cathode wires and 4-cm anode wires) was found to start oscillating at 30% of the start-oscillation time of the unprimed case. The cases of magnetically primed magnetrons were found to exhibit slightly reduced equilibrium power levels, compared with the unprimed case. C1 [Hoff, Brad W.] USAF, High Power Microwave Div, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Franzi, Matthew; Gilgenbach, Ronald M.; Lau, Y. Y.] Univ Michigan, Plasma Pulsed Power & Microwave Lab, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Hoff, BW (reprint author), USAF, High Power Microwave Div, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. FU (U.S.) Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-05-0087]; Air Force Research Laboratory; AFOSR MURI [FA9550-04-1-0369]; L-3 Communications Electron Devices Division; Northrop Grumman Corporation; Mission Research Corporation FX Manuscript received October 15, 2009; revised January 20, 2010; accepted March 1, 2010. Date of publication April 26, 2010; date of current version June 9, 2010. This work was supported in part by the (U.S.) Air Force Office of Scientific Research FA9550-05-0087, by the Air Force Research Laboratory, by the AFOSR MURI on Cathodes and Windows for HPM FA9550-04-1-0369, by L-3 Communications Electron Devices Division, and by Northrop Grumman Corporation.; The authors would like to thank the Mission Research Corporation for AFOSR support of the MAGIC Users Group and L.D. Ludeking and S. Humphries for the helpful discussions regarding MAGIC PIC and the Field Precision magnetostatics software, respectively. NR 25 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 38 IS 6 SI SI BP 1292 EP 1301 DI 10.1109/TPS.2010.2046186 PN 1 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 649JJ UT WOS:000281764600020 ER PT J AU Shiffler, D Luginsland, J French, DM Watrous, J AF Shiffler, Don Luginsland, John French, David M. Watrous, Jack TI A Cerenkov-like Maser Based on a Metamaterial Structure SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Electron devices; high power microwaves; metamaterials; vacuum electronic devices ID LOW-FREQUENCY PLASMONS; WAVE TUBE AMPLIFIER; ELECTRON-BEAM; HIGH-POWER; WAVELENGTHS AB Microwave and radio frequency (RF) sources have been a subject of intense research for nearly 100 years, with the advent of High-Power Microwave (HPM) sources based upon intense relativistic electron beams emerging in the 1970s. These sources act to transform kinetic energy in an electron beam into radiation through the interaction of the electrons with some form of external circuit. One form of HPM device, the Cerenkov maser, consists of a hollow cylinder loaded with a dielectric material. The dielectric forms a slow-wave structure with which the relativistic beam can interact. This paper considers a new design approach and interaction mechanism for a Cerenkov maser. For the first time, a dielectric Cerenkov maser formed using microwave metamaterials in the form of a concentric ring structure was considered in the study. The authors proposed that metamaterials provide a practical new opportunity for vacuum electron devices, opening the means for new sources operating in the RF and microwave to THz regimes. C1 [Shiffler, Don] USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Luginsland, John; Watrous, Jack] Numerex LLC, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [French, David M.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Shiffler, D (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX Manuscript received October 6, 2009; revised January 4, 2010; accepted February 19, 2010. Date of publication May 3, 2010; date of current version June 9, 2010. This work was supported in part by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 22 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 15 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 EI 1939-9375 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 38 IS 6 SI SI BP 1462 EP 1465 DI 10.1109/TPS.2010.2046914 PN 1 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 649JJ UT WOS:000281764600040 ER PT J AU Pan, Y Thomas, MU AF Pan, Yue Thomas, Marlin U. TI Repair and Replacement Decisions for Warranted Products Under Markov Deterioration SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON RELIABILITY LA English DT Article DE Deterioration; free repair warranty; minimal repair; multi-state; replacement ID PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE POLICIES; SYSTEMS AB An important problem in maintenance planning is the repair versus replacement problem which consists of a sequence of decision points over time, whereby decisions are made to repair or replace a machine based on its condition. This problem can be further complicated by prevailing failure characteristics, and costs. The failure modes for many machines are such that failure emerges through a series of deterioration levels rather than as an abrupt event. Zuo et al. [12] presented a policy for multistage deterioration for machines under warranty. This paper extends that work by treating a larger, more general state space with time parameters at each state. This approach allows for a more cost effective policy. We consider a piece of equipment, such as a production machine that is reviewed for repair verses replacement at various times. The machine is sold with a free repair warranty (FRW) policy. So if it fails during the warranty period, it is maintained at the expense of the manufacturer. Two kinds of repairs are adopted: minimal repair, and replacement. We assume that there is no form of maintenance provided between failures, and the manufacturer decides on the repair action to be taken once a failure and warranty claim is filed. The approach is to model the process as a continuous time Markov Chain. The state decision variables are based on the expected costs to the manufacturer for failures and repairs occurring during the warranty period. The criterion for an optimum policy is to minimize the expected total cost to the manufacturer during the warranty period. A development of the method is provided for the case of three functioning states. Under the policy, if a machine fails early in the warranty period, and it's deterioration before failure is large, it is economic to replace that machine with a new one. C1 [Pan, Yue] Purdue Univ, Dept Ind Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Pan, Yue] Purdue Univ, Sch Ind Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Thomas, Marlin U.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pan, Y (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Ind Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM ypan@purdue.edu; marlin.thomas@afit.edu NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 11 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9529 J9 IEEE T RELIAB JI IEEE Trans. Reliab. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 59 IS 2 BP 368 EP 373 DI 10.1109/TR.2010.2048731 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 607VO UT WOS:000278535600012 ER PT J AU Borghetti, BJ AF Borghetti, Brett J. TI The Environment Value of an Opponent Model SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS MAN AND CYBERNETICS PART B-CYBERNETICS LA English DT Article DE Equilibrium; game theory; multiagent systems; opponent model AB We develop an upper bound for the potential performance improvement of an agent using a best response to a model of an opponent instead of an uninformed game-theoretic equilibrium strategy. We show that the bound is a function of only the domain structure of an adversarial environment and does not depend on the actual actors in the environment. This bounds-finding technique will enable system designers to determine if and what type of opponent models would be profitable in a given adversarial environment. It also gives them a baseline value with which to compare performance of instantiated opponent models. We study this method in two domains: selecting intelligence collection priorities for convoy defense and determining the value of predicting enemy decisions in a simplified war game. C1 USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Borghetti, BJ (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM brett.borghetti@afit.edu NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1083-4419 J9 IEEE T SYST MAN CY B JI IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Part B-Cybern. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 40 IS 3 SI SI BP 623 EP 633 DI 10.1109/TSMCB.2009.2033703 PG 11 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA 597QO UT WOS:000277774700007 PM 19887320 ER PT J AU Wang, JZ Adachi, F Xia, XG AF Wang, Jiangzhou Adachi, Fumiyuki Xia, Xianggen TI COORDINATED AND DISTRIBUTED MIMO SO IEEE WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Wang, Jiangzhou] Univ Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Wang, Jiangzhou] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Wang, Jiangzhou] Southeast Univ, Nanjing, Peoples R China. [Adachi, Fumiyuki] Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Sendai, Miyagi 980, Japan. [Xia, Xianggen] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Xia, Xianggen] Univ Delaware, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Newark, DE USA. RP Wang, JZ (reprint author), Univ Kent, Broadband & Wireless Commun Grp, Canterbury CT2 7NZ, Kent, England. EM j.z.wang@kent.ac.uk NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1536-1284 J9 IEEE WIREL COMMUN JI IEEE Wirel. Commun. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 17 IS 3 BP 24 EP 25 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA 650QQ UT WOS:000281866300004 ER PT J AU Brown, LM McComb, JP Vangsness, MD Bowen, LL Mueller, SS Balster, LM Bleckmann, CA AF Brown, L. M. McComb, J. P. Vangsness, M. D. Bowen, L. L. Mueller, S. S. Balster, L. M. Bleckmann, C. A. TI Community dynamics and phylogenetics of bacteria fouling Jet A and JP-8 aviation fuel SO INTERNATIONAL BIODETERIORATION & BIODEGRADATION LA English DT Article DE Aviation fuel; JP-8; Jet A; Fuel fouling; Fuel degradation; Fuel microbiology; Microbial diversity; PCR; Phylogeny ID LIBRARIES; DIVERSITY; TANKS AB Aviation fuel and fuel systems support the proliferation of microorganisms. Fuel and fuel system fouling by microbes, and associated problems, have been reported since the 1960s. This study compares the community dynamics and phylogenetics of bacteria extracted from different types of aviation fuel, Jet A and JP-8, collected within the United States, and JP-8, collected abroad, in order to determine if bacterial communities differ between fuels and locations. Clone libraries containing 16S rDNA sequences of bacteria collected from Jet A and JP-8 fuel located within the U.S. were compared and results showed significant differences in the phylogenetic structure of each community. Both bacterial communities from fuel collected within the U.S. (Jet A and JP-8) were also shown to be significantly different (P<0.05) from the bacterial community collected in JP-8 abroad. Results demonstrate that the survival and proliferation of bacteria in hydrocarbon sources is dependent on a variety of influences, including type of fuel and geographic location. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [McComb, J. P.; Bleckmann, C. A.] USAF, Dept Syst & Engn Management, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Brown, L. M.; Vangsness, M. D.; Bowen, L. L.; Mueller, S. S.; Balster, L. M.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Bleckmann, CA (reprint author), USAF, Dept Syst & Engn Management, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Charles.Bleckmann@afit.edu FU U.S. Air Force, AFRL/RZPF, Wright Patterson AFB [F33615-03-2-2347] FX We gratefully acknowledge funding from the U.S. Air Force, AFRL/RZPF, Wright Patterson AFB, under contract number F33615-03-2-2347, with Ms. Ellen Strobel serving as the technical monitor and Mr. Robert Morris serving at the contract monitor. The U.S. government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for governmental purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation thereon. The view and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements, either expressed or NR 29 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-8305 J9 INT BIODETER BIODEGR JI Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 64 IS 3 BP 253 EP 261 DI 10.1016/j.ibiod.2010.01.008 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 595UC UT WOS:000277637700013 ER PT J AU Di Trapani, LJ Inanc, T AF Di Trapani, Lyall Jonathan Inanc, Tamer TI NTGSIM: A GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE AND A 3D SIMULATOR FOR NONLINEAR TRAJECTORY GENERATION METHODOLOGY SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE trajectory generation; optimal control; Java; GUI AB Nonlinear Trajectory Generation (NTG), developed by Mark Milam, is a software algorithm used to generate trajectories of constrained nonlinear systems in real-time. The goal of this paper is to present an approach to make NTG more user-friendly. To accomplish this, we have programmed a Graphical User Interface (GUI) in Java, using object oriented design, which wraps the NTG software and allows the user to quickly and efficiently alter the parameters of NTG. This new program, called NTGsim, eliminates the need to reprogram the NTG algorithm explicitly each time the user wishes to change a parameter. C1 [Di Trapani, Lyall Jonathan] Davis Monthan AFB, AF 12, Tucson, AZ USA. [Inanc, Tamer] Univ Louisville, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. RP Di Trapani, LJ (reprint author), Davis Monthan AFB, AF 12, 6901 E Broadway Blvd, Tucson, AZ USA. EM lyall.ditrapani@dm.af.mil; t.inanc@louisville.edu NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV ZIELONA GORA PRESS PI ZIELONA GORA PA UL PODGORNA 50, ZIELONA GORA, 65-246, POLAND SN 1641-876X J9 INT J AP MAT COM-POL JI Int. J. Appl. Math. Comput. Sci. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 20 IS 2 BP 305 EP 316 DI 10.2478/v10006-010-0023-5 PG 12 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Mathematics, Applied SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Mathematics GA 625UA UT WOS:000279919600008 ER PT J AU Trohalaki, S Pachter, R AF Trohalaki, Steven Pachter, Ruth TI Mechanism of hydrogen production in [Fe-Fe]-hydrogenases: A quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics study SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY LA English DT Article DE All-iron hydrogenase; QM/MM; Hydrogenase mechanism; Hydrogen production ID FE-ONLY HYDROGENASES; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; ACTIVE-SITE; DESULFOVIBRIO-DESULFURICANS; METHANE MONOOXYGENASE; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; DIOXYGEN ACTIVATION; CATALYTIC MECHANISM; REDOX STATE; H-CLUSTER AB [Fe-Fe]-hydrogenases are a class of metalloenzymes that catalyze the production of H(2) from two protons and two electrons. Crystal structures for [Fe Fe]-hydrogenases found in two species Clostridium pasteurianum (CpI) and Desulfovibrio desulfuricans (DdH) - show very similar active sites. However, the catalytic mechanism has not as yet been fully clarified. We employed density functional theory (DFT) within a QM/MM method to investigate proposed mechanisms of hydrogen production by DdH and CpI hydrogenases and their dependence on the protein environment of the active sites. For each mechanism investigated, we found only minor differences between the CpI and DdH hydrogenases in terms of the intermediate active site structures, although one mechanism follows a lower energy path for DdH hydrogenase, while the other mechanism follows a lower energy path for the CpI hydrogenase. We note, however, that the high activation energy we calculated for a step unique to one of the mechanisms might preclude it, making the energy-path comparison for the two mechanisms unnecessary. (C) 2010 Professor T. Nejat Veziroglu. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Trohalaki, Steven; Pachter, Ruth] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Trohalaki, Steven] Gen Dynam Informat Technol Inc, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. RP Trohalaki, S (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM steven.trohalaki@wpafb.af.mil; ruth.pachter@wpafb.af.mil FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX This work was funded by the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research. Calculations were performed with facilities provided by the Air Force Research Laboratory Department of Defense Supercomputing Resource Center. NR 64 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3199 J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy PD JUN PY 2010 VL 35 IS 11 SI SI BP 5318 EP 5331 DI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2010.03.020 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA 613GR UT WOS:000278967900019 ER PT J AU La Shell, MS Calabria, CW Quinn, JM AF La Shell, Mark S. Calabria, Christopher W. Quinn, James M. TI Imported fire ant field reaction and immunotherapy safety characteristics: The IFACS study SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ant; insect; sting; immunotherapy; safety; risk factors; systemic reactions; anaphylaxis; skin test ID WHOLE-BODY EXTRACTS; CONVERTING ENZYME-INHIBITORS; SOLENOPSIS-INVICTA; VENOM IMMUNOTHERAPY; SYSTEMIC REACTIONS; HYMENOPTERA VENOM; FATAL ANAPHYLAXIS; RISK-FACTORS; STINGS; HYPERSENSITIVITY AB Background: Imported fire ants (IFAs) are endemic in the southeastern United States, including Texas; can sting multiple times; and are a well-known cause of anaphylaxis. There are few data available on how many stings typically lead to systemic reactions (SRs). Likewise, there are no reports currently in the literature that characterize the safety of IFA subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT). Objective: We sought to analyze a case-cohort sample of patients for IFA SCIT risk factors and to characterize the index field reactions of these patients. Methods: A case-cohort study based on a 3-year retrospective chart review (2005-2008) at a single institution was performed for patients receiving IFA SCIT. Field reactions leading to initiation of IFA SCIT were also reviewed. Results: Seventy-seven patients (40 female patients; mean age, 34 years) received 1,887 injections, and 7 patients experienced 8 SRs, for a rate of 0.4% per injection and 9.1% per patient. SRs were mild. Having an SR to skin testing was associated with increased odds of having an SR to IFA SCIT (odds ratio, 4.75; 95% CI, 1.13-20.0), as were large local reactions (odds ratio, 34.5; 95% CI, 6.52-182). No other risk factors were identified. Of the index field reactions leading to IFA SCIT, 59% were the result of I sting, and 87% of subjects experienced only 1 SR before initiation of IFA SCIT. Two of 4 patients who experienced loss of consciousness during the index field reaction required an increased maintenance dose for optimal response. Conclusions: IFA SCIT is safe; however, having an SR to skin testing or the presence of large local reactions increases the odds of having an SR to IFA SCIT. The majority of SRs to IFA field stings resulted from 1 sting. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010;125:1294-9.) C1 [La Shell, Mark S.] David Grant USAF Med Ctr, Dept Allergy & Immunol, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. [Calabria, Christopher W.; Quinn, James M.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Allergy & Immunol, Lackland AFB, TX USA. RP La Shell, MS (reprint author), David Grant USAF Med Ctr, Dept Allergy & Immunol, 101 Bodin Circle, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. EM marklashell@gmail.com NR 39 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 125 IS 6 BP 1294 EP 1299 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.02.041 PG 6 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 611PH UT WOS:000278831000017 PM 20451988 ER PT J AU Waibel, KH Gomez, R AF Waibel, Kirk H. Gomez, Robert TI Ovalbumin content of influenza vaccines Reply SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 [Waibel, Kirk H.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Allergy Immunol Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Gomez, Robert] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Med, Allergy Immunol Clin, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Waibel, KH (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Allergy Immunol Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM kirk.waibel@amedd.army.mil NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 125 IS 6 BP 1413 EP 1414 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.03.011 PG 2 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 611PH UT WOS:000278831000043 ER PT J AU Chaure, NB Basova, T Zahedi, M Ray, AK Sharma, AK Durmus, M Ahsen, V AF Chaure, Nandu B. Basova, Tamara Zahedi, Marjan Ray, Asim K. Sharma, Ashwani K. Durmus, Mahmut Ahsen, Vefa TI Solution processed tetrasubstituted zinc phthalocyanine as an active layer in organic field effect transistors SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE carrier mobility; organic compounds; organic field effect transistors; semiconductor thin films ID DISCOTIC LIQUID-CRYSTAL; THIN-FILM TRANSISTORS; SUBSTITUTED PHTHALOCYANINES; SEMICONDUCTORS; MOBILITY AB Spun films of liquid crystalline peripheral-tetrasubstituted zinc (II) phthalocyanine (Pc) derivatives have been employed as active organic semiconducting layers in the fabrication of organic field effect transistors. The Pc molecules in the thin film formulation are stacked perpendicular to the substrate. Values of 1.8x10(-4) cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) and 10(3) were estimated for the field-effect mobility and on/off ratio, respectively, from the hysteresis-free transistor characteristics. The transistor can be switched on and off at a relatively low value of 3.7 V for threshold voltage. The carrier transport is believed to be largely determined by the multidomain Pc film structure. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3428386] C1 [Chaure, Nandu B.] Univ Pune, Dept Phys, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India. [Durmus, Mahmut; Ahsen, Vefa] Gebze Inst Technol, Dept Chem, TR-41400 Gebze, Turkey. [Basova, Tamara] Nikolaev Inst Inorgan Chem, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. [Zahedi, Marjan; Ray, Asim K.] Brunel Univ, Wolfson Ctr Mat Proc, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. [Sharma, Ashwani K.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Se Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Chaure, NB (reprint author), Univ Pune, Dept Phys, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India. EM asim.ray@brunel.ac.uk FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Air Force Material Command, USAF [FA8655-08-1-3034] FX This work is sponsored by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Air Force Material Command, USAF, under Grant No. FA8655-08-1-3034. The experimental work was carried out at Queen Mary, University of London, U.K. NR 28 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 37 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2010 VL 107 IS 11 AR 114503 DI 10.1063/1.3428386 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 612NU UT WOS:000278907100148 ER PT J AU Drummy, LF Apt, S Shiffler, D Golby, K LaCour, M Maruyama, B Vaia, RA AF Drummy, Lawrence F. Apt, Scott Shiffler, Don Golby, Ken LaCour, Matt Maruyama, Benji Vaia, Richard A. TI Nanostructural evolution during emission of CsI-coated carbon fiber cathodes SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE caesium compounds; carbon fibres; cathodes; electron field emission; fast Fourier transforms; low energy electron diffraction; nanofibres; Raman spectra; scanning-transmission electron microscopy; transmission electron microscopy; work function; X-ray chemical analysis ID PLASMA FORMATION; CESIUM; TEM AB Carbon-based nanofiber and microfiber cathodes exhibit very low voltages for the onset of electron emission, and thus provide exciting opportunities for applications ranging from high power microwave sources to field emission displays. CsI coatings have been experimentally shown to lower the work function for emission from the fiber tips, although little is known about the microstructure of the fibers themselves in their as-received state, after coating with CsI, or after being subjected to high voltage cycling. Longitudinal cross sections of the original, unused CsI-coated fibers produced by focused ion beam lift-out revealed a nanostructured graphitic core surrounded by an amorphous carbon shell with submicron sized islands of crystalline CsI on the outer surface. Aberration-corrected high resolution electron microscopy (HREM) of the fiber core achieved 0.10 nm resolution, with the graphite (200) clearly visible in digital fast Fourier transformations of the 2-4 nm highly ordered graphitic domains. As the cathode fibers are cycled at high voltage, HREM demonstrates that the graphitic ordering of the core increases with the number of cycles, however the structure and thickness of the amorphous carbon layer remains unchanged. These results are consistent with micro-Raman measurements of the fiber disordered/graphitic (D/G) band ratios. After high voltage cycling, a uniform similar to 100 nm film at the fiber tip was evident in both bright field transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high angle annular dark field scanning TEM (STEM). Low-dose electron diffraction techniques confirmed the amorphous nature of this film, and STEM with elemental mapping via x-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy indicates this layer is composed of CsIO. The oxidative evolution of tip composition and morphology due to impurities in the chamber, along with increased graphitization of the fiber core, contributes to changes in emission behavior with cycling. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3428463] C1 [Drummy, Lawrence F.; Apt, Scott; Maruyama, Benji; Vaia, Richard A.] USAF, ARFL RXBN, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 43433 USA. [Drummy, Lawrence F.; Apt, Scott] Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Shiffler, Don] USAF, AFRL RDH, Directed Energy Directorate, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Golby, Ken; LaCour, Matt] SAIC Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Drummy, LF (reprint author), USAF, ARFL RXBN, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 43433 USA. EM lawrence.drummy@wpafb.af.mil RI Maruyama, Benji/E-3634-2010 FU AFOSR; AFRL/RX; AFRL/RD FX The authors thank Gary Price for assistance with scanning electron microscopy. We thank Frank Scheltens, Bob Wheeler, Dane Morgan, Vasilios Vlahos, and Tim Knowles for helpful discussions. This work is supported by AFOSR, AFRL/RX and AFRL/RD. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2010 VL 107 IS 11 AR 113304 DI 10.1063/1.3428463 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 612NU UT WOS:000278907100017 ER PT J AU Dunckle, CG Altfeder, IB Voevodin, AA Jones, J Krim, J Taborek, P AF Dunckle, C. G. Altfeder, I. B. Voevodin, A. A. Jones, J. Krim, J. Taborek, P. TI Temperature dependence of single-asperity friction for a diamond on diamondlike carbon interface SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE atomic force microscopy; diamond; diamond-like carbon; friction; hysteresis ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPE; ULTRAHIGH-VACUUM; FILMS; NANOTRIBOLOGY; SURFACES; SOLIDS AB A variable temperature, ultrahigh vacuum atomic force microscope (AFM) was used to characterize interfacial friction for a single-asperity diamond contact on a diamondlike carbon (DLC) substrate over a nominal substrate temperature range of 90 to 275 K. Calibrated friction force measurements were obtained by analyzing lateral force hysteresis loops as a function of normal force. For sufficiently large normal forces, the lateral force was proportional to the normal force, and a friction coefficient mu could be identified. mu varied approximately linearly with substrate temperature, with mu=0.28 at T=90 K and mu=0.38 at 275 K. These results are compared to other recent variable temperature AFM friction measurements and to theoretical calculations based on the Tomlinson model. This comparison is obscured by large, experimentally uncontrolled temperature differences between the tip and the substrate which inevitably exist in conventional, variable temperature AFMs. A thermal model which can be used to quantitatively estimate these temperature differences is presented. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3436564] C1 [Dunckle, C. G.; Taborek, P.] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Altfeder, I. B.; Voevodin, A. A.; Jones, J.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, RXBT, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Krim, J.] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Dunckle, CG (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM cdunckle@uci.edu RI Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013 FU AFOSR MURI [FA9550-04-1-0381] FX This work has been supported by AFOSR MURI under Grant No. FA9550-04-1-0381. NR 48 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2010 VL 107 IS 11 AR 114903 DI 10.1063/1.3436564 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 612NU UT WOS:000278907100169 ER PT J AU Swinney, MW McClory, JW Petrosky, JC Yang, S Brant, AT Adamiv, VT Burak, YV Dowben, PA Halliburton, LE AF Swinney, M. W. McClory, J. W. Petrosky, J. C. Yang, Shan Brant, A. T. Adamiv, V. T. Burak, Ya. V. Dowben, P. A. Halliburton, L. E. TI Identification of electron and hole traps in lithium tetraborate (Li2B4O7) crystals: Oxygen vacancies and lithium vacancies SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE ceramics; electron traps; ENDOR; hole traps; hyperfine interactions; impurity states; lithium compounds; paramagnetic resonance; vacancies (crystal); X-ray effects ID NONLINEAR-OPTICAL PROPERTIES; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; PARAMAGNETIC-RESONANCE; TEMPERATURE-RANGE; CENTERS; SIO2; EPR; GENERATION; LI2O.2B2O3; PARAMETERS AB Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and electron-nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) are used to identify and characterize electrons trapped by oxygen vacancies and holes trapped by lithium vacancies in lithium tetraborate (Li2B4O7) crystals. Our study includes a crystal with the natural abundances of B-10 and B-11 and a crystal highly enriched with B-10. The as-grown crystals contain isolated oxygen vacancies, lithium vacancies, and copper impurities, all in nonparamagnetic charge states. During an irradiation at 77 K with 60 kV x-rays, doubly ionized oxygen vacancies trap electrons while singly ionized lithium vacancies and monovalent copper impurities trap holes. The vacancies return to their preirradiation charge states when the temperature of the sample is increased to approximately 90 K. Hyperfine interactions with B-10 and B-11 nuclei, observed between 13 and 40 K in the radiation-induced EPR and ENDOR spectra, provide models for the two vacancy-related defects. The electron trapped by an oxygen vacancy is localized primarily on only one of the two neighboring boron ions while the hole stabilized by a lithium vacancy is localized on a neighboring oxygen ion with nearly equal interactions with the two boron ions adjacent to the oxygen ion. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3392802] C1 [Swinney, M. W.; McClory, J. W.; Petrosky, J. C.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Yang, Shan; Brant, A. T.; Halliburton, L. E.] W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Adamiv, V. T.; Burak, Ya. V.] Inst Phys Opt, UA-79005 Lvov, Ukraine. [Dowben, P. A.] Univ Nebraska, Nebraska Ctr Mat & Nanosci, Dept Phys & Astron, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. RP McClory, JW (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM john.mcclory@afit.edu RI Yang, Shan /F-5020-2012; OI McClory, John/0000-0002-4303-2729 FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency [HDTRA1-07-1-0008, BRBAA08-I-2-0128]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0804352] FX This work was supported at the Air Force Institute of Technology by Grant Nos. HDTRA1-07-1-0008 and BRBAA08-I-2-0128 from the Defense Threat Reduction Agency and at West Virginia University by Grant No. DMR-0804352 from the National Science Foundation. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Air Force, the Department of Defense, or the United States Government. NR 37 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2010 VL 107 IS 11 AR 113715 DI 10.1063/1.3392802 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 612NU UT WOS:000278907100078 ER PT J AU Woodward, C Asta, M Trinkle, DR Lill, J Angioletti-Uberti, S AF Woodward, Christopher Asta, Mark Trinkle, Dallas R. Lill, James Angioletti-Uberti, Stefano TI Ab initio simulations of molten Ni alloys SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE ab initio calculations; diffusion; liquid metals; molecular dynamics method; nickel alloys; solidification ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; LIQUID NI; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; BINARY-ALLOYS; AL ALLOYS; DENSITIES; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; SUPERALLOYS; TRANSITION; DIFFUSION AB Convective instabilities responsible for misoriented grains in directionally solidified turbine airfoils are produced by variations in liquid-metal density with composition and temperature across the solidification zone. Here, fundamental properties of molten Ni-based alloys, required for modeling these instabilities, are calculated using ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. Equations of state are derived from constant number-volume-temperature ensembles at 1830 and 1750 K for elemental, binary (Ni-X, X=Al, W, Re, and Ta) and ternary (Ni-Al-X, X=W, Re, and Ta) Ni alloys. Calculated molar volumes agree to within 0.6%-1.8% of available measurements. Predictions are used to investigate the range of accuracy of a parameterization of molar volumes with composition and temperature based on measurements of binary alloys. Structural analysis reveals a pronounced tendency for icosahedral short-range order for Ni-W and Ni-Re alloys and the calculations provide estimates of diffusion rates and their dependence on compositions and temperature. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3437644] C1 [Woodward, Christopher] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Asta, Mark] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Asta, Mark] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Trinkle, Dallas R.] Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Lill, James] High Performance Technol Inc, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Angioletti-Uberti, Stefano] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Mat, London SW7 2BP, England. RP Woodward, C (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM christopher.woodward@wpafb.af.mil RI Trinkle, Dallas/E-6609-2010 FU DoD at the Air Force Research Laboratory DoD Supercomputing Research Center (AFRL-DSRC); Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX This research was supported in part by a grant of computer time from the DoD High Performance Computing Modernization Program at the Air Force Research Laboratory DoD Supercomputing Research Center (AFRL-DSRC). MA and DRT were supported in part with a grant from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under the Materials Engineering for Affordable New Systems (MEANS-II) program. The authors gratefully acknowledge insightful discussions with T. Pollock, P. Voorhees, O. Senkov, and S. H. Davis, and the technical assistance provided by S. Kajihara at the AFRL-DSRC. NR 37 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2010 VL 107 IS 11 AR 113522 DI 10.1063/1.3437644 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 612NU UT WOS:000278907100045 ER PT J AU Martinez, O Avella, M Hortelano, V Jimenez, J Lynch, C Bliss, D AF Martinez, O. Avella, M. Hortelano, V. Jimenez, J. Lynch, C. Bliss, D. TI Cathodoluminescence Study of Orientation-Patterned GaAs Crystals for Nonlinear Optics SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Defects - Recognition, Imaging and Physics in Semiconductors (DRIP XIII) CY SEP 13-17, 2009 CL Oglebay, WV SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, FEI, Semilab, Quantum Focus, Off Naval Res, Air Force Off Sci Res, Army Res Off DE GaAs; nonlinear optics; quasi phase matching; orientation-patterned crystals; cathodoluminescence; antiphase boundaries ID BULK GAAS; THICK; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; COMPENSATION; GROWTH AB Orientation-patterned (OP) GaAs crystals are very promising for their use in nonlinear optical applications. In particular, mid-infrared and terahertz lasers can be generated by frequency conversion from shorter-wavelength sources. However, the quality of the crystals is crucial for high conversion efficiency, as the presence of defects with electrooptical signatures can contribute to optical losses. The study of these defects is a step toward the improvement of OP-GaAs crystals. We present here a spectroscopic cathodoluminescence study of the distribution of the main defects. Tentative relations between defects and the optical propagation losses are discussed. C1 [Martinez, O.; Avella, M.; Hortelano, V.; Jimenez, J.] Univ Valladolid, Dept Fis Mat Condensada, Optronlab Grp, Ctr ID, E-47011 Valladolid, Spain. [Lynch, C.; Bliss, D.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Martinez, O (reprint author), Univ Valladolid, Dept Fis Mat Condensada, Optronlab Grp, Ctr ID, Paseo Belen 1, E-47011 Valladolid, Spain. EM oscar@fmc.uva.es RI Schaff, William/B-5839-2009; Martinez, Oscar/M-1441-2014 OI Martinez, Oscar/0000-0002-2283-0350 NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 39 IS 6 BP 805 EP 810 DI 10.1007/s11664-010-1106-7 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 596UW UT WOS:000277712000037 ER PT J AU Williams, JB Mehta, SG Vu, T Wonderlich, DA McDermott, DM AF Williams, Justin B. Mehta, Sumeru G. Vu, Tim Wonderlich, David A. McDermott, Dustin M. TI GALLSTONE ILEUS SO JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article C1 [Williams, Justin B.; Mehta, Sumeru G.] San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium, Emergency Med Residency Program, Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium, Emergency Med Residency Program, Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX USA. RP Williams, JB (reprint author), MCHE EMR, SAUSHEC Emergency Med Residency Brooke Army Med C, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0736-4679 J9 J EMERG MED JI J. Emerg. Med. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 38 IS 5 BP 658 EP 660 DI 10.1016/j.jemermed.2007.11.063 PG 3 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 610NH UT WOS:000278739200021 PM 18571359 ER PT J AU Matthews, G Warm, JS Reinerman-Jones, LE Langheim, LK Washburn, DA Tripp, L AF Matthews, Gerald Warm, Joel S. Reinerman-Jones, Lauren E. Langheim, Lisa K. Washburn, David A. Tripp, Lloyd TI Task Engagement, Cerebral Blood Flow Velocity, and Diagnostic Monitoring for Sustained Attention SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-APPLIED LA English DT Article DE task engagement; energy; attention; cerebral bloodflow; vigilance ID TRANSCRANIAL DOPPLER SONOGRAPHY; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; WORKING-MEMORY; MULTIPLE RESOURCES; MENTAL WORKLOAD; PERFORMANCE; VIGILANCE; STRESS; AUTOMATION; SYSTEM AB Loss of vigilance may lead to impaired performance in various applied settings including military operations, transportation, and industrial inspection. Individuals differ considerably in sustained attention, but individual differences in vigilance have proven to be hard to predict. The dependence of vigilance on workload factors is consistent with a resource model of sustained attention. Thus, measures of attentional resource availability may predict the operator's subsequent vigilance performance. In this study, we investigated whether a diagnostic battery of measures of response to a cognitive challenge would predict subsequent sustained attention. Measures that may relate to the mobilization of resources in response to task demands include subjective task engagement and coping, and a novel psychophysiological index, cerebral bloodflow velocity (CBFV). A two-phase design was used. First, participants were exposed to a challenging battery of short tasks that elevated CBFV. Second, participants performed a 36-min vigilance task. Two subgroups of participants performed either a sensory vigilance (N = 187) or a cognitive vigilance (N = 107) task. Measures of task engagement, coping. and CBFV response to the short task battery were compared as predictors of subsequent vigilance. Both subjective and CBFV indices of energization predicted sensory and cognitive vigilance, consistent with resource theory. Structural equation modeling was used to develop a latent factor model of influences on sustained attention. It is concluded that measures of resources, conceptualized as multiple energization processes, are potentially useful for diagnostic monitoring in applied settings. Use of a diagnostic task battery in military and transportation settings is discussed, along with some potential limitations on validity of the diagnostic test. C1 [Matthews, Gerald] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Psychol, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Warm, Joel S.; Tripp, Lloyd] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Reinerman-Jones, Lauren E.] Univ Cent Florida, Inst Simulat & Training, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Langheim, Lisa K.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Psychol, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Washburn, David A.] Georgia State Univ, Dept Psychol, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. RP Matthews, G (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Psychol, 429 Dyer Hall, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM gerald.matthews@uc.edu NR 100 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 4 U2 23 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 1076-898X J9 J EXP PSYCHOL-APPL JI J. Exp. Psychol.-Appl. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 16 IS 2 BP 187 EP 203 DI 10.1037/a0019572 PG 17 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA 614AB UT WOS:000279026000007 PM 20565203 ER PT J AU Aleman, RE Zhang, XH Hill, RR AF Aleman, Rafael E. Zhang, Xinhui Hill, Raymond R. TI An adaptive memory algorithm for the split delivery vehicle routing problem SO JOURNAL OF HEURISTICS LA English DT Article DE Adaptive memory; Vehicle routing; Split delivery; Route angle control; Heuristic; Variable neighborhood descent ID VARIABLE NEIGHBORHOOD SEARCH; GRID NETWORK DISTANCES; TIME WINDOWS; DISPATCHING PROBLEM; SCHEDULING PROBLEM; DEPOT AB The split delivery vehicle routing problem (SDVRP) relaxes routing restrictions forcing unique deliveries to customers and allows multiple vehicles to satisfy customer demand. Split deliveries are used to reduce total fleet cost to meet those customer demands. We provide a detailed survey of the SDVRP literature and define a new constructive algorithm for the SDVRP based on a novel concept called the route angle control measure. We extend this constructive approach to an iterative approach using adaptive memory concepts, and then add a variable neighborhood descent process. These three new approaches are compared to exact and heuristic approaches by solving the available SDVRP benchmark problem sets. Our approaches are found to compare favorably with existing approaches and we find 16 new best solutions for a recent 21 problem benchmark set. C1 [Hill, Raymond R.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Aleman, Rafael E.; Zhang, Xinhui] Wright State Univ, BIE Dept, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Hill, RR (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM rafael.enrique.aleman@gmail.com; xinhui.zhang@wright.edu; rayrhill@gmail.com NR 37 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1381-1231 J9 J HEURISTICS JI J. Heuristics PD JUN PY 2010 VL 16 IS 3 SI SI BP 441 EP 473 DI 10.1007/s10732-008-9101-3 PG 33 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 586KZ UT WOS:000276908400011 ER PT J AU Zagrai, A Doyle, D Gigineishvili, V Brown, J Gardenier, H Arritt, B AF Zagrai, Andrei Doyle, Derek Gigineishvili, Vlasi Brown, Jacob Gardenier, Hugh Arritt, Brandon TI Piezoelectric Wafer Active Sensor Structural Health Monitoring of Space Structures SO JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT MATERIAL SYSTEMS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE structural health monitoring; piezoelectric; embedded intelligence ID STRAIN-MEASUREMENT; ACOUSTIC-EMISSION; DAMAGE DETECTION; ALUMINUM JOINTS; SYSTEM AB Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) is a valuable tool for in-service assessment of structural condition. Despite a broad use in many engineering fields, SHM has seen limited application in space systems. This article explores specifics of SHM applied to space systems and satellites in particular. It is suggested that SHM may be considered for aiding rapid assembly of spacecraft components, monitoring system dynamics during launch, and model updating from an assessment of in-service variation of structural properties. The article presents a discussion of factors affecting realization of the SHM system for spacecraft and provides recommendations for the system configuration and its practical use. The SHM system design based on a network of piezoelectric active sensors is considered. System operation focuses on SHM of improperly tightened bolts, assessment of adhesive bonds, and embedded material characterization techniques. Synergistic use of the same hardware for acoustoelastic, non-linear acoustic, and material characterization methods is recommended, and further system integration options are proposed. C1 [Zagrai, Andrei; Gigineishvili, Vlasi; Brown, Jacob] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Mech Engn, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Doyle, Derek; Brown, Jacob; Gardenier, Hugh; Arritt, Brandon] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Zagrai, A (reprint author), New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Mech Engn, 801 Leroy Pl,124 Weir Hall, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. EM azagrai@nmt.