FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Jacobs, T Jacobi, M Rogers, M Adams, J Coffey, J Walker, J Johnston, B AF Jacobs, Todd Jacobi, Michelle Rogers, Mark Adams, Jeremy Coffey, John JC Walker, John Johnston, Bob TI Testing and Evaluating Low Altitude Unmanned Aircraft System Technology for Maritime Domain Awareness and Oil Spill Response in the Arctic SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE UAS; unmanned; Arctic; Coast Guard; oil spill AB National and international policies and treaties require the protection and exploration of the Arctic. The maritime services play a primary role in pursuing responsible Arctic stewardship by protecting the environment and the personnel conducting operations and research in this harsh environment. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) is an important partner to the U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) in hazard response and mitigation (including oil spills and search and rescue). During Arctic Shield exercises, as part of the USCG Research and Development Center's Arctic Technology Evaluation, manned and unmanned systems including the AeroVironment Puma (TM) All Environment (AE) (Puma) Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS), were used to provide real-time information for maritime domain awareness and oil spill response in the Arctic. Real-time information distribution and maritime domain awareness are critical to prepare for and respond to potential environmental disasters in the Arctic. Additionally, the Puma was assessed for shipboard operations capabilities, Arctic air space coordination, deconfliction and safety issues, and real-time data visualization through the Arctic Environmental Response Management Application (R) as part of a larger data management plan. The results are provided from the successful Puma testing during the Arctic Shield 2013 and 2014 exercises aboard the USCG Cutter (USCGC; Icebreaker) Healy. An overview of these operations is given with recommendations for future testing and technology assessments of small UAS platforms for Arctic shipboard operational deployments. These findings are put into context for utilization in the field to support operations and decision making in the case of a real oil spill in the Arctic region. C1 [Jacobs, Todd] NOAA, Santa Barbara, CA 93103 USA. [Jacobi, Michelle] NOAA, Off Response & Restorat, Assessment & Restorat Div, Seattle, WA USA. [Rogers, Mark] NOAA, AOC, MacDill AFB, FL USA. [Adams, Jeremy] NOAA, Liaison US States Coast Guard, Washington, DC USA. [Coffey, John JC; Walker, John] Cherokee Nation Technol Inc, NOAA, UAS Program Off, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Johnston, Bob] Aero Vironment Inc, Monrovia, CA USA. RP Jacobs, T (reprint author), NOAA, Santa Barbara, CA 93103 USA. FU NOAA UAS Program FX We would like to thank Captain John Reeves and the crew of USCGC Healy for their professionalism in providing logistical support as well as for their hospitality in a very challenging and inhospitable Arctic environment, Chief Scientist Rich Hansen of the USCG RDC for his support and coolheaded decision making under pressure, and Ms. Robbie Hood, Director of the NOAA UAS Program for funding this project. Captain Philip Hall and OMAO assisted with aircraft safety reviews. We would also like to acknowledge the hard work and dedication of the USCG RDC; the USCG Office of Aviation Forces; the NOAA UAS Program; the NOAA Office of Marine and Aviation Operations; the NOAA National Ocean Service; ORR, the NOAA National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service; OSRI; IGM; and AeroVironment Inc., without which this mission would not have been successful. Finally, we appreciate the efforts of ONR, the U.S. Air Force's A2, UAF, and Tulugaq's Fairweather LLC for spearheading the multi-mission collaboration and deconfliction. Administrative and contract support was provided by the NOAA Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 11 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI COLUMBIA PA 5565 STERRETT PLACE, STE 108, COLUMBIA, MD 21044 USA SN 0025-3324 EI 1948-1209 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2015 VL 49 IS 2 BP 145 EP 150 PG 6 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA CI9BD UT WOS:000355064500016 ER PT J AU Browning, P Eichfeld, S Zhang, KH Hossain, L Lin, YC Wang, K Lu, N Waite, AR Voevodin, AA Kim, M Robinson, JA AF Browning, Paul Eichfeld, Sarah Zhang, Kehao Hossain, Lorraine Lin, Yu-Chuan Wang, Ke Lu, Ning Waite, A. R. Voevodin, A. A. Kim, Moon Robinson, Joshua A. TI Large-area synthesis of WSe2 from WO3 by selenium-oxygen ion exchange SO 2D MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE tungsten oxide; tungsten diselenide; 2D synthesis ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; THIN-FILMS; GRAPHENE; MOS2; TRANSITION; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; DICHALCOGENIDES; PERFORMANCE; TRANSPORT AB Few-layer tungsten diselenide (WSe2) is attractive as a next-generation electronic material as it exhibits modest carrier mobilities and energy band gap in the visible spectra, making it appealing for photovoltaic and low-powered electronic applications. Here we demonstrate the scalable synthesis of large-area, few-layer WSe2 via replacement of oxygen in hexagonally stabilized tungsten oxide films using dimethyl selenium. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy reveals successful control of the final WSe2 film thickness through control of initial tungsten oxide thickness, as well as development of layered films with grain sizes up to several hundred nanometers. Raman spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy confirms high crystal uniformity of the converted WSe2, and time domain thermo-reflectance provide evidence that near record low thermal conductivity is achievable in ultrathin WSe2 using this method. C1 [Browning, Paul; Eichfeld, Sarah; Zhang, Kehao; Hossain, Lorraine; Lin, Yu-Chuan; Wang, Ke; Robinson, Joshua A.] Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, State Coll, PA 16801 USA. [Eichfeld, Sarah; Zhang, Kehao; Hossain, Lorraine; Lin, Yu-Chuan; Robinson, Joshua A.] Penn State Univ, Ctr Dimens & Layered Mat 2, State Coll, PA 16801 USA. [Lu, Ning; Kim, Moon] Univ Texas Dallas, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Richardson, TX 75080 USA. [Waite, A. R.] Univ Technol Corp, Beavercreek, OH 45432 USA. [Voevodin, A. A.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Browning, P (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, State Coll, PA 16801 USA. EM jrobinson@psu.edu RI Lu, Ning/H-2351-2012; Kim, Moon/A-2297-2010 NR 44 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 9 U2 88 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2053-1583 J9 2D MATER JI 2D Mater. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 2 IS 1 AR 014003 DI 10.1088/2053-1583/2/1/014003 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA CI7ZS UT WOS:000354987200006 ER PT J AU Lippincott, D Streger, SH Schaefer, CE Hinkle, J Stormo, J Steffan, RJ AF Lippincott, David Streger, Sheryl H. Schaefer, Charles E. Hinkle, Jesse Stormo, Jason Steffan, Robert J. TI Bioaugmentation and Propane Biosparging for In Situ Biodegradation of 1,4-Dioxane SO GROUND WATER MONITORING AND REMEDIATION LA English DT Article ID SOLUBLE DIIRON MONOOXYGENASE; SP STRAIN ENV478; N-NITROSODIMETHYLAMINE; CHLORINATED SOLVENTS; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; GROUNDWATER; DEGRADATION; BACTERIA; TETRAHYDROFURAN; ACTINOMYCETE AB Propane biosparging and bioaugmentation were applied to promote in situ biodegradation of 1,4-dioxane at Site 24, Vandenberg Air Force Base (VAFB), CA. Laboratory microcosm and enrichment culture testing demonstrated that although native propanotrophs appeared abundant in the shallow water-bearing unit of the aquifer (8 to 23ft below ground surface [bgs]), they were difficult to be enriched from a deeper water-bearing unit (82 to 90 feet bgs). Bioaugmentation with the propanotroph Rhodococcus ruberENV425, however, supported 1,4-dioxane biodegradation in microcosms constructed with samples from the deep aquifer. For field testing, a propane-biosparging system consisting of a single sparging well and four performance monitoring wells was constructed in the deep aquifer. 1,4-dioxane biodegradation began immediately after bioaugmentation with R. ruberENV425 (36L; 4x10(9) cells/mL), and apparent first-order decay rates for 1,4-dioxane ranged from 0.021day(-1) to 0.036day(-1). First-order propane consumption rates increased from 0.01 to 0.05min(-1) during treatment. 1,4-dioxane concentrations in the sparging well and two of the performance monitoring wells were reduced from as high as 1090 mu g/L to <2 mu g/L, while 1,4-dioxane concentration was reduced from 135 mu g/L to 7.3 mu g/L in a more distal third monitoring well. No 1,4-dioxane degradation was observed in the intermediate aquifer control well even though propane and oxygen were present. The demonstration showed that propane biosparging and bioaugmentation can be used for in situ treatment of 1,4-dioxane to regulatory levels. C1 [Lippincott, David; Streger, Sheryl H.; Schaefer, Charles E.; Steffan, Robert J.] CB&I Fed Serv LLC, Biotechnol Dev & Applicat Grp, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648 USA. [Lippincott, David; Streger, Sheryl H.; Schaefer, Charles E.; Steffan, Robert J.] CB&I Fed Serv LLC, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648 USA. [Hinkle, Jesse] CB&I Fed Serv LLC, Vandenberg Afb, CA 93437 USA. RP Steffan, RJ (reprint author), CB&I Fed Serv LLC, Biotechnol Dev & Applicat Grp, 17 Princess Rd, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648 USA. EM Rob.steffan@cbifederalservices.com FU US Air Force Civil Engineer Center [FA8903-11-C-8101] FX This project was supported by contract number FA8903-11-C-8101 from the US Air Force Civil Engineer Center. The results and conclusions presented herein are those of the authors, and they do not necessarily represent those of the United States Air Force or the United States Government, and no endorsement of the described technology is implied. The authors thank Kathleen Gerber and Anthony Nelson from Vandenberg Air Force Base for graciously hosting this demonstration and providing on-site technical insight into Site 24. We also thank Don Eley from the Central Coast Water Board and Ning-Wu Chang and Manjulika Chakrabarti from the DTSC for providing technical and regulatory review of our VAFB work plans and progress reports. Finally, we thank David Springer, David Cacciatore, and Charlie So of CB&I Federal Services, LLC, for supporting our efforts at VAFB; Anthony Soto, Paul Hedman, Dr. Randi Rothmel, and Rachael Towne in our laboratory for their excellent analytical and technical support; and Simon Vainberg for growing the strain ENV425 for the field demonstration. NR 47 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 8 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1069-3629 EI 1745-6592 J9 GROUND WATER MONIT R JI Ground Water Monit. Remediat. PD SPR PY 2015 VL 35 IS 2 BP 81 EP 92 DI 10.1111/gwmr.12093 PG 12 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA CI9YD UT WOS:000355125800008 ER PT J AU Vono, C AF Vono, Charles TI At last, recognition for no fault found SO AEROSPACE AMERICA LA English DT Letter C1 US Air Force Acad, Ogden, UT USA. RP Vono, C (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Ogden, UT USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0740-722X J9 AEROSPACE AM JI Aerosp. Am. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 53 IS 3 BP 3 EP 3 PG 1 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA CH4VU UT WOS:000354032200004 ER PT J AU Huang, CS Hairston, MR AF Huang, Chao-Song Hairston, Marc R. TI The postsunset vertical plasma drift and its effects on the generation of equatorial plasma bubbles observed by the C/NOFS satellite SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE equatorial ionosphere; plasma bubbles; prereversal enhancement; plasma drift ID GRAVITY-WAVE INITIATION; SPREAD-F; NONLINEAR EVOLUTION; SOLAR MAXIMUM; IRREGULARITIES; VELOCITY; REGION; SCINTILLATIONS; IONOSPHERE; CAMPAIGN AB The prereversal enhancement (PRE) of the vertical plasma drift in the postsunset sector is an important factor that controls the generation of equatorial plasma bubbles. In this study, we use the measurements of the ion velocity meter on board the Communication/Navigation Outage Forecasting System satellite during 2008-2014 to identify the PRE and its effects on the occurrence of plasma bubbles. The seasonal and longitudinal distributions of the PRE are derived at different solar flux levels. Large PRE occurs at 240-360 degrees longitudes in equinoctial months and December solstice, and small or downward PRE occurs around 60 degrees in June solstice. The seasonal and longitudinal distributions of large-amplitude equatorial spread F (ESF) (N>5x10(10)m(-3)) are similar to that of the PRE, while the occurrence probability of ESF including smaller-amplitude perturbations (N>1x10(10)m(-3)) can be quite high at any longitude in any season. A quantitative relationship between the PRE and the ESF occurrence probability is derived and well characterized by the cumulative distribution function of a continuous probability distribution. Such a distribution implies that the occurrence of ESF is a probability event. The ESF occurrence probability is small when the PRE is zero or downward and becomes larger than 80% when the PRE is greater than 40ms(-1). Both the ESF occurrence probability and the amplitude increase with the solar radio flux. C1 [Huang, Chao-Song] Air Force Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Hairston, Marc R.] Univ Texas Dallas, Hanson Ctr Space Sci, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. RP Huang, CS (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM chaosong.huang@kirtland.af.mil OI Hairston, Marc/0000-0003-4524-4837 FU Air Force Research Laboratory; SMC Defense Weather Systems Directorate; Department of Defense Space Test Program; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Naval Research Laboratory; Aerospace Corporation; NASA [NNX15AB83G, NNX10AT02G] FX The C/NOFS mission is supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory, the SMC Defense Weather Systems Directorate, the Department of Defense Space Test Program, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Naval Research Laboratory, and The Aerospace Corporation. Work at the Air Force Research Laboratory was supported in part by NASA grant NNX15AB83G. The work at the University of Texas at Dallas was supported by NASA grant NNX10AT02G. C/NOFS data are available intheNASAdatabase (http://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/istp_public/). NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 120 IS 3 BP 2263 EP 2275 DI 10.1002/2014JA020735 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CG4EY UT WOS:000353237600055 ER PT J AU Lyke, J Christodoulou, CG Vera, A Edwards, AH AF Lyke, James Christodoulou, Christos G. Vera, Alonzo Edwards, Art H. TI Special Issue on Reconfigurable Systems: Foundations SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Lyke, James] US Air Force, Washington, DC USA. [Lyke, James] AFRL, Space Vehicles Directorate AFRL RV, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. [Lyke, James] AIAA, Washington, DC USA. [Lyke, James] AIAA Comp Syst Tech Comm, Washington, DC USA. [Christodoulou, Christos G.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Christodoulou, Christos G.] Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Christodoulou, Christos G.] Univ New Mexico, COSMIAC Configurable Space Microsyst Innovat & Ap, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Edwards, Art H.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Edwards, Art H.] Westinghouse Elect, Cranberry Township, PA USA. [Edwards, Art H.] Univ N Carolina, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. [Edwards, Art H.] Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. [Edwards, Art H.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Lyke, J (reprint author), AFRL Space Elect Branch, Space Vehicles Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9219 EI 1558-2256 J9 P IEEE JI Proc. IEEE PD MAR PY 2015 VL 103 IS 3 SI SI BP 287 EP 290 DI 10.1109/JPROC.2015.2399071 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA CG2QH UT WOS:000353119000002 ER PT J AU Lyke, JC Christodoulou, CG Vera, GA Edwards, AH AF Lyke, James C. Christodoulou, Christos G. Vera, G. Alonzo Edwards, Arthur H. TI An Introduction to Reconfigurable Systems SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE LA English DT Article DE Computer architecture; field programmable analog arrays; field programmable gate arrays; integrated circuit packaging; memory; metamaterials; microelectromechanical system; microfluidics; microwave circuits; neural networks; photonics; programmable circuits; reconfigurable architectures; reconfigurable logic; routing; software defined networking; software radio; switching circuits ID PROGRAMMABLE GATE ARRAYS; NAND FLASH MEMORY; RF-MEMS SWITCHES; EXPERIMENTAL-VERIFICATION; INTEGRATED-CIRCUITS; COGNITIVE RADIO; FLUIDIC LENSES; ANALOG; FPGAS; NETWORKS AB Reconfigurability can be thought of as software-defined functionality, where flexibility is controlled predominately through the specification of bit patterns. Reconfigurable systems can be as simple as a single switch, or as abstract and powerful as programmable matter. This paper considers the generalization of reconfigurable systems as an important evolving discipline, bolstered by real-world archetypes such as field programmable gate arrays and software-definable radio (platform and application, respectively). It considers what reconfigurable systems actually are, their motivation, their taxonomy, the fundamental mechanisms and architectural considerations underlying them, designing them and using them in applications. With well-known real-world instances, such as the field programmable gate array, the paper attempts to motivate an understanding of the many possible directions and implications of a new class of system which is fundamentally based on the ability to change. C1 [Lyke, James C.; Edwards, Arthur H.] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Christodoulou, Christos G.; Vera, G. Alonzo] Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Lyke, JC (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM spaceelectronics@kirtland.a.mil NR 223 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 23 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9219 EI 1558-2256 J9 P IEEE JI Proc. IEEE PD MAR PY 2015 VL 103 IS 3 SI SI BP 291 EP 317 DI 10.1109/JPROC.2015.2397832 PG 27 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA CG2QH UT WOS:000353119000003 ER PT J AU Ocampo, TL Rans, TS AF Ocampo, Thad L. Rans, Tonya S. TI Cannabis sativa: the unconventional "weed" allergen SO ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID MARIJUANA SMOKING; HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS; PULMONARY-FUNCTION; CONTACT URTICARIA; LIPID-TRANSFER; SENSITIZATION; LUNG; CONTAMINATION; WORKERS; TOBACCO C1 [Ocampo, Thad L.; Rans, Tonya S.] Wilford Hall Ambulatory Surg Ctr, Dept Allergy Immunol, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Ocampo, TL (reprint author), Wilford Hall Ambulatory Surg Ctr, Dept Allergy Immunol, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM thad.ocampo@us.af.mil NR 57 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1081-1206 EI 1534-4436 J9 ANN ALLERG ASTHMA IM JI Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 114 IS 3 BP 187 EP 192 DI 10.1016/j.anai.2015.01.004 PG 6 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA CF1ML UT WOS:000352309800012 PM 25744904 ER PT J AU Burns, JT Bush, RW Ai, JH Jones, JL Lee, Y Gangloff, RP AF Burns, J. T. Bush, R. W. Ai, J. H. Jones, J. L. Lee, Y. Gangloff, R. P. TI Effect of water vapor pressure on fatigue crack growth in Al-Zn-Cu-Mg over wide-range stress intensity factor loading SO ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE Fatigue; Hydrogen embrittlement; Threshold; Vacuum; Water vapor pressure; Environment enhanced fatigue ID SERIES ALUMINUM-ALLOYS; ENVIRONMENTAL FATIGUE; CORROSION-FATIGUE; ASSISTED CRACKING; PROPAGATION; FREQUENCY; BEHAVIOR; TRANSPORT; MICROSTRUCTURE; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY AB Investigation of the deleterious effect of high purity water vapor on fatigue crack growth rate (da/dN) in 7075-T651 shows that growth rate declines with decreasing water vapor pressure (P-H2O) over a wide range of stress intensity range (Delta K). Decreasing Delta K experiments exhibit a novel minimum in da/dN for intermediate PH2O and low Delta K. This minimum and testing protocol dependent environmental-fatigue behavior are explained by crack wake fracture morphology and R-dependent crack opening displacement effects on molecular flow to the crack tip. This environmentally-based mechanism leads to the onset and reversal of a non-conservative and false high threshold stress intensity range. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Burns, J. T.; Ai, J. H.; Jones, J. L.; Lee, Y.; Gangloff, R. P.] Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Bush, R. W.; Lee, Y.] USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80841 USA. RP Burns, JT (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM jtb5r@virginia.edu FU Technical Corrosion Collaboration; Northrop Grumman Industry Liaison FX This research was sponsored by the Technical Corrosion Collaboration managed by the DoD Office of Corrosion Policy and Oversight. Drs. John Papazian (deceased) and Elias Anagnostou of Northrop Grumman Corporation provided 7075-T651, as well as Northrop Grumman Industry Liaison funding. These contributions are gratefully acknowledged. The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official polices and endorsements, either expressed or implied, of the US Air Force Academy or the US Government. NR 92 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-7944 EI 1873-7315 J9 ENG FRACT MECH JI Eng. Fract. Mech. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 137 BP 34 EP 55 DI 10.1016/j.engfracmech.2014.11.009 PG 22 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA CG0OV UT WOS:000352966800005 ER PT J AU Dorman, SEG Reid, TA Hoff, BK Henning, DH Collins, SE AF Dorman, Sarah E. Galyon Reid, Timothy A. Hoff, Benjamin K. Henning, Daniel H. Collins, Sarah E. TI The effect of corrosion inhibitors on environmental fatigue crack growth in Al-Zn-Mg-Cu SO ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE Corrosion fatigue inhibition; Chromate; Molybdate; Inhibitor leaching; AA7075; Microbial influenced corrosion ID WATER-SYSTEM; BIOFILMS AB Researchers have shown that high levels of chromate added to corrosion fatigue tests on 7xxx series aluminum alloys slows the fatigue crack growth rate (Gasem and Gangloff, 2001; Lui et al., 2003). Corrosion fatigue testing was completed with polymer coating leaching rate relevant inhibitor concentrations to determine the effect on fatigue damage. These results were compared to inhibition by the bacteria Ralstonia pickettii. For the test conditions, the bacteria showed better inhibition than the ionic inhibitors. More research is needed to quantify the mechanical load range and atmospheric corrosion conditions over which ionic inhibition will occur with the low levels of inhibitors available from coatings. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Dorman, Sarah E. Galyon; Hoff, Benjamin K.; Henning, Daniel H.; Collins, Sarah E.] USAF Acad, Ctr Aircraft Struct Life Extens, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Reid, Timothy A.] USAF Acad, Dept Biol, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Dorman, SEG (reprint author), USAF Acad, Ctr Aircraft Struct Life Extens, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Suite 2J2, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM sgd@saf-engineering.com FU United States Office of the Secretary of Defense Corrosion Policy and Oversight Office under the Technical Corrosion Collaboration (TCC) [FA-7000-11-2-0011] FX This work was funded under a USAFA Cooperative Agreement (FA-7000-11-2-0011) by the United States Office of the Secretary of Defense Corrosion Policy and Oversight Office under the Technical Corrosion Collaboration (TCC). NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-7944 EI 1873-7315 J9 ENG FRACT MECH JI Eng. Fract. Mech. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 137 BP 56 EP 63 DI 10.1016/j.engfracmech.2014.12.009 PG 8 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA CG0OV UT WOS:000352966800006 ER PT J AU Hanson, CQ Kunz, DL Lindsley, NJ AF Hanson, Colin Q. Kunz, Donald L. Lindsley, Ned J. TI Investigation of Missile Control Surface Effects on F-16 Limit-Cycle Oscillation SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article ID EXTERNAL STORES; AIRCRAFT; FIGHTER AB Tactical aircraft with thin wings and heavy external wing stores are susceptible to aeroelastic limit-cycle oscillations. This investigation applies both frequency-domain and time-domain solutions using aeroelastic computational models to predict limit-cycle oscillation onset, frequency, and amplitude on an F-16. The test configuration uses missile shapes with reconfigurable aerodynamic and mass properties. Statistical analysis of flight-test results identifies significant experimental variables of missile aerodynamic configuration, flight condition, and aircraft fuel state. Furthermore, statistical analysis permits the normalization of flight-test results for direct comparison to aeroelastic models. Results of the comparison show that flight-test data analysis mostly supports the prediction trends, but the magnitude of the aerodynamic effects due to the canards and fins is much less significant in the test data. C1 [Hanson, Colin Q.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Kunz, Donald L.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Lindsley, Ned J.] US Air Force, Res Lab, RQVC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hanson, CQ (reprint author), US Air Force, Test Operat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 EI 1533-3868 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD MAR-APR PY 2015 VL 52 IS 2 BP 462 EP 470 DI 10.2514/1.C032741 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA CF1PX UT WOS:000352321100008 ER PT J AU Davis, J Kim, NH Lind, R AF Davis, James Kim, Nam H. Lind, Rick TI Control of the Flexural Axis of a Wing with Piezoelectric Actuation SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article ID FIBER-COMPOSITE ACTUATORS; AIRCRAFT AB Through aeroelastic effects, the various structural parameters of a wing can have significant effects on the flight dynamics of any size of aerial vehicle. If these parameters could be manipulated in flight, the aeroelastic interactions could, in turn, be leveraged for control purposes. If done properly, this approach has the potential to yield a significant improvement over conventional control surfaces for highly aeroelastic vehicles in terms of maneuverability. In this paper, the preliminary analysis of a proposed structural system with this capability is presented. The proposed system is a combination of a highly flexible conventionally configured wing structure, piezoelectric actuation, and a feedback loop. This system embeds a haptic system into the rear spar of the wing, the effects of which are adjustable by means of a gain parameter. The analysis presented in this paper shows the feasibility of the design and effectiveness of an unoptimized configuration, relocating the flexural axis by approximately 22%. This preliminary analysis establishes that the presented structural-parameter-actuation design, termed flexural-axis control, is practical and realizable. C1 [Davis, James] US Air Force, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Computat Sci Branch, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. [Kim, Nam H.; Lind, Rick] Univ Florida, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Davis, J (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Computat Sci Branch, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. EM james.davis.20@us.af.mil; nkim@ufl.edu; ricklind@ufl.edu NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0021-8669 EI 1533-3868 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD MAR-APR PY 2015 VL 52 IS 2 BP 584 EP 594 DI 10.2514/1.C032776 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA CF1PX UT WOS:000352321100018 ER PT J AU Kang, NG Kokubo, K Jeon, S Wang, M Lee, CL Canteenwala, T Tan, LS Chiang, LY AF Kang, Nam-Goo Kokubo, Ken Jeon, Seaho Wang, Min Lee, Chang-Lyoul Canteenwala, Taizoon Tan, Loon-Seng Chiang, Long Y. TI Synthesis and Photoluminescent Properties of Geometrically Hindered cis-Tris(diphenylaminofluorene) as Precursors to Light-Emitting Devices SO MOLECULES LA English DT Article ID AGGREGATION-ENHANCED FLUORESCENCE; METHYL-SUBSTITUTED DERIVATIVES; AMORPHOUS MOLECULAR MATERIALS; 2-PHOTON ABSORPTION; ENERGY-TRANSFER; PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY; CROSS-SECTION; DENDRIMERS; STARBURST; ADDUCTS AB A novel highly luminescent tris-fluorenyl ring-interconnected chromophore tris(DPAF-C-9) was synthesized using a C-3 symmetrical triaminobenzene core as the synthon. This structure bears three light-harvesting 2-diphenylamino-9,9-dialkylfluorenyl (DPAF) ring moieties with each attached by two branched 3',5',5'-trimethylhexyl (C-9) arms. A major stereoisomer was chromatographically isolated and characterized to possess a 3D structural configuration of cis-conformer in a cup-form. Molecular calculation at B3LYP/6-31G* level revealed the unexpected stability of this cis-cup-conformer of tris(DPAF-C-9) better than that of the stereoisomer in a propeller-form and the trans-conformer. The structural geometry is proposed to be capable of minimizing the aggregation related self-quenching effect in the condensed phase. Fluorescence emission wavelength of tris(DPAF-C-9) was found to be in a close range to that of PVK that led to its potential uses as the secondary blue hole-transporting material for enhancing the device property toward the modulation of PLED performance. C1 [Kang, Nam-Goo; Jeon, Seaho; Wang, Min; Canteenwala, Taizoon; Chiang, Long Y.] Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Inst Nanosci & Engn Technol, Dept Chem, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. [Kokubo, Ken] Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Div Appl Chem, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. [Lee, Chang-Lyoul] Gwangju Inst Sci & Technol, Adv Photon Res Inst, Gwangju 500712, South Korea. [Tan, Loon-Seng] US Air Force, AFRL RXBN, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Chiang, LY (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Inst Nanosci & Engn Technol, Dept Chem, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. EM papyrus92@gmail.com; kokubo@chem.eng.osaka-u.ac.jp; seaho_jeon@uml.edu; wangmin81@gmail.com; vsepr@gist.ac.kr; taizoonc@hotmail.com; Loon-Seng.Tan@wpafb.af.mil; Long_Chiang@uml.edu RI Tan, Loon-Seng/F-6985-2012 OI Tan, Loon-Seng/0000-0002-2134-9290 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [FA9550-09-1-0380, FA9550-09-1-0183, FA9550-14-1-0153]; Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MEST) [2011-0026341] FX The authors at UML thank the financial support of Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) under the grant number FA9550-09-1-0380, FA9550-09-1-0183, and FA9550-14-1-0153. The author at GIST thanks the financial support of the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MEST) under Basic Science Research Program (Project no. 2011-0026341). NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1420-3049 J9 MOLECULES JI Molecules PD MAR PY 2015 VL 20 IS 3 BP 4635 EP 4654 DI 10.3390/molecules20034635 PG 20 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA CF3TS UT WOS:000352472000031 PM 25781068 ER PT J AU Zhemchuzhna, L Gumbs, G Iurov, A Huang, DH Gao, B AF Zhemchuzhna, Liubov Gumbs, Godfrey Iurov, Andrii Huang, Danhong Gao, Bo TI Coulomb excitations for a short linear chain of metallic shells SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID DIMERS AB A self-consistent-field theory is given for the electronic collective modes of a chain containing a finite number, N, of Coulomb-coupled spherical two-dimensional electron gases arranged with their centers along a straight line, for simulating electromagnetic response of a narrow-ribbon of metallic shells. The separation between nearest-neighbor shells is arbitrary and because of the quantization of the electron energy levels due to their confinement to the spherical surface, all angular momenta L of the Coulomb excitations, as well as their projections M on the quantization axis, are coupled. However, for incoming light with a given polarization, only one angular momentum quantum number is usually required. Therefore, the electromagnetic response of the narrow-ribbon of metallic shells is expected to be controlled externally by selecting different polarizations for incident light. We show that, when N = 3, the next-nearest-neighbor Coulomb coupling is larger than its value if they are located at opposite ends of a right-angle triangle forming the triad. Additionally, the frequencies of the plasma excitations are found to depend on the orientation of the line joining them with respect to the axis of quantization since the magnetic field generated from the induced oscillating electric dipole moment on one sphere can couple to the induced magnetic dipole moment on another. Although the transverse inter-shell electromagnetic coupling can be modeled by an effective dynamic medium, the longitudinal inter-shell Coulomb coupling, on the other hand, can still significantly modify the electromagnetic property of this effective medium between shells. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Zhemchuzhna, Liubov; Gumbs, Godfrey; Gao, Bo] CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, New York, NY 10065 USA. [Zhemchuzhna, Liubov; Iurov, Andrii] Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Gumbs, Godfrey] DIPC, San Sebastian 20018, Basque Country, Spain. [Huang, Danhong] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Zhemchuzhna, L (reprint author), CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, 695 Pk Ave, New York, NY 10065 USA. EM lzhemchuzhna@unm.edu RI DONOSTIA INTERNATIONAL PHYSICS CTR., DIPC/C-3171-2014 FU AFRL [FA 9453-13-1-0291] FX This research was supported by Contract No. FA 9453-13-1-0291 of AFRL. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAR PY 2015 VL 22 IS 3 AR 032116 DI 10.1063/1.4916063 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA CE9KS UT WOS:000352163500020 ER PT J AU Henney, CJ Hock, RA Schooley, AK Toussaint, WA White, SM Arge, CN AF Henney, C. J. Hock, R. A. Schooley, A. K. Toussaint, W. A. White, S. M. Arge, C. N. TI Forecasting solar extreme and far ultraviolet irradiance SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-FIELD; WIND; SUN; MODELS; FLUX; MAGNETOGRAMS; INDEXES; SIDE; SPECTROMAGNETOGRAPH; VARIABILITY AB A new method is presented to forecast the solar irradiance of selected wavelength ranges within the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and far ultraviolet (FUV) bands. The technique is similar to a method recently published by Henney et al. (2012) to predict solar 10.7 cm (2.8 GHz) radio flux, abbreviated F-10.7, utilizing advanced predictions of the global solar magnetic field generated by a flux transport model. In this and the previous study, we find good correlation between the absolute value of the observed photospheric magnetic field and selected EUV/FUV spectral bands. By evolving solar magnetic maps forward 1 to 7 days with a flux transport model, estimations of the Earth side solar magnetic field distribution are generated and used to forecast irradiance. For example, Pearson correlation coefficient values of 0.99, 0.99, and 0.98 are found for 1 day, 3 day, and 7 day predictions, respectively, of the EUV band from 29 to 32 nm. In the FUV, for example, the 160 to 165 nm spectral band, correlation values of 0.98, 0.97, and 0.96 are found for 1 day, 3 day, and 7 day predictions, respectively. In the previous study, the observed F-10.7 signal is found to correlate well with strong magnetic field (i.e., sunspot) regions. Here we find that solar EUV and FUV signals are significantly correlated with the weaker magnetic fields associated with plage regions, suggesting that solar magnetic indices may provide an improved indicator (relative to the widely used F-10.7 signal) of EUV and FUV nonflaring irradiance variability as input to ionospheric and thermospheric models. C1 [Henney, C. J.; Hock, R. A.; White, S. M.; Arge, C. N.] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Schooley, A. K.] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany. [Toussaint, W. A.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Natl Solar Observ, Tucson, AZ 85726 USA. RP Henney, CJ (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM cjhenney@gmail.com FU AFRL's (Air Force Research Laboratory) Space Weather Forecasting Laboratory (SWFL); Canadian Space Agency FX We gratefully acknowledge the two referees for helpful comments. The work presented here was partially supported by the AFRL's (Air Force Research Laboratory) Space Weather Forecasting Laboratory (SWFL). A. Schooley is grateful for the summer internship opportunity provided by the AFRL Scholars Program. The ADAPT model was developed with support by a grant from the AFOSR (Air Force Office of Scientific Research). The 10.7 cm solar radio flux data service is operated by the National Research Council of Canada and Natural Resources Canada, with the support of the Canadian Space Agency. The National Solar Observatory (NSO) data used for this work are produced cooperatively by National Science Foundation (NSF) and the NSO. The NSO is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA), Inc., under cooperative agreement with the NSF. The data for this paper are publicly available at http://diglib.nso.edu/ftp.html (NSO full-disk magnetogram data) and http://lasp.colorado.edu/home/see/data/ (TIMED/SEE data). In addition, the F10.7 data are from the file fluxtable.txt at the ftp site in the path: /data/solar_flux/daily_flux_values/. NR 56 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1542-7390 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD MAR PY 2015 VL 13 IS 3 BP 141 EP 153 DI 10.1002/2014SW001118 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CG1JX UT WOS:000353030000003 ER PT J AU Clauson, ER Crawford, P AF Clauson, Erik R. Crawford, Paul TI What you must know before you recommend a probiotic SO JOURNAL OF FAMILY PRACTICE LA English DT Editorial Material ID HELICOBACTER-PYLORI ERADICATION; ANTIBIOTIC-ASSOCIATED DIARRHEA; IRRITABLE-BOWEL-SYNDROME; DOUBLE-BLIND; METAANALYSIS; PREVENTION; TRIAL; MANAGEMENT; EFFICACY C1 [Clauson, Erik R.; Crawford, Paul] Nellis Family Med Residency Program, Nellis AFB, NV USA. RP Clauson, ER (reprint author), Nellis Family Med Residency, 99 MDOS SGOF,4700 Las Vegas Blvd North, Nellis AFB, NV 89191 USA. EM erik.clauson.1@us.af.mil NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU DOWDEN HEALTH MEDIA PI MONTVALE PA 110 SUMMIT AVE, MONTVALE, NJ 07645-1712 USA SN 0094-3509 J9 J FAM PRACTICE JI J. Fam. Pract. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 64 IS 3 BP 151 EP 155 PG 5 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA CF1AX UT WOS:000352277000004 PM 25789349 ER PT J AU Baum, A Crawford, P Humphrey-Shelton, M AF Baum, Alison Crawford, Paul Humphrey-Shelton, Maureen TI Does the presence of a trained support person during labor decrease C-section rates? SO JOURNAL OF FAMILY PRACTICE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Baum, Alison; Crawford, Paul] Nellis Family Med Residency, Nellis AFB, NV 89191 USA. [Humphrey-Shelton, Maureen] Robley Rex VA Med Ctr, Louisville, KY USA. RP Baum, A (reprint author), Nellis Family Med Residency, Nellis AFB, NV 89191 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU DOWDEN HEALTH MEDIA PI MONTVALE PA 110 SUMMIT AVE, MONTVALE, NJ 07645-1712 USA SN 0094-3509 J9 J FAM PRACTICE JI J. Fam. Pract. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 64 IS 3 BP 192 EP U62 PG 2 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA CF1AX UT WOS:000352277000013 PM 25789348 ER PT J AU Senkov, ON Miller, JD Miracle, DB Woodward, C AF Senkov, O. N. Miller, J. D. Miracle, D. B. Woodward, C. TI Accelerated exploration of multi-principal element alloys with solid solution phases SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-ENTROPY ALLOYS; MULTICOMPONENT ALLOYS; COMBINATORIAL; DESIGN; MICROSTRUCTURE; STABILITY; TOOLS AB Recent multi-principal element, high entropy alloy (HEA) development strategies vastly expand the number of candidate alloy systems, but also pose a new challenge-how to rapidly screen thousands of candidate alloy systems for targeted properties. Here we develop a new approach to rapidly assess structural metals by combining calculated phase diagrams with simple rules based on the phases present, their transformation temperatures and useful microstructures. We evaluate over 130,000 alloy systems, identifying promising compositions for more time-intensive experimental studies. We find the surprising result that solid solution alloys become less likely as the number of alloy elements increases. This contradicts the major premise of HEAs-that increased configurational entropy increases the stability of disordered solid solution phases. As the number of elements increases, the configurational entropy rises slowly while the probability of at least one pair of elements favouring formation of intermetallic compounds increases more rapidly, explaining this apparent contradiction. C1 [Senkov, O. N.; Miller, J. D.; Miracle, D. B.; Woodward, C.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Senkov, ON (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, 2230 Tenth St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM oleg.senkov.ctr@us.af.mil OI Senkov, Oleg/0000-0001-5587-415X FU UES, Inc., Dayton, Ohio, USA [FA8650-10-D-5226] FX Technical help from Mr. Adam Shiveley (AFRL) in writing a computer script for automated, continuous running of multiple Pandat batch files and numerous discussions with Dr Fan Zhang (CompuTherm LLC) are greatly appreciated. This work was conducted at the Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate. Work by O.N.S. was supported through the AF on-site contract FA8650-10-D-5226 managed by UES, Inc., Dayton, Ohio, USA. NR 30 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 19 U2 99 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 6 AR 6529 DI 10.1038/ncomms7529 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CF7EW UT WOS:000352720000019 PM 25739749 ER PT J AU Ferguson, DC Hilmer, RV Davis, VA AF Ferguson, Dale C. Hilmer, Robert V. Davis, Victoria A. TI Best Geosynchronous Earth Orbit Daytime Spacecraft Charging Index SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article ID ENVIRONMENT; SUNLIGHT; SCATHA AB Recently, the debate on what is the best daytime Geosynchronous Earth Orbit spacecraft charging index has been reopened. In this paper, the conclusions of one of the recent papers on the subject are verified by comparing Nascap-2k results with charging and fluxes measured on the Spacecraft Charging at the High Altitudes, Intelsat, Defense Satellite Communications System, and Los Alamos National Laboratory Geosynchronous Earth Orbit satellites. In addition, a refined measure of charging is presented as the total thermal electron flux above a certain minimum energy that is well above the second crossover point in secondary electron emission. The use of this type of index is justified by correlations between Nascap-2k simulation results and total fluxes above a range of energies. The best minimum energy to use is determined for spacecraft of different design and surface materials. Finally, the optimum Geosynchronous Earth Orbit daytime spacecraft charging index is obtained, and its use for predicting and resolving spacecraft anomalies in real time is justified. C1 [Ferguson, Dale C.] US Air Force Res Lab, Spacecraft Charging Sci & Technol, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Hilmer, Robert V.] US Air Force Res Lab, Energet Particle Specificat & Forecast Sect, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Davis, Victoria A.] Leidos Inc, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. RP Ferguson, DC (reprint author), US Air Force Res Lab, Spacecraft Charging Sci & Technol, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 EI 1533-6794 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD MAR PY 2015 VL 52 IS 2 BP 526 EP 543 DI 10.2514/1.A32959 PG 18 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA CE2CS UT WOS:000351621400021 ER PT J AU Ardelean, EV Babuska, V Goodding, JC Coombs, DM Robertson, LM Lane, SA AF Ardelean, Emil V. Babuska, Vit Goodding, James C. Coombs, Douglas M. Robertson, Lawrence M., III Lane, Steven A. TI Cable Effects Study: Tangents, Rabbit Holes, Dead Ends, and Valuable Results SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article ID EXPERIMENTAL VALIDATION AB Lessons learned during a study on the effects that electrical power and signal wiring harness cables introduce on the dynamic response of precision spacecraft is presented, along with the most significant results. The study was a three year effort to discover a set of practical approaches for updating well-defined dynamic models of harness-free structures where knowledge of the cable type, position, and tie-down method are known. Although cables are found on every satellite, the focus was on precision, low damping, and very flexible structures. Obstacles encountered, classified as tangents, rabbit holes, and dead ends, offer practical lessons for structural dynamics research. The paper traces the historical, experiential progression of the project, describing how the obstacles affected the project. First, methods were developed to estimate cable properties. Problems were encountered because of the flexible, highly damped nature of cables. Abeam was used as a test article to validate experimentally derived cable properties and to refine the assumptions regarding boundary conditions. A spacecraft bus-like panel with cables attached was designed, and finite element models were developed and validated through experiment. Various paths were investigated at each stage before a consistent test and analysis methodology was developed. C1 [Ardelean, Emil V.] Schafer Corp, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Babuska, Vit] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Goodding, James C.; Coombs, Douglas M.] Moog CSA Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. [Robertson, Lawrence M., III; Lane, Steven A.] US Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Ardelean, EV (reprint author), Schafer Corp, 2309 Renard Pl SE,Suite 300, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. EM vitbabuska1@msn.com; jgoodding@csaengineering.com; dcoombs@csaengineering.com; lawrence.robertson@us.af.mil; steven.lane.1@us.af.mil FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research; U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This effort was supported in part by the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research. A portion of this work was performed at Sandia National Laboratories. Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. The authors thank Greg Mehle, Roger Glease, and Cody Griffee for their contributions during the course of the project. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0022-4650 EI 1533-6794 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD MAR PY 2015 VL 52 IS 2 BP 569 EP 583 DI 10.2514/1.A32792 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA CE2CS UT WOS:000351621400025 ER PT J AU Rabb, D Marron, J AF Rabb, David Marron, Joseph TI Computational Approaches to Imaging LADAR SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Rabb, David] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Marron, Joseph] Raytheon Space & Airborne Syst, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. RP Rabb, D (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM david.rabb@wpafb.af.mil; joseph.marron@raytheon.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 EI 1560-2303 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 54 IS 3 AR 031101 DI 10.1117/1.OE.54.3.031101 PG 1 WC Optics SC Optics GA CE1QR UT WOS:000351587500003 ER PT J AU Bowen, CD Roberts, JE Dominguez, AR Kobayashi, TT AF Bowen, Casey D. Roberts, Jared E. Dominguez, Arturo R. Kobayashi, Todd T. TI PEDIATRIC DERMATOLOGY PHOTOQUIZ Diagnosis: Solitary Infantile Myofibroma SO PEDIATRIC DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 [Bowen, Casey D.; Roberts, Jared E.; Kobayashi, Todd T.] San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, San Antonio, TX USA. [Dominguez, Arturo R.] Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Dept Dermatol, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. RP Bowen, CD (reprint author), San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. EM caseybowen@gmail.com NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0736-8046 EI 1525-1470 J9 PEDIATR DERMATOL JI Pediatr. Dermatol. PD MAR-APR PY 2015 VL 32 IS 2 BP 281 EP 282 DI 10.1111/pde.12440 PG 2 WC Dermatology; Pediatrics SC Dermatology; Pediatrics GA CE3RZ UT WOS:000351747500031 PM 25801078 ER PT J AU Li, YC Maslov, AV Limberopoulos, NI Urbas, AM Astratov, VN AF Li, Yangcheng Maslov, Alexey V. Limberopoulos, Nicholaos I. Urbas, Augustine M. Astratov, Vasily N. TI Spectrally resolved resonant propulsion of dielectric microspheres SO LASER & PHOTONICS REVIEWS LA English DT Article DE cavity optomechanics; optical propulsion; whispering-gallery modes; microspheres; tapered microfiber ID WHISPERING-GALLERY MODES; OPTICAL WAVE-GUIDES; EVANESCENT FIELD; RADIATION FORCES; LIGHT; SPECTROSCOPY; MICROPARTICLES; MICROCAVITIES; TRANSPORT; LATTICES AB Use of resonant light forces opens up a unique approach to high-volume sorting of microspherical resonators with much higher uniformity of resonances compared to that in coupled-cavity structures obtained by the best semiconductor technologies. In this work, the spectral response of the propulsion forces exerted on polystyrene microspheres near tapered microfibers is directly observed. The measurements are based on the control of the detuning between the tunable laser and internal resonances in each sphere with accuracy higher than the width of the resonances. The measured spectral shape of the propulsion forces correlates well with the whispering-gallery mode resonances in the microspheres. The existence of a stable radial trap for the microspheres propelled along the taper is demonstrated. The giant force peaks observed for 20-m spheres are found to be in a good agreement with a model calculation demonstrating an efficient use of the light momentum for propelling the microspheres. C1 [Li, Yangcheng; Astratov, Vasily N.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Opt Sci, Ctr Optoelect & Opt Commun, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. [Maslov, Alexey V.] Univ Nizhny Novgorod, Dept Radiophys, Nizhnii Novgorod 603950, Russia. [Limberopoulos, Nicholaos I.; Astratov, Vasily N.] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Urbas, Augustine M.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Li, YC (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Opt Sci, Ctr Optoelect & Opt Commun, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. EM yli63@uncc.edu; astratov@uncc.edu RI Maslov, Alexey/E-5158-2011 OI Maslov, Alexey/0000-0002-7835-2474 FU US Army Research Office [W911NF-09-1-0450, DURIPW911NF-11-1-0406, W911NF-12-1-0538]; Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL/RYD) through AMMTIAC; Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL/RXC) through AMMTIAC; Alion Science and Technology; MCF II; UES, Inc.; Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation [11.G34.31.0011, 02.B.49.21.0003] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge support from US Army Research Office through Dr. J. T. Prater under Contract No. W911NF-09-1-0450 and DURIPW911NF-11-1-0406 and W911NF-12-1-0538. Also, this work was sponsored by the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL/RYD, AFRL/RXC) through the AMMTIAC contract with Alion Science and Technology and the MCF II contract with UES, Inc. The work at the University of Nizhny Novgorod was supported in part by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation through Agreements No. 11.G34.31.0011 and No. 02.B.49.21.0003. NR 83 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 29 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1863-8880 EI 1863-8899 J9 LASER PHOTONICS REV JI Laser Photon. Rev. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 9 IS 2 BP 263 EP 273 DI 10.1002/lpor.201400237 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Optics; Physics GA CD9FY UT WOS:000351404600012 ER PT J AU Hayden, M Bolger, D Rand, DH Ricciardone, F AF Hayden, Michael Bolger, Daniel Rand, Dafna H. Ricciardone, Francis TI MANAGING, ENDING AND AVOIDING WARS IN THE MIDDLE EAST SO MIDDLE EAST POLICY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Hayden, Michael; Bolger, Daniel] US Air Force, New York, NY USA. [Hayden, Michael] Cent Intelligence Agcy, New York, NY USA. [Hayden, Michael] Natl Intelligence, Washington, DC USA. [Hayden, Michael] Natl Secur Agcy, Ft George G Meade, MD 20755 USA. [Bolger, Daniel] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Rand, Dafna H.] Ctr New Amer Secur, Washington, DC USA. [Rand, Dafna H.] Natl Secur Council, Democracy & Governance, New York, NY USA. [Rand, Dafna H.] US Dept State, Washington, DC 20520 USA. [Ricciardone, Francis] Atlantic Council, Rafik Hariri Ctr Middle East, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1061-1924 EI 1475-4967 J9 MIDDLE EAST POLICY JI Middle East Policy PD SPR PY 2015 VL 22 IS 1 BP 1 EP 31 DI 10.1111/mepo.12109 PG 31 WC Area Studies; International Relations SC Area Studies; International Relations GA CE0QP UT WOS:000351509800001 ER PT J AU Fajardo, KA Tchandja, J AF Fajardo, Kevin A. Tchandja, Juste TI Exercise-Induced Cardiac Arrest in a Sickle Cell Trait-Positive Air Force Recruit: A Case Report SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SUDDEN-DEATH AB In October 2011, a sickle cell trait (SCT)-positive Air Force recruit collapsed and died immediately following his physical fitness test. The cause of death was reported to be a cardiac dysrhythmia secondary to an acute sickling crisis. Although it is well known that SCT-positive individuals have a significant risk of exercise-related death (ERD), this case is notable in that none of the commonly cited risk factors were present, including exertional heat injury, dehydration, training at altitude, and rhabdomyolysis. Our findings challenge the commonly held assertion exertional heat illness is the fundamental underlying etiology in these cases, and that the current Department of Defense's policy on SCT screening is ineffective at mitigating the risk of ERD in SCT-positive recruits. Furthermore, we argue that without a clearer understanding of the precise risk factors for ERD in this population, screening programs may actually shift excessive health risks onto those without SCT. C1 [Fajardo, Kevin A.] US Air Force Acad, Aerosp Med Squadron 10, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Tchandja, Juste] Joint Base San Antonio, Med Operat Squadron 559, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Fajardo, KA (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Aerosp Med Squadron 10, 2355 Fac Dr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 EI 1930-613X J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 180 IS 3 BP E372 EP E374 DI 10.7205/MILMED-D-14-00354 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA CD3OI UT WOS:000350987700003 PM 25735033 ER PT J AU Biswas, S Liu, XY Jarrett, JW Brown, D Pustovit, V Urbas, A Knappenberger, KL Nealey, PF Vaia, RA AF Biswas, Sushmita Liu, Xiaoying Jarrett, Jeremy W. Brown, Dean Pustovit, Vitaliy Urbas, Augustine Knappenberger, Kenneth L., Jr. Nealey, Paul F. Vaia, Richard A. TI Nonlinear Chiro-Optical Amplification by Plasmonic Nanolens Arrays Formed via Directed Assembly of Gold Nanoparticles SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Directed assembly; gold heterodimers; nanolens; second harmonic generation; circular dichroism ID ENHANCED RAMAN-SCATTERING; 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION; INDUCED TRANSPARENCY; CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; FANO RESONANCE; HETERODIMERS; SYMMETRY; NANOSTRUCTURES; METAMATERIALS; SPECTROSCOPY AB Metal nanoparticle assemblies are promising materials for nanophotonic applications due to novel linear and nonlinear optical properties arising from their plasmon modes. However, scalable fabrication approaches that provide both precision nano- and macroarchitectures, and performance commensurate with design and model predictions, have been limiting. Herein, we demonstrate controlled and efficient nanofocusing of the fundamental and second harmonic frequencies of incident linearly and circularly polarized light using reduced symmetry gold nanoparticle dimers formed by surface-directed assembly of colloidal nanoparticles. Large ordered arrays (>100) of these C-ov heterodimers (ratio of radii R-1/R-2 = 150 nm/50 nm = 3; gap distance l = 1 +/- 0.5 nm) exhibit second harmonic generation and structure-dependent chiro-optic activity with the circular dichroism ratio of individual heterodimers varying less than 20% across the array, demonstrating precision and uniformity at a large scale. These nonlinear optical properties were mediated by interparticle plasmon coupling. Additionally, the versatility of the fabrication is demonstrated on a variety of substrates including flexible polymers. Numerical simulations guide architecture design as well as validating the experimental results, thus confirming the ability to optimize second harmonic yield and induce chiro-optical responses for compact sensors, optical modulators, and tunable light sources by rational design and fabrication of the nanostructures. C1 [Biswas, Sushmita; Brown, Dean; Pustovit, Vitaliy; Urbas, Augustine; Vaia, Richard A.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Liu, Xiaoying; Nealey, Paul F.] Univ Chicago, Inst Mol Engn, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Jarrett, Jeremy W.; Knappenberger, Kenneth L., Jr.] Florida State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Vaia, RA (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, 2941 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Richard.Vaia@us.af.mil OI Jarrett, Jeremy/0000-0003-1308-1519 FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research under AFOSR [FA9550-10-1-0300, FA8650-090-D-5037]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [CHE-1150249] FX Portions of this research are based on work supported by the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research under AFOSR awards FA9550-10-1-0300 and FA8650-090-D-5037. K.L.K acknowledges support from a National Science Foundation (NSF) award, Grant CHE-1150249. Special appreciation is extended to Mark Strnad at ASU Flexible Electronics and Display Center (U.S. Army RDECOM) for supplying the ITO-PEN substrate. NR 42 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 17 U2 136 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 EI 1530-6992 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 15 IS 3 BP 1836 EP 1842 DI 10.1021/nl504613g PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA CD6GQ UT WOS:000351188000060 PM 25646978 ER PT J AU Gao, YD Shiue, RJ Gan, XT Li, LZ Peng, C Meric, I Wang, L Szep, A Walker, D Hone, J Englund, D AF Gao, Yuanda Shiue, Ren-Jye Gan, Xuetao Li, Luozhou Peng, Cheng Meric, Inanc Wang, Lei Szep, Attila Walker, Dennis, Jr. Hone, James Englund, Dirk TI High-Speed Electro-Optic Modulator Integrated with Graphene-Boron Nitride Heterostructure and Photonic Crystal Nanocavity SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Optoelectronics; electro-optic modulator; graphene; boron nitride; photonic crystal ID OPTICAL MODULATOR; SILICON AB Nanoscale and power-efficient electro-optic (EO) modulators are essential components for optical interconnects that are beginning to replace electrical wiring for intra- and interchip communications.(1-4) Silicon-based EO modulators show sufficient figures of merits regarding device footprint, speed, power consumption, and modulation depth.(5-11) However, the weak electro-optic effect of silicon still sets a technical bottleneck for these devices, motivating the development of modulators based on new materials. Graphene, a two-dimensional carbon allotrope, has emerged as an alternative active material for optoelectronic applications., Owing to its exceptional optical and electronic properties.(12-14) Here, we demonstrate a high-speed graphene electro-optic modulator based on a graphene-boron nitride (BN) heterostructure integrated with a silicon photonic crystal nanocavity. Strongly enhanced light-matter interaction of graphene in a submicron cavity enables efficient electrical tuning of the cavity reflection. We observe a modulation depth of 3.2 dB and a cutoff frequency of 1.2 GHz. C1 [Gao, Yuanda; Wang, Lei; Hone, James] Columbia Univ, Dept Mech Engn, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Shiue, Ren-Jye; Li, Luozhou; Peng, Cheng; Englund, Dirk] MIT, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Gan, Xuetao; Meric, Inanc] Columbia Univ, Dept Elect Engn, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Szep, Attila; Walker, Dennis, Jr.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Gao, YD (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Mech Engn, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM yg2221@columbia.edu; jh2228@columbia.edu; englund@mit.edu RI Hone, James/E-1879-2011; OI Hone, James/0000-0002-8084-3301; Wang, Lei/0000-0002-1919-9107 FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-13-1-0662, N00014-14-1-0349]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02- 98CH10886]; Center for Excitonics, an Energy Frontier Research Center - U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0001088] FX Financial support was provided by the Office of Naval Research (Awards N00014-13-1-0662 and N00014-14-1-0349). Device fabrication was partly carried out at the Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, which is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences (contract no. DE-AC02- 98CH10886). The authors thank Xinwen Yao for discussions and assistance in numerical simulations. R.-J.S. was supported in part by the Center for Excitonics, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under award no. DE-SC0001088. NR 33 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 12 U2 126 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 EI 1530-6992 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 15 IS 3 BP 2001 EP 2005 DI 10.1021/nl504860z PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA CD6GQ UT WOS:000351188000084 PM 25700231 ER PT J AU Ross, SM Cobb, RG Baker, WP Harmon, FG AF Ross, Steven M. Cobb, Richard G. Baker, William P. Harmon, Frederick G. TI Implementation lessons and pitfalls for real-time optimal control with stochastic systems SO OPTIMAL CONTROL APPLICATIONS & METHODS LA English DT Article DE real-time optimal control; stochastic optimal control; optimal feedback control ID DIRECT TRAJECTORY OPTIMIZATION; COLLOCATION AB Modern computational power and efficient direct collocation techniques are decreasing the solution time required for the optimal control problem, making real-time optimal control (RTOC) feasible for modern systems. Current trends in the literature indicate that many authors are applying RTOC with a recursive open-loop structure, relying on a high recursion rate for implicit state feedback to counter disturbances and other unmodeled effects without explicit closed-loop control. The limitations of using rapid, instantaneous optimal solutions are demonstrated analytically and through application to a surface-to-air missile avoidance control system. Two methods are proposed for control structure implementation when using RTOC to take advantage of error integration through either classical feedback or disturbance estimation. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Ross, Steven M.; Cobb, Richard G.; Harmon, Frederick G.] US Air Force, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Baker, William P.] US Air Force, Dept Appl Math, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Cobb, RG (reprint author), US Air Force, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM richard.cobb@afit.edu NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0143-2087 EI 1099-1514 J9 OPTIM CONTR APPL MET JI Optim. Control Appl. Methods PD MAR-APR PY 2015 VL 36 IS 2 BP 198 EP 217 DI 10.1002/oca.2110 PG 20 WC Automation & Control Systems; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Automation & Control Systems; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA CD5XO UT WOS:000351162300004 ER PT J AU Warner, MM Herrmann, NP Li, ZH Trask, WR Regan, LA Jantz, RL AF Warner, Monica M. Herrmann, Nicholas P. Li, Zheng-Hua Trask, Willa R. Regan, Laura A. Jantz, Richard L. TI The consequence of the global supermarket on the isotope signatures of modern humans SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 84th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Physical-Anthropologists CY MAR 25-28, 2015 CL St Louis, MO SP Amer Assoc Phys Anthropologists C1 [Warner, Monica M.; Herrmann, Nicholas P.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Anthropol & Middle Eastern Cultures, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Li, Zheng-Hua] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Earth & Environm Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Trask, Willa R.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anthropol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Regan, Laura A.] US Air Force, Off Armed Forces Med Examiner, Washington, DC USA. [Jantz, Richard L.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Anthropol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0002-9483 EI 1096-8644 J9 AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL JI Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 156 SU 60 SI SI BP 319 EP 320 PG 2 WC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology SC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology GA CC8CE UT WOS:000350594902194 ER PT J AU Loukitcheva, M Solanki, SK Carlsson, M White, SM AF Loukitcheva, M. Solanki, S. K. Carlsson, M. White, S. M. TI Millimeter radiation from a 3D model of the solar atmosphere SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Sun: chromosphere; Sun: radio radiation; Sun: magnetic fields; Sun: atmosphere ID HYDROGEN IONIZATION; K LINES; MG II; CHROMOSPHERE; DYNAMICS; IRIS; SIMULATIONS; EMISSION; REGION AB Aims. We use advanced 3D non-local thermodynamic equilibrium radiative magnetohydrodynamic simulations of the solar atmosphere to carry out detailed tests of chromospheric diagnostics at millimeter and submillimeter wavelengths. Methods. We focused on the diagnostics of the thermal structure of the chromosphere in the wavelength bands from 0.4 mm up to 9.6 mm that can be accessed with the Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array (ALMA) and investigated how these diagnostics are affected by the instrumental resolution. Results. We find that the formation height range of the millimeter radiation depends on the location in the simulation domain and is related to the underlying magnetic structure. Nonetheless, the brightness temperature is a reasonable measure of the gas temperature at the effective formation height at a given location on the solar surface. There is considerable scatter in this relationship, but this is significantly reduced when very weak magnetic fields are avoided. Our results indicate that although instrumental smearing reduces the correlation between brightness and temperature, millimeter brightness can still be used to reliably diagnose electron temperature up to a resolution of 1". If the resolution is more degraded, then the value of the diagnostic diminishes rapidly. Conclusions. We conclude that millimeter brightness can image the chromospheric thermal structure at the height at which the radiation is formed. Thus multiwavelength observations with ALMA with a narrow step in wavelength should provide sufficient information for a tomographic imaging of the chromosphere. C1 [Loukitcheva, M.; Solanki, S. K.] Max Planck Inst Sonnensyst Forsch, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [Loukitcheva, M.] St Petersburg Univ, Astron Inst, St Petersburg 198504, Russia. [Solanki, S. K.] Kyung Hee Univ, Sch Space Res, Yongin 446701, Gyeonggi, South Korea. [Carlsson, M.] Univ Oslo, Inst Theoret Astrophys, N-0315 Oslo, Norway. [White, S. M.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Loukitcheva, M (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Sonnensyst Forsch, Justus von Liebig Weg 3, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. EM marija@peterlink.ru RI Loukitcheva, Maria/I-6110-2013 OI Loukitcheva, Maria/0000-0001-5246-9044 FU BK21 plus program through the National Research Foundation (NRF) - Ministry of Education of Korea; European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7)/ ERC grant [291058]; Research Council of Norway; Saint-Petersburg State University [6.0.26.2010] FX We thank Andreas Lagg for computational support. This work was partly supported by the BK21 plus program through the National Research Foundation (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education of Korea. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013)/ERC grant agreement No. 291058 and from the Research Council of Norway through the project "Solar Atmospheric Modelling" and a grant of computing time from the Program for Supercomputing. M. Loukitcheva acknowledges Saint-Petersburg State University for a research grant 6.0.26.2010. NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 EI 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 575 AR A15 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201425238 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CC3LA UT WOS:000350249100015 ER PT J AU Wang, JL Fu, ZP Peng, RR Liu, M Sun, SJ Huang, HL Li, L Knize, RJ Lu, YL AF Wang, Jianlin Fu, Zhengping Peng, Ranran Liu, Min Sun, Shujie Huang, Haoliang Li, Lin Knize, Randy J. Lu, Yalin TI Low magnetic field response single-phase multiferroics under high temperature SO MATERIALS HORIZONS LA English DT Article ID BIFEO3; CRYSTALS AB A single-phase material where ferroelectricity and ferromagnetism coexist at roomtemperature (RT) is hardly available at present, and it is even more rare for such a material to further have an intrinsic and low magnetic field response magnetoelectric (ME) coupling at temperatures higher than RT. In this communication, a new single-phase Aurivillius compound, SrBi5Fe0.5Co0.5Ti4O18 has been discovered that exhibits a plausible intrinsic ME coupling. Remarkably, this property appears at a high temperature of 100 degrees C, surpassing all single-phase multiferroic materials currently under investigation. With a magneto-capacitance effect detectable at 100 degrees C and under a low response magnetic field, a RT functioning device was demonstrated to convert an external magnetic field variation directly into an electric voltage output. The availability of such a single-phase material with an intrinsic and low magnetic field response that is multiferroic at high temperature is important to the fundamental understanding of physics and to potential applications in sensing, memory devices, quantum control, etc. C1 [Wang, Jianlin; Fu, Zhengping; Peng, Ranran; Liu, Min; Sun, Shujie; Huang, Haoliang; Li, Lin; Lu, Yalin] Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, CAS Key Lab Mat Energy Convers, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Fu, Zhengping; Lu, Yalin] Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei Natl Lab Phys Sci Microscale, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Fu, Zhengping; Peng, Ranran; Liu, Min; Lu, Yalin] Univ Sci & Technol China, Synerget Innovat Ctr Quantum Informat & Quantum P, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Knize, Randy J.; Lu, Yalin] US Air Force Acad, Dept Phys, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Lu, YL (reprint author), Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, CAS Key Lab Mat Energy Convers, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. EM yllu@ustc.edu.cn RI Peng, Ranran/F-5934-2010; Sun, Shujie/N-1421-2016 OI Sun, Shujie/0000-0001-7079-8378 FU National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) [2012CB922000] FX This work was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, 2012CB922000). Dr Lu appreciates support for the device design and testing from Quantum Design in China. NR 34 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 52 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2051-6347 EI 2051-6355 J9 MATER HORIZ JI Mater. Horizons PD MAR 1 PY 2015 VL 2 IS 2 BP 232 EP 236 DI 10.1039/c4mh00202d PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA CC9CF UT WOS:000350664500009 ER PT J AU Regester, LE Chmiel, JD Holler, JM Vorce, SP Levine, B Bosy, TZ AF Regester, Laura E. Chmiel, Jeffrey D. Holler, Justin M. Vorce, Shawn P. Levine, Barry Bosy, Thomas Z. TI Determination of Designer Drug Cross-Reactivity on Five Commercial Immunoassay Screening Kits SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AMPHETAMINE-TYPE STIMULANTS; BATH SALTS; META-CHLOROPHENYLPIPERAZINE; PSYCHEDELIC PHENETHYLAMINES; TRAZODONE METABOLITE; FATAL INTOXICATIONS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; DEATHS; URINE; MEPHEDRONE AB The detection of new designer drugs is often a difficult issue in forensic urine drug testing as immunoassays are the primary screening methodology for drugs of abuse in many of these laboratories. Cross-reactivity of compounds with immunoassay kits can either aid or complicate the detection of a variety of drug and drug metabolites. For instance, emerging designer drugs that share structural similarities to amphetamines and phencyclidine (PCP) have the potential to cross-react with assays designed to detect these compounds. This study evaluates the cross-reactivity of five commercially available immunoassay reagent kits for 94 designer drugs on a Roche/Hitachi Modular P automated screening instrument. The compounds used in this study are grouped by structural class as follows: 2,5-dimethoxyamphetamines, 2C (2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamines), 13-keto amphetamines, substituted amphetamines, piperazines, apyrrolidinopropiophenones, tryptamines and PCP analogs. A drug concentration of 100 pig/mL was used to determine cross-reactivity for each assay and resulted in the following positive rates: Microgenics DRI (R) Ecstasy enzyme assay (19%), Microgenics DRI Phencyclidine enzyme assay (20%), Lin-Zhi Methamphetamine enzyme immunoassay (39%), Siemens/Syva (R) EMIT (R) II Plus Amphetamines assay (43%) and CEDIA (R) DAU Amphetamine/ Ecstasy assay (57%). Of the 94 designer drugs tested, 14% produced a negative response for all five kits. No designer drug used in this study generated a positive result for all five immunoassay kits. C1 [Regester, Laura E.; Chmiel, Jeffrey D.; Holler, Justin M.; Vorce, Shawn P.; Levine, Barry; Bosy, Thomas Z.] Armed Forces Med Examiner Syst, Div Forens Toxicol, Dover AFB, DE 19902 USA. RP Regester, LE (reprint author), Armed Forces Med Examiner Syst, Div Forens Toxicol, Dover AFB, DE 19902 USA. EM laura.e.regester.ctr@mail.mil FU American Registry of Pathology FX This work was funded in part by the American Registry of Pathology. NR 35 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 11 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0146-4760 EI 1945-2403 J9 J ANAL TOXICOL JI J. Anal. Toxicol. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 39 IS 2 BP 144 EP 151 DI 10.1093/jat/bku133 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Toxicology GA CC3BL UT WOS:000350219100012 PM 25492523 ER PT J AU Biko, DM McQuillan, BF Jesinger, RA Sherman, PM Borg, BD Lichtenberger, JP AF Biko, David M. McQuillan, Brian F. Jesinger, Robert A. Sherman, Paul M. Borg, Bryson D. Lichtenberger, John P., III TI Imaging of pediatric pathology during the Iraq and Afghanistan conflicts SO PEDIATRIC RADIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Pediatric imaging; Humanitarian; Trauma; Infection; Neoplasm ID EWING SARCOMA FAMILY; ENDEMIC INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; MACRODYSTROPHIA-LIPOMATOSA; HIRSCHSPRUNGS-DISEASE; TUBERCULOSIS; CHILDREN; TUMORS; ARCHIVES; TRAUMA; RETINOBLASTOMA AB United States Armed Forces radiologists deployed to Afghanistan and Iraq in modern military conflicts may encounter pediatric patients as a casualty of war or when providing humanitarian assistance to the indigenous population. Pediatric patients account for 4-7% of admissions at U.S. military hospitals during the Iraq and Afghanistan conflicts. It is pertinent for radiologists in the humanitarian care team to be familiar with imaging pediatric trauma patients, the pathology endemic to the local population, and delayed presentations of congenital and developmental disorders to adequately care for these patients. The radiological manifestations of various pediatric disorders seen in the setting of the Iraq and Afghanistan conflicts will be explored. C1 [Biko, David M.; McQuillan, Brian F.; Jesinger, Robert A.; Borg, Bryson D.; Lichtenberger, John P., III] David Grant USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. [Biko, David M.; Jesinger, Robert A.; Sherman, Paul M.; Lichtenberger, John P., III] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Radiol & Radiol Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Sherman, Paul M.] Wilford Hall Ambulatory Surg Ctr, San Antonio Mil Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Biko, DM (reprint author), David Grant USAF Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, 101 Bodin Circle, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. EM dmbiko@yahoo.com NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0301-0449 EI 1432-1998 J9 PEDIATR RADIOL JI Pediatr. Radiol. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 45 IS 3 BP 439 EP 448 DI 10.1007/s00247-014-3025-x PG 10 WC Pediatrics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Pediatrics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA CC7NQ UT WOS:000350555300016 PM 24898394 ER PT J AU Michael, C Jeffery, C David, C AF Michael, Chiaramonte Jeffery, Cochran David, Caswell TI Nurse preference rostering using agents and iterated local search SO ANNALS OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Nurse scheduling; Nurse rostering; Staff scheduling; Agent scheduling; Agent programming; Iterated local search ID SCHEDULING PROBLEM; PROGRAMMING-MODEL; PERSONNEL; ALGORITHM; SHORTAGE; SYSTEM AB This study presents an iterative local search (ILS) framework used within an agent-based nurse rostering system. This agent based system with the ILS (CNR-ILS) is used to improve nurse rosters with respect to nurse preferences. The system is a heuristic that considers a variety of nurse considerations including informal requested days off, preferences for days-of-the-week off, and preferences for specific numbers of consecutive days off. Since our implementation is not subject to the complexity of mathematical programs, it includes more preference considerations. The system is extensively tested in a federal hospital and is compared to both an integer programming solution from the literature and the scheduling methodology currently used at the test facility. When nurses are surveyed, the solutions found by this system are consistently favored over the solutions from the integer program and hospital's current scheduling practice. Furthermore the variation of those ratings is significantly less. C1 [Michael, Chiaramonte; David, Caswell] US Air Force Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Jeffery, Cochran] US Air Force, Dept Operat Sci, WPAFB, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Michael, C (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Dept Comp Sci, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM michael.chiaramonte@gmail.com FU Mike O'Callaghan Federal Hospital's Air Force Medical Surgical Unit FX We would like to acknowledge the support of the Mike O'Callaghan Federal Hospital's Air Force Medical Surgical Unit. Without their input and participation in the case study this research would not have been successful. We specifically would also like to acknowledge the support of the unit scheduler Captain Laurel Chiaramonte for her support and expert input, and the unit Officer In Charge Major Kathy Savell for allowing our research to proceed with the help of her personnel. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0254-5330 EI 1572-9338 J9 ANN OPER RES JI Ann. Oper. Res. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 226 IS 1 BP 443 EP 461 DI 10.1007/s10479-014-1701-8 PG 19 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA CB8BE UT WOS:000349852400020 ER PT J AU Hashemi, A Cao, YC Casbeer, DW Yin, G AF Hashemi, Araz Cao, Yongcan Casbeer, David W. Yin, George TI Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Circumnavigation Using Noisy Range-Based Measurements Without Global Positioning System Information SO JOURNAL OF DYNAMIC SYSTEMS MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID UNKNOWN TARGET AB This work develops and analyzes a control algorithm for an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to circumnavigate an unknown target at a fixed radius when the UAV is unable to determine its location and heading. Using a relationship between range-rate and bearing angle (from the target), we formulate a control algorithm that uses the range-rate as a proxy for the bearing angle and adjusts the heading of the UAV accordingly. We consider the addition of measurement errors and model the system with a stochastic differential equation to carry out the analysis. A recurrence result is proven, establishing that the UAV will reach a neighborhood of the desired orbit in finite time, and a mollified control is presented to eliminate a portion of the recurrent set about the origin. Simulation studies are presented to support the analysis and compare the performance against other algorithms for the circumnavigation task. C1 [Hashemi, Araz; Yin, George] Wayne State Univ, Dept Math, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. [Cao, Yongcan; Casbeer, David W.] Air Force Res Lab, Control Sci Ctr Excellence, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hashemi, A (reprint author), Wayne State Univ, Dept Math, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. EM araz.hashemi@gmail.com OI Cao, Yongcan/0000-0003-3383-0185 FU AFOSR [LRIR: 12RB07COR]; National Research Council Research Associateship Award at AFRL FX This work has been supported in part by AFOSR LRIR: 12RB07COR. The work of Yongcan Cao was supported by a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at AFRL. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 8 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0022-0434 EI 1528-9028 J9 J DYN SYST-T ASME JI J. Dyn. Syst. Meas. Control-Trans. ASME PD MAR PY 2015 VL 137 IS 3 SI SI AR 031003 DI 10.1115/1.4027979 PG 10 WC Automation & Control Systems; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Automation & Control Systems; Instruments & Instrumentation GA CB6RO UT WOS:000349754500005 ER PT J AU Iagnemma, K Overholt, J AF Iagnemma, Karl Overholt, Jim TI Special Issue: Special issue on DARPA Grand Challenge (DRC) Introduction SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ROBOTICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Iagnemma, Karl] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Overholt, Jim] US Air Force, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Iagnemma, K (reprint author), MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1556-4959 EI 1556-4967 J9 J FIELD ROBOT JI J. Field Robot. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 32 IS 2 SI SI BP 187 EP 188 DI 10.1002/rob.21579 PG 2 WC Robotics SC Robotics GA CC0BI UT WOS:000349999600001 ER PT J AU Senkov, ON Mahaffey, DW Semiatin, SL Woodward, C AF Senkov, O. N. Mahaffey, D. W. Semiatin, S. L. Woodward, C. TI Site-Dependent Tension Properties of Inertia Friction-Welded Joints Made From Dissimilar Ni-based Superalloys SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE LA English DT Article DE inertia friction welding; LSHR; Mar-M247; microstructure; Ni superalloy; tension properties; welding defects ID MAR-M247; ALLOYS; ENGINE; IN718 AB Microstructure, tensile properties, and fracture behavior of the inertia friction weld joints of dissimilar superalloys, cast Mar-M247 and wrought LSHR, were studied to assess the weld quality. Tensile tests were conducted at 23 and 704 degrees C on the samples containing different areas of the weld interface of the same welded material. The stress-strain curves were registered at different axial distances from the weld interface. In all tested samples, plastic deformation was localized on Mar-M247 side, outside the heat-affected zone (HAZ), and the resistance to plastic deformation of Mar-M247 increased with a decrease in the distance from the weld interface inside HAZ. Only elastic deformation occurred on the LSHR side. Fracture occurred on the Mar-M247 side, outside HAZ, or at the weld interface. In the latter case, welding defects in the form of clusters of nanometer-sized oxide and carbide particles were observed at the fracture surfaces. These results revealed that the IFW process is capable of producing the weld joints between Mar-M247 and LSHR with the fracture strength higher than that of Mar-M247. However, optimization of the IFW processing parameters is required to minimize clustering of oxide/carbide particles at the weld interface in this alloy pair. C1 [Senkov, O. N.; Mahaffey, D. W.; Semiatin, S. L.; Woodward, C.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Senkov, ON (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM oleg.senkov.ctr@us.af.mil RI SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017; OI Senkov, Oleg/0000-0001-5587-415X FU Air Force [FA8650-10-D-5226] FX Numerous discussions with Suresh Babu, Shesh Srivatsa, Jaimie Tiley, Gopal Viswanathan, and William Musinski are appreciated. The inertia friction welding was conducted at the Edison Welding Institute, Columbus, Ohio. Technical support from Jerry Gould and David Workman, EWI, is recognized. Work of ONS was financially supported through the Air Force on-site contract FA8650-10-D-5226 managed by UES, Inc., Dayton, Ohio. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1059-9495 EI 1544-1024 J9 J MATER ENG PERFORM JI J. Mater. Eng. Perform. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 24 IS 3 BP 1173 EP 1184 DI 10.1007/s11665-014-1379-8 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA CC0WE UT WOS:000350058600010 ER PT J AU Bianchini, A Gonzalez, CR AF Bianchini, Alessandra Gonzalez, Carlos R. TI Reformulation of the Design Procedure for Aggregate-Surfaced Airfield Pavements SO JOURNAL OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Unsurfaced pavement; Design procedure; Airfield pavement; Frohlich stress distribution AB During military contingency operations, aircraft are required to land, taxi, and takeoff on unpaved surfaces. In some cases, operational time limitations do not allow for the construction of paved surfaces to establish airfield operations. The original flexible pavement design procedure for paved surfaces, which is based on the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) and the -factor (Alpha-factor), was extended and applied to the design and evaluation of aggregate-surfaced pavements. With the reformulation of the CBR-Alpha for the design of flexible pavements, efforts were also directed at defining a new equation for the design of aggregate-surfaced airfields. This paper focuses on the development of a new CBR-Beta procedure for the design and evaluation of aggregate-surfaced airfields. Data from previous studies conducted on aggregate-surfaced full-scale test sections were used for this purpose. The new performance curve proposed in this paper for aggregate-surfaced airfields has the same format as the equation that was proposed and accepted for flexible pavements. C1 [Bianchini, Alessandra] Air Force Civil Engn Ctr AFCEC CXAE, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. [Bianchini, Alessandra; Gonzalez, Carlos R.] US Army, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Bianchini, A (reprint author), Air Force Civil Engn Ctr AFCEC CXAE, 139 Barnes Dr,Suite 2, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. EM Alessandra.Bianchini@us.af.mil; carlos.r.gonzalez@usace.army.mil NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 9 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-947X EI 1943-5436 J9 J TRANSP ENG JI J. Transp. Eng. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 141 IS 3 AR 04014086 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)TE.1943-5436.0000752 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA CB7YT UT WOS:000349845500005 ER PT J AU Rajendran, J Karri, R Rose, GS AF Rajendran, Jeyavijayan Karri, Ramesh Rose, Garrett S. TI Improving Tolerance to Variations in Memristor-Based Applications Using Parallel Memristors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTERS LA English DT Article DE Emerging technologies; reliability; logic design; memory design ID DEVICES; CIRCUIT AB Memristors are being explored for a wide variety of applications such as neuromorphic computing, memory and digital logic. However, they suffer from process variations like any other nanodevice, which in turn impacts their applicability. The effect of process variations, specifically variation in thickness, is highly non-linear on memristors; the effect is greater near the lower memristance region (near M-on) than in the higher memristance region (near M-off). Due to this non-linear effect, many applications do not use the lower memristance values. Consequently, the application's functionality and performance is affected. In this work, we propose a technique called parallel memristors. In this technique, instead of using a single memristor, the application uses several memristors connected in parallel. Each memristor in this parallel structure is programmed to a higher memristance value to tolerate variations. Since many memristors are connected in parallel, the effective memristance value can be near the M-on value, thereby achieving high-speed operation. We evaluate the parallel memristor technique in two different applications-memristor-based threshold logic and memristor-based memory. We also perform various optimizations to tradeoff between variation tolerance, power, delay, and area. C1 [Rajendran, Jeyavijayan; Karri, Ramesh] Polytech Inst New York Univ, Elect & Comp Engn Dept, Brooklyn, NY 11209 USA. [Rose, Garrett S.] US Air Force, Trusted Syst Branch, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Rajendran, J (reprint author), Polytech Inst New York Univ, Elect & Comp Engn Dept, Brooklyn, NY 11209 USA. EM jv.ece@nyu.edu; rkarri@poly.edu; garrett.rose@rl.af.mil NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 23 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0018-9340 EI 1557-9956 J9 IEEE T COMPUT JI IEEE Trans. Comput. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 64 IS 3 BP 733 EP 746 DI 10.1109/TC.2014.2308189 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA CB5MQ UT WOS:000349672000011 ER PT J AU Greschik, G Mejia-Ariza, JM Murphey, TM Jeon, SK AF Greschik, Gyula Mejia-Ariza, Juan M. Murphey, Thomas M. Jeon, Sungeun K. TI Error Suppression via Tension for Flexible Square Antenna Panels and Panel Arrays SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The concept of passive surface error control via tension is explored for flexible square panels and for a rectangular array of such panels suspended with four catenaries. The panels are 1mm thick 1m square graphite-epoxy composite plates with a four-ply symmetric layup. Individual panel response to a uniform through-thickness temperature gradient field both alone and combined with in-plane tension (stretch) are examined. When integrated into a 2x5 grid (a simple phased array configuration), the effects of a transient slew are considered. Characteristic responses are identified and studied symbolically as well as numerically. The results demonstrate the feasibility of combined global and component-level error suppression for the considered structure, exercised singularly by global prestress that also maintains the integrity of the tension structure. Limited attention is paid to mission-specific issues such as stowage and deployment. Assuming an X-band radar context, surface errors are related to a 1mm limit. Out-of-flatness is evaluated with three metrics relevant to different aspects of signal processing: the maximum depth of the deformed surface, its maximum lateral deviation from the best-fit plane, and the phased-array radiometric rms surface error. C1 [Greschik, Gyula] TentGuild Engn Co Inc, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Mejia-Ariza, Juan M.] LGarde Inc, Tustin, CA 92780 USA. [Murphey, Thomas M.] US Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland Air Force Base, Albuquerque, NM 87116 USA. [Jeon, Sungeun K.] Moog CSA Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Greschik, G (reprint author), TentGuild Engn Co Inc, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM greschik@teguec.com FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory, Albuquerque, New Mexico, via L'Garde, Inc., Tustin, California [FA9453-10-C-0046] FX The present work has been supported by the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory, Albuquerque, New Mexico, via L'Garde, Inc., Tustin, California, under contract FA9453-10-C-0046. The technical effort summarized (modeling, derivations, symbolic and numerical analyses, and the evaluation of results) and its presentation (the definition of scope and structure, composition and writing, and figures) are the work of the first author, except the color insets in the figure of the link attachment geometry, which have been taken from an interim project report on hardware design, by L'Garde. The second author managed the development effort at L'Garde, which (in addition to the present paper) also included the design and construction of demonstration hardware and associated testing. The third author conceived the idea of combined local-global error control with a single suspension system; he managed the project on the client's end and provided critical comments during the shaping of this paper. The work of the fourth author was instrumental in the mechanical detailing cited in the context of the inter-panel link design, and his valuable comments in the early phase of the work also contributed to decisions that shaped this paper. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 EI 1533-385X J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 53 IS 3 BP 513 EP 531 DI 10.2514/1.J052691 PG 19 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA CB1PI UT WOS:000349399700001 ER PT J AU Bhatia, M Beran, P AF Bhatia, Manav Beran, Philip TI h-Adaptive Stabilized Finite-Element Solver for Calculation of Generalized Aerodynamic Forces SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID COMPUTATIONAL-FLUID-DYNAMICS; ORIENTED THERMOSTRUCTURAL ANALYSIS; NONREFLECTING BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; LAGRANGIAN SHOCK HYDRODYNAMICS; VARIATIONAL MULTISCALE METHOD; REDUCED-ORDER MODELS; COMPRESSIBLE FLOWS; EULER EQUATIONS; INTERNAL RADIATION; AIRFOIL FLUTTER AB A finite-element method based on the streamline-upwind/Petrov-Galerkin stabilization technique is developed to solve the compressible Euler equations. The method is extended for computing unsteady small disturbances in the flow domain as a result of boundary motion, which is applied through the linearized solid-wall boundary condition. The method is able to calculate the frequency-dependent generalized aerodynamic forces without any need for deformation of mesh inside the flow domain. Error estimates are used to drive automated h-refinement of mesh for steady-state and frequency-domain calculations. Steady-state solutions and generalized aerodynamic forces are compared to benchmark data for transonic and supersonic Mach numbers. The results show that the presence of shocks in the flow makes it difficult to use a single mesh for all computations, including the linearized flow. The h-refinement procedure is shown to be an effective way of ensuring reliable computations for the nonlinear and linearized solvers. Some associated challenges with the refinement procedure are also highlighted. C1 [Bhatia, Manav; Beran, Philip] US Air Force, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Bhatia, M (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, 501 Hardy Rd,PO Drawer A, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM manav.bhatia.ctr@wpafb.af.mil; philip.beran@wpafb.af.mil FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research [12RB06COR] FX This work is sponsored by the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Laboratory Task 12RB06COR (monitored by Fariba Fahroo). The material was assigned a clearance on 20 March 2013 under the case number 88ABW-2013-1338. NR 58 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 EI 1533-385X J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 53 IS 3 BP 554 EP 572 DI 10.2514/1.J053128 PG 19 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA CB1PI UT WOS:000349399700004 ER PT J AU Bergman, MS He, XJ Joseph, ME Zhuang, ZQ Heimbuch, BK Shaffer, RE Choe, M Wander, JD AF Bergman, Michael S. He, Xinjian Joseph, Michael E. Zhuang, Ziqing Heimbuch, Brian K. Shaffer, Ronald E. Choe, Melanie Wander, Joseph D. TI Correlation of Respirator Fit Measured on Human Subjects and a Static Advanced Headform SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE advanced headform; filtering facepiece respirator; fit test; N95 ID PROTECTION AB This study assessed the correlation of N95 filtering face-piece respirator (FFR) fit between a Static Advanced Headform (StAH) and 10 human test subjects. Quantitative fit evaluations were performed on test subjects who made three visits to the laboratory. On each visit, one fit evaluation was performed on eight different FFRs of various model/size variations. Additionally, subject breathing patterns were recorded. Each fit evaluation comprised three two-minute exercises: "Normal Breathing," "Deep Breathing," and again "Normal Breathing." The overall test fit factors (FF) for human tests were recorded. The same respirator samples were later mounted on the StAH and the overall test manikin fit factors (MFF) were assessed utilizing the recorded human breathing patterns. Linear regression was performed on the mean log(10)-transformed FF and MFF values to assess the relationship between the values obtained from humans and the StAH. This is the first study to report a positive correlation of respirator fit between a headform and test subjects. The linear regression by respirator resulted in R-2 = 0.95, indicating a strong linear correlation between FF and MFF. For all respirators the geometric mean (GM) FF values were consistently higher than those of the GM MFF. For 50% of respirators, GM FF and GM MFF values were significantly different between humans and the StAH. For data grouped by subject/respirator combinations, the linear regression resulted in R-2 = 0.49. A weaker correlation (R-2 = 0.11) was found using only data paired by subject/respirator combination where both the test subject and StAH had passed a real-time leak check before performing the fit evaluation. For six respirators, the difference in passing rates between the StAH and humans was < 20%, while two respirators showed a difference of 29% and 43%. For data by test subject, GM FF and GM MFF values were significantly different for 40% of the subjects. Overall, the advanced headform system has potential for assessing fit for some N95 FFR model/sizes. C1 [Bergman, Michael S.; He, Xinjian; Joseph, Michael E.; Zhuang, Ziqing; Shaffer, Ronald E.] NIOSH, Natl Personal Protect Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. [Heimbuch, Brian K.] Appl Res Associates Inc, Panama City, FL USA. [Choe, Melanie] US Dept HHS, Off Assistant Secretary Preparedness & Response, Biomed Adv Res & Dev Author, Washington, DC 20201 USA. [Wander, Joseph D.] Air Force Civil Engineer Ctr, Tyndall AFB, FL USA. [He, Xinjian] W Virginia Univ, Dept Ind & Management Syst Engn, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Zhuang, ZQ (reprint author), NIOSH, Technol Res Branch, Natl Personal Protect Technol Lab, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 626 Cochrans Mill Rd,Bldg 29,POB 18070, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. EM zaz3@cdc.gov FU U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS); Office of Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response, Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA); Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) FX This research was funded by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), the Office of Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response, Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA) through an interagency agreement with the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL). NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 EI 1545-9632 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 12 IS 3 BP 163 EP 171 DI 10.1080/15459624.2014.957832 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA CA7NT UT WOS:000349104900005 PM 25265037 ER PT J AU Hammond, GD Bier, VM AF Hammond, Gregory D. Bier, Vicki M. TI Alternative evacuation strategies for nuclear power accidents SO RELIABILITY ENGINEERING & SYSTEM SAFETY LA English DT Article DE Nuclear incidents; Evacuation; Nuclear power plants; Emergency preparedness; Protective action recommendations ID EMERGENCY; PLANTS AB In the U.S., current protective-action strategies to safeguard the public following a nuclear power accident have remained largely unchanged since their implementation in the early 1980s. In the past thirty years, new technologies have been introduced, allowing faster computations, better modeling of predicted radiological consequences, and improved accident mapping using geographic information systems (GIS). Utilizing these new technologies, we evaluate the efficacy of alternative strategies, called adaptive protective action zones (APAZs), that use site-specific and event-specific data to dynamically determine evacuation boundaries with simple heuristics in order to better inform protective action decisions (rather than relying on pre-event regulatory bright lines). Several candidate APAZs were developed and then compared to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission's keyhole evacuation strategy (and full evacuation of the emergency planning zone). Two of the APAZs were better on average than existing NRC strategies at reducing either the radiological exposure, the population evacuated, or both. These APAZs are especially effective for larger radioactive plumes and at high population sites; one of them is better at reducing radiation exposure, while the other is better at reducing the size of the population evacuated. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Hammond, Gregory D.; Bier, Vicki M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Ind & Syst Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Hammond, GD (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Syst Engn & Management, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM gregory.hammond@afit.edu; bier@engr.wisc.edu OI Hammond, Gregory D./0000-0002-8433-5152 NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0951-8320 EI 1879-0836 J9 RELIAB ENG SYST SAFE JI Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 135 BP 9 EP 14 DI 10.1016/j.ress.2014.10.016 PG 6 WC Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA AZ9SN UT WOS:000348555600002 ER PT J AU Lim, HJ Sohn, H De Simio, MP Brown, K AF Lim, Hyung Jin Sohn, Hoon De Simio, Martin P. Brown, Kevin TI Reference-free fatigue crack detection using nonlinear ultrasonic modulation under various temperature and loading conditions (vol 45, pg 468, 2014) SO MECHANICAL SYSTEMS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Correction C1 [Lim, Hyung Jin; Sohn, Hoon] Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Taejon 305701, South Korea. [De Simio, Martin P.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Brown, Kevin] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45430 USA. RP Sohn, H (reprint author), Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Taejon 305701, South Korea. EM hoonsohn@kaist.ac.kr NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0888-3270 J9 MECH SYST SIGNAL PR JI Mech. Syst. Signal Proc. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 54-55 BP 506 EP 506 DI 10.1016/j.ymssp.2014.08.021 PG 1 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA AY9FZ UT WOS:000347856300035 ER PT J AU Misak, H Asmatulu, R Whitman, J Mall, S AF Misak, H. Asmatulu, R. Whitman, J. Mall, S. TI High-Temperature Cross-Linking of Carbon Nanotube Multi-Yarn Using Polyvinylpyrrolidone as a Binding Agent SO JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Carbon Nanotube Yarns; Cross-Linking; Polyvinylpyrrolidone; Strength; Conductivity ID BEHAVIOR; FATIGUE; WIRES AB Carbon nanotube (CNT) multi-yarn was cross-linked together at elevated temperatures using a polymer, with the intent of improving their strength and electrical conductivity. They were functionalized using an acid treatment and immersed in a bath of different concentrations (0.5%, 0.1%, and 0.2%) of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). Then they were placed in an oven at various temperatures (180 degrees C, 200 degrees C, and 220 degrees C) in order to cause cross-linking among the carbon nanotube yarns. The physical, chemical, electrical, and mechanical properties of the cross-linked yarns were investigated. The yarns cross-linked at higher temperatures and greater concentrations of PVP had a greater increase in linear mass density, indicating that the cross-linking process had worked as expected. Yarns that were cross-linked at lower temperatures had greater tensile strength and better specific electrical conductivity. Those that were treated with a greater concentration of polymer had a greater ultimate tensile strength. All these results are encouraging first step, but still need further development if CNT yarn is to replace copper wire. C1 [Misak, H.; Mall, S.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Aerosp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Asmatulu, R.; Whitman, J.] Wichita State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Wichita, KS 67260 USA. RP Mall, S (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Aerosp Engn, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 60 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI VALENCIA PA 26650 THE OLD RD, STE 208, VALENCIA, CA 91381-0751 USA SN 1533-4880 EI 1533-4899 J9 J NANOSCI NANOTECHNO JI J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. PD MAR PY 2015 VL 15 IS 3 BP 2283 EP 2288 DI 10.1166/jnn.2015.9592 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA AT6NC UT WOS:000345054200050 PM 26413653 ER PT J AU Uskov, DB Alsing, PM Fanto, ML Kaplan, L Kim, R Szep, A Smith, AM AF Uskov, D. B. Alsing, P. M. Fanto, M. L. Kaplan, L. Kim, R. Szep, A. Smith, A. M. TI Resource-efficient generation of linear cluster states by linear optics with postselection SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE quantum computer; cluster states; photonic Bell states ID QUANTUM COMPUTATION; ENTANGLEMENT AB We report on theoretical research in photonic cluster-state computing. Finding optimal schemes of generating non-classical photonic states is of critical importance for this field as physically implementable photon-photon entangling operations are currently limited to measurement-assisted stochastic transformations. A critical parameter for assessing the efficiency of such transformations is the success probability of a desired measurement outcome. At present there are several experimental groups that are capable of generating multi-photon cluster states carrying more than eight qubits. Separate photonic qubits or small clusters can be fused into a single cluster state by a probabilistic optical CZ gate conditioned on simultaneous detection of all photons with 1/9 success probability for each gate. This design mechanically follows the original theoretical scheme of cluster state generation proposed more than a decade ago by Raussendorf, Browne and Briegel. The optimality of the destructive CZ gate in application to linear optical cluster state generation has not been analyzed previously. Our results reveal that this method is far from the optimal one. Employing numerical optimization we have identified that the maximal success probability of fusing n unentangled dual-rail optical qubits into a linear cluster state is equal to (1/2)(n-1); an m-tuple of photonic Bell pair states, commonly generated via spontaneous parametric down-conversion, can be fused into a single cluster with the maximal success probability of (1/4)(m-1). C1 [Uskov, D. B.] Univ Brescia, Owensboro, KY 42301 USA. [Uskov, D. B.; Kaplan, L.] Tulane Univ, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. [Alsing, P. M.; Fanto, M. L.; Szep, A.; Smith, A. M.] Air Force Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Rome, NY 13440 USA. [Kim, R.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Smith, A. M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, QIS Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Uskov, DB (reprint author), Univ Brescia, Owensboro, KY 42301 USA. EM dmitry.uskov@brescia.edu FU AFRL Information Directorate [FA 8750-11-2-0218]; US NSF [PHY-1005709]; AFOSR; US Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX DBU acknowledges support from AFRL Information Directorate under grant FA 8750-11-2-0218 and DBU and LK acknowledge support from the US NSF under grant PHY-1005709. PMA, MLF, and AMS would like to thank AFOSR for support of this work. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of AFRL. This manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC, under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the US Department of Energy. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 EI 1361-6455 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD FEB 28 PY 2015 VL 48 IS 4 AR 045502 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/48/4/045502 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA CA7SG UT WOS:000349116800012 ER PT J AU Ware, TH McConney, ME Wie, JJ Tondiglia, VP White, TJ AF Ware, Taylor H. McConney, Michael E. Wie, Jeong Jae Tondiglia, Vincent P. White, Timothy J. TI Voxelated liquid crystal elastomers SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID POLYMER NETWORKS; ARTIFICIAL MUSCLES; ACTUATORS; LITHOGRAPHY AB Dynamic control of shape can bring multifunctionality to devices. Soft materials capable of programmable shape change require localized control of the magnitude and directionality of a mechanical response. We report the preparation of soft, ordered materials referred to as liquid crystal elastomers. The direction of molecular order, known as the director, is written within local volume elements (voxels) as small as 0.0005 cubic millimeters. Locally, the director controls the inherent mechanical response (55% strain) within the material. In monoliths with spatially patterned director, thermal or chemical stimuli transform flat sheets into three-dimensional objects through controlled bending and stretching. The programmable mechanical response of these materials could yield monolithic multifunctional devices or serve as reconfigurable substrates for flexible devices in aerospace, medicine, or consumer goods. C1 [Ware, Taylor H.; McConney, Michael E.; Wie, Jeong Jae; Tondiglia, Vincent P.; White, Timothy J.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Ware, Taylor H.; Wie, Jeong Jae] Azimuth Corp, Dayton, OH USA. [Tondiglia, Vincent P.] Leidos, Dayton, OH USA. RP White, TJ (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM timothy.white.24@us.af.mil RI McConney, Michael/A-1680-2011; Ware, Taylor/A-7130-2017 OI Ware, Taylor/0000-0001-7996-7393 FU Air Force Research Laboratory; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX This research was completed at Wright-Patterson Air Force base with the support of the Air Force Research Laboratory and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. The authors thank A. Harbach for experimental assistance and K. M. Lee for helpful discussions. Additional information is available in the supplementary materials and from the authors. NR 27 TC 82 Z9 82 U1 41 U2 201 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD FEB 27 PY 2015 VL 347 IS 6225 BP 982 EP 984 DI 10.1126/science.1261019 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CB9NQ UT WOS:000349958900035 PM 25722408 ER PT J AU Buskohl, PR Kramb, RC Vaia, RA AF Buskohl, Philip R. Kramb, Ryan C. Vaia, Richard A. TI Synchronicity in Composite Hydrogels: Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) Active Nodes in Gelatin SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID SELF-OSCILLATING GELS; CHEMICAL OSCILLATORS; SYNCHRONIZATION; BEHAVIOR; POLYMER; CHEMISTRY; MOTION AB Synchronization of motion, task, or communication is responsible for the successful function of many living systems. Composite Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) self-oscillating hydrogels exhibit a sufficiently complex chemical-mechanical feedback to develop synchrony and other dynamical behaviors. In the context of BZ gels, synchrony is the sustained, oscillating oxidation with constant phase of two or more catalyst-immobilized gel segments. However, design criteria to control chemical-mechanical synchronization through patterning of the reaction catalyst are lacking. To characterize the fundamental units of composite device design, the periodic oxidation behavior of isolated nodes, node pairs, and multinode systems were investigated. Isolated nodes of Ru-immobilized gelatin exhibited three distinct, volume-dependent, regimes of oscillation: (i) long period (10-40 min), (ii) biperiod (mix of long and short), and (iii) short period (2.5 min). Node pairs and multinode grids of Ru gelatin were embedded in plain gelatin through a film stacking or 3D printing technique. The fraction of synchronized node pairs decreased with increasing interspace distance. Embedment increased the probability of synchronization, with 100% synchronization for interspace distances of less than 10 times the characteristic length of the reaction-diffusion process. The phase difference between synchronized node pairs transitioned from in-phase at small interspace distances to antiphase at large distances, providing the first experimental verification of antiphase synchrony in composite BZ gels. From these design criteria and fabrication techniques, the chemical-mechanical feedback of BZ composites can be programmed through strategic patterning of the catalyst to build BZ devices for sensor, trigger, or chemical computing applications. C1 [Buskohl, Philip R.; Kramb, Ryan C.; Vaia, Richard A.] Air Force Res Lab, AFRL RX Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Buskohl, Philip R.; Kramb, Ryan C.] Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Vaia, RA (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, AFRL RX Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM richard.vaia@us.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Air Force Research Laboratory's Materials and Manufacturing Directorate FX The authors thank Anna Balazs, Victor Yashin, and Olga Kuksenok for their helpful discussions and feedback regarding this study. The authors also thank Art Safriet for the design and fabrication of the gelatin cutting jig. Funding from Air Force Office of Scientific Research and the Air Force Research Laboratory's Materials and Manufacturing Directorate is gratefully acknowledged. NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD FEB 26 PY 2015 VL 119 IS 8 BP 3595 EP 3602 DI 10.1021/jp512829h PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA CC4NB UT WOS:000350329000027 PM 25642785 ER PT J AU Wie, JJ Lee, KM Ware, TH White, TJ AF Wie, Jeong Jae Lee, Kyung Min Ware, Taylor H. White, Timothy J. TI Twists and Turns in Glassy, Liquid Crystalline Polymer Networks SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID SHAPE-MEMORY; DEFORMATION; SELECTION; RIBBONS AB Three-dimensional shape control is an enabler of dexterous motion in nature. Herein, we report on the thermally initiated out-of-plane (torsional) responses observed in a series of glassy, liquid crystalline polymer networks prepared with a range of cross-link densities. The three-dimensional shape of these materials is strongly dictated by both cross-link density as well as the preparation conditions (polymerization temperature). All of the materials examined herein undergo torsional inversion of the handedness with increasing temperature. The temperature at which the material flattens (crossover between handedness inversion) can be positioned by the polymerization temperature. Monoliths prepared with either multimaterial composition or multidirector orientations are shown to exhibit spatial variation in shape adaptivity. C1 [Wie, Jeong Jae; Lee, Kyung Min; Ware, Taylor H.; White, Timothy J.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP White, TJ (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Timothy.White.24@us.af.mil RI Ware, Taylor/A-7130-2017 OI Ware, Taylor/0000-0001-7996-7393 FU Materials and Manufacturing Directorate; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX This work was completed at Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) at the Wright-Patterson Air Force Base with funding from Materials and Manufacturing Directorate as well as Air Force Office of Scientific Research. We are grateful for discussions with Michael McConney, M. Ravi Shankar, and Matthew L. Smith. We thank Hilmar Koerner (WAXD), Carl Liebig (DSC), Marlene Houtz (DMA), and Andrew Harbach for experimental assistance. NR 30 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 6 U2 45 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 EI 1520-5835 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD FEB 24 PY 2015 VL 48 IS 4 BP 1087 EP 1092 DI 10.1021/ma502563q PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA CC2SC UT WOS:000350193900023 ER PT J AU Kong, FT Gu, GC Hawkins, TW Parsons, J Jones, M Dunn, C Kalichevsky-Dong, MT Pulford, B Dajani, I Saitoh, K Palese, SP Cheung, E Dong, L AF Kong, Fanting Gu, Guancheng Hawkins, Thomas W. Parsons, Joshua Jones, Maxwell Dunn, Christopher Kalichevsky-Dong, Monica T. Pulford, Benjamin Dajani, Iyad Saitoh, Kunimasa Palese, Stephen P. Cheung, Eric Dong, Liang TI Polarizing ytterbium-doped all-solid photonic bandgap fiber with similar to 1150 mu m(2) effective mode area SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL FIBER; AMPLIFIERS AB We demonstrate an Yb-doped polarizing all-solid photonic bandgap fiber for single-polarization and single-mode operation with an effective mode area of similar to 1150 mu m(2), a record for all-solid photonic bandgap fibers. The differential polarization mode loss is measured to be >5dB/m over the entire transmission band with a 160nm bandwidth and >15dB/m on the short wavelength edge of the band. A 2.6m long fiber was tested in a laser configuration producing a linearly polarized laser output with a PER value of 21dB without any polarizer, the highest for any fiber lasers based on polarizing fibers. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America C1 [Kong, Fanting; Gu, Guancheng; Hawkins, Thomas W.; Parsons, Joshua; Jones, Maxwell; Dunn, Christopher; Kalichevsky-Dong, Monica T.; Dong, Liang] Clemson Univ, ECE COMSET, Anderson, SC 29625 USA. [Pulford, Benjamin; Dajani, Iyad] Air Force Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. [Saitoh, Kunimasa] Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Informat Sci & Technol, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600814, Japan. [Palese, Stephen P.; Cheung, Eric] Northrop Grumman Aerosp Syst, Redonda Beach, CA 90278 USA. RP Kong, FT (reprint author), Clemson Univ, ECE COMSET, 91 Technol Dr, Anderson, SC 29625 USA. EM fantink@clemson.edu FU U. S. Army Research Laboratory; U. S. Army Research Office [W911NF-10-1-0423] FX The authors acknowledge the U. S. Army Research Laboratory and the U. S. Army Research Office for funding support for this work under contract/grant number W911NF-10-1-0423 through a Joint Technology Office MRI program. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD FEB 23 PY 2015 VL 23 IS 4 BP 4307 EP 4312 DI 10.1364/OE.23.004307 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA CD1ZH UT WOS:000350872700045 PM 25836467 ER PT J AU Arbabi, A Kamali, SM Arbabi, E Griffin, BG Goddard, LL AF Arbabi, Amir Kamali, Seyedeh Mahsa Arbabi, Ehsan Griffin, Benjamin G. Goddard, Lynford L. TI Grating integrated single mode microring laser SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID LOW-POWER; DYNAMICS; MEMORY AB Microring and microdisk lasers are potential candidates for small footprint, low threshold in-plane integrated lasers; however, they exhibit multimode lasing spectra and bistability. Here, we theoretically propose and experimentally demonstrate a novel approach for achieving single mode lasing in microring lasers. Our approach is based on increasing the radiation loss of all but one of the resonant modes of microring resonators by integrating second order gratings on the microrings' waveguide. We present single mode operation of electrically pumped semiconductor microring lasers whose lasing modes are lithographically selected via the second order grating. We also show that adding the grating does not increase the lasing threshold current significantly. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America C1 [Arbabi, Amir; Kamali, Seyedeh Mahsa; Arbabi, Ehsan; Griffin, Benjamin G.; Goddard, Lynford L.] Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Micro & Nanotechnol Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Arbabi, Amir; Kamali, Seyedeh Mahsa; Arbabi, Ehsan] CALTECH, TJ Watson Lab Appl Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Griffin, Benjamin G.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Griffin, Benjamin G.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Goddard, LL (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Micro & Nanotechnol Lab, 208 North Wright St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM lgoddard@illinois.edu FU National Science Foundation (CAREER) [ECCS-1055941] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (CAREER award ECCS-1055941). NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 12 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD FEB 23 PY 2015 VL 23 IS 4 BP 5335 EP 5347 DI 10.1364/OE.23.005335 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA CD1ZH UT WOS:000350872700142 PM 25836565 ER PT J AU Sinha, V Gengler, JJ Muratore, C Spowart, JE AF Sinha, V. Gengler, J. J. Muratore, C. Spowart, J. E. TI Effects of disorder state and interfacial layer on thermal transport in copper/diamond system SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HEAT SINK APPLICATIONS; DIAMOND COMPOSITES; CU/DIAMOND COMPOSITES; POWDER-METALLURGY; MATRIX COMPOSITES; FRACTURE FACETS; CONDUCTIVITY; RESISTANCE; CONDUCTANCE; METALS AB The characterization of Cu/diamond interface thermal conductance (h(c)) along with an improved understanding of factors affecting it are becoming increasingly important, as Cu-diamond composites are being considered for electronic packaging applications. In this study, similar to 90 nm thick Cu layers were deposited on synthetic and natural single crystal diamond substrates. In several specimens, a Ti-interface layer of thickness <= 3.5 nm was sputtered between the diamond substrate and the Cu top layer. The h(c) across Cu/diamond interfaces for specimens with and without a Ti-interface layer was determined using time-domain thermoreflectance. The h(c) is similar to 2x higher for similar interfacial layers on synthetic versus natural diamond substrate. The nitrogen concentration of synthetic diamond substrate is four orders of magnitude lower than natural diamond. The difference in nitrogen concentration can lead to variations in disorder state, with a higher nitrogen content resulting in a higher level of disorder. This difference in disorder state potentially can explain the variations in h(c). Furthermore, h(c) was observed to increase with an increase of Ti-interface layer thickness. This was attributed to an increased adhesion of Cu top layer with increasing Ti-interface layer thickness, as observed qualitatively in the current study. C1 [Sinha, V.; Gengler, J. J.; Muratore, C.; Spowart, J. E.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Sinha, V.] Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Gengler, J. J.] Spectral Energies LLC, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Muratore, C.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Sinha, V (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM vikas.sinha.1.ctr@us.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [11RX02COR]; Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate [F33615-04-D-5235, FA8650-07-D-5800, FA8650-10-D-5226] FX This research was supported by Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Thermal Sciences Portfolio (Program Manager: Dr. Joan Fuller, LRIR No. 11RX02COR) and performed at Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate (Contract Nos. F33615-04-D-5235, FA8650-07-D-5800, and FA8650-10-D-5226). The authors thank Dr. A. A. Voevodin (AFRL) for useful technical discussions and for making the TDTR apparatus available for this study. Dr. F. Meisenkothen (NIST, formerly with UES, Inc.) and Mr. Jared Shank (UES, Inc.) helped with the metal layer thickness measurements via EPMA-GMRFILM Model. We thank Dr. B. M. Howe (AFRL) for help with RBS, Dr. M. E. McConney (AFRL) for help with AFM experiments, and Dr. H. E. Smith (UDRI) for useful discussions on SIMS. NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 17 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD FEB 21 PY 2015 VL 117 IS 7 AR 074305 DI 10.1063/1.4906958 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA CD5MC UT WOS:000351130900020 ER PT J AU Hause, ML Prince, BD Bemish, RJ AF Hause, Michael L. Prince, Benjamin D. Bemish, Raymond J. TI A guided-ion beam study of the collisions and reactions of I+ and I-2(+) with I-2 SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CHARGE-TRANSFER REACTIONS; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; CROSS-SECTIONS; HYPERTHERMAL ENERGIES; INDUCED DISSOCIATION; ELECTRONIC-STATE; ATOMIC IONS; IONIZATION; CATIONS; IODINE AB Growing interest in developing and testing iodine Hall effect thrusters requires measurements of the cross sections of reactions that generate low energy plasma following discharge. Limited experimental and theoretical work necessitates a decisive experiment to elucidate the charge exchange and collision-induced dissociation channels. To this end, we have used guided-ion beam techniques to measure cross sections for both I+ + I-2 and I-2(+) + I-2 collisions. We present total collision cross sections as well as collision-induced dissociation cross sections for center-of-mass collision energies ranging from 0.5 to 200 eV for molecular iodine cations. Similarly, we present total collision cross section and charge-exchange cross sections for atomic iodine cations for center-of-mass collision energies ranging from 0.67 to 167 eV. Time-of-flight measurements of the collision products allow determination of velocity distributions, which show evidence of complex formation of I-3(+) from the I+ + I-2 reaction at collision energies below 6 eV. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Hause, Michael L.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02159 USA. [Prince, Benjamin D.; Bemish, Raymond J.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. RP Hause, ML (reprint author), Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02159 USA. OI Bemish, Raymond/0000-0003-2974-1534 FU AFOSR [14RV07COR] FX This work is supported by AFOSR under Task No. 14RV07COR (Program Manager: A. Sayir). NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD FEB 21 PY 2015 VL 142 IS 7 AR 074301 DI 10.1063/1.4907602 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA CC7KY UT WOS:000350547500014 PM 25702009 ER PT J AU Gruneisen, MT Black, JP CDymale, R Stoltenberg, KE AF Gruneisen, Mark T. Black, James P. CDymale, Raymond Stoltenberg, Kurt E. TI Holography-based quantum projector in a state space of linear photon momentum SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE projective measurements; quantum information processing; coupled wave theory; volume holography; mutually unbiased bases; quantum mechanics AB A transmission volume hologram is evaluated as a quantum projector operating on linear momentum states of individual photons in a four-dimensional state space. A state space is defined by four momentum vectors that are either efficiently diffracted or transmitted by the hologram. The influence of the volume hologram on the complex amplitudes of the basis states is modeled using coupled-wave theory. Measurement probabilities obtained with a second hologram introduced as a state-space analyzer are compared to measurement probabilities associated with a projection operator in quantum mechanics. A compact sequential hologram configuration for projecting superposition states onto all of the basis states is demonstrated for individual photons prepared in all 20 states of the five mutually unbiased bases of the four-dimensional state space. The complex amplitudes associated with superpositions of the basis states are imparted to individual photons via computer-generated holography and a liquid-crystal spatial light modulator. The coupled-wave theory analysis indicates that relative phase relationships in transmitted superposition states can be preserved to within 1/28th of an optical cycle and measured detection probabilities compare favorably to those associated with a quantum projector in a basis of discrete orthonormal states. Small departures of the measured statistics from theoretical expectations are quantified and attributed to imperfections in the hologram and experimental setup. C1 [Gruneisen, Mark T.] Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Black, James P.; CDymale, Raymond; Stoltenberg, Kurt E.] Boeing Co, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Gruneisen, MT (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX We gratefully acknowledge Leon Glebov and Vadim Smirnov of Optigrate for the design and fabrication of the hologram samples and Sami Shakir of Tau Technologies for useful theoretical discussions. This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD FEB 18 PY 2015 VL 17 AR 023059 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/17/2/023059 PG 12 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA CF9ET UT WOS:000352866700011 ER PT J AU Kontur, FJ de La Harpe, K Terry, NB AF Kontur, F. J. de La Harpe, K. Terry, N. B. TI Benefits of completing homework for students with different aptitudes in an introductory electricity and magnetism course SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-PHYSICS EDUCATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID COGNITIVE LOAD; PHYSICS; PERFORMANCE AB We examine how student aptitudes impact how much students learn from doing graded online and written homework in an introductory electricity and magnetism course. Our analysis examines the correlation between successful homework completion rates and exam performance as well as how changes in homework completion correlate with changes in exam scores for students with different physics aptitudes. On average, successfully completing many homework problems correlated to better exam scores only for students with high physics aptitude. On the other hand, all other students showed zero or even a negative correlation between successful homework completion and exam performance. Low- and medium-aptitude students who did more homework did no better and sometimes scored lower on exams than their low- and medium-aptitude peers who did less homework. Our work also shows that long-term changes in homework completion correlated to long-term changes in exam scores only for students with high physics aptitude, but not for students with medium or low aptitude. We offer several explanations for the disparity in homework learning gains, including cognitive load theory, ineffective homework strategies, and various mismatches between homework and exams. Several solutions are proposed to address these possible deficiencies in graded online and written homework. C1 [Kontur, F. J.; de La Harpe, K.; Terry, N. B.] US Air Force Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Kontur, FJ (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. OI Kontur, Frederick/0000-0002-8802-5653 NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 7 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1554-9178 J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-PH JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Phys. Educ. R. PD FEB 17 PY 2015 VL 11 IS 1 AR 010105 DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTPER.11.010105 PG 10 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Education & Educational Research GA CT8GN UT WOS:000363053100001 ER PT J AU Holton, C Guo, YM Luo, H Dahlen, P Gorder, K Dettenmaier, E Johnson, PC AF Holton, Chase Guo, Yuanming Luo, Hong Dahlen, Paul Gorder, Kyle Dettenmaier, Erik Johnson, Paul C. TI Long-Term Evaluation of the Controlled Pressure Method for Assessment of the Vapor Intrusion Pathway SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VARIABILITY; TRANSPORT; HOUSE; SOIL AB Vapor intrusion (VI) investigations often require sampling of indoor air for evaluating occupant risks, but can be confounded by temporal variability and the presence of indoor sources. Controlled pressure methods (CPM) have been proposed as an alternative, but temporal variability of CPM results and whether they are indicative of impacts under natural conditions have not been rigorously investigated. This study is the first involving a long-term CPM test at a house having a multiyear high temporal resolution indoor air data set under natural conditions. Key observations include (a) CPM results exhibited low temporal variability, (b) false-negative results were not obtained, (c) the indoor air concentrations were similar to the maximum concentrations under natural conditions, and (d) results exceeded long-term average concentrations and emission rates under natural conditions by 1-2 orders of magnitude. Thus, the CPM results were a reliable indicator of VI occurrence and worst-case exposure regardless of day or time of year of the CPM test. C1 [Holton, Chase; Guo, Yuanming; Luo, Hong; Dahlen, Paul; Johnson, Paul C.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Sustainable Engn & Built Environm, Ira A Fulton Sch Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Luo, Hong] Chevron Energy Technol Co, Houston, TX 77042 USA. [Gorder, Kyle; Dettenmaier, Erik] Hill AFB, Restorat Installat Support Team, Hill AFB, UT 84056 USA. RP Johnson, PC (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Sustainable Engn & Built Environm, Ira A Fulton Sch Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM paul.c.johnson@asu.edu FU U.S. Department of Defense, through the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) FX This research was funded by the U.S. Department of Defense, through the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP). NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 17 PY 2015 VL 49 IS 4 BP 2091 EP 2098 DI 10.1021/es5052342 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CB7KT UT WOS:000349806400015 PM 25604884 ER PT J AU Khalilzadeh-Rezaie, F Smith, CW Nath, J Nader, N Shahzad, M Cleary, JW Avrutsky, I Peale, RE AF Khalilzadeh-Rezaie, Farnood Smith, Christian W. Nath, Janardan Nader, Nima Shahzad, Monas Cleary, Justin W. Avrutsky, Ivan Peale, Robert E. TI Infrared surface polaritons on bismuth SO JOURNAL OF NANOPHOTONICS LA English DT Article DE bismuth; infrared; surface polariton; grating coupler; semimetal; specular reflectance; scattering matrix analysis ID THIN-FILMS; DOPED SILICON; PLASMONICS; SILICIDES; ANTIMONY AB Optical constants for evaporated bismuth (Bi) films were measured by ellipsometry and compared with those published for single crystal and melt-cast polycrystalline Bi in the wavelength range of 1 to 40 mu m. The bulk plasma frequency omega(p) and high-frequency limit to the permittivity epsilon(infinity) were determined from the long-wave portion of the permittivity spectrum, taking previously published values for the relaxation time tau and effective mass m*. This part of the complex permittivity spectrum was confirmed by comparing calculated and measured reflectivity spectra in the far-infrared. Properties of surface polaritons (SPs) in the long-wave infrared were calculated to evaluate the potential of Bi for applications in infrared plasmonics. Measured excitation resonances for SPs on Bi lamellar gratings agree well with calculated resonance spectra based on grating geometry and complex permittivity. (C) 2015 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) C1 [Khalilzadeh-Rezaie, Farnood; Smith, Christian W.; Nath, Janardan; Shahzad, Monas; Peale, Robert E.] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Phys, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Smith, Christian W.] Univ Cent Florida, Nanosci Technol Ctr, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Smith, Christian W.; Nader, Nima; Cleary, Justin W.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Smith, Christian W.] Wyle Labs Inc, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Nader, Nima] Solid State Sci Corp, Nashua, NH 03060 USA. [Avrutsky, Ivan] Wayne State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. RP Khalilzadeh-Rezaie, F (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Dept Phys, 4000 Cent Florida Blvd, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. EM farnood_rezaie@knights.ucf.edu FU Florida High Technology Corridor (I-4) program; SPIE Optics and Photonics Education Scholarship; University of Central Florida's Research Excellence Fellowship; Air Force Office of Scientific Research under LRIR [12RY10COR] FX The authors acknowledge help of Professor G. Boreman in ellipsometry measurements. Work by UCF authors was partly supported by the Florida High Technology Corridor (I-4) program. F.K.R. acknowledges support from SPIE Optics and Photonics Education Scholarship and University of Central Florida's Research Excellence Fellowship. J.W.C., N.N., and C.W.S. acknowledge support from Air Force Office of Scientific Research) under LRIR No. 12RY10COR (Program Officer Dr. Gernot Pomrenke). R.E.P. and J.W.C. conceived the experiments. F.K.R. was responsible for sample fabrication, characterization, and reflectance measurements. J.W.C. and M.S. performed the ellipsometry measurements. C.W.S. and N.N. helped with optical measurements of gratings. I. A. calculated of the reflectance spectrum using scattering matrix analysis. F.K.R., J.N., J.W.C., and R.E.P. performed data analysis and prepared the figures. F.K.R. acknowledges Dr. Andrew Warren for his assistance during x-ray diffraction measurements. All coauthors contributed to the writing of the article. NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 15 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1934-2608 J9 J NANOPHOTONICS JI J. Nanophotonics PD FEB 17 PY 2015 VL 9 AR 093792 DI 10.1117/1.JNP.9.093792 PG 12 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA CC6IZ UT WOS:000350469900001 ER PT J AU Eyet, N Melko, JJ Ard, SG Viggiano, AA AF Eyet, Nicole Melko, Joshua J. Ard, Shaun G. Viggiano, Albert A. TI Effect of higher order solvation and temperature on S(N)2 and E2 reactivity SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE Microsolvation; Substitution; Elimination; SIFT ID MICROSOLVATED FLUORIDE IONS; GAS-PHASE; BRANCHING RATIOS; RATE CONSTANTS; VIBRATIONAL-SPECTRUM; REACTION DYNAMICS; METHYL HALIDES; DEPENDENCES; CLUSTERS; ANION AB The reactivity of microsolvated fluoride ions, F-(CH3OH)(0-2), with methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, and t-butyl bromide is evaluated over a broad range of temperatures. Significant decreases inreactivity are observed as either solvation or temperature increases. Increasing solvation increases sensitivity to the reaction barrier as revealed by a larger temperature dependence. These reactions are dominated by an S(N)2 mechanism for the methyl bromide reaction, while the S(N)2 and E2 mechanisms compete for the reactions with ethyl and n-propyl bromide reactions. The elimination mechanism, with some association, dominates the t-butyl bromide reactions. In all cases the unsolvated bromide ion is the primary ionic product. Branching ratios are discussed in both qualitative and quantitative terms for all reactions at 300K. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Eyet, Nicole] St Anselm Coll, Dept Chem, Manchester, NH 03102 USA. [Melko, Joshua J.; Ard, Shaun G.; Viggiano, Albert A.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Viggiano, AA (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM neyet@anselm.edu; albert.viggiano@us.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [AFOSR-2303EP]; National Research Council; Institute for Scientific Research at Boston College FX This paper is dedicated to Veronica M. Bierbaum on the occasion of her 65th birthday. It is a pleasure to be able to contribute a paper on a subject so close to a major thrust of Ronnie's career. NE is grateful for her patience, dedication to her students, and her continued support. AAV has benefitted from interactions with Ronnie ever since she taught him as a first year graduate student and has remained an engaging colleague over the years. A.A.V. is grateful for the support of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research for this work under Project AFOSR-2303EP. J.J.M. and S.G.A. acknowledge the support of the National Research Council. NEJ.J.M., and S.G.A. acknowledge support from the Institute for Scientific Research at Boston College. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 EI 1873-2798 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD FEB 15 PY 2015 VL 378 SI SI BP 54 EP 58 DI 10.1016/j.ijms.2014.07.011 PG 5 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA CG2HH UT WOS:000353095000007 ER PT J AU Ward, BG AF Ward, Benjamin G. TI Maximizing power output from continuous-wave single-frequency fiber amplifiers SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MODAL INSTABILITY; GAIN SATURATION AB This Letter reports on a method of maximizing the power output from highly saturated cladding-pumped continuous- wave single-frequency fiber amplifiers simultaneously, taking into account the stimulated Brillouin scattering and transverse modal instability thresholds. This results in a design figure of merit depending on the fundamental mode overlap with the doping profile, the peak Brillouin gain coefficient, and the peak mode coupling gain coefficient. This figure of merit is then numerically analyzed for three candidate fiber designs including standard, segmented acoustically tailored, and micro-segmented acoustically tailored photonic-crystal fibers. It is found that each of the latter two fibers should enable a 50% higher output power than standard photonic crystal fiber. C1 US Air Force Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Ward, BG (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Dept Phys, 2354 Fairchild Dr Ste, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM benjamin.ward.1@us.af.mil FU DoD High Performance Computing Modernization Program; DoD High Energy Laser Joint Technology Office; Army Research Office [62119-EL-HEL] FX The author would like to acknowledge a grant of computational time from the DoD High Performance Computing Modernization Program and funding support provided by the DoD High Energy Laser Joint Technology Office and funded through the Army Research Office through grant 62119-EL-HEL. The views expressed in this Letter are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy or position of the U.S. Government or the Department of Defense. Distribution A: Approved for public release, distribution unlimited. NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 7 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 EI 1539-4794 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD FEB 15 PY 2015 VL 40 IS 4 BP 542 EP 545 DI 10.1364/OL.40.000542 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA CB7ZU UT WOS:000349848400027 PM 25680145 ER PT J AU Fryslie, STM Tan, MP Siriani, DF Johnson, MT Choquette, KD AF Fryslie, Stewart Thomas McKee Tan, Meng Peun Siriani, Dominic Francis Johnson, Matthew Thomas Choquette, Kent D. TI 37-GHz Modulation via Resonance Tuning in Single-Mode Coherent Vertical-Cavity Laser Arrays SO IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Modulation; surface-emitting lasers; phased arrays; semiconductor laser arrays ID SURFACE-EMITTING LASER; ERROR-FREE; VCSELS AB We show a significant improvement of modulation bandwidth from 2 x 1 photonic crystal vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser arrays. Control of injection bias conditions to array elements enables resonance tuning of each element with variation of the phase relation and coherence of the array, resulting in the ability to tailor the modulation response. A bandwidth of 37 GHz is obtained under highly single-mode coherent operation with narrow spectral width and increased output power while the laser array is biased at low current density. Lasers with such performance characteristics may greatly enhance high-rate data transfer in computer server, data center, and supercomputer applications with potentially long device lifetime. C1 [Fryslie, Stewart Thomas McKee; Choquette, Kent D.] Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Tan, Meng Peun] Intel Corp, Hillsboro, OR 97124 USA. [Siriani, Dominic Francis] MIT Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. [Johnson, Matthew Thomas] US Air Force, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Fryslie, STM (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. EM fryslie2@illinois.edu; mengtanuiuc@gmail.com; dominic.siriani@ll.mit.edu; mtjohns2@illinois.edu; choquett@illinois.edu FU Oracle Corporation, Redwood, CA, USA FX Manuscript received August 7, 2014; revised November 14, 2014; accepted November 26, 2014. Date of publication December 4, 2014; date of current version January 28, 2015. This work was supported by Oracle Corporation, Redwood, CA, USA. NR 15 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1041-1135 EI 1941-0174 J9 IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L JI IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. PD FEB 15 PY 2015 VL 27 IS 4 DI 10.1109/LPT.2014.2376959 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA CA7QH UT WOS:000349111700007 ER PT J AU Hussein, AM Rao, SI Uchic, MD Dimiduk, DM El-Awady, JA AF Hussein, Ahmed M. Rao, Satish I. Uchic, Michael D. Dimiduk, Dennis M. El-Awady, Jaafar A. TI Microstructurally based cross-slip mechanisms and their effects on dislocation microstructure evolution in fcc crystals SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Cross-slip; Dislocation dynamics; Dislocation patterning; Strain hardening ID CENTERED-CUBIC NICKEL; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; ATOMISTIC SIMULATIONS; SCREW DISLOCATIONS; MESOSCOPIC SIMULATIONS; PURE COPPER; DYNAMICS; NUCLEATION; METALS AB Three newly identified cross-slip mechanisms from atomistic simulations of fcc crystals, namely surface, bulk and intersection cross-slip types, were hierarchically informed into discrete dislocation dynamics simulations. The influence of each cross-slip type on the evolution of the dislocation microstructure in face-centered cubic microcrystals having different crystal sizes and initial dislocation densities was investigated. Dislocation pattern formation, surface slip localization and initial strain hardening were observed, in agreement with experimental observations, and possible explanations are given in the light of these simulations. (C) 2014 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hussein, Ahmed M.; El-Awady, Jaafar A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Whiting Sch Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Rao, Satish I.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Rao, Satish I.] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Inst Engn Mech, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Uchic, Michael D.; Dimiduk, Dennis M.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hussein, AM (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Whiting Sch Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM ahussei4@jhu.edu OI El-Awady, Jaafar/0000-0002-5715-2481 FU DARPA [N66001-12-1-4229, FA9550-12-1-0445]; Center of Excellence on Integrated Materials Modeling (CEIMM) at Johns Hopkins University - AFOSR/RSL; AFRL/RX; XSEDE; AFOSR/RY FX A.M.H. and J.A.E. acknowledge the support by DARPA contract # N66001-12-1-4229, support through Grant # FA9550-12-1-0445 to the Center of Excellence on Integrated Materials Modeling (CEIMM) at Johns Hopkins University (partners JHU, UIUC, UCSB), awarded by the AFOSR/RSL and AFRL/RX, and the computing time Granted by XSEDE on their computers. S.I.R., M.D.U. and D.M.D. also acknowledge the support from AFOSR/RY (D. Stargel, program manager). NR 70 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 11 U2 40 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 EI 1873-2453 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD FEB 15 PY 2015 VL 85 BP 180 EP 190 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2014.10.067 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA CA5OD UT WOS:000348956800018 ER PT J AU Sawyer, JC Shuman, NS Wiens, JP Viggiano, AA AF Sawyer, Jordan C. Shuman, Nicholas S. Wiens, Justin P. Viggiano, Albert A. TI Kinetics and Product Branching Fractions of Reactions between a Cation and a Radical: Ar+ + CH3 and O-2(+) + CH3 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID DISSOCIATIVE CHARGE-TRANSFER; THERMAL ELECTRON-ATTACHMENT; RATE COEFFICIENTS; ENERGY-DEPENDENCE; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; FLOWING AFTERGLOW; ORGANIC RADICALS; CH4; IONS; CH3I AB A novel technique is described for the measurement of rate constants and product branching fractions of thermal reactions between cation and radical species. The technique is a variant of the variable electron and neutral density attachment mass spectrometry (VENDAMS) method, employing a flowing after glow Langmuir probe apparatus. A radical species is produced in situ via dissociative electron attachment to a neutral precursor; this allows for a quantitative derivation of the radical concentration and, as a result, a quantitative determination of rate constants. The technique is applied to the reactions of Ar+ and O-2(+) with CH3 at 300 K. The Ar+ + CH3 reaction proceeds near the collisional rate constant of 1.1 x 109 cm3 s1 and has three product channels: ? CH3+ + Ar (k = 5 +/- 2 x 10(-10) cm(3) s(-1)), -> CH2+ + H + Ar (k = 7 +/- 2 x 10(-10) cm(3) s(-1)), CH+ + H-2 + Ar (k = 5 +/- 3 x 10(-11) cm(3) s(-1)). The O-2(+) + CH3 reaction is also efficient, with direct charge transfer yielding CH3+ as the primary product channel. Several results needed to support these measurements are reported, including the kinetics of Ar+ and O-2(+) with CH3I, electron attachment to CH3I, and mutual neutralization of CH3+ and CH2+ with I. C1 [Sawyer, Jordan C.; Shuman, Nicholas S.; Wiens, Justin P.; Viggiano, Albert A.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Viggiano, AA (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM afrl.rvborgmailbox@kirtland.