FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Gottlieb, J Davis, RL Clark, JP AF Gottlieb, Joshua Davis, Roger L. Clark, John P. TI Simulation Strategy for Film-Cooled Multistage Turbine Design and Analysis SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article ID EQUATIONS C1 [Gottlieb, Joshua; Davis, Roger L.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Clark, John P.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Turbine Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Gottlieb, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM jdgottlieb@ucdavis.edu; davisrl@ucdavis.edu; john.clark3@wpafb.af.mil NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 EI 1533-3876 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD NOV-DEC PY 2013 VL 29 IS 6 BP 1495 EP 1498 DI 10.2514/1.B34656 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA AA8VB UT WOS:000331372000028 ER PT J AU Walsh, MM Anderson, JR AF Walsh, Matthew M. Anderson, John R. TI Electrophysiological Responses to Feedback during the Application of Abstract Rules SO JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ANTERIOR CINGULATE CORTEX; PRIMATE PREFRONTAL CORTEX; INFERIOR TEMPORAL CORTEX; HIERARCHICAL ORGANIZATION; STRATEGY IMPLEMENTATION; PREDICTION ERROR; HUMAN COGNITION; FRONTAL-CORTEX; RHESUS-MONKEYS; REWARD AB Much research focuses on how people acquire concrete stimulus-response associations from experience; however, few neuroscientific studies have examined how people learn about and select among abstract rules. To address this issue, we recorded ERPs as participants performed an abstract rule-learning task. In each trial, they viewed a sample number and two test numbers. Participants then chose a test number using one of three abstract mathematical rules they freely selected from: greater than the sample number, less than the sample number, or equal to the sample number. No one rule was always rewarded, but some rules were rewarded more frequently than others. To maximize their earnings, participants needed to learn which rules were rewarded most frequently. All participants learned to select the best rules for repeating and novel stimulus sets that obeyed the overall reward probabilities. Participants differed, however, in the extent to which they overgeneralized those rules to repeating stimulus sets that deviated from the overall reward probabilities. The feedback-related negativity (FRN), an ERP component thought to reflect reward prediction error, paralleled behavior. The FRN was sensitive to item-specific reward probabilities in participants who detected the deviant stimulus set, and the FRN was sensitive to overall reward probabilities in participants who did not. These results show that the FRN is sensitive to the utility of abstract rules and that the individual's representation of a task ' s states and actions shapes behavior as well as the FRN. C1 [Walsh, Matthew M.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Anderson, John R.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Walsh, MM (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, HPW RHAC Cognit Models & Agents Branch 711, 2620 Q St,Bldg 852, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM mmwl88@gmail.com FU National Institute of Mental Health [T32MH019983, MH068243] FX This work was supported by National Institute of Mental Health training grant T32MH019983 to Matthew Walsh and National Institute of Mental Health grant MH068243 to John Anderson. NR 73 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 7 U2 14 PU MIT PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 55 HAYWARD STREET, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 USA SN 0898-929X EI 1530-8898 J9 J COGNITIVE NEUROSCI JI J. Cogn. Neurosci. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 25 IS 11 BP 1986 EP 2002 DI 10.1162/jocn_a_00454 PG 17 WC Neurosciences; Psychology, Experimental SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA 301GG UT WOS:000330520200015 PM 23915052 ER PT J AU Gustafson, JD Yang, S Blakeman, TC Dorlac, WC Branson, R AF Gustafson, Joshua D. Yang, Sung Blakeman, Thomas Chris Dorlac, Warren C. Branson, Richard TI Pulsed dosed delivery of oxygen in mechanically ventilated pigs with acute lung injury SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA AND ACUTE CARE SURGERY LA English DT Article DE Acute lung injury; oxygenation; mechanical ventilation ID PRESSURE; MODELS AB BACKGROUND: Acute lung injury (ALI) is a condition that leads to impaired oxygen delivery. We demonstrated previously that using a portable oxygen concentrator (POC) with pulsed dose delivery of oxygen is an alternative option to conserve oxygen while still maintaining adequate oxygen delivery in a mechanical model. We hypothesized that using a modified POC, pulsed dose oxygen delivery can provide adequate oxygenation in an animal model. METHODS: In a crossover study, we induced ALI in 15 pigs using an oleic acid model. We ventilated the pigs using equipment that is used by Critical Care Air Transport Teams of the US Air Force. We compared oxygen delivery using a POC in both continuous flow and pulsed dose modes, while in both volume-control and pressure-control mechanical ventilation. RESULTS: The PaO2/FIO2 ratios were increased in both the continuous flow and pulsed dose delivery for volume control and pressure control. In volume control, the pulsed dose demonstrated a significant increase in the PaO2/FIO2 ratio (168.8 [96.1] vs. 91.7 [65.4], p = 0.002) compared with continuous flow. However, this was not seen in pressure-control ventilation (89.0 [74.5] vs. 79.1 [65.4], p = 0.67). CONCLUSION: We were able to demonstrate that oxygen delivery using a POC in mechanically ventilated pigs with ALI is feasible. We were also able to demonstrate that pulsed dose delivery from a POC is superior to continuous flow oxygen delivery for oxygenation in ALI, when using volume control. We propose that this is a safe alternative to conserve oxygen in the transport of critically ill patients. (J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2013;75:775-779. Copyright (C) 2013 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins) C1 [Gustafson, Joshua D.] US Air Force, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Gustafson, Joshua D.] Wright State Univ, Boonshoft Sch Med, Dept Surg, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Yang, Sung] Univ Cincinnati, Sch Med, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Blakeman, Thomas Chris; Dorlac, Warren C.; Branson, Richard] Univ Cincinnati, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Div Trauma & Crit Care, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Gustafson, JD (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Boonshoft Sch Med, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM josh425@gmail.com NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 2163-0755 EI 2163-0763 J9 J TRAUMA ACUTE CARE JI J. Trauma Acute Care Surg. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 75 IS 5 BP 775 EP 779 DI 10.1097/TA.0b013e3182a9252e PG 5 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 300IP UT WOS:000330457900004 PM 24158194 ER PT J AU Bebarta, VS Daheshia, M Ross, JD AF Bebarta, Vikhyat S. Daheshia, Massoud Ross, James D. TI The significance of splenectomy in experimental swine models of controlled hemorrhagic shock SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA AND ACUTE CARE SURGERY LA English DT Letter C1 [Bebarta, Vikhyat S.] Air Force Enroute Care Res Ctr, San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, San Antonio, TX USA. [Daheshia, Massoud] San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, San Antonio, TX USA. [Ross, James D.] US Air Force, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Bebarta, VS (reprint author), Air Force Enroute Care Res Ctr, San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, San Antonio, TX USA. RI bebarta, vikhyat/K-3476-2015 NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 2163-0755 EI 2163-0763 J9 J TRAUMA ACUTE CARE JI J. Trauma Acute Care Surg. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 75 IS 5 BP 920 EP 920 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 300IP UT WOS:000330457900028 PM 24158218 ER PT J AU Liu, GP England, SL Frey, HU Immel, TJ Lin, CS Pacheco, EE Hausler, K Doornbos, E AF Liu, Guiping England, Scott L. Frey, Harald U. Immel, Thomas J. Lin, Chin S. Pacheco, Edgardo E. Hausler, Kathrin Doornbos, Eelco TI Comparison of drift velocities of nighttime equatorial plasma depletions with ambient plasma drifts and thermospheric neutral winds SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE plasma bubbles; nighttime equatorial ionosphere; plasma bubble drifts; thermospheric neutral winds ID SPREAD-F; DENSITY IRREGULARITIES; IONOSPHERIC PLASMA; EVOLUTION; BUBBLES; ELECTRODYNAMICS; REGIONS AB This is the first study to compare plasma depletion drifts with the ambient plasma drifts and neutral winds in the post sunset equatorial ionosphere using global-scale satellite observations. The local time and latitude variations of the drift velocities of O+ plasma depletions at 350-400km altitude are derived from the observations of the far ultraviolet imager operated on the IMAGE satellite during 10 March to 7 June 2002. These depletion drift velocities are compared with the simultaneously measured ion drift velocities and neutral winds by the ROCSAT-1 and the CHAMP satellites for a similar time period. The analysis shows that the zonal drift velocity of plasma depletions is smaller than both the ambient ion zonal drift velocity and the neutral zonal wind at 18:00-20:00 magnetic local time, and after 21:00, the variations of these velocities are similar. The difference of the plasma depletion drift with the background is found to be smaller at lower latitudes. Furthermore, the zonal drift velocity of the depletion is found to have a large latitudinal gradient specifically at 12 degrees-18 degrees magnetic latitude, which again does not match the ambient ion drift and the neutral wind. This latitudinal difference has been reported by previous studies, but those studies use models and they only compare the depletion drifts with the modeled neutral winds. This study provides a measure of the difference that has never been studied before by any study using global observations. It has been suggested that polarization electric fields inside the plasma depletion structure drive the plasma to drift westward and thus the depletion structure moves to the east. The latitudinal gradient of the depletion drift velocity seen here in this study could also be explained by the polarization electric fields. For the C-shaped (reversed C) depletion, the polarization electric fields inside the depletion drive a westward drift of plasma and this drift velocity changes with increasing latitude. Consequently, the depletion drift has a latitudinal gradient becoming significant at higher latitudes. C1 [Liu, Guiping; England, Scott L.; Frey, Harald U.; Immel, Thomas J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lin, Chin S.] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. [Pacheco, Edgardo E.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Newton, MA USA. [Hausler, Kathrin] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Doornbos, Eelco] Delft Univ Technol, Delft, Netherlands. RP Liu, GP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM guiping@ssl.berkeley.edu OI Frey, Harald/0000-0001-8955-3282 FU NASA's Living With a Star program [NNX11AP04G]; NASA [NAS5-02099]; NSF [AGS-1004736]; National Science Foundation FX This research work was supported by NASA's Living With a Star program through award NNX11AP04G. We acknowledge NASA for contract NAS5-02099 and NSF for support of GIMNAST through grant AGS-1004736. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is supported by the National Science Foundation. The ROCSAT-1 ion drift velocity data are available at csrsddc.csrsr.ncu.edu.tw. The authors thank Shin-Yi Su at National Central University for the assistance with the ROCSAT-1 data. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 118 IS 11 BP 7360 EP 7368 DI 10.1002/2013JA019329 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 293SB UT WOS:000329992900048 ER PT J AU Barnes, CJ Visbal, MR AF Barnes, Caleb J. Visbal, Miguel R. TI Numerical exploration of the origin of aerodynamic enhancements in [low-Reynolds number] corrugated airfoils SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; IMPLICIT; SCHEMES; EQUATIONS; FLOWS AB This paper explores the flow structure of a corrugated airfoil using a high-fidelity implicit large eddy simulation approach. The first three-dimensional simulations for a corrugated wing section are presented considering a range of Reynolds numbers of Re-c = 5 x 10(3) to 5.8 x 10(4) bridging the gap left by previous numerical and experimental studies. Several important effects are shown to result from the corrugations in the leading-edge region. First, interaction between the detached shear layer and the first corrugation peak promotes recirculation upstream and enhances transition to turbulence due to flow instabilities. Thus, early transitional flow develops on the corrugated wing which helps to delay stall even at Reynolds numbers as low as Re-c = 1 x 10(4). Transition is shown to occur as early as Re-c = 7.5 x 10(3) and quickly advances toward the leading-edge as Reynolds number is increased. Modification of the first corrugation peak height produces significantly reduced separation and improved aerodynamic forces demonstrating the sensitivity of flow behavior to leading-edge geometry. Second, the unusual orientation of the corrugated surface and strong suction resulting from rapidly turning fluid over the separated region upstream of the first corrugation produces a new effect which serves to reduce drag. This effect was amplified through the enhanced interaction produced by a modified geometry. Corrugations were found to be most advantageous in the leading-edge region and could be optimized to properly take advantage of the flow field under different operating conditions. C1 [Barnes, Caleb J.; Visbal, Miguel R.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Barnes, CJ (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM caleb.barnes@wpafb.af.mil FU AFOSR FX This work was supported in part by AFOSR under a task monitored by Dr. D. Smith. This project was also supported in part by a grant of HPC time from the DoD HPC Major Shared Resource Center at AFRL, WPAFB. The authors are also grateful to Dr. Hui Hu for providing experimental data. NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 EI 1089-7666 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD NOV PY 2013 VL 25 IS 11 AR 115106 DI 10.1063/1.4832655 PG 23 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 282PK UT WOS:000329184100060 ER PT J AU Butler, SJ Lee, DW Burney, CW Wigle, JC Choie, TY AF Butler, Sween J. Lee, Dong Weon Burney, Curtis W. Wigle, Jeffrey C. Choie, Tae Youl TI Microfluidic approach for direct and uniform laser irradiation to study biochemical state changes on Jurkat-T cells SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS LA English DT Article DE microfluidics; laser bioeffects; Jurkat-T cells; cellular stress response; photothermal damage; hyperthermia ID POLY(DIMETHYLSILOXANE); SYSTEMS AB We investigated the potential for using polydimethylsiloxane microfluidic devices in a biological assay to explore the cellular stress response (CSR) associated with hyperthermia induced by exposure to laser radiation. In vitro studies of laser-tissue interaction traditionally involved exposing a monolayer of cells. Given the heating-cooling dynamics of the cells and nutrient medium, this technique produces a characteristic "bulls-eye" temperature history that plagues downstream molecular analyses due to the nonuniform thermal experience of exposed cells. To circumvent this issue, we devised an approach to deliver single cells to the laser beam using a microfluidic channel, allowing homogeneous irradiation and collection of sufficient like-treated cells to measure changes in CSR after laser heating. To test this approach, we irradiated Jurkat-T cells with a 2-mu m-wavelength laser in one branch of a 100 mu m-wide bifurcated channel while unexposed control cells were simultaneously passing through the other, identical channel. Cell viability was measured using vital dyes, and expression of HSPA1A was measured using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The laser damage threshold was 25 +/- 2 J/cm(2), and we found a twofold increase in expression at that exposure. This approach may be employed to examine transcriptome- wide/proteome changes and further comparative work across stressors and cell types. (C) 2013 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) C1 [Butler, Sween J.] Univ N Texas, Dept Phys, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Lee, Dong Weon] Chonnam Natl Univ, Sch Mech Syst Engn, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. [Burney, Curtis W.] US Air Force Acad, Dept Biol, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Wigle, Jeffrey C.] Opt Radiat Bioeffects Branch, JBSA Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Choie, Tae Youl] Univ N Texas, Dept Mech & Energy Engn, Denton, TX 76207 USA. RP Choie, TY (reprint author), Univ N Texas, Dept Mech & Energy Engn, 3940 North Elm St,Suite F-101J, Denton, TX 76207 USA. EM choi@egw.unt.edu FU ASEE-SFFP program; Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) grant; Korean WCU project [R32-2009-000-20087-0] FX This work was financially supported by ASEE-SFFP program and an Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) grant to J. C. W. Authors thank Lt. Brent Lavey, Mr. Larry Estlack, Mr. Kurt Schuster, and Mr. Corey Harbert for their technical assistance in accomplishing this project. Authors also thank Korean WCU project (R32-2009-000-20087-0). NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1083-3668 EI 1560-2281 J9 J BIOMED OPT JI J. Biomed. Opt. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 18 IS 11 AR 117004 DI 10.1117/1.JBO.18.11.117004 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 278MT UT WOS:000328895100042 PM 24196406 ER PT J AU Merceret, FJ O'Brien, TP Roeder, WP Huddleston, LL Bauman, WH Jedlovec, GJ AF Merceret, Francis J. O'Brien, T. P. Roeder, William P. Huddleston, Lisa L. Bauman, William H., III Jedlovec, Gary J. TI Transitioning Research to Operations: Transforming the "Valley of Death" Into a "Valley of Opportunity" SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE research to operations; applied meteorology C1 [Merceret, Francis J.; Huddleston, Lisa L.] John F Kennedy Space Ctr Florida, KSC Weather Off, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. [O'Brien, T. P.] Grumman Aerosp Corp, Space Sci Dept, El Segundo, CA USA. [Roeder, William P.] US Air Force, Air Force Stn, FL USA. [Jedlovec, Gary J.] NASAs Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Earth Sci Off, Huntsville, AL USA. RP Merceret, FJ (reprint author), John F Kennedy Space Ctr Florida, KSC Weather Off, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA. EM paul.obrien@aero.org NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1542-7390 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD NOV PY 2013 VL 11 IS 11 BP 637 EP 640 DI 10.1002/swe.20099 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 263GI UT WOS:000327794800001 ER PT J AU Zhao, Y Xu, R Zhang, XR Hu, X Knize, RJ Lu, YL AF Zhao, Yuan Xu, Rui Zhang, Xuanru Hu, Xiang Knize, Randall J. Lu, Yalin TI Simulation of smart windows in the ZnO/VO2/ZnS sandwiched structure with improved thermochromic properties SO ENERGY AND BUILDINGS LA English DT Article DE Smart window; Vanadium dioxide; Transparent material; Sandwich; Antireflection; Thin film ID METAL-INSULATOR-TRANSITION; DOUBLE-LAYERED FILMS; THIN-FILMS; OPTICAL-CONSTANTS; VANADIUM DIOXIDE; VO2 FILMS; MULTILAYER FILMS; TRANSMITTANCE; TEMPERATURE; COATINGS AB We modeled a sandwiched structure ZnO/VO2/ZnS potentially as a VO2-based smart window with a goal to increase both luminous transmittance (T-lum) and solar modulation ability (Delta T-sol). Compared to the previously used single-layer antireflection coating, the new sandwiched structure broadens the reflectance minimum in the visible light range and enlarges the transmission gap in the near-infrared (NIR) region, when switching between the semiconducting and the metallic states and when utilizing an intermediate index ZnS layer imbedded between the VO2 film and substrate. The 3/4-1/4-3/4 wavelength-thickness model exhibited a high solar modulation ability (Delta T-sol = 13.01%), and maintained a high T-lum at 63.24% and 57.39% both in semiconducting and metallic phases, respectively. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhao, Yuan; Lu, Yalin] Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, CAS Key Lab Mat Energy Convers, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Xu, Rui] Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Opt & Opt Engn, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Xuanru; Hu, Xiang; Lu, Yalin] Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei Natl Lab Phys Sci Microscale, Adv Appl Res Ctr, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China. [Knize, Randall J.; Lu, Yalin] US Air Force Acad, Laser Opt Res Ctr, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Lu, YL (reprint author), Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, CAS Key Lab Mat Energy Convers, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. EM yllu@ustc.edu.cn FU National Basic Research Program of China [2012CB922001]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); DTRA (HDTRA) [12221] FX Financial support from the National Basic Research Program of China (2012CB922001). Dr. R. Knize and Dr. Y. Lu appreciate the support from Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) and DTRA (HDTRA 12221). NR 55 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 74 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0378-7788 EI 1872-6178 J9 ENERG BUILDINGS JI Energy Build. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 66 BP 545 EP 552 DI 10.1016/j.enbuild.2013.07.071 PG 8 WC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 264TP UT WOS:000327904200058 ER PT J AU Su, WF Matyjas, JD Gans, MJ Batalama, S AF Su, Weifeng Matyjas, John D. Gans, Michael J. Batalama, Stella TI Maximum Achievable Capacity in Airborne MIMO Communications with Arbitrary Alignments of Linear Transceiver Antenna Arrays SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Airborne multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) communications; capacity; lower bound; upper bound; free-space MIMO communications; Rayleigh fading ID TIME BLOCK-CODES; FULL-DIVERSITY; SPACE; CHANNELS; DESIGN AB In this paper, the capacity of airborne multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) wireless communication systems with arbitrary alignments of linear transmit and receive antenna arrays is systematically analyzed and the maximum achievable capacity is determined. Based on a general three-dimensional (3D) airborne MIMO communication model, we are able to approximate the airborne MIMO capacity as a function of the transmit and receive antenna array geometry in the 3D space. The capacity approximation is asymptotically tight as the distance between the transmit and receive antenna arrays large compared to their size. Based on the asymptotically tight capacity approximation, we derive an upper bound as well as a lower bound of the airborne MIMO capacity. Interestingly, both the upper and lower bounds are achievable. We also derive a necessary and sufficient condition for airborne MIMO communication systems to achieve the capacity upper bound for any given 3D transceiver antenna array geometry. The necessary and sufficient condition allows us to properly select the system parameters and design airborne MIMO communication systems that reach the best possible performance in terms of system capacity. We prove that when the distance between the transmit and receive antenna arrays is within a certain range, there exists a set of system parameter values (e. g. antenna element separation) for which the capacity of the MIMO communication system achieves the theoretical upper bound and this capacity value is larger than the average capacity of the corresponding conventional MIMO communication system under Rayleigh fading. Finally, we prove that the airborne MIMO capacity converges to the capacity lower bound when the distance between the transmit and receive antenna arrays goes to infinity. Extensive numerical studies included in this paper illustrate and validate our theoretical developments. C1 [Su, Weifeng; Batalama, Stella] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Elect Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Matyjas, John D.; Gans, Michael J.] RIT, Air Force Res Lab, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. RP Su, WF (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Elect Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM weifeng@buffalo.edu; John.Matyjas@us.af.mil; Michael.Gans@us.af.mil; batalama@buffalo.edu FU U.S. National Research Council (NRC) Research Fellowship Program; U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) [FA87501110015, FA87501110016] FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. National Research Council (NRC) Research Fellowship Program and by the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) under Grants FA87501110015 and FA87501110016. The findings and conclusions expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NRC and AFRL. Security clearance approval for public release (reference number: 88ABW-2011-5507). NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 11 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1536-1276 EI 1558-2248 J9 IEEE T WIREL COMMUN JI IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 12 IS 11 BP 5584 EP 5593 DI 10.1109/TWC.2013.101613.121746 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 266XV UT WOS:000328058400019 ER PT J AU Smith, HL Hornbuckle, BC Mauger, L Fu, B Tracy, SJ Thompson, GB Lucas, MS Xiao, Y Hu, MY Zhao, J Alp, EE Fultz, B AF Smith, Hillary L. Hornbuckle, B. C. Mauger, L. Fu, B. Tracy, S. J. Thompson, G. B. Lucas, M. S. Xiao, Y. Hu, M. Y. Zhao, J. Alp, E. Ercan Fultz, B. TI Changes in vibrational entropy during the early stages of chemical unmixing in fcc Cu-6% Fe SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Nanocrystalline material; Microstructure formation; Vibrational entropy; Atom probe tomography; Fe-Cu alloy ID DENSITY-OF-STATES; NUCLEAR RESONANT SCATTERING; NANOCRYSTALLINE NI3FE; SMALL PARTICLE; DYNAMICS; PHONONS; HEAT; IRON AB A nanocrystalline face-centered cubic (fcc) solid solution of 6% Fe in Cu was prepared by high-energy ball milling, and annealed at temperatures from 200 to 360 degrees C to induce chemical unmixing. The chemical state of the material was characterized by three-dimensional atom probe microscopy, Mossbauer spectrometry and X-ray powder diffractometry. The unmixing was heterogeneous, with iron atoms forming iron-rich zones that thicken with further annealing. The phonon partial density of states (pDOS) of Fe-57 was measured by nuclear resonant inelastic X-ray scattering, showing the pDOS of the as-prepared material to be that of an fcc crystal. The features of this pDOS became broader in the early stages of unmixing, but only small changes in average phonon frequencies occurred until the body-centered cubic (bcc) phase began to form. The vibrational entropy calculated from the pDOS underwent little change during the early stage of annealing, but decreased rapidly when the bcc phase formed in the material. (C) 2013 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Smith, Hillary L.; Mauger, L.; Tracy, S. J.; Fultz, B.] CALTECH, Dept Appl Phys & Mat Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Hornbuckle, B. C.; Fu, B.; Thompson, G. B.] Univ Alabama, Dept Met & Mat Engn, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Lucas, M. S.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Xiao, Y.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Geophys Lab, HPCAT, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Hu, M. Y.; Zhao, J.; Alp, E. Ercan] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Smith, HL (reprint author), CALTECH, Dept Appl Phys & Mat Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM HLS@caltech.edu OI Fu, Bianzhu/0000-0003-4085-0889 FU CIW through DOE-NNSA; CDAC through DOE-NNSA; UNLV through DOE-NNSA; LLNL through DOE-NNSA; CIW through DOE-BES; CDAC through DOE-BES; UNLV through DOE-BES; LLNL through DOE-BES; CIW through NSF; CDAC through NSF; UNLV through NSF; LLNL through NSF; DOE-BES [DE-AC02-06CH11357, DE-FG02-03ER46055]; NSF [DMR-0520547] FX Portions of this work were performed at HPCAT (Sector 16), Advanced Photon Source (APS), Argonne National Laboratory. HPCAT is supported by CIW, CDAC, UNLV and LLNL through funding from DOE-NNSA, DOE-BES and NSF. Use of the APS was supported by DOE-BES, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. This work benefited from DANSE software developed under NSF Grant No. DMR-0520547. This work was supported by DOE-BES under contract DE-FG02-03ER46055. NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 25 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 EI 1873-2453 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 61 IS 19 BP 7466 EP 7472 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2013.08.057 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 261SA UT WOS:000327683700040 ER PT J AU Sim, GD Park, JH Uchic, MD Shade, PA Lee, SB Vlassak, JJ AF Sim, Gi-Dong Park, Jun-Hyub Uchic, Michael D. Shade, Paul A. Lee, Soon-Bok Vlassak, Joost J. TI An apparatus for performing microtensile tests at elevated temperatures inside a scanning electron microscope SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE In situ tension test; High-temperature deformation; Thin film; Grain boundary sliding; Creep ID FREESTANDING THIN-FILMS; COPPER-FILMS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; GRAIN-BOUNDARY; FATIGUE BEHAVIOR; LENGTH-SCALE; CU FILMS; SIZE; PLASTICITY; TENSILE AB In this paper, we introduce an apparatus to perform microtensile tests at elevated temperatures inside a scanning electron microscope. The apparatus has a stroke of 250 pm with a displacement resolution of 10 nm and a load resolution of 9.7 mu N. Measurements at elevated temperatures are performed through use of two silicon-based micromachined heaters that support the sample. Each heater consists of a tungsten heating element that also serves as a temperature gauge. To demonstrate the testing capabilities, tensile tests were performed on submicron Cu films at various temperatures up to 430 degrees C. Stress-strain curves show a significant decrease in yield strength and initial slope for the samples tested at elevated temperature, which we attribute to diffusion-facilitated grain boundary sliding and dislocation climb. (C) 2013 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Sim, Gi-Dong; Park, Jun-Hyub; Vlassak, Joost J.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Park, Jun-Hyub] Tongmyong Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Coll Engn, Pusan 608711, South Korea. [Uchic, Michael D.; Shade, Paul A.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Sim, Gi-Dong; Lee, Soon-Bok] Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Mech Engn, Taejon 305701, South Korea. RP Vlassak, JJ (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM vlassak@seas.harvard.edu RI Shade, Paul/H-6459-2011; Lee, Soon-Bok/C-1977-2011 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-12-1-0098]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0906892, ECS-0335765]; National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF); Korea government (MEST) [2011R1A2A2A02649388, 2012R1A6A3A03037832]; Korea Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF); Ministry of Education, Science and Technology [KOSEF 2009-0085880]; Materials & Manufacturing Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory FX The work presented in this paper was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Grant FA9550-12-1-0098 (Program Manager Dr. Ali Sayir) and by the National Science Foundation under Grant DMR-0906892. This work was also supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MEST) (No. 2011R1A2A2A02649388, 2012R1A6A3A03037832) and by the Korea Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (no. KOSEF 2009-0085880). M.D.U. and P.A.S. further acknowledge support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Program Manager Dr. Ali Sayir) and the Materials & Manufacturing Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory. M.D.U. and P.A.S. would also like to acknowledge useful discussions with R. Wheeler (UES Inc., MicroTesting Solutions LLC). The tensile samples were fabricated at the Center for Nanoscale Systems, a member of the National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network, which is supported by the National Science Foundation under NSF Award ECS-0335765. The Center for Nanoscale Systems is part of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences at Harvard University. NR 64 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 26 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 EI 1873-2453 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 61 IS 19 BP 7500 EP 7510 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2013.08.064 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 261SA UT WOS:000327683700044 ER PT J AU McConney, ME Martinez, A Tondiglia, VP Lee, KM Langley, D Smalyukh, II White, TJ AF McConney, Michael E. Martinez, Angel Tondiglia, Vincent P. Lee, Kyung Min Langley, Derrick Smalyukh, Ivan I. White, Timothy J. TI Topography from Topology: Photoinduced Surface Features Generated in Liquid Crystal Polymer Networks SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE liquid crystals; liquid crystalline polymer; azobenzene; stimuli responsive materials ID ORDERED MEDIA; LIGHT; ACTUATORS; DEFECTS; GLASSY; DRIVEN C1 [McConney, Michael E.; Tondiglia, Vincent P.; Lee, Kyung Min; White, Timothy J.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45434 USA. [Langley, Derrick] Air Force Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Martinez, Angel; Smalyukh, Ivan I.] Univ Colorado, Liquid Crystal Mat Res Ctr, Dept Phys, Dept Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Martinez, Angel; Smalyukh, Ivan I.] Univ Colorado, Mat Sci Engn Program, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Martinez, Angel; Smalyukh, Ivan I.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Renewable & Sustainable Energy Inst, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Martinez, Angel; Smalyukh, Ivan I.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP White, TJ (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, 3005 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45434 USA. EM timothy.white.24@us.af.mil RI Smalyukh, Ivan/C-2955-2011; White, Timothy/D-4392-2012 OI Smalyukh, Ivan/0000-0003-3444-1966; FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Air Force Research Laboratory; Air Force Minority Leaders Program; COSI program (NSF) [DGE 0801680] FX This work was completed at the Materials and Manufacturing Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory. We thank BEAM Engineering for Advanced Measurements Co. (Nelson Tabiryan) for providing the +2 and +4 axial waveplates. We acknowledge insightful conversations with Carl Modes. This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Air Force Research Laboratory, and the Air Force Minority Leaders Program. A.M. and I.I.S. acknowledge the support of the COSI program (NSF grant DGE 0801680). NR 40 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 8 U2 91 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 EI 1521-4095 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 25 IS 41 BP 5880 EP 5885 DI 10.1002/adma.201301891 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 261VO UT WOS:000327692900006 PM 23873775 ER PT J AU Rhodes, AN Fulthorpe, RR Tiedje, JM AF Rhodes, Albert N. Fulthorpe, Roberta R. Tiedje, James M. TI Probing the Functional Diversity of Global Pristine Soil Communities with 3-Chlorobenzoate Reveals that Communities of Generalists Dominate Catabolic Transformation SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PSEUDOMONAS SP B-13; ALCALIGENES-EUTROPHUS; BACTERIA; DEGRADATION; METABOLISM AB Understanding of functional diversity of microbial populations has lagged description of their molecular diversity. Differences in substrate specificity, kinetics, products, and regulation can dramatically influence phenotypic variation among closely related strains, features that are missed when the strains studied are the fastest-growing and most easily isolated from serial enrichments. To investigate the broader bacterial diversity underlying degradation of anthropogenic chemicals in nature, we studied the 3-chlorobenzoate (3-CBA) degradation rate in a collection of aerobic 3-CBA degraders previously isolated from undisturbed soils in two representative ecosystems: (i) Mediterranean sclerophyllous woodlands in California, Chile, South Africa, and Australia and (ii) boreal forests in Canada and Russia. The majority of isolates degraded 3-CBA slowly and did not completely mineralize 1.0 mM 3-CBA within 1 week. Those with intermediate degradation rates had incomplete degradation pathways and produced colored intermediates indicative of chlorocatechol, a product likely metabolized by other members of the community. About 10% of the isolates grew rapidly and mineralized greater than 90% of the 3-CBA, but because of population heterogeneity in soil, they are likely not large contributors to a soil's total transformation capacity. This suggests that xenobiotic degradation in nature is carried out by a community of cometabolic generalists and not by the efficient specialists that have been traditionally studied in the laboratory. A subset of 58 genotypically distinct strains able to degrade >80% of the 3-CBA was examined for their catabolic versatility using 45 different compounds: mono-and dichlorinated benzoates, phenols, anilines, toluenes, nitrobenzenes, chlorobenzenes, and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. The isolates degraded from 2 to more than 30 compounds with a median of 7, but there was no correlation to habitat of isolation or 3-CBA activity. However, these findings were indicative of finer-scale functional diversity. C1 [Rhodes, Albert N.] Air Force Res Lab, Airbase Technol Div, Tyndall AFB, FL USA. [Fulthorpe, Roberta R.] Univ Toronto, Div Phys Sci, Scarborough, ON M1C 1A4, Canada. [Tiedje, James M.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Soil & Microbial Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Tiedje, James M.] Michigan State Univ, Ctr Microbial Ecol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Tiedje, JM (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Soil & Microbial Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM tiedjej@msu.edu FU National Science Foundation [BIR9120006]; U.S. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [P42 ES004911]; U.S. Air Force FX This research was funded by grant BIR9120006 from the National Science Foundation, by Superfund Basic Research Program grant P42 ES004911 from the U.S. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, and by an educational grant from the U.S. Air Force (A.N.R.). It was part of the Joint Research Project on Microbial Evolution with the Research and Development Corporation of Japan (JRDC). NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 EI 1098-5336 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 79 IS 22 BP 6932 EP 6940 DI 10.1128/AEM.01905-13 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 259CE UT WOS:000327504200013 PM 23995940 ER PT J AU Minnick, JM Bebarta, VS Stanton, M Lairet, JR King, J Torres, P Aden, J Ramirez, R AF Minnick, Joanne M. Bebarta, Vikhyat S. Stanton, Marietta Lairet, Julio R. King, James Torres, Pedro Aden, James Ramirez, Rosemarie TI THE INCIDENCE OF FEVER IN US CRITICAL CARE AIR TRANSPORT TEAM COMBAT TRAUMA PATIENTS EVACUATED FROM THE THEATER BETWEEN MARCH 2009 AND MARCH 2010 SO JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY NURSING LA English DT Article DE Fever; Flight medicine; Critical care transport; Trauma; Military medicine; Combat AB Introduction: Most critically ill injured patients are transported out of the theater by Critical Care Air Transport Teams (CCATTs). Fever after trauma is correlated with surgical complications and infection. The purposes of this study are to identify the incidence of elevated temperature in patients managed in the CCATT environment and to describe the complications reported and the treatments used in these patients. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of available records of trauma patients from the combat theater between March 1, 2009, and March 31, 2010, who were transported by the US Air Force CCATT and had an incidence of hyperthermia. We then divided the cohort into 2 groups, patients transported with an elevation in temperature greater than 100.4 degrees F and patients with no documented elevation in temperature. We used a standardized, secure electronic data collection form to abstract the outcomes. Descriptive data collected included injury type, temperature, use of a mechanical ventilator, cooling treatment modalities, antipyretics, intravenous fluid administration, and use of blood products. We also evaluated the incidence of complications during the transport in patients who had a recorded elevation in temperature greater than 100.4 degrees F. Results: A total of 248 trauma patients met the inclusion criteria, and 101 trauma patients (40%) had fever. The mean age was 28 years, and 98% of patients were men. The mechanism of injury was an explosion in 156 patients (63%), blunt injury in 11 (4%), and penetrating injury in 45 (18%), whereas other trauma-related injuries accounted for 36 patients (15%). Of the patients, 209 (84%) had battle-related injuries and 39 (16%) had non-battle-related injuries. Traumatic brain injury was found in 24 patients (24%) with an incidence of elevated temperature. The mean temperature was 101.6 degrees F (range, 100.5 degrees F-103.9 degrees F). After evaluation of therapies and treatments, 80 trauma patients (51%) were intubated on a mechanical ventilator (P < .001). Of the trauma patients with documented fever, 22 (22%) received administration of blood products. Nineteen patients received antipyretics during their flight (19%), 9 received intravenous fluids (9%), and 2 received nonpharmacologic cooling interventions, such as cooling blankets or icepacks. We identified 1 trauma patient with neurologic changes (1%), 6 with hypotension (6%), 48 with tachycardia (48%), 33 with decreased urinary output (33%), and 1 with an episode of shivering or sweating (1%). We did not detect any transfusion reactions or deaths during flight. Conclusion: Fever occurred in 41% of critically ill combat-injured patients evacuated out of the combat theater in Iraq and Afghanistan. Fewer than 20% of patients with a documented elevated temperature received treatments to reduce the temperature. Intubation of patients with ventilators in use during the transport was the only factor significantly associated with fever. Serious complications were rare, and there were no deaths during these transports. C1 [Minnick, Joanne M.; Torres, Pedro] US Army Inst Surg Res, Air Force Enroute Care Res Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. [Minnick, Joanne M.; King, James; Torres, Pedro] Mil Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. [Bebarta, Vikhyat S.] USAF, Enroute Care Res Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. [Bebarta, Vikhyat S.] San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. [Stanton, Marietta] Univ Alabama, Capstone Coll Nursing, Tuscaloosa, AL USA. [Lairet, Julio R.] Emory Univ, Dept Emergency Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [King, James] US Army Inst Surg Res, Air Force Enroute Care Res Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, San Antonio, TX USA. [Aden, James] US Army Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. [Ramirez, Rosemarie] Wilford Hall Ambulatory Surg Ctr, MDW Off Chief Scientist 59, Lackland AFB, TX USA. RP Minnick, JM (reprint author), Enroute Care Res Ctr, 3698 Chambers Pass, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM jodymm13@yahoo.com RI bebarta, vikhyat/K-3476-2015 NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0099-1767 EI 1527-2966 J9 J EMERG NURS JI J. Emerg. Nurs. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 39 IS 6 BP E101 EP E106 DI 10.1016/j.jen.2013.02.001 PG 6 WC Emergency Medicine; Nursing SC Emergency Medicine; Nursing GA 254EG UT WOS:000327146600001 PM 23684131 ER PT J AU Sloan, JA Filz, GM Collin, JG AF Sloan, J. A. Filz, G. M. Collin, J. G. TI Field-Scale Column-Supported Embankment Test Facility SO GEOTECHNICAL TESTING JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE column-supported embankment; arching; load transfer platform; geosynthetic reinforcement; bridging layers ID GEOSYNTHETIC REINFORCEMENT; PILE; SOIL; PLATFORMS; BEHAVIOR; MODEL; LOAD AB Column-supported embankments (CSEs) have seen increasing use in recent years where new embankments or widening of existing embankments is required over soft ground. The primary advantages of CSEs are more rapid single-phase construction and protection of adjacent facilities and embankments, but their use is limited because of lack of consensus on CSE design procedures. Investigations into CSE performance in the literature include bench-scale testing, centrifuge testing, case histories with instrumented test sections, numerical modeling, and a few examples of field-scale research test sections. This paper describes a field-scale CSE test facility that employs a unique approach where expanded polystyrene geofoam and its subsequent dissolution are used to model the soft soil beneath the CSE. The properties of the geofoam are similar to those of soft clay, although the geofoam layer is thin. The geofoam is dissolved after embankment construction using an environmentally friendly solvent to represent a worst-case scenario where there is zero soft soil support. Some field applications can approximate this condition. Based on an extensive literature review, the authors believe that this is the first published use of geofoam for temporary support of a column-supported test embankment, where the geofoam is later dissolved to remove support between columns. In addition to investigation of CSE behavior, the facility, instrumentation, and test concept have broader applications for investigation of other arching phenomenon including: localized loss of support beneath portions of other geotechnical structures such as mechanically stabilized earth walls, sinkhole mitigation, tunneling, and mining engineering. This paper focuses on description of the CSE test facility, materials, test procedures, and instrumentation. The results from one of the CSE tests are presented to illustrate the capabilities of the facility and data that can be collected. Future publications will present results from the entire CSE test program and make recommendations for CSE design. C1 [Sloan, J. A.] US Air Force, Cameron, NC 28326 USA. [Filz, G. M.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Collin, J. G.] Collin Grp, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Sloan, JA (reprint author), US Air Force, 131 Trenton Pl, Cameron, NC 28326 USA. EM joel.sloan@juno.com; filz@vt.edu; jim@thecollingroup.com FU U.S. Air Force; Strategic Highway Research Program [R02]; U.S. National Science Foundation [DGE-0504196] FX J.A.S. is funded by the U.S. Air Force while conducting this research. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Air Force, the Department of Defense or the U.S. Government. Portions of this research were funded by the Strategic Highway Research Program, project Number R02, Geotechnical Solutions for Soil Improvement, Rapid Embankment Construction, and Stabilization of the Pavement Working Platform. The information presented in this paper is based on work supported, in part, by the U.S. National Science Foundation under grant No. DGE-0504196. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, and recommendations in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. National Science Foundation. The writers thank Tensar Corporation for their generous donation of geogrid used in the CSE test. Professor Jie Han, University of Kansas, Professor Vern Schaefer, IA State University, and Barry Christopher, Independent Geotechnical Engineering Consultant, also provided insight to the authors during development of the test program and interpretation of results. The writers are also grateful to the students who assisted in the CSE field work: Steve Adamchak, Amanda Barngrover, Kolleen Carlson, Conrad Cho, Peter Duvigneaud, Bernadette McManamon, Alex Reeb, Evan Ruggles, and Lisa Vanhaute. NR 60 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 29 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0149-6115 EI 1945-7545 J9 GEOTECH TEST J JI Geotech. Test. J. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 36 IS 6 BP 891 EP 902 DI 10.1520/GTJ20120229 PG 12 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 251DO UT WOS:000326908200010 ER PT J AU Mundell, BF Friedberg, MW Eibner, C Mundell, WC AF Mundell, Benjamin F. Friedberg, Mark W. Eibner, Christine Mundell, William C. TI US Military Primary Care: Problems, Solutions, And Implications For Civilian Medicine SO HEALTH AFFAIRS LA English DT Article AB The US Military Health System (MHS), which is responsible for providing care to active and retired members of the military and their dependents, faces challenges in delivering cost-effective, high-quality primary care while maintaining a provider workforce capable of meeting both peacetime and wartime needs. The MHS has implemented workforce management strategies to address these challenges, including "medical home" teams for primary care and other strategies that expand the roles of nonphysician providers such as physician assistants, nurse practitioners, and medical technicians. Because these workforce strategies have been implemented relatively recently, there is limited evidence of their effectiveness. If they prove successful, they could serve as a model for the civilian sector. However, because the MHS model features a broad mix of provider types, changes to civilian scope-of-practice regulations for nonphysician providers would be necessary before the civilian provider mix could replicate that of the MHS. C1 [Mundell, Benjamin F.] US Air Force, Bedford, MA USA. [Friedberg, Mark W.] RAND Corp, Boston, MA USA. [Eibner, Christine] RAND Corp, Arlington, VA USA. [Mundell, William C.] Mayo Clin, Div Gen Internal Med, Rochester, MN USA. RP Mundell, BF (reprint author), US Air Force, Bedford, MA USA. EM benjamin.mundell.1@us.af.mil OI Mundell, Benjamin/0000-0002-7316-5098 NR 42 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU PROJECT HOPE PI BETHESDA PA 7500 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, STE 600, BETHESDA, MD 20814-6133 USA SN 0278-2715 J9 HEALTH AFFAIR JI Health Aff. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 32 IS 11 BP 1949 EP 1955 DI 10.1377/hlthaff.2013.0586 PG 7 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 250HN UT WOS:000326841400014 PM 24191085 ER PT J AU Covey, CJ Dy, DA AF Covey, Carlton J. Dy, David A. TI Diffuse, Pruritic, Papular Rash SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Covey, Carlton J.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Covey, Carlton J.; Dy, David A.] Nellis Family Med Residency, Nellis AFB, NV USA. RP Covey, CJ (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM carlton.covey@us.af.mil NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 USA SN 0002-838X EI 1532-0650 J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD NOV 1 PY 2013 VL 88 IS 9 BP 605 EP 606 PG 2 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 245UA UT WOS:000326488100010 PM 24364637 ER PT J AU Zingarelli, JC Cain, SC AF Zingarelli, John C. Cain, Stephen C. TI Phase retrieval and Zernike decomposition using measured intensity data and the estimated electric field SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID ABERRATIONS; IMAGE AB A new direct search phase retrieval technique for determining the optical prescription of an imaging system in terms of Zernike coefficients is described. The technique provides coefficient estimates without the need to defocus point source images to generate phase diversity by using electric field (E-field) estimates in addition to intensity data. Numerical analysis shows that E-field patterns in the image plane produced by the Zernike polynomials are less correlated with each other than the intensity patterns. Therefore, the E-field pattern provides more information for Zernike coefficient estimation than the intensity pattern alone. The phase retrieval is accomplished through an iterative process that uses the measured point source data to estimate the E-field pattern in the image plane with the Gerchberg-Saxton (GS) algorithm. The estimated E-field is correlated with a modeled E-field to produce estimates of the Zernike coefficients. Then the coefficients that minimize the error between measured data and the intensity model are selected. By using E-field estimates rather than phase estimates from the GS algorithm, the limitations of phase unwrapping for Zernike decomposition are avoided. Simulated point source data shows the new phase retrieval algorithm avoids getting trapped in local minima over a wide range of random aberrations. Experimental point source data are used to demonstrate the phase retrieval effectiveness. C1 [Zingarelli, John C.; Cain, Stephen C.] US Air Force, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Zingarelli, JC (reprint author), US Air Force, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM john.zingarelli@afti.edu NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD NOV 1 PY 2013 VL 52 IS 31 BP 7435 EP 7444 DI 10.1364/AO.52.007435 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 246VL UT WOS:000326568000005 PM 24216641 ER PT J AU Murphy, JP Webb, DE Hutchison, RA AF Murphy, James P. Webb, David E. Hutchison, Richard A. TI A case of small-bowel obstruction secondary to inadvertent ingestion of impression material SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Small-bowel obstruction; polysulfide impression material AB Background. Small-bowel obstruction (SBO) is responsible for approximately 12 to 16 percent of surgical hospital admissions and more than 300,000 operations annually in the United States. This has resulted in more than $2.3 billion in health care delivery per year. SBO is a serious complication, carrying a 10 percent risk of mortality. Case Description. The authors report a case of SBO resulting from inadvertent ingestion of polysulfide impression material. A 74-year-old man visited the emergency department with diffuse, nonradiating, colicky periumbilical pain. The patient was admitted to the general surgery service of the hospital, and after four days of supportive therapy without evidence of progression of the foreign body, he underwent an exploratory laparotomy. The authors later identified the foreign body as polysulfide impression material. Practical Implications. SBO is a rare but significant complication that can result from a procedure that clinicians perform on a routine basis. Dentists should consider this complication whenever they are concerned that a high-risk patient may have ingested dental materials. C1 [Murphy, James P.; Webb, David E.; Hutchison, Richard A.] US Air Force, Dent Corps, Travis AFB, CA USA. [Murphy, James P.; Webb, David E.] David Grant USAF Med Ctr, Dept Oral & Maxillofacial Surg, Travis AFB, CA USA. [Hutchison, Richard A.] David Grant USAF Med Ctr, Adv Educ Gen Dent Program, Travis AFB, CA USA. RP Murphy, JP (reprint author), 675 Stoverdale Rd, Hummelstown, PA 17036 USA. EM jpmurfi@hotmail.com NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER DENTAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 211 E CHICAGO AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60611 USA SN 0002-8177 EI 1943-4723 J9 J AM DENT ASSOC JI J. Am. Dent. Assoc. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 144 IS 11 BP 1252 EP 1255 PG 4 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 246DF UT WOS:000326516600008 PM 24177403 ER PT J AU Melko, JJ Ard, SG Shuman, NS Viggiano, AA AF Melko, Joshua J. Ard, Shaun G. Shuman, Nicholas S. Viggiano, Albert A. TI Temperature dependences for the reactions of Ar+, O-2(+), and C7H7+ with toluene and ethylbenzene SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE Flow-tube; Kinetics; Alkylbenzenes; Rate constants ID ION-MOLECULE REACTIONS; PI-PI-INTERACTIONS; FLOWING AFTERGLOW; CHARGE-TRANSFER; GAS-PHASE; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; GASEOUS BENZENE; TROPYLIUM ION; CATIONS AB We have studied the reactions of Ar+, O-2(+), and C2H2* with toluene (CH3-C6H5) and ethylbenzene (C2H5-C6H5) as a function of temperature. Ar+ reacts with C7H8 at the collision rate constant at both 300 and 500 K to produce mainly C7H7+ cations (similar to 85%), with the remainder of the reactivity divided into numerous small channels. The fraction of C7H7+ produced as benzylium(+) (6 membered ring, Bz(+)) as opposed to tropylium(+) (7 membered ring, Tr+) is determined through ion-molecule reactivity to be primarily Bz(+). The reaction of Ar+ with C8H10 proceeds at slightly lower than the collision rate constant at 300 K, but increases to the collision rate constant at 500 K. Over 80% of the products were C7H7+, the large majority of which also is Bz(+). The O-2(+) reaction with Csflio proceeds at the collision rate constant and produces C8H10+, C6H6+, and C7H7+, with the latter again primarily being Bz(+). C7H7+ was found to react with both CH3-C6H5 and C2H5-C6H5 by both collisionally stabilized clustering and a bimolecular reaction forming R-C6H4-CH2+. At 300 K the rate constants are about half of the collision rate constant and drop rapidly with temperature. About 2/3 of the products are clusters at 300 K, 1/3 at 400 K, and negligible amounts at 500 and 600 K. Evidence for thermal dissociation of the cluster is presented. Calculations show the most stable structure is the one where the methylene group of benzylium is coordinated at the para position of the alkylbenzene, with one phenyl group approximately 45 degrees out of plane relative to the other. A bond strength of 15-16 kcal mol(-1) is calculated for both neutrals. Numerous less stable structures were found. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Melko, Joshua J.; Ard, Shaun G.; Shuman, Nicholas S.; Viggiano, Albert A.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Viggiano, AA (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM afrl.rvborgmailbox@kirtland.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [AFOSR-2303EP]; National Research Council FX We are grateful for the support of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research for this work under Project AFOSR-2303EP. J.J.M. and S.G.A. acknowledge the support of the National Research Council. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 EI 1873-2798 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD NOV 1 PY 2013 VL 353 BP 60 EP 66 DI 10.1016/j.ijms.2013.06.017 PG 7 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 246SV UT WOS:000326560300010 ER PT J AU Armstrong, MA Pollock, GF AF Armstrong, Matthew A. Pollock, Gary F. TI PERICARDITIS AND PULMONARY ARTERY STENOSIS DUE TO AN EXTRAGONADAL NON-SEMINOMATOUS GERM CELL TUMOR: CASE REPORT AND REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE SO JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE pericarditis; germ cell tumor; mediastinal mass; extragonadal ID MEDIASTINUM AB Background: Chest pain is a common complaint in the Emergency Department that rarely can be attributed to anterior mediastinal masses. Objectives: We review the differential diagnosis for anterior mediastinal masses and their potential consequences. Case Report: An unusual case of chest pain in a young male patient is presented that is caused by an anterior mediastinal mass associated with pericarditis and right ventricular outflow obstruction. Conclusion: Pericarditis and right ventricular outflow obstruction are potential complications of anterior mediastinal non-seminomatous germ cell tumors. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Armstrong, Matthew A.] Mike OCallaghan Fed Med Ctr, Nellis AFB, NV 89191 USA. [Pollock, Gary F.] Univ Pittsburgh Emergency Med Residency, UPMC Mercy, Dept Emergency Med, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Armstrong, MA (reprint author), Mike OCallaghan Fed Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, 4700 North Las Vegas Blvd, Nellis AFB, NV 89191 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0736-4679 EI 1090-1280 J9 J EMERG MED JI J. Emerg. Med. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 45 IS 5 BP E157 EP E160 DI 10.1016/j.jemermed.2013.05.020 PG 4 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 242VP UT WOS:000326272300004 PM 23890690 ER PT J AU Connor, MP Bush, AC Brennan, J AF Connor, Matthew P. Bush, Anneke C. Brennan, Joseph TI IMOUTA: A Proposal for Patient Care Handoffs SO LARYNGOSCOPE LA English DT Article DE Handoffs; sign-out; residency; education ID RESIDENT SIGN-OUT; COMMUNICATION; INFORMATION; RISK AB Objectives/HypothesisAn increased frequency of patient handoffs has occurred as a result of the new resident work-hour restrictions that have recently been instituted. Inadequate handoff of patient care has been associated with adverse patient events due to residents being unprepared for events that happen during cross cover periods. The objective of our study was to develop and test the effectiveness of a patient handoff method in an otolaryngology residency program. Study DesignSingle-blinded controlled clinical trial. MethodsA standardized, anonymous questionnaire was developed that scored on-call residents' understanding of their patients' diagnoses, hospital courses, active concerns, and treatment plans. For the first 45 days, residents used their traditional handoff. This handoff was prepared by the residents, relaying relevant patient information without any structured format. For the next 45 days, the residents followed the acronym of IMOUTA for handoffs. This mnemonic was developed to help residents identify data (I), medical course (M), outcomes possible tonight (OU), responsibilities to do tonight (T), and opportunity to ask questions and give morning feedback in the AM (A). The questionnaires were then compared at the end of the study. ResultsThe residents who used the IMOUTA acronym scored significantly higher on their perceived knowledge of patients diagnoses (P=0.001), hospital courses (P <0.001), active concerns (P <0.001), and treatment plans (P <0.001). ConclusionResidents felt significantly better prepared for call duties when using the IMOUTA acronym. This standardized system of patient handoff may also be valuable to other residency programs. C1 [Bush, Anneke C.] Wilford Hall Ambulatory Surg Ctr, Clin Investigat Div, Lackland AFB, TX USA. [Connor, Matthew P.] San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. [Brennan, Joseph] San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. RP Connor, MP (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, USAF MC Dept Otolaryngol, SSS SG020,2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 100, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM matthew.p.connor@gmail.com NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0023-852X EI 1531-4995 J9 LARYNGOSCOPE JI Laryngoscope PD NOV PY 2013 VL 123 IS 11 BP 2649 EP 2653 DI 10.1002/lary.24118 PG 5 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Otorhinolaryngology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Otorhinolaryngology GA 242IA UT WOS:000326231200024 PM 23620111 ER PT J AU Millan, RM McCarthy, MP Sample, JG Smith, DM Thompson, LD McGaw, DG Woodger, LA Hewitt, JG Comess, MD Yando, KB Liang, AX Anderson, BA Knezek, NR Rexroad, WZ Scheiman, JM Bowers, GS Halford, AJ Collier, AB Clilverd, MA Lin, RP Hudson, MK AF Millan, R. M. McCarthy, M. P. Sample, J. G. Smith, D. M. Thompson, L. D. McGaw, D. G. Woodger, L. A. Hewitt, J. G. Comess, M. D. Yando, K. B. Liang, A. X. Anderson, B. A. Knezek, N. R. Rexroad, W. Z. Scheiman, J. M. Bowers, G. S. Halford, A. J. Collier, A. B. Clilverd, M. A. Lin, R. P. Hudson, M. K. TI The Balloon Array for RBSP Relativistic Electron Losses (BARREL) SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Radiation belts; Wave-particle interactions; Electron precipitation ID ION-CYCLOTRON WAVES; OUTER RADIATION BELT; X-RAYS; LOSS MECHANISMS; GEM STORMS; PRECIPITATION; MICROBURSTS; RESOLUTION; SAMPEX AB BARREL is a multiple-balloon investigation designed to study electron losses from Earth's Radiation Belts. Selected as a NASA Living with a Star Mission of Opportunity, BARREL augments the Radiation Belt Storm Probes mission by providing measurements of relativistic electron precipitation with a pair of Antarctic balloon campaigns that will be conducted during the Austral summers (January-February) of 2013 and 2014. During each campaign, a total of 20 small (similar to 20 kg) stratospheric balloons will be successively launched to maintain an array of similar to 5 payloads spread across similar to 6 hours of magnetic local time in the region that magnetically maps to the radiation belts. Each balloon carries an X-ray spectrometer to measure the bremsstrahlung X-rays produced by precipitating relativistic electrons as they collide with neutrals in the atmosphere, and a DC magnetometer to measure ULF-timescale variations of the magnetic field. BARREL will provide the first balloon measurements of relativistic electron precipitation while comprehensive in situ measurements of both plasma waves and energetic particles are available, and will characterize the spatial scale of precipitation at relativistic energies. All data and analysis software will be made freely available to the scientific community. C1 [Millan, R. M.; McGaw, D. G.; Woodger, L. A.; Anderson, B. A.; Knezek, N. R.; Scheiman, J. M.; Halford, A. J.; Hudson, M. K.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [McCarthy, M. P.] Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Sample, J. G.; Lin, R. P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Sample, J. G.; Yando, K. B.; Lin, R. P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Smith, D. M.; Liang, A. X.; Rexroad, W. Z.; Bowers, G. S.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Thompson, L. D.] NASA, Wallops Flight Facil, Wallops Isl, VA 23337 USA. [Hewitt, J. G.] USAF Acad, Dept Phys DFP, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Comess, M. D.] Space X, Hawthorne, CA 90250 USA. [Collier, A. B.] Univ Kwazulu Natal, Sch Phys, ZA-4001 Durban, South Africa. [Clilverd, M. A.] British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. [Lin, R. P.] Kyung Hee Univ, Sch Space Res, Yongin, South Korea. RP Millan, RM (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM Robyn.Millan@dartmouth.edu OI Anderson, Brett/0000-0001-5937-5497; Halford, Alexa/0000-0002-5383-4602 FU NASA Living With a Star program through NASA at Dartmouth College [NNX08AM58G]; Natural Environmental Research Council under the Antarctic Funding Initiative [AFI/11/22] FX BARREL is supported by the NASA Living With a Star program through NASA grant NNX08AM58G at Dartmouth College. Support for operations was provided by the Columbia Scientific Balloon Facility, the NASA Balloon Program Office, and the National Science Foundation's Office of Polar Programs. MAC has received funding from the Natural Environmental Research Council under the Antarctic Funding Initiative (AFI/11/22). The BARREL science campaigns were supported by NERC/British Antarctic Survey, SANSA Space Science, and the University of KwaZulu-Natal. NR 41 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 EI 1572-9672 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 179 IS 1-4 BP 503 EP 530 DI 10.1007/s11214-013-9971-z PG 28 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 244IM UT WOS:000326381300014 ER PT J AU Ginet, GP O'Brien, TP Huston, SL Johnston, WR Guild, TB Friedel, R Lindstrom, CD Roth, CJ Whelan, P Quinn, RA Madden, D Morley, S Su, YJ AF Ginet, G. P. O'Brien, T. P. Huston, S. L. Johnston, W. R. Guild, T. B. Friedel, R. Lindstrom, C. D. Roth, C. J. Whelan, P. Quinn, R. A. Madden, D. Morley, S. Su, Yi-Jiun TI AE9, AP9 and SPM: New Models for Specifying the Trapped Energetic Particle and Space Plasma Environment SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Radiation belt modeling; Energetic trapped particles; Space environment climatology; Space weather ID PROBABILITY MODEL; BELT; CRRES; MAGNETOSPHERE; SPECIFICATION; FLUXES; ORBIT; FIELD AB The radiation belts and plasma in the Earth's magnetosphere pose hazards to satellite systems which restrict design and orbit options with a resultant impact on mission performance and cost. For decades the standard space environment specification used for spacecraft design has been provided by the NASA AE8 and AP8 trapped radiation belt models. There are well-known limitations on their performance, however, and the need for a new trapped radiation and plasma model has been recognized by the engineering community for some time. To address this challenge a new set of models, denoted AE9/AP9/SPM, for energetic electrons, energetic protons and space plasma has been developed. The new models offer significant improvements including more detailed spatial resolution and the quantification of uncertainty due to both space weather and instrument errors. Fundamental to the model design, construction and operation are a number of new data sets and a novel statistical approach which captures first order temporal and spatial correlations allowing for the Monte-Carlo estimation of flux thresholds for user-specified percentile levels (e.g., 50th and 95th) over the course of the mission. An overview of the model architecture, data reduction methods, statistics algorithms, user application and initial validation is presented in this paper. C1 [Ginet, G. P.] MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 20420 USA. [O'Brien, T. P.; Guild, T. B.] Aerosp Corp, Chantilly, VA 20151 USA. [Huston, S. L.; Madden, D.] Inst Sci Res, Boston, MA 02467 USA. [Johnston, W. R.; Lindstrom, C. D.; Su, Yi-Jiun] AF Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Roth, C. J.; Whelan, P.; Quinn, R. A.] Atmospher & Environm Res Inc, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. [Friedel, R.; Morley, S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ginet, GP (reprint author), MIT, Lincoln Lab, 244 Wood St, Lexington, MA 20420 USA. EM gregory.ginet@ll.mit.edu RI Morley, Steven/A-8321-2008; Friedel, Reiner/D-1410-2012 OI Morley, Steven/0000-0001-8520-0199; Friedel, Reiner/0000-0002-5228-0281 FU Air Force contracts [FA8718-05-C-0036, FA8718-10-C-001, FA8721-05-C-0002, FA8802-09-C-0001]; NASA grant [NNG05GM22G] FX Many people have been involved in building AE9/AP9/SPM. Much credit is due Clark Groves for getting the project started. The authors especially wish to thank Joe Mazur, Bern Blake, Jim Roeder and Joe Fennell for technical advice on the HEO, ICO and POLAR/CAMMICE data; Richard Selesnick for cleaning and analysis of the SAMPEX/PET and POLAR/HISTp data and for his physics-based proton belt climatology model; Jon Niehof and Jack Scudder for access to their versions of the POLAR/MICS and POLAR/HYDRA data; Jean-Andre Sauvaud for use of the DEMETER data; Don Brautigam, Sebastien Bourdarie, Daniel Boscher, Jay Albert, Kara Perry, Brian Wie and Seth Claudepierre for technical assistance; Bill Olson, Dave Byers, James Metcalf, Michael Starks, Tim Alsruhe and Geoff Reeves for project management; Bob Weigel and Mike Xapsos for ViRBO and LWS-SET website support; Sharon Benedict for graphics support; Dave Chenette and Michael Bodeau for helping define the requirements; and the "short list" of engineers and scientists who tested the beta versions and provided valuable feedback all along the way. This work was supported through Air Force contracts FA8718-05-C-0036, FA8718-10-C-001, FA8721-05-C-0002 and FA8802-09-C-0001 and NASA grant NNG05GM22G. NR 78 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 EI 1572-9672 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 179 IS 1-4 BP 579 EP 615 DI 10.1007/s11214-013-9964-y PG 37 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 244IM UT WOS:000326381300017 ER PT J AU Stenbaek-Nielsen, HC Kanmae, T McHarg, MG Haaland, R AF Stenbaek-Nielsen, H. C. Kanmae, T. McHarg, M. G. Haaland, R. TI High-Speed Observations of Sprite Streamers SO SURVEYS IN GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Review DE Sprites; Mesosphere; Streamers; Lightning; Electric discharges ID LOWER IONOSPHERE; PHOTOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS; ELECTRIC-FIELDS; RED SPRITES; EMISSIONS; ELVES; IONIZATION; AIR; IDENTIFICATION; DISCHARGES AB Sprites are optical emissions in the mesosphere mainly at altitudes 50-90 km. They are caused by the sudden re-distribution of charge due to lightning in the troposphere which can produce electric fields in the mesosphere in excess of the local breakdown field. The resulting optical displays can be spectacular and this has led to research into the physics and chemistry involved. Imaging at faster than 5,000 frames per second has revealed streamer discharges to be an important and very dynamic part of sprites, and this paper will review high-speed observations of sprite streamers. Streamers are initiated in the 65-85 km altitude range and observed to propagate both down and up at velocities normally in the 10(6)-5 x 10(7) m/s range. Sprite streamer heads are small, typically less than a few hundreds of meters, but very bright and appear in images much like stars with signals up to that expected of a magnitude -6 star. Many details of streamer formation have been modeled and successfully compared with observations. Streamers frequently split into multiple sub-streamers. The splitting is very fast. To resolve details will require framing rates higher than the maximum 32,000 fps used so far. Sprite streamers are similar to streamers observed in the laboratory and, although many features appear to obey simple scaling laws, recent work indicates that there are limits to the scaling. C1 [Stenbaek-Nielsen, H. C.; Kanmae, T.] Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK USA. [McHarg, M. G.] US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO USA. [Haaland, R.] Ft Lewis Coll, Durango, CO 81301 USA. RP Stenbaek-Nielsen, HC (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, 903 Koyukuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK USA. EM hnielsen@gi.alaska.edu; tkammae@gi.alaska.edu; Matthew.Mcharg@usafa.edu; haaland_r@fortlewis.edu OI Kanmae, Takeshi/0000-0001-9893-9718 FU Japanese Broadcasting Corporation, NHK; US National Science Foundation; US Air Force Academy; DARPA FX Discussions with Drs. U. Ebert, S. Cummer, N. Y. Liu, A. Luque, T. Neubert and V. Pasko are gratefully acknowledged. The data used in Fig. 7 were obtained on a sprite aircraft mission in July 2011 sponsored by the Japanese Broadcasting Corporation, NHK. Research funding has been provided by the US National Science Foundation grants to the University of Alaska Fairbanks, and the US Air Force Academy, and by DARPA through a grant to the University of Florida. NR 98 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-3298 EI 1573-0956 J9 SURV GEOPHYS JI Surv. Geophys. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 34 IS 6 BP 769 EP 795 DI 10.1007/s10712-013-9224-4 PG 27 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 244RD UT WOS:000326406200005 ER PT J AU Pruitt, KA Braun, RJ Newman, AM AF Pruitt, Kristopher A. Braun, Robert J. Newman, Alexandra M. TI Establishing conditions for the economic viability of fuel cell-based, combined heat and power distributed generation systems SO APPLIED ENERGY LA English DT Article DE Mixed integer programming; Economic viability; Distributed generation; Combined heat and power; Fuel cell; Carbon tax ID TURBOCHARGED DIESEL-ENGINE; POLLUTANT EMISSIONS; ELECTRIC VEHICLE; DRIVING CYCLES; NOX EMISSIONS; LIMIT VALUES; TRUCKS; NETHERLANDS; MODEL; CITY AB Combined heat and power (CHP), distributed generation (DG) technologies have the potential to provide economic savings to commercial building owners in certain markets, if the system is appropriately configured, sized, and operated. Numerous optimization models exist for determining the design and dispatch of a DG system, and some require a great deal of time and computing power to determine building-market scenarios for which the optimal solution includes the acquisition of CHP technologies. Thus, it is beneficial to identify which scenarios are likely to be economically viable prior to solving an optimization model that determines the lowest-cost system design and dispatch. Accordingly, we derive conditions for the economic viability of a CHP DG technology by comparing the total operational savings afforded by the technology to its total installed cost. We demonstrate these conditions numerically in eight distinct scenarios that include the installation of a fuel cell-based CHP system for various building types and energy markets. Using these scenarios, we examine the energy, emissions, operations and maintenance, and peak demand savings provided by the DG system, and determine which scenarios are likely to result in total savings that exceed the total installed cost. Results indicate that the combination of building type, energy market, and system design and dispatch in a given scenario have a significant impact on the economic viability of the CHP system. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Pruitt, Kristopher A.] US Air Force Acad, Dept Math Sci, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Braun, Robert J.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Mech Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Newman, Alexandra M.] Colorado Sch Mines, Div Econ & Business, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Braun, RJ (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Mech Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM rbraun@mines.edu NR 51 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0306-2619 EI 1872-9118 J9 APPL ENERG JI Appl. Energy PD NOV PY 2013 VL 111 BP 904 EP 929 DI 10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.06.025 PG 26 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 236YH UT WOS:000325834900084 ER PT J AU Stephan, CN Simpson, EK Byrd, JE AF Stephan, Carl N. Simpson, Ellie K. Byrd, John E. TI Facial Soft Tissue Depth Statistics and Enhanced Point Estimators for Craniofacial Identification: The Debut of the Shorth and the 75-Shormax SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE forensic science; facial approximation; facial reconstruction; photographic superimposition; video superimposition; facial soft tissue thickness; skeletal identification ID AURICULAR SURFACE; AGE ESTIMATION; THICKNESS DATABASE; PHASE-ANALYSIS; ADULT DATA; OS-PUBIS; RECONSTRUCTION; CHILDREN; PROFILE; GROWTH AB Several methods that have customarily been used in craniofacial identification to describe facial soft tissue depths (FSTDs) implore improvement. They include the calculation of arithmetic means for skewed data, omission of concern for measurement uncertainty, oversight of effect size, and misuse of statistical significance tests (e.g., p-values for strength of association). This paper redresses these limitations using FSTDs from 10 prior studies (N=516). Measurement uncertainty was large (>20% of the FSTD), skewness (0.8) existed at 11 of the 23 FSTD landmarks examined, and sex and age each explained <4% of the total FSTD variance ((2) calculated as part of MANOVA). These results call for a new and improved conceptualization of FSTDs, which is attained by the replacement of arithmetic means with shorths and 75-shormaxes. The outcomes of this implementation are dramatic reduction in FSTD complexity; improved data accuracy; and new data-driven standards for casework application of methods. C1 [Stephan, Carl N.; Byrd, John E.] Joint Base Pearl Harbor Hickam, Cent Identificat Lab, Joint POW MIA Accounting Command, Hickam AFB, HI 96853 USA. [Stephan, Carl N.] Univ Queensland, Sch Biomed Sci, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Simpson, Ellie K.] Forens Sci South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia. RP Stephan, CN (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Sch Biomed Sci, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. EM c.stephan@uq.edu.au RI Stephan, Carl/A-8176-2015 OI Stephan, Carl/0000-0001-8696-3809 FU Postgraduate Research Participation Program at the Joint POW/MIA Accounting Command Central Identification Laboratory (JPAC-CIL) FX Supported, in part, by an appointment to the Postgraduate Research Participation Program at the Joint POW/MIA Accounting Command Central Identification Laboratory (JPAC-CIL) administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and JPAC-CIL. NR 119 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1198 EI 1556-4029 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 58 IS 6 BP 1439 EP 1457 DI 10.1111/1556-4029.12252 PG 19 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 241RT UT WOS:000326185900004 PM 24147787 ER PT J AU Bewick, BT O'Laughlin, CG Williamson, EB AF Bewick, Bryan T. O'Laughlin, Casey G. Williamson, Eric B. TI Evaluation of Conventional Construction Techniques for Enhancing the Blast Resistance of Steel Stud Walls SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Cold-formed steel; Studs; Laboratory tests; Blasting; Structural design; Construction methods; Cold-formed steel studs; Laboratory testing; Blast-resistant design AB Cold-formed steel stud walls are an attractive alternative to wooden stud walls because of their ductility, sustainability, and resistance to insects, mold, and rot. To date, engineers have faced challenges using steel stud walls to mitigate blast loads because of strict response limits set forth by existing standards that address blast-resistant design. Because of the limited past research on the response of steel stud walls subject to blasts, uncertainties exist regarding how these systems transition from elastic to inelastic response, particularly when lateral torsional buckling or local buckling of a section occurs. Existing standards used to design structures to mitigate blast loads penalize the use of steel stud walls by incorporating large safety factors that make the design of these systems uneconomical, which prevents engineers from taking full advantage of their benefits. The goal of the research described in this paper is to evaluate the suitability of conventional construction techniques to design and build steel stud walls that are capable of resisting blast effects associated with common threat scenarios. The work carried out to meet this goal included four controlled series of laboratory experiments. Results from this study demonstrate that the overall stiffness and strength of steel stud walls can be significantly greater than the values currently indicated in available design guidelines and that steel stud walls can be utilized to resist blast threats using conventional construction methods that add little cost to traditional designs. C1 [Bewick, Bryan T.] Protect Engn Consultants, Austin, TX 78737 USA. [Bewick, Bryan T.] Air Force Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. [O'Laughlin, Casey G.] Jacobs Technol Adv Syst Grp, Ft Walton Beach, FL 32547 USA. [Williamson, Eric B.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Civil Architectural & Environm Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Williamson, EB (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Dept Civil Architectural & Environm Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM bbewick@protection-consultants.com; casey.olaughlin.ctr@tyndall.af.mil; ewilliamson@mail.utexas.edu NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 11 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9445 EI 1943-541X J9 J STRUCT ENG JI J. Struct. Eng. PD NOV 1 PY 2013 VL 139 IS 11 BP 1992 EP 2002 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000760 PG 11 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 234KD UT WOS:000325641500018 ER PT J AU Praisner, TJ Grover, EA Knezevici, DC Popovic, I Sjolander, SA Clark, JP Sondergaard, R AF Praisner, T. J. Grover, E. A. Knezevici, D. C. Popovic, I. Sjolander, S. A. Clark, J. P. Sondergaard, R. TI Toward the Expansion of Low-Pressure-Turbine Airfoil Design Space SO JOURNAL OF TURBOMACHINERY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID VORTEX GENERATOR JETS; PREDICTING TRANSITION; SEPARATION CONTROL; HIGH LIFT; BLADE; TURBOMACHINERY; PROFILES; CASCADES; FLOW AB Future engine requirements, including high-altitude flight of unmanned air vehicles as well as an impetus to reduce engine cost and weight, are challenging the current state of the art in low-pressure-turbine airfoil design. These new requirements present low-Reynolds number challenges as well as the need for high-performance, high-lift design concepts. Here, we report on an effort to expand the relatively well established aerodynamic design space for low-pressure turbine airfoils through the application of recent developments in transition modeling to airfoil design. Analytical and experimental mid-span performance data and predicted loadings are presented for four high-lift airfoil designs based on the Pack B velocity triangles. The new designs represent a systematic expansion of low-pressure turbine airfoil design space through the application of high-lift design concepts for front-and aft-loaded airfoils. All four designs performed as predicted across a range of operationally representative Reynolds numbers. Full-span loss data for the new high-lift designs reveal increased endwall losses, which, with the application of nonaxisymmetric endwall contouring, have been substantially reduced. Taken holistically, the results presented here demonstrate that accurate transition modeling provides a reliable method to develop optimized, very high-lift airfoil designs. However, further improvements in endwall-loss mitigation technologies are required to enable the implementation of the very high-lift technology presented here in engine systems. C1 [Praisner, T. J.; Grover, E. A.] United Technol Corp, Pratt & Whitney, E Hartford, CT 06108 USA. [Knezevici, D. C.; Popovic, I.; Sjolander, S. A.] Carleton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. [Clark, J. P.; Sondergaard, R.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Praisner, TJ (reprint author), United Technol Corp, Pratt & Whitney, E Hartford, CT 06108 USA. NR 40 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 8 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0889-504X EI 1528-8900 J9 J TURBOMACH JI J. Turbomach.-Trans. ASME PD NOV PY 2013 VL 135 IS 6 AR 061007 DI 10.1115/1.4024796 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 239KS UT WOS:000326023100007 ER PT J AU Seaver, M Chattopadhyay, A Papandreou-Suppapola, A Kim, SB Kovvali, N Farrar, CR Triplett, MH Derriso, MM AF Seaver, Mark Chattopadhyay, Aditi Papandreou-Suppapola, Antonia Kim, Seung B. Kovvali, Narayan Farrar, Charles R. Triplett, Matt H. Derriso, Mark M. TI Workshop on transitioning structural health monitoring technology to military platforms SO JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT MATERIAL SYSTEMS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE Structural health monitoring; control; embedded intelligence AB Interest in structural health monitoring/management is attracting lots of attention across a spectrum that ranges from sensor developers to end users. The US military, in particular, is making a concerted effort to implement condition-based maintenance as a means of reducing the life cycle costs and improving availability of various weapon platforms. Despite this effort, the majority of installed health monitoring systems are limited to rotating machinery such as engines, transmissions, and other gear boxes. The goal of this workshop was to bring together representatives from military, industry, and academia covering the spectrum from hardware developers to end users and platform managers and have them discuss issues that must be addressed as structural health monitoring systems mature to the point that managers will implement them. This article describes those discussions and highlights important issues that need to be addressed as structural health monitoring systems make the transition from laboratory scale demonstrations to real-world use. C1 [Seaver, Mark] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Chattopadhyay, Aditi; Kim, Seung B.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Engn Matter Transport & Energy, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Papandreou-Suppapola, Antonia; Kovvali, Narayan] Arizona State Univ, Sch Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Kim, Seung B.] United Technol Res Ctr, E Hartford, CT 06118 USA. [Farrar, Charles R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Inst, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Triplett, Matt H.] AMSRD AMR PS AM, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. [Derriso, Mark M.] Air Force Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Seaver, M (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Code 5673, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mark.seaver.ctr@nrl.navy.mil RI Lin, Zhao/C-8319-2011; OI Lin, Zhao/0000-0002-6131-9723; Farrar, Charles/0000-0001-6533-6996 FU Office of Naval Research; Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Air Force Research Laboratory; Army Aviation and Missile Research Development and Engineering Center FX This research was funded by Ignacio Perez (Office of Naval Research), David Stargel (Air Force Office of Scientific Research), Mark Derriso (Air Force Research Laboratory), and Matt Triplett (Army Aviation and Missile Research Development and Engineering Center). NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1045-389X EI 1530-8138 J9 J INTEL MAT SYST STR JI J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 24 IS 17 SI SI BP 2063 EP 2073 DI 10.1177/1045389X12440753 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 235HF UT WOS:000325707100002 ER PT J AU Ramesh, K Gopalarathnam, A Edwards, JR Ol, MV Granlund, K AF Ramesh, Kiran Gopalarathnam, Ashok Edwards, Jack R. Ol, Michael V. Granlund, Kenneth TI An unsteady airfoil theory applied to pitching motions validated against experiment and computation SO THEORETICAL AND COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Unsteady aerodynamics; Airfoil aerodynamics; Leading-edge vortex ID STEADY SEPARATED FLOW; AERODYNAMIC MODEL; FLAPPING WINGS; DYNAMIC STALL; INSECT FLIGHT; PLUNGE; HOVER AB An inviscid theoretical method that is applicable to non-periodic motions and that accounts for large amplitudes and non-planar wakes (large-angle unsteady thin airfoil theory) is developed. A pitch-up, hold, pitch-down motion for a flat plate at Reynolds number 10,000 is studied using this theoretical method and also using computational (immersed boundary method) and experimental (water tunnel) methods. Results from theory are compared against those from computation and experiment which are also compared with each other. The variation of circulatory and apparent-mass loads as a function of pivot location for this motion is examined. The flow phenomena leading up to leading-edge vortex shedding and the limit of validity of the inviscid theory in the face of vortex-dominated flows are investigated. Also, the effect of pitch amplitude on leading-edge vortex shedding is examined, and two distinctly different vortex-dominated flows are studied using dye flow visualizations from experiment and vorticity plots from computation. C1 [Ramesh, Kiran; Gopalarathnam, Ashok; Edwards, Jack R.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Ol, Michael V.; Granlund, Kenneth] US Air Force Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, WPAFB, AFRL RBAL, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Ramesh, K (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM kramesh2@ncsu.edu; ashok_g@ncsu.edu; jredward@ncsu.edu; Michael.Ol@wpafb.af.mil; Kenneth.Granlund.ctr@wpafb.af.mil RI Ramesh, Kiran/D-2649-2014 OI Ramesh, Kiran/0000-0001-5555-1860 FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA 9950-10-1-0120] FX The authors wish to gratefully acknowledge the support of the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research through grant FA 9950-10-1-0120; program manager: Douglas Smith. NR 39 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0935-4964 EI 1432-2250 J9 THEOR COMP FLUID DYN JI Theor. Comput. Fluid Dyn. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 27 IS 6 BP 843 EP 864 DI 10.1007/s00162-012-0292-8 PG 22 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 234HW UT WOS:000325634700006 ER PT J AU Pilchak, AL Szczepanski, CJ Shaffer, JA Salem, AA Semiatin, SL AF Pilchak, A. L. Szczepanski, C. J. Shaffer, J. A. Salem, A. A. Semiatin, S. L. TI Characterization of Microstructure, Texture, and Microtexture in Near-Alpha Titanium Mill Products SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BACKSCATTER DIFFRACTION DATA; BIMODAL IMI-834 BILLET; DYNAMIC GLOBULARIZATION; HOT-WORKING; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; LAMELLAR MICROSTRUCTURE; STATIC GLOBULARIZATION; BETA-PHASE; TI-6AL-4V; ALLOY AB Microstructure, texture, and microtexture in Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo-0.1Si billet/bar of three different diameters (57, 152, and 209 mm) were quantified using backscattered electron imaging and electron backscatter diffraction. All three billets exhibited a microstructure comprising a large fraction (>= 70 pct) of primary alpha particles, the average size of which decreased and aspect ratio increased with increasing reduction/decreasing billet diameter, or trends suggestive of low final hot working temperatures and/or slow cooling rates after deformation. Appreciable radial variations in the volume fraction and aspect ratio of alpha particles were noticeable only for the smallest-diameter billet. Alpha-phase textures were typical of axisymmetric deformation, but were relatively weak (similar to 3x random) for all billet diameters. By contrast, bands of microtexture, which were multiple millimeters in length along the axial direction, were relatively strong for all of the materials. The intensity and radial thickness of the bands tended to decrease with decreasing billet diameter, thus indicating the important influence of imposed strain on the elimination of microtexture and the possible influence of surface preform microstructure following the beta quench on the evolution of microstructure and microtexture. C1 [Pilchak, A. L.; Szczepanski, C. J.; Semiatin, S. L.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXCM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Shaffer, J. A.; Salem, A. A.] Mat Resources LLC, Dayton, OH 45434 USA. RP Pilchak, AL (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXCM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM adam.pilchak@wpafb.af.mil RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017; OI Salem, Ayman/0000-0003-0907-1502 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [12RX01COR]; Air Force Contract [FA8650-07-D-5800] FX This work was performed as part of the in-house research activities of the Air Force Research Laboratory's Materials and Manufacturing Directorate. The support and encouragement of the Laboratory management are gratefully acknowledged. One of the authors (ALP) also wishes to acknowledge support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Task#12RX01COR, Dr. Ali Sayir, program manager). The assistance of J.C. Mossing, A. Blankenship, and M. Ahrens with sample preparation and image analysis is appreciated. Two of the authors (JAS and AAS) were supported through Air Force Contract FA8650-07-D-5800. NR 40 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 6 U2 46 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 44A IS 11 BP 4881 EP 4890 DI 10.1007/s11661-013-1804-x PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 223QM UT WOS:000324822100006 ER PT J AU Burba, ME Caton, MJ Jha, SK Szczepanski, CJ AF Burba, M. E. Caton, M. J. Jha, S. K. Szczepanski, C. J. TI Effect of Aging Treatment on Fatigue Behavior of an Al-Cu-Mg-Ag Alloy SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID VARIABILITY BEHAVIOR; ALUMINUM-ALLOYS; LIFE-PREDICTION; GRAIN-STRUCTURE; CRACK AB An investigation of the fatigue properties of an Al-Cu-Mg-Ag alloy with two different heat treatments-peak aged (T6), and peak aged interrupted (T6I4)-has been conducted. While the strength levels resulting from the two heat treatments were similar, the main difference between the microstructures was that the peak aged interrupted material contained a higher volume fraction of the theta' precipitates. This study specifically focused on the effects of these treatments on the fatigue lifetime distribution, and the role of crack initiation vs the small crack growth behavior. Several total fatigue lifetime tests were completed at room temperature and at a given stress level to characterize the distribution in fatigue lifetimes. Fatigue results indicate that there is almost no difference in the mean lifetime for either heat treatment, but there is a significant difference in the minimum lifetimes, where the peak aged condition exhibited a higher propensity for life-limiting failure mechanisms. The small crack growth behavior of the two aging treatments was studied both at room temperature and elevated temperature by means of a standard acetate replication method. The small crack growth rates at both temperatures were largely unaffected by the different aging treatments. Based on the given number of tests, results suggest that the life-limiting fatigue failures of the two aging treatments are primarily governed by different crack initiation mechanisms due to the differences seen in the density of theta' precipitates. C1 [Burba, M. E.] Univ Dayton, Dept Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Burba, M. E.; Caton, M. J.; Jha, S. K.; Szczepanski, C. J.] US Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXCM, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Jha, S. K.] Univ Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Burba, ME (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Dept Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM micheal.burba.ctr@wpafb.af.mil FU AFOSR; SOCHE; DAGSI FX The authors would like to thank Dr. Roger Lumley (CSIRO, Australia) for the material used in this study as well as the AFOSR for funding. In addition, a show of gratitude goes to P. Blosser and D. Osborne who aided in the mechanical testing of the fatigue specimens. The authors would also like to express their appreciation to S. Daniels for the preparation of the TEM samples, and Dr. R. Wheeler for the TEM imaging and analysis. One of the authors (MEB) thanks both SOCHE and DAGSI for their funding. NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 44A IS 11 BP 4954 EP 4967 DI 10.1007/s11661-013-1876-7 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 223QM UT WOS:000324822100013 ER PT J AU Zhang, J Prater, EL Lipkin, I AF Zhang, Jie Prater, Edmund L. Lipkin, Ilya TI Feedback reviews and bidding in online auctions: An integrated hedonic regression and fuzzy logic expert system approach SO DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS LA English DT Review DE Online auction; Hedonic regression; Fuzzy logic; Bidding behavior ID IMPLICIT MARKETS; EBAY AUCTIONS; REPUTATION; PRICES; INTERNET; DEMAND AB In online auctions, user-generated feedback reviews provide first-hand information on the trustworthiness of transaction partners to the community. To examine how the feedback reviews are taken into account of the buyers' bidding decisions and thus affect the final winning price of an auction, we thoroughly examine how buyers mentally interpret the seller's reviews and adjust the bids accordingly. With ample bidding results data from a popular auction website eBay.com, this paper adopts an integrated approach of Fuzzy Logic Expert System (FLES) model and a statistical hedonic regression model to examine the research question. In particular, we use the hedonic regression approach to select key variables, which are then entered into a FLES analysis to generate knowledge base regarding the relationships between variables such as item characteristics, auction characteristics and review scores, and the final winning price. This integrated approach combines the advantages of both methods, and also overcomes their own limitations. In addition, we also present the insights gained from bidding behaviors utilizing each of the approaches. (c) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang, Jie; Prater, Edmund L.] Univ Texas Arlington, Coll Business Adm, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Lipkin, Ilya] United States Air Force, Wright Patterson AFB, Predator Reaper Simulator Program, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Zhang, J (reprint author), Univ Texas Arlington, Coll Business Adm, Box 19437, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. EM jiezhang@uta.edu; eprater@uta.edu NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-9236 J9 DECIS SUPPORT SYST JI Decis. Support Syst. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 55 IS 4 SI SI BP 894 EP 902 DI 10.1016/j.dss.2012.12.025 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science GA 226MW UT WOS:000325041500005 ER PT J AU Ullrich, B Wang, JS AF Ullrich, B. Wang, J. S. TI Impact of laser excitation variations on the photoluminescence of PbS quantum dots on GaAs SO JOURNAL OF LUMINESCENCE LA English DT Article DE PbS quantum dots; Photoluminescence; Photoluminescence intensity dependence; Optically induced electronic alterations ID EFFECTIVE-MASS APPROXIMATION; LEAD SULFIDE; BAND-GAP; NANOCRYSTALS; LUMINESCENCE; TEMPERATURE; STATES; NM AB Gaussian shaped photoluminescence of colloidal 2 nm PbS quantum dots on GaAs were measured in the temperature range of 5 K to 300 K by exciting the dots with varying continuous laser intensities (6 W/cm(2), 18 W/cm(2), and 60 W/cm(2)) at 532 nm. The work reveals the sensitivity of quantum dot emissions to optical pumping variations. The classical Fan theory describes the emission shift vs. temperature at the lowest excitation intensity, while the clearly altered extrinsic behavior at elevated excitation intensities was fitted with an empirical expression. This extrinsic character is attributed to electronic alterations (Burstein-Moss shift and many body effects) of the absorptive and radiative transition energies. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ullrich, B.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ciencias Fis, Mexico City 62210, DF, Mexico. [Wang, J. S.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ullrich, B (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ciencias Fis, Mexico City 62210, DF, Mexico. EM bruno@fis.unam.mx NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2313 J9 J LUMIN JI J. Lumines. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 143 BP 645 EP 648 DI 10.1016/j.jlumin.2013.05.028 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA 211MN UT WOS:000323912400105 ER PT J AU Alam, MT Raghu, AP Hague, MA Muratore, C Voevodin, AA AF Alam, M. T. Raghu, A. P. Hague, M. A. Muratore, C. Voevodin, A. A. TI Structural size and temperature dependence of solid to air heat transfer SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Natural convection; Heat transfer coefficient; Infrared microscopy; Microscale heat transfer ID NATURAL-CONVECTION; GAS AB Accurate prediction of heat transfer from micro and nanoscale devices is very important for their operation and reliability. While the general consensus is that the heat transfer coefficient increases at the smaller scales, the literature also indicates contradiction in the scaling across length scales. In this paper, we present an experimental technique to accurately characterize heat transfer from micro to nano scales using infrared microscopy on nanofabricated specimens that are integrated with micro heaters. The heat transfer coefficient for quiescent air is found to be about two orders of magnitude higher than its bulk counterpart. It also showed pronounced inversely proportional relationship with temperature and suggested that solid to air conduction is the dominant mode of heat transfer. It was found that pressure only indirectly influences heat transfer. Based on the experimental data, we present an empirical relationship for the heat transfer coefficient that depends on the ratio of the surface area to cross-sectional area, temperature of the heated solid and its proximity to other solid bodies. (C) 2013 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. C1 [Alam, M. T.; Raghu, A. P.; Hague, M. A.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Muratore, C.] Univ Dayton, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Voevodin, A. A.] Air Force Res Lab, Nanoelect Mat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hague, MA (reprint author), Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM mah37@psu.edu RI Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013 FU Center for Nanoscale Mechatronics and Manufacturing of the Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials; National Science Foundation, USA (ECCS) [1028521] FX M.A. Hague acknowledges support from the Center for Nanoscale Mechatronics and Manufacturing of the Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials and the National Science Foundation, USA (ECCS #1028521). NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1290-0729 J9 INT J THERM SCI JI Int. J. Therm. Sci. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 73 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2013.05.010 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 208OT UT WOS:000323689700001 ER PT J AU Lan, YC Wang, H Lin, F Lu, YL Li, Y Liu, Y Bao, JM Ren, ZF Crimp, MA AF Lan, Yucheng Wang, Hui Lin, Feng Lu, Yalin Li, Yang Liu, Yuan Bao, Jiming Ren, Zhifeng Crimp, Martin A. TI Nanoporous gallium nitride square microtubes SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; ENERGY-LOSS SPECTROSCOPY; GAN NANOWIRES; AMMONOTHERMAL METHOD; CROSS-SECTIONS; BULK GAN; GROWTH; NANOTUBES; CRYSTALS; BLUE AB Porous gallium nitride microtubes were self-fabricated from gallium nitride submicron irregular structures. The microtubes were of square cross-section. Electron diffractions indicated that the microtubes were composed of zincblende gallium nitride. Electron energy-loss spectrum and photoluminescence spectrum of the microtubes were collected and compared with that of single crystals. C1 [Lan, Yucheng; Wang, Hui; Liu, Yuan; Ren, Zhifeng] Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Lan, Yucheng; Wang, Hui; Liu, Yuan; Ren, Zhifeng] Univ Houston, Texas Ctr Superconduct, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Lin, Feng] Peking Univ, Sch Phys, State Key Lab Mesoscop Phys, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Lu, Yalin] US Air Force Acad, Laser Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Li, Yang; Bao, Jiming] Univ Houston, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Crimp, Martin A.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Lan, YC (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. EM ylan2@uh.edu; zren@uh.edu RI Lan, Yucheng/F-9501-2011; Ren, Zhifeng/B-4275-2014 OI Lan, Yucheng/0000-0002-6737-4168; FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency [HDTRA1-10-1-0001, HDTRA122221]; Center for Advanced Microscopy at Michigan State University; National Science Foundation [ECCS-1240510, DMR-0907336]; Robert A Welch Foundation [E-1728]; National Basic Research Program of China (973 program) [2012CB933004] FX The authors thank the financial support by Defense Threat Reduction Agency under Grants HDTRA1-10-1-0001 and HDTRA122221, and the Center for Advanced Microscopy at Michigan State University for access to the JEM 2200 FS electron microscope. JMB acknowledges the support from National Science Foundation (CAREER Award ECCS-1240510 monitored by Anupama Kaul, DMR-0907336 monitored by Charles Ying), and from the Robert A Welch Foundation (E-1728). FL was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 program), Grant No. 2012CB933004. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 28 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD NOV PY 2013 VL 48 IS 21 BP 7703 EP 7707 DI 10.1007/s10853-013-7590-4 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 202VW UT WOS:000323249500041 ER PT J AU Polizos, G Vaia, RA Koerner, H Manias, E AF Polizos, Georgios Vaia, Richard A. Koerner, Hilmar Manias, Evangelos TI Dynamics of Amphiphilic Surfactants Confined in Montmorillonite Slits with Different Cation Exchange Capacities SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID LOW-FREQUENCY DISPERSION; POLYMER/LAYERED SILICATE NANOCOMPOSITES; POLYMER-CLAY NANOCOMPOSITES; MODIFIED LAYERED SILICATES; VITREOUS IONIC CONDUCTORS; DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; COLLOIDAL PARTICLES AB Alkylammonium surfactants were nanoscopically confined between montmorillonite layers of varied negative surface charge, i.e., of varied cation exchange capacities. Dielectric relaxation spectroscopy was employed to probe the interfacial dynamics, arising from the mobility of the cations on the silicate surfaces, as a function of the confining walls' surface charge. Standard methods to dry the organo-silicates were employed; however, water was still detected physisorbed in the galleries; the dynamics of these water molecules were also detected and were found to be coupled with the dynamics of the ammoniums at high temperatures. A transition in the mobility of the cations, approximately at 75 degrees C (which is in good agreement with the conformational changes of the alkyl groups, reported in the literature), is observed, and a model is proposed on the basis of the dynamics of the confined water. Entropic contributions arising from variation in the surface charge density are also discussed in detail. The existence of water in the interlayer-in spite of drying the nanofillers in accordance to industrial practices and the interrelated surfactant/water dynamics bring forward important implications for the design and processing of polymer-based nanocomposites based on these fillers. C1 [Polizos, Georgios] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Vaia, Richard A.; Koerner, Hilmar; Manias, Evangelos] Mat & Mfg Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Polizos, Georgios; Manias, Evangelos] Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Polizos, G (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM polyzosg@ornl.gov; manias@psu.edu RI Manias, Evangelos/A-7557-2011 FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0602877]; US Air Force SFFP fellowship; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability - Power Electronics Program; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (MWN grant, NSF Grant No. DMR-0602877); E.M.'s stay in AFRL was supported through an US Air Force SFFP fellowship, administered through NRC. Work was also supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability - Power Electronics Program. Oak Ridge National Laboratory is operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by U.T.-Battelle under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725. NR 99 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 EI 1520-5207 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD OCT 31 PY 2013 VL 117 IS 43 BP 13667 EP 13678 DI 10.1021/jp4067845 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 247HM UT WOS:000326608500031 PM 24083909 ER PT J AU Kartashov, D Alisauskas, S Baltuska, A Schmitt-Sody, A Roach, W Polynkin, P AF Kartashov, Daniil Alisauskas, Skirmantas Baltuska, Andrius Schmitt-Sody, Andreas Roach, William Polynkin, Pavel TI Remotely pumped stimulated emission at 337 nm in atmospheric nitrogen SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID CROSS-SECTIONS; ELECTRON COLLISIONS; MOLECULES AB We report the observation of forward-propagating UV stimulated emission in atmospheric nitrogen pumped, at a standoff distance of 2.6 m, by an energetic laser pulse at a wavelength of 1053 nm and with the duration in the picosecond range. The generated optical gain at 337 nm is seeded by third harmonic of the pump beam. This demonstration is an important step towards the development of techniques for standoff optical sensing in the atmosphere. C1 [Kartashov, Daniil; Alisauskas, Skirmantas; Baltuska, Andrius] Vienna Univ Technol, Photon Inst, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. [Schmitt-Sody, Andreas; Roach, William] Kirtland Air Force Base, Air Force Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87116 USA. [Polynkin, Pavel] Univ Arizona, Coll Opt Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Polynkin, P (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Coll Opt Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM ppolynkin@optics.arizona.edu FU United States Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-12-1-0143, FA9550-12-1-0482, FA9550-10-10561]; European Union under the CROSS TRAP project; US NRC postdoctoral fellowship; US Department of Energy, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX The authors acknowledge helpful discussions with Audrius Pugzlys, Luc Berge, Howard Milchberg, and Mikhail Shneider. This work was supported by the United States Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Programs No. FA9550-12-1-0143, No. FA9550-12-1-0482, and No. FA9550-10-10561 and by the European Union under the CROSS TRAP project. A.S.-S. acknowledges the support from the US NRC postdoctoral fellowship. The use of the Jupiter Laser Facility was supported by the US Department of Energy, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, under Contract No. DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 22 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT 30 PY 2013 VL 88 IS 4 AR 041805 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.88.041805 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 242VJ UT WOS:000326271200001 ER PT J AU Pandey, RB Farmer, BL AF Pandey, R. B. Farmer, B. L. TI Distinction in binding of peptides (P2E) and its mutations (P2G, P2Q) to a graphene sheet via a hierarchical coarse-grained Monte Carlo simulation SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PALLADIUM; SURFACES; GOLD AB A hierarchical coarse-grained approach is used to study the binding of peptides (P2E: (1)E(2)P(3)L(4)Q(5)L(6)K(7)M) and variants (P2G: (1)G(2)P(3)L(4)Q(5)L(6)K(7)M and P2Q: (1)Q(2)L(3)P(4)M(5)E(6)K(7)L) with a graphene sheet. Simulation-based residue-substrate and hydropathy index-based residue-residue interaction is used as input to a phenomenological interaction potential for peptide chains to execute the stochastic motion with a graphene sheet at the center of a box. Large-scale Monte Carlo simulations are performed at a range (low to high) of temperatures to identify peptides binding with the graphene sheet with a constant peptide concentration (C-p = 0.01). A number of local (energy, mobility, and substrate contact profiles) and global (density profiles, mean square displacement of the center of mass of a peptide and its radius of gyration) physical quantities are examined to monitor the patterns. We find that each peptide can bind to a graphene sheet at low temperatures but the residues that can anchor their binding vary among these three peptides. For example, P2E is anchored by E-1, (4)Q, and K-6, P2Q by (1)Q, E-5, and K-6, and P2G by nearly all its residues with about the same strength except (1)G and P-2. The site-specific binding is reflected in the thermal response of the radius of gyration of the peptides. Despite the lack of a large difference in binding patterns, a systematic variation in radius of gyration and surface binding profile with the temperature reveals the distinction in their binding: the probability of P2E binding is the highest and that of P2G is the lowest. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Pandey, R. B.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Phys & Astron, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. [Farmer, B. L.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pandey, RB (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Dept Phys & Astron, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. FU Air Force Research Laboratory FX This work is supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory. We thank Diana Lovejoy for reading the manuscript and corrections and Dr. Zhifeng Kuang and Dr. Rajesh Naik for discussion. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD OCT 28 PY 2013 VL 139 IS 16 AR 164901 DI 10.1063/1.4825370 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 247RP UT WOS:000326637500079 PM 24182073 ER PT J AU Choi, S Heller, E Dorsey, D Vetury, R Graham, S AF Choi, Sukwon Heller, Eric Dorsey, Donald Vetury, Ramakrishna Graham, Samuel TI The impact of mechanical stress on the degradation of AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GALLIUM NITRIDE; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; ELASTIC-CONSTANTS; FIELD-PLATE; GAN; HEMTS; SILICON; SPECTROSCOPY; TEMPERATURE; RELIABILITY AB Coupled electro-thermo-mechanical simulation and Raman thermometry were utilized to analyze the evolution of mechanical stress in AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs). This combined analysis was correlated with electrical step stress tests to determine the influence of mechanical stress on the degradation of actual devices under diverse bias conditions. It was found that the total stress as opposed to one dominant stress component correlated the best with the degradation of the HEMT devices. These results suggest that minimizing the total stress as opposed to the inverse piezoelectric stress in the device is necessary in order to avoid device degradation which can be accomplished through various growth methods. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Choi, Sukwon; Graham, Samuel] Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Heller, Eric; Dorsey, Donald] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Vetury, Ramakrishna] RFMD, Power Broadband Business Unit, Charlotte, NC 28269 USA. RP Graham, S (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM sgraham@gatech.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory High-Reliability Electronics Virtual Center team; Office of Naval Research; Air Force Research Laboratories FX This work was supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory High-Reliability Electronics Virtual Center team.; RFMD acknowledges the support of the Office of Naval Research (program monitor, Dr. Paul Maki) and the Air Force Research Laboratories (program monitor, Dr. John Blevins). NR 58 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 36 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD OCT 28 PY 2013 VL 114 IS 16 AR 164501 DI 10.1063/1.4826524 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 247SE UT WOS:000326639200101 ER PT J AU Louzguine-Luzgin, DV Miracle, DB Louzguina-Luzgina, L Inoue, A AF Louzguine-Luzgin, Dmitri V. Miracle, Daniel B. Louzguina-Luzgina, Larissa Inoue, Akihisa TI Response to "Comment on 'Comparative analysis of glass-formation in binary, ternary, and multicomponent alloys'" [J. Appl. Phys. 114, 166101 (2013)] SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID METALLIC GLASSES C1 [Louzguine-Luzgin, Dmitri V.; Louzguina-Luzgina, Larissa; Inoue, Akihisa] Tohoku Univ, WPI Adv Inst Mat Res, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. [Miracle, Daniel B.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Louzguine-Luzgin, DV (reprint author), Tohoku Univ, WPI Adv Inst Mat Res, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. RI LOUZGUINE, Dmitri/D-2492-2010; Inoue, Akihisa/E-5271-2015 OI LOUZGUINE, Dmitri/0000-0001-5716-4987; NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD OCT 28 PY 2013 VL 114 IS 16 AR 166102 DI 10.1063/1.4826620 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 247SE UT WOS:000326639200128 ER PT J AU Chandra, Y Wiebe, R Stanciulescu, I Virgin, LN Spottswood, SM Eason, TG AF Chandra, Yenny Wiebe, Richard Stanciulescu, Ilinca Virgin, Lawrence N. Spottswood, Stephen M. Eason, Thomas G. TI Characterizing dynamic transitions associated with snap-through of clamped shallow arches SO JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article ID IMPROVED NUMERICAL DISSIPATION; STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS; LYAPUNOV EXPONENTS AB Slender curved structures can often be found as components of complex structures in civil, mechanical, and aerospace systems. Under extreme loadings, a curved structure might undergo snap-through buckling, i.e., the structure is forced to its inverted configuration, inducing fatigue. Therefore, it is important to identify the stability boundaries of structures and to obtain an accurate description of their performance if the response moves beyond those boundaries. In this paper, a combined experimental-computational framework is used to analyze the transient behavior of clamped-clamped shallow arches. We examine, both experimentally and using Finite Element Analysis (FEA), the response of shallow arches under harmonic distributed loading. Various types of responses are identified and regions in the forcing parameter space that lead to snap-through and chaotic responses are determined. (c) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Chandra, Yenny; Stanciulescu, Ilinca] Rice Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Wiebe, Richard; Virgin, Lawrence N.] Duke Univ, Sch Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Spottswood, Stephen M.; Eason, Thomas G.] Air Force Res Lab, Struct Sci Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Stanciulescu, I (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Houston, TX 77005 USA. EM ilinca.s@rice.edu OI Stanciulescu, Ilinca/0000-0003-4515-0363 FU AFOSR [FA9550-09-1-0201]; Universal Technology Center [12-S2603]; Data Analysis and Visualization Cyberinfrastructure; NSF [OCI-0959097] FX The work has been funded in part by AFOSR under the Grant no. FA9550-09-1-0201 and Universal Technology Center contract #12-S2603. These supports are greatly appreciated. Support was also received from the Data Analysis and Visualization Cyberinfrastructure funded by NSF under Grant OCI-0959097. The authors also wish to thank David Ehrhardt for his assistance in the experimental data acquisition. NR 22 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 18 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-460X J9 J SOUND VIB JI J. Sound Vibr. PD OCT 28 PY 2013 VL 332 IS 22 BP 5837 EP 5855 DI 10.1016/j.jsv.2013.06.001 PG 19 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 204JG UT WOS:000323361000012 ER PT J AU Hsu, PS Stauffer, HU Jiang, N Gord, JR Roy, S AF Hsu, Paul S. Stauffer, Hans U. Jiang, Naibo Gord, James R. Roy, Sukesh TI Direct measurements of collisional Raman line broadening in the S-branch transitions of acetylene (C2H2) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NU(1)+3-NU(3) ABSORPTION-BAND; INTENSITY MEASUREMENTS; LASER SPECTROSCOPY; ROTATIONAL CARS; COEFFICIENTS; TEMPERATURE; SCATTERING; MIXTURES; NITROGEN; FLAMES AB We report direct measurements of the self-and N-2-broadened Raman S-branch linewidths of acetylene (C2H2), obtained by employing time-resolved picosecond rotational coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering spectroscopy. Using broadband 115-ps pump and Stokes pulses (similar to 135 cm(-1) bandwidth) and a spectrally narrowed 90-ps probe pulse (similar to 0.2 cm-1 bandwidth), Raman-coherence lifetimes are measured at room temperature for the S-branch (Delta J = +2) transitions associated with rotational quantum number J = 3-25. These directly measured Raman-coherence lifetimes, when converted to collisional linewidth broadening coefficients, differ from the previously reported broadening coefficients extracted from theoretical calculations by 6%-35% for self-broadening for C2H2 and by up to 60% for N-2-broadened C2H2. c 2013 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Hsu, Paul S.; Stauffer, Hans U.; Jiang, Naibo; Roy, Sukesh] Spectral Energies LLC, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Gord, James R.] Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Roy, S (reprint author), Spectral Energies LLC, 5100 Springfield St,Suite 301, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. EM sroy@woh.rr.com FU Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-12-C-2200]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX Funding for this research was provided by the Air Force Research Laboratory under Contract No. FA8650-12-C-2200 and by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Dr. Enrique Parra, Program Manager). This manuscript has been cleared for public release (No. 88ABW-2013-3894). NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD OCT 21 PY 2013 VL 139 IS 15 AR 154201 DI 10.1063/1.4824859 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 240SF UT WOS:000326116600016 PM 24160504 ER PT J AU Pandey, RB Farmer, BL AF Pandey, Ras B. Farmer, Barry L. TI Conformational Response to Solvent Interaction and Temperature of a Protein (Histone h3.1) by a Multi-Grained Monte Carlo Simulation SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID DYNAMICS; POTENTIALS AB Interaction with the solvent plays a critical role in modulating the structure and dynamics of a protein. Because of the heterogeneity of the interaction strength, it is difficult to identify multi-scale structural response. Using a coarse-grained Monte Carlo approach, we study the structure and dynamics of a protein (H3.1) in effective solvent media. The structural response is examined as a function of the solvent-residue interaction strength (based on hydropathy index) in a range of temperatures (spanning low to high) involving a knowledge-based (Miyazawa-Jernigan(MJ)) residue-residue interaction. The protein relaxes rapidly from an initial random configuration into a quasi-static structure at low temperatures while it continues to diffuse at high temperatures with fluctuating conformation. The radius of gyration (R-g) of the protein responds non-monotonically to solvent interaction, i.e., on increasing the residue-solvent interaction strength (f(s)), the increase in R-g (f(s)<= f(sc)) is followed by decay (f(s)>= f(sc)) with a maximum at a characteristic value (f(sc)) of the interaction. Raising the temperature leads to wider spread of the distribution of the radius of gyration with higher magnitude of f(sc). The effect of solvent on the multi-scale (lambda residue to R-g) structures of the protein is examined by analyzing the structure factor (S(q), vertical bar q vertical bar = 2 pi/lambda is the wave vector of wavelength, lambda) in detail. Random-coil to globular transition with temperature of unsolvated protein (H3.1) is dramatically altered by the solvent at low temperature while a systematic change in structure and scale is observed on increasing the temperature. The interaction energy profile of the residues is not sufficient to predict its mobility in the solvent. Fine-grain representation of protein with two-node and three-node residue enhances the structural resolution; results of the fine-grained simulations are consistent with the finding described above of the coarse-grained description with one-node residue. C1 [Pandey, Ras B.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Phys & Astron, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. [Farmer, Barry L.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Pandey, RB (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Dept Phys & Astron, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. EM ras.pandey@usm.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory FX This work is supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD OCT 18 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 10 AR e76069 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0076069 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 239MM UT WOS:000326029300009 PM 24204592 ER PT J AU Xu, Y D'Lauro, C Pyles, JA Kass, RE Tarr, MJ AF Xu, Yang D'Lauro, Christopher Pyles, John A. Kass, Robert E. Tarr, Michael J. TI Fine-grained temporal coding of visually-similar categories in the ventral visual pathway and prefrontal cortex SO FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE visual category learning; categorization; ventral visual pathway; prefrontal cortex; cortical time course; decoding; MEG; human neuroscience ID FUSIFORM FACE AREA; HUMAN EXTRASTRIATE CORTEX; TOP-DOWN FACILITATION; HUMAN BRAIN; OBJECT REPRESENTATIONS; PERCEPTUAL EXPERTISE; ERROR-DETECTION; RECOGNITION; ACQUISITION; SELECTIVITY C1 [Xu, Yang; Kass, Robert E.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Machine Learning Dept, Pittsburgh, PA 15232 USA. [Xu, Yang; Pyles, John A.; Kass, Robert E.; Tarr, Michael J.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Ctr Neural Basis Cognit, Pittsburgh, PA 15232 USA. [D'Lauro, Christopher] US Air Force Acad, Dept Behav Sci & Leadership, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Pyles, John A.; Tarr, Michael J.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Psychol, Pittsburgh, PA 15232 USA. [Kass, Robert E.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Stat, Pittsburgh, PA 15232 USA. RP Xu, Y (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Machine Learning Dept, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15232 USA. EM yx1@cs.cmu.edu; christopher.dlauro@gmail.com FU NIDA NIH HHS [R90 DA023426]; NIMH NIH HHS [R01 MH084195, R01 MH064537] NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU FRONTIERS RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 110, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND SN 1664-1078 J9 FRONT PSYCHOL JI Front. Psychol. PD OCT 17 PY 2013 VL 4 AR 684 DI 10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00684 PG 13 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA AB1XV UT WOS:000331588100001 PM 24146656 ER PT J AU Xue, CM Gutierrez-Cuevas, K Gao, M Urbas, A Li, Q AF Xue, Chenming Gutierrez-Cuevas, Karla Gao, Min Urbas, Augustine Li, Quan TI Photomodulated Self-Assembly of Hydrophobic Thiol Monolayer-Protected Gold Nanorods and Their Alignment in Thermotropic Liquid Crystal SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; FILMS AB Three terminal thiols possessing azobenzene and perylene diimide (PDI) segments covalently linked by alkylene spacers of different lengths (PnSH, n = 4, 6, and 8) were synthesized to stabilize and functionalize gold nanorods (GNRs) via strong covalent Au-S bonds onto the gold surface. The resulting hydrophobic thiol monolayer-protected GNRs (P(n)GNRs) were stable in both organic solvent and the solid state and exhibited fascinating photoresponsive self-assembly behavior. The PDI moieties provided pi-pi interactions to promote GNR self-assemblies while the photoresponsive azobenzene moieties offered a way to phototune the assemblies in a reversible manner. Interestingly, when P(n)GNRs were mixed with a structurally similar room-temperature thermotropic liquid-crystal perylene diimide (LCP), the UV-irradiated P(n)GNRs showed more compatibility with the LCP host than their corresponding unirradiated ones. Furthermore, the P(n)GNRs with varied alkylene chain lengths showed different dispersion abilities in LCP. The UV-irradiated P(4)GNRs did not disperse well in LCP, whereas the UV-irradiated P(6)GNRs and P(8)GNRs dispersed well in LCP and were further aligned upon mechanical shearing. In addition, preliminary molecular simulation was performed to explain this interesting photomodulated self-assembly of the GNRs. C1 [Xue, Chenming; Gutierrez-Cuevas, Karla; Gao, Min; Li, Quan] Kent State Univ, Inst Liquid Crystal, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Xue, Chenming; Gutierrez-Cuevas, Karla; Gao, Min; Li, Quan] Kent State Univ, Chem Phys Interdisciplinary Program, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Urbas, Augustine] US Air Force, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Li, Q (reprint author), Kent State Univ, Inst Liquid Crystal, Kent, OH 44242 USA. EM qli1@kent.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [AFOSR FA9550-09-1-0254] FX This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR FA9550-09-1-0254). The TEM data were obtained at the (cryo) TEM facility at the Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, supported by the Ohio Research Scholars Program Research Cluster on Surfaces in Advanced Materials. NR 23 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 45 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 EI 1932-7455 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD OCT 17 PY 2013 VL 117 IS 41 BP 21603 EP 21608 DI 10.1021/jp408081q PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 240VM UT WOS:000326125800064 ER PT J AU Darafsheh, A Mojaverian, N Limberopoulos, NI Allen, KW Lupu, A Astratov, VN AF Darafsheh, Arash Mojaverian, Neda Limberopoulos, Nicholaos I. Allen, Kenneth W. Lupu, Anatole Astratov, Vasily N. TI Formation of polarized beams in chains of dielectric spheres and cylinders SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NANOJET-INDUCED MODES; OPTICAL WAVE-GUIDE; PHOTONIC NANOJETS; TRANSPORT PHENOMENA; MICROSPHERES; LIGHT; PROPAGATION AB Using numerical modeling, it is shown that chains of dielectric spheres and cylinders act as polarizers. The mechanism is based on gradual filtering of periodically focused modes with a certain polarization propagating with minimal losses due to Brewster angles conditions, whereas orthogonally polarized modes are strongly attenuated. It is shown that chains of cylinders filter linearly polarized beams, whereas chains of spheres filter radially polarized beams. In the geometrical optics limit, we show that in a range of sphere refractive indices 1.68-1.80 a degree of radial polarization in excess of 0.9 can be obtained in 10-sphere-long chains. (C) 2013 Optical Society of America C1 [Darafsheh, Arash; Allen, Kenneth W.; Astratov, Vasily N.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Opt Sci, Ctr Optoelect & Opt Commun, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. [Mojaverian, Neda; Limberopoulos, Nicholaos I.; Astratov, Vasily N.] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Lupu, Anatole] Univ Paris 11, Inst Elect Fondamentale, CNRS, UMR 8622, F-91405 Orsay, France. RP Darafsheh, A (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Opt Sci, Ctr Optoelect & Opt Commun, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. EM arash.darafsheh@gmail.com; astratov@uncc.edu RI Astratov, Vasily/D-1089-2012 FU U.S. Army Research Office [W911NF-09-1-0450]; National Science Foundation [ECCS-0824067]; Center for Metamaterials, an NSF I/U CRC [1068050]; Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL/RYD) through the AMMTIAC; Alion Science and Technology FX This work was supported by the U.S. Army Research Office through Dr. J. T. Prater under Contract No. W911NF-09-1-0450, by the National Science Foundation under grant ECCS-0824067, and by Center for Metamaterials, an NSF I/U CRC, award number 1068050. Also, this work was sponsored by the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL/RYD) through the AMMTIAC contract with Alion Science and Technology. NR 24 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 7 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 EI 1539-4794 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD OCT 15 PY 2013 VL 38 IS 20 BP 4208 EP 4211 DI 10.1364/OL.38.004208 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA 246WD UT WOS:000326570300063 PM 24321961 ER PT J AU Dorn, RI Gordon, SJ Allen, CD Cerveny, N Dixon, JC Groom, KM Hall, K Harrison, E Mol, L Paradise, TR Sumner, P Thompson, T Turkington, AV AF Dorn, Ronald I. Gordon, Steven J. Allen, Casey D. Cerveny, Niccole Dixon, John C. Groom, Kaelin M. Hall, Kevin Harrison, Emma Mol, Lisa Paradise, Thomas R. Sumner, Paul Thompson, Tyler Turkington, Alice V. TI The role of fieldwork in rock decay research: Case studies from the fringe SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Chemical weathering; Education; Fieldwork; Geomorphology; Physical weathering; Weathering ID NORTHERN VICTORIA LAND; TAFONI DEVELOPMENT; SWEDISH LAPLAND; CARBON STORAGE; DESERT VARNISH; SOIL FORMATION; SANDSTONE; TEMPERATURE; GEOMORPHOLOGY; ARIZONA AB Researchers exploring rock decay hail from chemistry, engineering, geography, geology, paleoclimatology, soil science, and other disciplines and use laboratory, microscopic, theoretical, and field-based strategies. We illustrate here how the tradition of fieldwork forms the core knowledge of rock decay and continues to build on the classic research of Blackwelder, Bryan, Gilbert, Jutson, King, Linton, Twidale, and von Humboldt. While development of nonfield-based investigation has contributed substantially to our understanding of processes, the wide range of environments, stone types, and climatic variability encountered raises issues of temporal and spatial scales too complex to fit into attempts at universal modeling. Although nonfield methods are immensely useful for understanding overarching processes, they can miss subtle differences in factors that ultimately shape rock surfaces. We, therefore, illustrate here how the tradition of fieldwork continues today alongside laboratory and computer-based investigations and contributes to our understanding of rock decay processes. This includes the contribution of fieldwork to the learning process of undergraduates, the calculation of activation energies of plagioclase and olivine dissolution, the high Arctic, the discovery of a new global carbon sink, the influence of plant roots, an analysis of the need for protocols, tafoni development, stone monuments, and rock coatings. These compiled vignettes argue that, despite revolutionary advances in instrumentation, rock decay research must remain firmly footed in the field. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Dorn, Ronald I.; Harrison, Emma; Thompson, Tyler] Arizona State Univ, Sch Geog Sci & Urban Planning, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Gordon, Steven J.] US Air Force Acad, Dept Econ & Geog, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Allen, Casey D.] Univ Colorado Denver, Dept Geog & Environm Sci, Denver, CO 80217 USA. [Cerveny, Niccole] Mesa Community Coll, Cultural Sci Dept, Mesa, AZ 85207 USA. [Dixon, John C.; Groom, Kaelin M.; Paradise, Thomas R.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Geosci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Hall, Kevin] Univ No British Columbia, Dept Geog, Prince George, BC V2N 4Z9, Canada. [Mol, Lisa] Univ Oxford, Sch Geog & Environm, Oxford OX1 3QY, England. [Sumner, Paul] Univ Pretoria, Dept Geog Geoinfomat & Meteorol, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. [Turkington, Alice V.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Geog, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. RP Dorn, RI (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Geog Sci & Urban Planning, Box 875302, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM ronald.dorn@asu.edu RI Sumner, Paul/J-4579-2012 NR 127 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 39 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X EI 1872-695X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD OCT 15 PY 2013 VL 200 SI SI BP 59 EP 74 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2012.12.012 PG 16 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 244XT UT WOS:000326424200007 ER PT J AU Ni, BB Li, F Li, XN Fu, ZP Zhu, YW Lu, YL AF Ni, Binbin Li, Feng Li, Xiaoning Fu, Zhengping Zhu, Yanwu Lu, Yalin TI Ethanol assisted synthesis of anatase nanobelts with improved crystallinity and photocatalytic activity SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE TiO2 nanobelt; Ethanol; Crystallinity; Photocatalytic activity ID MESOPOROUS RUTILE TIO2; TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; TITANATE NANOTUBES; HETEROSTRUCTURE; PARTICLES; NANOWIRES; NANORODS; POWDER; ORIGIN; WATER AB A modified alkaline hydrothermal method via adding the ethanol treatment to the intermediates was developed to synthesize TiO2 nanobelts, in which the main phase is anatase. Compared with the previous reported TiO2 nanobelts obtained without the ethanol treatment, the new TiO2 nanobelts obtained through the ethanol assisted route are with much improved anatase crystallinity and a sharply reduced amount of TiO2-B phase, as well as a significantly higher photocatalytic activity that is even better than P25 for degrading Rhodamine-B under the ultraviolet light irradiation, which apparently correlates to the increased contents and crystallinity of anatase. The mechanism of ethanol treatment is also discussed based on the FTIR results. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ni, Binbin; Li, Feng; Li, Xiaoning; Fu, Zhengping; Zhu, Yanwu; Lu, Yalin] Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, CAS Key Lab Mat Energy Convers, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China. [Lu, Yalin] Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei Natl Lab Phys Sci Microscale, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China. [Lu, Yalin] US Air Force Acad, Laser Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Fu, ZP (reprint author), Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, CAS Key Lab Mat Energy Convers, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China. EM fuzp@ustc.edu.cn; yllu@ustc.edu.cn RI Zhu, Yanwu/C-8979-2012 FU National Basic Research Program of China [2012CB922000]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities; US Air Force Office of Scientific of Research (AFOSR) FX This work was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2012CB922000) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities. Prof. Lu also thanks the support from the US Air Force Office of Scientific of Research (AFOSR). NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 58 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD OCT 15 PY 2013 VL 283 BP 175 EP 180 DI 10.1016/j.apsusc.2013.06.076 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 207LR UT WOS:000323601700025 ER PT J AU Ard, SG Melko, JJ Jiang, B Li, YL Shuman, NS Guo, H Viggiano, AA AF Ard, Shaun G. Melko, Joshua J. Jiang, Bin Li, Yongle Shuman, Nicholas S. Guo, Hua Viggiano, Albert A. TI Temperature dependences for the reactions of O-2(-) and O- with N and O atoms in a selected-ion flow tube instrument SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VIBRATIONAL-ENERGY; ELECTRONIC STATES; KINETICS AB Rate constants for the reactions of O-2(-) and O- with N and O atoms have been measured for the first time as a function of temperature from 173 to 500 K for O- reactions and 173 to 400 K for O-2(-) reactions. Room temperature rate constants for O-2(-) reacting with N and O are 3.1 x 10(-10) and 1.7 x 10(-10) cm(3) s(-1), respectively, and the corresponding O- rate constants are 1.7 x 10(-10) and 1.5 x 10(-10) cm(3) s(-1), in good agreement with previous values. Temperature dependences are about T-1.7 for both O-2(-) reactions and T-0.6 and T-1.3 for the reactions of O- with N and O, respectively. Branching for the O-2(-) reaction with N is found to predominantly form O- (>85%) in contrast to previous measurements, which reported NO2 + e(-) as the main channel. Calculations point to the present results being correct. The potential energy surface for this reaction was calculated using density functional theory, coupled cluster with singles, doubles ( triples), complete active space self-consistent field, and complete active space second-order perturbation methods and is found to be quite complex, with agreement between the calculated surface and the observed kinetic data only possible through the inclusion of dynamical correlation. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Ard, Shaun G.; Melko, Joshua J.; Shuman, Nicholas S.; Viggiano, Albert A.] Space Vehicles Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Jiang, Bin; Li, Yongle; Guo, Hua] Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Viggiano, AA (reprint author), Space Vehicles Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM afrl.rvborgmailbox@kirtland.af.mil RI jiang, bin/F-2391-2014; Guo, Hua/J-2685-2014 OI jiang, bin/0000-0003-2696-5436; Guo, Hua/0000-0001-9901-053X FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [AFOSR-2303EP]; National Research Council; Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-FG02-05ER15694] FX We are grateful for the support of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research for this work under Project No. AFOSR-2303EP. J.J.M. and S. G. A. acknowledge the support of the National Research Council. H. G. acknowledges financial support from Department of Energy (DOE) (DE-FG02-05ER15694). NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD OCT 14 PY 2013 VL 139 IS 14 AR 144302 DI 10.1063/1.4824018 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 236FL UT WOS:000325780800021 PM 24116614 ER PT J AU Baca, FJ Haugan, TJ Barnes, PN Holesinger, TG Maiorov, B Lu, RT Wang, X Reichart, JN Wu, JZ AF Baca, F. Javier Haugan, Timothy J. Barnes, Paul N. Holesinger, Terry G. Maiorov, Boris Lu, Rongtao Wang, Xiang Reichart, Joshua N. Wu, Judy Z. TI Interactive Growth Effects of Rare-Earth Nanoparticles on Nanorod Formation in YBa2Cu3Ox Thin Films SO ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE self-assembly; BaZrO3 nanorods; thin film growth; Y2O3 nanoparticles; YBCO superconductors ID COLUMNAR DEFECTS AB The controlled growth of self-assembled second-phase nanostructures has been shown to be an essential tool for enhancing properties of several composite oxide thin film systems. Here, the role of Y2O3 nanoparticles on the growth of BaZrO3 (BZO) nanorods is investigated in order to understand the mechanisms governing their self-assembly in YBa2Cu3O7-x (YBCO) thin films and to more fully control the resulting defect landscape. By examining the microstructure and current-carrying capacity of BZO-doped YBCO films, it is shown that the nanorod growth dynamics are significantly enhanced when compared to films double-doped with BZO and Y2O3 nanoparticles. The average nanorod length and associated critical current densities are found to increase at a significantly higher rate in the absence of Y2O3 nanoparticles when the growth temperature is increased. Using microstructural data from transmission electron microscopy studies and the response in critical current density, the interactive effects of multiple dopants that must be considered to fully control the defect landscape in oxide thin films are shown. C1 [Baca, F. Javier; Holesinger, Terry G.; Maiorov, Boris] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Baca, F. Javier; Haugan, Timothy J.; Barnes, Paul N.; Reichart, Joshua N.] US Air Force Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Baca, F. Javier; Lu, Rongtao; Wang, Xiang; Wu, Judy Z.] Univ Kansas, Dept Phys & Astron, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. RP Baca, FJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM f.javier.baca@gmail.com; rtlu@ku.edu; jwu@ku.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Department of Energy Office of Electricity; NSF [NSF-DMR-0803149, NSF-DMR-1105986, NSF EPSCoR-0903806] FX The authors acknowledge support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, and the Department of Energy Office of Electricity. J.Z.W. acknowledges support from NSF contracts NSF-DMR-0803149, -1105986, and NSF EPSCoR-0903806, and matching support from the State of Kansas through the Kansas Technology Enterprise Corporation. NR 36 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 5 U2 42 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1616-301X EI 1616-3028 J9 ADV FUNCT MATER JI Adv. Funct. Mater. PD OCT 11 PY 2013 VL 23 IS 38 BP 4826 EP 4831 DI 10.1002/adfm.201203660 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 258SO UT WOS:000327479200007 ER PT J AU Ard, SG Melko, JJ Fournier, JA Shuman, NS Viggiano, AA AF Ard, Shaun G. Melko, Joshua J. Fournier, Joseph A. Shuman, Nicholas S. Viggiano, Albert A. TI Reactions of Fe+ and FeO+ with C2H2, C2H4, and C2H6: Temperature-Dependent Kinetics SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-METAL CATIONS; C BOND ACTIVATION; STATE-SPECIFIC REACTIONS; GAS-PHASE OXIDATION; 2-STATE REACTIVITY; RATE CONSTANTS; ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY; HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS; HOMOGENEOUS CATALYSIS; SMALL ALKANES AB We present the first temperature-dependent rate constants and branching ratios for the reactions of Fe+ and FeO+ with C2H2, C2H4, and C2H6 from 170 to 700 K. Fe+ is observed to react only by association with the three hydrocarbons, with temperature dependencies of T-2 to T-3. FeO+ reacts with C2H2 and C2H4 at the collision rate over the temperature range, and their respective product branchings show. similar temperature dependences. In contrast, the reaction with ethane is collisional at 170 K but varies as T-0.5, while the product branching remains essentially flat with temperature. These variations in reactivity are discussed in terms of the published reactive potential surfaces. The effectiveness of Fe+ as an oxygen-transfer catalyst toward the three hydrocarbons is also discussed. C1 [Ard, Shaun G.; Melko, Joshua J.; Shuman, Nicholas S.; Viggiano, Albert A.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. [Fournier, Joseph A.] Yale Univ, Sterling Chem Lab, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Viggiano, AA (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. EM afrl.rvborgmailbox@kirtland.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [AFOSR-2303EP]; National Research Council; Air Force Research Laboratory through the Space Scholars Program; Department of Defense through a National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship FX This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Project AFOSR-2303EP. J.J.M. and S.G.A. acknowledge the support of the National Research Council. J.A.F. acknowledges the support of the Air Force Research Laboratory through the Space Scholars Program, as well as the Department of Defense for support through a National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship. NR 74 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD OCT 10 PY 2013 VL 117 IS 40 BP 10178 EP 10185 DI 10.1021/jp405344w PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 244DI UT WOS:000326366900005 PM 24028537 ER PT J AU Noginova, N Hussain, R Noginov, MA Vella, J Urbas, A AF Noginova, N. Hussain, R. Noginov, M. A. Vella, J. Urbas, A. TI Modification of electric and magnetic dipole emission in anisotropic plasmonic systems SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-EMISSION; LARGE-AREA; SURFACE; LITHOGRAPHY; ENHANCEMENT; INTERFACE; LIFETIME; MIRROR; FILM AB In order to investigate the effects of plasmonic environments on spontaneous emission of magnetic and electric dipoles, we have studied luminescence of Eu3+ ions in close vicinity to gold nanostrip arrays. Significant changes in the emission kinetics, emission polarization, and radiation patterns have been observed in the wavelength range corresponding to the plasmonic resonance. The effect of the plasmonic resonance on the magnetic dipole transition D-5(0)-> F-7(1) is found to be very different from its effect on the electric dipole transitions. This makes Eu3+-containing complexes promising for mapping local distributions of magnetic and electric fields in metamaterials and plasmonic systems. (C) 2013 Optical Society of America C1 [Noginova, N.; Hussain, R.; Noginov, M. A.] Norfolk State Univ, Norfolk, VA 23504 USA. [Vella, J.] Wyle, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Vella, J.] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Urbas, A.