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The authors would like to acknowledge the Air Force Office of Scientific Research for supporting this research. NR 52 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 12 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1045-389X EI 1530-8138 J9 J INTEL MAT SYST STR JI J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 21 IS 9 BP 921 EP 940 DI 10.1177/1045389X10369850 PG 20 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 603BS UT WOS:000278183500006 ER PT J AU Jupelli, M Selby, DM Guentzel, MN Chambers, JP Forsthuber, TG Zhong, GM Murthy, AK Arulanandam, BP AF Jupelli, Madhulika Selby, Dale M. Guentzel, M. Neal Chambers, James P. Forsthuber, Thomas G. Zhong, Guangming Murthy, Ashlesh K. Arulanandam, Bernard P. TI The Contribution of Interleukin-12/Interferon-gamma Axis in Protection Against Neonatal Pulmonary Chlamydia muridarum Challenge SO JOURNAL OF INTERFERON AND CYTOKINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ENDOGENOUS GAMMA-INTERFERON; TRACHOMATIS INFECTION; CHEMOKINE EXPRESSION; PNEUMONIAE INFECTION; DEFICIENT MICE; KNOCKOUT MICE; INTERLEUKIN-12; RECRUITMENT; PATHOLOGY; IMMUNITY AB Neonatal Chlamydia trachomatis pneumonia has been associated with respiratory sequelae in later life. We recently established a mouse model of neonatal pulmonary Chlamydia muridaum infection and found an important contribution of IFN-gamma to protective immunity. In this study, we further characterized the role of Th1-type cytokines; IL-12, IFN-gamma, and IFN-gamma signaling using mice genetically deficient in IL-12, IFN-gamma, or IFN-gamma receptor 1. All 3 knockout (KO) mice challenged intranasally with C. muridarum 1 day after birth exhibited 100% mortality by day 17 post-challenge whereas wild-type (WT) animals survived the monitoring period of 1 month. The KO mice exhibited greater lung bacterial burdens and enhanced dissemination to the liver, compared to WT animals. The inflammatory cellular infiltration in C. muridarum-challenged KO animals was significantly reduced in the lungs, but markedly enhanced in the livers of the KO mice compared to similarly challenged WT mice. It was also found that a deficiency in IL-12 or IFN-gamma resulted in correspondingly reduced IFN-gamma or IL-12 production, respectively, suggesting an intricate interdependence in the induction of these cytokines. Collectively, these results suggest that the IL-12/ IFN-gamma axis induces pulmonary cellular infiltration, induces bacterial clearance from the lung, reduces dissemination to other organs, and promotes the survival of the host during neonatal pulmonary chlamydial infection. C1 [Jupelli, Madhulika; Guentzel, M. Neal; Chambers, James P.; Forsthuber, Thomas G.; Murthy, Ashlesh K.; Arulanandam, Bernard P.] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Biol, S Texas Ctr Emerging Infect Dis, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. [Zhong, Guangming] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. [Selby, Dale M.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Arulanandam, BP (reprint author), Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Biol, S Texas Ctr Emerging Infect Dis, 1 UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. EM Bernard.arulanandam@utsa.edu RI Arulanandam, Bernard/O-9501-2014 FU National Institutes of Health [1 R01 AI074860] FX We thank Ms. Heather Ray and Bharat K. Chaganty (University of Texas San Antonio) for technical assistance. This work is supported by National Institutes of Health Grants No. 1 R01 AI074860. NR 30 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1079-9907 J9 J INTERF CYTOK RES JI J. Interferon Cytokine Res. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 30 IS 6 BP 407 EP 415 DI 10.1089/jir.2009.0083 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Immunology GA 609OW UT WOS:000278667400005 PM 20187773 ER PT J AU Lee, HJ Owens, JR AF Lee, Hoon Joo Owens, Jeffery R. TI Design of superhydrophobic ultraoleophobic NyCo SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID COTTON TEXTILES; SURFACES; WATER AB The apparent contact angles of dodecane droplets deposited on a 50:50 nylon:cotton blended woven fabric (NyCo) were measured, and the characteristics required for an ultraoleophobic surface were described. The metastable Cassie-Baxter model, a transition status from the original Cassie-Baxter model to the Wenzel model, was investigated to design ultraoleophobic surfaces and to understand the wetting behavior of such surfaces. Using chemical and geometrical modifications of NyCo, a surface having contact angles to dodecane of greater than 150A degrees and water contact angles of greater than 165A degrees has been prepared. Good agreement between the predicted and measured contact angles was obtained. Developing a superhydrophobic ultraoleophobic material has been achieved by two criteria: a low-surface-energy and a properly designed surface morphology. C1 [Lee, Hoon Joo] N Carolina State Univ, Coll Text, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Owens, Jeffery R.] USAF, Res Lab, RXQL, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. RP Lee, HJ (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Coll Text, 2401 Res Dr, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM hoonjoo_lee@ncsu.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-07-1-5903]; US Army Natick Soldier Research Development and Engineering Center (NSRDEC); Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) FX This material is based on research sponsored by Air Force Research Laboratory under agreement number FA8650-07-1-5903. The U.S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Governmental purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation thereon. The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements, either expressed or implied, of Air Force Research Laboratory or the U. S. Government. We appreciate support by US Army Natick Soldier Research Development and Engineering Center (NSRDEC) and Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA). NR 20 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 45 IS 12 BP 3247 EP 3253 DI 10.1007/s10853-010-4332-8 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 582PD UT WOS:000276609000014 ER PT J AU Sahu, S Sharma, AK Cook, MJ Ray, AK AF Sahu, Satyajit Sharma, Ashwani K. Cook, Michael J. Ray, Asim K. TI Negative differential resistance effects in spun films of substituted phthalocyanine derivatives SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE-MATERIALS IN ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILM; MEMORY; ELECTRONICS; SYSTEMS; DEVICES AB Spun films of novel substituted lead phthalocyanine derivatives between aluminum and indium tin oxide electrodes exhibit large, reproducible negative differential resistance (NDR) in their current-voltage characteristics and can be electrically switched between a high conductance on state and a low conductance off state. Space charge limited conduction mechanism was identified from temperature dependent measurements to be responsible for charge transport. The NDR effect may be due to the charge storage in the structure near the electrodes. C1 [Ray, Asim K.] Univ London, Dept Mat, London E1 4NS, England. [Sharma, Ashwani K.] USAF, Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. [Sahu, Satyajit] Indian Assoc Cultivat Sci, Dept Solid State Phys, Kolkata 700032, India. [Cook, Michael J.] Univ E Anglia, Sch Chem Sci & Pharm, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. RP Ray, AK (reprint author), Univ London, Dept Mat, London E1 4NS, England. EM a.k.ray@qmul.ac.uk FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Air Force Material Command, USAF [FA8655-03-1-3070] FX This work is sponsored by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Air Force Material Command, USAF, under grant number FA8655-03-1-3070. The US Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Government purpose notwithstanding any copyright notation thereon. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0957-4522 EI 1573-482X J9 J MATER SCI-MATER EL JI J. Mater. Sci.-Mater. Electron. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 21 IS 6 BP 567 EP 570 DI 10.1007/s10854-009-9958-4 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 592XL UT WOS:000277415100006 ER PT J AU Kelly, TF Banks, SB Miller, LA AF Kelly, Thomas F. Banks, Shane B. Miller, Lee A. TI Straightforward Management of a Large Pediatric Scalp Degloving Injury in a Combat Zone SO JOURNAL OF ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY LA English DT Article ID BONE C1 [Kelly, Thomas F.] David Grant Med Ctr, Dept Oral & Maxillofacial Surg, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. [Banks, Shane B.] Dept Gen Surg, Offutt AFB, NE USA. [Miller, Lee A.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol HNS, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Kelly, TF (reprint author), David Grant Med Ctr, Dept Oral & Maxillofacial Surg, 101 Bodin Circle, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. EM DRTFKOMS@aol.com NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0278-2391 J9 J ORAL MAXIL SURG JI J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 68 IS 6 BP 1411 EP 1414 DI 10.1016/j.joms.2009.08.025 PG 4 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 604PV UT WOS:000278291900033 PM 20036044 ER PT J AU Carrell, SE West, JE AF Carrell, Scott E. West, James E. TI Does Professor Quality Matter? Evidence from Random Assignment of Students to Professors SO JOURNAL OF POLITICAL ECONOMY LA English DT Article ID TEACHER QUALITY; ACHIEVEMENT; SCHOOLS; EDUCATION; CHICAGO; IMPACT; RACE AB In primary and secondary education, measures of teacher quality are often based on contemporaneous student performance on standardized achievement tests. In the postsecondary environment, scores on student evaluations of professors are typically used to measure teaching quality. We possess unique data that allow us to measure relative student performance in mandatory follow-on classes. We compare metrics that capture these three different notions of instructional quality and present evidence that professors who excel at promoting contemporaneous student achievement teach in ways that improve their student evaluations but harm the follow-on achievement of their students in more advanced classes. C1 [Carrell, Scott E.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Carrell, Scott E.] Natl Bur Econ Res, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [West, James E.] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO USA. RP Carrell, SE (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. OI West, James/0000-0002-1454-2113 NR 37 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 2 U2 29 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-3808 J9 J POLIT ECON JI J. Polit. Econ. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 118 IS 3 BP 409 EP 432 PG 24 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 608FU UT WOS:000278569400001 ER PT J AU Shaw, TH Matthews, G Warm, JS Finomore, VS Silverman, L Costa, PT AF Shaw, Tyler H. Matthews, Gerald Warm, Joel S. Finomore, Victor S. Silverman, Leanne Costa, Paul T., Jr. TI Individual differences in vigilance: Personality, ability and states of stress SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY LA English DT Article DE Vigilance; Sustained attention; Five Factor Model; Mood; Ability; Stress; Extraversion; Attentional resources ID COGNITIVE FAILURES QUESTIONNAIRE; VISUAL SUSTAINED ATTENTION; WORKING-MEMORY CAPACITY; BOREDOM PRONENESS; RESOURCE AVAILABILITY; SENSITIVITY DECREMENT; ADHD SYMPTOMATOLOGY; YAQ-I; PERFORMANCE; TASK AB Vigilance is notoriously hard to predict from personality measures. This study adopted a new multivariate approach based on attentional resource theory. Measures were taken of the Five Factor Model (FFM), more narrowly-defined 'cognitive-energetic' traits, cognitive ability and stress and coping scales. Participants (210) performed one of two related high-workload visual vigilance tasks. Results showed that personality traits were weak predictors of correct detection rate, although extraversion was negatively correlated with performance. Ability, subjective task engagement and coping scales were more strongly associated with vigilance. However, both the FFM and cognitive-energetic factors related to subjective states experienced during performance. Data support multivariate approaches to the prediction of vigilance based on attentional resource theory. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Matthews, Gerald] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Psychol, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Shaw, Tyler H.] George Mason Univ, Dept Psychol, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Warm, Joel S.; Finomore, Victor S.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Silverman, Leanne; Costa, Paul T., Jr.] NIA, Lab Personal & Cognit, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Matthews, G (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Psychol, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM Gerald.Matthews@uc.edu OI Costa, Paul/0000-0003-4375-1712 NR 86 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 24 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0092-6566 J9 J RES PERS JI J. Res. Pers. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 44 IS 3 BP 297 EP 308 DI 10.1016/j.jrp.2010.02.007 PG 12 WC Psychology, Social SC Psychology GA 615RG UT WOS:000279153000001 ER PT J AU Schumer, RA Muckley, KL Markert, RJ Prayson, MJ Heflin, J Konstantakos, EK Goswami, T AF Schumer, Ross A. Muckley, Kara L. Markert, Ronald J. Prayson, Michael J. Heflin, Jonathan Konstantakos, Emmanuel K. Goswami, Tarun TI Biomechanical comparison of a proximal humeral locking plate using two methods of head fixation SO JOURNAL OF SHOULDER AND ELBOW SURGERY LA English DT Article DE Proximal humerus; fracture; locked; locking; biomechanical ID SURGICAL NECK FRACTURES; GLENOHUMERAL JOINT; EXTERNAL FORCES; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SHOULDER; 2-PART; MOMENTS; 3-PART; MODEL; LOAD AB Hypothesis: Locking plates have emerged as the implant of choice for stabilization of proximal humeral fractures. The biomechanical properties of a locked plating system using smooth pegs vs threaded screws for fixation of the humeral head were compared to test the hypothesis that there would be no biomechanical difference between pegs and threaded screws. Materials and methods: Sixteen pairs of fresh frozen cadaveric humeri were randomized to have a surgical neck gap osteotomy stabilized with a locked plate using threaded screws (n = 8) or smooth pegs (n = 8). The intact contralateral humerus served as a control. Each specimen was tested with simultaneous cyclic axial compression (40 Nm) and torsion (both +/- 2 Nm and +/- 5 Nm) for 6000 cycles. All specimens were loaded to failure. Interfragmentary motion and load-displacement curves were analyzed to identify differences between the groups. Our data were then compared to previously published forces across the glenohumeral joint to provide evidence based recommendations for postoperative use of the shoulder. Results: There was a statistically significant difference between test specimens and their paired control (P<.001) in cyclic testing and load to failure. Differences between the smooth pegs and threaded screws were not statistically significant. Discussion: There is no biomechanical difference between locked smooth pegs and locked threaded screws for proximal fragment fixation in an unstable 2-part proximal humeral fracture model. Conclusion: Our study contributes to the published evidence evaluating forces across the glenohumeral joint and suggests that early use of the affected extremity for simple activities of daily living may be safe. Use of the arm for assisted ambulation requiring a crutch, cane, walker, or wheelchair should be determined on a case-by-case basis. C1 [Schumer, Ross A.; Muckley, Kara L.; Markert, Ronald J.; Prayson, Michael J.; Heflin, Jonathan; Konstantakos, Emmanuel K.; Goswami, Tarun] Wright State Univ, Boonshoft Sch Med, Dept Orthopaed Surg Sports Med & Rehabil, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Schumer, RA (reprint author), USAF Acad, USAF, MC, USAF Acad Dept Orthopaed Surg & Sports Med, 4102 Pinion Dr,Ste 100, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM rossaf44@yahoo.com FU Orthopaedic Trauma Association FX Outside funding was provided through an Orthopaedic Trauma Association Resident Research Grant. This grant was used to pay for cadaveric specimens, imaging studies (radiographs and DEXA scans), IRB fee, use of the biomechanical lab and equipment, statistical analysis, and manuscript production. All hardware (plates and screws) were donated by Depuy Orthopaedcs. NR 28 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1058-2746 J9 J SHOULDER ELB SURG JI J. Shoulder Elbow Surg. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 19 IS 4 BP 495 EP 501 DI 10.1016/j.jse.2009.11.003 PG 7 WC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences; Surgery GA 612MB UT WOS:000278901500004 PM 20189837 ER PT J AU Raja, AS Propper, BW VandenBerg, SL Matchette, MW Rasmussen, TE Johannigman, JA Davidson, SB AF Raja, Ali S. Propper, Brandon W. VandenBerg, Sheri L. Matchette, Michael W. Rasmussen, Todd E. Johannigman, Jay A. Davidson, Scott B. TI Imaging Utilization During Explosive Multiple Casualty Incidents SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article DE Radiology utilization; Explosive multiple casualty incidents; Terrorism ID MULTISYSTEM TRAUMA PATIENTS; TERRORIST BOMBINGS; OBVIOUS SIGNS; RADIOLOGY; INJURY; EXPERIENCE; MANAGEMENT; TRIAGE AB Background: Emergency radiology is a vital tool in the evaluation of victims of explosive multiple casualty incidents (MCIs). Prior reports estimate that approximately 50% of explosive MCI patients required imaging, including 7% to 22% who required computed tomography (CT) studies. This report describes the contemporary utilization of emergency radiology during the evaluation of explosive MCI victims in a modern US military trauma hospital in Iraq. We hypothesized that a much higher number of patients received imaging than has been reported previously in the literature. Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of records from 3 MCIs managed at the US Air Force Theater Hospital, Balad AB, Iraq between February and April 2008. All three incidents were the result of improvised explosive devices. Results: Overall, 50 patients had a mean Injury Severity Score of 19 and a mortality of 8%. Ninety-two percent received imaging during their emergency department evaluation, including 90% who received CT, 70% who received X-rays, and 38% who received extended focused abdominal sonography for trauma ultrasound examinations. Overall, patients had a mean of 3.5 CTs and 1.9 X-rays during their initial assessment. Of the CTs, 93% were part of a trauma pan-scan, and 49% of the CT results were clinically significant. Conclusion: These results are significantly different from previous reports and indicate that victims of explosive MCIs will require more imaging, especially CT, than previously anticipated. These data will allow improved integration of radiology staffing and resource allocation into disaster management plans designed to prepare for future explosive MCIs. C1 [Raja, Ali S.; Davidson, Scott B.] 445th Aeromed Staging Squadron, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Matchette, Michael W.; Rasmussen, Todd E.; Johannigman, Jay A.; Davidson, Scott B.] AF Theater Hosp, 332nd Expeditionary Med Grp, Balad Air Base, Iraq. [Propper, Brandon W.; Matchette, Michael W.; Rasmussen, Todd E.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Raja, Ali S.] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Emergency Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [VandenBerg, Sheri L.; Davidson, Scott B.] Bronson Methodist Hosp, Trauma Burn & Surg Crit Care Program, Kalamazoo, MI USA. RP Raja, AS (reprint author), 445th Aeromed Staging Squadron, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM aliraja@gmail.com NR 22 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5282 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD JUN PY 2010 VL 68 IS 6 BP 1421 EP 1424 DI 10.1097/TA.0b013e3181cf7d32 PG 4 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 610ES UT WOS:000278714600029 PM 20539185 ER PT J AU Burkhardt, G Gifford, S Propper, B Spencer, J Williams, K Jones, L Sumner, N Cowart, J Rasmussen, TE AF Burkhardt, Gabriel Gifford, Shaun Propper, Brandon Spencer, Jerry Williams, Ken Jones, Lyell Sumner, Nathan Cowart, Jerry Rasmussen, Todd E. TI Surgical Restoration of Flow Following Prolonged Ischemia Inhibits Neuromuscular Recovery in a Porcine (Sus Scrofa) Model of Extremity Vascular Injury SO JOURNAL OF VASCULAR SURGERY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Vascular Annual Meeting/Society-for-Vascular Surgery CY JUN 10-13, 2010 CL Boston, MA SP Soc Vasc Surg C1 [Burkhardt, Gabriel] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Med Ctr, San Antonio Mil Med Ctr Consortium Wilford Hall, San Antonio, TX 20814 USA. [Gifford, Shaun; Propper, Brandon; Spencer, Jerry; Williams, Ken; Jones, Lyell; Sumner, Nathan; Cowart, Jerry] USAF, San Antonio, TX USA. [Rasmussen, Todd E.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0741-5214 J9 J VASC SURG JI J. Vasc. Surg. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 51 SU S BP 73S EP 74S PG 2 WC Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Surgery; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 601EA UT WOS:000278039700153 ER PT J AU Rohrer, GS Li, J Lee, S Rollett, AD Groeber, M Uchic, MD AF Rohrer, G. S. Li, J. Lee, S. Rollett, A. D. Groeber, M. Uchic, M. D. TI Deriving grain boundary character distributions and relative grain boundary energies from three-dimensional EBSD data SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Grain boundaries; Grain boundary energy; Superalloy; EBSD; Serial sectioning; Three-dimensional microstructure ID 5 MACROSCOPIC PARAMETERS; POLYCRYSTALLINE MICRO STRUCTURES; VECTOR THERMODYNAMICS; ANISOTROPIC SURFACES; PLANE DISTRIBUTIONS; AUTOMATED-ANALYSIS; FIB-SEM; GROWTH; SIMULATION; EVOLUTION AB Three-dimensional electron backscatter diffraction data, obtained by serial sectioning a nickel base superalloy, has been analysed to measure the geometric arrangement of grain boundary planes at triple junctions. This information has been used to calculate the grain boundary character distribution (GBCD) and the grain boundary energy distribution (GBED). The twin content from the three-dimensional GBCD calculation compares favourably with the twin content estimated by stereology. Important factors in the analysis are the alignment of the parallel layers, the ratio of the out-of-plane to in-plane spacing of the discrete orientation data and the discretisation of the domain of grain boundary types. The results show that grain boundaries comprised of (111) planes occur most frequently and that these grain boundaries have a relatively low energy. The GBCD and GBED are inversely correlated. C1 [Rohrer, G. S.; Li, J.; Lee, S.; Rollett, A. D.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Groeber, M.; Uchic, M. D.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, MLLMD, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Rohrer, GS (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM gr20@andrew.cmu.edu RI Rollett, Anthony/A-4096-2012; LEE, SUKBIN/A-4936-2012; Rohrer, Gregory/A-9420-2008 OI Rollett, Anthony/0000-0003-4445-2191; Rohrer, Gregory/0000-0002-9671-3034 FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0520425] FX This work was supported at Carnegie Mellon by the MRSEC Programme of the National Science Foundation under award no. DMR-0520425. NR 37 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 3 U2 23 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA STE 1C, JOSEPHS WELL, HANOVER WALK, LEEDS LS3 1AB, W YORKS, ENGLAND SN 0267-0836 J9 MATER SCI TECH-LOND JI Mater. Sci. Technol. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 26 IS 6 BP 661 EP 669 DI 10.1179/026708309X12468927349370 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 619VS UT WOS:000279459000007 ER PT J AU Messay, T Hardie, RC Rogers, SK AF Messay, Temesguen Hardie, Russell C. Rogers, Steven K. TI A new computationally efficient CAD system for pulmonary nodule detection in CT imagery SO MEDICAL IMAGE ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Computer aided detection (CAD); Lung nodule; Computed tomography (CT); LIDC; ANODE09 ID COMPUTER-AIDED DIAGNOSIS; DATABASE-CONSORTIUM LIDC; LUNG NODULES; AUTOMATED DETECTION; CHEST RADIOGRAPHS; SEGMENTATION; SCANS; CLASSIFICATION; PERFORMANCE; PROTOTYPE AB Early detection of lung nodules is extremely important for the diagnosis and clinical management of lung cancer. In this paper, a novel computer aided detection (CAD) system for the detection of pulmonary nodules in thoracic computed tomography (CT) imagery is presented. The paper describes the architecture of the CAD system and assesses its performance on a publicly available database to serve as a benchmark for future research efforts. Training and tuning of all modules in our CAD system is done using a separate and independent dataset provided courtesy of the University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB). The publicly available testing dataset is that created by the Lung Image Database Consortium (LIDC). The LIDC data used here is comprised of 84 CT scans containing 143 nodules ranging from 3 to 30 mm in effective size that are manually segmented at least by one of the four radiologists. The CAD system uses a fully automated lung segmentation algorithm to define the boundaries of the lung regions. It combines intensity thresholding with morphological processing to detect and segment nodule candidates simultaneously. A set of 245 features is computed for each segmented nodule candidate. A sequential forward selection process is used to determine the optimum subset of features for two distinct classifiers, a Fisher Linear Discriminant (FLD) classifier and a quadratic classifier. A performance comparison between the two classifiers is presented, and based on this, the FLD classifier is selected for the CAD system. With an average of 517.5 nodule candidates per case/scan (517.5 +/- 72.9), the proposed front-end detector/segmentor is able to detect 92.8% of all the nodules in the LIDC/testing dataset (based on merged ground truth). The mean overlap between the nodule regions delineated by three or more radiologists and the ones segmented by the proposed segmentation algorithm is approximately 63%. Overall, with a specificity of 3 false positives (FPs) per case/patient on average, the CAD system is able to correctly identify 80.4% of the nodules (115/143) using 40 selected features. A 7-fold cross-validation performance analysis using the LIDC database only shows CAD sensitivity of 82.66% with an average of 3 FPs per CT scan/case. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Messay, Temesguen; Hardie, Russell C.] Univ Dayton, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Rogers, Steven K.] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RY, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Messay, T (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM messayte@notes.udayton.edu; rhardie@udayto-n.edu; srogers5@woh.rr.com FU ANODE09 FX The authors would like to thank Dr. Randy Ernest of the University of Texas Medical Branch for providing the CT scans and the corresponding truth to serve here as an independent training data set. We also wish to express our appreciation to the Lung Image Database Consortium and other institutions who contributed to the creation of the LIDC collection used here as an independent testing data set. We would also like to thank the sponsors of ANODE09, and in particular Dr. Bram van Ginneken of the Image Sciences Institute for allowing us to participate in ANODE09 and for processing our results. Finally, we wish to thank the anonymous reviewers for helping to strengthen this paper. NR 51 TC 100 Z9 106 U1 4 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1361-8415 J9 MED IMAGE ANAL JI Med. Image Anal. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 14 IS 3 BP 390 EP 406 DI 10.1016/j.media.2010.02.004 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Biomedical; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Computer Science; Engineering; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 604CW UT WOS:000278255900012 PM 20346728 ER PT J AU Wang, W Wu, SM Reinhardt, K Lu, YL Chen, SC AF Wang, Wei Wu, Shaomin Reinhardt, Kitt Lu, Yalin Chen, Shaochen TI Broadband Light Absorption Enhancement in Thin-Film Silicon Solar Cells SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Thin film solar cells; broadband absorption enhancement; surface plasmon polaritons; nanogratings; polarization-insensitive ID WAVE-GUIDE AB Currently, the performances of thin film solar cells are limited by poor light absorption and carrier collection. In this research, large, broadband, and polarization-insensitive light absorption enhancement was realized via integrating with unique metallic nanogratings. Through simulation, three possible mechanisms were identified to be responsible for such an enormous enhancement. A test for totaling the absorption over the solar spectrum shows an up to similar to 30% broadband absorption enhancement when comparing to bare thin film cells. C1 [Lu, Yalin] USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Laser Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Reinhardt, Kitt] USAF, Off Sci Res, AFOSRNE, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Chen, Shaochen] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Mech Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Lu, YL (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Laser Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM yalin.lu@usafa.edu; scchen@mail.utexas.edu FU U.S. National Science Foundation; Office of Naval Research; Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) FX Financial support from the U.S. National Science Foundation, the Office of Naval Research and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) is greatly appreciated. The authors are grateful for the computer support from Intel's Higher Education Program. NR 23 TC 165 Z9 171 U1 5 U2 86 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 10 IS 6 BP 2012 EP 2018 DI 10.1021/nl904057p PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 606TB UT WOS:000278449200007 PM 20446722 ER PT J AU Chen, WB Abeysinghe, DC Nelson, RL Zhan, QW AF Chen, Weibin Abeysinghe, Don C. Nelson, Robert L. Zhan, Qiwen TI Experimental Confirmation of Miniature Spiral Plasmonic Lens as a Circular Polarization Analyzer SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Surface plasmons; polarization selective devices; polarimetry; optical near-field ID INFRARED IMAGING POLARIMETRY; EVANESCENT BESSEL BEAM AB A spiral plasmonic lens can focus circular polarization of a given handedness while simultaneously defocus the circular polarization of the opposite chirality, which may be used as a miniature circular polarization analyzer. In this letter, we experimentally investigated the plasmonic focusing properties of the spiral lens using a collection mode near-field scanning optical microscope. A single Archimedes' spiral slot with a single turn was etched through gold thin film as a spiral plasmonic lens. The plasmonic field at the focus of a spiral lens strongly depends on the spin of the incident photon. Circular polarization extinction ratio better than 50 is obtainable with a device size as small as only 4 times of surface plasmon wavelength. C1 [Chen, Weibin; Zhan, Qiwen] Univ Dayton, Electroopt Grad Program, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Abeysinghe, Don C.