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [AFOSR-2303EP]; National Research Council Research Associateship Program FX This work is supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR-2303EP). J.P.W. is grateful for support from the National Research Council Research Associateship Program. J.C.S. completed this work through participation in the AFRL Space Scholar program. NR 46 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD FEB 12 PY 2015 VL 119 IS 6 BP 952 EP 958 DI 10.1021/jp511500k PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA CB4DN UT WOS:000349578500003 PM 25585122 ER PT J AU Chapleau, RR Frey, JS Riddle, DS Ruiz, ON Mauzy, CA AF Chapleau, Richard R. Frey, Jeanette S. Riddle, David S. Ruiz, Oscar N. Mauzy, Camilla A. TI Measuring Single-Domain Antibody Interactions with Epitopes in Jet Fuel Using Microscale Thermophoresis SO ANALYTICAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Single domain antibody; Microscale thermophoresis; VHH-domain; Nanobody ID EXPOSURE AB Widely recognized as the gold standard for biological recognition, antibodies have been used to develop bioscavengers, enzyme-like catalytic therapies, and highly specific diagnostic clinical tests. The discovery of camelid antibodies in the 1990s has extended the useful range of antibodies into pH extremes, high temperature, and high salt conditions due to increased stability. However, determining the binding properties of these molecules prior to use under these conditions has not been widely employed because the most precise biophysical methods, surface plasmon resonance, and isothermal titration calorimetry, are not compatible with highly complex matrices. Herein, we demonstrate the use of microscale thermophoresis as a rapid, simple method to detect binding of a single-domain antibody in the presence of jet fuel/water mixes; a complex, harsh environment. This work provides key data to quantifying binding for the development of a sensor for detection of microbial growth in fuel. C1 [Chapleau, Richard R.; Frey, Jeanette S.; Riddle, David S.; Mauzy, Camilla A.] Air Force Res Lab, Mol Bioeffects Branch, Bioeffects Div, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Chapleau, Richard R.; Frey, Jeanette S.; Riddle, David S.] Henry M Jackson Fdn Adv Mil Med, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Ruiz, Oscar N.] Air Force Res Lab, Fuels & Energy Branch, Turbine Engine Div, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Chapleau, RR (reprint author), 2729 R St,Bldg 837, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM richard.chapleau.ctr@us.af.mil OI Chapleau, Richard/0000-0001-6610-5946 NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 36 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0003-2719 EI 1532-236X J9 ANAL LETT JI Anal. Lett. PD FEB 11 PY 2015 VL 48 IS 3 BP 526 EP 530 DI 10.1080/00032719.2014.947535 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA AU3IA UT WOS:000345504500012 ER PT J AU Webster, PT Riordan, NA Liu, S Steenbergen, EH Synowicki, RA Zhang, YH Johnson, SR AF Webster, P. T. Riordan, N. A. Liu, S. Steenbergen, E. H. Synowicki, R. A. Zhang, Y. -H. Johnson, S. R. TI Absorption properties of type-II InAs/InAsSb superlattices measured by spectroscopic ellipsometry SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID KRONIG-PENNEY MODEL; SEMICONDUCTORS; FORMALISM; EPITAXY AB Strain-balanced InAs/InAsSb superlattices offer access to the mid-to long-wavelength infrared region with what is essentially a ternary material system at the GaSb lattice constant. The absorption coefficients of InAs/InAsSb superlattices grown by molecular beam epitaxy on (100)-oriented GaSb substrates are measured at room temperature over the 30 to 800 meV photon energy range using spectroscopic ellipsometry, and the miniband structure of each superlattice is calculated using a Kronig-Penney model. The InAs/InAsSb conduction band offset is used as a fitting parameter to align the calculated superlattice ground state transition energy to the measured absorption onset at room temperature and to the photoluminescence peak energy at low temperature. It is observed that the ground state absorption coefficient and transition strength are proportional to the square of the wavefunction overlap and the ground state absorption coefficient approaches a maximum value of around 5780 cm(-1) as the wavefunction overlap approaches 100%. The absorption analysis of these samples indicates that the optical joint density of states is weakly dependent on the period thickness and Sb content of the superlattice, and that wavefunction overlap is the principal design parameter in terms of obtaining strong absorption in these structures. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Webster, P. T.; Riordan, N. A.; Liu, S.; Zhang, Y. -H.; Johnson, S. R.] Arizona State Univ, Ctr Photon Innovat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Webster, P. T.; Riordan, N. A.; Liu, S.; Zhang, Y. -H.; Johnson, S. R.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Steenbergen, E. H.] US Air Force Res Lab, AFRL RXAN, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Synowicki, R. A.] JA Woollam Co Inc, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. RP Johnson, SR (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Ctr Photon Innovat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM shane.johnson@asu.edu FU U.S. Army Research Office MURI program [W911NF-10-1-0524] FX The authors acknowledge financial support through the U.S. Army Research Office MURI program, Grant No. W911NF-10-1-0524. The authors also acknowledge the use of facilities in the LeRoy Eyring Center for Solid State Science at Arizona State University. NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 10 U2 34 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 9 PY 2015 VL 106 IS 6 AR 061907 DI 10.1063/1.4908255 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA CB7YR UT WOS:000349845300026 ER PT J AU Cleary, JW Streyer, WH Nader, N Vangala, S Avrutsky, I Claflin, B Hendrickson, J Wasserman, D Peale, RE Buchwald, W Soref, R AF Cleary, Justin W. Streyer, William H. Nader, Nima Vangala, Shiva Avrutsky, Ivan Claflin, Bruce Hendrickson, Joshua Wasserman, Daniel Peale, Robert E. Buchwald, Walter Soref, Richard TI Platinum germanides for mid- and long-wave infrared plasmonics SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID DOPED SILICON; PHOTONICS; SILICIDES; METALS AB Platinum germanides (PtGe) were investigated for infrared plasmonic applications. Layers of Pt and Ge were deposited and annealed. X-ray diffraction identified PtGe2 and Pt2Ge3 phases, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy determined vertical atomic composition profiles for the films. Complex permittivity spectra were measured by ellipsometry over the 2 to 15 mu m wavelength range. Surface plasmon polariton (SPP) characteristics such as propagation length and field penetration depth were calculated. Photon-to-SPP couplers in the form of 1D lamellar gratings were fabricated and characterized in the range 9 - 10.5 mu m via wavelength-dependent specular reflection spectra for multiple angles of incidence. The observed resonances compare well with calculated spectra for SPP excitation on PtGe2. Platinum germanides are CMOS compatible and may serve as SPP hosts for on-chip mid-IR plasmonic components with tighter field confinement than noble-metal hosts. (C)2015 Optical Society of America C1 [Cleary, Justin W.; Nader, Nima; Vangala, Shiva; Claflin, Bruce; Hendrickson, Joshua] US Air Force, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Streyer, William H.; Wasserman, Daniel] Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Nader, Nima; Vangala, Shiva] Solid State Sci Corp, Nashua, NH 03060 USA. [Avrutsky, Ivan] Wayne State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. [Peale, Robert E.] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Phys, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Buchwald, Walter; Soref, Richard] Univ Massachusetts, Engn Program, Boston, MA 02125 USA. RP Cleary, JW (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Justin.Cleary.1@us.af.mil FU AFOSR (Air Force Office of Scientific Research) under LRIR [12RY10COR]; AFOSR [FA9550-14-1-0196]; UK EPSRC; AFOSR under LRIR [12RY05COR] FX JWC, NN and WS acknowledge support from AFOSR (Air Force Office of Scientific Research) under LRIR No. 12RY10COR (Program Officer Dr. Gernot Pomrenke). RS appreciates the support of the AFOSR grant FA9550-14-1-0196 and the UK EPSRC project MIGRATION. JRH and IA also acknowledge support from AFOSR (Dr. Pomrenke) under LRIR number 12RY05COR. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 26 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD FEB 9 PY 2015 VL 23 IS 3 BP 3316 EP 3326 DI 10.1364/OE.23.003316 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA CB5SV UT WOS:000349688800147 PM 25836190 ER PT J AU Dolasinski, B Powers, PE Haus, JW Cooney, A AF Dolasinski, Brian Powers, Peter E. Haus, Joseph W. Cooney, Adam TI Tunable narrow band difference frequency THz wave generation in DAST via dual seed PPLN OPG SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC NONLINEAR CRYSTALS; LITHIUM-NIOBATE; TERAHERTZ; WAVELENGTH; INDEX AB We report a widely tunable narrowband terahertz (THz) source via difference frequency generation (DFG). A narrowband THz source uses the output of dual seeded periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) optical parametric generators (OPG) combined in the nonlinear crystal 4-dimthylamino-N-methyl-4-stilbazolium-tosylate (DAST). We demonstrate a seamlessly tunable THZ output that tunes from 1.5 THz to 27 THz with a minimum bandwidth of 3.1 GHz. The effects of dispersive phase matching, two-photon absorption, and polarization were examined and compared to a power emission model that consisted of the current accepted parameters of DAST. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America C1 [Dolasinski, Brian; Powers, Peter E.; Haus, Joseph W.] Univ Dayton, Electroopt Program, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Powers, Peter E.] Univ Dayton, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Cooney, Adam] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Dolasinski, B (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Electroopt Program, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM dolasinskib1@udayton.edu FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA8650-09-D-5224] FX The authors thank and acknowledge Doug Petkie and Jason Deibel of Wright State University for their assistance in THz detection. This work was partially supported by the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research No. FA8650-09-D-5224. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 7 U2 35 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD FEB 9 PY 2015 VL 23 IS 3 BP 3669 EP 3680 DI 10.1364/OE.23.003669 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA CB5SV UT WOS:000349688800176 PM 25836219 ER PT J AU Poggie, J AF Poggie, J. TI Multi-fluid modelling of pulsed discharges for flow control applications SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE plasma; multi-fluid model; pulsed electrical discharge; flow control actuator; particle inertia ID RF-GLOW-DISCHARGES; CONTINUUM MODEL; LOW-PRESSURE; SEPARATION CONTROL; SIMULATION; TRANSITION; CATHODE; DC AB Experimental evidence suggests that short-pulse dielectric barrier discharge actuators are effective for speeds corresponding to take-off and approach of large aircraft, and thus are a fruitful direction for flow control technology development. Large-eddy simulations have reproduced some of the main fluid dynamic effects. The plasma models used in such simulations are semi-empirical, however, and need to be tuned for each flowfield under consideration. In this paper, the discharge physics is examined in more detail with multi-fluid modelling, comparing a five-moment model (continuity, momentum, and energy equations) to a two-moment model (continuity and energy equations). A steady-state, one-dimensional discharge was considered first, and the five-moment model was found to predict significantly lower ionisation rates and number densities than the two-moment model. A two-dimensional, transient discharge problem with an elliptical cathode was studied next. Relative to the two-moment model, the five-moment model predicted a slower response to the activation of the cathode, and lower electron velocities and temperatures as the simulation approached steady-state. The primary reason for the differences in the predictions of the two models can be attributed to the effects of particle inertia, particularly electron inertia in the cathode layer. The computational cost of the five-moment model is only about twice that of the simpler variant, suggesting that it may be feasible to use the more sophisticated model in practical calculations for flow control actuator design. C1 Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Poggie, J (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Jonathan.Poggie@us.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [LRIR12RB09COR] FX This project was sponsored in part by a grant from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Grant LRIR12RB09COR, monitored by F. Fahroo), and by a grant of High Performance Computing time from the Air Force Research Laboratory Major Shared Resource Center. NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1061-8562 EI 1029-0257 J9 INT J COMPUT FLUID D JI Int. J. Comput. Fluid Dyn. PD FEB 7 PY 2015 VL 29 IS 2 BP 180 EP 191 DI 10.1080/10618562.2015.1021694 PG 12 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA CF5QL UT WOS:000352611900004 ER PT J AU Wiens, JP Shuman, NS Viggiano, AA AF Wiens, Justin P. Shuman, Nicholas S. Viggiano, Albert A. TI Production of and Dissociative Electron Attachment to the Simplest Criegee Intermediate in an Afterglow SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; FLOWING AFTERGLOW; SELF-REACTION; CH2OO; SPECTRUM; SF6; RECOMBINATION; SPECTROSCOPY; KINETICS; AFFINITY AB The simplest Criegee intermediate, CH2OO, has been produced in a flowing afterglow using a novel technique. CH2I is produced by dissociative electron attachment to CH2I2, leading to the established reaction CH2I + O-2 -> CH2OO + I. The presence of CH2OO is established by observation of dissociative electron attachment to yield O- using the variable electron and neutral density attachment mass spectrometry (VENDAMS) technique. The measurements establish the electron attachment rate coefficient of thermal electrons at 300 K to CH2OO as 1.2 +/- 0.3 x 10(-8) cm(3) s(-1). Thermal electron attachment is solely dissociative and is not a promising route to producing stable CH2OO-. The results open the possibility of measuring ion-molecule chemistry involving Criegee intermediates, as well as the reactivity of other unstable radicals produced in an analogous manner. C1 [Wiens, Justin P.; Shuman, Nicholas S.; Viggiano, Albert A.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Viggiano, AA (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM afrl.rvborgmailbox@kirtland.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [AFOSR-2303-EP]; National Research Council Research Associateship Program FX This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Project No. AFOSR-2303-EP. J.P.W. acknowledges support from the National Research Council Research Associateship Program. NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1948-7185 J9 J PHYS CHEM LETT JI J. Phys. Chem. Lett. PD FEB 5 PY 2015 VL 6 IS 3 BP 383 EP 387 DI 10.1021/jz502569w PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA CA7ZX UT WOS:000349137400013 PM 26261951 ER PT J AU Zhang, YY Arugula, MA Kirsch, JS Yang, XY Olsen, E Simonian, AL AF Zhang, Yuanyuan Arugula, Mary A. Kirsch, Jeffrey S. Yang, Xiaoyun Olsen, Eric Simonian, Aleksandr L. TI Layer-by-Layer Assembled Carbon Nanotube-Acetylcholinesterase/Biopolymer Renewable Interfaces: SPR and Electrochemical Characterization SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID DIRECT ELECTRON-TRANSFER; GLUCOSE BIOSENSOR; FILMS; OXIDASE; NANOPARTICLES; ADSORPTION; PESTICIDES; PROTEINS; BINDING; DNA AB Developing simple, reliable, and cost-effective methods of renewing an inhibited biocatalyst (e.g., enzymatic interfaces) on biosensors is needed to advance multiuse, reusable sensor applications. We report a method for the renewal of layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembled inhibition-based enzymatic interfaces in multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) armored acetylcholinesterase (AChE) biosensors. The self-assembly process of MWCNT dispersed enzymes/biopolymers was investigated using surface plasmon resonance (SPR). The LbL fabrication consisted of alternating cushion layers of positively charged CNT-polyethylenimine (CNT-PEI) and negatively charged CNT-deoxyribonucleic acid (CNT-DNA) and a functional interface consisting of alternating layers of CNT-PEI and negatively charged CNT-acetylcholine esterase (CNT-AChE, pH 7.4). The observed SPR response signal increased while assembling the different layers, indicating the buildup of multiple layers on the Au surface. A partial desorption of the top enzymatic layer in the LbL structure was observed with a desorption strategy employing alkaline treatment. This indicates that the strong interaction of CNT-biopolymer conjugates with the Au surface was a result of both electrostatic interactions between biopolymers and the surface binding energy from CNTs: the closer the layers are to the Au surface, the stronger the interactions. In contrast, a similar LbL assembly of soluble enzyme/polyelectrolytes resulted in stronger desorption on the surface after the alkaline treatment; this led to the investigation of AChE layer removal, permanently inhibited after pesticide exposure on glassy carbon (GC) electrodes, while keeping the cushion layers intact. The desorption strategy permitted the SPR and electrochemical electrode surfaces to be regenerated multiple times by the subsequent self-assembly of fresh PEI/AChE layers. Flow-mode electrochemical amperometric analysis demonstrated good stability toward the determination of acetylcholine with 97.1 +/- 2.7% renewability. Our simple, inexpensive approach shows the potential of renewable LbL self-assembled functional interfaces for multiple uses in a wide field of applications such as biosensing, various biotechnological processes, and the food and health industries. C1 [Zhang, Yuanyuan; Arugula, Mary A.; Kirsch, Jeffrey S.; Yang, Xiaoyun; Simonian, Aleksandr L.] Auburn Univ, Dept Mat Engn, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. [Olsen, Eric] US Air Force, Sch Aerosp Med, Epidemiol Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Simonian, AL (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Mat Engn, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM als@auburn.edu FU National Science Foundation [CBET-1317635, CBET-1337818]; Auburn University Intramural Grants Program (AU-IGP); USAF CRADA [13-268-SG-C13016] FX Financial support for this research was from National Science Foundation grants CBET-1317635 and CBET-1337818 and the Auburn University Intramural Grants Program (AU-IGP). We thank Prof. Bob Ashurst and Jie Zhong in the chemical engineering department for help with AFM characterization and MariAnne Sullivan in the materials engineering department for help with SEM characterization. This work was supported by USAF CRADA 13-268-SG-C13016. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the United States Air Force, Department of Defense, or U.S. government. NR 33 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 10 U2 100 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD FEB 3 PY 2015 VL 31 IS 4 BP 1462 EP 1468 DI 10.1021/la503474w PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA CA6WY UT WOS:000349059200028 PM 25562675 ER PT J AU Beck, JA Brown, JM Scott-Emuakpor, OE Cross, CJ Slater, JC AF Beck, Joseph A. Brown, Jeffrey M. Scott-Emuakpor, Onome E. Cross, Charles J. Slater, Joseph C. TI Dynamic response characteristics of dual flow-path integrally bladed rotors SO JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article ID COMPONENT MODE SYNTHESIS; DISKS AB New turbine engine designs requiring secondary flow compression often look to dual flow-path integrally bladed rotors (DFIBRs) since these stages have the ability to perform work on the secondary, or bypassed, flow-held. While analogous to traditional integrally bladed rotor stages, DFIBR designs have many differences that result in unique dynamic response characteristics that must be understood to avoid fatigue. This work investigates these characteristics using reduced-order models (ROMs) that incorporate mistuning through perturbations to blade frequencies. This work provides an alternative to computationally intensive geometric-mistuning approaches for DFIBRs by utilizing tuned blade mode reductions and substructure coupling in cyclic coordinates. Free and forced response results are compared to full Finite element model (FEM) solutions to determine if any errors are related to the reduced-order model formulation reduction methods. It is shown that DFIBRs have many more frequency veering regions than their single flow-path integrally blade rotor (IBR) counterparts. Modal families are shown to transition between system, inner-blade, and outer-blade motion. Furthermore, findings illustrate that while mode localization of traditional IBRs is limited to a single or small subset of blades, DFIBRs can have modal energy localized to either an inner- or outer-blade set resulting in many blades responding above tuned levels. Lastly, ROM forced response predictions compare well to full FEM predictions for the two test cases shown. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Beck, Joseph A.; Brown, Jeffrey M.; Scott-Emuakpor, Onome E.; Cross, Charles J.] Air Force Res Lab, Aeronaut Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Slater, Joseph C.] Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Beck, JA (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Aeronaut Syst Directorate, 1950 5th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Joseph.Beck.8@us.af.mil; Jeffrey.Brown.70@us.af.mil; Onome.Scott-Emuakpor.1@us.af.mil; Charles.Cross.1@us.af.mil; Joseph.Slater@wright.edu OI Slater, Joseph/0000-0002-1923-9279 NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-460X EI 1095-8568 J9 J SOUND VIB JI J. Sound Vibr. PD FEB 3 PY 2015 VL 336 BP 150 EP 163 DI 10.1016/j.jsv.2014.10.011 PG 14 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA AU2FR UT WOS:000345432300010 ER PT J AU Wong, PH Adams, KE Carlson, GS Quinn, JM AF Wong, Priscilla H. Adams, Karla E. Carlson, Geoffrey S. Quinn, James M. TI Experience with Epinephrine Delivery in Immunotherapy-Associated Systemic Reactions SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Allergy-Asthma-and-Immunology (AAAAI) CY FEB 20-24, 2015 CL Houston, TX SP Amer Acad Allergy, Asthma & Immunol C1 [Wong, Priscilla H.; Carlson, Geoffrey S.; Quinn, James M.] Wilford Hall Ambulatory Surg Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. [Adams, Karla E.] Mike OCallaghan Fed Med Ctr, Nellis Afb, NV USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 EI 1097-6825 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD FEB PY 2015 VL 135 IS 2 SU S MA 694 BP AB214 EP AB214 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA CR2BN UT WOS:000361129600693 ER PT J AU Martin, JA Smith, JE Warren, M Chavez, JL Hagen, JA Kelley-Loughnane, N AF Martin, Jennifer A. Smith, Joshua E. Warren, Mercedes Chavez, Jorge L. Hagen, Joshua A. Kelley-Loughnane, Nancy TI A Method for Selecting Structure-switching Aptamers Applied to a Colorimetric Gold Nanoparticle Assay SO JOVE-JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS LA English DT Article DE Molecular Biology; Issue 96; Aptamer; structure-switching; SELEX; small molecule; cortisol; next generation sequencing; gold nanoparticle; assay ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; EXPONENTIAL ENRICHMENT; SYSTEMATIC EVOLUTION; DNA APTAMERS; RNA; CORTISOL; LIGANDS; MOLECULES; SELEX; STRESS AB Small molecules provide rich targets for biosensing applications due to their physiological implications as biomarkers of various aspects of human health and performance. Nucleic acid aptamers have been increasingly applied as recognition elements on biosensor platforms, but selecting aptamers toward small molecule targets requires special design considerations. This work describes modification and critical steps of a method designed to select structure-switching aptamers to small molecule targets. Binding sequences from a DNA library hybridized to complementary DNA capture probes on magnetic beads are separated from nonbinders via a target-induced change in conformation. This method is advantageous because sequences binding the support matrix (beads) will not be further amplified, and it does not require immobilization of the target molecule. However, the melting temperature of the capture probe and library is kept at or slightly above RT, such that sequences that dehybridize based on thermodynamics will also be present in the supernatant solution. This effectively limits the partitioning efficiency (ability to separate target binding sequences from nonbinders), and therefore many selection rounds will be required to remove background sequences. The reported method differs from previous structure-switching aptamer selections due to implementation of negative selection steps, simplified enrichment monitoring, and extension of the length of the capture probe following selection enrichment to provide enhanced stringency. The selected structure-switching aptamers are advantageous in a gold nanoparticle assay platform that reports the presence of a target molecule by the conformational change of the aptamer. The gold nanoparticle assay was applied because it provides a simple, rapid colorimetric readout that is beneficial in a clinical or deployed environment. Design and optimization considerations are presented for the assay as proof-of-principle work in buffer to provide a foundation for further extension of the work toward small molecule biosensing in physiological fluids. C1 [Martin, Jennifer A.; Smith, Joshua E.; Warren, Mercedes; Chavez, Jorge L.; Hagen, Joshua A.; Kelley-Loughnane, Nancy] Air Force Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Martin, Jennifer A.; Smith, Joshua E.] Henry M Jackson Fdn, Bethesda, MD USA. [Chavez, Jorge L.] UES Inc, Beavercreek, OH USA. RP Kelley-Loughnane, N (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, 711th Human Performance Wing, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Nancy.kelley-loughnane.1@us.af.mil FU Bio-X Strategic Technology Thrust; Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Air Force Research Laboratory FX This research was performed while the author (JAM) held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at Air Force Research Laboratories. Co-author MW held a Wright Scholar Fellowship supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. This work was supported by Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Air Force Research Laboratory, and Bio-X Strategic Technology Thrust. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 27 PU JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1 ALEWIFE CENTER, STE 200, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02140 USA SN 1940-087X J9 JOVE-J VIS EXP JI J. Vis. Exp. PD FEB PY 2015 IS 96 AR e52545 DI 10.3791/52545 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CR7MH UT WOS:000361533700071 PM 25870978 ER PT J AU Davenport, CE Wohlwend, CS Koehler, TL AF Davenport, Casey E. Wohlwend, Christian S. Koehler, Thomas L. TI MOTIVATION FOR AND DEVELOPMENT OF A STANDARDIZED INTRODUCTORY METEOROLOGY ASSESSMENT EXAM SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CHILDRENS CONCEPTIONS; COGNITIVE LOAD; STUDENTS; CONDENSATION; EVAPORATION; PRESSURE; STATE C1 [Davenport, Casey E.; Wohlwend, Christian S.; Koehler, Thomas L.] US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Davenport, CE (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Geog & Earth Sci, 9201 Univ City Blvd, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. EM Casey.Davenport@uncc.edu NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD FEB PY 2015 VL 96 IS 2 BP 305 EP 312 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00157.1 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CG5DA UT WOS:000353310100011 ER PT J AU Ard, SG Melko, JJ Martinez, O Shuman, NS Pedder, RE Taormina, CR Viggiano, AA AF Ard, Shaun G. Melko, Joshua J. Martinez, Oscar, Jr. Shuman, Nicholas S. Pedder, Randall E. Taormina, Christopher R. Viggiano, Albert A. TI Incorporating time-of-flight detection on a selected ion flow tube apparatus SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE Flow tube; Time-of-flight; Kinetics; Ion-molecule reaction ID CHARGE-TRANSFER REACTIONS; TEMPERATURE 300-1800 K; ELECTRON-ATTACHMENT; MOLECULE REACTIONS; THERMAL-ENERGY; KINETIC-ENERGY; RATE CONSTANTS; POSITIVE-IONS; AR+; O-2 AB A new ion detection scheme incorporating both time-of-flight and quadrupole instrumentation has been implemented on a variable temperature selected ion flow tube and is described here. The new detection region retains typical quadrupole detection for the study of most systems, and adds time-of-flight capability to study systems over a wide mass range while minimizing the effects of mass discrimination. Experiments verify the accuracy of the kinetics obtained with time-of-flight detection. We find excellent agreement with previously published rate constants and product branching for the reactions of Ar+ with SF6 and C2H4. Additionally, new results are presented for the reaction of Ar+ with WF6, observing a rate constant of 1.23 x 10(-9) cm(3) s(-1), with product branching of 0.9 and 0.1 to WF5+ and WF6+ respectively. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Ard, Shaun G.; Melko, Joshua J.; Martinez, Oscar, Jr.; Shuman, Nicholas S.; Viggiano, Albert A.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Pedder, Randall E.; Taormina, Christopher R.] Ardara Technol LP, Ardara, PA 15615 USA. RP Viggiano, AA (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM afrl.rvborgmailbox@kirtland.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [AFOSR-2303EP]; National Research Council; Institute for Scientific Research at Boston College FX We would like to dedicate this article to Fred Fehsenfeld and Eldon Ferguson, Ph.D. advisors to AAV. They instilled in us many of the qualities that have made our laboratory a success, namely innovation of technique followed by extensive exploitation, as well as the goal-oriented research needed to solve AF problems. We are grateful for the support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Project AFOSR-2303EP. O.M. Jr. acknowledges support from the National Research Council. J.J.M. and S.G.A. acknowledge support from the Institute for Scientific Research at Boston College. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 EI 1873-2798 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD FEB 1 PY 2015 VL 377 SI SI BP 479 EP 483 DI 10.1016/j.ijms.2014.04.016 PG 5 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA CG1BD UT WOS:000353007100050 ER PT J AU Kahler, SW Ling, A White, SM AF Kahler, S. W. Ling, A. White, S. M. TI Forecasting SEP events with same active region prior flares SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID ENERGETIC PARTICLE EVENTS; CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; TWIN-CME SCENARIO; SOLAR; PREDICTION AB Forecasting large solar energetic (E > 10 MeV) particle (SEP) events is currently based on observed solar X-ray flare peak fluxes or fluences. Recent work has indicated that the probability of a solar eruptive event in an active region (AR) is enhanced when a large flare has occurred in that AR during the previous day. In addition, peak intensities Sp of SEP events associated with fast coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are larger for CMEs with prior CMEs from the same associated ARs in the previous day. This suggests that the associated SEP event probability and/or Sp may be higher for a given solar X-ray flare with a recent prior major flare in the same AR. We use data sets of NOAA flares and SEP events from solar cycles 22-24 to test this idea statistically for periods of prior flares ranging from 12 to 48 h. The occurrence probabilities and Sp of large SEP events for flares with prior same AR major ( M2) flares are not significantly higher than for flares without the prior flares; hence, prior flare occurrence is not a useful SEP event forecasting tool. The flare-based occurrence probabilities are higher for cycle 24 than for cycles 22 and 23, but the dependence of Sp on X-ray fluence appears unchanged. We show an example of a recent flare-prolific AR for which the SEP-associated flares are spatially distinct from the numerous non-SEP associated flares, indicating how prior AR flares may be unrelated to SEP-associated flares. C1 [Kahler, S. W.; White, S. M.] Air Force Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87831 USA. [Ling, A.] Atmospher Environm Res, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Kahler, SW (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87831 USA. EM stephen.kahler@kirtland.af.mil FU AFOSR Task [2301RDZ4]; AFRL contract [FA8718-05-C-0036] FX S. Kahler was funded by AFOSR Task 2301RDZ4. A. Ling was supported by AFRL contract FA8718-05-C-0036. We thank C. Balch for providing us with the NOAA flare database, his flare forecast software, and useful advice on the SWPC Protons program. This work was (partly) carried out by using Hinode Flare Catalog (http://st4a.stelab.nagoya-u.ac.jp/hinode_flare/), which is maintained by ISAS/JAXA and Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1542-7390 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD FEB PY 2015 VL 13 IS 2 BP 116 EP 123 DI 10.1002/2014SW001099 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CE0ZP UT WOS:000351541000004 ER PT J AU Li, X Selesnick, RS Baker, DN Jaynes, AN Kanekal, SG Schiller, Q Blum, L Fennell, J Blake, JB AF Li, X. Selesnick, R. S. Baker, D. N. Jaynes, A. N. Kanekal, S. G. Schiller, Q. Blum, L. Fennell, J. Blake, J. B. TI Upper limit on the inner radiation belt MeV electron intensity SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE inner radiation belt; Van Allen Probes; CubeSat; MeV electron; CSSWE; Earth's magnetosphere ID 24 MARCH 1991; SLOT REGION; ULTRARELATIVISTIC ELECTRONS; RELATIVISTIC ELECTRONS; DISTRIBUTIONS; SIMULATION; PROTONS; MISSION; STORM; SSC AB No instruments in the inner radiation belt are immune from the unforgiving penetration of the highly energetic protons (tens of MeV to GeV). The inner belt proton flux level, however, is relatively stable; thus, for any given instrument, the proton contamination often leads to a certain background noise. Measurements from the Relativistic Electron and Proton Telescope integrated little experiment on board Colorado Student Space Weather Experiment CubeSat, in a low Earth orbit, clearly demonstrate that there exist sub-MeV electrons in the inner belt because their flux level is orders of magnitude higher than the background, while higher-energy electron (>1.6 MeV) measurements cannot be distinguished from the background. Detailed analysis of high-quality measurements from the Relativistic Electron and Proton Telescope on board Van Allen Probes, in a geo-transfer-like orbit, provides, for the first time, quantified upper limits on MeV electron fluxes in various energy ranges in the inner belt. These upper limits are rather different from flux levels in the AE8 and AE9 models, which were developed based on older data sources. For 1.7, 2.5, and 3.3 MeV electrons, the upper limits are about 1 order of magnitude lower than predicted model fluxes. The implication of this difference is profound in that unless there are extreme solar wind conditions, which have not happened yet since the launch of Van Allen Probes, significant enhancements of MeV electrons do not occur in the inner belt even though such enhancements are commonly seen in the outer belt. C1 [Li, X.; Baker, D. N.; Jaynes, A. N.; Schiller, Q.; Blum, L.] Univ Colorado, Lab Atmospher & Space Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Li, X.; Schiller, Q.; Blum, L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Selesnick, R. S.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. [Kanekal, S. G.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Fennell, J.; Blake, J. B.] Aerosp Corp, Space Sci Applicat Lab, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. RP Li, X (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Lab Atmospher & Space Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM lix@lasp.colorado.edu OI Blum, Lauren/0000-0002-4797-5476 FU NASA [NNH14AX18I]; Air Force Research Laboratory under the Heliophysics Guest Investigators Program, at University of Colorado; RBSP-ECT through JHU/APL under NASA [967399, NAS5-01072]; NSF [AGSW 0940277]; Air Force Research Laboratory [FA9453-14-M-0256] FX We thank Bob Johnston for help with the AE9 V1.2 model. This work was supported in part by NASA agreement NNH14AX18I with the Air Force Research Laboratory under the Heliophysics Guest Investigators Program, at University of Colorado by RBSP-ECT funding through JHU/APL contract 967399 under prime NASA contract NAS5-01072, NSF (CubeSat program) grant AGSW 0940277, and a subcontract (FA9453-14-M-0256) from the Air Force Research Laboratory. Van Allen Probes REPT and ephemeris data are available from the ECT Science Operations and Data Center, http://www.rbsp-ect.lanl.gov; CSSWE/REPTile and ephemeris data are available from NASA/CDAWeb database, http://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/istp$_$public/. NR 39 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD FEB PY 2015 VL 120 IS 2 BP 1215 EP 1228 DI 10.1002/2014JA020777 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CD8QL UT WOS:000351360800027 ER PT J AU Jau, HC Li, YN Li, CC Chen, CW Wang, CT Bisoyi, HK Lin, TH Bunning, TJ Li, Q AF Jau, Hung-Chang Li, Yannian Li, Cheng-Chang Chen, Chun-Wei Wang, Chun-Ta Bisoyi, Hari Krishna Lin, Tsung-Hsien Bunning, Timothy J. Li, Quan TI Light-Driven Wide-Range Nonmechanical Beam Steering and Spectrum Scanning Based on a Self-Organized Liquid Crystal Grating Enabled by a Chiral Molecular Switch SO ADVANCED OPTICAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL MICROSPECTROMETER; GREEN; FILM; RED; 3D C1 [Jau, Hung-Chang; Li, Cheng-Chang; Chen, Chun-Wei; Wang, Chun-Ta; Lin, Tsung-Hsien] Natl Sun Yat Sen Univ, Dept Photon, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan. [Li, Yannian; Bisoyi, Hari Krishna; Li, Quan] Kent State Univ, Inst Liquid Crystal, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Li, Yannian; Bisoyi, Hari Krishna; Li, Quan] Kent State Univ, Chem Phys Interdisciplinary Program, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Bunning, Timothy J.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Lin, TH (reprint author), Natl Sun Yat Sen Univ, Dept Photon, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan. EM Jameslin@faculty.nsysu.edu.tw; qli1@kent.edu FU National Science Council of Taiwan [NSC 99-2119-M-110-006-MY3, NSC 100-2628-E-110-007-MY3] FX H.-C.J. and Y.L. contributed equally to this work. Q.L. thanks US Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR FA9550-09-1-193 and FA 9550-09-1-0254). The authors also thank the National Science Council of Taiwan for financially supporting this research under Contract No. NSC 99-2119-M-110-006-MY3 and NSC 100-2628-E-110-007-MY3. NR 25 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 25 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 2195-1071 J9 ADV OPT MATER JI Adv. Opt. Mater. PD FEB PY 2015 VL 3 IS 2 BP 166 EP 170 DI 10.1002/adom.201400457 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA CB9OO UT WOS:000349961400002 ER PT J AU Orban, C Morrison, JT Chowdhury, EA Nees, JA Frische, K Feister, S Roquemore, WM AF Orban, Chris Morrison, John T. Chowdhury, Enam A. Nees, John A. Frische, Kyle Feister, Scott Roquemore, W. M. TI Backward-propagating MeV electrons in ultra-intense laser interactions: Standing wave acceleration and coupling to the reflected laser pulse SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTION; HOT-ELECTRONS; SOLID TARGETS; PLASMA ACCELERATORS; SIMULATION; ENERGY; BEAM AB Laser-accelerated electron beams have been created at a kHz repetition rate from the reflection of intense (similar to 10(18) W/cm(2)), similar to 40 fs laser pulses focused on a continuous water-jet in an experiment at the Air Force Research Laboratory. This paper investigates Particle-in-Cell simulations of the laser-target interaction to identify the physical mechanisms of electron acceleration in this experiment. We find that the standing-wave pattern created by the overlap of the incident and reflected laser is particularly important because this standing wave can "inject" electrons into the reflected laser pulse where the electrons are further accelerated. We identify two regimes of standing wave acceleration: a highly relativistic case (a(0) >= 1), and a moderately relativistic case (a(0) similar to 0.5) which operates over a larger fraction of the laser period. In previous studies, other groups have investigated the highly relativistic case for its usefulness in launching electrons in the forward direction. We extend this by investigating electron acceleration in the specular (back reflection) direction and over a wide range of intensities (10(17)-10(19) W cm(-2)). (C) 2015 Author(s). C1 [Orban, Chris; Chowdhury, Enam A.; Feister, Scott] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Orban, Chris; Nees, John A.; Frische, Kyle; Feister, Scott] Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45459 USA. [Morrison, John T.] CNR, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Morrison, John T.; Nees, John A.] Intense Energy Solut LLC, Plain City, OH 43064 USA. [Chowdhury, Enam A.] Univ Michigan, Ctr Ultra Fast Opt Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Roquemore, W. M.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Orban, C (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, 174 W 18th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM orban@physics.osu.edu RI Nees, John/P-4905-2016; OI Nees, John/0000-0001-8277-9123; Frische, Kyle/0000-0003-3228-213X; Feister, Scott/0000-0003-3588-9025; Chowdhury, Enam/0000-0001-6259-202X FU Quantum and Non-Equilibrium Processes Division of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Ohio Supercomputer Center FX C.O. thanks Douglass Schumacher for insightful conversations and Sheng Jiang for help with MATLAB. C.O. also thanks Matt Levy for pointing us to Kemp et al.12 and Brent Anderson for help with running LSP at AFRL. This research was sponsored by the Quantum and Non-Equilibrium Processes Division of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, under the management of Dr. Enrique Parra, Program Manager. This project also benefitted from a grant of time at the Spirit supercomputer (AFRL) and storage space at the Ohio Supercomputer Center. NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD FEB PY 2015 VL 22 IS 2 AR 023110 DI 10.1063/1.4913225 PG 16 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA CC7MN UT WOS:000350552000104 ER PT J AU Sandstrom, MM Brown, GW Preston, DN Pollard, CJ Warner, KF Sorensen, DN Remmers, DL Phillips, JJ Shelley, TJ Reyes, JA Hsu, PC Reynolds, JG AF Sandstrom, Mary M. Brown, Geoffrey W. Preston, Daniel N. Pollard, Colin J. Warner, Kirstin F. Sorensen, Daniel N. Remmers, Daniel L. Phillips, Jason J. Shelley, Timothy J. Reyes, Jose A. Hsu, Peter C. Reynolds, John G. TI Variation of Methods in Small-Scale Safety and Thermal Testing of Improvised Explosives SO PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS LA English DT Article DE Small-scale safety testing; Homemade explosives; Improvised explosives; Impact; Friction; Electrostatic discharge ID INITIATION; IMPACT AB One of the first steps in establishing safe handling procedures for explosives is small-scale safety and thermal (SSST) testing. To better understand the response of homemade or improvised explosives (HMEs) to SSST testing, 16 HME materials were compared to three standard military explosives in a proficiency-type round robin study among five laboratories, two U.S. Department of Defense and three U.S. Department of Energy, sponsored by the Department of Homeland Security, Science & Technology Directorate, Explosives Division. The testing included impact, friction, electrostatic discharge (ESD) and thermal. The testing matrix was designed to address problems encountered with improvised materials: powder mixtures, liquid suspensions, partially wetted solids, immiscible liquids, and reactive materials. All testing materials and/or precursors came from the same batch distributed to each of the participants and were handled, pretreated, and mixed by standardized procedures. For this proficiency test, the participants had similar equipment, usually differing by vintage. This allowed for a direct comparison of the results from each participant to the average of the results from all the participants. Some general trends observed for each series of tests were: (1) Drop hammer - LLNL usually found the materials less sensitive than the average with materials that have high sensitivity to impact and LANL usually found the materials less sensitive than the average with materials that have high sensitivity to impact; (2) friction - LLNL found the materials less sensitive than the average; (3) and ESD - IHD usually found the materials less sensitive than the average. In this report, the proficiency test data from all the participants is compared and contrasted for impact, selected friction, and ESD testing. Other friction and thermal data will be addressed elsewhere as well as the statistical analysis of several repeated measurements on the proficiency test standards. C1 [Sandstrom, Mary M.; Brown, Geoffrey W.; Preston, Daniel N.; Pollard, Colin J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Warner, Kirstin F.; Sorensen, Daniel N.; Remmers, Daniel L.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head, Indian Head, MD USA. [Phillips, Jason J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Shelley, Timothy J.] Bur Alcohol Tobacco & Firearms, Redstone Arsenal, AL USA. [Reyes, Jose A.] Appl Res Associates, Tyndall AFB, FL USA. [Hsu, Peter C.; Reynolds, John G.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Sandstrom, MM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM reynolds3@llnl.gov FU Los Alamos National Laboratory; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; Sandia National Laboratories; Air Force Research Laboratory; Indian Head Division, Naval Surface Warfare; U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Science and Technology Directorate, Explosives Division; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; Air Force Research Laboratory [HSHQDC10X00414. LLNL-JRNL-649574 (769520)]; Indian Head Division, Naval Surface Warfare [HSHQDC10X00414. LLNL-JRNL-649574 (769520)] FX The authors thank Doug Bauer, Laura J. Parker and Greg Struba for their enthusiastic support. This work was performed by the Integrated Data Collection Analysis (IDCA) Program, a five-lab effort supported by Los Alamos National Laboratory, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratories, the Air Force Research Laboratory, and Indian Head Division, Naval Surface Warfare under sponsorship of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Science and Technology Directorate, Explosives Division. Los Alamos National Laboratory is operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC52-06NA25396. Sandia is a multi-program laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. The Air Force Research Laboratory and Indian Head Division, Naval Surface Warfare also performed work in support of this effort under contract HSHQDC10X00414. LLNL-JRNL-649574 (769520). NR 35 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 14 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0721-3115 EI 1521-4087 J9 PROPELL EXPLOS PYROT JI Propellants Explos. Pyrotech. PD FEB PY 2015 VL 40 IS 1 BP 109 EP 126 DI 10.1002/prep.201400108 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA CC7LS UT WOS:000350549700016 ER PT J AU Deshpande, S Watson, LT Love, NJ Canfield, RA Kolonay, RM AF Deshpande, Shubhangi Watson, Layne T. Love, Nathan J. Canfield, Robert A. Kolonay, Raymond M. TI Aircraft Design Markup Language for Multidisciplinary Aircraft Design and Analysis SO JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE INFORMATION SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID REPRESENTATION; GEOMETRY AB The process of conceptual aircraft design has advanced tremendously in the past few decades due to rapidly developing computer technology. Today's modern aerospace systems exhibit strong interdisciplinary coupling and require a multidisciplinary, collaborative approach. Efficient transfer, sharing, and manipulation of aircraft design and analysis data in such a collaborative environment demand a formal, structured representation of data. Extensible markup language, which is a World Wide Web Consortium recommendation, is one such standard concomitant with a number of powerful capabilities that alleviate interoperability issues in a collaborative environment. A compact, generic, and comprehensive extensible markup language schema for an aircraft design markup language is proposed here to represent aircraft conceptual design and analysis data. The purpose of this unified data format is to provide a common language for data communication and to improve efficiency and productivity within a multidisciplinary, collaborative aircraft design environment. An important feature of the proposed schema is the very expressive and efficient low-level schemata (raw data, mathematical objects, and basic geometry). As a proof of concept, the schema is used to encode an entire Convair B58. The reduction in effort (gain in value) to exchange data models and analysis results in the aircraft design markup language increases with the complexity of models and the number of disciplines. C1 [Deshpande, Shubhangi] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. [Watson, Layne T.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Math, Dept Comp Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. [Watson, Layne T.; Love, Nathan J.; Canfield, Robert A.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Aerosp & Ocean Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. [Kolonay, Raymond M.] US Air Force, Res Lab, RQVC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Deshpande, S (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-09-2-3938] FX This material is based on research sponsored by the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory under agreement number FA8650-09-2-3938. The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements, either expressed or implied, of the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory or the U.S. Government. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 1940-3151 EI 2327-3097 J9 J AEROSP INFORM SYST JI J. Aerosp. Inf. Syst. PD FEB PY 2015 VL 12 IS 2 BP 267 EP 283 DI 10.2514/1.I010222 PG 17 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA CD0ZD UT WOS:000350802200003 ER PT J AU Larentzos, JP Rice, BM Byrd, EFC Weingarten, NS Lill, JV AF Larentzos, James P. Rice, Betsy M. Byrd, Edward F. C. Weingarten, N. Scott Lill, James V. TI Parameterizing Complex Reactive Force Fields Using Multiple Objective Evolutionary Strategies (MOES). Part 1: ReaxFF Models for Cyclotrimethylene Trinitramine (RDX) and 1,1-Diamino-2,2-dinitroethene (FOX-7) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THEORY AND COMPUTATION LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; NEURAL-NETWORKS; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; MULTIOBJECTIVE OPTIMIZATION; INTERMOLECULAR INTERACTIONS; ALGORITHMS; HYDROCARBONS; STATE; SILICON; CARBON AB ReaxFF (van Duin, A.C.T.; Dasgupta, S.; Lorant, F.; Goddard, W.A. J. Phys. Chem. A, 2001, 105, 9396-9409) reactive potentials are parametrized for cyclotrimethylene trinitramine (RDX) and 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethene (FOX-7) in a novel application combining data envelopment analysis and a modern self-adaptive evolutionary algorithm to optimize multiple objectives simultaneously and map the entire family of solutions. In order to correct the poor crystallographic parameters predicted by ReaxFF using its base parametrization (Strachan, A.; van Duin, A. C. T.; Chakraborty, D.; Dasgupta S.; Goddard, W. A. Phys. Rev. Lett., 2003, 91, 098301), we augmented the existing training set data used for parametrization with additional (SAPT)DFT calculations of RDX and FOX-7 dimer interactions. By adjusting a small subset of the ReaxFF parameters that govern long-range interactions, the evolutionary algorithm approach converges on a family of solutions that best describe crystallographic parameters through simultaneous optimization of the objective functions. Molecular dynamics calculations of RDX and FOX-7 are conducted to assess the quality of the force fields, resulting in parametrizations that improve the overall prediction of the crystal structures. C1 [Larentzos, James P.] US Army Res Lab, Engil Corp, High Technol Serv Grp, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. [Rice, Betsy M.; Byrd, Edward F. C.; Weingarten, N. Scott] US Army Res Lab, Energet Mat Sci Branch, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. [Lill, James V.] US Air Force Res Lab, Engil Corp, High Technol Serv Grp, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Weingarten, NS (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, Energet Mat Sci Branch, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM neil.s.weingarten.civ@mail.mil FU Department of Defense HPCMP Software Application Institute for Multiscale Reactive Modeling of Insensitive Munitions FX The authors acknowledge Dr. Anthony Yau for insightful discussions regarding ReaxFF and his help in developing the MOES software. Additionally, the authors gratefully acknowledge Prof. Adri van Duin of Penn State University who generously provided a copy of his reac program that served as the basis for the ReaxFF training set used by MOBS and who offered guidance through numerous insightful discussions. The authors also thank Dr. Shawn Brown of the Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center who performed the initial MPI parallelization of MOBS. The authors acknowledge the computational resources and PETTT software support from the DoD High Performance Computing Modernization Program (HPCMP). The HPCMP provided the supercomputing resources under a Computing Challenge Project entitled, "Construction of Accurate Reactive Potentials for Large Scale Molecular Dynamics Simulations." This time was made available at the DoD Supercomputing Resource Centers at the U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Air Force Research Laboratory, and Engineer Research and Development Center. The authors acknowledge support by the Department of Defense HPCMP Software Application Institute for Multiscale Reactive Modeling of Insensitive Munitions. NR 59 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 40 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1549-9618 EI 1549-9626 J9 J CHEM THEORY COMPUT JI J. Chem. Theory Comput. PD FEB PY 2015 VL 11 IS 2 BP 381 EP 391 DI 10.1021/ct500788c PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA CB9EI UT WOS:000349934400003 PM 26580902 ER PT J AU Bernstein, JGW Iyer, N Brungart, DS AF Bernstein, Joshua G. W. Iyer, Nandini Brungart, Douglas S. TI Release from informational masking in a monaural competing-speech task with vocoded copies of the maskers presented contralaterally SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-SIDED DEAFNESS; PLACE-OF-STIMULATION; COCHLEAR IMPLANTATION; ENERGETIC MASKING; BINAURAL HEARING; SPATIAL RELEASE; SIMULTANEOUS TALKERS; NOISE; INTELLIGIBILITY; IDENTIFICATION AB Single-sided deafness prevents access to the binaural cues that help normal-hearing listeners extract target speech from competing voices. Little is known about how listeners with one normal-hearing ear might benefit from access to severely degraded audio signals that preserve only envelope information in the second ear. This study investigated whether vocoded masker-envelope information presented to one ear could improve performance for normal-hearing listeners in a multi-talker speech-identification task presented to the other ear. Target speech and speech or non-speech maskers were presented unprocessed to the left ear. The right ear received no signal, or either an unprocessed or eight-channel noise-vocoded copy of the maskers. Presenting the vocoded maskers contralaterally yielded significant masking release from same-gender speech maskers, albeit less than in the unprocessed case, but not from opposite-gender speech, stationary-noise, or modulated-noise maskers. Unmasking also occurred with as few as two vocoder channels and when an attenuated copy of the target signal was added to the maskers before vocoding. These data show that delivering masker-envelope information contralaterally generates masking release in situations where target-masker similarity impedes monaural speech-identification performance. By delivering speech-envelope information to a deaf ear, cochlear implants for single-sided deafness have the potential to produce a similar effect. C1 [Bernstein, Joshua G. W.; Brungart, Douglas S.] Walter Reed Natl Mil Med Ctr, Natl Mil Audiol & Speech Pathol Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. [Iyer, Nandini] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Bernstein, JGW (reprint author), Walter Reed Natl Mil Med Ctr, Natl Mil Audiol & Speech Pathol Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. EM joshua.g.bernstein.civ@mail.mil FU Defense Medical Research and Development Program; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX Funding was provided by a grant from the Defense Medical Research and Development Program and by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. Portions of this work were previously presented at the joint 21st International Conference on Acoustics and 165th Meeting of the Acoustical Society of America, Montreal, Canada, June 2-7, 2013. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy of the Department of the Army, the Department of the Navy, the Department of the Air Force, the Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD FEB PY 2015 VL 137 IS 2 BP 702 EP 713 DI 10.1121/1.4906167 PG 12 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA CC0KO UT WOS:000350024600032 PM 25698005 ER PT J AU Wall, AT Gee, KL Neilsen, TB AF Wall, Alan T. Gee, Kent L. Neilsen, Tracianne B. TI Multisource statistically optimized near-field acoustical holography SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID LEAST-SQUARES METHOD; RECONSTRUCTION; RADIATION; NOISE; REGULARIZATION; SUPERPOSITION AB This paper presents a reduced-order approach to near-field acoustical holography (NAH) that allows the user to account for sound fields generated by multiple spatially separated sources. In this method, an equivalent wave model (EWM) of a given field is formulated to include combinations of planar, cylindrical, spherical, or other elementary wave functions in contrast to an EWM restricted to a single separable coordinate system. This can alleviate the need for higher-order functions, reduce the number of measurements, and decrease error. The statistically optimized near-field acoustical holography (SONAH) algorithm is utilized to perform the NAH projection after the formulation of the multisource EWM. The combined process is called multisource statistically optimized near-field acoustical holography (M-SONAH). This method is used to reconstruct simulated sound fields generated by combinations of a vibrating piston in a sphere and linear arrays of monopole sources. It is shown that M-SONAH can reconstruct near-field pressures in multisource environments with lower errors and fewer measurements than a strictly plane or cylindrical-wave formulation using the same simulated measurement. (C) 2015 Acoustical Society of America. C1 [Wall, Alan T.; Gee, Kent L.; Neilsen, Tracianne B.] Brigham Young Univ, Eyring Sci Ctr N243, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RP Wall, AT (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Battlespace Acoust Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM alantwall@gmail.com FU U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Warfighter Interface Division, Battlespace Acoustics FX The authors would like to thank Michael B. Muhlestein for his insightful contributions. A.T.W. was funded in part by an appointment to the Student Research Participation Program at U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Warfighter Interface Division, Battlespace Acoustics administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and USAFRL. NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD FEB PY 2015 VL 137 IS 2 BP 963 EP 975 DI 10.1121/1.4906585 PG 13 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA CC0KO UT WOS:000350024600055 PM 25698028 ER PT J AU Drachuk, I Calabrese, R Harbaugh, S Kelley-Loughnane, N Kaplan, DL Stone, M Tsukruk, VV AF Drachuk, Irina Calabrese, Rossella Harbaugh, Svetlana Kelley-Loughnane, Nancy Kaplan, David L. Stone, Morley Tsukruk, Vladimir V. TI Silk Macromolecules with Amino Acid Poly(Ethylene Glycol) Grafts for Controlling Layer-by-Layer Encapsulation and Aggregation of Recombinant Bacterial Cells SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE brush silk polyelectrolytes; layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly; bacterial cells; hydrogen bonded shells ID LIVING CELLS; POLYELECTROLYTE MULTILAYERS; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; SYNTHETIC RIBOSWITCHES; IONOMER MICROCAPSULES; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; GENE-EXPRESSION; FILMS; FIBROIN; FUNCTIONALIZATION AB This study introduces double-brush designs of functionalized silk polyelectrolytes based upon regenerated silk fibroin (SF), which is modified with poly-l-lysine (SF-PLL), poly-l-glutamic acid (SF-PGA), and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) side chains with different grafting architecture and variable amino acid-PEG graft composition for cell encapsulation. The molecular weight of poly amino acids (length of side chains), molecular weight and degree of PEG grafting (D) were varied in order to assess the formation of cytocompatible and robust layer-by-layer (LbL) shells on two types of bacterial cells (Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria). We observed that shells assembled with charged polycationic amino acids adversely effected the properties of microbial cells while promoting the formation of large cell aggregates. In contrast, hydrogen-bonded shells with high PEG grafting density were the most cytocompatible, while promoting formation of stable colloidal suspensions of individual cell encapsulates. The stability to degradation of silk shells (under standard cell incubation procedure) was related to the intrinsic properties of thermodynamic bonding forces, with shells based on electrostatic interactions having stronger resistance to deterioration compared to pure hydrogen-bonded silk shells. By optimizing the charge density of silk polyelectrolytes brushes, as well as the length and the degree of PEG side grafts, robust and cytocompatible cell coatings were engineered that can control aggregation of cells for biosensor devices and other potential biomedical applications. C1 [Drachuk, Irina; Tsukruk, Vladimir V.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Calabrese, Rossella; Kaplan, David L.] Tufts Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Medford, MA 02155 USA. [Harbaugh, Svetlana; Kelley-Loughnane, Nancy; Stone, Morley] US Air Force, Res Lab, Directorate Human Effectiveness, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Tsukruk, VV (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM vladimir@mse.gatech.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-14-1-0269, FA9550-09-1-0162]; NSF [CBET-1402712] FX The study was supported by grants FA9550-14-1-0269 and FA9550-09-1-0162 (BIONIC Center) from Air Force Office of Scientific Research and NSF CBET-1402712. We acknowledge Dr. O. Shchepelina for synthesis of some PEG graft polymers, Dr. P. Ledin for the help with chemical structure drawings, Ren Geryak for valuable discussion, and Rachael McGuire for help with cell encapsulation. TEM images: were obtained by P. F. Lloyd (UES, Inc.). NR 88 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 15 U2 108 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 EI 1936-086X J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD FEB PY 2015 VL 9 IS 2 BP 1219 EP 1235 DI 10.1021/nn504890z PG 17 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA CB9GR UT WOS:000349940500019 PM 25588116 ER PT J AU Crafton, J Forlines, A Palluconi, S Hsu, KY Carter, C Gruber, M AF Crafton, Jim Forlines, Alan Palluconi, Steve Hsu, Kuang-Yu Carter, Campbell Gruber, Mark TI Investigation of transverse jet injections in a supersonic crossflow using fast-responding pressure-sensitive paint SO EXPERIMENTS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE AB Traditional pressure-sensitive paint (PSP) systems can provide data with high spatial resolution; however, the bandwidth is limited to a few Hz by the response time of the paint. Fast-responding paints have demonstrated response times of up to 100 kHz. Ultra-bright LEDs and fast-framing cameras combined with a porous polymer PSP can be used to produce a system capable of both high spatial resolution and high temporal bandwidth. Measurements of mean and unsteady pressure have been acquired on an experimental setup composed of a Mach-2 channel flow with transverse jet injection. The unsteady pressure data clearly resolve structures not present in the mean pressure data, including multiple lambda shocks upstream of a strong bow shock, high-frequency perturbations in the location of these shocks, and significant deformations of the bow shock structure. Time series of data can be extracted at each pixel, and the spectral content and phase relationship of the flow can be presented as maps of pressure fluctuations at specific frequencies or as correlation coefficients between a control point and the remaining flow. This type of map can be created using arrays of fast pressure transducers; here, we present data representing an array of over 26,000 fast pressure transducers. C1 [Crafton, Jim; Forlines, Alan; Palluconi, Steve; Hsu, Kuang-Yu] Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45459 USA. [Carter, Campbell; Gruber, Mark] US Air Force, Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. RP Crafton, J (reprint author), Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45459 USA. EM jwcrafton@innssi.com FU AFRL/RQH; Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) FX This work was supported by AFRL/RQH and by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR). The authors would like to thank the staff of Research Cell 19 for their support. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0723-4864 EI 1432-1114 J9 EXP FLUIDS JI Exp. Fluids PD FEB PY 2015 VL 56 IS 2 AR 27 DI 10.1007/s00348-014-1877-3 PG 15 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA CB4WW UT WOS:000349630100002 ER PT J AU Forliti, DJ Salazar, DV Bishop, AJ AF Forliti, D. J. Salazar, D. V. Bishop, A. J. TI Physics-based scaling laws for confined and unconfined transverse jets SO EXPERIMENTS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID SUBSONIC CROSS-FLOW; TURBULENT JET; MULTIPLE JETS; ROUND JET; ENTRAINMENT; VELOCITY; SCALAR; FLAMES; MODEL AB An experimental study was conducted to explore the mixing properties of single and multiple confined transverse jets. A new physics-based scaling law variable was developed based on unconfined transverse jet trajectories. This variable accounts for both entrainment and drag momentum transport mechanisms that cause the jet deflection. The utility of this parameter under confined conditions was considered. It was observed that this new scaling parameter does correlate both qualitative and quantitative measures of the mean mixture properties, in particular prior to any jet-wall interactions. It was found that no local optimum mixing condition was present for two and three jets. For six jets, the behavior changed dramatically, with the emergence of a local optimum mixing state that is consistent with previous data collected for gas turbine geometries (Holdeman in Prog Energy Combust Sci 19:31-70, 1993). It is apparent that the local optimum observed for six jets involves jet penetration to a finite radial position while spreading in the cross plane, leading to the jets blending together resulting in a highly uniform mean mixture fraction distribution. When the number of jets is three or less, this blending process cannot occur due to the excessive distance between the jets. Jet impaction at the pipe center facilitates mixing for two and three jets, while degrading uniformity for six jets. C1 [Forliti, D. J.; Salazar, D. V.] Sierra Lobo Inc, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. [Bishop, A. J.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. RP Forliti, DJ (reprint author), Sierra Lobo Inc, 10 East Saturn Blvd, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. EM forliti@gmail.com NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0723-4864 EI 1432-1114 J9 EXP FLUIDS JI Exp. Fluids PD FEB PY 2015 VL 56 IS 2 AR 36 DI 10.1007/s00348-014-1888-0 PG 16 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA CB4WW UT WOS:000349630100005 ER PT J AU Braverman, MT Hoogesteger, LA Johnson, JA AF Braverman, Marc T. Hoogesteger, Lisa A. Johnson, Jessica A. TI Predictors of support among students, faculty and staff for a smoke-free university campus SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Smoking; Tobacco; Universities; Smoke-free policy; Environmental tobacco smoke ID TOBACCO CONTROL POLICIES; COLLEGE-STUDENTS; POSTSECONDARY INSTITUTIONS; SECONDHAND SMOKE; ALCOHOL-USE; EXPOSURE; ATTITUDES; INTERVENTION; PREVALENCE; INDUSTRY AB Objectives. Students, faculty, and staff at a Pacific Northwest public university were surveyed one year after enactment of a smoke-free campus policy. Objectives were to assess levels of support for a smoke-free campus, ascertain exposure levels to outdoor tobacco smoke, and identify correlates of policy support. Method. A 2013 Web-based survey included 5691 students (response rate 26%) and 2051 faculty/staff (response rate 43%). Measures included support for a smoke-free campus, smoking status, exposure to second-hand smoke, and perceptions of levels of policy support and campus smoking. Logistic regression was used to examine predictors of support. Results. Seventy-two percent of students and 77% of faculty/staff supported a smoke-free campus. Respondents reported limited exposure to smoke near building entrances, but exposure near campus boundaries was reported by majorities of students (77%) and faculty/staff (55%). Predictors of students' policy support included never-smoker status, perceived support by peers, perceived student smoking prevalence, campus smoke exposure, and female gender, among others. Predictors of faculty/staff support included never-smoker status, perceived policy support by students and peers, campus smoke exposure, female gender, and age. Conclusion. Students, faculty, and staff were strongly supportive of the existing smoke-free campus policy. However, the policy led to smoking activity shifting to the campus periphery. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Braverman, Marc T.] Oregon State Univ, Sch Social & Behav Hlth Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Hoogesteger, Lisa A.] Oregon State Univ, Off Hlth Campus Initiat, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Johnson, Jessica A.] Nellis Family Med Clin Invest Programs, Nellis AFB, NV 89191 USA. RP Braverman, MT (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Sch Social & Behav Hlth Sci, 105-G Ballard Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM marc.braverman@oregonstate.edu; lisa.hoogesteger@oregonstate.edu; jessicajohnson.68.ctr@us.af.mil NR 37 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 EI 1096-0260 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD FEB PY 2015 VL 71 BP 114 EP 120 DI 10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.12.018 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA CB6NL UT WOS:000349743600022 PM 25542670 ER PT J AU Gobal, K Grandhi, RV Kolonay, RM AF Gobal, Koorosh Grandhi, Ramana V. Kolonay, Raymond M. TI Continuum Sensitivity Analysis for Structural Shape Design Variables Using Finite-Volume Method SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th AIAA Multidisciplinary Design Optimization Conference CY JAN 13-17, 2014 CL National Harbor, MD SP AIAA ID AERODYNAMIC OPTIMIZATION; MESH MOVEMENT; ADJOINT; DERIVATIVES; ALGORITHM AB Two of the most important requirements when using gradient-based optimization for fluid-structure interaction problems are efficiency and accuracy in calculating the sensitivities. As a result, analytical continuum sensitivity formulations are finding their place due to their lower cost and accuracy. However, the necessary computation of mesh sensitivities in shape optimization is becoming a bottleneck, especially when handling complex geometries. In this research, an algorithm based on continuum sensitivity analysis for structural shape design variables is developed. In the proposed method, regularized Heaviside functions are used to modify the properties of mesh cells. Therefore, mesh dependency is removed from the sensitivity equations. This method does not require moving or modifying the mesh to handle the shape changes. This method is applied to two different validation cases where continuum sensitivity equations are formulated and solved. Validation cases are selected as a structural and thermal problem to show the applicability of this method for different physics. The results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed algorithm for design-optimization framework. C1 [Gobal, Koorosh; Grandhi, Ramana V.] Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Kolonay, Raymond M.] US Air Force Res Lab, Multidisciplinary Sci & Technol Center, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Gobal, K (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM gobal.2@wright.edu NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 EI 1533-385X J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD FEB PY 2015 VL 53 IS 2 BP 347 EP 355 DI 10.2514/1.J053146 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA CB1DA UT WOS:000349365700006 ER PT J AU Shamberger, PJ O'Malley, MJ AF Shamberger, Patrick J. O'Malley, Matthew J. TI Heterogeneous nucleation of thermal storage material LiNO3 center dot 3H(2)O from stable lattice-matched nucleation catalysts SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Nucleation of phase transformations; Crystallization; Undercooling; Heteroepitaxy ID DATABASE; DIFFRACTION; NITRATES; ALLOYS; COPPER AB Promoting heterogeneous nucleation in liquid to solid phase transformations decreases undercooling (Delta T) and can dramatically alter the microstructure of a material. However, the design of material-specific nucleation catalysts remains non-trivial, especially for phases with complex structures. Here, we investigate heterogeneous nucleation in the technologically important thermal energy storage material LiNO3 center dot 3H(2)O (LNH), and demonstrate a close correlation of Delta T with lattice mismatch between planes of closely packed coordination polyhedra in a number of potential nucleation catalysts. This result supports extending the planar matching model for nucleation catalyst design to more complex structures by focusing on lattice matching of planes containing closely packed coordination polyhedra. In particular, Cu-3(OH)(5)(NO3)center dot 2(H2O) (CHNH) has a lattice mismatch of delta a = -0.03, delta c = -0.01 for the orientation (0 1 0)(LNH)||(1 0 0)(CHNH) and [1 0 0](LNH)||[0 1 0](CHNH), and decreases Delta T by up to 66% over previously known catalyst phases. CHNH has a layered structure which delaminates along (1 0 0)(CHNH), maximizing the number of potential nucleation sites for LNH along this lattice-matched plane and potentially contributing to the nucleation catalyst activity of this phase. Mixtures of LNH/CHNH are quite stable despite large numbers of cycles (N > 900 cycles), and aging at elevated temperature for extended periods of time (t > 250 days). (C) 2014 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Shamberger, Patrick J.] Texas A&M Univ, Dwight Look Coll Engn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [O'Malley, Matthew J.] Air Force Res Lab, Composites Branch, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Shamberger, PJ (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dwight Look Coll Engn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM patrick.shamberger@tamu.edu RI Shamberger, Patrick/C-4795-2014 OI Shamberger, Patrick/0000-0002-8737-6064 FU Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate FX The authors thank the Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, for providing necessary financial support to carry out the present work. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 EI 1873-2453 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD FEB 1 PY 2015 VL 84 BP 265 EP 274 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2014.10.051 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA CA1RC UT WOS:000348688300024 ER PT J AU Guo, LL Deng, H Himed, B Ma, T Geng, Z AF Guo, Lilin Deng, Hai Himed, Braham Ma, Tan Geng, Zhe TI Waveform Optimization for Transmit Beamforming With MIMO Radar Antenna Arrays SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE Antenna array; optimization algorithm; phased arrays; transmit beamforming; waveform design ID PATTERN SYNTHESIS; CLUTTER; INFORMATION; ALGORITHMS; SYSTEMS; DESIGN; TARGET AB For coherent MIMO radar the optimal target signal processing can be achieved for any transmitted waveforms or radiation beam pattern, making transmit beamforming through waveform design possible without degrading target detection performance. In this work, an innovative waveform optimization approach termed phase-only variable metric method (POVMM) is proposed for coherent MIMO radar waveform design to form a desired transmit beam pattern such as one with radiation nulls in certain directions. The waveform design is carried out by minimizing the radiation powers of the MIMO radar antenna in the selected directions with optimization variables constrained to the waveform phases only. The gradient function of the cost function with regard to waveform phases is analytically derived for the optimization and the POVMM is developed based on the variable metric methods with a flexible search step sizing strategy for improving optimization efficiency. The proposed approach is validated with various designs and simulations. C1 [Guo, Lilin; Deng, Hai; Ma, Tan; Geng, Zhe] Florida Int Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Miami, FL 33174 USA. [Himed, Braham] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Guo, LL (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Miami, FL 33174 USA. EM hai.deng@fiu.edu RI Ma, Tan/H-7040-2016; OI Geng, Zhe/0000-0002-5440-3556 FU Defense Engineering Corporation (DEC); Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-12-D-1376]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [AST-1443909]; FIU Presidential Fellowship FX The work of H. Deng was supported in part by a subcontract with Defense Engineering Corporation (DEC) for research sponsored by the Air Force Research Laboratory under Contract FA8650-12-D-1376 and by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under Award AST-1443909. The work of Z. Geng was supported by the FIU Presidential Fellowship. NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 13 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-926X EI 1558-2221 J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD FEB PY 2015 VL 63 IS 2 BP 543 EP 552 DI 10.1109/TAP.2014.2382637 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA CA8IQ UT WOS:000349162400011 ER PT J AU Zeng, W Larsen, JM Liu, GR AF Zeng, W. Larsen, J. M. Liu, G. R. TI Smoothing technique based crystal plasticity finite element modeling of crystalline materials SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY LA English DT Article DE Crystal plasticity; Smoothed finite element method; Finite strain; Constitutive behaviour; Polycrystalline material ID DUCTILE SINGLE-CRYSTALS; SOLID MECHANICS PROBLEMS; POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIALS; ES-FEM; CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC TEXTURE; ELASTOPLASTIC CRYSTALS; CONSTITUTIVE RELATIONS; LOCALIZED DEFORMATION; SLIP SYSTEMS; FCC METALS AB The smoothed finite element method (S-FEM) is known for its outstanding performance for solid mechanics problems, and working effectively with triangular or tetrahedral mesh that can be generated automatically for complicated geometries. In this work, a framework of S-FEM for modeling anisotropic crystalline plasticity is presented to simulate the mechanical behavior with rate-independence. The strain smoothing technique is extended to deal with finite strains in a nonlinear incremental integration procedure based on the Newton-Raphson scheme. The constitutive model utilizes a hyperelastic-based multiplicative plasticity method, which involves a local multiplicative decomposition of the deformation gradient into an elastic and a plastic part. The stress updates for a planar double-slip model exploit the return-mapping method with exponential map algorithm. The capability of the simulations to capture the strain localization and to handle plastic incompressibility of single crystal are demonstrated in representative examples. The proposed formulations and algorithms are also implemented to explore the mesoscopic and macroscopic elasto-plastic behavior of polycrystalline aggregates through modeling the synthetic microstructure constructed by Voronoi tessellation technique. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zeng, W.; Liu, G. R.] Univ Cincinnati, CEAS, Sch Aerosp Syst, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Larsen, J. M.] US Air Force, Res Lab, AFRL RK, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Zeng, W (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, CEAS, Sch Aerosp Syst, 2851 Woodside Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM zengwe@mail.uc.edu OI /0000-0001-8473-9299 FU US NSF Grant [1214188]; Summer Faculty Fellowship Program (SFFP) at the US Wright-Patterson Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) FX The senior author G.R. Liu would like to thank partial funding for his time from: (1) US NSF Grant under the award No. 1214188; and (2) Summer Faculty Fellowship Program (SFFP) at the US Wright-Patterson Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), under the supervision of Dr. James Larson. NR 109 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 22 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0749-6419 EI 1879-2154 J9 INT J PLASTICITY JI Int. J. Plast. PD FEB PY 2015 VL 65 BP 250 EP 268 DI 10.1016/j.ijplas.2014.09.007 PG 19 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA CA5OP UT WOS:000348958000014 ER PT J AU Sajo, E Wallace, W Lumley, A Heimbuch, B Donahue, K Nielsen, B Owens, J Wander, J AF Sajo, Erno Wallace, William Lumley, April Heimbuch, Brian Donahue, Kristian Nielsen, Bruce Owens, Jeffery Wander, Joseph TI Capture of aerosolized spores from air streams impinging onto fabrics SO JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Aerosol; Airlock; Boundary layer; Deposition; Modeling; Spores ID DEPOSITION; RECOVERY; SURFACES; DRY AB The zero-volume airlock concept minimizes the volume of air in and transiting through the airlock by effusing air from the clean area through spaces between deformable air bladders. An individual transiting through the airlock into a shelter displaces the bladders and creates ephemeral regions of varying dimensions and air velocities, which affect deposition and reaerosolization of particles. Properties of the aerosols and bladder surfaces are also influences, so the airlock may be treated to shed or retain particles and possibly to promote decontamination of them; the uniform material determines the protection from or exposure to these particles that the wearer experiences. To initiate evolution of a predictive computational model for the deposition and disposition of airborne particles in an airlock, this study presents measurements of deposition rates of Bacillus atrophaeus spores, a common simulant for anthrax spores, on a variety of fabrics as a function of airspeed and angle of incidence at similar to 22 degrees C and similar to 55% RH in a laboratory-scale aerosol tunnel. A computational model using inert surface properties consistently underpredicted experimental results by a factor of 2-10, suggesting that the variation in results across the test panel can be exploited to generate empirical parameters that can be substituted into the model to improve its predictive capability. Factors and possible approaches to computational descriptions are considered. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Sajo, Erno] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. [Wallace, William; Lumley, April; Heimbuch, Brian] Appl Res Associates Inc, Panama City, FL 32401 USA. [Donahue, Kristian] US Army, RDECOM, Natick, MA 01760 USA. [Nielsen, Bruce] Air Force Res Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. [Owens, Jeffery; Wander, Joseph] Air Force Civil Engineer Ctr, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. RP Wander, J (reprint author), Air Force Civil Engineer Ctr, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. EM joseph.wander@us.af.mil FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency [CA08PRO0002] FX The authors thank Warwick Mills for providing the test fabrics via the Army Natick Soldier RD&E Center, Karen Farrington for the high-magnification EM images, and the Defense Threat Reduction Agency for funding this effort as part of Project CA08PRO0002, Reactive Airlock Technologies for Collective Protection Applications. The literature searches that support this effort were performed by staff of the Technical Information Center at Tyndall AFB, for whose assistance we are greatly appreciative. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8502 EI 1879-1964 J9 J AEROSOL SCI JI J. Aerosol. Sci. PD FEB PY 2015 VL 80 BP 75 EP 85 DI 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2014.10.010 PG 11 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CA8TD UT WOS:000349192900006 ER PT J AU Heidler, JT AF Heidler, Jeanne T. TI Andrew Jackson, Southerner. SO JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Heidler, Jeanne T.] US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Heidler, JT (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHERN HISTORICAL ASSOC PI ATHENS PA UNIV GEORGIA, HISTORY DEPT, ATHENS, GA 30602 USA SN 0022-4642 EI 2325-6893 J9 J SOUTHERN HIST JI J. South. Hist. PD FEB PY 2015 VL 81 IS 1 BP 183 EP 184 PG 2 WC History SC History GA CA5SS UT WOS:000348968700024 ER PT J AU Pustovit, V Capolino, F Aradian, A AF Pustovit, Vitaliy Capolino, Filippo Aradian, Ashod TI Cooperative plasmon-mediated effects and loss compensation by gain dyes near a metal nanoparticle SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SPASER AB We present the first unified theory, to the best of our knowledge, of the response of a plasmonic nanosphere (NS) assisted by optical gain media, in the case of a NS coated with a layer of optically active dipolar dyes. We obtain the optical coherent response of the core-shell aggregate in terms of its equivalent polarizability composed of the direct response from the NS and the contribution arising from the cooperative coupling between dyes and surface plasmons of the NS. We identify a mechanism of superradiance-like plasmonic aggregate cooperative emission similar to the conventional Dicke effect with reduced intraband relaxation bandwidth due to the loss compensation in the system. The analysis of the aggregate resonances based on the system eigenvalues provides physical insight into the total loss compensation mechanism and resonance frequency shifts. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America C1 [Pustovit, Vitaliy; Aradian, Ashod] CNRS, Ctr Rech Paul Pascal, F-33600 Pessac, France. [Pustovit, Vitaliy] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Capolino, Filippo] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RP Pustovit, V (reprint author), CNRS, Ctr Rech Paul Pascal, Ave A Schweitzer, F-33600 Pessac, France. EM pustovit@icnanotox.org FU LabEx AMADEus in the framework of IdEx Bordeaux, France [ANR-10-LABX-42, ANR-10-IDEX-03-02] FX This research was performed while the first author held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the Air Force Research Laboratory. This work was supported by the LabEx AMADEus (ANR-10-LABX-42) in the framework of IdEx Bordeaux (ANR-10-IDEX-03-02), France. We also acknowledge Dr. A. Chipouline from the University of Jena, and S. Campione and F. Tork Ladani, from the University of California, Irvine, for fruitful discussions. NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 31 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 EI 1520-8540 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD FEB PY 2015 VL 32 IS 2 BP 188 EP 193 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.32.000188 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA CB0AY UT WOS:000349288300001 ER PT J AU Hall, R Gajendran, H Masud, A AF Hall, R. Gajendran, H. Masud, A. TI Diffusion of chemically reacting fluids through nonlinear elastic solids: mixture model and stabilized methods SO MATHEMATICS AND MECHANICS OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE Mixture theory; oxidation; slurry infiltration; stabilized method; variational multiscale method; PMR-15 resin ID FINITE-ELEMENT FORMULATION; NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS; THERMODYNAMIC FRAMEWORK; COMPOSITES; OXIDATION; FLOWS AB This paper presents a stabilized mixed finite element method for advection-diffusion-reaction phenomena that involve an anisotropic viscous fluid diffusing and chemically reacting with an anisotropic elastic solid. The reactive fluid-solid mixture theory of Hall and Rajagopal (Diffusion of a fluid through an anisotropically chemically reacting thermoelastic body within the context of mixture theory. Math Mech Solid 2012; 17: 131-164) is employed wherein energy and entropy production relations are captured via an equation describing the Lagrange multiplier that results from imposing the constraint of maximum rate of entropy production. The primary partial differential equations are thus reduced to the balance of mass and balance of linear momentum equations for the fluid and the solid, together with an equation for the Lagrange multiplier. Present implementation considers a simplification of the full system of governing equations in the context of isothermal problems, although anisothermal studies are being investigated. The method is applied to problems involving Fickian diffusion, oxidation of PMR-15 polyimide resin, and slurry infiltration, within a one-dimensional finite element context. Results of the oxidation modeling of Tandon et al. (Modeling of oxidative development in PMR-15 resin. Polym Degrad Stab 2006; 91: 1861-1869) are recovered by employing the reaction kinetics model and properties assumed there; the only additional assumed properties are two constants describing coupled chemomechanical and purely chemical dissipation, and standard values for viscosity of air and PMR-15 stiffness properties. The present model provides the individual constituent kinematic and kinetic behaviors, thus adding rich detail to the interpretation of the process in comparison to the original treatment. The last problem considered is slurry infiltration that demonstrates the applicability of the model to account for the imposed mass deposition process and consequent effects on the kinematic and kinetic behaviors of the constituents. C1 [Hall, R.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Gajendran, H.; Masud, A.] Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Masud, A (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 205 North Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM amasud@illinois.edu FU AFRL [FA8650-13-C-5214] FX Partial support for this work was provided by AFRL under Contract No. FA8650-13-C-5214. This support is gratefully acknowledged. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 8 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1081-2865 EI 1741-3028 J9 MATH MECH SOLIDS JI Math. Mech. Solids PD FEB PY 2015 VL 20 IS 2 SI SI BP 204 EP 227 DI 10.1177/1081286514544852 PG 24 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Materials Science; Mathematics; Mechanics GA CA4DU UT WOS:000348855300006 ER PT J AU Hall, RB AF Hall, Richard B. TI A mixture-compatible theory of chemothermal deposition and expansion in n-constituent finitely deforming composite materials with initially circularly cylindrical microstructures SO MATHEMATICS AND MECHANICS OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE Mixture theory; composite; finite deformation; microstructure; cylindrical; chemical; thermal; deposition; growth; recession ID THERMAL-EXPANSION; MODEL; COEFFICIENTS; DIFFUSION; ENERGY; FIELD AB A multiscale approach to growth and recession is adopted that is compatible with the theory of mixtures. The growth may result from chemical reactions or infiltrations, or combinations thereof. The emphasis of the work is on the construction of approximate constituent elastic deformation gradients, associated with an arbitrary overall deformation, that reflect an initially circularly cylindrical geometry relative to which growth occurs. A decomposition of the deformation into cylindrical and non-cylindrical parts is employed. A cylindrically symmetric reference configuration for a given constituent is adopted in which chemical growth, chemothermal (and/or equivalently moisture) expansion, and appearance or disappearance of the constituent may occur; the reference configuration of a constituent thus possesses evolving spatial dimensions but fixed geometric and material symmetries. The traditional composite micromechanics assumption of common radial stress is adopted, in combination with the assumptions of either common axial deformation rate or common axial deformation, for the cylindrical component of deformation. Elastic deformations of constituents are obtained through comparison, of the actual deformation, to the assumed stress-free deposition configurations and subsequent chemothermal stress-free expansions. The requirement that the local and homogenized cylindrical deformations (or rates) match in the axial and outermost radial directions is used to define a homogenized non-cylindrical component that is applied across the local constituents to couple the cylindrical deformation to the overall deformation. The general objective of the study may be stated as incorporating ordered microstructure-based stresses incorporating growth, chemothermal expansion, inhomogeneous natural states, and applied deformations into a mixture theory-compatible framework to provide an important refinement to the assessments of constituent states. The model is intended to enable a new efficiency of multiscale representation in the modeling of composite materials with evolving microstructures, considering both manufacturing processes and environmental influences. C1 Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hall, RB (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXCC Bldg 654, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM richard.hall.16@us.af.mil FU Air Force Research Laboratory FX The author appreciates support from Air Force Research Laboratory. NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1081-2865 EI 1741-3028 J9 MATH MECH SOLIDS JI Math. Mech. Solids PD FEB PY 2015 VL 20 IS 2 SI SI BP 228 EP 248 DI 10.1177/1081286514544853 PG 21 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Materials Science; Mathematics; Mechanics GA CA4DU UT WOS:000348855300007 ER PT J AU Bostani, M Mueller, JW McMillan, K Cody, DD Cagnon, CH DeMarco, JJ McNitt-Gray, MF AF Bostani, Maryam Mueller, Jonathon W. McMillan, Kyle Cody, Dianna D. Cagnon, Chris H. DeMarco, John J. McNitt-Gray, Michael F. TI Accuracy of Monte Carlo simulations compared to in-vivo MDCT dosimetry SO MEDICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Monte Carlo; in vivo; radiation dose; dosimetry; validation; TLD; VC; MDCT ID MULTISLICE COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; TUBE CURRENT MODULATION; MULTIDETECTOR CT; RADIATION-EXPOSURE; ANTHROPOMORPHIC PHANTOMS; DOSE CALCULATIONS; PATIENT EXPOSURE; ORGAN; FEASIBILITY; MODELS AB Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy of a Monte Carlo simulation-based method for estimating radiation dose from multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) by comparing simulated doses in ten patients to in-vivo dose measurements. Methods: MD Anderson Cancer Center Institutional Review Board approved the acquisition of in-vivo rectal dose measurements in a pilot study of ten patients undergoing virtual colonoscopy. The dose measurements were obtained by affixing TLD capsules to the inner lumen of rectal catheters. Voxelized patient models were generated from the MDCT images of the ten patients, and the dose to the TLD for all exposures was estimated using Monte Carlo based simulations. The Monte Carlo simulation results were compared to the in-vivo dose measurements to determine accuracy. Results: The calculated mean percent difference between TLD measurements and Monte Carlo simulations was -4.9% with standard deviation of 8.7% and a range of -22.7% to 5.7%. Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrate very good agreement between simulated and measured doses in-vivo. Taken together with previous validation efforts, this work demonstrates that the Monte Carlo simulation methods can provide accurate estimates of radiation dose in patients undergoing CT examinations. (C) 2015 American Association of Physicists in Medicine. C1 [Bostani, Maryam; McMillan, Kyle; Cagnon, Chris H.; DeMarco, John J.; McNitt-Gray, Michael F.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Biomed Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Bostani, Maryam; McMillan, Kyle; Cagnon, Chris H.; DeMarco, John J.; McNitt-Gray, Michael F.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Radiol, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Mueller, Jonathon W.] United States Air Force, Biloxi, MS 39534 USA. [Cody, Dianna D.] Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Bostani, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Biomed Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. EM mbostani@mednet.ucla.edu NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0094-2405 J9 MED PHYS JI Med. Phys. PD FEB PY 2015 VL 42 IS 2 BP 1080 EP 1086 DI 10.1118/1.4906178 PG 7 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA CA9GJ UT WOS:000349229600054 PM 25652520 ER PT J AU Shia, RM Hagen, JA McIntire, LK Goodyear, CD Dykstra, LN Narayanan, L AF Shia, Regina M. Hagen, Josh A. McIntire, Lindsey K. Goodyear, Chuck D. Dykstra, Leanne N. Narayanan, Latha TI Individual Differences in Biophysiological Toughness: Sustaining Working Memory During Physical Exhaustion SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE-SULFATE; PLASMA DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE; OBJECTIVE PERFORMANCE; COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT; DOUBLE-BLIND; STRESS; DHEA; CORTISOL; BRAIN; CORTICOSTERONE AB Recent evidence suggests that increased dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), in combination with decreased cortisol levels have been correlated with enhanced performance outcomes in stressful military environments. This study was implemented to replicate these findings in a group of active duty Air Force members to provide information on the usefulness of these biomarkers indices in the training and operational environment. Seventeen active duty males participated in the 4 sessions of this study. Sessions 1 and 2 were training days for the cognitive testing. Session 3 was a baseline measure of physical fitness, utilizing the VO2 Maximal Treadmill test. Session 4 was centered around a modified-Astrand treadmill protocol designed to induce physical exhaustion. Blood draws for biomarker analysis, cognitive testing (NovaScan), psychomotor vigilance, and physiological measures were collected before, during, and following the treadmill protocol. Results showed that prolonged increases in cortisol negatively correlate with working memory performance. DHEAS release from baseline to poststress was negatively related to the changes in cortisol for 20 minutes following stress. These results indicate that the ratio of DHEAS to cortisol buffers, the effect of cortisol increases that are related to poor working memory performance because of physical exhaustion. C1 [Shia, Regina M.; Hagen, Josh A.] Air Force Res Lab, Warfighter Interface Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Shia, Regina M.; Hagen, Josh A.] Air Force Res Lab, Appl Neurosci Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [McIntire, Lindsey K.; Goodyear, Chuck D.] Infoscitex Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Dykstra, Leanne N.] Southwestern Ohio Council Higher Educ, Dayton, OH 45420 USA. [Narayanan, Latha] Henry M Jackson Fdn Adv Mil Med, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Shia, RM (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Warfighter Interface Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. FU Air Force Research Laboratory "Venture Fund" program FX We would like to acknowledge The Medical and Laboratory Technicians who participated in this study. The research could not have been collected without the support of the following individuals: Maj Dawn Russell, TSgt Bethany Repp, TSgt Andrew Jimenez, SSgt Misty Hobbs, TSgt Lacey Johnson, SSgt William Raybon, and TSgt Lisa Thrasher. The work contained in the manuscript was funded under an internal Air Force Research Laboratory "Venture Fund" program. This effort is a collaboration between the Human Effectiveness Directorate and the Materials and Manufacturing Directorate. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 EI 1930-613X J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD FEB PY 2015 VL 180 IS 2 BP 230 EP 236 DI 10.7205/MILMED-D-14-00363 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA CA7MR UT WOS:000349101900017 PM 25643392 ER PT J AU Vazquez, AJ Erwin, RS AF Vazquez, Antonio J. Erwin, R. Scott TI On the tractability of satellite range scheduling SO OPTIMIZATION LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Scheduling algorithm; Earth observation satellite; Ground station network ID ALGORITHMS AB Scheduling of contacts between several satellites and ground stations has been historically sub-optimally approached. This fact raises the question: can this problem be solved in polynomial time? Although existing literature provided optimal solutions for some simplified versions of this problem and studied some connections with general scheduling, few has been said on the complexity of more general cases. We formally characterize the complexity of the satellite scheduling problem, and provide the sufficient conditions for polynomial time solvability. We back up these results with a survey on several problem instances covering existing and new connections between these problems and those from general scheduling, which allow us to formally define how satellite scheduling relates to general scheduling. To the best of our knowledge, this is the most extensive characterization of satellite range scheduling, covering its definition, complexity and connections to general scheduling. C1 [Vazquez, Antonio J.] CNR, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Erwin, R. Scott] AFRL RVSV, Space Vehicles Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. RP Vazquez, AJ (reprint author), CNR, Albuquerque, NM USA. EM ajvazquez.teleco@gmail.com FU National Research Council FX This research was performed while the author held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL). We thank Configurable Space Microsystems Innovations & Applications Center (COSMIAC, www.cosmiac.org) for the infrastructure support during this research, and we also thank two anonymous reviewers whose comments helped to improve the manuscript. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1862-4472 EI 1862-4480 J9 OPTIM LETT JI Optim. Lett. PD FEB PY 2015 VL 9 IS 2 BP 311 EP 327 DI 10.1007/s11590-014-0744-8 PG 17 WC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA CA5BY UT WOS:000348923800006 ER PT J AU Gravette, MA Barker, K AF Gravette, Mary A. Barker, Kash TI Achieved availability importance measure for enhancing reliability-centered maintenance decisions SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART O-JOURNAL OF RISK AND RELIABILITY LA English DT Article DE Achieved availability; reliability-centered maintenance; component importance measure; inspections AB An effective defense strategy requires aircraft, among other weapons systems, to be available and ready for use when circumstances deem necessary. This article offers a set of importance measures to identify the critical components in a system from their influence on system-achieved availability, a common Department of Defense availability calculation that is a ratio of mean time between maintenance and total system time, including mean maintenance time. With these measures, more effective maintenance plans, including inspection and supply inventory, can focus on those components that more significantly impact achieved availability. A decision-making formulation results from these component importance measures, and an example based on a US Air Force system illustrates the modeling contributions. C1 [Gravette, Mary A.] Tinker AFB, Oklahoma City, OK USA. [Barker, Kash] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Ind & Syst Engn, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Barker, K (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Ind & Syst Engn, 202 W Boyd St,Rm 124, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM kashbarker@ou.edu FU Naval Postgraduate School Assistance Grant [N00244-14-1-0027]; NAVSUP Fleet Logistics Center San Diego; US Air Force FX This publication results from research supported by the Naval Postgraduate School Assistance Grant/Agreement No. N00244-14-1-0027 awarded by the NAVSUP Fleet Logistics Center San Diego. Furthermore, this work was supported, in part, by tuition assistance funding provided by the US Air Force. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 15 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1748-006X EI 1748-0078 J9 P I MECH ENG O-J RIS JI Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part O-J. Risk Reliab. PD FEB PY 2015 VL 229 IS 1 BP 62 EP 72 DI 10.1177/1748006X14550849 PG 11 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA CA9DU UT WOS:000349221400007 ER PT J AU Beblo, RV Puttmann, JP Joo, JJ Reich, GW AF Beblo, R. V. Puttmann, J. P. Joo, J. J. Reich, G. W. TI Shape memory polymer filled honeycomb model and experimental validation SO SMART MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE shape memory polymer; honeycomb; morphing structures ID DEFORMATION; CORES; SKINS AB An analytical model predicting the in-plane Young's and shear moduli of a shape memory polymer filled honeycomb composite is presented. By modeling the composite as a series of rigidly attached beams, the mechanical advantage of the load distributed on each beam by the infill is accounted for. The model is compared to currently available analytical models as well as experimental data. The model correlates extremely well with experimental data for empty honeycomb and when the polymer is above its glass transition temperature. Below the glass transition temperature, rule of mixtures is shown to be more accurate as bending is no longer the dominant mode of deformation. The model is also derived for directions other than the typical x and y allowing interpolation of the stiffness of the composite in any direction. C1 [Beblo, R. V.; Puttmann, J. P.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Joo, J. J.; Reich, G. W.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Beblo, RV (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM Richard.Beblo@udri.udayton.edu; johnputtmann@gmail.com; James.Joo.1@us.af.mil; Gregory.Reich.1@us.af.mil FU Nathanial DeLeon and Brian Smyers FX Financial support by Dr Les Lee at AFOSR and assistance in conducting the experimental work by Nathanial DeLeon and Brian Smyers is graciously acknowledged. Cleared for public release, case 88ABW-2014-3157. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 22 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0964-1726 EI 1361-665X J9 SMART MATER STRUCT JI Smart Mater. Struct. PD FEB PY 2015 VL 24 IS 2 AR 025019 DI 10.1088/0964-1726/24/2/025019 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA AZ8WW UT WOS:000348493300019 ER PT J AU Koehler, C Beran, P Vanella, M Balaras, E AF Koehler, Christopher Beran, Philip Vanella, Marcos Balaras, Elias TI Flows produced by the combined oscillatory rotation and translation of a circular cylinder in a quiescent fluid SO JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE vortex flows; vortex shedding; wakes/jets ID KEULEGAN-CARPENTER NUMBERS; IMMERSED BOUNDARY METHOD; VORTEX FORMATION; ROTARY; WAKE; GENERATION; SIMULATION; AIRFOIL AB Flows produced by a circular cylinder undergoing oscillatory rotation and translation in a quiescent fluid have been studied via direct numerical simulations. The incompressible Navier-Stokes equations were solved for large dimensionless time windows using an immersed boundary method with adaptive Cartesian grid refinement. Parametric studies were conducted in two dimensions on the Reynolds number, Keulegan-Carpenter number and phase shift. In addition to the previously reported net thrust case (Blackburn et al., Phys. Fluids, vol. 11, 1999, pp. 4-6), the study catalogued the appearance of several streaming jet regimes with varying deflection angles, deflected and horizontal vortex shedding regimes, and a double mirrored jet regime with varying inter-jet angles, as well as several chaotic cases. Visualizations are presented to clarify each observed flow regime and to illustrate the parameter space. Connections are drawn between these canonical bluff-body deflected wakes and a similar phenomenon observed in aerofoils oscillating at high reduced frequencies in a cross-flow. Also, the discovery of the streaming jet regimes with varying deflection angles opens the door for using these flows as a low-Reynolds-number propulsive mechanism requiring only a two-degree-of-freedom actuator. Simulation results suggest that the flow phenomena observed in two dimensions persist in three dimensions, despite spanwise fluctuations. C1 [Koehler, Christopher; Beran, Philip] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Vanella, Marcos; Balaras, Elias] George Washington Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP Koehler, C (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM ckoehler.11@gmail.com FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Laboratory Tasks [09RB01COR, 03VA01COR]; HPTI; DoD High Performance Computing Modernization Program [GS04T09DBC0017]; National Science Foundation [OCI-0904920] FX This work was supported in part by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Laboratory Tasks 09RB01COR (monitored by Dr Doug Smith) and 03VA01COR (monitored by Dr Fariba Fahroo), by HPTI and the DoD High Performance Computing Modernization Program through grant GS04T09DBC0017, and also by the National Science Foundation (award OCI-0904920). NR 47 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 13 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0022-1120 EI 1469-7645 J9 J FLUID MECH JI J. Fluid Mech. PD FEB PY 2015 VL 764 BP 148 EP 170 DI 10.1017/jfm.2014.699 PG 23 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA AZ3LK UT WOS:000348128700011 ER PT J AU Jung, RM Cho, HS Park, S Van Zee, JW AF Jung, Ryan M. Cho, Hyun-Seok Park, Sehkyu Van Zee, J. W. TI An experimental approach to investigate the transport of ammonia as a fuel contaminant in proton exchange membrane fuel cells SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE PEMFCs; Ammonia; Fuel contaminant; Transport; Diffusion coefficient ID PERFLUOROSULFONIC MEMBRANES; WATER DIFFUSION; SULFURIC-ACID; HOLLOW FIBERS; PERFORMANCE; CONDUCTIVITY; PLATINUM AB Data are presented for the transport of NH3 from the anode to the cathode for various inlet conditions in a N-2/N-2 laboratory-scale fuel cell at open circuit voltage (OCV). The data were obtained with a material balance technique, which uses an ion selective electrode (ISE) to determine the concentration of ammonium ions. The results show that ammonia did not move across the membrane when the feed to both electrodes was dry. However, with humidified feeds on either side, the ammonia was transported from the anode to the cathode. The data include changes in the relative humidity of the anode inlet and the flowrate on the cathode. The data support a diffusion-solubility mechanism in a N-2/N-2 system at OCV. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Jung, Ryan M.] Robins AFB, Bioenvironm Engn, Warner Robins, GA 31098 USA. [Cho, Hyun-Seok; Van Zee, J. W.] Univ Alabama, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Park, Sehkyu] Kwangwoon Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Seoul 139701, South Korea. RP Jung, RM (reprint author), Robins AFB, Bioenvironm Engn, Warner Robins, GA 31098 USA. EM ryan.jung.1@us.af.mil FU Department of Energy [DE-FC36-06G086041] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge that this work was supported under Department of Energy Grant DE-FC36-06G086041. CARBEL, GORE-SELECT, PRIMEA, and GORE designs are trademarks of W. L Gore & Associates, Inc. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 EI 1873-2755 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD FEB 1 PY 2015 VL 275 BP 14 EP 21 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.11.009 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA AZ2UT UT WOS:000348088400003 ER PT J AU Wang, DH Kurish, BA Treufeld, I Zhu, L Tan, LS AF Wang, David H. Kurish, Brian A. Treufeld, Imre Zhu, Lei Tan, Loon-Seng TI Synthesis and Characterization of High Nitrile Content Polyimides as Dielectric Films for Electrical Energy Storage SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART A-POLYMER CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE benzonitrile; diamine synthesis; dielectric properties; differential scanning calorimetry (DSC); FT-IR; monomers; NMR; polyimides; synthesis; sub-T-g transitions; thermogravimetric analysis (TGA); WAXD ID PIEZOELECTRIC POLYIMIDES; PROTONATION CHARACTERIZATION; EMBEDDED CAPACITOR; THERMAL-PROPERTIES; CONSTANT; POLYMERS; POLY(AMIDE-IMIDE)S; COMPOSITES; POLYAMIDES; FRAMEWORKS AB Three new isomeric diamines containing three, oxy-linked benzonitriles (3BCN), one of which is asymmetric (meta, para, or m, p), are synthesized in a 3-step sequence. Polycondensation of these diamines and four common dianhydrides (6FDA, OPDA, BTDA, and PMDA) in N,N-dimethylacetamide via poly(amic acid) precursors and thermal curing at temperatures up to 300 degrees C lead to three series of tough, creasable polyimide (PI) films (tensile moduli=1.63-2.86 GPa). Among these PIs, two PMDA-based PIs possess relatively high crystallinity and two OPDA-based PIs, low crystallinity, whereas all 6FDA- and BTDA-based PIs, and m,m-3BCN-OPDA-PI are amorphous, readily soluble in common polar aprotic solvents. Thermally stable and having high T-g (216-341 degrees C), these PIs lose 5% weight around 493-503 degrees C in air and 463-492 degrees C in nitrogen. Dielectric properties have been evaluated by broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS) and electric displacement-electric-field (D-E) loop measurements. D-E loop results show an increase in high temperature permittivity (at 190 degrees C/1 kHz) from 2.9 (for parent PI CP2 with no nitrile group) to as high as 4.9 for these PIs, while keeping their dielectric loss relatively low. Thus, an increase in dipole moment density by the presence of three neighboring CN per repeat unit can increase the overall permittivity, which could be further enhanced by sub-T-g mobility of para-phenylene linkages (BDS results). Published 2014. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014 J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015, 53, 422-436 C1 [Wang, David H.; Kurish, Brian A.; Tan, Loon-Seng] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Soft Matter Mat Branch AFRL RXAS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Wang, David H.; Kurish, Brian A.] Universal Energy Syst Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Treufeld, Imre; Zhu, Lei] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Macromol Sci & Engn, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Tan, LS (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Soft Matter Mat Branch AFRL RXAS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM lxz121@case.edu; Loon.Tan@us.af.mil RI Zhu, Lei/C-8754-2013; Tan, Loon-Seng/F-6985-2012; Wang, David/F-7492-2013 OI Zhu, Lei/0000-0001-6570-9123; Tan, Loon-Seng/0000-0002-2134-9290; Wang, David/0000-0001-6710-7265 FU Materials and Manufacturing Directorate; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX This work was completed at Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) at Wright Patterson Air Force Base and Case Western Reserve University with funding support from Materials and Manufacturing Directorate as well as Air Force Office of Scientific Research. The authors are grateful to Marlene Houtz (University of Dayton Research Institute) for the TGA and DMA data. NR 43 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 6 U2 70 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0887-624X EI 1099-0518 J9 J POLYM SCI POL CHEM JI J. Polym. Sci. Pol. Chem. PD FEB 1 PY 2015 VL 53 IS 3 BP 422 EP 436 DI 10.1002/pola.27445 PG 15 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA AX2JC UT WOS:000346768400004 ER PT J AU Schrand, AM Powell, T Robertson, T Hussain, SM AF Schrand, Amanda M. Powell, Thomas Robertson, Tiffany Hussain, Saber M. TI Assessment of Carbon- and Metal-Based Nanoparticle DNA Damage with Microfluidic Electrophoretic Separation Technology SO JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Carbon Nanotube; Nanodiamond; Silver; Nanoparticle; Exposure; Cells; DNA; Method ID HUMAN LUNG MACROPHAGES; NANODIAMONDS; NANOTUBES; CYTOTOXICITY; BIOCOMPATIBILITY; IMMOBILIZATION; EXPOSURE AB In this study, we examined the feasibility of extracting DNA from whole cell lysates exposed to nanoparticles using two different methodologies for evaluation of fragmentation with microfluidic electrophoretic separation. Human lung macrophages were exposed to five different carbon- and metal-based nanoparticles at two different time points (2 h, 24 h) and two different doses (5 mu g/ml, 100 mu g/ml). The primary difference in the banding patterns after 2 h of nanoparticle exposure is more DNA fragmentation at the higher NP concentration when examining cells exposed to nanoparticles of the same composition. However, higher doses of carbon and silver nanoparticles at both short and long dosing periods can contribute to erroneous or incomplete data with this technique. Also comparing DNA isolation methodologies, we recommend the centrifugation extraction technique, which provides more consistent banding patterns in the control samples compared to the spooling technique. Here we demonstrate that multi-walled carbon nanotubes, 15 nm silver nanoparticles and the positive control cadmium oxide cause similar DNA fragmentation at the short time point of 2 h with the centrifugation extraction technique. Therefore, the results of these studies contribute to elucidating the relationship between nanoparticle physicochemical properties and DNA fragmentation results while providing the pros and cons of altering the DNA isolation methodology. Overall, this technique provides a high throughput way to analyze subcellular alterations in DNA profiles of cells exposed to nanomaterials to aid in understanding the consequences of exposure and mechanistic effects. Future studies in microfluidic electrophoretic separation technologies should be investigated to determine the utility of protein or other assays applicable to cellular systems exposed to nanoparticles. C1 [Schrand, Amanda M.] Air Force Res Lab, Munit Directorate AFRL RWMES, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. [Powell, Thomas; Robertson, Tiffany; Hussain, Saber M.] Air Force Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate AFRL HPW RHDJ 711, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Schrand, AM (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Munit Directorate AFRL RWMES, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. FU AFRL/RHDJ summer cadet program FX USAFA Cadets Thomas Powell and Tiffany Robertson were supported by an AFRL/RHDJ summer cadet program. This work was cleared for public release under Case Number 88ABW-2013-3699. NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 21 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI VALENCIA PA 26650 THE OLD RD, STE 208, VALENCIA, CA 91381-0751 USA SN 1533-4880 EI 1533-4899 J9 J NANOSCI NANOTECHNO JI J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. PD FEB PY 2015 VL 15 IS 2 BP 1053 EP 1059 DI 10.1166/jnn.2015.9744 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA AT6NB UT WOS:000345054100015 PM 26353612 ER PT J AU Attal, N Ramaprabhu, P Hossain, J Karkhanis, V Uddin, M Gord, JR Roy, S AF Attal, N. Ramaprabhu, P. Hossain, J. Karkhanis, V. Uddin, M. Gord, J. R. Roy, S. TI Development and validation of a chemical reaction solver coupled to the FLASH code for combustion applications SO COMPUTERS & FLUIDS LA English DT Article DE Implicit Large Eddy Simulations; Code development and validation; Shock-flame interaction; Reacting Richtmyer-Meshkov instability; Laminar flame ID ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL-EQUATIONS; BUBBLE INTERACTION; SHOCK; FLAME; METHANE; FLOWS; INSTABILITY; SIMULATION; CHEMISTRY; AIR AB We report on modifications to the widely used astrophysical code, FLASH (Fryxell, Olson et al., 2000) that enable accurate simulations of chemically reacting flows with heat addition. The enhancements to FLASH include the implementation of extensive hydrogen-air and methane-air chemistry through multiple, detailed mechanisms (Smooke, 1991; Katta and Roquemore, 1995; Mueller, Kim et al., 1999; Billet, 2005), accomplished by building on the existing infrastructure of nuclear reaction network solvers. The chemical reaction network is represented as a system of coupled ODEs, that are then solved either through the Kaps-Rentrop (Rosenbrok) method (Kaps and Rentrop, 1979) or the Bader-Deuflhard method (Bader and Deuflhard, 1983), supplemented by a sparse matrix package for solving linear systems of equations. Furthermore, an existing gamma-law equation of state solver was modified to describe multiple species, each with temperature-dependent properties necessary for realistic simulations of combustion applications. The calculation of temperature-dependent transport properties of constituent species is accomplished through a comprehensive expansion of the materials database. We take advantage of the capability in FLASH to handle the diffusion of heat, mass, and momentum either through an update of the fluxes of each quantity across cell faces, or by directly solving a diffusion equation for each, and the relative merits of each approach for reacting flows are discussed. The capabilities of the modified tool are extensive and in some instances unique, and are documented in detail, along with numerical properties. We also present results from validation of the above capabilities through comparison with analytical solutions, and published numerical and experimental data of chemically reacting flows. Our validation cases include comparison of temporal evolution of species and temperature in a well stirred reactor, comparison of adiabatic flame temperature data, advection of reacting and non-reacting 1D fronts, 20 laminar premixed methane-air flame in a Bunsen burner configuration, shock-driven combustion of an initially circular hydrogen bubble, and a reacting Richtmyer-Meshkov instability not studied previously. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Attal, N.; Ramaprabhu, P.; Karkhanis, V.; Uddin, M.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Mech Engn & Engn Sci, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. [Hossain, J.] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Gord, J. R.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Roy, S.] Spectral Energies LLC, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. RP Ramaprabhu, P (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Mech Engn & Engn Sci, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. EM pramapra@uncc.edu FU (U.S.) Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-10-C-2008]; Energy Production and Infrastructure Center (EPIC) at UNC Charlotte; DOE-ASC/Alliance Center for Astrophysical Thermonuclear Flashes at the University of Chicago FX The work reported in this article was supported in part by the (U.S.) Air Force Research Laboratory under Contract No. FA8650-10-C-2008. N.A. was partially supported by a scholarship Grant from Energy Production and Infrastructure Center (EPIC) at UNC Charlotte. FLASH was developed in part by the DOE-sponsored ASC/Alliance Center for Astrophysical Thermonuclear Flashes at the University of Chicago. This manuscript has been cleared for public release (No. 88ABW-2013-1795). NR 49 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-7930 EI 1879-0747 J9 COMPUT FLUIDS JI Comput. Fluids PD JAN 31 PY 2015 VL 107 BP 59 EP 76 DI 10.1016/j.compfluid.2014.09.051 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Computer Science; Mechanics GA CA2OB UT WOS:000348746400005 ER PT J AU Soref, R Hendrickson, J Liang, HB Majumdar, A Mu, JW Li, X Huang, WP AF Soref, Richard Hendrickson, Joshua Liang, Haibo Majumdar, Arka Mu, Jianwei Li, Xun Huang, Wei-Ping TI Electro-optical switching at 1550 nm using a two-state GeSe phase-change layer SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; FILMS; IRRADIATION AB New designs for electro-optical free-space and waveguided 2 x 2 switches are presented and analyzed at the 1.55 mu m telecoms wavelength. The proposed devices employ a mu 10 nm film of GeSe that is electrically actuated to transition the layer forth-and-back from the amorphous to the crystal phase, yielding a switch with two self-sustaining states. This phase change material was selected for its very low absorption loss at the operation wavelength, along with its electro-refraction Delta n similar to 0.6. All switches are cascadeable into N x M devices. The free-space prism-shaped structures use III-V prism material to match the GeSe crystal index. The Si/GeSe/Si "active waveguides" are quite suitable for directional-coupler switches as well as Mach-Zehnder devices-all of which have an active length 16x less than that in the free-carrier art. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America C1 [Soref, Richard] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02125 USA. [Soref, Richard] Univ Massachusetts, Engn Program, Boston, MA 02125 USA. [Hendrickson, Joshua] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Liang, Haibo; Li, Xun] McMaster Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada. [Majumdar, Arka] Univ Washington, Dept Elect Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Mu, Jianwei] MIT, Microphoton Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Mu, Jianwei] MIT, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Huang, Wei-Ping] Shandong Univ, Sch Informat Sci & Engn, Jinan 250100, Shandong, Peoples R China. RP Soref, R (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02125 USA. EM soref@rcn.com RI Mu, Jianwei/A-8336-2012 OI Mu, Jianwei/0000-0002-0740-6914 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [FA9550-14-1-0196]; UK EPSRC project MIGRATION; AFOSR under LRIR [12RY05COR]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) under the Silicon Electronic-Photonic Integrated Circuits (Si-EPIC) CREATE program FX Richard Soref is supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) grant FA9550-14-1-0196 (Gernot Pomrenke, Program Manager) and by the UK EPSRC project MIGRATION. Joshua Hendrickson acknowledges support from AFOSR under LRIR No. 12RY05COR (Gernot Pomrenke, Program Manager). Haibo Liang is financially supported by Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) under the Silicon Electronic-Photonic Integrated Circuits (Si-EPIC) CREATE program. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 21 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD JAN 26 PY 2015 VL 23 IS 2 BP 1536 EP 1546 DI 10.1364/OE.23.001536 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA CA8JT UT WOS:000349166100092 PM 25835911 ER PT J AU Wisniewski, MG Thompson, ER Iyer, N Estepp, JR Goder-Reiser, MN Sullivan, SC AF Wisniewski, Matthew G. Thompson, Eric R. Iyer, Nandini Estepp, Justin R. Goder-Reiser, Max N. Sullivan, Sarah C. TI Frontal midline. power as an index of listening effort SO NEUROREPORT LA English DT Article DE anterior cingulate cortex; audiological rehabilitation; auditory; event-related spectral perturbation; independent components analysis ID INDEPENDENT COMPONENT ANALYSIS; WORKING-MEMORY; THETA RHYTHM; EEG DYNAMICS; SPEECH; TASK; PERFORMANCE; ATTENTION; RESPONSES AB Attempts to identify physiological correlates of listening effort have mainly focused on peripheral measures (e.g. pupillometry) and auditory-evoked/event-related potentials. Although nonauditory studies have suggested that sustained time-frequency electroencephalographic (EEG) features in the.-band (4-7 Hz) are correlated with domain-general mental effort, little work has characterized such features during effortful listening. Here, high-density EEG data was collected while listeners performed a sentence-recognition task in noise, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of which varied across blocks. Frontal midline theta (Fm theta), largely driven by sources localized in or near the medial frontal cortex, showed greater power with decreasing SNR and was positively correlated with self-reports of effort. Increased Fm theta was present before speech onset and during speech presentation. Fm theta power also differed across SNRs when including only trials in which all words were recognized, suggesting that the effects were unrelated to performance differences. Results suggest that frontal cortical networks play a larger role in listening as acoustic signals are increasingly masked. Further, sustained time-frequency EEG features may usefully supplement previously used peripheral and event-related potential measures in psychophysiological investigations of effortful listening. Copyright (C) 2015 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Wisniewski, Matthew G.; Iyer, Nandini; Estepp, Justin R.; Goder-Reiser, Max N.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Thompson, Eric R.] Ball Aerosp Technol Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Fairborn, OH USA. [Sullivan, Sarah C.] DOD Hearing Ctr Excellence, Lackland AFB, TX USA. RP Wisniewski, MG (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Bldg 441,Area B,711th Human Performance Wing, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM matt.g.wisniewski@gmail.com FU National Research Council Associateship Award at the US Air Force Research Laboratory; Student Research Participant Program at the US Air Force Research Laboratory FX This research was performed while M.G.W. held a National Research Council Associateship Award at the US Air Force Research Laboratory. M.N.G.-R. was supported in part by an appointment to the Student Research Participant Program at the US Air Force Research Laboratory administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 9 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 0959-4965 EI 1473-558X J9 NEUROREPORT JI Neuroreport PD JAN 21 PY 2015 VL 26 IS 2 BP 94 EP 99 DI 10.1097/WNR.0000000000000306 PG 6 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA AX9UG UT WOS:000347246900008 PM 25536119 ER PT J AU Patterson, BM Sell, JF Ehrenreich, T Gearba, MA Brooke, GM Scoville, J Knize, RJ AF Patterson, B. M. Sell, J. F. Ehrenreich, T. Gearba, M. A. Brooke, G. M. Scoville, J. Knize, R. J. TI Lifetime measurement of the cesium 6P(3/2) level using ultrafast pump-probe laser pulses SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID MODE-LOCKED LASER; PARITY NONCONSERVATION; MATRIX-ELEMENTS; 3P P-2(3/2); PHOTOIONIZATION; STATE; SPECTROSCOPY; STRENGTHS; ATOMS; LINE AB Using the inherent timing stability of pulses from a mode-locked laser, we measure the cesium 6P(3/2) excited-state lifetime. An initial pump pulse excites cesium atoms in two counterpropagating atomic beams to the 6P(3/2) level. A subsequent synchronized probe pulse ionizes atoms that remain in the excited state and the photoions are collected and counted. By selecting pump pulses that vary in time with respect to the probe pulses, we obtain a sampling of the excited-state population in time, resulting in a lifetime value of 30.462(46) ns. The measurement uncertainty (0.15%) is slightly larger than our previous report of 0.12% [J. F. Sell et al., Phys. Rev. A 84, 010501(R) (2011)] due to the inclusion of additional data and systematic errors. In this follow-up paper we present details of the primary systematic errors encountered in the measurement, which include atomic motion within the intensity profiles of the laser beams, quantum beating in the photoion signal, and radiation trapping. Improvements to further reduce the experimental uncertainty are also discussed. C1 [Patterson, B. M.; Sell, J. F.; Ehrenreich, T.; Gearba, M. A.; Brooke, G. M.; Scoville, J.; Knize, R. J.] US Air Force Acad, Laser & Opti Res Ctr, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Gearba, M. A.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Phys & Astron, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. RP Patterson, BM (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Laser & Opti Res Ctr, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; National Science Foundation [0758185, 1206128] FX We gratefully acknowledge the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and the National Science Foundation (Grants No. 0758185 and No. 1206128) for support of this work. NR 42 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JAN 15 PY 2015 VL 91 IS 1 AR 012506 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.91.012506 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA CE4CH UT WOS:000351777900004 ER PT J AU Jiao, CQ Adams, SF AF Jiao, C. Q. Adams, S. F. TI Electron ionization of 1,3-cyclohexadiene and 1,4-cyclohexadiene SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE 1,3-Cyclohexadiene; 1,4-Cyclohexadiene; Electron ionization; Cross sections; Major fragment ions; Thresholds ID RESONANCE MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CROSS-SECTIONS; DECOMPOSITION; IONS; PHOTODISSOCIATION; CYCLOHEXANE; EXCITATION; IMPACT; FLAMES AB Electron ionization of the two cyclohexadiene isomers has been found to produce similar ion populations with comparable total cross sections. The total cross sections for 1,3-cyclohexadiene and 1,4-cyclohexadiene were measured to be at maxima of 1.42 x 10(-15) and 1.41 x 10(-15) cm(2), respectively, at 80 eV. Results show that the major product ions are the four largest ions, C6H5-8+, with combined intensities contributing more than three quarters of the ion populations. Minor product ions include C5H3,5+, C4H2-6+, C3H2,3,5+ and C2H3+. The branching ratios for the major product ions from the two isomers match each other well at low energies near thresholds but differ slightly at elevated energies; while the branching ratios for the minor ions are approximately identical between the two isomers within error limits. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Jiao, C. Q.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Adams, S. F.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Adams, SF (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM steven.adams.11@us.af.mil FU Aerospace Systems Directorate AFRL; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX The authors thank the Aerospace Systems Directorate AFRL and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research for their support. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 EI 1873-2798 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD JAN 15 PY 2015 VL 376 BP 35 EP 38 DI 10.1016/j.ijms.2014.11.010 PG 4 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA CA4NC UT WOS:000348880200008 ER PT J AU Prince, BD Tiruppathi, P Bemish, RJ Chiu, YH Maginn, EJ AF Prince, Benjamin D. Tiruppathi, Pavithra Bemish, Raymond J. Chiu, Yu-Hui Maginn, Edward J. TI Molecular Dynamics Simulations of 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide Clusters and Nanodrops SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID IONIC LIQUID VAPORS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; TAYLOR CONES; ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION; FORCE-FIELD; EVAPORATION; SPECTROSCOPY; EMISSION; ANIONS; PHASE AB Atomistic molecular dynamics simulations of small clusters and nanodroplets of the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide [EMIM-Tf2N] subject to an external electric field were performed. A 125-ion-pair droplet was found to be nearly spherical with an isotropic distribution of cations and anions under vacuum conditions. The droplet was subjected to external electric fields of varying strength, and ion emission events were observed. The initially spherical droplet is elongated along the electric field axis, resulting in nonspherical behavior and increased net dipole values after the application of strong electric fields. The critical electric field required for ion field emission was determined to be 0.985 V/nm, in agreement with the experimental value of 1.0 V/nm. Excellent agreement is found in the prediction of ionic emission products for a neutral 125-ion-pair droplet of the ionic liquid at an electric field strength of 1.2 V/nm when compared to the results of two independent experiments. Small ionic liquid clusters were investigated with respect to their thermal stabilities and were found to be thermally stable well above room temperature. The role of electric fields in the dissociation of small charged ion clusters was also investigated. C1 [Prince, Benjamin D.; Bemish, Raymond J.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Tiruppathi, Pavithra; Maginn, Edward J.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Chem Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Chiu, Yu-Hui] Busek Co Inc, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Prince, BD (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. OI Bemish, Raymond/0000-0003-2974-1534 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [Task 14RV07COR]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research under AFOSR Award [FA9550-10-1-0244]; Space Scholars program at Kirtland AFB, NM FX B.D.P., R.J.B., and Y.-H.C. acknowledge funding through the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Task 14RV07COR (Program Manager Ali Sayir). Support for the work done by E.J.M. and P.T. was provided by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under AFOSR Award No. FA9550-10-1-0244. P.T. also received support from the Space Scholars program at Kirtland AFB, NM. NR 44 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JAN 15 PY 2015 VL 119 IS 2 BP 352 EP 368 DI 10.1021/jp507073e PG 17 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA AZ2XU UT WOS:000348093500012 PM 25562341 ER PT J AU Pritchett, TM Ferry, MJ Shensky, WM Mott, AG Stewart, DJ Long, SL Haley, JE Li, ZJ Sun, WF AF Pritchett, Timothy M. Ferry, Michael J. Shensky, William M., III Mott, Andrew G. Stewart, David J. Long, Stephanie L. Haley, Joy E. Li, Zhongjing Sun, Wenfang TI Strong triplet excited-state absorption in a phenanthrolinyl iridium(III) complex with benzothiazolylfluorenyl-substituted ligands SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID REVERSE SATURABLE ABSORPTION; DIIMINE BIS(ACETYLIDE) COMPLEXES; TOP-HAT BEAMS; NONLINEAR ABSORPTION; PLATINUM(II) COMPLEX; UP-CONVERSION; PHOTOPHYSICS; LIGHT; PHTHALOCYANINES; MOLECULES AB Femtosecond transient difference absorption (fs TA) measurements, together with a series of open-aperture Z scans at picosecond and nanosecond pulse widths and a variety of pulse energies, were performed on a 1,10-phenanthrolinyl iridium(III) complex bearing ligands containing a benzothiazolylfluorenyl motif. An analysis of decay data from the fs TA experiment yields a value of 1.24 +/- 0.26 ns for the singlet excited-state lifetime tau(S) of the complex. By fitting the Z scans to a five-level dynamic model incorporating the independently measured value of tS and previously reported values of the complex's triplet quantum yield (0.13) and triplet excited-state lifetime (230 ns), we obtain values of 3.5 x 10(-17) cm(2) (singlet) and 5.0 x 10(-16) cm(2) (triplet) for the excited-state absorption cross-sections of the complex in toluene solution at 532 nm; the latter value represents one of the largest triplet excited-state absorption cross-sections ever reported at this wavelength. The ratio of the triplet excited-state cross-section to the ground-state absorption cross-section exceeds 3800. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America C1 [Pritchett, Timothy M.; Ferry, Michael J.; Shensky, William M., III; Mott, Andrew G.] US Army Res Lab, RDRL SEE L, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Stewart, David J.] Gen Dynam Informat Technol, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Stewart, David J.; Long, Stephanie L.; Haley, Joy E.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Long, Stephanie L.] Southwestern Ohio Council Higher Educ, Dayton, OH 45420 USA. [Li, Zhongjing; Sun, Wenfang] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. RP Pritchett, TM (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, RDRL SEE L, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM timothy.m.pritchett.civ@mail.mil FU Army Research Laboratory [W911NF-06-2-0032]; National Science Foundation [CHE-0449598] FX W. Sun acknowledges financial support from the Army Research Laboratory (W911NF-06-2-0032) and the National Science Foundation (CAREER CHE-0449598). NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 33 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 EI 1539-4794 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD JAN 15 PY 2015 VL 40 IS 2 BP 186 EP 189 DI 10.1364/OL.40.000186 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA AZ0MN UT WOS:000347939500015 PM 25679840 ER PT J AU Lei, ZW Liu, M Ge, W Li, Z Knize, RJ Lu, YL AF Lei, Zhiwei Liu, Min Ge, Wen Li, Zhiang Knize, R. J. Lu, Yalin TI Effect of layer number on ferromagnetic properties in aurivillius Bi4Bin-3Fen-3.2Co0.2Ti3O3n+3 ceramics SO MATERIALS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Aurivillius; Magnetic materials; Ceramics; Ferromagnetization ID PHASES BIN+1FEN-3TI3O3N+3; MULTIFERROIC PROPERTIES; SYSTEM; BEHAVIOR AB Aurivillius Bi4Bin-3Fen-3.2Co0.2Ti3O3n+3 (BFCT, n = 4-7) ceramics were prepared by the hot-press method. X-ray diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy analysis indicate a successful synthesis of pure phase BFCT. samples. All samples show significant magnetic moments at the room temperature. Interestingly, the remanent magnetization (2Mr) increases with the increase of n, which was found to be 21.53 emu/mol, 413.49 emu/mol, 472.78 emu/mol and 727.03 emu/mol for n = 4, 5,6 and 7 ceramics, respectively. This phenomenon can be ascribed to the increased coupling probability of Fe-O-Co with increasing n. Besides, the odd-layered compounds are likely to be beneficial for enhancing the 2Mr, due to that their crystalline structures may endure larger distortions when compared with the even-layered compounds. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lei, Zhiwei; Liu, Min; Ge, Wen; Li, Zhiang; Lu, Yalin] Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, CAS Key Lab Mat Energy Convers, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Lu, Yalin] Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei Natl Lab Phys Sci Microscale, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Liu, Min; Lu, Yalin] Univ Sci & Technol China, Synerget Innovat Ctr Quantum Informat & Quantum P, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Knize, R. J.; Lu, Yalin] US Air Force Acad, Dept Phys, Laser Opt Res Ctr, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Liu, M (reprint author), Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, CAS Key Lab Mat Energy Convers, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. EM liumin1106@ustc.edu.cn; yllu@ustc.edu.cn FU National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) [2012CB922000]; Natural Science Foundation of China [51102224]; Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation [1408085QE84]; Fundamental Research Fund for the Central Universities [WK 2060140014]; AFOSR; DTRA [HDTRA12221] FX This work was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, 2012CB922000), the Natural Science Foundation of China (51102224), Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation (1408085QE84), and the Fundamental Research Fund for the Central Universities (WK 2060140014). Dr. Lu appreciates the support from AFOSR and DTRA (HDTRA12221). NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 42 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-577X EI 1873-4979 J9 MATER LETT JI Mater. Lett. PD JAN 15 PY 2015 VL 139 BP 348 EP 351 DI 10.1016/j.matlet.2014.10.095 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA AU5IN UT WOS:000345640300092 ER PT J AU Zhou, ZY Howe, BM Liu, M Nan, TX Chen, X Mahalingam, K Sun, NX Brown, GJ AF Zhou, Ziyao Howe, Brandon M. Liu, Ming Nan, Tianxiang Chen, Xing Mahalingam, Krishnamurthy Sun, Nian X. Brown, Gail J. TI Interfacial charge-mediated non-volatile magnetoelectric coupling in Co0.3Fe0.7/Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3/Nb:SrTiO3 multiferroic heterostructures SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID FERROMAGNETIC-RESONANCE; MAGNETIC-ANISOTROPY; MEMORY; FIELD AB The central challenge in realizing non-volatile, E-field manipulation of magnetism lies in finding an energy efficient means to switch between the distinct magnetic states in a stable and reversible manner. In this work, we demonstrate using electrical polarization-induced charge screening to change the ground state of magnetic ordering in order to non-volatilely tune magnetic properties in ultra-thin Co(0.3)Fe(0.)7/Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3/Nb:SrTiO3 (001) multiferroic heterostructures. A robust, voltage-induced, non-volatile manipulation of out-of-plane magnetic anisotropy up to 40 Oe is demonstrated and confirmed by ferromagnetic resonance measurements. This discovery provides a framework for realizing charge-sensitive order parameter tuning in ultra-thin multiferroic heterostructures, demonstrating great potential for delivering compact, lightweight, reconfigurable, and energy-efficient electronic devices. C1 [Zhou, Ziyao; Nan, Tianxiang; Sun, Nian X.] Northeastern Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Howe, Brandon M.; Liu, Ming; Mahalingam, Krishnamurthy; Brown, Gail J.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Zhou, Ziyao; Chen, Xing] Argonne Natl Lab, Energy Syst Div, Lemont, IL 60439 USA. RP Liu, M (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM mingliu.anl@gmail.com RI Zhou, Ziyao/N-8398-2015; Nan, Tianxiang/O-3820-2015; Nan, Tianxiang/A-8020-2016; Sun, Nian Xiang/F-9590-2010; Liu, Ming/B-4143-2009 OI Zhou, Ziyao/0000-0002-2389-1673; Sun, Nian Xiang/0000-0002-3120-0094; Liu, Ming/0000-0002-6310-948X FU AFRL through UES [S-875-060-018, FA8650-14-C-5705] FX This work is financially supported by AFRL through UES Subcontract No. S-875-060-018, FA8650-14-C-5705, Winchester Technologies, LLC. NR 35 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 57 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD JAN 13 PY 2015 VL 5 AR 7740 DI 10.1038/srep07740 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AY8XL UT WOS:000347834000005 PM 25582090 ER PT J AU Hendrickson, J Soref, R Sweet, J Majumdar, A AF Hendrickson, Joshua Soref, Richard Sweet, Julian Majumdar, Arka TI Electro-optical 1 x 2, 1 x N and N x N fiber-optic and free-space switching over 1.55 to 3.0 mu m using a Ge-Ge2Sb2Te5-Ge prism structure SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article AB New device designs are proposed and theoretical simulations are performed on electro- optical routing switches in which light beams enter and exit the device either from free space or from lensed fibers. The active medium is a 100 nm layer of phase change material ( Ge2Sb2Te5 or GeTe) that is electrically " triggered" to change its phase, giving " self- holding" behavior in each of two phases. Electrical current is supplied to that film by a pair of transparent highly doped conducting Ge prisms on both sides of the layer. For S- polarized light incident at 80 on the film, a three- layer Fabry- Perot analysis, including dielectric loss, predicts good 1 x 2 and 2 x 2 switch performance at infrared wavelengths of 1.55, 2.1 and 3.0 m, although the performance at 1.55 m is degraded by material loss and prism mismatch. Proposals for in- plane and volumetric 1 x 4 and 4 x 4 switches are also presented. An unpolarized 1 x 2 switch projects good performance at mid infrared. c 2015 Optical Society of America C1 [Hendrickson, Joshua; Sweet, Julian] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Soref, Richard] Univ Massachusetts, Phys Dept & Engn Program, Boston, MA 02125 USA. [Sweet, Julian] Wyle Labs, Beavercreek, OH 45431 USA. [Majumdar, Arka] Univ Washington, Dept Elect Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Hendrickson, J (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM joshua.hendrickson.4@us.af.mil NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 11 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD JAN 12 PY 2015 VL 23 IS 1 BP 72 EP 85 DI 10.1364/OE.23.000072 PG 14 WC Optics SC Optics GA CA8IT UT WOS:000349162900008 PM 25835655 ER PT J AU Emori, S Nan, TX Oxholm, TM Boone, CT Jones, JG Howe, BM Brown, GJ Budil, DE Sun, NX AF Emori, Satoru Nan, Tianxiang Oxholm, Trevor M. Boone, Carl T. Jones, John G. Howe, Brandon M. Brown, Gail J. Budil, David E. Sun, Nian X. TI Quantification of the spin-Hall anti-damping torque with a resonance spectrometer SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DRIVEN AB We present a simple technique using a cavity-based resonance spectrometer to quantify the anti-damping torque due to the spin Hall effect. Modification of ferromagnetic resonance is observed as a function of small DC current in sub-mm-wide strips of bilayers, consisting of magnetically soft FeGaB and strong spin-Hall metal Ta. From the detected current-induced linewidth change, we obtain an effective spin Hall angle of 0.08-0.09 independent of the magnetic layer thickness. Our results demonstrate that a sensitive resonance spectrometer can be a general tool to investigate spin Hall effects in various material systems, even those with vanishingly low conductivity and magnetoresistance. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Emori, Satoru; Nan, Tianxiang; Oxholm, Trevor M.; Boone, Carl T.; Sun, Nian X.] Northeastern Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Jones, John G.; Howe, Brandon M.; Brown, Gail J.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Budil, David E.] Northeastern Univ, Dept Chem, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Emori, S (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM s.emori@neu.edu; n.sun@neu.edu RI Nan, Tianxiang/O-3820-2015; Nan, Tianxiang/A-8020-2016; Sun, Nian Xiang/F-9590-2010; OI Sun, Nian Xiang/0000-0002-3120-0094; Jones, John/0000-0001-8271-0038 FU AFRL [FA8650-14-C-5706]; W.M. Keck Foundation; National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [51328203]; [FA8650-14-C-5705] FX This work was supported by AFRL through contract FA8650-14-C-5706, and in part by FA8650-14-C-5705, the W.M. Keck Foundation, and National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) 51328203. Lithography was performed in the George J. Kostas Nanoscale Technology and Manufacturing Research Center, and x-ray reflectivity was performed in the MIT Center for Materials Science and Engineering. NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 27 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 12 PY 2015 VL 106 IS 2 AR 022406 DI 10.1063/1.4906062 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AZ2HJ UT WOS:000348054700057 ER PT J AU Roy, S Hua, JC Barnhill, W Gunaratne, GH Gord, JR AF Roy, Sukesh Hua, Jia-Chen Barnhill, Will Gunaratne, Gemunu H. Gord, James R. TI Deconvolution of reacting-flow dynamics using proper orthogonal and dynamic mode decompositions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID TRANSVERSAL HOT ZONES; PACKED-BED REACTORS; COHERENT STRUCTURES; CONTROLLING CHAOS; CARDIAC CHAOS; TURBULENCE; FLAMES; PERTURBATIONS; PATTERNS AB Analytical and computational studies of reacting flows are extremely challenging due in part to nonlinearities of the underlying system of equations and long-range coupling mediated by heat and pressure fluctuations. However, many dynamical features of the flow can be inferred through low-order models if the flow constituents (e.g., eddies or vortices) and their symmetries, as well as the interactions among constituents, are established. Modal decompositions of high-frequency, high-resolution imaging, such as measurements of species-concentration fields through planar laser-induced florescence and of velocity fields through particle-image velocimetry, are the first step in the process. A methodology is introduced for deducing the flow constituents and their dynamics following modal decomposition. Proper orthogonal (POD) and dynamic mode (DMD) decompositions of two classes of problems are performed and their strengths compared. The first problem involves a cellular state generated in a flat circular flame front through symmetry breaking. The state contains two rings of cells that rotate clockwise at different rates. Both POD and DMD can be used to deconvolve the state into the two rings. In POD the contribution of each mode to the flow is quantified using the energy. Each DMD mode can be associated with an energy as well as a unique complex growth rate. Dynamic modes with the same spatial symmetry but different growth rates are found to be combined into a single POD mode. Thus, a flow can be approximated by a smaller number of POD modes. On the other hand, DMD provides a more detailed resolution of the dynamics. Two classes of reacting flows behind symmetric bluff bodies are also analyzed. In the first, symmetric pairs of vortices are released periodically from the two ends of the bluff body. The second flow contains von Karman vortices also, with a vortex being shed from one end of the bluff body followed by a second shedding from the opposite end. The way in which DMD can be used to deconvolve the second flow into symmetric and von Karman vortices is demonstrated. The analyses performed illustrate two distinct advantages of DMD: (1) Unlike proper orthogonal modes, each dynamic mode is associated with a unique complex growth rate. By comparing DMD spectra from multiple nominally identical experiments, it is possible to identify "reproducible" modes in a flow. We also find that although most high-energy modes are reproducible, some are not common between experimental realizations; in the examples considered, energy fails to differentiate between reproducible and nonreproducible modes. Consequently, it may not be possible to differentiate reproducible and nonreproducible modes in POD. (2) Time-dependent coefficients of dynamic modes are complex. Even in noisy experimental data, the dynamics of the phase of these coefficients (but not their magnitude) are highly regular. The phase represents the angular position of a rotating ring of cells and quantifies the downstream displacement of vortices in reacting flows. Thus, it is suggested that the dynamical characterizations of complex flows are best made through the phase dynamics of reproducible DMD modes. C1 [Roy, Sukesh] Spectral Energies LLC, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Hua, Jia-Chen; Barnhill, Will; Gunaratne, Gemunu H.] Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Gord, James R.] Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Roy, S (reprint author), Spectral Energies LLC, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. EM sroy@woh.rr.com RI HUA, JIA-CHEN/L-9657-2016 OI HUA, JIA-CHEN/0000-0002-6591-1417 FU Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-13-C-2440, FA8650-12-C-2200, 88ABW-2014-2914] FX Funding for this research was provided by the Air Force Research Laboratory under Contracts No. FA8650-13-C-2440 and No. FA8650-12-C-2200. The manuscript has been cleared for public release by the Air Force Research Laboratory (No. 88ABW-2014-2914). NR 44 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 23 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 EI 1550-2376 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JAN 6 PY 2015 VL 91 IS 1 AR 013001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.91.013001 PG 16 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA CA2JO UT WOS:000348734900011 PM 25679702 ER PT J AU Carretta, TR Rose, MR Barron, LG AF Carretta, Thomas R. Rose, Mark R. Barron, Laura G. TI Predictive Validity of UAS/RPA Sensor Operator Training Qualification Measures SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AVIATION PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID JOB-PERFORMANCE AB U.S. Air Force sensor operators (SOs) are enlisted aviators who work side-by-side with unmanned aerial systems/remotely piloted aircraft (UAS/RPA) pilots, providing assistance with all aspects of aircraft employment and sensor management. SO training qualification includes medical, citizenship, and security standards and aptitude requirements. The current study examined the validity of the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB) for predicting grades of students in three SO courses. The ASVAB composites used for SO training qualification (General and Electronics) demonstrated good predictive validity for all three courses (corrected for range restriction and criterion unreliability): Basic Sensor Operator Course, n = 461, r = .541 and .535; MQ-1 Initial Qualification/Requalification Training, n = 430, r = .583 and .553; MQ-9 Initial Qualification/Requalification Training, n = 249, r = .357 and .334). Although current selection methods are effective, based on results of UAS/RPA job/task analyses, the Air Force is examining the utility of other measures to supplement the ASVAB. C1 [Carretta, Thomas R.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Rose, Mark R.; Barron, Laura G.] Air Force Personnel Ctr, Randolph AFB, TX USA. RP Carretta, TR (reprint author), 711 HPW RHCI,2210 8th St,Area B,Bldg 146,Room 122, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM thomas.carretta@us.af.mil NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1050-8414 EI 1532-7108 J9 INT J AVIAT PSYCHOL JI Int. J. Aviat. Psychol. PD JAN 2 PY 2015 VL 25 IS 1 BP 3 EP 13 DI 10.1080/10508414.2015.981487 PG 11 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA CA8EU UT WOS:000349150500002 ER PT S AU De Sio, L Tabiryan, N Bunning, T AF De Sio, Luciano Tabiryan, Nelson Bunning, Timothy BE Tiwari, A Polykarpov, A TI Lamellar and Circular Constructs Containing Self-Aligned Liquid Crystals SO PHOTOCURED MATERIALS SE RSC Smart Materials LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID POLYMER; GRATINGS; FILMS; DIFFRACTION; RANGE C1 [De Sio, Luciano; Tabiryan, Nelson] Beam Engn Adv Measurements Co, Winter Pk, FL 32789 USA. [De Sio, Luciano] Univ Calabria, Dept Phys, I-87036 Arcavacata Di Rende, Italy. [De Sio, Luciano] Univ Calabria, Ctr Excellence Study Innovat Funct Mat, CEMIF CAL, I-87036 Arcavacata Di Rende, Italy. [Bunning, Timothy] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP De Sio, L (reprint author), Beam Engn Adv Measurements Co, Winter Pk, FL 32789 USA. EM luciano.desio@fis.unical.it NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2046-0066 BN 978-1-78262-007-5; 978-1-78262-001-3 J9 RSC SMART MATER PY 2015 IS 13 BP 188 EP 199 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BG3LN UT WOS:000388001900011 ER PT J AU Casbeer, DW Garcia, E Fuchs, ZE Pachter, M AF Casbeer, David W. Garcia, Eloy Fuchs, Zachariah E. Pachter, Meir GP IEEE TI Cooperative Target Defense Differential Game with a Constrained-maneuverable Defender SO 2015 54TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL (CDC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 54th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC) CY DEC 15-18, 2015 CL Osaka, JAPAN SP Kozo Keikaku Engn, MathWorks, Springer, CYBERNET Syst, Mitsubishi Elect, Soc Ind & Appl Math, Altair, Int Journal Automat & Comp, IEEE CAA Journal Automatica Sinica, Cogent Engn, Now, IHI, IEEE ID AIRCRAFT DEFENSE; HOMING MISSILE; STRATEGIES; GUIDANCE; LINE AB This paper addresses the active target defense differential game where a Target aircraft is pursued by an Attacker missile, and a Defender missile is employed in order to intercept the Attacker and protect the evading Target. This paper extends the results concerning the active target defense differential game by allowing for the Defender's turning rate to be constrained. The restriction imposed on the Defender's turning rate is of great operational relevance since initially the Defender's heading might be different than the otherwise optimal heading when simple motion is assumed. C1 [Casbeer, David W.; Garcia, Eloy] AFRL, Control Sci Ctr Excellence, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Fuchs, Zachariah E.] Wright State Univ, Dept Elec Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Pachter, Meir] Air Force Inst Technol, Dept Elec Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Casbeer, DW (reprint author), AFRL, Control Sci Ctr Excellence, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM david.casbeer@us.af.mil; elgarcia@infoscitex.com; zachariah.fuchs@wright.edu; meir.pachter@afit.edu NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-7886-1 PY 2015 BP 1713 EP 1718 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BF4PY UT WOS:000381554501142 ER PT J AU Thakur, D Erwin, RS AF Thakur, Divya Erwin, R. Scott GP IEEE TI Distributed Attitude Synchronization on SO(3) Using Inertial Vector Measurements SO 2015 54TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL (CDC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 54th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC) CY DEC 15-18, 2015 CL Osaka, JAPAN SP Kozo Keikaku Engn, MathWorks, Springer, CYBERNET Syst, Mitsubishi Elect, Soc Ind & Appl Math, Altair, Int Journal Automat & Comp, IEEE CAA Journal Automatica Sinica, Cogent Engn, Now, IHI, IEEE ID SPECIAL ORTHOGONAL GROUP; MULTIPLE SPACECRAFT; ROTATIONS AB We address the problem of attitude synchronization for multiple networked spacecraft in a setting that is completely free of any attitude parameterizations. In particular, we propose distributed cooperative control protocols that allow multiple spacecraft to align their attitudes and angular velocities through direct feedback of inertial vector measurements and angular velocity. The salient feature of this approach is that no observers or filters are utilized to recover the explicit attitude of any spacecraft in the formation. Two control protocols are presented: the first drives all spacecraft to a common attitude and angular velocity, while the second guarantees convergence to a constant reference attitude while ensuring that spacecraft align their attitudes during maneuvers. We provide rigorous analyses for both control protocols and verify the theoretical results with numerical simulations. C1 [Thakur, Divya; Erwin, R. Scott] US Air Force, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Thakur, D (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM divya.th@gmail.com NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-7886-1 PY 2015 BP 3639 EP 3644 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BF4PY UT WOS:000381554503132 ER PT J AU Collier, CP Marshall, J AF Collier, Charles Patrick Marshall, Joe GP IEEE TI Next Generation Space Interconnect Standard (NGSIS): A Modular Open Standards Approach for High Performance Interconnects for Space SO 2015 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 07-14, 2015 CL Big Sky, MT DE Standards; Specifications; MOSA; OpenVPX; SpaceVPX; RapidIO; space-borne electronics AB The Next Generation Space Interconnect Standard (NGSIS) effort is a Government-Industry collaboration effort to define a set of standards for interconnects between space system components with the goal of cost effectively removing bandwidth as a constraint for future space systems. The NGSIS team has selected the ANSIIVITA 65 OpenVPX (TM) standard family for the physical baseline. The RapidIO protocol has been selected as the basis for the digital data transport. The NGSIS standards are developed to provide sufficient flexibility to enable users to implement a variety of system configurations, while meeting goals for interoperability and robustness for space. The NGSIS approach and effort represents a radical departure from past approaches to achieve a Modular Open System Architecture (MOSA) for space systems and serves as an exemplar for the civil, commercial, and military Space communities as well as a broader high reliability terrestrial market. C1 [Collier, Charles Patrick] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Marshall, Joe] BAE Syst, Manassas, VA USA. RP Collier, CP (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM Afrl.rvsv@kirtland.af.mil; loe.Marshall@baesystems.com NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-5380-6 PY 2015 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BF2UN UT WOS:000380501304056 ER PT J AU Demars, C Roggemann, M Zulch, P AF Demars, Casey Roggemann, Michael Zulch, Peter GP IEEE TI Multi-Spectral Detection and Tracking in Cluttered Urban Environments SO 2015 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 07-14, 2015 CL Big Sky, MT ID IMAGERY; FUSION AB Automatic detection and tracking of moving targets in full motion video (FMV) from aerial imaging systems has significant interest in the defense and security community. However often times performance is degraded in a given spectral band due to environmental conditions and poor target response in a given band. The overall goal of this work is to increase the probability of detection and track association in cluttered urban environments while simultaneously suppressing false alarms by fusing the detection results and features from different spectral bands. We use a Gaussian mixture model (GMM) to detect background pixels, and define potential targets as being in regions that are found to be non-background. Detections from each spectral band are fused to form multi-spectral target candidates. Detected target candidates are associated with targets from a tracking database by matching features from the scale invariant feature transform (SIFT). We create tracking profiles consisting of location history and vector velocity history for all targets in the scene. This algorithm was evaluated with synthetically generated datasets from the Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Image Generation (DIRSIG) software model producing visible, near infrared, mid-wave infrared and long wave infrared FMV that include moving vehicles in an urban environment. The proposed fusion algorithm provides a detection rate over 82%, while decreasing incorrect associations in cluttered areas such as intersections or partial occlusions where a portion of the vehicle is hidden from sensor view. This paper will describe the approach and demonstrate the performance with simulated DIRSIG FMV data. C1 [Demars, Casey; Roggemann, Michael] Michigan Tech Univ, Elect & Comp Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Zulch, Peter] AFRL RI, Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Demars, C (reprint author), Michigan Tech Univ, Elect & Comp Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM cddemars@mtu.edu; mroggema@mtu.edu; peter.zulch@us.af.mil NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-5380-6 PY 2015 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BF2UN UT WOS:000380501301037 ER PT J AU Jia, B Blasch, E Pham, KD Shen, D Wang, ZH Tian, X Chen, GS AF Jia, Bin Blasch, Erik Pham, Khanh D. Shen, Dan Wang, Zhonghai Tian, Xin Chen, Genshe GP IEEE TI Space Object Tracking and Maneuver Detection via Interacting Multiple Model Cubature Kalman Filters SO 2015 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 07-14, 2015 CL Big Sky, MT AB Space object tracking and maneuver detection play an essential role in space situation awareness (SSA). The ordinary Kalman filter and its variants may give large error due to the maneuver of the space object. In this paper, to consistently track a maneuvering space object, the interacting multiple model (IMM) filter is utilized. Multiple Models with different process noise levels are used to distinguish the maneuvering effects. The IMM cubature Kalman filter (IMM-CKF) is used to track the maneuvering space object which considers of the geometric relations between the space object, space based optical (SBO) sensor, and the sun. The geometric relation highly affects the quality of the observation. A scenario which contains a target spacecraft and four SBO sensors is used to test performance of the IMM-CKF. We also compare the IMM-CKF and the ordinary cubature Kalman filter (CKF). The results indicate that IMM-CKF is more robust than the CKF when the space object undergoes a maneuver. In addition, the detection of a maneuver can be obtained by using the IMM-CKF. Hence, IMM-CKF could facilitate future SBO based SSA mission awareness. C1 [Jia, Bin; Shen, Dan; Wang, Zhonghai; Tian, Xin; Chen, Genshe] Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, 20271 Goldenrod Lane,Suite 2066, Germantown, MD 20876 USA. [Blasch, Erik] Air Force Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Rome, NY 13441 USA. [Pham, Khanh D.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Jia, B (reprint author), Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, 20271 Goldenrod Lane,Suite 2066, Germantown, MD 20876 USA. EM bin.jia@intefusiontech.com; erik.blasch.1@us.af.mil; khanh.pham.1@us.af.mil; dshen@intfusiontech.com; zwang@intfusiontech.com; gchen@intfusiontech.com NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-5380-6 PY 2015 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BF2UN UT WOS:000380501302014 ER PT J AU Martin, T Chang, KC Tian, X Chen, GS Nguyen, T Pham, KD Blasch, E AF Martin, Todd Chang, Kuo-Chu Tian, Xin Chen, Genshe Nguyen, Tien Pham, Khanh D. Blasch, Erik GP IEEE TI A Probabilistic Situational Awareness and Reasoning Methodology for Satellite Communications Resource Management SO 2015 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 07-14, 2015 CL Big Sky, MT AB This paper presents a satellite communications (SATCOM) situational awareness and decision-making methodology that incorporates situational uncertainty with a probabilistic reasoning representation of the SATCOM network and operating environment. The situational awareness and decision model is developed using probabilistic Functional Causal Modeling (FCM) and multiattribute utility theory. The probabilistic FCM is a Bayesian Network developed from the mathematical functions that represent the underlying phenomena of the SATCOM system, operating environment, and operational dynamics. The model provides a formal system for representing cause and effect of system reconfiguration and is built upon well-established engineering models for SATCOM systems. The multiattribute decision model provides a formal basis for in situ decision-making that combines user goals and situational uncertainty. The paper presents the theoretical basis of the technique as well as implementation examples with quantitative analyses. Characteristics of the model components, associated sources of uncertainty, and associated impact on performance and decision making are addressed. The discussion demonstrates the model's use for performance prediction as well as inference of SATCOM resource allocations needed to meet performance goals with desired levels of confidence. C1 [Martin, Todd; Chang, Kuo-Chu] George Mason Univ, Engn Bldg, MS4A6, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Tian, Xin; Chen, Genshe] Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, Germantown, MD 20876 USA. [Nguyen, Tien] Catholic Univ Amer, Sch Engn, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Pham, Khanh D.] Air Force Res lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Blasch, Erik] Air Force Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Martin, T (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Engn Bldg, MS4A6, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM tmartin@gmu.edu; kchang@gmu.edu; xtian@intfusiontech.com; gchen@intfusiontech.com; afrl.rvsv@kirtland.af.mil; erik.blasch.1@us.af.mil NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-5380-6 PY 2015 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BF2UN UT WOS:000380501302029 ER PT J AU Sinclair, AJ Lovell, TA Darling, J AF Sinclair, Andrew J. Lovell, T. Alan Darling, Jacob GP IEEE TI RF Localization Solution using Heterogeneous TDOA SO 2015 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 07-14, 2015 CL Big Sky, MT AB This paper presents a solution for the localization of an RF transmitter using time-difference-of-arrival ( TDOA) measurements that do not share any common receiver location. Localization requires three independent TDOA measurements, and previous solutions have assumed that the three measurements all share a common receiver location. Relaxing this assumption is here referred to as heterogeneous TDOA. The approach presented formulates the TDOA measurements as a system of three quadratic equations for the transmitter position components, and solves these equations using the Macaulay resultant. The heterogeneous TDOAs allow for improved measurement geometry resulting in more accurate localization. The solution also allows for localization by two moving receivers, such as orbiting satellites, collecting TDOA measurements at three instants in time. C1 [Sinclair, Andrew J.] Auburn Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Lovell, T. Alan] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Darling, Jacob] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. RP Sinclair, AJ (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM sinclair@auburn.edu; afrl.rvsv@kirtland.af.mil; jed7w2@mst.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-5380-6 PY 2015 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BF2UN UT WOS:000380501303081 ER PT J AU Thompson, D Werth, M Calef, B Witte, D Williams, S AF Thompson, Daniel Werth, Michael Calef, Brandoch Witte, David Williams, Stacie GP IEEE TI Simultaneous Processing of Visible and Long-Wave Infrared Satellite Imagery SO 2015 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 07-14, 2015 CL Big Sky, MT AB One of the challenges of imaging satellites in the daytime is that the sun is generally behind the satellite from the observer's point of view. This means that much of the satellite structure can be in shadow at any given time. The Air Force Maui Optical and Supercomputing (AMOS) site's 3.6 meter telescope has the capability of recording data simultaneously in two bands of long-wave infrared (LWIR) as well as visible. This presents the possibility of performing joint processing of the infrared and visible imagery, which is appealing because the thermal imagery will not have any shadows. We describe exploitation strategies for this type of data, show the results of joint multiband processing, and compare with single-band images. C1 [Thompson, Daniel; Werth, Michael; Calef, Brandoch] Boeing Co, 550 Lipoa Pkwy, Kihei, HI 96753 USA. [Witte, David] Pantera, Albuquerque, NM 87112 USA. [Williams, Stacie] US Air Force, Res Lab, Kihei, HI 96753 USA. RP Thompson, D (reprint author), Boeing Co, 550 Lipoa Pkwy, Kihei, HI 96753 USA. EM daniel.o.thompson2@boeing.com; michael.p.werth@boeing.com; brandoch.calef@boeing.com; panteracon@aol.com NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-5380-6 PY 2015 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BF2UN UT WOS:000380501300030 ER PT J AU Thompson, R Colombi, J Black, J Ayres, B AF Thompson, Robert Colombi, John Black, Jonathan Ayres, Brad GP IEEE TI Disaggregated Space System Conceptual Design Optimization - Stochastic Analysis Methods SO 2015 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 07-14, 2015 CL Big Sky, MT ID SATELLITE SYSTEMS AB A methodology for the optimization of disaggregated space systems dubbed Disaggregated Integral System Concept Optimization (DISCO) has previously been proposed. The DISCO methodology was applied to multi-orbit and multi-function/multi-orbit disaggregation problems. The performance and resilience of these architectures is dependent upon stochastic variables such as environmental variations, satellite failure rates, and launch vehicle failure rates. This paper introduces techniques for assessing the impacts of these stochastic parameters on optimized space system conceptual designs, and their associated lifecycle costs. Previous analysis was performed identifying cost effective Disaggregated Weather System Follow-on (DWSF) conceptual architectures. The analysis techniques introduced in this paper are also applied to DWSF. This application demonstrates that the identified minimum cost solution is also the minimum cost risk solution for empirically derived satellite and launch vehicle failure rates. Initial results also indicate that the identified DWSF solution is very robust to significant reductions in satellite and launch vehicle reliability parameters. Conceptual design considerations gleamed from the applied stochastic analysis techniques are then discussed along with the broader implications on small satellite constellation designs and small satellite access to space. C1 [Thompson, Robert; Colombi, John; Ayres, Brad] US Air Force, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Black, Jonathan] Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Thompson, R (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Robert.Thompson@afit.edu; John.Colombi@afit.edu; Jonathan.Black@vt.edu; Bradley.Ayres@afit.edu NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-5380-6 PY 2015 PG 16 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BF2UN UT WOS:000380501301058 ER PT J AU Vazquez, AJ Erwin, RS AF Vazquez, Antonio J. Erwin, R. Scott GP IEEE TI Noncooperative Satellite Range Scheduling with Perfect Information SO 2015 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 07-14, 2015 CL Big Sky, MT AB The Satellite Range Scheduling problem has been traditionally approached in a centralized manner. Existing literature provides a wide variety of sub-optimal algorithms for allocating communication times between a list of satellites and a network of ground stations. The authors have provided an optimal solution for this problem in previous work. But regardless of the optimality, the application of a centralized solution in a distributed system raises the question: could a selfish party improve its schedule by unilaterally deviating from the precomputed centralized solution? Through a game theoretic approach where all the parties act selfishly, the authors show that the system converges to an Stackelberg equilibrium which can be computed in polynomial time for a fixed number of players. Results are illustrated via simple numerical example. C1 [Vazquez, Antonio J.] CNR, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Erwin, R. Scott] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, AFRLI RVSV, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Vazquez, AJ (reprint author), CNR, Ottawa, ON, Canada. EM ajvazquez.teleco@gmail.com NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-5380-6 PY 2015 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BF2UN UT WOS:000380501304010 ER PT J AU Vazquez, AJ Erwin, RS AF Vazquez, Antonio J. Erwin, R. Scott GP IEEE TI Robust Fixed Interval Satellite Range Scheduling SO 2015 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 07-14, 2015 CL Big Sky, MT AB The Satellite Range Scheduling problem has been solved in previous work by the authors. However, real scenarios may involve contingencies on the satellites, the ground stations or the communication link, which in practice can be translated as communication requests eventually being dropped from the schedule with a certain probability. Compared to existing suboptimal approaches which add back-up passes to a nominal schedule, robust scheduling finds the schedule with maximal expected performance. Robust schedules are not necessarily free of conflicts, conversely to optimal schedules, and thus finding the robust schedule poses increased complexity. The authors investigate the tractability bounds for the case where these requests have fixed start and end times, different priorities, and different failure probabilities, and provide a linear time algorithm for obtaining the robust schedule in scenarios with a single scheduling entity, laying the foundations for studying more complex cases. C1 [Vazquez, Antonio J.] CNR, Washington, DC 20418 USA. [Erwin, R. Scott] AFRL RVSV, Space Vehicles Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Vazquez, AJ (reprint author), CNR, Washington, DC 20418 USA. EM ajvazquez.teleco@gmail.com NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-5380-6 PY 2015 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BF2UN UT WOS:000380501304011 ER PT J AU Vincent, OL Kanter, MH Morgan, DC AF Vincent, Oba L., II Kanter, Matthew H. Morgan, Daniel C. GP IEEE TI Implementation of the First Orbital/Suborbital Program-3 Mission SO 2015 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 07-14, 2015 CL Big Sky, MT AB The Orbital/Suborbital Program (OSP) is in the third manifestation of its contract form known as OSP-3. The OSP-3 contract is managed by the Rocket Systems Launch Program, which is part of the Air Force Space and Missile Systems Center (SMC) and is operated out of Kirtland Air Force Base, New Mexico. OSP-3 is an expansion from OSP-2 in that it not only continues to utilize excess ICBM motors, but also includes potential Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle new entrant launch vehicles. The OSP-3 contract allows for two lanes of vehicles, those that provide 400-4,000 lbs capability to low earth orbit (LEO) and long-range sub-orbital and those that provide 4,00020,000 lbs capability to LEO. The OSP-3 contract allows for an indefinite delivery, indefinite quantity with a $900M ceiling based on a firm fixed price service contract strategy. The first Task Order awarded on the OSP-3 contract was issued 4 December 2012 for the launch of the Deep Space Climate Observatory (DSCOVR) mission. DSCOVR is a joint effort between NOAA and NASA to provide real-time monitoring and advanced warning of space weather events along with providing earth-sensing data and imagery for environmental research. The DSCOVR mission will be launched on an earth escape trajectory to Sun-Earth Lagrange point one (L1). NOAA is funding NASA Goddard Spaceflight Center to refurbish the DSCOVR satellite (formally known as Triana) and NOAA will operate the spacecraft once checkouts are complete at the destination. This paper discusses some of the challenges, lessons, and successes encountered during the implementation of the OSP-3 contract for the DSCOVR mission. C1 [Vincent, Oba L., II] US Air Force, Launch Div, Space Dev & Test Directorate, 3548 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Kanter, Matthew H.] Aerosp Corp, Space Innovat Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Morgan, Daniel C.] TASC, Space Syst Sect, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Vincent, OL (reprint author), US Air Force, Launch Div, Space Dev & Test Directorate, 3548 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM Oba.Vincent.2@us.af.mil; kanter@aero.org; Daniel.Morgan@tasc.com NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-5380-6 PY 2015 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BF2UN UT WOS:000380501300045 ER PT S AU Gupta, A Medley, M Jornet, JM AF Gupta, Ajeya Medley, Michael Jornet, Josep Miquel GP IEEE TI Joint Synchronization and Symbol Detection Design for Pulse-based Communications in the THz Band SO 2015 IEEE GLOBAL COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE (GLOBECOM) SE IEEE Global Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM) CY DEC 06-10, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, QUALCOMM, Keysight Technologies, Huawei, Natl Instruments, Intel, InterDigital, LG Elect, IEEE Big Data, IEEE Stand Assoc, ViaSat, IEEE Commun Soc ID TERAHERTZ BAND; GRAPHENE AB Ongoing research in graphene-based nanotransceivers and nano-antennas points to the Terahertz (THz) band (0.1-10 THz) as the communication frequency range for nano-devices. Femtosecond-long pulse-based modulation schemes have been proposed to enable ultra-broadband communication among nano-devices. One of the main challenges with ultrahigh- speed pulse-based communications is the need for tight symbol synchronization between transmitter and receiver. In this paper, a synchronization scheme for pulse-based THz-band communications is designed and analyzed. The proposed scheme is aimed at iteratively estimating the symbol start time and reducing the observation window length for the symbol detector. The proposed scheme is fully analog and can be implemented with a combination of voltage-controlled delay (VCD) lines and Continuous-Time Moving-Average (CTMA) symbol detectors. Closed form expressions are obtained for the number of preamble symbols needed to achieve synchronization as well as the maximum number of bits that can be transmitted before requiring re-synchronization in the presence of clock skew. Similarly, the symbol error rate of the CTMA receiver is analytically modeled as a function of the resulting observation window length. Finally, the synchronization and symbol detection impact on the achievable throughput is studied. The developed scheme is experimentally tested with measured THz pulses and its performance is numerically investigated. The results show how the proposed scheme can successfully estimate the symbol start time and minimize the symbol error rate with less than ten synchronization preamble bits. C1 [Gupta, Ajeya; Jornet, Josep Miquel] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Elect Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Medley, Michael] US Air Force, Res Lab, RITE, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Gupta, A (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Elect Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM ajeyayog@buffalo.edu; michael.medley@us.af.mil; jmjornet@buffalo.edu NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2334-0983 BN 978-1-4799-5952-5 J9 IEEE GLOB COMM CONF PY 2015 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BF5OL UT WOS:000382389305001 ER PT J AU Mancuso, VF Greenlee, ET Funke, G Dukes, A Menke, L Brown, R Miller, B AF Mancuso, Vincent F. Greenlee, Eric T. Funke, Gregory Dukes, Allen Menke, Lauren Brown, Rebecca Miller, Brent BE Ahram, T Karwowski, W Schmorrow, D TI Augmenting cyber defender performance and workload through sonified displays SO 6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON APPLIED HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS (AHFE 2015) AND THE AFFILIATED CONFERENCES, AHFE 2015 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE) CY JUL 26-30, 2015 CL Las Vegas, NV DE Cyber; Sonification; Workload; Stress ID VIGILANCE AB Military cyber operations occur in a cognitively intense and stressful environment, and consequently, operator burnout is relatively high when compared to other operational environments. There is a distinct need for new and innovative ways to augment operator capabilities, increase performance, manage workload, and decrease stress in cyber. In this study, we assessed how a sonified display could address these requirements. Sonification has been demonstrated to be a useful method for presenting temporal data in multiple domains. Participants in the experiment were tasked with detecting evidence of a cyber attack in a simulated task environment modeled after "Wireshark," a popular packet analyzer program. As they completed the task, participants either did or did not have access to a redundant sonified display that provided an auditory representation of the textual data presented in Wireshark. We expected that the sonified display would improve operator performance and reduce workload and stress. However, our results did not support those expectations - access to the sonification did not affect performance, workload, or stress. Our findings highlight the need for continued research into effective methods for augmenting cyber operator capabilities. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Mancuso, Vincent F.] AFRL, ORISE, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Greenlee, Eric T.] Univ Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL USA. [Funke, Gregory; Dukes, Allen; Miller, Brent] RHCP, Wirral, Merseyside, England. [Menke, Lauren; Brown, Rebecca] Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Fairborn, OH USA. RP Mancuso, VF (reprint author), AFRL, ORISE, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM vincent.mancuso.1.ctr@us.af.mil NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS PY 2015 BP 5214 EP 5221 DI 10.1016/j.promfg.2015.07.589 PG 8 WC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering GA BF6UZ UT WOS:000383740305048 ER PT S AU Lille, JV Anderson, T AF Lille, James V. Anderson, Timothy BE Kocaoglu, DF Anderson, TR Daim, TU Kozanoglu, DC Niwa, K Perman, G TI Multiple Objective Evolution Strategies Using Data Envelopment Analysis SO PICMET '15 PORTLAND INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR MANAGEMENT OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY SE Portland International Conference on Management of Engineering and Technology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Portland International Conference on Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET) CY AUG 02-06, 2015 CL Portland, OR SP Portland State Univ, Dept Engn & Technol Management, N Amer Travel Portland, Panason Syst Commun Co, Portland Int Ctr Management Engn & Technol, Maseeh Coll Engn & Comp Sci, Off Informat Technol Instruct Technol Serv & Classroom Audio Visual Event Team ID OPTIMIZATION; ALGORITHMS AB Often in science and engineering we are faced with complicated nonlinear problems in optimization that involve simultaneously minimizing or maximizing various non-commensurate quantities. For example, a basic task in design engineering or technology management is to balance suitable measures of performance against the cost. We present a simplified approach for performing multiple objective optimization by combining standard single objective Evolution Strategies with Data Envelopment Analysis. This latter method employs linear programming to compute an L1 distance of a given solution from the Pareto frontier defined by the evolving population of solutions, or from a related frontier defined by DEA. This quantity is then used in a fitness function. Real variable linear programs must be solved for the optimization of convex problems, while the solution of mixed integer linear programs is required to optimize general non-convex problems. This hybrid method yields highly converged results with good coverage of the Pareto frontier when applied to a standardized suite of multiple objective problems. Several current applications will be discussed that employ a massively parallel program (MOES) written in C and MPI that runs on supercomputers. This material was assigned a clearance CLEARED, Case Number 88ABW-2015-0638. C1 [Lille, James V.] Air Force Res Lab, Engil Corp, Dept Def, Supercomp Resource Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Anderson, Timothy] Portland State Univ, Dept Engn & Technol Management, Portland, OR 97207 USA. RP Lille, JV (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Engil Corp, Dept Def, Supercomp Resource Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2159-5100 BN 978-1-8908-4332-8 J9 PORTL INT CONF MANAG PY 2015 BP 1969 EP 1977 PG 9 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BF4AJ UT WOS:000380611600193 ER PT J AU Havrilla, MJ AF Havrilla, Michael J. GP IEEE TI Comparison of Six, Four and Two-Vector Formalisms for Complex Media SO 2015 USNC-URSI RADIO SCIENCE MEETING (JOINT WITH AP-S SYMPOSIUM) PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting (Joint with AP-S Symposium) Proceedings CY JUL 19-19, 2015 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Inst Elect Elect Engineers, IEEE Antennas Propagat Soc, IEEE, URSI C1 [Havrilla, Michael J.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-7817-5 PY 2015 BP 43 EP 43 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BF3TC UT WOS:000380575300043 ER PT J AU Bogle, AE Havrilla, MJ AF Bogle, Andrew E. Havrilla, Michael J. GP IEEE TI Green's Function for a Biaxial Medium using a Four-Vector Formalism SO 2015 USNC-URSI RADIO SCIENCE MEETING (JOINT WITH AP-S SYMPOSIUM) PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting (Joint with AP-S Symposium) Proceedings CY JUL 19-19, 2015 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Inst Elect Elect Engineers, IEEE Antennas Propagat Soc, IEEE, URSI C1 [Bogle, Andrew E.; Havrilla, Michael J.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-7817-5 PY 2015 BP 44 EP 44 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BF3TC UT WOS:000380575300044 ER PT J AU Derov, JS Jackson, D AF Derov, John S. Jackson, Daniel GP IEEE TI The Propagation of the Longitudinal and Transverse Spatial Modes in a Metamaterial SO 2015 USNC-URSI RADIO SCIENCE MEETING (JOINT WITH AP-S SYMPOSIUM) PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting (Joint with AP-S Symposium) Proceedings CY JUL 19-19, 2015 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Inst Elect Elect Engineers, IEEE Antennas Propagat Soc, IEEE, URSI C1 [Derov, John S.; Jackson, Daniel] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Jackson, Daniel] Riverside Res, Beavercreek, OH 45431 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-7817-5 PY 2015 BP 105 EP 105 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BF3TC UT WOS:000380575300105 ER PT J AU Lukacs, MW Collins, PJ Temple, MA AF Lukacs, Mathew W. Collins, Peter J. Temple, Michael A. GP IEEE TI Device Classification Performance Modeling Using UWB Stimulated "RF-DNA" Fingerprinting SO 2015 USNC-URSI RADIO SCIENCE MEETING (JOINT WITH AP-S SYMPOSIUM) PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting (Joint with AP-S Symposium) Proceedings CY JUL 19-19, 2015 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Inst Elect Elect Engineers, IEEE Antennas Propagat Soc, IEEE, URSI C1 [Lukacs, Mathew W.; Collins, Peter J.; Temple, Michael A.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-7817-5 PY 2015 BP 183 EP 183 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BF3TC UT WOS:000380575300183 ER PT J AU Park, J Ding, KH Kim, K Mudaliar, S Tzanos, P Smith, GE Baker, CJ AF Park, James Ding, Kung-Hau Kim, Kristopher Mudaliar, Saba Tzanos, Panos Smith, Graeme E. Baker, Chris J. GP IEEE TI Temporal Analysis of S-band Monostatic Sea Clutter at the Low Grazing Angles SO 2015 USNC-URSI RADIO SCIENCE MEETING (JOINT WITH AP-S SYMPOSIUM) PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting (Joint with AP-S Symposium) Proceedings CY JUL 19-19, 2015 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Inst Elect Elect Engineers, IEEE Antennas Propagat Soc, IEEE, URSI C1 [Park, James; Ding, Kung-Hau; Kim, Kristopher; Mudaliar, Saba; Tzanos, Panos] Air Force Res Lab, Antenna & Electromagnet Technol Branch, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Smith, Graeme E.; Baker, Chris J.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Electrosci Lab, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-7817-5 PY 2015 BP 262 EP 262 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BF3TC UT WOS:000380575300262 ER PT J AU Stroud, A Derosa, PA Muratory, C Leuty, G Muratore, C Berry, R Derosa, PA AF Stroud, Andrew Derosa, Pedro A. Muratory, Christopher Leuty, Gary Muratore, Christopher Berry, Rajiv Derosa, Pedro A. GP IEEE TI Effects of Impurities and Lattice Imperfections on the Conductive Properties of MoS2 SO 2015 IEEE 15TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NANOTECHNOLOGY (IEEE-NANO) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE NANO 2015 15th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NANOTECHNOLOGY CY JUL 27-30, 2015 CL ROME, ITALY SP Univ di Roma, SAPIENZA UNIV DI ROMA, IEEE, IEEE NANO, USN DEPT OF THE NAVY SCI & TECHNOL, ISTITUTO ITALIANO DI TECNOLOGIA, CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS, Centro Studi e Documentazione sulla Sensoristica, FEI, Nanoscale Horizons, UNIV NOTRE DAME DE Modeling; 2-D Materials Beyond Graphene; Device ID PROGRESS AB The effects of vacancies on the electronic properties of transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) semiconductors is studied and the absorption of water demonstrated by modeling molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanoscale devices. The simulations presented here combine molecular dynamics (MD), density functional theory (DFT), and non-equilibrium Green's function (NEGF) formalism. Combining these methods, the effects of single and double S vacancy and a single Mo vacancy on charge transport are detailed by looking at transmission functions and conduction paths. The contrast on the effect of double S vacancy and Mo vacancy is intriguing, with only hole transport and electron transport respectively, being affected by the defect. Adsorption of water and oxygen at defects, particularly grain boundaries, is demonstrated via MD simulations. C1 [Stroud, Andrew; Derosa, Pedro A.] Louisiana Tech Univ, Inst Micromfg, Ruston, LA 71270 USA. [Stroud, Andrew; Derosa, Pedro A.] Louisiana Tech Univ, Dept Phys, Ruston, LA 71270 USA. [Muratory, Christopher] Univ Dayton, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Leuty, Gary; Muratore, Christopher; Berry, Rajiv] US Air Force, Mat & Mfg Directory, Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. [Derosa, Pedro A.] Grambling State Univ, Dept Math & Phys, Grambling, LA USA. RP Stroud, A (reprint author), Louisiana Tech Univ, Inst Micromfg, Ruston, LA 71270 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-8155-0 PY 2015 BP 613 EP 616 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BF3AF UT WOS:000380515200059 ER PT B AU Medzorian, J AF Medzorian, John BA Schmidt, RK BF Schmidt, RK TI An Investigation of Landing Gear Shimmy: Tire Models, Tire Test Methodologies, Analysis and Parameter Studies SO ADVANCES IN AIRCRAFT LANDING GEAR LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB This paper presents typical tire models used by the aerospace community for studying landing gear shimmy. Closed form solutions were developed for the tire models and fit to different types of laboratory tire data. The laboratory tests include the traditional windup tests on a Tire Force Machine, dynamic non-rolling tests on the dynamometer and tire force machine, and dynamic yaw and rolling tests on the dynamometer. Both bias and radial tire designs were studied in both the new and worn condition. Based on the testing performed, significantly different tire property information is obtained. For example, torsional stiffness measured for the non-rolling condition was nearly three times larger than that measured for the rolling tire. Also, very large differences in the torsional damping coefficient between tire types were only evident through dynamic yaw and rolling testing. A discrete landing gear shimmy model was developed to study the effects of tire type and other landing gear parameters. It was determined that the radial tire is less prone to self excite in shimmy due to the larger torsional damping coefficient. In the worn condition, both the radial and bias tires become more prone to self shimmy excitation. However, at higher speeds, effect of tire con figuration becomes less significant. Erect of mass damping and friction was also studied and analytical stability simulations were performed. Full scale laboratory shimmy testing was performed on the dynamometer to study the effects of tire type, mass damping and friction. In all cases, the analysis agreed well with experimental observations. Testing revealed that the worn bias tire was the least stable since it was most prone to self excite in shimmy at relatively low speeds. Effects of adding mass and friction were shown to add significant stability to the gear. C1 [Medzorian, John] Air Force Res Lab, Flight Syst Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Medzorian, J (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Flight Syst Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAE INTERNATIONAL PI WARRENDALE PA 400 COMMONWEALTH DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15096 USA BN 978-0-7680-8246-3; 978-0-7680-8218-0 PY 2015 BP 37 EP 64 D2 10.4271/pt-169 PG 28 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BF5NZ UT WOS:000382329600005 ER PT S AU McCourt, MJ Mehta, SS Kan, Z Curtis, JW AF McCourt, Michael J. Mehta, Siddhartha S. Kan, Zhen Curtis, J. Willard GP IEEE TI Multiple CLFs for Stabilization of Nonlinear Systems with Input Constraints SO 2015 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNETICS (SMC 2015): BIG DATA ANALYTICS FOR HUMAN-CENTRIC SYSTEMS SE IEEE International Conference on Systems Man and Cybernetics Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC) CY OCT 09-12, 2015 CL City Univ Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Syst Man & Cybernet Soc, Hong Kong Polytechn Univ, K C Wong Fdn HO City Univ Hong Kong ID CONTROL LYAPUNOV FUNCTIONS; HYBRID SYSTEMS; SWITCHED SYSTEMS; LINEAR-SYSTEMS; STABILITY; CONSTRUCTION AB This paper considers stabilizing a nonlinear system with input constraints using switched control. The first result is that, for a given control Lyapunov function (CLF), a stabilizable set of initial conditions can be found. The paper then considers switching between multiple CLFs to increase the space of stabilizing inputs which also increases the set of stabilizable initial conditions. An algorithm is presented that identifies a subset of the known CLFs that may be used at the current time to produce stabilizing control inputs. While there are existing results for switched system stabilization using CLFs, stabilization for systems with input constraints is an original contribution. Sum of squares (SOS) methods are discussed for generating multiple CLFs, and examples are provided. C1 [McCourt, Michael J.; Kan, Zhen] Univ Florida, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Mehta, Siddhartha S.] Univ Florida, Dept Ind & Syst Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Curtis, J. Willard] US Air Force, Munit Directorate, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL USA. RP McCourt, MJ (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM mccourt@ufl.edu; siddhart@ufl.edu; kanzhen0322@ufl.edu; jess.curtis@eglin.af.mil NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1062-922X BN 978-1-4799-8696-5 J9 IEEE SYS MAN CYBERN PY 2015 BP 38 EP 43 DI 10.1109/SMC.2015.20 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BE2BU UT WOS:000368940200007 ER PT S AU Mehta, SS MacKunis, W Kan, Z McCourt, M Curtis, JW AF Mehta, S. S. MacKunis, W. Kan, Z. McCourt, M. Curtis, J. W. GP IEEE TI Context-Aware Communication to Stabilize Bandwidth-Limited Nonlinear Networked Control Systems SO 2015 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNETICS (SMC 2015): BIG DATA ANALYTICS FOR HUMAN-CENTRIC SYSTEMS SE IEEE International Conference on Systems Man and Cybernetics Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC) CY OCT 09-12, 2015 CL City Univ Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Syst Man & Cybernet Soc, Hong Kong Polytechn Univ, K C Wong Fdn HO City Univ Hong Kong ID MANIPULATORS; FEEDBACK AB In this paper, context-aware communication that stabilizes a class of nonlinear networked control systems (NCS) operating over a bandwidth-limited shared-channel is proposed to reduce network traffic. The NCS under consideration includes feedback and feedforward communication channels, and is assumed to be perturbed by an unmodeled, nonlinear disturbance. Informational value of the output states can be analyzed in the context of system stability using model-based approaches. When fused with event-based triggering, these context-aware communication policies result in aperiodic feedback and feedforward signals that guarantee uniformly ultimately bounded tracking of output states of an uncertain perturbed system along the desired time-varying trajectory. The proposed NCS is validated using extensive simulation results for nonlinear coupled MIMO systems. C1 [Mehta, S. S.; Kan, Z.; McCourt, M.] Univ Florida, Res & Engn Educ Facil, Shalimar, FL 32579 USA. [MacKunis, W.] Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Daytona Beach, FL 32114 USA. [Curtis, J. W.] US Air Force, Munit Directorate, Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Mehta, SS (reprint author), Univ Florida, Res & Engn Educ Facil, Shalimar, FL 32579 USA. EM siddhart@ufl.edu NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1062-922X BN 978-1-4799-8696-5 J9 IEEE SYS MAN CYBERN PY 2015 BP 44 EP 49 DI 10.1109/SMC.2015.21 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BE2BU UT WOS:000368940200008 ER PT J AU Rendleman, JD Mountin, SM AF Rendleman, James D. Mountin, Sarah M. BE Hacioglu, A Ince, F Kaynak, O Unal, MF Basturk, S TI Responsible SSA Cooperation To Mitigate On-orbit Space Debris Risks SO 2015 7TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RECENT ADVANCES IN SPACE TECHNOLOGIES (RAST) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Recent Advances in Space Technologies (RAST) CY JUN 16-19, 2015 CL Istanbul, TURKEY SP IEEE, AIAA, URSI, AESS, GRSS, EARSeL, ISPRS, Turkish Air Force Acad, Istanbul Tech Univ, Bogazici Univ, Middle E Tech Univ, Yildiz Tech Univ, Roketsan, Havelsan, Turksat, Aselsan, TAI, Tusas Engine Ind Inc, Petlas, ALP Havacilik, Mitsubishi Elect, Space & Defence Technologies, ThalesAlenia Space, Savunma Havacilik, MSI DE space; situational; awareness; SSA; surveillance; CubeSat; satellite; spacecraft; debris; collision; avoidance; conjunction; USSTRATCOM; JSpOC; sharing AB The outer space domain has become increasingly congested. In order to responsibly operate space systems, owner/operators must track their satellites and maintain awareness of all other tracked space objects, and act to minimize any risks that can be identified. This has spawned an evolution of space systems operational practices. Commercial and other satellite owner/operators rely on space situational awareness (SSA) information needed to reduce the chances of collisions with other spacecraft or orbital debris. The United States (U.S.) Strategic Command (USSTRATCOM) has been authorized to make SSA information and services available to non-U.S. foreign and commercial entities. Responding to the needs, direct private SSA solutions also have been proposed to satisfy perceived needs in the operator marketplace. C1 [Rendleman, James D.] US Strateg Command, Joint Funct Component Command Space, Vandenberg AFB, CA 93437 USA. [Mountin, Sarah M.] US Strateg Command, Offutt AFB, NE USA. RP Rendleman, JD (reprint author), US Strateg Command, Joint Funct Component Command Space, Vandenberg AFB, CA 93437 USA. EM spacelawyer@rocketmail.com NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-7697-3 PY 2015 BP 851 EP 856 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BF4RN UT WOS:000381627000143 ER PT J AU Nina, O Rodriguez, A AF Nina, Oliver Rodriguez, Andres GP IEEE TI Simplified LSTM Unit and Search Space Probability Exploration for Image Description SO 2015 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION, COMMUNICATIONS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING (ICICS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Information, Communications and Signal Processing (ICICS) CY DEC 02-04, 2015 CL Singapore, SINGAPORE AB We present a novel method for addressing the semantic description of images. Our method offers two main contributions. First we introduce a recurrent unit that we call a simplified long short-term memory (LSTM) unit which, in contrast to traditional LSTM units, couples the functions of the input and forget gates into a single gate; we observed that this simpler unit improves accuracy. We also propose a novel algorithm for exploring the search space of sentences inferred through a joined Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and our simplified LSTM unit. We explore the search space by reducing it to a search over sequential trees for the combination of sequences that best represent the image to be described. Our results show improvement over the state of the art methods on the COCO [1] and Flickr8K [2] datasets. C1 [Nina, Oliver] Univ Cent Florida, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Rodriguez, Andres] US Air Force, Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. RP Nina, O (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. EM onina@eecs.ucf.edu; andres.rodriguez.8@us.af.mil NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-7218-3 PY 2015 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BF4WZ UT WOS:000381754800163 ER PT J AU Fickus, M Mixon, DG AF Fickus, Matthew Mixon, Dustin G. GP IEEE TI Projection Retrieval: Theory and Algorithms SO 2015 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SAMPLING THEORY AND APPLICATIONS (SAMPTA) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Sampling Theory and Applications (SampTA) CY MAY 25-29, 2015 CL Washington, DC SP Univ Maryland, Army Res Lab ID PHASE RETRIEVAL; MANIFOLDS AB We consider the fundamental problem of determining a low-rank orthogonal projection operator P from measurements of the form parallel to Px parallel to. First, we leverage a nonembedding result for the complex Grassmannian to establish and analyze a lower bound on the number of measurements necessary to uniquely determine every possible P. Next, we provide a collection of particularly few measurement vectors that uniquely determine almost every P. Finally, we propose manifold-constrained least-squares optimization as a general technique for projection retrieval. C1 [Fickus, Matthew; Mixon, Dustin G.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Fickus, M (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Dustin.Mixon@afit.edu NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-7353-1 PY 2015 BP 183 EP 186 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA BF2UI UT WOS:000380500800039 ER PT S AU Henning, RG Paul, SC AF Henning, Richard G. Paul, Steven C. GP IEEE TI Overview of Airborne Oceanic Survey Capabilities of the NOAA Aircraft Operations Center SO OCEANS 2015 - MTS/IEEE WASHINGTON SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT OCEANS MTS/IEEE Conference CY OCT 19-22, 2015 CL Washington, DC SP MTS, IEEE AB The NOAA Aircraft Operations Center (AOC) operates a fleet of nine aircraft based in Tampa, FL at MacDill AFB. These aircraft can be configured to meet specific scientific requirements and have been successfully used to conduct a full range of airborne oceanic research around the globe. While best known for its role as "Hurricane Hunters", AOC deploys its planes from the Arctic Ocean to the Tropics in a wide variety of missions. The two WP-3D Orion aircraft have played a key role in oceanic research for nearly four decades. This presentation will provide an overview of the types of oceanic research missions conducted by the four engine turboprop WP-3D, with an emphasis on the capabilities of the Orion as an airborne platform to exploit emerging technologies supporting advances in oceanic survey techniques. Additionally, AOC operates three types of light aircraft that perform a wide range of remote sensing roles (both overland and overwater) along with several experimental unmanned aerial systems (UASs). The NOAA WP-3Ds first became operational in 1976 but have undergone a number of programmatic upgrades in recent years. Over the next three years both WP-3Ds will undergo a comprehensive 14 month service life extension maintenance project where significant portions of the wings, tail and avionics are being replaced (along with 4 upgraded Rolls Royce engines). This is expected to extend the service life an additional 20+ years. Each Orion can deploy dozens of Airborne Expendable Bathythermographs (AXBTs) on missions through a combination of external and internal buoy launch tubes. Conductivity Temperature and Depth (AXCTDs) and Current Profilers (AXCPs) can also be launched (but only using an internal free fall chute). More than 70 buoys were deployed on some missions in the Gulf of Mexico in the aftermath of the 2010 Deepwater Horizon disaster. In 1983, oceanographic research flights between Mexico and Ecuador studying El Nino launched over 100 buoys per mission. With the capability to fly at low altitudes for mission durations of up to 10 hours (covering tracks in excess of 3000 km in length), the WP-3D has an unmatched track record of success in its ability to survey the ocean. In addition to the Orion, AOC operates four de Havilland (DHC-6) Twin Otter aircraft as well as a Gulfstream Turbo (Jet Prop) Commander 1000 (695A) and a Hawker Beechcraft King Air 350ER. Each is a proven remote sensing platform with the capability to loiter at low altitude over the ocean and collect data. Finally, for the past few years AOC has been operating a small number of unmanned aerial systems (UASs) including the Puma, which has been successfully deployed from NOAA research vessels, and the Coyote launched from the Orion. C1 [Henning, Richard G.; Paul, Steven C.] NOAA Aircraft Operat Ctr, 7917 Hangar Loop Dr,Hangar 5, Macdill AFB, FL 33608 USA. RP Henning, RG (reprint author), NOAA Aircraft Operat Ctr, 7917 Hangar Loop Dr,Hangar 5, Macdill AFB, FL 33608 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-0-933957-43-5 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2015 PG 5 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BF3JW UT WOS:000380550000176 ER PT S AU Zhang, XY Hosseini, A Subbaraman, H Luo, JD Jen, AAK Chung, CJ Yan, H Pan, ZY Nelson, RL Chen, RT AF Zhang, Xingyu Hosseini, Amir Subbaraman, Harish Luo, Jingdong Jen, Alex A. K. Chung, Chi-jui Yan, Hai Pan, Zeyu Nelson, Robert L. Chen, Ray T. GP IEEE TI Backside-gate-assisted Broadband Modulation on Silicon-polymer Hybrid Photonic Crystal Waveguide SO 2015 IEEE OPTICAL INTERCONNECTS CONFERENCE SE Optical Interconnects Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Optical Interconnects Conference CY APR 20-22, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP Intel, Lumerical Illuminating the way, HP, Oracle, TE Connectivity AB We demonstrate an electro-optic polymer filled slot photonic-crystal waveguide modulator with a record-high effective in-device r(33) of 1230pm/V. Assisted by a backside gate-field, 3-dB bandwidth of 15GHz and energy consumption of 94.4fJ/bit are experimentally demonstrated. C1 [Zhang, Xingyu; Chung, Chi-jui; Yan, Hai; Pan, Zeyu; Chen, Ray T.] Univ Texas Austin, Elect & Comp Engn Dept, Microelect Res Ctr, Austin, TX 78758 USA. [Hosseini, Amir; Subbaraman, Harish; Chen, Ray T.] Omega Opt Inc, Austin, TX 78759 USA. [Luo, Jingdong; Jen, Alex A. K.] Univ Washington, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Nelson, Robert L.] US Air Force, Res Lab Wright Patterson, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Zhang, XY (reprint author), Hewlett Packard Labs, 1501 Page Mill Rd, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. EM xzhang@utexas.edu; raychen@uts.cc.utexas.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2376-8665 BN 978-1-4799-8178-6 J9 OPT INTERCONNECT C PY 2015 BP 138 EP 139 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BF3OF UT WOS:000380561600062 ER PT J AU Upchurch, J Zhou, XB AF Upchurch, Jason Zhou, Xiaobo GP IEEE TI Variant: A Malware Similarity Testing Framework SO 2015 10th International Conference on Malicious and Unwanted Software (MALWARE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Malicious and Unwanted Software (MALWARE) CY OCT 20-22, 2015 CL Fajardo, PR AB This paper describes Variant, a testing framework for projects attempting to locate variants of malware families through similarity testing. The framework is a series of tests and data standards to evaluate recall and precision in tools that attempt to statically measure similarity in implementation of compiled software, specifically in determining code reuse in compiled software to identify malware variants. The paper offers a malware test dataset that has been manually analyzed to provide a gold standard dataset to be used in current and future malware variant detection works. This set provides a much needed resource in standardizing results across numerous works that have, so far, been tested against datasets that are either not reproducible, algorithmically derived, or both. The framework and dataset provided in this paper are used to test several malware detection approaches published in academic works or used in industry. Finally, the paper brings alignment of testing and reporting methods used in malware variant detection to those used in other statical testing methods used in industry and academia. C1 [Upchurch, Jason] US Air Force Acad, Ctr Innovat, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Upchurch, Jason] Intel Corp, Intel Secur Grp, Hillsboro, OR 97124 USA. [Upchurch, Jason; Zhou, Xiaobo] Univ Colorado, Dept Comp Sci, Colorado Springs, CO 80907 USA. RP Upchurch, J (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Ctr Innovat, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM jason.upchurch.ctr@usafa.edu; xzhou@uccs.edu NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-5090-0319-8 PY 2015 BP 31 EP 39 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BF4DI UT WOS:000380620100004 ER PT J AU Atahary, T Taha, T Webber, F Douglass, S AF Atahary, Tanvir Taha, Tarek Webber, Fredrick Douglass, Scott BE Saisho, K TI Knowledge Mining for Cognitive Agents Through Path based Forward Checking SO 2015 16TH IEEE/ACIS INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, NETWORKING AND PARALLEL/DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING (SNPD) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th IEEE/ACIS International Conference on Software Engineering, Artificial Intelligence, Networking and Parallel/Distributed Computing (SNPD) CY JUN 01-03, 2015 CL Takamatsu, JAPAN SP IEEE, ACIS DE Knowledge Mining; Accelerate Constraint Satisfaction problem; Forward Checking; Cognitive Agents AB The Cognitively Enhanced Complex Event Processing (CECEP) architecture is an autonomous decision support tool that reasons and learns like humans and enables enhanced agent-based decision making. This architecture has applications in both military and civilian domains, including operations research and data mining. One of the most computationally challenging aspects of CECEP is mining domain knowledge captured in cognitive domain ontologies (CDOs). This requires massively linked knowledge databases to be searched based on a large set of constraints to generate intelligent decisions. The solution search for CDOs is a kind of Constraint Satisfaction Problem (CSP). Due to the unique nature of the CDO-to-CSP mapping, generic constraint solvers are inefficient. We introduce a novel high performance path based forward checking CSP algorithm to solve CDOs and compare it to a commonly utilized CSP solving application. Additionally our approach enables a very compact and efficient representation of the entire solution space to allow fast processing and give agents key ideas on how to further reduce the solution space. The proposed algorithm provided a speedup of about 10-25 times for generating the first solution and about half a million times for all the solutions over a Choco based conventional CSP approach. C1 [Atahary, Tanvir; Taha, Tarek; Webber, Fredrick] Univ Dayton, Elect & Comp Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Douglass, Scott] Air Force Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Atahary, T (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Elect & Comp Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-8676-7 PY 2015 BP 5 EP 12 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BF1WD UT WOS:000380439700003 ER PT J AU Edmonds, M Atahary, T Taha, T Douglass, SA AF Edmonds, Mark Atahary, Tanvir Taha, Tarek Douglass, Scott A. BE Saisho, K TI High Performance Declarative Memory Systems through MapReduce SO 2015 16TH IEEE/ACIS INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, NETWORKING AND PARALLEL/DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING (SNPD) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th IEEE/ACIS International Conference on Software Engineering, Artificial Intelligence, Networking and Parallel/Distributed Computing (SNPD) CY JUN 01-03, 2015 CL Takamatsu, JAPAN SP IEEE, ACIS DE ACT-R; declarative memory; semantic networks; MapReduce; parallel activation calculation AB This paper describes the acceleration of the declarative knowledge retrieval system of a cognitive architecture, namely ACT-R. The core of ACT-R's retrieval mechanism, activation calculation, is accelerated through leveraging the speed of C++ and the MapReduce program model. Work described in this paper represents an extension of previous Erlang-based concurrent activation. ACT-R's retrieval process is re-examined and optimized in this solution. Concurrency available in the execution platform is exploited to maximize the acceleration of declarative retrieval. The resulting implementation, referred to as Accelerated Declarative Memory (ADM), presents a high-performance activation calculation that enables practical use of more massive declarative memories. ADM presents new mechanisms to access and traverse declarative memory to reduce the overhead of executing retrievals. This solution offers retrieval latencies 20 times faster than the previous Erlang solution. C1 [Edmonds, Mark; Atahary, Tanvir; Taha, Tarek] Univ Dayton, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Douglass, Scott A.] US Air Force, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Edmonds, M (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM edmondsm1@udayton.edu; ataharyt1@udayton.edu; ttaha1@udayton.edu; scott.douglass.1@us.af.mil NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-8676-7 PY 2015 BP 93 EP 100 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BF1WD UT WOS:000380439700017 ER PT S AU Allen, KW Farahi, N Li, YC Limberopoulos, NI Walker, DE Urbas, AM Liberman, V Astratov, VN AF Allen, Kenneth W. Farahi, Navid Li, Yangcheng Limberopoulos, Nicholaos I. Walker, Dennis E., Jr. Urbas, Augustine M. Liberman, Vladimir Astratov, Vasily N. GP IEEE TI Super-Resolution by Microspheres and Fibers - Myth or Reality? SO 2015 17TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TRANSPARENT OPTICAL NETWORKS (ICTON) SE International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks-ICTON LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON 2015) CY JUL 05, 2015 CL Budapest, HUNGARY SP ERICSON, ADVA OPT NETWORKING, SILICON LABS, BHE, MobiTel, ROHDE & SCHWARZ DE near-field microscopy; super-resolution; microsphere; microfiber; photonic nanojets ID NANOJET; ENHANCEMENT; RESOLUTION; NANOSCOPE; SPHERES; LIGHT; GOLD AB In 2011, super-resolution imaging by microspheres emerged as an extraordinary simple and broadband technique. The mechanism of imaging remains a mystery still today. The most likely candidates are the optical near fields, plasmonic resonances, photonic nanojets and whispering gallery modes. The critical problem in this area is the experimental definition of resolution which historically has been based on subjective criteria. In this work, we use the Houston resolution criterion and show that the image treatment techniques widely accepted in diffraction-limited optics can be extended in the super-resolution area, providing a phenomenological tool to determine the super-resolution values. Using this approach, we demonstrated imaging of Au and Al nanoplasmonic arrays by microspheres with the resolution similar to lambda/7. We also demonstrated super-resolution imaging by microfibers with resolution of similar to lambda/6 across the fiber and a millimetre-scale field-of-view along the fiber. Finally, we developed a technology of embedding high-index microspheres in PDMS films which can be translated along the sample to achieve a surface scanning functionality. Such thin films can become a standard component in super-resolution imaging of nanostructures and biological objects. C1 [Allen, Kenneth W.; Farahi, Navid; Li, Yangcheng; Astratov, Vasily N.] Univ N Carolina, Ctr Optoelect & Opt Commun, Dept Phys & Optic Sci, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. [Limberopoulos, Nicholaos I.; Walker, Dennis E., Jr.; Astratov, Vasily N.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Urbas, Augustine M.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Liberman, Vladimir] MIT, Lincoln Lab, Boston, MA USA. RP Astratov, VN (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Ctr Optoelect & Opt Commun, Dept Phys & Optic Sci, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. EM astratov@uncc.edu NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2162-7339 BN 978-1-4673-7880-2 J9 INT C TRANS OPT NETW PY 2015 AR We.C6.1 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BF2XD UT WOS:000380506700325 ER PT J AU Selzer, L Jackson-Booth, N Reid, J Penney, R Pedersen, T Caton, R Cannon, P Angling, M Groves, K Parris, R Su, YJ Attrill, G AF Selzer, Luke Jackson-Booth, Natasha Reid, Joseph Penney, Richard Pedersen, Todd Caton, Ronald Cannon, Paul Angling, Matthew Groves, Keith Parris, Richard Su, Yi-Jiun Attrill, Gemma GP IEEE TI Simulating Ionograms by Compounding Optically Observed Plasma Clouds with Ionospheric Modelling Technology SO 2015 1st URSI Atlantic Radio Science Conference (URSI AT-RASC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st URSI Atlantic Radio Science Conference (URSI AT-RASC) CY MAY 16-24, 2015 CL Gran Canaria, SPAIN C1 [Selzer, Luke; Jackson-Booth, Natasha; Reid, Joseph; Penney, Richard] QinetiQ, Malvern, Worcs, England. [Pedersen, Todd; Caton, Ronald; Parris, Richard; Su, Yi-Jiun] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. [Cannon, Paul; Angling, Matthew] Univ Birmingham, SERENE, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [Groves, Keith] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. [Attrill, Gemma] Def Sci & Technol Lab, Fareham, England. RP Selzer, L (reprint author), QinetiQ, Malvern, Worcs, England. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-9-0900-8628-6 PY 2015 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BF3OZ UT WOS:000380563800323 ER PT J AU Yizengaw, E Retterer, J Groves, K Caton, R Doherty, P AF Yizengaw, E. Retterer, J. Groves, K. Caton, R. Doherty, P. GP IEEE TI Postmidnight bubbles and scintillations in the quiet-time June solstice: possible forcing from lower atmosphere SO 2015 1st URSI Atlantic Radio Science Conference (URSI AT-RASC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st URSI Atlantic Radio Science Conference (URSI AT-RASC) CY MAY 16-24, 2015 CL Gran Canaria, SPAIN C1 [Yizengaw, E.; Retterer, J.; Groves, K.; Doherty, P.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. [Caton, R.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Yizengaw, E (reprint author), Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-9-0900-8628-6 PY 2015 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BF3OZ UT WOS:000380563800316 ER PT J AU Qureshi, TR Rangaswamy, M Bell, KL AF Qureshi, Tariq R. Rangaswamy, Muralidhar Bell, Kristine L. BE Matthews, MB TI Reducing the Effects of Training Data Heterogeneity in Multistatic MIMO Radar SO 2015 49TH ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2015 49th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY NOV 08-11, 2015 CL Asilomar Hotel & Conference Grounds, Pacific Grove, CA SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc HO Asilomar Hotel & Conference Grounds ID STAP AB A MIMO Multistatic radar system consists of multiple bistatic pairs working in potentially different configurations. Due to the relative motion between platforms, the clutter traces are, in general, non-overlapping, and the spectral centers are dispersed in the angle-Doppler domain. This makes the training samples non-representative which adversely affects the system performance. In this paper, we explore existing techniques to compensate for training data heterogeneity, and characterize the performance of each technique based on the metrics of SINR loss and compare the performance of the Parametric Adaptive Matched Filter (PAMF) with diagonally-loaded Sample Matrix Inverse (DL-SMI) subspace detector. We also show that PAMF is resilient to training data heterogeneity and provides acceptable performance compared to DL-SMI when no compensation is applied to the training data. C1 [Qureshi, Tariq R.] Wright State Res Inst, Beavercreek, OH 45431 USA. [Rangaswamy, Muralidhar] AFRL, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Bell, Kristine L.] Metron Inc, Reston, VA 20190 USA. RP Qureshi, TR (reprint author), Wright State Res Inst, Beavercreek, OH 45431 USA. EM trqureshi@gmail.com; muralidhar.rangaswamy@us.af.mil; bell@metsci.com NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-8576-3 PY 2015 BP 589 EP 593 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BF2JA UT WOS:000380471900107 ER PT J AU Setlur, P Gogineni, S Rangaswamy, M AF Setlur, Pawan Gogineni, Sandeep Rangaswamy, Muralidhar BE Matthews, MB TI Waveform Extraction from Reference Channels of Passive Multistatic Radar Systems SO 2015 49TH ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2015 49th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers CY NOV 08-11, 2015 CL Asilomar Hotel & Conference Grounds, Pacific Grove, CA SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc HO Asilomar Hotel & Conference Grounds AB Multistatic passive radar systems utilize transmitters of opportunity such as television, radio broadcasters etc. or other non-cooperative illuminators such as military radars to remain covert and perform detection. They process data from two groups of channels, namely the reference and surveillance channels. These may in turn comprise one or more smaller sub-reference or sub-surveillance channels. Modern illuminators both civilian and military are digital and emit waveforms in finite repetition intervals. In this paper, our focus is estimating the waveforms present in the reference channels of passive radar systems, with an immediate goal of exploiting the finite waveform repetitions for detection, along with a long term goal of providing a waveform map to other cooperative radars in the immediate vicinity, in order to use this information for future surveillance passes. We consider three cases: (1) the waveform is unit rank, (2) the waveform for each transmission is randomly chosen from a P waveform ensemble, with each waveform being orthogonal to one another, and (3) that the waveform is an unknown linear combination of P unknown linearly independent vectors. A signal subspace framework is employed, maximum likelihood (ML) solutions are proposed. Simulations reveal, that the ML solution is biased for low SNRs. For some of the models used, the bias of the ML solution may be explained from random matrix theory. C1 [Setlur, Pawan; Gogineni, Sandeep] Wright State Res Inst, Beavercreek, OH 45431 USA. [Rangaswamy, Muralidhar] US Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Setlur, P (reprint author), Wright State Res Inst, Beavercreek, OH 45431 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-8576-3 PY 2015 BP 1696 EP 1701 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BF2JA UT WOS:000380471900303 ER PT J AU Uddin, MA Glavin, N Singh, A Naguy, R Jespersen, M Podila, R Rao, A Voevodin, A Koley, G AF Uddin, Md Ahsan Glavin, Nicholas Singh, Amol Naguy, R. Jespersen, Michael Podila, Ramakrishna Rao, Apparao Voevodin, Andrey Koley, Goutam GP IEEE TI Improvement in Electrical Properties of CVD Graphene on low temperature Pulsed Laser Deposited Boron Nitride on SiO2/Si substrate SO 2015 73RD ANNUAL DEVICE RESEARCH CONFERENCE (DRC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2015 73rd Annual Device Research Conference (DRC) CY JUN 21-24, 2015 CL Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devices Soc HO Ohio State Univ C1 [Uddin, Md Ahsan; Singh, Amol; Koley, Goutam] Univ South Carolina, Elect Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Glavin, Nicholas; Naguy, R.; Jespersen, Michael; Voevodin, Andrey] Air Force Res Lab, Nanoelect Mat Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Podila, Ramakrishna; Rao, Apparao] Clemson Univ, Phys, Clemson, SC 29631 USA. [Koley, Goutam] Clemson Univ, Elect & Comp Engn, Clemson, SC 29631 USA. RP Uddin, MA (reprint author), Univ South Carolina, Elect Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM uddin2@email.sc.edu; gkoley@clemson.