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Noginova, N (reprint author), Norfolk State Univ, Norfolk, VA 23504 USA. EM nnoginova@nsu.edu FU NSF PREM [DMR 1205457]; NSF IGERT [DGE 0966188]; AFOSR [FA9550-09-1-0456] FX The authors acknowledge the support by the NSF PREM grant # DMR 1205457, NSF IGERT grant #DGE 0966188, and AFOSR grant # FA9550-09-1-0456. NR 33 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 35 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD OCT 7 PY 2013 VL 21 IS 20 BP 23087 EP 23096 DI 10.1364/OE.21.023087 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 233EU UT WOS:000325549800009 PM 24104224 ER PT J AU Friday, DM Broughton, PB Lee, TA Schutz, GA Betz, JN Lindsay, CM AF Friday, David M. Broughton, Peter B. Lee, Tanner A. Schutz, Garrett A. Betz, Jeremiah N. Lindsay, C. Michael TI Further Insight into the Nature of Ball-Lightning-Like Atmospheric Pressure Plasmoids SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID VIBRATIONAL-SPECTRA; PULSED DISCHARGE; WATER CLUSTERS; ELECTROLYTE; TRANSITION; OXIDATION; SURFACE AB Known since antiquity, ball lightning is a natural, long-lived plasma like phenomenon associated with thunderstorms and is not well understood due to its rarity and unpredictability. A recently discovered laboratory phenomenon with striking similarity to ball lightning is observed when a high-power spark is discharged from a cathode protruding from a grounded electrolyte solution. Whereas several investigations of these long-lived plasmas have been reported over the past decade, the underlying chemical and physical processes are still unknown. The present work attempts to gain further insight into this phenomenon by examining the effect of electrolyte pH on the plasmoid and observing the chemical and physical structure of the plasmoid using high-speed schlieren videography and FTIR absorption spectroscopy. The results indicate that the lifetime, and size of the plasmoid slightly increase as the pH of isoohmic electrolyte solutions deviate from neutrality. The observed, absorption spectra of the plasmoids exhibit absorption cross sections in the 620-700, 1500-1560, 2280-2390, and 3650-4000 cm(-1) ranges, the last attributed to the presence of water clusters Finally, schlieren images revealed a single, sharp density gradient at the boundary layer of the top and sides of the expanding ball-shaped plasmoid, and turbulent mixing below the ball. C1 [Friday, David M.; Broughton, Peter B.; Lee, Tanner A.; Schutz, Garrett A.; Betz, Jeremiah N.; Lindsay, C. Michael] US Air Force Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Lindsay, CM (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, AFRL, RWME, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. EM c.lindsay@us.af.mil FU Small Grant Program from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX We gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Eric Stephen and Tim Hayden from the department of Aeronautic Engineering at the United States Air Force Academy in obtaining the schlieren images of the plasmoids. We also wish to thank Russ Maines and Mark Heyse at the Air Force Research Laboratory for donating and shipping the large capacitors used here. This research was initiated while C.M.L. served as a Visiting Professor of Chemistry at the United States Air Force Academy. This work was supported by the Small Grant Program from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 52 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 EI 1520-5215 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD OCT 3 PY 2013 VL 117 IS 39 BP 9931 EP 9940 DI 10.1021/jp400001y PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 243EV UT WOS:000326300600073 PM 23767686 ER PT J AU Zang, HD Yan, L Li, MX He, L Gai, Z Ivanov, I Wang, M Chiang, L Urbas, A Hu, B AF Zang, Huidong Yan, Liang Li, Mingxing He, Lei Gai, Zheng Ivanov, Ilia Wang, Min Chiang, Long Urbas, Augustine Hu, Bin TI Magneto-Dielectric Effects Induced by Optically-Generated Intermolecular Charge-Transfer States in Organic Semiconducting Materials SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID SOLAR-CELLS; PHOTOVOLTAIC PROCESSES; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; TRIPLET-STATES; DIPOLE-MOMENT; POLYMER-FILMS; SINGLET; FIELD; RECOMBINATION; DEVICES AB Traditionally, magneto-dielectric effects have been developed by combining ferroelectric and magnetic materials. Here, we show a magneto-dielectric effect from optically-generated intermolecular charge-transfer states in an organic semiconducting donor:acceptor (PVK:TCNB) system. We observe in magnetic field effects of photoluminescence that a magnetic field can change singlet/triplet population ratio in intermolecular charge-transfer states. Furthermore, our theoretical analysis and experimental evidence indicate that the singlets and triplets in charge-transfer states have stronger and weaker electrical polarizations, respectively. Therefore, the observed magneto-dielectric effect can be attributed to magnetically-dependent singlet/triplet ratio in intermolecular charge-transfer states. In principle, a magneto-dielectric effect can be generated through two different channels based on magneto-polarization and magneto-current effects when the singlet/triplet ratio in intermolecular charge-transfer states is changed by a magnetic field. We find, from the simulation of dielectric effects, that magneto-polarization and magneto-current effects play primary and secondary roles in the generation of magneto-dielectric effect. C1 [Zang, Huidong; Yan, Liang; Li, Mingxing; He, Lei; Hu, Bin] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Gai, Zheng; Ivanov, Ilia] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Wang, Min; Chiang, Long] Univ Massachusetts, Inst Nanosci & Engn Technol, Dept Chem, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. [Urbas, Augustine] AF Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. RP Hu, B (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM bhu@utk.edu RI Gai, Zheng/B-5327-2012; Hu, Bin/A-2954-2015; Yan, Liang/H-6471-2011; ivanov, ilia/D-3402-2015 OI Gai, Zheng/0000-0002-6099-4559; Hu, Bin/0000-0002-1573-7625; Yan, Liang/0000-0003-4122-7466; ivanov, ilia/0000-0002-6726-2502 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [FA9550-11-1-0082]; NSF [ECCS-0644945]; Asian Office of Aerospace Research and Development (AOARD); Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences [CNMS2012-106, CNMS2012-107]; Oak Ridge National Laboratory by the Division of Scientific User Facilities, U.S. Department of Energy FX The authors would like to acknowledge the financial supports from Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) under the grant number FA9550-11-1-0082 and from NSF Under grant number ECCS-0644945. The authors also want to acknowledge the support from The Asian Office of Aerospace Research and Development (AOARD). This research was partially conducted at the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences based on user project (CNMS2012-106 and CNMS2012-107), which is sponsored at Oak Ridge National Laboratory by the Division of Scientific User Facilities, U.S. Department of Energy. NR 61 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 61 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD OCT 2 PY 2013 VL 3 AR 2812 DI 10.1038/srep02812 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 227PX UT WOS:000325126900001 PM 24084983 ER PT J AU Ghoreyshi, M Cummings, RM Da Ronch, A Badcock, KJ AF Ghoreyshi, Mehdi Cummings, Russell M. Da Ronch, Andrea Badcock, Kenneth J. TI Transonic Aerodynamic Load Modeling of X-31 Aircraft Pitching Motions SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID COMPUTATIONAL FLUID-DYNAMICS; DETACHED-EDDY SIMULATION; REDUCED-ORDER MODELS; UNSTEADY AERODYNAMICS; TURBULENCE MODELS; NEURAL NETWORKS; INDICIAL METHOD; IDENTIFICATION; SYSTEMS; PREDICTION AB The generation of reduced-order models for computing the unsteady and nonlinear aerodynamic loads on an aircraft from pitching motions in the transonic speed range is described. The models considered are based on Duhamel's superposition integral using indicial (step) response functions, Volterra theory using nonlinear kernels, radial basis functions, and a surrogate-based recurrence framework, both using time-history simulations of a training maneuver(s). Results are reported for the X-31 configuration with a sharp leading-edge cranked delta wing geometry, including canard/wing vortex interactions. The validity of the various models studied was assessed by comparison of the model outputs with time-accurate computational-fluid-dynamics simulations of new maneuvers. Overall, the reduced-order models were found to produce accurate results, although a nonlinear model based on indicial functions yielded the best accuracy among all models. This model, along with a time-dependent surrogate approach, helped to produce accurate predictions for a wide range of motions in the transonic speed range. C1 [Ghoreyshi, Mehdi; Cummings, Russell M.] US Air Force Acad, Modeling & Simulat Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Da Ronch, Andrea; Badcock, Kenneth J.] Univ Liverpool, Sch Engn, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. RP Ghoreyshi, M (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Modeling & Simulat Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. FU National Research Council/U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX Mehdi Ghoreyshi was supported by the National Research Council/U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research. Computer time was provided by the Department of Defense High Performance Computing Modernization Program resources. The U.S. Air Force Academy (USAFA) authors appreciate the support provided by the USAFA Modeling and Simulation Research Center. NR 89 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 EI 1533-385X J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 51 IS 10 BP 2447 EP 2464 DI 10.2514/1.J052309 PG 18 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA AA8WK UT WOS:000331375500011 ER PT J AU Cory, EMF Aga, RS Lombardi, JP Bartsch, CM Sarangan, A Heckman, EM AF Cory, Emily M. Fehrman Aga, Roberto S., Jr. Lombardi, Jack P., III Bartsch, Carrie M. Sarangan, Andrew Heckman, Emily M. TI Nanoimprint lithography of deoxyribonucleic acid biopolymer films SO JOURNAL OF MICRO-NANOLITHOGRAPHY MEMS AND MOEMS LA English DT Article DE nanoimprint lithography; inverted ridge waveguide; deoxyribonucleic acid biopolymer AB Thermal nanoimprint lithography (NIL) is presented as an alternative fabrication technique for patterning deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) biopolymer films for photonic device applications. The techniques and procedures developed for directly imprinting optical waveguide structures on a DNA biopolymer using NIL, bypassing the use of a resist layer and any chemical processing, are outlined here. The fabrication technique was developed with a Nanonex NX-2600 NIL flexible membrane system. Additionally, a process for using a Suss MicroTec ELAN CB6L substrate bonder is discussed as an alternative to commercially available NIL systems. (C) The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI. C1 [Cory, Emily M. Fehrman; Sarangan, Andrew] Univ Dayton, Electroopt Dept, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Aga, Roberto S., Jr.; Lombardi, Jack P., III; Bartsch, Carrie M.; Heckman, Emily M.] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Cory, EMF (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Electroopt Dept, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM emily.fehrmancory.ctr@wpafb.af.mil NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1932-5150 EI 1932-5134 J9 J MICRO-NANOLITH MEM JI J. Micro-Nanolithogr. MEMS MOEMS PD OCT-DEC PY 2013 VL 12 IS 4 AR 040501 DI 10.1117/1.JMM.12.4.040501 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics GA AB2GA UT WOS:000331610000002 ER PT J AU Greener, T Peterson, A Pinske, K AF Greener, Trent Peterson, Andrew Pinske, Kim TI Recording Workouts and Testing Results SO STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB One of the primary principles used in strength and conditioning is the concept of overload. there has to be an increase in volume, load, or intensity (or some combination of each) over time for physiological adaptations to continue to occur as a result of training. As a result, there has to be some sort of record keeping process in place so that the athlete or coach can track training results as the athlete progresses through each training cycle on a daily, weekly, monthly, and yearly basis. We asked our panel of collegiate strength and conditioning coaches what processes they have in place to accomplish this requirement. C1 [Greener, Trent] Univ Wyoming, Athlet Dept, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Peterson, Andrew] Humboldt State Univ, Athlet Dept, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Pinske, Kim] US Air Force Acad, Athlet Dept, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Greener, T (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Athlet Dept, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1524-1602 EI 1533-4295 J9 STRENGTH COND J JI Strength Cond. J. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 35 IS 5 BP 93 EP 95 PG 3 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 299CR UT WOS:000330373200016 ER PT J AU Cannon, JW AF Cannon, Jeremy W. TI Damage Control A Balancing Act SO JAMA SURGERY LA English DT Editorial Material ID SURGERY C1 [Cannon, Jeremy W.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, US Air Force, Norman M Rich Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Cannon, Jeremy W.] San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Joint Base San Antonio F, TX 78234 USA. RP Cannon, JW (reprint author), San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Dept Surg, 3551 Roger Brooke Dr, Joint Base San Antonio F, TX 78234 USA. EM jcannon@massmed.org NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 2168-6254 EI 2168-6262 J9 JAMA SURG JI JAMA Surg. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 148 IS 10 BP 955 EP 955 DI 10.1001/jamasurg.2013.2525 PG 1 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 295KL UT WOS:000330114900009 PM 23966234 ER PT J AU Morrissey, M Beachkofsky, T Ritter, S AF Morrissey, Matthew Beachkofsky, Thomas Ritter, Steven TI When to consider Mohs surgery SO JOURNAL OF FAMILY PRACTICE LA English DT Article ID BASAL-CELL CARCINOMA; MICROGRAPHIC SURGERY; FACE AB Consider recommending Mohs surgery for cancerous lesions that are longstanding or when there is a high risk of local recurrence or metastasis. C1 [Morrissey, Matthew; Beachkofsky, Thomas; Ritter, Steven] Wilford Hall Ambulatory Surg Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Morrissey, M (reprint author), Wilford Hall Ambulatory Surg Ctr, 2200 Bergquist Dr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM matthew.morrissey@us.af.mil NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DOWDEN HEALTH MEDIA PI MONTVALE PA 110 SUMMIT AVE, MONTVALE, NJ 07645-1712 USA SN 0094-3509 J9 J FAM PRACTICE JI J. Fam. Pract. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 62 IS 10 BP 558 EP + PG 3 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 253BD UT WOS:000327055700007 PM 24143350 ER PT J AU Kramb, RC Ward, LT Jensen, KE Vaia, RA Miracle, DB AF Kramb, R. C. Ward, L. T. Jensen, K. E. Vaia, R. A. Miracle, D. B. TI Structural property comparison of Ca-Mg-Zn glasses to a colloidal proxy system SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Metallic glasses; Colloids; Amorphous materials; Ternary glasses ID BULK METALLIC GLASSES; FORMING ABILITY AB We compare various structural properties of the Ca Mg Zn ternary metallic glass system at compositions Ca(60)MgxZn(40-x) (where X= 25, 20, 15, 10) to a colloidal proxy system containing "Red", "Green" and "Blue" particles at the corresponding compositions R(60)GxB(40-x). The methacrylate-based polymer colloid particles have the same relative radius ratio as their atomic counterparts and surface electrostatic charges are employed to mimic atomic interactions. The structures of these colloidal suspensions are investigated through laser scanning confocal microscopy, with each particle species labeled with red, green and blue fluorescent dyes. We find qualitative agreement with number densities and many characteristics of the partial radial distribution functions and partial coordination numbers between the atomic and colloid systems. In general, coordination numbers agree within experimental error. Total coordination numbers for Red-centered clusters are found to be slightly higher than the corresponding Ca-centered clusters, while Green- and Bluecentered clusters have slightly fewer neighbors than Mg- and Zn-centered clusters. These and other differences are noted and possible explanations of these are offered, as well as ways that the proxy system might be improved to more accurately reproduce the structure of the metallic system. (C) 2013 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kramb, R. C.; Vaia, R. A.; Miracle, D. B.] Air Force Res Lab, AFRL RX Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Kramb, R. C.] UES, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Ward, L. T.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. [Jensen, K. E.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Kramb, RC (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, AFRL RX Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM ryan.kramb.ctr@wpafb.af.mil OI Ward, Logan/0000-0002-1323-5939 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [F49620-02-C-0015]; National Research Council, Washington, DC FX The authors thank Tom Kodger for discussions on particle synthesis, surface charge and solvent choice, and Oleg Senkov for discussion on Ca Mg Zn structure and for providing data for comparison. We also thank David Weitz and Frans Spaepen for discussion and access to their resources. Work at the Air Force Research Laboratory was supported through the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and under on-site Contract No. F49620-02-C-0015 conducted through the National Research Council, Washington, DC. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 EI 1873-2453 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 61 IS 18 BP 6911 EP 6917 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2013.08.003 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 241ZL UT WOS:000326207100024 ER PT J AU Hay, RS Mogilevsky, P Boakye, E AF Hay, R. S. Mogilevsky, P. Boakye, E. TI Phase transformations in xenotime rare-earth orthophosphates SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Phase transformations; Oxides; Transformation mechanisms; Transformation plasticity; TEM ID MONAZITE MONOCLINIC LAPO4; FIBER PUSH-OUT; CRYSTAL-CHEMISTRY; MATRIX COMPOSITES; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; HIGH-PRESSURE; ZIRCON-TYPE; OXIDE/OXIDE COMPOSITES; ELASTIC-CONSTANTS; THERMAL-EXPANSION AB Xenotime rare-earth orthophosphates were made with compositions close to the xenotime monazite phase boundary. Stress-driven phase transformations and their associated deformation mechanisms were characterized for these compositions by extensive conventional and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Three phase transformations were identified beneath indentations in polycrystalline TbPO4, in deformation bands in (Gd0.4Dy0.6)PO4 fiber coatings after fiber push-out, and in polycrystalline (Gd0.3Tb0.7)PO4: xenotime -> monazite, xenotime -> anhydrite, and anhydrite monazite A structure with many alternating monolayers of {010} xenotime and (010) anhydrite was common, along with structures with larger and variable lamellar thickness. The xenotime 4 anhydrite transformation occurs by b = 1/2(100){010} slip of xenotime. However, the occasional presence of other habit planes suggests there are other transformation mechanisms. Atom shuffles were calculated for all observed transformations. Shuffles required for the anhydrite monazite transformation are smaller than those for xenotime -.4 monazite. This suggests that the preferred pathway for the xenotime monazite transformation may have an anhydrite intermediate. Anhydrite also transformed to monazite in areas where high compatibility stress during (120) and (102) anhydrite deformation twinning was inferred. Monazite anhydrite interphase boundaries and (120) anhydrite twin boundaries were mobile at room temperature under electron beam illumination. Xenotime rareearth orthophosphates with compositions close to the monazite stability field are suggested also to be close to the monazite xenotime anhydrite phase-stability triple point. Transformation and deformation mechanisms are discussed. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 [Hay, R. S.; Mogilevsky, P.; Boakye, E.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Mogilevsky, P.; Boakye, E.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Hay, RS (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Randall.Hay@wpafb.af.mil NR 67 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 5 U2 40 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 EI 1873-2453 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 61 IS 18 BP 6933 EP 6947 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2013.08.005 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 241ZL UT WOS:000326207100026 ER PT J AU Miller, J Michael, JB Slipchenko, MN Roy, S Meyer, TR Gord, JR AF Miller, Joseph D. Michael, James B. Slipchenko, Mikhail N. Roy, Sukesh Meyer, Terrence R. Gord, James R. TI Simultaneous high-speed planar imaging of mixture fraction and velocity using a burst-mode laser SO APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS LA English DT Article ID INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; RAYLEIGH-SCATTERING; TURBULENT JETS; TEMPERATURE; DIAGNOSTICS; FLAMES; OH AB Simultaneous high-speed quantitative imaging of mixture fraction and velocity is demonstrated using the fourth- and second-harmonic outputs, respectively, of a burst-mode Nd:YAG laser. A tenfold increase in the record length and 16-fold increase in per-pulse energy are achieved compared with previous measurements of mixture fraction using burst-mode and continuously pulsed diode-pumped solid-state lasers, respectively. The high output energy is used for quantitative, high-speed mixture-fraction imaging with acetone planar laser-induced fluorescence, which also enables simultaneous particle-based velocimetry without interference from particle scattering. A semiquantitative model is used to determine the limitations on fourth-harmonic output energy due to the effects of transient absorption and thermal phase mismatch over a range of repetition rates. Data are presented for mixing within a turbulent jet (Reynolds number of 15,000) and are validated by comparisons with known turbulent mixing laws and previously published data. C1 [Miller, Joseph D.; Slipchenko, Mikhail N.; Roy, Sukesh] Spectral Energies LLC, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Miller, Joseph D.; Gord, James R.] Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Michael, James B.; Meyer, Terrence R.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Meyer, TR (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, 2025 Black Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM trm@iastate.edu OI Michael, James/0000-0002-9666-114X FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-12-C-2200] FX Funding was provided, in part, by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Dr. Chiping Li, Program Manager) and the Air Force Research Laboratory under contract No. FA8650-12-C-2200. The authors also thank D. Diaz, M. Johnson, and A. Barrow of Iowa State University. J. Miller is currently a National Research Council Research Associate at the Air Force Research Laboratory, Aerospace Systems Directorate. This manuscript has been approved for public release (88ABW-2013-1521). NR 19 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0946-2171 EI 1432-0649 J9 APPL PHYS B-LASERS O JI Appl. Phys. B-Lasers Opt. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 113 IS 1 BP 93 EP 97 DI 10.1007/s00340-013-5665-1 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 247EL UT WOS:000326598200012 ER PT J AU Kim, KT Kramer, BA AF Kim, Kristopher T. Kramer, Brad A. TI Direct Determination of the T-Matrix From a MoM Impedance Matrix Computed Using the Rao-Wilton-Glisson Basis Function SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE Impedance matrix; method of moments; numerical technique; Rao-Wilton-Glisson basis function; scattering; T matrix. ID ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING; FIELDS AB We present an explicit and numerically exact method for determining the T matrix of an arbitrarily shaped PEC object directly from a MoM impedance matrix that is generated with the Rao-Wilton-Glisson basis function for use in multiple-scattering calculations. C1 [Kim, Kristopher T.; Kramer, Brad A.] Air Force Res Lab, Antenna Technol Branch, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson Afb, OH 45433 USA. RP Kim, KT (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Antenna Technol Branch, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson Afb, OH 45433 USA. EM trout@ieee.org FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX This work was supported in part by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-926X EI 1558-2221 J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 61 IS 10 BP 5324 EP 5327 DI 10.1109/TAP.2013.2273485 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 250DR UT WOS:000326831000052 ER PT J AU Ruden, EL Camacho, JF Lynn, AG AF Ruden, E. L. Camacho, J. F. Lynn, A. G. TI Visibility oscillation in a multimode laser interferometer signal and its use in optimizing path lengths SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article AB The interference signal visibility V (difference to sum ratio of intensities at maximum and minimum interference) of an interferometer that uses a multimode laser is here derived for a given laser gain profile and spectralmode separation as a function of the difference Z(S) between the probe and reference beam optical path lengths and the spectral separation k(S) between the center of the laser gain profile and the nearest laser mode of higher frequency. k(S) has a significant effect on V for a given Z(S). This parameter, in lasers where it sweeps freely across the gain profile, and other effects, such as various misalignments and optical coupling inefficiencies, render V alone an unreliable parameter for quantifying Z(S) (for the purpose of reducing it, say). However, the difference to sum ratio of the maximum and minimum V due to variations in k(S) for a given Z(S) is an intrinsic property of the laser insensitive to configurational details. Parameter W so defined, therefore, proves very useful for balancing path lengths. This is of particular importance for systems where probe and/or reference beams are transmitted via long single mode optical fibers, so this application is detailed. Optical path lengths within such fibers often cannot be measured to sufficient accuracy by spatial path length measurements due to fiber nonuniformity resulting in variations in the mode's group velocity (needed to convert to optical path length). Two examples are provided using different makes and models of 0.633 mu m HeNe lasers with similar specifications. In the first case, the function W (Z(S)) is calculated directly from the laser's published gain profile and mode separation. In the second case, W is determined empirically for a range of Z(S) values for a laser with an unknown gain profile in a (heterodyned) interferometer whose interference signal oscillates between maximum and minimum intensity at 80 MHz due to the reference beam's optical frequency being acousto-optically upshifted by that amount, while k(S) spontaneously varies on an acoustic time scale. A single high-bandwidth waveform record for each Z(S), therefore, provides all the information needed to determine W. Despite the second laser's gain profile apparently differing in detail, qualitative agreement is achieved between the two methods sufficient to validate the technique. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Ruden, E. L.] Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Camacho, J. F.] NumerEx LLC, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Lynn, A. G.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Ruden, EL (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. FU Department of Energy, Office of Fusion Energy Science [IA-DE-AI02-04ER54764] FX This work was supported by the Department of Energy, Office of Fusion Energy Science, Grant No. IA-DE-AI02-04ER54764. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 84 IS 10 AR 103103 DI 10.1063/1.4822273 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 247TS UT WOS:000326645300004 PM 24182097 ER PT J AU Nepal, D Drummy, LF Biswas, S Park, K Vaia, RA AF Nepal, Dhriti Drummy, Lawrence F. Biswas, Sushmita Park, Kyoungweon Vaia, Richard A. TI Large Scale Solution Assembly of Quantum Dot-Gold Nanorod Architectures with Plasmon Enhanced Fluorescence SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE gold nanorods; quantum dots; plasmon-exciton; controlled spacing; position; directed assembly; large-scale ID METAL-SEMICONDUCTOR NANOSTRUCTURES; SPONTANEOUS EMISSION; GROWTH-MECHANISM; ENERGY-TRANSFER; NANOPARTICLES; SILICA; NANOCRYSTALS; SURFACE; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; SIZE AB Tailoring the efficiency of fluorescent emission via plasmon-exciton coupling requires structure control on a nanometer length scale using a high-yield fabrication route not achievable with current lithographic techniques. These systems can be fabricated using a bottom-up approach if problems of colloidal stability and low yield can be addressed. We report progress on this pathway with the assembly of quantum dots (emitter) on gold nanorods (plasmonic units) with precisely controlled spacing, quantum dot/nanorod ratio, and long-term colloidal stability, which enables the purification and encapsulation of the assembled architecture in a protective silica shell. Overall, such controllability with nanometer precision allows one to synthesize stable, complex architectures at large volume in a rational and controllable manner. The assembled architectures demonstrate photoluminescent enhancement (5 x) useful for applications ranging from biological sensing to advanced optical communication. C1 [Nepal, Dhriti; Drummy, Lawrence F.; Biswas, Sushmita; Park, Kyoungweon; Vaia, Richard A.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Vaia, RA (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM richard.vaia@us.af.mil FU Materials and Manufacturing Directorate; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The authors would like to acknowledge Dr. Peter A. Mirau and Dr. Hilmar Koerner for very valuable comments in the manuscript and Dr. Hilmar Koerner for his assistance with the graphics in Figure 1. This work was completed at Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) at Wright Patterson Air Force Base with funding from Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, as well as Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 66 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 9 U2 177 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 EI 1936-086X J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD OCT PY 2013 VL 7 IS 10 BP 9064 EP 9074 DI 10.1021/nn403671q PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 242AF UT WOS:000326209100079 PM 24004164 ER PT J AU Williams, NL Glover, MM Crisp, C Acton, AL Mckenna, DS AF Williams, Ned L. Glover, Melanie M. Crisp, Catrina Acton, Angus L. Mckenna, David S. TI Randomized Controlled Trial of the Effect of 30% versus 80% Fraction of Inspired Oxygen on Cesarean Delivery Surgical Site Infection SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PERINATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cesarean; Fio(2); infection; surgical; oxygen ID SUPPLEMENTAL PERIOPERATIVE OXYGEN; WOUND-INFECTION; PULSE OXIMETRY; RISK; REDUCE AB Objective To determine if supplemental perioperative oxygen will reduce surgical site infection (SSI) following cesarean delivery. Methods This is a randomized, controlled trial evaluating SSI following either 30% or 80% fraction of inspired oxygen (Fio(2)) during and 2 hours after cesarean delivery. Anesthesia providers administered Fio(2) via a high-flow oxygen blender. Subjects, surgeons, and wound evaluation teams were blinded. Serial wound evaluations were performed. Data were analyzed using logistic regression models, Fisher exact test, and t test. Results In all, 179 women were randomized, and 160 subjects were included in the analysis. There were 12/83 (14.5%) SSIs in the control group versus 10/77 (13.0%) in the investigational group (p = 0.82). Caucasian race, increased body mass index, and longer operative time were identified as significant risk factors for infection (p = 0.026, odds ratio 0.283; p = 0.05, odds ratio = 1.058; p = 0.037, odds ratio = 1.038, respectively). Conclusion Perioperative oxygenation with 80% Fio(2) is not effective in reducing SSI following cesarean delivery. C1 [Williams, Ned L.; Glover, Melanie M.; Crisp, Catrina; Acton, Angus L.; Mckenna, David S.] Wright State Univ, Dept Obstet, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Williams, Ned L.; Glover, Melanie M.; Crisp, Catrina; Acton, Angus L.; Mckenna, David S.] Wright State Univ, Dept Gynecol, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Williams, Ned L.; Glover, Melanie M.; Crisp, Catrina; Acton, Angus L.; Mckenna, David S.] Miami Valley Hosp, Dayton, OH USA. [Williams, Ned L.] US Air Force, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Williams, NL (reprint author), 4881 Sugar Maple, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM ned.williams@wpafb.af.mil NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU THIEME MEDICAL PUBL INC PI NEW YORK PA 333 SEVENTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA SN 0735-1631 EI 1098-8785 J9 AM J PERINAT JI Am. J. Perinatol. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 30 IS 9 BP 779 EP 786 DI 10.1055/s-0032-1333405 PG 6 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 217WI UT WOS:000324392900012 ER PT J AU Hill, E Higgs, JB Sky, K Sit, M Collamer, AN AF Hill, Erica Higgs, Jay B. Sky, Karen Sit, Michelle Collamer, Angelique N. TI Does Starting Allopurinol Prolong Acute Treated Gout? SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 77th Annual Meeting of the American-College-of-Rheumatology / 48th Annual Meeting of the Association-of-Rheumatology-Health-Professionals CY OCT 25-30, 2013 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Coll Rheumatol, Assoc Rheumatol Hlth Profess C1 [Hill, Erica; Higgs, Jay B.] San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. [Sky, Karen] Alaska VA Healthcare Syst, US Dept Vet Affairs, Anchorage, AK USA. [Sit, Michelle] David Grant Med Ctr, Travis AFB, CA USA. [Collamer, Angelique N.] Langley AFB Hosp, Langley AFB, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0004-3591 EI 1529-0131 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM-US JI Arthritis Rheum. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 65 SU 10 SI SI MA 1722 BP S730 EP S730 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 230RF UT WOS:000325359204182 ER PT J AU Dickerson, MB Fillery, SP Koerner, H Singh, KM Martinick, K Drummy, LF Durstock, MF Vaia, RA Omenetto, FG Kaplan, DL Naik, RR AF Dickerson, Matthew B. Fillery, Scott P. Koerner, Hilmar Singh, Kristi M. Martinick, Katie Drummy, Lawrence F. Durstock, Michael F. Vaia, Richard A. Omenetto, Fiorenzo G. Kaplan, David L. Naik, Rajesh R. TI Dielectric Breakdown Strength of Regenerated Silk Fibroin Films as a Function of Protein Conformation SO BIOMACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID ELECTRICAL BREAKDOWN; FUTURE-PROSPECTS; SPIDER SILK; POLYPROPYLENE; BIOMATERIALS; ELECTRONICS; TRANSISTORS; DEPENDENCE; MORPHOLOGY; POLYMERS AB Derived from Bombyx mori cocoons, regenerated silk fibroin (RSF) exhibits excellent biocompatibility, high toughness, and tailorable biodegradability. Additionally, RSF materials are flexible, optically clear, easily patterned with nanoscale features, and may be doped with a variety bioactive species. This unique combination of properties has led to increased interest in the use of RSF in sustainable and biocompatible electronic devices. In order to explore the applicability of this biopolymer to the development of future bioelectronics, the dielectric breakdown strength (E-bd) of RSF thin films was quantified as a function of protein conformation. The application of processing conditions that increased beta-sheet content (as determined by FTIR analysis) and produced films in the silk II structure resulted in RSF materials with improved E-bd with values reaching up to 400 V/mu m. C1 [Dickerson, Matthew B.; Fillery, Scott P.; Koerner, Hilmar; Singh, Kristi M.; Drummy, Lawrence F.; Durstock, Michael F.; Vaia, Richard A.; Naik, Rajesh R.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Martinick, Katie; Omenetto, Fiorenzo G.; Kaplan, David L.] Tufts Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Medford, MA 02155 USA. RP Naik, RR (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM rajesh.naik@us.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX We would like to thank Dr. Alexander Hexemer and Dr. Eric Schaible for guidance, setup, and data collection at beamline 7.3.3 at ALS/LBNL. This research was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 37 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 38 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1525-7797 EI 1526-4602 J9 BIOMACROMOLECULES JI Biomacromolecules PD OCT PY 2013 VL 14 IS 10 BP 3509 EP 3514 DI 10.1021/bm4008452 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 240UI UT WOS:000326122800019 PM 23987229 ER PT J AU Hoopes, DJ Mitchell, JD Eastham, DV Chesnut, TJ Crooks, S Engel, R Skinner, WKJ Hersey, CD Knezienski, NI Hale, ER AF Hoopes, D. J. Mitchell, J. D. Eastham, D. V. Chesnut, T. J. Crooks, S. Engel, R. Skinner, W. K. J. Hersey, C. D. Knezienski, N. I. Hale, E. R. TI Prospective Peer Review in a Nonacademic Radiation Oncology Clinic SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 55th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Radiation-Oncology (ASTRO) CY SEP 22-25, 2013 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Radiat Oncol C1 [Hoopes, D. J.; Mitchell, J. D.; Eastham, D. V.; Crooks, S.; Engel, R.; Hersey, C. D.; Knezienski, N. I.] David Grant Med Ctr, Tavis AFB, CA USA. [Chesnut, T. J.] US Bur Census, Suitland, MD USA. [Skinner, W. K. J.] Walter Reed Bethesda Natl Mil Med, Bethesda, CA USA. [Hale, E. R.] Wright Patterson Med Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0360-3016 EI 1879-355X J9 INT J RADIAT ONCOL JI Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 2013 VL 87 IS 2 SU S BP S585 EP S586 PG 2 WC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 219JY UT WOS:000324503602205 ER PT J AU Kaszynski, AA Beck, JA Brown, JM AF Kaszynski, Alex A. Beck, Joseph A. Brown, Jeffrey M. TI Uncertainties of an Automated Optical 3D Geometry Measurement, Modeling, and Analysis Process for Mistuned Integrally Bladed Rotor Reverse Engineering SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article AB An automated reverse engineering process is developed that uses a structured light optical measurement system to collect dense point cloud geometry representations. The modeling process is automated through integration of software for point cloud processing, reverse engineering, solid model creation, grid generation, and structural solution. Process uncertainties are quantified on a calibration block and demonstrated on an academic transonic integrally bladed rotor. These uncertainties are propagated through physics-based models to assess impacts on predicted modal and mistuned forced response. Process details are discussed and recommendations made on reducing uncertainty. Reverse engineered parts averaged a deviation of 0.0002 in. (5 mu m) which did not significantly impact low and midrange frequency responses. High frequency modes were found to be sensitive to these uncertainties demonstrating the need for future refinement of reverse engineering processes. C1 [Kaszynski, Alex A.; Beck, Joseph A.; Brown, Jeffrey M.] Air Force Res Lab, Turbine Engine Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kaszynski, AA (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Turbine Engine Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Alex.Kasynski@wpafb.af.mil; Joseph.Beck@wpafb.af.mil; Jeffrey.Brown@wpafb.af.mil NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 10 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0742-4795 EI 1528-8919 J9 J ENG GAS TURB POWER JI J. Eng. Gas. Turbines Power-Trans. ASME PD OCT PY 2013 VL 135 IS 10 AR 102504 DI 10.1115/1.4025000 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 241IH UT WOS:000326159400013 ER PT J AU Hsu, PS Kulatilaka, WD Gord, JR Roy, S AF Hsu, Paul S. Kulatilaka, Waruna D. Gord, James R. Roy, Sukesh TI Single-shot thermometry using fiber-based picosecond coherent anti-stokes Raman scattering (CARS) spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE picosecond coherent anti-stokes Raman scattering; fiber optics; combustion diagnostics ID MULTIMODE OPTICAL-FIBER; LASER-INDUCED-FLUORESCENCE; PHOTONIC-CRYSTAL FIBERS; SILICA FIBERS; BEAM QUALITY; GAS-PHASE; SPECTRA; MICROSCOPY; MOLECULES; DELIVERY AB Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS)-spectroscopy-based thermometry techniques developed for laboratory flames face a stiff challenge when implemented in practical combustion environments such as engine test facilities. In addition to limited optical access, the harsh environments associated with these test facilities (i.e. uncontrolled humidity, vibration, and large thermal gradients) often restrict the operation of sensitive laser systems. To circumvent this problem, we have developed a fiber-based, picosecond (ps) CARS system employing long-length (up to 6m), multimode silica fibers that permits the laser system to be isolated from the high heat and vibration of the test hardware. Proof-of-principle, single-laser-shot temperature measurements using a 3-m-long fiber system are demonstrated in atmospheric pressure, near-adiabatic, laboratory H-2-air flames. Limitations that are imposed by long-length multimode-fiber beam delivery for CARS thermometry are identified as nonlinear effects during beam propagation along the fiber, depolarization of the laser beam, and degradation of the beam quality at the output of the fiber. These effects are investigated in detail, and potential improvements are suggested. The current study shows promise for implementation of fiber-based ps-CARS spectroscopy in harsh environments such as those encountered in combustors and afterburners in practical gas-turbine-engine test facilities. Copyright (c) 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Hsu, Paul S.; Kulatilaka, Waruna D.; Roy, Sukesh] Spectral Energies LLC, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Gord, James R.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Roy, S (reprint author), Spectral Energies LLC, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. EM sroy@woh.rr.com FU AFRL [FA9101-09-C-0031, FA8650-10-C-2008]; AFOSR FX The authors gratefully acknowledge useful discussions with Drs. Anil Patnaik and Hans Stauffer of AFRL. Funding for this research was provided by AFRL under Contract Nos. FA9101-09-C-0031 and FA8650-10-C-2008 and by AFOSR (Dr. Chiping Li, Program Manager). NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 32 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0377-0486 EI 1097-4555 J9 J RAMAN SPECTROSC JI J. Raman Spectrosc. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 44 IS 10 SI SI BP 1330 EP 1335 DI 10.1002/jrs.4280 PG 6 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 242WP UT WOS:000326276000005 ER PT J AU Wrzesinski, PJ Stauffer, HU Kulatilaka, WD Gord, JR Roy, S AF Wrzesinski, Paul J. Stauffer, Hans U. Kulatilaka, Waruna D. Gord, James R. Roy, Sukesh TI Time-resolved femtosecond CARS from 10 to 50 Bar: collisional sensitivity SO JOURNAL OF RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article ID STOKES-RAMAN SCATTERING; GAS-PHASE THERMOMETRY; TEMPERATURE-MEASUREMENTS; HIGH-PRESSURE; Q-BRANCH; SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTRA; N-2; BAND; O-2 AB Femtosecond time-resolved coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) measurements are performed on neat N-2 and O-2 as well as on N-2 in the presence of various collisional partners to examine the effects of collisions on the observed signal at pressures as high as 50 bar. An exponential-gap energy-corrected-sudden (ECS-E) scaling law is used to model the rotational energy transfer of pure N-2 at these elevated pressures. After accounting for line-mixing effects, the long-time collisional decay (20-60 picoseconds behavior observed here is consistent with the behavior observed in previous time-resolved CARS studies over the pressure range 0-5 bar. Despite the observation of significant pressure dependence on long-delay timescales, the experimental results demonstrate negligible dependence on pressure and identity of colliding partner during the first 1-3 picoseconds, a time range that has been shown previously to be highly sensitive to temperature. These results suggest that a variety of recently developed time-resolved CARS approaches that allow accurate thermometric measurements to be made over this short 1-3 picosecond range can be used at pressures up to 50 bar without the need to employ models accounting for collisional decay. Copyright (c) 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Wrzesinski, Paul J.] CNR, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Stauffer, Hans U.; Kulatilaka, Waruna D.; Roy, Sukesh] Spectral Energies LLC, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Gord, James R.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Roy, S (reprint author), Spectral Energies LLC, 5100 Springfield St,Suite 301, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. EM sroy@woh.rr.com FU AFRL [FA8650-12-C-2200]; United States Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); United States Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) FX This research was performed while Dr. Wrzesinski was the holder of a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the United States Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL). Funding for this research was provided by AFRL under Contract No. FA8650-12-C-2200 and by the United States Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) (Drs. Enrique Parra & Chiping Li, Program Managers). NR 32 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0377-0486 EI 1097-4555 J9 J RAMAN SPECTROSC JI J. Raman Spectrosc. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 44 IS 10 SI SI BP 1344 EP 1348 DI 10.1002/jrs.4287 PG 5 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 242WP UT WOS:000326276000007 ER PT J AU Tortonesi, M Morelli, A Stefanelli, C Kohler, R Suri, N Watson, S AF Tortonesi, Mauro Morelli, Alessandro Stefanelli, Cesare Kohler, Ralph Suri, Niranjan Watson, Scott TI Enabling the Deployment of COTS Applications in Tactical Edge Networks SO IEEE COMMUNICATIONS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID ENVIRONMENTS OBSERVATIONS; EXPERIENCES AB The increasing adoption of COTS hardware and software technologies in tactical scenarios raises the issue of supporting the deployment of legacy and COTS applications in extremely dynamic and challenging environments such as tactical edge networks (TENs). COTS applications adopt standards devised for wired Internet environments or corporate networks, such as service oriented architectures, and TCP and UDP, thus exhibiting severe reliability and performance problems on TENs. To support the reuse and deployment of COTS applications in TENs, there is the need to develop solutions that mediate the application requirements with the communication semantics of TENs. This article presents an overview of the challenges in deploying COTS applications in TENs and presents NetProxy, a state-of-the-art solution explicitly designed to address them. C1 [Tortonesi, Mauro; Morelli, Alessandro; Stefanelli, Cesare] Univ Ferrara, Dept Engn, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. [Kohler, Ralph] US Air Force, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Suri, Niranjan] Florida Inst Human & Machine Cognit, Tampa, FL USA. [Suri, Niranjan] US Army, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. [Watson, Scott] Space & Naval Warfare Syst Ctr, Charleston, SC USA. RP Tortonesi, M (reprint author), Univ Ferrara, Dept Engn, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. EM mauro.tortonesi@unife.it; alessandro.morelli@unife.it; cesare.stefanelli@unife.it; Ralph.Kohler@rl.af.mil; nsuri@ihmc.us; scott.c.watson@navy.mil OI Tortonesi, Mauro/0000-0002-7417-4455; Morelli, Alessandro/0000-0003-3309-3461 NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0163-6804 EI 1558-1896 J9 IEEE COMMUN MAG JI IEEE Commun. Mag. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 51 IS 10 BP 66 EP 73 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 235CD UT WOS:000325691700007 ER PT J AU Raghavan, RS AF Raghavan, R. S. TI Analysis of Steering Vector Mismatch on Adaptive Noncoherent Integration SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID SIGNAL-DETECTION; PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS; DETECTION ALGORITHM; SUBSPACE DETECTORS; PARAMETRIC GLRT; ARRAY DETECTOR; REJECTION; ENVIRONMENTS; CLUTTER; STAP AB Amplitude and phase errors can cause mismatches between the hypothesized signal vector and the steering vector of an antenna array. A generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) for signal detection with multiple coherent processing intervals (CPIs) in unknown interference is derived. The detection performance of the resulting adaptive noncoherent integration (NCI) algorithm is analyzed along with the effect of steering vector mismatch on detection performance. Detection performance and the effect of steering vector mismatch are illustrated with results for both a nonfluctuating signal model and a CPI-to-CPI fluctuating signal model. It is shown that a signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) loss factor inherent to the algorithm in effect limits the performance gain due to NCI of mismatched signals. C1 Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Raghavan, RS (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, 2241 Avionics Cir,Bldg 620, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM ramachandran.raghaven@wpafb.af.mil NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9251 EI 1557-9603 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 49 IS 4 BP 2496 EP 2508 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 235ZQ UT WOS:000325763100027 ER PT J AU Edwards, J Markert, R Bricker, D AF Edwards, Jason Markert, Ronald Bricker, Dean TI Discharge Against Medical Advice: How Often Do We Intervene? SO JOURNAL OF HOSPITAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID LEAVE; AMA; READMISSION; MORTALITY; PROVIDERS; CARE; RISK AB BACKGROUNDDischarges against medical advice (AMA) occur in 1% to 2% of hospital stays and are associated with increased morbidity, readmission rates, and 30-day mortality. Risk factors associated with AMA have been investigated, but interventions at the time of discharge have not been carefully examined. METHODSWe retrospectively reviewed the records of adult patients discharged AMA over a 2-year period from the general medical service of a university-affiliated tertiary care hospital. We assessed for presence of documentation addressing informed consent, patient decision-making capacity, health literacy, follow-up plans, whether medications were prescribed, and whether any warning indicators of impending AMA were apparent. RESULTSTwo hundred ninety-one records were reviewed. AMA notes were present in 276 (94.8%) charts. Notes were authored by physicians in 163 (59.1%) and nurses in 110 (37.8%) encounters. Informed consent was present in 88 (30.2%) charts, mentioned in the note but not present in the chart in 111 (38.1%), and not signed in 92 (31.6%) charts. Decision-making capacity and health literacy were documented in 108 (37.1%) and 75 (25.8%) records, respectively. Warning of impending AMA was present in 217 (74.6%) charts. Medications prescribed and follow-up plans were documented in 71 (24.4%) and 91 (31.3%) charts, respectively. CONCLUSIONSAdvance warning of impending AMA is often present, yet only a minority of cases have prescription of medications or development of follow-up plans. Medical documentation of AMA dispositions is frequently inadequate, suggesting missed opportunities to intervene as well as suboptimal medicolegal scenarios. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2013;8:574-577. (c) 2013 Society of Hospital Medicine C1 [Edwards, Jason; Markert, Ronald; Bricker, Dean] Wright State Univ, Boonshoft Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Edwards, J (reprint author), 4881 Sugar Maple Dr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM jedwards200@gmail.com NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1553-5592 EI 1553-5606 J9 J HOSP MED JI J. Hosp. Med. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 8 IS 10 BP 574 EP 577 DI 10.1002/jhm.2087 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 230NF UT WOS:000325347000006 PM 24101542 ER PT J AU Simpson, JR Listak, CM Hutto, GT AF Simpson, James R. Listak, Charles M. Hutto, Gregory T. TI Guidelines for Planning and Evidence for Assessing a Well-Designed Experiment SO QUALITY ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE design of experiments; design metrics; experiment checklists; statistical power; test phase; test planning AB Since the design of experiments was first introduced by Fisher 90 years ago, this scientific and statistical approach to system interrogation for acquiring knowledge has enjoyed success across industries and among products, processes, and services. In the last decade, military test organizations have been promoting the use of design of experiments (DOE) as the preferred method of constructing and analyzing test programs. Increasingly, design of experiments is being used to greater effect and its impact is reaching groups less experienced in the method. Stories of successful application continue to have a common thread: detailed, effective planning. But not all organizations have members experienced in DOE test planning. And although planning papers and how-to case studies have appeared in the literature, the volume of these contribution types is dwarfed by theory and methods papers. If an experiment is planned and the planning process is documented, how would one go about assessing that plan? If the desire is to gauge the probability of experiment success as defined by a robust and truthful understanding of the system revealed upon analysis of the data, can the plan be assessed prior to test execution? This article proposes guidelines and evidence that span all phases of the experiment cycle, which can inform assessment of experiment planning soundness. The experiment cycle of plan, design, execute, and analyze (consistent with literature and texts) is used to structure the discussion, geared toward an audience somewhat familiar with the DOE method. Checklists are provided for each experiment phase coupled with descriptions of what would constitute fingerprints of successful implementation. C1 [Simpson, James R.; Listak, Charles M.; Hutto, Gregory T.] US Air Force, Eglin, FL 32542 USA. RP Simpson, JR (reprint author), US Air Force, Grp OA, 53D Test Management, Eglin, FL 32542 USA. EM James.Simpson@eglin.af.mil NR 39 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0898-2112 EI 1532-4222 J9 QUAL ENG JI Qual. Eng. PD OCT 1 PY 2013 VL 25 IS 4 BP 333 EP 355 DI 10.1080/08982112.2013.803574 PG 23 WC Engineering, Industrial; Statistics & Probability SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 240AY UT WOS:000326068300003 ER PT J AU Bailitz, J Nolting, L Ferre, R Cosby, K Budhram, G Bengiamin, R Baty, G Hoffman, B Summers, S AF Bailitz, J. Nolting, L. Ferre, R. Cosby, K. Budhram, G. Bengiamin, R. Baty, G. Hoffman, B. Summers, S. CA Hunt Portal Res Network TI The Portal Research Network: Defining the Learning Curve of Emergency Medicine Resident Point-of-Care Trainees SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Research Forum of the American-College-of-Emergency-Physicians (ACEP) CY OCT 14-15, 2013 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Coll Emergency Phys C1 Cook Cty Hosp, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Palmetto Hlth, Columbia, SC USA. Vanderbilt, Nashville, TN USA. Baystate Med Ctr, Springfield, ME USA. UCSF Fresno Community Med Ctr, Fresno, CA USA. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 62 IS 4 SU S BP S78 EP S79 PG 2 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 232PO UT WOS:000325506500213 ER PT J AU Issar-Grill, N Roberts, HW Wright, EF Dixon, SA Vandewalle, KS AF Issar-Grill, Noana Roberts, Howard W. Wright, Edward F. Dixon, Sara A. Vandewalle, Kraig S. TI Volumetric Wear of Various Orthotic Appliance Materials SO CRANIO-THE JOURNAL OF CRANIOMANDIBULAR PRACTICE LA English DT Article ID IN-VITRO WEAR; TEMPOROMANDIBULAR DISORDERS AB The purpose of this study was to compare the resistance to wear of six commonly used orthotic appliance materials. These materials were: SR Ivocap (Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc., Amherst, NY), Eclipse (Dentsply International, York, PA), ProBase (Ivoclar Vivadent), Valplast (Valplast International Corp., Oceanside, NY), Impak (CMP Industries LLC, Albany, NY), and Clearsplint (Astron Dental Corp., Lake Zurich, IL). Twelve cylindrical specimens of each material were fabricated per manufacturer instructions. Occlusal wear was simulated in a custom-made wear simulator with each specimen receiving four wear scars in a two-body wear simulation using a 1.5 mm tungsten-carbide tipped stylus at 40 newtons for 2500 cycles at 1 Hz, while immersed in 37 degrees C distilled water (n=48). The specimens were evaluated before and after wear testing using a three-dimensional (3D) noncontact profilometer (Proscan 2000, Scantron Corp., Eagan, MN). A mean change in volume was determined for each orthotic material. Results found that Clearsplint material displayed the greatest amount of volume loss/wear, while SR Ivocap, Eclipse, and ProBase materials had the least amount of wear. Valplast and lmpak performed more moderately. Based upon this wear knowledge, practitioners are able to more reliably choose the appliance material necessary for their various patients. C1 [Issar-Grill, Noana] Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Roberts, Howard W.; Dixon, Sara A.; Vandewalle, Kraig S.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Wright, Edward F.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. RP Vandewalle, KS (reprint author), Air Force Postgrad Dent Sch, 1615 Truemper St, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM kraig.vandewalle@lackland.af.mil NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHROMA INC PI CHATTANOOGA PA PO BOX 8887, CHATTANOOGA, TN 37414 USA SN 0886-9634 EI 2151-0903 J9 CRANIO JI Cranio-J. Craniomandib. Pract. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 31 IS 4 BP 270 EP 275 PG 6 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 233TE UT WOS:000325591600006 PM 24308100 ER PT J AU Covey, CJ AF Covey, Carlton J. TI Lessons Learned in the Death and Birth of GME Programs SO FAMILY MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Covey, Carlton J.] Nellis Family Med Residency, Nellis Afb, NV USA. [Covey, Carlton J.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Family Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Covey, CJ (reprint author), Nellie Family Med Residency, 99MDOS SGOF,4700 Vegas Blvd North, Las Vegas, NV 89191 USA. EM carlcovey24@gmail.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC TEACHERS FAMILY MEDICINE PI LEAWOOD PA 11400 TOMAHAWK CREEK PARKWAY, STE 540, LEAWOOD, KS 66207 USA SN 0742-3225 EI 1938-3800 J9 FAM MED JI Fam. Med. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 45 IS 9 BP 652 EP 653 PG 2 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 233VL UT WOS:000325597500008 PM 24136697 ER PT J AU Granlund, KO Ol, MV Bernal, LP AF Granlund, Kenneth O. Ol, Michael V. Bernal, Luis P. TI Unsteady pitching flat plates SO JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE low-dimensional models; nonlinear dynamical systems; separated flows; vortex flows; wakes/jets ID INITIAL ACCELERATION; FORCE GENERATION; DYNAMIC STALL; AIRFOILS; VORTEX AB Direct force measurements and qualitative flow visualization were used to compare flow field evolution versus lift and drag for a nominally two-dimensional rigid flat plate executing smoothed linear pitch ramp manoeuvres in a water tunnel. Non-dimensional pitch rate was varied from 0.01 to 0.5, incidence angle from 0 to 90 degrees, and pitch pivot point from the leading to the trailing edge. For low pitch rates, the main unsteady effect is delay of stall beyond the steady incidence angle. Shifting the time base to account for different pivot points leads to collapse of both lift/drag history and flow field history. For higher rates, a leading edge vortex forms; its history also depends on pitch pivot point, but linear shift in time base is not successful in collapsing lift/drag history. Instead, a phenomenological algebraic relation, valid at the higher pitch rates, accounts for lift and drag for different rates and pivot points, through at least 45 degrees incidence angle. C1 [Granlund, Kenneth O.; Ol, Michael V.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson Afb, OH 45433 USA. [Bernal, Luis P.] Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Granlund, KO (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson Afb, OH 45433 USA. EM kenneth.granlund@wpafb.af.mil FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative (MURI) [FA9550-07-1-0547] FX L.P.B. would like to acknowledge the support of the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative (MURI), contract number FA9550-07-1-0547, Dr D. Smith program monitor. NR 27 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 21 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0022-1120 EI 1469-7645 J9 J FLUID MECH JI J. Fluid Mech. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 733 AR R5 DI 10.1017/jfm.2013.444 PG 13 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 234MT UT WOS:000325649100005 ER PT J AU Doutt, DR Balaz, S Isabella, L Look, DC Leedy, KD Brillson, LJ AF Doutt, Daniel R. Balaz, S. Isabella, L. Look, D. C. Leedy, K. D. Brillson, L. J. TI Role of native point defects and Ga diffusion on electrical properties of degenerate Ga-doped ZnO SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC SOLID STATE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE defect; doping; TCO; ZnO AB We used a complement of depth-resolved cathodoluminescence spectroscopy (DRCLS), X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS), and Hall-effect measurements to demonstrate the interplay of Zn vacancy-related (V-Zn-R) defects with dopants in degenerately Ga-doped ZnO grown by pulsed laser deposition. DRCLS V-Zn-R/conduction band emission ratios relate to acceptor/donor concentrations, increasing rapidly for growth temperatures >400 degrees C, evidently because Ga atoms are inhibited from incorporating efficiently on available V-Zn sites. Elemental XPS depth profiles reveal a temperature-dependent Ga interface segregation due to Ga bulk diffusion during growth. DRCLS Fermi level thresholds provide a useful indicator of carrier density, revealing depth variations in carrier density that anticorrelate with V-Zn-R densities on a nm scale, confirming the acceptor nature of V-Zn-R defects. (C) 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim C1 [Doutt, Daniel R.; Isabella, L.; Brillson, L. J.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Balaz, S.; Brillson, L. J.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Look, D. C.] Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Look, D. C.] Wile Labs Inc, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Leedy, K. D.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Doutt, DR (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, 174 W 18th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM doutt.3@osu.edu FU National Science Foundation [DMR-080-3276]; AFOSR; DOE FX The authors gratefully acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation Grant DMR-080-3276 (C.Y.). D. C. L. also acknowledges support from AFOSR (J.H.) and DOE (R.K.). NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 37 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0370-1972 EI 1521-3951 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI B JI Phys. Status Solidi B-Basic Solid State Phys. PD OCT PY 2013 VL 250 IS 10 BP 2114 EP 2117 DI 10.1002/pssb.201200945 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 232HR UT WOS:000325484300023 ER PT J AU Look, DC Droubay, TC Chambers, SA AF Look, D. C. Droubay, T. C. Chambers, S. A. TI Optical/electrical correlations in ZnO: The plasmonic resonance phase diagram SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC SOLID STATE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Hall effect; plasmons; reflectance; ZnO AB The Drude equation for dielectric constant E(E) depends on four parameters: E, effective mass m*, optical mobility mu(opt), and optical carrier concentration n(opt). By solving this equation at E(E-res)=0, we obtain a relationship between mu(opt) and n(opt) at constant plasmonic resonance energy E-res [or wavelength (res) (mu m)=1.2395/E-res (eV)]. A family of mu(opt) versus n(opt) curves covering a range of (res) values (including the limiting wavelength (res)=) constitutes a plasmonic resonance phase diagram (PRPD) for a semiconductor defined by only E and m*. The PRPD is a convenient instrument that allows an immediate prediction of (res) from Hall-effect measurements of mu(H) and n(H). We apply the PRPD analysis to a series of ten ZnO samples grown by pulsed laser deposition at 200 degrees C in an ambient of 33%H-2:67%Ar and annealed in 25 degrees C steps for 10min in air at various temperatures from 400 to 600 degrees C. For the samples annealed at 550 degrees C or lower, the mu(H)/n(H) points yield predicted values of (res) that range from 1.07 to 2.80 mu m; however, the 575 and 600 degrees C samples are predicted to have no resonance at all. Reflectance curves for the eight samples annealed up to 550 degrees C decrease slowly from 6eV down to about E-res=0.5-1.15eV, and then increase rapidly for E1300 m(2)/g) macro-to-microporous carbon. Here we demonstrate, for the first time, how the chemical tailoring of such hierarchically-porous, carbon-converted, 3D biogenic structures can result in a high degree of enzyme loading for rapid flow-through catalysis. Two approaches have been developed for enriching such structures with carboxylic acid groups: i) dendritic amplification of partially-oxidized C replicas, and ii) electrochemical Au deposition followed by self-assembly of a carboxylic acid-bearing surface layer. The terminal carboxylic acid groups were then used for electrostatic attachment of a protamine (PA) modified derivative of the model enzyme, glucose oxidase (GOx-PA). In a flow-through system, the GOx-PA-loaded, diatom-derived microscale structures displayed a glucose consumption rate more than 80% faster than for GOx-PA-loaded C black and Au nanoparticles. The rapid flow-through catalysis of the carbon and gold-bearing frustule replicas was enabled by the open 3D morphology of the starting diatom silica templates, along with the enhanced surface area and high enzyme loading resulting from the chemical conversion and surface functionalization processes. C1 [Davis, Stan C.; Cai, Ye; Fang, Yunnan; Berrigan, John D.; Kroeger, Nils; Sandhage, Kenneth H.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Sheppard, Vonda C.] Metrics Inc, Greenville, NC 27834 USA. [Sheppard, Vonda C.; Begum, Gousia; Kroeger, Nils; Sandhage, Kenneth H.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Berrigan, John D.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Soft Matter Mat Branch RXAS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Kroeger, Nils] Dresden Inst Technol TU Dresden, ZIK B CUBE, D-01307 Dresden, Germany. [Kroeger, Nils] Dresden Inst Technol TU Dresden, Dept Chem & Food Chem, D-01307 Dresden, Germany. RP Davis, SC (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM kroeger@bcube-dresden.de; ken.sandhage@mse.gatech.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [E-SC0002245]; U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-09-1-0162, FA9550-09-01-0669, FA9550-10-01-0555]; Research Corporation for Science Advancement; European Regional Development Fund (EFRE); Georgia Tech FIB2 Center FX S. C. D. and V. C. S. contributed equally to this work. The work of S. C. D., V. C. S., G. B., N.K., K. H. S. was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Award No. DE-SC0002245. The work of J.D.B. and Y.C. was supported by the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Award No. FA9550-09-1-0162. The work of Y.F. was supported by the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Award No. FA9550-09-01-0669 (for surface functionalization) and No. FA9550-10-01-0555 (for displacive gold deposition). N.K. is grateful for support by the Research Corporation for Science Advancement and by the European Regional Development Fund (EFRE). The authors acknowledge the Georgia Tech FIB2 Center established under NSF funding. NR 88 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 7 U2 81 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1616-301X EI 1616-3028 J9 ADV FUNCT MATER JI Adv. Funct. Mater. PD SEP 25 PY 2013 VL 23 IS 36 SI SI BP 4611 EP 4620 DI 10.1002/adfm.201203758 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 258XW UT WOS:000327493000021 ER PT J AU Traversa, A Loffredo, E Palazzo, AJ Bashore, TL Senesi, N AF Traversa, Andreina Loffredo, Elisabetta Palazzo, Antonio J. Bashore, Terry L. Senesi, Nicola TI Enhancement of Germination and Growth of Slickspot Peppergrass in a New Medium with Two Compost Organic Fractions SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Compost; humic acid; slickspot peppergrass; water-extractable organic matter ID LEPIDIUM-PAPILLIFERUM; ACIDS; SOIL AB Slickspot peppergrass (Lepidium papilliferum) is an herbaceous biennal or possibly perennial rare endemic plant of the southwestern Idaho high desert listed as a threatened species. This plant establishes perennial seed banks, with seeds remaining dormant and viable for several years. This study aimed to enhance the germination and early growth of this plant by adopting a new medium, a nutrient-enriched agar solution, also added with humic acid (HA) and water-extractable organic matter (WEOM) fractions isolated from a green compost (GC) and a mixed compost (MC). The germination percentage of slickspot peppergrass in this new medium was much greater than that obtained in previous studies. Further, the addition of GC-HA in the medium enhanced significantly the germination and early growth of this plant. The addition of GC-WEOM and MC-WEOM were beneficial only on plant growth for at least 7 months. C1 [Traversa, Andreina; Loffredo, Elisabetta; Senesi, Nicola] Univ Bari, Dipartimento Biol & Chim Agroforestale & Ambienta, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Palazzo, Antonio J.] Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH USA. [Bashore, Terry L.] Headquarters Air Combat Command Airspace, Airfield Operat Div, Langley AFB, VA USA. RP Loffredo, E (reprint author), Univ Bari, Dipartimento Biol & Chim Agroforestale & Ambienta, I-70126 Bari, Italy. EM loffredo@agr.uniba.it OI Loffredo, Elisabetta/0000-0003-0783-5193 FU U.S. Army RDECOM ACQ CTR-W911NF, Durham, N.C., USA [W911NF-08-1-0076]; Airspace, Ranges; Airfield Operations Division, HQ Air Combat Command, Langley AFB, Va FX This work was supported by Research Contract No. W911NF-08-1-0076 of the U.S. Army RDECOM ACQ CTR-W911NF, Durham, N.C., USA, with the project title "Effects of quality composts and other organic amendments and their humic and fulvic acid fractions on the germination and early growth of slickspot peppergrass (Lepidium papilliferum) and switchgrass in various experimental conditions," funded by the Airspace, Ranges, and Airfield Operations Division, HQ Air Combat Command, Langley AFB, Va. The opinions and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the U.S. Air Force, U.S. Army, or the federal government. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 15 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PD SEP 25 PY 2013 VL 44 IS 17 BP 2636 EP 2646 DI 10.1080/00103624.2013.811523 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 211PA UT WOS:000323920000013 ER PT J AU Potyrailo, RA Starkey, TA Vukusic, P Ghiradella, H Vasudev, M Bunning, T Naik, RR Tang, ZX Larsen, M Deng, T Zhong, S Palacios, M Grande, JC Zorn, G Goddard, G Zalubovsky, S AF Potyrailo, Radislav A. Starkey, Timothy A. Vukusic, Peter Ghiradella, Helen Vasudev, Milana Bunning, Timothy Naik, Rajesh R. Tang, Zhexiong Larsen, Michael Deng, Tao Zhong, Sheng Palacios, Manuel Grande, James C. Zorn, Gilad Goddard, Gregory Zalubovsky, Sergey TI Discovery of the surface polarity gradient on iridescent Morpho butterfly scales reveals a mechanism of their selective vapor response SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE multivariable sensing; spectral analysis; surface characterization; transmission electron microscopy; image analysis ID POROUS SILICON; PHOTONIC CRYSTALS; COLOR CHANGES; WING SCALES; INTERFERENCE; FLUORESCENCE; EPICUTICLE; INSECTS; CUTICLE; ARRAYS AB For almost a century, the iridescence of tropical Morpho butterfly scales has been known to originate from 3D vertical ridge structures of stacked periodic layers of cuticle separated by air gaps. Here we describe a biological pattern of surface functionality that we have found in these photonic structures. This pattern is a gradient of surface polarity of the ridge structures that runs from their polar tops to their less-polar bottoms. This finding shows a biological pattern design that could stimulate numerous technological applications ranging from photonic security tags to self-cleaning surfaces, gas separators, protective clothing, sensors, and many others. As an important first step, this biomaterial property and our knowledge of its basis has allowed us to unveil a general mechanism of selective vapor response observed in the photonic Morpho nanostructures. This mechanism of selective vapor response brings a multivariable perspective for sensing, where selectivity is achieved within a single chemically graded nanostructured sensing unit, rather than from an array of separate sensors. C1 [Potyrailo, Radislav A.; Tang, Zhexiong; Larsen, Michael; Deng, Tao; Zhong, Sheng; Palacios, Manuel; Grande, James C.; Zorn, Gilad; Goddard, Gregory; Zalubovsky, Sergey] Gen Elect Global Res Ctr, Niskayuna, NY 12309 USA. [Starkey, Timothy A.; Vukusic, Peter] Univ Exeter, Sch Phys, Exeter EX4 4QL, Devon, England. [Ghiradella, Helen] SUNY Albany, Dept Biol Sci, Albany, NY 12222 USA. [Vasudev, Milana; Bunning, Timothy; Naik, Rajesh R.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Deng, Tao] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, State Key Lab Met Matrix Composites, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China. RP Potyrailo, RA (reprint author), Gen Elect Global Res Ctr, Niskayuna, NY 12309 USA. EM potyrailo@crd.ge.com FU DARPA [W911NF-10-C-0069]; GE's Advanced Technology research funds FX We thank H. Grade, M. Pietrzykowski, R. Schnoor, W. Shang, and V. Smentkowski (General Electric, GE), D. Gallagher and P. Lloyd (Air Force Research Laboratory), R. Bonam and J. Hartley (University at Albany), S. N. Gorb (University of Kiel), and V. Greanya and J. Abo-Shaeer (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, DARPA) for fruitful discussions. This work has been supported in part from DARPA Contract W911NF-10-C-0069 and from GE's Advanced Technology research funds. NR 43 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 5 U2 87 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD SEP 24 PY 2013 VL 110 IS 39 BP 15567 EP 15572 DI 10.1073/pnas.1311196110 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 222XE UT WOS:000324765100025 PM 24019497 ER PT J AU Drachuk, I Shchepelina, O Harbaugh, S Kelley-Loughnane, N Stone, M Tsukruk, VV AF Drachuk, Irina Shchepelina, Olga Harbaugh, Svetlana Kelley-Loughnane, Nancy Stone, Morley Tsukruk, Vladimir V. TI Cell Surface Engineering with Edible Protein Nanoshells SO SMALL LA English DT Article DE protein nanoshells; biodegradation; encapsulated cells; LbL coatings; yeast cells ID SILK FIBROIN; MULTILAYER CAPSULES; BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS; MOLECULAR RECOGNITION; DRUG-DELIVERY; LIVING CELLS; SPIDER SILK; THIN-FILMS; ENCAPSULATION; ULTRATHIN AB Natural protein (silk fibroin) nanoshells are assembled on the surface of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cells without compromising their viability. The nanoshells facilitate initial protection of the cells and allow them to function in encapsulated state for some time period, afterwards being completely biodegraded and consumed by the cells. In contrast to a traditional methanol treatment, the gentle ionic treatment suggested here stabilizes the shell silk fibroin structure but does not compromise the viability of the cells, as indicated by the fast response of the encapsulated cells, with an immediate activation by the inducer molecules. Extremely high viability rates (up to 97%) and preserved activity of encapsulated cells are facilitated by cytocompatibility of the natural proteins and the formation of highly porous shells in contrast to traditional polyelectrolyte-based materials. Moreover, in a high contrast to traditional synthetic shells, the silk proteins are biodegradable and can be consumed by cells at a later stage of growth, thus releasing the cells from their temporary protective capsules. These on-demand encapsulated cells can be considered a valuable platform for biocompatible and biodegradable cell encapsulation, controlled cell protection in a synthetic environment, transfer to a device environment, and cell implantation followed by biodegradation and consumption of protective protein shells. C1 [Drachuk, Irina; Shchepelina, Olga; Tsukruk, Vladimir V.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Harbaugh, Svetlana; Kelley-Loughnane, Nancy; Stone, Morley] Air Force Res Lab, Directorate Human Effectiveness, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Tsukruk, VV (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM vladimir@mse.gatech.edu FU (BIONIC Center) from Air Force Office Of Scientific Research [FA9550-11-1-0233, FA9550-09-1-0162] FX The study is supported by grants FA9550-11-1-0233 and FA9550-09-1-0162 (BIONIC Center) from Air Force Office Of Scientific Research. We acknowledge Chunhong Ye for some AFM images and Kesong Hu for silk purification. We thank Prof. V. T. Milam (GaTech) for providing access to Zeta-sizer. NR 82 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 35 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1613-6810 EI 1613-6829 J9 SMALL JI Small PD SEP 23 PY 2013 VL 9 IS 18 BP 3128 EP 3137 DI 10.1002/smll.201202992 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 263PZ UT WOS:000327821800016 PM 23606641 ER PT J AU Liu, XX Massey, JW Wu, MF Kim, KT Shore, RA Yilmaz, AE Alu, A AF Liu, Xing-Xiang Massey, Jackson W. Wu, Ming-Feng Kim, Kristopher T. Shore, Robert A. Yilmaz, Ali E. Alu, Andrea TI Homogenization of three-dimensional metamaterial objects and validation by a fast surface-integral equation solver SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID LENS AB A homogenization model is applied to describe the wave interaction with finite three-dimensional metamaterial objects composed of periodic arrays of magnetodielectric spheres and is validated with full-wave numerical simulations. The homogenization is based on a dipolar model of the inclusions, which is shown to hold even in the case of densely packed arrays once weak forms of spatial dispersion and the full dynamic array coupling are taken into account. The numerical simulations are based on a fast surface-integral equation solver that enables the analysis of scattering from complex piecewise homogeneous objects. We validate the homogenization model by considering electrically large disk- and cube-shaped arrays and quantify the accuracy of the transition from an array of spheres to a homogeneous object as a function of the array size. Simulation results show that the fields scattered from large arrays with up to one thousand spheres and equivalent homogeneous objects agree well, not only far away from the arrays but also near them. (c) 2013 Optical Society of America C1 [Liu, Xing-Xiang; Massey, Jackson W.; Wu, Ming-Feng; Yilmaz, Ali E.; Alu, Andrea] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Kim, Kristopher T.] RYHA, AFRL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Shore, Robert A.] ARCON Corp, Waltham, MA 02451 USA. RP Alu, A (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM ayilmaz@mail.utexas.edu; alu@mail.utexas.edu RI Alu, Andrea/A-1328-2007 OI Alu, Andrea/0000-0002-4297-5274 FU AFOSR YIP [FA9550-11-1-0009]; NSF [ECCS-0953311, ECCS-0725729] FX This work has been partially supported by the AFOSR YIP award No. FA9550-11-1-0009, the NSF CAREER award ECCS-0953311, and the NSF grant ECCS-0725729. NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 10 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD SEP 23 PY 2013 VL 21 IS 19 BP 21714 EP 21727 DI 10.1364/OE.21.021714 PG 14 WC Optics SC Optics GA 233DY UT WOS:000325547200001 PM 24104066 ER PT J AU Liu, M Howe, BM Grazulis, L Mahalingam, K Nan, TX Sun, NX Brown, GJ AF Liu, Ming Howe, Brandon M. Grazulis, Lawrence Mahalingam, Krishnamurthy Nan, Tianxiang Sun, Nian X. Brown, Gail J. TI Voltage-Impulse-Induced Non-Volatile Ferroelastic Switching of Ferromagnetic Resonance for Reconfigurable Magnetoelectric Microwave Devices SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE multiferroics; magnetoelectric composites; microwave devices; non-volatile ID THIN-FILMS; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; EXCHANGE BIAS; HETEROSTRUCTURES; MULTIFERROICS; COMPOSITES; MEMORY; MAGNETORESISTANCE; FUTURE C1 [Liu, Ming; Howe, Brandon M.; Grazulis, Lawrence; Mahalingam, Krishnamurthy; Brown, Gail J.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Nan, Tianxiang; Sun, Nian X.] Northeastern Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Liu, M (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM ming.liu.ctr@wpafb.af.mil RI Nan, Tianxiang/O-3820-2015; Nan, Tianxiang/A-8020-2016; Sun, Nian Xiang/F-9590-2010; Liu, Ming/B-4143-2009 OI Sun, Nian Xiang/0000-0002-3120-0094; Liu, Ming/0000-0002-6310-948X FU AFRL Materials & Manufacturing Directorate Applied Metamaterials Program FX This work was supported by the AFRL Materials & Manufacturing Directorate Applied Metamaterials Program. NR 47 TC 64 Z9 67 U1 12 U2 147 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 EI 1521-4095 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD SEP 20 PY 2013 VL 25 IS 35 BP 4886 EP 4892 DI 10.1002/adma.201301989 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 261VN UT WOS:000327692800008 PM 23857709 ER PT J AU Melko, JJ Ard, SG Fournier, JA Shuman, NS Troe, J Viggiano, AA AF Melko, Joshua J. Ard, Shaun G. Fournier, Joseph A. Shuman, Nicholas S. Troe, Juergen Viggiano, Albert A. TI Comment on "Role of (NO)(2) Dimer in Reactions of Fe+ with NO and NO2 Studied by ICP-SIFT Mass Spectrometry" SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Editorial Material ID ATOMIC TRANSITION-METAL; GAS-PHASE REACTIONS; NITRIC-OXIDE; KINETICS; CATIONS; NITROGEN; ENERGY; FEO+ C1 [Melko, Joshua J.; Ard, Shaun G.; Shuman, Nicholas S.; Viggiano, Albert A.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Fournier, Joseph A.] Yale Univ, Sterling Chem Lab, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Troe, Juergen] Univ Gottingen, Inst Phys Chem, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [Troe, Juergen] Max Planck Inst Biophys Chem, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. RP Viggiano, AA (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM afrl.rvborgmailbox@kirtland.af.mil NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD SEP 19 PY 2013 VL 117 IS 37 BP 9108 EP 9110 DI 10.1021/jp404945p PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 287YT UT WOS:000329579200015 PM 23984713 ER PT J AU Camden, AN Barr, SA Berry, RJ AF Camden, Aerial N. Barr, Stephen A. Berry, Rajiv J. TI Simulations of Peptide-Graphene Interactions in Explicit Water SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID CARBON NANOTUBES; MONTE-CARLO; FREE-ENERGY; FUNCTIONALIZED GRAPHENE; MOLECULAR SIMULATION; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; DRUG-DELIVERY; AMINO-ACIDS; BINDING; ADSORPTION AB The interaction of graphene with biomolecules has a variety of useful applications. In particular, graphitic surfaces decorated with peptides are being considered for high performance biochemical sensors. The interaction of peptides with graphene can also provide insight into the binding behavior of larger biomolecules. In this investigation, we have computed the binding enthalpies of a series of GXG tripeptides with graphene using classical molecular dynamics. Explicit water molecules were included to capture the effect of solvent. Of the twenty amino acid residues examined (X in GXG), arginine, glutamine, and asparagine exhibit the strongest interactions with graphene. Analysis of the trajectories shows that the presence of graphene affects the peptide conformation relative to its conformation in solution. We also find that the peptides favor the graphene interface predominantly due to the influence of the solvent, with hydrophilic residues binding more strongly than hydrophobic residues. These results demonstrate the need to include explicit solvent atoms when modeling peptide-graphene systems to mimic experimental conditions. Furthermore, the scheme outlined herein may be widely applicable for the determination and validation of surface interaction parameters for a host of molecular fragments using a variety of techniques, ranging from coarse-grained models to quantum mechanical methods. C1 [Camden, Aerial N.; Barr, Stephen A.; Berry, Rajiv J.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Berry, RJ (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, 2941 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Rajiv.Berry@us.af.mil NR 52 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 4 U2 51 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD SEP 19 PY 2013 VL 117 IS 37 BP 10691 EP 10697 DI 10.1021/jp403505y PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 287CD UT WOS:000329515200001 PM 23964693 ER PT J AU Saldanha, RJ Pemberton, A Shiflett, P Perutka, J Whitt, JT Ellington, A Lambowitz, AM Kramer, R Taylor, D Lamkin, TJ AF Saldanha, Roland J. Pemberton, Adin Shiflett, Patrick Perutka, Jiri Whitt, Jacob T. Ellington, Andrew Lambowitz, Alan M. Kramer, Ryan Taylor, Deborah Lamkin, Thomas J. TI Rapid targeted gene disruption in Bacillus anthracis SO BMC BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GROUP-II INTRON; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GENOME SEQUENCE; DNA; ENDONUCLEASE; BACTERIA; MOBILITY; PROTEIN; RNA; TRANSCRIPTION AB Background: Anthrax is a zoonotic disease recognized to affect herbivores since Biblical times and has the widest range of susceptible host species of any known pathogen. The ease with which the bacterium can be weaponized and its recent deliberate use as an agent of terror, have highlighted the importance of gaining a deeper understanding and effective countermeasures for this important pathogen. High quality sequence data has opened the possibility of systematic dissection of how genes distributed on both the bacterial chromosome and associated plasmids have made it such a successful pathogen. However, low transformation efficiency and relatively few genetic tools for chromosomal manipulation have hampered full interrogation of its genome. Results: Group II introns have been developed into an efficient tool for site-specific gene inactivation in several organisms. We have adapted group II intron targeting technology for application in Bacillus anthracis and generated vectors that permit gene inactivation through group II intron insertion. The vectors developed permit screening for the desired insertion through PCR or direct selection of intron insertions using a selection scheme that activates a kanamycin resistance marker upon successful intron insertion. Conclusions: The design and vector construction described here provides a useful tool for high throughput experimental interrogation of the Bacillus anthracis genome and will benefit efforts to develop improved vaccines and therapeutics. C1 [Saldanha, Roland J.; Pemberton, Adin] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Shiflett, Patrick] Henry Jackson Fdn, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. [Perutka, Jiri; Whitt, Jacob T.; Ellington, Andrew; Lambowitz, Alan M.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Cellular & Mol Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Kramer, Ryan; Taylor, Deborah; Lamkin, Thomas J.] AF Res Lab, Mol Signatures Sect, Area B, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Kramer, Ryan] Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Dept Mol Genet Biochem & Microbiol, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. RP Lamkin, TJ (reprint author), AF Res Lab, Mol Signatures Sect, Area B, 711th HPW RHXBC,2510 5th St,Bldg 840 Room W220, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Thomas.Lamkin@wpafb.af.mil FU Chem-Bio Diagnostics program from the Department of Defense Chemical and Biological Defense program through the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) [B102387M]; NIH [GM037949]; Welch Foundation [F-1607] FX This work was supported by the Chem-Bio Diagnostics program contract # B102387M from the Department of Defense Chemical and Biological Defense program through the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA). J.T. W.'s and A.M.L.'s participation in this work was supported by NIH grant GM037949 and Welch Foundation grant F-1607. NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 19 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1472-6750 J9 BMC BIOTECHNOL JI BMC Biotechnol. PD SEP 18 PY 2013 VL 13 AR 72 DI 10.1186/1472-6750-13-72 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 221UW UT WOS:000324686400001 PM 24047152 ER PT J AU Hua, JC Gunaratne, GH Kostka, S Jiang, NB Kiel, BV Gord, JR Roy, S AF Hua, Jia-Chen Gunaratne, Gemunu H. Kostka, Stanislav Jiang, Naibo Kiel, Barry V. Gord, James R. Roy, Sukesh TI Dynamical-systems analysis and unstable periodic orbits in reacting flows behind symmetric bluff bodies SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID PROPER ORTHOGONAL DECOMPOSITION; STRANGE ATTRACTORS; COHERENT STRUCTURES; LYAPUNOV EXPONENTS; PATTERN-FORMATION; CONTROLLING CHAOS; CARDIAC CHAOS; FLAME; TURBULENCE; PERTURBATIONS AB Dynamical systems analysis is performed for reacting flows stabilized behind four symmetric bluff bodies to determine the effects of shape on the nature of flame stability, acoustic coupling, and vortex shedding. The task requires separation of regular, repeatable aspects of the flow from experimental noise and highly irregular, nonrepeatable small-scale structures caused primarily by viscous-mediated energy cascading. The experimental systems are invariant under a reflection, and symmetric vortex shedding is observed throughout the parameter range. As the equivalence ratio-and, hence, acoustic coupling-is reduced, a symmetry-breaking transition to von Karman vortices is initiated. Combining principal-components analysis with a symmetry-based filtering, we construct bifurcation diagrams for the onset and growth of von Karman vortices. We also compute Lyapunov exponents for each flame holder to help quantify the transitions. Furthermore, we outline changes in the phase-space orbits that accompany the onset of von Karman vortex shedding and compute unstable periodic orbits (UPOs) embedded in the complex flows prior to and following the bifurcation. For each flame holder, we find a single UPO in flows without von Karman vortices and a pair of UPOs in flows with von Karman vortices. These periodic orbits organize the dynamics of the flow and can be used to reduce or control flow irregularities. By subtracting them from the overall flow, we are able to deduce the nature of irregular facets of the flows. C1 [Hua, Jia-Chen; Gunaratne, Gemunu H.] Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Kostka, Stanislav; Jiang, Naibo; Roy, Sukesh] Spectral Energies LLC, Dayton, OH 45434 USA. [Kiel, Barry V.; Gord, James R.] Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Roy, S (reprint author), Spectral Energies LLC, Dayton, OH 45434 USA. EM sroy@woh.rr.com RI HUA, JIA-CHEN/L-9657-2016 OI HUA, JIA-CHEN/0000-0002-6591-1417 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-12-C-2200, FA8650-12-M-2283] FX G.H.G. thanks Predrag Cvitanovic for discussions on periodic orbits. Funding for this research was provided by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Dr. Chiping Li, Program Manager) and by the Air Force Research Laboratory under Contracts No. FA8650-12-C-2200 and No. FA8650-12-M-2283. This manuscript has been cleared for public release by the Air Force Research Laboratory (No. 88ABW-2013-1163). NR 61 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD SEP 18 PY 2013 VL 88 IS 3 AR 033011 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.88.033011 PG 17 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 219WK UT WOS:000324541800011 PM 24125348 ER PT J AU Qin, JQ Celestin, S Pasko, VP Cummer, SA McHarg, MG Stenbaek-Nielsen, HC AF Qin, Jianqi Celestin, Sebastien Pasko, Victor P. Cummer, Steven A. McHarg, Matthew G. Stenbaek-Nielsen, Hans C. TI Mechanism of column and carrot sprites derived from optical and radio observations SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE lightning; carrot sprites; column sprites; streamers ID AIR; PHOTOIONIZATION AB The lightning current waveforms observed simultaneously with high-speed video records of a column and a carrot sprite event are incorporated in a plasma fluid model to provide quantitative explanation of these two distinct morphological classes of transient luminous events. We calculate the strength of the lightning-induced electric field at sprite altitudes using a time integral of the ionization frequency integral(t)(0)nu(i)(E/N)dt. For the studied two events, modeling results indicate that these integral values never exceed 18 in the lower ionosphere, which is the minimum value required for the initiation of streamers from single seed electrons according to the Raether-Meek criterion. It is therefore suggested that the presence of electron inhomogeneities is a necessary condition for the initiation of sprite streamers. It is further demonstrated using streamer modeling that a minimum value of the integral similar to 10 is necessary to initiate upward negative streamers from inhomogeneities, corresponding to a minimum charge moment change of similar to 500Ckm under typical nighttime conditions. If the integral values in the entire upper atmosphere are smaller than similar to 10, only column sprites can be produced, dominated by downward positive streamers. C1 [Qin, Jianqi; Pasko, Victor P.] Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Commun & Space Sci Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Celestin, Sebastien] Univ Orleans, Lab Phys & Chem Environm & Space, Natl Ctr Sci Res, Observ Sci Universe French Ctr Reg, Orleans, France. [Cummer, Steven A.] Duke Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Pratt Sch Engn, Durham, NC USA. [McHarg, Matthew G.] US Air Force Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO USA. [Stenbaek-Nielsen, Hans C.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Qin, JQ (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Commun & Space Sci Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM jianqiqin@psu.edu RI Qin, Jianqi/A-2509-2013; Celestin, Sebastien/A-2202-2015; Cummer, Steven/A-6118-2008; Pasko, Victor/S-6024-2016 OI Qin, Jianqi/0000-0003-2213-9305; Cummer, Steven/0000-0002-0002-0613; FU NSF [AGS-0734083, ATM-1104441, ATM-0737605, ATM-0737294]; DARPA NIMBUS [HR0011-101-0059]; French space agency (CNES) FX This research was supported by the NSF Physical and Dynamic Meteorology and the Aeronomy Programs under grants AGS-0734083, ATM-1104441, ATM-0737605, ATM-0737294 and by the DARPA NIMBUS grants HR0011-101-0059. Sebastien Celestin's research was supported by the French space agency (CNES). NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 16 PY 2013 VL 40 IS 17 BP 4777 EP 4782 DI 10.1002/grl.50910 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 232JP UT WOS:000325490300057 ER PT J AU Dickerson, MB Lyon, WJ Gruner, WE Mirau, PA Jespersen, ML Fang, YN Sandhage, KH Naik, RR AF Dickerson, Matthew B. Lyon, Wanda J. Gruner, William E. Mirau, Peter A. Jespersen, Michael L. Fang, Yunnan Sandhage, Kenneth H. Naik, Rajesh R. TI Unlocking the Latent Antimicrobial Potential of Biomimetically Synthesized Inorganic Materials SO ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE biomimetics; biomineralization; biomedical applications; bionanotechnology; functional coatings; antimicrobial materials ID HALAMINE POLYMERIC BIOCIDES; HYPOCHLORITE-INDUCED OXIDATION; NITROGEN-CENTERED RADICALS; ANTI-MICROBIAL SYSTEM; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; N-CHLORINATION; PROTEIN FRAGMENTATION; ENZYME ENCAPSULATION AB Inspired by biomineralization, biomimetic approaches utilize biomolecules and synthetic analogs to produce materials of controlled chemistry, morphology, and function under relatively benign conditions. A common characteristic of biological and biomimetic mineral-forming processes is the generation of mineral/biomolecule nanocomposites. In this work, it is demonstrated that a facile chemical reaction may be utilized to halogenate the nitrogen-containing moieties of the organics entrapped within bio-inorganic composites to yield halamine compounds. This process provides rapid and potent bactericidal activity to biomimetically and biologically produced materials that otherwise lack such functionality. Additionally, bio-inorganic composites containing the chlorinated peptide protamine are effective in rapidly neutralizing Bacillus spores (99.97% reduction in colony forming units within 10 min). The straightforward nature of the described process, and the efficacy of halamine compounds in neutralizing biological and chemical agents, provide new applicability to biogenic and biomimetic materials. C1 [Dickerson, Matthew B.; Mirau, Peter A.; Jespersen, Michael L.; Naik, Rajesh R.] AF Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Dickerson, Matthew B.; Lyon, Wanda J.; Gruner, William E.; Mirau, Peter A.; Jespersen, Michael L.; Naik, Rajesh R.] AF Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Fang, Yunnan; Sandhage, Kenneth H.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Dickerson, MB (reprint author), AF Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Rajesh.Naik@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; AFOSR [FA9550-09-1-0669, FA9550-10-1-0555]; DTRA FX This research was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (R.R.N.) and AFOSR FA9550-09-1-0669 and FA9550-10-1-0555 (YF and KHS). Partial funding for this project was also provided by DTRA (R.R.N.). The authors thank John M. Workman of the University of Dayton Research Institute for his assistance in conducting CHN and Cl elemental analysis. Distribution A: This material cleared for public release, distribution is unlimited (88ABW-2012-4581). NR 89 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 52 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1616-301X EI 1616-3028 J9 ADV FUNCT MATER JI Adv. Funct. Mater. PD SEP 14 PY 2013 VL 23 IS 34 BP 4236 EP 4245 DI 10.1002/adfm.201202851 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 258XR UT WOS:000327492500008 ER PT J AU Untener, EA Comfort, KK Maurer, EI Grabinski, CM Comfort, DA Hussain, SM AF Untener, Emily A. Comfort, Kristen K. Maurer, Elizabeth I. Grabinski, Christin M. Comfort, Donald A. Hussain, Saber M. TI Tannic Acid Coated Gold Nanorods Demonstrate a Distinctive Form of Endosomal Uptake and Unique Distribution within Cells SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE gold nanorod; tannic acid; cellular uptake; endocytosis; protein corona; membrane interaction ID CELLULAR UPTAKE; INTRACELLULAR FATE; ASPECT-RATIO; NANOPARTICLES; SIZE; ENDOCYTOSIS; SHAPE; INTERNALIZATION; CYTOTOXICITY; ABSORPTION AB One of the primary challenges associated with nanoparticle-dependent biological applications is that endosomal entrapment in a physiological environment severely limits the desired targeting and functionality of the nano-constructs. This study sought to overcome that challenge through a systematic approach of gold nanorod (GNR) functionalization: evaluating the influence of both aspect ratio and surface chemistry on targeted cellular internalization rates and preservation of particle integrity. Owing to their unique spectral properties and enhanced surface area, GNRs possess great potential for the advancement of nanobased delivery and imaging applications. However, their ability for efficient intracellular delivery while maintaining their specific physiochemical parameters has yet to be satisfactorily explored. This study identified that longer and positively charged GNRs demonstrated a higher degree of internalization compared to their shorter and negative counterparts. Notably, of the four surface chemistries explored, only tannic acid resulted in retention of GNR integrity following endocytosis into keratinocyte cells, due to the presence of a strong protein corona matrix that served to protect the particles. Taken together, these results identify tannic acid functionalized GNRs as a potential candidate for future development in nanobased biomolecule delivery, bioimaging, and therapeutic applications. C1 [Untener, Emily A.; Comfort, Kristen K.; Maurer, Elizabeth I.; Grabinski, Christin M.; Hussain, Saber M.] Air Force Res Lab, Mol Bioffects Branch, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Untener, Emily A.; Comfort, Kristen K.; Comfort, Donald A.] Univ Dayton, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Hussain, SM (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mol Bioffects Branch, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM saber.hussain@wpafb.af.mil OI Comfort, Donald/0000-0003-4722-0898 FU Air Force Surgeon General; Dayton Area Graduate Studies Institute; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE); Henry Jackson Foundation; ORISE FX We would also like to thank Dr. Kyoungweon Park (AFRL/RXAS) for teaching us her GNR synthesis and functionalization techniques. This work was supported in part by the Air Force Surgeon General. E.A.U. was funded in part through the Dayton Area Graduate Studies Institute as well as Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE). E.I.M. and C.M.G. were supported through the Henry Jackson Foundation and ORISE, respectively. NR 49 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 13 U2 90 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD SEP 11 PY 2013 VL 5 IS 17 BP 8366 EP 8373 DI 10.1021/am402848q PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 294BJ UT WOS:000330017100019 PM 23957848 ER PT J AU Guenthner, AJ Reams, JT Lamison, KR Ramirez, SM Swanson, DD Yandek, GR Sahagun, CM Davis, MC Mabry, JM AF Guenthner, Andrew J. Reams, Josiah T. Lamison, Kevin R. Ramirez, Sean M. Swanson, David D. Yandek, Gregory R. Sahagun, Christopher M. Davis, Matthew C. Mabry, Joseph M. TI Synergistic Physical Properties of Cocured Networks Formed from Di- and Tricyanate Esters SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE thermosetting resin; cyanate ester; polymer blends; polycyanurate networks; flexural properties; cure kinetics ID E-CYANATE ESTER; CURE KINETICS; POLYCYANURATE NETWORKS; THERMAL-PROPERTIES; TRANSITION-TEMPERATURE; THERMOSETTING POLYMERS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; DICYANATE ESTER; BISPHENOL-A; RESINS AB The co-cyclotrimerization of two tricyanate ester monomers, Primaset PT-30 and 1,2,3-tris(4-cyanato)propane (FlexCy) in equal parts by weight with Primaset LECy, a liquid dicyanate ester, was investigated for the purpose of exploring synergistic performance benefits. The monomer mixtures formed stable, homogeneous blends that remained in the supercooled liquid state for long periods at room temperature, thereby providing many of the processing advantages of LECy in combination with significantly higher glass transition temperatures (315-360 degrees C at full cure) due to the presence of the tricyanate-derived segments in the conetwork. Interestingly, the glass transition temperatures of the conetworks after cure at 210 degrees C, at full cure, and after immersion in 85 C water for 96 h were all higher than predicted by the Flory-Fox equation, most significantly for the samples immersed in hot water. Conetworks comprising equal parts by weight of PT-30 and LECy retained a "wet" glass transition temperature near 270 degrees C. The onset of thermochemical degradation for conetworks was dominated by that of the thermally less stable component, while char yields after the initial degradation step were close to values predicted by a linear rule of mixtures. Values for moisture uptake and density in the conetworks also showed behavior that was not clearly different from a linear rule of mixtures. An analysis of the flexural properties of catalyzed versions of these conetworks revealed that, when cured under the same conditions, conetworks containing 50 wt % PT-30 and 50 wt % LECy exhibited higher modulus than networks containing only LECy while conetworks containing 50 wt % FlexCy and 50 wt % LECy exhibited a lower modulus but significantly higher flexural strength and strain to failure. Thus, in the case of "FlexCy", LECy was copolymerized with a tricyanate that provided both improved toughness and a higher glass transition temperature. C1 [Guenthner, Andrew J.; Swanson, David D.; Yandek, Gregory R.; Mabry, Joseph M.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. [Reams, Josiah T.; Lamison, Kevin R.; Ramirez, Sean M.] ERC Inc, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. [Davis, Matthew C.] Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. [Sahagun, Christopher M.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Natl Res Council, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Guenthner, AJ (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. EM andrew.guenthner@edwards.af.mil FU Office of Naval Research; Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Air Force Research Laboratory; National Research Council Research Associateship Program FX The support of the Office of Naval Research, the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, the Air Force Research Laboratory, and the National Research Council Research Associateship Program (JR) are gratefully acknowledged. NR 63 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD SEP 11 PY 2013 VL 5 IS 17 BP 8772 EP 8783 DI 10.1021/am402640p PG 12 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 294BJ UT WOS:000330017100068 PM 23932017 ER PT J AU Gupta, MK Konig, T Near, R Nepal, D Drummy, LF Biswas, S Naik, S Vaia, RA El-Sayed, MA Tsukruk, VV AF Gupta, Maneesh K. Koenig, Tobias Near, Rachel Nepal, Dhriti Drummy, Lawrence F. Biswas, Sushmita Naik, Swati Vaia, Richard A. El-Sayed, Mostafa A. Tsukruk, Vladimir V. TI Surface Assembly and Plasmonic Properties in Strongly Coupled Segmented Gold Nanorods SO SMALL LA English DT Article DE gold nanorods; plasmon coupling; surface assembly; hyperspectral imaging; templated assembly ID ENHANCED RAMAN-SCATTERING; ON-WIRE LITHOGRAPHY; FANO RESONANCE; BIMETALLIC NANOCOBS; OPTICAL-ABSORPTION; METAL NANOWIRES; NANODISK CODES; ASPECT RATIO; NANOSTRUCTURES; NANOPARTICLES AB An assembly strategy is reported such that segmented nanorods fabricated through template-assisted methods can be robustly transferred and tethered to a pre-functionalized substrate with excellent uniformity over large surface areas. After embedding the rods, sacrificial nickel segments were selectively etched leaving behind strongly coupled segmented gold nanorods with gaps between rods below 40 nm and as small as 2 nm. Hyper-spectral imaging is utilized to measure Rayleigh scattering spectra from individual and coupled nanorod elements in contrast to common bulk measurements. This approach discerns the effects of not only changing segment and gap size but also the presence of characteristic defects on the plasmonic coupling between closely spaced nanorods. Polarized hyper-spectral measurements are conducted to provide direct observation of the anisotropic plasmonic resonance modes in individual and coupled nanorods, which are close to those predicted by computer simulations for nanorods with ideal shapes. Some common deviations from ideal shape such as non-flat facets and asymmetric tails are demonstrated to result in the appearance of characteristic plasmon resonances, which have not been considered before. The large-scale assembly of coupled noble nanostructures with fine control over geometry and high uniformity provides means to strongly tune the scattering, absorption, and near-field plasmonic properties through the geometric arrangement of precisely controlled nanorod segments. C1 [Gupta, Maneesh K.; Koenig, Tobias; Naik, Swati; Tsukruk, Vladimir V.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Near, Rachel; El-Sayed, Mostafa A.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Nepal, Dhriti; Drummy, Lawrence F.; Biswas, Sushmita; Vaia, Richard A.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Tsukruk, VV (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM vladimir@mse.gatech.edu RI Koenig, Tobias/C-3430-2012 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-11-1-0233, FA9550-09-1-0162]; Air Force Research Lab FX We would like to thank for support the FA9550-11-1-0233 and FA9550-09-1-0162 (BIONIC Center) from Air Force Office of Scientific Research and Air Force Research Lab. We acknowledge J. Deneault and Dr. M. Durstock for help in preparation of porous anodic alumina templates. NR 91 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 6 U2 110 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1613-6810 EI 1613-6829 J9 SMALL JI Small PD SEP 9 PY 2013 VL 9 IS 17 BP 2979 EP 2990 DI 10.1002/smll.201300248 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 263NY UT WOS:000327816500018 PM 23495078 ER PT J AU Erneux, T Kovanis, V Gavrielides, A AF Erneux, Thomas Kovanis, Vassilios Gavrielides, Athanasios TI Nonlinear dynamics of an injected quantum cascade laser SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL FEEDBACK; INTENSITY NOISE; STABILITY; DIODE AB The stability properties of an injected quantum cascade laser are investigated analytically on the basis of current estimates of the laser parameters. We show that in addition to stable locking, Hopf bifurcations leading to pulsating intensities are possible. We discuss the stability diagrams in terms of the detuning and the injection rate for different values of the linewidth enhancement factor. The analysis indicates domains of coexistence between two stable steady states (bistability) or between a stable steady state and stable periodic oscillations. All predictions are verified numerically by determining bifurcation diagrams from the laser rate equations. C1 [Erneux, Thomas] Univ Libre Brussels, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. [Kovanis, Vassilios] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Gavrielides, Athanasios] Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Erneux, T (reprint author), Univ Libre Brussels, Campus Plaine,CP 231, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. FU Fond National de la Recherche Scientifique (Belgium); Interuniversity Attraction Poles program of the Belgian Science Policy Office [IAP P7-35]; AFOSR Electromagnetics Portfolio of Dr. Arje Nachman FX T. E. acknowledges the support of the Fond National de la Recherche Scientifique (Belgium). This research was supported by the Interuniversity Attraction Poles program of the Belgian Science Policy Office under Grant No. IAP P7-35. This manuscript has gone via the Public Release process of the U.S. Air Force, PA: 88ABW-2012-4934. V.K. has been supported via the AFOSR Electromagnetics Portfolio of Dr. Arje Nachman. NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD SEP 9 PY 2013 VL 88 IS 3 AR 032907 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.88.032907 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 215TU UT WOS:000324234200010 PM 24125325 ER PT J AU Farmer, BL AF Farmer, Barry L. TI Polymer in aviation: Past, present, and future SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 246th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY SEP 08-12, 2013 CL Indianapolis, IN SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Farmer, Barry L.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM barry.farmer@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 8 PY 2013 VL 246 MA 334-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 288NJ UT WOS:000329618407090 ER PT J AU Finefrock, SW Wang, Y Liang, DX Yang, HR Fergsuson, JB Ward, JV Fang, HY Pfluger, JE Dudis, DS Ruan, XL Wu, Y AF Finefrock, Scott W. Wang, Yan Liang, Daxin Yang, Haoran Fergsuson, John B. Ward, James V. Fang, Haiyu Pfluger, Jonathan E. Dudis, Douglas S. Ruan, Xiulin Wu, Yue TI PbTe nanocrystal coated glass fiber for thermoelectric energy harvesting SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 246th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY SEP 08-12, 2013 CL Indianapolis, IN SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Finefrock, Scott W.; Yang, Haoran; Ward, James V.; Fang, Haiyu; Pfluger, Jonathan E.; Wu, Yue] Purdue Univ, Dept Chem Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Wang, Yan; Ruan, Xiulin] Purdue Univ, Dept Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Liang, Daxin] Jilin Univ, Coll Chem, Changchun 130023, Jilin, Peoples R China. [Fergsuson, John B.; Dudis, Douglas S.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM sfinefro@purdue.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 8 PY 2013 VL 246 MA 309-ENFL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 288NJ UT WOS:000329618403259 ER PT J AU Heinz, H Lin, TJ Emami, FS Perry, CC Mirau, PA Naik, R Patwardhan, SV AF Heinz, Hendrik Lin, Tzu-Jen Emami, Fateme Sadat Perry, Carole C. Mirau, Peter A. Naik, Rajesh Patwardhan, Siddharth V. TI Understanding nanoscale pH-responsive interfaces of hydroxyapatite and silica for selective interactions with peptides and drug molecules SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 246th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY SEP 08-12, 2013 CL Indianapolis, IN SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Heinz, Hendrik; Lin, Tzu-Jen; Emami, Fateme Sadat] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Perry, Carole C.] Nottingham Trent Univ, Dept Chem, Nottingham, England. [Mirau, Peter A.; Naik, Rajesh] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Patwardhan, Siddharth V.] Univ Strathclyde, Dept Chem & Proc Engr, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. EM hendrik.heinz@uakron.edu RI Lin, Tzu-Jen/J-3468-2014; Patwardhan, Siddharth/B-5037-2009; Heinz, Hendrik/E-3866-2010 OI Patwardhan, Siddharth/0000-0002-4958-8840; Heinz, Hendrik/0000-0002-6776-7404 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 8 PY 2013 VL 246 MA 484-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 288NJ UT WOS:000329618402492 ER PT J AU Lloyd, EM Guliants, EA Bunker, CE Jelliss, PA Buckner, SW Thomas, BJ Patel, A AF Lloyd, Evan M. Guliants, Elena A. Bunker, Christopher E. Jelliss, Paul A. Buckner, Steven W. Thomas, Brandon J. Patel, Ashish TI Nanoparticle capping and passivation structures built from alkynes SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 246th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY SEP 08-12, 2013 CL Indianapolis, IN SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Lloyd, Evan M.; Jelliss, Paul A.; Buckner, Steven W.; Thomas, Brandon J.; Patel, Ashish] St Louis Univ, Dept Chem, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. [Guliants, Elena A.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dept Eletr & Comp Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Bunker, Christopher E.] Air Force Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM elloyd2@slu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 8 PY 2013 VL 246 MA 604-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 288NJ UT WOS:000329618404619 ER PT J AU Lund, BR Dei, D Yagneswaran, S Campos, R Batchelor, B Wu, JB Verma, R Sharma, B Baur, C Mahmood, SF Aghyarian, S Iacono, ST Smith, DW AF Lund, Benjamin R. Dei, Daniel Yagneswaran, Sriram Campos, Raymond Batchelor, Ben Wu, Jingbo Verma, Rajneesh Sharma, Babloo Baur, Cary Mahmood, Samsuddin F. Aghyarian, Shant Iacono, Scott T. Smith, Dennis W., Jr. TI Step-growth polymerization of fluoro-olefins and tetraynes toward high performace cyclopolmers: A Gator tradition! SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 246th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY SEP 08-12, 2013 CL Indianapolis, IN SP Amer Chem Soc ID ETHER POLYMERS C1 [Lund, Benjamin R.; Dei, Daniel; Yagneswaran, Sriram; Campos, Raymond; Batchelor, Ben; Wu, Jingbo; Verma, Rajneesh; Sharma, Babloo; Baur, Cary; Mahmood, Samsuddin F.; Aghyarian, Shant; Smith, Dennis W., Jr.] Univ Texas Dallas, Dept Chem, Richardson, TX 75080 USA. [Lund, Benjamin R.; Dei, Daniel; Yagneswaran, Sriram; Campos, Raymond; Batchelor, Ben; Wu, Jingbo; Verma, Rajneesh; Sharma, Babloo; Baur, Cary; Mahmood, Samsuddin F.; Aghyarian, Shant; Smith, Dennis W., Jr.] Univ Texas Dallas, Alan G MacDiarmid Nanotech Inst, Richardson, TX 75080 USA. [Aghyarian, Shant; Smith, Dennis W., Jr.] Univ Texas Dallas, Dept Biomed Engn, Richardson, TX 75080 USA. [Iacono, Scott T.] US Air Force Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Smith, Dennis W., Jr.] Univ Texas Dallas, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Richardson, TX 75080 USA. EM dwsmith@utdallas.edu NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 8 PY 2013 VL 246 MA 116-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 288NJ UT WOS:000329618406771 ER PT J AU Moller, JC Barr, SA Breitzman, TD Berry, RJ AF Moller, James C. Barr, Stephen A. Breitzman, Timothy D. Berry, Rajiv J. TI Simulation of bond scission and viscoplastic flow in thermoset polymer fracture SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 246th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY SEP 08-12, 2013 CL Indianapolis, IN SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Moller, James C.; Barr, Stephen A.; Breitzman, Timothy D.; Berry, Rajiv J.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Moller, James C.] Miami Univ, Dept Mech & Mfg Engn, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. [Moller, James C.; Barr, Stephen A.] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM mollerjc@miamioh.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 8 PY 2013 VL 246 MA 302-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 288NJ UT WOS:000329618407059 ER PT J AU Naik, R AF Naik, Rajesh TI Understanding and exploiting biomolecular behavior on graphene surfaces SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 246th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY SEP 08-12, 2013 CL Indianapolis, IN SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Naik, Rajesh] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. EM rajesh.naik@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 8 PY 2013 VL 246 MA 29-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 288NJ UT WOS:000329618402070 ER PT J AU Shurdha, E Balaich, GJ He, HS AF Shurdha, Endrit Balaich, Gary J. He, Hongshan TI Preparation, characterization, and optical studies of highly conjugated fulvene donor-p-acceptor chromophores SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 246th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY SEP 08-12, 2013 CL Indianapolis, IN SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Shurdha, Endrit; Balaich, Gary J.] US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [He, Hongshan] S Dakota State Univ, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [He, Hongshan] S Dakota State Univ, Inst Adv Photovolta, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM endrit.shurdha.ctr@usafa.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 8 PY 2013 VL 246 MA 533-ORGN PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 288NJ UT WOS:000329618405631 ER PT J AU Tan, LS Wang, DH Koerner, H Vaia, RA AF Tan, Loon-Seng Wang, David H. Koerner, Hilmar Vaia, Richard A. TI Chemical origin of shape-memory effect in CP2 polyimide SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 246th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY SEP 08-12, 2013 CL Indianapolis, IN SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Tan, Loon-Seng; Wang, David H.; Koerner, Hilmar; Vaia, Richard A.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Wang, David H.; Koerner, Hilmar] Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM loon-tan@us.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 8 PY 2013 VL 246 MA 135-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 288NJ UT WOS:000329618406790 ER PT J AU Treufeld, I Wang, DH Tan, LS Zhu, L AF Treufeld, Imre Wang, David H. Tan, Loon-Seng Zhu, Lei TI Polar polyimides for high energy density dielectric capacitor films SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 246th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY SEP 08-12, 2013 CL Indianapolis, IN SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Treufeld, Imre; Zhu, Lei] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Macromol Sci & Engn, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Wang, David H.; Tan, Loon-Seng] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Chem, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Wang, David H.; Tan, Loon-Seng] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Wang, David H.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM ixt31@case.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 8 PY 2013 VL 246 MA 217-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 288NJ UT WOS:000329618406570 ER PT J AU Vernon, JP Zhao, AD Lynch, BM Tondiglia, VP White, TJ Tabiryan, NV Bunning, TJ AF Vernon, Jonathan P. Zhao, Aaron D. Lynch, Brandon M. Tondiglia, Vincent P. White, Timothy J. Tabiryan, Nelson V. Bunning, Timothy J. TI Self-regulated and infrared-stimulated control of light transmission through cholesteric liquid crystals SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 246th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY SEP 08-12, 2013 CL Indianapolis, IN SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Vernon, Jonathan P.; Zhao, Aaron D.; Lynch, Brandon M.; Tondiglia, Vincent P.; White, Timothy J.; Bunning, Timothy J.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Zhao, Aaron D.] Azimuth Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Lynch, Brandon M.] SOCHE, Dayton, OH 45420 USA. [Tondiglia, Vincent P.] SAIC Inc, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Tabiryan, Nelson V.] Beam Co, Winter Pk, FL 32789 USA. EM jonathan.vernon@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 8 PY 2013 VL 246 MA 124-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 288NJ UT WOS:000329618402158 ER PT J AU Wang, DH Wie, JJ Lee, KM White, TJ Tan, LS AF Wang, David H. Wie, Jeong Jae Lee, Kyung Min White, Timothy J. Tan, Loon-Seng TI Photomechanical responses of high Tg, main-chain-azobenzene-containing polyimides SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 246th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY SEP 08-12, 2013 CL Indianapolis, IN SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Wang, David H.; Wie, Jeong Jae; Lee, Kyung Min; White, Timothy J.; Tan, Loon-Seng] US Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Wang, David H.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Wie, Jeong Jae; Lee, Kyung Min] Azimuth, Dayton, OH 43432 USA. EM huabin.wang@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 8 PY 2013 VL 246 MA 320-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 288NJ UT WOS:000329618407076 ER PT J AU White, TJ McConney, ME Wie, JJ Lee, KM Tondiglia, VP AF White, Timothy J. McConney, Michael E. Wie, Jeong Jae Lee, Kyung Min Tondiglia, Vincent P. TI Stimuli-responsive, shape and surface morphing in liquid crystal polymer networks SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 246th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY SEP 08-12, 2013 CL Indianapolis, IN SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [White, Timothy J.; McConney, Michael E.; Wie, Jeong Jae; Lee, Kyung Min; Tondiglia, Vincent P.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [McConney, Michael E.; Wie, Jeong Jae; Lee, Kyung Min] Azimuth Corp, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Tondiglia, Vincent P.] SAIC, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM timothy.white2@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 8 PY 2013 VL 246 MA 355-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 288NJ UT WOS:000329618407109 ER PT J AU Yamada, T Phelps, DK van Duin, ACT AF Yamada, Takahiro Phelps, Donald K. van Duin, Adri C. T. TI First Principle and ReaxFF Molecular Dynamics Investigations of Formaldehyde Dissociation on Fe(100) Surface SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE formaldehyde; iron surface; density functional theory; Vienna ab initio simulation package; molecular dynamics; ReaxFF; transition state theory; surface reaction; density of state ID REACTIVE FORCE-FIELD; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; SULFUR MODIFIED FE(100); AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; AB-INITIO; BASIS-SET; OXYGEN-ADSORPTION; LEED-AES; FE 100; CO AB Detailed formaldehyde adsorption and dissociation reactions on Fe(100) surface were studied using first principle calculations and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and results were compared with available experimental data. The study includes formaldehyde, formyl radical (HCO), and CO adsorption and dissociation energy calculations on the surface, adsorbate vibrational frequency calculations, density of states analysis of clean and adsorbed surfaces, complete potential energy diagram construction from formaldehyde to atomic carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O), simulation of formaldehyde adsorption and dissociation reaction on the surface using reactive force field, ReaxFF MD, and reaction rate calculations of adsorbates using transition state theory (TST). Formaldehyde and HCO were adsorbed most strongly at the hollow (fourfold) site. Adsorption energies ranged from -22.9 to -33.9 kcal/mol for formaldehyde, and from -44.3 to -66.3 kcal/mol for HCO, depending on adsorption sites and molecular direction. The dissociation energies were investigated for the dissociation paths: formaldehyde HCO+H, HCO H+CO, and CO C+O, and the calculated energies were 11.0, 4.1, and 26.3 kcal/mol, respectively. ReaxFF MD simulation results were compared with experimental surface analysis using high resolution electron energy loss spectrometry (HREELS) and TST based reaction rates. ReaxFF simulation showed less reactivity than HREELS observation at 310 and 523 K. ReaxFF simulation showed more reactivity than the TST based rate for formaldehyde dissociation and less reactivity than TST based rate for HCO dissociation at 523 K. TST-based rates are consistent with HREELS observation. (c) 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Yamada, Takahiro] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Div Energy & Environm, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Phelps, Donald K.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [van Duin, Adri C. T.] Penn State Univ, Dept Mech & Nucl Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Yamada, T (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Div Energy & Environm, 300 Coll Pk KL102, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM takahiro.yamada@udri.udayton.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory [F33615-03-2-2347] FX Contract grant sponsor: Air Force Research Laboratory; Contract grant number: F33615-03-2-2347 NR 67 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 61 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0192-8651 EI 1096-987X J9 J COMPUT CHEM JI J. Comput. Chem. PD SEP 5 PY 2013 VL 34 IS 23 BP 1982 EP 1996 DI 10.1002/jcc.23320 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 283DI UT WOS:000329225000003 PM 23804527 ER PT J AU Brown, GD AF Brown, Gary D. TI THE FOURTEENTH ANNUAL SOMMERFELD LECTURE THE WRONG QUESTIONS ABOUT CYBERSPACE SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Article C1 [Brown, Gary D.] US Air Force, Washington, DC USA. [Brown, Gary D.] Royal Air Force, Crouhton, England. [Brown, Gary D.] Prince Sultan Air Base, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia. [Brown, Gary D.] Red Cross, Washington Delegat Int Comm, Washington, DC USA. NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 USA SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PD FAL PY 2013 VL 217 BP 214 EP 233 PG 20 WC Law SC Government & Law GA AC2QO UT WOS:000332349200008 ER PT J AU Bisek, NJ Gosse, R Poggie, J AF Bisek, Nicholas J. Gosse, Ryan Poggie, Jonathan TI Computational Study of Impregnated Ablator for Improved Magnetohydrodynamic Heat Shield SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd AIAA Plasmadynamics and Lasers Conference CY JUN 27-30, 2011 CL Honolulu, HI SP AIAA ID HYPERSONIC FLOW; BLUNT-BODY; MAGNETIC-FIELD; PLASMA ACTUATORS; STAGNATION-POINT; MITIGATION; VALIDATION AB A dipole magnet was used to locally reduce surface heating on a fin that extended from a blunt elliptic cone geometry traveling in air at hypersonic speeds. The concept relies on magnetohydrodynamics to generate a force in the weakly ionized postshock air, which decelerates the incoming flow. A three-dimensional, compressible, thermochemical nonequilibrium, fluid code was loosely coupled to a magnetohydrodynamics module to compute the resultant flowfield, which included the electric field. The results showed that the resultant electric field had a minor contributor to the current and consequently to the magnetic body force. In the baseline scenario, the applied magnet was ineffective at perturbing the local shock due to the unseeded flow's level of electrical conductivity. A potassium-infused ablator was incorporated into the vehicle's nose to improve the flow's low electrical conductivity and protect the geometry from the high thermal loads experienced at the stagnation point. A one-dimensional equilibrium material response code was developed and used to model the ablative surface. The seed particles introduced into the fluid domain substantially increased the electrical conductivity of the flow. The resultant magnetic body force moved the triple point up the fin face, which changed the local surface properties to an extent that could be measured in flight. C1 [Bisek, Nicholas J.; Poggie, Jonathan] US Air Force, Res Lab, AFRL RQHF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Gosse, Ryan] US Air Force, Res Lab, AFRL RQHV, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Bisek, NJ (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, AFRL RQHF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 61 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 EI 1533-6794 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD SEP-OCT PY 2013 VL 50 IS 5 BP 927 EP 936 DI 10.2514/1.A32357 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA AA8VP UT WOS:000331373400002 ER PT J AU Hughes, RL Collins, KA Sullivan, KE AF Hughes, Rhome L. Collins, Kim A. Sullivan, Karen E. TI A Case of Fatal Iliac Vein Rupture Associated With May-Thurner Syndrome SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FORENSIC MEDICINE AND PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE May-Thurner syndrome; spontaneous vein rupture; deep vein thrombosis AB May-Thurner syndrome results from long-standing compression of the left common iliac vein (LCIV) and is characterized by the formation of intraluminal spurs leading to obstruction of blood flow and deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Increased intraluminal pressures may occur as a consequence of venous obstruction, which when coupled with other factors thought to further weaken venous wall integrity (ie, inflammation or hormonal imbalances) may produce spontaneous (nontraumatic) and potential lethal venous rupture. We report a case of DVT in a woman with previously undiagnosed May-Thurner syndrome and heterozygosity for factor V Leiden mutation on exogenous hormone therapy, with subsequent spontaneous rupture of the LCIV leading to fatal hemoperitoneum. Autopsy revealed fibrous obliteration of the junction between the LCIV and inferior vena cava with associated DVT, transmural venous rupture, and thrombophlebitis. C1 [Hughes, Rhome L.] Armed Forces Med Examiner Syst, San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. [Collins, Kim A.; Sullivan, Karen E.] Fulton Cty Med Examiners Off, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hughes, RL (reprint author), Wilford Hall Ambulatory Surg Ctr, Dept Pathol, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM rhomehughes@gmail.com NR 5 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-7910 EI 1533-404X J9 AM J FOREN MED PATH JI Am. J. Forensic Med. Pathol. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 34 IS 3 BP 222 EP 224 DI 10.1097/PAF.0b013e31829f6753 PG 3 WC Medicine, Legal; Pathology SC Legal Medicine; Pathology GA 298VL UT WOS:000330352500010 PM 23883866 ER PT J AU Bhat, SS Narayanan, RM Rangaswamy, M AF Bhat, Surendra S. Narayanan, Ram M. Rangaswamy, Muralidhar TI Bandwidth Sharing and Scan Scheduling in Multimodal Radar with Communications and Tracking SO IETE JOURNAL OF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Bandwidth optimization; Multi-functional radio frequency systems; Particle filter; Radar scheduling; Task priority ID MULTIFUNCTION RADAR; SURVEILLANCE; ALGORITHMS AB This paper addresses two issues related to multi-functional radio frequency (RF) systems: Bandwidth sharing between radar surveillance and communications, and scan scheduling during radar surveillance and radar tracking. Bandwidth is a very scarce commodity which must be managed with diligence for optimal system performance. Multi-objective optimization is used to arrive at solutions making the best use of available bandwidth between radar and communications. Bandwidth allocation for radar is based on the need to unambiguously resolve various scattering features of the target and their spatial arrangement. We divide the surveillance space into angular sectors and use fuzzy logic to arrive at priorities for each sector. We also consider the problem of scan scheduling between tracking and surveillance modes for the multimodal radar and introduce the concept of partial passes to increase the number of visits for tracking sectors. Static radar scheduling methods are used for specific target scenarios, while dynamic radar scheduling is introduced to periodically adapt the algorithm to the current target scenario. The algorithms are applied for representative target scenarios. Tracking is performed using the particle filter algorithm. The scheduling algorithms are analyzed using key performance parameters. C1 [Bhat, Surendra S.; Narayanan, Ram M.] Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Rangaswamy, Muralidhar] AFRL RYAP, Air Force Res Lab, Radio Frequency Exploitat Technol Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Bhat, SS (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM surendrasbhat@gmail.com; ram@engr.psu.edu; muralidhar.rangaswamy@us.af.mil FU AFRL [FA8650-08-D-1303, LB001740] FX This work was supported by AFRL Prime Contract # FA8650-08-D-1303 through Dynetics Purchase Order # LB001740. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU MEDKNOW PUBLICATIONS & MEDIA PVT LTD PI MUMBAI PA B-9, KANARA BUSINESS CENTRE, OFF LINK RD, GHAKTOPAR-E, MUMBAI, 400075, INDIA SN 0377-2063 J9 IETE J RES JI IETE J. Res. PD SEP-OCT PY 2013 VL 59 IS 5 BP 551 EP 562 DI 10.4103/0377-2063.123761 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 295QU UT WOS:000330131400013 ER PT J AU Lammers, MO Castellote, M Small, RJ Atkinson, S Jenniges, J Rosinski, A Oswald, JN Garner, C AF Lammers, Marc O. Castellote, Manuel Small, Robert J. Atkinson, Shannon Jenniges, Justin Rosinski, Anne Oswald, Julie N. Garner, Chris TI Passive acoustic monitoring of Cook Inlet beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID KILLER WHALES; ORCINUS-ORCA; ECHOLOCATION SIGNALS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; VANCOUVER-ISLAND; WHITE WHALES; VOCALIZATIONS; REPERTOIRE; BEHAVIOR; ESTUARY AB The endangered beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas) population in Cook Inlet, AK faces threats from a variety of anthropogenic factors, including coastal development, oil and gas exploration, vessel traffic, and military activities. To address existing gaps in understanding about the occurrence of belugas in Cook Inlet, a project was developed to use passive acoustic monitoring to document the year-round distribution of belugas, as well as killer whales (Orcinus orca), which prey on belugas. Beginning in June 2009, ten moorings were deployed throughout the Inlet and refurbished every two to eight months. Despite challenging conditions consisting of strong tidal currents carrying debris and seasonal ice cover, 83% of mooring deployments were successfully recovered. Noise from water flow, vessel traffic, and/or industrial activities was present at several sites, potentially masking some signals. However, belugas were successfully detected at multiple locations. Detections were relatively common in the upper inlet and less common or absent at middle and lower inlet locations. Killer whale signals were also recorded. Some seasonal variability in the occurrence of both belugas and killer whales was evident. (C) 2013 Acoustical Society of America. C1 [Lammers, Marc O.] Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. [Castellote, Manuel] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Small, Robert J.; Jenniges, Justin] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Juneau, AK 99811 USA. [Atkinson, Shannon] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Rosinski, Anne] Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. [Garner, Chris] BioWaves Inc, Encinitas, CA 92024 USA. [Garner, Chris] US Air Force, Joint Base Elmendorf Ric, AK 99506 USA. RP Lammers, MO (reprint author), Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, 46-007 Lilipuna Rd, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. EM lammers@hawaii.edu FU NOAA Fisheries Grant [NA07NMF4390364] FX We are grateful to Sean Wiggins who created Triton and Lisa Munger who adapted it for EAR data analysis. Jennifer Ewald and David Lee provided technical assistance on mooring design, and Dave McKay and Bill Choate assisted with the deployment of moorings. Funding for this research was provided by NOAA Fisheries Grant No. NA07NMF4390364. NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 27 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 134 IS 3 BP 2497 EP 2504 DI 10.1121/1.4816575 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 294LG UT WOS:000330047000075 PM 23968047 ER PT J AU Senkov, ON Zhang, F Miller, JD AF Senkov, Oleg N. Zhang, Fan Miller, Jonathan D. TI Phase Composition of a CrMo0.5NbTa0.5TiZr High Entropy Alloy: Comparison of Experimental and Simulated Data SO ENTROPY LA English DT Article DE refractory high entropy alloy; microstructure and phase analysis; CALPHAD ID REFRACTORY NBCRMO0.5TA0.5TIZR ALLOY; MICROSTRUCTURE; BEHAVIOR AB Microstructure and phase composition of a CrMo0.5NbTa0.5TiZr high entropy alloy were studied in the as-solidified and heat treated conditions. In the as-solidified condition, the alloy consisted of two disordered BCC phases and an ordered cubic Laves phase. The BCC1 phase solidified in the form of dendrites enriched with Mo, Ta and Nb, and its volume fraction was 42%. The BCC2 and Laves phases solidified by the eutectic-type reaction, and their volume fractions were 27% and 31%, respectively. The BCC2 phase was enriched with Ti and Zr and the Laves phase was heavily enriched with Cr. After hot isostatic pressing at 1450 degrees C for 3 h, the BCC1 dendrites coagulated into round-shaped particles and their volume fraction increased to 67%. The volume fractions of the BCC2 and Laves phases decreased to 16% and 17%, respectively. After subsequent annealing at 1000 degrees C for 100 h, submicron-sized Laves particles precipitated inside the BCC1 phase, and the alloy consisted of 52% BCC1, 16% BCC2 and 32% Laves phases. Solidification and phase equilibrium simulations were conducted for the CrMo0.5NbTa0.5TiZr alloy using a thermodynamic database developed by CompuTherm LLC. Some discrepancies were found between the calculated and experimental results and the reasons for these discrepancies were discussed. C1 [Senkov, Oleg N.; Miller, Jonathan D.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Zhang, Fan] CompuTherm LLC, Madison, WI 53719 USA. RP Senkov, ON (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM oleg.senkov@wpafb.af.mil; fan.zhang@computherm.com; jonathan.miller@wpafb.af.mil OI Senkov, Oleg/0000-0001-5587-415X FU Air Force [FA8650-10-D-5226] FX Discussions with D. Dimiduk, D. Miracle, J. Tiley, C. Woodward are recognized. Financial support through the Air Force contract No. FA8650-10-D-5226 is appreciated. NR 17 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 7 U2 52 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1099-4300 J9 ENTROPY-SWITZ JI Entropy PD SEP PY 2013 VL 15 IS 9 BP 3796 EP 3809 DI 10.3390/e15093796 PG 14 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 272LU UT WOS:000328463000025 ER PT J AU Mudaliar, S AF Mudaliar, Saba TI Remote sensing of layered random media using the radiative transfer theory SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE random media; radiative transfer; statistical wave theory; rough interfaces; remote sensing ID DISCRETE RANDOM-MEDIA; SCATTERING; RADIOMETRY; COHERENCE; MODEL; BACKSCATTERING; PARTICLES; INTERFACE; PARADIGM; SURFACES AB The radiative transfer (RT) approach is widely used in remote sensing applications. Although this approach involves approximations, they are often not explicitly stated or explained. The RT approach for random media with nonscattering boundaries has been well studied, and the underlying assumptions are clearly documented. In contrast, our problem has scattering boundaries which are randomly rough. In order to better understand the RT approach to our problem, we adopt a statistical wave approach for modeling multiple scattering in the combined problem of random media and rough surfaces. The geometry of our problem consists of a multilayer discrete random medium with rough boundaries which are planar on the average. The statistical characteristics of the random medium in each layer are independent of each other and independent of the statistics describing the rough interfaces. Using the Green's functions of the problem without the volumetric fluctuations, we represent our problem as a system of integral equations. Employing the T-matrix description, we first average with respect to volumetric fluctuations to obtain a system of integral equations. We next average with respect to surface fluctuations, apply the weak surface correlation approximation, and arrive at a closed system of integral equations for the first and second moments of the electric fields. We use the Wigner transforms to relate the coherence functions to radiant intensities. On applying the quasi-uniform field approximation, we hence arrive at a system of equations identical to those used in the RT approach. In this process, we find that there are more conditions involved in the RT approach to our problem than widely believed to be sufficient. The important additional conditions are the following: (a) the thickness of layers are larger than the mean free path of the layer medium, and (b) the character of interface roughness is such that weak surface correlation approximation is applicable. C1 [Mudaliar, Saba] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Mudaliar, S (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, 2241 Avion Circle, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM saba.mudaliar@wpafb.af.mil FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The author thanks the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research for support. NR 54 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 EI 1944-799X J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 48 IS 5 BP 535 EP 546 DI 10.1002/rds.20052 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 252RW UT WOS:000327028500007 ER PT J AU Chen, BX Zhang, WF Zhou, XH Huang, X Zhao, XM Wang, HT Liu, M Lu, YL Yang, SF AF Chen, Boxue Zhang, Wenfeng Zhou, Xinghao Huang, Xiao Zhao, Xuemei Wang, Haitao Liu, Min Lu, Yalin Yang, Shangfeng TI Surface plasmon enhancement of polymer solar cells by penetrating Au/SiO2 core/shell nanoparticles into all organic layers SO NANO ENERGY LA English DT Article DE Polymer solar cells; Gold nanoparticles; Core/shell structure; Surface plasmon; Power conversion efficiency ID CATHODE BUFFER LAYER; HIGH-EFFICIENCY; DIELECTRIC ENVIRONMENT; PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS; AU NANOPARTICLES; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; BROAD-BAND; DONOR; POLYTHIOPHENE; MORPHOLOGY AB We report the incorporation of Au@SiO2 core/shell nanoparticles (NPs) into bulk heterojunction polymer solar cell (BHJ-PSC) devices, leading to an obvious efficiency enhancement due to the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect. The Au@SiO2 core/shell NPs comprise of large Au NPs with an approximate size of 70 nm coated by a similar to 50 nnn thick SiO2 shell. Such NPs were doped into the poly-(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) layer of P3HT:PCBM BHJ-PSCs, resulting in that the large NPs penetrate into all organic layers including the PEDOT:PSS buffer layer and P3HT:PCBM active layer, and are partially embedded in the Al cathode layer. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the P3HT:PCBM BHJ-PSC devices incorporated with Au@SiO2 NPs increased from 3.29% to 3.80%, and such a similar to 16% efficiency enhancement can be primarily attributed to the light absorption enhancement, originating from the LSPR effect induced by Au NPs as confirmed by the UV-vis absorption spectrocopic study. Contrarily, the analogous P3HT:PCBM BHJ-PSC devices incorporated with bare Au NPs exhibited a lower efficiency enhancement, indicating that the coating of dielectric SiO2 shell is beneficial for the LSPR effect. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Chen, Boxue; Zhang, Wenfeng; Zhou, Xinghao; Huang, Xiao; Zhao, Xuemei; Wang, Haitao; Liu, Min; Lu, Yalin; Yang, Shangfeng] USTC, Hefei Natl Lab Phys Sci Microscale, CAS Key Lab Mat Energy Convers, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Chen, Boxue; Zhang, Wenfeng; Zhou, Xinghao; Huang, Xiao; Zhao, Xuemei; Wang, Haitao; Liu, Min; Lu, Yalin; Yang, Shangfeng] USTC, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Lu, Yalin] US Air Force Acad, Dept Phys, Laser Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Lu, YL (reprint author), USTC, Hefei Natl Lab Phys Sci Microscale, CAS Key Lab Mat Energy Convers, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. EM yllu@ustc.edu.cn; sfyang@ustc.edu.cn RI Yang, Shangfeng/C-4527-2008 OI Yang, Shangfeng/0000-0002-6931-9613 FU National Basic Research Program of China [2010CB923300, 2011CB921400, 2012CB922001]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [21132007, J1030412]; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [WK2060140005] FX This work was partially supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2010CB923300, 2011CB921400 (to S.Y.) and 2012CB922001 (to M.L. and Y.L.)), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21132007 and J1030412), "100 Talents Program of CAS" from Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (WK2060140005). NR 61 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 6 U2 123 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 2211-2855 EI 2211-3282 J9 NANO ENERGY JI Nano Energy PD SEP PY 2013 VL 2 IS 5 BP 906 EP 915 DI 10.1016/j.nanoen.2013.03.011 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 240YS UT WOS:000326134200038 ER PT J AU Lan, YC Lu, YL Ren, ZF AF Lan, Yucheng Lu, Yalin Ren, Zhifeng TI Mini review on photocatalysis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles and their solar applications SO NANO ENERGY LA English DT Review DE Photocatalyst; Titanium oxide; Review; Mechanism; Application ID TIO2 THIN-FILMS; SURFACE WETTABILITY CONVERSION; IRON TITANATE FILMS; HIGH-PRESSURE PHASE; VISIBLE-LIGHT; NANOCRYSTALLINE TIO2; AQUEOUS SUSPENSIONS; PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; HETEROGENEOUS PHOTOCATALYSIS; SEMICONDUCTOR PHOTOCATALYSIS AB Titanium dioxide is a wide band-gap semiconductor that can be excited to produce electron-hole pairs when irradiated with light. Such photo-induced electron-hole pairs have been utilized to generate electricity in solar cells, to split water into hydrogen and oxygen, to oxidize and degrade inorganic/organic/biological compounds in environments as well as to create superhydrophilicity. The wide solar applications and mechanisms of these photo-induced reactions are briefly reviewed in this mini review. This review would assist the readers to obtain an overview of this exciting and promising field. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lan, Yucheng; Ren, Zhifeng] Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Lan, Yucheng; Ren, Zhifeng] Univ Houston, Texas Ctr Superconduct, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Lu, Yalin] US Air Force Acad, Laser Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Lu, Yalin] Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei Natl Lab Phys Sci Microscale, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. RP Ren, ZF (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. EM zren@uh.edu RI Ren, Zhifeng/B-4275-2014; Lan, Yucheng/F-9501-2011 OI Lan, Yucheng/0000-0002-6737-4168 FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency [HDTRA1-10-1-0001, HDTRA122221] FX The work is financially supported by Defense Threat Reduction Agency under grants HDTRA1-10-1-0001 and HDTRA122221. NR 145 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 16 U2 291 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 2211-2855 J9 NANO ENERGY JI Nano Energy PD SEP PY 2013 VL 2 IS 5 BP 1031 EP 1045 DI 10.1016/j.nanoen.2013.04.002 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 240YS UT WOS:000326134200053 ER PT J AU Beck, JA Brown, JM Slater, JC Cross, CJ AF Beck, Joseph A. Brown, Jeffrey M. Slater, Joseph C. Cross, Charles J. TI Probabilistic Mistuning Assessment Using Nominal and Geometry Based Mistuning Methods SO JOURNAL OF TURBOMACHINERY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID ORDER MODELING TECHNIQUES; BLADED DISK ASSEMBLIES; FORCED RESPONSE; DYNAMIC-RESPONSE; PART II; STATISTICS; VIBRATIONS; ROTOR; IDENTIFICATION AB Two deterministic mistuning models utilizing component mode synthesis methods are used in a Monte Carlo simulation to generate mistuned response distributions for a geometrically perturbed integrally bladed rotor. The first method, a frequency-perturbation approach with a nominal mode approximation used widely in academia and industry, assumes airfoil geometric perturbations alter only the corresponding modal stiffnesses while its mode shapes remain unaffected. The mistuned response is then predicted by a summation of the nominal modes. The second method, a geometric method utilizing non-nominal modes, makes no simplifying assumptions of the dynamic response due to airfoil geometric perturbations, but requires recalculation of each airfoil eigen-problem. A comparison of the statistical moments of the mistuned response distributions and prediction error is given for three different frequency ranges and engine order excitations. Further, the response distributions are used for a variety of design and testing scenarios to highlight impacts of the frequency-based approach inaccuracy. Results indicate the frequency-based method typically provides conservative response levels. C1 [Beck, Joseph A.; Brown, Jeffrey M.; Cross, Charles J.] Air Force Res Lab, Turbine Engine Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Slater, Joseph C.] Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Beck, JA (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Turbine Engine Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Joseph.Beck@wpafb.af.mil; Jeffrey.Brown@wpafb.af.mil; Joseph.Slater@wright.edu; Charles.Cross@wpafb.af.mil OI Slater, Joseph/0000-0002-1923-9279 NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 12 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0889-504X EI 1528-8900 J9 J TURBOMACH JI J. Turbomach.-Trans. ASME PD SEP PY 2013 VL 135 IS 5 AR 051004 DI 10.1115/1.4023103 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 239KO UT WOS:000326022600004 ER PT J AU Lyall, ME King, PI Sondergaard, R AF Lyall, M. Eric King, Paul I. Sondergaard, Rolf TI Endwall Loss and Mixing Analysis of a High Lift Low Pressure Turbine Cascade SO JOURNAL OF TURBOMACHINERY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY FLOWS; BOUNDARY-LAYER; DOWNSTREAM; PROBES AB A high lift low pressure turbine (LPT) profile designated L2A is used as a test bed for studying the origin of endwall mixing loss and the role of vortical structures in loss development. It is shown analytically and experimentally that the mixing forces within the endwall wake can be decoupled into either mean flow or turbulent forces and can be further classified as either reversible or irreversible. Among the irreversible forces, mean flow shear is negligible compared to turbulent shear, suggesting that turbulence dissipation is the dominant cause of loss generation. As a result, the mean flow components of the vortical structures do not generate significant mixing losses. Rather than mixing effects, the mean flow of the vortices causes the suction surface boundary layer to separate inside the passage, thereby generating the large low energy regions typical of endwall flows. Losses are generated as the low energy regions mix out. This vortex separation effect is demonstrated with an experiment using a profile fence and pressure surface modification near the endwall. The findings in this paper suggest that profile modifications near the endwall that suppress flow separation may provide loss reductions additive to modifications aimed at weakening vortical structures, such as endwall contouring. C1 [Lyall, M. Eric; Sondergaard, Rolf] Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [King, Paul I.] Air Force Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lyall, ME (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, 1950 5th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM michael.lyall@wpafb.af.mil; paul.king@afit.edu; rolf.sondergaard@wpafb.af.mil NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 7 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0889-504X EI 1528-8900 J9 J TURBOMACH JI J. Turbomach.