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45219 USA. [Nelson, Robert L.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Zhan, QW (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Electroopt Grad Program, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM qiwen.zhan@notes.udayton.edu RI Chen, Weibin/E-9510-2010 NR 15 TC 82 Z9 83 U1 13 U2 48 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 10 IS 6 BP 2075 EP 2079 DI 10.1021/nl100340w PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 606TB UT WOS:000278449200017 PM 20459108 ER PT J AU Prabhu, BM Ali, SF Murdock, RC Hussain, SM Srivatsan, M AF Prabhu, Badanavalu M. Ali, Syed F. Murdock, Richard C. Hussain, Saber M. Srivatsan, Malathi TI Copper nanoparticles exert size and concentration dependent toxicity on somatosensory neurons of rat SO NANOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Copper nanoparticles; cytotoxicity; cell death; DRG neurons; histochemistry; neurotoxicity ID OXIDATIVE STRESS; IN-VITRO; METAL-IONS; CELLS; LIVER; HOMEOSTASIS; PARTICLES; CADMIUM; MITOCHONDRIA; GLUTATHIONE AB Metal nanoparticles, due to their unique properties and important applications in optical, magnetic, thermal, electrical, sensor devices and cosmetics, are beginning to be widely manufactured and used. This new and rapidly growing field of technology warrants a thorough examination of the material's bio-compatibility and safety. Ultra-small particles may adversely affect living cells and organisms since they can easily penetrate the body through skin contact, inhalation and ingestion. Retrograde transport of copper nanoparticles from nerve endings on the skin can reach the somatosensory neurons in dorsal root ganglion (DRG). Since copper nanoparticles have industrial and healthcare applications, we determined the concentration and size-dependant effects of their exposure on survival of DRG neurons of rat in cell culture. The neurons were exposed to copper nanoparticles of increasing concentrations (10-100 mu M) and sizes (40, 60 and 80 nm) for 24 h. Light microscopy, histochemical staining for copper, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay for cell death, and MTS [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2- yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay for cell viability were performed to measure the resultant toxicity and cell survival. DRG neurons exposed to copper nanoparticles displayed vacuoles and detachment of some neurons from the substratum. Neurons also exhibited disrupted neurite network. LDH and MTS assays revealed that exposure to copper nanoparticles had significant toxic effect with all the sizes tested when compared to unexposed control cultures. Further analysis of the results showed that copper nanoparticles of smaller size and higher concentration exerted the maximum toxic effects. Rubeanic acid staining showed intracellular deposition of copper. These results demonstrate that copper nanoparticles are toxic in a size-and concentration-dependent manner to DRG neurons. C1 [Prabhu, Badanavalu M.; Srivatsan, Malathi] Arkansas State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Jonesboro, AR USA. [Ali, Syed F.] Natl Ctr Toxicol Res FDA, Neurochem Lab, Div Neurotoxicol, Jefferson, AR USA. [Murdock, Richard C.; Hussain, Saber M.] USAF, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. RP Srivatsan, M (reprint author), Arkansas State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, State Univ, AR 72467 USA. EM msrivatsan@astate.edu FU NIH/NIDA [1R15 DA19971]; NIH/NCRR, IDeA Networks of Biomedical Research Excellence (INBRE) [P20 RR-16460]; Arkansas Bioscience Institute FX For this study we used items of equipment supported by NIH/NIDA grant # 1R15 DA19971; by NIH/NCRR grant # P20 RR-16460 from the IDeA Networks of Biomedical Research Excellence (INBRE) Program; and by Arkansas Bioscience Institute to M. Srivatsan. We thank Jonathan Treece and Justin Yancey for their help with culture set-up. NR 43 TC 55 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 21 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI NEW YORK PA 52 VANDERBILT AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1743-5390 J9 NANOTOXICOLOGY JI Nanotoxicology PD JUN PY 2010 VL 4 IS 2 BP 150 EP 160 DI 10.3109/17435390903337693 PG 11 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Toxicology SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Toxicology GA 672AE UT WOS:000283554600002 PM 20543894 ER PT J AU Hulme, M AF Hulme, Mike TI Learning to Live with Recreated Climates SO NATURE + CULTURE LA English DT Article DE climate change; myths of nature; novelty; post-natural; stability AB This article suggests that our current (fearful) preoccupation with climate change emerges from two paradoxical desires: the desire to recover some mythical benign stable state for the world's climate and the desire to assert ourselves over the world's climate by engineering our way to achieve this outcome. But by seeing climate either as something to be idealized or as something to master, we fail to see what is happening to the world's climate. It is being reinvented as a novel entity, now co-produced between human and nonhuman actors. Rather than resist and lament the results of this new creative force, we must learn to live with them. C1 [Hulme, Mike] Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Hulme, Mike] Tyndall Ctr Climate Change Res, Tyndall AFB, FL USA. RP Hulme, M (reprint author), Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU BERGHAHN JOURNALS PI NEW YORK PA 150 BROADWAY, STE 812, NEW YORK, NY 10038 USA SN 1558-6073 J9 NAT CULT JI Nat. Cult. PD SUM PY 2010 VL 5 IS 2 BP 117 EP 122 DI 10.3167/nc.2010.050201 PG 6 WC Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 721XQ UT WOS:000287391500001 ER PT J AU Ding, LM Li, ZX AF Ding, Liming Li, Zhixiang TI Periodicity and stability in neutral equations by Krasnoselskii's fixed point theorem SO NONLINEAR ANALYSIS-REAL WORLD APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Periodic solutions; Krasnoselskii's fixed point theorem; Neutral functional differential equation ID BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEMS; DIFFERENTIAL-EQUATIONS; DISTRIBUTED NETWORK; FORCED-OSCILLATIONS AB In this paper, we consider a nonlinear neutral functional differential equation which arises from a transmission line model. By means of Krasnoselskii's fixed point theorem, we obtain sufficient conditions of the existence of asymptotic periodic solutions. This paper is motivated by the difficulty encountered in the study of integrated electronic circuits which are composed of lossy transmission lines and nonlinear resistive loads with exponential V characteristics. We also correct one of the results in [V G. Angelov, Lossy transmission lines terminated by R-loads with exponential V-I characteristics, Nonlinear Anal. RWA 8 (2007) 579-589]. As an application, we show there is a periodic oscillation along the line when the load is a p-n diode. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ding, Liming; Li, Zhixiang] Natl Univ Def Technol, Dept Math & Syst Sci, Sch Sci, Changsha 410073, Peoples R China. [Ding, Liming] USAF, Radar Acad, Wuhan 430010, Peoples R China. RP Ding, LM (reprint author), Natl Univ Def Technol, Dept Math & Syst Sci, Sch Sci, Changsha 410073, Peoples R China. EM limingding@sohu.com NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1468-1218 J9 NONLINEAR ANAL-REAL JI Nonlinear Anal.-Real World Appl. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 11 IS 3 BP 1220 EP 1228 DI 10.1016/j.nonrwa.2009.02.013 PG 9 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 610WE UT WOS:000278768800002 ER PT J AU Wilson, C Brothers, M AF Wilson, Candy Brothers, Michael TI Iron Deficiency in Women and Its Potential Impact on Military Effectiveness SO NURSING CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Military; Iron deficiency; Women's health; Iron screening; Risk factors; Iron deficiency anemia ID TRAINING EXERCISE; UNITED-STATES; US-ARMY; ANEMIA; PREVALENCE; PERSONNEL AB Iron deficiency is recognized as a significant health concern for women of childbearing age in the civilian population. In the military, most women are of childbearing age. Not only do they carry the normal risks for developing iron deficiency, but they also have the added threats of possible decreased choices of food high in iron content, increased physical activity, and weight loss. This can put these women at risk for decreased energy efficiency and impaired cognitive performance. This article describes the pathophysiology of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia, the consequences of each, and the need to routinely screen military women for iron depletion. C1 [Wilson, Candy] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Brothers, Michael] USAF Acad, Human Performance Lab, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Wilson, C (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, 2200 Bergquest Dr,Bldg 4430, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM Candy.wilson@lackland.af.mil NR 44 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0029-6465 J9 NURS CLIN N AM JI Nurs. Clin. North Am. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 45 IS 2 BP 95 EP + DI 10.1016/j.cnur.2010.02.005 PG 15 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA 618FT UT WOS:000279337600002 PM 20510697 ER PT J AU Poole, K Lacek, A AF Poole, Katrina Lacek, Angela TI Hard Labor: The Personal Experiences of Two Obstetric Nurses in Balad, Iraq SO NURSING CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Obstetric nurses; War; Nursing roles; Deployment AB This article describes the experiences of two obstetric nurses as they deployed to the war zone in Iraq. Each discusses her role as a medical-surgical nurse and an emergency room nurse, respectively, and how she dealt with learning to practice in these areas. Each nurse came away from the experience with newfound confidence in her abilities and an appreciation for flexibility in practice. They also describe the challenges of deployment and being away from family, and how they coped with their feelings associated with nursing in a war zone and caring for injured service members and the indigenous population. C1 [Poole, Katrina] Elmendorf AFB Hosp, Perinatal Unit, Elmendorf AFB, AK 99506 USA. [Lacek, Angela] 87th Med Grp, McGuire AFB, NJ 08641 USA. RP Poole, K (reprint author), Elmendorf AFB Hosp, Perinatal Unit, 5955 Zeamer Ave EAFB, Elmendorf AFB, AK 99506 USA. EM katrina.poole@elmendorf.af.mil NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0029-6465 J9 NURS CLIN N AM JI Nurs. Clin. North Am. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 45 IS 2 BP 193 EP + DI 10.1016/j.cnur.2010.02.007 PG 12 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA 618FT UT WOS:000279337600009 PM 20510704 ER PT J AU Slabaugh, MA Hess, DJ Bajaj, S Farr, J Cole, BJ AF Slabaugh, Mark A. Hess, Dana J. Bajaj, Sarvottam Farr, Jack Cole, Brian J. TI Management of Chondral Injuries Associated With Patellar Instability SO OPERATIVE TECHNIQUES IN SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE articular cartilage; patellar instability; patellofemoral malalignment repair; tibial tuberosity osteotomy ID CARTILAGE RESTORATION; ARTICULAR-CARTILAGE; DISLOCATION; DEFECTS; FRACTURES; LESIONS; TALUS AB The treatment of cartilage injuries secondary to patellar instability is multifactorial. These factors include the time frame of patellar instability, the pathoanatomic factors, the extent of symptoms, and the size and location of the cartilage injury. The chondral or osteochondral injury which occurs with acute patellar instability is managed with either reduction and internal fixation or removal. The treatment of the patellar instability component is controversial in the acute setting, especially when there is no need for an osteochondral surgery. In such cases, patellar dislocations are treated nonoperatively. However, if the patient is indicated for surgery for treatment of osteochondral fracture and intra-operatively the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) remains pathologically lax and presents with a discrete MPFL injury site, there is the option of acute repair. Chondral injury associated with recurrent patellar instability may be subdivided into 2 overlapping groups: (1) chondral damage resulting from the instability episodes (distal medial region of the patellar and/or lateral proximal region of the lateral femoral condyle) and (2) chondrosis secondary to the chronic lateral tracking of the patella (chronic patellar subluxation) from patholaxity of the MPFL (lateral chondrosis to patella and trochlea in addition to the injuries sustained from the actual instability episodes). The treatment is based on the patient's chief complaints and the unique underlying pathoanatomy. Many of these patients will have one or more predisposing factors, such as patella alta, trochlear dysplasia, patholaxity of the MPFL and an excessively lateral position of the tibial tuberosity. Therefore, the key to managing this patient population is to address each patient's specific pathoanatomy, which by definition will include addressing the MPFL patholaxity. The goals are to stabilize the patella, normalize patellofemoral contact area and/or forces, and then restore the articular cartilage based on relevant symptoms. As of this writing, treatment options in the United States include debridement, marrow stimulation, osteochondral auto and allograft, autologous chondrocyte implantation, and the use of particulate articular cartilage. Oper Tech Sports Med 18:115-122 (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Bajaj, Sarvottam; Cole, Brian J.] Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Div Sports Med, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. [Slabaugh, Mark A.; Hess, Dana J.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, San Antonio, TX USA. [Farr, Jack] Orthopaed Indianapolis Inc, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Div Sports Med, Indianapolis, IN USA. RP Cole, BJ (reprint author), Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Div Sports Med, 1611 W Harrison,Suite 300, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. EM bcole@rushortho.com NR 26 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 1060-1872 J9 OPER TECHN SPORT MED JI Oper. Tech. Sports Med. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 18 IS 2 BP 115 EP 122 DI 10.1053/j.otsm.2009.12.003 PG 8 WC Sport Sciences; Surgery SC Sport Sciences; Surgery GA 607VB UT WOS:000278534000009 ER PT J AU Wu, Z Chen, WB Abeysinghe, DC Nelson, RL Zhan, QW AF Wu, Zhi Chen, Weibin Abeysinghe, Don C. Nelson, Robert L. Zhan, Qiwen TI Two-photon fluorescence characterization of spiral plasmonic lenses as circular polarization analyzers SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EVANESCENT BESSEL BEAM; SURFACE-PLASMONS; LIGHT AB The spiral plasmonic lens is capable of focusing the left-hand and right-hand circular polarizations into spatially separated plasmonic fields caused by the geometric phase effect. Its function as a circular polarization analyzer has been studied analytically and numerically in a previous Letter [Opt. Lett. 34, 3047 (2009)]. Single Archimedes' spiral grooves with lateral sizes of approximately 4 lambda(spp) (similar to 2.8 mu m) were milled into a gold thin film by using a focused ion beam. The function of such a simple spiral plasmonic lens serving as a circular polarization analyzer was experimentally characterized with two-photon fluorescence microscopy. The circular polarization extinction ratio of the two-photon fluorescent signal is estimated to be larger than 200 for a detector diameter up to 0.3 lambda(spp) (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Wu, Zhi; Chen, Weibin; Zhan, Qiwen] Univ dayton, Electroopt Program, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Abeysinghe, Don C.] Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45219 USA. [Nelson, Robert L.] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Zhan, QW (reprint author), Univ dayton, Electroopt Program, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM qiwen.zhan@notes.udayton.edu RI Chen, Weibin/E-9510-2010 FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratories; Dayton Area Graduate Studies Institute FX W. Chen and Q. Zhan thankfully acknowledge the support from the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratories through the Metamaterials Program. Z. Wu is supported by Dayton Area Graduate Studies Institute Graduate Scholarship. NR 18 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 11 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD JUN 1 PY 2010 VL 35 IS 11 BP 1755 EP 1757 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 603TG UT WOS:000278230400009 PM 20517405 ER PT J AU Yan, H Gaitonde, D AF Yan, Hong Gaitonde, Datta TI Effect of thermally induced perturbation in supersonic boundary layers SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID LOCALIZED DISTURBANCE; SHALLOW BUMP; FLOW-CONTROL; PLASMA; MECHANISMS; EVOLUTION AB This paper investigates the mechanism of steady and unsteady thermal perturbation (also denoted as thermal bump) in a Mach 1.5 flat plate boundary layer. A high-fidelity upwind-biased third-order Roe scheme is used with the compressive van Leer harmonic limiter on a suitably refined mesh. The study consists of two parts. In the first part, the effects of the steady and pulsed thermal bumps are explored. It is shown that the finite-span thermal bumps generate streamwise vortices. With steady heating, the disturbance decays downstream. However, when the thermal bump is pulsed, vortex shedding is observed and the streamwise vortical disturbance grows with downstream distance, consistent with linear stability analysis. The integrated disturbance energy indicates that streamwise kinetic disturbance energy growth dominates over those associated with other two velocity and thermodynamic components. The second part of this paper explores the physical consequences of the nonlinear dynamics between the vortices produced by the pulsed bump and the compressible boundary layer. The resulting three-dimensional flow distortion generates hairpin structures which are aligned in the streamwise direction, suggesting that the transition process bears some similarity to K-type breakdown. The arrangement of these vortices is connected to the low-speed streaks observed in the evolving boundary layer. The shape factor, velocity, and Reynolds stress profiles suggest that the perturbed flow shows initiation of transition to turbulence, but remains transitional at the end of the plate. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3432513] C1 [Yan, Hong] Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Gaitonde, Datta] USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Yan, H (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. FU AFOSR FX The authors are grateful for support from AFOSR under tasks monitored by Dr. John Schmisseur. The second author also gratefully acknowledges grant of high performance computing time from the HPCMP centers at AFRL and NAVO. NR 35 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 EI 1089-7666 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD JUN PY 2010 VL 22 IS 6 AR 064101 DI 10.1063/1.3432513 PG 16 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 628SX UT WOS:000280143100019 ER PT J AU Jasperse, JR Basu, B Lund, EJ Grossbard, N AF Jasperse, John R. Basu, Bamandas Lund, Eric J. Grossbard, Neil TI The self-consistent parallel electric field due to electrostatic ion-cyclotron turbulence in downward auroral-current regions of the Earth's magnetosphere. IV SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID RETURN CURRENT REGION; DOUBLE-LAYERS; BIPOLAR STRUCTURES; PLASMA TRANSPORT; MAGNETIC-FIELD; ACCELERATION; WAVES; IONOSPHERE; PARTICLE; DRIVEN AB The physical processes that determine the self-consistent electric field (E-parallel to) parallel to the magnetic field have been an unresolved problem in magnetospheric physics for over 40 years. Recently, a new multimoment fluid theory was developed for inhomogeneous, nonuniformly magnetized plasma in the guiding-center and gyrotropic approximation that includes the effect of electrostatic, turbulent, wave-particle interactions (see Jasperse et al. [Phys. Plasmas 13, 072903 (2006); 13, 112902 (2006)]). In the present paper and its companion paper [Jasperse et al., Phys. Plasmas 17, 062903 (2010)], which are intended as sequels to the earlier work, a fundamental model for downward, magnetic field-aligned (Birkeland) currents for quasisteady conditions is presented. The model includes the production of electrostatic ion-cyclotron turbulence in the long-range potential region by an electron, bump-on-tail-driven ion-cyclotron instability. Anomalous momentum transfer (anomalous resistivity) by itself is found to produce a very small contribution to E-parallel to; however, the presence of electrostatic, ion-cyclotron turbulence has a very large effect on the altitude dependence of the entire quasisteady solution. Anomalous energy transfer (anomalous heating and cooling) modifies the density, drift, and temperature altitude profiles and hence the generalized parallel-pressure gradients and mirror forces in the electron and ion momentum-balance equations. As a result, vertical bar E-parallel to vertical bar is enhanced by nearly a factor of 40 compared to its value when turbulence is absent. The space-averaged potential increase associated with the strong double layer at the bottom of the downward-current sheet is estimated using the FAST satellite data and the multimoment fluid theory. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3443713] C1 [Jasperse, John R.; Basu, Bamandas] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Lund, Eric J.] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Grossbard, Neil] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. RP Jasperse, JR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. OI Lund, Eric/0000-0003-1312-9375 FU (U.S.) Air Force Office of Scientific Research; NSF [ATM-0703099]; NASA [NNG04GP84G] FX This work was supported by the (U.S.) Air Force Office of Scientific Research. E.J.L. was supported by NSF Grant No. ATM-0703099 and NASA Grant No. NNG04GP84G. NR 76 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JUN PY 2010 VL 17 IS 6 AR 062904 DI 10.1063/1.3443713 PG 19 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 628SY UT WOS:000280143200039 ER PT J AU Jasperse, JR Basu, B Lund, EJ Grossbard, N AF Jasperse, John R. Basu, Bamandas Lund, Eric J. Grossbard, Neil TI Anomalous momentum and energy transfer rates for electrostatic ion-cyclotron turbulence in downward auroral-current regions of the Earth's magnetosphere. III SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID PLASMA TURBULENCE; RESISTIVITY; DIFFUSION; FIELD AB Recently, a new multimoment fluid theory was developed for inhomogeneous, nonuniformly magnetized plasma in the guiding-center and gyrotropic approximation that includes the effect of electrostatic, turbulent, wave-particle interactions (see Jasperse et al. [Phys. Plasmas 13, 072903 (2006); 13, 112902 (2006)]). In the present paper, which is intended as a sequel, it is concluded from FAST satellite data that the electrostatic ion-cyclotron turbulence that appears is due to the operation of an electron, bump-on-tail-driven ion-cyclotron instability for downward currents in the long-range potential region of the Earth's magnetosphere. Approximate closed-form expressions for the anomalous momentum and energy transfer rates for the ion-cyclotron turbulence are obtained. The turbulent, inhomogeneous, nonuniformly magnetized, multimoment fluid theory given above, in the limit of a turbulent, homogeneous, uniformly magnetized, quasisteady plasma, yields the well-known formula for the anomalous resistivity given by Gary and Paul [Phys. Rev. Lett. 26, 1097 (1971)] and Tange and Ichimaru [J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 36, 1437 (1974)]. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3443711] C1 [Jasperse, John R.; Basu, Bamandas] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Lund, Eric J.] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Grossbard, Neil] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. RP Jasperse, JR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. OI Lund, Eric/0000-0003-1312-9375 FU (U.S.) Air Force Office of Scientific Research; NSF [ATM-0703099]; NASA [NNG04GP84G] FX This work was supported by the (U.S.) Air Force Office of Scientific Research. E.J.L. was supported by NSF Grant No. ATM-0703099 and NASA Grant No. NNG04GP84G. NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD JUN PY 2010 VL 17 IS 6 AR 062903 DI 10.1063/1.3443711 PG 19 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 628SY UT WOS:000280143200038 ER PT J AU Potter, LC Ertin, E Parker, JT Cetin, M AF Potter, Lee C. Ertin, Emre Parker, Jason T. Cetin, Muejdat TI Sparsity and Compressed Sensing in Radar Imaging SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE LA English DT Article DE Moving target indication; penalized least squares; radar ambiguity function; random arrays; sparse reconstruction; synthetic aperture radar ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; SIGNAL RECONSTRUCTION; MATCHING PURSUITS; STATE-SPACE; NOISE; RECOVERY; REPRESENTATIONS; REGULARIZATION; APPROXIMATION; DECONVOLUTION AB Remote sensing with radar is typically an ill-posed linear inverse problem: a scene is to be inferred from limited measurements of scattered electric fields. Parsimonious models provide a compressed representation of the unknown scene and offer a means for regularizing the inversion task. The emerging field of compressed sensing combines nonlinear reconstruction algorithms and pseudorandom linear measurements to provide reconstruction guarantees for sparse solutions to linear inverse problems. This paper surveys the use of sparse reconstruction algorithms and randomized measurement strategies in radar processing. Although the two themes have a long history in radar literature, the accessible framework provided by compressed sensing illuminates the impact of joining these themes. Potential future directions are conjectured both for extension of theory motivated by practice and for modification of practice based on theoretical insights. C1 [Potter, Lee C.; Ertin, Emre] Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Parker, Jason T.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Cetin, Muejdat] Sabanci Univ, TR-34956 Istanbul, Turkey. RP Potter, LC (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM potter.36@osu.edu; ertine@ece.osu.edu; jason.parker@wpafb.af.mil; mcetin@sabanciuniv.edu RI Ertin, Emre/G-4937-2012; Potter, Lee/F-8668-2014 OI Potter, Lee/0000-0002-1537-1627 FU AFOSR [FA9550-06-1-0324] FX This work was supported in part by AFOSR under Award FA9550-06-1-0324. The work of J. T. Parker was supported by AFOSR. NR 108 TC 231 Z9 268 U1 12 U2 67 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9219 EI 1558-2256 J9 P IEEE JI Proc. IEEE PD JUN PY 2010 VL 98 IS 6 BP 1006 EP 1020 DI 10.1109/JPROC.2009.2037526 PG 15 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 599BJ UT WOS:000277884900012 ER PT J AU Wood, JM Nezworski, MT Lilienfeld, SO Garb, HN Allen, KH Wildermuth, JL AF Wood, James M. Nezworski, M. Teresa Lilienfeld, Scott O. Garb, Howard N. Allen, Keli Holloway Wildermuth, Jessica L. TI Validity of Rorschach Inkblot Scores for Discriminating Psychopaths From Nonpsychopaths in Forensic Populations: A Meta-Analysis SO PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE psychopathy; Rorschach; comprehensive system; forensics; meta-analysis ID ANTISOCIAL PERSONALITY-DISORDER; SEXUAL HOMICIDE PERPETRATORS; COMPREHENSIVE SYSTEM; TAXOMETRIC ANALYSIS; NONVIOLENT PEDOPHILES; DEFENSIVE OPERATIONS; OBJECT RELATIONS; LATENT STRUCTURE; NARCISSISM; OFFENDERS AB Gacono and Meloy (2009) have concluded that the Rorschach Inkblot Test is a sensitive instrument with which to discriminate psychopaths from nonpsychopaths. We examined the association of psychopathy with 37 Rorschach variables in a meta-analytic review of 173 validity coefficients derived from 22 studies comprising 780 forensic participants. All studies included the Hare Psychopathy Checklist or one of its versions (Hare, 1980, 1991, 2003) and Exner's (2003) Comprehensive System for the Rorschach. Mean validity coefficients of Rorschach variables in the meta-analysis ranged from -.113 to .239, with a median validity of .070 and a mean validity of .062. Psychopathy displayed a significant and medium-sized association with the number of Aggressive Potential responses (weighted mean validity coefficient = .232) and small but significant associations with the Sum of Texture responses, Cooperative Movement = 0. the number of Personal responses, and the Egocentricity Index (weighted mean validity coefficients = .097 to .159). The remaining 32 Rorschach variables were not significantly related to psychopathy. The present findings contradict the view that the Rorschach is a clinically sensitive instrument for discriminating psychopaths from nonpsychopaths. C1 [Wood, James M.; Allen, Keli Holloway; Wildermuth, Jessica L.] Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Psychol, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. [Lilienfeld, Scott O.] Emory Univ, Dept Psychol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Nezworski, M. Teresa; Garb, Howard N.] Lackland AFB, Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Wood, JM (reprint author), Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Psychol, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. EM jawood@utep.edu NR 107 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 15 U2 36 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 1040-3590 J9 PSYCHOL ASSESSMENT JI Psychol. Assess. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 22 IS 2 BP 336 EP 349 DI 10.1037/a0018998 PG 14 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 609OF UT WOS:000278665600014 PM 20528061 ER PT J AU Brown, DL Gallimore, AD AF Brown, Daniel L. Gallimore, Alec D. TI Evaluation of ion collection area in Faraday probes SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID HALL THRUSTER PLUMES; PLASMA-FOCUS AB A Faraday probe with three concentric rings was designed and fabricated to assess the effect of gap width and collector diameter in a systematic study of the diagnostic ion collection area. The nested Faraday probe consisted of two concentric collector rings and an outer guard ring, which enabled simultaneous current density measurements on the inner and outer collectors. Two versions of the outer collector were fabricated to create gaps of 0.5 and 1.5 mm between the rings. Distribution of current density in the plume of a low-power Hall thruster ion source was measured in azimuthal sweeps at constant radius from 8 to 20 thruster diameters downstream of the exit plane with variation in facility background pressure. A new analytical technique is proposed to account for ions collected in the gap between the Faraday probe collector and guard ring. This method is shown to exhibit excellent agreement between all nested Faraday probe configurations, and to reduce the magnitude of integrated ion beam current to levels consistent with Hall thruster performance analyses. The technique is further studied by varying the guard ring bias potential with a fixed collector bias potential, thereby controlling ion collection in the gap. Results are in agreement with predictions based on the proposed analytical technique. The method is applied to a past study comparing the measured ion current density profiles of two Faraday probe designs. These findings provide new insight into the nature of ion collection in Faraday probe diagnostics, and lead to improved accuracy with a significant reduction in measurement uncertainty. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3449541] C1 [Brown, Daniel L.] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Spacecraft Branch, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. [Gallimore, Alec D.] Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Plasmadynam & Elect Prop Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Brown, DL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Spacecraft Branch, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 81 IS 6 AR 063504 DI 10.1063/1.3449541 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 628GG UT WOS:000280102200020 PM 20590238 ER PT J AU Anderson, KD Luo, MD Jakubiak, R Naik, RR Bunning, TJ Tsukruk, VV AF Anderson, Kyle D. Luo, Mengdi Jakubiak, Rachel Naik, Rajesh R. Bunning, Timothy J. Tsukruk, Vladimir V. TI Robust Plasma Polymerized-Titania/Silica Janus Microparticles SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPY; COLLOIDAL PARTICLES; FILMS; NANOPARTICLES; SPHERES; DEPOSITION; MICROCAPSULES; MICROSPHERES; NANOCOLLOIDS; ANISOTROPY AB We report on the universal fabrication of Janus microparticles from a wide variety of organic and inorganic components. The Janus particle fabrication described in this study details the synthesis of the highly cross-linked polymer nanocoatings on top of the partially embedded particles via plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition. Here we conducted the plasma enhanced polymerization of different organic funetionalized, reactive, responsive, and biomolecular materials ranging from acrylic compounds to organometallic molecules and aminoacids all directly on silica and titania microspheres, while using a masking technique to ensure that only a controlled fraction of the total particle surface area will be covered. This facile, fast, and scalable selected polymerization approach allows for single-face polymerization, generating organic inorganic Janus particles which are robust and can be further converted into a variety of interesting mesoscale structures. Half-fluorescent, half-metal-decorated, and half-shelled structures were all demonstrated here as particular examples. C1 [Anderson, Kyle D.; Luo, Mengdi; Tsukruk, Vladimir V.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Sch Polymer Text & Fiber Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Jakubiak, Rachel; Naik, Rajesh R.; Bunning, Timothy J.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Tsukruk, VV (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Sch Polymer Text & Fiber Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM vladimir@mse.gatech.edu FU AFOSR; AFRL; DOE FX This work was supported by AFOSR, AFRL, and DOE. The authors thank Hao Jiang and Jesse Enlow for technical assistance with plasma depositions and Joseph Slocik, Srikanth Singamaneni, Tolecia Clark, and Eugenia Kharlampieva for useful discussions and assistance. NR 61 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 6 U2 70 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD MAY 25 PY 2010 VL 22 IS 10 BP 3259 EP 3264 DI 10.1021/cm100500d PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 595TC UT WOS:000277635000031 ER PT J AU Hung, KM Kuo, JY Hong, CC Cheng, HH Sun, G Soref, RA AF Hung, K. M. Kuo, J-Y Hong, C. C. Cheng, H. H. Sun, G. Soref, R. A. TI Carrier dynamics of terahertz emission based on strained SiGe/Si single quantum well SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Ge-Si alloys; hot carriers; semiconductor doping; semiconductor quantum wells; silicon ID RESONANT STATES; SEMICONDUCTORS; LASER AB We report analysis of the carrier distribution during terahertz emission process with carrier-phonon interaction based on p-doped strained SiGe/Si single quantum-well. The results of this analysis show that a considerable number of carriers can penetrate the phonon wall to become "hot" carriers on an approximately picosecond timescale. These hot carriers relax after the removal of the applied voltage, generating a "second" emission in the measurement. This investigation provides an understanding of the carrier dynamics of terahertz emission and has an implication for the design of semiconductor terahertz emitters. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3432075] C1 [Hong, C. C.; Cheng, H. H.] Natl Taiwan Univ, Ctr Condensed Matter Sci, Taipei 106, Taiwan. [Hong, C. C.; Cheng, H. H.] Natl Taiwan Univ, Grad Inst Elect Engn, Taipei 106, Taiwan. [Hung, K. M.; Kuo, J-Y] Natl Kaohsiung Univ Appl Sci, Dept Elect Engn, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan. [Sun, G.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02125 USA. [Soref, R. A.] USAF, Sensors Directorate, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Cheng, HH (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Univ, Ctr Condensed Matter Sci, Taipei 106, Taiwan. EM hhcheng@ntu.edu.tw RI 李, 輝/B-1359-2016 FU National Science Council of the Republic of China [98-2112-M-002-014-MY3] FX The authors would like to thank the National Science Council of the Republic of China for its financial support under Grant No. 98-2112-M-002-014-MY3. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 24 PY 2010 VL 96 IS 21 AR 213502 DI 10.1063/1.3432075 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 603BP UT WOS:000278183200078 ER PT J AU Mathur, V Vangala, SR Qian, X Goodhue, WD Haji-Saeed, B Khoury, J AF Mathur, V. Vangala, S. R. Qian, X. Goodhue, W. D. Haji-Saeed, B. Khoury, J. TI An all optically driven integrated deformable mirror device SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE actuators; adaptive optics; gallium arsenide; III-V semiconductors; micromirrors; photodiodes ID SPATIAL LIGHT-MODULATOR; MICROMIRROR; MEMBRANE; MEMS AB We demonstrate a technique for actuating micromirrors vertically cascaded on wafer fused GaAs-GaP photodiodes. Unlike traditional actuation schemes, the electrostatic drive of the individual capacitive actuators is addressed optically in this device. Vertical mirror displacements of up to 500 nm were observed using interferometry while addressing the photodetectors with a 5 mW optical signal. Microlenses were used to address a 900 pixel device with patterned conductive pillars and thin film load resistors for each actuator-detector element. This approach can enable realization of faster and denser adaptive optics wave front corrector arrays. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3430568] C1 [Mathur, V.; Vangala, S. R.; Qian, X.; Goodhue, W. D.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys & Appl Phys, Photon Ctr, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. [Haji-Saeed, B.; Khoury, J.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Mathur, V (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys & Appl Phys, Photon Ctr, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. EM vaibhavdeniro@gmail.com NR 12 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 24 PY 2010 VL 96 IS 21 AR 211103 DI 10.1063/1.3430568 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 603BP UT WOS:000278183200003 ER PT J AU Viggiano, AA Friedman, JF Shuman, NS Miller, TM Schaffer, LC Troe, J AF Viggiano, Albert A. Friedman, Jeffrey F. Shuman, Nicholas S. Miller, Thomas M. Schaffer, Linda C. Troe, Juergen TI Experimental and modeling study of thermal rate coefficients and cross sections for electron attachment to C-60 SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GAS-PHASE; FULLERENES C-60; RATE CONSTANTS; 1400 K; ENERGY; CAPTURE; C-70; SCATTERING; MOLECULES; POLARIZABILITY AB Thermal electron attachment to C-60 has been studied by relative rate measurements in a flowing afterglow Langmuir probe apparatus. The rate coefficients of the attachment k(1) are shown to be close to 10(-6) cm(3) s(-1) with a small negative temperature coefficient. These results supersede measurements from the 1990s which led to much smaller values of k(1) with a large positive temperature coefficient suggesting an activation barrier. Theoretical modeling of k(1) in terms of generalized Vogt-Wannier capture theory shows that k(1) now looks more consistent with measurements of absolute attachment cross sections sigma(at) than before. The comparison of capture theory and experimental rate or cross section data leads to empirical correction factors, accounting for "intramolecular vibrational relaxation" or "electron-phonon coupling," which reduce k(1) below the capture results and which, on a partial wave-selected level, decrease with increasing electron energy. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3427530] C1 [Viggiano, Albert A.; Friedman, Jeffrey F.; Shuman, Nicholas S.; Miller, Thomas M.; Schaffer, Linda C.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. [Troe, Juergen] Univ Gottingen, Inst Phys Chem, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [Friedman, Jeffrey F.] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Phys, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. [Miller, Thomas M.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. RP Viggiano, AA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. EM shoff@gwdg.de RI Rinaldi2, Carlos/D-4479-2011 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Air Force Research Laboratory; National Research Council; EOARD [FA8655-09-1-3001]; [FA8718-04-C0006] FX The AFRL authors are grateful for the support of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research for this work. J.F.F. was supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory Summer Faculty Program. N.S.S. was supported by the National Research Council Research Associateship Program. T. M. M. is under contract (Grant No. FA8718-04-C0006) to the Institute for Scientific Research of Boston College. J.T. is grateful for financial support of this work by EOARD (Grant Award No. FA8655-09-1-3001). Most helpful and critical discussions of the present manuscript by H. Hotop and E. E. Nikitin as well as technical help from A. I. Maergoiz are also gratefully acknowledged. NR 49 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAY 21 PY 2010 VL 132 IS 19 AR 194307 DI 10.1063/1.3427530 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 600FN UT WOS:000277970100020 PM 20499963 ER PT J AU Kahn, DY Mita, AC George, BJ Sankhala, KK Mahalingam, D Kelly, KR Karnad, AB Sarantopoulos, J Mita, MM AF Kahn, D. Y. Mita, A. C. George, B. J. Sankhala, K. K. Mahalingam, D. Kelly, K. R. Karnad, A. B. Sarantopoulos, J. Mita, M. M. TI Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-induced pneumonitis: Single-institution experience and treatment. SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Canc Therapy & Res Ctr, Inst Drug Dev, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Canc Therapy & Res Ctr S Texas, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL ONCOLOGY PI ALEXANDRIA PA 2318 MILL ROAD, STE 800, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0732-183X EI 1527-7755 J9 J CLIN ONCOL JI J. Clin. Oncol. PD MAY 20 PY 2010 VL 28 IS 15 SU S MA e13520 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA V30YT UT WOS:000208852000393 ER PT J AU Christ, JA Ramsburg, CA Pennell, KD Abriola, LM AF Christ, John A. Ramsburg, C. Andrew Pennell, Kurt D. Abriola, Linda M. TI Predicting DNAPL mass discharge from pool-dominated source zones SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE DNAPL; Source zone; Remediation; Modeling; Upscaled ID HETEROGENEOUS POROUS-MEDIA; MICROBIAL REDUCTIVE DECHLORINATION; AQUIFER REMEDIATION SYSTEMS; PHASE LIQUID DISSOLUTION; UNIFORM-FLOW FIELDS; BACHMAN ROAD SITE; FLUX-REDUCTION; IMMISCIBLE LIQUID; SOURCE DEPLETION; REMOVAL AB Models that link simplified descriptions of dense non-aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) source zone architecture with predictions of mass flux can be effective screening tools for evaluation of source zone management strategies. Recent efforts have focused on the development and implementation of upscaled models to approximate the relationship between mass removal and flux-averaged, down-gradient contaminant concentration (or mass flux) reduction. The efficacy of these methods has been demonstrated for ganglia-dominated source zones. This work extends these methods to source zones dominated by high-saturation DNAPL pools. An existing upscaled mass transfer model was modified to reproduce dissolution behavior in pool-dominated scenarios by employing a two-domain (ganglia and pools) representation of the source zone. The two-domain upscaled model is parameterized using the initial fraction of the source zone that exists as pool regions, the initial fraction of contaminant eluting from these pool regions, and the flux-averaged down-gradient contaminant concentration. Comparisons of model predictions with a series of three-dimensional source zone numerical simulations and data from two-dimensional aquifer cell experiments demonstrate the ability of the model to predict DNAPL dissolution from ganglia- and pool-dominated source zones for all levels of mass recovery. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Christ, John A.] USAF Acad, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Ramsburg, C. Andrew; Pennell, Kurt D.; Abriola, Linda M.] Tufts Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Medford, MA 02155 USA. RP Christ, JA (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM john.christ@usafa.edu RI Pennell, Kurt/F-6862-2010; Abriola, Linda/F-7624-2010; Ramsburg, Andrew/A-8532-2008 OI Pennell, Kurt/0000-0002-5788-6397; Ramsburg, Andrew/0000-0002-7138-6575 FU Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program [W91HQ-08-C-0003] FX This research was sponsored by Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program Project ER-1612 (contract W91HQ-08-C-0003). The content of this manuscript has not been subject to agency review and does not necessarily represent the view of the sponsoring agency. The authors also wish to acknowledge J.C. Parker and E. Park for providing the modified version of MT3D. NR 63 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD MAY 20 PY 2010 VL 114 IS 1-4 BP 18 EP 34 DI 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2010.02.005 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 610NK UT WOS:000278739600002 PM 20227132 ER EF