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-8135-2 PY 2015 BP 169 EP 170 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BF1WL UT WOS:000380440500069 ER PT J AU Donigan, T Langley, D Schuette, M Crespo, A Walker, D Tetlak, S Leedy, K Jessen, G AF Donigan, Thomas Langley, Derrick Schuette, Mike Crespo, Antonio Walker, Dennis, Jr. Tetlak, Steve Leedy, Kevin Jessen, Gregg GP IEEE TI Subtractive Plasma-Etch Process for Patterning High Performance ZnO TFTs SO 2015 73RD ANNUAL DEVICE RESEARCH CONFERENCE (DRC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2015 73rd Annual Device Research Conference (DRC) CY JUN 21-24, 2015 CL Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devices Soc HO Ohio State Univ C1 [Donigan, Thomas; Langley, Derrick] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Schuette, Mike; Crespo, Antonio; Walker, Dennis, Jr.; Tetlak, Steve; Leedy, Kevin; Jessen, Gregg] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Donigan, T (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-8135-2 PY 2015 BP 199 EP 200 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BF1WL UT WOS:000380440500086 ER PT J AU Song, Y Mohseni, PK Kim, SH Shin, JC Zhang, C Chabak, K Li, XL AF Song, Yi Mohseni, Parsian K. Kim, Seung Hyun Shin, Jae Cheol Zhang, Chen Chabak, Kelson Li, Xiuling GP IEEE TI InP FinFETs with Damage-Free and Record High-Aspect-Ratio (45:1) Fins Fabricated by Metal-Assisted Chemical Etching SO 2015 73RD ANNUAL DEVICE RESEARCH CONFERENCE (DRC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2015 73rd Annual Device Research Conference (DRC) CY JUN 21-24, 2015 CL Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devices Soc HO Ohio State Univ ID NANOSTRUCTURES AB Damage-free metal-assisted chemical etching (MacEtch) was used to fabricate InP junctionless FinFETs with ultra-high aspect ratio (similar to 45:1) fins. For devices with L-g = 560 nm, 20 - 32 nm fin width, and 600 nm active fin height, I-on/I-off similar to 10(6), and near-ideal subthreshold swing (70 mV/dec) were achieved. C1 [Song, Yi; Mohseni, Parsian K.; Kim, Seung Hyun; Zhang, Chen; Chabak, Kelson; Li, Xiuling] Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Shin, Jae Cheol] Yeungnam Univ, Dept Phys, Gyongsan, South Korea. [Chabak, Kelson] US Air Force, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Li, XL (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM xiuling@illinois.edu NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-8135-2 PY 2015 BP 253 EP 254 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BF1WL UT WOS:000380440500109 ER PT J AU Brost, G Magde, K AF Brost, G. Magde, K. GP IEEE TI Slant Path Attenuation At 72.5 and 82.5 GHz SO 2015 9th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation EuCAP CY MAY 13-17, 2015 CL Lisbon, PORTUGAL DE radio propagation; attenuation; V-band; W-band; Radiometer; radiative transfer ID MILLIMETER WAVELENGTHS; PREDICTION MODEL; RAIN ATTENUATION; SCATTERING; MICROWAVE AB Slant path brightness temperatures were measured at 72.5 and 82.5 GHz with a multi-channel radiometer. One year of measurements collected at 36 degrees elevation angle in Rome, NY were examined in terms of the attenuation statistics. The radiometric response was modeled with Monte-Carlo solution of the radiative transfer equation. The measured statistics were examined in relation to attenuation prediction models. C1 [Brost, G.; Magde, K.] Air Force Res Lab, 525 Brooks Rd, Rome, NY USA. RP Brost, G (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, 525 Brooks Rd, Rome, NY USA. EM george.brost@rl.af.mil NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-8-8907-0185-6 PY 2015 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BF3ES UT WOS:000380533100674 ER PT J AU Mattioli, V Marzano, FS Ciotti, P Basili, P Bosisio, AV Magde, K Brost, G AF Mattioli, V. Marzano, F. S. Ciotti, P. Basili, P. Bosisio, A. V. Magde, K. Brost, G. GP IEEE TI Modeling and Prediction of Tropospheric Radiopropagation Parameters from Ground-based Multi-channel Radiometric Measurements between Ka and W band SO 2015 9th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation EuCAP CY MAY 13-17, 2015 CL Lisbon, PORTUGAL DE radiowave propagation; atmospheric attenuation; microwave radiometers ID NOISE TEMPERATURE; MICROWAVE; RAIN AB Radiosounding data and numerical outputs from a cloud-resolving model in conjunction with a Monte Carlo statistical scheme and a radiative transfer algorithm (SNEM) are used to characterize propagation parameters at V- and W-band in Rome, NY, for any meteorological scenario including clear-air, cloudy coverage, stratiform rain and convective precipitation. The analysis aims at exploiting these databases for the design of simple estimators of propagation parameters up to W-band from ground-based microwave radiometers measurements collected in various atmospheric conditions. C1 [Mattioli, V.] He Space Operat GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany. [Marzano, F. S.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Informat Engn, DIET, Rome, Italy. [Ciotti, P.] Univ Aquila, Dept Ind Informat Engn & Econ, Laquila, Italy. [Basili, P.] Univ Perugia, Dept Elect & Informat Engn, Perugia, Italy. [Bosisio, A. V.] Politecn Milan, CNR, IEIIT, Milan, Italy. [Magde, K.; Brost, G.] Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. RP Mattioli, V (reprint author), He Space Operat GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany. EM Vinia.mattioli@ieee.org; marzano@diet.uniromal.it; piero.ciotti@univaq.it; patrizia.basili@unipg.it; adavittoria.bosisio@ieiit.cnr.it; kevin.magde@us.af.mil; George.brost@us.af.mil NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-8-8907-0185-6 PY 2015 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BF3ES UT WOS:000380533100509 ER PT J AU Estrada, ZJ Pham, C Deng, F Kalbarczyk, Z Iyer, RK Yan, L AF Estrada, Zachary J. Pham, Cuong Deng, Fei Kalbarczyk, Zbigniew Iyer, Ravishankar K. Yan, Lok GP IEEE TI Dynamic VM Dependability Monitoring Using Hypervisor Probes SO 2015 Eleventh European Dependable Computing Conference (EDCC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th European Dependable Computing Conference CY SEP 07-11, 2015 CL Paris, FRANCE DE Computer Security; Reliability; Fault diagnosis; Virtual machine monitors; Platform virtualization ID VIRTUALIZATION; SYSTEM AB Many current VM monitoring approaches require guest OS modifications and are also unable to perform application level monitoring, reducing their value in a cloud setting. This paper introduces hprobes, a framework that allows one to dynamically monitor applications and operating systems inside a VM. The hprobe framework does not require any changes to the guest OS, which avoids the tight coupling of monitoring with its target. Furthermore, the monitors can be customized and enabled/disabled while the VM is running. To demonstrate the usefulness of this framework, we present three sample detectors: an emergency detector for a security vulnerability, an application watchdog, and an infinite-loop detector. We test our detectors on real applications and demonstrate that those detectors achieve an acceptable level of performance overhead with a high degree of flexibility. C1 [Estrada, Zachary J.; Pham, Cuong; Deng, Fei; Kalbarczyk, Zbigniew; Iyer, Ravishankar K.] Univ Illinois, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Yan, Lok] Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. RP Estrada, ZJ (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. EM zestrad2@illinois.edu; pham9@illinois.edu; feideng2@illinois.edu; kalbarcz@illinois.edu; rkiyer@illinois.edu; lok.yan@us.af.mil NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-9289-1 PY 2015 BP 61 EP 72 DI 10.1109/EDCC.2015.9 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BF3BC UT WOS:000380518100006 ER PT S AU Jayarajah, K Yao, SC Mutharaju, R Misra, A De Mel, G Skipper, J Abdelzaher, T Kolodny, M AF Jayarajah, Kasthuri Yao, Shuochao Mutharaju, Raghava Misra, Archan De Mel, Geeth Skipper, Julie Abdelzaher, Tarek Kolodny, Michael GP IEEE TI Social Signal Processing for Real-time Situational Understanding: a Vision and Approach SO 2015 IEEE 12th International Conference on Mobile Ad Hoc and Sensor Systems (MASS) SE IEEE International Conference on Mobile Ad-hoc and Sensor Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 12th International Conference on Mobile Ad Hoc and Sensor Systems CY OCT 19-22, 2015 CL Dallas, TX SP IEEE, IEEE COMP SOC, CPS AB The US Army Research Laboratory (ARL) and the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) have established a collaborative research enterprise referred to as the Situational Understanding Research Institute (SURI). The goal is to develop an information processing framework to help the military obtain real-time situational awareness of physical events by harnessing the combined power of multiple sensing sources to obtain insights about events and their evolution. It is envisioned that one could use such information to predict behaviors of groups, be they local transient groups (e.g., protests) or widespread, networked groups, and thus enable proactive prevention of nefarious activities. This paper presents a vision of how social media sources can be exploited in the above context to obtain insights about events, groups, and their evolution. C1 [Jayarajah, Kasthuri; Misra, Archan] Singapore Management Univ, Singapore 178902, Singapore. [Yao, Shuochao; Abdelzaher, Tarek] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. [Mutharaju, Raghava] Wright State Univ, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [De Mel, Geeth] IBM TJ Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY USA. [Skipper, Julie] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Kolodny, Michael] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Jayarajah, K (reprint author), Singapore Management Univ, Singapore 178902, Singapore. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-6806 BN 978-1-4673-9101-6 J9 IEEE INT CONF MOB PY 2015 BP 627 EP 632 DI 10.1109/MASS.2015.89 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BF3JF UT WOS:000380548300095 ER PT J AU Tosh, DK Molloy, M Sengupta, S Kamhoua, CA Kwiat, KA AF Tosh, D. K. Molloy, M. Sengupta, S. Kamhoua, C. A. Kwiat, K. A. GP IEEE TI Cyber-Investment and Cyber-Information Exchange Decision Modeling SO 2015 IEEE 17TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING AND COMMUNICATIONS, 2015 IEEE 7TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CYBERSPACE SAFETY AND SECURITY, AND 2015 IEEE 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON EMBEDDED SOFTWARE AND SYSTEMS (ICESS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2015 IEEE 17th International Conference on High Performance Computing and Communications (HPCC) CY AUG 24-26, 2016 CL Int Symposium Cyberspace Safety & Secur, New York, NY SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Tech Comm on Scalable Comp TCSC, PACE Univ, NECETA, Longxiang High Tech Silicon Valley HO Int Symposium Cyberspace Safety & Secur AB Inefficiency of addressing cybersecurity problems can be settled by the corporations if they work in a collaborative manner, exchanging security information with each other. However, without any incentive and also due to the possibility of information exploitation, the firms may not be willing to share their breach/vulnerability information with the external agencies. Hence it is crucial to understand how the firms can be encouraged, so that they become self-enforced towards sharing their threat intelligence, which will not only increase their own payoff but also their peers' too, creating a win-win situation. In this research, we study the incentives and costs behind such crucial information sharing and security investments made by the firms. Specifically, a non-cooperative game between N-firms is formulated to analyze the participating firms' decisions about the information sharing and security investments. We analyze the probability of successful cyber attack using the famous dose-response immunity model. We also design an incentive model for CYBEX, which can incentivize/punish the firms based on their sharing/free-riding nature in the framework. Using negative definite Hessian condition, we find the conditions under which the social optimal values of the coupled constraint tuple (security investment and sharing quantity) can be found, which will maximize the firms' net payoff. C1 [Tosh, D. K.; Molloy, M.; Sengupta, S.] Univ Nevada, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Kamhoua, C. A.; Kwiat, K. A.] Air Force Res Lab, Cyber Assurance Branch, Rome, NY USA. RP Tosh, DK (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM dtosh@unr.edu; mmolloy@nevada.unr.edu; ssengupta@unr.edu; Charles.Kamhoua.1@us.af.mil; Kevin.Kwiat@us.af.mil NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-8937-9 PY 2015 BP 1219 EP 1224 DI 10.1109/HPCC-CSS-ICESS.2015.264 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BF1LS UT WOS:000380408100200 ER PT S AU Mead, NR Gibson, DS Hawthorne, EK AF Mead, Nancy R. Gibson, David S. Hawthorne, Elizabeth K. GP IEEE TI Cyber Sciences and Software Engineering SO 2015 IEEE 28th Conference on Software Engineering Education and Training (CSEET&T) SE Conference on Software Engineering Education and Training LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th IEEE Conference on Software Engineering Education and Training (CSEE&T) CY MAY 18-19, 2015 CL Florence, ITALY SP IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Council Software Engn DE cyber sciences; software engineering; education; curricula; cyber-security; centers of academic excellence AB This paper provides background and context for our planned presentation and discussion that will explore the emerging computing-based discipline of cyber sciences, focusing on its relationship to software engineering. We will also discuss the relationship of the Cyber Education Project to other related work, how educators can get involved, accreditation of cyber sciences degrees, and more. Results of our discussion will be provided to the Cyber Education Project. C1 [Mead, Nancy R.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Inst Software Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Gibson, David S.] US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Hawthorne, Elizabeth K.] Union Cty Coll, Cranford, NJ USA. RP Mead, NR (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Inst Software Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1093-0175 BN 978-1-4673-6701-1 J9 CONF SOFTW ENG EDUC PY 2015 BP 21 EP 23 DI 10.1109/CSEET.2015.14 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BF3QP UT WOS:000380568600008 ER PT J AU Tosh, DK Sengupta, S Mukhopadhyay, S Kamhoua, CA Kwiat, KA AF Tosh, Deepak K. Sengupta, Shamik Mukhopadhyay, Sankar Kamhoua, Charles A. Kwiat, Kevin A. BE Qiu, M Zhang, T Das, S TI Game Theoretic Modeling to Enforce Security Information Sharing among Firms SO 2015 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Cyber Security and Cloud Computing (CSCloud) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Cyber Security and Cloud Computing (CS Cloud) CY NOV 03-05, 2015 CL New York, NY SP IEEE, IEEE TCSC, IEEE Comp Soc, Pace Univ, New York Inst Technol, Longxiang High Tech, North America Chinese Talents Assoc, IEEE CSCloud SSC DE Cyber-threat intelligence; Information exchange; Game theory; CYBEX AB Robust CYBersecurity information EXchange (CYBEX) infrastructure is envisioned to protect the firms(1) from future cyber attacks via collaborative threat intelligence sharing, which might be difficult to achieve via sole effort. The executive order from the U.S. federal government clearly encourages the firms to share their cybersecurity breach and patch related information among other federal and private firms for strengthening their as well as nation's security infrastructure. In this paper, we present a game theoretic framework to investigate the economic benefits of cyber-threat information sharing and analyze the impacts and consequences of not participating in the game of information exchange. We model the information exchange framework as distributed non-cooperative game among the firms and investigate the implications of information sharing and security investments. The proposed incentive model ensures and self-enforces the firms to share their breach information truthfully for maximization of its gross utility. Theoretical analysis of the incentive framework has been conducted to find the conditions under which firms' net benefit for sharing security information and investment can be maximized. Numerical results verify that the proposed model promotes such sharing, which helps to relieve their total security technology investment too. C1 [Tosh, Deepak K.; Sengupta, Shamik] Univ Nevada, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Mukhopadhyay, Sankar] Univ Nevada, Dept Econ, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Kamhoua, Charles A.; Kwiat, Kevin A.] Air Force Res Lab, Cyber Assurance Branch, Rome, NY USA. RP Tosh, DK (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM dtosh@unr.edu; ssengupta@unr.edu; sankarm@unr.edu; Charles.Kamhoua.1@us.af.mil; Kevin.Kwiat@us.af.mil NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-9300-3 PY 2015 BP 7 EP 12 DI 10.1109/CSCloud.2015.81 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BF3FG UT WOS:000380534800002 ER PT J AU Riesch, PJ Du, XJ Ling, HB Mayhew, MJ AF Riesch, Philip J. Du, Xiaojiang Ling, Haibin Mayhew, Michael J. BE Qiu, M Zhang, T Das, S TI Face Recognition with Environment Tolerance on a Mobile Device SO 2015 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Cyber Security and Cloud Computing (CSCloud) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Cyber Security and Cloud Computing (CS Cloud) CY NOV 03-05, 2015 CL New York, NY SP IEEE, IEEE TCSC, IEEE Comp Soc, Pace Univ, New York Inst Technol, Longxiang High Tech, North America Chinese Talents Assoc, IEEE CSCloud SSC DE computer vision; face recognition; feature extraction; mobile computing; authentication ID LOCAL BINARY PATTERNS; CLASSIFICATION AB One of the most logical applications of face recognition for authentication is on mobile handset devices. However, face recognition still faces challenges in providing environment tolerance: being able to compensate for changes in light conditions within an environment where authentication is occurring, due to users carrying their mobile handset devices to different locations with varying and unpredictable sources of illumination. Existing face recognition systems operate by finding fiduciary points relative to the area of the entire face, which becomes their weakness when they are not used in applications where light conditions are fixed and controlled. This research investigates Local Binary Patterns (LBP), an image encoding technique whose origins lie in texture analysis, in order to overcome the problems faced by existing face recognition systems and provide tolerance to variable light conditions. This research aims to utilize LBP on modern mobile handset device hardware that is "off-the-shelf": utilizing only the most basic and widely available onboard imaging hardware and processing capability provided on mobile handset devices of the present day. We have performed rigorous experimentation with LBP both on large databases of images of human faces, as well as developing mobile handset software that was deployed to real users and tested in a field environment. Our experimentation indicates that LBP is capable of being used to develop face recognition systems that provide environment tolerance, potentially finding practical use as a component of mobile device authentication applications. C1 [Riesch, Philip J.; Du, Xiaojiang; Ling, Haibin] Temple Univ, Dept Comp & Informat Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Mayhew, Michael J.] Air Force Res Lab, Cross Domain Informat Syst Grp, Rome, NY USA. RP Riesch, PJ (reprint author), Temple Univ, Dept Comp & Informat Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. EM philip.riesch@temple.edu; xjdu@temple.edu; hbling@temple.edu; michael.mayhew.1@us.af.mil NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-9300-3 PY 2015 BP 342 EP 348 DI 10.1109/CSCloud.2015.79 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BF3FG UT WOS:000380534800056 ER PT J AU Kamhoua, C Martin, A Tosh, DK Kwiat, KA Heitzenrater, C Sengupta, S AF Kamhoua, Charles Martin, Andrew Tosh, Deepak K. Kwiat, Kevin A. Heitzenrater, Chad Sengupta, Shamik BE Qiu, M Zhang, T Das, S TI Cyber-threats Information Sharing in Cloud Computing: A game Theoretic Approach SO 2015 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Cyber Security and Cloud Computing (CSCloud) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Cyber Security and Cloud Computing (CS Cloud) CY NOV 03-05, 2015 CL New York, NY SP IEEE, IEEE TCSC, IEEE Comp Soc, Pace Univ, New York Inst Technol, Longxiang High Tech, North America Chinese Talents Assoc, IEEE CSCloud SSC AB Cybersecurity is among the highest priorities in industries, academia and governments. Cyber-threats information sharing among different organizations has the potential to maximize vulnerabilities discovery at a minimum cost. Cyber-threats information sharing has several advantages. First, it diminishes the chance that an attacker exploits the same vulnerability to launch multiple attacks in different organizations. Second, it reduces the likelihood an attacker can compromise an organization and collect data that will help him launch an attack on other organizations. Cyberspace has numerous interconnections and critical infrastructure owners are dependent on each other's service. This well-known problem of cyber interdependency is aggravated in a public cloud computing platform. The collaborative effort of organizations in developing a countermeasure for a cyber-breach reduces each firm's cost of investment in cyber defense. Despite its multiple advantages, there are costs and risks associated with cyber-threats information sharing. When a firm shares its vulnerabilities with others there is a risk that these vulnerabilities are leaked to the public (or to attackers) resulting in loss of reputation, market share and revenue. Therefore, in this strategic environment the firms committed to share cyber-threats information might not truthfully share information due to their own self-interests. Moreover, some firms acting selfishly may rationally limit their cybersecurity investment and rely on information shared by others to protect themselves. This can result in under investment in cybersecurity if all participants adopt the same strategy. This paper will use game theory to investigate when multiple self-interested firms can invest in vulnerability discovery and share their cyber-threat information. We will apply our algorithm to a public cloud computing platform as one of the fastest growing segments of the cyberspace. C1 [Kamhoua, Charles; Kwiat, Kevin A.] Air Force Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Cyber Assurance Branch, Rome, NY 13441 USA. [Martin, Andrew; Heitzenrater, Chad] Univ Oxford, Dept Comp Sci, Oxford, England. [Tosh, Deepak K.; Sengupta, Shamik] Univ Nevada, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Kamhoua, C (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Cyber Assurance Branch, Rome, NY 13441 USA. EM Charles.Kamhoua.1@us.af.mil; Andrew.Martin@cs.ox.ac.uk; dtosh@unr.edu; Kevin.Kwiat@us.af.mil; ssengupta@unr.edu NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-9300-3 PY 2015 BP 382 EP 389 DI 10.1109/CSCloud.2015.80 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BF3FG UT WOS:000380534800062 ER PT S AU Sanchez, L Patino, G Murray, V Lyke, J AF Sanchez, Luis Patino, Giancarlo Murray, Victor Lyke, James BE Arnaud, A Silveira, F Garcia, L TI Hardware Implementation of a FPGA-based Universal Link for LVDS communications SO 2015 IEEE 6TH LATIN AMERICAN SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS & SYSTEMS (LASCAS) SE IEEE Latin American Symposium on Circuits and Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics (ROBIO) CT IEEE 6th Latin American Symposium on Circuits & Systems (LASCAS) CY DEC 06-09, 2015 CY FEB 24-27, 2015 CL Zhuhai, PEOPLES R CHINA CL Montivideo, URUGUAY SP IEEE, IEEE ROBOT AUTOMA SOC, SHENZHEN ACAD ROBOT, GUANGDONG UNIV TECHNOL, MICHIGAN STATE UNIV, IT CHIBA AC, RSJ, SICE, JSME, IEEE/CAA J AUTOMATICA SINICA, UNIV HONG KONG DE LVDS; FPGA; universal link ID ADAPTIVE WIRING PANELS; ARCHITECTURE AB We present the first hardware implementation for a FPGA-based universal link for the transmission of different low-voltage differential signaling (LVDS) connections through a single LVDS connection between different devices. The main objective of this work is to reduce the number of wires in a network, for example in some satellites, with several groups of devices, to a single LVDS connection. This paper proposes a new communication protocol for successfully coding and decoding the data sent through the single connection. We propose a solution for one of the difficulties of LVDS standard due to the amount of wires needed for a duplex connection, significantly reducing the amount of wires required for a large network. The proposed solution has been implemented in an Atlys board with a Spartan 6 FPGA showing promising results. C1 [Sanchez, Luis; Patino, Giancarlo; Murray, Victor] Univ Ingn & Tecnol, Dept Elect Engn, Lima, Peru. [Murray, Victor] Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Lyke, James] US Air Force Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Sanchez, L (reprint author), Univ Ingn & Tecnol, Dept Elect Engn, Lima, Peru. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2330-9954 BN 978-1-4799-8332-2 J9 IEEE LAT AMER SYMP PY 2015 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BF2LJ UT WOS:000380477800075 ER PT J AU Kamhoua, CA Ruan, A Martin, A Kwiat, KA AF Kamhoua, Charles A. Ruan, Anbang Martin, Andrew Kwiat, Kevin A. BE Raicu, I Rana, O Buyya, R TI On the Feasibility of an Open-Implementation Cloud Infrastructure: A Game Theoretic Analysis SO 2015 IEEE/ACM 8TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON UTILITY AND CLOUD COMPUTING (UCC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/ACM 8th International Conference on Utility and Cloud Computing (UCC) CY DEC 07-10, 2015 CL Limassol, CYPRUS SP Univ Cyprus, ACM, IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, TCSC IEEE, Sighpc, Pass Success, Cyprus your Heart, Austrian, Fuseami AB Trusting a cloud infrastructure is a hard problem, which urgently needs effective solutions. There are increasing demands for switching to the cloud in the sectors of financial, healthcare, or government etc., where data security protections are among the highest priorities. But most of them are left unsatisfied, due to the current cloud infrastructures' lack of provable trustworthiness. Trusted Computing (TC) technologies implement effective mechanisms for attesting to the genuine behaviors of a software platform. Integrating TC with cloud infrastructure shows a promising method for verifying the cloud's behaviors, which may in turn facilitate provable trustworthiness. However, the side effect of TC also brings concerns: exhibiting genuine behaviors might attract targeted attacks. Consequently, current Trusted Cloud proposals only integrate limited TC capabilities, which hampers the effective and practical trust establishment. In this paper, we aim to justify the benefits of a fully Open-Implementation cloud infrastructure, which means that the cloud's implementation and configuration details can be inspected by both the legitimate and malicious cloud users. We applied game theoretic analysis to discover the new dynamics formed between the Cloud Service Provider (CSP) and cloud users, when the Open-Implementation strategy is introduced. We conclude that, even though Open-Implementation cloud may facilitate attacks, vulnerabilities or misconfiguration are easier to discover, which in turn reduces the total security threats. Also, cyber threat monitoring and sharing are made easier in an Open-Implementation cloud. More importantly, the cloud's provable trustworthiness will attract more legitimate users, which increases CSP's revenue and helps lowering the price. This eventually creates a virtuous cycle, which will benefit both the CSP and legitimate users. C1 [Kamhoua, Charles A.; Kwiat, Kevin A.] Air Force Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Cyber Assurance Branch, Rome, NY 13441 USA. [Ruan, Anbang; Martin, Andrew] Univ Oxford, Dept Comp Sci, Oxford, England. RP Kamhoua, CA (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Cyber Assurance Branch, Rome, NY 13441 USA. EM charles.kamhoua.1@us.af.mil; anbang.ruan@cs.ox.ac.uk; andrew.martin@cs.ox.ac.uk; kevin.kwiat@us.af.mil NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-7695-5697-0 PY 2015 BP 217 EP 226 DI 10.1109/UCC.2015.38 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BF1YZ UT WOS:000380446800025 ER PT J AU Al-Ibadi, M Liu, LJ Matyjas, J Zhang, JZ AF Al-Ibadi, Mohanad Liu, Lingjia Matyjas, John Zhang, Jianzhong (Charlie) GP IEEE TI DoA Estimation and Achievable Rate Analysis for 3D Massive MIMO in Aeronautical Communication Systems SO 2015 IEEE GLOBAL CONFERENCE ON SIGNAL AND INFORMATION PROCESSING (GLOBALSIP) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Global Conference on Signal and Information Processing (GlobalSIP) CY DEC 13-16, 2015 CL Orlando, FL ID ALGORITHMS; DELAY AB With very high carrier frequencies (such as millimeter-wave (mmW) bands), a very large number of antennas can be packed at the base station (BS). For this kind of high dimensional channel, it is desirable to exploit signal directions to estimate the channel directions. In this paper, we analyze the performance of the direction of arrival (DoA) estimation based on unitary ESPRIT algorithm assuming time division duplex (TDD) wideband system. The mean-squared error (MSE) of the 2D DoA estimation of a multipath signal impinging on a planar antenna array is derived. Accordingly, we propose a power allocation strategy that counts for the DoA estimation error. The achievable rate characterization suggests that our power allocation strategy outperforms the traditional water-filling solution. C1 [Al-Ibadi, Mohanad; Liu, Lingjia] Univ Kansas, Elect Engn & Comp Sci Dept, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Matyjas, John] Air Force Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Zhang, Jianzhong (Charlie)] Samsung Res Amer, Stand Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Al-Ibadi, M (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Elect Engn & Comp Sci Dept, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-7591-4 PY 2015 BP 320 EP 323 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BF2LH UT WOS:000380477600066 ER PT J AU Nadir, Z Brown, MS Comer, ML Bouman, CA AF Nadir, Zeeshan Brown, Michael S. Comer, Mary L. Bouman, Charles A. GP IEEE TI Gaussian Mixture Prior Models for Imaging of Flow Cross Sections from Sparse Hyperspectral Measurements SO 2015 IEEE GLOBAL CONFERENCE ON SIGNAL AND INFORMATION PROCESSING (GLOBALSIP) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Global Conference on Signal and Information Processing (GlobalSIP) CY DEC 13-16, 2015 CL Orlando, FL DE Gaussian mixture models; GMM; Non-homogeneous image model; Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy; TDLAS; TDLAT; Tomography; Non-convex optimization ID DIODE-LASER; ABSORPTION-MEASUREMENTS; ITERATIVE RECONSTRUCTION; CONCENTRATION PROFILES; INFRARED-ABSORPTION; LIMITED NUMBER; REACTIVE FLOWS; TOMOGRAPHY; TEMPERATURE; DISTRIBUTIONS AB Tunable diode laser absorption tomography (TDLAT) has emerged as a popular non-intrusive technique for simultaneous sensing of gas concentration and temperature. Major challenges of TDLAT include availability of limited projection measurements and limited training data. Conventional tomographic techniques are therefore not directly applicable. Usually approximations are made which are limited in scope. In this paper, we propose a novel model-based iterative reconstruction (MBIR) framework for TDLAT imaging of gas concentration and temperature. First, we propose a novel prior model that captures non-homogeneous and non-Gaussian characteristics of the images by modeling their distribution as a Gaussian mixture and impose constraints on the mixture parameters to avoid overfitting of the sparse training set. Next, we present the nonlinear forward model of TDLAT. We formulate the inversion problem into a MAP estimation problem and propose a multigrid optimization algorithm that solves the resulting optimization problem in eigenimage basis using surrogate functions for the non-convex prior. We demonstrate the efficacy of our approach by performing reconstructions of simulated TDLAT data. C1 [Nadir, Zeeshan; Comer, Mary L.; Bouman, Charles A.] Purdue Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Brown, Michael S.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Nadir, Z (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-7591-4 PY 2015 BP 527 EP 531 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BF2LH UT WOS:000380477600108 ER PT S AU Li, LZ Boulware, D AF Li, Longzhuang Boulware, Douglas BE Barbara, C Khan, L TI High-Order Tensor Decomposition for Large-Scale Data Analysis SO 2015 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON BIG DATA - BIGDATA CONGRESS 2015 SE IEEE International Congress on Big Data LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Congress on Big Data CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2015 CL New York, NY SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, Serv Comp, Serv Soc, Comp Cloud, Serv Comp, BIG Data, Hp, IBM, ERICSSON, SAP, IBM Res, HUAWEI, OMG Object Management Grp, IEEE Cloud Comp, Business Proc Integrat & Management, IT Profess, Intl Journal Web Serv Res, Comp Now Access Discover Engage, IEEE Transact Serv Comp DE tensor decomposition; large-scale data analysis; MapReduce-based Tucker decomposition (MR-T) AB Higher-order tensor decomposition is a basis for many important data mining tasks and the efficient large-scale tensor decomposition algorithms will have positive impact on clustering, trend detection, and anomaly detection. In the paper, we develop a scalable and distributed version of the Tucker tensor decomposition, MR-T, using the Hadoop MapReduce framework. We avoid large matrix-matrix multiplication and exploit the sparsity of large data sets to minimize intermediate data and flops by sequentially computing the intermediate matrices and generating the intermediate tensor vector-wise. C1 [Li, Longzhuang] Texas A&M Univ, Sch Engn & Comp Sci, Corpus Christi, TX 78413 USA. [Boulware, Douglas] Air Force Res Lab, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. RP Li, LZ (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Sch Engn & Comp Sci, Corpus Christi, TX 78413 USA. EM Longzhuang.Li@tamucc.edu; douglas.boulware@us.af.mil NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2379-7703 BN 978-1-4673-7278-7 J9 IEEE INT CONGR BIG PY 2015 BP 665 EP 668 DI 10.1109/BigDataCongress.2015.104 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BF1XS UT WOS:000380443700094 ER PT J AU Forsythe, EW Leever, B Gordon, M Vaia, R Morton, D Durstock, M Woods, R AF Forsythe, Eric W. Leever, Benjamin Gordon, Mark Vaia, Richard Morton, David Durstock, Michael Woods, Robert GP IEEE TI Flexible Electronics for Commercial and Defense Applications SO 2015 IEEE INTERNATIONAL ELECTRON DEVICES MEETING (IEDM) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Electron Devices Meeting (IEDM) CY DEC 07-09, 2015 CL Washington, DC AB Two date, there has been a strong consensus that U.S. flexible electronics technology and manufacturing efforts have demonstrated the potential for significant US-based job creation in small businesses to Fortune-500 companies. These jobs will impact across product supply chains, from raw materials production to retail sales of new devices. Flexible electronics is enabling a technology base that has the opportunity for the next high-tech manufacturing job creation. Early silicon CMOS manufacturing created high paying manufacturing jobs in US fabrication lines. Today, many of these jobs are moving to foreign Countries. Flexible electronics manufacturing approaches open the opportunity for innovative, low-cost fabrication techniques combining traditional US-strengths in plate-to-plate semiconductor manufacturing with roll-to-roll printing. Such approaches will enable mid-size companies to enter into manufacturing thereby broadening the job creation within the US. These innovative approaches to achieve the low-cost and high volume products will enable a US manufacturing dominance in an emerging Global industry. Future flexible electronics commercial and Defense Department applications include; wearable and medical sensors, structural monitoring devices, medical sensors, soft robotics, Internet of Things, and integrated array antennas on structures. C1 [Forsythe, Eric W.; Morton, David] US Army, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Leever, Benjamin; Vaia, Richard; Durstock, Michael] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Gordon, Mark] Off Secretary Def, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. [Gordon, Mark] NCAT, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. [Woods, Robert] Def Threat Reduct Agcy, Southern Pines, NC 28387 USA. RP Forsythe, EW (reprint author), US Army, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM eric.w.forsythe.civ@mail.mil; benjamin.leever@us.af.mil; mark.gordon@ncat.com; richard.vaia@us.af.mil; david.c.morton10.civ@mail.mil; michael.durstock@us.af.mil; woodsro@soc.smil.mil NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-9894-7 PY 2015 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BF2JG UT WOS:000380472500125 ER PT J AU Durkee, KT Pappada, SM Ortiz, AE Feeney, JJ Galster, SM AF Durkee, Kevin T. Pappada, Scott M. Ortiz, Andres E. Feeney, John J. Galster, Scott M. GP IEEE TI System Decision Framework for Augmenting Human Performance Using Real-Time Workload Classifiers SO 2015 IEEE INTERNATIONAL MULTI-DISCIPLINARY CONFERENCE ON COGNITIVE METHODS IN SITUATION AWARENESS AND DECISION SUPPORT (COGSIMA) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2015 IEEE International Multi-Disciplinary Conference on Cognitive Methods in Situation Awareness and Decision Support (CogSIMA) CY MAR 09-12, 2015 CL Orlando, FL DE Augmentation; Human Performance; Measurement; Workload; Cognitive States; Physiological Sensors AB The high volume of information available to human operators and increasing scale of work can become unmanageable due to the complexity found in a variety of domains. The need for precise, continuous assessment of human operator performance and state is important to identify when, and how, interventions should be delivered. One challenge that requires attention is the need for intelligent model-driven systems that identify specifically when some form of augmentation is needed while work is performed. Our current research and development efforts seek to fill this need by following the Sense-Assess-Augment (S-A-A) framework. We utilize the Performance Measurement Engine (PM Engine (TM)) and the Functional State Estimation Engine (FuSE(2)) to derive second-by-second measurements of performance and human operator state to identify the specific points in time where performance decrements occur due to high workload. These human state patterns can be computationally modeled via the Performance Augmentation Cueing Engine in Real-time (PACER) to provide the decision logic necessary to predict when performance decrements are likely to occur. In this paper, we describe the methods used to collect our initial data set and explore the complex relationships between cognitive workload and primary task performance. C1 [Durkee, Kevin T.; Pappada, Scott M.; Ortiz, Andres E.; Feeney, John J.] Aptima Inc, Fairborn, OH 45324 USA. [Galster, Scott M.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Appl Neurosci Branch, HPW 711, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Durkee, KT (reprint author), Aptima Inc, Fairborn, OH 45324 USA. EM kdurkee@aptima.com NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-8015-4 PY 2015 BP 8 EP 13 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BF1ZB UT WOS:000380447000002 ER PT J AU French, DM O'Loughlin, JP Hoff, BW Maestas, S Lepell, D Montoya, T AF French, D. M. O'Loughlin, J. P. Hoff, B. W. Maestas, S. Lepell, D. Montoya, T. GP IEEE TI Dielectric Strength Testing of 3D Printed Plastics and Application to a High Voltage Transformer Pulser SO 2015 IEEE PULSED POWER CONFERENCE (PPC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2015 IEEE Pulsed Power Conference (PPC) CY MAY 31-JUN 04, 2015 CL Austin, TX AB The use of additive manufacturing techniques offers the potential to rapidly fabricate complex insulator designs; however, the lack of dielectric strength data for many of the currently available printable plastics limits the usefulness of these materials in high electric field environments. The authors begin to address this issue by providing data from dielectric strength testing of selected plastic samples fabricated using the stereolithography (SLA), fused deposition modeling (FDM), and selective laser sintering (SLS) additive manufacturing techniques. Results of a high voltage transformer experiment using an SLA printed winding form will be presented. C1 [French, D. M.; O'Loughlin, J. P.; Hoff, B. W.; Maestas, S.; Lepell, D.; Montoya, T.] Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP French, DM (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. EM afrl.deh.workflow@us.af.mil NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-8403-9 PY 2015 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BF1SW UT WOS:000380434000082 ER PT J AU Grabowski, C Degnan, JH Domonkos, M Ruden, EL Parker, J Camacho, JF McCullough, J Sommars, W Wurden, GA Weber, TE AF Grabowski, C. Degnan, J. H. Domonkos, M. Ruden, E. L. Parker, J. Camacho, J. F. McCullough, J. Sommars, W. Wurden, G. A. Weber, T. E. GP IEEE TI OPERATION OF PARALLEL RAIL-GAP SWITCHES IN A HIGH-CURRENT, LOW-INDUCTANCE CROWBAR SWITCH SO 2015 IEEE PULSED POWER CONFERENCE (PPC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2015 IEEE Pulsed Power Conference (PPC) CY MAY 31-JUN 04, 2015 CL Austin, TX AB The Field-Reversed Configuration Heating Experiment (FRCHX) was designed to form closed-field-line magnetized target plasmas for magneto-inertial fusion and other high energy density plasma research. These plasmas are in a field-reversed configuration (FRC) and are formed via a reversed-field theta pinch on an already-magnetized background plasma. To extend the duration and uniformity of the pinch, the capacitor bank driving the reversed-field discharge is crowbarred near the current peak. Four parallel rail-gap switches are used on FRCHX for this application to ensure a low-inductance crowbar discharge path and to accommodate the large magnitude of the discharge current (often greater than 1 MA). Parallel operation of spark gap switches in a crowbarring arrangement, however, has often proved to be difficult due to the very low voltage present on the bank and across the switches at the time of peak current [1]. This paper reports on the successful efforts made to develop a low-inductance crowbar switch for FRCHX and to ultimately enable successful triggering and operation of the four parallel rail-gap switches used in the crowbar. The design of the parallel switch assembly is presented first, followed by a description of the triggering scheme employed to ensure conduction of all four switches. C1 [Grabowski, C.; Degnan, J. H.; Domonkos, M.; Ruden, E. L.] Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Parker, J.; Camacho, J. F.; McCullough, J.; Sommars, W.] Leidos Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Wurden, G. A.; Weber, T. E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Grabowski, C (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM chrisgrabowski@mailaps.org RI Wurden, Glen/A-1921-2017 OI Wurden, Glen/0000-0003-2991-1484 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-8403-9 PY 2015 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BF1SW UT WOS:000380434000139 ER PT J AU Ruden, EL Amdahl, DJ Cooksey, RH Robinson, PR Analla, FT Brown, DJ Kostora, MR Camacho, JF Makhin, V AF Ruden, E. L. Amdahl, D. J. Cooksey, R. H. Robinson, P. R. Analla, F. T. Brown, D. J. Kostora, M. R. Camacho, J. F. Makhin, V. GP IEEE TI SURFACE CURRENT DENSITY DISTRIBUTION MEASUREMENTS OF AN ELECTRICALLY EXPLODED FOIL VIA B-DOT PROBE ARRAY DATA INVERSION SO 2015 IEEE PULSED POWER CONFERENCE (PPC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2015 IEEE Pulsed Power Conference (PPC) CY MAY 31-JUN 04, 2015 CL Austin, TX AB Measurements are presented of the current per unit length as a function of the transverse distance from the center of a water-tamped 80 mu m Al foil that narrows to a central width of 15.2 cm as it explodes into warm dense matter by Ohmic heating. Current is delivered from a 36 mu F capacitor bank charged to 30 kV and discharged to a peak current of 342 kA in 2.0 mu s. The distribution is calculated by the linear regularized inversion of signals from an array of B-dot probes distributed long the foil's central half-width. The probes are far enough away from the foil (1 cm) to be noninvasive and mechanically undisturbed during the time of interest. These results are compared to 3-D MHD ALEGRA simulations of the geometry externally coupled to a two-loop lumped circuit model representing the driver. Current is strongly peaked at the foil edges for low-current calibration tests, where conductivity is essentially constant. It's broadly peaked in the center at peak current for the full energy shot, though, due to the foil fusing first at the edges, which subsequently reduces current there relative to the center by the time of peak current. There is broad agreement in this regard between the experiment and ALEGRA using thermal and electrical conductivity model SNL Sesame 293731. ALEGRA peaks 0.5 mu s earlier, though, and with 50 kA higher current. This may be due to error in the conductivity tables or effects not well-modeled, such as an electro-thermal instability that results in higher total resistance, but with a distance scale too small for the present simulation to represent. C1 [Ruden, E. L.; Amdahl, D. J.; Cooksey, R. H.; Robinson, P. R.] Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, AFRL RDHP, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Analla, F. T.; Brown, D. J.; Kostora, M. R.; Camacho, J. F.] Leidos Engn Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Makhin, V.] TechFlow Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. RP Ruden, EL (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, AFRL RDHP, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-8403-9 PY 2015 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BF1SW UT WOS:000380434000171 ER PT J AU Sheets, A Leontsev, S Horwath, J Schweickart, D AF Sheets, Alexander Leontsev, Serhiy Horwath, John Schweickart, Daniel GP IEEE TI Analysis of Coupled Magnetic Switches in a Magnetic Pulse Compression Network SO 2015 IEEE PULSED POWER CONFERENCE (PPC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2015 IEEE Pulsed Power Conference (PPC) CY MAY 31-JUN 04, 2015 CL Austin, TX AB This study presents the design of a magnetic pulse compression network using coupled magnetic switches in a repetitively pulsed power system. The most popular design of magnetic switches used in pulse power systems relies on an auxiliary reset circuit to bias the core. The reset circuit applies DC current through a secondary winding on the core in a direction that provides a magnetization field which is in the opposite direction than that induced by the primary winding when the magnetic switch saturates [1]. The coupled magnetic switch and reset circuit biasing method is based on the need to utilize the complete B-H curve to take advantage of the nonlinear characteristics of the inductors. In this investigation, the windings of two out of phase stages share the same core. The two windings are configured to be opposite in polarity with respect to each other. This creates a shift in flux direction in the core during the active extent of each stage. The positive magnetic saturation of one stage is seen as a negative magnetic saturation to the opposing stage. Analysis of this proposed configuration is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of coupled magnetic switches. C1 [Sheets, Alexander] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Leontsev, Serhiy] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Horwath, John; Schweickart, Daniel] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Sheets, A (reprint author), UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. EM alexander.sheets.ctr@us.af.mil NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-8403-9 PY 2015 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BF1SW UT WOS:000380434000175 ER PT J AU Waggoner, J Zhou, YJ Simmons, J De Graef, M Wang, S AF Waggoner, Jarrell Zhou, Youjie Simmons, Jeff De Graef, Marc Wang, Song GP IEEE TI Topology-Preserving Multi-Label Image Segmentation SO 2015 IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV 2015) CY JAN 06-09, 2015 CL Waikoloa, HI SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Biometrics Council, Amazon ID ALGORITHM; ALLOY AB Enforcing a specific topology in image segmentation is a very important but challenging problem, which has attracted much attention in the computer vision community. Most recent works on topology-constrained image segmentation focus on binary segmentation, where the topology is often described by the connectivity of both foreground and background. In this paper, we develop a new multi-labeling method to enforce topology in multi-label image segmentation. In this case, we not only require each segment to be a connected region (intra-segment topology), but also require specific adjacency relations between each pair of segments (inter-segment topology). We develop our method in the context of segmentation propagation, where a segmented template image defines the topology, and our goal is to propagate the segmentation to a target image while preserving the topology. Our method requires good spatial structure continuity between the template and the target such that the template segmentation can be used as a good initialization for segmenting the target. In addition, we focus on multi-label segmentation where a segment and its adjacent segments form a ring structure, which is among the most complex type of inter-segment topology for 2D structures. We apply the proposed method to segment 3D metallic image volumes for the underlying grain structures and achieve better results than several comparison methods. Finally, we also apply the proposed method to interactive segmentation and stereo matching applications. C1 [Waggoner, Jarrell] Groupon Inc, Chicago, IL 60654 USA. [Zhou, Youjie; Wang, Song] Univ South Carolina, Comp Sci & Engn, Columbia, SC USA. [Simmons, Jeff] AFRL, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [De Graef, Marc] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Waggoner, J (reprint author), Groupon Inc, Chicago, IL 60654 USA. EM jwaggoner@groupon.com; zhou42@email.sc.edu; jeff.simmons@wpafb.af.mil; degraef@cmu.edu; songwang@cec.sc.edu NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-6683-7 PY 2015 BP 1084 EP 1091 DI 10.1109/WACV.2015.149 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BF3EN UT WOS:000380532600142 ER PT S AU Hategekimana, F Tbatou, A Bobda, C Kamhoua, C Kwiat, K AF Hategekimana, Festus Tbatou, Adil Bobda, Christophe Kamhoua, Charles Kwiat, Kevin BE Huebner, M Gokhale, M Cumplido, R TI Hardware Isolation Technique for IRC-Based Botnets Detection SO 2015 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RECONFIGURABLE COMPUTING AND FPGAS (RECONFIG) SE Proceedings International Conference on Reconfigurable Computing and FPGAs LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on ReConFigurable Computing and FPGAs (ReConFig) CY DEC 08-10, 2014 CL Cancun, MEXICO SP Natl Inst Astrophysics Optics Elect INAOE, Ruhr Univ Bochum, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Intel, Xilinx, IEEE, IEEE Circuits and Syst Soc DE Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs); Botnets; Internet Relay Chat (IRC); Signature-based Detection; Anomaly-based Detection AB Botnets are widely considered one of the most dangerous threats on the internet due to their modular and adaptive nature which makes them difficult to defend against. In contrast to previous generations of malicious codes, botnets have a command and control (C-2) infrastucture which allows them to be remotely controlled by their masters. A command and control infrastructure based on Internet Relay Chat protocol (IRC-based C-2) is one of the most popular C-2 infrastructures botnet creators use to deploy their botnets' malwares (IRC botnets). In this paper, we propose a novel approach to detect and eliminate IRC botnets. Our approach consists of inserting a reconfigurable hardware isolation layer between the network link and the target. Our reconfigurable hardware is an FPGA System-on-Chip (FPGA SoC) that uses both anomaly-based detection and signature-based detection approaches to identify IRC botnets. Since, unlike other viruses, to be able to freely communicate with their masters, botnets' primary objective is to disable any protection mechanism (firewalls, antivirus applications) found on the target machine; our hardware-based isolation infrastructure presents an improvement over existing software-based solutions. We evaluated our architecture codenamed BotPGA using real-world IRC botnets' non-encrypted network traces. The results show that BotPGA can detect real-world non-encrypted malicious IRC traffic and botnets with high accuracy. C1 [Hategekimana, Festus; Bobda, Christophe] Univ Arkansas, CSCE Dept, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Tbatou, Adil] ESIREM DIJON, Dijon, France. [Kamhoua, Charles; Kwiat, Kevin] Air Force Res Lab, Cyber Assurance Branch, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Hategekimana, F (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, CSCE Dept, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM fhategek@uark.edu; adiltbatou@gmail.com; cbobda@uark.edu; charles.kamhoua.1@us.af.mil; kevin.kwiat@us.af.mil NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2325-6532 BN 978-1-4673-9406-2 J9 PROC INT CONF RECON PY 2015 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA BF1UI UT WOS:000380437700039 ER PT J AU Pellizzoni, R Paryab, N Yoon, MK Bak, S Mohan, S Bobba, RB AF Pellizzoni, Rodolfo Paryab, Neda Yoon, Man-Ki Bak, Stanley Mohan, Sibin Bobba, Rakesh B. GP IEEE TI A Generalized Model for Preventing Information Leakage in Hard Real-Time Systems SO 21st IEEE Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium (RTAS 2015) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st IEEE Real Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium (RTAS) CY APR 13-16, 2015 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE, Assoc Comp Machinery, SIGBED, IEEE Signal proc Soc, Tech Commun Realtime Syst, IEEE Control Syst Soc, NSF, Credit Suisse, Microsoft Res, Tsinghua Sci & Technol, Taylor & Francis Grp, Building Robotics, Amazon Web Services, Tata Consultancy Services, BOSCH, DENSO, Intel, MD2K ID COST AB Traditionally real-time systems and security have been considered as separate domains. Recent attacks on various systems with real-time properties have shown the need for a redesign of such systems to include security as a first class principle. In this paper, we propose a general model for capturing security constraints between tasks in a real-time system. This model is then used in conjunction with real-time scheduling algorithms to prevent the leakage of information via storage channels on implicitly shared resources. We expand upon a mechanism to enforce these constraints viz., cleaning up of shared resource state, and provide schedulability conditions based on fixed priority scheduling with both preemptive and non-preemptive tasks. We perform extensive evaluations, both theoretical and experimental, the latter on a hardware-in-the-loop simulator of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) that executes on a demonstration platform. C1 [Pellizzoni, Rodolfo; Paryab, Neda] Univ Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Yoon, Man-Ki; Mohan, Sibin] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL USA. [Bak, Stanley] US Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. [Bobba, Rakesh B.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Pellizzoni, R (reprint author), Univ Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. EM rodolfo.pellizzoni@uwaterloo.ca; n2paryab@uwaterloo.ca; mkyoon@illinois.edu; stanleybak@gmail.com; sibin@illinois.edu; rakesh.bobba@oregonstate.edu NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-8603-3 PY 2015 BP 271 EP 282 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BF4CC UT WOS:000380616700023 ER PT J AU Boals, A Schuettler, D Southard-Dobbs, S AF Boals, Adriel Schuettler, Darnell Southard-Dobbs, Shana BE Watson, LA Berntsen, D TI Construing trauma as a double-edged sword: how narrative components of autobiographical memory relate to devastation and growth from trauma SO Clinical Perspectives on Autobiographical Memory LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Clinical Perspectives on Autobiographical Memory CY JUN 11-12, 2012 CL Aarhus Univ, Ctr on Autobiog Memory Res CON AMORE, Aarhus University, Aarhus, DENMARK SP Danish Natl Res Fdn Ctr of Excellence Program DNRF93 HO Aarhus Univ, Ctr on Autobiog Memory Res CON AMORE, Aarhus University ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; EVENT CENTRALITY; SYMPTOM SEVERITY; UNIQUE CONTRIBUTIONS; RISK-FACTORS; PTSD; IDENTITY; EXPOSURE; ADULTS; SELF C1 [Boals, Adriel; Southard-Dobbs, Shana] Univ North Texas, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Schuettler, Darnell] US Air Force, Washington, DC USA. RP Boals, A (reprint author), Univ North Texas, Denton, TX 76203 USA. NR 80 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-107-03987-2 PY 2015 BP 65 EP 84 PG 20 WC Neurosciences; Psychology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA BF3NQ UT WOS:000380560000004 ER PT J AU Dutton, R Kobryn, P Ball, D Castle, J James, M Yavari, P AF Dutton, Rollie Kobryn, Pam Ball, Dale Castle, James James, Mark Yavari, Parviz BE Poole, W Christensen, S Kalidindi, S Luo, A Madison, J Raabe, D Sun, X TI FROM INTEGRATED COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS ENGINEERING TO INTEGRATED COMPUTATIONAL STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING SO Proceedings of the 3rd World Congress on Integrated Computational Materials Engineering (ICME) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Proceedings of the 3rd World Congress on Integrated Computational Materials Engineering CY MAY 31-JUN 04, 2015 CL Cheyenne Mountain Resort, Colorado Springs, CO SP TMS Minerals, Metals & Mat Soc HO Cheyenne Mountain Resort DE ICME; residual stress; aluminum; durability; damage tolerance; validation AB Recent advances in the simulation of the quench, cold-work and machining processes for large aluminum forgings are opening the way for a new paradigm in the design, manufacture and sustainment of aircraft structures. The use of large forgings permits the unitization of smaller parts (brackets, fittings, lugs, etc.) with primary structural components like spars and bulkheads. This is being done in order to reduce part count, which in turn leads to significant reductions in manufacturing cost. Unitization can also translate into weight reduction / avoidance when comparing against built-up structure, but it raises a number of issues for structural durability and damage tolerance, notably reduced repair / replace capability and reduced crack arrest capability. The viability of the unitization concept is dependent not only on the availability of material systems that retain their mechanical properties in very thick sections, but also on the designer's ability to retain durability and damage tolerance, and to understand and mitigate the effects of residual stresses. Recently a "next-generation" design approach that directly addresses some of these issues has been developed and deployed. Among other things, this new approach requires the extraction of residual stress effects from material property data and the explicit re-introduction of those effects in selected, critical regions of the structure. In this paper we will provide an overview of an emerging application of ICME to the design of large aluminum forgings for aircraft primary structure and the concomitant development of verification and validation methodologies. C1 [Dutton, Rollie] AFRL RXM, 2977 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Kobryn, Pam] AFRL RQVS, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Ball, Dale] Lockheed Martin Aeronaut Co, Ft Worth, TX 76101 USA. [Castle, James] Boeing Co, St Louis, MO 63166 USA. [James, Mark] Alcoa Tech Ctr, Pittsburgh, PA 15069 USA. [Yavari, Parviz] Northrop Grumman Aerosp Syst, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. RP Dutton, R (reprint author), AFRL RXM, 2977 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA BN 978-1-119-13950-8 PY 2015 BP 99 EP 106 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BF3GA UT WOS:000380538900004 ER PT J AU Wong, T Venkatesh, V Turner, TJ AF Wong, Terry Venkatesh, Vasisht Turner, Todd J. BE Poole, W Christensen, S Kalidindi, S Luo, A Madison, J Raabe, D Sun, X TI Data Infrastructure Developed for PW-8: Nickel Base Superalloy Residual Stress Foundational Engineering Problem SO Proceedings of the 3rd World Congress on Integrated Computational Materials Engineering (ICME) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Proceedings of the 3rd World Congress on Integrated Computational Materials Engineering CY MAY 31-JUN 04, 2015 CL Cheyenne Mountain Resort, Colorado Springs, CO SP TMS Minerals, Metals & Mat Soc HO Cheyenne Mountain Resort DE Database; Data Infrastructure; MAI; MGI; ICME; Data Repository; Data Archive AB The PW-8: Nickel Base Superalloy Residual Stress Foundational Engineering Problem (FEP) is a program funded by the United States Air Force through the Metals Affordability Initiative (MAI) to address bulk residual stresses in Nickel-base superalloy engine disk components. These stresses can be induced during various manufacturing stages such as the heat treatment process or the forging process. Bulk residual stresses can be a problem and result in component distortion during the machining process and/or during elevated temperature service. Bulk residual stresses in aeroengine disks components are considered a Foundational Engineering Problem that affects both suppliers and Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) and is an issue that must be addressed with a cross-functional team. The FEP addresses this problem by developing the infrastructure and tools needed to predict and incorporate bulk residual stress into the design and development of a turbine disk. In doing so, the FEP answers the challenge given in a 2008 report issued by the National Research Council in which the authors commented that addressing FEPs are an essential means to help establish the infrastructure needed to make Integrated Computational Materials Engineering (ICME) a reality. This paper will report on a key aspect of the ICME infrastructure; namely the infrastructure needed to manage physical and model data. In addition to discussing the infrastructure developed, this paper will document the lessons learned which can be applied to the ICME community as a whole. C1 [Wong, Terry] Aerojet Rocketdyne, 8900 De Soto Ave, Canoga Pk, CA 91304 USA. [Venkatesh, Vasisht] Pratt & Whitney, E Hartford, CT 06118 USA. [Turner, Todd J.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wong, T (reprint author), Aerojet Rocketdyne, 8900 De Soto Ave, Canoga Pk, CA 91304 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA BN 978-1-119-13950-8 PY 2015 BP 247 EP 259 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BF3GA UT WOS:000380538900024 ER PT J AU Jacobsen, MD Benedict, MD Foster, BJ Ward, CH AF Jacobsen, Matthew D. Benedict, Mark D. Foster, Bryon J. Ward, Charles H. BE Poole, W Christensen, S Kalidindi, S Luo, A Madison, J Raabe, D Sun, X TI AN INTEGRATED COLLABORATIVE ENVIRONMENT FOR MATERIALS RESEARCH SO Proceedings of the 3rd World Congress on Integrated Computational Materials Engineering (ICME) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Proceedings of the 3rd World Congress on Integrated Computational Materials Engineering CY MAY 31-JUN 04, 2015 CL Cheyenne Mountain Resort, Colorado Springs, CO SP TMS Minerals, Metals & Mat Soc HO Cheyenne Mountain Resort DE Data Management; Iterative Development; Collaboration AB Creating an environment to enable the seamless integration of experiment, computation, and data within a laboratory environment is essential to enabling the practice of Integrated Computational Materials Engineering. Such an environment depends on the connection of experimental equipment and high performance computing resources to a collaborative software environment that supports research teams through simulation tool sharing and archival data management in a secure manner. Key functions of such a system include project management, workflow management, tool staging, data provenance tracking, and user authentication. An overview will be provided on efforts to establish such an integrated collaborative environment in a research laboratory involved in material and process discovery and development in both structural and functional materials. C1 [Jacobsen, Matthew D.; Benedict, Mark D.; Foster, Bryon J.; Ward, Charles H.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Jacobsen, MD (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA BN 978-1-119-13950-8 PY 2015 BP 285 EP 292 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BF3GA UT WOS:000380538900028 ER PT J AU Beckmann, K Holt, JS Cady, NC Van Nostrand, J AF Beckmann, Karsten Holt, Joshua S. Cady, Nathaniel C. Van Nostrand, Joseph GP IEEE TI Comparison of random telegraph noise, endurance and reliability in amorphous and crystalline hafnia-based ReRAM SO 2015 IEEE INTERNATIONAL INTEGRATED RELIABILITY WORKSHOP (IIRW) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Integrated Reliability Workshop Final Report CY OCT 11-15, 2015 CL S Lake Tahoe, CA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Reliability Soc DE ReRAM; CBRAM; RTN; endurance AB Resistive random access memory(ReRAM) is a novel form of non-volatile memory expected to replace FLASH memory in the near future. To optimize the switching parameters of ReRAM we investigated fab-friendly HfOx based devices with an either amorphous or crystalline active layers. Our devices are fabricated with a copper bottom electrode, a 50 nm sub-stoichiometric hafnia layer, and a platinum top electrode. These devices operate according to the electrochemical metallization model. We compared endurance, reliability and random telegraph noise(RTN) with pulse-based cycling/readout. Initial endurance measurements show 4 million and 70 million consecutive cycles for the amorphous and crystalline hafnia, respectively. The transmission rate was shown to be slightly higher for the amorphous active layer with a confidence of 85%. Furthermore, it is shown that the relative difference in resistance during RTN is not dependent on the crystallinity, but increases with an increase in high resistive state. A high variety of noise patterns were observed, including transition rates from 1 s(-1) up to 12000 s(-1) and multi-state traps. C1 [Beckmann, Karsten; Holt, Joshua S.; Cady, Nathaniel C.] SUNY Polytech Inst, Coll Nanoscale Sci, Albany, NY 12203 USA. [Beckmann, Karsten; Holt, Joshua S.; Cady, Nathaniel C.] SUNY Polytech Inst, Coll Engn, Albany, NY USA. [Van Nostrand, Joseph] RITB, Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. RP Beckmann, K (reprint author), SUNY Polytech Inst, Coll Nanoscale Sci, Albany, NY 12203 USA. EM kbeckmann@sunypoly.edu NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-7396-8 PY 2015 BP 107 EP 110 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BF1QM UT WOS:000380428100023 ER PT J AU Li, H Liu, CC Yan, BN Yang, CF Song, LH Li, Z Chen, YR Zhu, WJ Wu, Q Jiang, H AF Li, Hai (Helen) Liu, Chenchen Yan, Bonan Yang, Chaofei Song, Linghao Li, Zheng Chen, Yiran Zhu, Weijie Wu, Qing Jiang, Hao GP IEEE TI Spiking-based Matrix Computation By Leveraging Memristor Crossbar Array SO 2015 IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE FOR SECURITY AND DEFENSE APPLICATIONS (CISDA) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence for Security and Defense Applications (CISDA) CY MAY 26-26, 2015 CL Verona, NY ID MEMORY; DEVICE AB As process technology continues scaling down, the memory barrier becomes more severe. Thus, spiking neuromorphic computing that can significantly enhance computing and communication efficiencies has been widely studied. Both conventional CMOS technology and emerging devices have been used in hardware implementation of spiking neuromorphic computing. Particularly, the memristor technology that can naturally emulate plasticity and energy efficiency of biological synapses have gained a lot of attention. However, the use of memristors in high density computation, such as matrix-vector operation, is still missing. In this work, a spiking (pulse-based) computing component that leverages memristor crossbar array is proposed for matrix-vector operation. We adopt the rate coding model and count the produced spike number during a given time period of T as the computation output. We carefully design the crossbar array structure and the integrate-and-fire circuit. The linear relationship between output spike numbers and the sum-of-production of input vector and matrix entries is observed in our simulation results. The proposed spiking computing design realizes matrix computation successfully and demonstrates good adaptability in neural network. C1 [Li, Hai (Helen); Liu, Chenchen; Yan, Bonan; Yang, Chaofei; Song, Linghao; Li, Zheng; Chen, Yiran] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Zhu, Weijie; Jiang, Hao] San Francisco State Univ, Sch Engn, San Francisco, CA USA. [Wu, Qing] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Li, H (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. EM hal66@pitt.edu; chl192@pitt.edu; boy12@pitt.edu; chy61@pitt.edu; lis75@pitt.edu; zhl85@pitt.edu; yic52@pitt.edu; wzhu@sfsu.edu; Qing.Wu.2@us.af.mil; jianghao@sfsu.edu NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-7557-3 PY 2015 BP 43 EP 46 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BF1WS UT WOS:000380441200008 ER PT J AU Carvalho, M Eskridge, TC Ferguson-Walter, K Paltzer, N Myers, D Last, D AF Carvalho, Marco Eskridge, Thomas C. Ferguson-Walter, Kimberly Paltzer, Nicholas Myers, David Last, David GP IEEE TI MIRA: A Support Infrastructure for Cyber Command and Control Operations SO 2015 RESILIENCE WEEK (RSW) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Resilience Week (RWS) CY AUG 18-20, 2015 CL Philadelphia, PA SP INL, IEEE, IEEE Ind Elect Soc IES, Drexel Univ, Temple Univ, Univ of Penn, Florida Inst of Technol, The Ohio State Univ, Idaho State Univ ID NETWORKS AB In this paper we introduce MIRA (Mission-aware Infrastructure for Resilient Agents), an extensible and modular infrastructure designed for the support of coordinated cyber operations. MIRA was originally designed to provide the infrastructure for a cyber-command and control and cyber operations. MIRA provides a core set of services that can be extended to allow for operations in specialized or hybrid environments involving different service requirements or operational constraints. The framework was designed to support the easy integration of third party network components, support services, or communication protocols. After a brief motivation about the needs and requirements for command and control in cyber operations, we introduce and discuss the design and implementation of the MIRA framework. The paper follows the discussion with the description of a simple scenario used to illustrate MIRA. C1 [Carvalho, Marco; Eskridge, Thomas C.] Florida Inst Technol, Harris Inst Assured Informat, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. [Ferguson-Walter, Kimberly] US Dept Def, Baltimore, MD USA. [Paltzer, Nicholas; Myers, David; Last, David] US Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. RP Carvalho, M (reprint author), Florida Inst Technol, Harris Inst Assured Informat, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. EM mcarvalho@fit.edu; teskridge@fit.edu; kjfergu@tycho.ncsc.mil; nicholas.paltzer@us.af.mil NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-8594-4 PY 2015 BP 102 EP 107 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BF2BX UT WOS:000380454100016 ER PT J AU Last, D AF Last, David GP IEEE TI Using Historical Software Vulnerability Data to Forecast Future Vulnerabilities SO 2015 RESILIENCE WEEK (RSW) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Resilience Week (RWS) CY AUG 18-20, 2015 CL Philadelphia, PA SP INL, IEEE, IEEE Ind Elect Soc IES, Drexel Univ, Temple Univ, Univ of Penn, Florida Inst of Technol, The Ohio State Univ, Idaho State Univ DE cybersecurity; vulnerability prediction; vulnerability discovery model AB The field of network and computer security is a never-ending race with attackers, trying to identify and patch software vulnerabilities before they can be exploited. In this ongoing conflict, it would be quite useful to be able to predict when and where the next software vulnerability would appear. The research presented in this paper is the first step towards a capability for forecasting vulnerability discovery rates for individual software packages. This first step involves creating forecast models for vulnerability rates at the global level, as well as the category (web browser, operating system, and video player) level. These models will later be used as a factor in the predictive models for individual software packages. A number of regression models are fit to historical vulnerability data from the National Vulnerability Database (NVD) to identify historical trends in vulnerability discovery. Then, k-NN classification is used in conjunction with several time series distance measurements to select the appropriate regression models for a forecast. 68% and 95% confidence bounds are generated around the actual forecast to provide a margin of error. Experimentation using this method on the NVD data demonstrates the accuracy of these forecasts, as well as the accuracy of the confidence bounds forecasts. Analysis of these results indicates which time series distance measures produce the best vulnerability discovery forecasts. C1 [Last, David] Air Force Res Lab, Informat Directorate, RISB, Rome, NY USA. RP Last, D (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Informat Directorate, RISB, Rome, NY USA. EM david.last.1@us.af.mil NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-8594-4 PY 2015 BP 120 EP 126 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BF2BX UT WOS:000380454100019 ER PT J AU Soule, N Simidchieva, B Yaman, F Watro, R Loyall, J Atighetchi, M Carvalho, M Last, D Myers, D Flatley, B AF Soule, Nathaniel Simidchieva, Borislava Yaman, Fusun Watro, Ronald Loyall, Joseph Atighetchi, Michael Carvalho, Marco Last, David Myers, David Flatley, Bridget GP IEEE TI Quantifying & Minimizing Attack Surfaces Containing Moving Target Defenses SO 2015 RESILIENCE WEEK (RSW) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Resilience Week (RWS) CY AUG 18-20, 2015 CL Philadelphia, PA SP INL, IEEE, IEEE Ind Elect Soc IES, Drexel Univ, Temple Univ, Univ of Penn, Florida Inst of Technol, The Ohio State Univ, Idaho State Univ DE cyber security analysis; modeling; threat assessment ID GRAPHS AB The cyber security exposure of resilient systems is frequently described as an attack surface. A larger surface area indicates increased exposure to threats and a higher risk of compromise. Ad-hoc addition of dynamic proactive defenses to distributed systems may inadvertently increase the attack surface. This can lead to cyber friendly fire, a condition in which adding superfluous or incorrectly configured cyber defenses unintentionally reduces security and harms mission effectiveness. Examples of cyber friendly fire include defenses which themselves expose vulnerabilities (e.g., through an unsecured admin tool), unknown interaction effects between existing and new defenses causing brittleness or unavailability, and new defenses which may provide security benefits, but cause a significant performance impact leading to mission failure through timeliness violations. This paper describes a prototype service capability for creating semantic models of attack surfaces and using those models to (1) automatically quantify and compare cost and security metrics across multiple surfaces, covering both system and defense aspects, and (2) automatically identify opportunities for minimizing attack surfaces, e.g., by removing interactions that are not required for successful mission execution. C1 [Soule, Nathaniel; Simidchieva, Borislava; Yaman, Fusun; Watro, Ronald; Loyall, Joseph; Atighetchi, Michael] Raytheon BBN Technol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Carvalho, Marco] Florida Inst Technol, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. [Last, David; Myers, David; Flatley, Bridget] US Air Force, Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. RP Soule, N (reprint author), Raytheon BBN Technol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM nsoule@bbn.com; simidchieva@bbn.com; fyaman@bbn.com; rwatro@bbn.com; jloyall@bbn.com; matighet@bbn.com; mcarvalho@cs.fit.edu; david.last.1@us.af.mil; david.myers.35@us.af.mil; bridget.flatley.1@us.af.mil NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-8594-4 PY 2015 BP 220 EP 225 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BF2BX UT WOS:000380454100035 ER PT J AU Pavlidis, S Getz, P Hagen, J Kelley-Loughnane, N Bayraktaroglu, B Brand, O AF Pavlidis, S. Getz, P. Hagen, J. Kelley-Loughnane, N. Bayraktaroglu, B. Brand, O. GP IEEE TI INVESTIGATING THIN FILM PASSIVATIONS FOR IGZO DUAL GATE PH SENSORS FABRICATED AT LOW TEMPERATURE SO 2015 TRANSDUCERS - 2015 18TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOLID-STATE SENSORS, ACTUATORS AND MICROSYSTEMS (TRANSDUCERS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems (TRANSDUCERS) CY JUN 21-25, 2015 CL Anchorage, AK SP TRF, IEEE, Elect Devices Soc DE Thin film transistor; Indium Gallium Zinc Oxide; pH Sensor; Passivation; Dual Gate ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS AB Dual-gate IGZO TFTs fabricated using high-k dielectrics deposited via ALD at low temperature (< 180 degrees C) are proposed for chemical and biosensor applications, leading to an investigation of suitable passivation films for such devices. Both PECVD and ALD films are considered for the passivation layer, which also serves as the liquid sensing gate, and it is found that ALD TiO2 offers a sensitivity of 76 mV/pH, which is beyond the Nernst limit found in traditional ISFET sensors. C1 [Pavlidis, S.; Getz, P.; Brand, O.