-Trans. ASME PD SEP PY 2013 VL 135 IS 5 AR 051006 DI 10.1115/1.4007801 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 239KO UT WOS:000326022600006 ER PT J AU Covey, CJ Mulder, MD AF Covey, Carlton J. Mulder, Mark D. TI Plantar fasciitis: How best to treat? SO JOURNAL OF FAMILY PRACTICE LA English DT Article ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; HEEL PAIN; INITIAL TREATMENT; FOOT ORTHOSES; RICH PLASMA; DIAGNOSIS; THERAPY; CUSTOM C1 [Covey, Carlton J.; Mulder, Mark D.] Nellis Family Med Residency, Nellis AFB, NV USA. [Covey, Carlton J.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Family Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Covey, CJ (reprint author), Nellis Family Med Residency, 99MDOS SGOF,4700 Las Vegas Blvd N, Las Vegas, NV 89191 USA. EM carlton.covey@nellis.af.mil NR 31 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 18 PU DOWDEN HEALTH MEDIA PI MONTVALE PA 110 SUMMIT AVE, MONTVALE, NJ 07645-1712 USA SN 0094-3509 J9 J FAM PRACTICE JI J. Fam. Pract. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 62 IS 9 BP 466 EP 471 PG 6 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 236LY UT WOS:000325799700009 PM 24080555 ER PT J AU Mishin, EV AF Mishin, Evgeny V. TI Interaction of substorm injections with the subauroral geospace: 1. Multispacecraft observations of SAID SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE SAID:plasmaspheric short circuit of substorm injections ID ELECTRIC-FIELD VARIABILITY; ION DRIFTS; MAGNETIC-FIELD; INNER MAGNETOSPHERE; RING CURRENT; POLARIZATION STREAM; ALIGNED CURRENTS; WAVE EXPERIMENT; PLASMA BEAMS; CLUSTER AB Subauroral ion drifts (SAID) are the prominent feature of the active subauroral geospace, just earthward of the electron plasma sheet (PS) boundary in the premidnight sector. We explore magnetically conjugate satellite observations of substorm SAID near the magnetic equator and in the topside ionosphere confirming and expanding on our previous results. The SAID channels reside between the hot electron (PS/auroral) boundary at the plasmapause and the drop in the hot ion flux inside the plasmasphere. The overall features are inconsistent with the paradigm of voltage and current generators. Rather, they are explained in terms of a short circuiting of substorminjected hot plasma jets over the plasmapause and formation of a turbulent plasmaspheric boundary layer. The short circuiting occurs when the cold plasma density exceeds a critical value of 5-10 cm(-3). As the polarization field at the front of the hot plasma jet is shorted out, the hot electrons are arrested, while the hot ions yet move inward. This provides a natural explanation of the longknown dispersionless auroral precipitation boundary. Enhanced plasma turbulence within the SAID channel provides anomalous circuit resistivity and magnetic diffusion, as with the welldocumented plasmoidmagnetic barrier problem. C1 Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Mishin, EV (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM evgeny.mishin@us.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX This research was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. I am grateful to P. Puhl-Quinn and O. Santolik for providing some of the Cluster data, N. Meredith for providing the CRRES PWE and LEPA data, and R. Friedel for providing CRRES/MEBE data used in this study. The Cluster FGM Prime Parameter, EFW, EDI, CIS-CODIF, WBD, and STAFF data sets were obtained through the Cluster Science Data System and the ESA Cluster Active Archive. The Polar MFE, EFI, and HYDRA data sets were obtained through the NASA CDAWeb data service. AU/AL indices were obtained through the Web site of the World Data Center for Geomagnetism, Kyoto. NR 98 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 118 IS 9 BP 5782 EP 5796 DI 10.1002/jgra.50548 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 232HN UT WOS:000325483800032 ER PT J AU Kalwerisky, K Mihora, L Czyz, CN Foster, JA Holck, DEE AF Kalwerisky, Kevin Mihora, Lisa Czyz, Craig N. Foster, Jill A. Holck, David E. E. TI Rate of Vascularization and Exposure of Silicone-capped Porous Polyethylene Spherical Implants: An Animal Model SO OPHTHALMIC PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY LA English DT Article ID HYDROXYAPATITE ORBITAL IMPLANTS; MOTILITY COUPLING POST; ANOPHTHALMIC SOCKET; CORALLINE HYDROXYAPATITE; FIBROVASCULAR INGROWTH; PEDIATRIC POPULATION; PROSTHETIC MOTILITY; PEG PLACEMENT; RABBIT MODEL; ENUCLEATION AB Purpose: This pilot study examines the rates of exposure and fibrovascular ingrowth of silicone-capped, porous, polyethylene orbital implants in the New Zealand white rabbit animal model. Methods: Unwrapped, silicone-capped, porous, polyethylene orbital spheres were implanted in 16 enucleated rabbit orbits. Four implants were removed at 3, 6, 9, and 12-month intervals and submitted for histopathologic analysis. A board-certified pathologist reviewed and graded vascular ingrowth, inflammation type, and severity for all specimens. Results: Fibrovascular ingrowth in the center of all implants occurred as early as 3 months. No fibrovascular ingrowth occurred at the interface between the silicone cap and the porous polyethylene implant. The overlying Tenon's and conjunctival tissues remained intact without significant host inflammatory response. No implant exposure occurred at any time point. Conclusions: Silicone-capped porous polyethylene orbital implants appear to offer an inexpensive, easy-to-manufacture implant that resists exposure without the need for a wrapping material and achieves successful biointegration soon after implantation. C1 [Kalwerisky, Kevin; Mihora, Lisa; Holck, David E. E.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, San Antonio, TX USA. [Kalwerisky, Kevin; Czyz, Craig N.; Foster, Jill A.] Ophthalm Surg & Consultants Ohio, Dept Oculofacial Plast Surg, Columbus, OH USA. [Kalwerisky, Kevin; Czyz, Craig N.; Foster, Jill A.] Ohio State Univ, OhioHlth Doctors Hosp, Sect Oculofacial Plast Surg, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Kalwerisky, Kevin; Foster, Jill A.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Ophthalmol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Czyz, CN (reprint author), 262 Neil Ave,Ste 410, Columbus, OH 43215 USA. EM dsp4000@aol.com NR 52 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0740-9303 EI 1537-2677 J9 OPHTHAL PLAST RECONS JI Ophthalmic Plast. Reconstr. Surg. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 29 IS 5 BP 350 EP 356 DI 10.1097/IOP.0b013e318295f9c1 PG 7 WC Ophthalmology; Surgery SC Ophthalmology; Surgery GA 220NT UT WOS:000324592000017 PM 23811596 ER PT J AU Heinrich, JR Cooke, DL AF Heinrich, Jonathon R. Cooke, David L. TI Dynamics of positive probes in underdense, strongly magnetized, E x B drifting plasma: Particle-in-cell simulations SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID CURRENT COLLECTION; CHARGED SPACECRAFT; ELECTRON CURRENTS; PRESHEATH; SATELLITE AB Electron trapping, electron heating, space-charge wings, wake eddies, and current collection by a positive probe in E x B drifting plasma were studied in three-dimensional electromagnetic particle-in-cell simulations. In these simulations, electrons and ions were magnetized with respect to the probe and the plasma was underdense (omega(pe) < omega(ce)). A large drift velocity (Mach 4.5 with respect to the ion acoustic speed) between the plasma and probe was created with background electric and magnetic fields. Four distinct regions developed in the presences of the positive probe: a quasi-trapped electron region, an electron-depletion wing, an ion-rich wing, and a wake region. We report on the observations of strong electron heating mechanisms, space-charge wings, ion cyclotron charge-density eddies in the wake, electron acceleration due to a magnetic presheath, and the current-voltage relationship. C1 [Heinrich, Jonathon R.; Cooke, David L.] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Heinrich, JR (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM Jonathon.Heinrich.ctr@Kirtland.af.mil FU National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the Air Force Research Laboratory, Kirtland AFB [NM 87117] FX This research was performed while the author J.R.H. held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the Air Force Research Laboratory, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD SEP PY 2013 VL 20 IS 9 AR 093503 DI 10.1063/1.4821070 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 231FE UT WOS:000325399400078 ER PT J AU Thedinga, JF Johnson, SW Neff, AD Hoffman, CA Maselko, JM AF Thedinga, John F. Johnson, Scott W. Neff, A. Darcie Hoffman, Chris A. Maselko, Jacek M. TI Nearshore Fish Assemblages of the Northeastern Chukchi Sea, Alaska SO ARCTIC LA English DT Article DE Arctic; Alaska; Chukchi Sea; nearshore; Arctic cod; capelin; beach seine; bottom trawl ID COD BOREOGADUS-SAIDA; CAPELIN MALLOTUS-VILLOSUS; BEAUFORT SEA; ARCTIC COD; COASTAL WATERS; BARENTS SEA; COMMUNITY; DEMERSAL; PREDATION AB The Arctic ecosystem is changing rapidly, yet information on nearshore fish assemblages for the northeastern Chukchi Sea is extremely limited. To address this information gap, we sampled nearshore fish assemblages with a beach seine and a small bottom trawl at six stations in the northeastern Chukchi Sea in August 2007, 2008, and 2009, and in September 2009. Catch and species composition differed by gear type and between sample periods, including the two in 2009. A total of 16 039 fish representing 18 species were captured in 24 beach seine hauls, and 3108 fish representing 24 species were captured in 48 trawl tows. Beach seine catch was dominated by capelin (83%), and trawl catch was dominated by Arctic cod (56%). Species that were good discriminators between gear types were capelin (seine) and slender eelblenny (trawl), and unidentified small sculpins were the most common taxa caught with both gear types. Capelin and Arctic cod captured by either gear type were mostly juveniles (judging by size). Variability among sampling periods in catch and species composition within gear types can likely be attributed to annual variations in environmental conditions, including differences in water temperature (range: 2 degrees-9 degrees C). The shallow nearshore environment of the northeastern Chukchi Sea provides important habitat for many fish species and is extremely vulnerable to disturbance. Loss of sea ice from global warming may open up formerly inaccessible areas to oil and gas exploration, vessel traffic, and commercial fishing. Thus, long-term monitoring of nearshore fish assemblages in the Alaskan Arctic is necessary for managers to make informed decisions in this fragile environment. C1 [Thedinga, John F.; Johnson, Scott W.; Neff, A. Darcie; Maselko, Jacek M.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Hoffman, Chris A.] US Army Corps Engineers, Elmendorf AFB, AK 99506 USA. RP Thedinga, JF (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 17109 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM jthedinga@gci.net FU NOAA's Essential Fish Habitat Program at the Auke Bay Laboratories of the Alaska Fisheries Science Center FX We especially thank Craig George and the North Slope Borough for providing the invaluable field and logistical support that made this study possible. We also thank Andres Lopez, Estrella Campellone, Dugan Greenwell, John Eiler, Kim Fackler, Mark Carls, and Valerie Palmer for help in the field. We thank Adam Moles for reviewing this manuscript. This project was partially funded by NOAA's Essential Fish Habitat Program at the Auke Bay Laboratories of the Alaska Fisheries Science Center. NR 53 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 14 PU ARCTIC INST N AMER PI CALGARY PA UNIV OF CALGARY 2500 UNIVERSITY DRIVE NW 11TH FLOOR LIBRARY TOWER, CALGARY, ALBERTA T2N 1N4, CANADA SN 0004-0843 J9 ARCTIC JI Arctic PD SEP PY 2013 VL 66 IS 3 BP 257 EP 268 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 230AR UT WOS:000325309500002 ER PT J AU DeMars, KJ Jah, MK AF DeMars, Kyle J. Jah, Moriba K. TI Probabilistic Initial Orbit Determination Using Gaussian Mixture Models SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID ADMISSIBLE REGIONS AB The most complete description of the state of a system at any time is given by knowledge of the probability density function, which describes the locus of possible states conditioned on any available measurement information. When employing optical data, the concept of the admissible region provides a physics-based region of the range/range-rate space that produces Earth-bound orbit solutions. This work develops a method that employs a probabilistic interpretation of the admissible region and approximates the admissible region by a Gaussian mixture to formulate an initial orbit determination solution. The Gaussian mixture representation of the probability density function is then forecast and updated with subsequent data to iteratively refine the region of uncertainty. Simulation results are presented using synthetic data over a range of orbits, in which it is shown that the new method is consistently able to initialize a probabilistic orbit solution and provide iterative refinement via follow-on tracking. C1 [DeMars, Kyle J.] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. [Jah, Moriba K.] US Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP DeMars, KJ (reprint author), Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. OI Jah, Moriba/0000-0003-1109-0374 FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The work presented herein was performed with support from the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research. Many thanks go to Kent Miller, Doug Cochran, Fariba Fahroo, and Tristan Nguyen for their support via various mechanisms (U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research Lab Task and National Research. Council Research Associateship). NR 18 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD SEP-OCT PY 2013 VL 36 IS 5 BP 1324 EP 1335 DI 10.2514/1.59844 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 214SB UT WOS:000324155000008 ER PT J AU Degnan, JH Amdahl, DJ Domonkos, M Lehr, FM Grabowski, C Robinson, PR Ruden, EL White, WM Wurden, GA Intrator, TP Sears, J Weber, T Waganaar, WJ Frese, MH Frese, SD Camacho, JF Coffey, SK Makhin, V Roderick, NF Gale, DG Kostora, M Lerma, A McCullough, JL Sommars, W Kiuttu, GF Bauer, B Fuelling, SR Siemon, RE Lynn, AG Turchi, PJ AF Degnan, J. H. Amdahl, D. J. Domonkos, M. Lehr, F. M. Grabowski, C. Robinson, P. R. Ruden, E. L. White, W. M. Wurden, G. A. Intrator, T. P. Sears, J. Weber, T. Waganaar, W. J. Frese, M. H. Frese, S. D. Camacho, J. F. Coffey, S. K. Makhin, V. Roderick, N. F. Gale, D. G. Kostora, M. Lerma, A. McCullough, J. L. Sommars, W. Kiuttu, G. F. Bauer, B. Fuelling, S. R. Siemon, R. E. Lynn, A. G. Turchi, P. J. TI Recent magneto-inertial fusion experiments on the field reversed configuration heating experiment SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID TARGET FUSION; THETA-PINCH; PLASMA; COMPRESSION; LINER AB Magneto-inertial fusion (MIF) approaches take advantage of an embedded magnetic field to improve plasma energy confinement by reducing thermal conduction relative to conventional inertial confinement fusion (ICF). MIF reduces required precision in the implosion and the convergence ratio. Since 2008 (Wurden et al 2008 IAEA 2008 Fusion Energy Conf. (Geneva, Switzerland, 13-18 October) IC/P4-13 LA-UR-08-0796) and since our prior refereed publication on this topic (Degnan et al 2008 IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 36 80), AFRL and LANL have developed further one version of MIF. We have (1) reliably formed, translated, and captured field reversed configurations (FRCs) in magnetic mirrors inside metal shells or liners in preparation for subsequent compression by liner implosion; (2) imploded a liner with interior magnetic mirror field, obtaining evidence for compression of a 1.36 T field to 540 T; (3) performed a full system experiment of FRC formation, translation, capture, and imploding liner compression operation; (4) identified by comparison of 2D-MHD simulation and experiments factors limiting the closed-field lifetime of FRCs to about half that required for good liner compression of FRCs to multi-keV, 10(19) ion cm(-3), high energy density plasma (HEDP) conditions; and (5) designed and prepared hardware to increase that closed-field FRC lifetime to the required amount. Those lifetime experiments are now underway, with the goal of at least doubling closed-field FRC lifetimes and performing FRC implosions to HEDP conditions this year. These experiments have obtained imaging evidence of FRC rotation, and of initial rotation control measures slowing and stopping such rotation. Important improvements in fidelity of simulation to experiment have been achieved, enabling improved guidance and understanding of experiment design and performance. C1 [Degnan, J. H.; Amdahl, D. J.; Domonkos, M.; Lehr, F. M.; Grabowski, C.; Robinson, P. R.; Ruden, E. L.; White, W. M.] Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Wurden, G. A.; Intrator, T. P.; Sears, J.; Weber, T.; Waganaar, W. J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Frese, M. H.; Frese, S. D.; Camacho, J. F.; Coffey, S. K.; Makhin, V.; Roderick, N. F.] NumerEx LLC, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Gale, D. G.; Kostora, M.; Lerma, A.; McCullough, J. L.; Sommars, W.] SAIC, Albuquerque, NM 87113 USA. [Kiuttu, G. F.] VariTech Serv, Albuquerque, NM 87112 USA. [Bauer, B.; Fuelling, S. R.; Siemon, R. E.] Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Lynn, A. G.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Turchi, P. J.] Los Alamos Sci Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Degnan, JH (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RI Wurden, Glen/A-1921-2017 OI Wurden, Glen/0000-0003-2991-1484 FU Department of Energy, Office of Fusion Energy Science [IA-DE-AI02-04ER54764] FX This work was supported by The Department of Energy, Office of Fusion Energy Science, Grant IA-DE-AI02-04ER54764. The support and encouragement of Dr Robert E. Peterkin, Jr, Chief Scientist of Air Force Research Laboratory, Directed Energy Directorate is acknowledged and appreciated. NR 34 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 11 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD SEP PY 2013 VL 53 IS 9 AR UNSP 093003 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/53/9/093003 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 214TZ UT WOS:000324160400005 ER PT J AU Childs, JD AF Childs, John D. TI War Is a Real-Time Laboratory: Dispatch From Bagram and Biloxi SO PHYSICAL THERAPY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Childs, John D.] US Air Force, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Childs, John D.] Keesler Air Force Base, Dept Phys Therapy, Med Grp 81, Biloxi, MS USA. RP Childs, JD (reprint author), US Air Force, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL THERAPY ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1111 N FAIRFAX ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0031-9023 J9 PHYS THER JI Phys. Ther. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 93 IS 9 SI SI BP 1154 EP 1156 DI 10.2522/ptj.2013.93.9.1154 PG 3 WC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation SC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation GA 212OM UT WOS:000323992700001 PM 23995950 ER PT J AU Goffar, SL Reber, RJ Christiansen, BC Miller, RB Naylor, JA Rodriguez, BM Walker, MJ Teyhen, DS AF Goffar, Stephen L. Reber, Rett J. Christiansen, Bryan C. Miller, Robert B. Naylor, Jacob A. Rodriguez, Brittany M. Walker, Michael J. Teyhen, Deydre S. TI Changes in Dynamic Plantar Pressure During Loaded Gait SO PHYSICAL THERAPY LA English DT Article ID ARCH HEIGHT INDEX; MEASUREMENT SYSTEM; RISK-FACTORS; LOWER-LIMB; PARAMETERS; CARRIAGE; RUNNERS; WALKING; PAIN; FOOT AB Background. Lower extremity overuse injuries are detrimental to military readiness. Extremes of arch height and heavy loads carried by military personnel are associated with increased risk for overuse injury. Little is known regarding the impact of load carriage on plantar pressure distributions during gait. Objective. The objective of this study was to determine how load carriage affects plantar pressure distributions during gait in individuals with varying arch types. Design. A cross-sectional, repeated-measures design was used for the study. Methods. The study was performed at a research laboratory at Fort Sam Houston, Texas. Service members who were healthy and weighing >= 70 kg were enrolled in the study. The participants (97 men, 18, women; mean age=31.3 years, SD=5.6; mean weight=86.0 kg, SD=11.0) were categorized as having high-, normal-, or low-arched feet on the basis of published cutoff values for the arch height index. Plantar pressure measurements were obtained with the use of an in-shoe pressure measurement system while participants wore combat boots and walked on a treadmill under 3 loaded conditions (uniform, 20-kg load, and 40-kg load). Maximal force (MaxF) and force-time integral (FTI) were assessed with the use of a 9-sector mask to represent regions of the foot. A 3 X 3 repeated-measures analysis of variance was used for analysis across the levels of load and arch type. Results. A significant interaction existed between arch type and load for MaxF and FTI in the medial midfoot, with greater force in low-arched feet. In the medial forefoot, MaxF and FTI were greatest in high-arched feet across all load conditions. In the great toe region, low-arched and normally arched feet had greater MaxF and FTI. The relative distribution of FTI increased proportionately in all regions of the foot regardless of arch type for all load conditions. Limitations. The influence of fatigue, greater loads, and different walking speeds was not assessed. Conclusions. Regardless of arch type, increases in load did not alter the relative distribution of force over the plantar foot during gait. Participants with high-arched feet had greater force in the medial forefoot region, whereas those with normally arched or low-arched feet had greater force in the great toe region, regardless of load. These differences in force distribution may demonstrate different strategies to generate a rigid lever during toe-off. C1 [Goffar, Stephen L.; Naylor, Jacob A.] Landstuhl Reg Med Ctr, Rehabil Serv, Landstuhl, Germany. [Goffar, Stephen L.; Walker, Michael J.; Teyhen, Deydre S.] Baylor Univ, US Army, Doctoral Program Phys Therapy, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. [Reber, Rett J.] Air Force Base Med Clin, Phys Therapy Clin, Scott Afb, IL USA. [Christiansen, Bryan C.] Blanchfield Army Community Hosp, Rehabil Serv, Ft Campbell, KY USA. [Miller, Robert B.] William Beaumont Army Med Ctr, Phys Therapy Sect, El Paso, TX 79920 USA. [Rodriguez, Brittany M.] Ft Belvoir Community Hosp, Dept Phys Therapy, Ft Belvoir, VA USA. [Walker, Michael J.] Evidence Mot, Schertz, TX USA. [Teyhen, Deydre S.] US Army Med Res & Mat Command, Telemed & Adv Technol Res Ctr, Ft Detrick, MD USA. RP Goffar, SL (reprint author), MCUEL LST DCS SG PT, Landstuhl Reg Med Ctr, CMR 402, APO, AE 09180 USA. EM stephen.goffar@amedd.army.mil FU Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center (TATRC), US Army Medical Research and Material Command, Fort Detrick, Maryland FX This work was funded through the Bone Health Research Program, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center (TATRC), US Army Medical Research and Material Command, Fort Detrick, Maryland. NR 34 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 31 PU AMER PHYSICAL THERAPY ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1111 N FAIRFAX ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0031-9023 J9 PHYS THER JI Phys. Ther. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 93 IS 9 SI SI BP 1175 EP 1184 DI 10.2522/ptj.20120103 PG 10 WC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation SC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation GA 212OM UT WOS:000323992700007 PM 23580629 ER PT J AU Reid, MR Scharfe, DB Webb, RN AF Reid, Michael R. Scharfe, David B. Webb, Rebecca N. TI Computational evaluation of a latent heat energy storage system SO SOLAR ENERGY LA English DT Article DE Phase change material; Thermal energy storage; Thermophotovoltaic cell; Radiative heat transfer ID PHASE-CHANGE MATERIALS; ENTHALPY METHOD; TEMPERATURE; CONVECTION AB A system capable of receiving, absorbing, and converting solar energy was designed for use on a satellite in low Earth orbit. The proposed system, an alternative to conventional photovoltaic panels paired with electrochemical batteries, has at the core of its design a latent heat based energy storage system that employs silicon as the phase change material. Thermal to electric conversion is achieved by thermophotovoltaic cells that then provide electrical power for various satellite components. The system was evaluated computationally. Through prediction of the melt and solidification fronts the amount of solar irradiation required to fully utilize the phase change material was determined to be between 4 and 5 kW depending on the orbit. The average temperature of the emitter, used to power the thermophotovoltaic cells, was also predicted throughout an orbit. The emitter temperature range, 1450-1850 K, is well-suited for use with commercially available gallium antimony cells. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Reid, Michael R.] United States Air Force, Colorado Springs, CO USA. [Scharfe, David B.] ERC Inc, Edwards AFB, CA USA. [Webb, Rebecca N.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80918 USA. RP Webb, RN (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, 1420 Austin Bluffs Pkwy, Colorado Springs, CO 80918 USA. EM rwebb@uccs.edu FU ERC, Inc. FX This research is funded by ERC, Inc. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-092X J9 SOL ENERGY JI Sol. Energy PD SEP PY 2013 VL 95 BP 99 EP 105 DI 10.1016/j.solener.2013.06.010 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA 212WN UT WOS:000324013600009 ER PT J AU Jelliss, PA Buckner, SW Chung, SW Patel, A Guliants, EA Bunker, CE AF Jelliss, Paul A. Buckner, Steven W. Chung, Stephen W. Patel, Ashish Guliants, Elena A. Bunker, Christopher E. TI The use of 1,2-epoxyhexane as a passivating agent for core-shell aluminum nanoparticles with very high active aluminum content SO SOLID STATE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Aluminum; Core-shell nanoparticles; 1,2-Epoxyhexane; Oligomerization; Passivation ID OXIDATION; NANOPOWDERS; SIZE AB Aluminum nanoparticles synthesized by titanium (IV) isopropoxide-initiated decomposition of alane have been passivated and capped using oligomerization of 1,2-epoxyhexane. Preliminary synthetic protocols with this capping agent, where the nanoparticle formation reaction and passivation processes were both conducted at ambient temperatures, had resulted in nanoparticles that were highly unstable and that either oxidized rapidly upon exposure to air or were pyrophoric. Use of 1,2-epoxydodecane, on the other hand, had produced stable nanoparticles that were successfully characterized and reported. A modification of the procedure whereby the epoxyhexane passivation process is carried out at 85 degrees C for 30 min, has afforded surprisingly stable aluminum nanoparticles. Powder X-ray analysis and transmission electron microscopy reveal nanoparticle diameters on the order of 30 nm with 19 nm crystalline aluminum cores. The passivation process yields an extraordinarily high active aluminum (Al-o) content of 83%, with degradation of the core to 52% active aluminum after 9 days exposure in a dry air chamber. Differential scanning calorimetry coupled with thermogravimetric analysis reveals distinct cap combustion and metal ignition exotherms, though they are not as well-defined as those found with their epoxydodecane-capped congener. With the additional observation of a metal melting endotherm, it is suggested that while carrying out the passivation process at an elevated temperature affords a higher degree of kinetic stabilization of the aluminum core, the passivation shell is inhomogeneous, possibly as a result of the polydisperse nature of the oligomerized epoxyhexane. (C) 2013 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. C1 [Jelliss, Paul A.; Buckner, Steven W.; Chung, Stephen W.; Patel, Ashish] St Louis Univ, Dept Chem, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. [Guliants, Elena A.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Sensors Technol Off, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Bunker, Christopher E.] Air Force Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Jelliss, PA (reprint author), St Louis Univ, Dept Chem, 3501 Laclede Ave, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. EM jellissp@slu.edu; buckners@slu.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory Nanoenergetics Program; National Science Foundation [CHE-0963363] FX We gratefully acknowledge the Air Force Research Laboratory Nanoenergetics Program for supporting this work. Acknowledgment is made to the National Science Foundation for support under grant CHE-0963363 for renovations to the research laboratories in Monsanto Hall at Saint Louis University. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1293-2558 J9 SOLID STATE SCI JI Solid State Sci. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 23 BP 8 EP 12 DI 10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2013.06.001 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 214SN UT WOS:000324156200002 ER PT J AU Donegan, SP Tucker, JC Rollett, AD Barmak, K Groeber, M AF Donegan, S. P. Tucker, J. C. Rollett, A. D. Barmak, K. Groeber, M. TI Extreme value analysis of tail departure from log-normality in experimental and simulated grain size distributions SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Statistical analysis; Extreme value analysis; Grain size; Grain size distributions ID NI-BASED SUPERALLOY; LOW-CYCLE FATIGUE; WIND VELOCITY; FIB-SEM; PEAKS; DEPENDENCE; STRESS; GROWTH AB Grain size data were taken from four three- and two-dimensional microstructures, including simulated grain growth, thin film and superalloy data sets. Probability plots revealed approximately log-normal distributions for experimental grain size data sets, but with systematic differences in the upper tails. A simulated grain size data set obtained from Potts model growth exhibited strong deviation from log-normality. A peaks-over-threshold analysis was applied to quantify the differences in the upper tails. Potts model simulation of normal grain growth shows the shortest tail, whereas the thin film data showed the longest tail (i.e. closest to log-normal), with an intermediate tail shape in the superalloy. (C) 2013 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Donegan, S. P.; Tucker, J. C.; Rollett, A. D.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Barmak, K.] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Groeber, M.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Donegan, SP (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 5000 Forbes Ave,Doherty Hall A306, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM sdonegan@andrew.cmu.edu RI Barmak, Katayun/A-9804-2008; Tucker, Joseph/F-3393-2014; Rollett, Anthony/A-4096-2012 OI Barmak, Katayun/0000-0003-0070-158X; Tucker, Joseph/0000-0002-7214-9272; Rollett, Anthony/0000-0003-4445-2191 FU Department of Energy as part of the University Coal Research Program [DE-FE0003840] FX This work was primarily supported by Grant Number DE-FE0003840 from the Department of Energy as part of the University Coal Research Program. Seth Wilson is thanked for the provision of the Potts model data. NR 37 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 61 IS 15 BP 5595 EP 5604 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2013.06.001 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 210AK UT WOS:000323801500005 ER PT J AU Berry, PA Macdonald, JR Beecher, SJ McDaniel, SA Schepler, KL Kar, AK AF Berry, Patrick A. Macdonald, John R. Beecher, Stephen J. McDaniel, Sean A. Schepler, Kenneth L. Kar, Ajoy K. TI Fabrication and power scaling of a 1.7 W Cr:ZnSe waveguide laser SO OPTICAL MATERIALS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID REFRACTIVE-INDEX; ZINC CHALCOGENIDES; ZNSE; EFFICIENT AB We report the fabrication and operation of a Cr:ZnSe buried channel waveguide laser operating at 2500 nm with a linewidth of 10 nm and a maximum power output of 1.7 W. Ultrafast laser inscription is used to fabricate the depressed cladding waveguide in a polycrystalline Cr:ZnSe sample. A thermal model is developed and predicts performance degradation at higher pump levels due to thermal quenching of the lifetime. This prediction is supported by the experimental results. (c) 2013 Optical Society of America C1 [Berry, Patrick A.; Schepler, Kenneth L.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Macdonald, John R.; Beecher, Stephen J.; Kar, Ajoy K.] Heriot Watt Univ, Inst Photon & Quantum Sci, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland. [McDaniel, Sean A.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Beavercreek, OH 45431 USA. RP Berry, PA (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Patrick.Berry@wpafb.af.mil OI Berry, Patrick/0000-0003-1294-6509; Schepler, Kenneth/0000-0001-9658-2305 FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research; U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory Sensors Directorate [FA8650-12-D-1377]; European Office of Aerospace Research and Development (EOARD) [FA8655-11-1-3001]; Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) [EP/G030227/1] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory Sensors Directorate, contract number FA8650-12-D-1377, the European Office of Aerospace Research and Development (EOARD) grant number FA8655-11-1-3001 and the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) grant number EP/G030227/1. J.R.M. and S.J.B. thank Graeme Brown for his assistance in the waveguide inscription process. NR 20 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 33 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2159-3930 J9 OPT MATER EXPRESS JI Opt. Mater. Express PD SEP 1 PY 2013 VL 3 IS 9 BP 1250 EP 1258 DI 10.1364/OME.3.001250 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA 211XH UT WOS:000323944700006 ER PT J AU Peel, LD Molina, EJ Baur, JW Justice, RS AF Peel, Larry D. Molina, Enrique Jr Baur, Jeffery W. Justice, Ryan S. TI Characterization and application of shape-changing panels with embedded rubber muscle actuators SO SMART MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ASME Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems CY SEP 19-21, 2012 CL Stone Mountain, GA SP ASME, Gen Motors, Parker Hannifin, Dynalloy Inc, Teledyne Sci & Imag, IOP Publishing, Sage Publish, NextGen Aeronaut, Natl Sci Fdn, Air Force Off Sci Res AB Cylindrical soft actuators efficiently convert fluid pressure into mechanical energy and thus offer excellent force-to-weight ratios while behaving similar to biological muscle. McKibben-like rubber muscle actuators (RMAs) were embedded into neat elastomer and act as shape-changing panels. The effect of actuator spacing and modeling methods on the performance of these panels was investigated. Simulations from nonlinear finite element models were compared with results from test panels containing four RMAs that were spaced 0, 1/2, 1, and 1.3 RMA diameters apart. Nonlinear 'laminated plate' and 'rod & plate' finite element (FE) models of individual (non-embedded) RMAs and panels with embedded RMAs were developed. Due to model complexity and resource limitations, several simplified 2D and 3D FE model types, including a 3D 'Unit Cell' were created. After subtracting the 'activation pressure' needed to initiate contraction, all the models for the individual actuators produced forces consistent with experimental values, but only the more resource-intensive rod & plate models replicated fiber/braid re-orientation and produced more realistic values for actuator contraction. For panel models, the Full 3D rod & plate model appeared to be the most accurate for panel contraction and force, but was not completed for all configurations due to resource limitations. Most embedded panel FE models produced maximum panel actuator force and maximum contraction when the embedded actuators are spaced between 1/2 and 1 diameter apart. Seven panels with embedded RMAs were experimentally fabricated and tested. Panel tests confirmed that maximum or optimal performance occurs when the RMAs are spaced between 1/2 and 1 diameter apart. The tested actuator force was fairly constant in this range, suggesting that minor design or manufacturing differences may not significantly affect panel performance. However, the amount of axial force and contraction decreases significantly at greater than optimal spacing. This multi-faceted work provides useful design, simulation fabrication, and test characteristics for shape-adaptive panels. Bending panels were demonstrated but not modeled. Developers of future shape-adaptive air vehicles have been provided with additional simulation and design tools. C1 [Peel, Larry D.] Texas A&M Univ Kingsville, Kingsville, TX USA. [Molina, Enrique Jr] L3 Commun Integrated Syst, Waco, TX USA. [Baur, Jeffery W.; Justice, Ryan S.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Peel, LD (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ Kingsville, Kingsville, TX USA. EM Larry.Peel@tamuk.edu FU Air Force Summer Faculty Fellowship Program for Peel; Universal Technologies Corporation/AFRL [11-8587-094-01-C4] FX The authors are appreciative of previous funding provided by the 2009 and 2010 Air Force Summer Faculty Fellowship Program for Peel. The current work was funded in part by the Universal Technologies Corporation/AFRL Subcontract 11-8587-094-01-C4 'Evaluating of Discrete and Embedded Rubber Muscle Actuators'. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0964-1726 EI 1361-665X J9 SMART MATER STRUCT JI Smart Mater. Struct. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 22 IS 9 AR 094020 DI 10.1088/0964-1726/22/9/094020 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA 210KP UT WOS:000323832000022 ER PT J AU Garmann, DJ AF Garmann, Daniel J. TI Compact Finite-Differencing and Filtering Procedure Applied to the Incompressible Navier-Stokes Equations SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CIRCULAR-CYLINDER; VORTICITY EQUATIONS; SCHEME; FLOWS AB A high-order discretization and filtering procedure is applied to the solution of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations in a vorticity/stream-function formulation, which is implemented in curvilinear coordinates. Compact finite differencing is coupled with the use of a low-pass filtering operator to augment the stability of the scheme for high-Reynolds-number flows and/or low-resolution meshes. Advancement in time is done through either first- or second-order, backward Euler time integrations, which are supplemented with Newton-like subiterations. Temporal and spatial formal orders of accuracy are examined through exact solutions of the governing equations, where the theoretical orders of accuracy are achieved for up to sixth-order spatial and second-order temporal discretizations. The technique is also demonstrated on both steady and unsteady incompressible flow canonical problems, including the lid-driven cavity and unsteady flow over a cylinder. The advantage of the high-order scheme coupled with the filter becomes apparent from more accurate solutions being achievable on much coarser meshes. C1 US Air Force Res Lab, Computat Sci Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Garmann, DJ (reprint author), US Air Force Res Lab, Computat Sci Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 51 IS 9 BP 2241 EP 2251 DI 10.2514/1.J052264 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 207HL UT WOS:000323589400016 ER PT J AU Shiryayev, OV Slater, JC Brown, J AF Shiryayev, Oleg V. Slater, Joseph C. Brown, Jeffrey TI Feasibility of Using Nonlinear Response Features for Crack Detection in Turbomachinery Components SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 51st AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference / 11th AIAA Gossamer Systems Forum CY APR 10-15, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP AIAA, AHS, ASME, ASC, ASCE, US Off Naval Res (ONR), US AF Off Sci Res (AFOSR) ID LOCALIZATION; VIBRATION C1 [Shiryayev, Oleg V.] Petr Inst, Dept Mech Engn, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates. [Slater, Joseph C.] Wright State Univ, Coll Engn & Comp Sci, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Brown, Jeffrey] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Shiryayev, OV (reprint author), Petr Inst, Dept Mech Engn, POB 2533, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates. OI Slater, Joseph/0000-0002-1923-9279 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 51 IS 9 BP 2290 EP 2294 DI 10.2514/1.J052189 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 207HL UT WOS:000323589400022 ER PT J AU Stanford, B Albertani, R Lacore, D Parker, G AF Stanford, B. Albertani, R. Lacore, D. Parker, G. TI Proper Orthogonal Decomposition of Flexible Clap and Fling Elastic Motions via High-Speed Deformation Measurements SO EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE Flapping wings; MAV; VIC; Digital image correlation ID HOVERING INSECT FLIGHT; WEIS-FOGH MECHANISM; MICRO AIR VEHICLES; LIFT GENERATION; AERODYNAMICS; SYSTEMS AB Many complex unsteady mechanisms are thought to facilitate the high efficiency and agility commonly observed in small biological flyers. One of these, the flexible clap and fling maneuver, has not been extensively studied; an experimental characterization is the focus of this work. The clap-fling mechanism is approximated with a single flexible membrane flapping wing, replacing the symmetry plane between two wings with a splitter plate simulating the pair wing. This produces a complex vibro-impact aeroelastic problem, the deformation resulting from which is measured with a high-speed visual image correlation system. A low-dimensional representation of the ensuing large data set is obtained with proper orthogonal decomposition. The POD modes, and the relative importance of each, can help elucidate crucial mechanisms and relationships within the flapping system, and are computed for various membrane wing structures and flapping frequencies, with or without the presence of the splitter plate. C1 [Stanford, B.; Lacore, D.; Parker, G.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Albertani, R.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Albertani, R (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM roberto.albertani@oregonstate.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8651-08-D-0108, F08635-03-D-0130]; National Research Council Associateship Award at AFRL FX The authors would like to acknowledge the support from the Air Force Research Laboratory under contract FA8651-08-D-0108 and under contract F08635-03-D-0130, with Gregory Parker and Johnny Evers, respectively as project monitors. The authors would also like to acknowledge the logistical support from Dr. Thomas Emmel, Director of the McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, and his staff, for the experiments on live butterflies. The research was performed while the first author held a National Research Council Associateship Award at AFRL. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0014-4851 J9 EXP MECH JI Exp. Mech. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 53 IS 7 BP 1127 EP 1141 DI 10.1007/s11340-013-9743-4 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 202WS UT WOS:000323251900004 ER PT J AU Hollenbeck, AC Palazotto, AN AF Hollenbeck, A. C. Palazotto, A. N. TI Mechanical Characterization of Flight Mechanism in the Hawkmoth Manduca Sexta SO EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE Manduca; Thorax; MAV; Flapping-wing; Nanoindentation; Bio-inspired ID CUTICLE AB Examining a biological flapping-flight mechanism as a mechanical system provides valuable insight related to the development and construction of Flapping-Wing Micro Air Vehicles (FWMAVs). This paper presents two methods for the mechanical evaluation of the biological flight mechanism in the hawkmoth Manduca sexta (M.sexta). A method for analyzing the static response of the thorax under vertical compression, representing the contraction of the Dorso-Ventral Muscles (DVMs) which power wing elevation, was developed and applied to characterize the relationship between the action of the DVMs and the subsequent thoracic compression and wing elevation. The results have been applied to the evaluation of Finite Element (FE) models of M.sexta's thorax. In addition, nanoindentation was used to determine an average elastic modulus of 5 GPa for the tergal plate (or tergum) of the thoracic exoskeleton, an energy-storing component which bends during flight and supports one end of the DVMs and both ends of the DLMs. C1 [Hollenbeck, A. C.] USAF, Munit Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Valparaiso, FL 32542 USA. [Palazotto, A. N.] Air Force Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Ptrsn Afb, OH 45433 USA. RP Hollenbeck, AC (reprint author), USAF, Munit Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Valparaiso, FL 32542 USA. EM ahollenb87@gmail.com FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The authors would like to thank Dr. Douglas Smith of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research for financially supporting this effort. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0014-4851 EI 1741-2765 J9 EXP MECH JI Exp. Mech. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 53 IS 7 BP 1189 EP 1199 DI 10.1007/s11340-013-9726-5 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 202WS UT WOS:000323251900009 ER PT J AU Veazie, D Jordan, JL Spowart, JE White, BW Thadhani, NN AF Veazie, D. Jordan, J. L. Spowart, J. E. White, B. W. Thadhani, N. N. TI Model for Elastic Modulus of Multi-Constituent Particulate Composites SO EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE Multi-constituent particle-reinforced composites; Internal friction; Compression modulus; Dynamic mechanical analysis; Irreversible energy loss ID INCLUSION; STRESS; MATRIX AB In this paper, a methodology has been developed to accurately predict the elastic properties of multi-constituent particulate composites by accounting for irreversible effects, such as energy loss that arises due to internal friction. The complex dependence on loading density and particle properties (i.e., size, shape, morphology, etc.) is investigated in terms of their effects on the effective elastic modulus of the composite. Confirmed by experimental data from the compression loading of individual Ni and Al particles dispersed in an epoxy matrix, it is believed that this approach captures the effects of internal friction, consequently providing a more accurate and comprehensive representation for predicting and understanding the material behavior of multi-constituent particulate reinforced composites. The present methodology provides a model to directly compare the elastic modulus from an uncomplicated test, such as dual-cantilever beam loading in dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), to the modulus obtained by other more complex experimental methods such as quasi-static compression. The model illustrates an efficient method to incorporate input data from DMA to represent realistic elastic moduli, hence promising for the characterization and design of particulate composites. C1 [Veazie, D.] Southern Polytech State Univ, Sch Engn, Marietta, GA 30060 USA. [Jordan, J. L.] Air Force Res Lab, AFRL RWME, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. [Spowart, J. E.] Air Force Res Lab, AFRL RXBC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [White, B. W.; Thadhani, N. N.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Jordan, JL (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, AFRL RWME, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. EM jennifer.jordan@eglin.af.mil OI Jordan, Jennifer/0000-0002-4596-5872 NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0014-4851 J9 EXP MECH JI Exp. Mech. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 53 IS 7 BP 1213 EP 1222 DI 10.1007/s11340-013-9722-9 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 202WS UT WOS:000323251900011 ER PT J AU Jauchem, JR Bernhard, JA Cerna, CZ Lim, TY Seaman, RL Tarango, M AF Jauchem, James R. Bernhard, Joshua A. Cerna, Cesario Z. Lim, Tiffany Y. Seaman, Ronald L. Tarango, Melissa TI Effects of a TASER(A (R)) conducted energy weapon on the circulating red-blood-cell population and other factors in Sus scrofa SO FORENSIC SCIENCE MEDICINE AND PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE TASER; Conducted energy weapon; Electronic control device; Electro-muscular disruption; Muscle contraction; Erythrocytes; Red blood cells ID ELECTRONIC CONTROL DEVICE; INCLUDING TASER(R) DEVICES; TRAP MASS-SPECTROMETRY; INCREASED HEMATOCRIT; RESISTANCE EXERCISE; TIME-COURSE; IN-VITRO; ERYTHROCYTE; DEFORMABILITY; SPECTRIN AB In previous studies hematocrit has been consistently increased in an anesthetized animal model after exposures to TASER(A (R)) conducted energy weapons (CEWs). In the present study we analyzed changes in blood cell counts and red blood cell membrane proteins following two 30-s applications of a TASER C2 device (which is designed for civilian use). Hematocrit increased significantly from 33.2 +/- A 2.4 (mean +/- A SD) to 42.8 +/- A 4.6 % immediately after CEW exposure of eleven pigs (Sus scrofa). Red blood cell count increased significantly from 6.10 +/- A 0.55 x 10(12)/L to 7.45 +/- A 0.94 x 10(12)/L, and mean corpuscular volume increased significantly from 54.5 +/- A 2.4 fl to 57.8 +/- A 2.6 fl. Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration decreased significantly from 20.5 +/- A 0.7 to 18.5 +/- A 0.6 mM. Thirty protein spots (from two-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, selected for detailed comparison) exhibited greater densities 30-min post-exposure compared with pre-exposure values. A greater number of echinocytes were observed following CEW exposure. On the basis of these results it appears that, during the strong muscle contractions produced by TASER CEWs, a specific population of red blood cells (RBCs) may be released from the spleen or other reservoirs within the body. The total time of CEW exposure in the present study was relatively long compared with exposures in common law-enforcement scenarios. Despite statistically significant changes in red blood cell counts (and other measures directly related to RBCs), the alterations were short-lived. The transient nature of the changes would be likely to counteract any potentially detrimental effects. C1 [Jauchem, James R.; Bernhard, Joshua A.; Lim, Tiffany Y.] US Air Force Res Lab, Bioeffects Div, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Cerna, Cesario Z.; Seaman, Ronald L.; Tarango, Melissa] Gen Dynam Informat Technol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Jauchem, JR (reprint author), US Air Force Res Lab, Bioeffects Div, Human Effectiveness Directorate, 711th Human Performance Wing,711HPW RHDR,4141 Pet, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM james.r.jauchem.civ@mail.mil FU Air Force Research Laboratory, 711th Human Performance Wing FX This project was supported by funds from the Air Force Research Laboratory, 711th Human Performance Wing. We thank Major Craig A. Koeller, U.S. Army, Attending Veterinarian, Bio-Effects Division, Human Effectiveness Directorate, 711th Human Performance Wing, U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory, for initial preparation of the animals and implanting the jugular venous catheters. David A. Fines, Veterinary Technician, General Dynamics Information Technology, provided valuable assistance in performing the CEW exposures and blood sampling. We thank Bennett L. Ibey, Bio-Effects Division, for managing funds assigned to this project. NR 86 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 9 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 1547-769X J9 FORENSIC SCI MED PAT JI Forensic Sci. Med. Pathol. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 9 IS 3 BP 308 EP 320 DI 10.1007/s12024-013-9423-9 PG 13 WC Medicine, Legal; Pathology SC Legal Medicine; Pathology GA 200OC UT WOS:000323077500004 PM 23543463 ER PT J AU Jauchem, JR AF Jauchem, James R. TI Blood lactate concentration after exposure to conducted energy weapons (including TASER(A (R)) devices): is it clinically relevant? SO FORENSIC SCIENCE MEDICINE AND PATHOLOGY LA English DT Review DE TASER; Conducted energy weapon; Electronic control device; Electro-muscular disruption; Muscle contraction; Lactate ID ELECTRONIC CONTROL DEVICE; NEUROMUSCULAR ELECTRICAL-STIMULATION; TASER X26 DISCHARGES; ACID-BASE STATUS; LACTIC-ACIDOSIS; DISTANCE RUNNERS; HUMAN VOLUNTEERS; RESTING ADULTS; STUN DEVICE; SWINE MODEL AB In previous studies, blood lactate concentration (BLac) consistently increased in anesthetized animals and in human subjects after exposures to TASER(A (R)) conducted energy weapons (CEWs). Some have suggested the increased BLac would have detrimental consequences. In the current review, the following are evaluated: (a) the nature of muscle contractions due to CEWs, (b) general aspects of increased BLac, (c) previous studies of conventional neuromuscular electrical stimulation and CEW exposures, and (d) BLac in disease states. On the basis of these analyses, one can conclude that BLac, per se (independent of acidemia), would not be clinically relevant immediately after short-duration CEW applications, due to the short time course of any increase. C1 US Air Force Res Lab, Bioeffects Div, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Jauchem, JR (reprint author), US Air Force Res Lab, Bioeffects Div, Human Effectiveness Directorate, 711th Human Performance Wing,711 HPW RHDR,4141 Pe, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM james.r.jauchem.civ@mail.mil NR 111 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 1547-769X J9 FORENSIC SCI MED PAT JI Forensic Sci. Med. Pathol. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 9 IS 3 BP 386 EP 394 DI 10.1007/s12024-013-9436-4 PG 9 WC Medicine, Legal; Pathology SC Legal Medicine; Pathology GA 200OC UT WOS:000323077500014 PM 23605975 ER PT J AU Grein, CH Flatte, ME Evans, AJ Hood, AD Tennant, WE Nathan, V AF Grein, Christoph H. Flatte, Michael E. Evans, Allan J. Hood, Andrew D. Tennant, William E. Nathan, Vaidya TI Design of Phosphorus-Containing MWIR Type-II Superlattices for Infrared Photon Detectors SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE Auger recombination; detector; infrared; Type-II superlattice ID HGCDTE; PERFORMANCE; LIFETIME; LASERS AB Type-II strained layer superlattices (SLSs) offer a broad range of design degrees of freedom to help optimize their properties as absorber layers of infrared photon detectors. We theoretically examine a new class of mid-wavelength infrared (2-5 mu m bandpass) Type-II structures with two-layer InGaSb/InPSb and four-layer InAs/GaSb/InAs/InPSb SLS periods. Phosphorous-containing SLSs are a promising approach to improving infrared photon detector performance due to providing a new set of material properties, including favorable valence band offsets. P-based SLSs of four-layer type InAs/GaSb/InAs/InPSb were found to be among the best 5-mu m gap SLSs that we have modeled. Among the studied designs, the lowest dark current in an ideal structure is predicted for a four-layer 23.6 angstrom InAs/20 angstrom GaSb/23.6 angstrom InAs/60 angstrom InP0.62Sb0.38 SLS. Its predicted ideal dark current is about 35 times lower than an n-type HgCdTe-based photodiode absorber and six times lower than a p-type HgCdTe one for the same bandgap, temperature, and dopant concentration. We also discuss a defect mitigation strategy that involves positioning the SLS gap in an energy range that avoids defect levels and show how this applies to the aforementioned P-containing SLS. C1 [Grein, Christoph H.; Flatte, Michael E.] Episensors Inc, Bolingbrook, IL 60440 USA. [Grein, Christoph H.] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Flatte, Michael E.] Univ Iowa, Opt Sci & Technol Ctr, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Evans, Allan J.; Hood, Andrew D.; Tennant, William E.] Teledyne Imaging Sensors, Camarillo, CA 93012 USA. [Hood, Andrew D.] FLIR Electroopt Components, Ventura, CA 93003 USA. [Nathan, Vaidya] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Grein, CH (reprint author), Episensors Inc, Bolingbrook, IL 60440 USA. EM grein@episensors.us; michael_flatte@mailaps.org; aevans@teledyne-si.com; andrew.hood@flir.com; wtennant@teledyne-si.com; vaidya.nathan@kirtland.af.mil FU Air Force Research Laboratory FX Manuscript received June 11, 2012; revised August 29, 2012; accepted September 26, 2012. This work was supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 27 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1077-260X J9 IEEE J SEL TOP QUANT JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. PD SEP-OCT PY 2013 VL 19 IS 5 DI 10.1109/JSTQE.2012.2222358 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 202JM UT WOS:000323210900028 ER PT J AU Garcia, E Cao, YC Yu, H Antsaklis, P Casbeer, D AF Garcia, Eloy Cao, Yongcan Yu, Han Antsaklis, Panos Casbeer, David TI Decentralised event-triggered cooperative control with limited communication SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CONTROL LA English DT Article DE event-triggered control; consensus; quantisation; multi-agent systems ID DOUBLE-INTEGRATOR DYNAMICS; NETWORKED CONTROL-SYSTEMS; MULTIAGENT SYSTEMS; AVERAGE CONSENSUS; DELAYS AB This note studies event-triggered control of Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) with first-order integrator dynamics. It extends previous work on event-triggered consensus by considering limited communication capabilities through strict peer-to-peer non-continuous information exchange. The approach provides both a decentralised control law and a decentralised communication policy. Communication events require no global information and are based only on local state errors; agents do not require a global sampling period or synchronous broadcasting as in sampled-data approaches. The proposed decentralised event-triggered control technique guarantees that the inter-event times for each agent are strictly positive. Finally, the ideas in this note are used to consider the practical scenario where agents are able to exchange only quantised measurements of their states. C1 [Garcia, Eloy] Infoscitex Corp, Dayton, OH USA. [Cao, Yongcan; Casbeer, David] Air Force Res Lab, Control Sci Ctr Excellence, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Yu, Han; Antsaklis, Panos] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Elect Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Garcia, E (reprint author), Infoscitex Corp, Dayton, OH USA. EM elgarcia@infoscitex.com OI Cao, Yongcan/0000-0003-3383-0185 FU Infoscitex Corporation [FA8650-09-D-3900 0004] FX This material is published by permission of the US Air Force Research Laboratory. The work was performed by the contractor: Infoscitex Corporation, under Contract No. FA8650-09-D-3900 0004. The US Government retains for itself, and others acting on its behalf, a paid-up, non-exclusive, and irrevocable worldwide license in said article to reproduce, prepare derivative works, distribute copies to the public, and perform publicly and display publicly, by or on behalf of the Government. NR 19 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 35 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0020-7179 J9 INT J CONTROL JI Int. J. Control PD SEP 1 PY 2013 VL 86 IS 9 BP 1479 EP 1488 DI 10.1080/00207179.2013.787647 PG 10 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA 203YZ UT WOS:000323332300004 ER PT J AU Alway-Cooper, RM Theodore, M Anderson, DP Ogale, AA AF Alway-Cooper, Rebecca M. Theodore, Merlin Anderson, David P. Ogale, Amod A. TI Transient heat flow in unidirectional fiber-polymer composites during laser flash analysis: Experimental measurements and finite element modeling SO JOURNAL OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Carbon fiber; thermal conductivity; finite element analysis; laser flash analysis ID THERMAL-DIFFUSIVITY MEASUREMENTS; GRAPHITIC CARBON FOAMS; CONDUCTIVITY; RESISTANCE AB Laser flash analysis (LFA), an unsteady-state technique originally developed for measuring the thermal diffusivity of homogenous materials, was used to estimate the thermal conductivity of carbon fibers consolidated in an epoxy matrix to form axially aligned unidirectional composites. Experimental studies were conducted for P-25 and K-1100 mesophase pitch-based carbon fibers whose conductivity values bracket almost two orders of magnitude (approximate to 10 and 1000W/mK). Experimentally determined fiber thermal conductivity values were generally consistent with those cited in the literature after appropriate corrections were applied to account for the extremely high conductivity (low thermal resistance) of highly graphitic fibers, relative to the graphite coating. Finite element analysis was used to simulate heat flow patterns that may occur in a uniaxial fiber-polymer composite due to the large differences in the thermal conductivities of carbon fibers and polymer matrices. Simulations reveal that fiber thermal conductivity is accurately determined from composite response for high volume fraction of fibers (0.6) regardless of fiber conductivity, or for lower conductivity fibers (10-100W/mK) regardless of volume fractions. However, for composites containing high thermal conductivity fibers (100-1000W/mK) at low volume fractions (0.2), fiber thermal conductivity may not be accurately determined due to transverse heat flow within the graphite layers that channel heat through the highly conductive fiber. Thus, under certain conditions, heat flow paths deviate from the one-dimensional heat flow assumption inherent to laser flash analysis and rule-of-mixtures. C1 [Alway-Cooper, Rebecca M.; Ogale, Amod A.] Clemson Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Alway-Cooper, Rebecca M.; Ogale, Amod A.] Clemson Univ, Ctr Adv Engn Fibers & Films, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Theodore, Merlin; Anderson, David P.] Air Force Res Lab, AFRL RX, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Theodore, Merlin] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH USA. [Anderson, David P.] Univ Dayton Res Inst, Dayton, OH USA. RP Ogale, AA (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Chem Engn, 127 Earle Hall, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM ogale@clemson.edu FU US Air Force [FA8650-05-D-5052, FA8650-10-D-5011, F33615-03-D-5801] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge funding for this work by the US Air Force via contract numbers FA8650-05-D-5052, FA8650-10-D-5011 and F33615-03-D-5801. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 22 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0021-9983 J9 J COMPOS MATER JI J. Compos Mater. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 47 IS 19 BP 2399 EP 2411 DI 10.1177/0021998312458130 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 197WG UT WOS:000322882400009 ER PT J AU Walsh, MM Einstein, EH Gluck, KA AF Walsh, Matthew M. Einstein, Evan H. Gluck, Kevin A. TI A quantification of robustness SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN MEMORY AND COGNITION LA English DT Article DE Robustness; Decision-making; Cognitive systems; Quantification AB Robustness is an important construct in domains as diverse as evolutionary biology, structural engineering, and decision-making. Unfortunately, in many domains, most relevantly cognitive science, considerations of robustness end with vague semantic references. Little attention is paid to formal analysis. The aim of this paper is to initiate a discussion in the scientific community regarding methods for quantifying and analyzing robustness. To this end, we propose a means for assessing robustness that may supplant the current ambiguous use of the term. We demonstrate our quantitative approach using examples of heuristic-based decision processes, selected due to their explicit association with robustness in the psychological literature. These examples serve to illustrate basic properties of our general methodology for quantifying robustness. (C) 2013 Society for Applied Research in Memory and Cognition. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Walsh, Matthew M.; Gluck, Kevin A.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Einstein, Evan H.] Vassar Coll, Program Cognit Sci, Poughkeepsie, NY 12601 USA. RP Walsh, MM (reprint author), 711 HPW RHAC, Cognit Models & Agents Branch, 2620 Q St,Bldg 852, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM mmw188@gmail.com FU National Research Council Research Associateship Award; U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory's Cognitive Models and Agents Branch FX This research was performed while Matthew Walsh held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award with the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory's Cognitive Models and Agents Branch and while Evan Einstein held an appointment to the Student Research Participation Program at the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Warfighter Readiness Research Division, Cognitive Models and Agents Branch. The Student Research Participation Program was administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and USAFRL. The authors thank Ron Fisher, Jeremy Knopp, Julian Marewski, John Salerno, John Wixted, Daniel Wright, and an anonymous reviewer for constructive feedback on earlier drafts of this paper. NR 73 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 2211-3681 EI 2211-369X J9 J APPL RES MEM COGN JI J. Appl. Res. Mem. Cogn. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 2 IS 3 BP 137 EP 148 DI 10.1016/j.jarmac.2013.07.002 PG 12 WC Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA V38TK UT WOS:000209365500001 ER PT J AU Chao, SY Zarzabal, LA Walker, SM Herzog, CM Eilerman, PA Luce, BK Carnahan, DH AF Chao, Susan Y. Zarzabal, Lee A. Walker, Sandra M. Herzog, Catherine M. Eilerman, Patricia A. Luce, Beverly K. Carnahan, David H. TI Estimating Diabetes Prevalence in the Military Health System Population From 2006 to 2010 SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; US MILITARY; ADMINISTRATIVE DATA; VETERANS; DEPLOYMENT; SPOUSES; RETIREES; FAMILIES; BURDEN AB Evidence-based articles have demonstrated an increase in diabetes prevalence, but diabetes prevalence in the enrolled Military Health System population was previously understudied. Variability in diabetes prevalence rates calculated from 5 groups of algorithms was examined in the Military Health System population (3 million enrollees per year) from fiscal years 2006 to 2010. Time trend analysis and rate comparisons to the U.S. population were also performed. Increasing linear trends in diabetes prevalence from 2006 to 2010 were seen in all algorithms, though considerable rate variation was observed within each study year. Prevalence increased with age, except for a slight decrease in those >= 75 years. Overall diagnosed diabetes prevalence ranged from 7.26% to 11.22% in 2006 and from 8.29% to 13.55% in 2010. Prevalence among active duty members remained stable, but a significant upward trend was observed among nonactive duty members across study years. Age-standardized rates among nonactive duty females were higher than the U.S. population rates from 2006 to 2010. This study demonstrates prevalence rate variability because of differing case algorithms and shows evidence of a growing diabetes population in the Military Health System, specifically within the nonactive duty 45 years and older demographic groups. Further research of this population should focus on validation of case definitions. C1 [Chao, Susan Y.; Zarzabal, Lee A.; Walker, Sandra M.; Herzog, Catherine M.; Eilerman, Patricia A.; Luce, Beverly K.; Carnahan, David H.] US Air Force, Healthcare Informat Div, Med Support Agcy, San Antonio, TX 78226 USA. [Zarzabal, Lee A.] US Air Force, San Antonio, TX 78226 USA. RP Chao, SY (reprint author), US Air Force, Healthcare Informat Div, Med Support Agcy, 3515 S Gen McMullen Suite 200, San Antonio, TX 78226 USA. FU Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health Affairs; Air Force Surgeon General's Office FX The MHSRS is sponsored by the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health Affairs to include the participation of the U.S. Army and Navy Medical Research Programs and the Air Force Surgeon General's Office. NR 38 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 EI 1930-613X J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 178 IS 9 BP 986 EP 993 DI 10.7205/MILMED-D-13-00147 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA AN7UC UT WOS:000340805500015 PM 24005548 ER PT J AU Rodgers, SM Myers, CW Ball, J Freiman, MD AF Rodgers, Stuart M. Myers, Christopher W. Ball, Jerry Freiman, Mary D. TI Toward a situation model in a cognitive architecture SO COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL ORGANIZATION THEORY LA English DT Article DE Synthetic teammate; Situation model; Mental model; Language comprehension; Language generation; Knowledge representation; Computational cognitive model ID LANGUAGE COMPREHENSION; WORKING-MEMORY AB The ability to coherently represent information that is situationally relevant is vitally important to perform any complex task, especially when that task involves coordinating with team members. This paper introduces an approach to dynamically represent situation information within the ACT-R cognitive architecture in the context of a synthetic teammate project. The situation model represents the synthetic teammate's mental model of the objects, events, actions, and relationships encountered in a complex task simulation. The situation model grounds textual information from the language analysis component into knowledge usable by the agent-environment interaction component. The situation model is a key component of the synthetic teammate as it provides the primary interface between arguably distinct cognitive processes modeled within the synthetic teammate (e.g., language processing and interactions with the task environment). This work has provided some evidence that reasoning about complex situations requires more than simple mental representations and requires mental processes involving multiple steps. Additionally, the work has revealed an initial method for reasoning across the various dimensions of situations. One purpose of the research is to demonstrate that this approach to implementing a situation model provides a robust capability to handle tasks in which an agent must construct a mental model from textual information, reason about complex relationships between objects, events, and actions in its environment, and appropriately communicate with task participants using natural language. In this paper we describe an approach for modeling situationally relevant information, provide a detailed example, discuss challenges faced, and present research plans for the situation model. C1 [Rodgers, Stuart M.] AGS Analyt LLC, Dayton, OH 45475 USA. [Myers, Christopher W.; Ball, Jerry] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Freiman, Mary D.] L 3 Commun Corp, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Rodgers, SM (reprint author), AGS Analyt LLC, Dayton, OH 45475 USA. EM stu@agsanalytics.com; christopher.myers2@wpafb.af.mil; jerry.ball@wpafb.af.mil; mary.freiman.ctr@wpafb.af.mil NR 54 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1381-298X J9 COMPUT MATH ORGAN TH JI Comput. Math. Organ. Theory PD SEP PY 2013 VL 19 IS 3 SI SI BP 313 EP 345 DI 10.1007/s10588-012-9134-x PG 33 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Computer Science; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 195QN UT WOS:000322718800003 ER PT J AU Clark, MD Leever, BJ AF Clark, Michael D. Leever, Benjamin J. TI Analysis of ITO cleaning protocol on surface properties and polymer: Fullerene bulk heterojunction solar cell performance SO SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS LA English DT Article DE Indium tin oxide; Substrate cleaning; UV-ozone; Surface energy; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; Organic electronics ID INDIUM-TIN-OXIDE; LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; ORGANIC PHOTOVOLTAIC DEVICES; PLASMA TREATMENT; PEDOTPSS LAYER; IMPROVEMENT; EFFICIENCY; ANODES; ENERGY; STATE AB In the traditional organic solar cell architecture, indium tin oxide (ITO) serves as the transparent electrode and substrate for solution-cast device layers. Hydrophobic contaminants are known to modify ITO wettability and other properties, making selection of an effective cleaning scheme essential. In this work, we demonstrate that certain solvent-based routines provide essentially equivalent surface properties as coupled solvent+UV-ozone protocols reported in literature. Surface energy analysis further reveals that solvent selection can effectively tune ITO charge transport. Fabricated devices showed comparable performance, indicating that interfacial resistances are not limiting factors in the model OSC system and that UV-ozone exposure could be eliminated to reduce commercialization costs. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Clark, Michael D.; Leever, Benjamin J.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Leever, BJ (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Benjamin.Leever@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX This work benefited from the collective characterization equipment available at the Air Force Research Laboratory's Materials Characterization Facility. Funding was provided by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 30 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 69 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-0248 EI 1879-3398 J9 SOL ENERG MAT SOL C JI Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells PD SEP PY 2013 VL 116 BP 270 EP 274 DI 10.1016/j.solmat.2013.05.010 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA 191PP UT WOS:000322425400034 ER PT J AU Chiappe, D Conger, M Liao, J Caldwell, JL Vu, KPL AF Chiappe, Dan Conger, Mark Liao, Janet Caldwell, J. Lynn Vu, Kim-Phuong L. TI Improving Multi-tasking Ability Through Action Videogames (vol 44, pg 278, 2013) SO APPLIED ERGONOMICS LA English DT Correction C1 [Chiappe, Dan; Liao, Janet; Vu, Kim-Phuong L.] Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Psychol, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. [Caldwell, J. Lynn] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Conger, Mark] Northrop Grumman Corp, Adv Programs & Technol, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. RP Chiappe, D (reprint author), Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Psychol, 1250 N Bellflower Blvd, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. EM dan.chiappe@csulb.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0003-6870 J9 APPL ERGON JI Appl. Ergon. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 44 IS 5 BP 850 EP 850 DI 10.1016/j.apergo.2013.01.005 PG 1 WC Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied SC Engineering; Psychology GA 171EI UT WOS:000320907500023 ER PT J AU Yin, ZY Montello, A Carter, CD Lempert, WR Adamovich, IV AF Yin, Zhiyao Montello, Aaron Carter, Campbell D. Lempert, Walter R. Adamovich, Igor V. TI Measurements of temperature and hydroxyl radical generation/decay in lean fuel-air mixtures excited by a repetitively pulsed nanosecond discharge SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE Plasma assisted combustion; Nanosecond pulse discharge; Low temperature plasmas; Laser Induced Fluorescence; Kinetic modeling ID DIFFUSION FLAME EXTINCTION; RAYLEIGH-SCATTERING; PLASMA-DISCHARGE; TRANSIENT PLASMA; IGNITION; OH; METHANE; STABILIZATION; COMBUSTION; MECHANISM AB OH Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF) and picosecond (ps), broadband Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Spectroscopy (CARS) are used for time-resolved temperature and time-resolved, absolute OH number density measurements in lean H-2-air, CH4-air, C2H4-air, and C3H8-air mixtures in a nanosecond (ns) pulse discharge cell/plasma flow reactor. The premixed fuel-air flow in the reactor, initially at T-0 = 500 K and P = 100 torr, is excited by a repetitive ns pulse discharge in a plane-to-plane geometry (peak voltage 28 kV, discharge gap 10 mm, estimated pulse energy 1.25 mJ/pulse), operated in burst mode at 10 kHz pulse repetition rate. In most measurements, burst duration is limited to 50 pulses, to preclude plasma-assisted ignition. The discharge uniformity in air and fuel-air flows is verified using sub-ns-gated images (employing an intensified charge-coupled device camera). Temperatures measured at the end of the discharge burst are in the range of T = 550-600 K, using both OH LIF and CARS, and remain essentially unchanged for up to 10 ms after the burst. Time-resolved temperature measured by CARS during plasma-assisted ignition of H-2-air is in good agreement with kinetic model predictions. Based on CARS measurement, vibrational nonequilibrium is not a significant factor at the present conditions. Time-resolved, absolute OH number density, measured after the discharge burst, demonstrates that OH concentration in C2H4-air, C3H8-air, and CH4 is highest in lean mixtures. In H-2-air, OH concentration is nearly independent of the equivalence ratio. In C2H4-air and C3H8-air, unlike in CH4-air and in H-2-air, transient OH-concentration overshoot after the discharge is detected. In C2H4-air and C3H8-air, OH decays after the discharge on the time scale of similar to 0.02-0.1 ms, suggesting little accumulation during the burst of pulses repeated at 10 kHz. In CH4-air and H-2-air, OH concentration decays within similar to 0.1-1.0 ms and similar to 0.5-1.0 ms, respectively, showing that it may accumulate during the burst. The experimental results are compared with kinetic modeling calculations using plasma/fuel chemistry model employing several H-2-air and hydrocarbon-air chemistry mechanisms. Kinetic mechanisms for H-2-air, CH4-air, and C2H4-air developed by A. Konnov provide the best overall agreement with OH measurements. In C3H8-air, none of the hydrocarbon chemistry mechanisms agrees well with the data. The results show the need for development of an accurate, predictive low-temperature plasma chemistry/fuel chemistry kinetic model applicable to fuels C-3 and higher. (c) 2013 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Yin, Zhiyao; Montello, Aaron; Lempert, Walter R.; Adamovich, Igor V.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Michael A Chaszeyka Nonequilibrium Thermodynam La, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Carter, Campbell D.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Yin, ZY (reprint author), W090 Scott Lab, 201 W 19th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM yin.67@osu.edu RI Adamovich, Igor/E-6172-2014; OI Adamovich, Igor/0000-0001-6311-3940; Yin, Zhiyao/0000-0001-5141-1967 FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research MURI "Fundamental Aspects of Plasma Assisted Combustion" Chiping Li - Technical Monitor FX This work is supported by the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research MURI "Fundamental Aspects of Plasma Assisted Combustion" Chiping Li - Technical Monitor. NR 39 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 70 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD SEP PY 2013 VL 160 IS 9 BP 1594 EP 1608 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2013.03.015 PG 15 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 175MK UT WOS:000321234600006 ER PT J AU Abboud, JE Jiang, NB Zhang, ZL Roy, S Gord, JR AF Abboud, Jacques E. Jiang, Naibo Zhang, Zhili Roy, Sukesh Gord, James R. TI Spatial and temporal control of on-demand propane-air flame ignition by active photothermal effect of aluminum nanoenergetics SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE Ignition; Active photothermal; Plasmon resonance; On-demand ID MIXTURES; OXYGEN AB Active photothermal effects of aluminum nanoenergetics are demonstrated to control spatially and temporally the ignition of propane/air flames. High-speed chemiluminescence images of hydroxyl (OH*) and methylidyne (CH*) radicals and aluminum oxide (AlO) are employed to confirm the local flame ignition and propagation by activation of the nanoenergetics through the use of a single exposure from a xenon flash lamp. The photothermal effects of the nanoenergetics can efficiently activate the localized exothermal aluminum oxidation reactions, leading to sequential flame ignition. Most of the energy required for ignition is provided by the oxidation reaction of the aluminum nanoparticles such that the photothermal MIE (Minimum Ignition Energy) is at least 67 times less than that from regular spark ignition. (C) 2013 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Abboud, Jacques E.; Zhang, Zhili] Univ Tennessee, Mech Aerosp & Biomed Engn Dept, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Jiang, Naibo; Roy, Sukesh] Spectral Energies LLC, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Gord, James R.] Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Zhang, ZL (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Mech Aerosp & Biomed Engn Dept, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM zzhang24@utk.edu RI Zhang, Zhili/F-1305-2010 OI Zhang, Zhili/0000-0002-0831-0471 FU NSF [CBET-1032523]; Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-10-C-2008]; ASEE Air Force Summer Faculty Fellowship FX We acknowledge encouragement and support from the AFOSR program manager, Dr. Chiping Li. The work at the University of Tennessee Knoxville was supported by NSF CBET-1032523. Funding for Spectral Energies is provided by the Air Force Research Laboratory under Contract No. FA8650-10-C-2008. Zhili Zhang was partially supported by an ASEE Air Force Summer Faculty Fellowship. This manuscript has been cleared for public release (Case No. 88ABW-2012-6214). NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD SEP PY 2013 VL 160 IS 9 BP 1842 EP 1847 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2013.03.007 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 175MK UT WOS:000321234600028 ER PT J AU Moore, LR Gunzelmann, G AF Moore, L. Richard, Jr. Gunzelmann, Glenn TI Task artifacts and strategic adaptation in the change signal task SO COGNITIVE SYSTEMS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ACT-R; Change signal; Two-alternative forced-choice; Cognitive model ID COGNITION AB The change signal task is a variant of a two-alternative forced-choice (2AFC) task where the initial stimulus is superseded with the alternative stimulus (the change signal) at a delay on a proportion of trials. Taking advantage of the overlap in task requirements, we present a single model that can perform both tasks, and we validate the model using the empirical data from participants who performed them sequentially. The results confirmed the existence of a dynamic hedging strategy in the change signal task, and provided evidence against a role for cognitive fatigue in producing the slower response times with increased time on task. When fitting the 2AFC task, the model required adjustment to one architectural parameter while the rest were left to defaults. That parameter was then constrained while fitting the remaining three task-specific parameters for the change signal task. This effectively reduced a degree of freedom in the model fitting process, and increased confidence in the model as it closely matched human performance in multiple tasks. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Moore, L. Richard, Jr.] L3 Commun, Mesa, AZ 85212 USA. [Gunzelmann, Glenn] USAF, Cognit Models & Agents Branch, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45434 USA. RP Moore, LR (reprint author), L3 Commun, 5950 East Sossaman Rd,Suite 121, Mesa, AZ 85212 USA. EM larry.moore@L-3com.com FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [10RH04COR] FX The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense, the US Government, or L3 Communications. This research was sponsored by Air Force Office of Scientific Research grant 10RH04COR. The results described here were originally presented at the 11th International Conference on Cognitive Modeling in Berlin, Germany (Moore, Gunzelmann, & Daigle, 2012). NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1389-0417 J9 COGN SYST RES JI Cogn. Syst. Res. PD SEP PY 2013 VL 24 BP 35 EP 42 DI 10.1016/j.cogsys.2012.12.001 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Neurosciences; Psychology, Experimental SC Computer Science; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA 114NZ UT WOS:000316749800006 ER PT J AU Bright, TJ Watjen, JI Zhang, ZM Muratore, C Voevodin, AA Koukis, DI Tanner, DB Arenas, DJ AF Bright, T. J. Watjen, J. I. Zhang, Z. M. Muratore, C. Voevodin, A. A. Koukis, D. I. Tanner, D. B. Arenas, D. J. TI Infrared optical properties of amorphous and nanocrystalline Ta2O5 thin films SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TANTALUM OXIDE-FILMS; SPECTROSCOPIC ELLIPSOMETRY; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; SPECTRAL REGION; HEAT-TREATMENT; COATINGS; PENTOXIDE; SILICON; SI; TEMPERATURE AB The optical constants of tantalum pentoxide (Ta2O5) are determined in a broad spectral region from the visible to the far infrared. Ta2O5 films of various thicknesses from approximately 170 to 1600 nm are deposited using reactive magnetron sputtering on Si substrates. X-ray diffraction shows that the as-deposited films are amorphous, and annealing in air at 800 degrees C results in the formation of nanocrystalline Ta2O5. Ellipsometry is used to obtain the dispersion in the visible and near-infrared. Two Fourier-transform infrared spectrometers are used to measure the transmittance and reflectance at wavelengths from 1 to 1000 mu m. The surface topography and microstructure of the samples are examined using atomic force microscopy, confocal microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Classical Lorentz oscillators are employed to model the absorption bands due to phonons and impurities. A simple model is introduced to account for light scattering in the annealed films, which contain micro-cracks. For the unannealed samples, an effective-medium approximation is used to take into account the adsorbed moisture in the film and a Drude free-electron term is also added to model the broad background absorption. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Bright, T. J.; Watjen, J. I.; Zhang, Z. M.] Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Muratore, C.; Voevodin, A. A.] Air Force Res Lab, Nanoelect Mat Branch, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Muratore, C.] Univ Dayton, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Koukis, D. I.; Tanner, D. B.] Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Arenas, D. J.] Univ N Florida, Dept Phys, Jacksonville, FL 32254 USA. RP Bright, TJ (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM zhuomin.zhang@me.gatech.edu RI Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013 FU Air Force Research Laboratory Thermal Metamaterials Program; Department of Energy [DE-FG02-06ER46343] FX This work was mainly sponsored by the Air Force Research Laboratory Thermal Metamaterials Program. Additional support was provided to Z. M. Zhang's group (for the modeling effort) from the Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-FG02-06ER46343. We would also like to thank Michael Jespersen of UDRI/AFRL for help with the XPS analysis. NR 45 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 30 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 28 PY 2013 VL 114 IS 8 AR 083515 DI 10.1063/1.4819325 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 211MD UT WOS:000323911100034 ER PT J AU Schwalbach, EJ Warren, JA Wu, KA Voorhees, PW AF Schwalbach, Edwin J. Warren, James A. Wu, Kuo-An Voorhees, Peter W. TI Phase-field crystal model with a vapor phase SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID X-RAY REFLECTIVITY; LIQUID GALLIUM; SURFACE; SIMULATION; RELAXATION; GROWTH; METAL; AL; INTERFACE; ENERGY AB Phase-field crystal (PFC) models are able to resolve atomic length scale features of materials during temporal evolution over diffusive time scales. Traditional PFC models contain solid and liquid phases, however many important materials processing phenomena involve a vapor phase as well. In this work, we add a vapor phase to an existing PFC model and show realistic interfacial phenomena near the triple point temperature. For example, the PFC model exhibits density oscillations at liquid-vapor interfaces that compare favorably to data available for interfaces in metallic systems from both experiment and molecular-dynamics simulations. We also quantify the anisotropic solid-vapor surface energy for a two-dimensional PFC hexagonal crystal and find well-defined step energies from measurements on the faceted interfaces. Additionally, the strain field beneath a stepped interface is characterized and shown to qualitatively reproduce predictions from continuum models, simulations, and experimental data. Finally, we examine the dynamic case of step-flow growth of a crystal into a supersaturated vapor phase. The ability to model such a wide range of surface and bulk defects makes this PFC model a useful tool to study processing techniques such as chemical vapor deposition or vapor-liquid-solid growth of nanowires. C1 [Schwalbach, Edwin J.; Warren, James A.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wu, Kuo-An] Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Phys, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan. [Voorhees, Peter W.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Voorhees, Peter W.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Engn Sci & Appl Math, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Schwalbach, EJ (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM eddie.schwalbach@gmail.com; kuoan@phys.nthu.edu.tw RI Voorhees, Peter /B-6700-2009 FU National Science Council of Taiwan [NSC100-2112-M-007-001-MY2]; NSF [DMR 1105409] FX The authors acknowledge helpful conversations with K. Thornton and K. R. Elder. Additionally, E. J. S. acknowledges helpful conversations with Z. T. Trautt and Y. Mishin, as well as K. S. McReynolds. K.-A. W. gratefully acknowledges the support of the National Science Council of Taiwan (NSC100-2112-M-007-001-MY2). P. W. V. is grateful for the financial support of NSF under Contract No. DMR 1105409. NR 47 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 34 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD AUG 27 PY 2013 VL 88 IS 2 AR 023306 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.88.023306 PG 14 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 207OE UT WOS:000323610300009 PM 24032965 ER PT J AU Mathger, LM Senft, SL Gao, M Karaveli, S Bell, GRR Zia, R Kuzirian, AM Dennis, PB Crookes-Goodson, WJ Naik, RR Kattawar, GW Hanlon, RT AF Maethger, Lydia M. Senft, Stephen L. Gao, Meng Karaveli, Sinan Bell, George R. R. Zia, Rashid Kuzirian, Alan M. Dennis, Patrick B. Crookes-Goodson, Wendy J. Naik, Rajesh R. Kattawar, George W. Hanlon, Roger T. TI Bright White Scattering from Protein Spheres in Color Changing, Flexible Cuttlefish Skin SO ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE leucophores; Sepia officinalis; biophotonics; Lambertian reflectors; reflectin ID STRUCTURAL COLORATION; VIDEO MICROSCOPY; BEETLE SCALES; SQUID; MECHANISMS; LIGHT; CHROMATOPHORES; REFLECTANCE; IRIDOPHORES; CEPHALOPODS AB Throughout nature, elegant biophotonic structures have evolved into sophisticated arrangements of pigments and structural reflectors that manipulate light in the skin, cuticles, feathers and fur of animals. Not many spherical biophotonic structures are known and those described are often angle dependent or spectrally tuned. White light scattering by the flexible skin of cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) is examined and how the unique structure and composition of leucophore cells serve as physiologically passive reflectors approximating the optical properties of a broadband Lambertian surface is investigated. Leucophores are cells that contain thousands of spherical microparticles called leucosomes that consist of sulfated glycoproteins or proteoglycans and reflectin. A leucophore containing approximate to 12 000 leucosome microspheres is characterized three-dimensionally by electron microscopy and the average refractive index of individual leucosomes is measured by holographic microscopy to be 1.51 +/- 0.02. Modeling of the ultrastructural data and spectral measurements with Lorenz-Mie theory and Monte Carlo simulations suggest that leucophore whiteness is produced by incoherent scattering based upon a randomly ordered system. These soft, compliant, glycosylated proteinacious spheres may provide a template for bio-inspired approaches to efficient light scattering in materials science and optical engineering. C1 [Maethger, Lydia M.; Senft, Stephen L.; Bell, George R. R.; Kuzirian, Alan M.; Hanlon, Roger T.] Marine Biol Lab, Program Sensory Physiol & Behav, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Gao, Meng; Kattawar, George W.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Inst Quantum Sci & Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Karaveli, Sinan; Zia, Rashid] Brown Univ, Sch Engn, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Dennis, Patrick B.; Crookes-Goodson, Wendy J.; Naik, Rajesh R.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Soft Matter Mat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Hanlon, Roger T.] Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RP Mathger, LM (reprint author), Marine Biol Lab, Program Sensory Physiol & Behav, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM lmathger@mbl.edu RI Zia, Rashid/A-1153-2008; Hanlon, Roger/Q-8687-2016 OI Zia, Rashid/0000-0002-2742-5186; Hanlon, Roger/0000-0003-0004-5674 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [FA9550-09-0346]; Office of Naval Research (ONR BRC) [N00014-10-1-0989]; Office of Naval Research (ONR MURI) [N00014-09-1-1054]; Defense Advanced Research Project Agency (DARPA DSO) [W911NF-10-1-0113]; Army Research Laboratory (ARL) [W911NF-09-2-0043]; National Science Foundation [OCE-1130906] FX The authors are grateful for primary funding from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR grant FA9550-09-0346) and the Office of Naval Research (ONR BRC grant N00014-10-1-0989 to RTH and ONR MURI grant N00014-09-1-1054 to GK). Additional funding was provided to MBL authors by the Defense Advanced Research Project Agency (DARPA DSO grant W911NF-10-1-0113), and Army Research Laboratory (ARL grant W911NF-09-2-0043), and to GK by National Science Foundation (OCE-1130906). The authors thank Elizabeth Kripke for the 3D rendering of the leucophore in Figure 3 C, Dr. John B. Messenger for initial physiology experiments, and Mr. Joel Mancuso at Gatan, Inc. for generating the serial block-face scanning electron microscopy images. They also thank Dr. Jason Heikenfeld (Univ. of Cincinnati) for helpful discussions, Dr. Margaret McFall-Ngai (Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison) for the anti-reflectin antibody, and Professor Kenneth Greis (Univ. of Cincinnati) for mass spectrometry analyses. NR 50 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 10 U2 63 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1616-301X EI 1616-3028 J9 ADV FUNCT MATER JI Adv. Funct. Mater. PD AUG 26 PY 2013 VL 23 IS 32 BP 3980 EP 3989 DI 10.1002/adfm.201203705 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 258XI UT WOS:000327491600005 ER PT J AU Kim, WJ Cho, MJ Seo, J Bartsch, CM Grote, J Prasad, PN AF Kim, Won Jin Cho, Min Ju Seo, Jangwon Bartsch, Carrie M. Grote, James Prasad, Paras N. TI Nanocomposite approaches for enhancing the DC and photoconductivity of DNA films SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; BEARING CARBAZOLE; TRANSPORT; COMPLEXES; MOLECULES; POLYMERS; MOIETIES; BASE AB Enhanced DC conductivity and photoconductivity of cationic carbazole tethered deoxyribonucleic acid (Cz-DNA) in film devices is achieved by incorporating mobility enhancers. An anthracene-based organic semiconductor (namely 4HPA-Ant) and the inorganic semiconductor cadmium sulfide (CdS) multipod nanocrystal (NC) were used as the mobility enhancers. Space charge limited current (SCLC) experiments show that hole mobility in CdS: Cz-DNA composite film is improved significantly, by about an order of magnitude, compared to the Cz-DNA film. Similarly, the DC conductivity of the composite film is slightly enhanced by 4HPA-Ant. The photoconductivity is also improved in the Cz-DNA composite, with both 4HPA-Ant and CdS multipod NCs. The enhancement in photocurrent is by more than an order of magnitude, as demonstrated by current-voltage (I-V) characterization using DNA composite photodetectors. C1 [Kim, Won Jin; Prasad, Paras N.] SUNY Buffalo, Inst Lasers Photon & Biophoton, Dept Chem, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Cho, Min Ju] Korea Univ, Res Inst Nat Sci, Dept Chem, Seoul 136701, South Korea. [Seo, Jangwon] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Seoul 151744, South Korea. [Bartsch, Carrie M.; Grote, James] Mat & Mfg Directorate AFRL RX, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Bartsch, Carrie M.; Grote, James] Devices Sensing Branch AFRL RYDD, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Prasad, PN (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Inst Lasers Photon & Biophoton, 428 Nat Sci Complex, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM pnprasad@buffalo.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate [11-T5690-05-C1] FX This work was supported in part by a grant from the Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate (No. 11-T5690-05-C1). NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 16 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 EI 1361-6528 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD AUG 23 PY 2013 VL 24 IS 33 AR 335203 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/24/33/335203 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 190XU UT WOS:000322377600004 PM 23897030 ER PT J AU Jeon, S Haley, J Flikkema, J Nalla, V Wang, M Sfeir, M Tan, LS Cooper, T Ji, W Hamblin, MR Chiang, LY AF Jeon, Seaho Haley, Joy Flikkema, Jonathan Nalla, Venkatram Wang, Min Sfeir, Matthew Tan, Loon-Seng Cooper, Thomas Ji, Wei Hamblin, Michael R. Chiang, Long Y. TI Linear and Nonlinear Optical Properties of Photoresponsive [60]Fullerene Hybrid Triads and Tetrads with Dual NIR Two-Photon Absorption Characteristics SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID C-60-DIPHENYLAMINOFLUORENE DYAD; LIMITING PROPERTIES; ENERGY-TRANSFER; C-60; ENHANCEMENT; DIPHENYLAMINOFLUORENE; FULLERENES; MECHANISM; DEVICES AB Two C-60-(antenna)(x) analogous compounds having branched hybrid triad C-60(>DPAF-C-18)(>CPAF-C-2M) and tetrad C-60(>DPAF-C-18) (>CPAF-C-2M)(2) nanostructures were synthesized and characterized. The structural design was intended to facilitate the ultrafast femtosecond intramolecular energy transfer from photoexcited C-60[>(1)(DPAF)*-C-18](>CPAF-C-2M)(1 or 2) or C-60(>DPAF-C-18)[>(1)(CPAF)*-C-2M](1 or 2) to the C-60> cage moiety upon two-photon pumping at either 780 or 980 nm, respectively. The latter nanostructure showed approximately equal extinction coefficients of optical absorption over 400-550 nm that corresponds to near-IR two-photon-based excitation wavelengths at 780-1100 nm for broadband nonlinear optical (NLO) applications. Aside from their enhanced two-photon absorption (2PA) activity at 780 nm, we also demonstrated ultrafast photoresponses at 980 nm showing 2PA cross-section (sigma(2)) values of 995-1100 GM for the hybrid tetrad. These sigma(2) values were correlated to the observed good efficiency in reducing femtosecond light-transmittance down to 3596 at the light intensity of 110 GW/cm(2). Accordingly, 2PA characteristics of these nanostructures at multiple NIR wavelengths provided support for their suitability in uses as broadband NLO nanomaterials at 600-1100 nm that includes the 2PA ability of two antenna, DPAF (700-850 nm) and CPAF (850-1100 nm), and the fullerene cage at shorter wavelengths (600-700 nm). C1 [Jeon, Seaho; Wang, Min; Chiang, Long Y.] Univ Massachusetts, Inst Nanosci & Engn Technol, Dept Chem, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. [Haley, Joy; Flikkema, Jonathan; Tan, Loon-Seng; Cooper, Thomas] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Flikkema, Jonathan] Southwestern Ohio Council Higher Educ, Dayton, OH 45420 USA. [Nalla, Venkatram; Ji, Wei] Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Phys, Singapore 117542, Singapore. [Sfeir, Matthew] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Hamblin, Michael R.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Dermatol, Wellman Ctr Photomed,Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Hamblin, Michael R.] MIT, Harvard Mit Div Hlth Sci & Technol, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Chiang, LY (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Inst Nanosci & Engn Technol, Dept Chem, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. EM long_chiang@uml.edu RI Nalla, Venkatram/A-2139-2009; JI, WEI/H-5795-2015; Tan, Loon-Seng/F-6985-2012; OI Nalla, Venkatram/0000-0003-4535-290X; Hamblin, Michael/0000-0001-6431-4605; JI, WEI/0000-0003-0303-0830; Tan, Loon-Seng/0000-0002-2134-9290; Sfeir, Matthew/0000-0001-5619-5722 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [FA9550-09-1-0380, FA9550-09-1-0183]; National Institutes of Health (NIH) [4R01CA137108, R01AI058075]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX We at UML thank the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) under grant numbers FA9550-09-1-0380 and FA9550-09-1-0183 and National Institutes of Health (NIH) under grant number 4R01CA137108 for financial support. M.R.H. was supported by NIH R01AI058075.; Research carried out in part at the Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 37 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 38 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD AUG 22 PY 2013 VL 117 IS 33 BP 17186 EP 17195 DI 10.1021/jp405424q PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 207IW UT WOS:000323593100050 PM 24163713 ER PT J AU McGuire, S Sherman, P Profenna, L Grogan, P Sladky, J Brown, A Robinson, A Rowland, L Hong, E Patel, B Tate, D Kawano, ES Fox, P Kochunov, P AF McGuire, Stephen Sherman, Paul Profenna, Leonardo Grogan, Patrick Sladky, John Brown, Anthony Robinson, Andrew Rowland, Laura Hong, Elliot Patel, Beenish Tate, David Kawano, Elaine S. Fox, Peter Kochunov, Peter TI White matter hyperintensities on MRI in high-altitude U-2 pilots SO NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ASYMPTOMATIC MILITARY DIVERS; DECOMPRESSION-SICKNESS; NEUTROPHIL ACTIVATION; CEREBRAL HEALTH; LESIONS; INDEXES AB Objective: To demonstrate that U-2 pilot occupational exposure to hypobaria leads to increased incidence of white matter hyperintensities (WMH) with a more uniform distribution throughout the brain irrespective of clinical neurologic decompression sickness history. Methods: We evaluated imaging findings in 102 U-2 pilots and 91 controls matched for age, health, and education levels. Three-dimensional, T2-weighted, high-resolution (1-mm isotropic) imaging data were collected using fluid-attenuated inversion recovery sequence on a 3-tesla MRI scanner. Whole-brain and regional WMH volume and number were compared between groups using a 2-tailed Wilcoxon rank sum test. Results: U-2 pilots demonstrated an increase in volume (394%; p = 0.004) and number (295%; p < 0.001) of WMH. Analysis of regional distribution demonstrated WMH more uniformly distributed throughout the brain in U-2 pilots compared with mainly frontal distribution in controls. Conclusion: Pilots with occupational exposure to hypobaria showed a significant increase in WMH lesion volume and number. Unlike the healthy controls with predominantly WMH in the frontal white matter, WMH in pilots were more uniformly distributed throughout the brain. This is consistent with our hypothesized pattern of damage produced by interaction between microemboli and cerebral tissue, leading to thrombosis, coagulation, inflammation, and/or activation of innate immune response, although further studies will be necessary to clarify the pathologic mechanisms responsible. C1 [McGuire, Stephen; Profenna, Leonardo] US Air Force Sch Aerosp Med, Aerosp Med Consultat Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Kawano, Elaine S.] US Air Force Sch Aerosp Med, Airmen Integrat Res Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [McGuire, Stephen; Brown, Anthony; Fox, Peter] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Neurol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Fox, Peter] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Res Imaging Inst, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Sherman, Paul] 59th Med Wing, Dept Neuroradiol, Lackland AFB, TX USA. [McGuire, Stephen; Grogan, Patrick; Sladky, John; Robinson, Andrew] 59th Med Wing, Dept Neurol, Lackland AFB, TX USA. [Rowland, Laura; Hong, Elliot; Patel, Beenish; Kochunov, Peter] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Maryland Psychiat Res Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Tate, David] Henry M Jackson Fdn Adv Mil Sci, San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. RP McGuire, S (reprint author), US Air Force Sch Aerosp Med, Aerosp Med Consultat Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM smcguire@satx.rr.com RI Fox, Peter/B-4725-2010; Tate, David/I-3963-2013 OI Fox, Peter/0000-0002-0465-2028; FU United States Air Force Surgeon General grants [Log I-11-10, I-11-44] FX Supported by United States Air Force Surgeon General grants (Log I-11-10 and I-11-44) to S.M. NR 36 TC 7 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0028-3878 EI 1526-632X J9 NEUROLOGY JI Neurology PD AUG 20 PY 2013 VL 81 IS 8 BP 729 EP 735 PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 304JV UT WOS:000330743800010 PM 23960192 ER PT J AU Wang, JS Ullrich, B Brown, GJ Wai, CM AF Wang, Joanna S. Ullrich, Bruno Brown, Gail J. Wai, Chien M. TI Morphology and energy transfer in PbS quantum dot arrays formed with supercritical fluid deposition SO MATERIALS CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Surfaces; Semiconductors; Thin films; Photoluminescence spectroscopy; Optical properties ID ORDERED ARRAYS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; PARTICLE-SIZE; THIN-FILMS; NANOPARTICLES; NANOCRYSTALS; SOLIDS; GOLD; EMISSION; UNIFORM AB Lead sulfide (PbS) quantum dots (QDs) were synthesized in our lab with controllable and tunable sizes. Supercritical fluid CO2 (sc-CO2) provides a useful tool to deposit PbS QDs on substrate surfaces with lateral uniformity. Either in the PbS/toluene solution or in the sc-CO2 fabricated film, the absorbance maxima of the PbS QDs do not show an obvious dependence on the PbS QD concentrations. Fluorescence spectra of PbS QDs obtained from the films prepared by the sc-CO2 method indicate energy transfer between PbS QDs with different sizes, the small QDs serving as energy donors and large ones as acceptors. Samples formed with sc-CO2 method measured by photoluminescence (PL) show a red-shift and an enhanced emission intensity with respect to samples formed with solution deposition method (SDM), specifically at cryogenic temperatures. (c) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Joanna S.; Ullrich, Bruno; Brown, Gail J.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Ullrich, Bruno] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ciencias Fis, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico. [Wai, Chien M.] Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Wang, JS (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM jswang@uidaho.edu NR 41 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0254-0584 J9 MATER CHEM PHYS JI Mater. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 15 PY 2013 VL 141 IS 1 BP 195 EP 202 DI 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2013.05.003 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 187VN UT WOS:000322149700030 ER PT J AU Jantschner, O Walter, C Muratore, C Voevodin, AA Mitterer, C AF Jantschner, O. Walter, C. Muratore, C. Voevodin, A. A. Mitterer, C. TI V-alloyed ZrO2 coatings with temperature homogenization function for high-temperature sliding contacts SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ZrO2; V2O5; ZrV2O7; Reactive magnetron sputtering; Self-lubrication; Thermal management ID SOLID LUBRICANT COATINGS; SPUTTERED V2O5 FILMS; DIAMOND-LIKE CARBON; TRIBOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR; NANOCOMPOSITE COATINGS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; IN-SITU; FRICTION; WEAR; XPS AB The effect of V additions on reactively magnetron sputtered ZrO2 coatings was investigated with respect to their structural and mechanical properties. Coatings with different V-contents were co-sputtered from Zr and V targets using an Ar + O-2 discharge. The X-ray diffraction patterns show a change from monoclinic (0-2.2 at.% V) to cubic/tetragonal ZrO2 based phase (5.8 at.% V) and finally X-ray amorphous structure at even higher V-content (17.4 at.% V). Hardness and Young's modulus decrease beyond 5.8 at.% V from 17.4 to 7.5 GPa and from 230 to 150 GPa, respectively. At 25 degrees C, the coefficient of friction (COF) is similar to 0.2 for low V-contents and above 0.5 for high V-contents, respectively. Differential scanning calorimetry of powder samples showed a characteristic exothermic peak at similar to 600 degrees C, which is due to the formation of the ZrV2O7 phase. This phase decomposes above 740 degrees C in ZrO2 and liquid V2O5. The latter phase provides a self-lubricious layer in the sliding contact, decreasing the COF below 0.2 at 800 degrees C for V-contents of 17.4 at.%. The endothermic nature of melting of the V2O5 phase is suggested as the basis for thermal management abilities of tribological coatings, where the frictional heat generated in severely loaded sliding contacts and thus local flash temperatures are efficiently reduced. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Jantschner, O.; Walter, C.; Mitterer, C.] Univ Leoben, Dept Phys Met & Mat Testing, A-8700 Leoben, Austria. [Muratore, C.; Voevodin, A. A.] USAF, Res Lab, Thermal Sci & Mat Branch, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Jantschner, O (reprint author), Univ Leoben, Dept Phys Met & Mat Testing, Franz Josef Str 18, A-8700 Leoben, Austria. EM oliver.jantschner@unileoben.ac.at RI Mitterer, Christian/B-4491-2010; Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013 OI Mitterer, Christian/0000-0002-7768-7926; FU European Office for Aerospace Research and Development (EOARD) FX This work was carried out with financial support from the European Office for Aerospace Research and Development (EOARD). The authors would like to thank Dr. Ronald Bakker and Dr. Robert Franz (Montanuniversitat Leoben) for their assistance with Raman spectroscopy. Furthermore, we are grateful to Alexander Fian (JOANNEUM RESEARCH) and Linda Kasten (University of Dayton Research Institute) for the assistance with XPS surface analysis, to Dr. Sophie Primig and Gerald Ressel (Montanuniversitat Leoben) for the assistance with DSC and to Gerhard Hawranek and Peter Imrich for SEM investigations. NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD AUG 15 PY 2013 VL 228 BP 76 EP 83 DI 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2013.04.009 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 183EM UT WOS:000321797100009 ER PT J AU Akdim, B Pachter, R Kim, SS Naik, RR Walsh, TR Trohalaki, S Hong, GY Kuang, ZF Farmer, BL AF Akdim, Brahim Pachter, Ruth Kim, Steve S. Naik, Rajesh R. Walsh, Tiffany R. Trohalaki, Steven Hong, Gongyi Kuang, Zhifeng Farmer, Barry L. TI Electronic Properties of a Graphene Device with Peptide Adsorption: Insight from Simulation SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE field effects transistor; peptide adsorption; single-layer graphene; density functional theory; molecular dynamics; electronic properties ID DISTRIBUTED MULTIPOLE ANALYSIS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; LAYER GRAPHENE; BINDING; FIELD; TRANSISTORS; PARAMETERS; SCATTERING; PROTEINS; ACCURATE AB In this work, to explain doping behavior of single-layer graphene upon HSSYWYAFNNKT (P1) and HSSAAAAFNNKT (P1-3A) adsorption in field-effect transistors (GFETs), we applied a combined computational approach, whereby peptide adsorption was modeled by molecular dynamics simulations, and the lowest energy configuration was confirmed by density functional theory calculations. On the basis of the resulting structures of the hybrid materials, electronic structure and transport calculations were investigated. We demonstrate that pi-pi stacking of the aromatic residues and proximate peptide backbone to the graphene surface in P1 have a role in the p-doping. These results are consistent with our experimental observation of the GFET's p-doping even after a 24-h annealing procedure. Upon substitution of three of the aromatic residues to Ala in (P1-3A), a considerable decrease from p-doping is observed experimentally, demonstrating n-doping as compared to the nonadsorbed device, yet not explained based on the atomistic MD simulation structures. To gain a qualitative understanding of P1-3A's adsorption over a longer simulation time, which may differ from aromatic amino acid residues' swift anchoring on the surface, we analyzed equilibrated coarse-grain simulations performed for 500 ns. Desorption of the Ala residues from the surface was shown computationally, which could in turn affect charge transfer, yet a full explanation of the mechanism of n-doping will require elucidation of differences between various aromatic residues as dependent on peptide composition, and inclusion of effects of the substrate and environment, to be considered in future work. C1 [Akdim, Brahim; Pachter, Ruth; Kim, Steve S.; Naik, Rajesh R.; Trohalaki, Steven; Hong, Gongyi; Kuang, Zhifeng; Farmer, Barry L.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Walsh, Tiffany R.] Deakin Univ, Inst Frontier Mat, Waurn Ponds, Vic 3216, Australia. RP Akdim, B (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Brahim.Akdim@wpafb.af.mil; Ruth.Pachter@wpafb.af.mil RI Walsh, Tiffany/C-2667-2009 OI Walsh, Tiffany/0000-0002-0233-9484 FU AFOSR, AFRL/RX FX We gratefully acknowledge the AFRL DoD Supercomputing Resource Center for computational resources and helpful support, and AFOSR, AFRL/RX for funding. NR 63 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 4 U2 127 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 EI 1944-8252 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD AUG 14 PY 2013 VL 5 IS 15 BP 7470 EP 7477 DI 10.1021/am401731c PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 202SY UT WOS:000323241100096 PM 23869852 ER PT J AU Karch, BK Hardie, RC AF Karch, Barry K. Hardie, Russell C. TI Adaptive Wiener filter super-resolution of color filter array images SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID RECONSTRUCTION; DEMOSAICKING; ALGORITHM; FRAMES; INTERPOLATION; REGISTRATION; SEQUENCES; SYSTEMS; MOTION AB Digital color cameras using a single detector array with a Bayer color filter array (CFA) require interpolation or demosaicing to estimate missing color information and provide full-color images. However, demosaicing does not specifically address fundamental undersampling and aliasing inherent in typical camera designs. Fast non-uniform interpolation based super-resolution (SR) is an attractive approach to reduce or eliminate aliasing and its relatively low computational load is amenable to real-time applications. The adaptive Wiener filter (AWF) SR algorithm was initially developed for grayscale imaging and has not previously been applied to color SR demosaicing. Here, we develop a novel fast SR method for CFA cameras that is based on the AWF SR algorithm and uses global channel-to-channel statistical models. We apply this new method as a stand-alone algorithm and also as an initialization image for a variational SR algorithm. This paper presents the theoretical development of the color AWF SR approach and applies it in performance comparisons to other SR techniques for both simulated and real data. (c) 2013 Optical Society of America C1 [Karch, Barry K.] AFRL RYMT, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Hardie, Russell C.] Univ Dayton, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dayton, OH 45459 USA. RP Karch, BK (reprint author), AFRL RYMT, Air Force Res Lab, 2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM barry.karch@us.af.mil NR 38 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 23 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD AUG 12 PY 2013 VL 21 IS 16 BP 18820 EP 18841 DI 10.1364/OE.21.018820 PG 22 WC Optics SC Optics GA 200EF UT WOS:000323049900021 PM 23938797 ER PT J AU Cleary, JW Soref, R Hendrickson, JR AF Cleary, Justin W. Soref, Richard Hendrickson, Joshua R. TI Long-wave infrared tunable thin-film perfect absorber utilizing highly doped silicon-on-sapphire SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID METALS AB We show that nearly perfect absorption can be achieved in a simple structure with highly doped silicon on a sapphire (SOS) substrate. An SOS structure with the n-Si film being 600 nm thick and having doping concentration of 2e19 cm(-3) has an absorption peak of 96% in the film at a wavelength of 12.1 mu m. More generally, 95% absorption in the n-Si can be achieved and tailored to specific wavelengths in the range of 11.6-15.1 mu m utilizing dopings of 1-2.4e19 cm(-3) and film thicknesses of 600-1000 nm. Regions of 90% absorption can be achievable down to 11 mu m and up to as much as 22 mu m with tailoring of doping and film thickness. It is also shown that choice of substrate with large k/n (imaginary over real part of refractive index) is imperative for high absorption in the thin-film and will play a role in tailoring possibilities. Shown here are results for n-Si, but in general these results also apply to p-Si and the methods may be used to investigate structures with alternative films or substrates. This investigated SOS structure has high potential since desired film thickness and doping investigated here for perfect absorption can be purchased commercially and easily tuned by etching the silicon film. (c) 2013 Optical Society of America C1 [Cleary, Justin W.; Hendrickson, Joshua R.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Soref, Richard] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02125 USA. RP Cleary, JW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Justin.Cleary@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; AFOSR LRIR [12RY10COR]; LRIR [12RY05COR]; [9550-10-1-0417] FX This work is supported by Air Force Office of Scientific Research. J.W.C acknowledges AFOSR LRIR No. 12RY10COR (Program Officer Dr. Gernot Pomrenke), R. S. acknowledges Grant Number 9550-10-1-0417, and J.R.H would like to acknowledge support under LRIR No. 12RY05COR. NR 16 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 20 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD AUG 12 PY 2013 VL 21 IS 16 BP 19363 EP 19374 DI 10.1364/OE.21.019363 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA 200EF UT WOS:000323049900076 PM 23938852 ER PT J AU Hardersen, PS Balasubramaniam, KS Shkolyar, S AF Hardersen, Paul S. Balasubramaniam, K. S. Shkolyar, Svetlana TI CHROMOSPHERIC MASS MOTIONS AND INTRINSIC SUNSPOT ROTATIONS FOR NOAA ACTIVE REGIONS 10484, 10486, AND 10488 USING ISOON DATA SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun: chromosphere; Sun: filaments, prominences; Sun: flares; Sun: photosphere; sunspots ID FLUX ROPE HELICITY; SOLAR CHROMOSPHERE; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; H-ALPHA; FLARE ENERGETICS; RAPID ROTATION; FILAMENT; EVOLUTION; EVENT; FORCE AB This work utilizes Improved Solar Observing Optical Network continuum (630.2 nm) and H alpha (656.2 nm) data to: (1) detect and measure intrinsic sunspot rotations occurring in the photosphere and chromosphere, (2) identify and measure chromospheric filament mass motions, and (3) assess any large-scale photospheric and chromospheric mass couplings. Significant results from 2003 October 27-29, using the techniques of Brown et al., indicate significant counter-rotation between the two large sunspots in NOAA AR 10486 on October 29, as well as discrete filament mass motions in NOAA AR 10484 on October 27 that appear to be associated with at least one C-class solar flare. C1 [Hardersen, Paul S.] Univ N Dakota, Dept Space Studies, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. [Balasubramaniam, K. S.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Solar & Solar Wind Disturbances Program, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Shkolyar, Svetlana] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Hardersen, PS (reprint author), Univ N Dakota, Dept Space Studies, 4149 Univ Ave,530 Clifford Hall, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM Hardersen@space.edu RI Hardersen, Paul/N-9343-2014; OI Hardersen, Paul/0000-0002-0440-9095; Shkolyar, Svetlana/0000-0001-9641-1071 FU UND; AFOSR; AFRL FX We are grateful for the use of the ISOON data. P. S. H. and S. S. were supported by UND for this work. K. S. B. was supported by the AFOSR and AFRL in this work. NR 52 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 10 PY 2013 VL 773 IS 1 AR 60 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/773/1/60 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 193BN UT WOS:000322531900060 ER PT J AU Chan, EP Walish, JJ Urbas, AM Thomas, EL AF Chan, Edwin P. Walish, Joseph J. Urbas, Augustine M. Thomas, Edwin L. TI Mechanochromic Photonic Gels SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE photonic crystals; stimuli-responsive materials; block copolymers; gels; mechanochromism ID CRYSTALLINE COLLOIDAL ARRAYS; BLOCK-COPOLYMER; WRINKLING PATTERNS; DIBLOCK COPOLYMER; STRUCTURAL COLOR; LIQUID-CRYSTAL; BAND-GAPS; DEFORMATION; ELASTOMERS; SOLVENT AB Polymer gels are remarkable materials with physical structures that can adapt significantly and quite rapidly with changes in the local environment, such as temperature, light intensity, electrochemistry, and mechanical force. An interesting phenomenon observed in certain polymer gel systems is mechanochromism - a change in color due to a mechanical deformation. Mechanochromic photonic gels are periodically structured gels engineered with a photonic stopband that can be tuned by mechanical forces to reflect specific colors. These materials have potential as mechanochromic sensors because both the mechanical and optical properties are highly tailorable via incorporation of diluents, solvents, nanoparticles, or polymers, or the application of stimuli such as temperature, pH, or electric or strain fields. Recent advances in photonic gels that display strain-dependent optical properties are discussed. In particular, this discussion focuses primarily on polymer-based photonic gels that are directly or indirectly fabricated via self-assembly, as these materials are promising soft material platforms for scalable mechanochromic sensors. C1 [Chan, Edwin P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Walish, Joseph J.] MIT, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Urbas, Augustine M.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Thomas, Edwin L.] Rice Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Houston, TX 77251 USA. RP Chan, EP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Div, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8542, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM edwin.chan@nist.gov; elt@rice.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AOARD RD) [114078, 114095]; Defense Threat Reduction Agency [HDTRA1-12-1-0044] FX E.L.T. acknowledges the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AOARD R&D Grant 114078 & Grant 114095), and the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (HDTRA1-12-1-0044) for financial support. Official contribution of the National Institute of Standards and Technology; not subject to copyright in the United States. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this paper in order to specify the experimental procedure adequately. Such identification is not intended to imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor is it intended to imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 95 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 30 U2 235 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 EI 1521-4095 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD AUG 7 PY 2013 VL 25 IS 29 BP 3934 EP 3947 DI 10.1002/adma.201300692 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 261VJ UT WOS:000327692400002 PM 23754505 ER PT J AU Mahalingam, K Steenbergen, EH Brown, GJ Zhang, YH AF Mahalingam, Krishnamurthy Steenbergen, Elizabeth H. Brown, Gail J. Zhang, Yong-Hang TI Quantitative analysis of strain distribution in InAs/InAs1-xSbx superlattices SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; DETECTORS; GROWTH; IMAGES; HRTEM AB Atomic resolution transmission electron microscopy is performed to examine the strain distribution in an InAs/InAs1-xSbx superlattice grown on a (100)-GaSb substrate. The strain profiles reveal that the thickness of tensile regions in the superlattice is significantly lower than expected, with a corresponding increase in thickness of the compressive regions. Furthermore, significant grading is observed within the tensile regions of the strain profile, indicating Sb intermixing from the InAsSb growth surface. The results signify an effective reduction in the InAs layer thickness due to the anion (As-Sb) exchange process at the InAs-on-InAsSb interface. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Mahalingam, Krishnamurthy; Steenbergen, Elizabeth H.; Brown, Gail J.] Air Force Res Lab, RXAN, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Zhang, Yong-Hang] Arizona State Univ, Sch Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Mahalingam, K (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, RXAN, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM krishnamurthy.mahalingam.ctr@wpafb.af.mil FU Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, under Air Force [FA8650-08-D-5200] FX This research was sponsored by the Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, under Air Force contract FA8650-08-D-5200. The superlattice sample was grown by IQE, Inc. NR 22 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 47 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 5 PY 2013 VL 103 IS 6 AR 061908 DI 10.1063/1.4817969 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 198FT UT WOS:000322908300032 ER PT J AU Fulcher, JT Karaca, HE Tandon, GP Lu, YC AF Fulcher, J. T. Karaca, H. E. Tandon, G. P. Lu, Y. C. TI Thermomechanical and shape memory properties of thermosetting shape memory polymer under compressive loadings SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE properties and characterization; mechanical properties; stimuli-sensitive polymers ID FINITE-ELEMENT-ANALYSIS; ELASTIC-MODULUS; STRAIN-RATE; INDENTATION; COMPOSITES; NANOINDENTATION; HARDNESS; SYSTEMS; SOLIDS; RUBBER AB Shape memory polymers (SMPs) are an emerging class of active polymers that may be used for a range of reconfigurable structures. In this study, the thermomechanical and shape memory behavior of a thermosetting SMP was investigated using large-scale compressive tests and small-scale indentation tests. Results show that the SMP exhibits different deformation modes and mechanical properties in compression than in tension. In glassy state, the SMP displays significant plastic deformation and has a much higher modulus and yield strength in comparison to those obtained in tension. In rubbery state, the SMP behaves like a hyperelastic material and again has a much higher modulus than that obtained in tension. The SMPs were further conditioned separately in simulated service environments relevant to Air Force missions, namely, (1) exposure to UV radiation, (2) immersion in jet-oil, and (3) immersion in water. The thermomechanical and shape recovery properties of the original and conditioned SMPs were examined under compression. Results show that all the conditioned SMPs exhibit a decrease in Tg as compared to the original SMP. Environmental conditionings generally result in higher moduli and yield strength of the SMPs in the glassy state but lower modulus in the rubbery state. In particular, the UV exposure and water immersion, also weaken the shape recovery abilities of the SMPs. (c) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013 C1 [Fulcher, J. T.; Karaca, H. E.; Lu, Y. C.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Mech Engn, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Tandon, G. P.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXCC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Tandon, G. P.] Univ Dayton Res Ins, Dayton, OH USA. RP Lu, YC (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Mech Engn, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. EM chlu@engr.uky.edu FU NASA EPSCoR Research Infrastructure Development (RID) Program; Kentucky Space Grant Consortium (KSGC); National Science Foundation [CMS-1130381] FX This work was supported by the grants from NASA EPSCoR Research Infrastructure Development (RID) Program, Kentucky Space Grant Consortium (KSGC), and National Science Foundation (CMS-1130381). NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 74 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD AUG 5 PY 2013 VL 129 IS 3 BP 1096 EP 1103 DI 10.1002/app.38791 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 138JJ UT WOS:000318504500019 ER PT J AU McKinley, RA Gallimore, JJ AF McKinley, Richard A. Gallimore, Jennie J. TI Computational Model of Sustained Acceleration Effects on Human Cognitive Performance SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE acceleration; cognitive model; G; cognition; cerebral oxygen saturation; agile aircraft; human performance ID TIME; PERCEPTION; SATURATION; GZ AB Introduction: Extreme acceleration maneuvers encountered in modern agile fighter aircraft can wreak havoc on human physiology, thereby significantly influencing cognitive task performance. As oxygen content declines under acceleration stress, the activity of high order cortical tissue reduces to ensure sufficient metabolic resources are available for critical life-sustaining autonomic functions. Consequently, cognitive abilities reliant on these affected areas suffer significant performance degradations. The goal was to develop and validate a model capable of predicting human cognitive performance under acceleration stress. Methods: Development began with creation of a proportional control cardiovascular model that produced predictions of several hemodynamic parameters, including eye-level blood pressure and regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSo(2)). An algorithm was derived to relate changes in rSo(2) within specific brain structures to performance on cognitive tasks that require engagement of different brain areas. Data from the "precision timing" experiment were then used to validate the model predicting cognitive performance as a function of G, profile. Results:The following are value ranges. Results showed high agreement between the measured and predicted values for the rSo(2) (correlation coefficient: 0.7483-0.8687; linear best-fit slope: 0.5760-0.9484; mean percent error: 0.75-3.33) and cognitive performance models (motion inference task-correlation coefficient: 0.7103-0.9451; linear best-fit slope: 0.7416-0.9144; mean percent error: 6.35-38.21; precision timing task-correlation coefficient: 0.6856-0.9726; linear best-fit slope: 0.5795-1.027; mean percent error: 6.30-17.28). Discussion: The evidence suggests that the model is capable of accurately predicting cognitive performance of simplistic tasks under high acceleration stress. C1 [McKinley, Richard A.; Gallimore, Jennie J.] Air Force Res Lab, Appl Neurosci Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP McKinley, RA (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Appl Neurosci Branch, 2510 Fifth St,Bldg 840, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM andy.mckinley@wpafb.af.mil NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 EI 1943-4448 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 84 IS 8 BP 780 EP 788 DI 10.3357/ASEM.2584.2013 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA AD1LU UT WOS:000332996300002 PM 23926652 ER PT J AU Catrambone, DE Dawson, SW AF Catrambone, Daniel E. Dawson, Steven W. TI Vasodilation Associated with Supplement Use: Potential Concern for Military Aviators SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material DE acceleration; G tolerance; blood pressure; niacin; coenzyme Q10 ID 24-HOUR BLOOD-PRESSURE AB Military aviators are exposed to high G environments while performing certain tactical aircraft maneuvers. G forces endured during such maneuvering have been shown to reduce mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) at eye level by 22 mmHg for every G endured, leaving the average aviator with a resting G tolerance of approximately 5 to 5.5 G before losing consciousness. Many sports performance supplements on the market today contain compounds that are boasted to increase vascularity and reduce muscle recovery time. Usage of such supplements has demonstrated a reduction of MAP by as much as 16 mmHg after 1 h of dosing and could potentially lower one's G tolerance by 14%. Military aviators should proceed on the side of caution due to the potential threats that exist with consuming such products until a formal study can be conducted to investigate this matter further. C1 [Catrambone, Daniel E.; Dawson, Steven W.] US Air Force, Laughlin AFB, TX 78843 USA. RP Catrambone, DE (reprint author), US Air Force, Physiol Training Unit, 590 Mitchell Blvd, Laughlin AFB, TX 78843 USA. EM daniel.catrambone@us.af.mil NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 EI 1943-4448 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 84 IS 8 BP 872 EP 873 DI 10.3357/ASEM.3659.2013 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA AD1LU UT WOS:000332996300017 PM 23926667 ER PT J AU Neff, LP Cannon, JW Stewart, IJ Batchinsky, AI Zonies, DH Pamplin, JC Chung, KK AF Neff, Lucas P. Cannon, Jeremy W. Stewart, Ian J. Batchinsky, Andriy I. Zonies, David H. Pamplin, Jeremy C. Chung, Kevin K. TI Extracorporeal organ support following trauma: The dawn of a new era in combat casualty critical care SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA AND ACUTE CARE SURGERY LA English DT Review ID RENAL REPLACEMENT THERAPY; ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY; CARBON-DIOXIDE REMOVAL; CONTINUOUS VENOVENOUS HEMOFILTRATION; HIGH-VOLUME HEMOFILTRATION; OPERATION-IRAQI-FREEDOM; SEVERE LUNG INJURY; SEPTIC SHOCK; MEMBRANE-OXYGENATION; RESPIRATORY-FAILURE C1 [Neff, Lucas P.] David Grant Med Ctr, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. [Cannon, Jeremy W.; Stewart, Ian J.; Pamplin, Jeremy C.] San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. [Neff, Lucas P.; Cannon, Jeremy W.; Chung, Kevin K.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Zonies, David H.] Landstuhl Reg Med Ctr, Landstuhl, Germany. [Batchinsky, Andriy I.; Chung, Kevin K.] US Army Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. RP Neff, LP (reprint author), David Grant Med Ctr, 101 Bodin Circle, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. EM lucas.neff.2@us.af.mil NR 103 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 2163-0755 EI 2163-0763 J9 J TRAUMA ACUTE CARE JI J. Trauma Acute Care Surg. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 75 SU 2 BP S120 EP S128 DI 10.1097/TA.0b013e318299d0cb PG 9 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 300JV UT WOS:000330461100005 PM 23883896 ER PT J AU Park, PK Cannon, JW Ye, W Blackbourne, LH Holcomb, JB Beninati, W Napolitano, LM AF Park, Pauline K. Cannon, Jeremy W. Ye, Wen Blackbourne, Lorne H. Holcomb, John B. Beninati, William Napolitano, Lena M. TI Transfusion strategies and development of acute respiratory distress syndrome in combat casualty care SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA AND ACUTE CARE SURGERY LA English DT Article DE Acute respiratory distress syndrome; transfusion ratio; plasma; crystalloid; combat casualty ID FRESH-FROZEN PLASMA; PROTHROMBIN COMPLEX CONCENTRATE; RECEIVING MASSIVE TRANSFUSIONS; DAMAGE-CONTROL RESUSCITATION; OPERATION ENDURING FREEDOM; INDEPENDENT RISK-FACTORS; ACUTE LUNG INJURY; I TRAUMA CENTER; LAST 60 YEARS; FIBRINOGEN CONCENTRATE AB BACKGROUND: Damage-control resuscitation (DCR) has been advocated to reduce mortality in military and civilian settings. However, DCR and excessive crystalloid resuscitation may be associated with a higher incidence of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We sought to examine the impact of resuscitation strategies on ARDS development in combat casualty care. METHODS: A retrospective review of Joint Theater Trauma Registry data on US combat casualties who received at least 1 U of blood product within the first 24 hours of care was performed, cross-referenced with the cohort receiving mechanical ventilation (n = 1,475). Massive transfusion (MT, >= 10 red blood cells [RBCs] and/or whole blood in 24 hours) and volume/ratios of plasma/RBC, platelet/RBC, and crystalloid/RBC (C/RBC, crystalloid liters/RBC units) were examined using bivariate/multivariate logistic regression and local regression analyses as ARDS risk factors, controlling for age, injury severity, admission systolic blood pressure, and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score. RESULTS: ARDS was identified in 95 cases (6.4%). MTwas required in 550 (37.3%) of the analysis cohort. ARDS was more common in MT (46 of 550, 8.4%) versus no-MT cohort (49 of 925, 5.3%), but mortality was not different (17.4% MT vs. 16.3% no-MT). ARDS patients received significantly increased crystalloid of blood product volumes. Increased crystalloid resuscitation (C/RBC ratio 9 1.5) occurred in 479 (32.7%) of 1,464 patients. Unadjusted mortality was significantly increased in the cohort with C/RBC ratio of 1.5 or less compared with those with greater than 1.5 (19.1% vs. 6.3%, p < 0.0001), but no difference in ARDS (6.5% vs. 6.6%) was identified. Platelet/RBC ratio did not impact on ARDS. Increasing plasma (odds ratio, 1.07; p = 0.0062) and crystalloid (odds ratio, 1.04; p = 0.041) volumes were confirmed as independent ARDS risk factors. CONCLUSION: In modern combat casualty care, increased plasma and crystalloid infusion were identified as independent risk factors for ARDS. These findings support a practice of decreased plasma/crystalloid transfusion in trauma resuscitation once hemorrhage control is established to achieve the mortality benefit of DCR and ARDS prevention. C1 [Park, Pauline K.; Napolitano, Lena M.] Univ Michigan, Dept Surg, Div Acute Care Surg, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Ye, Wen] Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Cannon, Jeremy W.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Surg, San Antonio, TX USA. [Beninati, William] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. [Blackbourne, Lorne H.; Holcomb, John B.] US Army Inst Surg Res, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Napolitano, LM (reprint author), 1C421 Univ Hosp, Dept Surg, Div Acute Care Surg Trauma Burn Surg Crit Care Em, Box 0033,1500 E Med Ctr Dr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM lenan@umich.edu FU US Air Force Office of the Surgeon General, Medical Modernization Branch [FA7014-07-C-A010] FX This study was supported by the US Air Force Office of the Surgeon General, Medical Modernization Branch, under contract FA7014-07-C-A010, Log 99, BAA 07-01 (principal investigator L.M.N.). NR 45 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 2163-0755 EI 2163-0763 J9 J TRAUMA ACUTE CARE JI J. Trauma Acute Care Surg. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 75 SU 2 BP S238 EP S246 DI 10.1097/TA.0b013e31829a8c71 PG 9 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 300JV UT WOS:000330461100026 PM 23883915 ER PT J AU Hart, R Perry, E Hiratzka, S Kane, M Deisseroth, K AF Hart, Robert Perry, Elizabeth Hiratzka, Shannon Kane, Marie Deisseroth, Kate TI Post-traumatic Stress Symptoms After Elective Lumbar Arthrodesis are Associated With Reduced Clinical Benefit SO SPINE LA English DT Article DE lumbar spine; fusion; surgery; outcomes; PTSD ID LOW-BACK-PAIN; GENERAL-HEALTH; PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES; SPINAL ARTHRODESIS; ORTHOPEDIC TRAUMA; PTSD CHECKLIST; DISORDER; SURGERY; FUSION; IMPACT AB Study Design. Prospective cohort study. Objective. To assess the impact of postoperative post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms on clinical outcomes after lumbar arthrodesis. Summary of Background Data. Postoperative PTSD symptoms occur among many patients who underwent elective lumbar fusion. Although adverse impact of preoperative depression and psychiatric distress has been described, no reports have assessed the impact of postoperative PTSD symptoms on clinical outcomes after lumbar arthrodesis. Methods. Seventy-three patients undergoing elective lumbar spinal arthrodesis completed the PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version (PCL-C) at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months postoperatively. Short-Form 36 and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) were completed preoperatively and at 1 year postoperatively. Impact of postoperative PTSD symptoms, preoperative psychiatric diagnoses, and mental composite scores on clinical outcome scores and likelihood of reaching minimal clinically important difference for ODI and physical composite score (PCS) was evaluated. Results. PTSD symptoms were reported in 22% of the cohort, with significantly reduced surgical benefit as measured by final (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.003) and total change (P = 0.013 and P = 0.032) in ODI and PCS scores, respectively. Likelihood of reaching minimal clinically important difference for both ODI and PCS was also reduced for patients reporting PTSD symptoms (P = 0.009 and P = 0.001, respectively). A preoperative psychiatric diagnosis correlated only with final ODI score (P = 0.008). Preoperative mental composite scores were significantly correlated with final ODI and PCS scores, as well as final change from preoperative and likelihood of reaching minimal clinically important difference for PCS, but not for ODI scores. Conclusion. Postoperative psychological distress was strongly correlated with reduced clinical benefit among patients who underwent elective lumbar arthrodesis, and seemed to be a stronger predictor of reduced clinical benefit than either major psychiatric diagnosis or preoperative mental composite scores. Efforts to reduce postoperative psychological distress may offer an opportunity to enhance patient reported clinical outcomes from elective spine surgery. C1 [Hart, Robert; Hiratzka, Shannon; Kane, Marie] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Orthoped & Rehabil, Portland, OR 97239 USA. [Perry, Elizabeth] Lincoln Med & Mental Hlth Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, New York, NY USA. [Deisseroth, Kate] Malcom Grow Med Clin, Andrews Afb, MD USA. RP Hart, R (reprint author), Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Orthoped & Rehabil, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Pk Rd, Portland, OR 97239 USA. EM hartro@ohsu.edu NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 8 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0362-2436 EI 1528-1159 J9 SPINE JI SPINE PD AUG 1 PY 2013 VL 38 IS 17 BP 1508 EP 1515 DI 10.1097/BRS.0b013e318285f05a PG 8 WC Clinical Neurology; Orthopedics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Orthopedics GA 298ZD UT WOS:000330362800020 PM 23324934 ER PT J AU Jeon, S Wang, M Tan, LS Cooper, T Hamblin, MR Chiang, LY AF Jeon, Seaho Wang, Min Tan, Loon-Seng Cooper, Thomas Hamblin, Michael R. Chiang, Long Y. TI Synthesis of Photoresponsive Dual NIR Two-Photon Absorptive [60]Fullerene Triads and Tetrads SO MOLECULES LA English DT Article DE C-60-(antenna)(x) nanostructures; ultrafast intramolecular energy-transfer; NIR two-photon absorption; 2 gamma-photodynamic therapeutic agent; photosensitizer ID C-60-DIPHENYLAMINOFLUORENE DYAD; FULLERENE DERIVATIVES; ORGANIC MATERIALS; ENERGY-TRANSFER; DIPHENYLAMINOFLUORENE; C-60; ENHANCEMENT; MECHANISM AB Broadband nonlinear optical (NLO) organic nanostructures exhibiting both ultrafast photoresponse and a large cross-section of two-photon absorption throughout a wide NIR spectrum may make them suitable for use as nonlinear biophotonic materials. We report here the synthesis and characterization of two C-60-(antenna)(x) analogous compounds as branched triad C-60(>DPAF-C-18)(>CPAF-C-2M) and tetrad C-60(>DPAF-C-18)(>CPAF-C-2M)(2) nanostructures. These compounds showed approximately equal extinction coefficients of optical absorption over 400-550 nm that corresponds to near-IR two-photon based excitation wavelengths at 780-1,100 nm. Accordingly, they may be utilized as potential precursor candidates to the active-core structures of photosensitizing nanodrugs for 2 gamma-PDT in the biological optical window of 800-1,050 nm. C1 [Jeon, Seaho; Wang, Min; Chiang, Long Y.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem, Inst Nanosci & Engn Technol, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. [Tan, Loon-Seng; Cooper, Thomas] US Air Force, AFRL RXAS, Funct Mat Div, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Hamblin, Michael R.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Dermatol, Wellman Ctr Photomed,Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Hamblin, Michael R.] MIT, Harvard Mit Div Hlth Sci & Technol, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Chiang, LY (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem, Inst Nanosci & Engn Technol, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. EM Long_Chiang@uml.edu RI Tan, Loon-Seng/F-6985-2012; OI Tan, Loon-Seng/0000-0002-2134-9290; Hamblin, Michael/0000-0001-6431-4605 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [FA9550-09-1-0380, FA9550-09-1-0183]; National Institute of Health (NIH) [4R01CA137108, R01AI058075] FX The authors at UML thank the financial support of Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) under the grant number FA9550-09-1-0380 and FA9550-09-1-0183 and National Institute of Health (NIH) under the grant number 4R01CA137108. MR Hamblin was supported by NIH R01AI058075. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 14 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1420-3049 J9 MOLECULES JI Molecules PD AUG PY 2013 VL 18 IS 8 BP 9603 EP 9622 DI 10.3390/molecules18089603 PG 20 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 298DL UT WOS:000330304100057 PM 23941881 ER PT J AU Kerecman, J Mehrotra, A Goodman, Z AF Kerecman, Jay Mehrotra, Anupamjit Goodman, Zachary TI Liver Disease After Intensive Care of Premature Baboons: Histopathologic Observations SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC GASTROENTEROLOGY AND NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE cholestasis; extremely low birthweight; infant; liver ID TOTAL PARENTERAL-NUTRITION; POSITIVE AIRWAY PRESSURE; CHRONIC LUNG-DISEASE; IMMATURE BABOONS; CHOLESTASIS; MODEL; INFANTS; ONTOGENY; PATHOLOGY; LIGATION AB Background and Objectives:Cholestasis affects 50% of extremely low-birth-weight infants. Its etiology remains poorly understood and the extent of liver injury in these infants is unclear. The premature baboon model provides an opportunity to study neonatal liver disease. We characterize hepatic histopathologic changes in this model.Methods:Archival tissue and data were obtained from the Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research Primate Center, San Antonio, TX. Animals were selected based on history of antenatal steroid therapy and absence of sepsis or necrotizing enterocolitis with a protocol duration of at least 21 days and no early death (n=45). Baboons had been treated per protocol in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). At necropsy, liver tissue was harvested and stored. Tissues from fetal gestational controls at similar ages were used for comparison (n=28). Histologic changes were scored by consensus of 2 pathologists blinded to treatment group. Descriptive and comparative statistics were performed.Results:Control fetal livers had extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH) that decreased across the gestational range. There was evidence of hepatocyte iron storage and ongoing portal tract development. Livers of NICU-treated baboons had increased Kupffer cell hypertrophy and hemosiderosis. There was a shift away from erythroid EMH toward increased myeloid EMH. There was increased cholestasis, ductular proliferation, portal tract fibrosis, and steatosis in treated animals.Conclusions:We found pathologic changes in NICU-treated baboons comparable with findings reported in human infants. The baboon model of prematurity may be a useful tool to explore cholestasis and liver dysfunction in extremely low-birth-weight infants. C1 [Kerecman, Jay] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Pediat, F Edward Hebert Sch Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Mehrotra, Anupamjit] Joint Pathol Ctr, Dept Def, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Goodman, Zachary] Inova Fairfax Hosp, Dept Pathol, Falls Church, VA USA. [Goodman, Zachary] Inova Fairfax Hosp, Ctr Liver Dis, Falls Church, VA USA. RP Kerecman, J (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Pediat, US Air Force, Med Corps, 3401 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM jay.kerecman@usuhs.edu FU National Institutes of Health BPD Resource Center [HL526] FX This work was financially supported in part by National Institutes of Health BPD Resource Center Grant HL526. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0277-2116 EI 1536-4801 J9 J PEDIATR GASTR NUTR JI J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 57 IS 2 BP 172 EP 179 DI 10.1097/MPG.0b013e318293e404 PG 8 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics GA 249AM UT WOS:000326748700013 PM 23880624 ER PT J AU Kihm, KD Choi, CK Pratt, DM AF Kihm, Kenneth D. Choi, Chang K. Pratt, David M. TI Heat Transfer Gallery Introduction SO JOURNAL OF HEAT TRANSFER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Kihm, Kenneth D.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mech Aerosp & Biomed Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Choi, Chang K.] Michigan Technol Univ, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Pratt, David M.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kihm, KD (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mech Aerosp & Biomed Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0022-1481 EI 1528-8943 J9 J HEAT TRANS-T ASME JI J. Heat Transf.-Trans. ASME PD AUG PY 2013 VL 135 IS 8 AR 080901 PG 1 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 241LH UT WOS:000326167900001 ER PT J AU Kirchoff, E Kihm, KD Rosenfeld, J Rawal, S Bilheux, H Walker, L Voisin, S Pratt, D Swanson, A AF Kirchoff, E. Kihm, K. D. Rosenfeld, J. Rawal, S. Bilheux, H. Walker, L. Voisin, S. Pratt, D. Swanson, A. TI Neutron Tomography of Lithium (Li) Menisci inside a Molybdenum (Mo) Heat Pipe SO JOURNAL OF HEAT TRANSFER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Kirchoff, E.; Kihm, K. D.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Rosenfeld, J.] Thermacore Inc, Lancaster, PA USA. [Rawal, S.] Lockheed Martin Space Syst Co, Denver, CO USA. [Bilheux, H.; Walker, L.; Voisin, S.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Pratt, D.; Swanson, A.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Kirchoff, E (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Bilheux, Hassina/H-4289-2012 OI Bilheux, Hassina/0000-0001-8574-2449 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 8 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0022-1481 EI 1528-8943 J9 J HEAT TRANS-T ASME JI J. Heat Transf.