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Hagen, J.; Kelley-Loughnane, N.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Bayraktaroglu, B.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Pavlidis, S (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM spavlidis@gatech.edu; oliver.brand@ece.gatech.edu NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-8955-3 PY 2015 BP 1334 EP 1337 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BF2EU UT WOS:000380461400332 ER PT S AU Hall, R Gajendran, H Masud, A AF Hall, Richard Gajendran, H. Masud, A. BE Qi, HJ Antoun, B Hall, R Lu, H Arzoumanidis, A Silberstein, M Furmanski, J Amirkhizi, A Gonzalez Gutierrez, J TI Diffusion of Chemically Reacting Fluids through Nonlinear Elastic Solids and 1D Stabilized Solutions SO CHALLENGES IN MECHANICS OF TIME-DEPENDENT MATERIALS, VOL 2 SE Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SEM Annual Conference & Exposition on Experimental and Applied Mechanics CY JUN 02-05, 2014 CL Greenville, SC SP Soc Expt Mechan DE Mixture; Reaction; Dissipation; Stabilized; Slurry ID FINITE-ELEMENT FORMULATION; NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS; FLOWS AB This paper summarizes a 1D adaptation (Hall et al., Math Mech Solids, 2014) of the reactive fluid-solid mixture theory of Hall and Rajagopal (Math Mech Solids 17(2): 131-164, 2012), which considers an anisotropic viscous fluid diffusing and chemically reacting with an anisotropic elastic solid. The present implementation introduces a stabilized mixed finite element method for advection-diffusion-reaction phenomena, which is applied to 1D isothermal problems involving Fickian diffusion, oxidation of PMR-15 polyimide resin, and slurry infiltration. The energy and entropy production relations are captured via a Lagrange multiplier that results from imposing the constraint of maximum rate of entropy production, reducing the primary PDEs to the balance equations of mass and linear momentum for the fluid and the solid, together with an equation for the Lagrange multiplier. The Fickian diffusion application considers a hyperbolic firstorder system with a boundary discontinuity and stable approach to the usual parabolic model. Results of the oxidation modeling of Tandon et al. (Polym Degrad Stab 91(8): 1861-1869, 2006) are recovered by employing the reaction kinetics model and properties assumed there, while providing in addition the individual constituent kinematic and kinetic behaviors, thus adding rich interpretive detail in comparison to the original treatment (Tandon et al., Polym Degrad Stab 91 (8): 1861-1869, 2006); two adjustable parameters describing coupled chemomechanical and purely chemical dissipation are added. The slurry infiltration application simulates the imposed mass deposition process and consequent effects on the kinematic and kinetic behaviors of the constituents. C1 [Hall, Richard] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXBC Bldg 654,2941 WPAFB,Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Gajendran, H.; Masud, A.] Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Hall, R (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL RXBC Bldg 654,2941 WPAFB,Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 2191-5644 BN 978-3-319-06980-7; 978-3-319-06979-1 J9 C PROC SOC EXP MECH PY 2015 BP 31 EP 40 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-06980-7_4 PG 10 WC Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Mechanics; Materials Science GA BF3KQ UT WOS:000380552100004 ER PT S AU Hopson, MV Scott, CM Lambert, D AF Hopson, Michael V. Scott, Christine M. Lambert, David BE Schonberg, WP TI Applicability of Statistical Flaw Distributions of Eglin Steel for Fracture Calculations SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2015 HYPERVELOCITY IMPACT SYMPOSIUM (HVIS 2015) SE Procedia Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Proceedings of the 2015 Hypervelocity Impact Symposium (HVIS) CY APR 26-30, 2015 CL Boulder, CO DE Fracture; Weibull compensation; CTH; Pronto3D; Zapotec AB Computational continuum codes can provide many details on the response of metals to high velocity impact and explosive loading events. However, most "production" level calculations use a homogeneous description of the metal. This is an incorrect representation since metals possess a microstructure whose details create variations in material strength and other properties such as strain to failure. Ultimately these variations influence the formation of fragments at the macroscopic level. The spatial scale of the microstructure is on the order of micrometers and is not readily accessible to current computational tools and resources for system level calculations. Rather than explicitly model the microstructure one can attempt to capture the effects of material non-homogeneity through the use of a statistical description. Specifically, a statistically compensated failure strain criterion can be used to simulate the non-homogeneity of a material. This technique has been used previously by the authors on a tungsten alloy with some success. In those experiments, tungsten alloy rings were subjected to explosive loading. This resulted in a stress state approaching uniaxial stress. Furthermore, the tungsten alloy had relatively low ductility. The combination of these two factors resulted in fragments that were formed by tensile failure. It is important to determine if this technique can be used on a more ductile material under a different stress state. Fragmentation data was available for explosively loaded cylinders of Eglin Steel-1 (ES-1). The combination of the cylinder geometry and a more ductile metal resulted in fragments formed by shear failure. The experiment was simulated using CTH for the explosive and Pronto3D for the ES-1. Comparisons of the cylinder calculation results are made to the experimental fragmentation data and the results analyzed show a viable path forward on the use of statistical descriptions of these continuum models. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Hopson, Michael V.; Scott, Christine M.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Dahlgren Div, 6138 NORC Ave,Suite 313, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. [Lambert, David] US Air Force, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Hopson, MV (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Dahlgren Div, 6138 NORC Ave,Suite 313, Dahlgren, VA 22448 USA. EM mvhopson@gmail.com NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7058 J9 PROCEDIA ENGINEER PY 2015 VL 103 BP 213 EP 220 DI 10.1016/j.proeng.2015.04.029 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA BF3FJ UT WOS:000380535200028 ER PT S AU Jenkins, CM Ripley, RC Cloney, C AF Jenkins, Charles M. Ripley, Robert C. Cloney, Chris BE Schonberg, WP TI Hypervelocity Pressure Fields Driven by Cylindrical Converging Shock Used for Accelerating Dense Metal Particles SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2015 HYPERVELOCITY IMPACT SYMPOSIUM (HVIS 2015) SE Procedia Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Proceedings of the 2015 Hypervelocity Impact Symposium (HVIS) CY APR 26-30, 2015 CL Boulder, CO DE Cylindrical Coverging Shock; Super Compression Detonation; Multiphase Flow AB The Cylindrical Converging Shock Tube is a novel explosion technology used to drive a shock or detonation wave through a core material at high velocity. The system contains an inner core and outer explosive annulus separated with an inner metal liner. Axial detonation of the annular explosive transmits a centrally converging shock in the form of a Mach stem into the core. With a slight modification to a Cylindrical Converging Shock Tube, a super compression detonation shock tube can be created which can provide a reactive core velocity of over 10 km/s by overdriving the annular explosive. An internal core pressure of several hundred gigapascal (GPa) can be produced depending on the item's geometry and core material properties. The study first examines the pressure fields in an inert PMMA core and then repeats the simulation for a reactive multiphase material of HMX/Al-W to identify the dynamics of an inert particle laden core. This study uses a Eulerian-to-Lagrangian conversion method to describe the particle dynamics occurring within the core. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Jenkins, Charles M.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, 2306 Perimeter Rd, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. [Ripley, Robert C.; Cloney, Chris] Martec Ltd, Halifax, NS B3J 3J8, Canada. RP Jenkins, CM (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, 2306 Perimeter Rd, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. EM charles.jenkins.5@us.af.mil NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7058 J9 PROCEDIA ENGINEER PY 2015 VL 103 BP 265 EP 272 DI 10.1016/j.proeng.2015.04.046 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA BF3FJ UT WOS:000380535200034 ER PT S AU Kleiser, G Lambert, D AF Kleiser, Geremy Lambert, David BE Schonberg, WP TI Control of Shaped Charge Jets Through Non-uniform Confinement SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2015 HYPERVELOCITY IMPACT SYMPOSIUM (HVIS 2015) SE Procedia Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Proceedings of the 2015 Hypervelocity Impact Symposium (HVIS) CY APR 26-30, 2015 CL Boulder, CO DE shaped charge jet; pressure asymmetry; cutting charge AB The shaped charge jet device has provided an efficient means of accelerating mass in hypervelocity studies for a broad variety of research and applications. This effort extends traditional 1-dimensional liner collapse to 2-dimentional manipulation and energy control of the jetting mechanism. Various confinement conditions were explored to induce non-concentric liner collapse conditions and produce planar jet structures. Symmetric, but non-uniform confinement produced 2-dimensional 'spreading jets' that have utility in cutting metal plates, pipe cutting, demolition and/or demilitarization of outdated or hazardous ordnance scenarios. First, parametric studies were numerically conducted to scope confinement thickness, confinement material, and the uniformity in circumferential coverage. Then, configurations were selected to best cover the design space and physical experiments were carried out with dual-orthogonal flash radiography. Lastly, the results were compared to the numerical simulations and analysis was conducted to examine the mechanism for mass re-distribution and extraction of the physics from explosive loading, its reflections off the non-uniform case, and liner collapse and jetting process. Three shots were conducted using the Viper liner and the steel thickness of 5.5mm since it provided the maximum confinement effect. The three shots examined the following gap sizes of 30 degrees, 60 degrees, and 90 degrees, and confirmed the numerical predictions of increasing radial expansion with gap size. The integrated approach of numerical modeling and experimental validation resulted in a higher fidelity insight into the complex jetting mechanism for improved future designs. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Kleiser, Geremy; Lambert, David] US Air Force, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, 101 West Eglin Blvd, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. RP Kleiser, G (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, 101 West Eglin Blvd, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7058 J9 PROCEDIA ENGINEER PY 2015 VL 103 BP 302 EP 309 DI 10.1016/j.proeng.2015.04.051 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA BF3FJ UT WOS:000380535200039 ER PT S AU Polk, M Woods, D Roebuck, B Opiela, J Sheaffer, P Liou, JC AF Polk, Marshall Woods, David Roebuck, Brian Opiela, John Sheaffer, Patti Liou, J. C. BE Schonberg, WP TI Orbital Debris Assessment Testing in the AEDC Range G SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2015 HYPERVELOCITY IMPACT SYMPOSIUM (HVIS 2015) SE Procedia Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Proceedings of the 2015 Hypervelocity Impact Symposium (HVIS) CY APR 26-30, 2015 CL Boulder, CO DE Orbital Debris; Light Gas Gun; AEDC Range G; Hypervelocity Impact; Iridium 33; Kosmos-2251; Debrisat; High Speed Video; Low Earth Orbit Collision Testing; Fengyun-1C weather satellite; Soft Catch; Debris Recovery; Arnold Engineering Development Complex AB The space environment presents many hazards for satellites and spacecraft. One of the major hazards is hypervelocity impacts from uncontrolled man-made space debris. Arnold Engineering Development Complex (AEDC), the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the United States Air Force Space and Missile Systems Center (SMC), the University of Florida, and the Aerospace Corporation configured a large ballistic range to perform a series of hypervelocity destructive impact tests in order to better understand the effects of space collisions. The test utilized AEDC's Range G light gas launcher, which is capable of firing projectiles up to 7 km/sec. A nonfunctional full-scale representation of a modern satellite called the DebriSat was destroyed in the enclosed range environment. Several modifications to the range facility were made to ensure quality data was obtained from the impact events. The facility modifcations were intended to provide a high-impact energy-to-target-mass ratio (>200 J/g), a nondamaging method of debris collection, and an instrumentation suite capable of providing information on the physics of the entire impact event. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Polk, Marshall; Woods, David; Roebuck, Brian] Arnold Engn Dev Complex, 100 Kindel Dr, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. [Opiela, John] Jacobs Technol NASA Johnson, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Sheaffer, Patti] Aerosp Corp, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. [Liou, J. C.] NASA Orbital Debris Program Off, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Polk, M (reprint author), Arnold Engn Dev Complex, 100 Kindel Dr, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7058 J9 PROCEDIA ENGINEER PY 2015 VL 103 BP 490 EP 498 DI 10.1016/j.proeng.2015.04.064 PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA BF3FJ UT WOS:000380535200063 ER PT S AU Li, KY Pillai, U Himed, B AF Li, Ke Yong Pillai, Unnikrishna Himed, Braham GP IEEE TI Moving Target Geolocation in Bistatic/Passive SAR Images using ATI SO 2015 IEEE INTERNATIONAL RADAR CONFERENCE (RADARCON) SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Radar Conference (RadarCon) CY MAY 10-15, 2015 CL Arlington, VA SP IEEE, Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, IEEE Signal Proc Soc, IEEE Geoscience & Remote Sensing Soc, IEEE Informat Theory Soc DE Bistatic synthetic aperture radar (SAR); Along track interferometry (ATI); Moving target geolocation; Ground Moving Target Indication (GMTI) AB In an effort to image and geolocate moving targets using transmitters of opportunity (Passive radar), three situations - Monostatic LFM, bistatic LFM and bistatic OFDM are considered. Here OFDM waveform plays the role of an ideal LFM waveform that has superior resolution. In the case of moving targets, the shift in their imaged locations by virtue of their motion are accounted for in terms of target radial velocity. This allows us to correctly geolocate the moving targets both in the monostatic and bistatic cases knowing the target signature location along with its radial velocity. The results are verified using realistic multiple moving targets in moderate clutter to account for various moving target scenarios. C1 [Li, Ke Yong; Pillai, Unnikrishna] C&P Technol Inc, Closter, NJ 07624 USA. [Pillai, Unnikrishna] NYU, Dept Elect Engn, Closter, NJ USA. [Himed, Braham] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Li, KY (reprint author), C&P Technol Inc, Closter, NJ 07624 USA. EM kli@cptnj.com NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4799-8232-5 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2015 BP 45 EP 50 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BE3MP UT WOS:000370972900009 ER PT J AU Grabowski, C Degnan, JH Domonkos, M Ruden, EL Wurden, GA AF Grabowski, C. Degnan, J. H. Domonkos, M. Ruden, E. L. Wurden, G. A. GP IEEE TI INCREASING PERFORMANCE OF THE FRCHX PLASMA INJECTOR SYSTEM SO 2015 42ND IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PLASMA SCIENCES (ICOPS) LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT IEEE International Conference on Plasma Sciences (ICOPS) CY MAY 24-28, 2015 CL Belek, TURKEY SP IEEE NPSS, IEEE, PLAZAMATEK C1 [Grabowski, C.; Degnan, J. H.; Domonkos, M.; Ruden, E. L.] Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Wurden, G. A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RI Wurden, Glen/A-1921-2017 OI Wurden, Glen/0000-0003-2991-1484 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-6974-6 PY 2015 PG 1 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BF2ND UT WOS:000380482200366 ER PT J AU Schmitt-Sody, A White, W Lucero, A Hasson, V AF Schmitt-Sody, Andreas White, William Lucero, Adrian Hasson, Victor GP IEEE TI The role of corona and space charges during femtosecond laser pulse filament guided high voltage discharges in air SO 2015 42ND IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PLASMA SCIENCES (ICOPS) LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT IEEE International Conference on Plasma Sciences (ICOPS) CY MAY 24-28, 2015 CL Belek, TURKEY SP IEEE NPSS, IEEE, PLAZAMATEK C1 [Schmitt-Sody, Andreas; White, William] Air Force Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. [Lucero, Adrian] Boeing DES, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. [Hasson, Victor] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-6974-6 PY 2015 PG 1 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BF2ND UT WOS:000380482200143 ER PT J AU Tang, W Shiffler, D LaCour, M Golby, K Knowles, T AF Tang, W. Shiffler, D. LaCour, M. Golby, K. Knowles, T. GP IEEE TI Study of the Electric Field Screening Effect on Low Number of Carbon Fiber Field Emitters SO 2015 42ND IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PLASMA SCIENCES (ICOPS) LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT IEEE International Conference on Plasma Sciences (ICOPS) CY MAY 24-28, 2015 CL Belek, TURKEY SP IEEE NPSS, IEEE, PLAZAMATEK C1 [Tang, W.; Shiffler, D.] Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [LaCour, M.; Golby, K.] SAIC Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. [Knowles, T.] Energy Sci Labs Inc, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-6974-6 PY 2015 PG 1 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BF2ND UT WOS:000380482200339 ER PT S AU Sheorey, S Firl, A Wei, H Mee, J AF Sheorey, Sameer Firl, Alrik Wei, Hai Mee, Jesse BE Bilgin, A Marcellin, MW SerraSagrista, J Storer, JA TI Adaptive Prediction with Switched Models SO 2015 DATA COMPRESSION CONFERENCE (DCC) SE IEEE Data Compression Conference LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Data Compression Conference (DCC) CY APR 07-09, 2015 CL Snowbird, UT SP Univ Arizona, Brandeis Univ, Microsoft Research, IEEE Signal Processing Soc, IEEE Comp Soc C1 [Sheorey, Sameer; Firl, Alrik; Wei, Hai] UtopiaCompress Corp, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Mee, Jesse] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. EM sameer@utopiacompression.com; alrik@utopiacompression.com; hai@utopiacompression.com; jesse.mee@kirtland.af.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1068-0314 BN 978-1-4799-8430-5 J9 IEEE DATA COMPR CONF PY 2015 BP 471 EP 471 DI 10.1109/DCC.2015.78 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BF1MJ UT WOS:000380409800078 ER PT S AU Lutz, A Grace, K Messer, N Ezekiel, S Blasch, E Alford, M Bubalo, A Cornacchia, M AF Lutz, Adam Grace, Kendrick Messer, Neal Ezekiel, Soundararajan Blasch, Erik Alford, Mark Bubalo, Adnan Cornacchia, Maria GP IEEE TI Bandelet Transformation based Image Registration SO 2015 IEEE APPLIED IMAGERY PATTERN RECOGNITION WORKSHOP (AIPR) SE IEEE Applied Imagery Pattern Recognition Workshop LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Applied Imagery Pattern Recognition Workshop (AIPR) CY OCT 13-15, 2015 CL Washington, DC DE Bandelet; Image Registration; Control Points; Geometric Flow; Multi-Resolution Analysis; Wavelets ID EDGE-DETECTION; COMPRESSION; WAVELETS; DOMAIN AB Perfect image registration is an unsolved challenge that has been attempted in a multitude of different ways. This paper presents an approach for single-modal, multi-view registration of aerial imagery data that uses bandelets in the preprocessing phase to extract key geometric features and limit the amount of details in the image that must be considered during the feature matching process. Applying the bandelet decomposition on both the reference and target images before feature extraction will limit the control point selection process to only those points with the most relevant geometric data. The approach uses a multi-scale approach to estimate a transformation that converges to an optimal solution as well as reduce the computation time for real-time image registration. The bandelet basis also provides for a more effective feature (e.g. corner) detection and extraction method because it determines the geometric flow and allows for shifted patches in the orthogonal direction of the geometric flow. Theoretically the bandelet results in less false positives and better detection rates than existing methods. The Bandelet-based Image Registration (BIR) method has applications in image fusion, change detection, object recognition, autonomous navigation, and target tracking. C1 [Lutz, Adam; Grace, Kendrick; Messer, Neal; Ezekiel, Soundararajan] Indiana Univ Penn, Indiana, PA 15701 USA. [Blasch, Erik; Alford, Mark; Bubalo, Adnan; Cornacchia, Maria] Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY 13440 USA. RP Lutz, A (reprint author), Indiana Univ Penn, Indiana, PA 15701 USA. NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1550-5219 BN 978-1-4673-9558-8 J9 IEEE APP IMG PAT PY 2015 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BF1YA UT WOS:000380444400009 ER PT J AU van Eeden, WD de Villiers, JP Nel, WAJ Kloke, KH Blasch, E AF van Eeden, W. D. de Villiers, J. P. Nel, W. A. J. Kloke, K. H. Blasch, E. GP IEEE TI A comparative cepstral based analysis of simulated and measured S-band and X-band radar Doppler spectra of human motion SO 2015 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference CY OCT 27-30, 2015 CL Johannesburg, SOUTH AFRICA SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc AB A Simulation for human Doppler response is developed based on the Carnegie Mellon University motion capture database. This data is used to simulate human Doppler response as it would be seen by a radar system and this data is compared to measured radar data in S-and X-band. Cepstrum analysis is then used to evaluate the features of each time frame and the synthetic data is compared to measured data. It is shown that motion capture data can be used to simulate the Doppler response of human targets. It is also shown that, whereas the motion of most body parts of a human target can be observed in the X-band data, only the main torso sway can be observed at S-band. This implies that X-band data is well suited to cepstrum based human motion classification, whereas S-band is not ideal. However there are some discriminative features that could be extracted from the S-band data of the main body sway of running and walking individuals. Finally, the statistical differences between cepstrum coefficients of the data of walking and running individuals are highlighted, indicating their discriminative significance. C1 [de Villiers, J. P.; Nel, W. A. J.; Kloke, K. H.] CSIR, Pretoria, South Africa. [van Eeden, W. D.; de Villiers, J. P.] Univ Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa. [Blasch, E.] Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. RP van Eeden, WD (reprint author), Univ Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa. EM jdvilliers1@csir.co.za; wajnel@csir.co.za; kkloke@csir.co.za; erik.blasch.1@us.af.mil NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-9655-4 PY 2015 BP 283 EP 288 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BF1WN UT WOS:000380440700052 ER PT J AU Donahue, C Merkel, C Saleh, Q Dolgovs, L Ooi, YK Kudithipudi, D Wysocki, B AF Donahue, Colin Merkel, Cory Saleh, Qutaiba Dolgovs, Levs Ooi, Yu Kee Kudithipudi, Dhireesha Wysocki, Bryant GP IEEE TI Design and Analysis of Neuromemristive Echo State Networks with Limited-Precision Synapses SO 2015 IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE FOR SECURITY AND DEFENSE APPLICATIONS (CISDA) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence for Security and Defense Applications (CISDA) CY MAY 26-26, 2015 CL Verona, NY ID NEURAL-NETWORKS; SPEECH AB Echo state networks (ESNs) are gaining popularity as a method for recognizing patterns in time series data. ESNs are random, recurrent neural network topologies that are able to integrate temporal data over short time windows by operating on the edge of chaos. In this paper, we explore the design of a hardware ESN with bi-stable memristor-based synapses. Hybrid CMOS/memristor hardware implementations of ESNs are able to exploit non-linear device physics, improving power consumption, and boosting performance over software approaches. However, the digital nature of most experimental memristors places a limit on the precision of weight states in the ESN's readout layer. In spite of this, we show that ESNs with only 5 different readout layer weight states can acheive 67% accuracy in spoken digit recognition tasks. C1 [Donahue, Colin; Merkel, Cory; Saleh, Qutaiba; Dolgovs, Levs; Ooi, Yu Kee; Kudithipudi, Dhireesha] Rochester Inst Technol, Dept Comp Engn, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Wysocki, Bryant] US Air Force, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Donahue, C (reprint author), Rochester Inst Technol, Dept Comp Engn, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. EM crd4513@rit.edu; cem1103@rit.edu; qms7252@rit.edu; ld2193@rit.edu; yo4083@rit.edu; dxkeec@rit.edu; bryant.wysocki.2@us.af.mil NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-7557-3 PY 2015 BP 24 EP 29 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BF1WS UT WOS:000380441200005 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, M Kwiat, KA Kamhoua, CA AF Rodriguez, Manuel Kwiat, Kevin A. Kamhoua, Charles A. GP IEEE TI On the Use of Design Diversity in Fault Tolerant and Secure Systems: A Qualitative Analysis SO 2015 IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE FOR SECURITY AND DEFENSE APPLICATIONS (CISDA) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence for Security and Defense Applications (CISDA) CY MAY 26-26, 2015 CL Verona, NY DE design diversity; fault tolerance; performance; dependability; security AB The design and development of modern critical systems, including cyber-physical systems, is experiencing a greater reliance on the outsourcing of systems parts and the use of third -party components and tools. These issues pose new risks and threats that affect dependability in general, and security in particular. Not only the chances are higher for system designs to be faulty, yet they can be maliciously altered. In addition, the extension of monocultures, comprising networks of interconnected systems featuring similar platforms and computing resources, facilitates the spreading and gravity of attacks. Even correctly designed systems can have side behaviors leading to vulnerabilities that are exploitable by attackers. Design diversity, although proposed and used for long time, can help palliate these emerging challenges. This paper explores and analyzes design diversity from a qualitative perspective, with respect to its fault tolerance and performance properties. The paper describes core concepts of design diversity such as non -diversity and diversity points, and provides quality measurements that help gaining a better understanding of how design diversity can impact the development of fault tolerant and secure systems. C1 [Rodriguez, Manuel; Kwiat, Kevin A.; Kamhoua, Charles A.] Air Force Res Lab, Cyber Assurance Branch, Informat Directorate, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Rodriguez, M (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Cyber Assurance Branch, Informat Directorate, Rome, NY 13441 USA. EM manuel.rodriguez-moreno.1.ctr@us.af.mil; kevin.kwiat@us.af.mil; charles.kamhoua.1@us.af.mil NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-7557-3 PY 2015 BP 132 EP 139 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BF1WS UT WOS:000380441200021 ER PT J AU Zhao, H Kwiat, K Kamhoua, C Rodriguez, M AF Zhao, Hong Kwiat, Kevin Kamhoua, Charles Rodriguez, Manuel GP IEEE TI Applying Chaos Theory for Runtime Hardware Trojan Detection SO 2015 IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE FOR SECURITY AND DEFENSE APPLICATIONS (CISDA) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence for Security and Defense Applications (CISDA) CY MAY 26-26, 2015 CL Verona, NY AB Hardware Trojans (HTs) are posing a serious threat to the security of Integrated Circuits (ICs). Detecting HT in an IC is an important but hard problem due to the wide spectrum of HTs and their stealthy nature. In this paper, we propose a runtime Trojan detection approach by applying chaos theory to analyze the nonlinear dynamic characteristics of power consumption of an IC. The observed power dissipation series is embedded into a higher dimensional phase space. Such an embedding transforms the observed data to a new processing space, which provides precise information about the dynamics involved. The feature model is then built in this newly reconstructed phase space. The overhead, which is the main challenge for runtime approaches, is reduced by taking advantage of available thermal sensors in most modern ICs. The proposed model has been tested for publicly-available Trojan benchmarks and simulation results show that the proposed scheme outperforms the state-of-the-art method using temperature tracking in terms of detection rate and computational complexity. More importantly, the proposed model does not make any assumptions about the statistical distribution of power trace and no Trojan-active data is needed, which makes it appropriate for runtime use. C1 [Zhao, Hong] Fairleigh Dickinson Univ, Teaneck, NJ 07666 USA. [Kwiat, Kevin; Kamhoua, Charles; Rodriguez, Manuel] Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. RP Zhao, H (reprint author), Fairleigh Dickinson Univ, Teaneck, NJ 07666 USA. EM zhao@fdu.edu; kevin.kwiat@us.af.mil; charles.kamhoua.1@us.af.mil; manuel.rodriguez-moreno.1.ctr@us.af.mil NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-7557-3 PY 2015 BP 156 EP 161 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BF1WS UT WOS:000380441200024 ER PT J AU Nelson, K Corbin, G Amnia, M Kovacs, M Tobias, J Blowers, M AF Nelson, Kevin Corbin, George Amnia, Mark Kovacs, Matthew Tobias, Jeremy Blowers, Misty GP IEEE TI Evaluating Model Drift in Machine Learning Algorithms SO 2015 IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE FOR SECURITY AND DEFENSE APPLICATIONS (CISDA) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence for Security and Defense Applications (CISDA) CY MAY 26-26, 2015 CL Verona, NY DE adversarial machine learning; cyber security; intrusion detection systems; model drift ID INTRUSION DETECTION AB Machine learning is rapidly emerging as a valuable technology thanks to its ability to learn patterns from large data sets and solve problems that are impossible to model using conventional programming logic. As machine learning techniques become more mainstream, they are being applied to a wider range of application domains. These algorithms are now trusted to make critical decisions in secure and adversarial environments such as healthcare, fraud detection, and network security, in which mistakes can be incredibly costly. They are also a critical component to most modern autonomous systems. However, the data driven approach utilized by these machine learning methods can prove to be a weakness if the data on which the models rely are corrupted by either nefarious or accidental means. Models that utilize on-line learning or periodic retraining to learn new patterns and account for data distribution changes are particularly susceptible to corruption through model drift. In modeling this type of scenario, specially crafted data points are added to the training set over time to adversely influence the system, inducing model drift which leads to incorrect classifications. Our work is focused on exploring the resistance of various machine learning algorithms to such an approach. In this paper we present an experimental framework designed to measure the susceptibility of anomaly detection algorithms to model drift. We also exhibit our preliminary results using various machine learning algorithms commonly found in intrusion detection research. C1 [Nelson, Kevin; Corbin, George; Amnia, Mark; Kovacs, Matthew; Tobias, Jeremy] BAE Syst, Rome, NY 13440 USA. [Blowers, Misty] Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. RP Nelson, K (reprint author), BAE Syst, Rome, NY 13440 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-7557-3 PY 2015 BP 162 EP 169 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BF1WS UT WOS:000380441200025 ER PT J AU Patel, H AF Patel, Hiren GP IEEE TI Non-Parametric Feature Generation for RF-Fingerprinting on ZigBee Devices SO 2015 IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE FOR SECURITY AND DEFENSE APPLICATIONS (CISDA) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence for Security and Defense Applications (CISDA) CY MAY 26-26, 2015 CL Verona, NY AB As the Internet of Things becomes a reality, proliferation of wireless devices such as ZigBee nodes has accelerated. Their presence is now wide spread in sensitive areas such as home automation, industrial control systems, medical devices and security systems. As their popularity has increased, so has the urgency to protect and defend these networks. The decentralized nature of ZigBee ad-hoc networks creates unique security challenges for maintaining network security and intrusion detection. RF-fingerprinting provides a unique physical (PHY) layer defense against node counterfeiting by identifying rogue devices through their RF-emissions. In previous work, feature generation from received RF signals was accomplished with parametric variables such as standard deviation, variance, skewness, and kurtosis, all based on the assumption of a normal distribution of a particular region of interest. We show in this work that most collected signals are either multi-modal or non-parametric. Use of non-parametric methods for feature generation such as mean, median, mode, and trend represented by linear model coefficient estimates are shown to be much more applicable to the non-parametric distribution of the collected ZigBee preamble, resulting in improved classification performance of devices. Non-parametric classifier Random Forest is used with both parametric and non-parametric features to provide a classification performance comparison. Performance improvements of upto 9% in correct classification rates have been achieved and an effective gain of 4 dB SNR was realized. C1 [Patel, Hiren] US Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Patel, H (reprint author), US Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. EM hiren.patel@us.af.mil NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-7557-3 PY 2015 BP 178 EP 182 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BF1WS UT WOS:000380441200027 ER PT J AU Fogle, R Salva, K Vasquez, J Kessler, A AF Fogle, Ryan Salva, Karl Vasquez, Juan Kessler, Ash GP IEEE TI Multi-Objective Detector and Tracker Parameter Optimization via NSGA-II SO 2015 IEEE WINTER APPLICATIONS AND COMPUTER VISION WORKSHOPS (WACVW) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEE* Win* App* Com* Vis* Wor* CY JAN 06-09, 2015 CL Waikoloa Beach, HI SP IEEE COMP SOC, IEEE BIOMETRICS COUNCIL, AMAZON, CPS AB Modern tracking algorithms must engage a wide variety of targets. These targets vary in size, shape, intensity, and speed. While the targets change dependent upon application, oftentimes the tracking software remains predominantly constant. Rather, the tracking algorithm flexibility is achieved by user-defined parameters. Unfortunately even for experienced operators, these parameters may be difficult to tune resulting in suboptimal performance. This difficulty prompts the need for automated tuning software. To aid the operator in determining parameter values, this paper presents the novel application of non-dominated sort genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) to determine optimal detector and tracker settings. C1 [Fogle, Ryan] Wright State Res Inst, Beavercreek, OH 45431 USA. [Salva, Karl] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Vasquez, Juan] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Kessler, Ash] Intelligent Software Solut, Colorado Springs, CO USA. RP Fogle, R (reprint author), Wright State Res Inst, Beavercreek, OH 45431 USA. EM ryan.fogle@wright.edu; karl.salva.ctr@us.af.mil; juan.vasquez.11@us.af.mil; ashley.kessler.1.ctr@us.af.mil OI Salva, Karol/0000-0001-7635-7805 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-7695-5469-3 PY 2015 BP 4 EP 9 DI 10.1109/WACVW.2015.13 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BF2PE UT WOS:000380487300002 ER PT S AU Ombrello, T Tam, CJ Haw, W Carter, C AF Ombrello, Timothy Tam, Chung-Jen Haw, Willie Carter, Campbell BE King, R TI Transient Mixing Enhancement of a Transverse Jet in Supersonic Cross Flow Using Pulse Detonation SO ACTIVE FLOW AND COMBUSTION CONTROL 2014 SE Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics and Multidisciplinary Design LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Active Flow and Combustion Control Conference (Germany) CY SEP 10-12, 2014 CL Tech Univ Berlin, Berlin, GERMANY SP FU Berlin, RWTH Aachen, DLR HO Tech Univ Berlin ID INJECTION; COMBUSTION; PENETRATION; STREAM; STRUT AB Enhanced mixing and conditioning of a transverse jet in Mach-2 cross flow was investigated through the application of a staged pulse detonation injector. NO planar laser-induced fluorescence and high-frame-rate shadow-graph imaging provided measurements for comparison to CFD modeling of the interaction. The large momentum flux of the pulse detonator led to significant redistribution of the plume from an upstream injectant for several milliseconds while simultaneously elevating its temperatures. The result was a conditioning of the transverse jet plume that could be related to increased reactivity if the upstream injectant was fuel. Typical PD exhaust times would enable potential quasi-steady conditioning of the transverse jet plume if pulsation frequencies on the order of 100 Hz are used. C1 [Ombrello, Timothy; Carter, Campbell] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Tam, Chung-Jen] Taitech, Beavercreek, OH USA. [Haw, Willie] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ombrello, T (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM timothy.ombrello.1@us.af.mil; chung_jen.tam.1.ctr@us.af.mil; willie.haw@afit.edu; campbell.carter@us.af.mil NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1612-2909 BN 978-3-319-11966-3 J9 NOTES NUMER FLUID ME PY 2015 VL 127 BP 247 EP 264 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-11967-0_16 PG 18 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Mechanics; Physics GA BF2AM UT WOS:000380450600016 ER PT S AU Anderson, M Anderson, M AF Anderson, Michael Anderson, Mark BE Subic, A Fuss, FK Alam, F Pang, TY Takla, M TI A novel tool and training methodology for improving finger strength in rock climbers SO IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY ON SPORT VI' 7TH ASIA-PACIFIC CONGRESS ON SPORTS TECHNOLOGY, APCST2015 SE Procedia Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 'The Impact of Technology on Sport VI' 7th Asia-Pacific Congress on Sports Technology, APCST CY SEP 23-25, 2015 CL Barcelona, SPAIN DE Rock climbing performance; finger strength training; hangboard design; rock prodigy training center; rock prodigy method ID PERFORMANCE; ENDURANCE AB Recently a novel finger strength training tool for rock climbers, the Rock Prodigy Training Center (RPTC) and its associated training protocol, the Rock Prodigy Method (RPM) were developed. The RPTC incorporates several innovations that improve upon similar, traditional devices to provide a sport-specific, repeatable method for improving finger strength in climbers, and to improve overall climbing performance. After several months of use by climbers around the world, the efficacies of these tools were evaluated by comparing pre- and post-training climbing performance. Training and performance data are presented from 118 athletes which clearly demonstrate that the RPTC and RPM are highly effective at increasing sport-specific finger strength. Finger strength improved an average of 21.5% after only 4 weeks of training, and overall climbing ability improved an average of 2.5 Yosemite Decimal System letter grades after using these training tools. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Anderson, Michael] US Air Force Acad, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Suite 6L-155, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Anderson, Mark] Def Contract Management Agcy, Littleton, CO 80127 USA. RP Anderson, M (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Suite 6L-155, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM michael.anderson@usafa.edu NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7058 J9 PROCEDIA ENGINEER PY 2015 VL 112 BP 491 EP 496 DI 10.1016/j.proeng.2015.07.230 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Sport Sciences SC Engineering; Sport Sciences GA BF2WE UT WOS:000380503800083 ER PT J AU Trevino, RP Kawamoto, SA Lamkin, TJ Liu, H AF Trevino, Robert P. Kawamoto, Steve A. Lamkin, Thomas J. Liu, Huan BE Ho, H Ooi, BC Zaki, MJ Hu, XH Haas, L Kumar, V Rachuri, S Yu, SP Hsiao, MHI Li, J Luo, F Pyne, S Ogan, K TI Cell Analytics in Compound Hit Selection of Bacterial Inhibitors SO PROCEEDINGS 2015 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIG DATA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Big Data CY OCT 29-NOV 01, 2015 CL Santa Clara, CA SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, Natl Sci Fdn, CCF, HUAWEI, Springer, ELSEVIER, CISCO, Intel ID DRUG; CLASSIFICATION AB Identifying novel drugs that inhibit bacterial infection has gained a considerable amount of attention in recent years. This is in part due to the increased number of highly resistant bacteria and the serious health threat it poses around the world. In order to combat this threat, a significant hurdle to overcome is the relatively low success rate of identifying novel chemical compounds that are effective at inhibiting bacterial infection. Despite increasing the vast amount of data that is currently generated during drug discovery endeavors, traditional analysis methods have not increased the overall success rate. In this paper, we investigate whether multivariate Image-based high content screening (HCS) platforms can identify chemical compounds using significantly reduced data while retaining its competitiveness. Image-based HCS is still predominantly used in biological compound activity assessments (bioassays) with univariate methods, not utilizing the data to its full potential. We propose a novel method that uses a small number of cells in high dimensional space to analyze interactions between cells, bacteria, and chemical compounds. Our results further indicate that our method can identify compounds that inhibit bacterial infection with a fraction of the control data generated. C1 [Trevino, Robert P.; Liu, Huan] Arizona State Univ, Sch Comp Informat & Decis Syst Engn, Tempe, AZ 85281 USA. [Kawamoto, Steve A.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Lamkin, Thomas J.] Wright Patterson Air Force Base, HPW RHXBC 711, Air Force Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Trevino, RP (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Comp Informat & Decis Syst Engn, Tempe, AZ 85281 USA. EM rptrevin@asu.edu; skawamoto@ues.com; thomas.lamkin@wpafb.af.mil; huan.liu@asu.edu NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-9925-5 PY 2015 BP 1037 EP 1042 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BF1KI UT WOS:000380404600126 ER PT S AU Blasch, E Kahler, B AF Blasch, Erik Kahler, Bart GP IEEE TI V-NIIRS Fusion Modeling for EO/IR Systems SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2015 IEEE NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (NAECON) SE IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT P 2015 IEEE Natl Aerospace and Elect C (NAECON) CY JUN 16-19, 2015 CL Dayton, OH DE V-NIIRS; target tracking; performance modeling ID IMAGE-QUALITY EQUATION; RESOURCE-MANAGEMENT; COVARIANCE; TRACKING; VIDEO AB The Video National Imagery Interpretability Rating Scale (V-NIIRS) is an emerging standard of the Motion Imagery Standards Board (MISB). V-NIIRS extends NIIRS to from image-based scene characterization to streaming video for image quality assessment of object recognition. To apply V-NIIRS for image fusion, there is a need to understand the operating conditions of the sensor type, environmental phenomenon, and target behavior (SET). In this paper, we explore V-NIIRS as related to resolution, ground sampling distance, and probability of detection, recognition, and identification success. In a modeling analysis, we determine the issues and capabilities of using V-NIIRS video quality ratings to determine task success. Scenarios are provided that allow one to determine the V-NIIRS requirement for a given operational parameter. C1 [Blasch, Erik] US Air Force, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. [Kahler, Bart] Leidos, Dayton, OH 45344 USA. RP Blasch, E (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. NR 97 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0547-3578 BN 978-1-4673-7565-8 J9 PROC NAECON IEEE NAT PY 2015 BP 19 EP 26 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BF2GN UT WOS:000380465700004 ER PT S AU Ferris, MH McLaughlin, M Grieggs, S Ezekiel, S Blasch, E Alford, M Cornacchia, M Bubalo, A AF Ferris, Michael H. McLaughlin, Michael Grieggs, Samuel Ezekiel, Soundararajan Blasch, Erik Alford, Mark Cornacchia, Maria Bubalo, Adnan GP IEEE TI Using ROC Curves and AUC to Evaluate Performance of No-Reference Image Fusion Metrics SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2015 IEEE NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (NAECON) SE IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT P 2015 IEEE Natl Aerospace and Elect C (NAECON) CY JUN 16-19, 2015 CL Dayton, OH DE Image Fusion; No-Reference Objective Fusion Metrics; Mutual Information; Spatial Frequency; SSIM; Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curves; Area Under the Curve (AUC) ID INFORMATION; ALGORITHMS; VALIDATION AB Image fusion has many applications in which a reference image is not always available including image registration, medical imaging, and fusion between visible and infrared imagery. For these no-reference applications, it is important that there are objective and efficient methods for validating fusion performance, as subjective image fusion evaluation is time consuming and non-scalable. There have been multiple no-reference objective metrics created in the past. These include mutual information, spatial frequency, and structural similarity index measure (SSIM). However, it is important to consider justification of a given evaluation metric as appropriate for a given type of image fusion method. We seek to ensure that if a given metric scores one image higher than another, then the image with the higher metric score is subjectively preferred. This pilot study investigates the applications of Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves and the Area Under the Curve (AUC) as a method of validation for fusion metrics used for evaluating image fusion methods. The results from the pilot study indicate that ROC curves and AUC provide a discriminating form of validation for image fusion metrics to support image fusion applications evaluation. C1 [Ferris, Michael H.] SUNY Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13901 USA. [McLaughlin, Michael; Grieggs, Samuel; Ezekiel, Soundararajan] Indiana Univ Penn, Indiana, PA 15705 USA. [Blasch, Erik; Alford, Mark; Cornacchia, Maria; Bubalo, Adnan] US Air Force, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Ferris, MH (reprint author), SUNY Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13901 USA. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0547-3578 BN 978-1-4673-7565-8 J9 PROC NAECON IEEE NAT PY 2015 BP 27 EP 34 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BF2GN UT WOS:000380465700005 ER PT S AU McLaughlin, MJ Grieggs, S Ezekiel, S Ferris, MH Blasch, E Alford, M Cornacchia, M Bubalo, A AF McLaughlin, Michael J. Grieggs, Samuel Ezekiel, Soundararajan Ferris, Michael H. Blasch, Erik Alford, Mark Cornacchia, Maria Bubalo, Adnan GP IEEE TI Bandelet Denoising in Image Processing SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2015 IEEE NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (NAECON) SE IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT P 2015 IEEE Natl Aerospace and Elect C (NAECON) CY JUN 16-19, 2015 CL Dayton, OH DE Bandelet; Denoise; Structural Similarity; Peak Signal to Noise Ratio; Object Detection; Wavelet Exploitation of Bandelet Coefficients (WEBC) ID WAVELET; REPRESENTATION; TRANSFORM; DICTIONARIES; ALGORITHM; SPARSE; SCALE; MODEL AB As digital media and internet use grow, imagery and video are prevalent in many areas of life. Many sensing methods such as Full Motion Video (FMV), Hyperspectral Imagery (HSI), and medical imaging have been developed to accumulate data for diagnostics. Analyzing imagery data to detect and identify specific objects is an essential phase of comprehending visual imagery. Content-based image retrieval (CBIR) is a contemporary development in the field of computer vision. Currently, edge detection filters create undesirable noise for CBIR that leads to difficulties in object detection algorithms. Bandelets have been shown to decrease the noise in signals and images by their use of geometric regularity to compute polynomial approximations in localized regions. In this paper, we use both the bandelet and the discrete wavelet transform to decrease noise within an image. By using Wavelet Exploitation of Bandelet Coefficients (WEBC) to decrease noise we can enhance object detection for CBIR. WEBC raised the peak signal to noise ratio from noised to the denoised images by 19 percent on average, while the structural similarity index measure actually increased by 80 percent on average. C1 [McLaughlin, Michael J.; Grieggs, Samuel; Ezekiel, Soundararajan] Indiana Univ Penn, Indiana, PA 15701 USA. [Ferris, Michael H.] SUNY Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13901 USA. [Blasch, Erik; Alford, Mark; Cornacchia, Maria; Bubalo, Adnan] US Air Force, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP McLaughlin, MJ (reprint author), Indiana Univ Penn, Indiana, PA 15701 USA. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0547-3578 BN 978-1-4673-7565-8 J9 PROC NAECON IEEE NAT PY 2015 BP 35 EP 40 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BF2GN UT WOS:000380465700006 ER PT S AU Blasch, E AF Blasch, Erik GP IEEE TI Multi-Intelligence Critical Rating Assessment of Fusion Techniques (MiCRAFT) Method SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2015 IEEE NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (NAECON) SE IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT P 2015 IEEE Natl Aerospace and Elect C (NAECON) CY JUN 16-19, 2015 CL Dayton, OH DE Data Fusion Information Group Model; Information Fusion; User Refinement; QuEST; Situation Awareness ID RESOURCE-MANAGEMENT; SYSTEMS AB Assessment of multi-intelligence fusion techniques includes algorithm performance credibility, mission needs quality assessment, and work-domain usability. Situation awareness (SAW) bridges low-level information fusion (tracking and identification), with high-level information fusion (threat and scenario-based assessment), against user refinement (physical, cognitive, and information tasks). To measure SAW, common techniques include the NASA TLX (Task Load Index), SAGAT (Situational Awareness Global Assessment Technique) probes, SART (Situational Awareness Rating Technique) questionnaires, and CDM (Critical Decision Method) decision points. These SAW tools are combined for a Multi-Intelligence Critical Rating Assessment of Fusion Techniques (MiCRAFT). The focus is to measure user refinement of a situation over the information fusion quality of service (QoS) metrics: timeliness, accuracy, confidence, workload (cost), and attention (throughput). A key component of any user analysis includes correlation, association, and summarization of data; so we also seek measure SAW in the QuEST of information. C1 [Blasch, Erik] US Air Force, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Blasch, E (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. NR 106 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0547-3578 BN 978-1-4673-7565-8 J9 PROC NAECON IEEE NAT PY 2015 BP 81 EP 88 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BF2GN UT WOS:000380465700014 ER PT S AU Wu, R Deng, AN Chen, Y Blasch, E Liu, BW AF Wu, Ryan Deng, Anna Chen, Yu Blasch, Erik Liu, Bingwei GP IEEE TI Cloud Technology Applications for Area Surveillance SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2015 IEEE NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (NAECON) SE IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT P 2015 IEEE Natl Aerospace and Elect C (NAECON) CY JUN 16-19, 2015 CL Dayton, OH DE Area Surveillance; Container-based Cloud; WAMI (Wide-Area Motion Imagery); FMV (Full Motion Video); Dynamic Data-Driven Application Systems; Pseudo-Real-Time Processing ID INFORMATION FUSION AB Efficient area surveillance in the Big Data era requires the capability of quickly abstracting useful information from the overwhelmingly increasing amount of data. Real-time information fusion is imperative and challenging to mission critical surveillance tasks for variant applications. Cloud computing has been recognized as an ideal candidate for Big Data because of many attractive features including high elasticity, good scalability, supporting pay-as-you-go service models, and capability of overcoming the constraints in both software parallelism and hardware capacities. In this work, we demosntrate that container-based virtualization outperforms the hypervisor-based Cloud Computing platforms. Taking WAMI (Wide-Area Motion Imagery), FMV (Full Motion Video), and text data as case studies, our experimental studies validate the advantages of container-based Cloud for area surveillance applications. C1 [Wu, Ryan; Deng, Anna; Chen, Yu; Liu, Bingwei] SUNY Binghamton, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. [Blasch, Erik] US Air Force, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13440 USA. RP Chen, Y (reprint author), SUNY Binghamton, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0547-3578 BN 978-1-4673-7565-8 J9 PROC NAECON IEEE NAT PY 2015 BP 89 EP 94 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BF2GN UT WOS:000380465700015 ER PT S AU Shen, D Jia, B Chen, GS Pham, K Blasch, E AF Shen, Dan Jia, Bin Chen, Genshe Khanh Pham Blasch, Erik GP IEEE TI Space Based Sensor Management Strategies Based on Informational Uncertainty Pursuit-Evasion Games SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2015 IEEE NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (NAECON) SE IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT P 2015 IEEE Natl Aerospace and Elect C (NAECON) CY JUN 16-19, 2015 CL Dayton, OH DE Pursuit-evasion (PE) games; space situational awareness; tracking uncertainties; SGP4/SDP4; satellite maneuvering strategies ID FUSION AB In this paper, a pursuit-evasion (PE) orbital game approach for space situational awareness (SSA) is presented to deal with imperfect measurements and information with uncertainties. The objective function includes the distance to be minimized by pursuers (observers/sensors) and maximized by evaders (space objects being tracked). The proposed PE approach provides a method to solve the realistic SSA problem with imperfect state information, where the evader will exploit the sensing and tracking model to confuse their opponents by corrupting their tracking estimates, while the pursuer wants to decrease the tracking uncertainties. A numerical simulation scenario with one space based space surveillance (SBSS) satellite as a pursuer and one geosynchronous (GEO) satellite as an evader is simulated to demonstrate the PE orbital game approach. Both SBSS and GEO apply the continuous low-thrust such as the Ion thrust in maneuvers. An add-on module is developed for the NORAD SGP4/SDP4 to propagate the satellites with maneuvers. Worst case maneuvering strategies for SBSS satellites are obtained from the Nash equilibrium of the PE game. C1 [Shen, Dan; Jia, Bin; Chen, Genshe] Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, Germantown, MD 20876 USA. [Khanh Pham] US Air Force, Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Blasch, Erik] US Air Force, Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Shen, D (reprint author), Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, Germantown, MD 20876 USA. EM dshen@intfusiontech.com; bjia@intfusiontech.com; gchen@intfusiontech.com; khanh.pham.1@us.af.mil; erik.blasch.1@us.af.mil NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0547-3578 BN 978-1-4673-7565-8 J9 PROC NAECON IEEE NAT PY 2015 BP 95 EP 101 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BF2GN UT WOS:000380465700016 ER PT S AU Li, YC Abolmaali, F Limberopoulos, NI Urbas, AM Astratov, VN AF Li, Yangcheng Abolmaali, Farzaneh Limberopoulos, Nicholaos I. Urbas, Augustine M. Astratov, Vasily N. GP IEEE TI Coupling properties and sensing applications of photonic molecules SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2015 IEEE NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (NAECON) SE IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT P 2015 IEEE Natl Aerospace and Elect C (NAECON) CY JUN 16-19, 2015 CL Dayton, OH DE photonic molecule; sensor; microsphere; WGM; FDTD; coupled-cavity; coupled mode; mode splitting ID WHISPERING-GALLERY MODES; MICROSPHERICAL PHOTONICS; SPECTROSCOPY; FORCES; LIGHT AB Photonic molecules formed by microresonators with coupled whispering gallery modes were studied by finite-difference time-domain modeling. Mode splitting was observed due to coherent coupling. Spatial mode distribution was shown to be different for each coupled mode. The advantages of photonic molecules over single resonators for sensing applications were demonstrated. C1 [Li, Yangcheng; Abolmaali, Farzaneh; Astratov, Vasily N.] Univ North Carolina Charlotte, Dept Phys & Opt Sci, Ctr Optoelect & Opt Commun, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. [Limberopoulos, Nicholaos I.; Astratov, Vasily N.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Urbas, Augustine M.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Li, YC (reprint author), Univ North Carolina Charlotte, Dept Phys & Opt Sci, Ctr Optoelect & Opt Commun, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. EM yli63@uncc.edu; astratov@uncc.edu NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0547-3578 BN 978-1-4673-7565-8 J9 PROC NAECON IEEE NAT PY 2015 BP 102 EP 105 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BF2GN UT WOS:000380465700017 ER PT S AU Abolmaali, F Limberopoulos, NI Urbas, AM Astratov, VN AF Abolmaali, Farzaneh Limberopoulos, Nicholaos I. Urbas, Augustine M. Astratov, Vasily N. GP IEEE TI Observation of the influence of the gain on parity-time-symmetric properties of photonic molecules with coupled whispering gallery modes SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2015 IEEE NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (NAECON) SE IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT P 2015 IEEE Natl Aerospace and Elect C (NAECON) CY JUN 16-19, 2015 CL Dayton, OH DE parity-time symmetry; whispering gallery modes; micro-resonator; nonreciprocity; unidirectionality ID OPTICAL ISOLATION; WAVE-GUIDES; MICROCAVITIES; ISOLATOR; LIGHT AB Parity-time (PT) symmetry breaking in coupled whispering gallery mode type resonators is studied by finite-difference time-domain modeling. Normal mode splitting is studied as a function of the coupling strength. It is demonstrated that in bi-atomic molecules with distributed gain and loss, reduction of the coupling beyond a certain value leads to PT symmetry breaking. C1 [Abolmaali, Farzaneh; Astratov, Vasily N.] Univ North Carolina Charlotte, Dept Phys & Opt Sci, Ctr Optoelect & Opt Commun, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. [Limberopoulos, Nicholaos I.; Astratov, Vasily N.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Urbas, Augustine M.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Abolmaali, F (reprint author), Univ North Carolina Charlotte, Dept Phys & Opt Sci, Ctr Optoelect & Opt Commun, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. EM fabolmaa@uncc.edu; astratov@uncc.edu NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0547-3578 BN 978-1-4673-7565-8 J9 PROC NAECON IEEE NAT PY 2015 BP 106 EP 109 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BF2GN UT WOS:000380465700018 ER PT S AU Vella, JH Goldsmith, J Limberopoulos, NI Vasilyev, V AF Vella, Jarrett H. Goldsmith, John Limberopoulos, Nicholaos I. Vasilyev, Vladimir GP IEEE TI Near-and Mid-Infrared Fluorescence Enhancement in Terbium-Yttrium Polytantalate SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2015 IEEE NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (NAECON) SE IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT P 2015 IEEE Natl Aerospace and Elect C (NAECON) CY JUN 16-19, 2015 CL Dayton, OH DE fluorescence; plasmon; gold nanoparticles AB Devices incorporating localized surface plasmon polariton-enhanced fluorescence have the potential to be more sensitive, effective and smaller than their traditional counterparts. A unique study examining the fluorescence enhancement of Tb3+ doped yttrium polytantalate, Tb0.15Y0.85Ta7O19, in the 1000-5000 nm region will be described. After sputtering onto films of plasmonic gold nanoparticles, thickness dependent, infrared fluorescence enhancement factors were found to be 0.64-6-fold relative to the same thickness film without gold particles. The large Tb0.15Y0.85Ta7O19 film thickness dependence on the fluorescence enhancement factor will be described within the context of electromagnetic theory. C1 [Vella, Jarrett H.; Goldsmith, John; Limberopoulos, Nicholaos I.; Vasilyev, Vladimir] US Air Force, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Goldsmith, John] Wyle, Dayton, OH USA. RP Vella, JH (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0547-3578 BN 978-1-4673-7565-8 J9 PROC NAECON IEEE NAT PY 2015 BP 110 EP 111 PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BF2GN UT WOS:000380465700019 ER PT S AU Vella, JH Goldsmith, JH Vasilyev, V Browning, AT Limberopoulos, NI Vitebskiy, IM Makri, E Kottos, T AF Vella, Jarrett H. Goldsmith, John H. Vasilyev, Vladimir Browning, Andrew T. Limberopoulos, Nicholaos I. Vitebskiy, Ilya M. Makri, Eleana Kottos, Tsampikos GP IEEE TI Reflective Optical Limiter Based on Gallium Arsenide SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2015 IEEE NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (NAECON) SE IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT P 2015 IEEE Natl Aerospace and Elect C (NAECON) CY JUN 16-19, 2015 CL Dayton, OH DE optical limiter; two photon; Bragg; reflection; absorption ID SEMICONDUCTORS; GAAS; INP AB We show that a photonic structure composed of silicon dioxide, silicon nitride, and gallium arsenide layers can act as a reflective optical limiter at near-infrared wavelengths. The limiter transmits low intensity light while totally reflecting high intensity laser radiation, thereby protecting the limiter and the sensor from overheating and destruction. C1 [Vella, Jarrett H.; Goldsmith, John H.; Vasilyev, Vladimir; Browning, Andrew T.; Limberopoulos, Nicholaos I.; Vitebskiy, Ilya M.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Goldsmith, John H.] Wyle, Dayton, OH USA. [Makri, Eleana; Kottos, Tsampikos] Wesleyan Univ, Middletown, CT USA. [Browning, Andrew T.] SelectTech Serv Corp, Centerville, OH 45433 USA. RP Vella, JH (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0547-3578 BN 978-1-4673-7565-8 J9 PROC NAECON IEEE NAT PY 2015 BP 112 EP 114 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BF2GN UT WOS:000380465700020 ER PT S AU Lohrman, JJ Coutu, RA AF Lohrman, Jimmy J. Coutu, Ronald A., Jr. GP IEEE TI Designing, Fabricating and Testing Multi-Junction Silicon Solar Cells SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2015 IEEE NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (NAECON) SE IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT P 2015 IEEE Natl Aerospace and Elect C (NAECON) CY JUN 16-19, 2015 CL Dayton, OH DE solar cells; air gap; multi-junction; efficiency; hybrid; temperature; light-trapping; diffraction; interference AB Photovoltaic research and technology have grown exponentially in recent years due to the continuing and increasing global demand for energy. However, to be economical for global production and utilization, the efficiency of solar cells must increase without escalating manufacturing costs. Because of the abundance of silicon and vast knowledge obtained from silicon study, exhaustive exploitation of silicon-based solar cell design is vital to meet both criteria. Positive thermal control and improved photon recycling are two methods to increase solar cell efficiency. A recently developed hybrid multi-junction silicon (HMJ-Si) solar cell architecture was designed to positively manage these two factors, as well as the common resulting photonic interference pattern generated from the electrical contact gratings. Because of the integrated air gap between two stacked silicon substrates, this sandwiched-cavity imparted a 1.7 degrees C differential temperature. The top and bottom substrates were electrically connected in parallel via a copper o-ring with a thickness of 385 mu m which was the optimal, calculated air gap distance for photon propagation wavelengths of 800nm - 1100nm. The HMJ-Si solar cell was tested using a solar simulator with an air mass 1.5 full spectrum sunlight output and a class II pyranometer with a spectral response of 310nm - 2800nm. The HMJ-Si solar cell demonstrated photovoltaic efficiency of 8-10%. C1 [Lohrman, Jimmy J.; Coutu, Ronald A., Jr.] US Air Force, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lohrman, JJ (reprint author), US Air Force, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM jimmy.lohrman@afit.edu; ronald.coutu@afit.edu NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0547-3578 BN 978-1-4673-7565-8 J9 PROC NAECON IEEE NAT PY 2015 BP 115 EP 118 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BF2GN UT WOS:000380465700021 ER PT S AU Ewing, RL Cetnar, JS Jogai, B Devlin, CL Ferendeci, AM AF Ewing, R. L. Cetnar, J. S. Jogai, B. Devlin, C. L. Ferendeci, A. M. GP IEEE TI Frequency Adaptable Maser Source SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2015 IEEE NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (NAECON) SE IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT P 2015 IEEE Natl Aerospace and Elect C (NAECON) CY JUN 16-19, 2015 CL Dayton, OH ID SOLID-IMMERSION MIRROR AB In devices such as magnetrons, gyrotrons, etc., a magnetic field is used to alter the velocity. However, there are other mechanisms for RF emission. An electron beam grazing a surface waveguide, traveling through a diffraction grating, or a dispersive medium can also emit radiation via the Cherenkov and Smith-Purcell mechanisms. An added flexibility is that the emission frequency can be controlled by the geometry grating or the material properties of the dispersive medium. A novel adaptable RF Maser source using the Smith-Purcell effect that is tunable up to 10 GHz has been designed. A detailed simulation of the performance was done using the open source software package, MEEP from MIT/LL, incorporating an axially slotted rectangular waveguide. C1 [Ewing, R. L.; Cetnar, J. S.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Jogai, B.] RNET Technol Inc, Dayton, OH USA. [Devlin, C. L.] Adatom Sci, Dayton, OH USA. [Ferendeci, A. M.] ElectroMagneticSystems, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Ewing, RL (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0547-3578 BN 978-1-4673-7565-8 J9 PROC NAECON IEEE NAT PY 2015 BP 123 EP 127 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BF2GN UT WOS:000380465700023 ER PT S AU Megherbi, DB Paradiso, G Vakil, I Limberopoulos, N Urbas, A AF Megherbi, D. B. Paradiso, G. Vakil, I. Limberopoulos, N. Urbas, A. GP IEEE TI Overall Sensitivity-improvement Performance Metric for Analysis, Comparison and Characterization of MWIR Strained-Layer Super-lattice (SLS) Photo-detectors Enhanced with Microsphere Lenses of Different Material Structures and Sizes SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2015 IEEE NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (NAECON) SE IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT P 2015 IEEE Natl Aerospace and Elect C (NAECON) CY JUN 16-19, 2015 CL Dayton, OH DE Mid-infrared photo-detector performance metric; comparison; characterization; microsphere lens enhancement performance; SLS MWIR photodetectors. AB In this paper we propose a technique and an objective performance metric, that we denote "area-metric", for the analysis and overall comparison and characterization of FTIR spectral response sensitivity-improvement performances of strained-layer superlattice (SLS) 3 mu m-5 mu m MWIR single photo detectors, enhanced with microsphere lenses of different dielectric material structures and sizes. In this work we use, analyzer, and compare eleven (11) detector FTIR spectral data collected with two different SLS detector sizes of 35 mu m and 40 mu m, and four different microsphere material structure types, namely, BTG (Barium Titanate Glass), SLG (Soda-Lime Glass), PS (Polysterene), and Sapphire, with sizes ranging from 90 mu m to 300 mu m. Based on the collected data considered in this work, it is shown that the size of the MWIR SLS detector has less effect on the microsphere-lens-enhanced detector overall spectral sensitivity improvement, than the microsphere lens structure type and size have. It is also shown, based on this overall performance area-metric that, in the 3 mu m-5 mu m spectral band, the sapphire material structure of size 300 mu m integrated on an SLS photo-detector of size 40 mu m outperforms the other considered ten (10) SLS MWIR photo-detectors enhanced with microspheres of different material structure types/sizes. The robustness to noise of the proposed overall performance metric is also shown here. C1 [Megherbi, D. B.; Paradiso, G.; Vakil, I.] Univ Massachusetts, CMINDS Res Ctr, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Lowell, MA 01852 USA. [Vakil, I.; Limberopoulos, N.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Urbas, A.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Megherbi, DB (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, CMINDS Res Ctr, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Lowell, MA 01852 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0547-3578 BN 978-1-4673-7565-8 J9 PROC NAECON IEEE NAT PY 2015 BP 128 EP 131 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BF2GN UT WOS:000380465700024 ER PT S AU Megherbi, DB Paradiso, G Vakil, I Limberopoulos, N Urbas, A AF Megherbi, D. B. Paradiso, G. Vakil, I. Limberopoulos, N. Urbas, A. GP IEEE TI A Wavelet De-noising Signal Processing Method for Overall Noise-to-Signal (NSR) Profile Extraction, Characterization and Comparison of 3 mu m-5 mu m MWIR Strained-Layer Super-lattice (SLS) Photo-detectors Enhanced with Microsphere Lenses of Different Material Structures and Sizes SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2015 IEEE NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (NAECON) SE IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT P 2015 IEEE Natl Aerospace and Elect C (NAECON) CY JUN 16-19, 2015 CL Dayton, OH DE Mid-infrared photo-detector performance metric; comparison; characterization; microsphere lens enhancement performamnce AB MWIR detectors have received a lot of attention due to their importance and high viability in many civilian and military applications, such as target identification, bio-imaging, medical field, and defense. One crucial component in achieving high-sensitivity performance in MWIR photo-detectors, is obtaining reasonable MWIR high detector signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) profiles. The classical IR photo-detector SNR model is limited as it does not reflect modeling of all physical factors, including detector environment sources causing undesired noise. In general, there is a need for better empirical methods to accurately estimate and extract the detector integrated-sources of imperfection noise. In this paper we present and discuss a non-parametric wavelet-based de-noising signal processing method for accurate extraction, characterization and comparison of the overall combined effects of detector sources of noise, including spectral fabrication imperfection noise, electronics testing equipment imperfection noise, and microsphere lens material fabrication/alignment imperfection noise, among others, of eleven (11) 3 mu m-5 mu m MWIR InAS/GaSb strained-layer Superlattice (SLS) single photodetectors enhanced with microsphere-lenses of different material structures/sizes. With the collected spectral FTIR data considered and the detector wavelet-denoising-based extracted NSR, the results show that there is a decrease (improvement) of about 71 % (difference between lens-enhanced and no-lens-enhanced NSR values divided by no-lens-enhanced NSR) in the noise-to-signal ratio (NSR) of the SLS photodetector of size 40 mu m and enhanced with a microsphere-lens sapphire of size 300 mu m in the targeted 3 mu m-5 mu m MWIR wavelength-band considered. C1 [Megherbi, D. B.; Paradiso, G.; Vakil, I.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, CMINDS Res Ctr, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. [Vakil, I.; Limberopoulos, N.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Urbas, A.