-Trans. ASME PD AUG PY 2013 VL 135 IS 8 AR 080902 PG 1 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 241LH UT WOS:000326167900002 ER PT J AU Shaw, TH Satterfield, K Ramirez, R Finomore, V AF Shaw, Tyler H. Satterfield, Kelly Ramirez, Raul Finomore, Victor TI Using cerebral hemovelocity to measure workload during a spatialised auditory vigilance task in novice and experienced observers SO ERGONOMICS LA English DT Article DE vigilance; mental workload; spatialised auditory displays; training; transcranial Doppler; cerebral blood flow velocity ID BLOOD-FLOW VELOCITY; SUSTAINED ATTENTION; SENSORY MODALITY; WORKING-MEMORY; PERFORMANCE; BRAIN; NETWORK; TIME; LATERALIZATION; HEMODYNAMICS AB This experiment was designed to assess cognitive load using transcranial Doppler sonography during the performance of a 40-min communication vigilance task in which messages were presented in different spatial locations or across a single monaural radio channel. In addition, some observers received 14hours of practice to determine whether the neurophysiological measure was sensitive to a potential attenuation of workload. Critical messages were detected more frequently in the spatialised audio presentation mode condition, but there were no performance differences between experienced and novice observers. Neurophysiological data show that activation was greater in the novice condition than in the experienced condition, suggesting that novice observers expended greater effort. Furthermore, the neurophysiological measure showed more activation in the monaural radio condition than in the spatialised audio condition. The results support a resource account of vigilance and suggest that cerebral blood flow velocity can be used to diagnose the degree of attentional resource utilisation during vigilance tasks. Practitioner Summary: Due to high workload experienced during vigilance tasks, displays and methods are sought which enhance performance. This study shows that spatialising auditory communications in a monitoring task enhances performance and attenuates mental workload. Also, experience mitigates excessive workload, and cerebral hemovelocity can be used to diagnose attentional resource utilisation. C1 [Shaw, Tyler H.; Satterfield, Kelly; Ramirez, Raul] George Mason Univ, Dept Psychol, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Finomore, Victor] Air Force Res Lab, Warfighter Interface Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Shaw, TH (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Psychol, 4400 Univ Dr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM tshaw4@gmu.edu NR 78 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0014-0139 EI 1366-5847 J9 ERGONOMICS JI Ergonomics PD AUG 1 PY 2013 VL 56 IS 8 BP 1251 EP 1263 DI 10.1080/00140139.2013.809154 PG 13 WC Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Engineering; Psychology GA 219OQ UT WOS:000324517000005 PM 23789766 ER PT J AU Broiles, TW Desai, MI Lee, CO MacNeice, PJ AF Broiles, T. W. Desai, M. I. Lee, C. O. MacNeice, P. J. TI Radial evolution of the three-dimensional structure in CIRs between Earth and Ulysses SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE CIR; Enlil; magnetic field; planar magnetic structure ID COROTATING INTERACTION REGIONS; ADVANCED COMPOSITION EXPLORER; PLANAR MAGNETIC-STRUCTURES; SOLAR-WIND; LATITUDINAL VARIATION; TRANSPORT; MISSION; AU AB The radial alignment of ACE and Ulysses in February 2004 and August 2007 provided us with unprecedented opportunities to study the radial evolution of planar magnetic structures (PMSs) in three corotating interaction regions (CIRs). The in situ observations are compared with results from an analytical and a numerical model of CIRs. We find that (1) all three CIRs' meridional tilt retained its North/South orientation at ACE and Ulysses, but the evolution was not systematic. Further, the model results of CIR meridional tilt do not agree with observations. (2) All three CIRs rotated azimuthally with the Parker spiral as expected; however, model results only describe this behavior quantitatively for one CIR. (3) For all three CIRs, the solar wind deflection angles were predicted by the coupled solar corona-solar wind models, Wang-Sheely-Arge (WSA)-Enlil and MHD Around a Sphere (MAS)-Enlil, but neither model reproduced the observed planar magnetic structures. (4) The WSA-Enlil results of azimuthal magnetic field orientation are in better agreement with observations than those based on the MAS-Enlil. We suggest that the evolution of meridional tilt from ACE to Ulysses does not agree with projections because the parent coronal holes were highly structured. We also suggest that observations of azimuthal tilt do not agree with the model results because the models may underestimate transverse flows, whereas in reality, these flows could affect the observed azimuthal tilt of the CIR. The local orientation of PMSs within CIRs may also be distorted by transients, but their effect is unclear. C1 [Broiles, T. W.; Desai, M. I.] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Phys & Astron, San Antonio, TX USA. [Broiles, T. W.; Desai, M. I.] SW Res Inst, Space Sci & Engn Div, 6220 Culebra Rd, San Antonio, TX 78238 USA. [Lee, C. O.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. [Lee, C. O.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Albuquerque, NM USA. [MacNeice, P. J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Broiles, TW (reprint author), SW Res Inst, Space Sci & Engn Div, 6220 Culebra Rd, San Antonio, TX 78238 USA. EM tbroiles@swri.edu OI Broiles, Thomas/0000-0001-6910-2724; Lee, Christina/0000-0002-1604-3326 FU NASA [NNX08AK87G, NNX07AG85G]; NSF [NSF-ATM 0962666] FX Work at the Southwest Research Institute has been supported by the NASA grants NNX08AK87G and NNX07AG85G and the NSF grant NSF-ATM 0962666. We thank the instrument teams and PIs for SWEPAM (D.J. McComas), SWOOPS (D.J. McComas), MAG (C. W. Smith), and FGM (A. Balogh) for their work. Additionally, we recognize M. A. Lee, the CCMC, D. Odstrcil, C.N. Arge, Y.M. Wang, N.R. Sheeley, and R. Lionello, all of whom have made this work possible. NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 118 IS 8 BP 4776 EP 4792 DI 10.1002/jgra.50482 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 225VK UT WOS:000324992300007 ER PT J AU Comess, MD Smith, DM Selesnick, RS Millan, RM Sample, JG AF Comess, Max D. Smith, David M. Selesnick, Richard S. Millan, Robyn M. Sample, John G. TI Duskside relativistic electron precipitation as measured by SAMPEX: A statistical survey SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE electron precipitation; SAMPEX; radiation belt ID OUTER RADIATION BELT; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; AURORAL ZONE; X-RAYS; LOSSES; RESOLUTION; TELESCOPE; STORMS; SOLAR AB Evidence for duskside relativistic electron precipitation (DREP) within the Earth's outer radiation belt has historically been seen in a few sets of high altitude balloon data (MAXIS, MINIS, INTERBOA), and in satellite data. We present statistical evidence that the relativistic electron precipitation events from the outer radiation belt with e-folding energies>0.5MeV are concentrated in the dusk-to-midnight sector, based on a survey of data collected by the SAMPEX satellite from 1992 to 2004. A correlation between spectral hardness and duskside MLT is observed in our sample, the largest studied to date. Out of 9380 precipitation events within the bounce loss cone, 1048 are observed to have exponentially falling spectra with e-folding energies above 0.5MeV (hard events) and 1648 events below 0.2MeV. Of the hard events, 81% occur within 12h to 24h MLT, compared to only 37% of events having e-folding energies below 0.2MeV. With microbursts removed from this softer population the percentage of duskside events rises to 46%. The hard events occur at slightly elevated levels of geomagnetic activity (Ap and Dst) relative to softer nonmicroburst events, but these correlations are much weaker than for microbursts. The hard events are observed to peak in occurrence at L similar to 5.5, significantly higher than nonmicroburst softer events, even though the opposite might be expected from compression of the magnetosphere due to the more negative average Dst of the hard events. The hard events are most prevalent during the declining phase of the 11 year solar cycle. C1 [Comess, Max D.; Smith, David M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Comess, Max D.; Smith, David M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Comess, Max D.] SpaceX Corp, Hawthorne, CA USA. [Smith, David M.; Sample, John G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Selesnick, Richard S.] Kirtland AFB, Air Force Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Millan, Robyn M.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Smith, DM (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM dsmith@scipp.ucsc.edu NR 40 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 118 IS 8 BP 5050 EP 5058 DI 10.1002/jgra.50481 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 225VK UT WOS:000324992300029 ER PT J AU Harris, DC Johnson, LF Seaver, R Lewis, T Turri, G Bass, M Zelmon, DE Haynes, ND AF Harris, Daniel C. Johnson, Linda F. Seaver, Robert Lewis, Tod Turri, Giorgio Bass, Michael Zelmon, David E. Haynes, Nicholas D. TI Optical and thermal properties of spinel with revised (increased) absorption at 4 to 5 mu m wavelengths and comparison with sapphire SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE spinel; sapphire; magnesium aluminum spinel; laser calorimetry; infrared absorption; refractive index; thermal conductivity; thermal expansion; heat capacity; infrared window design ID WEIBULL STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; SYNTHETIC SAPPHIRE; REFRACTIVE-INDEX; WINDOW MATERIALS; TEMPERATURE; STRENGTH; MGAL2O4; RAY; CALORIMETRY; COEFFICIENT AB Infrared absorption of high-quality, commercial, polycrystalline MgAl2O4 spinel is similar to 40% greater in the range of 3.8 to 5.0 mu m than the value predicted by the computer code OPTIMATR (R), which has been used for window and dome design for more than 20 years. As a result, spinel and a-plane sapphire windows designed to support the same external pressure with the same probability of survival have approximately the same infrared absorptance in the range 3.8 to 5.0 mu m. c-Plane sapphire has greater absorptance than spinel in the range 3.8 to 5.0 mu m. Spinel has two weak absorption bands near 1.8 and 3.0 mu m. At 1.064 mu m, the laser calorimetric absorption coefficient of spinel is 10 to 50 times greater than that of sapphire. New measurements of specific heat capacity, thermal expansion, thermal conductivity, elastic constants, and refractive index (including dn/dT) of spinel are reported. (C) The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI. C1 [Harris, Daniel C.; Johnson, Linda F.; Seaver, Robert; Lewis, Tod] Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. [Turri, Giorgio] Florida Southern Coll, Lakeland, FL 33801 USA. [Bass, Michael] Univ Cent Florida, CREOL Coll Opt & Photon, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Zelmon, David E.; Haynes, Nicholas D.] US Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Harris, DC (reprint author), Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div, 1900 N Knox Rd Stop 6303, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM Daniel.Harris@navy.mil NR 57 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 19 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 EI 1560-2303 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 52 IS 8 AR 087113 DI 10.1117/1.OE.52.8.087113 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA 216NP UT WOS:000324290900050 ER PT J AU Sanchez, DJ Oesch, DW Reynolds, OR AF Sanchez, D. J. Oesch, D. W. Reynolds, O. R. TI The creation of photonic orbital angular momentum in electromagnetic waves propagating through turbulence SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE instrumentation: adaptive optics; turbulence; waves; radiation mechanisms: general; ISM: clouds ID LIGHT; TRANSFORMATION AB Context. We have recently shown that the phenomenon known as "branch points" in AO are markers for photons carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM). In doing so, we have demonstrated that atmospheric turbulence creates well defined OAM states in beams propagating through it. Aims. In this paper, we extend our previous research to include any astrophysical turbulent assemblage of molecules or atoms (TAMA), demonstrating that these clouds, similar to Earth's atmosphere, also create photonic orbital angular momentum (POAM) in electromagnetic waves propagating through them. A TAMA is any gaseous cloud with a varying density and therefore variation in its index of refraction, which includes but is not limited to stellar envelopes, circumstellar disks, molecular clouds, planetary atmospheres, and the interstellar medium. Methods. We applied our previous theoretical, simulation, and laboratory results to astrophysical TAMAs. Additionally, we demonstrated how sensors designed for AO can be used to measure this POAM flux. Results. Our results apply to light propagating through any TAMA. Since TAMA are ubiquitous in the cosmos, steady, long lasting POAM fluxes will be ubiquitous as well. Conclusions. Our results, which include theory, benchtop laboratory data, and wave optic simulation, indicate that, under the right conditions, POAM fluxes can reach over 50% of the total photon flux. An initial set of on-sky experimental observations appear to corroborate the laboratory results with two of the five stars, HR 1529 and HR 1577, showing POAM fluxes of 3% +/- 1% and 2% +/- 1% of the total flux, and a third, HR 1895, with a PAOM flux of up to 17% +/- 2% of the total flux. C1 [Sanchez, D. J.; Reynolds, O. R.] Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. [Oesch, D. W.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Sanchez, DJ (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. EM darryl.sanchez@kirtland.af.mil NR 43 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 9 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 556 AR A130 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201219901 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 211GH UT WOS:000323893500130 ER PT J AU Lenz, BL Beachkofsky, TM Kobayashi, TT AF Lenz, Brittany L. Beachkofsky, Thomas M. Kobayashi, Todd T. TI Painful nail with longitudinal erythronychia SO JOURNAL OF FAMILY PRACTICE LA English DT Editorial Material ID SUBUNGUAL GLOMUS TUMOR; OF-THE-LITERATURE C1 [Lenz, Brittany L.] Univ Virginia, Sch Med, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. [Beachkofsky, Thomas M.; Kobayashi, Todd T.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Beachkofsky, TM (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM thomas.beachkofsky@us.af.mil NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU DOWDEN HEALTH MEDIA PI MONTVALE PA 110 SUMMIT AVE, MONTVALE, NJ 07645-1712 USA SN 0094-3509 J9 J FAM PRACTICE JI J. Fam. Pract. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 62 IS 8 BP 429 EP 432 PG 4 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 218WW UT WOS:000324464300007 PM 24143336 ER PT J AU Sudeep, PM Narayanan, TN Ganesan, A Shaijumon, MM Yang, H Ozden, S Patra, PK Pasquali, M Vajtai, R Ganguli, S Roy, AK Anantharaman, MR Ajayan, PM AF Sudeep, Parambath M. Narayanan, Tharangattu N. Ganesan, Aswathi Shaijumon, Manikoth M. Yang, Hyunseung Ozden, Sehmus Patra, Prabir K. Pasquali, Matteo Vajtai, Robert Ganguli, Sabyasachi Roy, Ajit K. Anantharaman, Maliemadom R. Ajayan, Pulickel M. TI Covalently Interconnected Three-Dimensional Graphene Oxide Solids SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE graphene oxide; 3D solids; CO2 adsorption; chemical cross-linking; reduced graphene oxide ID REDUCED GRAPHENE; FACILE ROUTE; AEROGELS; 2D; REDUCTION; FOAMS; 1D AB The creation of three-dimensionally engineered nanoporous architectures via covalently interconnected nanoscale building blocks remains one of the fundamental challenges in nanotechnology. Here we report the synthesis of ordered, stacked macroscopic three-dimensional (3D) solid scaffolds of graphene oxide (GO) fabricated via chemical cross linking of two-dimensional, GO building blocks. The resulting 3D GO network solids form highly porous interconnected structures, and the controlled reduction of these structures leads to formation of 3D conductive graphene scaffolds. These 3D architectures show promise for potential applications such as gas storage; CO2 gas adsorption measurements carried out under ambient conditions show high sorption capacity, demonstrating the possibility of creating new functional carbon solids starting with two-dimensional carbon layers. C1 [Sudeep, Parambath M.; Narayanan, Tharangattu N.; Yang, Hyunseung; Ozden, Sehmus; Vajtai, Robert; Ajayan, Pulickel M.] Rice Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Sudeep, Parambath M.; Anantharaman, Maliemadom R.] Cochin Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Kochi 682022, Kerala, India. [Ganesan, Aswathi; Shaijumon, Manikoth M.] Indian Inst Sci Educ & Res, Sch Phys, Thiruvananthapuram 695016, Kerala, India. [Patra, Prabir K.] Univ Bridgeport, Dept Biomed Engn, Bridgeport, CT 06604 USA. [Pasquali, Matteo] Rice Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Ganguli, Sabyasachi; Roy, Ajit K.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Narayanan, TN (reprint author), CSIR Cent Elect Res Inst, Karaikkudi 630006, Tamil Nadu, India. EM tn_narayanan@yahoo.com; ajayan@rice.edu RI Pasquali, Matteo/A-2489-2008; Manikoth, Shaijumon/B-1706-2009; Ganesan, Aswathi/C-4762-2017 OI Pasquali, Matteo/0000-0001-5951-395X; FU U.S. Department of Defense: U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-12-1-0035] FX The work done at Rice University has been supported by U.S. Department of Defense: U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research for the Project MURI: "Synthesis and Characterization of 3-D Carbon Nanotube Solid Networks" Award No. FA9550-12-1-0035. NR 35 TC 89 Z9 92 U1 20 U2 325 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD AUG PY 2013 VL 7 IS 8 BP 7034 EP 7040 DI 10.1021/nn402272u PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 210DX UT WOS:000323810600065 PM 23845011 ER PT J AU French, DM Shiffler, D Cartwright, K AF French, David M. Shiffler, Don Cartwright, Keith TI Electron beam coupling to a metamaterial structure SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID CERENKOV; PERMITTIVITY; PERMEABILITY; RADIATION; MASER AB Microwave metamaterials have shown promise in numerous applications, ranging from strip lines and antennas to metamaterial-based electron beam driven devices. In general, metamaterials allow microwave designers to obtain electromagnetic characteristics not typically available in nature. High Power Microwave (HPM) sources have in the past drawn inspiration from work done in the conventional microwave source community. In this article, the use of metamaterials in an HPM application is considered by using an effective medium model to determine the coupling of an electron beam to a metamaterial structure in a geometry similar to that of a dielectric Cerenkov maser. Use of the effective medium model allows for the analysis of a wide range of parameter space, including the "mu-negative," "epsilon-negative," and "double negative" regimes of the metamaterial. The physics of such a system are modeled analytically and by utilizing the particle-in-cell code ICEPIC. For this geometry and effective medium representation, optimum coupling of the electron beam to the metamaterial, and thus the optimum microwave or RF production, occurs in the epsilon negative regime of the metamaterial. Given that HPM tubes have been proposed that utilize a metamaterial, this model provides a rapid method of characterizing a source geometry that can be used to quickly understand the basic physics of such an HPM device. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [French, David M.; Shiffler, Don] Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. [Cartwright, Keith] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP French, DM (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The authors wish to thank the Air Force Office of Scientific Research for supporting this project and would also like to thank Dr. Wilkin Tang, Professor Y. Y. Lau, and Dr. John Luginsland for useful discussions as well as Dr. Andrew Greenwood for his computational support. NR 31 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 27 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD AUG PY 2013 VL 20 IS 8 AR 083116 DI 10.1063/1.4817021 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 211XY UT WOS:000323946800092 ER PT J AU Patton, ST Frasca, AJ Talnagi, JW Hyman, DJ Phillips, BS Jones, JG Vaia, RA Voevodin, AA AF Patton, Steven T. Frasca, Albert J. Talnagi, Joseph W. Hyman, Daniel J. Phillips, Benjamin S. Jones, John G. Vaia, Richard A. Voevodin, Andrey A. TI Effect of Space Radiation on the Leakage Current of MEMS Insulators SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Charge trapping; leakage current; microelectromechanical devices; reliability testing; space radiation ID LOW-EARTH-ORBIT; TEMPERATURE SILICON-NITRIDE; SEMICONDUCTOR-DEVICES; ELECTRICAL BREAKDOWN; ELECTROSTATIC FORCE; DISPLACEMENT DAMAGE; MIM CAPACITORS; DIOXIDE FILMS; SYSTEMS MEMS; THIN-FILMS AB The effect of space radiation on the reliability of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) devices is an important consideration for future upper atmosphere and space applications. MEMS capacitors with insulator materials of silicon nitride (Si3N4), silicon oxide (SiO2), and ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD) were selected for radiation and leakage current studies. Leakage current was used as a measure of insulator performance and reliability, and is suggested here as a method to detect charge trapping, which also affects reliability. UNCD capacitors were orders of magnitude leakier than Si3N4 and SiO2, with Si3N4 being leakier than SiO2 center dot SiO2 devices exhibited unstable leakage current with accumulated electric field stress, and were not utilized in radiation studies. Si3N4 capacitors exhibited leakage current decay (with a time constant of 190 s) under constant voltage stress above 2 MV/cm due to charge injection from the electrodes and trapping in the insulator. Si3N4 and UNCD capacitors were more sensitive to ionizing gamma radiation than to displacement damage from fast neutrons. Both Si3N4 and UNCD devices survived total doses of radiation representative of 20-100 years in the Van Allen radiation belts with 4 mm Al equivalent shielding. Capacitor equivalent circuit and resistor capacitor (RC) circuit charging models are developed to explain leakage current behavior of Si3N4 capacitors subjected to constant voltage stress and/or irradiation. In situ monitoring of Si3N4 capacitors placed next to the nuclear reactor core did not yield any single event effects at electric field strength of 1 MV/cm with a fast neutron fluence of 2 x 10(12) n/cm(2). Si3N4 MEMS capacitors appear best suited for upper atmosphere and space applications with their relatively low leakage current (low power consumption) and apparent radiation hardness. C1 [Patton, Steven T.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Frasca, Albert J.] Univ Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Talnagi, Joseph W.] Ohio State Univ, Reactor Lab, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. [Hyman, Daniel J.] XCOM Wireless Inc, Signal Hill, CA 90755 USA. [Phillips, Benjamin S.; Jones, John G.; Vaia, Richard A.; Voevodin, Andrey A.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Patton, ST (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM steven.patton.ctr@wpafb.af.mil; afrasca@wittenberg.edu; talnagi.1@osu.edu; dhyman@xcomwireless.net; Benjamin.Phillips@wpafb.af.mil; John.Jones@wpafb.af.mil; Richard.Vaia@wpafb.af.mil; Andrey.Voevodin@wpafb.af.mil RI Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013 NR 65 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 6 U2 40 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 60 IS 4 BP 3074 EP 3083 DI 10.1109/TNS.2013.2263840 PN 2 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 205NT UT WOS:000323451800030 ER PT J AU Alarcon, GM Edwards, JM Clark, PC AF Alarcon, Gene M. Edwards, Jean M. Clark, Patrick C. TI Coping strategies and first year performance in postsecondary education SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACADEMIC-PERFORMANCE; PERSONNEL-SELECTION; COGNITIVE-ABILITY; COLLEGE-STUDENTS; JOB-PERFORMANCE; PERSONALITY; METAANALYSIS; MOTIVATION; VALIDITY; STRESS AB Coping was hypothesized to explain additional variance in first year grade point averages (GPAs) controlling for cognitive ability and conscientiousness. First year GPAs were assessed as criterion for performance in the first year. Results indicate active coping, denial, behavioral disengagement, and alcohol disengagement are related to first year GPA. Denial and alcohol disengagement coping strategies were significant predictors and negatively related to first year GPA in the final regression equation controlling for cognitive ability and conscientiousness. Latent growth modeling analysis demonstrated cognitive ability predicted both the intercept and slope of first year GPA. Conscientiousness was a predictor of initial GPA but not change. Lastly, coping was a significant predictor of change in GPA. Implications for research and theory are discussed. C1 [Alarcon, Gene M.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Edwards, Jean M.; Clark, Patrick C.] Wright State Univ, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Alarcon, GM (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Psychol, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM gene.alarcon@wright.edu NR 55 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-9029 J9 J APPL SOC PSYCHOL JI J. Appl. Soc. Psychol. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 43 IS 8 BP 1676 EP 1685 DI 10.1111/jasp.12120 PG 10 WC Psychology, Social SC Psychology GA 199MF UT WOS:000322998000012 ER PT J AU Nguyen, KA Pachter, R Day, PN AF Nguyen, Kiet A. Pachter, Ruth Day, Paul N. TI Computational Prediction of Structures and Optical Excitations for Nanoscale Ultrasmall ZnS and CdSe Clusters SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THEORY AND COMPUTATION LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; AB-INITIO PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; MOLECULAR-ORBITAL METHODS; QUANTUM DOTS; SEMICONDUCTOR CLUSTERS; ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; BASIS-SETS; PHOTOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; STABLE NANOPARTICLES; TRANSITION-ELEMENTS AB Small semiconductor nanoclusters are important for understanding the initial formation and growth of quantum dots and also for application, for example in the tunability provided by size. However, electronic structures and effects of capping ligands have not been systematically characterized. Thus, ground and excited state calculations using coupled-cluster methods were carried out to provide benchmarks for evaluating the applicability of density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TDDFT) with different functionals for the ground and excited states, respectively. Our computed data suggests that the popular B3LYP functional does not deliver optimal results for the ground and excited state. While the PBEO functional was found to provide a good description for both the ground and excited states for small bare (ZnS)(n) and bare and ligated (CdSe)(n) clusters, the results for the hydrated (ZnS)(n) clusters were found to deteriorate significantly. However, the errors appear to decrease with increasing cluster size. Excitation energies obtained with the long-range hybrid CAM-B3LYP and CA-B3LYP were found to provide more consistent results for both anhydrous and hydrated (ZnS)(n) clusters. However, their performance in spectral predictions for larger clusters requires further study. Using PBEO, electronic structures of the ground and excited states for (ZnS)(n) and (CdSe)(n) up to n = 37 using DFT and TDDFT, respectively, were re-examined. With the exception of the cage-core (ZnS)(13), (CdSe)(13), and (CdSe)(14), small (ZnS)(n) and (CdSe)(n) are predicted to be spheroids and tubular structures (6, 8-12, 15-19) with squares and hexagons, similar to the structures of carbon single-wall nanotubes. Wurtzite (n = 23-27, 36, 37) and cage-core (n = 29-35) structures are energetically more favorable for larger clusters. We find that water and amines increase the intensities and blue shift the excitations of bare clusters. One photon absorption spectra predicted by TDDFT with the PCM solvation model for (CdSe-methylamine)(13) and the larger ligated (CdSe)(33) are consistent with the experimental spectra. C1 [Nguyen, Kiet A.; Pachter, Ruth; Day, Paul N.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Nguyen, Kiet A.] Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Day, Paul N.] Gen Dynam Informat Technol Inc, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. RP Nguyen, KA (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Kiet.Nguyen@wpafb.af.mil; Ruth.Pachter@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX This research has been supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and by CPU time from the Air Force Research Laboratory DoD Supercomputing Resource Center. NR 80 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 7 U2 86 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1549-9618 EI 1549-9626 J9 J CHEM THEORY COMPUT JI J. Chem. Theory Comput. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 9 IS 8 BP 3581 EP 3596 DI 10.1021/ct4001944 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 202DK UT WOS:000323193500033 PM 26584113 ER PT J AU Chen, MJ Abriola, LM Amos, BK Suchomel, EJ Pennell, KD Loeffler, FE Christ, JA AF Chen, Mingjie Abriola, Linda M. Amos, Benjamin K. Suchomel, Eric J. Pennell, Kurt D. Loeffler, Frank E. Christ, John A. TI Microbially enhanced dissolution and reductive dechlorination of PCE by a mixed culture: Model validation and sensitivity analysis SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE PCE; NAPL; Enhanced dissolution; Modeling; Model verification; Reductive dechlorination ID NONAQUEOUS PHASE LIQUID; SATURATED SUBSURFACE SYSTEMS; MASS-TRANSFER RATES; IN-SOURCE ZONES; TETRACHLOROETHENE DNAPL; FIELD-EVALUATION; COMPETITION; KINETICS; BIOAUGMENTATION; BIODEGRADATION AB Reductive dechlorination catalyzed by organohalide-respiring bacteria is often considered for remediation of non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL) source zones due to cost savings, ease of implementation, regulatory acceptance, and sustainability. Despite knowledge of the key dechlorinators, an understanding of the processes and factors that control NAPL dissolution rates and detoxification (i.e., ethene formation) is lacking. A recent column study demonstrated a 5-fold cumulative enhancement in tetrachloroethene (PCE) dissolution and ethene formation (Amos et al., 2009). Spatial and temporal monitoring of key geochemical and microbial (i.e., Geobacter lovleyi and Dehalococcoides mccartyi strains) parameters in the column generated a data set used herein as the basis for refinement and testing of a multiphase, compositional transport model. The refined model is capable of simulating the reactive transport of multiple chemical constituents produced and consumed by organohalide-respiring bacteria and accounts for substrate limitations and competitive inhibition. Parameter estimation techniques were used to optimize the values of sensitive microbial kinetic parameters, including maximum utilization rates, biomass yield coefficients, and endogenous decay rates. Comparison and calibration of model simulations with the experimental data demonstrate that the model is able to accurately reproduce measured effluent concentrations, while delineating trends in dechlorinator growth and reductive dechlorination kinetics along the column. Sensitivity analyses performed on the optimized model parameters indicate that the rates of PCE and cis-1,2-dichloroethene (cis-DCE) transformation and Dehalococcoides growth govern bioenhanced dissolution, as long as electron donor (i.e., hydrogen flux) is not limiting. Dissolution enhancements were shown to be independent of cis-DCE accumulation; however, accumulation of cis-DCE, as well as column length and flow rate (i.e., column residence time), strongly influenced the extent of reductive dechlorination. When cis-DCE inhibition was neglected, the model over-predicted ethene production ten-fold, while reductions in residence time (i.e., a two-fold decrease in column length or two-fold increase in flow rate) resulted in a more than 70% decline in ethene production. These results suggest that spatial and temporal variations in microbial community composition and activity must be understood to model, predict, and manage bioenhanced NAPL dissolution. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Chen, Mingjie] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Atmospher Earth & Energy Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Abriola, Linda M.; Pennell, Kurt D.] Tufts Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Medford, MA 02155 USA. [Amos, Benjamin K.] Geosyntec Consultants, Kennesaw, GA 30144 USA. [Suchomel, Eric J.] Geosyntec Consultants, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. [Loeffler, Frank E.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Loeffler, Frank E.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Microbiol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Loeffler, Frank E.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Christ, John A.] US Air Force Acad, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Christ, JA (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Suite 6J-159, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM john.christ@usafa.edu RI Loeffler, Frank/M-8216-2013; Pennell, Kurt/F-6862-2010 OI Pennell, Kurt/0000-0002-5788-6397 FU Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) [W912HQ-04-0006, ER-1293, W91HQ-08-C-0003, ER-1612, W912HQ-13-C-0011, ER-2311] FX This research was supported by the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) under contract W912HQ-04-0006 (Project ER-1293), contract W91HQ-08-C-0003 (Project ER-1612), and contract W912HQ-13-C-0011 (Project ER-2311). This content of this manuscript has not been subject to agency review and does not necessarily represent the view of the agency sponsor. NR 61 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 53 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 151 BP 117 EP 130 DI 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2013.05.005 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 204XF UT WOS:000323403900009 PM 23774611 ER PT J AU Crisp, HC Gomez, RA White, KM Quinn, JM AF Crisp, Howard C. Gomez, Robert A. White, Kevin M. Quinn, James M. TI A side-by-side comparison of Rotorod and Burkard pollen and spore collections SO ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VENTURIA-INAEQUALIS; TRAP; ASCOSPORES; SAMPLERS AB Background: The Rotorod sampler and Burkard spore trap are 2 devices commonly used to quantify airborne particles. Objective: To evaluate the differences in collections between the 2 devices for a wide range of plant pollens and fungal spores. Methods: Pollens and spores were collected simultaneously with each device on 167 days during a 1-year period. Results: The Burkard yielded significantly higher total and individual mold spore counts. It yielded statistically higher total grass, total weed, and Urticaceae daily pollen counts, although the absolute differences were small. Daily counts were positively correlated between the 2 devices for the most abundant pollens and mold spores. Conclusion: The Burkard spore trap collects many more mold spores than the Rotorod over a wide variety of species. The Burkard also yielded higher total grass, total weed, and Urticaceae daily pollen counts. Despite these differences, however, either device can be used to follow trends in the most abundant pollen and mold spores. (c) 2013 American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Crisp, Howard C.; Gomez, Robert A.; White, Kevin M.; Quinn, James M.] Wilford Hall Ambulatory Surg Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Crisp, HC (reprint author), Wilford Hall Ambulatory Surg Ctr, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM howard.crisp@us.af.mil OI White, Kevin/0000-0001-7723-3257 NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1081-1206 J9 ANN ALLERG ASTHMA IM JI Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 111 IS 2 BP 118 EP 125 DI 10.1016/j.anai.2013.05.021 PG 8 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 198OK UT WOS:000322932000009 PM 23886230 ER PT J AU Arias, E Moggio, I Torres, R Ziolo, RF Maldonado, JL Green, K Cooper, TM Wicks, G Rebane, A Drobizhev, M Makarov, NS Ottonelli, M Dellepiane, G AF Arias, Eduardo Moggio, Ivana Torres, Roman Ziolo, Ronald F. Maldonado, Jose-Luis Green, Kirk Cooper, Thomas M. Wicks, Geoffrey Rebane, Aleksander Drobizhev, Mikhail Makarov, Nikolay S. Ottonelli, Massimo Dellepiane, Giovanna TI Direct Synthesis of 2,5-Bis(dodecanoxy)phenyleneethynylene-Butadiynes by Sonogashira Coupling Reaction SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Alkynes; Conjugation; Chain structures; Nonlinear optics; UV; Vis spectroscopy ID 2-PHOTON ABSORPTION; MOLECULAR WIRES; EXCITED-STATE; DYNAMICS; CHROMOPHORES; ENHANCEMENT; OLIGOMERS; POLYMERS; IONS; ARYL AB The synthesis of a 2,5-bis(dodecanoxy)phenyleneethynylene-butadiyne series with 2, 4, 6 and 8 phenyl rings is reported. Sonogashira coupling reaction, rather than the Glaser/Eglinton/Hay reactions classically used for butadiyne formation was applied. The molecular structures of all compounds were confirmed by H-1, DEPT-135, APT C-13, MALDI-TOF, FTIR and FT-Raman analyses. The linear and nonlinear optical properties were studied in solution by UV/Vis, static and time-resolved fluorescence, and by two-photon absorption (2PA) spectroscopy. With the exception of the dimer, for which intersystem crossing is very favoured due to the low energy gap between the singlet and triplet states as theoretically predicted, the other oligomers present high fluorescence quantum yields (0.77-0.82) and large cross-sections (up to 5000 GM for the octamer) that could be applied in multiphoton microscopy or nonlinear optics. C1 [Arias, Eduardo; Moggio, Ivana; Torres, Roman; Ziolo, Ronald F.] Ctr Invest Quim Aplicada, Saltillo 25294, Coahuila, Mexico. [Maldonado, Jose-Luis] Ctr Invest Opt, Leon 37150, Spain. [Green, Kirk] McMaster Univ, Dept Chem, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. [Cooper, Thomas M.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Wicks, Geoffrey; Rebane, Aleksander; Drobizhev, Mikhail; Makarov, Nikolay S.] Montana State Univ, Dept Phys, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Ottonelli, Massimo; Dellepiane, Giovanna] Univ Genoa, Dipartimento Chim & Chim Ind, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. RP Moggio, I (reprint author), Ctr Invest Quim Aplicada, Blvd Enrique Reyna 140, Saltillo 25294, Coahuila, Mexico. EM ivana.moggio@ciqa.edu.mx FU Mexican National Council for Science and Technology (CONACYT) [98513R]; United States Air Force Office for Scientific Research (AFOSR) [FA9550-10-1-0173] FX The authors wish to acknowledge the Mexican National Council for Science and Technology (CONACYT) for financial support through project 98513R and the United States Air Force Office for Scientific Research (AFOSR) through grant FA9550-10-1-0173. NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 40 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1434-193X EI 1099-0690 J9 EUR J ORG CHEM JI Eur. J. Org. Chem. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 2013 IS 24 BP 5341 EP 5352 DI 10.1002/ejoc.201300230 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 199YJ UT WOS:000323031500018 ER PT J AU Mariano, ER Lehr, MK Loland, VJ Bishop, ML AF Mariano, Edward R. Lehr, Megan K. Loland, Vanessa J. Bishop, Michael L. TI Choice of loco-regional anesthetic technique affects operating room efficiency for carpal tunnel release SO JOURNAL OF ANESTHESIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 35th Annual Regional Anesthesia Meeting and Workshops CY APR 22-25, 2010 CL Toronto, CANADA DE Ultrasound; Anesthesia; Conduction; Nerve block; Bier block; Operating room efficiency ID PERIPHERAL-NERVE BLOCK; BIER BLOCK; ULTRASOUND; WRIST; FOREARM; ULNAR; DISCHARGE; GUIDANCE; SURGERY; HAND AB Intravenous regional anesthesia (Bier block) is indicated for minor procedures such as carpal tunnel release but must be performed in the operating room. We hypothesize that preoperative peripheral nerve blocks decrease anesthesia-controlled time compared to Bier block for carpal tunnel release. With IRB approval, we reviewed surgical case data from a tertiary care university hospital outpatient surgery center for 1 year. Unilateral carpal tunnel release cases were grouped by anesthetic technique: (1) preoperative nerve blocks, or (2) Bier block. The primary outcome was anesthesia-controlled time (minutes). Secondary outcomes included surgical time and time for nerve block performance in minutes, when applicable. Eighty-nine cases met criteria for analysis (40 nerve block and 49 Bier block). Anesthesia-controlled time [median (10th-90th percentiles)] was shorter for the nerve block group compared to Bier block [11 (6-18) vs. 13 (9-20) min, respectively; p = 0.02). Surgical time was also shorter for the nerve block group vs. the Bier block group [13 (8-21) and 17 (10-29) min, respectively; p < 0.01), but nerve blocks took 10 (5-28) min to perform. Ultrasound-guided nerve blocks performed preoperatively reduce anesthesia-controlled time compared to Bier block and may be a useful anesthetic modality in some practice environments. C1 [Mariano, Edward R.] VA Palo Alto Hlth Care Syst, Dept Anesthesia, Anesthesiol & Perioperat Care Serv, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Mariano, Edward R.] Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Lehr, Megan K.] USAF, Biloxi, MS USA. [Loland, Vanessa J.] Univ Washington, Dept Anesthesiol & Pain Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Bishop, Michael L.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Anesthesiol, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Mariano, ER (reprint author), VA Palo Alto Hlth Care Syst, Dept Anesthesia, Anesthesiol & Perioperat Care Serv, 3801 Miranda Ave 112A, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. EM emariano@stanford.edu OI Mariano, Edward/0000-0003-2735-248X NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER JAPAN KK PI TOKYO PA CHIYODA FIRST BLDG EAST, 3-8-1 NISHI-KANDA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 101-0065, JAPAN SN 0913-8668 J9 J ANESTH JI J. Anesth. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 27 IS 4 BP 611 EP 614 DI 10.1007/s00540-013-1578-8 PG 4 WC Anesthesiology SC Anesthesiology GA 202VQ UT WOS:000323248700019 PM 23460418 ER PT J AU Bisek, NJ Rizzetta, DP Poggie, J AF Bisek, Nicholas J. Rizzetta, Donald P. Poggie, Jonathan TI Plasma Control of a Turbulent Shock Boundary-Layer Interaction SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; DIRECT NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; HIGH-ORDER METHOD; COMPRESSION-RAMP; DIFFERENCE-SCHEMES; FLOW; VORTEX; WALL AB The Navier Stokes equations were solved using a high-fidelity time-implicit numerical scheme and an implicit large-eddy simulation approach to investigate plasma-based flow control for supersonic flow over a compression ramp. The configuration included a flat-plate region to develop an equilibrium turbulent boundary layer at Mach 2.25, which was validated against a set of experimental measurements. The fully turbulent boundary-layer flow traveled over a 24 deg ramp and produced an unsteady shock-induced separation. A control strategy to suppress the separation through a magnetically-driven surface-discharge actuator was explored. The size, strength, and placement of the model actuator were based on recent experiments at the Princeton University Applied Physics Group. Three control scenarios were examined: steady control, pulsing with a 50% duty cycle, and a case with significant Joule heating. The control mechanism was very effective at reducing the time-mean separation length for all three cases. The steady control case was the most effective, with a reduction in the separation length of more than 75%. The controller was also found to significantly reduce the low-frequency content of the turbulent kinetic energy spectra within the separated region and reduce the total turbulent kinetic energy downstream of reattachment. C1 [Bisek, Nicholas J.; Rizzetta, Donald P.] US Air Force Res Lab, RQAC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Poggie, Jonathan] US Air Force Res Lab, RQAC, High Speed Flow Res Grp, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Bisek, NJ (reprint author), US Air Force Res Lab, RQAC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [LRIR 12RB01COR] FX The first author would like to thank D. Garmann for his useful discussions regarding FDL3DI, signal analysis, and Matlab scripts. In addition, the authors would like to thank M. Visbal and D. Gaitonde for their valuable conversations and advice. This work was sponsored in part by the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) under grant LRIR 12RB01COR, monitored by J. Schmisseur, AFOSR/RSA. The computational resources were supported by a grant of supercomputer time from the U.S. Department of Defense Supercomputing Resource Center at the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center (Vicksburg, MS) and the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory (Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH). NR 73 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 27 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 EI 1533-385X J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 51 IS 8 BP 1789 EP 1804 DI 10.2514/1.J052248 PG 16 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 193JZ UT WOS:000322557400001 ER PT J AU Mullenix, NJ Gaitonde, DV Visbal, MR AF Mullenix, Nathan J. Gaitonde, Datta V. Visbal, Miguel R. TI Spatially Developing Supersonic Turbulent Boundary Layer with a Body-Force-Based Method SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; SHOCK-INDUCED SEPARATION; INFLOW CONDITIONS; UNSTEADINESS; GENERATION; FLOW; ORGANIZATION AB A method to obtain a spatially developing equilibrium supersonic turbulent flat-plate boundary layer suitable for direct numerical simulations or large-eddy simulations of viscous/inviscid interactions is described. A steady counterflow actuator with properties based on a dielectric barrier discharge is employed to trip an incoming laminar boundary layer. The resulting unstable shear layer transitions rapidly and breaks down to generate the desired turbulent boundary layer. A fifth-order bandwidth and order optimized weighted essentially nonoscillatory scheme using Roe fluxes is used along with sixth-order viscous terms to simulate this process. The properties of the boundary layer are exhaustively analyzed on meshes of 65, 37, and 20 million grid points. The fine-grid solution agrees with the mean flow and statistical properties observed in the literature, and is used as a truth model to investigate results on smaller meshes. The medium-grid solution reproduces the fine-grid behavior with modest differences in some quantities. The coarse-grid solution shows delayed transition and reproduces some flow quantities with significant discrepancies in others. Anticipated coherent structures are observed to exist on all grids. An examination of the length scale and timescale of the turbulence shows no signature of the tripping mechanism. C1 [Mullenix, Nathan J.; Gaitonde, Datta V.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Visbal, Miguel R.] US Air Force Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mullenix, NJ (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Ohio Research Scholars Program FX This work has been supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (monitor: John Schmisseur) and the Ohio Research Scholars Program. The authors are grateful for a grant of high-performance computing time from the U.S. Department of Defense Supercomputing Resource Centers at the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory and U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, and from the Ohio Supercomputer Center. The authors acknowledge many fruitful discussions with Nathan Webb and Mo Samimy of The Ohio State University Gas Dynamics and Turbulence Laboratory. NR 60 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 EI 1533-385X J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 51 IS 8 BP 1805 EP 1819 DI 10.2514/1.J051861 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 193JZ UT WOS:000322557400002 ER PT J AU Jee, S Mejia, ODL Moser, RD Muse, JA Kutay, AT Calise, AJ AF Jee, SolKeun Lopez Mejia, Omar D. Moser, Robert D. Muse, Jonathan A. Kutay, Ali T. Calise, Anthony J. TI Simulation of Rapidly Maneuvering Airfoils with Synthetic Jet Actuators SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID EQUATION TURBULENCE MODEL; DETACHED-EDDY SIMULATION; AERODYNAMIC FLOW-CONTROL; SEPARATION CONTROL; REYNOLDS AB Synthetic jet actuators are investigated for rapidly maneuvering airfoils that are regulated by a closed-loop control system. To support active flow-control simulations performed here, the closed-loop system and vehicle dynamics are coupled with computational fluid dynamics. High-frequency sinusoidal pitching simulations with and without synthetic jet actuation indicate that the current synthetic jet actuators provide bidirectional change in aerodynamic forces during rapid maneuvers whose time scales are of the same order as the flow time scales. Responses of a wind-tunnel airfoil are well represented in the current simulations, which allows us to predict the response of the system for dynamic conditions representative of free flight. The control system is able to execute rapid free-flight maneuvers. It is observed that the controller is responding to small fluctuations caused by vortex shedding from the trailing-edge actuators. C1 [Jee, SolKeun] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Adv Supercomp Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Lopez Mejia, Omar D.] Univ Andes, Dept Mech Engn, CO-0001 Bogota, Colombia. [Moser, Robert D.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Mech Engn, Inst Computat Engn & Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Muse, Jonathan A.] US Air Force Res Lab, Air Vehicle Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Kutay, Ali T.] Middle E Tech Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, TR-06531 Ankara, Turkey. [Calise, Anthony J.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Aerosp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Jee, S (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Adv Supercomp Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-05-1-0411]; Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative; NASA FX This work was supported by the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (grant FA9550-05-1-0411) and the Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative. Although this study was finished during the graduate study of the first author at the University of Texas at Austin, the first author thanks the NASA Postdoctoral Program administrated by Oak Ridge Associated Universities for supports to write this paper up at the NASA Ames Research Center. The authors would like to thank Daniel Brzozowski and An Glezer at the Georgia Institute of Technology for providing the wind-tunnel experimental data. The authors also wish to acknowledge Gianluca Iaccarino at Stanford University for providing CDPv2.3. NR 43 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 51 IS 8 BP 1883 EP 1897 DI 10.2514/1.J052080 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 193JZ UT WOS:000322557400008 ER PT J AU Dunkley, R AF Dunkley, Richard TI Supporting a Wide Variety of Communication Protocols Using Dynamic Partial Reconfiguration SO IEEE INSTRUMENTATION & MEASUREMENT MAGAZINE LA English DT Article C1 CAPRE Grp, Hill AFB, UT USA. RP Dunkley, R (reprint author), CAPRE Grp, Hill AFB, UT USA. EM Richard.Dunkley@hill.af.mil FU Common Aircraft Portable Reprogramming Equipment and Program Loader programs of the 309th Maintenance Wing, 309th Software Maintenance Group, 520th Squadron, MXDED Flight at Hill Air Force Base, Utah FX This work was made possible by the ASEE SMART Scholarship program (smart.asee.org). Additional funding was provided in part by the Common Aircraft Portable Reprogramming Equipment and Program Loader programs of the 309th Maintenance Wing, 309th Software Maintenance Group, 520th Squadron, MXDED Flight at Hill Air Force Base, Utah. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1094-6969 J9 IEEE INSTRU MEAS MAG JI IEEE Instrum. Meas. Mag. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 16 IS 4 BP 26 EP 32 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 195TB UT WOS:000322725400005 ER PT J AU Talcott, GW Cigrang, J Sherrill-Mittleman, D Snyder, DK Baker, M Tatum, J Cassidy, D Sonnek, S Balderrama-Durbin, C Klesges, RC Ebbert, JO Slep, AM Heyman, RE AF Talcott, G. Wayne Cigrang, Jeffrey Sherrill-Mittleman, Deborah Snyder, Douglas K. Baker, Monty Tatum, JoLyn Cassidy, Daniel Sonnek, Scott Balderrama-Durbin, Christina Klesges, Robert C. Ebbert, Jon O. Slep, Amy M. Heyman, Richard E. TI Tobacco Use During Military Deployment SO NICOTINE & TOBACCO RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SMOKELESS TOBACCO; SMOKING-CESSATION; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; DUAL-USE; PERSONNEL; COHORT; FORCE AB Introduction: Tobacco use among military personnel is associated with significant health care expenditures, lost productivity, and compromised combat readiness. The prevalence remains high among military personnel and may increase in high-risk situations such as deployment. We assessed the prevalence of tobacco use across the deployment cycle, changes in tobacco use (nonuse, continued use, initiation/harm escalation, cessation/harm reduction) during deployment, and the impact of deployment history on tobacco use. Method: Cigarette smoking, smokeless tobacco (ST) use, and dual tobacco use were evaluated among 278 U.S. Air Force Security Forces personnel undertaking a 1-year deployment to a high-threat combat environment. Multinomial regression was used to examine prediction of tobacco use patterns both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Results: More than half (53%-63%) of all Security Forces used tobacco at all stages of the deployment cycle. Individual tobacco use trajectories showed significant differences in prevalence rates of initiation/harm escalation and cessation/harm reduction when comparing the transition from predeployment to the deployed environment versus returning to postdeployment status. Airmen who had deployed more than once previously had a higher likelihood of using ST use at predeployment and engaging in dual tobacco use during deployment. Conclusions: Findings suggest the potential benefit of targeted or universal interventions at each stage of the deployment cycle to reduce the onset, maintenance, or escalation of tobacco use behaviors in the U.S. military. C1 [Talcott, G. Wayne; Klesges, Robert C.] Univ Tennessee, Ctr Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. [Sherrill-Mittleman, Deborah] St Jude Childrens Res Hosp, Memphis, TN 38105 USA. [Snyder, Douglas K.; Balderrama-Durbin, Christina] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Psychol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Baker, Monty; Tatum, JoLyn; Cassidy, Daniel; Sonnek, Scott] Wilford Hall Ambulatory Surg Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. [Ebbert, Jon O.] Mayo Clin, Rochester, MN USA. [Slep, Amy M.; Heyman, Richard E.] NYU, Dept Cardiol & Comprehens Care, New York, NY USA. RP Talcott, GW (reprint author), 59-MDW SGOWMP,2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM wtalcott@uthsc.edu FU U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command [D61_I_10_J5_100] FX This work was supported in part by an award from the Military Operational Medicine Research Program, U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, to Jeffrey Cigrang (D61_I_10_J5_100). NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1462-2203 J9 NICOTINE TOB RES JI Nicotine Tob. Res. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 15 IS 8 BP 1348 EP 1354 DI 10.1093/ntr/nts267 PG 7 WC Substance Abuse; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Substance Abuse; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 187CF UT WOS:000322093700003 PM 23299184 ER PT J AU Banerjee, PP Evans, DR Lee, W Reshetnyak, VY Tansu, N AF Banerjee, Partha P. Evans, Dean R. Lee, Wei Reshetnyak, Victor Yu Tansu, Nelson TI Hybrid organic-inorganic materials for photonic applications SO OPTICAL MATERIALS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-CRYSTAL; NANOPARTICLES; BATIO3 AB This novel joint feature issue on "Hybrid organic-inorganic materials for photonic applications" in Applied Optics and Optics Materials Express comprises 14 papers on liquid crystals, polymers, photoconductive materials, and gratings and filters. It is hoped that this feature issue encourages and stimulates further research to into hybrid materials with enhanced linear and nonlinear optical properties, their mechanisms of operation, and their applications. (C) 2013 Optical Society of America C1 [Banerjee, Partha P.] Univ Dayton, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Banerjee, Partha P.] Univ Dayton, Electroopt Program, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Evans, Dean R.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Lee, Wei] Natl Chiao Tung Univ, Coll Photon, Tainan 71150, Taiwan. [Reshetnyak, Victor Yu] Natl Taras Shevchenko Univ Kyiv, Phys Fac, UA-01601 Kiev, Ukraine. [Tansu, Nelson] Lehigh Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr Photon & Nanoelect, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. RP Banerjee, PP (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM pbanerjee1@udayton.edu RI Tansu, Nelson/A-2309-2008; Reshetnyak, Victor/B-6722-2008 OI Tansu, Nelson/0000-0002-3811-9125; Reshetnyak, Victor/0000-0003-0515-9814 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 43 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2159-3930 J9 OPT MATER EXPRESS JI Opt. Mater. Express PD AUG 1 PY 2013 VL 3 IS 8 BP 1149 EP 1151 DI 10.1364/OME.3.001149 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA 194JZ UT WOS:000322630100015 ER PT J AU Lorenz, A Zimmermann, N Kumar, S Evans, DR Cook, G Martinez, MF Kitzerow, HS AF Lorenz, Alexander Zimmermann, Natalie Kumar, Satyendra Evans, Dean R. Cook, Gary Martinez, Manuel Fernandez Kitzerow, Heinz-S. TI X-ray scattering of nematic liquid crystal nanodispersion with negative dielectric anisotropy [Invited] SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article AB A nematic liquid crystal (LC) mixture was doped with harvested ferroelectric BaTiO3 nanoparticles and investigated with wide- and small-angle x-ray scattering upon heating from the nematic to the isotropic phase. At moderate temperatures, colloidal crystallites were observed. LC test cells with homeotropic anchoring were placed in the x-ray beam and the realignment of the LC director was investigated upon applying an electric field. (C) 2013 Optical Society of America C1 [Lorenz, Alexander; Zimmermann, Natalie; Kitzerow, Heinz-S.] Univ Paderborn, Dept Chem, D-33098 Paderborn, Germany. [Kumar, Satyendra] Kent State Univ, Dept Phys, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Evans, Dean R.] Mat & Mfg Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Cook, Gary] Azimuth Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Martinez, Manuel Fernandez] European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. RP Kitzerow, HS (reprint author), Univ Paderborn, Dept Chem, Warburger Str 100, D-33098 Paderborn, Germany. EM Heinz.Kitzerow@upb.de FU German Research Foundation [KI 411/14, GRK 1464]; European Science Foundation; European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF); U.S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0001412] FX The authors thank Theyencheri Narayanan (ESRF) for helpful discussions. Support by the German Research Foundation (KI 411/14 and GRK 1464), the European Science Foundation (EURO-CORES, SONS II, "Self-organized nanostructures"), the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) proposal HD-538, and (SK by) the U.S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences grant DE-SC0001412, is gratefully acknowledged. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 16 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD AUG 1 PY 2013 VL 52 IS 22 BP E1 EP E5 DI 10.1364/AO.52.0000E1 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 193OP UT WOS:000322569800001 PM 23913081 ER PT J AU Rudzki, A Evans, DR Cook, G Haase, W AF Rudzki, Arkadiusz Evans, Dean R. Cook, Gary Haase, Wolfgang TI Size dependence of harvested BaTiO3 nanoparticles on the electro-optic and dielectric properties of ferroelectric liquid crystal nanocolloids SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID FREQUENCY; COLLOIDS; SN2P2S6; MIXTURE AB The influence of the size of harvested barium titanate nanoparticles on the properties of ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC) nanocolloids was investigated by electro-optical and dielectric methods. The spontaneous polarization and the switching time are decreased for the liquid crystalline nanocolloids compared to nondoped FLC mixtures of different dipole strengths; this dependence is stronger for small size particles (9 nm) and weaker for larger size particles (26 nm) by the same concentration in weight. The decrease of the Goldstone mode (GM) relaxation frequency and the decrease of the dielectric GM absorption strength of the nanocomposites compared to the nondoped FLC mixture go stepwise with the increase of the nanoparticles diameter. Results have been interpreted via strong interaction between the FLC dipoles and the dipoles of the highly polar barium titanate nanoparticles. (C) 2013 Optical Society of America C1 [Rudzki, Arkadiusz; Haase, Wolfgang] Tech Univ Darmstadt, Eduard Zintl Inst Anorgan & Phys Chem, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany. [Evans, Dean R.; Cook, Gary] Mat & Mfg Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Cook, Gary] Azimuth Corp, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Rudzki, Arkadiusz] Siedlce Univ Nat Sci & Humanities, Inst Chem, PL-08110 Siedlce, Poland. RP Rudzki, A (reprint author), Tech Univ Darmstadt, Eduard Zintl Inst Anorgan & Phys Chem, Petersenstr 30, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany. EM Dean.Evans@wpafb.af.mil; haase@chemie.tu-darmstadt.de FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [782/98-1] FX W. H. acknowledged financial support by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft via Ha 782/98-1. We are thankful to Dr. A. Lapanik for supporting us with the FLC mixtures, for some cell preparations and for fruitful discussions. We would also like to thank Dr. Sergey Basun for his valuable input. NR 46 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 39 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD AUG 1 PY 2013 VL 52 IS 22 BP E6 EP E14 DI 10.1364/AO.52.0000E6 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 193OP UT WOS:000322569800002 PM 23913089 ER PT J AU Banerjee, PP Evans, DR Lee, W Reshetnyak, VY Tansu, N AF Banerjee, Partha P. Evans, Dean R. Lee, Wei Reshetnyak, Victor Yu. Tansu, Nelson TI Hybrid organic-inorganic materials for novel photonic applications SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article AB This novel joint feature issue on "Hybrid organic-inorganic materials for photonic applications" in Applied Optics and Optics Materials Express comprises 14 papers on liquid crystals, polymers, photoconductive materials, and gratings and filters. It is hoped that this feature issue encourages and stimulates further research into hybrid materials with enhanced linear and nonlinear optical properties, their mechanisms of operation, and their applications. (C) 2013 Optical Society of America C1 [Banerjee, Partha P.] Univ Dayton, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Electroopt Program, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Evans, Dean R.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Lee, Wei] Natl Chiao Tung Univ, Coll Photon, Tainan 71150, Taiwan. [Reshetnyak, Victor Yu.] Natl Taras Shevchenko Univ Kyiv, Fac Phys, UA-01601 Kiev, Ukraine. [Tansu, Nelson] Lehigh Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ctr Photon & Nanoelect, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. RP Banerjee, PP (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Electroopt Program, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM pbanerjee1@udayton.edu RI Tansu, Nelson/A-2309-2008; Reshetnyak, Victor/B-6722-2008 OI Tansu, Nelson/0000-0002-3811-9125; Reshetnyak, Victor/0000-0003-0515-9814 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 30 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD AUG 1 PY 2013 VL 52 IS 22 BP HM1 EP HM3 DI 10.1364/AO.52.000HM1 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 193OP UT WOS:000322569800013 PM 23913093 ER PT J AU Kyle, BG AF Kyle, Brent G. TI Knowledge as a thick concept: explaining why the Gettier problem arises SO PHILOSOPHICAL STUDIES LA English DT Article DE Knowledge; Thick concepts; Thick terms; Gettier problem; Analysis; Epistemic luck; Veritic luck ID EPISTEMIC LUCK; EXPRESSIVISM AB The Gettier problem has stymied epistemologists. But, whether or not this problem is resolvable, we still must face an important question: Why does the Gettier problem arise in the first place? So far, philosophers have seen it as either a problem peculiar to the concept of knowledge, or else an instance of a general problem about conceptual analysis. But I would like to steer a middle course. I argue that the Gettier problem arises because knowledge is a thick concept, and a Gettier-like problem is just what we should expect from attempts at analyzing a thick concept. Section 2 is devoted to establishing the controversial claim that knowledge is thick, and, in Sect. 3, I show that there is a general problem for analyzing thick concepts of which the Gettier problem is a special instance. I do not take a stand on whether the Gettier problem, or its general counterpart, is resolvable. My primary aim is to bring these problems into better focus. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Philosophy, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Kyle, BG (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Philosophy, 2354 Fairchild Dr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM bgk5@cornell.edu NR 64 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-8116 EI 1573-0883 J9 PHILOS STUD JI Philos. Stud. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 165 IS 1 BP 1 EP 27 DI 10.1007/s11098-012-9919-2 PG 27 WC Philosophy SC Philosophy GA 185GP UT WOS:000321955500001 ER PT J AU Kwon, J Brandes, MC Phani, PS Pilchak, AP Gao, YF George, EP Pharr, GM Mills, MJ AF Kwon, J. Brandes, M. C. Phani, P. Sudharshan Pilchak, A. P. Gao, Y. F. George, E. P. Pharr, G. M. Mills, M. J. TI Characterization of deformation anisotropies in an alpha-Ti alloy by nanoindentation and electron microscopy SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Ti alloy; Nanoindentation; Transmission electron microscopy analysis; Dislocation structures ID SINGLE-CRYSTALS; ORIENTATION; BEHAVIOR AB The crystallographic dependence of the mechanical responses of an alpha-Ti-7 wt.% Al alloy was measured by nanoindentation using spherical and Berkovich indenters. Both elastic moduli and hardness responses of indents on the (0001), ((1) over bar 100) and ((1) over bar2 (1) over bar0) planes were quantified. The dislocation structures resulting from indentation were characterized by electron microscopy. While scanning electron microscopy techniques were used for the observation of surface slip structures, site-specific focused-ion-beam thin foil preparation and scanning transmission electron microscopy techniques were employed for the imaging of sub-surface dislocation structures. Elastic modulus, hardness and load at pop-in were found to vary with crystallographic orientation. Indentation-induced plasticity was found to occur by multiple slip/twin mechanisms and to be dependent on crystal orientation, although < a > slip on (0001) planes was found to be common to all orientations. The observed dislocation structures are rationalized on the basis of theoretical predictions based on the anisotropic elastic contact analysis and resolved shear stress calculations. (C) 2013 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kwon, J.; Brandes, M. C.; Mills, M. J.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43221 USA. [Phani, P. Sudharshan; Gao, Y. F.; George, E. P.; Pharr, G. M.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Pilchak, A. P.] AFRL RXLM, Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Gao, Y. F.; George, E. P.; Pharr, G. M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kwon, J (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43221 USA. EM id1214@gmail.com RI Mills, Michael/I-6413-2013; George, Easo/L-5434-2014; Gao, Yanfei/F-9034-2010 OI Gao, Yanfei/0000-0003-2082-857X FU Center for Defect Physics, an Energy Frontier Research Center; US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences FX This work was sponsored by the Center for Defect Physics, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. NR 19 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 71 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 61 IS 13 BP 4743 EP 4756 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2013.05.005 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 180NH UT WOS:000321601400005 ER PT J AU Lair, AV Mohammed, A AF Lair, Alan V. Mohammed, Ahmed TI Entire Large Solutions to Elliptic Equations of Power Non-linearities with Variable Exponents SO ADVANCED NONLINEAR STUDIES LA English DT Article DE Entire large solution; elliptic equation ID EXISTENCE AB We give conditions on the variable exponent q that ensure the existence and nonexistence of a positive solution to the elliptic equation Delta u = u(q(x)) on R-N (N >= 3) which satisfies lim(vertical bar x vertical bar ->) (infinity) u(x) = infinity. The nonnegative function q is required to be locally Holder continuous on R-N. We prove existence for q > 1 provided q(x) decays to unity rapidly as vertical bar x vertical bar -> infinity. We treat the case q <= 1 as a special case of q - 1 changing signs and show that a solution exists provided q is asymptotically radial. In addition, we give an example to show that our results are nearly optimal. C1 [Lair, Alan V.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Mohammed, Ahmed] Ball State Univ, Dept Math Sci, Muncie, IN 47306 USA. RP Lair, AV (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM alan.lair@afit.edu; amohammed@bsu.edu NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ADVANCED NONLINEAR STUDIES, INC PI SAN ANTONIO PA PO BOX 691204, SAN ANTONIO, TX 78269 USA SN 1536-1365 J9 ADV NONLINEAR STUD JI Adv. Nonlinear Stud. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 13 IS 3 BP 699 EP 719 PG 21 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 179UC UT WOS:000321545800006 ER PT J AU Senseney, CT Krahenbuhl, RA Mooney, MA AF Senseney, Christopher T. Krahenbuhl, Richard A. Mooney, Michael A. TI Genetic Algorithm to Optimize Layer Parameters in Light Weight Deflectometer Backcalculation SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEOMECHANICS LA English DT Article DE Optimization; Algorithms; Nondestructive tests; Soil mechanics; Soil dynamics; Finite element method; Optimization algorithms; Nondestructive tests; Soil mechanics; Soil dynamics; Finite-element model AB The light weight deflectometer (LWD) is a portable, nondestructive testing device that can estimate pavement layer parameters, namely moduli. Conventional backcalculation of layer parameters from LWD deflections is formulated as an inverse problem where predicted vertical deflections are matched to observed vertical deflections using a gradient search algorithm. In this paper, we present an LWD backcalculation scheme to recover layer parameters, including top-layer thickness, of a two-layer earthwork system. Our approach resolves the problem using a dynamic finite-element (FE) model for the forward calculation of LWD deflection data and implements a genetic algorithm (GA) as the inverse solver. The objective function we minimize is formulated as a measure of the data misfit between predicted and observed data, normalized by the peak deflections, and it includes 180 data points from the dynamic deflection time history. The objective function contains multiple local minima that can potentially trap gradient search algorithms, thus validating application of GA as a global search technique for this problem. The GA is applied to both synthetic and experimental data, and we demonstrate that the recovered top-layer thickness, top-layer modulus, and underlying modulus for the experimental data compare favorably with expected values. (C) 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Senseney, Christopher T.] US Air Force Acad, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Krahenbuhl, Richard A.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geophys, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Mooney, Michael A.] Colorado Sch Mines, Div Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Senseney, CT (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM chrissenseney@gmail.com; rkrahenb@mines.edu; mooney@mines.edu NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 11 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1532-3641 J9 INT J GEOMECH JI Int. J. Geomech. PD AUG 1 PY 2013 VL 13 IS 4 BP 473 EP 476 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0000222 PG 4 WC Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA 180SW UT WOS:000321618000016 ER PT J AU Schmidt, H AF Schmidt, Harry TI Flight Testing at Edwards AFB in the 1950s. SO MECHANICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article C1 [Schmidt, Harry] Edwards AFB, Edwards AFB, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0025-6501 EI 1943-5649 J9 MECH ENG JI Mech. Eng. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 135 IS 8 BP 65 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA AQ0PJ UT WOS:000342484900024 ER PT J AU Wyman, DO AF Wyman, Daniel O. TI A Culture of Patient Safety in Military Medicine SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Headquarters Air Combat Command, Langley Afb, VA 23665 USA. RP Wyman, DO (reprint author), Headquarters Air Combat Command, 162 Dodd Blvd, Langley Afb, VA 23665 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 EI 1930-613X J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 178 IS 8 BP 825 EP 826 DI 10.7205/MILMED-D-13-00183 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA AN7UB UT WOS:000340805400001 PM 23929040 ER PT J AU Semiatin, SL Kinsel, KT Pilchak, AL Sargent, GA AF Semiatin, S. L. Kinsel, K. T. Pilchak, A. L. Sargent, G. A. TI Effect of Process Variables on Transformation-Texture Development in Ti-6Al-4V Sheet Following Beta Heat Treatment SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ALPHA-PHASE TRANSFORMATION; MEASURED EBSD DATA; VARIANT SELECTION; GRAIN-GROWTH; TITANIUM-ALLOY; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; TEMPERATURE; ORIENTATION; EVOLUTION; STRAIN AB The effect of preheat time, prestrain, cooling rate, and concurrent deformation during cooling on the preferential selection of hcp alpha variants during the decomposition of the high-temperature, bcc beta phase in two-phase titanium alloys was established using Ti-6Al-4V sheet material. For this purpose, sheet tension samples were pre-soaked in the beta phase field for 0 or 10 minutes (to vary the beta grain size), subjected to a prestrain of 0 or 0.1, and cooled at a rate of 11 or 155 K/min (11 or 155 A degrees C/min) under conditions comprising free ends, fixed ends, or concurrent deformation at a strain rate between similar to 10(-5) and 3 x 10(-4) s(-1). Electron-backscatter diffraction was used to determine the orientations of the alpha variants so formed, from which the underlying high-temperature, beta-grain microstructure and orientations were reconstructed. These measurements revealed that the parent beta texture changed due to grain growth during preheating. A comparison of the alpha- and beta-phase textures indicated that preferential variant selection was most noticeable under conditions involving a slow cooling rate especially when prestrain or concurrent straining was imposed. C1 [Semiatin, S. L.; Pilchak, A. L.] USAF, AFRL RXCM, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Kinsel, K. T.] Wright State Univ, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Sargent, G. A.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Semiatin, SL (reprint author), USAF, AFRL RXCM, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Lee.Semiatin@wpafb.af.mil RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 FU [FA8650-09-2-5800]; [FA8650-04-D-5235] FX This work was conducted as part of the in-house research of the Metals Branch of the Air Force Research Laboratory's Materials and Manufacturing Directorate. The support and encouragement of the Laboratory management is gratefully acknowledged. Two of the authors were supported under Air Force contracts FA8650-09-2-5800 (KTK) and FA8650-04-D-5235 (GAS). Technical discussions with M.G. Glavicic (Rolls-Royce, Indianapolis, IN) and A.A. Salem (Materials Resources, LLC) are greatly appreciated. NR 32 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 44 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 44A IS 8 BP 3852 EP 3865 DI 10.1007/s11661-013-1735-6 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 165DC UT WOS:000320462100041 ER PT J AU Kulkarni, SU Hoffman, WP Thies, MC AF Kulkarni, Sourabh U. Hoffman, Wesley P. Thies, Mark C. TI The molecular structures comprising catalytically polymerized pyrene pitch SO CARBON LA English DT Article ID ASSISTED-LASER-DESORPTION/IONIZATION; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; PETROLEUM PITCH; ALKALI-METALS; CARBON-FIBERS; IDENTIFICATION; CARBONIZATION; CONSTITUENTS; EXTRACTION; PYROLYSIS AB Key molecular species present in a model pyrene pitch catalytically polymerized (using AlCl3) from pure pyrene have been unambiguously identified. Packed-column, dense-gas extraction, using supercritical toluene as the solvent, was used to fractionate the pitch into monomer- and dimer-rich cuts. The resultant fractions were then analyzed for molecular-structure information via matrix-assisted, laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry and by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV-vis detection. Results indicate that only one of the possible isomers of pyrene dimer, that is, 1.14,7.8-dibenzoperopyrene, is present. In addition, mono-, di-, and tri-methylated pyrenes, which are completely absent in the starting pyrene, are present in the pyrene pitch in small but nontrivial (i.e., several per cent) quantities. Furthermore, the purity of the starting pyrene has no discernable impact on the relative amounts of alkylated pyrene species that are produced. A portion of the pyrene dimers, trimers, and tetramers are similarly alkylated. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kulkarni, Sourabh U.; Thies, Mark C.] Clemson Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Ctr Adv Engn Fibers & Films, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Hoffman, Wesley P.] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RQRC, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Thies, MC (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Ctr Adv Engn Fibers & Films, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM mcths@clemson.edu FU Center for Advanced Engineering Fibers and Films (CAEFF) at Clemson University; Air Force Research Laboratory, AFRL/RQRC FX The support of the Center for Advanced Engineering Fibers and Films (CAEFF) at Clemson University, and of the Air Force Research Laboratory, AFRL/RQRC, is gratefully acknowledged. The authors thank Prof. Ya-Ping Sun (Clemson University, Department of Chemistry) for his helpful suggestions and for the use of his HPLC/PDA instrumentation, and Dr. Ha Nguyen (Clemson University) for his help with the GC/MS analysis. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PD AUG PY 2013 VL 59 BP 33 EP 39 DI 10.1016/j.carbon.2013.02.021 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 165MZ UT WOS:000320489300003 ER PT J AU Alway-Cooper, RM Anderson, DP Ogale, AA AF Alway-Cooper, Rebecca M. Anderson, David P. Ogale, Amod A. TI Carbon black modification of mesophase pitch-based carbon fibers SO CARBON LA English DT Article ID THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; COMPRESSIONAL BEHAVIOR; MICROSTRUCTURE; STABILIZATION; CARBONIZATION; STRENGTH AB The effects of carbon black (CB) on the microstructural development within mesophase pitch-based carbon fibers are reported. Unlike carbon nanotubes, which were previously studied for modifying fiber microstructure, CB represents a significantly lower cost alternative making it more favorable for industrial application. Additionally, the aspect ratio of CB is much closer to unity than carbon nanotubes, which have an aspect ratio similar to 100 to 1000. Fibers were produced by first dispersing CB into a synthetic mesophase pitch at a dilute concentration of 0.3 wt%. These precursor materials were spun and then processed into carbon fibers. Unmodified (0 wt%) carbon fibers exhibited a severe radial texture with increasing orientation of graphitic pleats away from the fiber core. Carbon fibers modified with CB showed a strong flat layer structure, with only a slight increase in pleat folding away from the core. This difference in structure was also accompanied by a decrease in the number of fibers that exhibited "pac-man" splitting. No discernable reduction was observed in the graphitic crystallinity (interplanar spacing and crystallite size) or axial orientation of crystallites within the fiber, as a result of nanomodification. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Alway-Cooper, Rebecca M.; Ogale, Amod A.] Clemson Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Alway-Cooper, Rebecca M.; Ogale, Amod A.] Clemson Univ, Ctr Adv Engn Fibers & Films, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Anderson, David P.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, AFRL RX, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Anderson, David P.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Ogale, AA (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Chem Engn, 127 Earle Hall, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM ogale@clemson.edu FU US Air Force [FA8650-05-D-5052, FA8650-10-D-5011, F33615-00-D5006, F33615-03-D5801]; DOE-EPSCoR [DE-FG02-07ER46364] FX The authors would like to acknowledge the US Air Force for funding this research via contract numbers FA8650-05-D-5052, FA8650-10-D-5011, F33615-00-D5006 and F33615-03-D5801 (AFRL project monitor: Dr. Karla Strong). Partial funding (for authors RAC and AAO) from DOE-EPSCoR grant number DE-FG02-07ER46364 is also acknowledged. NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 59 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PD AUG PY 2013 VL 59 BP 40 EP 48 DI 10.1016/j.carbon.2013.02.048 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 165MZ UT WOS:000320489300004 ER PT J AU Ganguli, S Reed, A Jayasinghe, C Sprengard, J Roy, AK Voevodin, AA Muratore, C AF Ganguli, Sabyasachi Reed, Amber Jayasinghe, Chaminda Sprengard, Joe Roy, Ajit K. Voevodin, Andrey A. Muratore, Chris TI A simultaneous increase in the thermal and electrical transport in carbon nanotube yarns induced by inter-tube metallic welding SO CARBON LA English DT Article ID SHEETS AB Vertically aligned arrays of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) were decorated with gold (Au) nanoparticles of different diameter and areal densities and spun into yarns. The melting point of Au nanoparticles determined by differential scanning calorimetry was approximately 260 degrees C, well below the oxidation temperature of carbon. A continuous yam was formed while pulling out a bundle of CNTs from the metalized CNT array. Relatively low temperature (300 degrees C) thermal processing of the metalized yam resulted in a 30% improvement in thermal conductivity, 40% increase in electrical conductivity and a 4x increase in elastic modulus. Cross-sections of the yam were examined with transmission electron microscopy to characterize the physical nature of the metal-nanotube interface. The deposition procedure described to decorate the nanotube yarns is easily scalable to larger CNT arrays or other configurations for commercial applications, such as medical implants, lightweight conductors, smart uniforms for the soldiers, and conformal electronics in aerospace industry. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ganguli, Sabyasachi; Reed, Amber; Roy, Ajit K.; Voevodin, Andrey A.; Muratore, Chris] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Nanoelect Mat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Ganguli, Sabyasachi] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Jayasinghe, Chaminda; Sprengard, Joe] Gen Nano LLC, Cincinnati, OH 45212 USA. [Muratore, Chris] Univ Dayton, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Ganguli, S (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Nanoelect Mat Branch, 2941 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM sabyasachi.ganguli@wpafb.al.mil RI Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research under the Low Density Materials Program [FA8650-09-D-5307] FX The authors would like to thank the Air Force Office of Scientific Research for funding this work under the Low Density Materials Program managed by Dr. j. Harrison and Air Force contract FA8650-09-D-5307. The authors are grateful for discussions and assistance from j. Bultman from the University of Dayton Research Institute and J. Ferguson and S. Putnam at the Air Force Research Laboratory NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 70 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 EI 1873-3891 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PD AUG PY 2013 VL 59 BP 479 EP 486 DI 10.1016/j.carbon.2013.03.042 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 165MZ UT WOS:000320489300049 ER PT J AU Stanford, B Beran, P AF Stanford, Bret Beran, Philip TI Minimum-mass panels under probabilistic aeroelastic flutter constraints SO FINITE ELEMENTS IN ANALYSIS AND DESIGN LA English DT Article DE Aeroelastic flutter; Reliability-based design optimization; Elastic panels ID DESIGN OPTIMIZATION; UNCERTAINTY QUANTIFICATION; STRUCTURAL OPTIMIZATION; RELIABILITY; PLATE; OSCILLATIONS; BIFURCATION; STIFFNESS AB Aeroelastic flutter is a dangerous failure mode, and aircraft structural components are designed under a deterministic flutter margin. Meeting this safety factor may result in overly-conservative structures, however, an alternative approach incorporates uncertainties into the computational models, and imposes a maximum allowable flutter probability during the optimization process. This technique is demonstrated for the variable-thickness design of an elastic panel subjected to supersonic flow. A performance measure approach based on the first-order reliability method incorporates probabilistic flutter constraints during the search for a minimum-mass panel. Optimization results are given for uncertainties in the panel's boundary conditions, and for non-deterministic thickness design variables. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Stanford, Bret; Beran, Philip] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Stanford, B (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM bretkennedystanford@gmail.com FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Laboratory Task [03VA01COR] FX This work is sponsored by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Laboratory Task 03VA01COR, monitored by Dr. Fariba Fahroo. NR 47 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-874X J9 FINITE ELEM ANAL DES JI Finite Elem. Anal. Des. PD AUG-SEP PY 2013 VL 70-71 BP 15 EP 26 DI 10.1016/j.finel.2013.03.001 PG 12 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mechanics SC Mathematics; Mechanics GA 169AR UT WOS:000320749800002 ER PT J AU Wang, WJ Bhattacharjee, S Chatterjee, M Kwiat, K AF Wang, Wenjing Bhattacharjee, Shameek Chatterjee, Mainak Kwiat, Kevin TI Collaborative jamming and collaborative defense in cognitive radio networks SO PERVASIVE AND MOBILE COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE Cognitive radio networks; Jamming power distribution; Collaborative attacks; Collaborative defense; Spectrum hopping ID WIRELESS NETWORKS AB In cognitive radio networks, cognitive nodes operate on a common pool of spectrum where they opportunistically access and use parts of the spectrum not being used by others. Though cooperation among nodes is desirable for efficient network operations and performance, there might be some malicious nodes whose objective could be to hinder communications and disrupt network operations. The absence of a central authority or any policy enforcement mechanism makes these kinds of open-access network more vulnerable and susceptible to attacks. In this paper, we analyze a common form of denial-of-service attack, i.e., collaborative jamming. We consider a network in which a group of jammers tries to jam the channels being used by legitimate users who in turn try to evade the jammed channels. First, we compute the distribution of the jamming signal that a node experiences by considering a random deployment of jammers. Then, we propose different jamming and defending schemes that are employed by the jammers and legitimate users, respectively. In particular, we model and analyze the channel availability when the legitimate users randomly choose available channels and the jammers jam different channels randomly. We propose a multi-tier proxy-based cooperative defense strategy to exploit the temporal and spatial diversity for the legitimate secondary users in an infrastructure-based centralized cognitive radio network. Illustrative results on spectrum availability rates show how to improve resiliency in cognitive radio networks in the presence of jammers. (C) 2012 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Wenjing; Bhattacharjee, Shameek; Chatterjee, Mainak] Univ Cent Florida, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Kwiat, Kevin] USAF, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Chatterjee, M (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. EM wenjing@eecs.ucf.edu; shameek@eecs.ucf.edu; mainak@eecs.ucf.edu; kevin.kwiat@rl.af.mil FU National Science Foundation [CCF-0950342]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) FX This research was supported by National Science Foundation, under award no. CCF-0950342 and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR). Approved for Public Release; Distribution Unlimited: 88ABW-2012-3749 dated 02 July 2012. NR 27 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-1192 J9 PERVASIVE MOB COMPUT JI Pervasive Mob. Comput. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 9 IS 4 BP 572 EP 587 DI 10.1016/j.pmcj.2012.06.008 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA 166IG UT WOS:000320547300010 ER PT J AU Odejide, OO Bentley, ES Kondi, LP Matyjas, JD AF Odejide, Olusegun O. Bentley, Elizabeth S. Kondi, Lisimachos P. Matyjas, John D. TI Effective Resource Management in Visual Sensor Networks With MPSK SO IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Cross layer optimization; game theory; MPSK; Nash bargaining solution; visual sensor network AB The problem of resource management in a Direct Sequence Code Division Multiple Access (DS-CDMA) wireless Visual Sensor Network (VSN) with M-array Phase Shift Keying (MPSK) modulation in an Additive White Gaussian Network (AWGN) channel was considered in this paper. Achieving maximum video quality, in spite of the prevailing network resource constraints, is of utmost importance in VSN applications. Our optimization scheme is based on the Nash Bargaining Solution (NBS). The nodes in the network negotiate in order to determine their transmission parameters (transmission powers; source and channel coding rates for each node). The task is to optimize the transmission powers (which are continuous) and the source and channel coding rates (which are discrete) for all the network nodes, while taking advantage of the improved bandwidth spectral efficiency provided by the higher order constellation. C1 [Odejide, Olusegun O.; Bentley, Elizabeth S.; Matyjas, John D.] USAF, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. [Kondi, Lisimachos P.] Univ Ioannina, Dept Comp Sci, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece. RP Odejide, OO (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. EM femiodejide@yahoo.com NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1070-9908 J9 IEEE SIGNAL PROC LET JI IEEE Signal Process. Lett. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 20 IS 8 BP 739 EP 742 DI 10.1109/LSP.2013.2265912 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 161JM UT WOS:000320189100001 ER PT J AU Shanmugam, V Penmetsa, R Tuegel, E Clay, S AF Shanmugam, Venkateswaran Penmetsa, Ravi Tuegel, Eric Clay, Stephen TI Stochastic modeling of delamination growth in unidirectional composite DCB specimens using cohesive zone models SO COMPOSITE STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE Cohesive zone model; Bridging law; FEA; Response surface; Optimization ID LATIN-HYPERCUBE DESIGNS; FRACTURE AB Delamination between plies is the most common failure mode in composite laminates that can cause fiber breakage and reduction in life of the composite. Currently Mode-I interlaminar fracture toughness or critical energy release rate of a composite is measured using double cantilever beam (DCB) with unidirectional composites (ASTM D5528). Unlike metals, the energy plot of a DCB specimen shows increase in energy release rate with increase in crack length. Also during testing the steady state energy release rate from each of the samples of the same batch shows a lot of variation due to fiber cross-over bridging that occurs only in unidirectional composites. In this study, a probabilistic Cohesive Zone Model (CZM) is developed to capture steady state energy release rate variations of 51 mm crack size DCB specimens based on unidirectional composite (IM7/977-3) test data. Then using the probabilistic CZM, the energy release rate variations of 76.2 mm crack size DCB model are predicted and compared to the test results. The predictions showed good agreement with the experiments suggesting a probabilistic CZM is capable of simulating the delamination process in unidirectional composites. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Shanmugam, Venkateswaran] Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Penmetsa, Ravi; Tuegel, Eric; Clay, Stephen] USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate RBSM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Shanmugam, V (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM venkat.shanmugam5@gmail.com; ravi.penmetsa@wpafb.af.mil; eric.tuegel@wpafb.af.mil; stephen.clay@wpafb.af.mil FU Mid West Structural Sciences Center (MSSC); US Air Force Research Laboratory Air Vehicles Directorate [FA8650-06-2-3620]; Dayton Area Graduate Studies Institute; Wright State University, Mechanical and Materials Engineering Department FX The first author would like to greatly acknowledge the financial support of the Mid West Structural Sciences Center (MSSC). MSSC is supported by the US Air Force Research Laboratory Air Vehicles Directorate under the Contract No. FA8650-06-2-3620. Support for the graduate student is provided by the Dayton Area Graduate Studies Institute and Wright State University, Mechanical and Materials Engineering Department. This document is approved for public release (AFRL-88ABW-2011-4183) on July 28, 2011. NR 24 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0263-8223 J9 COMPOS STRUCT JI Compos. Struct. PD AUG PY 2013 VL 102 BP 38 EP 60 DI 10.1016/j.compstruct.2013.01.020 PG 23 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 153WX UT WOS:000319634600005 ER PT J AU Coppage, R Slocik, JM Ramezani-Dakhel, H Bedford, NM Heinz, H Naik, RR Knecht, MR AF Coppage, Ryan Slocik, Joseph M. Ramezani-Dakhel, Hadi Bedford, Nicholas M. Heinz, Hendrik Naik, Rajesh R. Knecht, Marc R. TI Exploiting Localized Surface Binding Effects to Enhance the Catalytic Reactivity of Peptide-Capped Nanoparticles SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-SURFACES; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; PD NANOPARTICLES; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; PALLADIUM; ADSORPTION; GOLD; NANOCATALYSTS; SIMULATION; MONOLAYERS AB Peptide-based methods represent new approaches to selectively produce nanostructures with potentially important functionality. Unfortunately, biocombinatorial methods can only select peptides with target affinity and not for the properties of the final material. In this work, we present evidence to demonstrate that materials-directing peptides can be controllably modified to substantially enhance particle functionality without significantly altering nanostructural morphology. To this end, modification of selected residues to vary the site-specific binding strength and biological recognition can be employed to increase the catalytic efficiency of peptide-capped Pd nanoparticles. These results represent a step toward the de novo design of materials-directing peptides that control nanopartide structure/function relationships. C1 [Coppage, Ryan; Bedford, Nicholas M.; Knecht, Marc R.] Univ Miami, Dept Chem, Coral Gables, FL 33146 USA. [Slocik, Joseph M.; Bedford, Nicholas M.; Naik, Rajesh R.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Ramezani-Dakhel, Hadi; Heinz, Hendrik] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. RP Naik, RR (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM rajesh.naik@wpafb.af.mil; knecht@miami.edu RI Heinz, Hendrik/E-3866-2010 OI Heinz, Hendrik/0000-0002-6776-7404 FU National Science Foundation [CBET-1157431, DMR-0955071]; AFRL/RX; UM CAS Dissertation Year Fellowship; National Research Council Research Associateship award; AFOSR FX This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. CBET-1157431 (M.K), DMR-0955071 (H.H.), and by AFRL/RX and AFOSR (H. H. and R.N.). RC. acknowledges fellowship support from the UM CAS Dissertation Year Fellowship, while N.B. is supported by the National Research Council Research Associateship award. Computational resources from the Ohio Supercomputing Center are also acknowledged. NR 33 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 6 U2 73 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUL 31 PY 2013 VL 135 IS 30 BP 11048 EP 11054 DI 10.1021/ja402215t PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 196DF UT WOS:000322752900036 PM 23865951 ER PT J AU Pendleton, SJ Bowman, S Carter, C Gundersen, MA Lempert, W AF Pendleton, S. J. Bowman, S. Carter, C. Gundersen, M. A. Lempert, W. TI The production and evolution of atomic oxygen in the afterglow of streamer discharge in atmospheric pressure fuel/air mixtures SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; TRANSIENT PLASMA IGNITION; DENSITY-MEASUREMENTS; SPECTROSCOPY; QUIESCENT; AIR AB In this work two-photon absorption laser-induced fluorescence was used to measure oxygen atom (O) concentrations in streamer discharge afterglow in a variety of fuel/air mixtures in order to account for the O reaction pathways in transient plasma ignition. It is demonstrated that O atoms are generated in high concentration (similar to 5 x 10(17) cm(-3)) directly below the high-voltage anode in a point-to-plane geometry. The corresponding lifetimes in air were on the order of hundreds of microseconds. Fuel chemistry provides consumption pathways via chain branching reactions even without sustained combustion, and the corresponding O-atom lifetimes were much shorter than in air and dependent on the fuel concentration. At the richest conditions, corresponding to a fuel-air equivalence ratio of 2.4, O lifetimes were on the order a few microseconds or less. These experimental results are compared to modelling estimates in order to better understand the role of atomic oxygen in the chemical processes leading to ignition. C1 [Pendleton, S. J.; Gundersen, M. A.] Univ So Calif, Pulsed Power Res Grp, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Bowman, S.; Lempert, W.] Ohio State Univ, Michael A Chaszeyka Nonequilibrium Thermodynam La, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Carter, C.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pendleton, SJ (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Pulsed Power Res Grp, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM spendlet@usc.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research MURI program in Plasma Assisted Combustion; Propulsion Directorate's Summer Research Fellowship; Office of Naval Research; NumerEx LLC; National Science Foundation FX The authors would like to thank Igor Adamovich for discussions on chemical kinetics. In addition, the authors would like to thank the Air Force Office of Scientific Research MURI program in Plasma Assisted Combustion-Chiping Li technical monitor, the Propulsion Directorate's Summer Research Fellowship, the Office of Naval Research, NumerEx LLC and the National Science Foundation-Steven Gitomer technical monitor for support of this research. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 17 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD JUL 31 PY 2013 VL 46 IS 30 AR 305202 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/46/30/305202 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 180RC UT WOS:000321611600015 ER PT J AU Puddu, V Slocik, JM Naik, RR Perry, CC AF Puddu, Valeria Slocik, Joseph M. Naik, Rajesh R. Perry, Carole C. TI Titania Binding Peptides as Templates in the Biomimetic Synthesis of Stable Titania Nanosols: Insight into the Role of Buffers in Peptide-Mediated Mineralization SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID NONHYDROLYTIC SYNTHESIS; TIO2 NANOPARTICLES; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; DIOXIDE; BIOMINERALIZATION; ADSORPTION; PHOSPHATE; PROTEIN; ANATASE; SURFACE AB In this Article, we report the unusual behavior of two peptides (Ti-1 (QPYLFATDSLIK) and Ti-2 (GHTHYHAVRTQT) with high affinity for titania that efficiently promote titania mineralization from an aqueous titanium bisammonium lactatodihydroxide (TiBALDH) solution, yielding small (ca. 4 nm) titania nanoparticles. As a result, we were able to produce for the first time using a biomimetic approach highly stable sub-10-nm titania sols. Both sequences show a high titania mineralization activity per unit peptide concentration and capacity to control particle size and stabilize nanoparticles through specific surface interactions. We also show that phosphate ions disrupt the controlled particle formation and stabilization achieved in the presence of the two peptides. The products obtained from phosphate buffered solutions are titanium-containing materials (not pure oxide) with poor morphological control similar to those previously reported by others. Our results provide important insights into understanding the mechanism of titania mineralization in a range of different aqueous media (water, Tris, and phosphate buffer). C1 [Puddu, Valeria; Perry, Carole C.] Nottingham Trent Univ, Sch Sci & Technol, Interdisciplinary Biomed Res Ctr, Nottingham NG11 8NS, England. [Slocik, Joseph M.; Naik, Rajesh R.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Perry, CC (reprint author), Nottingham Trent Univ, Sch Sci & Technol, Interdisciplinary Biomed Res Ctr, Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS, England. EM carole.perry@ntu.ac.uk OI Puddu, Valeria/0000-0001-5079-5508 FU American AFOSR [FA9550-10-1-0024] FX We thank the American AFOSR (Grant: FA9550-10-1-0024) for their funding of this study. NR 34 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 7 U2 84 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD JUL 30 PY 2013 VL 29 IS 30 BP 9464 EP 9472 DI 10.1021/la401777x PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 195IH UT WOS:000322695000020 PM 23815089 ER PT J AU Murray, PT Back, TC Cahay, MM Fairchild, SB Maruyama, B Lockwood, NP Pasquali, M AF Murray, P. T. Back, T. C. Cahay, M. M. Fairchild, S. B. Maruyama, B. Lockwood, N. P. Pasquali, M. TI Evidence for adsorbate-enhanced field emission from carbon nanotube fibers SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EMITTERS; STATES; MICROSCOPY; LIGHT; TIP AB We used residual gas analysis (RGA) to identify the species desorbed during field emission (FE) from a carbon nanotube (CNT) fiber. The RGA data show a sharp threshold for H-2 desorption at an external field strength that coincides with a breakpoint in the FE data. A comprehensive model for the gradual transition of FE from adsorbate-enhanced CNTs at low bias to FE from CNTs with reduced H-2 adsorbate coverage at high bias is developed which accounts for the gradual desorption of the H-2 adsorbates, alignment of the CNTs at the fiber tip, and importance of self-heating effects with applied bias. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Murray, P. T.; Back, T. C.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Cahay, M. M.] Univ Cincinnati, Spintron & Vacuum Nanoelect Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Fairchild, S. B.; Maruyama, B.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wpfab, OH 45433 USA. [Lockwood, N. P.] Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Pasquali, M.] Rice Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Smalley Inst Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Houston, TX 77251 USA. [Pasquali, M.] Rice Univ, Dept Chem, Smalley Inst Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Houston, TX 77251 USA. RP Murray, PT (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RI Pasquali, Matteo/A-2489-2008 OI Pasquali, Matteo/0000-0001-5951-395X FU Air Force Contract at the Materials & Manufacturing Directorate (AFRL/RXAP) [FA8650-11-D-5401]; AFOSR [FA9550-09-1-0590] FX We thank N. Behabtu, C. C. Young, and D. E. Tsentalovich for providing the CNT fibers. This work was supported by Air Force Contract FA8650-11-D-5401 at the Materials & Manufacturing Directorate (AFRL/RXAP) and by AFOSR Grant FA9550-09-1-0590. The authors thank John Luginsland and Joycelyn Harris at AFOSR for supporting this work. NR 32 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 30 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 29 PY 2013 VL 103 IS 5 AR 053113 DI 10.1063/1.4817516 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 195SD UT WOS:000322723000084 ER PT J AU Esfahani, NN Peale, RE Buchwald, WR Fredricksen, CJ Hendrickson, JR Cleary, JW AF Esfahani, N. Nader Peale, R. E. Buchwald, W. R. Fredricksen, C. J. Hendrickson, J. R. Cleary, J. W. TI Millimeter-wave photoresponse due to excitation of two-dimensional plasmons in InGaAs/InP high-electron-mobility transistors SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; MODES AB A polarized photoresponse to mm-wave radiation over the frequency range of 40 to 108 GHz is demonstrated in a grating-gated high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) formed by an InGaAs/InP heterostructure. The photoresponse is observed within the plasmon resonance absorption band of the HEMT, whose gate consists of a 9 mu m period grating that couples incident radiation to plasmons in the 2D electron gas. Gate-bias changes the channel carrier concentration, causing a corresponding change in photoresponse in agreement with theoretical expectations for the shift in the plasmon resonance band. The noise equivalent power is estimated to be 235 pW/Hz(1/2). (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Esfahani, N. Nader; Buchwald, W. R.] Solid State Sci Corp, Nashua, NH 03060 USA. [Esfahani, N. Nader; Peale, R. E.; Fredricksen, C. J.] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Phys, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Esfahani, N. Nader; Hendrickson, J. R.; Cleary, J. W.] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Buchwald, W. R.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02125 USA. RP Esfahani, NN (reprint author), Solid State Sci Corp, 12 Simon St, Nashua, NH 03060 USA. EM Nima.Nader.ctr@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; AFOSR LRIR [12RY10COR]; AFOSR under LRIR [12RY05COR]; [FA95501010030] FX This work was supported by Air Force Office of Scientific Research. N.N.E. and J.W.C. acknowledge AFOSR LRIR No. 12RY10COR (Program Officer Dr. Gernot Pomrenke). R.E.P. acknowledges Grant No. FA95501010030. J.R.H. would also like to acknowledge support from AFOSR under LRIR No. 12RY05COR. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 21 PY 2013 VL 114 IS 3 AR 033105 DI 10.1063/1.4813511 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 188OQ UT WOS:000322202700005 ER PT J AU Huang, DH Easter, MM Wellems, LD Mozer, H Gumbs, G Cardimona, DA Maradudin, AA AF Huang, Danhong Easter, M. Michelle Wellems, L. David Mozer, Henry Gumbs, Godfrey Cardimona, D. A. Maradudin, A. A. TI Dynamic and static control of the optical phase of guided p-polarized light for near-field focusing at large angles of incidence SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-PLASMONS; SUBWAVELENGTH APERTURE; ENHANCED TRANSMISSION; HOLE ARRAYS; METAL-FILM; SLITS; BEAM; COHERENCE; RESONANCE; LENSES AB Both dynamic and static approaches are proposed and investigated for controlling the optical phase of a p-polarized light wave guided through a surface-patterned metallic structure with subwavelength features. For dynamic control, the important role of photo-excited electrons in a slit-embedded atomic system with field-induced transparency (FIT) is discovered within a narrow frequency window for modulating the intensity of focused transmitted light in the near-field region. This is facilitated by electromagnetic coupling to surface plasmons between the two FIT-atom embedded slits. The near-field distribution can be adjusted by employing a symmetric (or asymmetric) slit configuration and by a small (or large) slit separation. In addition, the cross-transmission of a light beam is also predicted as a result of this strong coupling between optical transitions in embedded FIT atoms and surface plasmons. For static control, the role of surface curvature is found for focused transmitted light passing through a Gaussian-shaped metallic microlens embedded with a linear array of slits. A negative light-refraction pattern, which is associated with higher-order diffraction modes, was also found for large angles of incidence in the near-field region. This anomalous negative refraction can be suppressed when higher-order waveguide modes of light leak through a very thin film. In addition, this negative refraction can also be suppressed with a reinforced reflection at the left foothill of a Gaussian-shaped slit array of the forward-propagating surface-plasmon wave at large angles of incidence. A prediction is given of near-field focusing of light with its sharpness dynamically controlled by the frequency of the light in a very narrow window. Moreover, a different scheme based on Green's second integral identity is proposed for overcoming a difficulty in calculating the near-field distribution very close to a metallic surface by means of a finite-difference-time-domain method. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Huang, Danhong; Wellems, L. David; Mozer, Henry; Cardimona, D. A.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Easter, M. Michelle; Gumbs, Godfrey] CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, New York, NY 10065 USA. [Maradudin, A. A.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Maradudin, A. A.] Univ Calif Irvine, Inst Surface & Interface Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RP Huang, DH (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); AFRL Phillips Scholars Program FX This research was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR). M.E. and H.M. also would like to thank the support from the AFRL Phillips Scholars Program. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 21 PY 2013 VL 114 IS 3 AR 033106 DI 10.1063/1.4813609 PG 12 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 188OQ UT WOS:000322202700006 ER PT J AU Ahmed, AE Schubert, CM McClish, DK AF Ahmed, Anwar E. Schubert, Christine M. McClish, Donna K. TI Reducing cost in sequential testing: alimit of indifference approach SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE sequential testing; cost; believe the extreme; ROC curve; limit of indifference ID 2 DIAGNOSTIC-TESTS; SCREENING-TESTS; ACCURACY; COMBINATION AB In noninferiority studies, a limit of indifference is used to express a tolerance in results such that the clinician would regard such results as being acceptable or not worse'. We applied this concept to a measure of accuracy, the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve, for a sequence of tests. We expressed a limit of indifference for the range of acceptable sensitivity values and examined the associated cost of testing within this range. In doing so, we generated the minimum cost maximum ROC (MCMROC) curve, which reflects the reduced sensitivity and cost of testing. We compared the MCMROC and its associated cost curve between limits of indifference set to 0.999 [a 0.1% reduction in true positive rate (TPR)], 0.95 (a 5% reduction in TPR), and 1 (no reduction in TPR). The limit of indifference tended to have less of an effect on the MCMROC curves than on the associated cost curves that were greatly affected. Cost was reduced at high false positive rates (FPRs) at higher limit of indifference (0.999) and at small FPRs as the limit of indifference decreased (0.95). These patterns were also observed as applied to sequential strategies used to diagnose diabetes in the Pima Indians. Copyright (c) 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Ahmed, Anwar E.] King Saud bin Abdulaziz Univ Hlth Sci, Coll Publ Hlth & Hlth Informat, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. [Schubert, Christine M.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [McClish, Donna K.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biostat, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. RP Schubert, CM (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM christine.schubertkabban@afit.edu NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0277-6715 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD JUL 20 PY 2013 VL 32 IS 16 BP 2715 EP 2727 DI 10.1002/sim.5741 PG 13 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA 164HW UT WOS:000320400900002 PM 23339070 ER PT J AU Ullrich, B Wang, JS Brown, GJ AF Ullrich, B. Wang, J. S. Brown, G. J. TI Comment on 'Temperature dependent optical properties of PbS nanocrystals' SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material AB We address erroneous statements made by Nordin et al (2012 Nanotechnology 23 275701) claiming the inadequacy of an expression we, Ullrich et al (2011 Appl. Phys. Lett. 99 081901), used to fit the temperature dependence of the photoluminescence and the absorption of PbS quantum dots. We further correct a quote by Nordin et al, who, when referring to our work, mistakenly claimed temperature invariance of the Stokes shift. C1 [Ullrich, B.; Wang, J. S.; Brown, G. J.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ullrich, B (reprint author), UNAM, Inst Ciencias Fis, Av Univ S-N, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico. EM bruno@fis.unam.mx NR 2 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 12 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD JUL 19 PY 2013 VL 24 IS 28 AR 288001 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/24/28/288001 PG 2 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 169JE UT WOS:000320775500013 PM 23792581 ER PT J AU Rice, WD Weber, RT Nikolaev, P Arepalli, S Berka, V Tsai, AL Kono, J AF Rice, W. D. Weber, R. T. Nikolaev, P. Arepalli, S. Berka, V. Tsai, A. -L. Kono, J. TI Spin relaxation times of single-wall carbon nanotubes SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN ADSORPTION; LUTTINGER LIQUID; RESONANCE; ABSORPTION; DONORS AB We have measured temperature (T)- and power-dependent electron spin resonance in bulk single-wall carbon nanotubes to determine both the spin-lattice and the spin-spin relaxation times, T-1 and T-2. We observe that T-1(-1) increases linearly with T from 4 K to 100 K, whereas T-2(-1) decreases by over a factor of two when T is increased from 3 K to 300 K. We interpret the T-1(-1) alpha T trend as spin-lattice relaxation via interaction with conduction electrons (Korringa law) and the decreasing T dependence of T-2(-1) as motional narrowing. By analyzing the latter, we find the spin hopping frequency to be 285 GHz. Last, we show that the Dysonian line shape asymmetry follows a three-dimensional variable-range hopping behavior from 3 K to 20 K; from this scaling relation, we extract a localization length of the hopping spins to be similar to 100 nm. C1 [Rice, W. D.; Kono, J.] Rice Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Rice, W. D.; Kono, J.] Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Weber, R. T.] Bruker BioSpin Corp, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. [Nikolaev, P.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Arepalli, S.] Natl Inst Aerosp, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. [Berka, V.; Tsai, A. -L.] Univ Texas Houston, Sch Med, Houston, TX 77005 USA. RP Kono, J (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Houston, TX 77005 USA. EM kono@rice.edu FU DOE/BES [DEFG02-06ER46308]; NSF [OISE-0530220, OISE-0968405]; Robert A. Welch Foundation [C-1509]; Air Force Research Laboratories [FA8650-05-D-5807]; W. M. Keck Program in Quantum Materials at Rice University; Korean Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology under the World Class University Program [R31-2008-10029]; NIH National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [HL095820] FX This work was supported by the DOE/BES (Grant No. DEFG02-06ER46308), the NSF (Grant Nos. OISE-0530220 and OISE-0968405), the Robert A. Welch Foundation (Grant No. C-1509), the Air Force Research Laboratories (Grant No. FA8650-05-D-5807), the W. M. Keck Program in Quantum Materials at Rice University, the Korean Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology under the World Class University Program (Grant No. R31-2008-10029), and the NIH National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (Grant No. HL095820). We thank Q. Si, A. Imambekov, and R. Hauge for useful discussions. NR 43 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 23 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 15 PY 2013 VL 88 IS 4 AR 041401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.88.041401 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 183SZ UT WOS:000321838800002 ER PT J AU Brown, KC Perram, GP AF Brown, Kirk C. Perram, Glen P. TI Demonstration of a 459-nm pulsed, optically pumped cesium vapor laser SO OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Diode pumped alkali laser; Pulsed laser; Optically pumped alkali vapor laser; Spin orbit mixing; Molecular quenching ID FREQUENCY-UP-CONVERSION; RUBIDIUM LASER; COLLISIONS; ATOMS; RB; BLUE; H-2; CH4 AB We report on the demonstration of a pulsed cesium vapor laser operating in the blue via direct optical excitation of the 7(2)P(3/2) state. The cesium laser may be considered a three-level visible analog to the near infrared diode pumped alkali laser (DPAL). The 6(2)S(1/2)-7(2)P(3/2) pump transition is collisionally broadened by helium. Population is rapidly transferred to the 7(2)P(1/2) state using ethane and lasing was observed on the 459.3 nm 7(2)P(1/2)-6(2)S(1/2) transition. The best results were found with 550 Torr of helium and 100 Torr of ethane at cell temperatures from 90-110 degrees C. Using this setup, the maximum slope efficiency (0.45%) and lowest threshold pump energy (10 mu J/pulse) were obtained. The maximum output energy was 3.3 mu J/pulse, comparable to previous two-photon pumped blue laser demonstrations. Weak blue emission at 459 nm was also observed using 200-500 Torr of helium alone. A time-dependent rate equation model was developed to aid in the discussion of the intermultiplet mixing and strong infrared radiative transitions inherent in this system. A scalable alkali laser system operating in the blue near the Jerlov minimum has several possible communications, optical storage, color display and remote sensing applications. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Brown, Kirk C.; Perram, Glen P.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Brown, KC (reprint author), DTRA, 8725 John J Kingman Rd, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. EM kirk.brown@dtra.mil FU High Energy Laser Joint Technology Office (HEL-JTO) FX This work was funded in part by a grant from the High Energy Laser Joint Technology Office (HEL-JTO). NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0030-4018 J9 OPT COMMUN JI Opt. Commun. PD JUL 15 PY 2013 VL 300 BP 51 EP 57 DI 10.1016/j.optcom.2013.03.002 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 164QJ UT WOS:000320424300011 ER PT J AU Park, J Mitchel, WC Elhamri, S Grazulis, L Altfeder, I AF Park, Jeongho Mitchel, William C. Elhamri, Said Grazulis, Larry Altfeder, Igor TI Abnormal hopping conduction in semiconducting polycrystalline graphene SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID BILAYER GRAPHENE AB We report the observation of an abnormal carrier transport phenomenon in polycrystalline semiconducting graphene grown by solid carbon source molecular beam epitaxy. At the lowest temperatures in samples with small grain size, the conduction does not obey the two-dimensional Mott- type variable-range hopping (VRH) conduction often reported in semiconducting graphene. The hopping exponent p is found to deviate from the 1/3 value expected for Mott VRH with several samples exhibiting a p = 2/5 dependence. We also show that the maximum energy difference between hopping sites is larger than the activation energy for nearest-neighbor hopping, violating the assumptions of the Mott model. The 2/5 dependence more closely agrees with the quasi-one-dimensional VRH model proposed by Fogler, Teber, and Shklovskii (FTS). In the FTS model, conduction occurs by tunneling between neighboring metallic wires. We suggest that metallic edge states and conductive grain boundaries play the role of the metallic wires in the FTS model. C1 [Park, Jeongho; Mitchel, William C.; Grazulis, Larry; Altfeder, Igor] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate AFRL RXAN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Elhamri, Said] Univ Dayton, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Park, J (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate AFRL RXAN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM jeongho.park@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force office of Scientific Research (Harold Weinstock) FX This work was supported by the Air Force office of Scientific Research (Harold Weinstock). We thank G. Landis for technical assistance. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 25 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 11 PY 2013 VL 88 IS 3 AR 035419 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.88.035419 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 183SG UT WOS:000321836900006 ER PT J AU Roy, JN Luckarift, HR Sizemore, SR Farrington, KE Lau, C Johnson, GR Atanassov, P AF Roy, Jared N. Luckarift, Heather R. Sizemore, Susan R. Farrington, Karen E. Lau, Carolin Johnson, Glenn R. Atanassov, Plamen TI Microbial-enzymatic-hybrid biological fuel cell with optimized growth conditions for Shewanella oneidensis DSP-10 SO ENZYME AND MICROBIAL TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Microbial fuel cell; Enzymatic cathode; Shewanella oneidensis; Novel electrode materials; Biofilm ID OUTER-MEMBRANE; MR-1; PUTREFACIENS; CYTOCHROMES; REDUCTION AB In this work we present a biological fuel cell fabricated by combining a Shewanella oneidensis microbial anode and a laccase-modified air-breathing cathode. This concept is devised as an extension to traditional biochemical methods by incorporating diverse biological catalysts with the aim of powering small devices. In preparing the biological fuel cell anode, novel hierarchical-structured architectures and biofilm configurations were investigated. A method for creating an artificial biofilm based on encapsulating microorganisms in a porous, thin film of silica was compared with S. oneidensis biofilms that were allowed to colonize naturally. Results indicate comparable current and power densities for artificial and natural biofilm formations, based on growth characteristics. As a result, this work describes methods for creating controllable and reproducible bio-anodes and demonstrates the versatility of hybrid biological fuel cells. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Roy, Jared N.; Lau, Carolin; Atanassov, Plamen] Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Ctr Emerging Energy Technol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Luckarift, Heather R.; Sizemore, Susan R.; Farrington, Karen E.] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Luckarift, Heather R.; Sizemore, Susan R.; Farrington, Karen E.; Johnson, Glenn R.] Air Force Res Lab, Airbase Technol Div, Tyndall AFB, FL 32043 USA. RP Atanassov, P (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, 1 U NM MSC01 1120, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM plamen@unm.edu FU US Air Force Office of Scientific Research MURI: Fundamentals and Bioengineering of Enzymatic Fuel Cells [FA9550-06-01-0264]; Oak Ridge Associated Universities FX The authors would like to acknowledge Bob Nichols for fabricating molds to scaffold the PHBV/CF electrodes. We would also like to acknowledge Akinbayowa Falase for fabrication of MWCNT modified RVC electrodes. This work was supported by a US Air Force Office of Scientific Research MURI: Fundamentals and Bioengineering of Enzymatic Fuel Cells (contract FA9550-06-01-0264 to the University of New Mexico). Jared Roy was supported by a pre-doctoral fellowship provided by Oak Ridge Associated Universities. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 44 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0141-0229 J9 ENZYME MICROB TECH JI Enzyme Microb. Technol. PD JUL 10 PY 2013 VL 53 IS 2 BP 123 EP 127 DI 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2013.03.014 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 178XC UT WOS:000321479700008 PM 23769313 ER PT J AU Eckard, C Cole, R Lockwood, J Torres, DM Williams, CD Shaw, JC Harrison, SA AF Eckard, Carly Cole, Renee Lockwood, Joshua Torres, Dawn M. Williams, Christopher D. Shaw, Janet C. Harrison, Stephen A. TI Prospective histopathologic evaluation of lifestyle modification in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized trial SO THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES IN GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Article DE NAFLD; diet; lifestyle modification; fatty liver; treatment; low fat; diabetes ID MODERATE WEIGHT-REDUCTION; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; METABOLIC SYNDROME; ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE; LOW-CARBOHYDRATE; OBESE-PATIENTS; STEATOHEPATITIS; NAFLD; DIET; SENSITIVITY AB Background and aims: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is now recognized as part of the metabolic syndrome, and is specifically related to obesity and insulin resistance. Lifestyle modification is advocated for the treatment of NAFLD, but few studies have evaluated its impact on liver histology. The purpose of this study was to investigate which, if any, specific diet and exercise recommendations are associated with histopathologic changes. Methods: A total of 56 participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 lifestyle modification subgroups for 6 months: standard care, low-fat diet and moderate exercise, moderate-fat/lowprocessed- carbohydrate diet and moderate exercise, or moderate exercise only. All subjects had biopsy-proven NAFLD, to include nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and received a repeat 6-month biopsy to detect histopathologic changes. Other measures included blood assay of liver enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase), fasting glucose, serum insulin, lipid panel, body weight, dietary intake, fat mass, and fitness level. Results: Among the 41 participants who completed the study (88% with NASH), a significant change was found in pre- to post-NAFLD activity score in the group as a whole (p < 0.001) with no difference detected between subgroups (p = 0.31). Our results confirm that lifestyle modification is effective in improving NAFLD and NASH. Conclusions: Regardless of intervention group, lifestyle modification improved liver histology, as verified by repeat biopsy, after a 6-month intervention. This study reinforces the importance of lifestyle modification as the primary treatment strategy for patients with NAFLD. C1 [Harrison, Stephen A.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Dept Med, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Eckard, Carly] Vicenza Hlth Ctr, US Army Med Dept, Vicenza, Italy. [Cole, Renee] Army Med Dept Ctr & Sch, US Mil Dietet Internship, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. [Lockwood, Joshua] Womack Army Med Ctr, Nutr Care Div, Ft Bragg, NC USA. [Torres, Dawn M.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Hepatol Clin, Gastroenterol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Williams, Christopher D.] Brooke Army Med Ctr, Gastroenterol Serv, Dept Med, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Shaw, Janet C.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX USA. RP Harrison, SA (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Dept Med, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM stephen.harrison@amedd.army.mil NR 48 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 8 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1756-283X EI 1756-2848 J9 THER ADV GASTROENTER JI Ther. Adv. Gastroenterol. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 6 IS 4 BP 249 EP 259 DI 10.1177/1756283X13484078 PG 11 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA AG9OE UT WOS:000335748200001 PM 23814606 ER PT J AU Jersey, SL Jesinger, R Grant, D AF Jersey, Sean L. Jesinger, Robert Grant, David TI Central Nervous System Symptoms In U-2 Pilots In Response SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID NEUROLOGICAL DECOMPRESSION-SICKNESS C1 [Jersey, Sean L.; Jesinger, Robert; Grant, David] USAF, Med Ctr, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. RP Jersey, SL (reprint author), USAF, Med Ctr, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 EI 1943-4448 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 84 IS 7 BP 746 EP 746 DI 10.3357/ASEM.3668.2013 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA AD1LT UT WOS:000332996200015 PM 23855074 ER PT J AU Fritsma, GA McGlasson, DL AF Fritsma, G. A. McGlasson, D. L. TI Comparison of six dilute Russell viper venom time lupus anticoagulant screen/confirm assay kits SO JOURNAL OF THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Fritsma, G. A.] Fritsma & Fritsma LLC, Trussville, AL USA. [McGlasson, D. L.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1538-7933 EI 1538-7836 J9 J THROMB HAEMOST JI J. Thromb. Haemost. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 11 SU 2 SI SI BP 1165 EP 1165 PG 1 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA AB5MV UT WOS:000331833605151 ER PT J AU Blumenthal, DJ Clark, HW Essex, JJ Wagner, EC AF Blumenthal, Daniel J. Clark, Harvey W. Essex, James J. Wagner, Eric C. TI eFRMAC OVERVIEW: DATA MANAGEMENT AND ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES FOR CHARACTERIZATION OF A RADIOLOGICAL RELEASE SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE accidents, nuclear; environmental assessment; monitoring, environmental; radioactivity, environmental AB The eFRMAC enterprise is a suite of technologies and software developed by the U.S. Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Administration's Office of Emergency Response to coordinate the rapid data collection, management, and analysis required during a radiological emergency. This enables the Federal Radiological Monitoring and Assessment Center assets to evaluate a radiological or nuclear incident efficiently to facilitate actions to protect public health and the environment. This document identifies and describes eFRMAC methods including: (1) data acquisition, (2) data management, (3) data analysis, (4) product creation, (5) quality control, and 6) product dissemination. C1 [Blumenthal, Daniel J.] US DOE, Natl Nucl Secur Adm, Washington, DC 20585 USA. [Clark, Harvey W.; Essex, James J.; Wagner, Eric C.] Natl Secur Technol LLC, Remote Sensing Lab, Nellis AFB, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP Blumenthal, DJ (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Nucl Secur Adm, 1000 Independence Ave SW, Washington, DC 20585 USA. EM daniel.blumenthal@nnsa.doe.gov FU U.S. National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC52-06NA25946] FX This work was performed by National Security Technologies, LLC, for the U.S. National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25946. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 105 IS 1 BP 97 EP 103 DI 10.1097/HP.0b013e318290c5be PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 299AG UT WOS:000330366000010 ER PT J AU Scott, DJ Eliason, JL Villamaria, C Morrison, JJ Houston, R Spencer, JR Rasmussen, TE AF Scott, Daniel J. Eliason, Jonathan L. Villamaria, Carole Morrison, Jonathan J. Houston, Robert Spencer, Jerry R. Rasmussen, Todd E. TI A novel fluoroscopy-free, resuscitative endovascular aortic balloon occlusion system in a model of hemorrhagic shock SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA AND ACUTE CARE SURGERY LA English DT Article DE Endovascular occlusion of aorta; hemorrhagic shock; swine ID NONCOMPRESSIBLE TORSO HEMORRHAGE; COMBAT CASUALTY CARE; TRAUMA CENTER; DEATH AB BACKGROUND: Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) is a potentially lifesaving maneuver in the setting of hemorrhagic shock. However, emergent use of REBOA is limited by existing technology, which requires large sheath arterial access and fluoroscopy-guided balloon positioning. The objectives of this study were to describe a new, fluoroscopy-free REBOA system and to compare its efficacy to existing technology. An additional objective was to characterize the survivability of 60 minutes of REBOA using these systems in a model of hemorrhagic shock. METHODS: Swine (70-88 kg) in shock underwent 60 minutes of REBOA using either a self-centering, one component prototype balloon system (PBS, n = 8) inserted (8 Fr) and inflated without fluoroscopy or a two-component, commercially available balloon system (CBS, n = 8) inserted (14 Fr) with fluoroscopic guidance. Following REBOA, resuscitation occurred for 48 hours with blood, crystalloid, and vasopressors. End points included accurate balloon positioning, hemodynamics, markers of ischemia, resuscitation requirements, and mortality. RESULTS: Posthemorrhage mean arterial pressure (mm Hg) was similar in the CBS and PBS groups (35 [8] vs. 34 [5]; p = 0.89). Accurate balloon positioning and inflation occurred in 100% of the CBS and 88% of the PBS group. Following REBOA, mean arterial pressure increased comparably in the CBS and PBS groups (81 [20] vs. 89 [16]; p = 0.21). Lactate peaked in the CBS and PBS groups (10.8 [1.4] mmol/L vs. 13.2 [2.1] mmol/L; p = 0.01) 45 minutes following balloon deflation but returned to baseline by 24 hours. Mortality was similar between the CBS and PBS groups (12% vs. 25%, p = 0.50). CONCLUSION: This study reports the feasibility and efficacy of a novel, fluoroscopy-free REBOA system in a model of shock. Despite a significant physiologic insult, 60 minutes of REBOA is tolerated and recoverable. Development of lower profile, fluoroscopy-free endovascular balloon occlusion catheters may allow proactive aortic control in patients at risk for hemorrhagic shock and cardiovascular collapse. (J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2013; 75: 122-128. Copyright (C) 2013 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins) C1 [Scott, Daniel J.; Villamaria, Carole; Houston, Robert; Spencer, Jerry R.; Rasmussen, Todd E.] 59th Med Wing, Lackland AFB, TX USA. [Scott, Daniel J.; Villamaria, Carole; Morrison, Jonathan J.; Houston, Robert; Rasmussen, Todd E.] US Army Inst Surg Res, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. [Eliason, Jonathan L.] Univ Michigan, Vasc Surg Sect, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Rasmussen, Todd E.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Norman M Rich Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Morrison, Jonathan J.] Royal Ctr Def Med, Acad Dept Mil Surg & Trauma, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. [Morrison, Jonathan J.] Glasgow Royal Infirm, Acad Surg Unit, Glasgow G4 0SF, Lanark, Scotland. RP Rasmussen, TE (reprint author), US Army Inst Surg Res, 3698 Chambers Pass, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. EM todd.e.rasmussen.mil@mail.mil OI Morrison, Jonathan/0000-0001-7462-8456 NR 15 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 2163-0755 EI 2163-0763 J9 J TRAUMA ACUTE CARE JI J. Trauma Acute Care Surg. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 75 IS 1 BP 122 EP 128 DI 10.1097/TA.0b013e3182946746 PG 7 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 300EV UT WOS:000330448100033 PM 23940855 ER PT J AU Duan, XFF Burggraf, LW Huang, LY AF Duan, Xiaofeng F. Burggraf, Larry W. Huang, Lingyu TI Searching for Stable SinCn Clusters: Combination of Stochastic Potential Surface Search and Pseudopotential Plane-Wave Car-Parinello Simulated Annealing Simulations SO MOLECULES LA English DT Article DE SinCn cluster; stochastic potential surface search; simulated annealing simulation; DFT optimization; carbon/silicon segregation ID ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; SILICON; ISOMERS AB To find low energy SinCn structures out of hundreds to thousands of isomers we have developed a general method to search for stable isomeric structures that combines Stochastic Potential Surface Search and Pseudopotential Plane-Wave Density Functional Theory Car-Parinello Molecular Dynamics simulated annealing (PSPW-CPMD-SA). We enhanced the Sunders stochastic search method to generate random cluster structures used as seed structures for PSPW-CPMD-SA simulations. This method ensures that each SA simulation samples a different potential surface region to find the regional minimum structure. By iterations of this automated, parallel process on a high performance computer we located hundreds to more than a thousand stable isomers for each SinCn cluster. Among these, five to 10 of the lowest energy isomers were further optimized using B3LYP/cc-pVTZ method. We applied this method to SinCn (n = 4-12) clusters and found the lowest energy structures, most not previously reported. By analyzing the bonding patterns of low energy structures of each SinCn cluster, we observed that carbon segregations tend to form condensed conjugated rings while Si connects to unsaturated bonds at the periphery of the carbon segregation as single atoms or clusters when n is small and when n is large a silicon network spans over the carbon segregation region. C1 [Duan, Xiaofeng F.] US Air Force, Res Lab, DoD Supercomp Resource Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Duan, Xiaofeng F.; Burggraf, Larry W.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Huang, Lingyu] Kentucky State Univ, Coll Agr Food Sci & Sustainable Syst, Frankfort, KY 40601 USA. RP Burggraf, LW (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM larry.burggraf@afit.edu FU Molecular Dynamics and Theory research program of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The views expressed in this work are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the United States Air Force, Department of Defense, or the United States Government. Authors LWB and XFD gratefully acknowledge financial support from Molecular Dynamics and Theory research program of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research managed by Michael Berman. The DoD High Performance Computing Modernization Program and the AFRL Supercomputing Resource Center (DSRC) are gratefully acknowledged for computer time and helpful support. NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 15 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1420-3049 J9 MOLECULES JI Molecules PD JUL PY 2013 VL 18 IS 7 BP 8591 EP 8606 DI 10.3390/molecules18078591 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 298CG UT WOS:000330300900083 PM 23881049 ER PT J AU Dickinson, BT Singler, JR AF Dickinson, Ben T. Singler, John R. TI Distributed Load Estimation From Noisy Structural Measurements SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MECHANICS-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID FINITE-ELEMENT MODELS AB Accurate estimates of flow induced surface forces over a body are typically difficult to achieve in an experimental setting. However, such information would provide considerable insight into fluid-structure interactions. Here, we consider distributed load estimation over structures described by linear elliptic partial differential equations (PDEs) from an array of noisy structural measurements. For this, we propose a new algorithm using Tikhonov regularization. Our approach differs from existing distributed load estimation procedures in that we pose and solve the problem at the PDE level. Although this approach requires up-front mathematical work, it also offers many advantages including the ability to: obtain an exact form of the load estimate, obtain guarantees in accuracy and convergence to the true load estimate, and utilize existing numerical methods and codes intended to solve PDEs (e. g., finite element, finite difference, or finite volume codes). We investigate the proposed algorithm with a two-dimensional membrane test problem with respect to various forms of distributed loads, measurement patterns, and measurement noise. We find that by posing the load estimation problem in a suitable Hilbert space, highly accurate distributed load and measurement noise magnitude estimates may be obtained. C1 [Dickinson, Ben T.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. [Singler, John R.] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. RP Dickinson, BT (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, 101 West Eglin Blvd,Suite 213, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. EM benjamin.dickinson.1@us.af.mil; singlerj@mst.edu RI Singler, John/R-1489-2016 OI Singler, John/0000-0002-5415-8386 FU National Research Council FX This research was conducted in part with funding from the National Research Council through a Post-Doctoral Associateship. The authors would like to thank Dr. Belinda Batten for her idea of investigating how posing the problem in different Hilbert spaces would affect estimation accuracy. The authors also thank Dr. Gregg Abate for suggesting structural measurements for aerodynamic feedback, which inspired this work. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0021-8936 EI 1528-9036 J9 J APPL MECH-T ASME JI J. Appl. Mech.-Trans. ASME PD JUL PY 2013 VL 80 IS 4 AR 041011 DI 10.1115/1.4007794 PG 16 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 241OV UT WOS:000326177600025 ER PT J AU Yang, C Kaplan, L Blasch, E Bakich, M AF Yang, Chun Kaplan, Lance Blasch, Erik Bakich, Michael TI Optimal Placement of Heterogeneous Sensors for Targets with Gaussian Priors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID LOCALIZATION; MANAGEMENT; TRACKING; ARRAY; GDOP AB An optimal strategy for geometric sensor placement to enhance target tracking performance is developed. Recently, a considerable amount of work has been published on optimal conditions for single-update placement of homogeneous sensors (same type and same measurement quality) in which the targets are either assumed perfectly known or the target location uncertainty is averaged out via the expected value of the determinant of the Fisher information matrix (FIM). We derive conditions for optimal placement of heterogeneous sensors based on maximization of the information matrix to be updated by the heterogeneous sensors from an arbitrary Gaussian prior characterizing the uncertainty about the initial target location. The heterogeneous sensors can be of the same or different types (ranging sensors, bearing-only sensors, or both). The sensors can also make, over several time steps, multiple independent measurements of different qualities. Placement strategies are derived and their performance is illustrated via simulation examples. C1 [Yang, Chun] Sigtem Technol Inc, San Mateo, CA 94402 USA. [Kaplan, Lance] US Army Res Lab, Networked Sensing & Fus Branch, Adelphi, MD USA. [Blasch, Erik; Bakich, Michael] AFRL, Rome, NY USA. [Blasch, Erik] AFRL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Yang, C (reprint author), Sigtem Technol Inc, 1343 Parrott Dr, San Mateo, CA 94402 USA. EM chunyang@sigtem.com FU [FA8650-08-C-1407] FX This research is supported in part under Contract FA8650-08-C-1407. NR 34 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9251 EI 1557-9603 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 49 IS 3 BP 1637 EP 1653 PG 17 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 235ZG UT WOS:000325761900016 ER PT J AU Deng, H Himed, B AF Deng, Hai Himed, Braham TI Interference Mitigation Processing for Spectrum-Sharing Between Radar and Wireless Communications Systems SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID ADAPTIVE ARRAYS; MIMO RADARS; WAVE-FORMS; CANCELLATION; PERFORMANCE AB The theoretical feasibility is explored of spectrum-sharing between radar and wireless communications systems via an interference mitigation processing approach. The new approach allows radar and wireless systems to operate at the same carrier frequency if the radar possesses a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) structure. A novel signal processing approach is developed for coherent MIMO radar that effectively minimizes the arbitrary interferences generated by wireless systems from any direction, while operating at the same frequency using cognitive radio technology. Various theoretical aspects of the new approach are investigated, and its effectiveness is further validated through simulation. C1 [Deng, Hai] Florida Int Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Miami, FL 33174 USA. [Himed, Braham] USAF, Res Lab, RF Technol Branch, RYMD, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Deng, H (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 1055 W Flagler St, Miami, FL 33174 USA. EM hai.deng@fiu.edu FU United Stated Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) [FA8650-08-1465, DSC6025-01] FX This work was supported by the United Stated Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) under Contract FA8650-08-1465 and Subcontract DSC6025-01. NR 20 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9251 EI 1557-9603 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 49 IS 3 BP 1911 EP 1919 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 235ZG UT WOS:000325761900034 ER PT J AU Wertz, J Holycross, C Shen, MHH Scott-Emuakpor, O George, T Cross, C AF Wertz, John Holycross, Casey Shen, M. -H. Herman Scott-Emuakpor, Onome George, Tommy Cross, Charles TI A Comparison of Constitutive Equations for the Energy-Based Lifing Method SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID FATIGUE AB Alternatives to quasi-static and dynamic constitutive relationships have been investigated with respect to a previously developed energy-based fatigue lifing method for various load profiles, which states: the total strain energy dissipated during both a quasi-static process and a dynamic process are equivalent and a fundamental material property. Specifically, constitutive relationships developed by Ramberg-Osgood and Halford were modified for application to the existing energy-based framework and were compared to the lifing method originally developed by Stowell. Extensive experimentation performed on Titanium 6Al-4V (Ti-64) combined with experimental data generated for Aluminum (Al) 6061-T6 at various temperatures were utilized in support of this investigation. This effort resulted in considerable improvements to the accuracy of the lifing prediction for materials with an endurance limit through application of a modified-Halford approach. Additionally, the relative equality in predictive accuracy between the modified-Stowell approach the modified-Ramberg-Osgood approach was demonstrated. C1 [Wertz, John; Holycross, Casey; Shen, M. -H. Herman] Ohio State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Scott-Emuakpor, Onome; George, Tommy; Cross, Charles] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Shen, MHH (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM shen.1@osu.edu FU Dayton Area Graduate Studies Institute; Air Force Research Laboratory; Turbine Engine Fatigue Facility FX The authors would like to thank the Dayton Area Graduate Studies Institute for their financial support of this research. The authors would also like to thank the Air Force Research Laboratory, and specifically the Turbine Engine Fatigue Facility, for their support of this research. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0094-4289 EI 1528-8889 J9 J ENG MATER-T ASME JI J. Eng. Mater. Technol.-Trans. ASME PD JUL PY 2013 VL 135 IS 3 AR 031008 DI 10.1115/1.4024116 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 241SP UT WOS:000326188300008 ER PT J AU Abdelaziz, AEM Leite, GB Hallenbeck, PC AF Abdelaziz, Ahmed E. M. Leite, Gustavo B. Hallenbeck, Patrick C. TI Addressing the challenges for sustainable production of algal biofuels: I. Algal strains and nutrient supply SO ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biofuels; sustainability; algae; wastewater; wastewater treatment; biodiesel; nutrients; harvesting; oil extraction ID WASTE-WATER TREATMENT; HIGH-RATE PONDS; MICROALGA BOTRYOCOCCUS-BRAUNII; SECONDARILY TREATED SEWAGE; DIGESTED SWINE MANURE; BLUE-GREEN-ALGAE; CHLORELLA-VULGARIS; BIODIESEL PRODUCTION; SPIRULINA-PLATENSIS; BIOMASS PRODUCTION AB Microalgae hold promise for the production of sustainable replacement of fossil fuels due to their high growth rates, ability to grow on non-arable land and their high content, under the proper conditions, of high energy compounds that can be relatively easily chemically converted to fuels using existing technology. However, projected large-scale algal production raises a number of sustainability concerns concerning land use, net energy return, water use and nutrient supply. The state-of-the-art of algal production of biofuels is presented with emphasis on some possible avenues to provide answers to the sustainability questions that have been raised. Here, issues concerning algal strains and supply of nutrients for large-scale production are discussed. Since sustainability concerns necessitate the use of wastewaters for supply of bulk nutrients, emphasis is placed on the composition and suitability of different wastewater streams. At the same time, algal cultivation has proven useful in waste treatment processes, and thus this aspect is also treated in some detail. C1 [Abdelaziz, Ahmed E. M.; Leite, Gustavo B.; Hallenbeck, Patrick C.] Univ Montreal, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [Hallenbeck, Patrick C.] US Air Force Acad, Life Sci Res Ctr, Dept Biol, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Hallenbeck, PC (reprint author), Univ Montreal, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, CP 6128, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. EM patrick.hallenbeck@umontreal.ca RI Hallenbeck, patrick/B-6489-2014; Leite, Gustavo/B-7382-2014 OI Leite, Gustavo/0000-0002-7181-1236 FU Fonds quebecois de la recherche sur la nature et les technologies (FQRNT) FX Algal biofuel research in the laboratory of PCH is supported by Fonds quebecois de la recherche sur la nature et les technologies (FQRNT). NR 287 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 6 U2 55 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0959-3330 J9 ENVIRON TECHNOL JI Environ. Technol. PD JUL 1 PY 2013 VL 34 IS 13-14 SI SI BP 1783 EP 1805 DI 10.1080/09593330.2013.827748 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 231CF UT WOS:000325389900012 PM 24350435 ER PT J AU Abdelaziz, AEM Leite, GB Hallenbeck, PC AF Abdelaziz, Ahmed E. M. Leite, Gustavo B. Hallenbeck, Patrick C. TI Addressing the challenges for sustainable production of algal biofuels: II. Harvesting and conversion to biofuels SO ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biofuels; sustainability; algae; wastewater treatment; biodiesel; nutrients; harvesting; oil extraction ID SUPERCRITICAL-FLUID EXTRACTION; FATTY-ACID-COMPOSITION; CHLAMYDOMONAS-REINHARDTII BIOMASS; WASTE-WATER TREATMENT; MICROALGAE NANNOCHLOROPSIS SP; CROSS-FLOW MICROFILTRATION; BIO-OIL PRODUCTION; BIODIESEL PRODUCTION; CHLORELLA-VULGARIS; LIPID-ACCUMULATION AB In order to ensure the sustainability of algal biofuel production, a number of issues need to be addressed. Previously, we reviewed some of the questions in this area involving algal species and the important challenges of nutrient supply and how these might be met. Here, we take up issues involving harvesting and the conversion of biomass to biofuels. Advances in both these areas are required if these third-generation fuels are to have a sufficiently high net energy ratio and a sustainable footprint. A variety of harvesting technologies are under investigation and recent studies in this area are presented and discussed. A number of different energy uses are available for algal biomass, each with their own advantages as well as challenges in terms of efficiencies and yields. Recent advances in these areas are presented and some of the especially promising conversion processes are highlighted. C1 [Abdelaziz, Ahmed E. M.; Leite, Gustavo B.; Hallenbeck, Patrick C.] Univ Montreal, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [Hallenbeck, Patrick C.] US Air Force Acad, Life Sci Res Ctr, Dept Biol, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Hallenbeck, PC (reprint author), Univ Montreal, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, CP 6128 Ctr Ville, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. EM patrick.hallenbeck@umontreal.ca RI Hallenbeck, patrick/B-6489-2014; Leite, Gustavo/B-7382-2014 OI Leite, Gustavo/0000-0002-7181-1236 FU FQRNT (Fonds quebecois de la recherche sur la nature et les technologies); National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the Life Sciences Research Center, Department of Biology, US Air Force Academy FX Algal biofuel research in the laboratory of PCH is supported by FQRNT (Fonds quebecois de la recherche sur la nature et les technologies). Part of this work was performed while PCH held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the Life Sciences Research Center, Department of Biology, US Air Force Academy. NR 305 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 8 U2 65 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0959-3330 EI 1479-487X J9 ENVIRON TECHNOL JI Environ. Technol. PD JUL 1 PY 2013 VL 34 IS 13-14 SI SI BP 1807 EP 1836 DI 10.1080/09593330.2013.831487 PG 30 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 231CF UT WOS:000325389900013 PM 24350436 ER PT J AU Colman, JJ Starks, MJ AF Colman, J. J. Starks, M. J. TI VLF wave intensity in the plasmasphere due to tropospheric lightning SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE lightning; radiation belts ID EARTHS INNER MAGNETOSPHERE; ELECTRON-SCATTERING LOSS; PRECIPITATION; WHISTLERS; PROPAGATION; IONOSPHERE; SATELLITE; FREQUENCY; EMISSIONS; MODEL AB A climatology of VLF (very low frequency) wave intensity from lightning in the plasmasphere is constructed. Starting from Optical Transient Detector/Lightning Imaging Sensor (OTD/LIS) lightning data representing 1995-2005, a climatology of strikes is assembled with 1 degrees x1 degrees latitude-longitude spatial resolution, averaged into 2h bins for each month of the year. Assuming a linear relationship between optical flash rate and VLF power flux, and that the VLF amplitude drops off as one over distance, a proxy for VLF power is developed. A typical lightning spectrum is applied and the values are scaled by appropriate transionospheric absorptions for each time and place. These values are mapped along geomagnetic field lines in order to compare them to E-field spectral densities measured by the DEMETER satellite between 2005 and 2009. An overview of the DEMETER survey mode data is presented which leads to the best scaling of the lightning VLF climatology in LEO (low earth orbit). The resulting data set represents a monthly, 2-hour, solar minimum climatology of VLF wave intensity from lightning in LEO. Finally, the E-field spectral densities are converted to Poynting flux, mapped to the plasmasphere, and converted to B-field spectral densities. Good overall agreement is found with previous observations and estimates. This new climatology is expected to have a significant impact on calculations of pitch-angle diffusion for relativistic electrons in the inner radiation belt. C1 [Colman, J. J.; Starks, M. J.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicle Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Colman, JJ (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicle Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. EM jonah.colman@kirtland.af.mil NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 118 IS 7 BP 4471 EP 4482 DI 10.1002/jgra.50217 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 226YN UT WOS:000325073600047 ER PT J AU Stoneback, RA Heelis, RA Caton, RG Su, YJ Groves, KM AF Stoneback, R. A. Heelis, R. A. Caton, R. G. Su, Y-J. Groves, K. M. TI In situ irregularity identification and scintillation estimation using wavelets and CINDI on C/NOFS SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE scintillation; ionosphere ID IONOSPHERIC SCINTILLATION; PHASE SCREEN; TURBULENCE; MODEL AB Wavelets are a time-domain method that is able to extract both time and frequency information from a signal. The Morlet wavelet is used here to characterize the magnitude of ionospheric irregularities using measurements of the total ion density from the Coupled Ion Neutral Dynamics Investigation package onboard the Communications/Navigation Outage Forecasting System spacecraft. The power in ionospheric irregularities at scale sizes less than 128km is used to generate an irregularity amplitude index. This index is used with a phase screen analysis to form an estimate of scintillation at the satellite location. The temporal information retained in a wavelet analysis also allows for an accurate power spectrum calculation even when used on short segments of data which is useful for real-time processing of irregularity detection onboard a satellite or for analyzing the long data sets produced by a satellite. To validate the process, a comparison of the in situ scintillation estimate and Scintillation Network and Decision Aid measurements of the S-4 index is presented. C1 [Stoneback, R. A.; Heelis, R. A.] Univ Texas Dallas, WB Hanson Ctr Space Sci, Dept Phys, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. [Caton, R. G.; Su, Y-J.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Groves, K. M.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. RP Stoneback, RA (reprint author), WB Hanson Ctr Space Sci, 800 W Campbell Rd WT 15, Richardson, TX 75080 USA. EM rstoneba@utdallas.edu OI Stoneback, Russell/0000-0001-7216-4336 FU NASA at UT Dallas [NNX10AT029]; U.S. Air Force Space Test Program FX Work supported at UT Dallas by NASA grant NNX10AT029. AFRL would like to acknowledge the contribution of the U.S. Air Force Space Test Program in providing support for the C/NOFS program. Wavelet software was provided by C. Torrence and G. Compo, and is available at http://atoc.colorado.edu/research/wavelets/. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 48 IS 4 BP 388 EP 395 DI 10.1002/rds.20050 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 224WF UT WOS:000324921400003 ER PT J AU Ahirwar, P Rotter, TJ Shima, D Jahan, NA Clark, SPR Addamane, SJ Balakrishnan, G Laurain, A Hader, J Lai, YY Moloney, JV Suemune, I Bedford, RG AF Ahirwar, Pankaj Rotter, Thomas J. Shima, Darryl Jahan, Nahid A. Clark, Stephen P. R. Addamane, Sadhvikas J. Balakrishnan, Ganesh Laurain, Alexandre Hader, Joerg Lai, Yi-Ying Moloney, Jerome V. Suemune, Ikuo Bedford, Robert G. TI Growth and Optimization of 2-mu m InGaSb/AlGaSb Quantum-Well-Based VECSELs on GaAs/AlGaAs DBRs SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE Semiconductor lasers; surface-emitting lasers; quantum-well lasers ID EMITTING SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; MU-M; GASB; GAAS; SUBSTRATE; ARRAYS AB We report the growth of optically pumped vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VECSELs) based on InGaSb/AlGaSb quantum wells grown on GaAs/AlGaAs distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs). The 7.78% lattice mismatch between GaSb and GaAs is accommodated by an array of 90 degrees misfit dislocations at the interface. This results in spontaneous relaxation of the GaSb epilayer and also significantly reduces the threading dislocation density. The VECSELs are operated in both pulsed (with 340-W peak output power) and continuous wave mode (with 0.12-W peak output power). We investigate the effects of the GaSb/GaAs interface by comparing the lattice mismatched III-Sb VECSEL grown on GaAs/AlGaAs DBRs to a lattice matched III-Sb VECSEL grown on GaSb/AlAsSb DBRs. The lattice matched VECSEL outperforms the lattice mismatched VECSEL in terms of threshold pump density, efficiency, and maximum continuous-wave output power. This can be attributed to the presence of threading dislocations throughout the active region of the mismatched VECSEL, which is confirmed by cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy. The optical properties of the III-Sb active regions are characterized by time-resolved photoluminescence, which can be used to optimize the IMF interface. C1 [Ahirwar, Pankaj; Rotter, Thomas J.; Shima, Darryl; Clark, Stephen P. R.; Addamane, Sadhvikas J.; Balakrishnan, Ganesh] Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Laurain, Alexandre; Hader, Joerg; Lai, Yi-Ying; Moloney, Jerome V.] Univ Arizona, Coll Opt Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Jahan, Nahid A.; Suemune, Ikuo] Hokkaido Univ, Res Inst Elect Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0010021, Japan. [Bedford, Robert G.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ahirwar, P (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. EM panki@chtm.unm.edu; tjr@chtm.unm.edu; dmshima@unm.edu; nahidajahan@yahoo.com; zippyz2@unm.edu; addamane@unm.edu; gunny@unm.edu; alaurain@email.arizona.edu; jhader@acms.arizona.edu; yylai@acms.arizona.edu; jml@acms.arizona.edu; isuemune@es.hokudai.ac.jp; Robert.Bedford@wpafb.af.mil RI Ahirwar, Pankaj/O-9413-2014; Suemune, Ikuo/B-3133-2012 OI Ahirwar, Pankaj/0000-0002-1223-1848; Suemune, Ikuo/0000-0002-9967-6865 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-09-1-0202, FA9550-07-1-0573]; Department of Defense HBCU/MI grant [W911NF-12-1-0058] FX This work was supported in part by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Grant FA9550-09-1-0202 and Grant FA9550-07-1-0573 and by the Department of Defense HBCU/MI grant W911NF-12-1-0058. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 25 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1077-260X J9 IEEE J SEL TOP QUANT JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. PD JUL-AUG PY 2013 VL 19 IS 4 AR 1700611 DI 10.1109/JSTQE.2013.2239615 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 195QV UT WOS:000322719600059 ER PT J AU Grillot, F Wang, C Naderi, NA Even, J AF Grillot, Frederic Wang, Cheng Naderi, Nader A. Even, Jacky TI Modulation Properties of Self-Injected Quantum-Dot Semiconductor Diode Lasers SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE Carrier dynamics; quantum dot (QD); semiconductor lasers; self-injection ID EXTERNAL OPTICAL FEEDBACK; LINEWIDTH ENHANCEMENT FACTOR; SPECTRAL CHARACTERISTICS; MICROWAVE MODULATION; COHERENCE COLLAPSE; NONLINEAR DYNAMICS; NUMERICAL-ANALYSIS; GAIN COMPRESSION; INDUCED CHAOS; 1.3-MU-M DFB AB This paper investigates the modulation properties of self-injected quantum-dot semiconductor lasers. Using a semianalytical approach, the modulation characteristic of a quantum-dot nanostructure laser operating under the influence of optical feedback is successfully modeled. This novel approach derives a feedback-induced modulation response model based on the incorporation of the specific quantum nanostructure carrier dynamics as well as the effects of nonlinear gain. This study investigates the impacts of the carrier capture and relaxation time as well as other material parameters such as linewidth enhancement factor, differential gain, and gain compression factor for different feedback configurations. It is also shown that, under the short external cavity configuration, the dynamic properties such as the relaxation frequency as well as the laser's bandwidth can be improved through controlled optical feedback. On the other hand, numerical results show that under the long external cavity configuration, any small back-reflection from the laser's facets combined with the large variations of linewidth enhancement factor would significantly alter the laser's modulation response. C1 [Grillot, Frederic] Ecole Natl Super Telecommun Bretagne, CNRS, LTCI, Telecom Paristech, F-75634 Paris, France. [Wang, Cheng; Even, Jacky] Univ Europeenne Bretagne, INSA, CNRS, FOTON, F-35708 Rennes 7, France. [Naderi, Nader A.] US Air Force Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. RP Grillot, F (reprint author), Ecole Natl Super Telecommun Bretagne, CNRS, LTCI, Telecom Paristech, F-75634 Paris, France. EM frederic.grillot@telecom-paristech.fr; cheng.wang@insa-rennes.fr; na.naderi56@gmail.com; jacky.even@insa-rennes.fr RI even, jacky/C-6212-2008; Grillot, Frederic/N-5613-2014 OI even, jacky/0000-0002-4607-3390; FU European Office of Aerospace Research and Development [FA8655-12-1-2093]; China Scholarship Council FX The work of F. Grillot was supported by the European Office of Aerospace Research and Development under Grant FA8655-12-1-2093. The work of C. Wang was supported by the China Scholarship Council. NR 65 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 23 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1077-260X EI 1558-4542 J9 IEEE J SEL TOP QUANT JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. PD JUL-AUG PY 2013 VL 19 IS 4 AR 1900812 DI 10.1109/JSTQE.2013.2246776 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 195QV UT WOS:000322719600079 ER PT J AU Ongstad, AP Dente, GC Tilton, ML Kaspi, R AF Ongstad, Andrew P. Dente, Gregory C. Tilton, Michael L. Kaspi, Ron TI High Peak Power From Optically Pumped Mid-IR Semiconductor Lasers SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE Free-carrier absorbance (FCA); mid-infrared semiconductor laser; optically pumped semiconductor laser (OPSL); type-II quantum well AB We present work on the high-peak power pumping of optically pumped mid-IR semiconductor lasers. The lasers incorporated 14 type-II InAs/InGaSb/InAs quantum wells (QW). Thick quaternary absorber layers (InGaAsSb) surrounded the QWs, which allowed a large fraction of pump light to be absorbed. The devices were optically pumped with the output of a passively Q-switched Ho:YAG laser at lambda = 2.09 mu m. The Ho: YAG maximum output power was similar to 90 kW; this allows the optically pumped semiconductor lasers (OPSLs) to be pumped at several thousand times above threshold. Emission from the QW was observed near 4.1 mu m. As the pump power was increased, the QW spectra were observed to broaden and eventually saturate. Under low power pumping conditions, the OPSL pulse tracked the Ho: YAG pulse, which has a 16-ns full-width half-maximum. As the pump power was increased, the OPSL pulse duration increased and the pulse eventually split into two peaks. This may be due to a large increase in the free-carrier absorbance rates in the bulk-like quaternary absorber. Emission from the quaternary was observed near 2.2 mu m and its intensity, with respect to the QW intensity, increased significantly as the pump power was increased. This indicates that at the higher pump powers, large fractions of photogenerated carriers are reservoired in the thick absorber layers. The maximum OPSL single-ended peak power was 490 W. This is the highest reported peak power from a mid-IR semiconductor laser. A rate equation model describing the time evolution of the carriers in the QW, the stored carrier population in the reservoir, and the photon population gives good agreement with the data. C1 [Ongstad, Andrew P.; Kaspi, Ron] Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. [Dente, Gregory C.] GCD Associates, Albuquerque, NM 87112 USA. [Tilton, Michael L.] Boeing Co, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. RP Ongstad, AP (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. EM andrew.ongstad@kirtland.af.mil; gcdente@gmail.com; michael.tilton.ctr@kirtland.af.mil; ron.kaspi@kirtland.af.mil NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 23 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1077-260X J9 IEEE J SEL TOP QUANT JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. PD JUL-AUG PY 2013 VL 19 IS 4 AR UNSP 1900608 DI 10.1109/JSTQE.2013.2244569 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 195QV UT WOS:000322719600077 ER PT J AU Raghunathan, R Crowley, MT Grillot, F Li, Y Mee, JK Kovanis, V Lester, LF AF Raghunathan, Ravi Crowley, Mark Thomas Grillot, Frederic Li, Yan Mee, Jesse K. Kovanis, Vassilios Lester, Luke F. TI Pulse Characterization of Passively Mode-Locked Quantum-Dot Lasers Using a Delay Differential Equation Model Seeded With Measured Parameters SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE Delay differential equations (DDEs); frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG); mode-locked semiconductor lasers; pulse asymmetry; quantum-dot lasers; semiconductor device modeling ID SEGMENTED CONTACT METHOD; SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS; GAIN; REGIMES AB A delay differential equation-based model for passive mode locking in semiconductor lasers is shown to offer a powerful and versatile mathematical framework to simulate quantum-dot lasers, thereby offering an invaluable theoretical tool to study and comprehend the experimentally observed trends specific to such systems. To this end, mathematical relations are derived to transform physically measured quantities from the gain and loss spectra of the quantum-dot material into input parameters to seed the model. In the process, a novel approach toward extracting the carrier relaxation ratio for the device from the measured spectra, which enables a viable alternative to conventional pump-probe techniques, is presented. The simulation results not only support previously observed experimental results, but also offer invaluable insight into the device output dynamics and pulse characteristics that might not be readily understood using standard techniques such as autocorrelation and frequency-resolved optical gating. C1 [Raghunathan, Ravi; Lester, Luke F.] Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Crowley, Mark Thomas] BinOptics Corp, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Grillot, Frederic] Telecom Paristech, Ecole Natl Super Telecommun, CNRS, Lab Traitement & Commun Informat, F-75634 Paris, France. [Li, Yan] APIC Corp, Culver City, CA 90230 USA. [Mee, Jesse K.] Air Force Res Lab, RVSE, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. [Kovanis, Vassilios] Air Force Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Raghunathan, R (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. EM raghunat@unm.edu; markthomasc80@gmail.com; frederic.grillot@telecom-paristech.fr; yanli@chtm.unm.edu; Jesse.Mee@kirtland.af.mil; vassilios.kovanis@wpafb.af.mil; luke@chtm.unm.edu RI Grillot, Frederic/N-5613-2014 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-10-1-0276, FA9550-10-1-0463]; National Science Foundation [ECCS-0903448]; Defense Threat Reduction Agency [DTRA01-03-D-0009-0026]; Silicon Research Corporation [SRC-2009-HJ-2000] FX This work was supported in part by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Award FA9550-10-1-0276 and Award FA9550-10-1-0463, the National Science Foundation under Grant ECCS-0903448, the Defense Threat Reduction Agency under Grant DTRA01-03-D-0009-0026, and the Silicon Research Corporation under Contract SRC-2009-HJ-2000. NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1077-260X J9 IEEE J SEL TOP QUANT JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. PD JUL-AUG PY 2013 VL 19 IS 4 AR 1100311 DI 10.1109/JSTQE.2012.2230154 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 195QV UT WOS:000322719600007 ER PT J AU Simpson, TB Liu, JM AlMulla, M Usechak, NG Kovanis, V AF Simpson, Thomas B. Liu, Jia-Ming AlMulla, Mohammad Usechak, Nicholas G. Kovanis, Vassilios TI Linewidth Sharpening via Polarization-Rotated Feedback in Optically Injected Semiconductor Laser Oscillators SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE Injection locking; RF oscillators; tunable oscillators ID MICROWAVE GENERATION; DYNAMICS AB Combining optical injection and polarization-rotated optical feedback in a semiconductor laser can induce self-referenced periodic output that is widely tunable by simply varying the dc-bias points of the system's master and slave lasers. We observed a feedback-induced reduction of the fundamental period-one oscillation linewidth by more than two orders of magnitude relative to the injection-only case. Performance was found to be negatively affected by the interference between the external injection signal and the residual feedback in the same polarization. The nonlinear dynamics of the optically injected semiconductor laser can be used to minimize sensitivity to fluctuations in the operating points. However, the use of the nonlinear dynamics at high oscillation frequencies is limited by the decreasing strength of the interaction between the circulating intracavity optical field and the carrier density. C1 [Simpson, Thomas B.] L3 Appl Technol Inc, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [Liu, Jia-Ming; AlMulla, Mohammad] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Usechak, Nicholas G.; Kovanis, Vassilios] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Simpson, TB (reprint author), L3 Appl Technol Inc, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. EM thomas.simpson@l-3com.com; liu@ee.ucla.edu; almulla@ucla.edu; nicholas.usechak@us.af.mil; vassilios.kovanis@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Research Laboratory through a contract with Optimetrics, Inc.; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [12RY09COR] FX The work of T. B. Simpson and J.-M. Liu was supported in part by the Air Force Research Laboratory through a contract with Optimetrics, Inc. The work of N. G. Usechak and V. Kovanis was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Grant 12RY09COR. The views and opinions expressed in this paper (88ABW-2012-5555) are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the United States Air Force, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. NR 7 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1077-260X J9 IEEE J SEL TOP QUANT JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. PD JUL-AUG PY 2013 VL 19 IS 4 AR 1500807 DI 10.1109/JSTQE.2012.2237016 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 195QV UT WOS:000322719600030 ER PT J AU Tepe, V Cernich, A Kelly, J AF Tepe, Victoria Cernich, Alison Kelly, James TI Polytraumatic TBI: Perspectives from Military Medicine SO PSYCHIATRIC ANNALS LA English DT Article ID TRAUMATIC BRAIN-INJURY; POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; HEAD-INJURY; RISK-FACTOR; CONCUSSION; ENCEPHALOPATHY; DYSFUNCTION; IRAQ RP Tepe, V (reprint author), Dept Def Hearing Ctr Excellence, 59 SSS SGO20,2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM vtepe@gene-vausa.org NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0048-5713 J9 PSYCHIAT ANN JI Psychiatr. Ann. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 43 IS 7 BP 308 EP 312 DI 10.3928/00485713-20130703-04 PG 5 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 205HH UT WOS:000323433600004 ER PT J AU Mei, X Ling, HB Wu, Y Blasch, EP Bai, L AF Mei, Xue Ling, Haibin Wu, Yi Blasch, Erik P. Bai, Li TI Efficient Minimum Error Bounded Particle Resampling L1 Tracker With Occlusion Detection SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Compressive sensing; l(1) minimization; minimum error bound; occlusion detection; particle filter (PF); sparse representation; visual tracking ID SPARSE APPEARANCE MODEL; ROBUST VISUAL TRACKING; OBJECT TRACKING; L(1) TRACKER; REPRESENTATION; EIGENTRACKING; RECOGNITION; FILTER AB Recently, sparse representation has been applied to visual tracking to find the target with the minimum reconstruction error from a target template subspace. Though effective, these L1 trackers require high computational costs due to numerous calculations for l(1) minimization. In addition, the inherent occlusion insensitivity of the l(1) minimization has not been fully characterized. In this paper, we propose an efficient L1 tracker, named bounded particle resampling (BPR)-L1 tracker, with a minimum error bound and occlusion detection. First, the minimum error bound is calculated from a linear least squares equation and serves as a guide for particle resampling in a particle filter (PF) framework. Most of the insignificant samples are removed before solving the computationally expensive l(1) minimization in a two-step testing. The first step, named tau testing, compares the sample observation likelihood to an ordered set of thresholds to remove insignificant samples without loss of resampling precision. The second step, named max testing, identifies the largest sample probability relative to the target to further remove insignificant samples without altering the tracking result of the current frame. Though sacrificing minimal precision during resampling, max testing achieves significant speed up on top of tau testing. The BPR-L1 technique can also be beneficial to other trackers that have minimum error bounds in a PF framework, especially for trackers based on sparse representations. After the error-bound calculation, BPR-L1 performs occlusion detection by investigating the trivial coefficients in the l(1) minimization. These coefficients, by design, contain rich information about image corruptions, including occlusion. Detected occlusions are then used to enhance the template updating. For evaluation, we conduct experiments on three video applications: biometrics (head movement, hand holding object, singers on stage), pedestrians (urban travel, hallway monitoring), and cars in traffic (wide area motion imagery, ground-mounted perspectives). The proposed BPR-L1 method demonstrates an excellent performance as compared with nine state-of-the-art trackers on eleven challenging benchmark sequences. C1 [Mei, Xue] Toyota Res Inst, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Ling, Haibin] Temple Univ, Dept Comp & Informat Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Ling, Haibin] Temple Univ, Ctr Data Analyt & Biomed Informat, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Wu, Yi] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Sch Informat & Control Engn, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Wu, Yi] Univ Calif Merced, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Merced, CA 95340 USA. [Blasch, Erik P.] US Air Force Res Lab, Informat Directorate, OR AFRL RIEA, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. [Bai, Li] Temple Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. RP Mei, X (reprint author), Toyota Res Inst, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM xue.mei@tema.toyota.com; hbling@temple.edu; ywu.china@gmail.com; erik.blasch@rl.af.mil; lbai@temple.edu FU National Science Foundation [IIS-0916624, IIS-1049032]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [61005027, 61273259, 61272223] FX This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant IIS-0916624 and Grant IIS-1049032. The work of Y. Wu was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 61005027, Grant 61273259, and Grant 61272223. The associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Prof. Joseph P. Havlicek NR 47 TC 52 Z9 55 U1 4 U2 36 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1057-7149 J9 IEEE T IMAGE PROCESS JI IEEE Trans. Image Process. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 22 IS 7 BP 2661 EP 2675 DI 10.1109/TIP.2013.2255301 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 184WO UT WOS:000321924600012 PM 23549892 ER PT J AU Shen, YH Leontsev, SO Turgut, Z Lucas, MS Sheets, AO Horwath, JC AF Shen, Yuhui Leontsev, Serhiy O. Turgut, Zafer Lucas, Matthew S. Sheets, Alexander O. Horwath, John C. TI Effect of Soft Phase on Magnetic Properties of Bulk Sm-Co/alpha-Fe Nanocomposite Magnets SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th Joint MMM-Intermag Conference CY JAN 14-18, 2013 CL Chicago, IL SP AIP Publishing, IEEE Magnet Soc DE Bulk magnets; coupling; nanocomposite; Sm-Co/alpha-Fe AB Bulk Sm-Co/alpha-Fe nanocomposite magnets were fabricated by high energy ball milling and subsequent quick hot-pressing. Three different parameters were investigated which are soft phase content, type, and distribution. The effect of Fe soft phase content on the magnetic properties of the final bulk samples was examined. Increasing the Fe content significantly increased the saturation magnetization but at the cost of reduced coercivity. The optimum Fe addition for the highest maximum energy product was determined to be 15 wt% under the present processing conditions. Besides pure Fe a Fe49Co49V2 powder was also studied as a soft phase addition. The results indicated that FeCoV powder was more readily alloyed with the Sm-Co phase during the milling procedure. For the final bulk magnets, nanoscale Fe particles existed in Sm-Co matrix with pure Fe addition, but with Fe49Co49V2 addition the soft phase particles were undetectable. Two methods for adding soft phase Fe into hard phase SmCo5 were utilized. The investigation showed that milling Fe and SmCo5 together resulted in a more uniformly distributed mixture of nanoscale soft phase particles, improved squareness of the demagnetization curves of bulk nanocomposite magnets, and higher (BH)(max) as compared to blending Fe with SmCo5. C1 [Shen, Yuhui; Leontsev, Serhiy O.] Univ Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Shen, Yuhui; Leontsev, Serhiy O.; Turgut, Zafer; Lucas, Matthew S.; Sheets, Alexander O.; Horwath, John C.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45432 USA. [Turgut, Zafer; Sheets, Alexander O.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Lucas, Matthew S.] UTC Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Shen, YH (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM yuhui.shen@udri.udayton.edu NR 12 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 13 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9464 EI 1941-0069 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 49 IS 7 BP 3244 EP 3247 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2013.2246781 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 192KM UT WOS:000322483200043 ER PT J AU Kosai, H Turgut, Z Scofield, J AF Kosai, Hiroyuki Turgut, Zafer Scofield, James TI Experimental Investigation of DC-Bias Related Core Losses in a Boost Inductor SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th Joint MMM-Intermag Conference CY JAN 14-18, 2013 CL Chicago, IL SP AIP Publishing, IEEE Magnet Soc DE Hysteresis; inductors; magnetic cores; magnetic losses AB Soft magnetic components in electronic systems are often subjected to dc bias-flux conditions. These dc bias conditions result in distorted hysteresis loops, increased core losses, and have been shown to be independent of core material. The physical origin of these increased losses is not well understood and there is no simple model that can predict these losses without extensive measurements. Absence of a widely accepted model coupled with the complete lack of dc loss attributes on core manufacturers' data sheets result in a requirement to empirically determine loss values for specific design applications. These deficiencies have motivated our efforts to investigate dc bias dependent loss phenomenon in a Fe-based Metglas core inductor operating in a dc-dc boost converter. Since dc flux levels in the core are proportional to the controllable converter load currents, this topology is ideal to study dc-related losses. Inductor core B - H hysteresis loop characterization was accomplished as a function of switching frequency, input voltage, and load current operating conditions and parameters. In this paper, the core loss results were presented as a function of the dc bias conditions, and the results showed that the core losses increased with the pre-magnetized (B-dc) fields. As a result of our observations, we have proposed a modification to the conventional Steinmetz loss equation to include the effects of dc pre-magnetization flux in the core. C1 [Kosai, Hiroyuki; Turgut, Zafer] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Scofield, James] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kosai, H (reprint author), UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM Hiroyuki.kosai@wpafb.af.mil NR 10 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9464 EI 1941-0069 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 49 IS 7 BP 4168 EP 4171 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2013.2242863 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 192KM UT WOS:000322483200276 ER PT J AU Groschner, C Lan, S Wise, A Leary, A Lucas, MS Park, C Laughlin, DE Diaz-Michelena, M McHenry, ME AF Groschner, Catherine Lan, Song Wise, Adam Leary, Alex Lucas, Matthew S. Park, Changyong Laughlin, David E. Diaz-Michelena, Marina McHenry, Michael E. TI The Role of Atmosphere on Phase Transformations and Magnetic Properties of Ulvospinel SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th Joint MMM-Intermag Conference CY JAN 14-18, 2013 CL Chicago, IL SP AIP Publishing, IEEE Magnet Soc DE Martian mineral; remnant magnetization; thermal magnetic property; titanomagnetite ID TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT MAGNETIZATION; PSEUDO-BINARY SYSTEM; REMANENT MAGNETIZATION; TITANOMAGNETITES; MINERALS; MARS AB We have synthesized the antiferromagnetic mineral ulvospinel, Fe2TiO4, in Ar to assess the role of inert atmosphere on phase formation and magnetic properties. We report the role of atmosphere on a possible phase transition and the magnetic properties of this mineral. Atmosphere dependent transformations of ulvospinel are observed with increasing temperature. Oxidation of ulvospinel to form metastable titanomaghemite is shown to occur at 300 degrees C in atmospheric conditions. Only slight titanomaghematitzation was observed in samples transformed under pressure in in situ temperature dependent X-ray experiments. Formation of ilmenite and hematite from ulvospinel was observed under high temperature, high pressure, and low oxygen atmosphere conditions. C1 [Groschner, Catherine; Lan, Song; Wise, Adam; Leary, Alex; Laughlin, David E.; Diaz-Michelena, Marina; McHenry, Michael E.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Lucas, Matthew S.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Park, Changyong] Carnegie Inst Sci, Geophys Lab, High Pressure Collaborat Access Team, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Diaz-Michelena, Marina] Inst Nacl Tecn Aeroespacial, Space Programs, Madrid 28850, Spain. [Diaz-Michelena, Marina] Inst Nacl Tecn Aeroespacial, Dept Space Sci, Madrid 28850, Spain. RP Groschner, C (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM cgroschn@andrew.cmu.edu RI Park, Changyong/A-8544-2008; OI Park, Changyong/0000-0002-3363-5788; Lan, Song/0000-0003-3373-2294 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [DMR1106943]; Spanish National Space Program of R&D Externalization [PRI-PIBUS-2011-1150]; DOE-BES; DOE-NNSA (CDAC); NSF; DOD-TACOM; W. M. Keck Foundation; DOE-BES [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This work is supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) through Award DMR1106943 and the Spanish National Space Program of R&D Externalization through the project PRI-PIBUS-2011-1150. Portions of this work were performed at HPCAT (Sector 16), Advanced Photon Source (APS), Argonne National Laboratory. Use of the HPCAT facility was supported by DOE-BES, DOE-NNSA (CDAC), NSF, DOD-TACOM, and the W. M. Keck Foundation. Use of the APS was supported by DOE-BES, under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 22 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9464 EI 1941-0069 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 49 IS 7 BP 4273 EP 4276 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2013.2250928 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 192KM UT WOS:000322483200303 ER PT J AU Gretebeck, KA Radius, K Black, DR Gretebeck, RJ Ziemba, R Glickman, LT AF Gretebeck, Kimberlee A. Radius, Kaitlyn Black, David R. Gretebeck, Randall J. Ziemba, Rosemary Glickman, Lawrence T. TI Dog Ownership, Functional Ability, and Walking in Community-Dwelling Older Adults SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY & HEALTH LA English DT Article DE aging; functional performance; physical activity; theory; health behavior ID PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY INTERVENTION; PLANNED BEHAVIOR; ACTIVITY SCALE; PUBLIC-HEALTH; ELDERLY PASE; EXERCISE; LIFE; ASSOCIATION; AGE; OSTEOARTHRITIS AB Background: Regular walking improves overall health and functional ability of older adults, yet most are sedentary. Dog ownership/pet responsibility may increase walking in older adults. Goals of this study were to identify factors that influence older adult walking and compare physical activity, functional ability and psychosocial characteristics by dog ownership status. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, older adults (65-95 years of age, n = 1091) completed and returned questionnaires via postal mail. Measures included: Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly, Physical Functioning Questionnaire and Theory of Planned Behavior Questionnaire. Results: Dog owner/dog walkers (n = 77) reported significantly (P < .05) more total walking, walking frequency, leisure and total physical activity and higher total functional ability than dog owner/nondog walkers (n = 83) and nondog owners (n = 931). Dog owner/nondog walkers reported lower intention and perceived behavioral control and a less positive attitude than dog owner/dog walkers (P < .05). Conclusions: Dog owner/dog walkers were significantly different than the nondog walker groups in nearly every study variable. Many dog owners (48.1%) reported walking their dogs regularly and the dog owner/dog walkers participated in nearly 50% more total walking than the 2 nondog walking groups, suggesting that pet obligation may provide a purposeful activity that motivates some older dog owners to walk. C1 [Gretebeck, Kimberlee A.] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Nursing, Madison, WI USA. [Ziemba, Rosemary] Univ Michigan, Sch Nursing, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Radius, Kaitlyn] US Air Force, Dept Nursing, San Antonio Med Ctr North, San Antonio, TX USA. [Black, David R.] Purdue Univ, Dept Kinesiol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Gretebeck, Randall J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Kinesiol, Madison, WI USA. [Glickman, Lawrence T.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Med, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Gretebeck, KA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Sch Nursing, Madison, WI USA. NR 40 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 35 PU HUMAN KINETICS PUBL INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1607 N MARKET ST, PO BOX 5076, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820-2200 USA SN 1543-3080 J9 J PHYS ACT HEALTH JI J. Phys. Act. Health PD JUL PY 2013 VL 10 IS 5 BP 646 EP 655 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 192QX UT WOS:000322501500005 PM 23307529 ER PT J AU Gildea, SR Matlock, TS Martinez-Sanchez, M Hargus, WA AF Gildea, Stephen R. Matlock, Taylor S. Martinez-Sanchez, Manuel Hargus, William A., Jr. TI Erosion Measurements in a Low-Power Cusped-Field Plasma Thruster SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article ID HALL THRUSTER; PROPULSION AB Results from a long duration test of a cusped-field plasma thruster operating at an anode power of 165 W are presented and discussed. Profile measurements of the boron nitride insulator were performed before and after the 204 h test, enabling the quantification of average erosion rates over a large portion of the interior. Unlike most Hall thrusters, the lifetime is not limited by erosion near the exit plane, due to the positioning of magnetic circuit elements. Additionally, the maximum erosion rate is found to be lower than rates measured in low-power Hall thrusters. The lifetime of this laboratory prototype is estimated at 920-1220 h based on the time needed to erode through the insulator in one of the ring cusps. However, as an indicator of the potential for cusped-field thruster designs to obtain longer lifetimes, the low erosion rate measurements are more significant. For example, fortifying cusps with additional or more durable material could increase lifetime. A summary of long duration tests and erosion measurements in Hall thrusters is also provided. During the tests discussed here, the thruster operated in the "high-current" mode, characterized by strongly oscillatory anode currents. Peak erosion rates are located upstream of the exit in this mode of operation. Reliable performance measurements were not acquired during this test, but anode current values suggest the thruster did not operate with the desired anode efficiency. C1 [Gildea, Stephen R.; Matlock, Taylor S.; Martinez-Sanchez, Manuel] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Hargus, William A., Jr.] US Air Force Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Gildea, SR (reprint author), MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM stephen.gildea@us.af.mil; tmatlock17@ucla.edu; william.hargus@us.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Science Mathematics and Research for Transformation Scholarship FX Research on cusped-field thrusters at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Space Propulsion Laboratory was funded through the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. S. Gildea acknowledges the Science Mathematics and Research for Transformation Scholarship for providing financial support of his academic work and the opportunity to work at the In-Space Propulsion Branch. The authors thank C. W. Larson, P. Adkison, J. Blakely, M. Holmes, M. Nakles, and G. Reed of the In-Space Propulsion Branch at the Edwards Air Force Base Air Force Research Laboratory for their assistance in completing these experiments. P. Boisvert of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Electron Microscopy Shared Experimental Facility is also acknowledged for his assistance in the acquisition of data for the deposited material analysis. R. Sullivan is thanked for her insights regarding the possible effects of redeposited iron on internal thruster surfaces. J. Szabo was also helpful, helping to clarify insulator materials terminology and pointing out a study of cusped-field accelerators from the 1960s. NR 66 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD JUL-AUG PY 2013 VL 29 IS 4 BP 906 EP 918 DI 10.2514/1.B34607 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 186PR UT WOS:000322057100016 ER PT J AU Thomas, RM Ubelaker, DH Byrd, JE AF Thomas, Richard M. Ubelaker, Douglas H. Byrd, John E. TI Tables for the Metric Evaluation of Pair-Matching of Human Skeletal Elements SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE forensic science; forensic anthropology; pair-matching; osteometric sorting; commingling; bilateral asymmetry ID BILATERAL ASYMMETRY; BONES; LIMB AB A common task in forensic anthropology involves pair-matching of left and right skeletal elements. This can be achieved through visual pair-matching by evaluating similarities in morphology, and through osteometric sorting, a quantitative technique. To simplify the process of osteometric sorting, this article explains the use of a statistic (M), which captures the amount of size variation found between homologous bones from single individuals. A database of skeletal measurements for all major paired postcranial bones is used to calculate values of M from a variety of sources. The maximum value and the 90th and 95th percentiles of M are provided in tabular format, and values of M from forensic cases can be compared to these tables as an objective means for determining whether homologous bones could have originated from the same individual. This simple technique can be combined with visual pair-matching to be particularly effective in cases involving commingling of skeletons. C1 [Thomas, Richard M.] Fed Bur Invest, Trace Evidence Unit, Lab Div, Quantico, VA USA. [Ubelaker, Douglas H.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Anthropol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Byrd, John E.] Joint POW MIA Accounting Command, Cent Identificat Lab, Hickam Afb, HI USA. RP Thomas, RM (reprint author), FBI Lab, Trace Evidence Unit, 2501 Invest Pkwy, Quantico, VA 22135 USA. EM richard.m.thomas@ic.fbi.gov NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 58 IS 4 BP 952 EP 956 DI 10.1111/1556-4029.12133 PG 5 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 179BH UT WOS:000321491200016 PM 23682771 ER PT J AU Comeaux, JA Jauchem, JR Cox, DD Crane, CC D'Andrea, JA AF Comeaux, James A. Jauchem, James R. Cox, D. Duane Crane, Carrie C. D'Andrea, John A. TI 40-Hz Square-Wave Stimulation Requires Less Energy to Produce Muscle Contraction: Compared with the TASER (R) X26 Conducted Energy Weapon SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE forensic science; Sus scrofa; TASER; conducted energy weapon; muscle contraction; electromuscular incapacitation; electronic control devices ID ELECTRONIC CONTROL DEVICE; SUS-SCROFA; ELECTRICAL-STIMULATION; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; MOTOR UNITS; EXPOSURES; CAT AB Conducted energy weapons (CEWs) (including the Advanced TASER (R) X26 model produced by TASER International, Inc.) incapacitate individuals by causing muscle contractions. In this study using anesthetized swine, the potential incapacitating effect of primarily monophasic, 19-Hz voltage imposed by the commercial CEW was compared with the effect of voltages imposed by a laboratory device that created 40-Hz square waves. Forces of muscle contraction were measured with the use of strain gauges. Stimulation with 40-Hz square waves required less pulse energy than stimulation with the commercial CEW to produce similar muscle contraction. The square-pulse stimulation, at the higher repetition rate, caused a more complete tetanus at a lower energy. Use of such a simple shape of waveform may be used to make future nonlethal weapon devices more efficient. C1 [Comeaux, James A.] Gen Dynam Informat Technol, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. [Jauchem, James R.] US Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. [Cox, D. Duane; Crane, Carrie C.; D'Andrea, John A.] US Naval Med Res Unit San Antonio, Directed Energy Biomed Res Dept, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. RP Jauchem, JR (reprint author), US Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div, Bldg 3260,4141 Petr Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. EM james.r.jauchem.civ@mail.mil FU Naval Medical Research Unit San Antonio [60984] FX We would like to thank David Fines, General Dynamics Information Technology, Brooks City-Base for technical assistance and anesthesia maintenance during the experiments. Dr. John D'Andrea, Naval Medical Research Unit San Antonio, was Project Manager for this research funded under work unit 60984. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 58 IS 4 BP 1026 EP 1031 DI 10.1111/1556-4029.12122 PG 6 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 179BH UT WOS:000321491200029 PM 23682682 ER PT J AU Esguerra, DF Hoffman, WP Thies, MC AF Esguerra, David F. Hoffman, Wesley P. Thies, Mark C. TI Fractionation of an oligomeric pyrene pitch via supercritical extraction SO JOURNAL OF SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS LA English DT Article DE Supercritical; Extraction; Fractionation; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH); Oligomer; Toluene; NMP; Co-solvent ID AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; ALUMINUM-CHLORIDE; LIQUID-EQUILIBRIA; ALKALI-METALS; CARBON-FIBERS; PLUS BENZENE; CARBONIZATION; SOLVENT; TOLUENE; N-METHYL-2-PYRROLIDINONE AB Semi-continuous, packed-column supercritical extraction was investigated for the fractionation of a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) pitch into its constituent oligomers. The starting pitch had been produced by the catalytic polymerization of pure pyrene using AlCl3. Although neat supercritical toluene (T-c=318.6 degrees C; P-c=41.1 bar) was shown to be an effective solvent for the recovery of both monomer and dimer cuts in high purities, higher-oligomer solubilities in toluene are notoriously low. However, the addition of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) as a co-solvent enhanced oligomer solubilities in the extractive, supercritical-solvent phase by a factor of 3, making possible the recovery of trimer and higher oligomers. An unexpected benefit of the use of NMP is that it was found to suppress the condensation reaction between toluene and the pyrene oligomers - apparently by forming a Lewis acid-base complex with the AlC3 catalyst - that can occur in the extraction column at temperatures above 350 degrees C. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Esguerra, David F.; Thies, Mark C.] Clemson Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Ctr Adv Engn Fibers & Films, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Hoffman, Wesley P.] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RQRC, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Thies, MC (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM mcths@clemson.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory AFRL/RQRC; Center for Advanced Engineering Fibers and Films (CAEFF) at Clemson University FX The support of this research by the Air Force Research Laboratory AFRL/RQRC and the Center for Advanced Engineering Fibers and Films (CAEFF) at Clemson University is gratefully acknowledged. NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0896-8446 J9 J SUPERCRIT FLUID JI J. Supercrit. Fluids PD JUL PY 2013 VL 79 SI SI BP 170 EP 176 DI 10.1016/j.supflu.2012.11.015 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 182DX UT WOS:000321723000025 ER PT J AU Graul, JS Ketsdever, AD Andersen, GP Lilly, TC AF Graul, J. S. Ketsdever, A. D. Andersen, G. P. Lilly, T. C. TI Note: External multipass optical trap for counterpropagating pulsed laser applications SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID SCATTERING; STORAGE; CAVITY; RING AB Pulses from a 12 mJ, frequency doubled, 5 ns FWHM, pulsed Nd:YAG laser were split and injected into opposing sides of a symmetric 2.44 m ( 96 in.) optical ring trap. Using a Pockels cell, the counterpropagating pulses were "locked" into the trap for >= 50 round trips. This optical trap has potential applications ranging from established cavity processes, e. g., laser-based absorption spectroscopy and x-ray production, to new processes such as non-resonant optical lattice gas heating and time-resolved coherent Rayleigh-Brillouin scattering diagnostic studies. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Graul, J. S.] ERC Inc, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. [Ketsdever, A. D.] Air Force Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. [Andersen, G. P.] US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Lilly, T. C.] Univ Colorado, Colorado Springs, CO 80918 USA. RP Graul, JS (reprint author), ERC Inc, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 84 IS 7 AR 076102 DI 10.1063/1.4813741 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 194AI UT WOS:000322602200083 PM 23902119 ER PT J AU Granlund, K Ol, M Bernal, L AF Granlund, K. Ol, M. Bernal, L. TI Quasi-steady response of free-to-pivot flat plates in hover SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE Flapping; Leading edge vortex; Pivoting plate; Hover ID VORTEX FORMATION; FLAPPING FLIGHT; WING ROTATION; RATIO; AERODYNAMICS; COMPUTATIONS; PERFORMANCE; FLEXIBILITY; GENERATION; FORCES AB Using force measurements and flow visualization in a water tunnel, we consider motions of rigid flat plates with square edges free to pivot about the leading edge between incidence angles of +/- 45 degrees. The plate's leading edge undergoes a prescribed periodic rectilinear translation. During most of the translation semi-stroke, the plate rests against its incidence limiter to produce a positive angle of attack; this reverses on the opposite semi-stroke, producing a motion akin to normal-hover with delayed rotation. Three aspect ratios are considered: a nominally 2D, or wall-to-wall plate spanning the tunnel test section, and plates of aspect ratios 3.4 and 5.5. Reynolds number effects in the range of 10 000-31 000 were not found to be significant. Aerodynamic force coefficient history was found to be aspect-ratio invariant, despite difference in flowfield evolution in the wake, and the force coefficients magnitude decreased for decreasing motion amplitudes. Flow visualization gives qualitative evidence for leading-edge and trailing-edge vortices, but no evidence was found of leading edge vortex stability or for contribution of vortices to aerodynamic loads, for sinusoidal or nonsinusoidal imposed motions of the plate. No evidence is found that the vortex system in the wake interacts with the plate during or after semi-stroke reversal. The main operative parameter governing aerodynamic force history is the ratio of semi-stroke amplitude to plate chord. Especially for the larger semi-stroke to chord ratios, aerodynamic response during the translational phase of motion is nearly quasi-steady, with decay in both thrust and force opposing the motion, in proceeding along each semi-stroke. The rotational phase of each semi-stroke is dominated by a loads spike as the plate approaches its incidence limiter. This spike largely disappears when the free-to-pivot plate is replaced with one with a prescribed rotational history. These findings offer favorable implications for analysis of flapping-wings using quasi-steady blade element models. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Granlund, K.; Ol, M.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Bernal, L.] Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Ol, M (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Michael.Ol@wpafb.af.mil FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research MURI program; Dr. D. Smith program monitor; U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory-University of Michigan Collaborative Center for Aerospace Sciences FX This investigation was sponsored by the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research MURI program, Dr. D. Smith program monitor, and the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory-University of Michigan Collaborative Center for Aerospace Sciences. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0889-9746 J9 J FLUID STRUCT JI J. Fluids Struct. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 40 BP 337 EP 355 DI 10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2013.02.020 PG 19 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 186NF UT WOS:000322050600022 ER PT J AU Saviers, KR Hodson, SL Fisher, TS Salvador, JR Kasten, LS AF Saviers, Kimberly R. Hodson, Stephen L. Fisher, Timothy S. Salvador, James R. Kasten, Linda S. TI Carbon Nanotube Arrays for Enhanced Thermal Interfaces to Thermoelectric Modules SO JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS AND HEAT TRANSFER LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; NANOFIBER; STRAIN; FILMS AB Thermoelectric materials exploit the Seebeck effect in which an electric potential is generated from a supplied temperature gradient. High thermal conductance through the interfaces between the thermoelectric module and its heat source and sink is crucial for generating maximum power. Primarily due to increased surface contact area and inherently low diffusive thermal resistance, carbon nanotube arrays can provide low thermal interface resistance. Vertically aligned carbon nanotube arrays are synthesized on one or both sides of copper foil by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition. Growth of similar structures on graphitic foil resulted in carbon nanofiber arrays. The products become insertable thermal interface materials. The thermal interface materials are evaluated by measuring the efficiency of a standard bismuth-telluride thermoelectric module with the thermal interface materials applied. Experiments indicate that a copper foil coated on both sides with carbon nanotubes increases thermoelectric power generation by 60% relative to the absence of thermal interface materials and by 25% relative to a bare copper foil. Photoacoustic results indicate that the thermal interface resistance decreases due to the presence of a carbon nanotube, reaching a minimum of 17 mm(2) K/W for a double-sided carbon nanotube film on copper foil. However, carbon nanofiber arrays on graphitic foil showed no improvement in thermoelectric performance or decrease in thermal interface resistance. C1 [Saviers, Kimberly R.; Hodson, Stephen L.; Fisher, Timothy S.] Purdue Univ, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Salvador, James R.] Gen Motors Res & Dev Ctr, Chem Sci & Mat Syst Lab, Warren, MI 48090 USA. [Kasten, Linda S.] US Air Force Res Lab, Thermal Sci & Mat Branch, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Fisher, TS (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, 1205 West State St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RI Fisher, Timothy/D-8517-2011 OI Fisher, Timothy/0000-0002-8909-313X NR 40 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 32 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0887-8722 J9 J THERMOPHYS HEAT TR JI J. Thermophys. Heat Transf. PD JUL-SEP PY 2013 VL 27 IS 3 BP 474 EP 481 DI 10.2514/1.T4026 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 187FG UT WOS:000322101700012 ER PT J AU Szmulowicz, F Haugan, HJ Elhamri, S Brown, GJ AF Szmulowicz, F. Haugan, H. J. Elhamri, S. Brown, G. J. TI Reprint of "Calculation of the temperature dependence of the vertical and horizontal mobilities in InAs/GaSb superlattices" SO INFRARED PHYSICS & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Quantum Structure Infrared Photodetector (QSIP) CY JUN 18-22, 2012 CL Inst Etudes Sci Cargese, FRANCE SP III V Lab, JPL, Acreo, ONERA, Aselsan, Pulse Instruments, FLIR, Qmagiq, Intelli EPI, Sofradir, Wafer Technol Ltd, Thales, Collectivite Territoriale Corse HO Inst Etudes Sci Cargese DE Superlattice; Electron mobility; Interface roughness scattering; InAs/GaSb; Infrared detector ID INTERFACE-ROUGHNESS; SEMICONDUCTOR SUPERLATTICES; PHOTODIODES; WAVELENGTH; PASSIVATION; SCATTERING; TRANSPORT AB In order to limit cooling requirements, it is important to operate superlattice devices such as infrared detectors at the highest possible temperatures consistent with maintaining satisfactory figures of merit regarding signal and noise. One of the characteristics governing the device performance is vertical carrier mobility, although only horizontal mobilities are routinely measured. Recently, we calculated low-temperature vertical and horizontal mobilities, as limited by interface roughness scattering, for type-II InAs/GaSb superlattices as a function of SL dimensions and the degree of roughness. We found that the horizontal mobility was a double-valued function of the roughness correlation length, Lambda. Here, we show that the indeterminacy of Lambda can be overcome by comparing the temperature dependence of the calculated and measured mobilities; hence, we extend the calculation to higher temperatures. While the scattering mechanism itself is temperature independent, the band structure and the carrier distribution are temperature-dependent. As a function of temperature, we find that as a function of the correlation length, mobilities can increase, decrease, or remain constant. This behavior is explained on the basis of the physics of the problem. (c) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Szmulowicz, F.; Brown, G. J.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Szmulowicz, F.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Haugan, H. J.] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Elhamri, S.] Univ Dayton, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Szmulowicz, F (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM frank.szmulowicz.ctr@wpafb.af.mil NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1350-4495 J9 INFRARED PHYS TECHN JI Infrared Phys. Technol. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 59 BP 60 EP 63 DI 10.1016/j.infrared.2013.02.002 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 172BL UT WOS:000320974800011 ER PT J AU Creighton, GA Hart, RE Cunningham, P AF Creighton, Glenn A. Hart, Robert E. Cunningham, Philip TI A Spatial Filter Approach to Evaluating the Role of Convection on the Evolution of a Mesoscale Vortex SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Tropical cyclones; Cloud resolving models ID SEA INTERACTION THEORY; TROPICAL CYCLONE; NUMERICAL-MODEL; CYCLOGENESIS; GENESIS; HURRICANES; VORTICES; WAVES; FIELD AB A new spatial filter is proposed that exploits a spectral gap in power between the convective scale and the system (vortex) scale during tropical cyclone (TC) genesis simulations. Using this spatial separation, this study analyzes idealized three-dimensional numerical simulations of deep moist convection in the presence of a symmetric midlevel vortex to quantify and understand the energy cascade between the objectively defined convective scale and system scale during the early stages of tropical cyclogenesis. The simulations neglect surface momentum, heat, and moisture fluxes to focus on generation and enhancement of vorticity within the interior to more completely close off the energy budget and to be consistent for comparison with prior benchmark studies of modeled TC genesis.The primary contribution to system-scale intensification comes from the convergence of convective-scale vorticity that is supplied by vortical hot towers (VHTs). They contribute more than the convergence of system-scale vorticity to the spinup of vorticity in these simulations by an order of magnitude. Analysis of the change of circulation with time shows an initial strengthening of the surface vortex, closely followed by a growth of the mid- to upper-level circulation. This evolution precludes any possibility of a stratiform precipitation-induced top-down mechanism as the primary contributor to system-scale spinup in this simulation. Instead, an upscale cascade of rotational kinetic energy during vortex mergers is responsible for spinup of the simulated mesoscale vortex. The spatial filter employed herein offers an alternative approach to the traditional symmetry-asymmetry paradigm, acknowledges the highly asymmetric evolution of the system-scale vortex itself, and may prove useful to future studies on TC genesis. C1 [Creighton, Glenn A.] US Air Force, AF Weather Agcy, Offutt Afb, NE 68113 USA. [Hart, Robert E.] Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Cunningham, Philip] PDL Solut Europe Ltd, Hexham, England. RP Creighton, GA (reprint author), HQ AFWA, 2WXG,16WS WXN,101 Nelson Dr, Offutt Afb, NE 68113 USA. EM glenn.creighton@offutt.af.mil FU NASA Genesis and Rapid Intensification Processes (GRIP) [NNX09AC43G] FX The authors appreciate critical feedback from Dr. Paul Reasor and Dr. Paul Ruscher on prior versions of this research for the first author's M.S. thesis at The Florida State University. The authors are grateful to reviews of this manuscript from Dr. Marc Hidalgo and Dr. Tim Nobis from the Air Force Weather Agency and three anonymous reviewers. The first author would like to especially thank his lovely wife, Mrs. Rebecca Creighton, for her time, emotional support, and grammatical expertise. Most figures in this manuscript were produced using the GrADS software package, provided by the Center for Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Studies/Institute of Global Environment and Society. This research was partially supported by NASA Genesis and Rapid Intensification Processes (GRIP) Grant NNX09AC43G. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 70 IS 7 BP 1954 EP 1976 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-12-0186.1 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 187NK UT WOS:000322125600006 ER PT J AU Gutfeld, A Zumbrunnen, CR AF Gutfeld, Arnon Zumbrunnen, Clinton R. TI From Nickel Grass to Desert Storm: The Transformation of US Intervention Capabilities in the Middle East SO MIDDLE EASTERN STUDIES LA English DT Article AB This article focuses on the description and analysis of Operation Nickel Grass - the American airlift to Israel during the Yom Kippur War in 1973. The lessons learned from this venture had a decisive impact on subsequent American political and strategic planning policies globally and especially vis-a-vis the Middle East. Furthermore, and just as crucial, it totally transformed US-Saudi relations. The object lessons of this important Cold War big power confrontation and its long-range impact on US-Middle East relations are at the core of this study. C1 [Gutfeld, Arnon] Tel Aviv Univ, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Zumbrunnen, Clinton R.] USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Gutfeld, A (reprint author), Tel Aviv Univ, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. EM gutfeld@post.tau.ac.il; clinton.zumbrunnen@us.af.mil NR 54 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0026-3206 J9 MIDDLE EASTERN STUD JI Middle East. Stud. PD JUL 1 PY 2013 VL 49 IS 4 BP 623 EP 644 DI 10.1080/00263206.2013.798312 PG 22 WC Area Studies SC Area Studies GA 181SA UT WOS:000321687600007 ER PT J AU Feaver, RK Peterson, RD Powers, PE AF Feaver, R. K. Peterson, R. D. Powers, P. E. TI Longwave-IR optical parametric oscillator in orientation-patterned GaAs pumped by a 2 mu m Tm,Ho:YLF laser SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION AB We demonstrate longwave infrared (LWIR) generation with an optical parametric oscillator (OPO) based on quasi-phasematched orientation-patterned gallium arsenide (OPGaAs). The OPGaAs OPO was directly pumped with a Q-switched lambda = 2.054 mu m Tm, Ho:YLF laser. OPGaAs samples representing three different grating periods were used to explore the LWIR OPO performance yielding outputs ranging from lambda = 2.52.7 mu m (signal) and lambda = 8.8-11.5 mu m (idler). Slope efficiencies for the combined signal and idler outputs reach as high as 26% while slope efficiencies for only the idler reached 8%. Spectral measurements of OPO output confirm good agreement with theoretical calculations. (C)2013 Optical Society of America C1 [Feaver, R. K.; Peterson, R. D.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Feaver, R. K.; Powers, P. E.] Univ Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Feaver, RK (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2241 Avion Cir, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Ryan.Feaver@wpafb.af.mil NR 12 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 17 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD JUL 1 PY 2013 VL 21 IS 13 BP 16104 EP 16110 DI 10.1364/OE.21.016104 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 176FF UT WOS:000321288400119 PM 23842397 ER PT J AU Naderi, S Dajani, I Madden, T Robin, C AF Naderi, Shadi Dajani, Iyad Madden, Timothy Robin, Craig TI Investigations of modal instabilities in fiber amplifiers through detailed numerical simulations SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID POWER; LASERS AB We present detailed numerical simulations of modal instabilities in high-power Yb-doped fiber amplifiers using a time-dependent temperature solver coupled to the optical fields and population inversion equations. The temperature is computed by solving the heat equation in polar coordinates using a 2D second-order alternating direction implicit method. We show that the higher-order modal content rises dramatically in the vicinity of the threshold and we recover the three power-dependent regions that are characteristic of the transfer of energy. We also investigate the dependence of the threshold on the seed power and the modal content ratio of the seed. The latter has a minimal effect on the threshold while it is shown that for the fiber configuration investigated, the modal instability threshold scales linearly over a wide range with the seed power. In addition, two different gain-tailored core designs are investigated and are shown to have higher thresholds than that of a uniformly doped core. Finally, we show that this full time-dependent model which does not assume a frequency offset between the modes a priori, predicts a reduced threshold when the seed is modulated at the KHz level. This is in agreement with the steady-periodic approach to this phenomenon. (C)2013 Optical Society of America C1 [Naderi, Shadi; Dajani, Iyad; Madden, Timothy; Robin, Craig] USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Naderi, S (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM Shadi.Naderi@kirtland.af.mil FU High Energy Laser Joint Technology Office (HEL-JTO); DoD High Performance Computing Modernization Program FX The authors would like to thank the High Energy Laser Joint Technology Office (HEL-JTO) for partial funding of this work. This work was supported in part by a grant of computer time from the DoD High Performance Computing Modernization Program. Dr. Naderi performed this research while serving as a postdoctoral fellow under the National Research Council Research Associateship program. NR 15 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 4 U2 13 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD JUL 1 PY 2013 VL 21 IS 13 BP 16111 EP 16129 DI 10.1364/OE.21.016111 PG 19 WC Optics SC Optics GA 176FF UT WOS:000321288400120 PM 23842398 ER PT J AU Ghoreyshi, M Jirasek, A Cummings, RM AF Ghoreyshi, Mehdi Jirasek, Adam Cummings, Russell M. TI Computational approximation of nonlinear unsteady aerodynamics using an aerodynamic model hierarchy SO AEROSPACE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Reduced order modeling; Unsteady aerodynamics; Computational fluid dynamics ID DETACHED-EDDY SIMULATION; GENERALIZED FORMULATION; NEURAL NETWORKS; FLOWS; IDENTIFICATION; OPTIMIZATION; PREDICTION; FRAMEWORK; RESPONSES; CODE AB Modeling nonlinear unsteady aerodynamic effects in the simulation of modern fighter aircraft is still a very challenging task. A framework for approximating nonlinear unsteady aerodynamics with a Radial Basis Function neural network is provided. Training data were generated from a hierarchy of aerodynamic models. At the highest level, solutions of the discretized Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations provide the quantitative and qualitative solution of flow around aircraft, although the results are expensive in terms of computational resources. The Euler simulations are less expensive and provide qualitative data up to moderate angles of attack. The integration of these data is promising for generating accurate aerodynamic models at moderate computational cost. To illustrate the method, an airfoil undergoing pitching and plunging motion is considered. The primary and secondary aerodynamic model data are computed using RANS and Euler equations, respectively. A description for a mapping between the aerodynamic loads and the motion parameters based on the implicit function theorem is described. The mapping is then augmented by adding the secondary data to the input dataset. The selection of training data is then discussed. Once the network is trained, it can compute the unsteady aerodynamic loads from motion descriptions on the order of a few seconds. The framework is examined for different motions, and in all cases, the ROM predictions closely represent the actual aerodynamic responses. It is also demonstrated that the aerodynamic hierarchy aids in the rapid development of a reduced-order model. (C) 2012 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. C1 [Ghoreyshi, Mehdi; Jirasek, Adam; Cummings, Russell M.] US Air Force Acad, Modeling & Simulat Res Ctr, Usaf Acad, CO 80840 USA. RP Ghoreyshi, M (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Modeling & Simulat Res Ctr, Usaf Acad, CO 80840 USA. EM Mehdi.Ghoreyshi@usafa.edu; Adam.Jirasek@gmail.com; Russ.Cummings@usafa.edu FU National Research Council/US Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Modeling and Simulation Research Center at USAFA FX Mehdi Ghoreyshi and Adam Jirasek were supported by the National Research Council/US Air Force Office of Scientific Research. Their financial support is gratefully acknowledged. The authors appreciate the support provided by the Modeling and Simulation Research Center at USAFA. NR 60 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1270-9638 J9 AEROSP SCI TECHNOL JI Aerosp. Sci. Technol. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 28 IS 1 BP 133 EP 144 DI 10.1016/j.ast.2012.10.009 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 174NL UT WOS:000321162600011 ER PT J AU Ghoreyshi, M Cummings, RM AF Ghoreyshi, Mehdi Cummings, Russell M. TI Challenges in the aerodynamics modeling of an oscillating and translating airfoil at large incidence angles SO AEROSPACE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Reduced order modeling; Unsteady aerodynamics; Computational fluid dynamics; Dynamic stall vortex ID DETACHED-EDDY SIMULATION; STATE-SPACE REPRESENTATION; REDUCED-ORDER MODELS; UNSTEADY AERODYNAMICS; NEURAL NETWORKS; INDICIAL METHOD; OPPORTUNITIES; COMPUTATION AB The challenges in the modeling of the unsteady lift of a two-dimensional NACA 0012 airfoil oscillating and translating at large incidence angles are investigated in this paper. Forced oscillation motions with two reduced frequency values of 0.1 and 1.0 were used. The CFD results show that a hysteresis loop was developed in the lift variation with angle of attack; shapes of the loops change significantly with reduced frequency value. A dynamic stall vortex was identified in the pitching and plunging motions with k = 0.1. This vortex delays the onset of flow separation over the upper surface to a higher incidence than would occur in steady conditions. The unsteady lift of the very fast motion is enhanced significantly due to the formation of a compression wave on the lower surface and an expansion wave on the upper surface. The results show clear limitations of unsteady aerodynamic theories for modeling motions at high incidences. Also, the CFD solution of indicial functions show a large oscillation at angles of attack beyond the stall angle, but the predictions of a model based on Radial Basis Function matches CFD values quite well. (C) 2012 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. C1 [Ghoreyshi, Mehdi; Cummings, Russell M.] US Air Force Acad, Modeling & Simulat Res Ctr, Usaf Acad, CO 80840 USA. RP Ghoreyshi, M (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Modeling & Simulat Res Ctr, Usaf Acad, CO 80840 USA. EM Mehdi.Ghoreyshi@usafa.edu; Russ.Cummings@usafa.edu FU National Research Council/US Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Modeling and Simulation Research Center at USAFA FX Mehdi Ghoreyshi was supported by the National Research Council/US Air Force Office of Scientific Research; their financial support is gratefully acknowledged. Acknowledgements are expressed to the DoD Arctic Region Supercomputing Center (ARSC) for providing computer time. Special thanks to Bill Strang and Bob Tomaro at Cobalt Solutions to provide us a beta version of Cobalt for separation point extraction. The authors appreciate the support provided by the Modeling and Simulation Research Center at USAFA. NR 67 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1270-9638 J9 AEROSP SCI TECHNOL JI Aerosp. Sci. Technol. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 28 IS 1 BP 176 EP 190 DI 10.1016/j.ast.2012.10.013 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 174NL UT WOS:000321162600015 ER PT J AU Crookes-Goodson, WJ Bojanowski, CL Kay, ML Lloyd, PF Blankemeier, A Hurtubise, JM Singh, KM Barlow, DE Ladouceur, HD Eby, DM Johnson, GR Mirau, PA Pehrsson, PE Fraser, HL Russell, JN AF Crookes-Goodson, Wendy J. Bojanowski, Caitlin L. Kay, Michelle L. Lloyd, Pamela F. Blankemeier, Andrew Hurtubise, Jennifer M. Singh, Kristi M. Barlow, Daniel E. Ladouceur, Harold D. Eby, D. Matt Johnson, Glenn R. Mirau, Peter A. Pehrsson, Pehr E. Fraser, Hamish L. Russell, John N., Jr. TI The impact of culture medium on the development and physiology of biofilms of Pseudomonas fluorescens formed on polyurethane paint SO BIOFOULING LA English DT Article DE Pseudomonas fluorescens; biodeterioration; polyurethane; biofilms; phosphate storage ID POLYESTER-POLYURETHANE; INORGANIC POLYPHOSPHATE; MICROBIAL-CONTAMINATION; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; STATIONARY-PHASE; AVIATION FUEL; BACTERIA; BIODEGRADATION; DEGRADATION; SURVIVAL AB Microbial biofilms cause the deterioration of polymeric coatings such as polyurethanes (PUs). In many cases, microbes have been shown to use the PU as a nutrient source. The interaction between biofilms and nutritive substrata is complex, since both the medium and the substratum can provide nutrients that affect biofilm formation and biodeterioration. Historically, studies of PU biodeterioration have monitored the planktonic cells in the medium surrounding the material, not the biofilm. This study monitored planktonic and biofilm cell counts, and biofilm morphology, in long-term growth experiments conducted with Pseudomonas fluorescens under different nutrient conditions. Nutrients affected planktonic and biofilm cell numbers differently, and neither was representative of the system as a whole. Microscopic examination of the biofilm revealed the presence of intracellular storage granules in biofilms grown in M9 but not yeast extract salts medium. These granules are indicative of nutrient limitation and/or entry into stationary phase, which may impact the biodegradative capability of the biofilm. C1 [Crookes-Goodson, Wendy J.; Bojanowski, Caitlin L.; Kay, Michelle L.; Lloyd, Pamela F.; Singh, Kristi M.; Mirau, Peter A.] Air Force Res Lab, Soft Matter Mat Branch, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Blankemeier, Andrew; Hurtubise, Jennifer M.; Fraser, Hamish L.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ctr Accelerated Maturat Mat, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Barlow, Daniel E.; Ladouceur, Harold D.; Pehrsson, Pehr E.; Russell, John N., Jr.] US Naval Res Lab, Surface Chem Branch, Washington, DC USA. [Eby, D. Matt; Johnson, Glenn R.] Air Force Res Lab, Appl Microbiol & Biochem Branch, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Tyndall AFB, FL USA. RP Crookes-Goodson, WJ (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Soft Matter Mat Branch, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. EM wendy.goodson@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [12RX14COR] FX This material is based upon work supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under award number 12RX14COR. The authors thank Dr Michael S. Goodson and Dr Sandra Zingarelli for comments on the manuscript. Distribution Statement A: Approved for public release, distribution is unlimited. AFRL case no. 88ABW-2012-2622; NRL case no. 12-1231-1898. NR 61 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 19 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0892-7014 J9 BIOFOULING JI Biofouling PD JUL 1 PY 2013 VL 29 IS 6 BP 601 EP 615 DI 10.1080/08927014.2013.783906 PG 15 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 172GQ UT WOS:000320988800001 PM 23697763 ER PT J AU Courtney, EDS Courtney, MW AF Courtney, E. D. S. Courtney, M. W. TI Studying the internal ballistics of a combustion-driven potato cannon using high-speed video SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB A potato cannon was designed to accommodate several different experimental propellants and have a transparent barrel so the movement of the projectile could be recorded on high-speed video (at 2000 frames per second). Five experimental propellants were tested: propane (C3H8), acetylene (C2H2), ethanol (C2H6O), methanol (CH4O) and butane (C4H10). The quantity of each experimental propellant was calculated to approximate a stoichometric mixture and considering the upper and lower flammability limits, which in turn were affected by the volume of the combustion chamber. Cylindrical projectiles were cut from raw potatoes so that there was an airtight fit, and each weighed 50 (+/- 0.5) g. For each trial, position as a function of time was determined via frame-by-frame analysis. Five trials were made for each experimental propellant and the results analyzed to compute velocity and acceleration as functions of time. Additional quantities, including force on the potato and the pressure applied to the potato, were also computed. For each experimental propellant average velocity versus barrel position curves were plotted. The most effective experimental propellant was defined as that which accelerated the potato to the highest muzzle velocity. The experimental propellant acetylene performed the best on average (138.1 m s(-1)), followed by methanol (48.2 m s(-1)), butane (34.6 m s(-1)), ethanol (33.3 m s(-1)) and propane (27.9 m s(-1)), respectively. C1 [Courtney, E. D. S.] BTG Res, Colorado Springs, CO 80962 USA. [Courtney, M. W.] US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Courtney, EDS (reprint author), BTG Res, POB 62541, Colorado Springs, CO 80962 USA. EM Michael_Courtney@alum.mit.edu NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 7 U2 15 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0143-0807 J9 EUR J PHYS JI Eur. J. Phys. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 34 IS 4 BP 915 EP 920 DI 10.1088/0143-0807/34/4/915 PG 6 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Physics GA 169GO UT WOS:000320768100016 ER PT J AU Merline, WJ Drummond, JD Carry, B Conrad, A Tamblyn, PM Dumas, C Kaasalainen, M Erikson, A Mottola, S Durech, J Rousseau, G Behrend, R Casalnuovo, GB Chinaglia, B Christou, JC Chapman, CR Neyman, C AF Merline, W. J. Drummond, J. D. Carry, B. Conrad, A. Tamblyn, P. M. Dumas, C. Kaasalainen, M. Erikson, A. Mottola, S. Durech, J. Rousseau, G. Behrend, R. Casalnuovo, G. B. Chinaglia, B. Christou, J. C. Chapman, C. R. Neyman, C. TI The Resolved Asteroid Program - Size, shape, and pole of (52) Europa SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Asteroids; Adaptive optics; Photometry; Occultations ID TRIAXIAL ELLIPSOID DIMENSIONS; 21 LUTETIA; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; ESA ROSETTA; 253 MATHILDE; IMAGES; DENSITY; MODELS; SYSTEM; MASSES AB With the adaptive optics (AO) system on the 10 m Keck-II telescope, we acquired a high quality set of 84 images at 14 epochs of asteroid (52) Europa on 2005 January 20, when it was near opposition. The epochs covered its 5.63 h rotation period and, by following its changing shape and orientation on the plane of sky, we obtained its triaxial ellipsoid dimensions and spin pole location. An independent determination from images at three epochs obtained in 2007 is in good agreement with these results. By combining these two data sets, along with a single epoch data set obtained in 2003, we have derived a global fit for (52) Europa of diameters a x b x c = (379 x 330 x 249) +/- (16 x 8 x 10) km, yielding a volume-equivalent spherical-diameter of 3 root abc = 315 +/- 7 km, and a prograde rotational pole within 7 degrees of [RA; Dec] = [257 degrees;+12 degrees] in an Equatorial J2000 reference frame (Ecliptic: 255 degrees;+35 degrees). Using the average of all mass determinations available for (52) Europa, we derive a density of 1.5 +/- 0.4 g cm(-3), typical of C-type asteroids. Comparing our images with the shape model of Michalowski et al. (2004, Astron. Astrophys. 416, 353), derived from optical lightcurves, illustrates excellent agreement, although several edge features visible in the images are not rendered by the model. We therefore derived a complete 3-D description of (52) Europa's shape using the KOALA algorithm by combining our 18 AO imaging epochs with 4 stellar occultations and 49 lightcurves. We use this 3-D shape model to assess these departures from ellipsoidal shape. Flat facets (possible giant craters) appear to be less distinct on (52) Europa than another C-types that have been imaged in detail, (253) Mathilde and (511) Davida. We show that fewer giant craters, or smaller largest-sized craters, is consistent with its expected impact history. Overall, asteroid (52) Europa is still well modeled as a smooth triaxial ellipsoid with dimensions constrained by observations obtained over several apparitions. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Merline, W. J.; Tamblyn, P. M.; Chapman, C. R.] SW Res Inst, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [Drummond, J. D.] Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Carry, B.] Observ Paris, CNRS, IMCCE, F-75014 Paris, France. [Carry, B.] ESA, European Space Astron Ctr, Madrid, Spain. [Conrad, A.] Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Conrad, A.; Neyman, C.] WM Keck Observ, Kamuela, HI 96743 USA. [Dumas, C.] ESO, Santiago, Chile. [Kaasalainen, M.] Tampere Univ Technol, FIN-33101 Tampere, Finland. [Erikson, A.; Mottola, S.] DLR, Inst Planetary Res, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. [Durech, J.] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Math & Phys, Astron Inst, CR-18000 Prague, Czech Republic. [Behrend, R.] Observ Geneva, CH-1290 Sauverny, Switzerland. [Casalnuovo, G. B.; Chinaglia, B.] Eurac Observ, Bolzano, Italy. [Christou, J. C.] Gemini Observ, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Merline, WJ (reprint author), SW Res Inst, 1050 Walnut St,300, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. EM merline@boulder.swri.edu RI Kaasalainen, Mikko/G-4236-2014; Durech, Josef/C-5634-2017 OI Durech, Josef/0000-0003-4914-3646 FU NASA; U.S. National Science Foundation; Czech Science Foundation [P209/10/0537]; Ministry of Education [MSM0021620860] FX This work presented here was supported by grants from NASA's Planetary Astronomy Program and the U.S. National Science Foundation, Planetary Astronomy Program. We are grateful for telescope time made available to us by the NASA TAC, and also for the support of our collaborators on Team Keck, the Keck science staff. The work of J.D. was supported by Grant P209/10/0537 of the Czech Science Foundation and by the Research Program MSM0021620860 of the Ministry of Education. This research has made use of NASA's Astrophysics Data System. The authors wish to recognize and acknowledge the very significant cultural role and reverence that the summit of Mauna Kea has always had within the indigenous Hawaiian community. We are most fortunate to have the opportunity to conduct observations from this mountain. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JUL PY 2013 VL 225 IS 1 BP 794 EP 805 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2013.01.010 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 174ND UT WOS:000321161800064 ER PT J AU MacPherson, E Gallerano, GP Park, GS Hintzsche, H Wilmink, GJ AF MacPherson, Emma Gallerano, Gian Piero Park, Gun-Sik Hintzsche, Henning Wilmink, Gerald Jerry Joseph TI Guest Editorial: Terahertz Imaging and Spectroscopy for Biology and Biomedicine SO IEEE JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL AND HEALTH INFORMATICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID PULSED SPECTROSCOPY C1 [MacPherson, Emma] Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Dept Elect Engn, Terahertz Lab, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Gallerano, Gian Piero] ENEA Ctr Ric, High Power Laser Lab, Frascati, Italy. [Park, Gun-Sik] Seoul Natl Univ, Ctr THz Bio Applicat Syst, Seoul, South Korea. [Park, Gun-Sik] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Seoul, South Korea. [Hintzsche, Henning] Univ Wurzburg, Inst Pharmacol & Toxicol, D-97070 Wurzburg, Germany. [Wilmink, Gerald Jerry Joseph] USAF, Res Lab, Radiofrequency Bioeffects Branch, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP MacPherson, E (reprint author), Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Dept Elect Engn, Terahertz Lab, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 22 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 2168-2194 J9 IEEE J BIOMED HEALTH JI IEEE J. Biomed. Health Inform. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 17 IS 4 BP 765 EP 767 DI 10.1109/JBHI.2013.2257333 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Medical Informatics SC Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Medical Informatics GA 175GK UT WOS:000321218700001 PM 25191690 ER PT J AU Williams, DF Corson, P Sharma, J Krishnaswamy, H Tai, W George, Z Ricketts, D Watson, P Dacquay, E Voinigescu, SP AF Williams, Dylan F. Corson, Phillip Sharma, Jahnavi Krishnaswamy, Harish Tai, Wei George, Zacharias Ricketts, David Watson, Paul Dacquay, Eric Voinigescu, Sorin P. TI Calibration-Kit Design for Millimeter-Wave Silicon Integrated Circuits SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE Calibration; measurement; millimeter wave; scattering parameters; silicon; transistor; uncertainty; vector network analyzer ID NETWORK-ANALYZER CALIBRATION; ALGORITHM AB We study and present design guidelines for thru-reflect-line vector-network-analyzer calibration kits used for characterizing circuits and transistors fabricated on silicon integrated circuits at millimeter-wave frequencies. We compare contact-pad designs and develop fixed-fill contacts that achieve both repeatable and low contact-pad capacitances. We develop a fill-free and mesh-free transmission line structure for the calibration kit and compare it to similar transmission lines with meshed ground plane. We also develop a gold plating process that greatly improves contact repeatability, permitting the use of redundant multiline calibrations. This in turn simplifies the development of an error analysis. Finally, we apply the technique to state-of-the-art transistor characterization, and present measured results with uncertainties. C1 [Williams, Dylan F.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Corson, Phillip] IBM Semicond Res & Dev Ctr, Essex Jct, VT 05452 USA. [Sharma, Jahnavi; Krishnaswamy, Harish] Columbia Univ, Dept Elect Engn, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Tai, Wei; George, Zacharias; Ricketts, David] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Watson, Paul] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Dacquay, Eric; Voinigescu, Sorin P.] Univ Toronto, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Toronto, ON M5S 3G4, Canada. RP Williams, DF (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM dylan@boulder.nist.gov FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) FX This work was supported by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) under the ELASTx Program. NR 23 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9480 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 61 IS 7 BP 2685 EP 2694 DI 10.1109/TMTT.2013.2265685 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 175GG UT WOS:000321218300017 ER PT J AU Williams, PS Spencer, DB Erwin, RS AF Williams, Patrick S. Spencer, David B. Erwin, Richard S. TI Coupling of Estimation and Sensor Tasking Applied to Satellite Tracking SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID LYAPUNOV EXPONENTS; TIME-SERIES AB The tracking of resident space objects has been a topic of recent concern due to the numerous objects that must be monitored with respect to relatively few sensors that can observe them. This discrepancy creates situations in which sensors have multiple objects within their view and must decide which to observe and which to ignore at a particular time, a process known as sensor tasking or sensor network management. Previous studies have suggested calculating information- (or covariance-) based metrics to aid in this process, which rely on uncertainty estimates of an object's location obtained using a nonlinear estimator. In these studies, the coupling between estimation and sensor tasking is investigated using two covariance-based tasking strategies in conjunction with two nonlinear estimators applied within a simple planar satellite-tracking simulation. Results demonstrate that the use of more accurate estimators leads to better overall estimates, not only due to the advantages within the estimation methods, but from the improvement in tasking decisions due to selection of these estimators. In addition, the paper introduces a new utility metric based on approximating stability of the estimation error through estimating a largest Lyapunov exponent, which is shown to outperform an existing Fisher information tasking approach. C1 [Williams, Patrick S.; Spencer, David B.] Penn State Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Erwin, Richard S.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. RP Williams, PS (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, 229 Hammond Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD JUL-AUG PY 2013 VL 36 IS 4 BP 993 EP 1007 DI 10.2514/1.59361 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 179PY UT WOS:000321535000009 ER PT J AU DeMars, KJ Bishop, RH Jah, MK AF DeMars, Kyle J. Bishop, Robert H. Jah, Moriba K. TI Entropy-Based Approach for Uncertainty Propagation of Nonlinear Dynamical Systems SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID ROBUST AB Uncertainty propagation of dynamical systems is a common need across many domains and disciplines. In nonlinear settings, the extended Kalman filter is the de facto standard propagation tool. Recently, a new class of propagation methods called sigma-point Kalman filters was introduced, which eliminated the need for explicit computation of tangent linear matrices. It has been shown in numerous cases that the actual uncertainty of a dynamical system cannot be accurately described by a Gaussian probability density function. This has motivated work in applying the Gaussian mixture model approach to better approximate the non-Gaussian probability density function. A limitation to existing approaches is that the number of Gaussian components of the Gaussian mixture model is fixed throughout the propagation of uncertainty. This limitation has made previous work ill-suited for nonstationary probability density functions either due to inaccurate representation of the probability density function or computational burden given a large number of Gaussian components that may not be needed. This work examines an improved method implementing a Gaussian mixture model that is adapted online via splitting of the Gaussian mixture model components triggered by an entropy-based detection of nonlinearity during the probability density function evolution. In doing so, the Gaussian mixture model approximation adaptively includes additional components as nonlinearity is encountered and can therefore be used to more accurately approximate the probability density function. This paper introduces this strategy, called adaptive entropy-based Gaussian-mixture information synthesis. The adaptive entropy-based Gaussian-mixture information synthesis method is demonstrated for its ability to accurately perform inference on two cases of uncertain orbital dynamical systems. The impact of this work for orbital dynamical systems is that the improved representation of the uncertainty of the space object can then be used more consistently for identification and tracking. C1 [DeMars, Kyle J.] US Air Force Res Lab, Natl Res Council, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Bishop, Robert H.] Marquette Univ, Coll Engn, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. [Jah, Moriba K.] US Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP DeMars, KJ (reprint author), Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. OI Jah, Moriba/0000-0003-1109-0374 FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The work presented herein was performed with support from the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research. Many thanks go to Kent Miller, Doug Cochran, Fariba Fahroo, and Tristan Nguyen for their support via various mechanisms (U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research Lab Task and National Research Council Research Associateship). NR 29 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0731-5090 EI 1533-3884 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD JUL-AUG PY 2013 VL 36 IS 4 BP 1047 EP 1057 DI 10.2514/1.58987 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 179PY UT WOS:000321535000013 ER PT J AU Reynolds, CL Reynolds, JG Crespo, A Gillespie, JK Chabak, KD Davis, RF AF Reynolds, C. Lewis, Jr. Reynolds, Judith G. Crespo, Antonio Gillespie, James K. Chabak, Kelson D. Davis, Robert F. TI Dislocations as quantum wires: Buffer leakage in AlGaN/GaN heterostructures SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID NUCLEATION LAYER GROWTH; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; THREADING DISLOCATIONS; GAN; MOBILITY; RATIO AB Buffer leakage in aluminum gallium nitride/gallium nitride (AlGaN/GaN) heterostructure transistors is recognized as an issue that has deleterious consequences on device performance for high-power, high-frequency transistors and has been related to the presence of uncharged threading screw dislocations. In this study, we demonstrate that measurements of buffer leakage in AlGaN/GaN heterostructures grown on bulk gallium nitride (GaN) substrates are consistent with a mechanism based on the concept of dislocations acting as quantum wires in series with unintentional silicon (Si) impurity incorporation at the bulk GaN substrate/GaN buffer interface. The number of electronic channels N deduced from the leakage data using Landauer's formula for the quantum resistance of N electronic channels is consistent with the number of dislocations along the ohmic contact pads determined from panchromatic cathodoluminescence and x-ray diffraction measurements of the dislocation density. This mechanism is consistent with Shockley's suggestion that dislocations can act as one-dimensional conductors due to the presence of edge states along the dislocation core. C1 [Reynolds, C. Lewis, Jr.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Reynolds, Judith G.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Crespo, Antonio; Gillespie, James K.; Chabak, Kelson D.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Davis, Robert F.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Reynolds, CL (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Box 7907, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM lew_reynolds@ncsu.edu RI Davis, Robert/A-9376-2011 OI Davis, Robert/0000-0002-4437-0885 NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 16 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 28 IS 13 SI SI BP 1687 EP 1691 DI 10.1557/jmr.2013.76 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 175BS UT WOS:000321204900008 ER PT J AU Heidler, JT AF Heidler, Jeanne T. TI Jackson's Sword: The Army Officer Corps on the American Frontier, 1810-1821 SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Heidler, Jeanne T.] US Air Force Acad, Boulder, CO USA. RP Heidler, JT (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Boulder, CO USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 77 IS 3 BP 1122 EP 1123 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 174NM UT WOS:000321162700037 ER PT J AU Chaudhari, M Tiley, J Banerjee, R Du, JC AF Chaudhari, Mrunalkumar Tiley, Jaimie Banerjee, Rajarshi Du, Jincheng TI Site preference and interaction energies of Co and Cr in gamma prime Ni3Al: a first-principles study SO MODELLING AND SIMULATION IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID GAS-TURBINE MATERIALS; NICKEL-BASED SUPERALLOYS; CLUSTER VARIATION METHOD; WAVE BASIS-SET; ALLOYING ELEMENTS; ATOM-PROBE; TERNARY ADDITIONS; ELASTIC PROPERTIES; BASE SUPERALLOYS; PHASE COMPOSITIONS AB Nickel-based superalloys are critical for aerospace and power applications due to excellent high-temperature properties. These high-temperature properties are attributed to the coherently precipitated gamma prime phase in the gamma matrix. The segregation of alloying elements between the matrix and the gamma prime phase drives precipitate misfit strains and impacts material strength. This study aims at understanding the site preference of Co and Cr within the ordered gamma prime phase. The study also calculates the interaction energy between alloying additions within the ternary systems Ni-Al-Cr and Ni-Al-Co, and the quaternary system Ni-Al-Cr-Co. It is found that Co has mixed substitution behavior between the Al and Ni sites in the gamma prime phase. The results from the Ni-Al-Cr ternary system show that two Cr atoms prefer being close to each other, with the most stable configuration of the first nearest neighbors of the Al-Al site. The interaction energies calculated from the Ni-Al-Co system show that the initial distance between two Co atoms will decide whether the two Co atoms prefer Ni-Ni or Ni-Al configuration. The study on the quaternary system Ni-Al-Cr-Co reveals that the initial configuration of Cr and Co atoms will affect the final most stable configuration. The results are found to be consistent with our previous findings. C1 [Chaudhari, Mrunalkumar; Banerjee, Rajarshi; Du, Jincheng] Univ N Texas, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Tiley, Jaimie] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Chaudhari, M (reprint author), Univ N Texas, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Denton, TX 76203 USA. EM Jincheng.du@unt.edu FU Institute for Science and Engineering Simulations (ISES) under Air Force Contract [FA8650-08-C-5226] FX This project was supported by the Institute for Science and Engineering Simulations (ISES) under Air Force Contract FA8650-08-C-5226, managed by the Air Force Research Laboratory. NR 61 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 38 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0965-0393 EI 1361-651X J9 MODEL SIMUL MATER SC JI Model. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 21 IS 5 AR 055006 DI 10.1088/0965-0393/21/5/055006 PG 20 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 176FJ UT WOS:000321288800006 ER PT J AU Lee, CO Arge, CN Odstrcil, D Millward, G Pizzo, V Quinn, JM Henney, CJ AF Lee, C. O. Arge, C. N. Odstrcil, D. Millward, G. Pizzo, V. Quinn, J. M. Henney, C. J. TI Ensemble Modeling of CME Propagation SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Coronal mass ejections, modeling; Solar wind, modeling; Solar wind, observations ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; SOLAR-WIND; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; CONE MODEL; INTERPLANETARY; FLUX AB The current progression toward solar maximum provides a unique opportunity to use multi-perspective spacecraft observations together with numerical models to better understand the evolution and propagation of coronal mass ejections (CMEs). Of interest to both the scientific and forecasting communities are the Earth-directed "halo" CMEs, since they typically produce the most geoeffective events. However, determining the actual initial geometries of halo CMEs is a challenge due to the plane-of-sky projection effects. Thus the recent 15 February 2011 halo CME event has been selected for this study. During this event the Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatory (STEREO) A and B spacecraft were fortuitously located similar to aEuro parts per thousand 90A degrees away from the Sun-Earth line such that the CME was viewed as a limb event from these two spacecraft, thereby providing a more reliable constraint on the initial CME geometry. These multi-perspective observations were utilized to provide a simple geometrical description that assumes a cone shape for a CME to calculate its angular width and central position. The event was simulated using the coupled Wang-Sheeley-Arge (WSA)-Enlil 3D numerical solar corona-solar wind model. Daily updated global photospheric magnetic field maps were used to drive the background solar wind. To improve our modeling techniques, the sensitivity of the modeled CME arrival times to the initial input CME geometry was assessed by creating an ensemble of numerical simulations based on multiple sets of cone parameters for this event. It was found that the accuracy of the modeled arrival times not only depends on the initial input CME geometry, but also on the accuracy of the modeled solar wind background, which is driven by the input maps of the photospheric field. To improve the modeling of the background solar wind, the recently developed data-assimilated magnetic field synoptic maps produced by the Air Force Data Assimilative Photospheric flux Transport (ADAPT) model were used. The ADAPT maps provide a more instantaneous snapshot of the global photospheric field distribution than that provided by traditional daily updated synoptic maps. Using ADAPT to drive the background solar wind, an ensemble set of eight different CME arrival times was generated, where the spread in the predictions was similar to aEuro parts per thousand 13 hours and was nearly centered on the observed CME shock arrival time. C1 [Lee, C. O.; Arge, C. N.; Quinn, J. M.; Henney, C. J.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. [Odstrcil, D.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Millward, G.; Pizzo, V.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. RP Lee, CO (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. EM cleevantilborg@gmail.com OI Lee, Christina/0000-0002-1604-3326 FU NASA; NSF; USAF; National Research Council Air Force Research Laboratory Space Vehicles Directorate in Kirtland Air Force Base, New Mexico; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The authors thank the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Space Physics Data Facility (SPDF) and National Space Science Data Center (NSSDC) for providing the OMNI data and OMNIWeb access, the National Solar Observatory Global Oscillation Network Group for providing access to their magnetogram and synoptic map data sets, and the agencies sponsoring these archives (NASA, NSF, USAF). The authors would like to acknowledge that SOHO is a project of international cooperation between the European Space Agency and NASA. In addition, the authors wish to express thanks to Drs. Joan Burkepile and Doug Biesecker for discussions regarding the complexities of characterizing halo CMEs from line-of-sight white light coronagraph images.; This research was performed while Christina O. Lee held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the Air Force Research Laboratory Space Vehicles Directorate in Kirtland Air Force Base, New Mexico and is supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 37 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 EI 1573-093X J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 285 IS 1-2 BP 349 EP 368 DI 10.1007/s11207-012-9980-1 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 138OS UT WOS:000318518600020 ER PT J AU McCracken, B Klineberg, E Pickard, B Wisner, DH AF McCracken, Bonnie Klineberg, Eric Pickard, Brian Wisner, David H. TI Flexion and extension radiographic evaluation for the clearance of potential cervical spine injures in trauma patients SO EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Flexion extension; Cervical spine; Spine clearance ID BLUNT TRAUMA; LIGAMENTOUS INJURIES; OBTUNDED PATIENTS; CRITERIA; RULE AB Flexion and extension radiographs are often used in the setting of trauma to clear a cervical spine injury. The utility of such tests, however, remains to be determined. We hypothesized that in patients who underwent a negative computed tomography (CT) cervical spine scan, flexion and extension radiographs did not yield useful additional information. We conducted a retrospective chart review of all patients admitted to a Level I trauma center who had a negative CT scan of the cervical spine and a subsequent cervical flexion-extension study for evaluation of potential cervical spine injury. All flexion-extension films were independently reviewed to determine adequacy as defined by C7/T1 visualization and 30A degrees of change in the angle from flexion to extension. The independent reviews were compared to formal radiology readings and the influence of the flexion-extension studies on clinical decision making was also reviewed. One thousand patients met inclusion criteria for the study. Review of the flexion-extension radiographs revealed that 80 % of the films either did not adequately demonstrate the C7/T1 junction or had less than 30A degrees range of motion. There was one missed injury that was also missed on magnetic resonance imaging. Results of the flexion-extension views had minimal effects on clinical decision making. Adequate flexion extension films are difficult to obtain and are minimally helpful for clearance of the cervical spine in awake and alert trauma patients. C1 [McCracken, Bonnie] Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Trauma & Emergency Surg Program, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Klineberg, Eric] Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Dept Orthoped Surg, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Pickard, Brian] United States Air Force, Colorado Springs, CO USA. [Wisner, David H.] Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. RP McCracken, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Trauma & Emergency Surg Program, 2315 Stockton Blvd Ste 4212, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. EM bonnie.mccracken@udmc.ucdavis.edu; eric.klineberg@ucdmc.ucdavis.edu; Traumamd2@gmail.com; david.wisner@ucdmc.ucdavis.edu NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0940-6719 J9 EUR SPINE J JI Eur. Spine J. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 22 IS 7 BP 1467 EP 1473 DI 10.1007/s00586-012-2598-z PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology; Orthopedics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Orthopedics GA 175OS UT WOS:000321240600003 PM 23404352 ER PT J AU Fuller, DF Saville, MA AF Fuller, Dane F. Saville, Michael A. TI A High-Frequency Multipeak Model for Wide-Angle SAR Imagery SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Distributed scatterer model; joint frequency-polarization scatter classification; parametric scattering model; synthetic aperture radar (SAR); wide-angle SAR ID SCATTERING CENTERS; RADAR; DECOMPOSITION; EXTRACTION; TARGETS; ATR AB A new modeling method for representing distributed scattering centers in wide-angle synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is presented. The proposed multipeak model approximates amplitudes of localized image peaks that typically appear at a single pixel or as an in-line set of pixels in a SAR image. In this way, the multipeak model is an improvement over existing peak models which poorly represent distributed canonical scatterers, such as the common dihedral with a fold line oriented parallel to the imaging plane. The model is derived from a wide-angle approximation of the well-known attributed scattering center or parametric models when under the action of a linear imaging operator. It is shown that, under typical imaging conditions of 10 degrees or more in the synthetic aperture, the multipeak model approximates the image peak amplitudes due to distributed canonical scatterers as if they are due to an equivalent point scatterer with an azimuth-independent dispersive amplitude function in the spectral domain. This improves parameter estimation and scatterer classification, and it is also shown that the imaging relative error due to the approximation is less than 2% for other common image processing conditions such as tapered windowing in azimuth and when the canonical scatterer is at least ten wavelengths in size. A distinct advantage of the multipeak model over point scatterer models is that parameter estimation and scatterer classification can be performed solely in the spatial domain on a pixel-by-pixel basis and efficiently integrated within a linear SAR imaging process. To illustrate the benefits and limitations of the approach, parameter estimation and scatterer classification experiments are presented using simulated SAR data. C1 [Fuller, Dane F.; Saville, Michael A.] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Fuller, DF (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM dane.fuller@us.af.mil; dr.michael.saville@gmail.com NR 42 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 12 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JUL PY 2013 VL 51 IS 7 BP 4279 EP 4291 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2012.2226732 PN 2 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 171QI UT WOS:000320943700016 ER PT J AU Ganguli, S Wheeler, R Sihn, S Shade, P Roy, AK AF Ganguli, S. Wheeler, R. Sihn, S. Shade, P. Roy, A. K. TI Thermal conductivity measurement at micrometer length scales based on a temperature-balance method SO MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE thermal conductivity; microscale structures; steady state; MEMS device AB We have developed a novel thermal conductivity measurement technique that is applicable to micro- and nanoscale structures. The methodology integrates a device consisting of two identical microheaters with thin-filmed platinum heating elements and integrated resistance temperature devices (RTDs) on trenched, thermally isolated silicon substrates. The platinum RTDs used for temperature measurement were calibrated by monitoring the melting points of three metallic microspheres placed on the device as its power was increased. We validated our measurement technique by measuring thermal conductivities of several micrometer-sized metallic wire standards with known values. A multiphysical analysis based on a 3D finite element method has been conducted to simulate both the electric and thermal behaviors of the microheaters. These simulations describing the heating and heat flow in the device yield similar temperature profiles near the microheaters obtained in the experimental system. C1 [Ganguli, S.; Wheeler, R.; Sihn, S.; Shade, P.; Roy, A. K.] USAF, Res Labs, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Ganguli, S.; Sihn, S.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Wheeler, R.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Ganguli, S (reprint author), USAF, Res Labs, Mat & Mfg Directorate, 2941 HobsonWay, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM sabyasachi.ganguli@wpafb.af.mil RI Shade, Paul/H-6459-2011 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research under the Mechanics of Multifunctional Materials and Microsystems Program [2302BR7P] FX The authors would like to thank the support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under the Mechanics of Multifunctional Materials and Microsystems Program, (Task 2302BR7P-Dr Byung-Lip (Les) Lee). We would also like to acknowledge the assistance of Major L Starman at the Air Force Institute of Technology and Dr N Mark, M Mirabelli and Dr W Benard at the Army Research Laboratory for their considerable assistance in both the design and production of the MEMS heaters. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-0233 EI 1361-6501 J9 MEAS SCI TECHNOL JI Meas. Sci. Technol. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 24 IS 7 AR 075006 DI 10.1088/0957-0233/24/7/075006 PG 13 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 164YO UT WOS:000320449100033 ER PT J AU Macdonald, JR Beecher, SJ Berry, PA Brown, G Schepler, KL Kar, AK AF Macdonald, John R. Beecher, Stephen J. Berry, Patrick A. Brown, Graeme Schepler, Kenneth L. Kar, Ajoy K. TI Efficient mid-infrared Cr:ZnSe channel waveguide laser operating at 2486 nm SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ZINC CHALCOGENIDES; HIGH-POWER AB We report a Cr:ZnSe channel waveguide laser operating at 2486 nm. A maximum power output of 285 mW is achieved and slope efficiencies as high as 45% are demonstrated. Ultrafast laser inscription is used to fabricate the depressed cladding waveguide in a polycrystalline Cr: ZnSe sample. Waveguide structures are proposed as a compact and robust solution to the thermal lensing problem that has so far limited power scaling of transition metal doped II-VI lasers. (C) 2013 Optical Society of America C1 [Macdonald, John R.; Beecher, Stephen J.; Brown, Graeme; Kar, Ajoy K.] Heriot Watt Univ, Inst Photon & Quantum Sci, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland. [Berry, Patrick A.; Schepler, Kenneth L.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Macdonald, JR (reprint author), Heriot Watt Univ, Inst Photon & Quantum Sci, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland. EM jrm7@hw.ac.uk OI Berry, Patrick/0000-0003-1294-6509; Schepler, Kenneth/0000-0001-9658-2305 FU European Office of Aerospace Research and Development (EOARD) [FA8655-11-1-3001]; Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) [EP/G030227/1] FX This work was supported by the European Office of Aerospace Research and Development (EOARD) grant number FA8655-11-1-3001 and the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) grant number EP/G030227/1. J. R. M and S. J. B thank Mark Stewart for assistance on the design and manufacturing of optomechanical apparatus. NR 16 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 38 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD JUL 1 PY 2013 VL 38 IS 13 BP 2194 EP 2196 DI 10.1364/OL.38.002194 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 175VU UT WOS:000321262500012 PM 23811874 ER PT J AU Wu, Y Zhang, ZL Ombrello, TM AF Wu, Yue Zhang, Zhili Ombrello, Timothy M. TI Spatially resolved measurement of singlet delta oxygen by radar resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE-MEASUREMENTS; QUANTITATIVE DETECTION; MICROWAVE-SCATTERING; O-2; REMPI; B(1)SIGMA(+)(G); A(1)DELTA(G); ABSORPTION; FLAME AB Coherent microwave Rayleigh scattering (Radar) from resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) was demonstrated to directly and nonintrusively measure singlet delta oxygen, O-2(a(1)Delta(g)), with high spatial resolution. Two different approaches, photodissociation of ozone and microwave discharge plasma in an argon and oxygen flow, were utilized for O-2(a(1)Delta(g)) generation. The d(1)Pi(g)<- a(1)Delta(g) (3-0) and d(1)Pi(g)<- a(1)Delta(g) (1-0) bands of O-2(a(1)Delta(g)) were detected by Radar REMPI for two different flow conditions. Quantitative absorption measurements using sensitive off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy (ICOS) was used simultaneously to evaluate the accuracy and sensitivity of the Radar REMPI technique. The detection limit of Radar REMPI was found to be comparable to the ICOS technique with a detection threshold of approximately 10(14) molecules/cm(3) but with a spatial resolution that was 8 orders of magnitude smaller than the ICOS technique. (C) 2013 Optical Society of America C1 [Wu, Yue; Zhang, Zhili] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Ombrello, Timothy M.] Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Zhang, ZL (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, 1512 Middle Dr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM zzhang24@utk.edu RI Zhang, Zhili/F-1305-2010 OI Zhang, Zhili/0000-0002-0831-0471 NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 24 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD JUL 1 PY 2013 VL 38 IS 13 BP 2286 EP 2288 DI 10.1364/OL.38.002286 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 175VU UT WOS:000321262500042 PM 23811904 ER PT J AU Williams, RA Gatien, G Hagerty, BM Kane, M Otto, L Wilson, C Throop, M AF Williams, Reg Arthur Gatien, Gary Hagerty, Bonnie M. Kane, Michele Otto, Laureen Wilson, Candy Throop, Meryia TI Addressing Psychosocial Care Using an Interactive Web site for Combat-Wounded Patients SO PERSPECTIVES IN PSYCHIATRIC CARE LA English DT Article DE Combat; depression; military nurses; psychosocial; PTSD; stress ID SOCIAL SUPPORT; DEPRESSION; TRIAL; VALIDITY; PROGRAM; STRESS; HEALTH; SENSE AB PURPOSE: The aims were to examine military nurses and combat-wounded patients' evaluation of a cognitive behavioral intervention Web site called Stress Gym. DESIGN AND METHODS: The use of the intervention was a proof-of-concept design with 129 military nurses and combat-wounded patients in military medical treatment facilities (MTFs). The nurses and patients logged on to Stress Gym, reviewed the nine modules available, and completed a short evaluation of the Web site. FINDINGS: The evaluation of the military nurses and patients was high. There were no significant differences in the evaluation based on military services, sex, deployment, and education levels. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: The strength of Stress Gym is that it enables all military members to learn about and get help with problems such as stress, anxiety, anger, and depressive symptoms anonymously and in private. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Stress Gym is a versatile tool that can help nurses address the psychosocial needs of their patients by encouraging its use and including it in treatment protocols. C1 [Williams, Reg Arthur] Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Sch Nursing & Psychiat, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Gatien, Gary; Hagerty, Bonnie M.] Univ Michigan, Sch Nursing, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Kane, Michele] USN, Walter Reed Natl Mil Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. [Otto, Laureen] Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. [Wilson, Candy] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. [Throop, Meryia] Walter Reed Natl Mil Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Williams, RA (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Sch Nursing & Psychiat, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM rawill@umich.edu FU TriService Nursing Research Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; Elsie Andresen Research Fund at University of Michigan FX This paper was supported in part by the TriService Nursing Research Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, and Elsie Andresen Research Fund at University of Michigan; however, the information or content and conclusions do not necessarily represent the official position or policy of, nor should any official endorsement be inferred by, the TriService Nursing Research Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, the Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0031-5990 J9 PERSPECT PSYCHIATR C JI Perspect. Psychiatr. Care PD JUL PY 2013 VL 49 IS 3 BP 152 EP 161 DI 10.1111/j.1744-6163.2012.00344.x PG 10 WC Nursing; Psychiatry SC Nursing; Psychiatry GA 175AR UT WOS:000321202000003 PM 23819665 ER PT J AU Stanford, B Beran, P AF Stanford, Bret Beran, Philip TI Aerothermoelastic topology optimization with flutter and buckling metrics SO STRUCTURAL AND MULTIDISCIPLINARY OPTIMIZATION LA English DT Article DE Panel flutter; Topology optimization; Aerothermoelasticity ID SUPERSONIC PANEL FLUTTER; STRUCTURAL TOPOLOGY; AEROELASTIC STABILITY; HYPERSONIC FLOW; PIEZOELECTRIC ACTUATORS; COMPLIANT MECHANISMS; CONCEPTUAL DESIGN; COMPOSITE PANEL; SHAPE DESIGN; LOADS AB This work develops a framework for SIMP-based topology optimization of a metallic panel structure subjected to design-dependent aerodynamic, inertial, elastic, and thermal loads. Multi-physics eigenvalue-based design metrics such as thermal buckling and dynamic flutter are derived, along with their adjoint-based design derivatives. Locating the flutter point (Hopf-bifurcation) in a precise and efficient manner is a particular challenge, as is outfitting the optimization problem with sufficient constraints such that the critical flutter mode does not switch during the design process. Results are presented for flutter-optimal topologies of an unheated panel, thermal buckling-optimal topologies, and flutter-optimality of a heated panel (where the latter case presents a topological compromise between the former two). The effect of various constraint boundaries, temperature gradients, and (for the flutter of the heated panel) thermal load magnitude are assessed. Off-design flutter and thermal buckling boundaries are given as well. C1 [Stanford, Bret; Beran, Philip] US Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Stanford, B (reprint author), US Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM bretkennedystanford@gmail.com FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [03VA01COR] FX This work is sponsored by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Laboratory Task 03VA01COR, monitored by Dr. Fariba Fahroo. NR 89 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 34 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1615-147X J9 STRUCT MULTIDISCIP O JI Struct. Multidiscip. Optim. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 48 IS 1 BP 149 EP 171 DI 10.1007/s00158-013-0885-x PG 23 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mechanics GA 170PQ UT WOS:000320865900010 ER PT J AU Tao, X Bortnik, J Albert, JM Thorne, RM Li, W AF Tao, X. Bortnik, J. Albert, J. M. Thorne, R. M. Li, W. TI The importance of amplitude modulation in nonlinear interactions between electrons and large amplitude whistler waves SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Nonlinear interaction; Phase trapping; Amplitude modulation; Resonance overlap ID COHERENT VLF WAVES; STORM-TIME CHORUS; MAGNETIC-FIELD; ENERGETIC ELECTRONS; MAGNETOSPHERE; EMISSIONS; ACCELERATION; ANGLE AB The effects of amplitude modulation on nonlinear interactions between a parallel propagating whistler wave and electrons in a dipole field are investigated in this work using a test particle code. Here we first use the test particle simulation to validate a previous single-wave nonlinear theory. Then we adopt a simple two-wave model to represent the recently observed amplitude modulation of a whistler wave field. By varying the frequency spacing between the two waves, we investigate the effects of different modulation frequencies on the nonlinear interactions. We demonstrate that when the resonance overlap condition is satisfied, the resulting change in the electron pitch angle and energy could be very different from what has been predicted by ideal single-wave nonlinear theories. Using a previously observed probability distribution of the subpacket modulation frequency of a chorus event, we obtain the probability distribution of different types of electron response. Our results indicate that the observed subpacket distribution produces particle responses in both non-overlapping and overlapping regimes. Our results suggest that the observed amplitude modulation should be considered when quantitatively treating interactions between electrons and recently observed large amplitude whistler waves or chorus waves. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Tao, X.; Bortnik, J.; Thorne, R. M.; Li, W.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Bortnik, J.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Tao, X (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM xtao@atmos.ucla.edu; jbortnik@atmos.ucla.edu; jay.albert@us.af.mil; rmt@atmos.ucla.edu; moonli@atmos.ucla.edu RI Li, Wen/F-3722-2011; OI Albert, Jay/0000-0001-9494-7630 NR 44 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 EI 1879-1824 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 99 SI SI BP 67 EP 72 DI 10.1016/j.jastp.2012.05.012 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 165OS UT WOS:000320493800010 ER PT J AU Phillips, DM Baur, JW AF Phillips, David M. Baur, Jeffery W. TI A microvascular method for thermal activation and deactivation of shape memory polymers SO JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT MATERIAL SYSTEMS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE Control; shape memory; polymers AB The integration of material systems to include thermal activation and deactivation of shape memory polymers represents a key challenge for adaptive systems. Microvascular fluid flow with hot or cold fluid is used as an energy transport mechanism to activate and deactivate shape memory polymers, where the maximum temperature is limited by the hot fluid temperature to prevent overheating. A thin panel was constructed from the Veriflex((R)) shape memory polymer and included an array of 10 parallel microvascular tubes. The panel is strained orthogonally to the tube direction in the activated state. An analytical steady-state surface temperature model is applied to predict the surface temperature range during activation. Thermography is used to measure the steady-state surface temperature for heating and the dynamic surface temperature for both heating and cooling. The decay constants and surface temperature range for heating and cooling are examined as a function of applied strain (0%-20%) and fluid flow rate (0-25 g min(-1) of water). The decay constants depended strongly on flow rate and weakly on strain. The observed vascular cooling rate was up to six times faster than the comparable natural convection cooling rate for the flow rates tested. This faster cooling rate can significantly reduce temperature cycle times. C1 [Phillips, David M.; Baur, Jeffery W.] AFRL, Mat & Mfg Directorate RXCC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Phillips, David M.] UTC, Dayton, OH USA. RP Phillips, DM (reprint author), AFRL, RXCC, 2941 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM david.phillips.ctr@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [09RX02COR] FX This study was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (PM Byung-lip "Les'' Lee, grant number 09RX02COR). NR 15 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 9 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1045-389X J9 J INTEL MAT SYST STR JI J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 24 IS 10 BP 1233 EP 1244 DI 10.1177/1045389X12471907 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 168KC UT WOS:000320703400007 ER PT J AU Cahill, J Fickus, M Mixon, DG Poteet, MJ Strawn, N AF Cahill, Jameson Fickus, Matthew Mixon, Dustin G. Poteet, Miriam J. Strawn, Nate TI Constructing finite frames of a given spectrum and set of lengths SO APPLIED AND COMPUTATIONAL HARMONIC ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Frame; Construction; Tight; Unit norm; Equal norm; Interlacing; Majorization; Schur-Horn ID TIGHT FRAMES; ERASURES; ALGORITHMS; EXPANSIONS; SEQUENCES; OPERATORS; ADVENT; BASES; LIFE AB When constructing finite frames for a given application, the most important consideration is the spectrum of the frame operator. Indeed, the minimum and maximum eigenvalues of the frame operator are the optimal frame bounds, and the frame is tight precisely when this spectrum is constant. Often, the second-most important design consideration is the lengths of frame vectors: Gabor, wavelet, equiangular and Grassmannian frames are all special cases of equal norm frames, and unit norm tight frame-based encoding is known to be optimally robust against additive noise and erasures. We consider the problem of constructing frames whose frame operator has a given spectrum and whose vectors have prescribed lengths. For a given spectrum and set of lengths, the existence of such frames is characterized by the Schur-Horn Theorem-they exist if and only if the spectrum majorizes the squared lengths-the classical proof of which is nonconstructive. Certain construction methods, such as harmonic frames and spectral tetris, are known in the special case of unit norm tight frames, but even these provide but a few examples from the manifold of all such frames, the dimension of which is known and nontrivial. In this paper, we provide a new method for explicitly constructing any and all frames whose frame operator has a prescribed spectrum and whose vectors have prescribed lengths. The method itself has two parts. In the first part, one chooses eigensteps-a sequence of interlacing spectra that transform the trivial spectrum into the desired one. The second part is to explicitly compute the frame vectors in terms of these eigensteps; though nontrivial, this process is nevertheless straightforward enough to be implemented by hand, involving only arithmetic, square roots and matrix multiplication. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Cahill, Jameson] Univ Missouri, Dept Math, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Fickus, Matthew; Poteet, Miriam J.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Mixon, Dustin G.] Princeton Univ, Program Appl & Computat Math, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Strawn, Nate] Univ Maryland, Dept Math, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Fickus, M (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Matthew.Fickus@afit.edu FU NSF DMS [1042701, 1008183]; NSF CCF [1017278]; AFOSR [F1ATA01103J001, F1ATA00183G003]; A.B. Krongard Fellowship FX The authors thank Prof. Peter G. Casazza for insightful discussions. This work was supported by NSF DMS 1042701, NSF DMS 1008183, NSF CCF 1017278, AFOSR F1ATA01103J001, AFOSR F1ATA00183G003 and the A.B. Krongard Fellowship. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the United States Air Force, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. NR 26 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1063-5203 J9 APPL COMPUT HARMON A JI Appl. Comput. Harmon. Anal. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 35 IS 1 BP 52 EP 73 DI 10.1016/j.acha.2012.08.001 PG 22 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 154XD UT WOS:000319709100004 ER PT J AU Brennan, TJ Wittich, DJ AF Brennan, Terry J. Wittich, Donald J., III TI Statistical analysis of Airborne Aero-Optical Laboratory optical wavefront measurements SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Airborne Aero-Optical Laboratory; aero-optic flow; optical phase estimation; optical turbulence; adaptive optics AB The Airborne Aero-Optical Laboratory has produced a large database of aero-optical measurements with a high-speed, high-resolution Shack Hartmann wavefront sensor. The data have been collected over a wide range of flight conditions. An analysis of the statistical characteristics of the subsonic and early transonic data is performed to assess the adequacy of the spatial and temporal resolution of the data. Sample rate requirements for a minimum variance phase estimator are also explored. The techniques employed are validated by application to measurements of optical atmospheric turbulence where results can be anticipated based on established Kolmogorov statistics. (C) The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI. C1 [Brennan, Terry J.] Opt Sci Co, Anaheim, CA 92806 USA. [Wittich, Donald J., III] USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87115 USA. RP Brennan, TJ (reprint author), Opt Sci Co, Anaheim, CA 92806 USA. EM tbrennan@tosc.com FU Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) [FA9451-11-C-0140]; Optical Sciences Company (tOSC) FX This work was supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) under contract number FA9451-11-C-0140 with the Optical Sciences Company (tOSC). The views and conclusions expressed here are not those of the US Air Force but strictly those of the authors. The authors wish to acknowledge the assistance of the AAOL team at University of Notre Dame and MZA Corporation for their help in obtaining and understanding the AAOL data. We also thank the Starfire Optical Range ASALT team for allowing us to present the turbulence data from SORTS. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 52 IS 7 AR 071416 DI 10.1117/1.OE.52.7.071416 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 151FJ UT WOS:000319445800016 ER PT J AU Gilbert, KG AF Gilbert, Keith G. TI Challenges of high-brightness laser systems: a photon odyssey SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE adaptive optics; nonlinear optics; laser far-field performance; laser system analysis AB This paper's text is taken from a monograph written by the author in 1988. Some of the material contained here has been referenced in the open literature attributed to a private communication. This reprinting of the content of the monograph is and should be viewed as a historic paper documenting the author's thoughts and knowledge as of 1988 and does not reflect developments since that time. (C) The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI. C1 USAF, Adv Radiat Technol Off, Weap Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Gilbert, KG (reprint author), USAF, Adv Radiat Technol Off, Weap Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. EM kgglaser@comcast.net NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 52 IS 7 AR 071412 DI 10.1117/1.OE.52.7.071412 PG 17 WC Optics SC Optics GA 151FJ UT WOS:000319445800012 ER PT J AU Krizo, MJ Cusumano, SJ Fiorino, ST Heap, R Velten, V Brown, J Bartell, RJ AF Krizo, Matthew J. Cusumano, Salvatore J. Fiorino, Steven T. Heap, Ryan Velten, Victor Brown, Joshua Bartell, Richard J. TI Design, development, and in-flight testing of a pointer/tracker for in-flight experiments to measure aero-optical effects over a scaled turret SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE real-time; tracking; centroid; Airborne Aero-Optics Laboratory AB We address the design, development, and testing of a pointer/tracker as a probe beam for the purpose of making high-speed, aero-optical measurements of the flow over a scaled beam director turret. The tracker uses retro-reflection of the probe beam off of a Reflexite annulus surrounding the turret. The constraints of the design required a near-total-commercial off the shelf system that could be quickly installed and removed in a rented aircraft. Baseline measurements of environmental vibrations are used to predict pointing performance; mitigation of line-of-sight jitter on the probe beam is achieved through passive isolation and the design of relay optics. Accommodation of ambient light is made with the use of wavelength filters and track algorithms. Postanalysis of measured data is compared to design estimates. (C) The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI. C1 [Krizo, Matthew J.; Cusumano, Salvatore J.; Fiorino, Steven T.; Heap, Ryan; Velten, Victor; Brown, Joshua; Bartell, Richard J.] USAF, Inst Technol, Ctr Directed Energy, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Krizo, MJ (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Ctr Directed Energy, Dept Engn Phys, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM matthew.krizo@afit.edu FU HEL-JTO; [FA9550-07-1-0574] FX The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Air Force, the Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. These efforts were funded by the HEL-JTO and administered through the Air Force Office for Scientific Research (AFOSR) under Grant No. FA9550-07-1-0574. The U.S. government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for governmental purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation thereon. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 52 IS 7 AR 071415 DI 10.1117/1.OE.52.7.071415 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 151FJ UT WOS:000319445800015 ER PT J AU Porter, C Gordeyev, S Jumper, E AF Porter, Chris Gordeyev, Stanislav Jumper, Eric TI Large-aperture approximation for not-so-large apertures SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Fourier optics; laser applications; optical systems; turbulence; wavefronts ID ABLEX AB In-flight wavefront measurements around a flat-window turret at subsonic Mach numbers are analyzed in instantaneous and time-averaged sense. In addition to the root-mean-squared levels of aero-optical distortions, higher-order spatial statistics are calculated, and their dependence as a function of the viewing angle is discussed. Given the optical data obtained, the applicability of the commonly used large aperture approximation (LAA) is revisited. We show that, for all angles, the LAA consistently underestimates the time-averaged Strehl ratio, so the LAA should be used very cautiously. Some reasons for these discrepancies are traced to non-Gaussian spatial distribution of the optical wavefronts. A different approximation for computing time-averaged Strehl ratios is proposed, and the results are discussed. (C) 2013 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) C1 [Porter, Chris] USAF Acad, Dept Aeronaut, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Gordeyev, Stanislav; Jumper, Eric] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Hessert Lab Aerosp Res, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Porter, C (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Aeronaut, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM sgordeye@nd.edu FU High Energy Laser Division of the Joint Technology Office (HEL JTO); Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-07-1-0574] FX The authors would like to thank the Northern Air personnel, especially Kevin Tessmer, for providing technical assistance during our flight test. We would also like to thank Matthew Krizo from AFIT for providing assistance on the laser tracking system. These efforts were sponsored by the High Energy Laser Division of the Joint Technology Office (HEL JTO) and supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Grant No. FA9550-07-1-0574. The U.S. government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for governmental purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation thereon. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 52 IS 7 AR 071417 DI 10.1117/1.OE.52.7.071417 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 151FJ UT WOS:000319445800017 ER PT J AU Malsby, RF Quesada, J Powell-Dunford, N Kinoshita, R Kurtz, J Gehlen, W Adams, C Martin, D Shackelford, S AF Malsby, Robert F., III Quesada, Jose Powell-Dunford, Nicole Kinoshita, Ren Kurtz, John Gehlen, William Adams, Colleen Martin, Dustin Shackelford, Stacy TI Prehospital Blood Product Transfusion by U.S. Army MEDEVAC During Combat Operations in Afghanistan: A Process Improvement Initiative SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID DAMAGE CONTROL RESUSCITATION; CASUALTY CARE; ENDURING-FREEDOM; IRAQI-FREEDOM; PATIENT; TRAUMA; DEATH; FORCES; WAR AB U.S. Army flight medics performed a process improvement initiative of 15 blood product transfusions on select Category A (Urgent) helicopter evacuation casualties meeting approved clinical indications for transfusion. These transfusions were initiated from point of injury locations aboard MEDEVAC aircraft originating from one of two locations in southern Afghanistan. All flight medics executing the transfusions were qualified through a standardized and approved program of instruction, which included day and night skills validation, and a 90% or higher written examination score. There was no adverse reaction or out-of-standard blood product temperature despite hazardous conditions and elevated cabin temperatures. All casualties within a 10-minute flight time who met clinical indications were transfused. Utilization of a standard operating procedure with strict handling and administration parameters, a rigorous training and qualification program, an elaborate cold chain system, and redundant documentation of blood product units ensured that flight medic initiated transfusions were safe and effective. Research study is needed to refine the indications for prehospital blood transfusion and to determine the effect on outcomes in severely injured trauma patients. C1 [Malsby, Robert F., III] Womack Army Med Ctr, Ft Bragg, NC 28310 USA. [Powell-Dunford, Nicole; Kinoshita, Ren; Kurtz, John; Gehlen, William] Wheeler AAF, Schofield Barracks, HI 96857 USA. [Adams, Colleen] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, TF Med Afghanistan Joint Enroute Crit Care Nurse, Washington, DC 20307 USA. [Martin, Dustin] 82nd Airborne Div, Ft Bragg, NC 28310 USA. [Shackelford, Stacy] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Ctr, Ctr Sustainment Trauma & Readiness Skills,USAF, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Malsby, RF (reprint author), Womack Army Med Ctr, Ft Bragg, NC 28310 USA. NR 20 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 EI 1930-613X J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 178 IS 7 BP 785 EP 791 DI 10.7205/MILMED-D-13-00047 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA AN7UA UT WOS:000340805300014 PM 23820353 ER PT J AU Shenogin, S Gengler, J Roy, A Voevodin, AA Muratore, C AF Shenogin, S. Gengler, J. Roy, A. Voevodin, A. A. Muratore, C. TI Molecular dynamics studies of thermal boundary resistance at carbon-metal interfaces SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Interfacial thermal conductance; Nanocomposites; Molecular dynamics; Thermal resistance ID NANOTUBE COMPOSITES AB Molecular dynamics is used to study the interfacial thermal conductance between graphitic structures and metals. It is shown that with different metals, the conductance can vary by similar to 4-fold, allowing the control of thermal transport in nanocomposites and nano-electronic devices. The experimental values of conductance are higher by 10-20 MW m(-2) K-1 compared to simulations. We suggest that in addition to lattice vibrations, an electromagnetic coupling between Johnson-Nyquist electric currents in the metal and graphite may contribute to the interfacial thermal conductance. (C) 2013 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Shenogin, S.; Gengler, J.; Roy, A.; Voevodin, A. A.; Muratore, C.] USAF, Res Lab, Thermal Sci & Mat Branch, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Shenogin, S.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Gengler, J.] Spectral Energies LLC, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Muratore, C.] Univ Dayton, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Shenogin, S (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Thermal Sci & Mat Branch, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM sergei.shenogin@wpafb.af.mil RI Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research Low Density Materials and Thermal Sciences Programs FX The authors gratefully acknowledge funding from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research Low Density Materials and Thermal Sciences Programs. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 55 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 69 IS 1 BP 100 EP 103 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2013.02.006 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 152QB UT WOS:000319545100026 ER PT J AU Brant, AT Buchanan, DA McClory, JW Dowben, PA Adamiv, VT Burak, YV Halliburton, LE AF Brant, A. T. Buchanan, D. A. McClory, J. W. Dowben, P. A. Adamiv, V. T. Burak, Ya V. Halliburton, L. E. TI EPR identification of defects responsible for thermoluminescence in Cu-doped lithium tetraborate (Li2B4O7) crystals SO JOURNAL OF LUMINESCENCE LA English DT Article DE Lithium tetraborate; Electron paramagnetic resonance; Copper doping; Crystal defects; Radiation dosimetry; Thermoluminescence ID THERMALLY STIMULATED LUMINESCENCE; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; OPTICAL-ABSORPTION; PHOSPHOR; GROWTH; AG; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; PARAMETERS; MG AB Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) is used to identify the electron and hole traps responsible for thermoluminescence (TL) peaks occurring near 100 and 200 degrees C in copper-doped lithium tetraborate (Li2B4O7) crystals. As-grown crystals have Cu+ and Cu2+ ions substituting for lithium and have Cu+ ions at interstitial sites. All of the substitutional Cu2+ ions in the as-grown crystals have an adjacent lithium vacancy and give rise to a distinct EPR spectrum. Exposure to ionizing radiation at room temperature produces a second and different Cu2+ EPR spectrum when a hole is trapped by substitutional Cu+ ions that have no nearby defects. These two Cu2+ trapped-hole centers are referred to as Cu2+-V-Li and Cu-active(2+), respectively. Also during the irradiation, two trapped-electron centers in the form of interstitial Cu-0 atoms are produced when interstitial Cu+ ions trap electrons. They are observed with EPR and are labeled Cu-A(0) and Cu-B(0). When an irradiated crystal is warmed from 25 to 150 degrees C, the Cu-active(2+) centers have a partial decay step that correlates with the TL peak near 100 degrees C. The concentrations of Cu-A(0) and Cu-B(0) centers, however, increase as the crystal is heated through this range. As the crystal is further warmed between 150 and 250 degrees C, the EPR signals from the Cu-active(2+) hole centers and Cu-A(0) and Cu-B(0) electron centers decay simultaneously. This decay step correlates with the intense TL peak near 200 degrees C. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Brant, A. T.; Buchanan, D. A.; McClory, J. W.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Dowben, P. A.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Phys & Astron, Nebraska Ctr Mat & Nanosci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Adamiv, V. T.; Burak, Ya V.] Inst Phys Opt, UA-79005 Lvov, Ukraine. [Halliburton, L. E.] W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Brant, AT (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Adam.Brant.ctr@afit.edu OI McClory, John/0000-0002-4303-2729 FU National Research Council; Air Force Institute of Technology by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency [HDTRA1-07-1-0008, BRBAA08-I-2-0128]; Institute of Physical Optics by STCU [4947] FX One of the authors (ATB) wishes to acknowledge support in the form of a Research Associateship Award from the National Research Council. This work was supported at the Air Force Institute of Technology by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (Grant No. HDTRA1-07-1-0008 and BRBAA08-I-2-0128) and at the Institute of Physical Optics by STCU Project 4947. NR 38 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 39 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2313 EI 1872-7883 J9 J LUMIN JI J. Lumines. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 139 BP 125 EP 131 DI 10.1016/j.jlumin.2013.02.023 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 135YY UT WOS:000318327800020 ER PT J AU Grabowski, CA Fillery, SP Westing, NM Chi, CZ Meth, JS Durstock, MF Vaia, RA AF Grabowski, Christopher A. Fillery, Scott P. Westing, Nicholas M. Chi, Changzai Meth, Jeffrey S. Durstock, Michael F. Vaia, Richard A. TI Dielectric Breakdown in Silica-Amorphous Polymer Nanocomposite Films: The Role of the Polymer Matrix SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE polymer nanocomposite; colloidal silica; dielectric breakdown; dielectric strength; permittivity; energy storage ID ENERGY-STORAGE; BARIUM-TITANATE; NANODIELECTRICS; INTERFACE; COMPOSITE; STRENGTH; BEHAVIOR; DENSITY; AREA AB The ultimate energy storage performance of an electrostatic capacitor is determined by the dielectric characteristics of the material separating its conductive electrodes. Polymers are commonly employed due to their processability and high breakdown strength; however, demands for higher energy storage have encouraged investigations of ceramic-polymer composites. Maintaining dielectric strength, and thus minimizing flaw size and heterogeneities, has focused development toward nanocomposite (NC) films; but results lack consistency, potentially due to variations in polymer purity, nanoparticle surface treatments, nanoparticle size, and film morphology. To experimentally establish the dominant factors in broad structure-performance relationships, we compare the dielectric properties for four high-purity amorphous polymer films (polymethyl methacrylate, polystyrene, polyimide, and poly-4-vinylpyridine) incorporating uniformly dispersed silica colloids (up to 45% v/v). Factors known to contribute to premature breakdown-field exclusion and agglomeration-have been mitigated in this experiment to focus on what impact the polymer and polymer nanoparticle interactions have on breakdown. Our findings indicate that adding colloidal silica to higher breakdown strength amorphous polymers (polymethyl methacrylate and polyimide) causes a reduction in dielectric strength as compared to the neat polymer. Alternatively, low breakdown strength amorphous polymers (poly-4-vinylpyridine and especially polystyrene) with comparable silica dispersion show similar or even improved breakdown strength for 7.5-15% v/v silica. At similar to 15% v/v or greater silica content, all the polymer NC films exhibit breakdown at similar electric fields, implying that at these loadings failure becomes independent of polymer matrix and is dominated by silica. C1 [Grabowski, Christopher A.] Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Fillery, Scott P.] CNR, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Fillery, Scott P.; Westing, Nicholas M.; Durstock, Michael F.; Vaia, Richard A.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Chi, Changzai; Meth, Jeffrey S.] EI DuPont de Nemours & Co Inc, Cent Res & Dev, DuPont Nanocomposite Technol, Wilmington, DE 19880 USA. [Chi, Changzai; Meth, Jeffrey S.] EI DuPont de Nemours & Co Inc, DuPont Cent Corp Analyt Serv, Cent Res & Dev, Wilmington, DE 19880 USA. RP Vaia, RA (reprint author), USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Richard.Vaia@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Air Force Research Laboratory Materials & Manufacturing Directorate FX The authors wish to thank the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and Air Force Research Laboratory Materials & Manufacturing Directorate for their financial support. NR 34 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 5 U2 105 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD JUN 26 PY 2013 VL 5 IS 12 BP 5486 EP 5492 DI 10.1021/am4005623 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 175NI UT WOS:000321237000015 PM 23639183 ER PT J AU Bray, KR Jiao, CQ DeCerbo, JN AF Bray, K. R. Jiao, C. Q. DeCerbo, J. N. TI Nucleation and growth of Nb nanoclusters during plasma gas condensation SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CLUSTERS; NIOBIUM AB Niobium nanoclusters were produced using a plasma gas condensation process. The influence of gas flow rate, aggregation length, and source current on the nanocluster nucleation and growth were analyzed. Nanoclusters with an average diameter from 4 nm to 10 nm were produced. Cluster size and concentration were tuned by controlling the process inputs. The effects of each parameter on the nucleation zone, growth length, and residence time was examined. The parameters do not affect the cluster formation and growth independently; their influence on cluster formation can be either cumulative or competing. Examining the nucleation and growth over a wide combination of parameters provided insight into their interactions and the impact on the growth process. These results provide the opportunity for a broader understanding into the nucleation and growth of nanoclusters and some insights into how process parameters interact during deposition. This knowledge will enhance the ability to create nanoclusters with desired size dispersions. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Bray, K. R.; Jiao, C. Q.] Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [DeCerbo, J. N.] Air Force Res Lab, RQQE, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP DeCerbo, JN (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, RQQE, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM jennifer.decerbo@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 21 PY 2013 VL 113 IS 23 AR 234307 DI 10.1063/1.4811448 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 172NT UT WOS:000321011700055 ER PT J AU Haag, JM Pattanaik, G Durstock, MF AF Haag, Jacob M. Pattanaik, Gyanaranjan Durstock, Michael F. TI Nanostructured 3D Electrode Architectures for High-Rate Li-Ion Batteries SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Li-ion batteries; anodes; SnO2; high-rate capability; 3D electrodes ID ATOMIC LAYER DEPOSITION; NEGATIVE-ELECTRODE; ELECTROCHEMICAL LITHIATION; LITHIUM INTERCALATION; SNO2 NANOWIRE; TIN; PERFORMANCE; OXIDE; COMPOSITES; STORAGE AB By initially depositing a sub-10 nm-thick SnO2 film, the microstructural evolution that is often considered problematic can be utilized to form Sn nanoparticles on the surface of a 3D current collector for enhanced cycling stability. The work described here highlights a novel approach for the uniform deposition of Sn nanoparticles, which can be used to design electrodes with high capacities and high-rate capabilities. C1 [Haag, Jacob M.; Pattanaik, Gyanaranjan; Durstock, Michael F.] USAF, Soft Mat Branch, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Haag, Jacob M.] Universal Technol Corp, Beavercreek, OH 45432 USA. RP Durstock, MF (reprint author), USAF, Soft Mat Branch, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Michael.Durstock@WPAFB.AF.MIL FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The authors thank Conductive Composites for supplying the Ni nanofoam and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research for funding. Additionally, the authors would like to express their gratitude to Dr. Christopher Bailey for his insightful discussions and assistance on this project. NR 31 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 8 U2 277 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD JUN 18 PY 2013 VL 25 IS 23 BP 3238 EP 3243 DI 10.1002/adma.201205079 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 162OR UT WOS:000320275200013 PM 23649670 ER PT J AU Alvarez, MV Grogan, PM AF Alvarez, M. V. Grogan, P. M. TI RimabotulinumtoxinB in the treatment of refractory pain in fibromyalgia: A case series SO TOXICON LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 7th International Conference on Basic and Therapeutic Aspects of Botulinum and Tetanus Toxins (TOXINS) CY OCT 02-05, 2011 CL Santa Fe, NM C1 [Alvarez, M. V.] Ctr Neurol Care & Res, San Antonio, TX USA. [Grogan, P. M.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM vikki.alvarez@yahoo.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0041-0101 J9 TOXICON JI Toxicon PD JUN 15 PY 2013 VL 68 BP 104 EP 104 DI 10.1016/j.toxicon.2012.07.124 PG 1 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 159VN UT WOS:000320075500112 ER PT J AU Panasyuk, GY Yerkes, KL AF Panasyuk, George Y. Yerkes, Kirk L. TI Size effects in long-term quasistatic heat transport SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID EXACTLY SOLVABLE MODEL; BROWNIAN-MOTION; NONEQUILIBRIUM PROPERTIES; LANGEVIN EQUATION; MOLECULAR WIRES; RESERVOIRS; DERIVATION; MECHANICS; SYSTEMS; CHAIN AB We consider finite-size effects on heat transfer between thermal reservoirs mediated by a quantum system, where the number of modes in each reservoir is finite. Our approach is based on the generalized quantum Langevin equation and the thermal reservoirs are described as ensembles of oscillators within the Drude-Ullersma model. A general expression for the heat current between the thermal reservoirs in the long-time quasistatic regime, when an observation time is of the order of Delta(-1) and Delta is the mode spacing constant of a thermal reservoir, is obtained. The resulting equations that govern the long-time relaxation for the mode temperatures and the average temperatures of the reservoirs are derived and approximate analytical solutions are found. The obtained time dependencies of the temperatures and the resulting heat current reveal peculiarities at t = 2 pi m/Delta with non-negative integers m and the heat current vanishes nonmonotonically when t -> infinity. The validity of Fourier's law for a chain of finite-size macroscopic subsystems is considered. As is shown, for characteristic times of the order of Delta(-1) the temperatures of subsystems' modes deviate from each other and the validity of Fourier's law cannot be established. In a case when deviations of initial temperatures of the subsystems from their average value are small, t -> infinity asymptotic values for the mode temperatures do not depend on a mode's number and are the same as if Fourier's law were valid for all times. C1 [Panasyuk, George Y.; Yerkes, Kirk L.] USAF, Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Panasyuk, GY (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM George.Panasyuk.ctr@wpafb.af.mil RI Panasyuk, George/C-7649-2015 OI Panasyuk, George/0000-0002-4873-990X FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; National Research Council Senior Associateship Award at the Air Force Research Laboratory FX The authors wish to acknowledge that this research was funded by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and the National Research Council Senior Associateship Award at the Air Force Research Laboratory. We acknowledge valuable discussions with G. A. Levin. NR 60 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0045 EI 2470-0053 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JUN 13 PY 2013 VL 87 IS 6 AR 062118 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.87.062118 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 163AU UT WOS:000320308500001 PM 23848638 ER PT J AU Smith, ML Slone, C Heitfeld, K Vaia, RA AF Smith, Matthew L. Slone, Connor Heitfeld, Kevin Vaia, Richard A. TI Designed Autonomic Motion in Heterogeneous Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ)-Gelatin Composites by Synchronicity SO ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE active matter; actuators; hydrogels; additive manufacturing; oscillating reactions ID SELF-OSCILLATING GELS; GLUTARALDEHYDE CROSS-LINKING; SHAPE-MEMORY POLYMERS; CHEMICAL OSCILLATORS; WAVE-PROPAGATION; HYDROGELS; BEHAVIOR; GELATIN; SYNCHRONIZATION AB Critical technologies from medicine to defense are highly dependent on advanced composite materials. Increasingly there is a greater demand for materials with expanded functionality. The state of the art includes a wide range of responsive composites capable of impressive structural feats such as externally triggered shape morphing. Here a different composite concept is presented, one in which a portion of the constituent materials feed off of ambient energy and dynamically couple to convert it to mechanical motion in a cooperative, biomimetic fashion. Using a recently developed self-oscillating gel based on gelatin and the oscillating Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction, a technique is demonstrated for producing continuous patterned heterogeneous BZ hydrogel composites capable of sustained autonomic function. The coupling between two adjacent reactive patches is demonstrated in an autonomic cantilever actuator which converts chemical energy into amplified mechanical motion. The design of heterogeneous BZ gels for motion using a basic finite element model is discussed. This work represents notable progress toward developing internally responsive, bio-inspired composite materials for constructing modular autonomic morphing structures and devices. C1 [Smith, Matthew L.; Slone, Connor; Heitfeld, Kevin; Vaia, Richard A.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Heitfeld, Kevin] Renegade Mat Corp, Miamisburg, OH 45342 USA. RP Smith, ML (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Richard.Vaia@wpafb.af.mil FU National Research Council Associateship Award at the Air Force Research Laboratory; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX This research was performed while M. L. S. held a National Research Council Associateship Award at the Air Force Research Laboratory. The authors gratefully acknowledge partial funding from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Lawrence Brott for use of and assistance with the microdispenser printer, and discussions with A. Balazs, Y. Yashin, O. Kuksenok. NR 46 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 5 U2 77 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1616-301X J9 ADV FUNCT MATER JI Adv. Funct. Mater. PD JUN 13 PY 2013 VL 23 IS 22 BP 2835 EP 2842 DI 10.1002/adfm.201202769 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 158XG UT WOS:000320006700007 ER PT J AU Lee, KM Wang, DH Koerner, H Vaia, RA Tan, LS White, TJ AF Lee, Kyung Min Wang, David H. Koerner, Hilmar Vaia, Richard A. Tan, Loon-Seng White, Timothy J. TI Photomechanical Response of Pre-strained Azobenzene-Functionalized Polyimide Materials SO MACROMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE actuation; azobenzene; glassy polymers; polyimide; shape memory ID POLYMER LIQUID-CRYSTALS; PHOTOINDUCED ALIGNMENT; SIDE-CHAIN; LIGHT; MOIETIES; ISOMERIZATION; ACTUATORS; NETWORKS; GLASSY; ELASTOMERS AB Recently, we have reported that azobenzene-functionalized polyimide materials exhibit a substantial increase in photogenerated stress in comparison to azobenzene-functionalized acrylate-based liquid crystal polymer networks. Here, we show that pre-straining the azo-CP2-20 material further increases the magnitude of the photomechanical response visualized as bending in the cantilever geometry as well as in direct measurements of photogenerated stress. Additionally, we also report on the ability to optically fix both optically and mechanically generated shapes in azo-CP2-20. The optically fixable shape memory of azo-CP2-20 is enabled by the introduction of excess free volume during thermal processing as the material was pre-strained. C1 [Lee, Kyung Min; Wang, David H.; Koerner, Hilmar; Vaia, Richard A.; Tan, Loon-Seng; White, Timothy J.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Lee, Kyung Min] Azimuth Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Wang, David H.; Koerner, Hilmar] UES Inc, Beavercreek, OH 45432 USA. RP Tan, LS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM loon-seng.tan@wpafb.af.mil; timothy.white2@wpafb.af.mil RI White, Timothy/D-4392-2012; Tan, Loon-Seng/F-6985-2012 OI Tan, Loon-Seng/0000-0002-2134-9290 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); Materials and Manufacturing Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory FX We are grateful for financially support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) and the Materials and Manufacturing Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory. NR 35 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 89 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1022-1352 J9 MACROMOL CHEM PHYS JI Macromol. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 13 PY 2013 VL 214 IS 11 SI SI BP 1189 EP 1194 DI 10.1002/macp.201200340 PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 156RK UT WOS:000319839900004 ER PT J AU Clark, MD Jespersen, ML Patel, RJ Leever, BJ AF Clark, Michael D. Jespersen, Michael L. Patel, Romesh J. Leever, Benjamin J. TI Predicting Vertical Phase Segregation in Polymer-Fullerene Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells by Free Energy Analysis SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE P3HT:PCBM bulk heterojunction; surface energy; free energy; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; polymer solar cell ID INDIUM-TIN-OXIDE; LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; THIN-FILMS; SURFACE-ENERGY; INTERFACIAL SEGREGATION; PHOTOVOLTAIC DEVICES; CONTACT-ANGLE; MORPHOLOGY; BLENDS; POLY(3-HEXYLTHIOPHENE) AB Blends of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and C-61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) are widely used as a model system for bulk heterojunction active layers developed for solution-processable, flexible solar cells. In this work, vertical concentration profiles within the P3HT:PCBM active layer are predicted based on a thermodynamic analysis of the constituent materials and typical solvents. Surface energies of the active layer components and a common transport interlayer blend, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), are first extracted using contact angle measurements coupled with the acid base model. From this data, intra- and interspecies interaction free energies are calculated, which reveal that the thermodynamically favored arrangement consists of a uniformly blended "bulk" structure capped with a PM-IT:rich air interface and a slightly PCBM-rich buried interface. Although the "bulk" composition is solely determined by P3HT:PCBM ratio, composition near the buried interface is dependent on both the blend ratio and interaction free energy difference between solvated P3HT and PCBM deposition onto PEDOT:PSS. In contrast, the P3HT-rich overlayer is independent of processing conditions, allowing kinetic formation of a PCBM-rich sublayer during film casting due to limitations in long-range species diffusion. These thermodynamic calculations are experimentally validated by angle resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and low energy XPS depth profiling, which show that the actual composition profiles of the cast and annealed films closely match the predicted behavior. These experimentally derived profiles provide clear evidence that typical bulk heterojunction active layers are predominantly characterized by thermodynamically stable composition profiles. Furthermore, the predictive capabilities of the comprehensive free energy approach are demonstrated, which will enable investigation of structurally integrated devices and novel active layer systems including low band gap polymers, ternary systems, and small molecule blends. C1 [Clark, Michael D.; Patel, Romesh J.; Leever, Benjamin J.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Jespersen, Michael L.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Patel, Romesh J.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Leever, BJ (reprint author), USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Benjamin.Leever@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The authors thank S. Apt and R. Wheeler at the Air Force Research Laboratory's Materials Characterization Facility for their assistance with FIB and TEM processing. This work was funded by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 51 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 4 U2 95 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD JUN 12 PY 2013 VL 5 IS 11 BP 4799 EP 4807 DI 10.1021/am4003777 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 165KY UT WOS:000320484000044 PM 23683311 ER PT J AU Jiao, CQ Adams, SF AF Jiao, C. Q. Adams, S. F. TI Electron ionization of o-xylene, m-xylene and p-xylene SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RESONANCE MASS-SPECTROMETRY; TOTAL CROSS-SECTIONS; SURROGATE MIXTURES; IMPACT IONIZATION; CATIONS; IONS; EXCITATION; MOLECULES; PHASE AB Cross sections of electron ionization of three isomeric xylenes, in an electron energy range of 10-200 eV, are measured. The maximum total cross sections are observed at 80-eV electron energy to be 2.24, 2.10 and 2.05 x 10(-15) cm(2) for m-xylene, p-xylene and o-xylene, respectively. The xylene compounds produce similar ion populations, with major product ions including C8H7,9,10+, C7H7+, C6H5-7+, C5H5+, C4H3+ and C3H3+. The similar ion populations can be explained through consideration of the fragmentation mechanism: essentially all fragment ions are formed via initial isomerization of the parent ions from the dimethylbenzene structures to the 7-methylcycloheptatriene structure. (C) 2013 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Jiao, C. Q.] Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Adams, S. F.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Jiao, CQ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RQQE 2130 Eighth St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM charles.jiao.ctr@wpafb.af.mil; steven.adams@wpafb.af.mil FU Aerospace Systems Directorate AFRL; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The authors thank the Aerospace Systems Directorate AFRL and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research for their support. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 EI 1873-4448 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 6 PY 2013 VL 573 BP 24 EP 28 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2013.04.051 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 149PI UT WOS:000319332800006 ER PT J AU Williams, JP Bauer, KW Friend, MA AF Williams, Jason P. Bauer, Kenneth W. Friend, Mark A. TI Clustering hyperspectral imagery for improved adaptive matched filter performance SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE adaptive matched filter; anomaly classification; anomaly detection; atmospheric compensation; bare soil index; cluster analysis; hyperspectral imagery; normalized difference vegetation index ID EMPIRICAL LINE METHOD; ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; ALGORITHMS AB This paper offers improvements to adaptive matched filter (AMF) performance by addressing correlation and non-homogeneity problems inherent to hyperspectral imagery (HSI). The estimation of the mean vector and covariance matrix of the background should be calculated using "target-free" data. This statement reflects the difficulty that including target data in estimates of the mean vector and covariance matrix of the back ground could entail. This data could act as statistical outliers and severely contaminate the estimators. This fact serves as the impetus for a 2-stage process: First, attempt to remove the target data from the background by way of the employment of anomaly detectors. Next, with remaining data being relatively "target-free" the way is cleared for signature matching. Relative to the first stage, we were able to test seven different anomaly detectors, some of which are designed specifically to deal with the spatial correlation of HSI data and/or the presence of anomalous pixels in local or global mean and covariance estimators. Relative to the second stage, we investigated the use of cluster analytic methods to boost AMF performance. The research shows that accounting for spatial correlation effects in the detector yields nearly "target-free" data for use in an AMF that is greatly benefitted through the use of cluster analysis methods. (C) The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. C1 [Williams, Jason P.; Bauer, Kenneth W.; Friend, Mark A.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Williams, JP (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. EM jason.williams@afit.edu NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 14 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1931-3195 J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS JI J. Appl. Remote Sens. PD JUN 5 PY 2013 VL 7 AR 073547 DI 10.1117/1.JRS.7.073547 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 157LI UT WOS:000319897200002 ER PT J AU Majchrzak, A Wagner, C Yates, D AF Majchrzak, Ann Wagner, Christian Yates, Dave TI THE IMPACT OF SHAPING ON KNOWLEDGE REUSE FOR ORGANIZATIONAL IMPROVEMENT WITH WIKIS SO MIS QUARTERLY LA English DT Article DE Wiki; Intranet; knowledge management; KMS; knowledge reuse; shaping; knowledge depth; knowledge breadth; transactive memory ID INFORMATION-SYSTEMS RESEARCH; TRANSACTIVE MEMORY-SYSTEMS; MANAGEMENT; PERFORMANCE; TEAMS; COLLABORATION; TECHNOLOGIES; MOTIVATIONS; INTEGRATION; COMMUNITIES AB In this study, we explore the Wiki affordance of enabling shaping behavior within organizational intranets supported by Wikis. Shaping is the continuous revision of one's own and others' contributions to a Wiki. Shaping promotes knowledge reuse through improved knowledge integration. Recognizing and clarifying the role of shaping allows us to theorize new ways in which knowledge resources affect knowledge reuse. We examine the role of three knowledge resources of a Wiki contributor: knowledge depth, knowledge breadth, and assessment of the level of development of the Wiki community's transactive memory system. We offer preliminary evidence based on a sample of experienced organizational Wiki users that the three different knowledge resources have differential effects on shaping, that these effects differ from the effects on the more common user behavior of simply adding domain knowledge to a Wiki, and that shaping and adding each independently affect contributors' perceptions that their knowledge in the Wiki has been reused for organizational improvement. By empirically distinguishing between the different knowledge antecedents and consequences of shaping and adding, we derive implications for theory and research on knowledge integration and reuse. C1 [Majchrzak, Ann] Univ So Calif, Marshall Sch Business, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Majchrzak, Ann] Univ Ramon Llull, Esade Business Sch, Barcelona, Spain. [Wagner, Christian] City Univ Hong Kong, Sch Creat Media, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Wagner, Christian] City Univ Hong Kong, Dept Informat Syst, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Yates, Dave] US Air Force, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Majchrzak, A (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Marshall Sch Business, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM majchrza@usc.edu; c.wagner@cityu.edu.hk; hdjryates@gmail.com RI Wagner, Christian/H-6310-2012 OI Wagner, Christian/0000-0003-0907-8552 NR 87 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 9 U2 68 PU SOC INFORM MANAGE-MIS RES CENT PI MINNEAPOLIS PA UNIV MINNESOTA-SCH MANAGEMENT 271 19TH AVE SOUTH, MINNEAPOLIS, MN 55455 USA SN 0276-7783 J9 MIS QUART JI MIS Q. PD JUN PY 2013 VL 37 IS 2 BP 455 EP + PG 27 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Information Science & Library Science; Management SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science; Business & Economics GA 290KI UT WOS:000329754600008 ER PT J AU Binkley, BA Malloy, DJ Patterson, GT Hansen, ER Kidman, DS AF Binkley, Brian A. Malloy, Donald J. Patterson, Grant T. Hansen, Eric R. Kidman, David S. TI Aircraft Propulsion System Flight Test-Analysis and Evaluation Challenges and Integrated Solutions SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article AB The paper describes the challenges and solution methodologies associated with the flight test and evaluation of the propulsion system for a twin-engine military legacy aircraft. Recent flight-test programs evaluated the effects of temperature distortion and biased engine inlet total temperature measurement (TT2) on engine scheduling and compressor stability margin. The challenges are associated with the limited instrumentation and the repeatability of the flight-test points. During the test program it was necessary to employ techniques to extend the usefulness of the data beyond that provided by the acquired and reduced data sets to address the challenges associated with flight-test analysis. The challenges were addressed using mathematical models, engine cycle decks, uninstalled ground-test data, computational fluid dynamics, or some combination of these. Several specific challenges and solutions are described in detail in the paper. C1 [Binkley, Brian A.; Malloy, Donald J.] US Air Force, AEDC Test Div, Anal Branch, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. [Patterson, Grant T.] Aerosp Testing Alliance, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. [Hansen, Eric R.; Kidman, David S.] US Air Force, Prop Integrat Branch, Test Squadron 773, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Binkley, BA (reprint author), US Air Force, AEDC Test Div, Anal Branch, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0742-4795 EI 1528-8919 J9 J ENG GAS TURB POWER JI J. Eng. Gas. Turbines Power-Trans. ASME PD JUN PY 2013 VL 135 IS 6 AR 061201 DI 10.1115/1.4023610 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 241GY UT WOS:000326155600001 ER PT J AU Huang, CS de La Beaujardiere, O Roddy, PA Hunton, DE Ballenthin, JO Hairston, MR Pfaff, RF AF Huang, Chao-Song de La Beaujardiere, O. Roddy, P. A. Hunton, D. E. Ballenthin, J. O. Hairston, M. R. Pfaff, R. F. TI Large-scale quasiperiodic plasma bubbles: C/NOFS observations and causal mechanism SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE equatorial ionosphere; plasma bubbles; atmospheric gravity waves ID EQUATORIAL-SPREAD-F; MESOSPHERIC GRAVITY-WAVES; TO-DAY VARIABILITY; NONLINEAR EVOLUTION; VELOCITY SHEAR; IRREGULARITIES; CAMPAIGN; REGION; LAYER; INSTABILITIES AB Large-scale periodic plasma bubbles are often observed by ionospheric radars and satellites. The seeding effect of atmospheric gravity waves has been widely used to explain the generation of periodic plasma bubbles. However, it has not been well understood where the seeding process occurs and how a series of plasma bubbles is triggered. In this study, we present the observations of equatorial plasma bubbles by the Communication/Navigation Outage Forecasting System (C/NOFS) satellite. We show examples of quasiperiodic plasma bubbles in the post-midnight sector, with nearly equal distance of 800-1000km between adjacent bubbles, in 2008 under deep solar minimum conditions. The bubble chain covered a longitudinal range of similar to 7000km between 00:00 and 04:00 LT. Quasiperiodic plasma bubbles were also measured by C/NOFS in the evening sector in 2011 during the ascending phase of the solar activity, and the longitudinal distance between adjacent bubbles was similar to 500km. We propose a causal mechanism to explain the generation of quasiperiodic plasma bubbles. In this scenario, atmospheric gravity waves are generated near the sunset terminator and initiate the Rayleigh-Taylor instability there. The spatial (longitudinal) periodicity of plasma bubbles is determined by the temporal periodicity of the seeding gravity waves. A period of 15-30min of the seeding gravity waves corresponds to a longitudinal separation of 500-1000km between adjacent bubbles. This mechanism provides a reasonable explanation of the observed quasiperiodic plasma bubbles. C1 [Huang, Chao-Song; de La Beaujardiere, O.; Roddy, P. A.; Hunton, D. E.; Ballenthin, J. O.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Hairston, M. R.] Univ Texas Dallas, Hanson Ctr Space Sci, Dallas, TX 75230 USA. [Pfaff, R. F.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Huang, CS (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Bldg 570,Rm 2125,3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM chaosong.huang@kirtland.af.mil OI Hairston, Marc/0000-0003-4524-4837 FU AFOSR Task [11RV04COR]; NASA [NNH09AM20I]; Air Force Research Laboratory; Department of Defense Space Test Program; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); Naval Research Laboratory; Aerospace Corporation FX Work by CSH was supported by the AFOSR Task 11RV04COR and the NASA grant NNH09AM20I. The C/NOFS mission is supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory, the Department of Defense Space Test Program, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the Naval Research Laboratory, and The Aerospace Corporation. NR 43 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUN PY 2013 VL 118 IS 6 BP 3602 EP 3612 DI 10.1002/jgra.50338 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 228UQ UT WOS:000325217100079 ER PT J AU Ghommem, M Hajj, MR Mook, DT Stanford, BK Beran, PS Watson, LT AF Ghommem, M. Hajj, M. R. Mook, D. T. Stanford, B. K. Beran, P. S. Watson, L. T. TI Global-Local Optimization of Flapping Kinematics in Hovering Flight SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MICRO AIR VEHICLES LA English DT Article DE Unsteady vortex lattice method; hovering flights; kinematics optimization ID VORTEX-LATTICE METHOD; INSECT FLIGHT; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; WING ROTATION; PANEL METHOD; FLAT PLATES; AERODYNAMICS; MODEL; ALGORITHM; STEADY AB The kinematics of a hovering wing are optimized by combining the 2-d unsteady vortex lattice method with a hybrid of global and local optimization algorithms. The objective is to minimize the required aerodynamic power under a lift constraint. The hybrid optimization is used to efficiently navigate the complex design space due to wing-wake interference present in hovering aerodynamics. The flapping wing is chosen so that its chord length and flapping frequency match the morphological and flight properties of two insects with different masses. The results suggest that imposing a delay between the different oscillatory motions defining the flapping kinematics, and controlling the way through which the wing rotates at the end of each half stroke can improve aerodynamic power under a lift constraint. Furthermore, our optimization analysis identified optimal kinematics that agree fairly well with observed insect kinematics, as well as previously published numerical results. C1 [Ghommem, M.] KAUST, Ctr Numer Porous Media NumPor, Thuwal 239556900, Saudi Arabia. [Hajj, M. R.; Mook, D. T.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Engn Sci & Mech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Stanford, B. K.; Beran, P. S.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Watson, L. T.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Watson, L. T.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Math, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Ghommem, M (reprint author), KAUST, Ctr Numer Porous Media NumPor, Thuwal 239556900, Saudi Arabia. EM mehdig@vt.edu RI Hajj, Muhammad/A-1176-2010 FU Air Force Research Laboratory [FA 8650-09-02-3938] FX Support of the Air Force Research Laboratory under Contract FA 8650-09-02-3938 is acknowledged. The authors are grateful to Prof. Svanberg who kindly supplied us the optimization package GCMMA, Prof. Nuhait who provided us the results reported in Figure 2, and finally H. Taha of Virginia Tech for his help in discussing the physics of the optimized hovering kinematics. NR 42 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 11 PU MULTI-SCIENCE PUBL CO LTD PI BRENTWOOD PA 5 WATES WAY, BRENTWOOD CM15 9TB, ESSEX, ENGLAND SN 1756-8293 J9 INT J MICRO AIR VEH JI Int. J. Micro Air Veh. PD JUN PY 2013 VL 5 IS 2 BP 109 EP 126 DI 10.1260/1756-8293.5.2.109 PG 18 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 190CM UT WOS:000322315200002 ER PT J AU Adams, Z Benedict, M Hrishikeshavan, V Chopra, I AF Adams, Zachary Benedict, Moble Hrishikeshavan, Vikram Chopra, Inderjit TI Design, Development, and Flight Test of a Small-Scale Cyclogyro UAV Utilizing a Novel Cam-Based Passive Blade Pitching Mechanism SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MICRO AIR VEHICLES LA English DT Article AB A cycloidal rotor is an innovative horizontal axis propulsion system, which is utilized in the present study to develop a fully-controllable flying aircraft (known as "Cyclogyro"). The present 535 gram cyclogyro uses a hybrid configuration with two cyclorotors and a horizontal tail rotor. Since a cycloidal rotor relies on cyclic blade pitching for producing thrust and also for control, designing a reliable pitch mechanism that can provide the required blade pitching kinematics (depending on the advance ratio) is extremely important. Anovel blade pitch mechanism has been developed, which is passively driven by centrifugal force, and could potentially be adapted to generate the required pitching schedules for efficient operation over a range of advance ratios. A simplified flightworthy version of this mechanism was implemented in the present cyclogyro. The mechanism was able to generate the appropriate blade kinematics and the thrust required for the vehicle to hover. Also, the present mechanism is designed such that it is possible to vary both amplitude and phasing of the cyclic blade pitching. A novel control strategy was developed using blade pitch amplitude (thrust magnitude) control for roll, phasing (thrust direction) for yaw and tail rotor for pitch control. The control strategy was implemented using a three gram onboard processor, which was used to stabilize the vehicle without a pilot, through a closed-loop feedback control system. This is the first flight-capable cyclogyro reported in the literature to utilize cycloidal rotors having both pitch amplitude and phase control. The successful flight for the present vehicle also validates the flightworthiness of this completely passive pitch mechanism design, which has great potential for efficient forward flight. C1 USAF Acad, Dept Aeronaut Engn, Aeronaut Lab, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Aerosp Engn, Alfred Gessow Rotorcraft Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Adams, Z (reprint author), USAF Acad, 2410 Fac Dr USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM C13Zachary.Adams@USAFA.edu; moble@umd.edu; vikramh@umd.edu; chopra@umd.edu FU Army's MAST CTA Center for Microsystem Mechanics; United States Air Force Academy Aeronautics Laboratory FX This research was supported by the Army's MAST CTA Center for Microsystem Mechanics as well as by the United States Air Force Academy Aeronautics Laboratory. The authors would like to thank Col Neal Barlow, Lt Col Shad Reed and Dr Thomas McLaughlin for enabling the joint USAFA-UMD research effort. This would not have been possible without their commitment to USAFA cadets and research. The authors would also like to thank Mr. Tejaswi Jarugumilli for his help during the construction process. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU MULTI-SCIENCE PUBL CO LTD PI BRENTWOOD PA 5 WATES WAY, BRENTWOOD CM15 9TB, ESSEX, ENGLAND SN 1756-8293 J9 INT J MICRO AIR VEH JI Int. J. Micro Air Veh. PD JUN PY 2013 VL 5 IS 2 BP 145 EP 162 DI 10.1260/1756-8293.5.2.145 PG 18 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 190CM UT WOS:000322315200004 ER PT J AU Allen, MS Allen, JW Wenner, BR Look, DC Leedy, KD AF Allen, Monica S. Allen, Jeffery W. Wenner, Brett R. Look, David C. Leedy, Kevin D. TI Application of highly conductive ZnO to the excitation of long-range plasmons in symmetric hybrid waveguides SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE conducting oxide; transparent; plasmon; subwavelength; waveguide ID POLARITON; OPTICS; LIGHT; GAIN; AL AB Plasmonics combines attractive features of nanoelectronics and optics enabling highly integrated, subwavelength optical and electronic circuits. The wide application of plasmonic devices hinges on practical demonstrations with low losses at optical and infrared wavelengths. In this frequency regime, noble metals suffer from large losses that are difficult to compensate by adding gain material. Transparent conducting oxides, e. g., ZnO, are good alternatives to metals for plasmonic applications in the optical regime since they exhibit high conductivity and relatively small negative real permittivity values. We study Ga-doped ZnO layers grown on Al2O3 at 200 degrees C by pulsed laser deposition in Ar ambient. The bulk electrical properties, determined by Hall effect, were. 2.93 x 10(-4) Omega-cm; mu = 25.5 cm(2)/V-s; and n = 8.36 x 10(20) cm(-3). These values of mu and n were used to predict optical properties through the Drude dielectric function. The optical and electrical properties of the material were used to design insulator-metal-insulator (in our case, ZnO embedded in polymer) waveguides for long-range plasmons using full-wave electromagnetic models built with finite element method simulations. The models were used to predict the effect of device geometry on propagation length and losses of the plasmon mode. (C) 2013 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) C1 [Allen, Monica S.; Allen, Jeffery W.; Wenner, Brett R.; Look, David C.; Leedy, Kevin D.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Look, David C.] Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Look, David C.] Wyle Labs Inc, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. RP Allen, MS (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Monica.Allen@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Research Laboratory Sensors Directorate Entrepreneurial Research Fund Program; U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research; U.S. Department of Energy; National Science Foundation FX The authors are thankful for the funding support through the Air Force Research Laboratory Sensors Directorate 2012 Entrepreneurial Research Fund Program. The work of D. C. L. was partially supported by grants from U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (J. Hwang), U.S. Department of Energy (R. Kortan), and National Science Foundation (C. Ying). NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 33 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 EI 1560-2303 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD JUN PY 2013 VL 52 IS 6 AR 064603 DI 10.1117/1.OE.52.6.064603 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 186WP UT WOS:000322077000023 ER PT J AU McCue, BM Blalock, BJ Britton, CL Potts, J Kemerling, J Isihara, K Leines, MT AF McCue, Benjamin M. Blalock, Benjamin J. Britton, Charles L. Potts, Jeff Kemerling, James Isihara, Kiyosi Leines, Matthew T. TI A Wide Temperature, Radiation Tolerant, CMOS-Compatible Precision Voltage Reference for Extreme Radiation Environment Instrumentation Systems SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Bandgap reference; CMOS; dynamic threshold MOSFET (DTMOS); radiation hardening by design (RHBD); total ionizing dose (TID) radiation ID BANDGAP REFERENCE; TECHNOLOGIES; DESIGN AB Many design techniques have been incorporated into modern CMOS design practices to improve radiation tolerance of integrated circuits. Annular-gate NMOS structures have been proven to be significantly more radiation tolerant than the standard, straight-gate variety. Many circuits can be designed using the annular-gate NMOS and the inherently radiation tolerant PMOS. Bandgap reference circuits, however, typically require p-n junction diodes. These p-n junction diodes are the dominating factor in radiation degradation in bandgap reference circuits. This paper proposes a different approach to bandgap reference design to alleviate the radiation susceptibility presented by the p-n junction diodes. C1 [McCue, Benjamin M.; Blalock, Benjamin J.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Britton, Charles L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Potts, Jeff; Kemerling, James; Isihara, Kiyosi] Triad Semicond Inc, Winston Salem, NC 27103 USA. [Leines, Matthew T.] United States Air Force, Albuquerque, NM 87048 USA. RP McCue, BM (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM bmccue@utk.edu; bblalock@utk.edu; brittoncl@ornl.gov FU Department of Defense FX This work was supported by the Department of Defense. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2013 VL 60 IS 3 BP 2272 EP 2279 DI 10.1109/TNS.2013.2257850 PN 3 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 170MX UT WOS:000320857600017 ER PT J AU Slocik, JM Crouse, CA Spowart, JE Naik, RR AF Slocik, Joseph M. Crouse, Christopher A. Spowart, Jonathan E. Naik, Rajesh R. TI Biologically Tunable Reactivity of Energetic Nanomaterials Using Protein Cages SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Bioenergetics; ferritin; aluminum nanoparticles; thermite; protein cages ID AMMONIUM-PERCHLORATE; INORGANIC MATERIALS; ALUMINUM; NANOPARTICLES; FERRITIN; NANO; PERFORMANCE; APTAMER; GOLD AB The performance of aluminum nanomaterial based energetic formulations is dependent on the mass transport, diffusion distance, and stability of reactive components. Here we use a biologically inspired approach to direct the assembly of oxidizer loaded protein cages onto the surface of aluminum nanoparticles to improve reaction kinetics by reducing the diffusion distance between the reactants. Ferritin protein cages were loaded with ammonium perchlorate (AP) or iron oxide and assembled with nAl to create an oxidation-reduction based energetic reaction and the first demonstration of a nanoscale biobased thermite material. Both materials showed enhanced exothermic behavior in comparison to nanothermite mixtures of bulk free AP or synthesized iron oxide nanopowders prepared without the use of ferritin. In addition, by utilizing a layer-by-layer (LbL) process to build multiple layers of protein cages containing iron oxide and iron oxide/AP on nAl, stoichiometric conditions and energetic performance can be optimized. C1 [Slocik, Joseph M.; Crouse, Christopher A.; Spowart, Jonathan E.; Naik, Rajesh R.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Naik, RR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM Rajesh.Naik@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX This work was funded by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. We thank Dr. Patrick Dennis for helpful discussions and providing the ferritin protein functionalized with aluminum-binding peptides and Dr. Steve Kim for providing nAl-ferritin graphic for the TOC figure. NR 28 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 11 U2 89 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 EI 1530-6992 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JUN PY 2013 VL 13 IS 6 BP 2535 EP 2540 DI 10.1021/nl400590k PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 165LJ UT WOS:000320485100035 PM 23713514 ER PT J AU Calderon, DE Wang, Z Gursul, I Visbal, MR AF Calderon, D. E. Wang, Z. Gursul, I. Visbal, M. R. TI Volumetric measurements and simulations of the vortex structures generated by low aspect ratio plunging wings SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID LOW REYNOLDS-NUMBERS; PARTICLE TRACKING; LIFT ENHANCEMENT; FLAPPING FOILS; FLOW STRUCTURE; SCHEMES; AIRFOIL AB Volumetric three-component velocimetry measurements have been performed on low aspect ratio wings undergoing a small amplitude pure plunging motion. This study focuses on the vortex flows generated by rectangular and elliptical wings set to a fixed geometric angle of attack of alpha = 20 degrees. An investigation into the effect of Strouhal number illustrates the highly three-dimensional nature of the leading edge vortex as well as its inherent ability to improve lift performance. Computational simulations show good agreement with experimental results, both demonstrating the complex interaction between leading, trailing, and tip vortices generated in each cycle. The leading edge vortex, in particular, may deform significantly throughout the cycle, in some cases developing strong spanwise undulations. These are at least both Strouhal number and planform dependent. One or two arch-type vortical structures may develop, depending on the aspect ratio and Strouhal number. At sufficiently high Strouhal numbers, a tip vortex ring may also develop, propelling itself away from the wing in the spanwise direction due to self-induced velocity. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Calderon, D. E.; Wang, Z.; Gursul, I.] Univ Bath, Dept Mech Engn, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England. [Visbal, M. R.] US Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Calderon, DE (reprint author), Univ Bath, Dept Mech Engn, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England. FU (U.S.) Air Force Office of Scientific Research (USAFOSR), Air Force Material Command, USAF [FA8655-10-1-3093]; Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (U.K.) (EPSRC(GB)) Studentship; RCUK Academic Fellowship in Unmanned Air Vehicles; EPSRC Engineering Instrument Pool; DoD HPC Shared Resource Center at AFRL FX The experimental work was sponsored by the (U.S.) Air Force Office of Scientific Research (USAFOSR), Air Force Material Command, USAF under Grant No. FA8655-10-1-3093, as well as the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (U.K.) (EPSRC(GB)) Studentship, the RCUK Academic Fellowship in Unmanned Air Vehicles and the EPSRC Engineering Instrument Pool. The computational work was supported in part by AFOSR under a task monitored by Dr. D. Smith, and by a grant of HPC time from the DoD HPC Shared Resource Center at AFRL. The assistance of Dr. D. Garmann in filtering the computational data is gratefully acknowledged. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 31 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD JUN PY 2013 VL 25 IS 6 AR 067102 DI 10.1063/1.4808440 PG 22 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 175ZO UT WOS:000321272600034 ER PT J AU McConney, ME Tondiglia, VP Natarajan, LV Lee, KM White, TJ Bunning, TJ AF McConney, Michael E. Tondiglia, Vincent P. Natarajan, Lalgudi V. Lee, Kyung Min White, Timothy J. Bunning, Timothy J. TI Electrically Induced Color Changes in Polymer-Stabilized Cholesteric Liquid Crystals SO ADVANCED OPTICAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID VOLTAGE HOLDING RATIO; TRANSIENT-BEHAVIOR; LASER; DISPLAYS C1 [McConney, Michael E.; Tondiglia, Vincent P.; Natarajan, Lalgudi V.; Lee, Kyung Min; White, Timothy J.; Bunning, Timothy J.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Bunning, TJ (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Timothy.Bunning@wpafb.af.mil RI White, Timothy/D-4392-2012; McConney, Michael/A-1680-2011 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Materials and Manufacturing Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory; National Research Council FX The authors wish to thank Dr. Christopher Bailey and Prof. Deng-ke Yang for insightful discussions. We gratefully acknowledge funding from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and the Materials and Manufacturing Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory. MEM gratefully acknowledges the National Research Council for fellowship support. NR 36 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 6 U2 70 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 2195-1071 J9 ADV OPT MATER JI Adv. Opt. Mater. PD JUN PY 2013 VL 1 IS 6 BP 417 EP 421 DI 10.1002/adom.201300111 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA 172JM UT WOS:000320999100001 ER PT J AU Prather, WD Giri, DV Gardner, RL Tesche, FM Hutchins, RL Giles, JC AF Prather, William D. Giri, Dave V. Gardner, Robert L. Tesche, Fred M. Hutchins, Robert L. Giles, Joseph C. TI Early Developments in Sensors and Simulators at the Air Force Weapons Laboratory SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY LA English DT Article DE Electromagnetic pulse (EMP); electromagnetic (EM) theory; high-altitude electromagnetic pulse (HEMP); sensors; simulators; test AB Personnel at the Air Force Weapons Laboratory introduced many innovative concepts in electromagnetics (EM) and created new antenna and sensor designs that made possible much of the wideband electromagnetics technology we have today. Many practitioners in high power EM are familiar with wideband sensors and simulators, but may not be aware of their origin. The purpose of this paper is to describe some of the concepts from which many of the designs evolved and provide some interesting insight into the mind of Dr. Carl Baum, who created them. C1 [Prather, William D.] Air Force Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. [Giri, Dave V.] Protech, Alamo, CA 94507 USA. [Gardner, Robert L.] Off Secretary Def, Washington, DC 20330 USA. [Tesche, Fred M.] Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Hutchins, Robert L.] Northrop Grumman, Albuquerque, NM 87109 USA. [Giles, Joseph C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Prather, WD (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. EM william.prather@ieee.org; giri@dvgiri.com; robert.gardner.ctr@osd.mil; fred@tesche.com; rhutchins10@comcast.net; cliffgiles@comcast.net NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9375 J9 IEEE T ELECTROMAGN C JI IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. PD JUN PY 2013 VL 55 IS 3 SI SI BP 431 EP 439 DI 10.1109/TEMC.2013.2247767 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 170QI UT WOS:000320867900004 ER PT J AU Giles, JC Prather, WD AF Giles, Joseph C. Prather, William D. TI Worldwide High-Altitude Nuclear Electromagnetic Pulse Simulators SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY LA English DT Article DE Electromagnetic pulse (EMP); electromagnetic theory; high-altitude nuclear electromagnetic pulse (HEMP); sensors; simulators; test ID EMP SIMULATORS; POWER AB The five decades since the discovery that the electromagnetic pulse created by a nuclear detonation at high altitude (HEMP) threatens the survivability of strategic military and civilian electronic systems saw development and construction worldwide of many large test facilities for simulating that threat. This paper describes simulators in three categories: guided wave, dipole, and hybrid. In 2002, the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) published a compendium of technical information about 42 simulators in 14 countries using this classification system. This paper provides a summary of information in the compendium and describes some developments in the field since 2002. C1 [Giles, Joseph C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87544 USA. [Giles, Joseph C.] EG&G Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87544 USA. [Prather, William D.] Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM cliffgiles@comcast.net; william.prather@ieee.org NR 40 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9375 J9 IEEE T ELECTROMAGN C JI IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. PD JUN PY 2013 VL 55 IS 3 SI SI BP 475 EP 483 DI 10.1109/TEMC.2013.2238239 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 170QI UT WOS:000320867900009 ER PT J AU Giri, DV Prather, WD AF Giri, D. V. Prather, William D. TI High-Altitude Electromagnetic Pulse (HEMP) Risetime Evolution of Technology and Standards Exclusively for E1 Environment SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY LA English DT Article DE Field sensors; HEMP standards; high-altitude electromagnetic pulse (HEMP); measurement systems; pulse risetime; short pulse ID REFLECTOR ANTENNA; EMP SIMULATORS; POWER AB There are many different definitions of the risetime of a transient waveform. In the context of high-altitude electromagnetic pulse (HEMP) standards, the 10-90% risetime of an idealized double exponential waveform has been defined and used for many decades. However, such a risetime definition is not strictly applicable to the transient voltage out of a pulse generator, since no practical switch can close in zero time. In this paper, we discuss various definitions and their applicability. More importantly, pulse power technology has evolved over five decades and the achievable risetimes have come down from 10s of nanoseconds to 10s of picoseconds. As a corollary, the highest achievable voltage gradient has been going upwards of 10(15) V/s. In this paper, we review the definitions of risetime, and trace the evolution of technology and HEMP Standards, exclusively for the E1 environments. C1 [Giri, D. V.] Protech, Alamo, CA 94507 USA. [Giri, D. V.] Univ New Mexico, Dept ECE, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Prather, William D.] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Giri, DV (reprint author), Protech, Alamo, CA 94507 USA. EM Giri@DVGiri.com; william.prather@ieee.org NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9375 J9 IEEE T ELECTROMAGN C JI IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. PD JUN PY 2013 VL 55 IS 3 SI SI BP 484 EP 491 DI 10.1109/TEMC.2012.2235445 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 170QI UT WOS:000320867900010 ER PT J AU Wraight, A Prather, WD Sabath, F AF Wraight, Anthony Prather, William D. Sabath, Frank TI Developments in Early-Time (E1) High-Altitude Electromagnetic Pulse (HEMP) Test Methods SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY LA English DT Article DE Computational electromagnetics (CEM); effects; electromagnetic pulse; high-altitude electromagnetic (HEMP); standards; test methods ID NUCLEAR EMP AB This paper describes developments in high-altitude electromagnetic pulse (HEMP) test methods. More specifically, we describe the most commonly used HEMP test methods and associated measurement systems used to assess systems and equipment to the early-time (E1) effects of HEMP. Short case studies of the application of these test methods are included. Finally, computational electromagnetics (CEM) is a subject that has advanced significantly in recent years. This paper summarizes developments in this area and the supporting role that CEM has when undertaking assessments of the impact of HEMP on systems. C1 [Wraight, Anthony] Minist Def, London SW1A 2HB, England. [Prather, William D.] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Sabath, Frank] Bundeswehr Res Inst Protect Technol, D-29633 Munster, Germany. [Sabath, Frank] NBC Protect, D-29633 Munster, Germany. RP Wraight, A (reprint author), Minist Def, London SW1A 2HB, England. EM anthony.wraight462@mod.uk; william.prather@ieee.org; frank.sabath@ieee.org RI Sabath, Frank/B-3928-2016 OI Sabath, Frank/0000-0001-6702-3715 NR 41 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9375 J9 IEEE T ELECTROMAGN C JI IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. PD JUN PY 2013 VL 55 IS 3 SI SI BP 492 EP 499 DI 10.1109/TEMC.2013.2241442 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 170QI UT WOS:000320867900011 ER PT J AU Prather, WD Cafferky, J Ortiz, L Anderson, J AF Prather, William D. Cafferky, Jory Ortiz, Lenny Anderson, Jay TI CW Measurements of Electromagnetic Shields SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY LA English DT Article DE Continuous wave (CW); electromagnetic pulse (EMP) system verification; hardness surveillance; measurement systems ID WIRE AB When designing and qualifying hardened systems to an electromagnetic pulse (EMP) or electromagnetic interference standard, one needs a practical way to measure the effectiveness of the shield. It is not possible to test every system in a threat-level EMP test facility, so alternative methods have been developed. This paper reviews the advances made in low-level continuous wave measurement technology since the last EMC Special Issue published in 1978. These include system-level illumination as well as localized test methods for individual hardening elements. Available illuminating antennas for use on aircraft, ships, and ground-based communications systems are reviewed. C1 [Prather, William D.] Air Force Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. [Cafferky, Jory] EG&G URS Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87107 USA. [Ortiz, Lenny; Anderson, Jay] Oklahoma City Air Logist Ctr, Tinker AFB, OK 73150 USA. RP Prather, WD (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. EM william.prather@ieee.org; jcafferky@egginc.com; lenny.ortiz@tinker.af.mil; garland.anderson@tinker.af.mil FU Air Force Research Laboratory; Defense Threat Reduction Agency; Oklahoma City Air Logistics Center FX This work was supported in part by the Air Force Research Laboratory, in part by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency, and in part by the Oklahoma City Air Logistics Center. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9375 J9 IEEE T ELECTROMAGN C JI IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. PD JUN PY 2013 VL 55 IS 3 SI SI BP 500 EP 507 DI 10.1109/TEMC.2012.2237553 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 170QI UT WOS:000320867900012 ER PT J AU Johnson, RJ Williams, JP Bauer, KW AF Johnson, Robert J. Williams, Jason P. Bauer, Kenneth W. TI AutoGAD: An Improved ICA-Based Hyperspectral Anomaly Detection Algorithm SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Adaptive noise filtering; anomaly detection; hyperspectral imagery (HSI); independent component (IC) analysis (ICA) ID INDEPENDENT-COMPONENT ANALYSIS; UNSUPERVISED TARGET DETECTION; DIMENSIONALITY REDUCTION; IMAGERY; CLASSIFICATION; DISCRIMINATION; PURSUIT AB This work extends the emerging field of hyperspectral imagery (HSI) anomaly detectors and employs independent component (IC) analysis (ICA) to identify anomalous pixels. Using new techniques to fully automate feature extraction, feature selection, and anomaly pixel identification, an Autonomous Global Anomaly Detector has been developed for employment in an operational environment for real-time processing of HSI. Dimensionality reduction, which is the initial feature extraction prior to ICA, is effected through a geometric solution that estimates the number of retained principal components. The solution is based on the theory of the shape of the eigenvalue curve of the covariance matrix of spectral data containing noise. This research presents two new features, namely, potential anomaly signal-to-noise ratio and maximum pixel score, both of which are computed for each of the ICs to create a new 2-D feature space where the overlap between anomaly and nonanomaly classes is reduced. After anomaly feature selection, adaptive noise filtering is applied iteratively to suppress the background. Finally, a zero-detection histogram method is applied to the smoothed signals to identify anomaly locations to the user. After the algorithm is fully developed, a set of designed experiments are conducted to identify a reasonable set of input parameters. C1 [Johnson, Robert J.] Headquarters Air Force, Kirtland AFB, NM 87116 USA. [Williams, Jason P.] Headquarters US Air Forces Europe, Anal & Lessons Learned Div, Ramstein Ab, Germany. [Bauer, Kenneth W.] Air Force Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Johnson, RJ (reprint author), Headquarters Air Force, Kirtland AFB, NM 87116 USA. EM robert.johnson2@kirtland.af.mil; jason.williams.7@us.af.mil; kenneth.bauer@afit.edu NR 46 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 17 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JUN PY 2013 VL 51 IS 6 BP 3492 EP 3503 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2012.2222418 PN 2 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 171PK UT WOS:000320941300002 ER PT J AU Stacy, BM Comfort, KK Comfort, DA Hussain, SM AF Stacy, Bradley M. Comfort, Kristen K. Comfort, Donald A. Hussain, Saber M. TI In Vitro Identification of Gold Nanorods through Hyperspectral Imaging SO PLASMONICS LA English DT Article DE Gold nanorods; Hyperspectral imaging; Plasmonic resonance; Spectral signature; Agglomeration; In vitro identification ID OPTICAL-ABSORPTION; LIVE CELLS; NANOPARTICLES; CYTOTOXICITY; ASSEMBLIES; SIMULATION; CHEMISTRY; BIOLOGY AB Due to their unique plasmonic and optical properties, gold nanorods (GNR) have shown tremendous potential for nano-based applications extending into a variety of fields including bioimaging, sensor development, electronics, and cancer therapy. These distinctive, shape-specific properties are strongly dependent upon the GNR aspect ratio, thus producing the ability to be targeted for an application by fine-tuning their physical parameters. It is owing to their characteristic spectral signature, which is vastly different from that of a cellular setting, that GNRs are emerging as an ideal candidate for nano-based imaging applications. However, one challenge that has emerged in the field of bioimaging is the need to account for the observed plasmon coupling effect that arises from GNR agglomeration in a physiological environment. In this study, GNRs with aspect ratios of 2.5 and 6.0 were actively identified in an in vitro setting through a hyperspectral imaging (HSI) analysis; which successfully recognized and separated the light scattering pattern of these particles from that of the surrounding cells. Through inclusion of agglomerated GNR spectral patterns in the HSI spectral library, this imaging technique was able to overcome the complication of plasmon coupling, though to varying degrees. These results demonstrate the tremendous potential of GNRs coupled with HSI analysis to advance the field of nano-based sensing and imaging mechanisms. C1 [Stacy, Bradley M.; Comfort, Kristen K.; Hussain, Saber M.] USAF, Appl Biotechnol Branch, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Stacy, Bradley M.; Comfort, Kristen K.; Comfort, Donald A.] Univ Dayton, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Hussain, SM (reprint author), USAF, Appl Biotechnol Branch, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Res Lab, 711 Human Performance Wing, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM saber.hussain@wpafb.af.mil OI Comfort, Donald/0000-0003-4722-0898 FU Air Force Surgeon General; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education FX This work was funded in part by the Air Force Surgeon General. BMS and KKC received funding through Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education. NR 27 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1557-1955 J9 PLASMONICS JI Plasmonics PD JUN PY 2013 VL 8 IS 2 BP 1235 EP 1240 DI 10.1007/s11468-013-9538-6 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 164XN UT WOS:000320445700140 ER PT J AU Eaton, J Crawford, P Smith, R AF Eaton, Joshua Crawford, Paul Smith, Rita TI What is the best treatment for plant-induced contact dermatitis? SO JOURNAL OF FAMILY PRACTICE LA English DT Editorial Material ID RHUS DERMATITIS C1 [Eaton, Joshua; Crawford, Paul] Nellis Family Med Residency, Nellis AFB, NV USA. [Smith, Rita] Wilford Hall Ambulatory Surg Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX USA. RP Eaton, J (reprint author), Nellis Family Med Residency, Nellis AFB, NV USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU DOWDEN HEALTH MEDIA PI MONTVALE PA 110 SUMMIT AVE, MONTVALE, NJ 07645-1712 USA SN 0094-3509 J9 J FAM PRACTICE JI J. Fam. Pract. PD JUN PY 2013 VL 62 IS 6 BP 309 EP + PG 2 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 173UO UT WOS:000321106700012 PM 23828805 ER PT J AU Eismann, M Perconti, P AF Eismann, Michael Perconti, Philip TI Infrared Systems SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Eismann, Michael] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Perconti, Philip] USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Eismann, M (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM michael.eismann@wpafb.af.mil; philip.perconti.civ@mail.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD JUN PY 2013 VL 52 IS 6 AR 061301 PG 2 WC Optics SC Optics GA 151EV UT WOS:000319444400001 ER PT J AU LeVan, PD AF LeVan, Paul D. TI Space-based hyperspectral technologies for the thermal infrared SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE hyperspectral; infrared; multiwaveband; focal plane array AB Various approaches now exist for obtaining spectral imagery over a broad range of infrared wavelengths. One approach involves the use of a single grating element in two grating orders with dualband focal plane array (FPA) technology. This approach offers greater efficiency over the mid-wave infrared and long-wave infrared and eliminates the need for separate FPAs, dispersing elements, and optical beamsplitters. Another approach achieves similar results by exploiting an FPA which has a broad wavelength response with an innovative grating which has useable efficiency that extends beyond the single octave limits of traditional gratings. Significant advantages result, in either case, for space-based hyperspectral imagers, for which a reduction in cryo-cooled mass translates into prodigious savings in overall payload mass, cryo-cooling requirements, and waste heat removal. By contrast, longer term approaches might realize infrared "hyperspectral pixels" in two-dimensional imaging FPAs. In this case, each pixel would detect different wavelengths of radiation, at different depths, and the resulting "spectral photocurrents" would be transported to read-out circuitry through a vertical grid of electrical contacts. Although not yet realized in practice, the conceptual basis for accomplishing this, with the widely available HgCdTe detector material, has been described. With regard to employment, space-based thermal hyperspectral imaging is characterized by coarser ground resolution as a result of aperture diameter limitations and diffraction considerations at the longer infrared wavelengths. The resulting subpixel detections, based on spectral signature, are often complementary with higher resolution, shorter wavelength, panchromatic imagery. (c) 2013 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP LeVan, PD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM Paul.levan@kirtland.af.mil NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD JUN PY 2013 VL 52 IS 6 AR 061311 DI 10.1117/1.OE.52.6.061311 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 151EV UT WOS:000319444400011 ER PT J AU Rider, KB Little, BK Emery, SB Lindsay, CM AF Rider, Keith B. Little, Brian K. Emery, Samuel B. Lindsay, C. Michael TI Thermal Analysis of Magnesium/Perfluoropolyether Pyrolants SO PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS LA English DT Article DE Fomblin Y 140; 13; Magnesium; MTV; Thermochemistry; Layered films; DSC; TGA; TPD; TPR; Nanolaminates; Energetic material ID OXIDE FILM GROWTH; FOMBLIN-ZDOL; CARBON OVERCOATS; IONIC DIFFUSION; ALUMINUM-OXIDE; METAL CRYSTALS; PERFLUOROPOLYETHERS; KINETICS; DESORPTION; DECOMPOSITION AB Exothermic reactions between metals and fluorinated polymers are found in a variety of energetic materials, including reactive binder systems and the Magnesium-Teflon-Viton incendiary composition. This paper describes the reactions between a high molecular weight perfluoropolyether, Fomblin Y 140/13, and magnesium in a variety of morphologies including m-scale powders and nano-scale layered films. Using Temperature Programmed Desorption and Temperature Programmed Reaction we have found that the magnesium-perfluoropolyether interaction is characterized by: (1) competition between Fomblin decomposition and desorption, and (2) magnesium passivation by the formation of magnesium fluoride. Differential Scanning Calorimetry measurements establish a lower-bound estimate of the specific reaction energy of 9.2kJg-1. High molecular weight Fomblin (6500amu) undergoes a competitive reaction/desorption process with desorption occurring at 550K and decomposition at 610K. Decomposition becomes more favorable relative to desorption for higher heating rates and thicker films. Perfluoropolyethers produce several characteristic ions in the 70eV election ionization mass spectra, with the CF3+ ion being the most abundant ion observed during both the molecular desorption and decomposition. Larger fragment ions with masses of 235 and 285amu are observed in relatively high concentrations during desorption and low concentrations during decomposition. The reaction between magnesium and Fomblin begins at 400K, producing CF3+, CO+, and C2F5+ in the electron ionization mass spectrum. We propose that these reactions form a passivating layer of magnesium fluoride that protects the remaining metal as it approaches the magnesium melting point. Most of the reaction takes place at 800K and above when the magnesium fluoride film ruptures. C1 [Rider, Keith B.; Little, Brian K.; Emery, Samuel B.; Lindsay, C. Michael] USAF, Energet Mat Branch, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. [Rider, Keith B.] Longwood Univ, Dept Chem & Phys, Farmville, VA 23909 USA. RP Lindsay, CM (reprint author), USAF, Energet Mat Branch, Res Lab, 2306 Perimeter Rd, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. EM c.michael.lindsay@eglin.af.mil FU Air Force Research Laboratory; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [3002NW]; Air Force Research Laboratories Nano Science and Technology STT Nanoenergetics Initiative FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Russell Huffman, who performed the DSC measurements and to Mitch Bogle, Joshua Nittinger, and Chad Rumchik for many helpful conversations. This research was performed while K. B. R. held a National Research Council Senior Research Associateship Award at the Air Force Research Laboratory. This work is supported by research grant 3002NW from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Michael Berman Program Manager and also by the Air Force Research Laboratories Nano Science and Technology STT Nanoenergetics Initiative. NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 24 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0721-3115 J9 PROPELL EXPLOS PYROT JI Propellants Explos. Pyrotech. PD JUN PY 2013 VL 38 IS 3 BP 433 EP 440 DI 10.1002/prep.201200118 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 160IP UT WOS:000320113300017 ER PT J AU De Leon, N Wang, BL Weinberger, CR Matson, LE Thompson, GB AF De Leon, Nicholas Wang, Billie Weinberger, Christopher R. Matson, Lawrence E. Thompson, Gregory B. TI Elevated-temperature deformation mechanisms in Ta2C: An experimental study SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE UHTC; Slip system; Dislocations; TEM; Plastic deformation ID TANTALUM CARBIDE; PLASTIC-FLOW AB A polycrystalline alpha-Ta2C bar, fabricated by hot isostatic pressing, was tested in four-point bending at approximately 1930 C. The sample showed significant plastic deformation. Transmission electron microscopy, using two-beam defect analysis, confirmed pyramidal dislocation slip of the type alpha/3(1 1 (2) over bar 3) {1 0 (1) over bar 1}. Basal and prismatic slip of alpha/3(1 1 (2) over bar 0) type could not be determined because of significant contrast interference from stacking faults that formed in the material. The increase in stacking fault density observed after thermomechanical loading is not believed to be caused by deformation but rather is due to growth faults that formed from the slight carburization of Ta2C from the graphite heating filaments in the testing apparatus. The significant plasticity accommodation in Ta2C is a result of basal and non-basal slip and the wide spacing of the Ta-Ta metallic bonds that form inherent to its crystallography. (C) 2013 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [De Leon, Nicholas; Wang, Billie; Thompson, Gregory B.] Univ Alabama, Dept Met & Mat Engn, Tuscaloosa, AL 35401 USA. [Weinberger, Christopher R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Matson, Lawrence E.] Mat & Mfg Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Thompson, GB (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Met & Mat Engn, Box 870202, Tuscaloosa, AL 35401 USA. EM gthompson@eng.ua.edu FU Army Research Office [W911NF-08-1-0300]; Sandia National Laboratories Truman Fellowship in National Security Science and Engineering; Sandia Corporation; National Laboratories under its US Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This research was supported under the Army Research Office under grant W911NF-08-1-0300. This research was supported in part by an appointment to the Sandia National Laboratories Truman Fellowship in National Security Science and Engineering, sponsored by Sandia Corporation (a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation) as Operator of Sandia National Laboratories under its US Department of Energy Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JUN PY 2013 VL 61 IS 11 BP 3905 EP 3913 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2013.01.043 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 162WI UT WOS:000320296300001 ER PT J AU Meher, S Nag, S Tiley, J Goel, A Banerjee, R AF Meher, S. Nag, S. Tiley, J. Goel, A. Banerjee, R. TI Coarsening kinetics of gamma ' precipitates in cobalt-base alloys SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Coarsening; Cobalt alloys; Interface; TEM; APT ID ATOM-PROBE TOMOGRAPHY; NICKEL-BASED SUPERALLOYS; HIGH-TEMPERATURE ALLOYS; NI-AL ALLOYS; NONUNIFORM SYSTEM; VOLUME FRACTION; FREE ENERGY AB The expeditious development of novel cobalt-base gamma-gamma' alloys as possible next generation superalloys critically depends on achieving a comprehensive understanding of the coarsening kinetics of ordered gamma' precipitates. This paper discusses the coarsening of Ll(2) ordered Co-3(W, Al) precipitates in a model ternary Co-10Al-10W (at.%) alloy during isothermal annealing at 800 and 900 C. The experimentally determined temporal evolution of average size of the gamma' precipitates suggests classical matrix diffusion limited Lifshitz-Slyozov-Wagner coarsening at both temperatures. The gamma' coarsening rate constants have been determined using a modified coarsening rate equation for non-dilute solutions. Furthermore, using the Cahn Hilliard formulation for interfacial energy, the gamma/gamma' interfacial energies at the respective annealing temperatures have been correlated to the concentration profile across the interface that has been experimentally determined using atom probe tomography. The calculated interfacial energies are in comparable range with those observed in nickel-base superalloys. Additionally, this analysis has permitted, for the first time, the determination of the gradient energy coefficient for gamma/gamma' interfaces in Co-base alloys, a critical input for phase-field and other simulation models for microstructural evolution. (C) 2013 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Meher, S.; Nag, S.; Banerjee, R.] Univ N Texas, Ctr Adv Res & Technol, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Meher, S.; Nag, S.; Banerjee, R.] Univ N Texas, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Tiley, J.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. [Goel, A.] Indian Inst Technol, Dept Met & Mat Engn, Kharagpur 721302, WB, India. RP Banerjee, R (reprint author), Univ N Texas, Ctr Adv Res & Technol, Denton, TX 76203 USA. EM rajarshi.banerjee@unt.edu RI Meher, Subhashish/B-9701-2017 OI Meher, Subhashish/0000-0003-1599-4346 FU US Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) [FA8650-08-C-5226] FX The authors would like to acknowledge the US Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL Contract FA8650-08-C-5226) for providing financial support for this study. In addition, the authors also gratefully acknowledge the Center for Advanced Research and Technology (CART) at the University of North Texas for access to the experimental facilities used for this study. NR 36 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 50 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JUN PY 2013 VL 61 IS 11 BP 4266 EP 4276 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2013.03.052 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 162WI UT WOS:000320296300034 ER PT J AU Kahler, SW AF Kahler, S. W. TI A COMPARISON OF SOLAR ENERGETIC PARTICLE EVENT TIMESCALES WITH PROPERTIES OF ASSOCIATED CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE acceleration of particles; Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun: flares; Sun: particle emission ID II RADIO-BURSTS; PROTON EVENTS; INTERPLANETARY SHOCKS; ABUNDANCES; MODEL; ONSET AB The dependence of solar energetic proton (SEP) event peak intensities Ip on properties of associated coronal mass ejections (CMEs) has been extensively examined, but the dependence of SEP event timescales is not well known. We define three timescales of 20 MeV SEP events and ask how they are related to speeds nu(CME) or widths W of their associated CMEs observed by LASCO/SOHO. The timescales of the EPACT/Wind 20 MeV events are TO, the onset time from CME launch to SEP onset; TR, the rise time from onset to half the peak intensity (0.5Ip); and TD, the duration of the SEP intensity above 0.5Ip. This is a statistical study based on 217 SEP-CME events observed during 1996-2008. The large number of SEP events allows us to examine the SEP-CME relationship in five solar-source longitude ranges. In general, we statistically find that TO declines slightly with nu(CME), and TR and TD increase with both nu(CME) and W. TO is inversely correlated with log Ip, as expected from a particle background effect. We discuss the implications of this result and find that a background-independent parameter TO+TR also increases with nu(CME) and W. The correlations generally fall below the 98% significance level, but there is a significant correlation between nu(CME) and W which renders interpretation of the timescale results uncertain. We suggest that faster (and wider) CMEs drive shocks and accelerate SEPs over longer times to produce the longer TR and TD SEP timescales. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Kahler, SW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM AFRL.RVB.PA@kirtland.af.mil FU AFOSR [2301RDZ4] FX S. Kahler was funded by AFOSR Task 2301RDZ4. I thank J. Park and S. Akiyama for comments on SEP source associations and the reviewer for very helpful comments that greatly improved the work. CME data were taken from the CDAW LASCO catalog. This CME catalog is generated and maintained at the CDAW Data Center by NASA and The Catholic University of America in cooperation with the Naval Research Laboratory. SOHO is a project of international cooperation between ESA and NASA. We thank D. Reames for the use of the EPACT proton data. NR 35 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 10 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 1 PY 2013 VL 769 IS 2 AR 110 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/769/2/110 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 158UM UT WOS:000319999100026 ER PT J AU Kahler, SW Vourlidas, A AF Kahler, S. W. Vourlidas, A. TI A COMPARISON OF THE INTENSITIES AND ENERGIES OF GRADUAL SOLAR ENERGETIC PARTICLE EVENTS WITH THE DYNAMICAL PROPERTIES OF ASSOCIATED CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE acceleration of particles; Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun: flares; Sun: particle emission ID LARGE SEP EVENTS; INTERPLANETARY SHOCKS; SOHO OBSERVATIONS; PEAK INTENSITIES; DRIVEN SHOCKS; ACCELERATION; HELIOSPHERE; STEREO; EFFICIENT; SPECTRA AB Gradual solar energetic particle (SEP) events observed at 1 AU are produced by shocks driven by coronal mass ejections (CMEs). Characterizations of the remotely imaged CMEs and of their associated SEP events observed in situ can be used to increase our ability to forecast SEP events and to understand better the physical connections between the two phenomena. We carry out a statistical comparison of the peak intensities Ip20, of 120 western-hemisphere 20 MeV SEP events with those of their associated CMEs observed by the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory/Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph over the past solar cycle. For a subset of 96 events observed with the EPACT instrument on the Wind spacecraft we also compare the SEP 2 MeV peak intensities Ip2, power-law energy spectral exponents gamma, total SEP energies Esep, and 2 MeV nuc(-1) H/He ratios with CME properties. New analyses of white-light CME images enable us to improve calculations of the CME masses and potential energies and then to determine two values of their kinetic energies based on frontal V (fr) and center-of-mass V (cm) speeds. Despite considerable scatter in the SEP and CME data, the large dynamical ranges of both the SEP and CME parameters allow us to determine statistical trends in the comparisons of the logs of the parameters. Ip2, Ip20, and Esep are significantly correlated with CME kinetic energies, masses, and speeds, while gamma trends lower (harder). Those correlations are higher with V (fr) than with V (cm) parameters, indicating a less significant role for the body of the CME than for the CME front in SEP production. The high ratios (>= 10%) of Esep to CME energies found by Mewaldt et al. are confirmed, and the fits are consistent with a linear relationship between the two energies. The 2 MeV nuc(-1) H/He ratios decrease with increasing CME speeds, which may be an effect of shock geometry. We discuss several factors that limit the estimates of both the SEP and CME energies. C1 [Kahler, S. W.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Vourlidas, A.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kahler, SW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM AFRL.RVB.PA@kirtland.af.mil RI Vourlidas, Angelos/C-8231-2009 OI Vourlidas, Angelos/0000-0002-8164-5948 FU AFOSR Task [2301RDZ4]; NASA LWS TRT program FX S. K. was funded by AFOSR Task 2301RDZ4. A. V. was supported by the NASA LWS TR&T program. We thank the reviewer for useful comments on the manuscript. CME data were taken from the CDAWLASCO catalog. This CME catalog is generated and maintained at the CDAW Data Center by NASA and The Catholic University of America in cooperation with the Naval Research Laboratory. SOHO is a project of international cooperation between ESA and NASA. NR 69 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 1 PY 2013 VL 769 IS 2 AR UNSP 143 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/769/2/143 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 158UM UT WOS:000319999100059 ER PT J AU Murphy, JP Mullins, MJ Barnes, PN Haugan, TJ Levin, GA Majoros, M Sumption, MD Collings, EW Polak, M Mozola, P AF Murphy, John P. Mullins, Matthew J. Barnes, Paul N. Haugan, Timothy J. Levin, George A. Majoros, Milan Sumption, Michael D. Collings, Edward W. Polak, Milan Mozola, Pavol TI Experiment Setup for Calorimetric Measurements of Losses in HTS Coils Due to AC Current and External Magnetic Fields SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE AC losses; calorimetric measurement; magnetic field ID YBCO COATED CONDUCTORS; FREQUENCIES AB We present a design and details of construction of two calorimetric systems that allow us to measure the total loss in high temperature superconducting coils or linear samples carrying alternating current while exposed to a strong alternating magnetic field. This measurement technique is based on the boil-off of liquid nitrogen. The first system is designed to measure ac losses in superconducting coils in self-field generated by AC transport current. The second system contains a permanent magnet rotor and simulates the environment of an electric motor or generator. The sensitivity of the system is such that it can measure low losses from a few milliwatts to several hundred milliwatts, in either a static or dynamic magnetic field. C1 [Murphy, John P.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Mullins, Matthew J.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Barnes, Paul N.] USA, Energy & Power Div, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Haugan, Timothy J.] USAF, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Levin, George A.] UES, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Majoros, Milan; Sumption, Michael D.; Collings, Edward W.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Polak, Milan; Mozola, Pavol] Slovak Acad Sci, Bratislava 84104, Slovakia. RP Murphy, JP (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM john.murphy.ctr@wpafb.af.mil; manaman22@gmail.com; paul.n.barnes.civ@mail.mil; timothy.haugan@wpafb.af.mil; george.levin.ctr@wpafb.af.mil; majoros@matsceng.ohio-state.edu; sumption@matsceng.ohio-state.edu; collings@ecr6.ohio-state.edu; milan.polak@savba.sk; pavol.mozola@savba.sk RI Sumption, Mike/N-5913-2016 OI Sumption, Mike/0000-0002-4243-8380 FU Air Force Research Laboratory; Air Force Office of Scientific Research; European Office of Research and Development FX This work was supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory, the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, and its European Office of Research and Development. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 37 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2013 VL 23 IS 3 AR 4701505 DI 10.1109/TASC.2013.2237939 PN 2 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 143VA UT WOS:000318895100090 ER PT J AU Yocum, BJ Ekiert, TF Alexander, MD O'Malley, MJ AF Yocum, Brandon J. Ekiert, Thomas F., Jr. Alexander, Max D. O'Malley, Matthew J. TI Alcohol Dependent Production of Fe3O4 and CoFe2O4 Nanoparticles SO JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fe3O4; CoFe2O4; Nanoparticles; Solvothermal; Magnetism ID IRON-OXIDE NANOPARTICLES; NONAQUEOUS SYNTHESIS; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; CONTRAST AGENTS; SIZE; PARTICLES; NANOCOMPOSITES; POWDERS AB Commonly available alcohols of varying lengths and degree of branching were used to synthesize iron oxide, Fe3O4, and cobalt iron oxide, CoFe2O4, nanoparticles by means of a simple solvothermal decomposition of iron (III) acetylacetonates and cobalt (II) acetylacetonates. Depending on the solvent employed resulting Fe3O4 and CoFe2O4 nanoparticles ranged in size from similar to 5-16 nm and similar to 4-8 nm, respectively. All alcohols utilized resulted in the formation of nanoparticles with a spinel crystal structure, with the exception of methanol. Use of tert-butanol and phenol resulted in nearly spherical agglomerations of individual nanoparticles ranging between 100-250 nm. The resulting structures and morphologies of all samples were confirmed by X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy. Mass specific moments are reported based on SQUID magnetometry, and ranged from 57.5(5)-76.4(3) emu/g for Fe3O4 and 47.7(7)-67.0(4) emu/g CoFe2O4. C1 [Yocum, Brandon J.; Ekiert, Thomas F., Jr.; Alexander, Max D.; O'Malley, Matthew J.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Yocum, Brandon J.] SOCHE, Dayton, OH 45420 USA. [Ekiert, Thomas F., Jr.] UTC, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP O'Malley, MJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [USAF/AFRL FA8650-09-5800]; AFRL/RX 6.2 Corp Meta funding FX The authors would like to thank Dr. Charles Lee and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research for financial support under USAF/AFRL FA8650-09-5800 and AFRL/RX 6.2 Corp Meta funding. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 19 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI VALENCIA PA 26650 THE OLD RD, STE 208, VALENCIA, CA 91381-0751 USA SN 1533-4880 J9 J NANOSCI NANOTECHNO JI J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. PD JUN PY 2013 VL 13 IS 6 BP 4462 EP 4467 DI 10.1166/jnn.2013.7477 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 161PI UT WOS:000320205400117 PM 23862521 ER PT J AU Heller, E Choi, S Dorsey, D Vetury, R Graham, S AF Heller, Eric Choi, Sukwon Dorsey, Donald Vetury, Ramakrishna Graham, Samuel TI Electrical and structural dependence of operating temperature of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs SO MICROELECTRONICS RELIABILITY LA English DT Article ID GALLIUM NITRIDE; RELIABILITY; SPECTROSCOPY; DEGRADATION; TRANSISTORS; SIMULATION; DEFECTS; HFETS AB Understanding the distribution of the considerable heat generated in the active region of high power AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) at the sub-micron length scales relevant to the failures being observed in these devices is crucial for understanding device performance and reliability. In addition, electrical bias conditions and structural characteristics such as field plates alter the electric field distribution and thermal path within the device leading to changes in the heat generation profile across the channel. This in turn influences the value and location of the device peak temperature and the channel to ambient (or case or base-plate) thermal resistance. The channel temperature distribution of AlGaN/GaN HEMT structures with and without source connected field plates were examined via micro-Raman spectroscopy and coupled electro-thermal simulation. For both type of structures, high V-ds conditions lead to significantly higher channel temperature compared to that for low V-ds conditions for the same power dissipation level. This is important because the industry standard Arrhenius relation assumes the total power is sufficient to describe the device channel temperature and that the bias condition is irrelevant [1]. We explore the level of agreement between modeling and experiment, and also the extent to which variability in input parameters for the modeling affects model results. We show that operating bias condition has a significant role in device reliability by altering value and location of the peak temperature, which then alters the type and rate of thermally induced degradation taking place at critical locations such as the drain side corner of the gate. Specifically, care must be taken when extrapolating results of an accelerated life test to usage conditions at dissimilar bias conditions to consider if the results will be applicable. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Heller, Eric; Dorsey, Donald] AF Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Choi, Sukwon; Graham, Samuel] Georgia Inst Technol, Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Vetury, Ramakrishna] RFMD, Def & Power Business Unit, Charlotte, NC 28269 USA. RP Heller, E (reprint author), AF Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM eric.heller@wpafb.af.mil; sukwon.choi@gatech.edu; RVetury@rfmd.com; sgraham@gatech.edu FU Office of Naval Research; Air Force Research Laboratories; Air Force Research Laboratory under the High-Reliability Electronics Virtual Center (HiREV) FX RFMD acknowledges the support of the Office of Naval Research (program monitor, Dr. Paul Maki) and the Air Force Research Laboratories (program monitor, Dr. John Blevins). S. Choi and S. Graham acknowledge funding support from the Air Force Research Laboratory under the High-Reliability Electronics Virtual Center (HiREV). NR 30 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 33 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0026-2714 J9 MICROELECTRON RELIAB JI Microelectron. Reliab. PD JUN PY 2013 VL 53 IS 6 BP 872 EP 877 DI 10.1016/j.microrel.2013.03.004 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 164QO UT WOS:000320424800013 ER PT J AU Braun, EM Lu, FK Wilson, DR Camberos, JA AF Braun, Eric M. Lu, Frank K. Wilson, Donald R. Camberos, Jose A. TI Airbreathing rotating detonation wave engine cycle analysis SO AEROSPACE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Detonation; Cycle analysis; Propulsion system ID PROPAGATION; PERFORMANCE; PROPULSION; VELOCITY; MODEL; AIR AB A cycle analysis model for an airbreathing, rotating detonation wave engine (RDE) is presented. The engine consists of a steady inlet system with an isolator which delivers air into an annular combustor. A detonation wave continuously rotates around the combustor with side relief as the flow expands towards the nozzle. A model for the side relief is used to find the pressure distribution around the combustor. Air and fuel enter the combustor when the rarefaction wave pressure behind the detonation front drops to the inlet supply pressure. To create a stable RDE, the inlet pressure is matched in a convergence process with the average combustor pressure by increasing the annulus channel radial width with respect to the isolator channel. Performance of this engine is considered using several parametric studies and compared with rocket-mode computational results. A hydrogen-air RDE reaches a specific impulse of 3800 s and can reach a flight speed of Mach 5. (C) 2012 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. C1 [Braun, Eric M.; Lu, Frank K.; Wilson, Donald R.] Univ Texas Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Camberos, Jose A.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Braun, EM (reprint author), Univ Texas Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. EM eric.braun@mavs.uta.edu FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratories summer internship (Air Vehicles Directorate, Design Analysis Methods Branch) FX Research into this subject for EMB was supported by a U.S. Air Force Research Laboratories summer internship (Air Vehicles Directorate, Design Analysis Methods Branch). NR 41 TC 13 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1270-9638 J9 AEROSP SCI TECHNOL JI Aerosp. Sci. Technol. PD JUN PY 2013 VL 27 IS 1 BP 201 EP 208 DI 10.1016/j.ast.2012.08.010 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 160BC UT WOS:000320090200024 ER PT J AU Grasch, AD Jaworski, JW Tang, D Dowell, EH AF Grasch, Adam D. Jaworski, Justin W. Tang, Deman Dowell, Earl H. TI Resonant Frequency Determination of a Multistore High-Altitude/Long-Endurance Wing SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ASPECT-RATIO WINGS; FLIGHT DYNAMICS; GUST RESPONSE; FLYING WINGS AB It is desirable to predict the resonant frequencies and mode shapes of extremely high-aspect ratio wings for high-altitude/long-endurance applications. Such results give insight into structural response and serve as a precursor to flutter and gust response calculations. The influence of rigid body modes has been shown to be significant for the aeroelastic response of these aircraft, but this effect is frequently not captured in a laboratory setting. Additionally, resonant frequencies can be difficult to predict when multiple discrete masses such as engines or mission pods are distributed along the span. In this work, the resonant frequencies of a high-altitude/long-endurance wing mounted on a spring of variable stiffness with both root and tip stores are determined analytically from classical beam theory. The model is then extended through a component-mode synthesis to incorporate multiple spanwise masses of any discrete distribution. Computational results are compared with an experiment, and good agreement is shown. C1 [Grasch, Adam D.] Univ Bristol, Dept Aerosp Engn, Bristol BS8 1TR, Avon, England. [Jaworski, Justin W.] USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Computat Sci Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Tang, Deman; Dowell, Earl H.] Duke Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Grasch, AD (reprint author), Univ Bristol, Dept Aerosp Engn, Queens Bldg, Bristol BS8 1TR, Avon, England. EM adam.grasch@alumni.duke.edu; jwj@alumni.duke.edu; demant@duke.edu; dowell@ee.duke.edu FU Duke University; National Academy of Engineering Grand Challenge Scholars program; National Research Council FX This work has been supported by the Duke University Pratt Fellows program and the National Academy of Engineering Grand Challenge Scholars program. The second author gratefully acknowledges the support of a National Research Council Research Associateship Award held at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base. The authors also wish to thank the anonymous reviewers for their helpful suggestions on the component-mode synthesis. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD JUN PY 2013 VL 51 IS 6 BP 1277 EP 1283 DI 10.2514/1.J051499 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 154CB UT WOS:000319648000001 ER PT J AU Porter, C Gordeyev, S Zenk, M Jumper, E AF Porter, Chris Gordeyev, Stanislav Zenk, Mike Jumper, Eric TI Flight Measurements of the Aero-Optical Environment Around a Flat-Windowed Turret SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID AERO-OPTICS; BOUNDARY-LAYERS; SHEAR-LAYER; DISTORTION; ABLEX AB This paper discusses the aero-optical environment for a flat-window hemisphere-on-cylinder turret over a wide range of viewing angles during flight tests in the Airborne Aero-Optics Laboratory. Aero-optical aberrations around the turret were measured using a high-speed Shack-Hartmann wave-front sensor providing an extensive aero-optical mapping. The primary data were acquired at Mach 0.5 at an altitude of 15,000 ft, with a subset of the data collected at Mach 0.4 for verification of scaling relationships. Data were acquired holding the relative position between two aircrafts constant. Additional data sets were acquired allowing two aircrafts to change their relative positions so that stewing data could be acquired; this provided statistical data over a large range of viewing angles between looking-forward to looking-back angles. Results were analyzed, and the aero-optical contribution from different flow features over the turret was identified and discussed. Cross-correlation functions and convective speed were also computed for some viewing angles and compared with other experiments. The flight-test data were also compared to wind-tunnel measurements using the identical turret. C1 [Gordeyev, Stanislav; Zenk, Mike; Jumper, Eric] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Hessert Lab Aerosp Res, Notre Dame, IN 46545 USA. RP Porter, C (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Aerosp Engn, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. FU High Energy Laser Division of the Joint Technology Office; U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-07-1-0574] FX These efforts were sponsored by the High Energy Laser Division of the Joint Technology Office and supported by the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, grant FA9550-07-1-0574. NR 31 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD JUN PY 2013 VL 51 IS 6 BP 1394 EP 1403 DI 10.2514/1.J052067 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 154CB UT WOS:000319648000011 ER PT J AU Stanford, B Beran, P Kobayashi, M AF Stanford, Bret Beran, Philip Kobayashi, Marcelo TI Simultaneous Topology Optimization of Membrane Wings and Their Compliant Flapping Mechanisms SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MICRO AIR VEHICLES; DESIGN; VENATION; POWER AB This work explores the interdependencies between the topological design of a compliant flapping mechanism and that of a flight-loaded elastic membrane-wing skeleton. This is done via a monolithic aeroelastic framework that encompasses the compliant-mechanism deformation, the motion of a flexible wing, and the transmission of aerodynamic and inertial forces back into the mechanism. A cellular-based evolutionary topology optimization scheme is used for mechanism design, wing design, or both simultaneously. The latter approach is shown to provide superior performance as this allows the tightly coupled nature of the two structures to be fully exploited. The results presented here also demonstrate potential issues that arise during wing design if the flapping kinematics are assumed to be prescribed. Finally, the mechanism topology is further improved via a gradient-based sizing/shape optimization to decrease actuator requirements as well as the time-dependent elastic stresses. C1 [Stanford, Bret] USAF, Res Lab, Universal Technol Corp, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Beran, Philip] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RQSE, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Kobayashi, Marcelo] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Mech Engn, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Stanford, B (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Universal Technol Corp, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM bretkennedystanford@gmail.com FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [09RB01COR, 03VA01COR] FX This work is sponsored by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Laboratory Tasks 09RB01COR (monitored by Doug Smith) and 03VA01COR (monitored by Fariba Fahroo). NR 35 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD JUN PY 2013 VL 51 IS 6 BP 1431 EP 1441 DI 10.2514/1.J052118 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 154CB UT WOS:000319648000014 ER PT J AU Zelmon, DE Northridge, JM Haynes, ND Perlov, D Petermann, K AF Zelmon, David E. Northridge, Jessica M. Haynes, Nicholas D. Perlov, Dan Petermann, Klaus TI Temperature-dependent Sellmeier equations for rare-earth sesquioxides SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID NONLINEAR ELECTRONIC RESPONSE; SMALL-PRISM TECHNIQUE; BOND-ORBITAL THEORY; REFRACTIVE-INDEXES; LITHIUM-NIOBATE; CRYSTAL-GROWTH; OPTICAL DISPERSION; IONIC-CRYSTALS; LASER; YB-LU2O3 AB High-power lasers are making increasing demands on laser hosts especially in the area of thermal management. Traditional hosts, such as YAG, are unsuitable for many high-power applications and therefore, new hosts are being developed including rare-earth sesquioxides. We report new measurements of the refractive indices of these materials as functions of wavelength and temperature, which will aid in the design of laser cavities and other nonlinear optical elements. (C) 2013 Optical Society of America C1 [Zelmon, David E.; Northridge, Jessica M.; Haynes, Nicholas D.] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RXPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Perlov, Dan] Coherent Crystal Associates, E Hanover, NJ 07936 USA. [Petermann, Klaus] Univ Hamburg, Inst Laser Phys, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany. RP Zelmon, DE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RXPS, 3005 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM david.zelmon@wpafb.af.mil NR 28 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 15 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUN 1 PY 2013 VL 52 IS 16 BP 3824 EP 3828 DI 10.1364/AO.52.003824 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 156FK UT WOS:000319807000024 PM 23736339 ER PT J AU Mudaliar, S AF Mudaliar, Saba TI Multiple Scattering Volume-Surface Interactions SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE Rough interface; random medium; multiple scattering; volume-surface interactions ID RANDOM ROUGH SURFACES; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; INHOMOGENEOUS-MEDIA; BACKSCATTERING; DERIVATION; PARTICLES; INTERFACE; MODEL AB The combined problem of scattering from random media with rough boundaries is fairly complicated. Hence, it is important to understand the scattering processes involved so that one may develop approximate methods appropriate for the application at hand. To facilitate this we have presented three different approaches: two using statistical wave theories and the third using the transport theory. Each approach gives a different perspective of the scattering processes involved. Although the transport theory is popularly used for this problem we find that certain multiple scattering volume-surface interactions are ignored in this approach. In contrast, our 'unified approach' properly takes into account all multiple scattering processes. One reason for this is that it treats volumetric scattering and surface scattering on an equal footing. We observe that because of multiple scattering, the contributions from volumetric scattering and surface scattering get inextricably coupled, and hence cannot be treated separately as it is done in the transport theoretic approach. However, if one component is much weaker than the other the combined problem may be split into two parts: (1) volumetric scattering, and (2) surface scattering. Thus, the computation of the difficult combined problem may be reduced to the computations of two simple problems. This splitting is not the same as that obtained when employing the single scattering approximation. Our detailed analysis of the problem has enhanced our understanding of the multiple scattering processes involved. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mudaliar, S (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM saba.mudaliar@wpafb.af.mil FU US Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX This work was supported in part by the US Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 53 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD JUN PY 2013 VL 61 IS 6 BP 3225 EP 3236 DI 10.1109/TAP.2013.2250893 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 157BW UT WOS:000319871400038 ER PT J AU Shiffler, D Seviour, R Luchinskaya, E Stranford, E Tang, W French, D AF Shiffler, Don Seviour, Rebecca Luchinskaya, Elena Stranford, Erin Tang, Wilkin French, David TI Study of Split-Ring Resonators as a Metamaterial for High-Power Microwave Power Transmission and the Role of Defects SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE High power microwave generation; metamaterials; power transmission ID PERMITTIVITY; PERMEABILITY; RADIATION AB Microwave metamaterials show promise in numerous low-power applications, ranging from strip lines to antennas. In general, metamaterials allow microwave designers to obtain electromagnetic characteristics not typically available in nature, leading to new behavior as well as reductions in the size of typical devices. High-power microwave (HPM) sources were efficient in the conventional microwave source community. We consider a specific use of metamaterials as a method to reduce the size of waveguide used for power transmission, particularly, a configuration in which an array of split-ring resonators (SRRs), forming a "mu-negative" structure, allows transmission of power in a waveguide well below the cutoff frequency. This configuration would not be used in an actual HPM device, but explores the methods and considerations that might be required for developing a metamaterial structure for either making HPM sources more compact or developing new types of interaction at these high powers. For any HPM application, a microwave structure must be able to sustain high electric and magnetic fields, as well as high peak and possibly average power. The challenge for metamaterials consists of devising the subwavelength structures (a defining characteristic of metamaterials) that can sustain such fields. In particular, one must understand the sensitivity of any metamaterial system to changes in the individual elements, which in high power pertains mainly to the loss of an individual resonator element. As such a sample system, we explore the physical operating characteristics of the waveguide system loaded with an array of SRRs, particularly the role of defects on its properties. Such defects would form an important feature in any high-power application in which subwavelength structures can be damaged by high field stresses. C1 [Shiffler, Don; Tang, Wilkin; French, David] USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland, NM 87117 USA. [Shiffler, Don; Tang, Wilkin; French, David] Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland, NM 87117 USA. [Seviour, Rebecca; Luchinskaya, Elena] Univ Lancaster, Lancaster LA1 4YW, England. [Seviour, Rebecca] Univ Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, W Yorkshire, England. [Stranford, Erin] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Shiffler, D (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland, NM 87117 USA. EM don.shiffler@kirtland.af.mil; rseviour@lancaster.co.uk; eluchinskaya@lancaster.co.uk; erinstranford@gmail.com; wilkin.tang@kirtland.af.mil; david.french@kirtland.af.mil OI LAMB, ERIN/0000-0003-2430-3615 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Air Force Research Laboratory; Directed Energy Summer Scholars Program FX This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and the Air Force Research Laboratory, and the Directed Energy Summer Scholars Program. NR 23 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 31 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 EI 1939-9375 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JUN PY 2013 VL 41 IS 6 BP 1679 EP 1685 DI 10.1109/TPS.2013.2251669 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 161KO UT WOS:000320192000009 ER PT J AU Hardin, CL Kodera, Y Basun, SA Evans, DR Garay, JE AF Hardin, C. L. Kodera, Y. Basun, S. A. Evans, D. R. Garay, J. E. TI Transparent, luminescent terbium doped zirconia: development of optical-structural ceramics with integrated temperature measurement functionalities SO OPTICAL MATERIALS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID YTTRIA-STABILIZED ZIRCONIA; DIFFUSION; OXIDES AB We present a method for the preparation of transparent Tb doped zirconia (Tb:ZrO2) ceramics that luminesce in the visible. The visible luminescence is temperature dependent, yielding samples that have integrated temperatures sensing capabilities. Our approach is to simultaneously react and densify ZrO2 and Tb4O7 using current activated pressure assisted densification (CAPAD). The Tb dopant serves to both stabilize the tetragonal phase of zirconia and for emitting light. The Tb:ZrO2 ceramics have an excellent combination of structural and optical properties; the toughness is comparable to yttria stabilized zirconia and the transparency in the visible is high. Moreover, the luminescent lifetimes are long and amenable to luminescent thermometry. The ceramics have promise as thermal barrier materials and high-strength windows with "built-in" temperature measurement capabilities. (C) 2013 Optical Society of America C1 [Hardin, C. L.; Kodera, Y.; Garay, J. E.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Mech Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Hardin, C. L.; Kodera, Y.; Garay, J. E.] Univ Calif Riverside, Mat Sci & Engn Program, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Basun, S. A.; Evans, D. R.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hardin, CL (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Mech Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM jegaray@engr.ucr.edu FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [DMR 0956071] FX Partial support of this work by the National Science Foundation (NSF Grant# DMR 0956071) is gratefully acknowledged. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 29 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2159-3930 J9 OPT MATER EXPRESS JI Opt. Mater. Express PD JUN 1 PY 2013 VL 3 IS 6 BP 893 EP 903 DI 10.1364/OME.3.000893 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA 155IA UT WOS:000319740000024 ER PT J AU Wang, C Grillot, F Kovanis, VI Bodyfelt, JD Even, J AF Wang, Cheng Grillot, Federic Kovanis, Vassilios I. Bodyfelt, Joshua D. Even, Jacky TI Modulation properties of optically injection-locked quantum cascade lasers SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS AB A rate equation analysis on the modulation response of an optical injection-locked quantum cascade laser is outlined. It is found that the bifurcation diagram exhibits both bistable and unstable locked regions. In addition, the stable locked regime widens as the linewidth enhancement factor increases. It is also shown that both positive and negative optical detunings as well as strong injection strength enhance the 3 dB modulation bandwidth by as much as 30 GHz. Finally, the peak in the modulation response is significantly influenced by the optical frequency detuning. (C) 2013 Optical Society of America C1 [Wang, Cheng; Even, Jacky] Univ Europeenne Bretagne, INSA, CNRS FOTON, F-35708 Rennes 7, France. [Wang, Cheng; Grillot, Federic] Telecom Paristech, Ecole Natl Super Telecommun, CNRS LTCI, F-75013 Paris, France. [Kovanis, Vassilios I.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Bodyfelt, Joshua D.] Ohio State Univ, Electrosci Lab, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. RP Wang, C (reprint author), Univ Europeenne Bretagne, INSA, CNRS FOTON, 20 Ave Buttes Coesmes, F-35708 Rennes 7, France. EM cheng.wang@insa-rennes.fr RI even, jacky/C-6212-2008; Grillot, Frederic/N-5613-2014; Bodyfelt, Joshua/B-7676-2011 OI even, jacky/0000-0002-4607-3390; Bodyfelt, Joshua/0000-0002-1201-566X FU European Office of Aeorospace Research and Development (EOARD) [FA8655-12-1-2093]; China Scholarship Council FX Dr. Frederic Grillot's work is supported by the European Office of Aeorospace Research and Development (EOARD) under grant number FA8655-12-1-2093. Dr. Vassilios Kovanis is supported via the AFOSR Electromagnetics Portfolio of Dr. Arje Nachman. Cheng Wang's work is supported by China Scholarship Council. The authors would like to thank C. Otto from Technische Universit t Berlin, Germany; Prof. Thomas Erneux of Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Dr. S. Barbieri and Prof. Carlo Sirtori of Universite Paris Diderot-Paris 7, France for helpful discussion; and J.L. Volakis for a stimulating research environment at OSU-ESL. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 14 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD JUN 1 PY 2013 VL 38 IS 11 BP 1975 EP 1977 DI 10.1364/OL.38.001975 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 156IL UT WOS:000319815200073 PM 23722808 ER PT J AU Bechel, VT Safriet, S Brown, JM Unroe, MR AF Bechel, Vernon T. Safriet, Sirina Brown, Janis M. Unroe, Marilyn R. TI Bismaleimide/preceramic polymer blends for hybrid material transition regions: Part 1. Processing and characterization SO HIGH PERFORMANCE POLYMERS LA English DT Article DE Preceramic polymer; hybrid; composite; thermal protection system ID FUNCTIONALLY GRADED MATERIALS; PRECERAMIC POLYMER; ADVANCED CERAMICS; SILICON-CARBIDE; CONVERSION AB In this article, initial steps were taken in the study of processing mixtures of a polymer and a preceramic polymer to produce a hybrid material that contains a region of gradual transformation from a polymer to a ceramic. It is thought to be a first step toward the eventual development of a hybrid that is graded from a polymer matrix composite to a ceramic matrix composite. Thermal analysis, elemental analysis, and morphology characterization of blends of RD-730 preceramic polymer, which converts to silicon carbide upon pyrolyzation, and Matrimid A/B polymer which is a bismaleimide were carried out as a function of cure cycles. The cure cycles were chosen to vary the resin viscosity at specific times during processing in order to affect the amount of phase separation of the two resins. These results were then used to make conclusions on how processing parameters affected the miscibility of the two resins and the likelihood of producing a hybrid having mechanical and thermal properties that fall between those of the two constituents. High RD-730 loadings were achieved without phase inversion, the glass transition temperature (T-g) of the blended material was shown to be significantly influenced by a post-cure, and a spatial gradient in RD-730 concentration was noted. C1 [Bechel, Vernon T.; Safriet, Sirina; Brown, Janis M.; Unroe, Marilyn R.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Safriet, Sirina] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Bechel, VT (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Vernon.Bechel@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-05-D-5052] FX Direct funding for this work was provided by the Air Force Research Laboratory through funding on contract FA8650-05-D-5052. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 26 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0954-0083 J9 HIGH PERFORM POLYM JI High Perform. Polym. PD JUN PY 2013 VL 25 IS 4 BP 363 EP 376 DI 10.1177/0954008312468351 PG 14 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 153OI UT WOS:000319611400001 ER PT J AU McKellar, BR Venkat, N Safriet, S Brown, JM Unroe, MR Bechel, V Fossum, E AF McKellar, Bernard R. Venkat, Narayanan Safriet, Sirina Brown, Janis M. Unroe, Marilyn R. Bechel, Vernon Fossum, Eric TI Bismaleimide/preceramic polymer blends for hybrid material transition regions: Part 2. Incorporating compatibilizers SO HIGH PERFORMANCE POLYMERS LA English DT Article DE Preceramic polymer; bismaleimide; hybrid; thermal protection; phase separation; compatibilizers ID COMPOSITES; PYROLYSIS; YIELD AB The problem of phase separation in polycarbosilane (Starfire resin)-Matrimid thermoset blend structures, designed for thermal protection applications, was addressed in this study. The structural design of the compatibilizers synthesized via a hydrosilylation-deprotection sequence was primarily based on a polymer structure with a nonpolar segment consisting of a carbosilane unit and a polar segment with a bisphenol-type moiety. Besides the homopolymer, block copolymers with varying contents of the polycarbosilane unit and the bisphenol A unit were synthesized and characterized. Curing experiments on the blends of Starfire resin-Matrimid incorporating 1-5% of the compatibilizers were performed followed by morphological characterization of the cured resin plaques. The effectiveness of the compatibilizers was assessed by the StarFire domain size and the distribution of cured specimens was examined in the scanning electron micrographs. Results indicated that the compatibilizers that were more effective in minimizing phase separation were relatively more polar and comprised a larger fraction of the phenolic functional units. In fact, the blend composition incorporating 5% of the homopolymer compatibilizer with the largest fraction of the polar bisphenol A unit was highly effective in providing a homogeneous distribution of very small StarFire domains, that is, fairly uniform domain sizes of the order of 5 mu m or less. C1 [McKellar, Bernard R.; Venkat, Narayanan; Safriet, Sirina] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Multiscale Composites & Polymers Div, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Venkat, Narayanan; Safriet, Sirina; Brown, Janis M.; Unroe, Marilyn R.; Bechel, Vernon] USAF, Mat Directorate, Res Labs, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Fossum, Eric] Wright State Univ, Dept Chem, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Venkat, N (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM narayanan.venkat.ctr@wpafb.af.mil FU University of Dayton Research Institute from AFRL/RXBC, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base [FA8650-10-D-5011] FX Funding provided to the University of Dayton Research Institute under Contract # FA8650-10-D-5011, Task Order 0001 entitled "Hybrid Materials Compositions in Combined Aggressive Environments," from AFRL/RXBC, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base is gratefully acknowledged. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 25 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0954-0083 J9 HIGH PERFORM POLYM JI High Perform. Polym. PD JUN PY 2013 VL 25 IS 4 BP 399 EP 415 DI 10.1177/0954008312466879 PG 17 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 153OI UT WOS:000319611400004 ER PT J AU Phillips, TM Salmasi, AH Stec, A Novak, TE Gearhart, JP Mathews, RI AF Phillips, Timothy M. Salmasi, Amirali H. Stec, Andrew Novak, Thomas E. Gearhart, John P. Mathews, Ranjiv I. TI Urological outcomes in the omphalocele exstrophy imperforate anus spinal defects (OEIS) complex: Experience with 80 patients SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cloacal exstrophy; Osteotomy; OEIS complex; Augmentation cystoplasty ID CLOACAL EXSTROPHY; EPISPADIAS COMPLEX; BLADDER EXSTROPHY; URINARY CONTINENCE; MANAGEMENT; RECONSTRUCTION AB Objective: To review the urological management and outcomes of patients with the OEIS (omphalocele, exstrophy of the bladder, imperforate anus, spinal abnormalities) complex. Patients and methods: 80 patients with the OEIS complex managed at a single institution between 1974 and 2009 were reviewed. Results: 37 had initial closure at our institution (2 failed - 5%); 22 with successful closure were referred for incontinence; 15 failed closure at an outside institution (2 of whom are awaiting closure); 6 are skin-covered variants. Osteotomy was performed in 39/43 (91%) with successful closure versus 8/17 (47%) who failed initial bladder closure. 40 were dry (56%), but most needed additional urinary reconstruction: 2 had small bowel neobladders; 32 (84%) had augmentation cystoplasty; 30 (79%) had a continent catheterizable channel; only 9 (24%) were continent with an intact urethra. Bladder neck reconstruction allowed dryness in 7 (18%). 45 patients had XY genotype - 19 had female gender assignment at birth. All patients with XX genotype had female gender assignment. Conclusions: Osteotomy improves success of initial bladder closure. A bladder neck procedure, catheterizable channel, and augmentation cystoplasty will be required in the majority of patients to attain urinary dryness. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Journal of Pediatric Urology Company. C1 [Phillips, Timothy M.; Novak, Thomas E.] San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Dept Urol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. [Salmasi, Amirali H.; Gearhart, John P.; Mathews, Ranjiv I.] Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Brady Urol Inst, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. [Stec, Andrew] Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Urol, Charleston, SC 29482 USA. RP Phillips, TM (reprint author), San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Dept Urol, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM Timothy.phillips@us.af.mil; Salmasi.amirali@gmail.com; Stec@musc.edu; Thomas.e.novak@us.army.mil; Jgearha2@jhmi.edu; rmathew1@jhmi.edu NR 24 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1477-5131 J9 J PEDIATR UROL JI J. Pediatr. Urol PD JUN PY 2013 VL 9 IS 3 BP 353 EP 358 DI 10.1016/j.jpurol.2012.04.017 PG 6 WC Pediatrics; Urology & Nephrology SC Pediatrics; Urology & Nephrology GA 151ZD UT WOS:000319498000029 PM 22640865 ER PT J AU Skedros, JG Knight, AN Clark, GC Crowder, CM Dominguez, VM Qiu, SJ Mulhern, DM Donahue, SW Busse, B Hulsey, BI Zedda, M Sorenson, SM AF Skedros, John G. Knight, Alex N. Clark, Gunnar C. Crowder, Christian M. Dominguez, Victoria M. Qiu, Shijing Mulhern, Dawn M. Donahue, Seth W. Busse, Bjoern Hulsey, Brannon I. Zedda, Marco Sorenson, Scott M. TI Scaling of Haversian canal surface area to secondary osteon bone volume in ribs and limb bones SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bone remodeling; bone adaptation; bone metabolism; calcium exchange AB Studies of secondary osteons in ribs have provided a great deal of what is known about remodeling dynamics. Compared with limb bones, ribs are metabolically more active and sensitive to hormonal changes, and receive frequent low-strain loading. Optimization for calcium exchange in rib osteons might be achieved without incurring a significant reduction in safety factor by disproportionally increasing central canal size with increased osteon size (positive allometry). By contrast, greater mechanical loads on limb bones might favor reducing deleterious consequences of intracortical porosity by decreasing osteon canal size with increased osteon size (negative allometry). Evidence of this metabolic/mechanical dichotomy between ribs and limb bones was sought by examining relationships between Haversian canal surface area (BS, osteon Haversian canal perimeter, HC.Pm) and bone volume (BV, osteonal wall area, B.Ar) in a broad size range of mature (quiescent) osteons from adult human limb bones and ribs (modern and medieval) and various adult and subadult non-human limb bones and ribs. Reduced major axis (RMA) and least-squares (LS) regressions of HC.Pm/B.Ar data show that rib and limb osteons cannot be distinguished by dimensional allometry of these parameters. Although four of the five rib groups showed positive allometry in terms of the RMA slopes, nearly 50% of the adult limb bone groups also showed positive allometry when negative allometry was expected. Consequently, our results fail to provide clear evidence that BS/BV scaling reflects a rib versus limb bone dichotomy whereby calcium exchange might be preferentially enhanced in rib osteons. Am J Phys Anthropol 151:230244, 2013. (c) 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Skedros, John G.; Knight, Alex N.; Clark, Gunnar C.; Sorenson, Scott M.] Bone & Joint Res Lab, Dept Vet Affairs, Med Ctr, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Crowder, Christian M.] Armed Forces Med Examiner Syst, Off Armed Forces Med Examiner, Dover Afb, DE USA. [Dominguez, Victoria M.] Ohio State Univ, Div Anat, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Qiu, Shijing] Henry Ford Hosp, Bone & Mineral Res Lab, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. [Mulhern, Dawn M.] Ft Lewis Coll, Dept Anthropol, Durango, CO 81301 USA. [Donahue, Seth W.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Busse, Bjoern] Univ Med Ctr Hamburg Eppendorf, Dept Osteol & Biomech IOBM, Hamburg, Germany. [Hulsey, Brannon I.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Anthropol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Zedda, Marco] Univ Sassari, Dept Anim Biol, I-07100 Sassari, Italy. RP Skedros, JG (reprint author), 5323 South Woodrow St,Suite 200, Salt Lake City, UT 84107 USA. EM jskedrosmd@uosmd.com RI Busse, Bjorn/O-8462-2016; OI Busse, Bjorn/0000-0002-3099-8073; Knight, Alex/0000-0002-6969-5395; Zedda, Marco/0000-0003-2347-9264 FU U.S.A. Department of Veterans Affairs medical research funds; NIH [DK43858, AR050420]; The Graduate School at the University of Colorado at Boulder; German Research Foundation (DFG)/University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf [BU 2562/2-1]; The University of Tennessee William M. Bass Endowment; Orthopaedic Research and Education Foundation (OREF) [01-024] FX Grant sponsors: U.S.A. Department of Veterans Affairs medical research funds and Orthopaedic Research and Education Foundation (OREF; medical research fund); Grant number: 01-024; Grant sponsor: NIH; Grant numbers: DK43858 and AR050420; Grant sponsor: The Graduate School at the University of Colorado at Boulder; Grant sponsor: The German Research Foundation (DFG)/University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Grant number: BU 2562/2-1; Grant sponsor: The University of Tennessee William M. Bass Endowment. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0002-9483 J9 AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL JI Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. PD JUN PY 2013 VL 151 IS 2 BP 230 EP 244 DI 10.1002/ajpa.22270 PG 15 WC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology SC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology GA 147GX UT WOS:000319155600006 PM 23633395 ER PT J AU Misak, HE Sabelkin, V Mall, S Kladitis, PE AF Misak, H. E. Sabelkin, V. Mall, S. Kladitis, P. E. TI Thermal fatigue and hypothermal atomic oxygen exposure behavior of carbon nanotube wire SO CARBON LA English DT Article ID HYPERTHERMAL O(P-3); YARNS; GRAPHITE; SPUN; TEMPERATURE; POLYMERS; FIBERS AB In low earth orbit (LEO), components of space systems are exposed to damaging hypothermal atomic oxygen and thermal fatigue. Carbon nanotube (CNT) wires are candidate materials for different applications in space systems. Thirty-yarn CNT wire's behavior was evaluated when exposed to hypothermal atomic oxygen and thermal fatigue. CNT wire specimens were exposed to a nominal fluence of hypotherrnal atomic oxygen of 2 x 10(20) - atoms/cm(2). The erosion rate due to hypothermal collision between atomic oxygen and CNT wires was calculated to be 2.64 x 10(-25) cm(3)/atom, which is comparable to highly ordered pyrolytic graphite. The tensile strength of CNT wire was not affected by this exposure, and a minor reduction of electrical conductivity (2.5%) was found. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis showed erosion of surface layer with depleted carbon and increased oxygen. Thermal fatigue excursion of 5000 cycles from 70 to -50 degrees C at a rate of 55 degrees C/min showed no loss in tensile strength; however a large decrease in conductivity (18%) was seen. SEM analysis showed that the thermal fatigue created buckling of yarn and fracture of individual CNTs bundles. These reduced the effective area and electrical conductivity of CNT wire. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Misak, H. E.; Sabelkin, V.; Mall, S.; Kladitis, P. E.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mall, S (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Shankar.Mall@afit.edu NR 25 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 39 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 EI 1873-3891 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PD JUN PY 2013 VL 57 BP 42 EP 49 DI 10.1016/j.carbon.2013.01.028 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 145PT UT WOS:000319030000005 ER PT J AU Muratore, C Reed, AN Bultman, JE Ganguli, S Cola, BA Voevodin, AA AF Muratore, C. Reed, A. N. Bultman, J. E. Ganguli, S. Cola, B. A. Voevodin, A. A. TI Nanoparticle decoration of carbon nanotubes by sputtering SO CARBON LA English DT Article ID NUCLEATION AB Vapor phase growth of gold, nickel and titanium metal nanoparticles on multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) buckypaper by sputtering was investigated. The size and distribution of nanoparticles was dependent on the intrinsic binding energy of the metal elements, but could be altered to mimic that of metals with different binding energies by in situ modification of the MWCNT surfaces by energetic metal ions or annealing of the buckypaper. A range of average gold particle diameters from approximately 5-30 nm could be produced depending on the intrinsic sputter process parameters (especially metal ion flux and kinetic energy) and defect density of the MWCNT surfaces, which could also be controlled by annealing prior to sputtering. The diameter of the MWCNTs had a significant influence on the geometry of the nanoparticles. Particles were elongated along the nanotube axis for tube diameters <30 nm. Remarkably strong alignment of the particles along the nanotube axis was observed, especially for MWCNTs with higher defect densities. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Muratore, C.] Univ Dayton, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Muratore, C.; Reed, A. N.; Bultman, J. E.; Ganguli, S.; Voevodin, A. A.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Thermal Sci & Mat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Bultman, J. E.; Ganguli, S.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Cola, B. A.] Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Cola, B. A.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Muratore, C (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM cmuratore1@udayton.edu RI Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013; Cola, Baratunde/N-1903-2013 OI Cola, Baratunde/0000-0003-1268-9573 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA8650-09-D-5307]; Air Force Research Laboratory Summer Faculty Program FX The authors would like to thank the Air Force Office of Scientific Research for funding this work under the Low Density Materials Program, Project #FA8650-09-D-5307. B.C. was supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory Summer Faculty Program. C.M. is also grateful for insightful discussions with John Taphouse, Tom Bougher, Michael Check, Shawn Putnam, John Ferguson, Tim S. Fisher, and Ajit Roy. NR 26 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 43 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PD JUN PY 2013 VL 57 BP 274 EP 281 DI 10.1016/j.carbon.2013.01.074 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 145PT UT WOS:000319030000031 ER PT J AU Hwang, JY Lim, BK Tiley, J Banerjee, R Hong, SH AF Hwang, J. Y. Lim, B. K. Tiley, J. Banerjee, R. Hong, S. H. TI Interface analysis of ultra-high strength carbon nanotube/nickel composites processed by molecular level mixing SO CARBON LA English DT Article ID METAL-MATRIX NANOCOMPOSITES; ALUMINUM; BEHAVIOR AB Carbon nanotube (CNT) reinforced nickel matrix (CNT/Ni) composites exhibiting a yield strength (YS) of 710 MPa, about 3.7 times higher than monolithic nickel, have been processed by a molecular-level mixing process followed by spark plasma sintering (SPS). The enormous strength increase in these composites can be attributed to a homogeneous distribution of nanotubes in the nickel matrix coupled with the formation of well-bonded, high strength, contaminant-free nanotube/nickel interfaces, as revealed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Such interfaces can effectively transfer load between nanotubes and nickel matrix in the CNT/Ni composites. (C) 2013 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Hwang, J. Y.] Korea Inst Sci & Technol, Carbon Convergence Mat Res Ctr, Jeonbuk 565905, South Korea. [Lim, B. K.; Hong, S. H.] Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Taejon 305701, South Korea. [Tiley, J.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Banerjee, R.] Univ N Texas, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Denton, TX 76203 USA. RP Hong, SH (reprint author), Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Taejon 305701, South Korea. EM shhong@kaist.ac.kr RI Hong, Soon Hyung/C-1943-2011 FU 'Center for Nanostructured Materials Technology' under '21st Century Frontier R&D Programs' of the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology [10K1501-00510]; Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Institutional Program in Republic of Korea; AOARD [FA2386-11-1-4008]; U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL ISES) [FA8650-08-C-5226] FX This work was financially supported by a grant (code #:10K1501-00510) from 'Center for Nanostructured Materials Technology' under '21st Century Frontier R&D Programs' of the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology and the Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Institutional Program in Republic of Korea. It was also supported by a grant (code No. FA2386-11-1-4008) from AOARD and partially supported by U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL ISES Contract No. FA8650-08-C-5226). NR 19 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 53 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PD JUN PY 2013 VL 57 BP 282 EP 287 DI 10.1016/j.carbon.2013.01.075 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 145PT UT WOS:000319030000032 ER PT J AU Pierce, BT Burke, JL Brunke, LB Bullard, TJ Vier, DC Haugan, TJ AF Pierce, Benjamin T. Burke, Jack L. Brunke, Lyle B. Bullard, Thomas J. Vier, David C. Haugan, Timothy J. TI Search for Superconductivity in Doped Amorphous Carbon Thin Films SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Amorphous; carbon; doping; ion implantation; superconducting materials ID ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; DIAMOND; TEMPERATURE; GRAPHITE AB In this paper, we have searched for superconductivity by measuring ohmic resistivity as a function of temperature in amorphous carbon films deposited by pulsed laser deposition and doped by ion implantation with sulfur and phosphorus ions. The doping concentrations were varied from 0.0003 to 4 Vol% for sulfur and 0.0003 to 1 Vol% for phosphorus. Previous efforts have studied doping of carbon-family materials such as highly oriented pyrolytic graphite, diamond-like carbon, and graphite/graphene, which have yielded critical temperatures lower than 20 K. In this study, amorphous carbon films doped with 2.55 x 10(12) ions/cm(2) phosphorus concentration showed a distinct change from semiconducting to metallic behavior and a dramatic 10 000-fold decrease in resistivity below 100 K as compared to undoped films. Sulfur-doped films with 2.55 x 10(12) ions/cm(2) concentration showed up to a 100-fold decrease in resistivity below 100 K as compared to undoped samples. While evidence of superconductivity was not observed, significant improvements in conductivity were noted below 100 K. C1 [Pierce, Benjamin T.; Haugan, Timothy J.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Burke, Jack L.; Brunke, Lyle B.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Bullard, Thomas J.] USAF, Res Lab, UES Conjunct, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Vier, David C.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Pierce, BT (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM benjamin.pierce@wpafb.af.mil; jack.burke@wpafb.af.mil; lyle.brunke.ctr@wpafb.af.mil; thomas.bullard@wpafb.af.mil; dvier@ucsd.edu; timothy.haugan@wpafb.af.mil FU U.S. Department of Defense through the Air Force Research Laboratory Propulsion Directorate FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Defense through the Air Force Research Laboratory Propulsion Directorate. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 60 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2013 VL 23 IS 3 AR 7000205 DI 10.1109/TASC.2013.2238572 PN 3 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 145EK UT WOS:000318997100038 ER PT J AU Choi, S Heller, ER Dorsey, D Vetury, R Graham, S AF Choi, Sukwon Heller, Eric R. Dorsey, Donald Vetury, Ramakrishna Graham, Samuel TI Thermometry of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs Using Multispectral Raman Features SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article DE Gallium nitride; HEMTs; Raman scattering; temperature measurement ID THERMAL-BOUNDARY RESISTANCE; ELASTIC-CONSTANTS; SILICON-CARBIDE; GALLIUM NITRIDE; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; THIN-FILMS; EXPANSION; CONDUCTIVITY; SCATTERING AB In this paper, we utilize micro-Raman spectroscopy to measure temperature and stress in state-of-the-art AlGaN/GaN HEMTs. A rigorous discussion on the physical accuracy, precision, and precautions for diverse Raman thermometry methods is developed. Thermometry techniques utilizing shifts in a single Raman Stokes peak position underpredict the channel temperature due to induction of operational thermoelastic stress in operating devices. Utilizing the change in phonon linewidth by employing a proper reference condition gives true temperature results. Making use of frequency shifts in both the E-2(high) and A(1)(LO) phonon modes offers accurate and time-efficient means to determine the state of temperature and thermal stress in operating AlGaN/GaN HEMTs presuming that linear relations between phonon frequencies and temperature/stress are well determined. Useful applications of this method such as monitoring stress in GaN wafers between fabrication steps and Raman thermography on AlGaN/GaN HEMTs are demonstrated. C1 [Choi, Sukwon; Graham, Samuel] Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Heller, Eric R.; Dorsey, Donald] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Vetury, Ramakrishna] RFMD, Power Broadband Business Unit, Charlotte, NC 28269 USA. RP Choi, S (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM sukwon.choi@gatech.edu; rvetury@rfmd.com; sgraham@gatech.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory High-Reliability Electronics Virtual Center Team FX This work was supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory High-Reliability Electronics Virtual Center Team. The review of this paper was arranged by Editor R. Venkatasubramanian. NR 33 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 28 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9383 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD JUN PY 2013 VL 60 IS 6 BP 1898 EP 1904 DI 10.1109/TED.2013.2255102 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 149XU UT WOS:000319355500015 ER PT J AU Parks, HV Tang, YH Reese, P Gust, J Novak, JJ AF Parks, Harold V. Tang, Yi-hua Reese, Paul Gust, Jeff Novak, James J. TI The North American Josephson Voltage Interlaboratory Comparison SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article DE Interlaboratory comparison (ILC); Josephson voltage standards (JVSs); measurement standards; uncertainty; voltage measurement ID STANDARDS; DC AB The ninth North American Josephson voltage standard (JVS) interlaboratory comparison (ILC) at 10 V was completed in 2011. An on-site comparison was conducted between the National Institute of Standards and Technology compact JVS and the pivot laboratory system. A set of four traveling Zener voltage standards was then shipped from the pivot laboratory to the other participants. We give the results from the 2011 ILC and review recent comparisons which have used the same traveling standards and similar procedures. C1 [Parks, Harold V.; Novak, James J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Tang, Yi-hua] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Reese, Paul] Bionetics Corp, Patrick AFB, FL 32925 USA. [Gust, Jeff] Fluke Corp, Everett, WA 98206 USA. RP Parks, HV (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM hvparks@sandia.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX The authors would like to thank Fluke Calibration for providing the four traveling Zener voltage standards as well as High Precision Devices Inc. for the reversing switches. Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD JUN PY 2013 VL 62 IS 6 BP 1608 EP 1614 DI 10.1109/TIM.2013.2238014 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 145HT UT WOS:000319006800036 ER PT J AU Chong, XY Jiang, NB Zhang, ZL Roy, S Gord, JR AF Chong, Xinyuan Jiang, Naibo Zhang, Zhili Roy, Sukesh Gord, James R. TI Plasmonic resonance-enhanced local photothermal energy deposition by aluminum nanoparticles SO JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Aluminum nanoparticles; Photothermal; Plasmonics; Reactivity; Energy deposition ID DISCRETE-DIPOLE APPROXIMATION; RAMAN-SCATTERING; OPTICAL PROPERTIES; ABSORPTION; COMBUSTION; REFRACTION; MODEL; SIZE AB Local energy deposition of aluminum nanoparticles (Al NPs) by localized surface plasmon resonance-enhanced photothermal effects is demonstrated. Low-power light stimuli are efficiently and locally concentrated to trigger the oxidation reactions of Al NPs because of the large ohmic absorption and high reactivity of the Al. Numerical simulations show that both ultraviolet and visible light are more efficient than infrared light for photothermal energy coupling. The natural oxidation layer of alumina is found to have minimum impact on the energy deposition because of its negligible dielectric losses. The near-field distributions of the electric field indicate that slight aggregation induces much higher local enhancement, especially at the interface region of multiple contacting nanoparticles. C1 [Chong, Xinyuan; Zhang, Zhili] Univ Tennessee, Mech Aerosp & Biomed Engn Dept, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Jiang, Naibo; Roy, Sukesh] Spectral Energies LLC, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Gord, James R.] USAF, Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Zhang, ZL (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Mech Aerosp & Biomed Engn Dept, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM zzhang24@utk.edu RI Zhang, Zhili/F-1305-2010 OI Zhang, Zhili/0000-0002-0831-0471 FU NSF [CBET-1032523]; Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-12-C-2200]; ASEE Air Force Summer Faculty Fellowship FX We acknowledge encouragement and support from AFOSR program officer Dr. Chiping Li. The work at the University of Tennessee Knoxville was also supported by NSF CBET-1032523. Funding is also provided by the Air Force Research Laboratory under Contract No. FA8650-12-C-2200. Zhili Zhang was partially supported by an ASEE Air Force Summer Faculty Fellowship. This manuscript has been cleared for public release (No. 88ABW-2012-6209). NR 25 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 54 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-0764 J9 J NANOPART RES JI J. Nanopart. Res. PD JUN PY 2013 VL 15 IS 6 AR 1678 DI 10.1007/s11051-013-1678-2 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 152FM UT WOS:000319516400012 ER PT J AU Gschwender, LJ Snyder, CE Sharma, SK Jenney, T Campo, A Roberts, MB Fultz, G AF Gschwender, Lois J. Snyder, Carl E., Jr. Sharma, Shashi K. Jenney, Tim Campo, Angela Roberts, Marcie B. Fultz, George TI Hydraulic System Component Storage with Military Hydraulic Fluids SO TRIBOLOGY & LUBRICATION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Hydraulic Fluid Pumps; Aircraft Hydraulic Systems; Operational Fluid AB In the military aerospace community, most hydraulic fluid pumps and components are currently being stored in rust inhibited fluids containing barium dinonylnaphthalene sulfonate (BSN). Fluids containing barium are hazardous waste after use, with expensive disposal, and have caused operational problems in aircraft hydraulic systems including helicopters and fighter aircraft. In this program, bearings and pistons were stored in jars containing both operational hydraulic fluids (MILPRF-83282, MIL-PRF-87257, and MIL-PRF-5606) and rust-inhibited hydraulic fluids containing BSN (MIL-PRF-46170 and MIL-PRF-6083). In addition, hydraulic pumps were filled with MIL-PRF-83282, MIL-PRF-87257, and MIL-PRF-46170. Hydraulic pumps were not filled with MIL-PRF-5606 or MIL-PRF-6083 because these hydraulic fluids are being phased out of military aerospace applications as operational and storage fluids, respectively. Jars, containing bearings and pistons, as well as hydraulic pumps, were stored for up to three years in a laboratory environment to determine if operational fluids would protect them from rusting during storage. After each year, the bearings, pistons, and pumps were inspected for corrosion. At the end of three years of storage, pumps were endurance tested using fresh operational fluid, MIL-PRF-83282. The bearings, pistons, and pumps showed no rusting for the duration of storage with either operational or storage fluids. The pumps stored with the operational fluids, MIL-PRF-83282 and MILPRF-87257, were in better condition than the pump stored with the rust-inhibited fluid. The operational hydraulic MILPRF-83282 and MIL-PRF-87257, provided excellent protection against rusting during storage. C1 [Gschwender, Lois J.; Snyder, Carl E., Jr.; Sharma, Shashi K.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Jenney, Tim; Campo, Angela; Roberts, Marcie B.; Fultz, George] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Gschwender, LJ (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU SOC TRIBOLOGISTS & LUBRICATION ENGINEERS PI PARK RIDGE PA 840 BUSSE HIGHWAY, PARK RIDGE, IL 60068 USA SN 1545-858X J9 TRIBOL LUBR TECHNOL JI Tribol. Lubr. Technol. PD JUN PY 2013 VL 69 IS 6 BP 50 EP + PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 147RU UT WOS:000319185500011 ER PT J AU Park, CH Kim, JH Yeom, JT Oh, CS Semiatin, SL Lee, CS AF Park, Chan Hee Kim, Jeoung Han Yeom, Jong-Taek Oh, Chang-Seok Semiatin, S. L. Lee, Chong Soo TI Formation of a submicrocrystalline structure in a two-phase titanium alloy without severe plastic deformation SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Thermomechanical processing; Titanium; Ultrafine grain; Recrystallization; Martensite ID LOW-TEMPERATURE SUPERPLASTICITY; TI-6AL-4V ALLOY; ENHANCED SUPERPLASTICITY; LAMELLAR MICROSTRUCTURE; DYNAMIC GLOBULARIZATION; HOT-WORKING; FLOW; TI-6AL-2SN-4ZR-2MO-0.1SI; SPHEROIDIZATION; BOUNDARY AB The formation of submicrocrystalline (SMC) Ti-6Al-4V was achieved by imposing a much lower strain (epsilon = 1.4) compared to that typically imposed during severe plastic deformation operations (i.e. 4 <= epsilon <= 8). Electron backscatter diffraction analysis revealed that the novel process was effective in promoting dynamic recrystallization and limiting alpha grain growth. The SMC sheet had much higher yield strength than usual (1134 MPa) and reasonable elongation (similar to 12%) at room temperature, and exhibited enhanced ductility at elevated temperatures. (C) 2013 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Park, Chan Hee; Kim, Jeoung Han; Yeom, Jong-Taek; Oh, Chang-Seok] Korea Inst Mat Sci, Light Met Div, Chang Won 642831, South Korea. [Semiatin, S. L.] USAF, Res Lab, AFRL RXLM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Lee, Chong Soo] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Grad Inst Ferrous Technol, Pohang 790784, South Korea. RP Park, CH (reprint author), Korea Inst Mat Sci, Light Met Div, Chang Won 642831, South Korea. EM chpark@kims.re.kr; cslee@postech.ac.kr RI Lee, Chong Soo/F-5814-2013; SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 FU Fundamental Research Program of the KIMS; Core Defense Industry Program of the Ministry of Knowledge and Economy, Republic of Korea [10043804] FX This research was supported by Grants from the Fundamental Research Program of the KIMS and the Core Defense Industry Program (10043804) of the Ministry of Knowledge and Economy, Republic of Korea. NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 31 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD JUN PY 2013 VL 68 IS 12 BP 996 EP 999 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2013.02.055 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 139LR UT WOS:000318584700022 ER PT J AU Chaney, AD Deckro, RF Moore, JT AF Chaney, A. D. Deckro, R. F. Moore, J. T. TI Scheduling reconstruction operations with modes of execution SO JOURNAL OF THE OPERATIONAL RESEARCH SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE military; multi-objective; project management; optimization; scheduling ID GENERALIZED PRECEDENCE RELATIONS; RESOURCE; ALGORITHM AB Since the decline of the Cold War, the risk of major conflict between powerful, industrialized nations has decreased. Insecurities in the 21st century are more apt to arise from the debris of imploding states. Such situations may require intervention-military or otherwise-by concerned states. To meet this new operational challenge, nations must adapt their planning procedures to account for Security, Stabilization, Transition, and Reconstruction Operations (SSTRO). This paper develops a project scheduling framework for post-conflict reconstruction that schedules reconstruction activities to maximize the positive impact to the local economy during the initial phase of SSTRO. Specifically, this paper builds on the Multimode Resource Constrained Project Scheduling Problem with Generalized Precedence Relations (MM-RCPSP-GPR) using goal programming to maximize the reconstruction operations' positive impact to local population's economic welfare. This MM-RCPSP-GPR variant is applied to a notional example to illustrate its potential use in post-conflict SSTRO. The basic framework can be extended to other settings. C1 [Chaney, A. D.; Deckro, R. F.; Moore, J. T.] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Deckro, RF (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Operat Sci, Future Operat Invest Lab,AFIT ENS, Bldg 641,2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM richard.deckro@afit.edu NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 18 PU PALGRAVE MACMILLAN LTD PI BASINGSTOKE PA BRUNEL RD BLDG, HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 0160-5682 J9 J OPER RES SOC JI J. Oper. Res. Soc. PD JUN PY 2013 VL 64 IS 6 BP 898 EP 911 DI 10.1057/jors.2012.83 PG 14 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 138PP UT WOS:000318521000010 ER PT J AU Jackson, ML Gunzelmann, G Whitney, P Hinson, JM Belenky, G Rabat, A Van Dongen, HPA AF Jackson, Melinda L. Gunzelmann, Glenn Whitney, Paul Hinson, John M. Belenky, Gregory Rabat, Arnaud Van Dongen, Hans P. A. TI Deconstructing and reconstructing cognitive performance in sleep deprivation SO SLEEP MEDICINE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Sleep loss; Fatigue; Sleepiness; Neurobehavioral performance; Task impurity; Cognitive processes; Brain activation; Diffusion model; Cognitive architecture; Local sleep ID IOWA GAMBLING TASK; SUSTAINED ATTENTION PERFORMANCE; VENTROMEDIAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX; PSYCHOMOTOR VIGILANCE TASK; ECONOMIC DECISION-MAKING; EXECUTIVE CONTROL; NEUROBEHAVIORAL PERFORMANCE; INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; SELECTIVE ATTENTION; MATHEMATICAL-MODEL AB Mitigation of cognitive impairment due to sleep deprivation in operational settings is critical for safety and productivity. Achievements in this area are hampered by limited knowledge about the effects of sleep loss on actual job tasks. Sleep deprivation has different effects on different cognitive performance tasks, but the mechanisms behind this task-specificity are poorly understood. In this context it is important to recognize that cognitive performance is not a unitary process, but involves a number of component processes. There is emerging evidence that these component processes are differentially affected by sleep loss. Experiments have been conducted to decompose sleep-deprived performance into underlying cognitive processes using cognitive-behavioral, neuroimaging and cognitive modeling techniques. Furthermore, computational modeling in cognitive architectures has been employed to simulate sleep-deprived cognitive performance on the basis of the constituent cognitive processes. These efforts are beginning to enable quantitative prediction of the effects of sleep deprivation across different task contexts. This paper reviews a rapidly evolving area of research, and outlines a theoretical framework in which the effects of sleep loss on cognition may be understood from the deficits in the underlying neurobiology to the applied consequences in real-world job tasks. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Jackson, Melinda L.; Belenky, Gregory; Van Dongen, Hans P. A.] Washington State Univ, Sleep & Performance Res Ctr, Spokane, WA 99210 USA. [Jackson, Melinda L.] Victoria Univ, Sch Social Sci & Psychol, Melbourne, Vic 8001, Australia. [Gunzelmann, Glenn] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Whitney, Paul; Hinson, John M.] Washington State Univ, Dept Psychol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Rabat, Arnaud] Mil Biomed Res Inst, Dept Operat Environm, Bretigny Sur Orge, France. RP Van Dongen, HPA (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Sleep & Performance Res Ctr, 702 South Campus Facil,POB 1495, Spokane, WA 99210 USA. EM melinda.jackson@vu.edu.au; glenn.gunzelmann@wpafb.af.mil; pwhitney@wsu.edu; hinson@wsu.edu; belenky@wsu.edu; rabat.arnaud@gmail.com; hvd@wsu.edu OI Jackson, Melinda/0000-0003-4976-8101; Whitney, Paul/0000-0003-1973-5261 FU AFOSR [FA9550-09-1-0242, 09RH06COR, 10RH04COR, FA9550-09-1-0136]; NIH [HL105768, CA167691]; TRB through Battelle Memorial Institute [SHRP R-03] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR), and especially Dr. Willard Larkin, for their vision and sponsorship of the workshop "Components of Cognition and Fatigue" held at the Sleep and Performance Research Center of Washington State University (Spokane, WA, USA) on June 5, 2009. This workshop was funded by AFOSR award FA9550-09-1-0242 (Van Dongen), and inspired a number of research projects motivating the present review paper.; We thank Dr. James Krueger for his key contributions to theory development, and Dr. Michael Chee for his help with an earlier draft of the paper. Research supported by NIH grants HL105768 (Jackson) and CA167691 (Hinson), TRB contract SHRP R-03 through Battelle Memorial Institute (Van Dongen), and AFOSR grants 09RH06COR and 10RH04COR (Gunzelmann) and FA9550-09-1-0136 (Van Dongen). NR 116 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 12 U2 84 PU W B SAUNDERS CO LTD PI LONDON PA 32 JAMESTOWN RD, LONDON NW1 7BY, ENGLAND SN 1087-0792 J9 SLEEP MED REV JI Sleep Med. Rev. PD JUN PY 2013 VL 17 IS 3 BP 215 EP 225 DI 10.1016/j.smrv.2012.06.007 PG 11 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 135XM UT WOS:000318324000007 PM 22884948 ER PT J AU Peck, JJ AF Peck, Joshua J. TI Status, health, and lifestyle in Middle Iron Age Britain: A bioarcheological study of elites and non-elites from East Yorkshire, Northern England SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PALEOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Iron Age Britain; East Yorkshire; Arras culture; Social status; Social inequality; Health and well-being ID SOCIAL-STATUS; POROTIC HYPEROSTOSIS; DENTAL-HEALTH; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; NUTRITIONAL-STATUS; CRIBRA-ORBITALIA; EPIPHYSEAL UNION; SUTURE CLOSURE; UNITED-STATES; BONE-GROWTH AB The development of socially-ranked societies has been associated with disparities in human health in a variety of settings. The unique context of the Arras culture of East Yorkshire, Northern England, provides an excellent opportunity to explore how health and well-being may have varied in relation to social factors in Iron Age Britain. Bioarcheological data were collected from two Middle Iron Age (400-100 BC) cemeteries, Rudston (N = 164) and Burton Fleming (N = 56), from the East Yorkshire region of Britain. Social status was inferred from orientational cosmology, animal symbolism, and grave goods. Results indicate a significant difference in hypoplastic lesions, with a higher frequency observed in non-elite individuals, whereas the prevalence of cribra orbitalia and periostitis do not differ between the groups. The similar degree of dental wear as well as the similar frequency of carious lesions and dental abscesses suggests a common dietary pattern, despite a significantly higher prevalence of antemortem tooth loss among the elite. The prevalence of degenerative joint disease and trauma indicate non-elites may have participated more frequently in labor-intensive and hazardous farming activities. These data suggest that although social ranking may not have been marked, inequalities were likely present, resulting in disparities in health. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Peck, Joshua J.] Cent Identificat Lab, JPAC, Hickam AFB, HI 96853 USA. RP Peck, JJ (reprint author), Cent Identificat Lab, Joint POW MIA Accounting Command, 310 Worchester Ave,Bldg 45, Hickam AFB, HI 96853 USA. EM joshua.james.peck@gmail.com NR 126 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1879-9817 EI 1879-9825 J9 INT J PALEOPATHOL JI Int. J. Paleopathol. PD JUN PY 2013 VL 3 IS 2 BP 83 EP 94 DI 10.1016/j.ijpp.2013.03.005 PG 12 WC Paleontology; Pathology SC Paleontology; Pathology GA AT2PG UT WOS:000344776100002 ER PT J AU Sawyer, GA Anderson, BC Paller, D Heard, WMR Fadale, PD AF Sawyer, Gregory A. Anderson, Brett C. Paller, David Heard, Wendell Malcolm Rogan Fadale, Paul D. TI Effect of Interference Screw Fixation on ACL Graft Tensile Strength SO JOURNAL OF KNEE SURGERY LA English DT Article DE anterior cruciate ligament; reconstruction; laceration; interference screw ID ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT; HAMSTRING TENDON GRAFT; INSERTION TORQUE; PULL-OUT; RECONSTRUCTION; BONE; AUTOGRAFT; STABILITY; HARVEST; INJURY AB Tibial-sided fixation of soft tissue grafts in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction has often been identified as the weak link in the fixation construct, with interference screws being a commonly used technique. A significant concern surrounding the use of interference screws for soft tissue fixation is graft laceration and the possibility of loss of pull-out strength and slippage. The act of interference screw insertion for soft tissue graft fixation in ACL reconstruction alters the biomechanical properties of the graft. Two groups of 12 porcine knees (24 total) were utilized for the tibial-sided fixation of porcine flexor digitorum tendons using single-insertion interference screws, in a model of soft tissue ACL reconstruction. Two different screw types were used for comparison. Following screw insertion, the grafts were dissected free and underwent biomechanical testing in tension to failure. Control flexor digitorum tendons underwent the same biomechanical testing for comparison. Control soft tissue grafts exhibited significantly higher yield load, ultimate load, and stiffness (p < 0.001) in comparison to both groups of treated grafts, without evidence of significant macroscopic damage. Single insertion of interference screws for soft tissue graft fixation in ACL reconstruction weakens the biomechanical properties of the graft itself. C1 [Sawyer, Gregory A.; Paller, David; Fadale, Paul D.] Rhode Isl Hosp, Brown Med Sch, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Providence, RI 02903 USA. [Anderson, Brett C.] US Air Force Acad, Dept Orthopaed Surg & Sports Med, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Heard, Wendell Malcolm Rogan] Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg & Sports Med, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. RP Sawyer, GA (reprint author), Rhode Isl Hosp, Brown Med Sch, Dept Orthopaed Surg, 593 Eddy St Providence, Providence, RI 02903 USA. EM gregory_sawyer@brown.edu FU Stryker Joint Preservation FX This study was conducted using an unrestricted educational grant from Stryker Joint Preservation, which also donated screws and instrumentation. NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 1538-8506 EI 1938-2480 J9 J KNEE SURG JI J. Knee Surg. PD JUN PY 2013 VL 26 IS 3 BP 155 EP 159 DI 10.1055/s-0032-1324808 PG 5 WC Orthopedics SC Orthopedics GA AW9NL UT WOS:000346584300003 PM 23288751 ER PT J AU Brausch, JC Heider, NS Mattis, R AF Brausch, John C. Heider, Nicholas S. Mattis, Rachel TI Ultraviolet-A Lamp Technologies for Nondestructive Testing: The Challenges and a Path Forward SO MATERIALS EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE ultraviolet-A; fluorescent penetrant; magnetic particle AB Two common nondestructive testing (NDT) techniques, fluorescent penetrant inspection (FPI) and fluorescent magnetic particle inspection (FMPI), use fluorophores to enhance and detect indications of surface or near-surface discontinuities in aircraft structure and engine components. Both techniques require ultraviolet-A (UVA) radiation to excite the fluorophores within the penetrant and magnetic particle materials and generate high contrast indications of discontinuities when the component is tested in a darkened, low ambient light environment. Historically, portable mercur-vapor (Hg) lamps have been used to perform these inspections. These lamps are filtered to emit a narrow band of UVA radiation with a peak at 365 nm, considered optimum to excite the fluorescent fluorophores. However, these lamps have significant drawbacks: they have a high operating temperature and long warm-up times, are generally large and bulky, and require 110 V alternating current power to operate. New lamp technologies have been introduced to the NDT market, including micro-gas discharge (MGD) bulbs and light-emitting diodes (LEDs). These technologies address many of the shortcomings of Hg technology as they can operate on battery power, are much more portable, have a relatively low operating temperature and have a very short warm-up period. However, many of these lamps emit very high UVA intensities and much broader spectral emissions compared to Hg lamps. Furthermore, these emission characteristics can result in significantly higher levels of veiling glare compared to traditional Hg lamps. Guidance for control and application of these UVA lamp technologies does not fully exist within the industry. This paper explores and compares the typical emission characteristics of Hg, MGD and UVA LED lamps, evaluates the emission characteristics that result in veiling glare, and considers projected beam profiles that support an effective visual search pattern. Finally, the functional and performance characteristics that should be controlled for UVA lamps used in aerospace inspection applications are proposed. C1 [Brausch, John C.; Heider, Nicholas S.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Mattis, Rachel] Aeronaut Syst Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Brausch, JC (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC NONDESTRUCTIVE TEST PI COLUMBUS PA 1711 ARLINGATE LANE PO BOX 28518, COLUMBUS, OH 43228-0518 USA SN 0025-5327 J9 MATER EVAL JI Mater. Eval. PD JUN PY 2013 VL 71 IS 6 BP 768 EP 777 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA AR1GQ UT WOS:000343334100006 ER PT J AU Kels, MCG Kels, LH AF Kels, Maj Charles G. Kels, Lori H. TI Portability of Licensure and the Nation's Health Response SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 [Kels, Maj Charles G.] US Air Force Reserve, Judge Advocate Generals Corps, Dept Homeland Secur, Off Hlth Affairs, Robins AFB, GA 31098 USA. [Kels, Lori H.] George Washington Univ, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP Kels, MCG (reprint author), US Air Force Reserve, Judge Advocate Generals Corps, Dept Homeland Secur, Off Hlth Affairs, Robins AFB, GA 31098 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 EI 1930-613X J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUN PY 2013 VL 178 IS 6 BP XII EP XII PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA AN7TZ UT WOS:000340805200001 ER PT J AU Watjen, JI Bright, TJ Zhang, ZM Muratore, C Voevodin, AA AF Watjen, J. I. Bright, T. J. Zhang, Z. M. Muratore, C. Voevodin, A. A. TI Spectral radiative properties of tungsten thin films in the infrared SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE Dielectric function; Infrared; Radiative properties; Thin film; Tungsten ID BCC TRANSITION-METALS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; PHASE-TRANSFORMATION; BETA-TUNGSTEN; TEMPERATURE; SURFACE; STRESS; XRD; CR AB Tungsten is an important material for energy harvesting applications due to its high chemical and thermal stability; however, the difficulty in obtaining single-crystal films leads to a large variation in the optical properties. The present work focuses on the radiative and optical properties of thin tungsten films at wavelengths from 1 to 20 gm (wavenumbers from 10,000 to 500 cm(-1)), considering microstructural variations. Four films of a nominal thickness of 70 nm were deposited on silicon substrates using DC magnetron sputtering, and the effect of pre- and post-deposition treatments was investigated. Several analytical instruments were used to characterize the crystalline phases and microstructures, including X-ray diffraction, Rutherford backscattering, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The transmittance and reflectance of the film-substrate composites were measured at room temperature using a Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer. The dielectric function of each sample was obtained by fitting the measured radiative properties using the Drude-Lorentz dispersion model. The difference in the radiative properties between samples was analyzed and related to the crystalline phases and density. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Watjen, J. I.; Bright, T. J.; Zhang, Z. M.] Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Muratore, C.; Voevodin, A. A.] USAF, Thermal Sci & Mat Branch, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Zhang, ZM (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM zhuomin.zhang@me.gatech.edu RI Voevodin, Andrey/I-6684-2013 FU Air Force Research Laboratory Thermal Metamaterials Program; Department of Energy [DE-FG02-06ER46343] FX This work was sponsored by the Air Force Research Laboratory Thermal Metamaterials Program. Additional support was provided to J.I. Watjen and Z.M. Zhang from the Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-FG02-06ER46343. The authors would like to thank Larry Bridge of Ecopia Corp. for help with the Hall effect measurement, Dr. Brandon Howe and Prof. Ivan Petrov at UIUC for help with the RBS, as well as Dr. Liping Wang for help with the SEM. NR 50 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 25 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0017-9310 J9 INT J HEAT MASS TRAN JI Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. PD JUN PY 2013 VL 61 BP 106 EP 113 DI 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2013.01.063 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 135BE UT WOS:000318260200011 ER PT J AU Semiatin, SL McClary, KE Rollett, AD Roberts, CG Payton, EJ Zhang, F Gabb, TP AF Semiatin, S. L. McClary, K. E. Rollett, A. D. Roberts, C. G. Payton, E. J. Zhang, F. Gabb, T. P. TI Plastic Flow and Microstructure Evolution during Thermomechanical Processing of a PM Nickel-Base Superalloy SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ISOTHERMAL FORGING CONDITIONS; ABNORMAL GRAIN-GROWTH; DEFORMATION; COMPRESSION; ALLOYS AB Plastic flow and microstructure evolution during sub- and supersolvus forging and subsequent supersolvus heat treatment of the powder-metallurgy superalloy LSHR (low-solvus, high-refractory) were investigated to develop an understanding of methods that can be used to obtain a moderately coarse gamma grain size under well-controlled conditions. To this end, isothermal, hot compression tests were conducted over broad ranges of temperature [(1144 K to 1450 K) 871 A degrees C to 1177 A degrees C] and constant true strain rate (0.0005 to 10 s(-1)). At low temperatures, deformation was generally characterized by flow softening and dynamic recrystallization that led to a decrease in grain size. At high subsolvus temperatures and low strain rates, steady-state flow or flow hardening was observed. These latter behaviors were ascribed to superplastic deformation and microstructure evolution characterized by a constant grain size or concomitant dynamic grain growth, respectively. During supersolvus heat treatment following subsolvus deformation, increases in grain size whose magnitude was a function of the prior deformation conditions were noted. A transition in flow behavior from superplastic to nonsuperplastic and the development during forging at a high subsolvus temperature of a wide (possibly bi- or multimodal) gamma-grain-size distribution having some large grains led to a substantially coarser grain size during supersolvus annealing in comparison to that produced under all other forging conditions. C1 [Semiatin, S. L.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXCM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [McClary, K. E.] Wright State Univ, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Rollett, A. D.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Roberts, C. G.] Vallourec & Mannesmann USA Corp, Youngstown, OH 44510 USA. [Payton, E. J.] BAM Fed Inst Mat Res & Testing, D-12205 Berlin, Germany. [Zhang, F.] Computherm LLC, Madison, WI 53719 USA. [Gabb, T. P.] NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Semiatin, SL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXCM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Lee.Semiatin@wpafb.af.mil RI Rollett, Anthony/A-4096-2012; SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017; OI Rollett, Anthony/0000-0003-4445-2191; Payton, Eric/0000-0001-7478-9372 FU Air Force STW-21 Initiative [F33615-01-2-5225]; MRSEC at Carnegie Mellon University, NSF [DMR-0520425] FX This work was conducted as part of the in-house research of the Metals Branch of the Air Force Research Laboratory's Materials and Manufacturing Directorate. The support and encouragement of the Laboratory management are gratefully acknowledged. The assistance of P.N. Fagin and T. M. Brown in conducting the experiments and A. Shively, A. L. Pilchak, and A. A. Salem in segmenting EBSD/EDS data is greatly appreciated. Technical discussions with P. L. Martin (AFRL) and J. Gayda and J. Telesman (NASA GRC) are also much appreciated. Two of the authors (ADR and CGR) also acknowledge support from the Air Force STW-21 Initiative, Contract F33615-01-2-5225, and the MRSEC at Carnegie Mellon University, NSF Grant Number DMR-0520425. NR 34 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 5 U2 38 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD JUN PY 2013 VL 44A IS 6 BP 2778 EP 2798 DI 10.1007/s11661-013-1675-1 PG 21 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 130PI UT WOS:000317930200032 ER PT J AU Jha, SK John, R Larsen, JM AF Jha, Sushant K. John, Reji Larsen, James M. TI Incorporating small fatigue crack growth in probabilistic life prediction: Effect of stress ratio in Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-6Mo SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Article DE Small fatigue crack; Stress ratio; Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-6Mo; Life prediction ID HIGH-CYCLE-FATIGUE; BETA-TITANIUM ALLOY; LOAD RATIO; VARIABILITY BEHAVIOR; RESIDUAL-STRESSES; PROPAGATION; THRESHOLD; CLOSURE; TI-6AL-4V; MICROSTRUCTURE AB The effect of stress ratio on the statistical aspects of small fatigue crack growth behavior was studied in a duplex microstructure of Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-6Mo (Ti-6-2-4-6) at 260 degrees C with particular emphasis on incorporating small-crack data into probabilistic life prediction and the influence of stress ratio on probabilistic lifetime limits. A Focused Ion Beam (FIB) was used to machine micro-notches in test specimens, which served as crack-initiation sites and enabled the acquisition of multiple small-crack growth data sets from single experiment. Stress ratios of -0.5, 0.05, and 0.5 were employed, and small-crack growth was monitored by the acetate replication method. Qualitatively, change in the stress ratio produced almost negligible influence on the small-crack growth behavior when plotted as crack growth rate (da/dN) vs. applied stress intensity factor range (Delta K). A probabilistic method was employed to represent the variability in the small-crack growth behavior and the statistical differences with respect to stress ratio where a method of optimization of the small-crack growth model parameters, based on a minimization of the error between the predicted and the measured crack length vs. cycles (a vs. N) data, was used. In spite of qualitative similarity, differences in the statistical parameters of small-crack growth as a function of stress ratio were found to be significant in life prediction. The methods for representation and probabilistic treatment of small-crack data were also shown to be important factors in incorporation of the small-crack regime in probabilistic life prediction. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Jha, Sushant K.; John, Reji; Larsen, James M.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXCM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Jha, Sushant K.] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Jha, SK (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXCM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM sushant.jha@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [11RX01COR] FX This work was performed at the Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, AFRL/RXCM, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH. The financial support of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under the LRIR Task 11RX01COR, Dr. David Stargel, Program Manager, is gratefully acknowledged. The authors also acknowledge the valuable assistance of Mr. Eric Burba with the small-crack growth experiments. NR 49 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PD JUN PY 2013 VL 51 BP 83 EP 95 DI 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2013.01.008 PG 13 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 125PU UT WOS:000317554300010 ER PT J AU Mathews, MA Shook, NJ AF Mathews, Maureen A. Shook, Natalie J. TI Promoting or preventing thanks: Regulatory focus and its effect on gratitude and indebtedness SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY LA English DT Article DE Gratitude; Indebtedness; Regulatory focus; Approach-avoidance motivation; Social exchange ID INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; RESPONSES; SCALES AB Regulatory focus - prevention-focus or promotion-focus - plays a key role in how beneficiaries respond to benefits and benefactors. Two studies illustrated the link between promotion-focus and gratitude; as well as prevention-focus and indebtedness. In Study 1, promotion-focus measures positively correlated with gratitude, and prevention-focus measures correlated with indebtedness. In Study 2, regulatory focus was primed prior to an actual social exchange. Participants completed either promotion- or prevention-focus puzzles, and were then given free raffle tickets. The promotion-focus prime led to increased gratitude toward the benefactor. These findings suggest the important role of the beneficiary's motivation in social exchange, particularly for increasing sense of thankfulness. (c) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Mathews, Maureen A.] St Leo Univ, Dept Social Sci, Virginia Peninsula Ctr, Langley AFB, VA 23665 USA. [Shook, Natalie J.] W Virginia Univ, Dept Psychol, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Mathews, MA (reprint author), St Leo Univ, 450 Weyland Rd, Langley AFB, VA 23665 USA. EM maureen.mathews@saintleo.edu NR 22 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 26 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0092-6566 J9 J RES PERS JI J. Res. Pers. PD JUN PY 2013 VL 47 IS 3 BP 191 EP 195 DI 10.1016/j.jrp.2013.01.001 PG 5 WC Psychology, Social SC Psychology GA 127OS UT WOS:000317708900001 ER PT J AU Howell, TG Kuhnell, CP Reitz, TL Sukeshini, AM Singh, RN AF Howell, T. G. Kuhnell, C. P. Reitz, T. L. Sukeshini, A. M. Singh, R. N. TI A(2)MgMoO(6) (A = Sr,Ba) for use as sulfur tolerant anodes SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE Solid oxide fuel cells; Double perovskite; Sulfur tolerant anode; Sol-gel synthesis; Sr2MgMoO6; Ba2MgMoO6 ID OXIDE FUEL-CELL; PEROVSKITE-TYPE OXIDES; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; H2S; TEMPERATURE; STABILITIES AB The objective of this effort is to explore the substitution of the A-site in an A(2)MgMoO(6) perovskite with Sr and Ba to improve the sulfur tolerance of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). Perovskites have demonstrated superior sulfur tolerance but lack the high conductivity and catalytic activity of Ni/YSZ cermets. Sr2MgMoO6, a double perovskite, has been suggested as a material of interest because of its relatively high conductivity and catalytic potential. This study summarizes the synthesis of A(2)MgMoO(6) (A = Sr,Ba) through sol-gel methods. The conductivity of the two samples was measured from thin pressed disks. Electrochemical performance of the specimens was performed by pasting the material onto an LSGM disk and stability was measured in sulfurous H-2 (140 ppm H2S). Both SMMO and BMMO demonstrated superior stability when exposed to 140 ppm of H2S as compared to Ni/YSZ, but did exhibit performance degradations due to sulfur accumulation in the buffer layer. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Howell, T. G.; Kuhnell, C. P.; Reitz, T. L.] USAF, Res Labs, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Sukeshini, A. M.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Singh, R. N.] Oklahoma State Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Howell, TG (reprint author), USAF, Res Labs, Aerosp Syst Directorate, 1950 5th St Bldg 18, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM thomas.howell@wpafb.af.mil NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 95 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD JUN 1 PY 2013 VL 231 BP 279 EP 284 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.01.004 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 104ZZ UT WOS:000316036700035 ER PT J AU Herbranson, TJ Deckro, RF Chrissis, JW Hamill, J AF Herbranson, Travis J. Deckro, Richard F. Chrissis, James W. Hamill, Jonathan (Todd) TI Considering the isolation set problem SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Networks; Isolation Set Problem; Integer Program; Network Centric Warfare AB Given a network, G = [N,E] the Isolation Set Problem (ISP) finds the set of arcs, D c E, that when removed will separate a predefined set of r distinguished nodes [2]. This involves eliminating connections from a specific set of nodes to the rest of a network. In our increasingly interconnected network-centric world, this might be isolating various units from Headquarters; isolating a portion of a computer network to disrupt communications or to quarantine a virus or some other form of cyber attack; or isolating a cell or sub-group in a terrorist or "dark" network, for example. The research presented here reviews the ISP, addresses the totally unimodular character of the ISP, offers a node consolidation method, provides for the inclusion of nodes in the cut sets, and introduces resource constraints to the ISP. An example is presented to illustrate the approach. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Herbranson, Travis J.] USAF, HQ AFSPC A9AA, Peterson AFB, CO 80914 USA. [Deckro, Richard F.] USAF, Inst Technol, AFIT ENS, FOIL,Dept Operat Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Chrissis, James W.] USAF, Inst Technol, AFIT ENS, Dept Operat Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Hamill, Jonathan (Todd)] Community Coll AF, Maxwell Gunter AFB, AL 36114 USA. RP Deckro, RF (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, AFIT ENS, FOIL,Dept Operat Sci, Bldg 641,2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM richard.deckro@afit.edu NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-2217 J9 EUR J OPER RES JI Eur. J. Oper. Res. PD JUN 1 PY 2013 VL 227 IS 2 BP 268 EP 274 DI 10.1016/j.ejor.2012.11.016 PG 7 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 091WK UT WOS:000315080300004 ER PT J AU Levin, GA Murphy, J Haugan, TJ Souc, J Kovac, J Kovac, P AF Levin, G. A. Murphy, J. Haugan, T. J. Souc, J. Kovac, J. Kovac, P. TI AC Losses of Copper Stabilized Multifilament YBCO Coated Conductors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE AC loss; coated conductors; striated stabilizer ID SUPERCONDUCTING TAPES; FIELD AB We report the data on magnetization losses and critical current of multifilament copper stabilized coated conductors. Eight centimeters long samples of copper-stabilized YBa2Cu3O7-x (YBCO) coated conductors manufactured commercially were subdivided into superconducting filaments by near-IR laser micromachining. The width of the superconducting stripes was varied from 0.2 to 0.04 mm. Some of the samples were striated leaving superconducting bridges for current sharing between the filaments. The ac losses were measured at different sweep rates of the magnetic field up to 14 T/s. We will present the results for the hysteresis and coupling losses and discuss the means to reduce the coupling loss by changing the processing parameters of micromachining and by post-ablation treatment. C1 [Levin, G. A.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Murphy, J.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Haugan, T. J.] USAF, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Souc, J.; Kovac, J.; Kovac, P.] Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Elect Engn, Bratislava 84104, Slovakia. RP Levin, GA (reprint author), UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM George.levin.ctr@wpafb.af.mil; john.murphy.ctr@wpafb.af.mil; timothy.haugan@wpafb.af.mil; eleksouc@savba.sk; jan.kovac@savba.sk; pavol.kovac@savba.sk FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research; European Office of Aerospace Research and Development FX Manuscript received October 9, 2012; accepted December 3, 2012. Date of publication December 11, 2012; date of current version January 20, 2013. This work was supported by the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research and its European Office of Aerospace Research and Development. NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 36 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2013 VL 23 IS 3 AR 6600604 DI 10.1109/TASC.2012.2232337 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 081AJ UT WOS:000314286200022 ER PT J AU Wera, L Fagnard, JF Levin, GA Vanderheyden, B Vanderbemden, P AF Wera, L. Fagnard, J. F. Levin, G. A. Vanderheyden, B. Vanderbemden, P. TI Magnetic Shielding With YBCO Coated Conductors: Influence of the Geometry on Its Performances SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Magnetic shielding; YBCO coated conductors ID SUPERCONDUCTING TUBES AB A superconducting magnetic shield can be built as a stack of several sections of milled 2G coated conductors. Each section consists of a closed loop where persistent currents can flow and provide a strong attenuation of external dc magnetic fields. The purpose of the present work is to study experimentally several geometries of such magnetic shields made out of YBa2Cu3O7 (YBCO) coated conductors from SuperPower. Our aim is to investigate in detail the influence of the aspect ratio and the number of layers of the assembly on the magnetic shielding properties. In order to do so, the magnetic shield is subjected to an axial quasi-static ("dc") magnetic field ramped slowly at a fixed sweep rate. A Hall probe is used to measure the local magnetic induction inside the assembly as a function of the applied magnetic induction. Results show that the shielding factor, SF, (defined as the ratio between the applied magnetic induction and the magnetic induction measured inside the shield) is improved for increasing aspect ratios of the global coated conductor assembly and that the threshold magnetic induction (defined for SF = 10) increases with the number of layers. Using a double layer of 18 sections at T = 77 K, dc magnetic fields up to 56 mT can be shielded by a factor larger than 10. Finally, the effect of an air gap of constant width between coated conductor sections is also characterized. C1 [Wera, L.; Fagnard, J. F.; Vanderheyden, B.; Vanderbemden, P.] SUPRATECS, B-4000 Liege, Belgium. [Wera, L.; Fagnard, J. F.; Vanderheyden, B.; Vanderbemden, P.] Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci B28, B-4000 Liege, Belgium. [Levin, G. A.] USAF, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wera, L (reprint author), SUPRATECS, B-4000 Liege, Belgium. EM laurent.wera@ulg.ac.be; fagnard@montefiore.ulg.ac.be; george.levin@wpafb.af.mil; B.Vanderheyden@ulg.ac.be; Philippe.Vanderbemden@ulg.ac.be FU FNRS; University of Liege FX The authors thank the Royal Military Academy for the YBCO tapes and, FNRS and University of Liege for cryofluid, equipment and travel grants. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 15 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2013 VL 23 IS 3 AR 8200504 DI 10.1109/TASC.2012.2235514 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 081AJ UT WOS:000314286200068 ER PT J AU Fritsche, M Pandey, RB Farmer, BL Heermann, DW AF Fritsche, Miriam Pandey, Ras B. Farmer, Barry L. Heermann, Dieter W. TI Variation in Structure of a Protein (H2AX) with Knowledge-Based Interactions SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID QUASI-CHEMICAL APPROXIMATION; PAIR POTENTIALS; SIMULATION; PACKING; CORRECT AB The structure of a protein (H2AX) as a function of temperature is examined by three knowledge-based phenomenological interactions, MJ (Miyazawa and Jernigan), BT (Betancourt and Thirumalai), and BFKV (Bastolla et al.) to identify similarities and differences in results. Data from the BT and BFKV residue-residue interactions verify finding with the MJ interaction, i.e., the radius of gyration (R-g) of H2AX depends non-monotonically on temperature. The increase in R-g is followed by a decay on raising the temperature with a maximum at a characteristic value, T-c, which depends on the knowledge-based contact matrix, T-cBFKV <= T-cMJ <= T-cBT. The range (Delta T) of non-monotonic thermal response and its decay pattern with the temperature are sensitive to interaction. A rather narrow temperature range of Delta T-MJ approximate to 0.015-0.022 with the MJ interaction expands and shifts up to Delta T-BT approximate to 0.018-0.30 at higher temperatures with the BT interaction and shifts down with the BFKV interaction to Delta T-BFKV approximate to 0.011-0.018. The scaling of the structure factor with the wave vector reveals that the structure of the protein undergoes a transformation from a random coil at high temperature to a globular conformation at low temperatures. C1 [Fritsche, Miriam; Heermann, Dieter W.] Heidelberg Univ, Inst Theoret Phys, Heidelberg, Germany. [Pandey, Ras B.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Phys & Astron, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. [Farmer, Barry L.] AF Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Pandey, RB (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Dept Phys & Astron, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. EM ras.pandey@usm.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory FX This work is supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAY 31 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 5 AR e64507 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0064507 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 156DC UT WOS:000319799900045 PM 23741333 ER PT J AU Shuman, NS Miller, TM Viggiano, AA Troe, J AF Shuman, Nicholas S. Miller, Thomas M. Viggiano, Albert A. Troe, Juergen TI Electron attachment to CF3 and CF3Br at temperatures up to 890 K: Experimental test of the kinetic modeling approach SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID R-MATRIX METHOD; ION-MOLECULE REACTIONS; FLOWING AFTERGLOW; RATE COEFFICIENTS; MUTUAL NEUTRALIZATION; COLLISIONS; DEPENDENCE; RADICALS; FALP; RECOMBINATION AB Thermal rate constants and product branching fractions for electron attachment to CF3Br and the CF3 radical have been measured over the temperature range 300-890 K, the upper limit being restricted by thermal decomposition of CF3Br. Both measurements were made in Flowing Afterglow Langmuir Probe apparatuses; the CF3Br measurement was made using standard techniques, and the CF3 measurement using the Variable Electron and Neutral Density Attachment Mass Spectrometry technique. Attachment to CF3Br proceeds exclusively by the dissociative channel yielding Br-, with a rate constant increasing from 1.1 x 10(-8) cm(3) s(-1) at 300 K to 5.3 x 10(-8) cm(3) s(-1) at 890 K, somewhat lower than previous data at temperatures up to 777 K. CF3 attachment proceeds through competition between associative attachment yielding CF3- and dissociative attachment yielding F-. Prior data up to 600 K showed the rate constant monotonically increasing, with the partial rate constant of the dissociative channel following Arrhenius behavior; however, extrapolation of the data using a recently proposed kinetic modeling approach predicted the rate constant to turn over at higher temperatures, despite being only similar to 5% of the collision rate. The current data agree well with the previous kinetic modeling extrapolation, providing a demonstration of the predictive capabilities of the approach. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Shuman, Nicholas S.; Miller, Thomas M.; Viggiano, Albert A.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Troe, Juergen] Univ Gottingen, Inst Phys Chem, Gottingen, Germany. [Troe, Juergen] Max Planck Inst Biophys Chem, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. RP Viggiano, AA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM afrl.rvborgmailbox@kirtland.af.mil NR 44 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAY 28 PY 2013 VL 138 IS 20 AR 204316 DI 10.1063/1.4807606 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 160PH UT WOS:000320131100039 PM 23742484 ER PT J AU Shuman, NS Viggiano, AA Johnsen, R AF Shuman, Nicholas S. Viggiano, Albert A. Johnsen, Rainer TI Flowing afterglow measurements of the density dependence of gas-phase ion-ion mutual neutralization reactions SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID AMBIENT GAS; ELECTRON-ATTACHMENT; RECOMBINATION; COEFFICIENT; PLASMAS AB We have studied the dependence of several ion-ion mutual neutralization (MN) reactions on helium density in the range from 1.6 x 10(16) to 1.5 x 10(17) cm(-3) at 300 K, using the Variable Electron and Neutral Density Attachment Mass Spectrometry method. The rate coefficients of the reactions Ar+ + Br-2(-), Ar+ + SF6-, and Ar+ + C7F14- were found to be independent of gas density over the range studied, in disagreement with earlier observations that similar MN reactions are strongly enhanced at the same gas densities. The cause of the previous enhancement with density is traced to the use of "orbital-motion-limit" theory to infer ion densities from the currents collected by ion-attracting Langmuir probes in a region where it is not applicable. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Shuman, Nicholas S.; Viggiano, Albert A.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Johnsen, Rainer] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. RP Johnsen, R (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. EM rj@pitt.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [AFOSR-2303EP] FX N.S.S. and A. A. V. are grateful for the support of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research for this work under Project AFOSR-2303EP. NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAY 28 PY 2013 VL 138 IS 20 AR 204302 DI 10.1063/1.4803159 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 160PH UT WOS:000320131100025 PM 23742470 ER PT J AU Zhang, YB Ferguson, SA Watanabe, F Jones, Y Xu, Y Biris, AS Hussain, S Ali, SF AF Zhang, Yongbin Ferguson, Sherry A. Watanabe, Fumiya Jones, Yvonne Xu, Yang Biris, Alexandru S. Hussain, Saber Ali, Syed F. TI Silver Nanoparticles Decrease Body Weight and Locomotor Activity in Adult Male Rats SO SMALL LA English DT Article DE silver nanoparticles; behavioral activity; neurotoxicity; rats ID TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; ORAL TOXICITY; IN-VITRO; CELLS; CYTOTOXICITY; PERMEABILITY; GENOTOXICITY; NANOSILVER C1 [Zhang, Yongbin; Jones, Yvonne] US FDA, Nanotechnol Core Facil, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. [Ferguson, Sherry A.; Ali, Syed F.] US FDA, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. [Watanabe, Fumiya; Xu, Yang; Biris, Alexandru S.] Univ Arkansas, Nanotechnol Ctr, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. [Hussain, Saber] USAF, Appl Biotechnol Branch, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Zhang, YB (reprint author), US FDA, Nanotechnol Core Facil, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. EM yongbin.zhang@fda.hhs.gov; sherry.ferguson@fda.hhs.gov FU US Air Force Research Laboratory at the National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA (Jefferson, AR) FX This document has been reviewed in accordance with United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) policy and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the position or opinions of the FDA nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the FDA. This research was supported in part by an appointment to the Postgraduate Research Participation Program with the US Air Force Research Laboratory at the National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA (Jefferson, AR) administered by the Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Education (Oak Ridge, TN) through an interagency agreement between the US Department of Energy, US Air Force Research Laboratory/Applied Biotechnology Branch, and the US Food and Drug Administration. NR 26 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 16 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1613-6810 J9 SMALL JI Small PD MAY 27 PY 2013 VL 9 IS 9-10 SI SI BP 1715 EP 1720 DI 10.1002/smll.201201548 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 146FT UT WOS:000319076000026 PM 23335405 ER PT J AU Mehmood, F Pachter, R Lu, WJ Boeckl, JJ AF Mehmood, Faisal Pachter, Ruth Lu, Weijie Boeckl, John J. TI Adsorption and Diffusion of Oxygen on Single-Layer Graphene with Topological Defects SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID CARBON NANOTUBES; BASAL-PLANE; OXIDE; GRAPHITE; REDUCTION; MIGRATION; 1ST-PRINCIPLES; NANOPARTICLES; MECHANISMS; ENERGETICS AB In this work, effects of oxygen adsorption and diffusion on the stability, morphology, and charge transfer in single-layer graphene with structural point defects were investigated by density functional theory, specifically for the experimentally characterized monovacancy, double-vacancy, 555-777, 5555-6-7777, and Stone-Wales defects. The theoretical analysis demonstrated strengthened oxygen adsorption on defective graphene as compared to pristine graphene, resulting in trapping of the oxygen onto defects. This was accompanied by significant charge transfer of up to 3e, unlike for pristine graphene. At the same time, atomic oxygen diffuses at different rates dependent on the local environment, however with relatively low barriers (mostly <1 eV), lower than for pristine graphene, thus, revealing an interplay between diffusion and adsorption in this case. Addition of a nonempirical correction to the exchange-correlation functional to take into account London dispersion demonstrated that the vdW-DF PBE functional does not change the overall trend in adsorption, structure and diffusion pathways, but the predicted adsorption energies and activation energy barriers are lower. Interestingly, following incorporation of oxygen within defects, the morphology has shown deformation from planarity of the nanostructure, particularly with higher coverage. This could explain, in part, initiation of budding and possibly the early stage of a "tip"-like structure in carbon nanotube growth on SiC(0001) in the presence of oxygen, as has been observed experimentally. Overall, the calculations on the effects of oxygen or other moiety adsorption on defective graphene provided a quantified basis for engineering defects in single-layer graphene, which are difficult to characterize experimentally. C1 [Mehmood, Faisal; Pachter, Ruth; Lu, Weijie; Boeckl, John J.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Pachter, R (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM ruth.pachter@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research through a National Research Council (NRC) FX Support for this work was provided by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research through a National Research Council (NRC) postdoctoral fellowship. The Air Force Research Laboratory DoD Supercomputing Resource Center is acknowledged for providing computational resources and helpful support. NR 73 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 9 U2 88 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD MAY 23 PY 2013 VL 117 IS 20 BP 10366 EP 10374 DI 10.1021/jp312159v PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 154CP UT WOS:000319649400018 ER PT J AU Brant, AT Halliburton, LE Giles, NC Basun, SA Grabar, AA Evans, DR AF Brant, A. T. Halliburton, L. E. Giles, N. C. Basun, S. A. Grabar, A. A. Evans, D. R. TI Intrinsic small polarons (Sn3+ ions) in photorefractive Sn2P2S6 crystals SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID TIN HYPOTHIODIPHOSPHATE; SPECTROSCOPY; DEPENDENCE AB Unique holelike small polarons are produced at divalent cation sites by optical excitation at low temperature in single crystals of Sn2P2S6, a monoclinic ferroelectric and photorefractive material. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) is used to observe these self-trapped holes. During an illumination near 25 K with either 442 or 633 nm laser light, photoexcited holes become localized at Sn2+ (5s(2)) ions and form paramagnetic Sn3+ (5s(1)) ions. The Sn3+ ions are thermally stable below 50 K. The principal values of the g matrix are 2.0031, 2.0176, and 2.0273 and the principal values of the Sn-119 hyperfine matrix are 12.828, 12.886, and 13.060 GHz. The large interaction with the Sn-119 (and Sn-117) nucleus results in a highly asymmetric hyperfine pattern in the EPR spectrum. Weaker hyperfine interactions with two neighboring Sn ions are also observed. C1 [Brant, A. T.; Giles, N. C.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Halliburton, L. E.] W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Halliburton, L. E.; Basun, S. A.] Azimuth Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Basun, S. A.; Evans, D. R.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Grabar, A. A.] Uzhgorod Natl Univ, Inst Solid State Phys & Chem, UA-88000 Uzhgorod, Ukraine. RP Brant, AT (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Adam.Brant.ctr@afit.edu OI Grabar, Alexander/0000-0002-2551-7036 FU National Research Council at the Air Force Institute of Technology; European Office of Research and Development [P438] FX One of the authors (ATB) wishes to thank the National Research Council for the award of a Postdoctoral Fellowship at the Air Force Institute of Technology. Work at Uzhgorod National University was supported by the European Office of Research and Development (Project P438). NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 15 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD MAY 22 PY 2013 VL 25 IS 20 AR 205501 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/25/20/205501 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 139BI UT WOS:000318556100012 PM 23603564 ER PT J AU Johnson, EM Traver, KL Hoffman, SW Harrison, CR Herman, JP AF Johnson, Erica M. Traver, Kyle L. Hoffman, Stuart W. Harrison, Catherine R. Herman, James P. TI Environmental enrichment protects against functional deficits caused by traumatic brain injury SO FRONTIERS IN BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE environmental enrichment; traumatic brain injury; morris water maze; controlled cortical impact; sensory neglect ID EARLY-ONSET STIMULATION; ADULT-RAT; COGNITIVE FUNCTION; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; DENTATE GYRUS; RECOVERY; MICE; EXPRESSION; PLASTICITY; INCREASES AB Environmental enrichment (EE) increases cortical weight, neuronal density, dendritic branching, and angiogenesis, all of which may be critical for functional recovery following insult. Our study was designed to determine possible benefits of pre-exposure to EE in preventing functional deficits following traumatic brain injury (TBI) to the prefrontal cortex. To examine the benefit of EE, adult male rats were placed in an enriched environment for 15 days. Enrichment was provided through social interaction, exercise, olfactory stimulation, and new objects/toys to explore. Following enrichment, experimental and age-matched controls were subjected to a moderate medial prefrontal cortex injury via controlled cortical impact (CCI). After 1 week recovery, animals were behaviorally tested to assess memory, anxiety, and sensory neglect. Lesion-induced deficits in spatial memory [Morris water maze (MWM)] were significantly attenuated in EE pre-exposed rats 18-21 days following injury. In addition, TBI-induced sensory neglect was significantly reduced in EE rats relative to non-enriched animals. No differences in anxiety-like behavior on the elevated plus maze (EPM) were detected. The behavioral data suggest that EE is neuroprotective when applied prior to TBI, resulting in improved recovery following injury. C1 [Johnson, Erica M.; Herman, James P.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Psychiat & Behav Neurosci, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Johnson, Erica M.; Traver, Kyle L.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Hoffman, Stuart W.] US Dept Vet Affairs, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC USA. [Harrison, Catherine R.] FAA, Washington, DC USA. RP Johnson, EM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 711th Human Performance Wing,2510 5th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM erica.johnson.7@us.af.mil RI Herman, James/D-4960-2015 OI Herman, James/0000-0003-3571-2406 FU Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright Patterson Air Force Base; Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center FX This research was sponsored by the Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, and was funded in part by the Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center. The authors wish to thank Mr. Chuck Goodyear for his invaluable assistance with statistical analysis, the animal research support team for their excellent assistance with enrichment housing and behavioral testing and the University of Cincinnati Neuroscience graduate program for their generous support. NR 51 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 4 U2 19 PU FRONTIERS RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 110, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND SN 1662-5153 J9 FRONT BEHAV NEUROSCI JI Front. Behav. Neurosci. PD MAY 21 PY 2013 VL 7 AR 44 DI 10.3389/fnbeh.2013.00044 PG 7 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 148NV UT WOS:000319252700001 PM 23734108 ER PT J AU Dajani, I Vergien, C Robin, C Ward, B AF Dajani, Iyad Vergien, Christopher Robin, Craig Ward, Benjamin TI Investigations of single-frequency Raman fiber amplifiers operating at 1178 nm SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID LASER GUIDE STAR; STIMULATED-BRILLOUIN-SCATTERING AB We report on core-pumped single-stage and two-stage polarization-maintaining single-frequency Raman fiber amplifiers (RFAs). For a counter-pumped single-stage RFA, commercial-off-the shelf (COTS) single-mode fiber was utilized to generate 10 W of output power at 1178 nm through the application of a two-step thermal gradient in order to suppress SBS. The relatively high output can be explained by the Brillouin gain spectrum (BGS) of the COTS fiber. A pump-probe characterization of the BGS of the fiber provided a Brillouin gain coefficient of 1.2 x 10(-11) m/W with a FWHM of 78 MHz for the gain bandwidth. A fiber cutback study was also conducted to investigate the signal output at SBS threshold as a function of pump power for optimal length. This study revealed a linear dependence, which is in agreement with the theoretical prediction. Furthermore, we present numerical simulations indicating that substantial power scaling can be achieved by seeding at a higher power. Consequently, we constructed a two-stage RFA in order to achieve seed powers at the 1 W level. By utilizing an acoustically tailored fiber possessing a lower Brillouin gain coefficient than the COTS fiber and by seeding at higher powers, 22 W of single-frequency 1178 nm output was obtained from a counter-pumped two-stage RFA. Finally, we show that the single-frequency spectral bandwidth could not be maintained when a similar co-pumped two-stage RFA was utilized. (C) 2013 Optical Society of America C1 [Dajani, Iyad; Vergien, Christopher; Robin, Craig] USAF, Directed Energy Directorate, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Ward, Benjamin] USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Dajani, I (reprint author), USAF, Directed Energy Directorate, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM chris.vergien@gmail.com NR 18 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 12 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD MAY 20 PY 2013 VL 21 IS 10 BP 12038 EP 12052 DI 10.1364/OE.21.012038 PG 15 WC Optics SC Optics GA 149RU UT WOS:000319339600041 PM 23736425 ER PT J AU Ward, BG AF Ward, Benjamin G. TI Modeling of transient modal instability in fiber amplifiers SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID BEAM-PROPAGATION METHOD; POWER; QUALITY; ORIGIN AB A model of transient modal instability in fiber amplifiers is presented. This model combines an optical beam propagation method that incorporates laser gain through local solution of the rate equations and refractive index perturbations caused by the thermo-optic effect with a time-dependent thermal solver with a quantum defect heating source term. This model predicts modal instability a fiber amplifier operating at 241, 270, and 287 Watts of output power characterized by power coupling to unseeded modes, the presence of stable and unstable regions within the fiber, and rapid intensity variations along the fiber. The instability becomes more severe as the power is increased. (C) 2013 Optical Society of America C1 USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Ward, BG (reprint author), USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Ste 2A31, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM benjamin.ward.1@us.af.mil FU US Department of Defense High Energy Laser Joint Technology Office under the Multidisciplinary Research Initiative "Fiber Laser Light Engines" FX This work was made possible by a grant of computing time at the U S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center Department of Defense Supercomputing Resource Center from the U. S. Department of Defense High Performance Computing Modernization Program. This work was also supported by the US Department of Defense High Energy Laser Joint Technology Office under the Multidisciplinary Research Initiative "Fiber Laser Light Engines." The author would like to thank R. Andrew Motes for helpful discussions. The views expressed in this article are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy or position of the US government or the Department of Defense. Distribution A: Approved for public release, distribution unlimited. NR 17 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 7 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD MAY 20 PY 2013 VL 21 IS 10 BP 12053 EP 12067 DI 10.1364/OE.21.012053 PG 15 WC Optics SC Optics GA 149RU UT WOS:000319339600042 PM 23736426 ER PT J AU Lee, J Roy, AK Wohlwend, JL Varshney, V Ferguson, JB Mitchel, WC Farmer, BL AF Lee, Jonghoon Roy, Ajit K. Wohlwend, Jennifer L. Varshney, Vikas Ferguson, John B. Mitchel, William C. Farmer, Barry L. TI Scaling law for energy bandgap and effective electron mass in graphene nano mesh SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NANOPERFORATED GRAPHENE AB For the energy bandgap of semiconducting graphene nano mesh (GNM), chirality dependent scaling rules have been proposed so far. Based on extensive tight binding studies and simple geometric arguments, we report that Pedersen scaling governs not only the energy bandgap but also the effective mass of the Bloch electron of the semiconducting GNM regardless of its chirality or the crystallography of the mesh holes when the hole areal fraction is low. C1 [Lee, Jonghoon; Roy, Ajit K.; Wohlwend, Jennifer L.; Varshney, Vikas; Ferguson, John B.; Mitchel, William C.; Farmer, Barry L.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Lee, Jonghoon; Wohlwend, Jennifer L.; Varshney, Vikas] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Lee, J (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM jonghoon.lee@wpafb.af.mil FU US Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [2306AR8P] FX The authors are grateful to US Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR), Dr. Ali Sayir for the financial support of the Lab Task:2306AR8P, and Department of defence Supercomputing Resource Center (AFRL-DSRC) for computational time to carry out the simulations. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 32 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 20 PY 2013 VL 102 IS 20 AR 203107 DI 10.1063/1.4807426 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 167GK UT WOS:000320619300069 ER PT J AU Kahler, SW AF Kahler, S. W. TI DOES A SCALING LAW EXIST BETWEEN SOLAR ENERGETIC PARTICLE EVENTS AND SOLAR FLARES? SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE acceleration of particles; Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun: flares; Sun: particle emission ID SELF-ORGANIZED CRITICALITY; X-RAY FLARES; CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; RADIO-BURSTS; FREQUENCY-DISTRIBUTIONS; STATISTICAL RELATIONSHIP; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; SHOCK ACCELERATION; SUN AB Among many other natural processes, the size distributions of solar X-ray flares and solar energetic particle (SEP) events are scale-invariant power laws. The measured distributions of SEP events prove to be distinctly flatter, i.e., have smaller power-law slopes, than those of the flares. This has led to speculation that the two distributions are related through a scaling law, first suggested by Hudson, which implies a direct nonlinear physical connection between the processes producing the flares and those producing the SEP events. We present four arguments against this interpretation. First, a true scaling must relate SEP events to all flare X-ray events, and not to a small subset of the X-ray event population. We also show that the assumed scaling law is not mathematically valid and that although the flare X-ray and SEP event data are correlated, they are highly scattered and not necessarily related through an assumed scaling of the two phenomena. An interpretation of SEP events within the context of a recent model of fractal-diffusive self-organized criticality by Aschwanden provides a physical basis for why the SEP distributions should be flatter than those of solar flares. These arguments provide evidence against a close physical connection of flares with SEP production. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Kahler, SW (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM AFRL.RVB.PA@kirtland.af.mil FU AFOSR [2301RDZ4] FX S.K. was funded by AFOSR Task 2301RDZ4. CME data were taken from the CDAW LASCO catalog. This CME catalog is generated and maintained at the CDAW Data Center by NASA and The Catholic University of America in cooperation with the Naval Research Laboratory. SOHO is a project of international cooperation between ESA and NASA. E. Cliver and the reviewer contributed helpful comments on the manuscript. NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 20 PY 2013 VL 769 IS 1 AR 35 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/769/1/35 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 157NL UT WOS:000319904500035 ER PT J AU Budd, GT Barlow, WE Moore, HCF Hobday, TJ Stewart, JA Isaacs, C Salim, M Cho, JK Rinn, K Albain, KS Chew, HK Von Burton, G Moore, TD Srkalovic, G McGregor, BA Flaherty, LE Livingston, RB Lew, D Gralow, J Hortobagyi, GN AF Budd, G. Thomas Barlow, William E. Moore, Halle C. F. Hobday, Timothy J. Stewart, James A. Isaacs, Claudine Salim, Muhammad Cho, Jonathan K. Rinn, Kristine Albain, Kathy S. Chew, Helen K. Von Burton, Gary Moore, Timothy David Srkalovic, Gordan McGregor, Bradley Alexander Flaherty, Lawrence E. Livingston, Robert B. Lew, Danika Gralow, Julie Hortobagyi, Gabriel N. TI S0221: Comparison of two schedules of paclitaxel as adjuvant therapy for breast cancer SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Clinical-Oncology (ASCO) CY MAY 31-JUN 04, 2013 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Soc Clin Oncol C1 Cleveland Clin, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Canc Res & Biostat, Seattle, WA USA. Mayo Clin, Rochester, MN USA. Baystate Med Ctr, Springfield, MA USA. Lombardi Comprehens Canc Ctr, Washington, DC USA. Allan Blair Canc Ctr, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. Oncare Hawaii, Honolulu, HI USA. Swedish Canc Inst, Seattle, WA USA. Loyola Univ, Med Ctr, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Canc, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. LSU Hlth Sci Ctr, Shreveport, LA USA. Med Ohio Oncol Hematol Inc, Columbus, OH USA. Sparrow Reg Canc Ctr, Lansing, MI USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX USA. Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Detroit, MI USA. Univ Arizona, Arizona Canc Ctr, Tucson, AZ USA. Southwest Oncol Grp Stat Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. Seattle Canc Care Alliance, Seattle, WA USA. Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL ONCOLOGY PI ALEXANDRIA PA 2318 MILL ROAD, STE 800, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0732-183X EI 1527-7755 J9 J CLIN ONCOL JI J. Clin. Oncol. PD MAY 20 PY 2013 VL 31 IS 15 SU S MA CRA1008 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA AG4VY UT WOS:000335419603130 ER PT J AU Stewart, DJ Dalton, MJ Swiger, RN Cooper, TM Haley, JE Tan, LS AF Stewart, David J. Dalton, Matthew J. Swiger, Rachel N. Cooper, Thomas M. Haley, Joy E. Tan, Loon-Seng TI Exciplex Formation in Blended Spin-Cast Films of Fluorene-Linked Dyes and Bisphthalimide Quenchers SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID PHOTOINDUCED ELECTRON-TRANSFER; SENSITIZED SOLAR-CELLS; WHITE-LIGHT EMISSION; NONLINEAR ABSORPTION; 2-PHOTON ABSORPTION; CHARGE-TRANSFER; ORGANIC-MOLECULES; ACCEPTOR; DONOR; ENERGY AB Spin-cast films of dyes (donor-pi-donor, donor-pi-acceptor, and acceptor-pi-acceptor type, where the donor is Ph2N-, the acceptor is 2-benzothiazoyl, and the c pi-linker is 9,9-diethylfluorene) blended with nonconjugated bisphthalimides were prepared. Upon visible-light excitation of the dyes, quenching of the excited state occurs by exciplex formation between dye and bisphthalimide molecules or, in some cases, by excimer formation or aggregation-induced emission between two dye molecules. The extent of exciplex formation is dependent on the driving force, which can be 1) calculated using the energy difference between the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMOs) of the dyes and bisphthalimides. The results show that complete exciplex formation occurs when this driving force is greater than 0.57 eV whereas partial exciplex formation occurs when the driving force is between 0.28 and 0.57 eV. The exciplex emission energies can also be predicted by calculating the difference between the LUMO level of the bisphthalimide and the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of the dye. These calculated values, which were obtained from the electrochemically determined energy levels, showed good agreement with the observed emission energies. The exciplex lifetimes were found to be significantly longer than the lifetimes of the lone dyes. These exciplexes formed from nonlinked donors and acceptors in the solid state might have potential, uses in nonlinear photonics. C1 [Stewart, David J.; Dalton, Matthew J.; Swiger, Rachel N.; Cooper, Thomas M.; Haley, Joy E.; Tan, Loon-Seng] USAF, Funct Mat Div, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Stewart, David J.; Dalton, Matthew J.] Gen Dynam Informat Technol, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Swiger, Rachel N.] Southwestern Ohio Council Higher Educ, Dayton, OH 45420 USA. RP Haley, JE (reprint author), USAF, Funct Mat Div, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM joy.haley@wpafb.af.mil; loon-seng.tan@wpafb.af.mil RI Tan, Loon-Seng/F-6985-2012 OI Tan, Loon-Seng/0000-0002-2134-9290 FU AFRL/AFOSR; AFRL/RX Directorates, Air Force Research Laboratory FX A sample of DPA2F was kindly provided by Dr. Ramamurthi Kannan. Funding support was provided by AFRL/AFOSR and AFRL/RX Directorates, Air Force Research Laboratory. NR 50 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD MAY 16 PY 2013 VL 117 IS 19 BP 3909 EP 3917 DI 10.1021/jp312029e PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 152SN UT WOS:000319551500004 PM 23582019 ER PT J AU Hearn, JD Weber, R Nichols, R Henley, MV Fox, S AF Hearn, John D. Weber, Richard Nichols, Robert Henley, Michael V. Fox, Shannon TI Deposition of Cl-2 on soils during outdoor releases SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Chlorine deposition; Jack Rabbit; Consequence assessment ID DENSE GAS REMOVAL; DRY DEPOSITION; CHLORINE; ATMOSPHERE; VEGETATION; CLOUDS AB Synthetic soil blends were exposed to dense chlorine (Cl-2) plumes released at Dugway Proving Ground, UT, during Spring 2010 with the purpose of determining the magnitude of Cl-2 deposition onto soil and assessing its potential for attenuating a high-concentration plume. Samples were exposed at varying distances from the release point to include exposure to the pooling liquid (2-3 m) and dense vapor (10-17 m). Following exposure, soil samples were cored, fractionated vertically and analyzed for chloride (Cl) to quantify the integrated amount of Cl-2 deposited. Cl- was detected as deep as 4 cm in samples exposed to dense Cl-2 vapor and in the deepest fractions (13 cm) of samples exposed to liquid Cl-2. Chloride concentration, [Cl-], in the soil samples positively correlated with soil mass fractions of organic matter and water, and while their individual contributions to Cl-2 deposition could not be quantitatively determined, the data suggest that organic matter was the primary contributor. [Cl-] results from the top vertical fractions (1.3 cm nearest the surface) were used in an analysis to determine the magnitude of deposition as a loss term under low-wind (<= 1.6 m/s) conditions. The analysis revealed up to 50% of a 1814-kg release could be deposited within 20 m from the release point for soil with high organic matter (43%) and/or water content (29%). Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Hearn, John D.; Henley, Michael V.] USAF, Res Lab, Airbase Technol Div, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. [Weber, Richard] Appl Res Associates, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. [Nichols, Robert] Universal Technol Corp, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. [Fox, Shannon] Dept Homeland Secur, Chem Secur Anal Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Hearn, JD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Airbase Technol Div, 139 Barnes Dr,Suite 2, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. EM john.hearn@tyndall.af.mil FU Department of Homeland Security, Chemical Security Analysis Center (CSAC) FX We thank the Department of Homeland Security, Chemical Security Analysis Center (CSAC) for funding this work and directing the releases. We thank Donny Storwold and others at Dugway Proving Ground for executing these chemical releases and allowing us to participate in them. We also thank Dr. Gina Canfield and Jeff Eichler for their help with the XRD analysis. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD MAY 15 PY 2013 VL 252 BP 107 EP 114 DI 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.02.038 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 162TL UT WOS:000320288800014 PM 23507366 ER PT J AU Dea, JR AF Dea, John R. TI Absorbing boundary conditions for the fractional wave equation SO APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTATION LA English DT Article DE Absorbing boundary conditions; Fractional wave equation; Wave propagation; Open domains; Finite differences ID DIFFUSION-EQUATIONS; DIFFERENCE SCHEME; INTEGRODIFFERENTIAL EQUATION; NUMERICAL-SOLUTION; DISPERSIVE WAVES; HEAT-EQUATION; ORDER; DOMAIN; FORMULATION AB We present an absorbing boundary condition technique for computational models of the two-dimensional time-fractional wave equation. This technique, adapted from the Sommerfeld radiation condition used for classical second-order wave equations, can significantly reduce the computational overhead required when modeling phenomena in a small portion of a large or infinite domain. The stability and effectiveness of the technique are demonstrated analytically and by numerical examples. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USAF, Dept Math & Stat, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Dea, JR (reprint author), USAF, Dept Math & Stat, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM john.dea@afit.edu FU Air Force Institute of Technology FX The author would like to express his appreciation to the Air Force Institute of Technology for its support of this research. Sincere gratitude is also offered to those reviewers who read and critiqued an earlier draft of this manuscript. The technical results and analysis presented in this manuscript are those of the author (s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position of the Air Force Institute of Technology, the United States Air Force, or the Department of Defense. NR 44 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0096-3003 J9 APPL MATH COMPUT JI Appl. Math. Comput. PD MAY 15 PY 2013 VL 219 IS 18 BP 9810 EP 9820 DI 10.1016/j.amc.2013.03.113 PG 11 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 144WH UT WOS:000318971800019 ER PT J AU Feng, YH Barr, W Harper, WF AF Feng, Yinghua Barr, William Harper, W. F., Jr. TI Neural network processing of microbial fuel cell signals for the identification of chemicals present in water SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Biosensors; Water quality; Artificial neural networks; Microbial fuel cells; Signal processing ID BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN-DEMAND; ELECTRICITY-GENERATION; BOD SENSORS; BIOSENSOR; TOXICITY; SYSTEM; ARRAY AB Biosensing is emerging as an important element of water quality monitoring. This research demonstrated that microbial fuel cell (MFC)-based biosensing can be integrated with artificial neural networks (ANNs) to identify specific chemicals present in water samples. The non-fermentable substrates, acetate and butyrate, induced peak areas (PA) and peak heights (PH) that were generally larger than those caused by the injection of fermentable substrates, glucose and corn starch. The ANN successfully identified peaks associated with these four chemicals under a variety of experimental conditions and for two MFCs that had different levels of sensitivity. ANNs that employ the hyperbolic tangent sigmoid transfer function performed better than those using non-continuous transfer functions. ANNs should be integrated into water quality monitoring efforts for smart biosensing. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Feng, Yinghua] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. [Barr, William] Arizona State Univ, Dept Civil Environm & Sustainable, Tempe, AZ 85281 USA. [Harper, W. F., Jr.] USAF, Dept Syst & Engn Management, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Harper, WF (reprint author), USAF, Dept Syst & Engn Management, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM willie.harper@afit.edu FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of the United States of America (NOAA) [NA09NOS4200029] FX Financial support for this project was provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of the United States of America (NOAA, Grant No. NA09NOS4200029). The authors thank Frank Lopez and Dr. David Klarer (Old Woman Creek National Estuary Research Reserve, Huron, OH) for technical and logistical assistance. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of NOAA, the Air Force Institute of Technology, United States Air Force, Department of Defense, or United States government. The authors also thank the anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. NR 29 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 56 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD MAY 15 PY 2013 VL 120 BP 84 EP 92 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.01.018 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 131NL UT WOS:000318000300012 PM 23507247 ER PT J AU Xue, CM Birel, O Li, YNA Ma, X Gao, M Urbas, A Li, Q AF Xue, Chenming Birel, Ozgul Li, Yannian Ma, Xiang Gao, Min Urbas, Augustine Li, Quan TI Porphyrin metal complex monolayer-protected gold nanorods: A parallel facile synthesis and self-assembly SO JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material DE Gold nanorod; Fluorescence; Quench; Self-assembly; Porphyrin metal complex ID HIGH-YIELD SYNTHESIS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; AU NANORODS; NANOPARTICLES; NANOCRYSTALS; CHEMISTRY; SHAPES AB Porphyrin metal (Zn, Cu, and Mg) complex monolayer-protected gold nanorods (GNRs) were, for the first time, synthesized. Their synthesis was easy to access by mixing porphyrin encapsulated GNRs with corresponding excess soluble metal salts in solution, followed by the facile purification through centrifugation and sonication due to the gravity of the GNRs and their solubility in organic solvents. Furthermore, the resulting three GNRs exhibited distinct spectroscopic properties and were able to self-assemble into side-by-side arrays driven by pi-pi intermolecular interactions of the surface metal porphyrin chromophores. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Xue, Chenming; Birel, Ozgul; Li, Yannian; Ma, Xiang; Gao, Min; Li, Quan] Kent State Univ, Inst Liquid Crystal, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Birel, Ozgul] Mugla Univ, Dept Chem, TR-48121 Mugla, Turkey. [Urbas, Augustine] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab WPAFB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Li, Q (reprint author), Kent State Univ, Inst Liquid Crystal, Kent, OH 44242 USA. EM qli1@kent.edu RI Li, Yannian/B-7000-2012; Ma, Xiang/F-6665-2014 OI Ma, Xiang/0000-0002-8679-4491 NR 35 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 85 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9797 J9 J COLLOID INTERF SCI JI J. Colloid Interface Sci. PD MAY 15 PY 2013 VL 398 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1016/j.jcis.2013.02.014 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 125LB UT WOS:000317540200001 PM 23489614 ER PT J AU Barua, A Kim, S Horie, Y Zhou, M AF Barua, A. Kim, S. Horie, Y. Zhou, M. TI Prediction of probabilistic ignition behavior of polymer-bonded explosives from microstructural stochasticity SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SOLID EXPLOSIVES; SHOCK INITIATION; HOT-SPOTS; HMX; IMPACT; SENSITIVITY; DETONATION; ENERGY; MODEL; SIMULATIONS AB Random variations in constituent properties, constituent distribution, microstructural morphology, and loading cause the ignition of explosives to be inherently stochastic. An approach is developed to computationally predict and quantify the stochasticity of the ignition process in polymer-bonded explosives (PBXs) under impact loading. The method, the computational equivalent of carrying out multiple experiments under the same conditions, involves subjecting sets of statistically similar microstructure samples to identical overall loading and characterizing the statistical distribution of the ignition response of the samples. Specific quantities predicted based on basic material properties and microstructure attributes include the critical time to ignition at given load intensity and the critical impact velocity below which no ignition occurs. The analyses carried out focus on the influence of random microstructure geometry variations on the critical time to ignition at given load intensity and the critical impact velocity below which no ignition occurs. Results show that the probability distribution of the time to criticality (t(c)) follows the Weibull distribution. This probability distribution is quantified as a function of microstructural attributes including grain volume fraction, grain size, specific binder-grain interface area, and the stochastic variations of these attributes. The relations reveal that the specific binder-grain interface area and its stochastic variation have the most influence on the critical time to ignition and the critical impact velocity below which no ignition is observed. For a PBX with 95% octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine content, the computationally predicted minimum impact velocity for ignition is in the range of 54-63 ms(-1) depending on microstructure. This range is comparable to values measured experimentally for PBX9501 (53 ms(-1) by Chidester et al., "Low amplitude impact testing and analysis of pristine and aged solid high explosives," in Eleventh (International) Symposium on Detonation, ONR (1998), 33300. 60-84 ms(-1) by Gruau et al., " Ignition of a confined high explosive under low velocity impact," Int. J. Impact Eng. 36, 537-550 (2009)). (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Barua, A.; Kim, S.; Zhou, M.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Horie, Y.] USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Barua, A (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA); Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) at the Eglin AFB in Florida FX The authors gratefully acknowledge support from the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) (scientific officer: Dr. Suhithi Peiris) and the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) at the Eglin AFB in Florida. Calculations are carried out on parallel computers at DPRL at Georgia Tech. NR 52 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 33 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 14 PY 2013 VL 113 IS 18 AR 184907 DI 10.1063/1.4804251 PG 20 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 149BX UT WOS:000319294100102 ER PT J AU Roy, S Jiang, N Stauffer, HU Schmidt, JB Kulatilaka, WD Meyer, TR Bunker, CE Gord, JR AF Roy, Sukesh Jiang, Naibo Stauffer, Hans U. Schmidt, Jacob B. Kulatilaka, Waruna D. Meyer, Terrence R. Bunker, Christopher E. Gord, James R. TI Spatially and temporally resolved temperature and shock-speed measurements behind a laser-induced blast wave of energetic nanoparticles SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID STOKES-RAMAN SCATTERING; NANOENERGETIC MATERIALS; PARTICLE COMBUSTION; CARBON-DIOXIDE; OLEIC-ACID; ALUMINUM; PROPAGATION; AIR; NANOALUMINUM; SPECTROSCOPY AB Spatially and temporally resolved temperature measurements behind an expanding blast wave are made using picosecond (ps) N-2 coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) following laser flash heating of mixtures containing aluminum nanoparticles embedded in ammonium-nitrate oxidant. Production-front ps-CARS temperatures as high as 3600 +/- 180 K-obtained for 50-nm-diameter commercially produced aluminum-nanoparticle samples-are observed. Time-resolved shadowgraph images of the evolving blast waves are also obtained to determine the shock-wave position and corresponding velocity. These results are compared with near-field blast-wave theory to extract relative rates of energy release for various particle diameters and passivating-layer compositions. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Roy, Sukesh; Jiang, Naibo; Stauffer, Hans U.; Schmidt, Jacob B.; Kulatilaka, Waruna D.] Spectral Energies LLC, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Meyer, Terrence R.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Bunker, Christopher E.; Gord, James R.] USAF, Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Roy, S (reprint author), Spectral Energies LLC, 5100 Springfield St, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. EM sroy@woh.rr.com OI Schmidt, Jacob/0000-0002-9855-6319 FU Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-10-C-2008] FX Funding for this research was provided by the Air Force Research Laboratory under Contract No. FA8650-10-C-2008. We thank Dr. Paul Hsu of Spectral Energies, LLC and Dr. William Lewis of the University of Dayton for many helpful discussions. We also acknowledge Dr. Barbara Harruff for the TEM image inspections of various nanoparticles and Stephen Danczyk for providing the 80-nm nanoparticles. NR 38 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 31 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 14 PY 2013 VL 113 IS 18 AR 184310 DI 10.1063/1.4804410 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 149BX UT WOS:000319294100084 ER PT J AU Husaini, S Slagle, JE Murray, JM Guha, S Gonzalez, LP Bedford, RG AF Husaini, S. Slagle, J. E. Murray, J. M. Guha, S. Gonzalez, L. P. Bedford, R. G. TI Broadband saturable absorption and optical limiting in graphene-polymer composites SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHOTONICS; ABSORBER AB Nonlinear optical properties of a graphene-polyvinyl alcohol composite are studied using an irradiance-scan setup. The measurements are carried out at 785 nm and 1064 nm in the nanosecond and picoseconds temporal regimes, respectively. It is shown that the output fluence readily clamps with increasing input and graphene concentration due to nonlinear absorption and scattering. Furthermore, the nonlinear transmission demonstrates weak saturable absorption followed by strong optical limiting. The nonlinear coefficients beta(eff) and I-sat calculated via numerical fitting show that beta(eff) depends on the graphene content and increases significantly in nanosecond regime due to high degree of thermally induced nonlinear scattering. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Husaini, S.; Bedford, R. G.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Slagle, J. E.] SAIC, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Murray, J. M.] Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Murray, J. M.; Guha, S.; Gonzalez, L. P.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Husaini, S (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM saima.husaini.ctr@wpafb.af.mil FU National Research Council Research Associateship Award at AFRL FX We would like to acknowledge Dr. Elizabeth Moore and Mr. John Hoelscher for their help with Raman measurements. This research was performed while S.H. held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at AFRL. NR 24 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 45 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 13 PY 2013 VL 102 IS 19 AR 191112 DI 10.1063/1.4805060 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 164WB UT WOS:000320440800012 ER PT J AU Mignolet, MP Przekop, A Rizzi, SA Spottswood, SM AF Mignolet, Marc P. Przekop, Adam Rizzi, Stephen A. Spottswood, S. Michael TI A review of indirect/non-intrusive reduced order modeling of nonlinear geometric structures SO JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION LA English DT Review ID SMOOTH ORTHOGONAL DECOMPOSITION; YAWED SUPERSONIC-FLOW; PANEL FLUTTER; SYSTEM-IDENTIFICATION; AEROELASTIC MODES; RESPONSE ANALYSIS; FREE-VIBRATIONS; BASIS SELECTION; ACTIVE CONTROL; PLATES AB The paper presents a review of reduced order modeling (ROM) techniques for geometrically nonlinear structures, more specifically of those techniques that are applicable to structural models constructed using commercial finite element software. The form of the ROM governing equations, the estimation of their parameters, and the selection of the basis functions are reviewed in detail and comparisons of predicted displacements and stresses obtained by the ROM and the full order, finite element models are presented. These ROM methods and validations are extended next to multidisciplinary problems in which the structure is subjected to thermal effects or interacts with the aerodynamics/ acoustics. These various applications demonstrate the usefulness and appropriateness of ROMs as computationally efficient alternatives to full finite element models for the accurate prediction of the geometrically nonlinear response of the structures considered. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Mignolet, Marc P.] Arizona State Univ, SEMTE, Fac Mech Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Mignolet, Marc P.] Arizona State Univ, SEMTE, Fac Aerosp Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Przekop, Adam] Analyt Mech Associates Inc, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. [Rizzi, Stephen A.] NASA, Struct Acoust Branch, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Spottswood, S. Michael] USAF, AFRL RQSS Struct Sci Ctr, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mignolet, MP (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, SEMTE, Fac Mech Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM marc.mignolet@asu.edu NR 81 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 4 U2 49 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-460X EI 1095-8568 J9 J SOUND VIB JI J. Sound Vibr. PD MAY 13 PY 2013 VL 332 IS 10 BP 2437 EP 2460 DI 10.1016/j.jsv.2012.10.017 PG 24 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 113CA UT WOS:000316642600005 ER PT J AU Chandra, Y Stanciulescu, I Virgin, LN Eason, TG Spottswood, SM AF Chandra, Yenny Stanciulescu, Ilinca Virgin, Lawrence N. Eason, Thomas G. Spottswood, Stephen M. TI A numerical investigation of snap-through in a shallow arch-like model SO JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article ID VIBRATION; STABILITY AB Slender curved structures may experience a loss of stability called snap-through, causing the curvature on part or all of the structure to invert inducing fatigue damage. This paper presents a framework for analyzing the transient responses of slender curved structures. A numerical study of snap-through in a shallow arch-like model under periodic excitations is performed on a simplified model and on a detailed finite element model. The boundaries that separate the snap-through and no snap-through regions in the forcing parameters space are identified. various post-snap responses are analyzed. The effects of initial conditions on the snap-through boundaries and post-snap responses are examined. Forcing parameters that lead to chaotic response are identified. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Chandra, Yenny; Stanciulescu, Ilinca] Rice Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Virgin, Lawrence N.] Duke Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Eason, Thomas G.; Spottswood, Stephen M.] USAF, Res Lab, Struct Sci Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Stanciulescu, I (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Houston, TX 77005 USA. EM ilinca.s@rice.edu OI Stanciulescu, Ilinca/0000-0003-4515-0363 FU AFOSR [FA9550-09-1-0201]; Rice University Data Analysis and Visualization Cyberinfrastructure; NSF [OCI-0959097] FX The work has been funded in part by AFOSR under Grant no. FA9550-09-1-0201. This support is greatly appreciated. Support was also received from the Rice University Data Analysis and Visualization Cyberinfrastructure funded by NSF under the Grant OCI-0959097. NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 19 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-460X J9 J SOUND VIB JI J. Sound Vibr. PD MAY 13 PY 2013 VL 332 IS 10 BP 2532 EP 2548 DI 10.1016/j.jsv.2012.12.019 PG 17 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 113CA UT WOS:000316642600010 ER PT J AU Kaufmann, P White, SM Freeland, SL Marcon, R Fernandes, LOT Kudaka, AS de Souza, RV Aballay, JL Fernandez, G Godoy, R Marun, A Valio, A Raulin, JP de Castro, CGG AF Kaufmann, P. White, S. M. Freeland, S. L. Marcon, R. Fernandes, L. O. T. Kudaka, A. S. de Souza, R. V. Aballay, J. L. Fernandez, G. Godoy, R. Marun, A. Valio, A. Raulin, J. -P. Gimenez de Castro, C. G. TI A BRIGHT IMPULSIVE SOLAR BURST DETECTED AT 30 THz SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun: activity; Sun: flares; Sun: infrared; Sun: radio radiation; Sun: UV radiation; Sun: X-rays, gamma rays ID WHITE-LIGHT FLARES; SPECTRAL COMPONENT; INFRARED CONTINUUM; EMISSION; RESOLUTION; RADIATION; SUNSPOTS AB Ground- and space-based observations of solar flares from radio wavelengths to gamma-rays have produced considerable insights but raised several unsolved controversies. The last unexplored wavelength frontier for solar flares is in the range of submillimeter and infrared wavelengths. Here we report the detection of an intense impulsive burst at 30 THz using a new imaging system. The 30 THz emission exhibited remarkable time coincidence with peaks observed at microwave, mm/submm, visible, EUV, and hard X-ray wavelengths. The emission location coincides with a very weak white-light feature, and is consistent with heating below the temperature minimum in the atmosphere. However, there are problems in attributing the heating to accelerated electrons. The peak 30 THz flux is several times larger than the usual microwave peak near 9 GHz, attributed to non-thermal electrons in the corona. The 30 THz emission could be consistent with an optically thick spectrum increasing from low to high frequencies. It might be part of the same spectral component found at sub-THz frequencies whose nature remains mysterious. Further observations at these wavelengths will provide a new window for flare studies. C1 [Kaufmann, P.; Fernandes, L. O. T.; Kudaka, A. S.; de Souza, R. V.; Valio, A.; Raulin, J. -P.] Univ Prebiteriana Mackenzie, Sch Engn, Ctr Radio Astron & Astrophys, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Kaufmann, P.] Univ Estadual Campinas, Ctr Semicond Components, Campinas, SP, Brazil. [White, S. M.] USAF, Res Labs, Space Vehicles Directorate, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. [Freeland, S. L.] Lockheed Martin Solar & Astrophys Lab, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Marcon, R.] Univ Estadual Campinas, Gleb Wataghin Phys Inst, Campinas, SP, Brazil. [Marcon, R.] Bernard Lyot Solar Observ, Campinas, SP, Brazil. [Aballay, J. L.; Fernandez, G.; Godoy, R.; Marun, A.; Gimenez de Castro, C. G.] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, San Juan, Argentina. RP Kaufmann, P (reprint author), Univ Prebiteriana Mackenzie, Sch Engn, Ctr Radio Astron & Astrophys, Sao Paulo, Brazil. RI Valio, Adriana/I-2531-2012; Gimenez de Castro, Carlos Guillermo/I-4367-2016; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017 OI Valio, Adriana/0000-0002-1671-8370; Gimenez de Castro, Carlos Guillermo/0000-0002-8979-3582; FU FAPESP; CNPq; Mackpesquisa; Argentina CONICET; US AFOSR; NASA FX This research was partially supported by Brazilian agencies FAPESP, CNPq, Mackpesquisa, Argentina CONICET, and US AFOSR and NASA. S. W. thanks Rachel Hock for valuable comments. NR 31 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 13 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 10 PY 2013 VL 768 IS 2 AR 134 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/768/2/134 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 134QK UT WOS:000318228400037 ER PT J AU Kernion, SJ Lucas, MS Horwath, J Turgut, Z Michel, E Keylin, V Huth, JF Leary, AM Shen, S McHenry, ME AF Kernion, S. J. Lucas, M. S. Horwath, J. Turgut, Z. Michel, E. Keylin, V. Huth, J. F. Leary, A. M. Shen, S. McHenry, M. E. TI Reduced losses in rolled Fe73.5Si15.5Nb3B7Cu1 nanocrystalline ribbon SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th Joint MMM-Intermag Conference CY JAN 14-18, 2013 CL Chicago, IL SP AIP Publishing, IEEE Magnet Soc ID HIGH-FREQUENCY; ALLOYS AB Eddy currents in magnetic components undergoing high frequency switching can be mitigated by reducing the thickness of the component. Planar flow cast Fe73.5Si15.5Nb3B7Cu1 ribbon was plastically deformed by cold rolling, resulting in a thickness reduction of 38%. Shear band formation was seen and the coercivity was dramatically higher in the rolled ribbon. After crystallization, the hysteresis loop of the rolled ribbon was nearly identical to a non-rolled ribbon and losses were lower in the rolled ribbon above 25 kHz. Reductions in thickness by this method can lead to increases in operating frequency for power conversion applications. (C) 2013 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Kernion, S. J.; Leary, A. M.; Shen, S.; McHenry, M. E.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Lucas, M. S.; Horwath, J.; Turgut, Z.; Michel, E.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Keylin, V.; Huth, J. F.] Magnetics, Pittsburgh, PA 15238 USA. RP Kernion, SJ (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM sam.kernion@gmail.com; mm7g@andrew.cmu.edu RI Shen, Shen/B-9065-2014 NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 7 PY 2013 VL 113 IS 17 AR 17A306 DI 10.1063/1.4794131 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 149BK UT WOS:000319292800007 ER PT J AU Leary, AM Lucas, MS Ohodnicki, PR Kernion, SJ Mauger, L Park, C Kenney-Benson, C McHenry, ME AF Leary, A. M. Lucas, M. S. Ohodnicki, P. R. Kernion, S. J. Mauger, L. Park, C. Kenney-Benson, C. McHenry, M. E. TI The influence of pressure on the phase stability of nanocomposite Fe89Zr7B4 during heating from energy dispersive x-ray diffraction SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th Joint MMM-Intermag Conference CY JAN 14-18, 2013 CL Chicago, IL SP AIP Publishing, IEEE Magnet Soc ID NANOCRYSTALLINE; CRYSTALLIZATION; ALLOYS; GOLD AB Nanocomposite materials consisting of small crystalline grains embedded within an amorphous matrix show promise for many soft magnetic applications. The influence of pressure is investigated by in situ diffraction of hammer milled Fe89Zr7B4 during heating through the alpha -> gamma Fe transition at 0.5, 2.2, and 4.9 GPa. The changes in primary and secondary crystallization onset are described by diffusion and the energy to form a critical nucleus within the framework of classical nucleation theory. (C) 2013 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Leary, A. M.; Kernion, S. J.; McHenry, M. E.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Mat Sci & Engn Dept, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Lucas, M. S.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Ohodnicki, P. R.] Natl Energy Technol Lab, Div Chem & Surface Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. [Mauger, L.] CALTECH, WM Keck Lab 138 78, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Park, C.; Kenney-Benson, C.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Geophys Lab, HPCAT, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Leary, AM (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Mat Sci & Engn Dept, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM mm7g@andrew.cmu.edu RI Park, Changyong/A-8544-2008 OI Park, Changyong/0000-0002-3363-5788 NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 7 PY 2013 VL 113 IS 17 AR 17A317 DI 10.1063/1.4795326 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 149BK UT WOS:000319292800018 ER PT J AU Lucas, MS Belyea, D Bauer, C Bryant, N Michel, E Turgut, Z Leontsev, SO Horwath, J Semiatin, SL McHenry, ME Miller, CW AF Lucas, M. S. Belyea, D. Bauer, C. Bryant, N. Michel, E. Turgut, Z. Leontsev, S. O. Horwath, J. Semiatin, S. L. McHenry, M. E. Miller, C. W. TI Thermomagnetic analysis of FeCoCrxNi alloys: Magnetic entropy of high-entropy alloys SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th Joint MMM-Intermag Conference CY JAN 14-18, 2013 CL Chicago, IL SP AIP Publishing, IEEE Magnet Soc AB The equimolar alloy FeCoCrNi, a high-entropy alloy, forms in the face-centered-cubic crystal structure and has a ferromagnetic Curie temperature of 130 K. In this study, we explore the effects of Cr concentration, cold-rolling, and subsequent heat treatments on the magnetic properties of FeCoCrxNi alloys. Cr reductions result in an increase of the Curie temperature, and may be used to tune the T-C over a very large temperature range. The magnetic entropy change for a change in applied field of 2T is Delta S-m = -0.35 J/(kg K) for cold-rolled FeCoCrNi. Cold-rolling results in a broadening of Delta S-m, where subsequent heat treatment at 1073 K sharpens the magnetic entropy curve. In all of the alloys, we find that upon heating (after cold-rolling) there is a re-entrant magnetic moment near 730 K. This feature is much less pronounced in the as-cast samples (without cold-rolling) and in the Cr-rich samples, and is no longer observed after annealing at 1073 K. Possible origins of this behavior are discussed. (C) 2013 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Lucas, M. S.; Bryant, N.; Michel, E.; Turgut, Z.; Leontsev, S. O.; Horwath, J.; Semiatin, S. L.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Lucas, M. S.] UTC Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Belyea, D.; Bauer, C.; Miller, C. W.] Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Bryant, N.; Michel, E.] Wright State Univ, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Turgut, Z.] UES Inc, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Leontsev, S. O.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [McHenry, M. E.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Lucas, MS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM matthew.steven.lucas@gmail.com RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 NR 11 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 5 U2 53 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 7 PY 2013 VL 113 IS 17 AR 17A923 DI 10.1063/1.4798340 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 149BK UT WOS:000319292800068 ER PT J AU Lucas, MS Mauger, L Munoz, JA Halevy, I Horwath, J Semiatin, SL Leontsev, SO Stone, MB Abernathy, DL Xiao, YM Chow, P Fultz, B AF Lucas, M. S. Mauger, L. Munoz, J. A. Halevy, I. Horwath, J. Semiatin, S. L. Leontsev, S. O. Stone, M. B. Abernathy, D. L. Xiao, Yuming Chow, Paul Fultz, B. TI Phonon densities of states of face-centered-cubic Ni-Fe alloys SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th Joint MMM-Intermag Conference CY JAN 14-18, 2013 CL Chicago, IL SP AIP Publishing, IEEE Magnet Soc ID NUCLEAR RESONANT SCATTERING; DYNAMICS AB Inelastic neutron scattering and nuclear resonant inelastic x-ray scattering were used to determine the phonon densities of states of face-centered-cubic Ni-Fe alloys. Increasing Fe concentration results in an average softening of the phonon modes. Chemical ordering of the Ni0.72Fe0.28 alloy results in a reduction of the partial vibrational entropy of the Fe atoms but does not significantly change the partial vibrational entropy of the Ni atoms. Changes in the phonon densities of states with composition and chemical ordering are discussed and analyzed with a cluster expansion method. (C) 2013 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Lucas, M. S.; Horwath, J.; Semiatin, S. L.; Leontsev, S. O.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Lucas, M. S.] UTC Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Mauger, L.; Munoz, J. A.; Halevy, I.; Fultz, B.] CALTECH, WM Keck Lab 138 78, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Leontsev, S. O.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Stone, M. B.; Abernathy, D. L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Xiao, Yuming; Chow, Paul] Carnegie Inst Sci, Geophys Lab, HPCAT, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lucas, MS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM matthew.steven.lucas@gmail.com RI Munoz, Jorge/C-8427-2011; Stone, Matthew/G-3275-2011; Abernathy, Douglas/A-3038-2012; BL18, ARCS/A-3000-2012; SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 OI Stone, Matthew/0000-0001-7884-9715; Abernathy, Douglas/0000-0002-3533-003X; NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 22 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 7 PY 2013 VL 113 IS 17 AR 17A308 DI 10.1063/1.4794354 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 149BK UT WOS:000319292800009 ER PT J AU Look, DC Leedy, KD AF Look, D. C. Leedy, K. D. TI ZnO plasmonics for telecommunications SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FILMS AB Plasmonic resonances (kres's) at the telecommunication wavelengths of 1.3 and 1.55 mu m can be accurately produced in ZnO layers grown at 200 degrees C by pulsed laser deposition in pure Ar ambient using a ZnO target with 3 wt. % Ga2O3, and then annealed in air to produce Hall-effect-determined carrier concentrations 8.8 and 6.0 x 10(20) cm(-3), respectively. Appropriate values of concentration and Hall mobility for a desired lambda(res) can be conveniently determined from a "plasmonic resonance phase diagram," generated from the Drude equation and mobility theory. Values of lambda(res) as low as 1 mu m can be attained in ZnO. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Look, D. C.] Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Look, D. C.] Wyle Labs Inc, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Look, D. C.; Leedy, K. D.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Look, DC (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM david.look@wright.edu FU DOE [DE-FG02-07ER46389]; AFOSR [FA9550-10-1-0079]; NSF [DMR-080-3276]; AFRL [HC1047-05-D-4005] FX We wish to thank T. A. Cooper for the Hall-effect measurements, W. Rice for the reflectance measurements, D. McFarland for technical assistance, and B. Claflin for helpful discussions. Support of D. C. L. is gratefully acknowledged from the following sources: DOE Grant No. DE-FG02-07ER46389 (R. Kortan), AFOSR Grant No. FA9550-10-1-0079 (J. Hwang), NSF Grant No. DMR-080-3276 (C. Ying), and AFRL Contract No. HC1047-05-D-4005 (D. Tomich). NR 17 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 4 U2 32 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 6 PY 2013 VL 102 IS 18 AR 182107 DI 10.1063/1.4804984 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 164VV UT WOS:000320439900042 ER PT J AU Bohan, BT Polanka, MD AF Bohan, Brian T. Polanka, Marc D. TI Analysis of Flow Migration in an Ultra-Compact Combustor SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article AB The ultra-compact combustor (UCC) has the potential to offer improved thrust-to-weight and overall efficiency in a turbojet engine. The thrust-to-weight improvement is due to a reduction in engine weight by shortening the combustor section through the use of the revolutionary circumferential combustor design. The improved efficiency is achieved by using an increased fuel-to-air mass ratio and allowing the fuel to fully combust prior to exiting the UCC system. Furthermore, g-loaded combustion offers increased flame speeds that can lead to smaller combustion volumes. One of the issues with the UCC is that the circumferential combustion of the fuel results in hot gases present at the outside diameter of the core flow. These hot gases need to migrate radially from the circumferential cavity and blend with the core flow to present a uniform temperature distribution to the high-pressure turbine rotor. The current research focused on correlations to control the UCC cavity velocity, control the temperature profile throughout the UCC section, analyze the exhaust species exiting the combustor, and quantify pressure losses in the system. To achieve these goals, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis was used on a UCC geometry scaled to a representative fighter-scale engine. The analysis included a study of cavity to core flow interaction characteristics, a 5- and 12-species combustion model of liquid and gaseous fuel, and determination of species exiting the combustor. Computational comparisons were also made between an engine realistic condition and an ambient pressure rig environment. C1 [Bohan, Brian T.] Air Force Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, High & Low Speed Aerodynam Configurat Branches, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Polanka, Marc D.] Air Force Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Bohan, BT (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, High & Low Speed Aerodynam Configurat Branches, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0742-4795 EI 1528-8919 J9 J ENG GAS TURB POWER JI J. Eng. Gas. Turbines Power-Trans. ASME PD MAY PY 2013 VL 135 IS 5 AR 051502 DI 10.1115/1.4007866 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 241GK UT WOS:000326154200005 ER PT J AU Huang, CS de la Beaujardiere, O Roddy, PA Hunton, DE Ballenthin, JO Hairston, MR AF Huang, Chao-Song de la Beaujardiere, O. Roddy, P. A. Hunton, D. E. Ballenthin, J. O. Hairston, M. R. TI Long-lasting daytime equatorial plasma bubbles observed by the C/NOFS satellite SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE equatorial ionosphere; plasma bubbles ID LOW LATITUDE IONOSPHERE; F-LIKE IRREGULARITIES; HINOTORI SATELLITE; IMPEDANCE PROBE; JICAMARCA; SCINTILLATIONS; ALTITUDE; RADAR; BOARD AB We report the first observations of long-lasting daytime equatorial plasma bubbles with the Communication/Navigation Outage Forecasting System (C/NOFS) satellite. The most unusual features of the plasma bubbles are the persistence from the post-midnight sector through the afternoon sector and the extremely long lifetime of 12 h. In one case, the plasma bubbles were generated at 02:00-03:00 LT near the end of the main phase of a moderate magnetic storm and detected by C/NOFS over eight successive orbits, and the decrease of the ion density inside the bubbles was still as large as 30% at 14:00-15:00 LT. In another case, one group of plasma bubbles was generated near the sunset terminator and existed over the entire nighttime until the post-sunrise sector (06:00-08:00 LT), and another group of plasma bubbles was first detected at 04:00-06:00 LT and lasted until 11:00 LT. The latter group of bubbles occurred following a sharp northward turning of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) near the end of the main phase of a weak magnetic storm, and the overshielding electric field caused by the IMF northward turning and the storm time disturbance dynamo might both have contributed to the generation of the bubbles. The plasma bubbles reached 800 km or higher in altitude during daytime. The high altitudes may be critical for the long lifetime of the bubbles: the photo-ionization rate decreases rapidly with altitude. The photo-ionization process may take a long time to produce enough new plasma particles to fill the daytime bubbles at high altitudes. C1 [Huang, Chao-Song; de la Beaujardiere, O.; Roddy, P. A.; Hunton, D. E.; Ballenthin, J. O.] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. [Hairston, M. R.] Univ Texas Dallas, Hanson Ctr Space Sci, Dallas, TX 75230 USA. RP Huang, CS (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. EM chaosong.huang@kirtland.af.mil OI Hairston, Marc/0000-0003-4524-4837 FU NASA [NNH09AM20I]; Air Force Research Laboratory; Department of Defense Space Test Program; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); Naval Research Laboratory; Aerospace Corporation FX Work by C.-S.H. was supported in part by the NASA grant NNH09AM20I. The C/NOFS mission is supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory, the Department of Defense Space Test Program, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the Naval Research Laboratory, and The Aerospace Corporation. The authors acknowledge the NASA OMNIWEB for providing the IMF and Dst data. NR 31 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 118 IS 5 BP 2398 EP 2408 DI 10.1002/jgra.50252 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 228UF UT WOS:000325215800049 ER PT J AU Dao, E Kelley, MC Pfaff, RF Roddy, PA AF Dao, E. Kelley, M. C. Pfaff, R. F. Roddy, P. A. TI Large-scale structures in the equatorial ionosphere and their connection to the generalized Rayleigh-Taylor instability SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE irregularities; space weather; scintillations; equatorial electric fields; large scale convective storms ID F-REGION; SPREAD-F AB For the first time, electric field and density fluctuations have been simultaneously measured on the Communications/Navigation Outage Forecasting System satellite at large scales (>300km). The ratio of their spectral power rises as k(2), unlike scales from 20m to 300km where the ratio is independent of k. We suggest that gravity waves dominate these large scales and mix with density gradients via self-generated electric fields to form n/n(0). C1 [Dao, E.; Kelley, M. C.] Cornell Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Pfaff, R. F.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Extraterr Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Roddy, P. A.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. RP Kelley, MC (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM mck13@cornell.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory; Department of Defense Space Test Program; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Naval Research Laboratory; Aerospace Corporation; NASA [NNH09AK05I, NNH09AM20I]; Office of Naval Research [N00014-09-1-0975]; National Science Foundation [ATM-0551107] FX The C/NOFS mission is supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory, the Department of Defense Space Test Program, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Naval Research Laboratory, and the Aerospace Corporation. The analysis was supported in part by NASA grant NNH09AK05I and NNH09AM20I to the Air Force Research Laboratory. Work at Cornell was funded by the Office of Naval Research under grant N00014-09-1-0975 and by the National Science Foundation under grant ATM-0551107. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 118 IS 5 BP 2618 EP 2622 DI 10.1002/jgra.50283 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 228UF UT WOS:000325215800068 ER PT J AU Pilinski, MD Argrow, BM Palo, SE Bowman, BR AF Pilinski, Marcin D. Argrow, Brian M. Palo, Scott E. Bowman, Bruce R. TI Semi-Empirical Satellite Accommodation Model for Spherical and Randomly Tumbling Objects SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article ID LOW-EARTH-ORBIT; DRAG COEFFICIENTS; ATOMIC OXYGEN; ENERGY-ACCOMMODATION; ATMOSPHERIC DENSITIES; SURFACES AB Orbits of launch-vehicle upper stages and spheres were observed by U.S. Air Force Space Command, and the resulting observations were converted by the Space Analysis Office to fitted ballistic coefficients by comparing the observed orbit with an orbit predicted by an atmospheric-drag model. The ballistic coefficients contain signals that result from atmospheric variability not captured by the model as well as signals that correspond to changes in the satellite-drag coefficient. For objects in highly elliptical orbits with perigee altitudes below 200 km a 50% change in ballistic coefficient can be observed. This drastic change is associated with both changes in the energy accommodation coefficient driven by atomic-oxygen adsorption and entry into a transition flow region where a diffuse shock forms ahead of the satellite near perigee. Furthermore, the observed ballistic coefficients for objects in near-circular orbits (7.5 km/s speeds) do not match those of objects in highly eccentric orbits (10 km/s speeds near perigee). This difference is attributed to a decrease in adsorption efficiency postulated by previous researchers that is formalized in this work into a semi-empirical model. The model parameters suggest that the average binding energy of atomic oxygen on satellite surfaces is about 5.7 eV. C1 [Pilinski, Marcin D.; Argrow, Brian M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Argrow, Brian M.] Univ Colorado, Res & Engn Ctr Unmanned Vehicles, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Palo, Scott E.] Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, Colorado Ctr Astrodynam Res, Res & Engn Ctr Unmanned Vehicles, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bowman, Bruce R.] USAF, Space Command, Colorado Springs, CO 80309 USA. RP Pilinski, MD (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. OI PALO, SCOTT/0000-0002-4729-4929 FU Neutral Atmosphere Density Interdisciplinary Research Program Multi-University Research Initiative (MURI) [FA9550-07-1-0565]; U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Air Force STTR Contract [FA9453-12-M-0091]; National Science Foundation [ATM-0449985] FX This work was supported by the Neutral Atmosphere Density Interdisciplinary Research Program Multi-University Research Initiative (MURI) under Grant FA9550-07-1-0565 sponsored by the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research to the University of Colorado at Boulder. Pilinski was also supported by the Air Force STTR Contract FA9453-12-M-0091. Scott Palo was supported by the National Science Foundation Grant ATM-0449985. The authors would like to thank the reviewers for their helpful comments. NR 54 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 EI 1533-6794 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD MAY-JUN PY 2013 VL 50 IS 3 BP 556 EP 571 DI 10.2514/1.A32348 PG 16 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 160BM UT WOS:000320091200007 ER PT J AU Bai, J Shi, SY Wilson, JP Nelson, R Prather, DW AF Bai, Jian Shi, Shouyuan Wilson, John P. Nelson, Robert Prather, Dennis W. TI Wideband, Electrically Small, Planar, Coupled Subwavelength Resonator Antenna With an Embedded Matching Network SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE Chu limit; electrically small; metamaterial; sub-wavelength; wideband ID MONOPOLE ANTENNA; PATCH ANTENNAS; METAMATERIAL; BANDWIDTH; EFFICIENT AB A wideband, electrically small, planar, coupled D-ring subwavelength resonator antenna is presented. Two planar coupled D-ring resonators operating at even mode have been demonstrated experimentally to have a strong coupling to radiation. In this paper, we investigate a novel feeding method of driving the planar coupled D-rings to achieve a wide bandwidth. Dual-mode radiation is observed in the antenna. In one mode, the coupled D-ring driven by the inter-digital monopole acts as a major radiator resonating at a frequency of 1.7 GHz. In another mode, the driving monopole becomes a major radiator capable of resonating at a lower frequency of 1.2 GHz due to an embedded matching network comprised of the D-ring and a meandering line. As a result, the antenna can achieve an impedance bandwidth of 1 GHz-1.7 GHz. The antenna has a size, in terms of ka, of 0.49 to 0.75 over the bandwidth. The efficiency of the antenna is predicted to be very close to the upper bound given by the Chu limit. C1 [Bai, Jian; Shi, Shouyuan; Wilson, John P.; Prather, Dennis W.] Univ Delaware, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Nelson, Robert] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Bai, J (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM jbai@udel.edu; sshi@ee.udel.edu; JWils@udel.edu; dprather@ee.udel.edu RI Wilson, John/G-5350-2015 FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-07-0765] FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research under Contract N00014-07-0765. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 19 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 61 IS 5 BP 2388 EP 2396 DI 10.1109/TAP.2013.2244835 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 157BP UT WOS:000319870700004 ER PT J AU Paul, JV Collins, PJ Coutu, RA AF Paul, Jason V. Collins, Peter J. Coutu, Ronald A., Jr. TI A New Look at Azimuthal Wave Propagation Constants of an n-Layered Dielectric Coated PEC Cylinder SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE Cylindrical scatterers; electromagnetic propagation in nonhomogeneous media; electromagnetic scattering by nonhomogeneous media; electromagnetic surface waves; green function ID CIRCULAR-CYLINDER; CREEPING WAVES; SURFACE-WAVES; SCATTERING; DISPERSION; MULTILAYER AB A method for determining the azimuthal wave propagation constants supported by an n-layered dielectric coated PEC cylinder is presented. The method, based on a Green's function described in [1], is designed to optimally handle layered cylinders where the number of layers is extremely large as might be encountered in structures designed using transformational optics. The method is also tractable for any stratification profile without the need for individual layer analysis. We implement a recently developed numerical method to calculate Bessel functions of complex order and argument. Our method is verified by comparison with previously published results. We also present new results for a 5-layer case demonstrating self consistency and improved accuracy over published methods. Finally, to illustrate the method's benefits, we present a brief analysis of two multilayer structures; a multilayer variation of the coated cylinder presented in [2] and an example of a 7-layer case that approximates a material parameter gradient. C1 [Paul, Jason V.; Collins, Peter J.; Coutu, Ronald A., Jr.] USAF, Inst Technol Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Paul, JV (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM jason.paul@us.af.mil; peter.collins@afit.edu; ronald.coutu@afit.edu RI Coutu, Ronald/I-7711-2014 NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 61 IS 5 BP 2727 EP 2734 DI 10.1109/TAP.2013.2242820 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 157BP UT WOS:000319870700041 ER PT J AU Sytsma, MJ Ukeiley, L AF Sytsma, Michael Jon Ukeiley, Lawrence TI Mean Loads from Wind-Tunnel Turbulence on Low-Aspect-Ratio Flat Plates SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 50th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit including the New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition CY JAN 06-13, 2012 CL Nashville, TN SP AIAA, US AF Off Sci Res ID PASSIVE SCALAR; FLIGHT; STATISTICS; FLOW AB Turbulence grids are employed in an investigation to study the effects of freestream turbulence levels on aerodynamic loads for several low-aspect-ratio flat-plate wings. The objective of this research was to investigate how large levels of freestream turbulence affect a fixed wing in a low-speed turbulent flow. This paper specifically focuses on time-averaged mean load measurements of wings with three aspect ratios in highly turbulent and low-turbulence baseline flows. Relevant findings are that the presence of turbulence decreases the mean lift for an aspect ratio of 1 wing while increasing the mean lift for an aspect ratio of 2 and 4 wings. The stall angle of attack was increased for all aspect ratios investigated. Turbulence also modifies pitching moments to behave more smoothly than baseline cases. The standard deviations of the loads were found to be constant across the angle of attack, but the rolling moment was significantly increased with increasing aspect ratios. C1 [Sytsma, Michael Jon] USAF, Res Lab, Valparaiso, FL 32542 USA. [Ukeiley, Lawrence] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Sytsma, MJ (reprint author), 101 West Eglin Blvd, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RI Ukeiley, Lawrence/A-4268-2009; OI Ukeiley, Lawrence/0000-0001-8080-3249 NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD MAY-JUN PY 2013 VL 50 IS 3 BP 863 EP 870 DI 10.2514/1.C032034 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 159VQ UT WOS:000320075800019 ER PT J AU Losego, MD Blitz, IP Vaia, RA Cahill, DG Braun, PV AF Losego, Mark D. Blitz, Ian P. Vaia, Richard A. Cahill, David G. Braun, Paul V. TI Ultralow Thermal Conductivity in Organoclay Nanolaminates Synthesized via Simple Self-Assembly SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Thermal conductivity; organoclay; self-assembly; nanolaminate; interfacial thermal conductance ID TRANSPORT AB Because interfaces impede phonon transport of thermal energy, nanostructuring can transform fully dense solids into ultralow thermal conductivity materials. Here we report a simple self-assembly approach to synthesizing organoclay nanolaminates with cross-planar thermal conductivities below 0.10 W m(-1) K-1-a 5-fold decrease compared to unmodified clay. These organoclays are produced via alkylammonium cation exchange with colloidally dispersed montmorillonite clay sheets followed by solvent casting. Time-domain thermoreflectance (TDTR) is used to evaluate the thermal conductivity of the organoclay nanolaminates. Variations in both organic layer thickness and cation chemistry are investigated. At these interface densities (1.0-1.5 interfaces/nm), we demonstrate that thermal conductivity is relatively independent of nanolaminate spacing. A simple series resistance model describes the behavior and gives an interfacial thermal conductance value of approximate to 150 MW m(-2) K-1 for the organic/clay interface, consistent with similar organic-inorganic interfaces. The wide range of compositional substitutions and structural variations possible in these materials, make organoclays a versatile new platform for investigating the underlying physics of nanolaminate structures. C1 [Losego, Mark D.; Cahill, David G.; Braun, Paul V.] Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Blitz, Ian P.] Univ Illinois, Dept Chem, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Vaia, Richard A.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Cahill, DG (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 1304 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM d-cahill@illinois.edu; pbraun@illinois.edu RI Losego, Mark/A-8042-2009; Cahill, David/B-3495-2014 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) MURI [FA9550-08-1-0407]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-07ER46453, DE-FG02-07ER46471] FX We thank Professor Jeff Moore for use of his DSC system and Dr. Dong-Wook Oh for assistance with the RBS measurements. This work is supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) MURI FA9550-08-1-0407. Fabrication and characterization were carried out in part in the Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, which is partially supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under grants DE-FG02-07ER46453 and DE-FG02-07ER46471. NR 19 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 6 U2 61 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 13 IS 5 BP 2215 EP 2219 DI 10.1021/nl4007326 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 143TZ UT WOS:000318892400055 PM 23594105 ER PT J AU Biswas, S Duan, JS Nepal, D Pachter, R Vaia, R AF Biswas, Sushmita Duan, Jinsong Nepal, Dhriti Pachter, Ruth Vaia, Richard TI Plasmonic Resonances in Self-Assembled Reduced Symmetry Gold Nanorod Structures SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Surface plasmons; dark modes; Dolmen; Fano resonances; gold nanorods ID FANO RESONANCES; TRANSFORMATION-OPTICS; DIMERS; NANOSTRUCTURES; LIGHT; NANOPLASMONICS; METAMATERIALS; NANOCAVITIES; MONOLAYERS; BREAKING AB Self-assembled plasmonic Dolmen structures consisting of small gold nanorods (length = 50 nm and diameter = 20 nm) with a few nanometer gaps are observed to show coherent effects of super-radiance and characteristics of Fano resonance due to the significantly reduced symmetry of the structure. Relative to previous larger structures from top-down electron-beam lithography, the single crystallinity and atomically smooth surfaces of these self-assembled plasmonic structures result in 50% narrower resonances, and the small gaps with associated strong coupling enable observation of multiple dark and bright modes. By tilting the cap monomer with respect to the base dimer an order of magnitude increase in E-field enhancement at the Fano dip is obtained. In addition, a spectrally broad mode is observed indicating the strong impact of the geometry of the structure on the nature of coupled modes. The highly localized electric near-fields in the gaps will enable strong light matter interactions and the narrow resonances will be useful for improved figure of merits in inexpensive chemical and biosensing. C1 [Biswas, Sushmita; Duan, Jinsong; Nepal, Dhriti; Pachter, Ruth; Vaia, Richard] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Vaia, R (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2941 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Richard.Vaia@wpafb.af.mil NR 38 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 125 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 13 IS 5 BP 2220 EP 2225 DI 10.1021/nl4007358 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 143TZ UT WOS:000318892400056 PM 23607657 ER PT J AU Wu, Y Zhang, ZL Ombrello, TM Katta, VR AF Wu, Yue Zhang, Zhili Ombrello, Timothy M. Katta, Viswanath R. TI Quantitative Radar REMPI measurements of methyl radicals in flames at atmospheric pressure SO APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS LA English DT Article ID PHOTOIONIZATION CROSS-SECTION; RING-DOWN SPECTROSCOPY; VACUUM-ULTRAVIOLET; MULTIPHOTON IONIZATION; OSCILLATOR-STRENGTHS; PHOTODISSOCIATION; EXCITATION; CH3; SCATTERING; DYNAMICS AB Spatially resolved quantitative measurements of methyl radicals (CH3) in CH4/air flames at atmospheric pressure have been achieved using coherent microwave Rayleigh scattering from Resonance enhanced multi-photon ionization, Radar REMPI. Relative direct measurements of the methyl radicals were conducted by Radar REMPI via the two-photon resonance of the state and subsequent one-photon ionization. Due to the proximity of the argon resonance state of 2s (2)2p (5)4f [7/2, J = 4](4+1 REMPI by 332.5 nm) with the CH3 state of (2+1 REMPI by 333.6 nm), in situ calibration with argon was performed to quantify the absolute concentration of CH3. The REMPI cross sections of CH3 and argon were calculated based on time-dependent quantum perturbation theory. The measured CH3 concentration in CH4/air flames was in good agreement with numerical simulations performed using detailed chemical kinetics. The Radar REMPI method has shown great flexibility for spatial scanning, large signal-to-noise ratio for measurements at atmospheric pressures, and significant potential to be straightforwardly generalized for the quantitative measurements of other radicals and intermediate species in practical and relevant combustion environments. C1 [Wu, Yue; Zhang, Zhili] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Ombrello, Timothy M.] USAF, Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Katta, Viswanath R.] Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. RP Zhang, ZL (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM zzhang24@utk.edu RI Zhang, Zhili/F-1305-2010 OI Zhang, Zhili/0000-0002-0831-0471 FU NSF [CBET-1032523] FX The work at the University of Tennessee Knoxville was supported by NSF CBET-1032523. We also thank Dr. James R. Gord, Dr. Sukesh Roy and Dr. Hans Stauffer at the Air Force Research Laboratory for insightful discussions with regard to multiphoton ionization. NR 40 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0946-2171 J9 APPL PHYS B-LASERS O JI Appl. Phys. B-Lasers Opt. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 111 IS 3 BP 391 EP 397 DI 10.1007/s00340-013-5345-1 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 157EU UT WOS:000319879500007 ER PT J AU Boxx, I Carter, CD Stohr, M Meier, W AF Boxx, Isaac Carter, Campbell D. Stoehr, Michael Meier, Wolfgang TI Study of the mechanisms for flame stabilization in gas turbine model combustors using kHz laser diagnostics SO EXPERIMENTS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID SWIRL FLAME; INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; FLOW-FIELD; OH-PLIF; INSTABILITIES; TEMPERATURE; THERMOMETRY; DYNAMICS; PIV AB An image-processing routine was developed to autonomously identify and statistically characterize flame-kernel events, wherein OH (from a planar laser-induced fluorescence, PLIF, measurement) appears in the probe region away from the contiguous OH layer. This routine was applied to datasets from two gas turbine model combustors that consist of thousands of joint OH-velocity images from kHz framerate OH-PLIF and particle image velocimetry (PIV). Phase sorting of the kernel centroids with respect to the dominant fluid-dynamic structure of the combustors (a helical precessing vortex core, PVC) indicates through-plane transport of reacting fluid best explains their sudden appearance in the PLIF images. The concentration of flame-kernel events around the periphery of the mean location of the PVC indicates they are likely the result of wrinkling and/or breakup of the primary flame sheet associated with the passage of the PVC as it circumscribes the burner centerline. The prevailing through-plane velocity of the swirling flow-field transports these fragments into the imaging plane of the OH-PLIF system. The lack of flame-kernel events near the center of the PVC (in which there is lower strain and longer fluid-dynamic residence times) indicates that auto-ignition is not a likely explanation for these flame kernels in a majority of cases. The lack of flame-kernel centroid variation in one flame in which there is no PVC further supports this explanation. C1 [Boxx, Isaac; Stoehr, Michael; Meier, Wolfgang] German Aerosp Ctr, Inst Combust Technol, Stuttgart, Germany. [Carter, Campbell D.] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. RP Boxx, I (reprint author), German Aerosp Ctr, Inst Combust Technol, Stuttgart, Germany. EM Isaac.Boxx@dlr.de FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); European Office of Aerospace Research and Development (EOARD) [FA8655-10-1-3052] FX This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) and The European Office of Aerospace Research and Development (EOARD) through Grant FA8655-10-1-3052. Christoph Arndt participated in one of the measurement campaigns that produced data analyzed in the present study. NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0723-4864 J9 EXP FLUIDS JI Exp. Fluids PD MAY PY 2013 VL 54 IS 5 AR 1532 DI 10.1007/s00348-013-1532-4 PG 17 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 151AL UT WOS:000319432900003 ER PT J AU Premnath, SN Jana, S Croft, J Gowda, PL Clark, M Kasera, SK Patwari, N Krishnamurthy, SV AF Premnath, Sriram Nandha Jana, Suman Croft, Jessica Gowda, Prarthana Lakshmane Clark, Mike Kasera, Sneha Kumar Patwari, Neal Krishnamurthy, Srikanth V. TI Secret Key Extraction from Wireless Signal Strength in Real Environments SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MOBILE COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE Wireless networks; multipath fading; physical layer; cryptography; key generation ID INFORMATION; AGREEMENT; CHANNELS AB We evaluate the effectiveness of secret key extraction, for private communication between two wireless devices, from the received signal strength (RSS) variations on the wireless channel between the two devices. We use real world measurements of RSS in a variety of environments and settings. The results from our experiments with 802.11-based laptops show that 1) in certain environments, due to lack of variations in the wireless channel, the extracted bits have very low entropy making these bits unsuitable for a secret key, 2) an adversary can cause predictable key generation in these static environments, and 3) in dynamic scenarios where the two devices are mobile, and/or where there is a significant movement in the environment, high entropy bits are obtained fairly quickly. Building on the strengths of existing secret key extraction approaches, we develop an environment adaptive secret key generation scheme that uses an adaptive lossy quantizer in conjunction with Cascade-based information reconciliation [9] and privacy amplification [15]. Our measurements show that our scheme, in comparison to the existing ones that we evaluate, performs the best in terms of generating high entropy bits at a high bit rate. The secret key bit streams generated by our scheme also pass the randomness tests of the NIST test suite [1] that we conduct. We also build and evaluate the performance of secret key extraction using small, low-power, hand-held devices-Google Nexus One phones-that are equipped 802.11 wireless network cards. Last, we evaluate secret key extraction in a multiple input multiple output (MIMO)-like sensor network testbed that we create using multiple TelosB sensor nodes. We find that our MIMO-like sensor environment produces prohibitively high bit mismatch, which we address using an iterative distillation stage that we add to the key extraction process. Ultimately, we show that the secret key generation rate is increased when multiple sensors are involved in the key extraction process. C1 [Premnath, Sriram Nandha; Gowda, Prarthana Lakshmane; Kasera, Sneha Kumar] Univ Utah, Sch Comp, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Jana, Suman] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Comp Sci, Austin, TX 78703 USA. [Croft, Jessica; Patwari, Neal] Univ Utah, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Clark, Mike] USAF, Res Lab, Beavercreek, OH 45430 USA. [Krishnamurthy, Srikanth V.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Premnath, SN (reprint author), Univ Utah, Sch Comp, 50 S Cent Campus Dr,MEB Room 3190, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM nandha@cs.utah.edu; suman@cs.utexas.edu; jessica.croft@utah.edu; gowda@cs.utah.edu; michael.clark2@wpafb.af.mil; kasera@cs.utah.edu; npatwari@ece.utah.edu; krish@cs.ucr.edu FU US National Science Foundation [0855261, 0831490]; ONR/ARL MURI [W911NF-07-1-0318] FX This material is based on work supported by the US National Science Foundation under Grants No. 0855261 and No. 0831490, and by the ONR/ARL MURI Grant W911NF-07-1-0318. This paper extends our conference paper [17]. NR 28 TC 41 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 10 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1536-1233 EI 1558-0660 J9 IEEE T MOBILE COMPUT JI IEEE. Trans. Mob. Comput. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 12 IS 5 BP 917 EP 930 DI 10.1109/TMC.2012.63 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA 150QZ UT WOS:000319407200009 ER PT J AU Rice, CA Gross, KC Perram, GP AF Rice, Christopher A. Gross, Kevin C. Perram, Glen P. TI Investigation of atmospheric using open-path tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy SO APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS LA English DT Article ID EMISSIONS; OXYGEN AB A tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) device fiber coupled to a pair of 12.5 in. telescopes was used to study atmospheric propagation for open path lengths of 100-1,000 meters. More than 50 rotational lines in the molecular oxygen A-band O-2 transition near 760 nm were observed. Temperatures were determined from the Boltzmann rotational distribution to within 1.3 % (less than +/- 2 K). Oxygen concentration was obtained from the integrated spectral area of the absorption features to within 1.6 % (less than +/- 0.04 x 10(18) molecules/cm(3)). Pressure was determined independently from the pressure-broadened Voigt lineshapes to within 10 %. A fourier transform interferometer (FTIR) was also used to observe the absorption spectra at 1 cm(-1) resolution. The TDLAS approach achieves a minimum observable absorbance of 0.2 %, whereas the FTIR instrument is almost 20 times less sensitive. Applications include atmospheric characterization for high energy laser propagation and validation of monocular passive raging. C1 [Rice, Christopher A.; Gross, Kevin C.; Perram, Glen P.] USAF, Dept Engn Phys, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Rice, CA (reprint author), USAF, Dept Engn Phys, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM crice@afit.edu; Kevin.Gross@afit.edu; Glen.Perram@afit.edu FU High Energy Laser Joint Technology Office (HEL-JTO); Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) FX This work was supported by the High Energy Laser Joint Technology Office (HEL-JTO) and Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR). NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 37 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0946-2171 EI 1432-0649 J9 APPL PHYS B-LASERS O JI Appl. Phys. B-Lasers Opt. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 111 IS 2 BP 173 EP 182 DI 10.1007/s00340-012-5243-y PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 147AW UT WOS:000319138500005 ER PT J AU Baron, SJF AF Baron, Sally J. F. TI Inaction speaks louder than words: The problems of passivity SO BUSINESS HORIZONS LA English DT Article DE Whistleblower; Crisis management; Player; Bystander; Sports; Joe Paterno; Vancouver Olympics AB Much has been written about bystander apathy, which occurs when an outsider (i.e., the bystander) is hesitant to act during a situation that clearly calls for action. However, what about when the individual called to act is an insider? This article asserts that insiders (i.e., players, or organizational actors) exhibit similar passive behaviors but not because they are apathetic. Players who are internal to the organization and are often responsible for the outcome are expected to act. Rather, when confounded by ambiguous situations, obfuscated communications, time pressure, and confusion, players often stand by befuddled. This article surveys two such cases. First is the recent case of Joe Paterno, the famed and beloved Penn State football coach of 62 years whose otherwise remarkable career was tainted by his failure to adequately act following a child abuse allegation of a staff member. Second is the case of the Vancouver Olympic Committee and the death of a young athlete on their newly built luge run. Those responsible failed to act when the danger of the track's extreme speeds were well known. The article compares the two cases and concludes by proposing remedies to mitigate inaction. (C) 2013 Kelley School of Business, Indiana University. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Baron, SJF (reprint author), USAF Acad, 2354 Fairchild Dr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM sally.baron@usafa.edu NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0007-6813 J9 BUS HORIZONS JI Bus. Horiz. PD MAY-JUN PY 2013 VL 56 IS 3 BP 301 EP 311 DI 10.1016/j.bushor.2013.02.001 PG 11 WC Business SC Business & Economics GA 148JM UT WOS:000319240900007 ER PT J AU Clemente-Fuentes, RJW Pickett, H Carney, M AF Clemente-Fuentes, Roselyn Jan W. Pickett, Heather Carney, Misty TI How can pregnant women safely relieve low-back pain? SO JOURNAL OF FAMILY PRACTICE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Clemente-Fuentes, Roselyn Jan W.; Pickett, Heather] Nellis Family Med Residency, Nellis AFB, NV USA. [Carney, Misty] Stimson Lib, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. RP Clemente-Fuentes, RJW (reprint author), Nellis Family Med Residency, Nellis AFB, NV USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 14 PU DOWDEN HEALTH MEDIA PI MONTVALE PA 110 SUMMIT AVE, MONTVALE, NJ 07645-1712 USA SN 0094-3509 J9 J FAM PRACTICE JI J. Fam. Pract. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 62 IS 5 BP 260 EP 268 PG 2 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 149JD UT WOS:000319314200015 PM 23691540 ER PT J AU Jauchem, JR AF Jauchem, James R. TI Pathophysiologic changes due to TASER (R) devices versus excited delirium: Potential relevance to deaths-in-custody? (vol 18, pg 145, 2011) SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC AND LEGAL MEDICINE LA English DT Correction C1 USAF, Res Lab, Human Performance Wing 711, Human Effectiveness Directorate,Directed Energy B, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. RP Jauchem, JR (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Human Performance Wing 711, Human Effectiveness Directorate,Directed Energy B, 8262 Hawks Rd, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. EM james.jauchem@brooks.af.mil NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1752-928X J9 J FORENSIC LEG MED JI J. Forensic Leg. Med. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 20 IS 4 BP 370 EP 370 DI 10.1016/j.jflm.2013.01.003 PG 1 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 145XW UT WOS:000319054200041 ER PT J AU Claflin, B Leedy, KD Look, DC AF Claflin, Bruce Leedy, Kevin D. Look, David C. TI Dopant profiles in heavily doped ZnO SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE ZnO; Ga doping; x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; composition; Hall effect ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; THIN-FILMS; GA; AL AB X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is used to compare the composition as a function of depth of as-grown zinc oxide (ZnO) films heavily doped with Ga and similar samples annealed in air for 10 min at 600 degrees C, with particular attention given to the near-surface region. Films are grown by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) using a ZnO target containing 3 wt% Ga2O3. Electrical properties of these samples are determined from temperature-dependent Hall-effect measurements. The as-grown film has the following characteristics: (1) similar to 1: 1 Zn:O ratio with a Ga concentration of similar to 3.3 at %; (2) no excess Ga in the near-surface region; and (3) excellent electrical characteristics: rho = 2.42 x 10(-4) Omega-cm, n = 8.05 x 10(20) cm(-3), and mu = 32.1 cm(2)/V-s-s at 300 K. For the annealed sample: (1) the Zn: O ratio remains similar to 1: 1, but the Ga concentration is similar to 3 at %, which is similar to 10% lower than in the as-grown film; (2) similar to 7 at % Ga is measured in the near-surface region; and (3) a significant increase in resistivity to rho = 0.99 Omega-cm, n = 1.97 x 10(18) cm(-3), and mu = 3.2 cm(2)/V-s at 300 K. Analysis of the O chemical shift suggests formation of a mixed ZnO/Ga2O3 surface layer <= 5-nm-thick accounts for the observed changes in the Ga profile after annealing. (C) The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI. C1 [Claflin, Bruce; Leedy, Kevin D.; Look, David C.] USAF, Sensors Directorate, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Look, David C.] Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Look, David C.] Wyle Labs, Aerosp Div, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. RP Claflin, B (reprint author), USAF, Sensors Directorate, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM bruce.claflin@wpafb.af.mil FU AFOSR [FA9550-10-1-0079]; NSF [DMR0803276]; DOE [DE-SC0006952]; AFRL [HC1047-05-D-4005] FX We wish to thank T. A. Cooper for the Hall-effect measurements. Support for DCL was provided by AFOSR Grant FA9550-10-1-0079 (J. Hwang), NSF Grant DMR0803276 (C. Ying), DOE Grant DE-SC0006952 (R. Kortan), and AFRL Contract HC1047-05-D-4005 (D. Tomich). NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 36 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 52 IS 5 AR 053801 DI 10.1117/1.OE.52.5.053801 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA 151EI UT WOS:000319443100021 ER PT J AU Burson, RR Williamson, DE AF Burson, Rebecca R. Williamson, Douglas E. TI The Relationsihp of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder and Inflammation on Somatic Symptoms: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Combat Exposed Soldiers SO BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 68th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Society-of-Biological-Psychiatry CY MAY 16-18, 2013 CL San Francisco, CA SP Soc Biol Psychiat DE Somatic Symptoms; PTSD; Cytokines; Inflammation; Combat C1 [Burson, Rebecca R.; Williamson, Douglas E.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Burson, Rebecca R.] USAF, Wilford Hall Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0006-3223 J9 BIOL PSYCHIAT JI Biol. Psychiatry PD MAY 1 PY 2013 VL 73 IS 9 SU S MA 688 BP 219S EP 219S PG 1 WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 140RE UT WOS:000318671800675 ER PT J AU Hays, MR Morton, J Dickinson, B Chakravarty, UK Oates, WS AF Hays, Michael R. Morton, Jeffrey Dickinson, Benjamin Chakravarty, Uttam K. Oates, William S. TI Aerodynamic control of micro air vehicle wings using electroactive membranes SO JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT MATERIAL SYSTEMS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ASME Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Stuctures and Intelligent Systems (SMASIS) / Symposium on Modeling, Simulation and Control CY SEP 18-21, 2011 CL Phoenix, AZ SP ASME DE Dielectric elastomer; micro air vehicle; aerodynamics ID DIELECTRIC ELASTOMER ACTUATORS; MODEL AB Dielectric elastomer materials are ideal candidates for developing high-agility micro air vehicles due to their electric field-induced deformation. Consequently, the aero-structural response and control authority of the dielectric elastomer material, VHB 4910, are characterized on an elliptical membrane wing. An experimental membrane wing platform was constructed by stretching VHB 4910 over a rigid elliptical wing-frame. The low Reynolds number (chord Reynolds number < 10(6)) and aerodynamics of the elliptical wing were characterized when different electrostatic fields were applied to the membrane. We observe an overall increase in lift with maximum gains of 20% at an applied voltage of 4.5 kV and demonstrate the ability to delay stall. The time-averaged aerodynamic surface pressure is also investigated by comparing sting balance data and membrane deformation measured using visual image correlation. The experimental results are compared to a nonlinear finite element membrane model to further understand the effects of aerodynamic load and electric fields on membrane displacements. Model predictions of surface pressure provide insight into how the electrostrictive constitutive relations influence the fluid-structure interactions of the membrane. This is validated by comparing lift predictions from the model with time-averaged wind tunnel lift measurements near stall. C1 [Hays, Michael R.; Morton, Jeffrey; Oates, William S.] Florida A&M, Dept Mech Engn, FCAAP, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. [Hays, Michael R.; Morton, Jeffrey; Oates, William S.] Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. [Dickinson, Benjamin] USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL USA. [Chakravarty, Uttam K.] Univ New Orleans, Dept Mech Engn, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. RP Oates, WS (reprint author), Florida A&M, Dept Mech Engn, FCAAP, 2525 Pottsdamer St, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. EM woates@eng.fsu.edu NR 32 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1045-389X J9 J INTEL MAT SYST STR JI J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 24 IS 7 SI SI BP 862 EP 878 DI 10.1177/1045389X12470303 PG 17 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 143IU UT WOS:000318861800009 ER PT J AU Riggins, DW Camberos, J Wolff, M Bowcutt, K AF Riggins, David W. Camberos, Jose Wolff, Mitch Bowcutt, Kevin TI Mission-Integrated Exergy Analysis for Hypersonic Vehicles: Methodology and Application SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 50th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit including the New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition CY JAN 06-13, 2012 CL Nashville, TN SP AIAA, US AF Off Sci Res ID 3-DIMENSIONAL FLOWFIELD COMPUTATIONS; WAKE INTEGRATION; THRUST LOSSES; PERFORMANCE; PROPULSION; ENGINES; AVAILABILITY AB Recently developed theoretical work in which energy (the first law of thermodynamics) and entropy (the second law of thermodynamics) considerations are consistently applied to aerospace vehicles is used to provide a detailed exergy (availability) and performance analysis for an airbreathing hypersonic vehicle. An acceleration and climb mission at constant freestream dynamic pressure is performed with detailed instantaneous and time-integrated audits of entropy generation in and over the vehicle and in the vehicle wake. Entropy generation in the vehicle wake ranges from five to eight times the total entropy generation in and over the vehicle. The impact of irreversibility occurring in and over the vehicle itself on the total entropy generation in the wake is a small fraction of the overall wake losses. Fifteen percent of the overall energy input during the mission actually goes into productive acceleration and climb. The remainder is associated with the generation of entropy due to irreversibility in and over the vehicle and in the vehicle wake. The propulsion system is responsible for almost all entropy generation associated solely with the vehicle (excluding the overwhelmingly dominant contribution of the vehicle wake), and entropy generation in the combustor alone represents 85% of the total propulsion system loss. C1 [Riggins, David W.] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. [Camberos, Jose] USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Wolff, Mitch] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Bowcutt, Kevin] Boeing Co, Huntington Beach, CA 92647 USA. RP Riggins, DW (reprint author), Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 23 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 EI 1533-3876 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD MAY-JUN PY 2013 VL 29 IS 3 BP 610 EP 620 DI 10.2514/1.B34733 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 142VT UT WOS:000318826400012 ER PT J AU Miracle, DB AF Miracle, Daniel B. TI The density and packing fraction of binary metallic glasses SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Atomic structure; Free volume; Glass-forming ability; Metallic glass; Modelling ID FORMING ABILITY; STRUCTURAL MODEL; AMORPHOUS PHASE; ATOMIC PACKING; VOLUME CHANGE; LIQUIDS; ALLOYS; STABILITY AB The present work develops a physical model of metallic glass structure that gives a reasonable estimate of density. The efficient cluster-packing model is used as a starting point, and is refined by a high-fidelity estimate of the size of structure-forming clusters and cluster cluster separations. These are predicted as continuous functions of composition and relative atom radii. Predicted densities are all are within +/- 10% of measured densities for 200 binary metallic glasses, representing a precision in cluster cluster separations of +/- 3%. New structural insights from this work include the importance of acknowledging the unique cluster topologies to estimate cluster-cluster separations; an improved ability to estimate the higher packing efficiency of unlike atoms in the first coordination shell of atomic clusters; and an improved estimate of metalloid-metalloid separations. The unusual, bilinear influence of composition on density in Fe-B glasses is explained by considering the sizes of beta and gamma sites in different metallic glass structures. Global atom packing fractions derived from measured densities range from about 0.62 to 0.76, and the most stable binary glasses all have packing fractions in excess of 0.70, supporting the idea that atom packing efficiency influences glass stability. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Miracle, DB (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM daniel.miracle@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [10RX14COR] FX Dr. Oleg Senkov and Prof. Kevin Laws are graciously acknowledged for their comments and suggestions. Support by a grant from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research is gratefully acknowledged (Grant 10RX14COR, Dr. M. Berman, Program Manager). NR 34 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 7 U2 93 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 EI 1873-2453 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 61 IS 9 BP 3157 EP 3171 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2013.02.005 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 138TS UT WOS:000318533500003 ER PT J AU Hay, RS Boakye, EE Mogilevsky, P Fair, GE Parthasarathy, TA Davis, JE AF Hay, R. S. Boakye, E. E. Mogilevsky, P. Fair, G. E. Parthasarathy, T. A. Davis, J. E. TI Transformation Plasticity in (GdxDy1-x)PO4 Fiber Coatings During Fiber Push Out SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID FIBER/ALUMINA-MATRIX COMPOSITES; HIGH-TEMPERATURE STABILITY; OXIDE-OXIDE COMPOSITES; WOVEN CERAMIC FIBERS; OXIDE/OXIDE COMPOSITES; MONAZITE COATINGS; ALUMINA; INTERPHASES; XENOTIME; INTERFACES AB The reduction in fiber push-out stress by transformation plasticity in xenotime rare-earth orthophosphate fibermatrix interphases was demonstrated. Processing methods for transformable xenotime coatings were explored. For conversion to xenotime during processing, (GdxDy1x)PO4 solid solutions had to be more Dy-rich than those for pellets. Single-crystal alumina fibers were coated with 1020m of (Gd0.4Dy0.6)PO4 xenotime and incorporated into polycrystalline alumina matrices. Coated fiber push-out stresses were between 10 and 80MPa, significantly lower than those for fibers with other rare-earth orthophosphates coatings. Phase transformations and deformation mechanisms were characterized by SEM and TEM in fiber coatings after push out. Bands of deformed coating several micrometers in width formed during fiber push out. Cataclastic flow with fracture, granulation, translation, rotation, and intense plastic deformation of coating grains was observed. Three phase transformations may occur in heavily deformed particles in the deformation band: xenotime monazite, xenotime anhydrite, and anhydrite monazite. Anhydrite was abundant as a fine lamellar phase on (100) planes in xenotime. Selected area electron diffraction and high-resolution TEM confirmed formation of monazite in a variety of heavily deformed particles. Issues for use of rare-earth orthophosphate transformation plasticity to lower fiber pull-out stress in ceramic matrix composites are discussed. C1 [Hay, R. S.; Fair, G. E.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Boakye, E. E.; Mogilevsky, P.; Parthasarathy, T. A.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Davis, J. E.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Hay, RS (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM Randall.Hay@wpafb.af.mil NR 50 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 96 IS 5 BP 1586 EP 1595 DI 10.1111/jace.12301 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 142ML UT WOS:000318801400039 ER PT J AU Melgaard, SD Seletskiy, DV Di Lieto, A Tonelli, M Sheik-Bahae, M AF Melgaard, Seth D. Seletskiy, Denis V. Di Lieto, Alberto Tonelli, Mauro Sheik-Bahae, Mansoor TI Optical refrigeration to 119 K, below National Institute of Standards and Technology cryogenic temperature SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID THULIUM-DOPED GLASS; LASER AB We report on bulk optical refrigeration of Yb:YLF crystal to a temperature of similar to 124 K, starting from the ambient. This is achieved by pumping the E4-E5 Stark multiplet transition at similar to 1020 nm. A lower temperature of 119 +/- 1 K (similar to - 154C) with available cooling power of 18 mW is attained when the temperature of the surrounding crystal is reduced to 210 K. This result is within only a few degrees of the minimum achievable temperature of our crystal and signifies the bulk solid-state laser cooling below the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)-defined cryogenic temperature of 123 K. (C) 2013 Optical Society of America C1 [Melgaard, Seth D.; Seletskiy, Denis V.; Sheik-Bahae, Mansoor] Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Di Lieto, Alberto; Tonelli, Mauro] Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, Nanosci Insitute CNR, NEST, I-56127 Pisa 3, Italy. [Seletskiy, Denis V.] USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Melgaard, SD (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, 800 Yale Blvd NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM melgaard@unm.edu RI Seletskiy, Denis/G-5523-2011; Seletskiy, Denis/C-1372-2011 OI Seletskiy, Denis/0000-0003-3480-4595; Seletskiy, Denis/0000-0003-3480-4595 FU AFOSR Multi-University Research Initiative [FA9550-04-1-0356]; National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the Air Force Research Laboratory; National Science Foundation [1160764] FX This work was supported by an AFOSR Multi-University Research Initiative, grant No. FA9550-04-1-0356, entitled Consortium for Laser Cooling in Solids. D. V. S. acknowledges the support of a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the Air Force Research Laboratory as well as partial support by the National Science Foundation Fellowship under award No. 1160764. NR 18 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 25 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD MAY 1 PY 2013 VL 38 IS 9 BP 1588 EP 1590 DI 10.1364/OL.38.001588 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 137HF UT WOS:000318425600077 PM 23632561 ER PT J AU Hsu, PS Kulatilaka, WD Roy, S Gord, JR AF Hsu, Paul S. Kulatilaka, Waruna D. Roy, Sukesh Gord, James R. TI Investigation of optical fibers for high-repetition-rate, ultraviolet planar laser-induced fluorescence of OH SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID FUSED-SILICA FIBERS; BURST-MODE LASER; TRANSMISSION PROPERTIES; IMAGE VELOCIMETRY; PULSED-LASER; 10 KHZ; DAMAGE; DEPENDENCE; RADIATION; GLASS AB We investigate the fundamental transmission characteristics of nanosecond-duration, 10 kHz repetition rate, ultraviolet (UV) laser pulses through state-of-the-art, UV-grade fused-silica fibers being used for hydroxyl radical (OH) planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) imaging. Studied in particular are laser-induced damage thresholds (LIDTs), nonlinear absorption, and optical transmission stability during long-term UV irradiation. Solarization (photodegradation) effects are significantly enhanced when the fiber is exposed to high-repetition-rate, 283 nm UV irradiation. For 10 kHz laser pulses, two-photon absorption is strong and LIDTs are low, as compared to those of laser pulses propagating at 10 Hz. The fiber characterization results are utilized to perform single-laser-shot, OH-PLIF imaging in pulsating turbulent flames with a laser that operates at 10 kHz. The nearly spatially uniform output beam that exits a long multimode fiber becomes ideal for PLIF measurements. The proof-of-concept measurements show significant promise for extending the application of a fiber-coupled, high-speed OH-PLIF system to harsh environments such as combustor test beds, and potential system improvements are suggested. (C) 2013 Optical Society of America C1 [Hsu, Paul S.; Kulatilaka, Waruna D.; Roy, Sukesh] Spectral Energies LLC, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Gord, James R.] USAF, Res Lab, AerospaceSyst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Roy, S (reprint author), Spectral Energies LLC, 5100 Springfield St,Suite 301, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. EM sroy@woh.rr.com FU United States Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); United States Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-12-C-2200] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge useful discussions with Dr. Anil K. Patnaik of the Air Force Research Laboratory. Funding for this research was provided by the United States Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR, Dr. Chiping Li, Program Manager) and by the United States Air Force Research Laboratory under Contract No. FA8650-12-C-2200 (AFRL, Ms. Amy Lynch, Program Manager). This manuscript has been cleared for public release (No. 88ABW-2013-0759). NR 47 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 18 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD MAY 1 PY 2013 VL 52 IS 13 BP 3108 EP 3115 DI 10.1364/AO.52.003108 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 137FW UT WOS:000318421900022 PM 23669781 ER PT J AU Hawks, MR Vincent, RA Martin, J Perram, GP AF Hawks, Michael R. Vincent, R. Anthony Martin, Jacob Perram, Glen P. TI Short-Range Demonstrations of Monocular Passive Ranging Using O-2 (X-3 Sigma(-)(g) -> b(1)Sigma(+)(g)) Absorption Spectra SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Atmospheric absorption; Passive ranging; Molecular oxygen; Target location; Target tracking AB The depth of absorption bands in observed spectra of distant, bright sources can be used to estimate range to the source. Experimental results are presented based on observations of the O-2 X(v '' = 0) -> b(v' = 0) absorption band centered around 762 nm and the O-2 X(v '' = 0) -> b(v' = 1) band around 689 urn. Range is estimated by comparing observed values of band-average absorption against predicted curves derived from either historical data or model predictions. Accuracy of better than 0.5% was verified in short-range (up to 3 kin), static experiments using a high-resolution (1 cm(-1)) spectroradiometer. This method was also tested against the exhaust plume of a Falcon 9 rocket launched from Cape Canaveral, Florida. The rocket was launched from an initial range of 13 km and tracked for 90 s after ignition. Range error was below 2% for the first 30 s and consistent with predicted error throughout the track. C1 [Hawks, Michael R.; Martin, Jacob; Perram, Glen P.] USAF, Inst Technol Wright Patterson AFB, Dept Engn Phys, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Vincent, R. Anthony] USAF Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80909 USA. RP Perram, GP (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol Wright Patterson AFB, Dept Engn Phys, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM glen.perram@afit.edu FU National Air and Space Intelligence Center (NASIC) FX Portions of this work were funded by the National Air and Space Intelligence Center (NASIC). Special thanks are also due to Space-X and the 45th Space Wing for providing the best estimate of trajectory. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 5320 SPECTRUM DRIVE SUITE C, FREDERICK, MD 21703 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 67 IS 5 BP 513 EP 519 DI 10.1366/12-06673 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 135CD UT WOS:000318262700005 PM 23643040 ER PT J AU Veksler, VD Gray, WD Schoelles, MJ AF Veksler, Vladislav D. Gray, Wayne D. Schoelles, Michael J. TI Goal-Proximity Decision-Making SO COGNITIVE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Associative learning; Reinforcement learning; Spreading activation; Decision-making ID MODEL; NAVIGATION; SYSTEMS AB Reinforcement learning (RL) models of decision-making cannot account for human decisions in the absence of prior reward or punishment. We propose a mechanism for choosing among available options based on goal-option association strengths, where association strengths between objects represent previously experienced object proximity. The proposed mechanism, Goal-Proximity Decision-making (GPD), is implemented within the ACT-R cognitive framework. GPD is found to be more efficient than RL in three maze-navigation simulations. GPD advantages over RL seem to grow as task difficulty is increased. An experiment is presented where participants are asked to make choices in the absence of prior reward. GPD captures human performance in this experiment better than RL. C1 [Veksler, Vladislav D.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Gray, Wayne D.; Schoelles, Michael J.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Cognit Sci, Troy, NY 12181 USA. RP Veksler, VD (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM vdv718@gmail.com RI Gray, Wayne/C-1809-2008 OI Gray, Wayne/0000-0002-1704-7433 NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0364-0213 J9 COGNITIVE SCI JI Cogn. Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2013 VL 37 IS 4 BP 757 EP 774 DI 10.1111/cogs.12034 PG 18 WC Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA 139ZZ UT WOS:000318625200008 PM 23551486 ER PT J AU Ma, X Xue, YH Dai, LM Urbas, A Li, Q AF Ma, Xiang Xue, Yuhua Dai, Liming Urbas, Augustine Li, Quan TI Hydrophilic Cucurbit[7]uril-Pseudorotaxane-Anchored-Monolayer-Protected Gold Nanorods SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Nanostructures; Nanoparticles; Monolayers; Gold; Rotaxanes; Cucurbituril ID LIGHT-DRIVEN; ASPECT-RATIO; NANOPARTICLES; ROTAXANES; HOST AB Cucurbit[n]uril-based rotaxane or pseudorotaxane devices connected to gold electrode surfaces and spherical gold nanoparticles have previously been developed. Herein, we report the preparation and characterization of gold nanorods (GNRs) protected by a hydrophilic cucurbit[7]uril-based-pseudorotaxane anchored monolayer. The resulting GNRs decorated with both cucurbit[7]uril-based pseudorotaxane disulfide and sodium thioctate on their entire surface through covalent SAu linkages are water-soluble as well as stable in both solution and the solid state. C1 [Ma, Xiang; Li, Quan] Kent State Univ, Inst Liquid Crystal, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Xue, Yuhua; Dai, Liming] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Macromol Sci & Engn, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Urbas, Augustine] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Li, Q (reprint author), Kent State Univ, Inst Liquid Crystal, Kent, OH 44242 USA. EM qli1@kent.edu RI Ma, Xiang/F-6665-2014 OI Ma, Xiang/0000-0002-8679-4491 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [AFOSR FA9550-09-1-0254] FX This work was financially supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR FA9550-09-1-0254). The TEM data were obtained at the (cryo) TEM facility at the Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, supported by the Ohio Research Scholars Program Research Cluster on Surface in Advanced Materials. Dr. M. Gao is acknowledged for helpful discussion. NR 39 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 51 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1434-1948 J9 EUR J INORG CHEM JI Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. PD MAY PY 2013 IS 14 BP 2682 EP 2686 DI 10.1002/ejic.201300010 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 138LO UT WOS:000318510300024 ER PT J AU Yoder, BA Stoddard, RA Li, M King, J Dirnberger, DR Abbasi, S AF Yoder, Bradley A. Stoddard, Ronald A. Li, Ma King, Jerald Dirnberger, Daniel R. Abbasi, Soraya TI Heated, Humidified High-Flow Nasal Cannula Versus Nasal CPAP for Respiratory Support in Neonates SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE high-flow nasal cannula; CPAP; respiratory support; NICU ID POSITIVE AIRWAY PRESSURE; PRETERM INFANTS; OXYGEN; THERAPY; VENTILATION; APNEA; CARE AB BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Heated, humidified high-flow nasal cannula (HHHFNC) is commonly used as a noninvasive mode of respiratory support in the NICU. The safety and efficacy of HHHFNC have not been compared with other modes of noninvasive support in large randomized trials. The objective was to assess the efficacy and safety of HHHFNC compared with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) for noninvasive respiratory support in the NICU. METHODS: Randomized, controlled, unblinded noncrossover trial in 432 infants ranging from 28 to 42 weeks' gestational age with planned nCPAP support, as either primary therapy or postextubation. The primary outcome was defined as a need for intubation within 72 hours of applied noninvasive therapy. RESULTS: There was no difference in early failure for HHHFNC (23/212 [10.8%]) versus nCPAP (18/220 [8.2%]; P = .344), subsequent need for any intubation (32/212 [15.1%] vs 25/220 [11.4%]; P = .252), or in any of several adverse outcomes analyzed, including air leak. HHHFNC infants remained on the study mode significantly longer than nCPAP infants (median: 4 vs 2 days, respectively; P < .01), but there were no differences between study groups for days on supplemental oxygen (median: 10 vs 8 days), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (20% vs 16%), or discharge from the hospital on oxygen (19% vs 18%). CONCLUSIONS: Among infants >= 28 weeks' gestational age, HHHFNC appears to have similar efficacy and safety to nCPAP when applied immediately postextubation or early as initial noninvasive support for respiratory dysfunction. C1 [Yoder, Bradley A.; King, Jerald] Univ Utah, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Salt Lake City, UT 84158 USA. [Stoddard, Ronald A.] Utah Valley Reg Med Ctr, Provo, UT USA. [Li, Ma] Hebei Prov Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat, Shijiazhuang, Peoples R China. [Dirnberger, Daniel R.] Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Lackland AFB, TX USA. [Abbasi, Soraya] Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Yoder, BA (reprint author), Univ Utah, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, POB 581289, Salt Lake City, UT 84158 USA. EM bradley.yoder@hsc.utah.edu NR 32 TC 68 Z9 73 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAY PY 2013 VL 131 IS 5 BP E1482 EP E1490 DI 10.1542/peds.2012-2742 PG 9 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 135EO UT WOS:000318270700013 PM 23610207 ER PT J AU Weber, DW Fallis, DW Packer, MD AF Weber, Diana W. Fallis, Drew W. Packer, Mark D. TI Three-dimensional reproducibility of natural head position SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ORTHODONTICS AND DENTOFACIAL ORTHOPEDICS LA English DT Article ID POSTURE; ORIENTATION; CEPHALOGRAMS; ACQUISITION AB Introduction: Although natural head position has proven to be reliable in the sagittal plane, with an increasing interest in 3-dimensional craniofacial analysis, a determination of its reproducibility in the coronal and axial planes is essential. This study was designed to evaluate the reproducibility of natural head position over time in the sagittal, coronal, and axial planes of space with 3-dimensional imaging. Methods: Three-dimensional photographs were taken of 28 adult volunteers (ages, 18-40 years) in natural head position at 5 times: baseline, 4 hours, 8 hours, 24 hours, and 1 week. Using the true vertical and horizontal laser lines projected in an iCAT cone-beam computed tomography machine (Imaging Sciences International, Hatfield, Pa) for orientation, we recorded references for natural head position on the patient's face with semipermanent markers. By using a 3-dimensional camera system, photographs were taken at each time point to capture the orientation of the reference points. By superimposing each of the 5 photographs on stable anatomic surfaces, changes in the position of the markers were recorded and assessed for parallelism by using 3dMDvultus (3dMD, Atlanta, Ga) and software (Dolphin Imaging & Management Solutions, Chatsworth, Calif). Results: No statistically significant differences were observed between the 5 time points in any of the 3 planes of space. However, a statistically significant difference was observed between the mean angular deviations of 3 reference planes, with a hierarchy of natural head position reproducibility established as coronal > axial > sagittal. Conclusions: Within the parameters of this study, natural head position was found to be reproducible in the sagittal, coronal, and axial planes of space. The coronal plane had the least variation over time, followed by the axial and sagittal planes. (Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2013;143:738-44) C1 [Weber, Diana W.; Fallis, Drew W.] USAF, Tri Serv Orthodont Residency Program, Postgrad Dent Sch, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. [Weber, Diana W.; Fallis, Drew W.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, San Antonio, TX USA. [Packer, Mark D.] San Antonio Mil Hlth Syst, Dept Def Hearing, Ctr Excellence, San Antonio, TX USA. [Packer, Mark D.] San Antonio Mil Hlth Syst, Neurol & Cranial Base Surg, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Fallis, DW (reprint author), Tri Serv Orthodont Residency Program, 59th DTS SGTR,2133 Pepperell St, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. EM drew.fallis@us.af.mil NR 18 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 9 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0889-5406 J9 AM J ORTHOD DENTOFAC JI Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 143 IS 5 BP 738 EP 744 DI 10.1016/j.ajodo.2012.11.026 PG 7 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 132KB UT WOS:000318065300019 PM 23631976 ER PT J AU Ferrara, M Parker, JT Cheney, M AF Ferrara, Matthew Parker, Jason T. Cheney, Margaret TI Resolution optimization with irregularly sampled Fourier data SO INVERSE PROBLEMS LA English DT Article ID SPHEROIDAL WAVE-FUNCTIONS; RECONSTRUCTION; MRI AB Image acquisition systems such as synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and magnetic resonance imaging often measure irregularly spaced Fourier samples of the desired image. In this paper we show the relationship between sample locations, their associated backprojection weights, and image resolution as characterized by the resulting point spread function (PSF). Two new methods for computing data weights, based on different optimization criteria, are proposed. The first method, which solves a maximal-eigenvector problem, optimizes a PSF-derived resolution metric which is shown to be equivalent to the volume of the Cramer-Rao (positional) error ellipsoid in the uniform-weight case. The second approach utilizes as its performance metric the Frobenius error between the PSF operator and the ideal delta function, and is an extension of a previously reported algorithm. Our proposed extension appropriately regularizes the weight estimates in the presence of noisy data and eliminates the superfluous issue of image discretization in the choice of data weights. The Frobenius-error approach results in a Tikhonov-regularized inverse problem whose Tikhonov weights are dependent on the locations of the Fourier data as well as the noise variance. The two new methods are compared against several state-of-the-art weighting strategies for synthetic multistatic point-scatterer data, as well as an 'interrupted SAR' dataset representative of in-band interference commonly encountered in very high frequency radar applications. C1 [Ferrara, Matthew] Matrix Res Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Parker, Jason T.] USAF, Sensors Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Cheney, Margaret] Colorado State Univ, Dept Math, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Ferrara, M (reprint author), Matrix Res Inc, 1300 Res Pk Dr, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM matthew.ferrara@matrixresearch.com; jason.parker@wpafb.af.mil; cheney@math.colostate.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [FA9550-09-1-0013]; National Science Foundation [CCF-08030672] FX We thank Arje Nachman and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR)4 for supporting this work under the agreement FA9550-09-1-0013 and lab task funding. This work was also partially supported by the National Science Foundation under grant CCF-08030672. The authors thank Laurent Demanet for very helpful comments and corrections during the revision stages of this paper. We also thank Tom Kornbau for generating the circular synthetic aperture radar (CSAR) data in experiment 3, as well as Lee Potter and Linda Moore for useful discussions and collaboration on earlier work which inspired the derivation in the appendix. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0266-5611 EI 1361-6420 J9 INVERSE PROBL JI Inverse Probl. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 29 IS 5 AR 054007 DI 10.1088/0266-5611/29/5/054007 PG 21 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 131UR UT WOS:000318022700008 ER PT J AU Miranda, A Cheney, M AF Miranda, Analee Cheney, Margaret TI Imaging moving objects from multiply scattered waves and multiple sensors SO INVERSE PROBLEMS LA English DT Article AB In this paper, we develop a linearized imaging theory that combines the spatial, temporal and spectral components of multiply scattered waves as they scatter from moving objects. In particular, we consider the case of multiple fixed sensors transmitting and receiving information from multiply scattered waves. We use a priori information about the multipath background. We use a simple model for multiple scattering, namely scattering from a fixed, perfectly reflecting (mirror) plane. We base our image reconstruction and velocity estimation technique on a modification of a filtered backprojection method that produces a phase-space image. We plot examples of point-spread functions for different geometries and waveforms, and from these plots, we estimate the resolution in space and velocity. Through this analysis, we are able to identify how the imaging system depends on parameters such as bandwidth and number of sensors. We ultimately show that enhanced phase-space resolution for a distribution of moving and stationary targets in a multipath environment may be achieved using multiple sensors. C1 [Miranda, Analee] USAF, Sensors Directorate, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Cheney, Margaret] Colorado State Univ, Dept Math, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Cheney, Margaret] Colorado State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Miranda, A (reprint author), USAF, Sensors Directorate, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM analee.miranda@wpafb.af.mil; cheney@math.colostate.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory under RF Integrated Systems In-House Research [JON 76221104]; DOD High Performance Computing Modernization Program at ARL DSRC; AFRL; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-09-1-0013] FX AM was supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory under RF Integrated Systems In-House Research Contract Number JON 76221104. AM was also supported in part by a grant of computer time from the DOD High Performance Computing Modernization Program at ARL DSRC and AFRL. AM is grateful to the Air Office of Scientific Research for its continued support. MC thanks the Air Force Office of Scientific Research for support under AFOSR Contract FA9550-09-1-0013.4 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0266-5611 J9 INVERSE PROBL JI Inverse Probl. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 29 IS 5 AR 054012 DI 10.1088/0266-5611/29/5/054012 PG 14 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 131UR UT WOS:000318022700013 ER PT J AU Voccola, K Cheney, M Yazici, B AF Voccola, Kaitlyn Cheney, Margaret Yazici, Birsen TI Polarimetric synthetic-aperture inversion for extended targets in clutter SO INVERSE PROBLEMS LA English DT Article ID SCATTERING CENTERS; IMAGE-FORMATION; SAR DATA; ANGLE AB This paper presents an analytic inversion method for a polarimetric synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) in the case of an extended target embedded in clutter. The measurements are also contaminated by thermal noise. We use microlocal analysis in a statistical setting to develop a filtered-backprojection-type reconstruction method. The inversion method accommodates arbitrary waveforms and arbitrary flight paths. We model the antennas and scatterers as dipoles; scatterers are thus characterized by a spatially varying scattering matrix. We include directional scattering assumptions to distinguish a curve-like extended target from clutter, which is assumed to scatter isotropically. For the inversion we choose the backprojection filter which minimizes the mean-square error between the reconstructed image and the actual target scattering matrix. Our work differs from standard polarimetric SAR imaging in that we do not perform channel-by-channel image reconstruction. We find that it is preferable to use a coupled reconstruction scheme in which we use all sets of collected data to form each element of the scattering matrix. We show in our numerical experiments that the coupled reconstruction not only minimizes the mean-square error but also improves the image target-to-clutter ratio in certain scenarios. C1 [Voccola, Kaitlyn] USAF, Sensors Directorate, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Voccola, Kaitlyn] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Math Sci, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Voccola, Kaitlyn; Cheney, Margaret] Colorado State Univ, Dept Math, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Voccola, Kaitlyn; Cheney, Margaret] Colorado State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Cheney, Margaret] USN, Dept Appl Math, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Yazici, Birsen] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Elect Comp & Syst Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Voccola, K (reprint author), USAF, Sensors Directorate, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM kvoccola@gmail.com FU ATR Center at AFRL [FA8650-08-C-1322]; GAANN fellowship; National Research Council Postdoctoral Research Associateship program; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-09-1-0013]; National Science Foundation [CCF-08030672] FX The authors would like to thank Dr Matthew Ferrara and Dr Richard Albanese for their assistance in formulating this forward problem and inversion scheme. Also we would like to thank Dr Gerald Benitz from MIT Lincoln Laboratory for his suggestion on regularizing the matrix inversion in the numerical simulations. This work was supported by the ATR Center at AFRL6 under contract FA8650-08-C-1322, the GAANN fellowship, the National Research Council Postdoctoral Research Associateship program, the Air Force Office of Scientific Research6 under contract FA9550-09-1-0013 and the National Science Foundation under grant CCF-08030672. NR 40 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0266-5611 J9 INVERSE PROBL JI Inverse Probl. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 29 IS 5 AR 054003 DI 10.1088/0266-5611/29/5/054003 PG 25 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 131UR UT WOS:000318022700004 ER PT J AU Barron, LG Hebl, M AF Barron, Laura G. Hebl, Michelle TI The Force of Law: The Effects of Sexual Orientation Antidiscrimination Legislation on Interpersonal Discrimination in Employment SO PSYCHOLOGY PUBLIC POLICY AND LAW LA English DT Article DE discrimination; sexual orientation; gay; lesbian; prejudice ID WRONG NUMBER TECHNIQUE; GAY MEN; HELPING-BEHAVIOR; HETEROSEXUALS ATTITUDES; INTERRACIAL INTERACTION; UNITED-STATES; LESBIANS; PREJUDICE; LEGAL; EXPRESSION AB Except for some U.S. states and localities, gay men and lesbians are largely unprotected from employment discrimination. In debate over national legislation (Employment Non-Discrimination Act), some legislators have questioned the efficacy of antidiscrimination legislation. To address this issue, we conducted three studies. In Study 1, we documented public awareness of sexual orientation employment antidiscrimination laws by contacting 111 households in areas that do and do not offer city-wide protective laws. In Study 2, we examined the discrimination directed toward applicants who portrayed themselves as gay (lesbian) or nongay while applying for 295 retail jobs in neighboring cities with or without legislation. In Study 3, we conducted a lab experiment in which prior to interviewing a gay or lesbian confederate applicant for a management position, 229 participants were led to believe that their area either does or does not have sexual orientation antidiscrimination legislation. Our results, taken as a whole, reveal that public awareness of sexual orientation laws is heightened in communities with (vs. without) legislation (Study 1), that gay/lesbian applicants experience decreased discrimination when they have protective legislation (Study 2), and that reduced discrimination still occurs when legal awareness is randomly assigned and manipulated in a laboratory setting (Study 3). We discuss the theory behind these findings and aim to inform legislative debate with some of the first-known empirically based research estimates for the likely efficacy of pending national legislation (i.e., Employment Non-Discrimination Act). C1 [Barron, Laura G.] USAF, Force Management Policy Div, Washington, DC 20330 USA. [Hebl, Michelle] Rice Univ, Dept Psychol, Houston, TX 77005 USA. RP Hebl, M (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Psychol, 6100 Main St,MS 25, Houston, TX 77005 USA. EM hebl@rice.edu NR 85 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 1076-8971 J9 PSYCHOL PUBLIC POL L JI Psychol. Public Policy Law PD MAY PY 2013 VL 19 IS 2 BP 191 EP 205 DI 10.1037/a0028350 PG 15 WC Health Policy & Services; Law; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Government & Law; Psychology GA 133NU UT WOS:000318146000006 ER PT J AU O'Hara, P Duarte, CA Eason, T Garzon, J AF O'Hara, P. Duarte, C. A. Eason, T. Garzon, J. TI Efficient analysis of transient heat transfer problems exhibiting sharp thermal gradients SO COMPUTATIONAL MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE Generalized finite elements; Global-local finite elements; Multi scale methods; hp-Methods; Transient analysis ID FINITE-ELEMENT-METHOD; DYNAMIC CRACK-PROPAGATION; MECHANICS PROBLEMS; ELLIPTIC PROBLEMS; UNITY METHOD; SIMULATION; PARTITION; GROWTH; FEM; SCHEME AB In this paper, heat transfer problems with sharp spatial gradients are analyzed using the Generalized Finite Element Method with global-local enrichment functions (GFEM (gl)). With this approach, scale-bridging enrichment functions are generated on the fly, providing specially-tailored enrichment functions for the problem to be analyzed with no a-priori knowledge of the exact solution. In this work, a decomposition of the linear system of equations is formulated for both steady-state and transient heat transfer problems, allowing for a much more computationally efficient analysis of the problems of interest. With this algorithm, only a small portion of the global system of equations, i.e., the hierarchically added enrichments, need to be re-computed for each loading configuration or time-step. Numerical studies confirm that the condensation scheme does not impact the solution quality, while allowing for more computationally efficient simulations when large problems are considered. We also extend the GFEM (gl) to allow for the use of hexahedral elements in the global domain, while still using tetrahedral elements in the local domain, to allow for automatic localized mesh refinement without the use of constrained approximations. Simulations are run with the use of linear and quadratic hexahedral and tetrahedral elements in the global domain. Convergence studies indicate that the use of a different partition of unity (PoU) in the global (hexahedral elements) and local (tetrahedral elements) domains does not adversely impact the solution quality. C1 [O'Hara, P.] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Duarte, C. A.; Garzon, J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Newmark Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Eason, T.] USAF, Res Lab, Air Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP O'Hara, P (reprint author), Universal Technol Corp, 1270 North Fairfield Rd, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM patrick.ohara.ctr@wpafb.af.mil; caduarte@illinois.edu; thomas.eason@wpafb.af.mil; jgarzon2@illinois.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [09RB07COR]; U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory Air Vehicles Directorate [FA8650-06-2-3620] FX The financial support of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research through Task No. 09RB07COR (Dr. David Stargel, Program Manager), is gratefully acknowledged. The authors gratefully acknowledge the contributions of the Midwest Structural Sciences Center (MSSC) at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. The Center is supported by the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory Air Vehicles Directorate under contract number FA8650-06-2-3620. NR 46 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0178-7675 EI 1432-0924 J9 COMPUT MECH JI Comput. Mech. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 51 IS 5 BP 743 EP 764 DI 10.1007/s00466-012-0750-6 PG 22 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Mathematics; Mechanics GA 123WO UT WOS:000317422600011 ER PT J AU Pinkus, AR Poteet, MJ Pantle, AJ AF Pinkus, Alan R. Poteet, Miriam J. Pantle, Allan J. TI Search performance with discrete-cell stimulus arrays: filtered naturalistic images and probabilistic markers SO PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH-PSYCHOLOGISCHE FORSCHUNG LA English DT Article ID SINGLETON FEATURE TARGETS; VISUAL-SEARCH; EYE-MOVEMENTS; ATTENTIONAL CAPTURE; DIMENSIONS; OBJECTS; TASKS; SIMILARITY; SELECTION; GUIDANCE AB In order to partially fill the gap between search studies with artificial and naturalistic stimuli, experiments with segmented and spatially filtered images of real stimuli in the discrete cells of search arrays were conducted. RT x set size functions obtained with the spatially filtered arrays were compared with those obtained with geometric and other types of arrays. With the aid of Fourier analysis, components of target certainty/uncertainty, target-distractor similarity/dissimilarity, and distractor homogeneity/heterogeneity were evaluated for their effects on search performance and efficiency. The comparative effects of valid/invalid and ambiguous/unambiguous markers of search items were included in the experiments to probe the potential contributions of top-down and bottom-up control to search with naturalistic stimuli. Visual coding in the form of spatial frequency passbands and top-down preferences for distractor search were used to explain the results. C1 [Poteet, Miriam J.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Pantle, Allan J.] Miami Univ, Dept Psychol, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. RP Pantle, AJ (reprint author), Miami Univ, Dept Psychol, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. EM pantleaj@muohio.edu NR 47 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0340-0727 EI 1430-2772 J9 PSYCHOL RES-PSYCH FO JI Psychol. Res.-Psychol. Forsch. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 77 IS 3 BP 277 EP 302 DI 10.1007/s00426-012-0434-z PG 26 WC Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA 127GL UT WOS:000317685700003 PM 22476358 ER PT J AU Yu, WB Blair, M AF Yu, Wenbin Blair, Maxwell TI DNAD, a simple tool for automatic differentiation of Fortran codes using dual numbers SO COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Automatic differentiation; Sensitivity; Fortran 90/95/2003; Dual numbers; DNAD AB DNAD (dual number automatic differentiation) is a simple, general-purpose tool to automatically differentiate Fortran codes written in modern Fortran (F90/95/2003) or legacy codes written in previous version of the Fortran language. It implements the forward mode of automatic differentiation using the arithmetic of dual numbers and the operator overloading feature of F90/95/2003. Very minimum changes of the source codes are needed to compute the first derivatives of Fortran programs. The advantages of DNAD in comparison to other existing similar computer codes are its programming simplicity, extensibility, and computational efficiency. Specifically, DNAD is more accurate and efficient than the popular complex-step approximation. Several examples are used to demonstrate its applications and advantages. Program summary Program title: DNAD Catalogue identifier: AEOS_v1_0 Program summary URL: http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/AEOS_v1_0.html Program obtainable from: CPC Program Library, Queen's University, Belfast, N. Ireland Licensing provisions: Standard CPC licence, http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/licence/licence.html No. of lines in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 3922 No. of bytes in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 18 275 Distribution format: tar.gz Programming language: Fortran 90/95/2003. Computer: All computers with a modern FORTRAN compiler. Operating system: All platforms with a modern FORTRAN compiler. Classification: 4.12, 6.2. Nature of problem: Derivatives of outputs with respect to inputs of a Fortran code are often needed in physics, chemistry, and engineering. The author of the analysis code may no longer be available and the user may not have a deep knowledge of the code. Thus a simple tool is necessary to automatically differentiate the code with very minimum change to the source codes. This can be achieved using dual number arithmetic and operator overloading. Solution method: A new data type is defined with the first scalar component holding the function value and the second array component holding the first derivatives. All the basic operations and functions are overloaded with the new definitions according to dual number arithmetic. To differentiate an existing code, all real numbers should be replaced with this new data type and the input/output of the code should also be modified accordingly. Running time: For each additional independent variable, DNAD takes less time than the running time of the original analysis code. However, the actual running time depends on the compiler, the computer, and the operations involved in the code to be differentiated. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Yu, Wenbin] Utah State Univ, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Blair, Maxwell] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Yu, WB (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM wenbin.yu@usu.edu RI Yu, Wenbin/B-1916-2009 FU Chief Scientist Innovative Research Fund at AFRL/RB WPAFB FX The development of DNAD is supported, in part, by the Chief Scientist Innovative Research Fund at AFRL/RB WPAFB. The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsement, either expressed or implied, of the funding agency. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0010-4655 J9 COMPUT PHYS COMMUN JI Comput. Phys. Commun. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 184 IS 5 BP 1446 EP 1452 DI 10.1016/j.cpc.2012.12.025 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 124HX UT WOS:000317455500012 ER PT J AU Harnish, DA Heimbuch, BK Husband, M Lumley, AE Kinney, K Shaffer, RE Wander, JD AF Harnish, Delbert A. Heimbuch, Brian K. Husband, Michael Lumley, April E. Kinney, Kimberly Shaffer, Ronald E. Wander, Joseph D. TI Challenge of N95 Filtering Facepiece Respirators with Viable H1N1 Influenza Aerosols SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WORKPLACE PROTECTION FACTORS; HEALTH-CARE SETTINGS; TRANSMISSION; VIRUS AB OBJECTIVE. Specification of appropriate personal protective equipment for respiratory protection against influenza is somewhat controversial. In a clinical environment, N95 filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs) are often recommended for respiratory protection against infectious aerosols. This study evaluates the ability of N95 FFRs to capture viable H1N1 influenza aerosols. METHODS. Five N95 FFR models were challenged with aerosolized viable H1N1 influenza and inert polystyrene latex particles at continuous flow rates of 85 and 170 liters per minute. Virus was assayed using Madin-Darby canine kidney cells to determine the median tissue culture infective dose (TCID50). Aerosols were generated using a Collison nebulizer containing H1N1 influenza virus at 1 x 10(8) TCID50/mL. To determine filtration efficiency, viable sampling was performed upstream and downstream of the FFR. RESULTS. N95 FFRs filtered 0.8-mu m particles of both H1N1 influenza and inert origins with more than 95% efficiency. With the exception of 1 model, no statistically significant difference in filtration performance was observed between influenza and inert particles of similar size. Although statistically significant differences were observed for 2 models when comparing the 2 flow rates, the differences have no significance to protection. CONCLUSIONS. This study empirically demonstrates that a National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health-approved N95 FFR captures viable H1N1 influenza aerosols as well as or better than its N95 rating, suggesting that a properly fitted FFR reduces inhalation exposure to airborne influenza virus. This study also provides evidence that filtration efficiency is based primarily on particle size rather than the nature of the particle's origin. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2013;34(5):494-499 C1 [Harnish, Delbert A.; Heimbuch, Brian K.; Lumley, April E.; Kinney, Kimberly] Appl Res Associates, Panama City, FL 32401 USA. [Husband, Michael] US Dept HHS, Off Secretary, Preparedness & Response Biomed Adv Res & Dev Auth, Washington, DC 20201 USA. [Shaffer, Ronald E.] NIOSH, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Wander, Joseph D.] USAF, Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL USA. RP Harnish, DA (reprint author), Appl Res Associates, 430 West 5th St,Suite 700, Panama City, FL 32401 USA. EM dharnish@ara.com RI Shaffer, Ronald/I-2134-2012 FU Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response, US Department of Health and Human Services, through an Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL); National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health through AFRL FX This research was funded by the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response, US Department of Health and Human Services, through an interagency agreement with the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL). This work was also partly funded by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health through an interagency agreement with the AFRL. Representatives of both funding agencies were involved in the development of the experimental design, data interpretation, and manuscript preparation. NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 8 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 34 IS 5 SI SI BP 494 EP 499 DI 10.1086/670225 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 123XC UT WOS:000317424200008 PM 23571366 ER PT J AU Sabelkin, V Joshi, G Mall, S Porter, WJ John, R AF Sabelkin, V. Joshi, G. Mall, S. Porter, W. J. John, R. TI Monotonic tension and creep behavior of single crystal CMSX-486 under combustion environment SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE CMSX-486; Single crystal superalloys; Tensile behavior; Creep behavior; Combustion environment ID NICKEL-BASED SUPERALLOY; FATIGUE BEHAVIOR; MICROSTRUCTURE; DEFORMATION AB The monotonic tension and creep loading behavior of single crystal nickel-base superalloy, CMSX-486 was investigated at 1093 degrees C under ambient laboratory and simulated combustion environments. There was degradation in tension and creep performance under combustion environment. A reduction of about 30% in yield strength and ultimate tensile strength and 75% reduction in strain-to-failure were observed in combustion environment relative to laboratory environment. The creep rupture life reduced in combustion environment in comparison to laboratory environment. The creep rupture occurred at a lower strain level in the combustion environment when compared to laboratory environment. The laboratory environment tested specimens experienced higher % neck area reduction, exhibiting more ductility relative to the combustion tested specimens. The mass loss in combustion environment was about 3 times larger than in laboratory environment. The microstructure showed different distribution patterns of gamma/gamma' phases. The combustion environment resulted in relatively more contiguous regions of gamma phase which presented favorable condition for faster propagation of defects resulting in creep rupture over shorter time span. The subcritical crack growth regions on the fracture surface of the laboratory environment tested specimens were relatively much rougher with more number of craters/voids resulting in longer creep rupture life. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Sabelkin, V.; Mall, S.] USAF, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Joshi, G.] Southern Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baton Rouge, LA USA. [Porter, W. J.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [John, R.] USAF, Met Branch, Struct Mat Div, Mat & Mfg Directorate,Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mall, S (reprint author), USAF, AFIT ENY, Inst Technol, Bldg 640,2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Shankar.Mall@afit.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Washington, DC FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Dr. David S. Stargel), Washington, DC. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD MAY 1 PY 2013 VL 569 BP 106 EP 116 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2013.01.023 PG 11 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 121OK UT WOS:000317253900014 ER PT J AU Vap, JC Nauyoks, SE Marciniak, MA AF Vap, J. C. Nauyoks, S. E. Marciniak, M. A. TI Optimization of a dual-rotating-retarder polarimeter as applied to a tunable infrared Mueller-matrix scatterometer SO MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dual rotating retarder; scatterometer; infrared; Mueller matrix ID BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE; ELLIPSOMETRY; SURFACES AB The value of Mueller-matrix (Mm) scatterometers lies in their ability to simultaneously characterize the polarimetric and directional scatter properties of a sample. To extend their utility to characterizing modern optical materials in the infrared (IR), which often have very narrow resonances yet interesting polarization and directional properties, the addition of tunable IR lasers and an achromatic dual-rotating-retarder (DRR) polarimeter is necessary. An optimization method has been developed for use with the tunable IR Mm scatterometer. This method is rooted in the application of random error analysis to three different DRR retardances, lambda/5, lambda/4 and lambda/3, for three different analyzer (A)-to-generator (G) retarder rotation ratios, theta(A):theta(G) = 34:26, 25:5 and 37.5:7.5, and a variable number of intensity measurements. The product of the error analysis is in terms of the level of error that could be expected from a free-space Mm extraction for the various retardances, retarder rotation ratios and number of intensity measurements of the DRR. The optimal DRR specifications identified are a lambda/3 retardance and a Fourier rotation ratio, with the number of required collected measurements dependent on the level of error acceptable to the user. Experimental results corroborate this error analysis using an achromatic 110-degree retardance-configured DRR polarimeter at 5 mu m wavelength, which resulted in consistent 1% error in its free-space Mm extractions. C1 [Vap, J. C.] USAF, Dept Elect Engn, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45435 USA. [Nauyoks, S. E.; Marciniak, M. A.] USAF, Dept Engn Phys, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Vap, JC (reprint author), USAF, Dept Elect Engn, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45435 USA. EM stephen.nauyoks@afit.edu NR 19 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 12 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-0233 EI 1361-6501 J9 MEAS SCI TECHNOL JI Meas. Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 24 IS 5 AR 055901 DI 10.1088/0957-0233/24/5/055901 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 126BH UT WOS:000317585600036 ER PT J AU Damarla, T Bradley, M Mehmood, A Sabatier, JM AF Damarla, Thyagaraju Bradley, Marshall Mehmood, Asif Sabatier, James M. TI Classification of Animals and People Ultrasonic Signatures SO IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Classification; micro-Doppler; support vector machine; ultrasonic sensor AB Personnel detection using inexpensive nonimaging sensors is becoming increasingly important for several applications, namely, border surveillance, perimeter protection, and urban operations. In this paper, we explore the utility of ultrasonic sensors to distinguish between people and animals walking. We explore the phenomenology associated with human and animal walking and identify model-based features in the spectrogram. In particular, we study the properties of micro-Doppler returns from various body parts (limbs) of the people and animals to identify the features. Finally, we develop two algorithms for classifying people and animals using the micro-Doppler signatures: one algorithm for the case when the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is high and another for low SNR. A support vector machine and a Bayesian classifier were used to classify the targets when the SNR is low. We present the results of the algorithms applied to actual data collected at a horse farm. C1 [Damarla, Thyagaraju] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Bradley, Marshall] LogLinear Grp, Waveland, MS 39576 USA. [Mehmood, Asif] USAF, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Sabatier, James M.] Univ Mississippi, Natl Ctr Phys Acoust, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Damarla, T (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM thyagaraju.damarla.civ@mail.mil; marshall.bradley@loglineargroup.com; asif.mehmood.ctr@afit.edu; sabatier@oldmiss.edu NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1530-437X J9 IEEE SENS J JI IEEE Sens. J. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 13 IS 5 BP 1464 EP 1472 DI 10.1109/JSEN.2012.2236550 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 118DV UT WOS:000317003900013 ER PT J AU Pilchak, AL Broderick, TF AF Pilchak, Adam L. Broderick, Thomas F. TI Evidence of a Massive Transformation in a Ti-6Al-4V Solid-State Weld? SO JOM LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE ALPHA-PHASE; MEASURED EBSD DATA; BETA-PHASE; EQUILIBRIUM SHAPE; GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; TITANIUM-ALLOY; PURE TITANIUM; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; DEFORMATION AB We document evidence of a unique phase transformation process occurring within the primary alpha regions of a bimodal microstructure during solid-state welding of Ti-6Al-4V. The transformation occurs when material is rapidly and locally heated above the beta transus, but the time at temperature is insufficient for complete homogenization of the initially segregated alloying elements in the bimodal microstructure of the base metal. After cooling, the regions of prior primary alpha phase contain chemical, structural, and crystallographic changes. The constituent morphology, crystallography, and chemistry provided insight into the transformation mechanism. C1 [Pilchak, Adam L.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate AFRL RXCM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Broderick, Thomas F.] GE Aviat, Cincinnati, OH 45215 USA. RP Pilchak, AL (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate AFRL RXCM, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM adam.pilchak@wpafb.af.mil FU AFRL management FX This work was performed as part of the in-house research activities of the Air Force Research Laboratories (AFRL) Materials and Manufacturing Directorate. The support and encouragement of AFRL management is greatly appreciated. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD MAY PY 2013 VL 65 IS 5 BP 636 EP 642 DI 10.1007/s11837-013-0591-6 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 119ZQ UT WOS:000317139400010 ER PT J AU Johnson, TR Feng, P Sitzabee, W Jernigan, M AF Johnson, Travis R. Feng, Peter Sitzabee, William Jernigan, Mark TI Federal Acquisition Regulation Applied to Alliancing Contract Practices SO JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT-ASCE LA English DT Article DE Contract management; Federal project policy; Contracts; Construction management; Government; Military engineering AB The U.S. federal construction sector led the development of partnering as a project-delivery method and continues to use it as standard practice. Alliancing has since emerged as an evolution of the partnering method and offers substantial advantages over partnering, but it also poses more difficulties with federal acquisition regulations. This research aims to determine if an alliancing contract can be effectively utilized in federal construction and, if so, to create a framework under which federal agencies can utilize the advantages of alliance contracts within existing regulations. A commercially available standard form alliancing contract was selected for analysis against the Federal Acquisition Regulation. Key practices that characterize the alliancing method were identified. Utilizing a panel of federal contracting experts, qualitative data were gathered to analyze which of these key practices do or do not comply with federal regulations, why certain practices do not comply, and how those practices could achieve compliance. The results show that most alliancing key practices can be utilized in a federal construction project. Although other practices cannot be used effectively under current regulations, these limitations do not significantly hinder the use of a comprehensive and effective federal alliancing contract. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0000592. (C) 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Johnson, Travis R.] USAF, Capt, Nellis Afb, NV 89191 USA. [Feng, Peter; Sitzabee, William] USAF, Lt Col, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Jernigan, Mark] USAF, Civil Engineer Sch, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Johnson, TR (reprint author), USAF, Capt, 820th RED HORSE Squadron, Nellis Afb, NV 89191 USA. EM travis.johnson3@nellis.af.mil; peter.feng@afit.edu; siztabee@afit.edu; mark.jernigan@afit.edu NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 8 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9364 J9 J CONSTR ENG M ASCE JI J. Constr. Eng. Manage.-ASCE PD MAY PY 2013 VL 139 IS 5 BP 480 EP 487 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0000592 PG 8 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 123YT UT WOS:000317429800004 ER PT J AU Perlovsky, L Cabanac, A Bonniot-Cabanac, MC Cabanac, M AF Perlovsky, Leonid Cabanac, Arnaud Bonniot-Cabanac, Marie-Claude Cabanac, Michel TI Mozart effect, cognitive dissonance, and the pleasure of music SO BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Music cognition; 'Mozart effect'; Cognitive dissonance; Pleasure; Music cognitive function ID CONSCIOUSNESS; EVOLUTION; EMOTIONS; ANXIETY AB We explore a possibility that the 'Mozart effect' points to a fundamental cognitive function of music. Would such an effect of music be due to the hedonicity, a fundamental dimension of mental experience? The present paper explores a recent hypothesis that music helps to tolerate cognitive dissonances and thus enabled accumulation of knowledge and human cultural evolution. We studied whether the influence of music is related to its hedonicity and whether pleasant or unpleasant music would influence scholarly test performance and cognitive dissonance. Specific hypotheses evaluated in this study are that during a test students experience contradictory cognitions that cause cognitive dissonances. If some music helps to tolerate cognitive dissonances, then first, this music should increase the duration during which participants can tolerate stressful conditions while evaluating test choices. Second, this should result in improved performance. These hypotheses are tentatively confirmed in the reported experiments as the agreeable music was correlated with longer duration of tests under stressful conditions and better performance above that under indifferent or unpleasant music. It follows that music likely performs a fundamental cognitive function explaining the origin and evolution of musical ability that have been considered a mystery. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Perlovsky, Leonid] Harvard Univ, Athinoula A Martinos Ctr Biomed Imaging, Charlestown, MA USA. [Perlovsky, Leonid] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. [Cabanac, Arnaud] De Rochebelle Sch CSDD, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. [Bonniot-Cabanac, Marie-Claude; Cabanac, Michel] Univ Laval, Fac Med, Quebec City, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. RP Perlovsky, L (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Athinoula A Martinos Ctr Biomed Imaging, Charlestown, MA USA. EM leonid@seas.harvard.edu; arnaud.cabanac@csdecou.qc.ca; Marie-Claude.Bonniot@fmed.ulaval.ca; Michel.Cabanac@fmed.ulaval.ca FU Natural Sciences Research Council (NSRC) of Canada FX The authors wish to thank the students of De Rochebelle School (C.S.D.D., Quebec) who served as participants, and Dr. Roman Ilin for his kind statistical support. This work was supported by the Natural Sciences Research Council (NSRC) of Canada. NR 49 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 6 U2 118 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-4328 J9 BEHAV BRAIN RES JI Behav. Brain Res. PD MAY 1 PY 2013 VL 244 BP 9 EP 14 DI 10.1016/j.bbr.2013.01.036 PG 6 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 115SV UT WOS:000316833100002 PM 23380673 ER PT J AU Kumar, P Stargel, DS Shukla, A AF Kumar, Puneet Stargel, David S. Shukla, Arun TI Effect of plate curvature on blast response of carbon composite panels SO COMPOSITE STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE Carbon composite; Plate curvature; Blast loading; Digital Image Correlation; High speed photography ID DYNAMIC-RESPONSE; MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; GLASS AB Experiments were conducted to study the effect of plate curvature on the blast response of 32 layered carbon composite panels. A shock tube apparatus was utilized to impart controlled blast loading on carbon fiber panels having three different radii of curvatures; infinite (Panel A), 305 mm (Panel B), and 112 mm (Panel C). These panels with dimensions of 203 mm x 203 mm x 2 mm were held under clamped boundary conditions during the blast loading. A 3D Digital Image Correlation (DIC) technique coupled with high speed photography was used to obtain out-of-plane deflection and velocity, as well as in-plane strains on the back face of the panels. There were two types of dominant failure mechanisms observed in all the three panels: fiber breakage and inter-layer delamination. Energy loss analysis was also performed which showed that Panel C had the best energy dissipation property. Macroscopic postmortem analysis and DIC results showed that Panel C can mitigate higher intensity blast waves without initiation of catastrophic damage in the panel. Panel B could sustain the least blast intensity and exhibited catastrophic failure. Panel A exhibited intermediate blast mitigation capacity. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kumar, Puneet; Shukla, Arun] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Mech Ind & Syst Engn, Dynam Photomech Lab, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Stargel, David S.] USAF, Off Sci Res Aerosp Chem & Mat Sci, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Shukla, A (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Mech Ind & Syst Engn, Dynam Photomech Lab, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. EM shuklaa@egr.uri.edu FU Department of Homeland Security [2008-ST-061-ED0002]; Office of Naval Research [N00014-10-1-0662] FX The authors at URI acknowledge the financial support provided by the Department of Homeland Security under Cooperative Agreement No. 2008-ST-061-ED0002 and the Office of Naval Research (Dr. Y.D.S. Rajapakse) under Grant No. N00014-10-1-0662. NR 21 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0263-8223 J9 COMPOS STRUCT JI Compos. Struct. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 99 BP 19 EP 30 DI 10.1016/j.compstruct.2012.11.036 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 114UW UT WOS:000316769200003 ER PT J AU Qiu, QR Wu, Q Bishop, M Pino, RE Linderman, RW AF Qiu, Qinru Wu, Qing Bishop, Morgan Pino, Robinson E. Linderman, Richard W. TI A Parallel Neuromorphic Text Recognition System and Its Implementation on a Heterogeneous High-Performance Computing Cluster SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTERS LA English DT Article DE Heterogeneous (hybrid) systems; distributed architecture; natural language interfaces; machine learning ID CHARACTER-RECOGNITION AB Given the recent progress in the evolution of high-performance computing (HPC) technologies, the research in computational intelligence has entered a new era. In this paper, we present an HPC-based context-aware intelligent text recognition system (ITRS) that serves as the physical layer of machine reading. A parallel computing architecture is adopted that incorporates the HPC technologies with advances in neuromorphic computing models. The algorithm learns from what has been read and, based on the obtained knowledge, it forms anticipations of the word and sentence level context. The information processing flow of the ITRS imitates the function of the neocortex system. It incorporates large number of simple pattern detection modules with advanced information association layer to achieve perception and recognition. Such architecture provides robust performance to images with large noise. The implemented ITRS software is able to process about 16 to 20 scanned pages per second on the 500 trillion floating point operations per second (TFLOPS) Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL)/Information Directorate (RI) Condor HPC after performance optimization. C1 [Qiu, Qinru] Syracuse Univ, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Wu, Qing; Bishop, Morgan; Pino, Robinson E.; Linderman, Richard W.] USAF, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Qiu, QR (reprint author), Syracuse Univ, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. EM qiqiu@syr.edu; Qing.Wu@rl.af.mil; Morgan.Bishop@rl.af.mil; Robinson.Pino@rl.af.mil; Richard.Linderman@rl.af.mil FU Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8750-09-2-0155] FX Received and approved for public release by AFRL on 03/ 29/2011, case number 88ABW-2011-1860. The contractor's work is supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory, under contract FA8750-09-2-0155. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of AFRL or its contractors. NR 38 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 17 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0018-9340 J9 IEEE T COMPUT JI IEEE Trans. Comput. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 62 IS 5 BP 886 EP 899 DI 10.1109/TC.2012.50 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 118FW UT WOS:000317010700004 ER PT J AU Li, PJ Wood, A AF Li, Peijun Wood, Aihua TI A two-dimensional Helmhotlz equation solution for the multiple cavity scattering problem SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Electromagnetic cavity; Helmholtz equation; Variational formulations; Existence and uniqueness; Finite element method ID FINITE-ELEMENT-METHOD; PERFECTLY CONDUCTING CRACKS; ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING; GROUND PLANE; OVERFILLED CAVITY; BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; MAXWELLS EQUATIONS; DEEP CAVITIES; ALGORITHM; SIMULATION AB Here considered is the mathematical analysis and numerical computation of the electromagnetic wave scattering by multiple cavities embedded in an infinite ground plane. Above the ground plane the space is filled with a homogeneous medium, while the interiors of the cavities are filled with inhomogeneous media characterized by variable permittivities. By introducing a new transparent boundary condition on the cavity apertures, the multiple cavity scattering problem is reduced to a boundary value problem of the two-dimensional Helmholtz equation imposed in the separated interior domains of the cavities. The existence and uniqueness of the weak solution for the model problem is achieved via a variational approach. A block Gauss-Seidel iterative method is introduced to solve the coupled system of the multiple cavity scattering problem, where only a single cavity scattering problem is required to be solved at each iteration. Numerical examples demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Li, Peijun] Purdue Univ, Dept Math, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Wood, Aihua] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Li, PJ (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Math, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM lipeijun@math.purdue.edu; Aihua.Wood@afit.edu FU NSF [DMS-0914595, DMS-1042958, DMS-1151308]; AFOSR [F1ATA02059J001, F1ATA01103J001] FX The research was supported in part by NSF Grants DMS-0914595, DMS-1042958, and DMS-1151308.; The research was supported in part by AFOSR Grants F1ATA02059J001 and F1ATA01103J001. NR 40 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2013 VL 240 BP 100 EP 120 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2012.12.022 PG 21 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 114JA UT WOS:000316735700007 ER PT J AU Senkov, ON Cheng, YQ AF Senkov, O. N. Cheng, Y. Q. TI Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Simulation of the Amorphous Structure of Ca-Mg-Cu and Ca-Mg-Zn Alloys SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BULK METALLIC GLASSES; AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; FORMING ABILITY; THERMAL-STABILITY; LIQUID-METALS; PRINCIPLES; PACKINGS; RANGE; ORDER; MODEL AB The atomic and electronic structures of several Ca-Mg-TM amorphous alloys (TM is Cu or Zn) have been analyzed using ab initio molecular dynamics simulation and neutron diffraction. Partial pair distribution functions have been produced and the pair bond distances and partial coordination numbers have been reported for these alloys. Similarities and differences in the amorphous structures of the Ca-Mg-Cu and Ca-Mg-Zn alloys have been discussed. Strong interactions between Ca-Cu, Mg-Cu and Ca-Zn atom pairs rooted from the orbital hybridization of the s-p-d electrons have been recognized to result in noticeable shortening of respective atom pair bond distances and pronounced chemical short range ordering near the TM atoms. Voronoi tessellation analysis has shown that the polytetrahedral-type clusters and five-coordinated atom pairs dominate in the amorphous structures, which indicates that tetrahedra and pentagonal bi-pyramids are the main building blocks in these amorphous alloys. DOI: 10.1007/s11661-012-1406-z (C) The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society and ASM International (outside the USA) 2012 C1 [Senkov, O. N.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH USA. [Senkov, O. N.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Cheng, Y. Q.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Chem & Engn Mat Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Cheng, Y. Q.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Senkov, ON (reprint author), UES Inc, Dayton, OH USA. EM oleg.senkov@wpafb.af.mil RI Senkov, Oleg/C-7197-2012; Cheng, Yongqiang/F-6567-2010 OI Senkov, Oleg/0000-0001-5587-415X; FU Science and Technology Facilities Council [RB 820097]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [10RX14COR]; Air Force through UES, Inc., Dayton, OH [FA8650-10-D-5226]; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy; National Science Foundation [NSF-DMR 0904188] FX We thank D. B. Miracle for careful reading of the manuscript and valuable suggestions. Technical support from E.R. Barney, A.C. Hannon and J.M. Scott in conducting neutron experiments is recognized. The neutron experiments at the ISIS Pulsed Neutron and Muon Source were supported by a beamtime allocation RB 820097 from the Science and Technology Facilities Council. Work at the Air Force Research Laboratory was supported through the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (M. Berman, Program Manager, Grant Number 10RX14COR) and the Air Force under on-site contract No. FA8650-10-D-5226 conducted through UES, Inc., Dayton, OH. Y.Q.C. is supported by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy. Computational resources were made available through the Center of Nanophase Materials Sciences and TeraGrid, Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Work at John Hopkins University was supported through the National Science Foundation under Contract No. NSF-DMR 0904188. NR 47 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 50 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 EI 1543-1940 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 44A IS 5 BP 1980 EP 1989 DI 10.1007/s11661-012-1406-z PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 114SJ UT WOS:000316762400003 ER PT J AU Burns, JT Gangloff, RP AF Burns, James T. Gangloff, Richard P. TI Effect of Low Temperature on Fatigue Crack Formation and Microstructure-Scale Growth from Corrosion Damage in Al-Zn-Mg-Cu SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CORRODED 2024-T3 ALUMINUM; HIGH-PURITY ALUMINUM; HYDROGEN EMBRITTLEMENT; FRACTURE-MECHANICS; ASSISTED CRACKING; LIFE PREDICTIONS; COPPER CONTENT; ZR ALLOY; DIFFUSION; BEHAVIOR AB The strong effect of cold temperature on the fatigue resistance of 7075-T651 is established. As temperature decreases from 296 K to 183 K (23 A degrees C to -90 A degrees C), the formation life for cracking about pit and EXCO corrosion perimeters increases, microstructure scale crack growth rates decrease in the range from 20 to 500 mu m beyond the corrosion topography, and long crack growth rates similarly decline. Fatigue crack surface features correlate with reduced hydrogen embrittlement with decreasing temperature fed by localized H produced during precorrosion for pit and EXCO-proximate cracks, as well as by crack tip H produced by water vapor reaction during stressing for all crack sizes. The importance of the former H source increases with decreasing temperature for cracks sized below 200 mu m. Decreasing temperature to 223 K (-50 A degrees C) eliminates the contribution of environmental H through interaction of reduced water vapor pressure in equilibrium with ice and reduced H diffusion. The Knudsen flow model and exposure parameter, , enables improved modeling of temperature dependent crack propagation, but does not fully describe low temperature fatigue behavior due to possible rate limitation by H diffusion. Further decreases in MSC da/dN to 183 K (-90 A degrees C) are related to reduced mobility of the corrosion-precharged H which may associate with vacancies from dissolution. Crack formation, and growth rates correlate with either elastic stress intensity range or cyclic crack tip opening displacement, and are available to predict corrosion effects on airframe fatigue for the important low temperature regime. DOI: 10.1007/s11661-012-1374-3 (C) The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society and ASM International 2012 C1 [Burns, James T.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate AFRL RX, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Burns, James T.; Gangloff, Richard P.] Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. RP Burns, JT (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM jtb5r@virginia.edu FU United States Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), Materials and Manufacturing Directorate; University Corrosion; DoD Office of Corrosion Policy and Oversight FX This research was sponsored by the United States Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, and the University Corrosion Collaboration managed by the DoD Office of Corrosion Policy and Oversight. Drs. John Papazian (deceased) and Elias Anagnostou of Northrop-Grumman Corporation provided 7075-T651, as well as Northrop-Grumman Industry Liaison funding. Mr. Phil Blosser and Mark Ruddell assisted with fatigue experiments at AFRL, and Mr. Yongwon Lee and Dr. Jiahe Ai conducted vacuum system fatigue experiments at UVa with important inputs from Prof. Ralph Bush of the United States Air Force Academy. Dr. Ivan Coles (Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation) provided advice on high altitude environmental conditions. These contributions are gratefully acknowledged. The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies and endorsements, either expressed or implied of US Air Force Academy or the US Government. NR 121 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 63 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 44A IS 5 BP 2083 EP 2105 DI 10.1007/s11661-012-1374-3 PG 23 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 114SJ UT WOS:000316762400015 ER PT J AU Alarcon, GM Bowling, NA Khazon, S AF Alarcon, Gene M. Bowling, Nathan A. Khazon, Steven TI Great expectations: A meta-analytic examination of optimism and hope SO PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES LA English DT Article DE Optimism; Hope; Well-being; Personality; Meta-analysis ID LIFE ORIENTATION TEST; TRAIT ANXIETY; PERSONALITY; HEALTH; EXPECTANCIES; PERFORMANCE; VALIDATION; RESOURCES AB Optimism and hope two psychological constructs reflecting positive expectations about one's future have garnered considerable research attention and each has been the subject of several narrative reviews. In the current meta-analysis, we examined the optimism-hope relationship and we examined several potential correlates and consequences of optimism and hope. Our results suggest that optimism and hope are distinguishable from each other. Furthermore, both are related to several indices of psychological and physical well-being and both are empirically distinguishable from other personality traits, such as the Five Factor Model characteristics and trait affectivity. We conclude by discussing directions for future research on optimism and hope. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Alarcon, Gene M.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Bowling, Nathan A.; Khazon, Steven] Wright State Univ, Dept Psychol, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Alarcon, GM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 39 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 52 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0191-8869 J9 PERS INDIV DIFFER JI Pers. Individ. Differ. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 54 IS 7 BP 821 EP 827 DI 10.1016/j.paid.2012.12.004 PG 7 WC Psychology, Social SC Psychology GA 115SZ UT WOS:000316833500004 ER PT J AU Massar, ML Bhagavatula, R Fickus, M Kovacevic, J AF Massar, Melody L. Bhagavatula, Ramamurthy Fickus, Matthew Kovacevic, Jelena TI Local histograms and image occlusion models SO APPLIED AND COMPUTATIONAL HARMONIC ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Local histogram; Occlusion; Texture; Classification; Segmentation ID DEAD LEAVES MODEL; ORDERLESS IMAGES; SEGMENTATION AB The local histogram transform of an image is a data cube that consists of the histograms of the pixel values that lie within a fixed neighborhood of any given pixel location. Such transforms are useful in image processing applications such as classification and segmentation, especially when dealing with textures that can be distinguished by the distributions of their pixel intensities and colors. We, in particular, use them to identify and delineate biological tissues found in histology images obtained via digital microscopy. In this paper, we introduce a mathematical formalism that rigorously justifies the use of local histograms for such purposes. We begin by discussing how local histograms can be computed as systems of convolutions. We then introduce probabilistic image models that can emulate textures one routinely encounters in histology images. These models are rooted in the concept of image occlusion. A simple model may, for example, generate textures by randomly speckling opaque blobs of one color on top of blobs of another. Under certain conditions, we show that, on average, the local histograms of such model-generated-textures are convex combinations of more basic distributions. We further provide several methods for creating models that meet these conditions; the textures generated by some of these models resemble those found in histology images. Taken together, these results suggest that histology textures can be analyzed by decomposing their local histograms into more basic components. We conclude with a proof-of-concept segmentation-and-classification algorithm based on these ideas, supported by numerical experimentation. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Massar, Melody L.; Fickus, Matthew] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Bhagavatula, Ramamurthy; Kovacevic, Jelena] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Kovacevic, Jelena] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Fickus, M (reprint author), USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Matthew.Fickus@afit.edu FU NSF [DMS 1042701, CCF 1017278]; AFOSR [F1ATA01103J001, F1ATA00183G003NIH]; PA State Tobacco Settlement; Kamlet Smith Bioinformatics Grant; [NIH-R03-EB009875]; [5P01HD047675-02] FX The authors are extremely grateful to Dr. Carlos Castro and Dr. John A. Ozolek for introducing us to the motivating application and for providing us with raw image data and manually segmented ground truth labels used throughout this article. We also thank the two anonymous reviewers for their many helpful comments and suggestions. This work is supported by NSF DMS 1042701 and CCF 1017278, AFOSR F1ATA01103J001 and F1ATA00183G003NIH, NIH-R03-EB009875 and 5P01HD047675-02, the PA State Tobacco Settlement and the Kamlet Smith Bioinformatics Grant. Parts of the work were presented at ISBI 2010 [2] and SBEC 2010 [14]. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the United States Air Force, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1063-5203 EI 1096-603X J9 APPL COMPUT HARMON A JI Appl. Comput. Harmon. Anal. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 34 IS 3 BP 469 EP 487 DI 10.1016/j.acha.2012.07.005 PG 19 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 108NS UT WOS:000316303100008 PM 23543920 ER PT J AU Crouch, RD Clay, SB Oskay, C AF Crouch, Robert D. Clay, Stephen B. Oskay, Caglar TI Experimental and computational investigation of progressive damage accumulation in CFRP composites SO COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Computational modeling; Damage mechanics; Acoustic emission; Non-destructive testing ID HETEROGENEOUS MATERIALS; FAILURE ANALYSIS; MICROTOMOGRAPHY; HOMOGENIZATION AB This manuscript presents an experimental and computational study of progressive damage accumulation in carbon fiber reinforced polymers. A series of monotonic tension experiments with acoustic emission, X-ray radiography, and X-ray computed tomography were performed on a quasi-isotropic layup to ascertain the initiation, progression, and modes of damage accumulation under tensile loading. A multiscale computational model was used to aid in understanding the progressive damage accumulation. The eigendeformation based reduced order homogenization modeling approach was used due to its computational efficiency and its ability to incorporate distinct damage modes. The combined experimental and computational investigation provided a detailed picture of the progression of damage accumulation in the CFRP composite. The multiscale model predictions were in good agreement with experimental observations. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Crouch, Robert D.; Oskay, Caglar] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Clay, Stephen B.] USAF, Air Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Wpfab, OH 45433 USA. RP Oskay, C (reprint author), VU Stn B 351831,2301 Vanderbilt Pl, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. EM caglar.oskay@vanderbilt.edu RI Oskay, Caglar/F-9032-2011 FU Air Vehicles Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory through General Dynamics Information Technology Inc. [F3446-09-46-SC01-01] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support and experimental facilities provided by the Air Vehicles Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory (Contract No: F3446-09-46-SC01-01 through General Dynamics Information Technology Inc.). We also acknowledge the Air Force Research Laboratory Materials and Manufacturing Directorate for access to radiography and computed tomography technology. NR 24 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-8368 J9 COMPOS PART B-ENG JI Compos. Pt. B-Eng. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 48 BP 59 EP 67 DI 10.1016/j.compositesb.2012.12.005 PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 105CG UT WOS:000316042600006 ER PT J AU Jenkins, CM Ripley, RC Wu, CY Horie, Y Powers, K Wilson, WH AF Jenkins, Charles M. Ripley, Robert C. Wu, Chang-Yu Horie, Yasuyuki Powers, Kevin Wilson, William H. TI Explosively driven particle fields imaged using a high speed framing camera and particle image velocimetry SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIPHASE FLOW LA English DT Article DE Explosion; Blast wave; Multiphase flow; Particle imaging ID SHOCK-WAVE; SOLID PARTICLES; DETONATION; TURBULENCE; MIXTURES; FLOWS AB A high speed framing camera and a particle image velocimetry instrument were used to determine the properties of explosively driven particle fields in early microsecond and later millisecond times. Test items were configured in a two inch long cylindrical shape with a half inch diameter core of organic explosive. The core was surrounded by a particle bed of aluminum or tungsten powder of a specific particle size distribution. Position data from the leading edge of the particle fronts for each charge was recorded with a high speed framing camera at early time and with a particle image velocimetry (PIV) instrument at later time to determine particle velocity. Using a PIV image, a velocity gradient along the length of the particle field was established by using the mean particle velocity value determined from three separate horizontal bands that transverse the particle field. The results showed slower particles at the beginning of the particle field closest to the source and faster ones at the end. Differences in particle dispersal, luminescence, and agglomeration were seen when changes in the initial particle size and material type were made. The aluminum powders showed extensive luminescence with agglomeration forming large particle structures while the tungsten powder showed little luminescence, agglomeration and no particle structures. Combining velocity data from the high speed framing camera and PIV, the average drag coefficient for each powder type was determined. The particle field velocities and drag coefficients at one meter showed good agreement with the numerical data produced from a computational fluid dynamics code that takes advantage of both Eulerian and Lagrangian solvers to track individual particles after a set post detonation time interval. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Jenkins, Charles M.; Horie, Yasuyuki] USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. [Ripley, Robert C.] Martec Ltd, Halifax, NS B3J 3J8, Canada. [Jenkins, Charles M.; Wu, Chang-Yu] Univ Florida, Dept Environm Engn Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Powers, Kevin] Univ Florida, Particle Engn Res Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Wilson, William H.] Def Threat Reduct Agcy, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Jenkins, CM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, 2306 Perimeter Rd, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. EM jenkins@eglin.af.mil FU US Air Force Research Laboratory at Eglin AFB [96ABW-2011-0255] FX This work was sponsored by the US Air Force Research Laboratory at Eglin AFB and approved for public release under Release Number 96ABW-2011-0255. The authors are grateful to Ricky Beesley, Mark Johnson, and Sonny Watts for their considerable assistance in the buildup of charges, construction of test fixtures, and test execution of the live charges. Additionally, the authors thank Tim Dunbar and Laura Donahue for numerical modeling support and instruction of the Chinook code. NR 37 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 44 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0301-9322 J9 INT J MULTIPHAS FLOW JI Int. J. Multiph. Flow PD MAY PY 2013 VL 51 BP 73 EP 86 DI 10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2012.08.008 PG 14 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 110FB UT WOS:000316426900008 ER PT J AU Powell, MR AF Powell, Marion R. TI Bell's Palsy Presenting After a Case of Campylobacter Enteritis SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE neuritis; mononeuropathy; gastroenteritis; C. jejuni; facial ID GUILLAIN-BARRE-SYNDROME; JEJUNI ENTERITIS AB Background: A case of unilateral facial paralysis following infection with Campylobacter jejuni is presented. Case Report: A 37-yr-old U.S. Army Reserve aviator presented with complaints consistent with an infectious gastroenteritis. This presentation was quickly followed by acute right-sided facial hemiparesis with sparing of sensation. He had no other neurological symptoms. Complete neurological evaluation showed no evidence of underlying neurological pathology and the patient was diagnosed with Bell's palsy. He was later notified by the state Department of Health that he and his family had likely been exposed to organic milk contaminated with Campylobacter jejuni. Discussion: This case depicts a previously unreported reaction likely due to C. jejuni infection and the direct impact on aviation duties for a flyer. C1 [Powell, Marion R.] US Air Force, Sch Aerosp Med, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Powell, MR (reprint author), 2510 Fifth St,Bldg 840, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. EM marion.powell@wpafb.af.mil NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 EI 1943-4448 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD MAY PY 2013 VL 84 IS 5 BP 525 EP 527 DI 10.3357/ASEM.3535.2013 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA AD1LR UT WOS:000332996000011 PM 23713220 ER PT J AU Tawfick, S Zhao, ZZ Maschmann, M Brieland-Shoultz, A De Volder, M Baur, JW Lu, W Hart, AJ AF Tawfick, Sameh Zhao, Zhouzhou Maschmann, Matthew Brieland-Shoultz, Anna De Volder, Michael Baur, Jeffery W. Lu, Wei Hart, A. John TI Mechanics of Capillary Forming of Aligned Carbon Nanotube Assemblies SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID NANOWIRE SOLAR-CELLS; NANOSTRUCTURES; SURFACES; ELECTRODES; BATTERY; GROWTH; ARRAYS; FILMS AB Elastocapillary self-assembly is emerging as a versatile technique to manufacture three-dimensional (3D) microstructures and complex surface textures from arrangements of micro- and nanoscale filaments. Understanding the mechanics of capillary self-assembly is essential to engineering of properties such as shape-directed actuation, anisotropic wetting and adhesion, and mechanical energy transfer and dissipation. We study elastocapillary self-assembly (herein called "capillary forming") of carbon nanotube (CNT) microstructures, combining in situ optical imaging, micro-mechanical testing, and finite element modeling. By imaging, we identify sequential stages of liquid infiltration, evaporation, and solid shrinkage, whose kinetics relate to the size and shape of the CNT microstructure. We couple these observations with measurements of the orthotropic elastic moduli of CNT forests to understand how the dynamic of shrinkage of the vapor liquid interface is coupled to the compression of the forest. We compare the kinetics of shrinkage to the rate of evporation from liquid droplets having the same size and geometry. Moreover, we show that the amount of shrinkage during evaporation is governed by the ability of the CNTs to slip against one another, which can be manipulated by the deposition of thin conformal coatings on the CNTs by atomic layer deposition (ALD). This insight is confirmed by finite element modeling of pairs of CNTs as corrugated beams in contact and highlights the coupled role of elasticity and friction in Shrinkage and stability of nanoporous solids. Overall, this study shows that nanoscale porosity can be tailored via the filament density and adhesion at contact points, which is important to the development of lightweight multifunctional materials. C1 [Tawfick, Sameh; Zhao, Zhouzhou; Brieland-Shoultz, Anna; Lu, Wei; Hart, A. John] Univ Michigan, Dept Mech Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Maschmann, Matthew; Baur, Jeffery W.] USAF, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Res Lab AFRL RX, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [De Volder, Michael] IMEC, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium. RP Hart, AJ (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Mech Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM ajohnh@umich.edu RI Hart, A. John/A-9027-2010; Tawfick, Sameh/A-6249-2014; OI Hart, A. John/0000-0002-7372-3512; Tawfick, Sameh/0000-0003-3645-527X; Maschmann, Matthew/0000-0002-0740-6228 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [CMMI-0927364]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [FA9550-11-1-0089]; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) [HR0011-10-C-0192]; DARPA; University of Michigan; Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Fund for Scientific Research Flanders (FWO), Belgium FX Research at the University of Michigan was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF, CMMI-0927364), the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR, FA9550-11-1-0089), and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA, HR0011-10-C-0192). Support from DARPA was received under Agreement to NextGen Aeronautics, and any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material do not necessarily reflect the views of NextGen Aeronautics and/or DARPA. Sameh Tawfick was supported in part by a University of Michigan Rackham Predoctoral Fellowship. Matthew Maschmann and Jeffery W. Baur acknowledge financial support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Dr. Byung-Lip (Les) Lee, Program Manager, and Michael De Volder acknowledges financial support from the Fund for Scientific Research Flanders (FWO), Belgium. The authors also acknowledge useful discussions with Assaf Ya'akobovitz, Sei Jin Park, and Davor Copic. Microfabrication was performed at the Lurie Nanofabrication Facility (LNF), which is a member of the National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network (NNIN), and electron microscopy was performed at the Michigan Electron Microbeam Analysis Laboratory (EMAL). NR 53 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 94 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD APR 30 PY 2013 VL 29 IS 17 BP 5190 EP 5198 DI 10.1021/la4002219 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 136BC UT WOS:000318333400012 PM 23537107 ER PT J AU Garmann, DJ Visbal, MR Orkwis, PD AF Garmann, Daniel J. Visbal, Miguel R. Orkwis, Paul D. TI Comparative study of implicit and subgrid-scale model large-eddy simulation techniques for low-Reynolds number airfoil applications SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article DE finite difference; large-eddy simulations (LES); NavierStokes; turbulent flow; viscous flows; turbulence models ID TURBULENT-FLOW; SCHEMES; EQUATIONS AB A computational study of a high-fidelity, implicit large-eddy simulation (ILES) technique with and without the use of the dynamic Smagorinsky subgrid-scale (SGS) model is conducted to examine the contributions of the SGS model on solutions of transitional flow over the SD7003 airfoil section. ILES without an SGS model has been shown in the past to produce comparable and sometimes favorable results to traditional SGS-based large-eddy simulation (LES) when applied to canonical turbulent flows. This paper evaluates the necessity of the SGS model for low-Reynolds number airfoil applications to affirm the use of ILES without SGS-modeling for a broader class of problems such as those pertaining to micro air vehicles and low-pressure turbines. It is determined that the addition of the dynamic Smagorinsky model does not significantly affect the time-mean flow or statistical quantities measured around the airfoil section for the spatial resolutions and Reynolds numbers examined in this study. Additionally, the robustness and reduced computational cost of ILES without the SGS model demonstrates the attractiveness of ILES as an alternative to traditional LES. Published 2012. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Garmann, Daniel J.; Visbal, Miguel R.] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Orkwis, Paul D.] Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Garmann, DJ (reprint author), USAF, Computat Sci Branch, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Daniel.Garmann@wpafb.af.mil FU AFOSR FX This work was supported in part by AFOSR under a task monitored by Dr. D. Smith and by a grant of HPC time from the DoD HPC Shared Resource Centers at AFRL and ERDC. Many fruitful conversations with Dr. Donald Rizzetta regarding implementation of the SGS model are also gratefully acknowledged. NR 42 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0271-2091 J9 INT J NUMER METH FL JI Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids PD APR 30 PY 2013 VL 71 IS 12 BP 1546 EP 1565 DI 10.1002/fld.3725 PG 20 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Computer Science; Mathematics; Mechanics; Physics GA 112WZ UT WOS:000316626400005 ER PT J AU Ryu, MY Harris, TR Yeo, YK Beeler, RT Kouvetakis, J AF Ryu, Mee-Yi Harris, Tom R. Yeo, Y. K. Beeler, R. T. Kouvetakis, J. TI Temperature-dependent photoluminescence of Ge/Si and Ge1-ySny/Si, indicating possible indirect-to-direct bandgap transition at lower Sn content SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GAP; SEMICONDUCTORS; ALLOYS; GE; RECOMBINATION; GERMANIUM; SI AB Temperature (T)-dependent photoluminescence (PL) has been investigated for both p-Ge and n-Ge1-ySny films grown on Si substrates. For the p-Ge, strong direct bandgap (E-D) along with weak indirect bandgap related (E-ID) PL at low temperatures (LTs) and strong E-D PL at room temperature (RT) were observed. In contrast, for the n-Ge1-ySny, very strong dominant E-ID PL at LT and strong E-D PL were observed at RT. This T-dependent PL study indicates that the indirect-to-direct bandgap transitions of Ge1-ySny might take place at much lower Sn contents than the theory predicts, suggesting that these Ge1-ySny could become very promising direct bandgap semiconductors. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Ryu, Mee-Yi] Kangwon Natl Univ, Dept Phys, Kangwon 200701, South Korea. [Harris, Tom R.; Yeo, Y. K.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Beeler, R. T.; Kouvetakis, J.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Ryu, MY (reprint author), Kangwon Natl Univ, Dept Phys, Kangwon 200701, South Korea. EM myryu@kangwon.ac.kr; Yung.Yeo@afit.edu FU Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF); Ministry of Education, Science and Technology [2010-0021555] FX The authors would like to thank Dr. Jose Menendez of the Arizona State University for his critical reading and valuable discussion. The authors also would like to express their sincere appreciation to Dr. Gernot S. Pomrenke of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research for his support of this work. This research (MYR) was also supported in part by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (2010-0021555). The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the United States Air Force, Department of Defense, or the United States Government. NR 31 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 25 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 29 PY 2013 VL 102 IS 17 AR 171908 DI 10.1063/1.4803927 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 139AG UT WOS:000318553000024 ER PT J AU He, P Estepp, JR AF He, Ping Estepp, Justin R. TI A practical method for quickly determining electrode positions in high-density EEG studies SO NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Electrode position measurement; 3-D digitizer; High-density EEG AB This report describes a simple and practical method for determining electrode positions in high-density EEG studies. This method reduces the number of electrodes for which accurate three-dimensional location must be measured, thus minimizing experimental set-up time and the possibility of digitization error. For each electrode cap, a reference data set is first established by placing the cap on a reference head and digitizing the 3-D position of each channel. A set of control channels are pre-selected that should be adequately distributed over the cap. A simple choice could be the standard 19 channels of the International 10-20 system or their closest substitutes. In a real experiment, only the 3-D positions of these control channels need to be measured and the position of each of the remaining channels are calculated from the position data of the same channels in the reference data set using a local transformation determined by the nearest three or four pairs of control channels. Six BioSemi ActiveTwo caps of different size and channel numbers were used to evaluate the method. Results show that the mean prediction error is about 2 mm and is comparable with the residual uncertainty in direct position measurement using a Polhemus digitizer. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [He, Ping] Wright State Univ, Dept Biomed Ind & Human Factors Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Estepp, Justin R.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP He, P (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Biomed Ind & Human Factors Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM ping.he@wright.edu OI Estepp, Justin/0000-0001-8049-9582 FU Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) [FA8650-11-C-6157] FX The authors would like to thank Samantha Klosterman for her assistance with data collection. This research was supported in part by Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) under Neuroscience Medical Imaging Contract FA8650-11-C-6157. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0304-3940 J9 NEUROSCI LETT JI Neurosci. Lett. PD APR 29 PY 2013 VL 541 BP 73 EP 76 DI 10.1016/j.neulet.2013.02.028 PG 4 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 138SX UT WOS:000318531400016 PM 23485737 ER PT J AU Hause, ML Prince, BD Bemish, RJ AF Hause, Michael L. Prince, Benjamin D. Bemish, Raymond J. TI Krypton charge exchange cross sections for Hall effect thruster models SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ION BEAM MEASUREMENTS; RARE-GAS ATOMS; POTENTIAL CURVES; ELECTRON CAPTURE; XE; COLLISIONS; RESONANCE; SYSTEMS; XENON; CLUSTERS AB Following discharge from a Hall effect thruster, charge exchange occurs between ions and un-ionized propellant atoms. The low-energy cations produced can disturb operation of onboard instrumentation or the thruster itself. Charge-exchange cross sections for both singly and doubly charged propellant atoms are required to model these interactions. While xenon is the most common propellant currently used in Hall effect thrusters, other propellants are being considered, in particular, krypton. We present here guided-ion beam measurements and comparisons to semiclassical calculations for Kr++Kr and Kr2++Kr cross sections. The measurements of symmetric Kr++Kr charge exchange are in good agreement with both the calculations including spin-orbit effects and previous measurements. For the symmetric Kr2+ +Kr reaction, we present cross section measurements for center-of-mass energies between 1 eV and 300 eV, which spans energies not previously examined experimentally. These cross section measurements compare well with a simple one-electron transfer model. Finally, cross sections for the asymmetric Kr2++Kr -> Kr++Kr+ reaction show an onset near 12 eV, reaching cross sections near constant value of 1.6 angstrom(2) with an exception near 70-80 eV. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC C1 [Hause, Michael L.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02159 USA. [Prince, Benjamin D.; Bemish, Raymond J.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Hause, ML (reprint author), Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02159 USA. RI Bemish, Raymond/I-3340-2012; OI Bemish, Raymond/0000-0003-2974-1534 FU AFOSR [2303EP02, 13RV07COR] FX This work was supported by AFOSR under task No. 2303EP02 (Program Manager: M. Berman) and No. 13RV07COR (Program Manager: A. Sayir). NR 56 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 28 PY 2013 VL 113 IS 16 AR 163301 DI 10.1063/1.4802432 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 138ZF UT WOS:000318550300009 ER PT J AU Smith, K Carroll, T Bodyfelt, JD Vitebskiy, I Chabanov, AA AF Smith, Kyle Carroll, Turhan Bodyfelt, Joshua D. Vitebskiy, Ilya Chabanov, A. A. TI Enhanced transmission and giant Faraday effect in magnetic metal-dielectric photonic structures SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DIMENSIONAL MAGNETOPHOTONIC CRYSTALS; MAGNETOOPTICAL PROPERTIES; ROTATION; DEFECTS; LAYERS AB Due to their large electrical conductivity, stand-alone metallic films are highly reflective at microwave (MW) frequencies. For this reason, it is nearly impossible to observe Faraday rotation in ferromagnetic metal layers, even in films just tens of nanometres thick. Here, we show using numerical simulations that a stack of cobalt nano-layers interlaced between dielectric layers can become highly transmissive and display a large Faraday rotation in a finite frequency band. A 45 degrees Faraday rotation commonly used in MW isolators can be achieved with ferromagnetic metallic layers as thin as tens of nanometres. C1 [Smith, Kyle; Chabanov, A. A.] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Phys & Astron, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. [Carroll, Turhan; Vitebskiy, Ilya; Chabanov, A. A.] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Bodyfelt, Joshua D.] Ohio State Univ, Electrosci Lab, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. [Bodyfelt, Joshua D.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. RP Smith, K (reprint author), Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Phys & Astron, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. RI Bodyfelt, Joshua/B-7676-2011 OI Bodyfelt, Joshua/0000-0002-1201-566X FU Sensors Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory through the AMMTIAC; Alion Science and Technology; Air Force Office of Scientific Research, LRIR [09RY04COR] FX This work was sponsored by Sensors Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory through the AMMTIAC contract with Alion Science and Technology, and by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, LRIR 09RY04COR. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 28 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD APR 24 PY 2013 VL 46 IS 16 AR 165002 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/46/16/165002 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 118OP UT WOS:000317035200004 ER PT J AU Olson, TY Chernov, AA Drabek, BA Satcher, JH Han, TYJ AF Olson, Tammy Y. Chernov, Alexander A. Drabek, Brent A. Satcher, Joe H., Jr. Han, T. Yong-Jin TI Experimental Validation of the Geometrical Selection Model for Hydrothermally Grown Zinc Oxide Nanowire Arrays SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE zinc oxide; nanowires; geometrical selection; texturing; modeling; array; thin film ID ZNO THIN-FILMS; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; TEMPERATURE AQUEOUS SYNTHESIS; SENSITIZED SOLAR-CELLS; NANOROD ARRAYS; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; PATTERNED GROWTH; NANOSTRUCTURES; ORIENTATION AB Zinc oxide nanowire arrays were hydrothermally grown on a Si(100) substrate coated with randomly oriented seed crystallites to characterize the process of geometrical selection. The theory suggests that randomly oriented rod-like crystallites can be grown into a film or array of nanowires with the maximal growth rate direction approximately normal to the substrate; in the case of ZnO, this is the c-axis direction. To examine this growth phenomenon experimentally, ZnO nanowire arrays with a random initial orientation were grown, and the number of wires that survived the geometrical selection up to a certain distance, h, from the substrate was measured. The resulting number density of the survived wires decreased as h(-0.8) while the geometrical selection model predicted the decrease to be similar to h(-1). As developed originally, the model can also apply universally to other three-dimensional (3D) crystal ensembles besides ZnO. Understanding geometrical selection will allow assessment of if and when this theory can be used to obtain films with certain characteristics, such as the orientation and scattering of the nanowire array, that is relevant for specific applications. C1 [Olson, Tammy Y.; Chernov, Alexander A.; Drabek, Brent A.; Satcher, Joe H., Jr.; Han, T. Yong-Jin] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys & Life Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Drabek, Brent A.] USAF Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Han, TYJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys & Life Sci Directorate, 7000 East Ave L-235, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM han5@llnl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; University of California Laboratory Fees Research Grant; Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program at LLNL [09-LW-024] FX This work performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. The project was funded by the University of California Laboratory Fees Research Grant and the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program (09-LW-024) at LLNL. We thank Dr. Christine A. Orme and Ms. Kristen E. Murphy for their helpful discussions. NR 62 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 47 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 EI 1520-5002 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD APR 23 PY 2013 VL 25 IS 8 BP 1363 EP 1371 DI 10.1021/cm300679x PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 133NB UT WOS:000318144000019 ER PT J AU Dugan, C Hengehold, RL McHale, SR Santana, JAC McClory, JW Adamiv, VT Burak, YV Losovyj, YB Dowben, PA AF Dugan, Christina Hengehold, Robert L. McHale, Steve R. Santana, Juan A. Colon McClory, John W. Adamiv, V. T. Burak, Ya V. Losovyj, Ya B. Dowben, Peter A. TI Reversible Mn segregation at the polar surface of lithium tetraborate SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-CRYSTALS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; LI2B4O7; SPECTROSCOPY; LI2O.2B2O3; POTASSIUM; DIBORATE; SILVER AB We find Mn surface segregation for single crystals of Mn doped Li2B4O7, nominally Li1.95Mn0.05 B4O7(001), but as the temperature increases, evidence of this Mn surface segregation diminishes significantly. At room temperature, the surface photovoltaic charging is significant for this pyroelectric material but is quenched at a temperature well below that seen for the undoped Li2B4O7 samples. The suppression of surface charging in the region of 120 degrees C that accompanies the temperature of Mn dissolution in the bulk of Li2B4O7, i.e., the reversal of Mn surface segregation (215 degrees C), suggests that along the (001) direction, ionic transport must be considered as significant. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4802760] C1 [Dugan, Christina; Hengehold, Robert L.; McHale, Steve R.; McClory, John W.] USAF, Dept Engn Phys, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Santana, Juan A. Colon] Univ Nebraska, Ctr Energy Sci Res, Whittier Res Ctr 230, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Adamiv, V. T.; Burak, Ya V.] Inst Phys Opt, UA-79005 Lvov, Ukraine. [Losovyj, Ya B.; Dowben, Peter A.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Phys & Astron, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Losovyj, Ya B.; Dowben, Peter A.] Univ Nebraska, Nebraska Ctr Mat & Nanosci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. RP Dugan, C (reprint author), USAF, Dept Engn Phys, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. OI McClory, John/0000-0002-4303-2729 FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency [HDTRA1-07-1-0008, BRBAA08-I-2-0128]; NSF through the "QSPINS" MRSEC at UNL [DMR-0820521]; STCU [4947] FX This work was supported by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (Grant Nos. HDTRA1-07-1-0008 and BRBAA08-I-2-0128), the NSF through the "QSPINS" MRSEC (DMR-0820521) at UNL, and STCU Project 4947. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Air Force, Department of Defense or the U. S. Government. The authors are grateful to Natalia Lozova and Jim Petrosky for their technical assistance and advice. NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 22 PY 2013 VL 102 IS 16 AR 161602 DI 10.1063/1.4802760 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 135ED UT WOS:000318269300019 ER PT J AU Macdonald, JR Beecher, SJ Berry, PA Schepler, KL Kar, AK AF Macdonald, J. R. Beecher, S. J. Berry, P. A. Schepler, K. L. Kar, A. K. TI Compact mid-infrared Cr:ZnSe channel waveguide laser SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-POWER; INSCRIPTION AB We demonstrate a mid-infrared channel waveguide laser in Cr:ZnSe operating at 2573 nm. The compact cavity has a total footprint of less than 3 cm(2) and produces a maximum power output of 18.5 mW. The depressed index cladding structures guide across the entire emission band of Cr:ZnSe, from 1.9 mu m to 3.4 mu m, indicating the viability of the device for integrated and robust continuously tunable mid-infrared sources. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4803058] C1 [Macdonald, J. R.; Beecher, S. J.; Kar, A. K.] Heriot Watt Univ, Inst Photon & Quantum Sci, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland. [Berry, P. A.; Schepler, K. L.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Macdonald, JR (reprint author), Heriot Watt Univ, Inst Photon & Quantum Sci, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland. EM jrm7@hw.ac.uk OI Berry, Patrick/0000-0003-1294-6509; Schepler, Kenneth/0000-0001-9658-2305 FU European Office of Aerospace Research and Development (EOARD) [FA8655-11-1-3001]; Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) [EP/G030227/1] FX This work was supported by the European Office of Aerospace Research and Development (EOARD) (Grant No. FA8655-11-1-3001) and the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) (Grant No. EP/G030227/1). J. R. M. and S. J. B. thank Graeme Brown for helpful discussions. K. L. S. and P. A. B. thank Sean McDaniel and Jason Schmidt for experimental assistance. NR 21 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 39 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 22 PY 2013 VL 102 IS 16 AR 161110 DI 10.1063/1.4803058 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 135ED UT WOS:000318269300010 ER PT J AU Sands, BL Huang, SK Speltz, JW Niekamp, MA Ganguly, BN AF Sands, Brian L. Huang, Shih K. Speltz, Jared W. Niekamp, Matthew A. Ganguly, Biswa N. TI Role of Penning ionization in the enhancement of streamer channel conductivity and Ar(1s(5)) production in a He-Ar plasma jet SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID POSITIVE STREAMER; RATE COEFFICIENTS; AIR; PROPAGATION; MECHANISMS; MIXTURES; LASER; N-2 AB Plasma jet devices that use a helium gas flow mixed with a small percentage of argon have been shown to operate with a larger discharge current and enhanced production of the Ar(1s(5)) metastable state, particularly in the discharge afterglow. In this experiment, time- resolved quantitative measurements of He(2(3)S(1)) and Ar(1s(5)) metastable species were combined with current and spectrally resolved emission measurements to elucidate the role of Penning ionization in a helium plasma jet with a variable argon admixture. The plasma jet was enclosed in a glass chamber through which a flowing nitrogen background was maintained at 600 Torr. At 3%-5% Ar admixture, we observed a similar to 50% increase in the peak circuit current and streamer velocity relative to a pure helium plasma jet for the same applied voltage. The streamer initiation delay also decreased by similar to 20%. Penning ionization of ground- state argon was found to be the dominant quenching pathway for He(2(3)S(1)) up to 2% Ar and was directly correlated with a sharp increase in both the circuit current and afterglow production of Ar(1s(5)) for Ar admixtures up to 1%, but not necessarily with the streamer velocity, which increased more gradually with Ar concentration. Ar(1s(5)) was produced in the afterglow through recombination of Ar+ and dissociative recombination of Ar-2(+) as the local mean electron energy decreased in the plasma channel behind the streamer head. The discharge current and argon metastable enhancement are contingent on the rapid production of He(2(3)S(1)) near the streamer head, >5 x 10(12) cm(-3) in 30 ns under the conditions of this experiment. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC C1 [Sands, Brian L.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Huang, Shih K.; Speltz, Jared W.; Niekamp, Matthew A.] Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Ganguly, Biswa N.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Sands, BL (reprint author), UES Inc, 4401 Dayton Xenia Rd, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM brian.sands@wpafb.af.mil; biswa.ganguly@wpafb.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA8650-12-D-2225] FX This material is based upon work supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and managed by John Luginsland under AFOSR Award No. FA8650-12-D-2225, Task Order 01 in cooperation with the Wright State University Center for Advanced Power and Energy Conversion. NR 36 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 25 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 21 PY 2013 VL 113 IS 15 AR 153303 DI 10.1063/1.4802444 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 134YJ UT WOS:000318251400006 ER PT J AU Fournier, JA Shuman, NS Melko, JJ Ard, SG Viggiano, AA AF Fournier, Joseph A. Shuman, Nicholas S. Melko, Joshua J. Ard, Shaun G. Viggiano, Albert A. TI A novel technique for measurement of thermal rate constants and temperature dependences of dissociative recombination: CO2+, CF3+, N2O+, C7H8+, C7H7+, C6H6+, C6H5+, C5H6+, C4H4+, and C3H3+ SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-ION RECOMBINATION; CHARGE-TRANSFER REACTIONS; FLOWING AFTERGLOW; HYDROCARBON IONS; CROSS-SECTIONS; RATE COEFFICIENTS; BRANCHING RATIOS; MOLECULAR-IONS; RING COMPOUNDS; O-2(+) AB A novel technique using a flowing afterglow-Langmuir probe apparatus for measurement of temperature dependences of rate constants for dissociative recombination (DR) is presented. Low (similar to 10(11) cm(-3)) concentrations of a neutral precursor are added to a noble gas/electron afterglow plasma thermalized at 300-500 K. Charge exchange yields one or many cation species, each of which may undergo DR. Relative ion concentrations are monitored at a fixed reaction time while the initial plasma density is varied between 10(9) and 10(10) cm(-3). Modeling of the decrease in concentration of each cation relative to the non-recombining noble gas cation yields the rate constant for DR. The technique is applied to several species (O-2(+), CO2+, CF3+, N2O+) with previously determined 300 K values, showing excellent agreement. The measurements of those species are extended to 500 K, with good agreement to literature values where they exist. Measurements are also made for a range of CnHm+ (C7H7+, C7H8+, C5H6+, C4H4+, C6H5+, C3H3+, and C6H6+) derived from benzene and toluene neutral precursors. CnHm+ DR rate constants vary from 8-12 x 10(-7) cm(3) s(-1) at 300 K with temperature dependences of approximately T-0.7. Where prior measurements exist these results are in agreement, with the exception of C3H3+ where the present results disagree with a previously reported flat temperature dependence. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4801657] C1 [Fournier, Joseph A.; Shuman, Nicholas S.; Melko, Joshua J.; Ard, Shaun G.; Viggiano, Albert A.] USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Fournier, Joseph A.] Yale Univ, Sterling Chem Lab, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Viggiano, AA (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM albert.viggiano@us.af.mil FU (U.S.) Air Force Office of Scientific Research (USAFOSR) [AFOSR-2303EP]; National Research Council; Air Force Research Laboratory through the Space Scholars Program; Department of Defense FX We are grateful for the support of the (U.S.) Air Force Office of Scientific Research (USAFOSR) for this work under Project No. AFOSR-2303EP. J.J.M. and S. G. A. acknowledge the support of the National Research Council. J.A.F. acknowledges the support of the Air Force Research Laboratory through the Space Scholars Program, as well as the Department of Defense for support through a National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship. NR 53 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 25 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD APR 21 PY 2013 VL 138 IS 15 AR 154201 DI 10.1063/1.4801657 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 129CB UT WOS:000317814900013 PM 23614415 ER PT J AU Caswell, AW Roy, S An, XL Sanders, ST Schauer, FR Gord, JR AF Caswell, Andrew W. Roy, Sukesh An, Xinliang Sanders, Scott T. Schauer, Frederick R. Gord, James R. TI Measurements of multiple gas parameters in a pulsed-detonation combustor using time-division-multiplexed Fourier-domain mode-locked lasers SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID PRESSURE; SPECTROSCOPY; TEMPERATURE; ENGINE; SENSOR; THERMOMETRY; VALIDATION; SIMULATION; DESIGN; FLOWS AB Hyperspectral absorption spectroscopy is being used to monitor gas temperature, velocity, pressure, and H2O mole fraction in a research-grade pulsed-detonation combustor (PDC) at the Air Force Research Laboratory. The hyperspectral source employed is termed the TDM 3-FDML because it consists of three time-division-multiplexed (TDM) Fourier-domain mode-locked (FDML) lasers. This optical-fiber-based source monitors sufficient spectral information in the H2O absorption spectrum near 1350 nm to permit measurements over the wide range of conditions encountered throughout the PDC cycle. Doppler velocimetry based on absorption features is accomplished using a counterpropagating beam approach that is designed to minimize common-mode flow noise. The PDC in this study is operated in two configurations: one in which the combustion tube exhausts directly to the ambient environment and another in which it feeds an automotive-style turbocharger to assess the performance of a detonation-driven turbine. Because the enthalpy flow [kilojoule/second] is important in assessing the performance of the PDC in various configurations, it is calculated from the measured gas properties. (C) 2013 Optical Society of America C1 [Caswell, Andrew W.; Roy, Sukesh] Spectral Energies LLC, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [An, Xinliang; Sanders, Scott T.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Schauer, Frederick R.; Gord, James R.] USAF, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Roy, S (reprint author), Spectral Energies LLC, 5100 Springfield St,Suite 301, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. EM sroy@woh.rr.com FU AFRL [FA8650-10-C-2112]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX Funding for this research was provided by the AFRL under Contract No. FA8650-10-C-2112 and by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Dr. Chiping Li, program manager). The authors thank Dr. John Hoke and Mr. Curt Rice of Innovative Scientific Solutions, Inc., for operations and oversight of the pulsed-detonation-research facility. This manuscript has been cleared for public release No. 88ABW-2012-6208. NR 28 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 14 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD APR 20 PY 2013 VL 52 IS 12 BP 2893 EP 2904 DI 10.1364/AO.52.002893 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA 130NB UT WOS:000317923700045 PM 23669701 ER PT J AU Knipp, D Kilcommons, L Hunt, L Mlynczak, M Pilipenko, V Bowman, B Deng, Y Drake, K AF Knipp, D. Kilcommons, L. Hunt, L. Mlynczak, M. Pilipenko, V. Bowman, B. Deng, Y. Drake, K. TI Thermospheric damping response to sheath-enhanced geospace storms SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ION-CYCLOTRON WAVES; NITRIC-OXIDE; SABER EXPERIMENT; PLASMA SHEET; SOLAR-WIND; ART.; DENSITY; CHAMP; MODEL AB We show evidence that solar wind density enhancements and pressure pulses can lead to intense low-energy particle precipitation and an associated, but unexpected, damping of thermospheric density response. Ground-based indices, used as proxies for thermospheric energy deposition, fail to capture these interactions in forecasting algorithms. Superposed epoch comparison of a group of poorly specified neutral density storms suggests an event-chain of (1) multi-hour, pre-storm solar wind density enhancement, followed by solar wind dynamic pressure pulses that trigger excess low-energy particle flux to the upper atmosphere; (2) enhanced production of thermospheric Nitric Oxide (NO) by precipitating particles and storm heating; (3) NO infrared cooling and damping of the thermosphere; and (4) mis-forecast of neutral density. In the control storms, these features are absent or muted. We discuss the roles of solar wind pre-conditioning and solar cycle dependency in the problem storms. These problem neutral-density storms reveal an element of "geo-effectiveness" that highlights competition between hydrodynamic aspects of the solar wind and other interplanetary drivers. C1 [Knipp, D.; Kilcommons, L.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Knipp, D.] NCAR, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO USA. [Knipp, D.] Space Environm Technol, Pacific Palisades, CA USA. [Hunt, L.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA USA. [Mlynczak, M.] NASA, Sci Directorate, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA USA. [Pilipenko, V.] Space Res Inst, Moscow, Russia. [Bowman, B.] USAF, Space Command, Colorado Springs, CO USA. [Deng, Y.] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Phys, Arlington, TX USA. RP Knipp, D (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM delores.knipp@colorado.edu FU AFOSR [FA9550-07-1-0565]; NRC fellowship at NOAA's Space Weather Prediction Center; [AFRL FA9453-12-1-0244]; [AFSOR FA9550-12-1-0264]; [NSFATM1025089]; [NSFATM0955629]; [AFOSR 1210429]; [MJE-NSF ATM-0827903] FX We are grateful to F. Rich, M. Engebretson, C. Lin, E. Sutton, G. Wilson, E. Zesta, H. Luhr, W. Wang, S. Solomon, J. Raeder. R. Redmon, M. G. McHarg, and A. Richmond for fruitful discussions. We used particle data from the DMSP archive at the National Geophysical Data Center. We made extensive use of the NASA OMNIweb database. Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan, provided Dst data to OMNIweb. The following grants supported this work: DK and LK-AFRL FA9453-12-1-0244, AFSOR FA9550-12-1-0264, and NSFATM1025089; YD-NSFATM0955629 and AFOSR 1210429; and VP and MJE-NSF ATM-0827903. Early aspects of this work were supported by AFOSR FA9550-07-1-0565 and an NRC fellowship at NOAA's Space Weather Prediction Center to DK. NR 38 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 16 PY 2013 VL 40 IS 7 DI 10.1002/grl.50197 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 148BP UT WOS:000319217600002 ER PT J AU Zhang, L Chen, ZJ Yang, JJ Wysocki, B McDonald, N Chen, YR AF Zhang, Lu Chen, Zhijie Yang, J. Joshua Wysocki, Bryant McDonald, Nathan Chen, Yiran TI A compact modeling of TiO2-TiO2-x memristor SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RESISTIVE-SWITCHING MEMORY; MECHANISM; DEVICES; RRAM AB We developed a SPICE-compatible compact model of TiO2-TiO2-x memristors based on classic ion transportation theory. Our model is shown to simulate important dynamic memristive properties like real-time memristance switching, which are critical in memristor-based analog circuit designs. The model, as well as its analytical approximation, is validated with the experimentally obtained data from real devices. Minor deviations of our model from the measured data are also analyzed and discussed. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4802206] C1 [Zhang, Lu; Chen, Zhijie; Chen, Yiran] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. [Yang, J. Joshua] HP Labs, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Wysocki, Bryant; McDonald, Nathan] USAF, Res Lab, New York, NY 13440 USA. RP Zhang, L (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. EM luz14@pitt.edu RI Yang, Jianhua/B-3358-2010 NR 33 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 5 U2 113 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 15 PY 2013 VL 102 IS 15 AR 153503 DI 10.1063/1.4802206 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 135EC UT WOS:000318269200090 ER PT J AU Valtier, S Mueck, RL Bebarta, VS AF Valtier, Sandra Mueck, Robert L. Bebarta, Vikhyat S. TI Quantitative method for analysis of hydrocodone, hydromorphone and norhydrocodone in human plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE BIOMEDICAL AND LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Hydrocodone; Hydromorphone; Norhydrocodone; LC-MS-MS; Plasma ID HUMAN LIVER-MICROSOMES; ORAL-SURGERY PAIN; WHOLE-BLOOD; GC-MS; OXYCODONE; URINE; METABOLITES; OPIOIDS; 6-ACETYLMORPHINE; COMBINATIONS AB A selective, sensitive and accurate high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) method for the quantitation of hydrocodone, hydromorphone and norhydrocodone in human plasma was developed. The internal standard stock solution comprised of hydrocodone-d6, hydromorphone-d6 and norhydrocodone-d3 was added to 0.5 mL plasma samples. Samples were extracted using a copolymeric sorbent (mixed mode) solid phase extraction (SPE) column. Chromatographic separation was carried out using a reversed-phase C18 analytical column with a gradient mobile phase consisting of solvent A = 5% acetonitrile with 0.1% formic acid and solvent B = 100% acetonitrile. MS analysis was performed using positive electrospray ionization (ESI) in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. Linearity was established over the range 1-100 ng/mL with correlation coefficients >= 0.998 for all three analytes. The coefficient of variation (CV) of intra-day samples was <= 5.6% at 10 ng/mL. The precision of inter-day (6 days) samples resulted in CVs <= 8.1% at concentrations tested at 2.5, 10 and 25 ng/mL for all three analytes. The lower limit of quantification (LOQ) was 1.0 ng/mL with signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio >10, the limit of detection (LOD) was 0.25 ng/mL with S/N ratio >3 for the drug and its metabolites. Dilution effects, extraction recovery, stability, interference, carryover and ion suppression were also evaluated. This method was successfully applied to human subject plasma samples in support of a hydrocodone pharmacokinetic study. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Valtier, Sandra; Mueck, Robert L.] Div Clin Res, Lackland AFB, TX USA. [Bebarta, Vikhyat S.] San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Valtier, S (reprint author), SGVUL, Div Clin Res, 59th Med Wing,1255 Wilford Hall Loop, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM sandra.valtier@us.af.mil RI bebarta, vikhyat/K-3476-2015 FU DoD Psychological Health/Traumatic Brain Injury (PH/TBI) Research Program of the Office of the Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs (CDMRP) [W81XWH-11-2-0126] FX This work was supported by the DoD Psychological Health/Traumatic Brain Injury (PH/TBI) Research Program of the Office of the Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs (CDMRP), Award Number: W81XWH-11-2-0126. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-0232 J9 J CHROMATOGR B JI J. Chromatogr. B PD APR 15 PY 2013 VL 925 BP 40 EP 45 DI 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.02.030 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 129YS UT WOS:000317880500007 PM 23523877 ER PT J AU Yang, Y Bei, H Tiley, J George, EP AF Yang, Y. Bei, H. Tiley, J. George, E. P. TI Re effects on phase stability and mechanical properties of Mo-SS+Mo3Si+Mo5SiB2 alloys SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article DE High-temperature alloys; Intermetallics; Phase diagrams; Microstructure; Mechanical properties ID SI-B SYSTEM; ALPHA-MO MATRIX; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; OXIDATION BEHAVIOR; COMPOSITES; MOLYBDENUM; RESISTANCE; STRENGTH; ENGINE AB In this paper, we investigate the effects of Re additions on the microstructure and mechanical properties of a ternary alloy with the composition Mo-12.5Si-8.5B (at.%). This alloy has a three-phase microstructure consisting of Mo solid-solution (Mo-SS), Mo3Si, and Mo5SiB2 and our results show that up to 8.4 at.% Re can be added to it without changing its microstructure or forming any brittle sigma phase at 1600 degrees C. Three-point bend tests using chevron-notched specimens showed that Re did not improve fracture toughness of the three-phase alloy. Nanoindentation performed on the Mo-SS phase in the three-phase alloy showed that Re increases Young's modulus, but does not lower hardness as in some Mo solid solution alloys. Based on our thermodynamic calculations and microstructural analyses, the lack of a Re softening effect is attributed to the increased Si levels in the Re-containing Mo-SS phase since Si is known to increase its hardness. This lack of softening is possibly why there is no Re-induced improvement in fracture toughness. (C) 2013 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved. C1 [Yang, Y.; Bei, H.; George, E. P.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Tiley, J.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [George, E. P.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Yang, Y (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM yangying@ornl.gov RI George, Easo/L-5434-2014; Yang, Ying/E-5542-2017; OI Yang, Ying/0000-0001-6480-2254; Bei, Hongbin/0000-0003-0283-7990 FU Air Force Office of Scientific and Research through the STTR program [FA 9550-09-C-0048]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Fossil Energy, Advanced Turbines Program FX This research was sponsored by the Air Force Office of Scientific and Research Contract No. FA 9550-09-C-0048 through the STTR program with Dr. Joan Fuller as the program manager. YY, HB and EPG would like to acknowledge support from the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Fossil Energy, Advanced Turbines Program. NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD APR 15 PY 2013 VL 556 BP 32 EP 38 DI 10.1016/j.jallcom.2012.12.047 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 093HZ UT WOS:000315183600006 ER PT J AU Leiweke, RJ Ganguly, BN AF Leiweke, R. J. Ganguly, B. N. TI Diode laser spectroscopic measurements of gas temperature in a pulsed dielectric barrier discharge using collisional broadening and shift of 1s(3)-2p(2) and 1s(5)-2p(7) argon transitions SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SPECTRAL-LINES; EMISSION-LINES; VUV EMISSION AB The average gas temperature rise within an argon dielectric barrier discharge operating from 50 to 500Torr excited by 5 kHz repetition rate fast rise time high voltage pulse has been measured. For these measurements within high pressure discharges, we have employed two novel gas temperature measurement techniques based upon tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy that take advantage of the nonresonant collision line broadening and collisional frequency shifts from relatively strong argon 1s(3)-2p(2) and 1s(5)-2p(7) transitions from the metastable states. An in situ estimate of collisional broadening coefficients for both transitions have been obtained from 5 to 30 Torr data using an independent estimate of gas temperature from Doppler line width measurements. Our measurements show that the effect of the isolated line assumption inherent within the van der Waals collisional impact approximation limit begins to fail for the 1s(3)-2p(2) and 1s(5)-2p(7) spectral lines when collisional line broadening exceeds similar to 23GHz line separation at gas pressure >300 Torr with gas temperature near ambient. A comparison of gas temperature estimates from both line broadening and peak frequency shift shows that the frequency shift provides a more reliable measurement of gas temperature, indicating that the isolated line assumption holds for collisional peak frequency shifts, even for partially overlapping lines. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4800556] C1 [Leiweke, R. J.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Ganguly, B. N.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Leiweke, RJ (reprint author), UES Inc, 4401 Dayton Xenia Rd, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM biswa.ganguly@hotmail.com FU AFOSR FX The authors would like to thank Professor Kunihide Tachibana for useful discussions. We would also like to thank Mr. Brian Sands for programming the Lab View data acquisition system. This work was supported by AFOSR with Dr. John Luginsland as Program Manager. NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 14 PY 2013 VL 113 IS 14 AR 143302 DI 10.1063/1.4800556 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 134YB UT WOS:000318250600011 ER PT J AU Marks, P Schmitt, M AF Marks, Paul Schmitt, Michael TI The right to bear cyber arms SO NEW SCIENTIST LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Schmitt, Michael] USAF, Washington, DC USA. [Schmitt, Michael] USN, War Coll, Int Law Dept, Newport, RI USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU REED BUSINESS INFORMATION LTD PI SUTTON PA QUADRANT HOUSE THE QUADRANT, SUTTON SM2 5AS, SURREY, ENGLAND SN 0262-4079 J9 NEW SCI JI New Sci. PD APR 13 PY 2013 VL 218 IS 2912 BP 26 EP 27 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 127PQ UT WOS:000317711300017 ER PT J AU Han, C Doepke, A Cho, W Likodimos, V de la Cruz, AA Back, T Heineman, WR Halsall, HB Shanov, VN Schulz, MJ Falaras, P Dionysiou, DD AF Han, Changseok Doepke, Amos Cho, Wondong Likodimos, Vlassis de la Cruz, Armah A. Back, Tyson Heineman, William R. Halsall, H. Brian Shanov, Vesselin N. Schulz, Mark J. Falaras, Polycarpos Dionysiou, Dionysios D. TI A Multiwalled-Carbon-Nanotube-Based Biosensor for Monitoring Microcystin-LR in Sources of Drinking Water Supplies SO ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE biosensors; carbon nanotubes; cyanotoxins; drinking water; microcystin-LR ID ELECTROCHEMICAL IMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY; RAPID DETECTION; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; INHIBITION ASSAY; CYANOBACTERIA; ELECTRODES; SUPERCAPACITORS; GRAPHITIZATION; PURIFICATION AB A multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-based electrochemical biosensor is developed for monitoring microcystin-LR (MC-LR), a toxic cyanobacterial toxin, in sources of drinking water supplies. The biosensor electrodes are fabricated using vertically well-aligned, dense, millimeter-long MWCNT arrays with a narrow size distribution, grown on patterned Si substrates by water-assisted chemical vapor deposition. High temperature thermal treatment (2500 degrees C) in an Ar atmosphere is used to enhance the crystallinity of the pristine materials, followed by electrochemical functionalization in alkaline solution to produce oxygen-containing functional groups on the MWCNT surface, thus providing the anchoring sites for linking molecules that allow the immobilization of MC-LR onto the MWCNT array electrodes. Addition of the monoclonal antibodies specific to MC-LR in the incubation solutions offers the required sensor specificity for toxin detection. The performance of the MWCNT array biosensor is evaluated using micro-Raman spectroscopy, including polarized Raman measurements, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, optical microscopy, and Faradaic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. A linear dependence of the electron-transfer resistance on the MC-LR concentration is observed in the range of 0.05 to 20 g L1, which enables cyanotoxin monitoring well below the World Health Organization (WHO) provisional concentration limit of 1 g L1 for MC-LR in drinking water. C1 [Han, Changseok; Dionysiou, Dionysios D.] Univ Cincinnati, Sch Energy Environm Biol & Med Engn, Environm Engn & Sci Program, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Doepke, Amos; Heineman, William R.; Halsall, H. Brian] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Chem, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Cho, Wondong; Shanov, Vesselin N.] Univ Cincinnati, Sch Energy Environm Biol & Med Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Likodimos, Vlassis; Falaras, Polycarpos] NCSR Demokritos, Div Phys Chem, IAMPPNM, Athens 15310, Greece. [de la Cruz, Armah A.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Back, Tyson] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Elect & Opt Mat Branch AFRL RXPS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Back, Tyson] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Schulz, Mark J.] Univ Cincinnati, Sch Dynam Syst, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Dionysiou, Dionysios D.] Univ Cyprus, Nireas Int Water Res Ctr, CY-20537 Nicosia, Cyprus. RP Han, C (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Sch Energy Environm Biol & Med Engn, Environm Engn & Sci Program, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM dionysios.d.dionysiou@uc.edu FU University of Cincinnati Internal Collaborative Award (INST); Ohio Water Resources Center through a grant from the USGS; European Commission [227017]; Research DG of the European Commission within the joint RTD activities of the Environment and NMP Thematic Priorities; Cyprus Research Promotion Foundation; European Regional Development Fund; Republic of Cyprus through the Research Promotion Foundation [NEAYPiODeltaOMH/SigmaTPATH/0308/09] FX This work was funded by the University of Cincinnati Internal Collaborative Award (INST) and the Ohio Water Resources Center through a grant from the USGS 104(b) program and the European Commission (Clean Water - Grant Agreement no 227017). Clean Water is a Collaborative Project co-funded by the Research DG of the European Commission within the joint RTD activities of the Environment and NMP Thematic Priorities. The work is also co-funded by the Cyprus Research Promotion Foundation through Desmi 2009-2010, which was co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund and the Republic of Cyprus through the Research Promotion Foundation (Strategic Infrastructure Project NEAY Pi O Delta OMH/Sigma TPATH/0308/09). NR 58 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 6 U2 155 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1616-301X EI 1616-3028 J9 ADV FUNCT MATER JI Adv. Funct. Mater. PD APR 12 PY 2013 VL 23 IS 14 BP 1807 EP 1816 DI 10.1002/adfm.201201920 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 122CK UT WOS:000317293100011 ER PT J AU Burr, JR Gutman, N de Sterke, CM Vitebskiy, I Reano, RM AF Burr, Justin R. Gutman, Nadav de Sterke, C. Martijn Vitebskiy, Ilya Reano, Ronald M. TI Degenerate band edge resonances in coupled periodic silicon optical waveguides SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID SLOW-LIGHT; DISPERSION; FROZEN; FIBER; DELAY AB Using full three-dimensional analysis we show that coupled periodic optical waveguides can exhibit a giant slow light resonance associated with a degenerate photonic band edge. We consider the silicon-on-insulator material system for implementation in silicon photonics at optical telecommunications wavelengths. The coupling of the resonance mode with the input light can be controlled continuously by varying the input power ratio and the phase difference between the two input arms. Near unity transmission efficiency through the degenerate band edge structure can be achieved, enabling exploitation of the advantages of the giant slow wave resonance. (c) 2013 Optical Society of America C1 [Burr, Justin R.; Reano, Ronald M.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. [Gutman, Nadav; de Sterke, C. Martijn] Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, IPOS, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Gutman, Nadav; de Sterke, C. Martijn] Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Ctr Ultrahigh Bandwidth Devices Opt Syst CUDOS, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Vitebskiy, Ilya] USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Burr, JR (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. EM reano@ece.osu.edu RI Reano, Ronald/J-9286-2014 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research through LRIR [09RY04COR]; AOARD Window-On-Science; Air Force Research Lab [FA8650-09-C-1619]; Australian Research Council FX This research was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research through LRIR 09RY04COR (Dr. Arje Nachman), the AOARD Window-On-Science (Dr. Misoon Mah), the Air Force Research Lab contract FA8650-09-C-1619, and the Australian Research Council. NR 23 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 7 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD APR 8 PY 2013 VL 21 IS 7 BP 8736 EP 8745 DI 10.1364/OE.21.008736 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 126YN UT WOS:000317659300088 PM 23571962 ER PT J AU Seo, M Boubanga-Tombet, S Yoo, J Ku, Z Gin, AV Picraux, ST Brueck, SRJ Taylor, AJ Prasankumar, RP AF Seo, M. Boubanga-Tombet, S. Yoo, J. Ku, Z. Gin, A. V. Picraux, S. T. Brueck, S. R. J. Taylor, A. J. Prasankumar, R. P. TI Ultrafast optical wide field microscopy SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID CARRIER DYNAMICS; FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY; DETECTOR ARRAY; NANOWIRES AB We have developed a new imaging method, ultrafast optical wide field microscopy, capable of rapidly acquiring wide field images of nearly any sample in a non-contact manner with high spatial and temporal resolution. Time-resolved images of the photoinduced changes in transmission for a patterned semiconductor thin film and a single silicon nanowire after optical excitation are captured using a two-dimensional smart pixel array detector. These images represent the time-dependent carrier dynamics with high sensitivity, femtosecond time resolution and sub-micrometer spatial resolution. (c) 2013 Optical Society of America C1 [Seo, M.; Boubanga-Tombet, S.; Yoo, J.; Picraux, S. T.; Taylor, A. J.; Prasankumar, R. P.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Ku, Z.] USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Ku, Z.; Brueck, S. R. J.] Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Ku, Z.; Brueck, S. R. J.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Gin, A. V.] Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Seo, M (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM rpprasan@lanl.gov RI Yoo, Jinkyoung/B-5291-2008; Boubanga Tombet, Stephane/E-9985-2015 OI Yoo, Jinkyoung/0000-0002-9578-6979; FU Los Alamos National Laboratory under U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; NNSA's Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program FX This work was supported by Los Alamos National Laboratory under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy, under contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396. Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. This research was performed at the Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT), a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Basic Energy Sciences (BES) user facility, and also partially supported by the NNSA's Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program. We acknowledge Patrick Lambelet of Heliotis AG for assistance in setting up and optimizing the 2D smart pixel array detector and Prashanth Upadhya for assistance in the initial experiments. NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 36 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD APR 8 PY 2013 VL 21 IS 7 BP 8763 EP 8772 DI 10.1364/OE.21.008763 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 126YN UT WOS:000317659300091 PM 23571965 ER PT J AU Bedford, NM Bhandari, R Slocik, JM Naik, RR Knecht, MR AF Bedford, Nicholas M. Bhandari, Rohit Slocik, Joseph M. Naik, Rajesh R. Knecht, Marc R. TI Pd nanomaterials templated by R5-PAMAM dendrimer conjugates SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 245th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY APR 07-11, 2013 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Bedford, Nicholas M.; Slocik, Joseph M.; Naik, Rajesh R.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Bedford, Nicholas M.; Bhandari, Rohit; Knecht, Marc R.] Univ Miami, Dept Chem, Coral Gables, FL 33146 USA. EM nickbedford@gmail.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2013 VL 245 MA 203-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 216SF UT WOS:000324303601248 ER PT J AU Danielson, ST Kusel, BS Neat, JW Avjian, E Miller, HA Ball, DW Iacono, ST Kettwich, SC AF Danielson, Seth T. Kusel, Bradley S. Neat, James W. Avjian, Eryn Miller, Hannah A. Ball, David W. Iacono, Scott T. Kettwich, Sharon C. TI Metastable metalized perfluoropolyether functionalized composites SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 245th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY APR 07-11, 2013 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Danielson, Seth T.; Kusel, Bradley S.; Neat, James W.; Avjian, Eryn; Miller, Hannah A.; Iacono, Scott T.; Kettwich, Sharon C.] USAF Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Ball, David W.] Cleveland State Univ, Dept Chem, Cleveland, OH 44115 USA. EM sharon.kettwich@usafa.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2013 VL 245 MA 550-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 216SF UT WOS:000324303605074 ER PT J AU De Sio, L Umeton, C Placido, T Tamborra, M Comparelli, R Serak, S Tabiryan, N Klein, G Cunningham, A Burgi, T Bunning, T AF De Sio, Luciano Umeton, Cesare Placido, Tiziana Tamborra, Michela Comparelli, Roberto Serak, Svetlana Tabiryan, Nelson Klein, Gerard Cunningham, Alastair Buergi, Thomas Bunning, Timothy TI Breakthrough in all-optical plasmonics and photonics SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 245th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY APR 07-11, 2013 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [De Sio, Luciano; Umeton, Cesare] Univ Calabria, Dept Phys, I-87036 Cosenza, Italy. [Placido, Tiziana] Univ Bari, Dept Chem, Bari, Italy. [Placido, Tiziana; Tamborra, Michela; Comparelli, Roberto] CNR, IPCF, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Serak, Svetlana; Tabiryan, Nelson] Beam Engn Adv Measurements Co, Winter Pk, FL USA. [Klein, Gerard; Cunningham, Alastair; Buergi, Thomas] Univ Geneva, Dept Chim Phys, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Bunning, Timothy] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. EM luciano.desio@fis.unical.it RI Comparelli, Roberto/C-5449-2009; placido, tiziana/C-6342-2015; Burgi, Thomas/N-4907-2016 OI Comparelli, Roberto/0000-0003-4640-7204; Burgi, Thomas/0000-0003-0906-082X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2013 VL 245 MA 221-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 216SF UT WOS:000324303604161 ER PT J AU Esguerra, DF Kulkarni, SU Thies, MC Hoffman, WP AF Esguerra, David F. Kulkarni, Sourabh U. Thies, Mark C. Hoffman, Wesley P. TI Fractionation and characterization of oligomeric pyrene pitches via supercritical extraction SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 245th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY APR 07-11, 2013 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Esguerra, David F.; Kulkarni, Sourabh U.; Thies, Mark C.] Clemson Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Esguerra, David F.; Kulkarni, Sourabh U.; Thies, Mark C.] Clemson Univ, Ctr Adv Engn Fibers & Films, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Hoffman, Wesley P.] AF Res Lab, AFRL RZSM, Edwards AFB, CA 93523 USA. EM mcths@clemson.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2013 VL 245 MA 258-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 216SF UT WOS:000324303604751 ER PT J AU Haley, JE Su, WJ Krein, DM Dalton, MJ Walker, MA Slagle, JE McLean, DG Tan, LS Cooper, TM AF Haley, Joy E. Su, Weijie Krein, Douglas M. Dalton, Matthew J. Walker, Mark A. Slagle, Jonathan E. McLean, Daniel G. Tan, Loon-Seng Cooper, Thomas M. TI Development of nonlinear optical dyes SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 245th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY APR 07-11, 2013 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Haley, Joy E.; Su, Weijie; Krein, Douglas M.; Dalton, Matthew J.; Walker, Mark A.; Slagle, Jonathan E.; McLean, Daniel G.; Tan, Loon-Seng; Cooper, Thomas M.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Su, Weijie; Krein, Douglas M.; Dalton, Matthew J.; Walker, Mark A.] Gen Dynam Informat Technol, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Slagle, Jonathan E.; McLean, Daniel G.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Dayton, OH 45434 USA. EM Joy.Haley@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2013 VL 245 MA 2-WCC PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 216SF UT WOS:000324303605294 ER PT J AU Knecht, MR Pacardo, DB Coppage, R Briggs, BD Slocik, JM Naik, RR AF Knecht, Marc R. Pacardo, Dennis B. Coppage, Ryan Briggs, Beverly D. Slocik, Joseph M. Naik, Rajesh R. TI Exploring peptides for nanomaterial fabrication and activation SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 245th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY APR 07-11, 2013 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Knecht, Marc R.; Pacardo, Dennis B.; Coppage, Ryan; Briggs, Beverly D.] Univ Miami, Dept Chem, Coral Gables, FL 33146 USA. [Slocik, Joseph M.; Naik, Rajesh R.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. EM knecht@miami.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2013 VL 245 MA 205-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 216SF UT WOS:000324303601250 ER PT J AU Lee, KM Natarajan, LV Tondiglia, VP McConney, ME Bunning, TJ White, TJ AF Lee, Kyung Min Natarajan, Lalgudi V. Tondiglia, Vincent P. McConney, Michael E. Bunning, Timothy J. White, Timothy J. TI Large reflection notch tuning of cholesteric liquid crystals stabilized by chiral liquid crystal polymers SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 245th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY APR 07-11, 2013 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Lee, Kyung Min; Natarajan, Lalgudi V.; Tondiglia, Vincent P.; McConney, Michael E.; Bunning, Timothy J.; White, Timothy J.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Lee, Kyung Min; McConney, Michael E.] Azimuth Corp, Dayton, OH 45458 USA. [Natarajan, Lalgudi V.; Tondiglia, Vincent P.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. EM kyungmin.lee@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2013 VL 245 MA 39-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 216SF UT WOS:000324303604887 ER PT J AU Miller, HA Neat, JW Kettwich, SC Iacono, ST AF Miller, Hannah A. Neat, James W. Kettwich, Sharon C. Iacono, Scott T. TI Partially fluorinated bisphenol-A epoxy aluminized composite materials SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 245th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY APR 07-11, 2013 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Miller, Hannah A.; Neat, James W.; Kettwich, Sharon C.; Iacono, Scott T.] USAF Acad, Chem Res Ctr, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM hannah.miller.ctr@usafa.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2013 VL 245 MA 360-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 216SF UT WOS:000324303604857 ER PT J AU Opsitnick, E Grabowski, C Koerner, H Drummy, L Vaia, R AF Opsitnick, Elizabeth Grabowski, Chris Koerner, Hilmar Drummy, Larry Vaia, Richard TI Synthesis, stability, and dielectric properties of polymer-functionalized SiO2 nanoparticles SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 245th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY APR 07-11, 2013 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Opsitnick, Elizabeth; Grabowski, Chris; Koerner, Hilmar; Drummy, Larry; Vaia, Richard] AF Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM elizabeth.opsitnick.ctr@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2013 VL 245 MA 355-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 216SF UT WOS:000324303604852 ER PT J AU Pacardo, DB Slocik, JM Naik, RR Knecht, MR AF Pacardo, Dennis B. Slocik, Joseph M. Naik, Rajesh R. Knecht, Marc R. TI Exploring the catalytic functionality of peptide-capped Pd nanoparticles towards energy-efficient C-C coupling reaction SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 245th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY APR 07-11, 2013 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Pacardo, Dennis B.; Knecht, Marc R.] Univ Miami, Dept Chem, Coral Gables, FL 33146 USA. [Slocik, Joseph M.; Naik, Rajesh R.] Air Force Res Lab, Nanostruct & Biol Mat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM d.pacardo@umiami.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2013 VL 245 MA 207-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 216SF UT WOS:000324303601252 ER PT J AU Swiger, RN Su, WJ Krein, DM Cooper, TM Haley, JE AF Swiger, Rachel N. Su, Weijie Krein, Douglas M. Cooper, Thomas M. Haley, Joy E. TI Photophysical properties of porphyrins and phthalocyanines in solution and solid matrices SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 245th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY APR 07-11, 2013 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Swiger, Rachel N.; Su, Weijie; Krein, Douglas M.; Cooper, Thomas M.; Haley, Joy E.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Swiger, Rachel N.] Southwestern Ohio Council Higher Educ, Dayton, OH 45420 USA. [Su, Weijie; Krein, Douglas M.] Gen Dynam Informat Technol, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. EM rachel.swiger.ctr@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2013 VL 245 MA 259-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 216SF UT WOS:000324303603850 ER PT J AU Wang, DH Kurish, BA Yang, LY Zhu, L Tan, LS AF Wang, David H. Kurish, Brian A. Yang, Lianyun Zhu, Lei Tan, Loon-Seng TI Synthesis and characterization of polyimides containing multi-benzonitrile groups for dielectric applications SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 245th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY APR 07-11, 2013 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Wang, David H.; Kurish, Brian A.; Tan, Loon-Seng] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXAS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Wang, David H.; Kurish, Brian A.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Yang, Lianyun; Zhu, Lei] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Macromol Sci & Engn, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. EM brian.kurish@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2013 VL 245 MA 314-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 216SF UT WOS:000324303604810 ER PT J AU White, TJ McConney, ME Lee, KM AF White, Timothy J. McConney, Michael E. Lee, Kyung Min TI Wireless mechanical adaptivity: Photomechanical effects in azobenzene-functionalized polymeric materials SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 245th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY APR 07-11, 2013 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [White, Timothy J.; McConney, Michael E.; Lee, Kyung Min] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [McConney, Michael E.; Lee, Kyung Min] Azimuth Corp, Dayton, OH USA. EM timothy.white2@wpafb.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2013 VL 245 MA 214-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 216SF UT WOS:000324303604704 ER EF