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Mat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Megherbi, DB (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, CMINDS Res Ctr, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0547-3578 BN 978-1-4673-7565-8 J9 PROC NAECON IEEE NAT PY 2015 BP 132 EP 135 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BF2GN UT WOS:000380465700025 ER PT S AU Vakil, MI Malas, JA Megherbi, DB AF Vakil, Mohammad I. Malas, John A. Megherbi, Dalila B. GP IEEE TI An Information Theoretic Metric for Identifying Optimum Solution for Normalized Cross Correlation based Similarity Measures SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2015 IEEE NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (NAECON) SE IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT P 2015 IEEE Natl Aerospace and Elect C (NAECON) CY JUN 16-19, 2015 CL Dayton, OH DE image registration; normalized cross-correlation; mutual information; variation of information AB Similarity measures such as normalized cross correlation (NCC) are widely employed for applications such as pattern recognition and/or template matching which are commonly used in image registration. This approach, however, is not immune to noise variations present in the images especially in case where multiple bands of interest are dominated by both system and external noise present in the sensor's field of view. Thus noise can influence the calculation of correlation coefficients and produce erroneous results during template matching. This work proposes a metric which identifies the best NCC coefficient value or values in case of a spectral data cube, for optimized application of similarity measures for template matching. C1 [Vakil, Mohammad I.; Malas, John A.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Vakil, Mohammad I.; Megherbi, Dalila B.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, CMINDS Res Ctr, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. RP Vakil, MI (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0547-3578 BN 978-1-4673-7565-8 J9 PROC NAECON IEEE NAT PY 2015 BP 136 EP 140 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BF2GN UT WOS:000380465700026 ER PT S AU Vakil, MI Malas, JA Megherbi, DB AF Vakil, Mohammad I. Malas, John A. Megherbi, Dalila B. GP IEEE TI Information Theoretic Approach for Template Matching in Registration of Partially Overlapped Aerial Imagery SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2015 IEEE NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (NAECON) SE IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT P 2015 IEEE Natl Aerospace and Elect C (NAECON) CY JUN 16-19, 2015 CL Dayton, OH DE image registration; normalized cross-correlation; mutual information; aerial imagery AB Image registration is used in computer vision, medical imaging and remote sensing providing the ability to perform 3-D Reconstruction, Autonomous Navigation and Target Detection and Recognition Systems. Two of the more commonly used intensity based similarity measures in template matching for image registration are normalized cross correlation and mutual information. This works presents a novel information theoretic technique as a similarity measure for registration of partially overlapped aerial imagery. Furthermore, system level noise such as sensor noise, quantization noise, and impulse noise is modelled and injected into both the reference and unregistered images to evaluate the algorithmic performance in determining image orientation as a function of signal to noise ratio (SNR). C1 [Vakil, Mohammad I.; Malas, John A.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Vakil, Mohammad I.; Megherbi, Dalila B.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, CMINDS Res Ctr, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. RP Vakil, MI (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0547-3578 BN 978-1-4673-7565-8 J9 PROC NAECON IEEE NAT PY 2015 BP 146 EP 150 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BF2GN UT WOS:000380465700028 ER PT S AU Wylie, JP Stone, SJ AF Wylie, Justin P. Stone, Samuel J. GP IEEE TI Detecting Anomalous Behavior in Microcontrollers Using Unintentional Radio Frequency Emissions SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2015 IEEE NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (NAECON) SE IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT P 2015 IEEE Natl Aerospace and Elect C (NAECON) CY JUN 16-19, 2015 CL Dayton, OH DE Correlation; microcontroller; unintentional emissions; anomaly detection AB This paper proposes a process of utilizing Correlation-Based Anomaly Detection (CBAD) on Unintentional RF (Radio Frequency) Emissions (URE) as a method of detecting anomalous behavior in microcontrollers. The number of counterfeit devices and malicious code being found in military systems is increasing. Therefore, an effective method of detecting anomalous behavior is required to determine whether the device is functioning properly. This may be accomplished by comparing the current operations of a device against a pre-established baseline. C1 [Wylie, Justin P.; Stone, Samuel J.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wylie, JP (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM justin.wylie@afit.edu; samuel.stone@afit.edu NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0547-3578 BN 978-1-4673-7565-8 J9 PROC NAECON IEEE NAT PY 2015 BP 151 EP 154 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BF2GN UT WOS:000380465700029 ER PT S AU Stone, BD Stone, SJ AF Stone, Barron D. Stone, Samuel J. GP IEEE TI Radio Frequency Based Reverse Engineering of Microcontroller Program Execution SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2015 IEEE NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (NAECON) SE IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference (NAECON) CY JUN 16-19, 2015 CL Dayton, OH SP IEEE AB This paper investigates a methodology for reverse engineering the sequence of operations executed by a micro-controller unit (MCU). Unintentional radio-frequency (RF) emissions are collected from a device and compared with a library of reference signals using a matched filter to identify operations. The reconstructed program sequence can be used to detect rogue device operation. C1 [Stone, Barron D.; Stone, Samuel J.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Stone, BD (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM barron.stone@afit.edu; samuel.stone@afit.edu NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0547-3578 BN 978-1-4673-7565-8 J9 PROC NAECON IEEE NAT PY 2015 BP 159 EP 164 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BF2GN UT WOS:000380465700031 ER PT S AU Hsia, LA Vernizzi, G Lanzerotti, MY Langley, D Seery, MK Orlando, L AF Hsia, L. A. Vernizzi, G. Lanzerotti, M. Y. Langley, D. Seery, M. K. Orlando, L. GP IEEE TI Topological constraints of gate-level circuits obtained through standard cell recognition (SCR) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2015 IEEE NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (NAECON) SE IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT P 2015 IEEE Natl Aerospace and Elect C (NAECON) CY JUN 16-19, 2015 CL Dayton, OH DE Topology; Integrated Circuit; Abstraction; Cadence Virtuoso; Microelectronics; Python; Standard Cell Recognition; TRUST; Verification; Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI); Braid Word; Euler number AB This paper presents topological constraints of gate-level circuits obtained through standard cell recognition applied to gate-level commercial microelectronics verification. A suite of topological constraints, including the gate vertex count, net vertex count, terminal count, blocks, circuit genus, Euler characteristic, and number of faces are extracted from gate-level circuits obtained through standard cell recognition. Topological constraints are computed for two full adder cells at fourth level of abstraction and for two full adder cells at the third level of abstraction. Two mathematical frameworks are also introduced to describe physically distinct situations in hardware that are represented in a schematic as functionally equivalent. The first method uses the concept of a braid word, and the second method uses the concept of a crossing vertex. Schematic braid words corresponding to each of two full adder cell schematics at fourth level of abstraction and for two full adder cell schematics at the third level of abstraction are derived. Chip braid words corresponding to the set of unique physical designs that could potentially be realized in chip hardware from a schematic are obtained and discussed. Potential capabilities of these approaches for gate-level circuits are discussed. C1 [Lanzerotti, M. Y.] Augsburg Coll, Phys, Minneapolis, MN 55454 USA. [Lanzerotti, M. Y.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Hsia, L. A.] 513th Elect Warfare Squadron, Eglin AFB, FL USA. [Langley, D.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Vernizzi, G.] Siena Coll, Phys, Loudonville, NY USA. [Seery, M. K.] 315th Network Warfare Squadron, Hickam AFB, HI 96853 USA. [Orlando, L.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hsia, LA (reprint author), 513th Elect Warfare Squadron, Eglin AFB, FL USA. EM lelelia.hsia.2@us.af.mil; gvernizzi@siena.edu; lanzerot@augsburg.edu; rick.langley@afit.edu; michael.seery.4@us.af.mil; pompeii.orlando@us.af.mil NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0547-3578 BN 978-1-4673-7565-8 J9 PROC NAECON IEEE NAT PY 2015 BP 165 EP 175 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BF2GN UT WOS:000380465700032 ER PT S AU Lanzerotti, MY Cerny, CL Hiteshue, E Irvin, K Martin, RK AF Lanzerotti, M. Y. Cerny, C. L. Hiteshue, E. Irvin, K. Martin, R. K. GP IEEE TI Phase Measurement Approaches for a Multi-Tier Weak Radio Signal Detection Process with N Simultaneous Signals having Continuous Phase SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2015 IEEE NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (NAECON) SE IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT P 2015 IEEE Natl Aerospace and Elect C (NAECON) CY JUN 16-19, 2015 CL Dayton, OH DE Instantaneous frequency; simultaneous signals; continuous phase; ultra-weak signals; phase calculation; multiple signal detection; electronic warfare; differentially encoded quadrature phase shift key; differentially encoded binary phase shift key; symmetric differential quadrature phase shift key AB This paper presents a generalization of Tsui's phase measurement approach to detection of N - 1 weak signals to situations in which the weak signals have a phase that is continuous at any point in time. Examples are provided for the situation in which N = 2 and for four cases in which phi(2) takes on each of the values {0, pi/2, pi, -pi/2}. This approach provides the capability for accurate identification of zero crossings and extraction of signal parameters. The capability for N <= 4 simultaneous signals is desired for electronic warfare (EW) receivers. C1 [Lanzerotti, M. Y.] Augsburg Coll, 2211 Riverside Ave, Minneapolis, MN 55454 USA. [Lanzerotti, M. Y.; Martin, R. K.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Cerny, C. L.] Avion Circle, AFRL Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Hiteshue, E.] Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Irvin, K.] Washington Univ, St Louis, MO USA. RP Lanzerotti, MY (reprint author), Augsburg Coll, 2211 Riverside Ave, Minneapolis, MN 55454 USA. EM lanze-rot@augsburg.edu; charles.cerny@us.af.mil; elizabeth.hiteshue@seas.upenn.edu; kelsey.irvin@wustl.edu; richard.martin@afit.edu NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0547-3578 BN 978-1-4673-7565-8 J9 PROC NAECON IEEE NAT PY 2015 BP 176 EP 182 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BF2GN UT WOS:000380465700033 ER PT S AU Cao, SY Zheng, YF Ewing, RL AF Cao, Siyang Zheng, Yuan F. Ewing, Robert L. GP IEEE TI From Phased Array to Holographic Radar SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2015 IEEE NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (NAECON) SE IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT P 2015 IEEE Natl Aerospace and Elect C (NAECON) CY JUN 16-19, 2015 CL Dayton, OH AB A new radar system named holographic radar is proposed in this paper. The new radar records the transmission pattern of the electromagnetic wave instead of the directed amplitude and phase information from individual target, which is utilized by the traditional electronic scanning radar. The recorded pattern can then be studied for target detection or for radar imaging. The advantages of the new radar system are multi-folds: a. the receiver elements do not need to be synchronized in sampling, b. radar system can resolve the ranges of interested targets using a single frequency waveform instead of a wide bandwidth signal, and c. the single frequency waveform reduces the complexity of the microwave circuits which build up the radar system. C1 [Cao, Siyang] Univ Arizona, Elect & Comp Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Zheng, Yuan F.] Ohio State Univ, Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Ewing, Robert L.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Cao, SY (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Elect & Comp Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0547-3578 BN 978-1-4673-7565-8 J9 PROC NAECON IEEE NAT PY 2015 BP 207 EP 212 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BF2GN UT WOS:000380465700039 ER PT S AU Ding, SH Cao, SY Li, Y Zheng, Y Ewing, RL AF Ding, Sihao Cao, Siyang Li, Ying Zheng, Yuan Ewing, Robert L. GP IEEE TI Two Viewing Angles for Holographics in Radar and Light SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2015 IEEE NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (NAECON) SE IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT P 2015 IEEE Natl Aerospace and Elect C (NAECON) CY JUN 16-19, 2015 CL Dayton, OH DE hologram; radar and light; magnitude prediction; Taylor expansion approximation AB In this work, a new topic, which is to synthesize (recover) the holograms between two or more recorded holograms with a large angle discrepancy, is presented. The technique aims at enlarging view angle, speeding up the recording process by reducing sensing points, and increasing resolution in holographic radar and light. Our method to tackle the problem is proposed. We analyze the problem in both single target and multiple targets cases. Given recorded magnitudes at receiving elements, nearby magnitudes of virtual receiving elements can be approximated. The accuracy of the approximation is also evaluated. C1 [Ding, Sihao; Li, Ying; Zheng, Yuan] Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Cao, Siyang] Univ Arizona, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Ewing, Robert L.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ding, SH (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM zheng.5@osu.edu; robert.ewing@wpafb.af.mil NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0547-3578 BN 978-1-4673-7565-8 J9 PROC NAECON IEEE NAT PY 2015 BP 213 EP 217 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BF2GN UT WOS:000380465700040 ER PT S AU Moser, E Moran, MK Hillen, E Li, D Wu, ZQ AF Moser, Elliott Moran, Michael K. Hillen, Erric Li, Dong Wu, Zhiqiang GP IEEE TI Automatic Modulation Classification via Instantaneous Features SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2015 IEEE NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (NAECON) SE IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT P 2015 IEEE Natl Aerospace and Elect C (NAECON) CY JUN 16-19, 2015 CL Dayton, OH DE Automatic Modulation Classification; AMC; Digital Modulation; Instantaneous Information ID COMMUNICATION SIGNALS; RECOGNITION AB Automatic modulation classification has attracted a lot of interests in the research community in recent years due to the advances in cognitive RF signal processing such as cognitive radio, cognitive radar and cognitive electronic warfare. There are two major approaches in automatic modulation classification, namely the feature based approach and the decision theoretic approach. In our previous work, we have demonstrated the feasibility of using cyclostationary statistical features such as spectrum correlation function to perform modulation detection and classification for both RF signals and underwater acoustic signals. In this paper, we try to develop automatic modulation classification algorithms employing instantaneous features such as instantaneous amplitude, phase and frequency parameters. By extending previously developed features and evaluating appropriate decision metrics, we have been able to expand our modulation classification capability to 9 popular modulations including 2ASK, 4ASK, 8ASK, 2FSK, 4FSK, 8FSK and 2PSK, 4PSK, 8PSK. Thorough simulation results confirm the effectiveness of our proposed algorithm and threshold choices. The success of this approach also suggests a future research direction to combine statistical features with instantaneous features to provide a more accurate and more robust modulation identification algorithm. C1 [Moser, Elliott] MacAulay Brown Inc, Dayton, OH 45430 USA. [Moran, Michael K.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Hillen, Erric; Li, Dong; Wu, Zhiqiang] Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Moser, E (reprint author), MacAulay Brown Inc, Dayton, OH 45430 USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0547-3578 BN 978-1-4673-7565-8 J9 PROC NAECON IEEE NAT PY 2015 BP 218 EP 223 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BF2GN UT WOS:000380465700041 ER PT S AU Jang, WY Jang, WY Vakil, MI Vella, JH Noyola, M AF Jang, Woo-Yong Jang, Woo-Yong Vakil, M. Imran Vella, Jarrett H. Noyola, Michael GP IEEE TI Implementation of IR Spectral Target Sensing Algorithm in Synthesizable Logic SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2015 IEEE NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (NAECON) SE IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT P 2015 IEEE Natl Aerospace and Elect C (NAECON) CY JUN 16-19, 2015 CL Dayton, OH DE algorithmic spectral sensing; infrared; FPGA ID QUANTUM DOTS; DETECTORS AB we report the implementation of an adaptive spectral sensing algorithm in hardware description language for IR target classification. The synthesized logic performs computation in digital domain between IR test input and a set of prescribed algorithmic weights to extract desired spectral information from targets as well as identifying its class. C1 [Jang, Woo-Yong] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Sensor Syst Div, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Jang, Woo-Yong; Vakil, M. Imran; Vella, Jarrett H.; Noyola, Michael] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Jang, WY (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Sensor Syst Div, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM Woo-Yong.Jang@udri.udayton.edu NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0547-3578 BN 978-1-4673-7565-8 J9 PROC NAECON IEEE NAT PY 2015 BP 295 EP 299 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BF2GN UT WOS:000380465700057 ER PT S AU Hildenbrandt, A Abayowa, B AF Hildenbrandt, Alexandra Abayowa, Bernard GP IEEE TI Active Visual Search (AViS) Dataset Track: Sensory Exploitation SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2015 IEEE NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (NAECON) SE IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT P 2015 IEEE Natl Aerospace and Elect C (NAECON) CY JUN 16-19, 2015 CL Dayton, OH DE active vision; object recognition; database; API AB Image retrieval is a vital function for an active vision system recognizing vehicles in dynamic scenes. A pan-tilt-zoom camera provides a range of retrieval options, but is somewhat limited for algorithm development purposes in that if the conditions are not within a certain operative range ( due to very bad weather, poor lighting conditions, etc.), retrieved images are not likely to be very useful. Therefore it becomes imperative to have an alternative source during development. This paper presents a dataset with an associated application programming interface ( API) which seeks to be that alternative. In addition to simulating the actions and capabilities of pan-tilt-zoom cameras, this dataset and API provide access to template vehicle images as well as information on verified locations of targets which can be used for training and testing purposes. C1 [Hildenbrandt, Alexandra; Abayowa, Bernard] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Hildenbrandt, Alexandra] Wright State Univ, Coll Engn & Comp Sci, Fairborn, OH USA. RP Hildenbrandt, A (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM alexandra.hildenbrandt.1@us.af.mil NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0547-3578 BN 978-1-4673-7565-8 J9 PROC NAECON IEEE NAT PY 2015 BP 384 EP 386 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BF2GN UT WOS:000380465700072 ER PT S AU Ilin, R Clouse, S AF Ilin, Roman Clouse, Scott GP IEEE TI Extraction and Classification of Moving Targets in multi-sensory MAMI-1 Data Collection SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2015 IEEE NATIONAL AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (NAECON) SE IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT P 2015 IEEE Natl Aerospace and Elect C (NAECON) CY JUN 16-19, 2015 CL Dayton, OH DE Target Classification; Wide Area Motion Imagery; Mover Extraction; Sparse and Low-rank decomposition; SIFT; bag of words; superpixels AB In this work we consider the problem of extraction and classification of moving targets in wide area imagery. We use the Air Force Research Laboratory's ( AFRL) airborne multisensor dataset, MAMI-1, for testing, wherein moving targets mostly consist of people and vehicles. The movers are extracted using a novel sparse and low-rank matrix decomposition technique. We further compare the classification performance based on SIFT, Dense SIFT, and a superpixel based feature extraction. The results show the superpixel approach as the most advantageous. C1 [Ilin, Roman; Clouse, Scott] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ilin, R (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM rilin325@gmail.com; hsclouse@ieee.org NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0547-3578 BN 978-1-4673-7565-8 J9 PROC NAECON IEEE NAT PY 2015 BP 387 EP 391 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BF2GN UT WOS:000380465700073 ER PT S AU Thompson, R Stine, JE AF Thompson, Ross Stine, James E. GP IEEE TI An IEEE 754 Double-Precision Floating-Point Multiplier for Denormalized and Normalized Floating-Point Numbers SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASAP2015 2015 IEEE 26TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON APPLICATION-SPECIFIC SYSTEMS, ARCHITECTURES AND PROCESSORS SE IEEE International Conference on Application-Specific Systems Architectures and Processors LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Conference on Application-Specific Systems, Architectures and Processors (ASAP) CY JUL 27-29, 2015 CL Toronto, CANADA SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc AB This paper discusses an optimized double-precision floating-point multiplier that can handle both denormalized and normalized IEEE 754 floating-point numbers. Discussions of the optimizations are given and compared versus similar implementations, however, the main objective is keeping compliant for denormalized IEEE 754 floating-point numbers while still maintaining high performance operations for normalized numbers. C1 [Thompson, Ross] Air Force Res Lab, 525 Brooks Rd, Rome, NY 13441 USA. [Stine, James E.] Oklahoma State Univ, VLSI Comp Architecture Res Grp, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Thompson, R (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, 525 Brooks Rd, Rome, NY 13441 USA. EM stephen.thompson.37@us.af.mil; james.stine@okstate.edu NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1063-6862 BN 978-1-4799-1925-3 J9 IEEE INT CONF ASAP PY 2015 BP 62 EP 63 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BF2FD UT WOS:000380462200010 ER PT S AU Squires, MB Kasch, B Olson, SE Stickney, J AF Squires, Matthew B. Kasch, Brian Olson, Spencer E. Stickney, James GP IEEE TI On the stability of atom chip interferometers SO 2015 2ND IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON INERTIAL SENSORS AND SYSTEMS (ISISS) SE International Symposium on Inertial Sensors and Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd IEEE International Symposium on Inertial Sensors and Systems (ISISS) CY MAR 23-26, 2015 CL HI SP IEEE Sensors Council, IEEE AB We calculate the sensitivity to changes in temperature and current for a resonant atom interferometer device based on oscillations of a cold, magnetically trapped cloud in a two wire harmonic trap. The sensitivity of the trap frequency and area enclosed are estimated for typical trap parameters. Based on this analysis, the frequency and area enclosed are both more sensitive to the stability of the current creating the magnetic field than the thermal expansion of the substrate. Current experimental progress measuring the frequency stability of current atom chip devices is outlined. C1 [Squires, Matthew B.; Kasch, Brian; Olson, Spencer E.] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Stickney, James] Space Dynam Lab, Bedford, MA 01730 USA. RP Squires, MB (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2377-3464 BN 978-1-4799-5915-0 J9 INT SYMP INERT SENSO PY 2015 BP 113 EP 116 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BF1DR UT WOS:000380378400027 ER PT B AU Binkley, BA Patterson, GT Jenkins, JC AF Binkley, Brian A. Patterson, Grant T. Jenkins, Jerome C. GP ASME TI A-10 WING LEADING EDGE EFFECTS ON ENGINE STABILITY - PART 2 IDENTIFYING TOTAL PRESSURE DISTORTION SOURCES AND THE EFFECTS ON ENGINE/AIRFRAME INTEGRATION SO ASME TURBO EXPO: TURBINE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, 2015, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition CY JUN 15-19, 2015 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Int Gas Turbine Inst AB The A-10 aircraft has fuselage mounted engines with inlets just above the rear of the wing. A deployable slat system is used on the A-10 to delay wing stall directly in front of the engines. Wing stall can lead to high inlet distortion and ultimately engine stall for this aircraft. Many alternate wing leading-edge designs were recently considered for replacement of the slat system to reduce maintenance cost, reduce system complexity and increase system reliability. Fifteen potential wing leading edge proposals for replacing the A-10 slat system were evaluated through test and analysis. Performance of the wing leading-edge candidates was characterized by the effect of inlet/engine distortion on loss of stability pressure ratio (Delta PRS) for the TF-34 engine fan and compressor. The many protuberances and non-aerodynamic shapes of the A-10 outer mold lines can generate flow structures that cause significant inlet/engine total pressure distortion. Thorough understanding of these flow structures and their impact on inlet/engine distortion was necessary to fully assess the performance of candidate wing leading edge configurations. The paper discusses the integrated test and evaluation tools and methods used to identify the sources of inlet/engine total pressure distortion and the associated impact to engine/airframe integration. C1 [Binkley, Brian A.] US Air Force, AEDC Test Div, Anal & Evaluat Branch, Arnold Afb, TN USA. [Patterson, Grant T.] Aerosp Testing Alliance, Anal Branch, Arnold Afb, TN USA. [Jenkins, Jerome C.] US Air Force, AFLCMC, Aero Performance Branch A 10, Hill Afb, UT USA. RP Binkley, BA (reprint author), US Air Force, AEDC Test Div, Anal & Evaluat Branch, Arnold Afb, TN USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5662-8 PY 2015 AR V001T01A037 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BF1AB UT WOS:000380084300037 ER PT B AU Floyd, RS Davis, M AF Floyd, Reginald S., Jr. Davis, Milton, Jr. GP ASME TI VALIDATION OF A MODIFIED PARALLEL COMPRESSOR MODEL FOR PREDICTION OF THE EFFECTS OF INLET SWIRL ON COMPRESSOR PERFORMANCE AND OPERABILITY SO ASME TURBO EXPO: TURBINE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, 2015, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition CY JUN 15-19, 2015 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Int Gas Turbine Inst AB Engine inlet distortion complications have plagued the turbine engine development community for decades, and engineers have developed countless methods to identify and combat the harmful effects of inlet distortion. One such type of distortion that has gained much attention in recent years is known as inlet swirl, which results in a significant flow angularity at the face of the engine. This flow angularity can affect the pressure rise and flow capacity of the fan or compressor, and subsequently affect compressor and engine performance. Previous modeling and simulation efforts to predict the effect inlet swirl can have on fan and compressor performance have made great strides, yet still leave a lot to be desired. In particular, a one-dimensional parallel compressor model called DYNTECC (Dynamic Turbine Engine Compressor Code) has been used to analyze tl F1he effects of inlet swirl on fan and performance operability of the Honeywel09 turbofan engine. However, when compared to experimental swirl data gathered at the United States Air Force Academy (USAFA), the model predictions were found to be inaccurate. This paper documents work done to compare the initial predictions generated by DYNTECC to the latest set of experimental swirl data, analyze the potential shortcomings of the initial model, and modify the existing model to more accurately reflect test data. Extensive work was completed to create a methodology that can calibrate the model to existing clean inlet fan map data. In addition, an in depth study of fan/compressor stalling criteria was conducted, and the model was modified to use an alternate stalling criteria that more accurately predicted the point of stall for various swirl inlet conditions. The prediction of the fan stall pressure ratio for all inlet swirl conditions tested is within 2% of the ground test stall point at the same referred fan speed and referred mass flow. C1 [Floyd, Reginald S., Jr.; Davis, Milton, Jr.] USAF, AEDC, Arnold Engn Dev Complex, Arnold AFB, TN USA. RP Floyd, RS (reprint author), USAF, AEDC, Arnold Engn Dev Complex, Arnold AFB, TN USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5662-8 PY 2015 AR V001T01A024 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BF1AB UT WOS:000380084300024 ER PT B AU Klepper, JB Denny, AG Nichols, RH Jenkins, JC AF Klepper, Jason B. Denny, A. Greg Nichols, Robert H. Jenkins, Jerome C. GP ASME TI OVERVIEW OF A-10 PROPULSION ANALYSIS USING THE HPCMP CREATE (TM)-AV KESTREL PRODUCT WITH FIREBOLT PROPULSION COMPONENT SO ASME TURBO EXPO: TURBINE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, 2015, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition CY JUN 15-19, 2015 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Int Gas Turbine Inst AB The High Performance Computing Modernization Program (HPCMP) is developing high-fidelity simulation tools through the Computational Research and Engineering Acquisition Tools and Environments (CREATE) program. CREATE AV is the component of the CREATE program focused on air vehicles. Kestrel is the simulation product for fixed-wing aircraft in the CREATE-AV program. To investigate engine/inlet system performance and operability issues, the Kestrel product includes the capability to model propulsion components in aircraft simulations through the Firebolt propulsion component. Firebolt Capability 1 accounts for propulsion system effects by integrating a 0-D engine model directly into the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) process. Firebolt Capability 2 extends the capability by enabling the user to couple full-annulus 3-D rotating turbomachinery into the aircraft CFD simulation. This paper gives an overview of the Kestrel product including the Firebolt propulsion capability. In addition, this paper will demonstrate Firebolt Capability 1 and 2 by applying a 0-D TF34-GE-100A engine model and a TF34 3-D full annulus rotating turbomachinery fan in an A-10 aircraft CFD simulation. Finally, the inlet performance for the nacelles with both the 0-D engine model and full-annulus turbomachinery fan will be compared to subscale wind tunnel inlet test data. C1 [Klepper, Jason B.; Denny, A. Greg] Aerosp Testing Alliance, Arnold Engn Dev Complex, Arnold Air Force Base, TN USA. [Nichols, Robert H.] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Arnold Engn Dev Complex, Arnold Air Force Base, TN USA. [Jenkins, Jerome C.] US Air Force, AFLCMC, Aero Performance Branch A 10, Hill Air Force Base, UT USA. RP Klepper, JB (reprint author), Aerosp Testing Alliance, Arnold Engn Dev Complex, Arnold Air Force Base, TN USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5662-8 PY 2015 AR V001T01A038 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BF1AB UT WOS:000380084300038 ER PT B AU Patterson, GT Binkley, BA Jenkins, JC AF Patterson, Grant T. Binkley, Brian A. Jenkins, Jerome C. GP ASME TI A-10 WING LEADING EDGE EFFECTS ON ENGINE STABILITY - PART 1 ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION OF WING LEADING EDGE CONFIGURATIONS SO ASME TURBO EXPO: TURBINE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, 2015, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition CY JUN 15-19, 2015 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Int Gas Turbine Inst ID BOUNDARY-LAYER SEPARATION AB The A-10 aircraft has fuselage mounted engines with inlets just above the rear of the wing. The A-10 employs a deployable slat system to delay wing stall directly in front of the engines. Wing stall can lead to high inlet distortion and ultimately engine stall for this aircraft. To enhance overall performance of the A-10, Close Air Support Aircraft, wing leading-edge designs that do not employ slats were considered. Fifteen potential wing leading-edge proposals including drooped wings, wings with fences, wings with vortex generators, an optimized slat and a specially designed wing were evaluated through test and analysis for replacing the A-10 slat system. The performance of the wing leading-edge candidates were characterized by their inlet engine distortion effect on the loss of stability pressure ratio (Delta PRS) on the TF-34 engine fan and compressor. The drooped wings or "droops" were designated by the amount of droop in a percent of chord. Droops tested were 3, 5, 7, 10, and 10-5% twisted (5% outboard, 10% inboard). The 7, 10, and 10-5% droops were tested with outboard fences. The 10% droop and designed wing were tested with vortex generators. The paper discusses the previous work and technical basis for selecting the wing leading edge candidates, the analysis tools and techniques, the test and analysis of the candidate configurations, the overall effectiveness of the best candidate. C1 [Patterson, Grant T.] Aerosp Testing Alliance, Anal Branch, Arnold Afb, TN USA. [Binkley, Brian A.] US Air Force, AEDC Test Div, Anal & Evaluat Branch, Arnold Afb, TN USA. [Jenkins, Jerome C.] US Air Force, AFLCMC, Aero Performance Branch A 10, Hill Afb, UT USA. RP Patterson, GT (reprint author), Aerosp Testing Alliance, Anal Branch, Arnold Afb, TN USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5662-8 PY 2015 AR V001T01A036 PG 14 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BF1AB UT WOS:000380084300036 ER PT B AU Yechout, TR Buscher, A Trochlil, S Rozsa, J Pryor, L Jenkins, JC AF Yechout, Thomas R. Buscher, Austin Trochlil, Steven Rozsa, Jordan Pryor, Lillian Jenkins, Jerome C. GP ASME TI AIR FORCE ACADEMY CONTRIBUTIONS TO DEVELOPMENT OF THE A-10 DROOPED LEADING EDGE MODIFICATION SO ASME TURBO EXPO: TURBINE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, 2015, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition CY JUN 15-19, 2015 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Int Gas Turbine Inst AB To enhance overall performance of the A-10 Close Air Support Aircraft and enhance reliability and maintainability, the United States Air Force Academy (USAFA) Aeronautics Department proposed a fixed drooped leading edge configuration in the summer of 2011 to replace the current slat system located on the inboard leading edge of the wing. In the spring of 2012, the A-10 Systems Program Office at Hill AFB tasked the USAFA Department of Aeronautics to conduct an effort to evaluate the existing slats extended and slats retracted configurations as well as three drooped leading edge configurations so comparisons could be made [1-5]. This effort was a follow-on investigation of five drooped leading edge configurations plus two additional ones with geometric twist, and an additional one with fences. This wind tunnel evaluation was performed using a 1/20 scale model. Of the eight configurations evaluated, the 11% drooped leading edge with fences performed the best in minimizing total pressure distortion across various angles of attack and sideslip. However, the 10% droop had better drag characteristics (determined in a parallel investigation) and was projected to have significant drag reduction benefits at the higher angles of attack which could improve sustained turning performance. Based on these combined results, the 10% droop was the USAFA recommended configuration in the Fall of 2012 for further evaluations by USAFA and Arnold Engineering and Development Complex (AEDC). C1 [Yechout, Thomas R.; Buscher, Austin; Trochlil, Steven; Rozsa, Jordan; Pryor, Lillian] US Air Force Acad, Dept Aeronaut, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Jenkins, Jerome C.] US Air Force, AFLCMC, Aero Performance Branch A 10, Hill Afb, UT USA. RP Yechout, TR (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Dept Aeronaut, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5662-8 PY 2015 AR V001T01A039 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BF1AB UT WOS:000380084300039 ER PT B AU Ooten, MK Anthony, RJ Lethander, AT Clark, JP AF Ooten, Michael K. Anthony, Richard J. Lethander, Andrew T. Clark, John P. GP ASME TI UNSTEADY AERODYNAMIC INTERACTION IN A CLOSELY-COUPLED TURBINE CONSISTENT WITH CONTRA-ROTATION SO ASME TURBO EXPO: TURBINE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, 2015, VOL 2C LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition CY JUN 15-19, 2015 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Int Gas Turbine Inst ID HEAT-TRANSFER MEASUREMENTS; ROTOR-STATOR INTERACTION; TRANSONIC TURBINE; PRESSURE; BLADE; STAGE AB The focus of the study presented here was to investigate the interaction between the blade and downstream vane of the stage-and-one-half transonic turbine via CFD analysis and experimental data. A Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) flow solver with the two-equation Wilcox 1998 k-omega turbulence model was used as the numerical analysis tool for comparison for all of the experiments conducted. The rigor and fidelity of both the experimental tests and numerical analysis methods were built through two- and three-dimensional steady-state comparisons, leading to three-dimensional time-accurate comparisons. This was accomplished by first testing the midspan and quarter-tip two-dimensional geometries of the blade in a linear transonic cascade. The effects of varying the incidence angle and pressure ratio on the pressure distribution were captured both numerically and experimentally. This was used during the stage-and-one-half post-test analysis to confirm that the target corrected speed and pressure ratio were achieved. Then, in a full annulus facility, the first vane itself was tested in order to characterize the flowfield exiting the vane that would be provided to the blade row during the rotating experiments. Finally, the full stage-and-one-half transonic turbine was tested in the full annulus cascade with a data resolution not seen in any studies to date. A rigorous convergence study was conducted in order to sufficiently model the flow physics of the transonic turbine. The surface pressure traces and the Discrete Fourier Transforms thereof were compared to the numerical analysis. Shock trajectories were tracked through the use of two-point space-time correlation coefficients. Very good agreement was seen when comparing the numerical analysis to the experimental data. The unsteady interaction between the blade and downstream vane was well captured in the numerical analysis. C1 [Ooten, Michael K.; Anthony, Richard J.; Lethander, Andrew T.; Clark, John P.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ooten, MK (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5665-9 PY 2015 AR V02CT44A007 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BF1AF UT WOS:000380085000042 ER PT B AU Briones, AM Burrus, DL Erdmann, TJ Shouse, DT AF Briones, Alejandro M. Burrus, Dave L. Erdmann, Timothy J. Shouse, Dale T. GP ASME TI EFFECT OF CENTRIFUGAL FORCE ON THE PERFORMANCE OF HIGH-G ULTRA COMPACT COMBUSTOR SO ASME TURBO EXPO: TURBINE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, 2015, VOL 4B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition CY JUN 15-19, 2015 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Int Gas Turbine Inst AB A numerical investigation of reacting flows in an advanced high-g cavity (HGC), Ultra-Compact Combustor (UCC) concept is conducted. The high-g cavity UCC (UCC-HGC) design uses high swirl in a circumferential cavity (CC) wrapped around a main stream annular flow. The high swirl is generated through angled CC driver jets. This centrifugal force is varied by changing the CC-to-core air mass flow ratio ((m)over dot(cc)/(m)over dot(core)), and jet inclination angle (alpha(jet)) relative to the cavity ring surface, while maintaining the global equivalence ratio (phi(Global)) constant. Steady, rotational periodic, 3D simulations are performed following a multiphase, Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS), and non-premixed flamelet/progress variable (FPV) approach using a customized FLUENT. Results indicate that under non-reacting flow conditions the driver jets impose a very strong bulk swirl flow within the CC and the mainstream flow does not entrain into the CC. Thus, the maximum g-load is primarily sensitive to (m)over dot(cc)/(m)over dot(core) and secondarily to alpha(jet), However, the g-loads become increasingly more sensitive to the latter at greater (m)over dot(cc)/(m)over dot(core). Now, under reacting flow conditions, the flame interacts with the flow and the bulk swirl flow is diminished at low (m)over dot(cc)/(m)over dot(core) while boosted at high (m)over dot(cc)/(m)over dot(core). The former happens because the flame deflects the incoming driver jet flow, enhancing radial and axial velocity components (through thermal expansion), while diminishing the tangential flow velocity. This, in turn, weakens the g-loads within the CC to below its design g-load operation. On the other hand, at high (m)over dot(cc)/(m)over dot(core) and small alpha(jet) the flame is, perpendicular to the bulk swirl flow, accelerating the flow tangential velocity and enhancing g-loads above its design operation. Qualitatively, the more and hotter the flame that can be sustained within the CC the shorter the flame length. The converse is also true. Flame length does not appear to be strongly influenced by (m)over dot(cc)/(m)over dot(core) and alpha(jet). Even though g loads appear to enhance reaction progress variable source (S-c) and, consequently, turbulent flame speed, through turbulence this does not necessarily mean that the turbulent flame speed under g-loads is various factors greater than its corresponding turbulent flame speed under 0g's. As the (m)over dot(cc)/(m)over dot(core) increases the center-peaked radial temperature profile at intermediate a alpha(jet) starts to deteriorate, whereas the radial temperature profile at low alpha(jet) improves. For high alpha(jet), increasing (m)over dot(cc)/(m)over dot(core) has no substantial effect on the exit radial temperature profiles. C1 [Briones, Alejandro M.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Burrus, Dave L.; Erdmann, Timothy J.] Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Beavercreek, OH USA. [Shouse, Dale T.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Briones, AM (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5669-7 PY 2015 AR V04BT04A032 PG 15 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BF1AL UT WOS:000380176400032 ER PT B AU Huelskamp, BC Kiel, BV Gokulakrishnan, P AF Huelskamp, Bethany C. Kiel, Barry V. Gokulakrishnan, Ponnuthurai GP ASME TI INFLUENCE OF FUEL CHARACTERISTICS IN A CORRELATION TO PREDICT LEAN BLOWOUT OF BLUFF-BODY STABILIZED FLAMES SO ASME TURBO EXPO: TURBINE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, 2015, VOL 4B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition CY JUN 15-19, 2015 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Int Gas Turbine Inst ID COMBUSTION; DYNAMICS AB This study employed experimental data collected at the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) as well as data from a review of past literature to develop a correlation for predicting lean blowout through the use of a least-squares curve-fit method. Combining data from the literature with data from AFRL allowed significant variations within the dataset with regard to velocity, flameholder diameter and shape, pressure, temperature, and fuel. Gaseous, single-component fuels as well as multi-component jet fuels were included in the study. The study reports new jet fuel blowout data. The laminar flame speed and ignition delay time calculated using detailed chemical kinetics mechanisms were used in the correlations to determine the chemical timescales relevant to lean blowout. The correlation presented here indicates that the lean blowout of bluff-body stabilized flames is dependent on the Damkohler number, with fuel variation being a significant factor. The ratio of the flameholder diameter to the lip velocity was found to influence the lean blowout. This ratio represents the fluid-mechanic timescale in the Damkohler number. Pressure, temperature, and the hydrogen-to-carbon ratio of the fuel affect the reactivity of the mixture, contributing to the chemical timescale in the Damkohler number. For a limited dataset, the ignition delay time is an adequate representation of the chemical timescale. C1 [Huelskamp, Bethany C.] Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45459 USA. [Kiel, Barry V.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Gokulakrishnan, Ponnuthurai] Combust Sci & Engn Inc, Columbia, MD USA. RP Huelskamp, BC (reprint author), Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45459 USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5669-7 PY 2015 AR V04BT04A031 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BF1AL UT WOS:000380176400031 ER PT B AU Katta, VR Roquemore, WM AF Katta, Viswanath R. Roquemore, William M. GP ASME TI MODELING OF EMISSIONS IN A LABORATORY SWIRL COMBUSTOR SO ASME TURBO EXPO: TURBINE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, 2015, VOL 4B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition CY JUN 15-19, 2015 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Int Gas Turbine Inst ID GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTOR; JET DIFFUSION FLAMES; REFERENCE COMPONENTS; PARTIAL OXIDATION; SIMULATION; TEMPERATURE; PYROLYSIS; MIXTURES; JP-8; FLOW AB A swirl-stabilized combustor utilizes recirculation zones for stabilizing the flame. The performance of such combustors could depend on the fuel used as the cracked fuel products may enter the recirculation-zones and alter their characteristics. A numerical study is conducted for understanding the effects of fuel variation on the combustion and unburned-hydrocarbon emission characteristics of a laboratory swirl combustor. A time-dependent, detailed-chemistry CFD model UNICORN is used. Six binary fuel mixtures formulated with n-dodecane and n-heptane, m-xylene, iso-octane or hexadecane are considered. A semi-detailed chemical-kinetics model (CRECK-0810) involving 206 species and 5652 reactions for the combustion of these fuels is incorporated into UNICORN code. Calculations are performed for a fuel-lean condition, which represents cruise operation of an aircraft. Combustor flows simulated with different fuel mixtures yielded nearly the same flowfields and flame structures. Production of the intermediate cracked fuel species that are key for the final flame structure and emissions seems to be independent of the fuel used. This finding could greatly simplify The detailed chemical kinetics used for obtaining cracked products. As the cracked fuel species are completely consumed with in the flame zone, no emissions are observed at the combustor exit for the considered fuel-lean condition. C1 [Katta, Viswanath R.] Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45459 USA. [Roquemore, William M.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Katta, VR (reprint author), Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45459 USA. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5669-7 PY 2015 AR V04BT04A062 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BF1AL UT WOS:000380176400062 ER PT B AU Humber, W Ni, RH Johnson, J Clark, J King, P AF Humber, William Ni, Ron-Ho Johnson, Jamie Clark, John King, Paul GP ASME TI COMPARISON OF CONJUGATE HEAT TRANSFER ANALYSIS OF FLAT PLATE FILM COOLING ARRAYS AGAINST EXPERIMENTAL DATA SO ASME TURBO EXPO: TURBINE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, 2015, VOL 5A LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition CY JUN 15-19, 2015 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Int Gas Turbine Inst AB Conjugate heat transfer (CHT) simulations were conducted for five film-cooled flat plates designed to model the pressure side of the High Impact Technologies Research Turbine First Vane (HIT RT1 V). The numerical results of the CHT analysis were compared against experimental data. The five test cases consist of one baseline geometry and four different cooling hole geometries applied to a film-cooling hole arrangement that was optimized to achieve a more uniform cooling effectiveness. This optimized film-cooling hole configuration was designed by coupling a genetic algorithm with a Navier-Stokes fluid solver, using source terms to model film holes, starting from a baseline cooling configuration. All five plates were manufactured, and surface temperature measurements were taken using infrared thermography while the plates were exposed to flow conditions similar to the pressure side of the HIT RTIV CHT simulations were carried out using unstructured meshes for both fluid and solid with all film holes fully resolved. Comparison of experimental data and simulations shows a consistent trend between the optimized configurations as well as correct predictions of the flow characteristics of each hole geometry although the absolute temperatures are underpredicted by the CHT. Both experimental measurements and CHT predictions show the optimized geometry with mini-trenched-shaped holes to give the best cooling effectiveness. C1 [Humber, William; Ni, Ron-Ho] AeroDynam Solut Inc, San Jose, CA 95126 USA. [Johnson, Jamie; Clark, John] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [King, Paul] Air Force Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Humber, W (reprint author), AeroDynam Solut Inc, San Jose, CA 95126 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5671-0 PY 2015 AR V05AT10A006 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BF1AK UT WOS:000380175900006 ER PT B AU Rutledge, JL Rathsack, TC Van Voorhis, MT Polanka, MD AF Rutledge, James L. Rathsack, Tylor C. Van Voorhis, Matthew T. Polanka, Marc D. GP ASME TI FILM COOLING PARAMETER WAVEFORMS ON A TURBINE BLADE LEADING EDGE MODEL WITH OSCILLATING STAGNATION LINE SO ASME TURBO EXPO: TURBINE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, 2015, VOL 5B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition CY JUN 15-19, 2015 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Int Gas Turbine Inst ID HEAT-TRANSFER COEFFICIENT; DENSITY RATIO; HOLES; WAKE; DOWNSTREAM AB It is necessary to understand how film cooling influences the external convective boundary condition involving both the adiabatic wall temperature and the heat transfer coefficient in order to predict the thermal durability of a gas turbine hot gas path component. Most studies in the past have considered only steady flow, but studies of the unsteadiness naturally present in turbine flow have become more prevalent. One source of unsteadiness is wake passage from upstream components which can cause fluctuations in the stagnation location on turbine airfoils. This in turn causes unsteadiness in the behavior of the leading edge coolant jets and thus fluctuations in both the adiabatic effectiveness and heat transfer coefficient. The dynamics of h and eta are now quantifiable with modern inverse heat transfer methods and non-intrusive infrared thermography. The present study involved the application of a novel inverse heat transfer methodology to determine time resolved adiabatic effectiveness and heat transfer coefficient waveforms on a simulated turbine blade leading edge with an oscillating stagnation position. The leading edge geometry was simulated with a circular cylinder with a coolant hole located 21.5 degrees downstream from the leading edge stagnation line, angled 20 degrees to the surface and 90 degrees to the streamwise direction. The coolant plume is shown to shift in response to the stagnation line movement. These oscillations thus influence the film cooling coverage and the time-averaged benefit of film cooling is influenced by the oscillation. C1 [Rutledge, James L.; Rathsack, Tylor C.; Van Voorhis, Matthew T.; Polanka, Marc D.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Rutledge, JL (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5672-7 PY 2015 AR V05BT12A036 PG 14 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BF1AJ UT WOS:000380175100036 ER PT B AU Wang, FL AF Wang, Fei-Ling BE Ikenberry, GJ Jisi, W Feng, Z TI From Tianxia to Westphalia: The Evolving Chinese Conception of Sovereignty and World Order SO AMERICA, CHINA, AND THE STRUGGLE FOR WORLD ORDER: IDEAS, TRADITIONS, HISTORICAL LEGACIES, AND GLOBAL VISIONS SE Asia Today LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Wang, Fei-Ling] Georgia Inst Technol, Int Affairs, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Wang, Fei-Ling] US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. [Wang, Fei-Ling] US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Wang, FL (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Int Affairs, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM fw@gatech.edu NR 89 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PALGRAVE PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-137-50831-7; 978-1-137-53218-3 J9 ASIA TODAY PY 2015 BP 43 EP 68 D2 10.1057/9781137508317 PG 26 WC Area Studies; Cultural Studies SC Area Studies; Cultural Studies GA BE8QM UT WOS:000376781300003 ER PT J AU Wood, AW Uber, R AF Wood, Aihua W. Uber, Richard GP IEEE TI Transient Electromagnetic Scattering by Multiple Cavities SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2015 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTROMAGNETICS IN ADVANCED APPLICATIONS (ICEAA) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Electromagnetics in Advanced Applications (ICEAA) / 5th IEEE-APS Topical Conference on Antennas and Propagation in Wireless Communications (IEEE-APWC) CY SEP 07-11, 2015 CL Torino, ITALY SP Politecnico Torino, IEIIT CNR, Int Union Radio Sci, IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc, IEEE Italy Sect, IEEE N Italy AP ED MTT Chapter, Ist Superiore Mario Boella, Tecnologie Informazione Telecomunicazione, Torino Wireless Fdn, IEEE Antenna & Propagat Soc DE Cavities; finite element method; Helmholtz equations; scattering AB This paper presents an analytical method for modeling time-variant scattering from multiple cavities embedded in the ground plane. This work builds upon existing methods for modeling the single cavity problem, with special attention paid to the coupling between scattered fields from multiple cavities. No assumptions of cavity periodicity or similarity are required for implementing this method. C1 [Wood, Aihua W.; Uber, Richard] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Appl Math, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wood, AW (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Appl Math, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Aihua.Wood@afit.edu; Richard.Uber@afit.edu NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-7806-9 PY 2015 BP 169 EP 170 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BF0AR UT WOS:000378428800037 ER PT S AU Gogineni, S Setlur, P Rangaswamy, M Nadakuditi, RR AF Gogineni, Sandeep Setlur, Pawan Rangaswamy, Muralidhar Nadakuditi, Raj Rao GP IEEE TI RANDOM MATRIX THEORY INSPIRED PASSIVE BISTATIC RADAR DETECTION WITH NOISY REFERENCE SIGNAL SO 2015 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING (ICASSP) SE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing ICASSP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 40th IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP) CY APR 19-24, 2014 CL Brisbane, AUSTRALIA SP IEEE, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Signal Proc Soc DE Passive radar; Random matrix theory; Phase transition; Singular value decomposition; Kolmogorov-Smirnov; Detection ID CRAMER-RAO BOUNDS; SYSTEMS AB Traditional passive radar systems with a noisy reference signal use the cross-correlation statistic for detection. However, owing to the composite nature of this hypothesis testing problem, no claims can be made about the optimality of this detector. In this paper, we consider digital illuminators such that the transmitted signal in a processing interval is a weighted periodic summation of several identical pulses. The target reflectivity is assumed to change independently from one pulse to another within a processing interval. Inspired by random matrix theory, we propose a singular value decomposition (SVD) and Eigen detector for this model that significantly outperforms the conventional cross-correlation detector. We demonstrate this performance improvement through extensive numerical simulations across various surveillance and reference signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regimes. C1 [Gogineni, Sandeep; Setlur, Pawan] Wright State Res Inst, Beavercreek, OH 45431 USA. [Rangaswamy, Muralidhar] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Nadakuditi, Raj Rao] Univ Michigan, Elect Engn & Comp Sci Dept, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Gogineni, S (reprint author), Wright State Res Inst, Beavercreek, OH 45431 USA. EM sandeep.gogineni@wright.edu NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1520-6149 BN 978-1-4673-6997-8 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 2015 BP 2754 EP 2758 PG 5 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA BE1SM UT WOS:000368452402179 ER PT S AU Bell, K Johnson, J Baker, C Smith, G Rangaswamy, M AF Bell, Kristine Johnson, Joel Baker, Christopher Smith, Graeme Rangaswamy, Muralidhar GP IEEE TI BISTATIC COHERENT MIMO CLUTTER RANK ANALYSIS SO 2015 23RD EUROPEAN SIGNAL PROCESSING CONFERENCE (EUSIPCO) SE European Signal Processing Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO) CY AUG 31-SEP 04, 2015 CL Nice, FRANCE SP EURECOM DE MIMO radar; STAP; bistatic; monostatic; clutter rank ID RADAR AB The rank of the chiller covariance matrix in a bistatic coherent multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar system with arbitrary planar arrays in both the transmitter and receiver is examined. The analysis provides further generalization of "Brennan's rule" results available for linear arrays in monostatic coherent MIMO and bistatic space-time adaptive processing (STAP) systems. We first extend the two-dimensional (2D) monostatic STAP results of Varadarajan and Krolik (VK) to monostatic MIMO systems with planar arrays. We then use the VK bistatic STAP approach and determine conditions under which a four-dimensional (4D) bistatic MIMO system can be modeled as an equivalent 2D monostatic MIMO system, and apply the 2D results. The analytical expressions are validated against the numerically calculated rank of the theoretical clutter covariance matrix. C1 [Bell, Kristine] Metron Inc, 1818 Lib St,Suite 600, Reston, VA 20190 USA. [Johnson, Joel; Baker, Christopher; Smith, Graeme] Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Johnson, Joel; Baker, Christopher; Smith, Graeme] Ohio State Univ, Electrosci Lab, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Rangaswamy, Muralidhar] US Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Bell, K (reprint author), Metron Inc, 1818 Lib St,Suite 600, Reston, VA 20190 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2076-1465 BN 978-0-9928-6263-3 J9 EUR SIGNAL PR CONF PY 2015 BP 519 EP 523 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BE9OB UT WOS:000377943800105 ER PT J AU Collins, G Fisher, J Radulescu, F Barner, J Sheppard, S Worley, R Woods, B AF Collins, Gayle Fisher, Jeremy Radulescu, Fabian Barner, Jeff Sheppard, Scott Worley, Rick Woods, Brian GP IEEE TI C-Band and X-Band Class F, F-1 GaN MMIC PA Design for Envelope Tracking Systems SO 2015 10TH EUROPEAN MICROWAVE INTEGRATED CIRCUITS CONFERENCE (EUMIC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th European Microwave Integrated Circuits Conference (EuMIC) CY SEP 07-08, 2015 CL Paris, FRANCE SP GAAS, European Microwave Assoc, IEEE MTT S, IEEE Elect Devices Soc DE Power amplifiers; envelope tracking; MMIC; Gallium nitride; load-pull; characterization AB A 4.5GHz Class F GaN MMIC power amplifier design is presented in this paper. The MMIC is designed to be used with an envelope tracking amplifier for efficiency enhancement. The characterization and modeling of a 6x100 um die for the power amplifier design to be used in an envelope tracking system is described and discussed. The design was fabricated in a 0.14 um GaN HEMT process. The results of an inverse Class F design at 10GHz fabricated in the same process are presented as well. The 32W inverse Class F design achieved 54.4% system drain efficiency at 6.6dB back-off, with a 20MHz 16 QAM LTE signal, the highest reported efficiency at 10GHz in signal back-off. The design, characterization and modeling provide new insight into the strategy necessary for the successful realization of envelope tracking power amplifiers. C1 [Collins, Gayle; Woods, Brian] MaXentr Technol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Fisher, Jeremy; Radulescu, Fabian; Barner, Jeff; Sheppard, Scott] Cree Inc, Durham, NC 27703 USA. [Worley, Rick] AFRL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Collins, Gayle] Intel Corp, Hillsboro, OR 97124 USA. RP Collins, G (reprint author), MaXentr Technol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM gayle_collins@ieee.org NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-2-8748-7040-8 PY 2015 BP 321 EP 324 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BE9LW UT WOS:000377769200079 ER PT S AU Whiting, M Cook, K Grinstein, G Fallon, J Liggett, K Staheli, D Crouser, J AF Whiting, Mark Cook, Kristin Grinstein, Georges Fallon, John Liggett, Kristen Staheli, Diane Crouser, Jordan BE Chen, M Andrienko, G TI VAST Challenge 2015: Mayhem at Dinofun World SO 2015 IEEE CONFERENCE ON VISUAL ANALYTICS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SE IEEE Conference on Visual Analytics Science and Technology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th IEEE Conference on Visual Analytics Science and Technology (VAST) CY OCT 25-30, 2015 CL Chicago, IL SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Visualizat and Graph Tech Comm, InfoVis, SciVis DE Visual Analytics; Human Information Interaction; Sense Making; Movement Analysis; Evaluation; Contest AB A fictitious amusement park and a larger-than-life hometown football hero provided participants in the VAST Challenge 2015 with an engaging yet complex storyline and setting in which to analyze movement and communication patterns. The datasets for the 2015 challenge were large-averaging nearly 10 million records per day over a three day period-with a simple straightforward structured format. The simplicity of the format belied a complex wealth of features contained in the data that needed to be discovered and understood to solve the tasks and questions that were posed. Two Mini-Challenges and a Grand Challenge compose the 2015 competition. Mini-Challenge 1 contained structured location and date-time data for park visitors, against which participants were to discern groups and their activities. Mini-Challenge 2 contained structured communication data consisting of metadata about time-stamped text messages sent between park visitors. The Grand Challenge required participants to use both movement and communication data to hypothesize when a crime was committed and identify the most likely suspects from all the park visitors. The VAST Challenge 2015 received 71 submissions, and the datasets were downloaded, at least partially, from 26 countries. C1 [Whiting, Mark; Cook, Kristin] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Grinstein, Georges; Fallon, John] Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA USA. [Liggett, Kristen] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Staheli, Diane] MIT, Lincoln Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Crouser, Jordan] Smith Coll, Northampton, MA 01063 USA. RP Whiting, M (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM mark.whiting@pnnl.gov; kris.cook@pnnl.gov; grinstein@uml.edu; john.fallon@student.uml.edu; kristen.liggett@us.af.mil; diane.staheli@ll.mit.edu; jcrouser@smith.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2325-9442 BN 978-1-4673-9783-4 J9 IEEE CONF VIS ANAL PY 2015 BP 113 EP 118 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BE9NQ UT WOS:000377892000015 ER PT S AU Hatton, W Zhao, JQ Gorantla, MB Chae, J Ahlbrand, B Xu, HY Chen, SQ Wang, GZ Zhang, JW Malik, A Ko, S Ebert, DS AF Hatton, William Zhao, Jieqiong Gorantla, Mahesh Babu Chae, Junghoon Ahlbrand, Benjamin Xu, Hanye Chen, Siqaio Wang, Guizhen Zhang, Jiawei Malik, Abish Ko, Sungahn Ebert, David S. BE Chen, M Andrienko, G TI Visual Analytics for Detecting Communication Patterns VAST 2015 Mini-Challenge 2: Honorable Mention for Compelling Narrative Debrief SO 2015 IEEE CONFERENCE ON VISUAL ANALYTICS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SE IEEE Conference on Visual Analytics Science and Technology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th IEEE Conference on Visual Analytics Science and Technology (VAST) CY OCT 25-30, 2015 CL Chicago, IL SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Visualizat and Graph Tech Comm, InfoVis, SciVis C1 [Hatton, William] US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Zhao, Jieqiong; Gorantla, Mahesh Babu; Chae, Junghoon; Ahlbrand, Benjamin; Xu, Hanye; Chen, Siqaio; Wang, Guizhen; Zhang, Jiawei; Malik, Abish; Ko, Sungahn; Ebert, David S.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Hatton, W (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM C16william.hatton@usafa.edu; zhao413@purdue.edu; mgorantl@purdue.edu; jchae@purdue.edu; bahlbran@purdue.edu; xu193@purdue.edu; chen1722@purdue.edu; wang1908@purdue.edu; zhan1486@purdue.edu; amalik@purdue.edu; ko@purdue.edu; ebertd@purdue.edu NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2325-9442 BN 978-1-4673-9783-4 J9 IEEE CONF VIS ANAL PY 2015 BP 137 EP 138 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BE9NQ UT WOS:000377892000025 ER PT S AU Chae, J Wang, GZ Ahlbrand, B Gorantla, MB Zhang, JW Chen, SQ Xu, HY Zhao, JQ Hatton, W Malik, A Ko, S Ebert, DS AF Chae, Junghoon Wang, Guizhen Ahlbrand, Benjamin Gorantla, Mahesh Babu Zhang, Jiawei Chen, Siqaio Xu, Hanye Zhao, Jieqiong Hatton, William Malik, Abish Ko, Sungahn Ebert, David S. BE Chen, M Andrienko, G TI Visual Analytics of Heterogeneous Data for Criminal Event Analysis VAST Challenge 2015: Grand Challenge SO 2015 IEEE CONFERENCE ON VISUAL ANALYTICS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SE IEEE Conference on Visual Analytics Science and Technology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th IEEE Conference on Visual Analytics Science and Technology (VAST) CY OCT 25-30, 2015 CL Chicago, IL SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Visualizat and Graph Tech Comm, InfoVis, SciVis C1 [Chae, Junghoon; Wang, Guizhen; Ahlbrand, Benjamin; Gorantla, Mahesh Babu; Zhang, Jiawei; Chen, Siqaio; Xu, Hanye; Zhao, Jieqiong; Malik, Abish; Ko, Sungahn; Ebert, David S.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Hatton, William] US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Chae, J (reprint author), Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM jchae@purdue.edu; wang1908@purdue.edu; bahlbran@purdue.edu; mgorantl@purdue.edu; zhan1486@purdue.edu; chen1722@purdue.edu; xu193@purdue.edu; zhao413@purdue.edu; C16william.hatton@usafa.edu; amalik@purdue.edu; ko@purdue.edu; ebertd@purdue.edu NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2325-9442 BN 978-1-4673-9783-4 J9 IEEE CONF VIS ANAL PY 2015 BP 149 EP 150 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BE9NQ UT WOS:000377892000031 ER PT S AU Zhao, JQ Wang, GZ Chae, J Xu, HY Chen, SQ Hatton, W Towers, S Gorantla, MB Ahlbrand, B Zhang, JW Malik, A Ko, S Ebert, DS AF Zhao, Jieqiong Wang, Guizhen Chae, Junghoon Xu, Hanye Chen, Siqaio Hatton, William Towers, Sherry Gorantla, Mahesh Babu Ahlbrand, Benjamin Zhang, Jiawei Malik, Abish Ko, Sungahn Ebert, David S. BE Chen, M Andrienko, G TI ParkAnalyzer: Characterizing the Movement Patterns of Visitors VAST 2015 Mini-Challenge 1 SO 2015 IEEE CONFERENCE ON VISUAL ANALYTICS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SE IEEE Conference on Visual Analytics Science and Technology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th IEEE Conference on Visual Analytics Science and Technology (VAST) CY OCT 25-30, 2015 CL Chicago, IL SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Visualizat and Graph Tech Comm, InfoVis, SciVis C1 [Zhao, Jieqiong; Wang, Guizhen; Chae, Junghoon; Xu, Hanye; Chen, Siqaio; Ahlbrand, Benjamin; Zhang, Jiawei; Malik, Abish; Ko, Sungahn; Ebert, David S.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Hatton, William] US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Towers, Sherry] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Zhao, JQ (reprint author), Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM zhao413@purdue.edu; wang1908@purdue.edu; jchae@purdue.edu; xu193@purdue.edu; chen1722@purdue.edu; C16william.hatton@usafa.edu; smtowers@asu.edu; mgorantl@purdue.edu; bahlbran@purdue.edu; zhan1486@purdue.edu; amalik@purdue.edu; ko@purdue.edu; ebertd@purdue.edu NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2325-9442 BN 978-1-4673-9783-4 J9 IEEE CONF VIS ANAL PY 2015 BP 179 EP 180 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BE9NQ UT WOS:000377892000046 ER PT S AU Armstrong, SE Bole, K Bradley, H Johnson, E Staggs, J Shedd, W Cole, PL Rice, CH Ingalls, JD Hedge, CC Duncan, AR Olson, BD AF Armstrong, Sarah E. Bole, Ken Bradley, Holly Johnson, Ethan Staggs, James Shedd, Walter Cole, Patrick L. Rice, Casey H. Ingalls, J. David Hedge, Casey C. Duncan, Adam R. Olson, Brian D. GP IEEE TI Heavy Ion Testing of Commercial GaN Transistors in the Radio Frequency Spectrum SO 2015 IEEE RADIATION EFFECTS DATA WORKSHOP (REDW) SE IEEE Radiation Effects Data Workshop LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radiation Effects Data Workshop (REDW) CY JUL 13-17, 2015 CL Boston, MA SP IEEE, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc AB Commercial gallium nitride (GaN) high-electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) are tested in the radio frequency (RF) spectrum at heavy ion facilities to explore space environment stresses on these emerging technologies. Findings indicate that gate leakage degradation is a key parameter to consider when selecting devices. Variations in the manufacturing process may drive product selection for use in harsh environments. C1 [Armstrong, Sarah E.; Cole, Patrick L.; Rice, Casey H.; Ingalls, J. David; Hedge, Casey C.; Duncan, Adam R.; Olson, Brian D.] US Navy, Ctr Surface Warfare, Crane Div, Crane, IN 47522 USA. [Bole, Ken; Bradley, Holly; Johnson, Ethan; Staggs, James; Shedd, Walter] US Air Force, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Armstrong, SE (reprint author), US Navy, Ctr Surface Warfare, Crane Div, Crane, IN 47522 USA. EM sarah.armstrong@navy.mil; kenneth.bole.2@us.af.mil NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2154-0519 BN 978-1-4673-7641-9 J9 IEEE RADIAT EFFECTS PY 2015 BP 130 EP 135 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear SC Computer Science; Engineering; Physics GA BE9LZ UT WOS:000377773700021 ER PT B AU Byerley, AR Rolling, AJ AF Byerley, Aaron R. Rolling, August J. GP ASME TI EXPLORING THE IMPACT OF ELEVATED TURBINE BLADE COOLING EFFECTIVENESS AND TURBINE MATERIAL TEMPERATURES ON GAS TURBINE ENGINE PERFORMANCE AND COST SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO: TURBINE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, 2015, VOL 6 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition CY JUN 15-19, 2015 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Int Gas Turbine Inst AB Since the 1950's, the turbine inlet temperatures of gas turbine engines have been steadily increasing as engine designers have sought to increase engine thrust-to-weight and reduce fuel consumption. In turbojets and low-bypass turbofan engines, increasing the turbine inlet temperature boosts specific thrust, which in some cases can support supersonic flight without the use of an afterburner. In high-bypass gas turbine engines, increasing the turbine inlet temperature makes possible higher bypass ratios and overall pressure ratios, both of which reduce specific fuel consumption. Increased turbine inlet temperatures, without sacrificing blade life, have been made possible through advances in blade cooling effectiveness and high-temperature turbine blade materials. Investigating the impact of higher turbine inlet temperatures and the corresponding cooling air flow rates on specific thrust, specific fuel consumption, and engine development cost is the subject of this paper. A physics-based cooling effectiveness correlation is presented for linking turbine inlet temperature to cooling flow fraction. Two cases are considered: 1) a low-bypass, mixed-exhaust, non-afterburning turbofan engine intended to support supercruising at Mach 1.5 and 2) a high-bypass, unmixed-exhaust turbofan engine intended to support highly efficient, long range flight at Mach 0.8. For each of these two cases, both baseline and enhanced cooling effectiveness values as well as both baseline and elevated turbine blade material temperatures are considered. Comparing these cases will ensure that students taking courses in preliminary engine design understand why huge research investments continue to be made in turbine blade cooling and advanced, high-temperature turbine blade material development. C1 [Byerley, Aaron R.; Rolling, August J.] USAF Acad, Aeronaut, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Byerley, AR (reprint author), USAF Acad, Aeronaut, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5675-8 PY 2015 AR V006T07A003 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BE9JB UT WOS:000377639400038 ER PT B AU Ma, L Wickersham, AJ Xu, WJ Peltier, SJ Ombrello, TM Carter, CD AF Ma, Lin Wickersham, Andrew J. Xu, Wenjiang Peltier, Scott J. Ombrello, Timothy M. Carter, Campbell D. GP ASME TI Multi-Angular Flame Measurements and Analysis in a Supersonic Wind Tunnel Using Fiber Based Endoscopes SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO: TURBINE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, 2015, VOL 6 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition CY JUN 15-19, 2015 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Int Gas Turbine Inst ID TURBINE MODEL COMBUSTOR; PROPER ORTHOGONAL DECOMPOSITION; CAVITY-STABILIZED FLAMES; FUEL-INJECTION; FLOW; VISUALIZATION; FLAMEHOLDER AB This paper reports new measurements and analysis made in the Research Cell 19 supersonic wind-tunnel facility housed at the Air Force Research Laboratory. The measurements include planar chemiluminescence from multiple angular positions obtained using fiber based endoscopes (FBEs) and the accompanying velocity fields obtained using particle image velocimetry (PINT). The measurements capture the flame dynamics from different angles (e.g., the top and both sides) simultaneously. The analysis of such data by proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) will also be reported. Non-intrusive and full-field imaging measurements provide a wealth of information for model validation and design optimization of propulsion systems. However, it is challenging to obtain such measurements due to various implementation difficulties such as optical access, thermal management, and equipment cost. This work therefore explores the application of FBEs for non-intrusive imaging measurements in supersonic propulsion systems. The FBEs used in this work are demonstrated to overcome many of the practical difficulties and significantly facilitate the measurements. The FBEs are bendable and have relatively small footprints (compared to high-speed cameras), which facilitates line-of-sight optical access. Also, the FBEs can tolerate higher temperatures than high-speed cameras, ameliorating the thermal management issues. Lastly, the FBEs, after customization, can enable the capture of multiple images (e.g., images of the flowfields at multi-angles) onto the same camera chip, greatly reducing the equipment cost of the measurements. The multi-angle data sets, enabled by the FBEs as discussed above, were analyzed by POD to extract the dominating flame modes when examined from various angular positions. Similar analysis was performed on the accompanying PIV data to examine the corresponding modes of the flowfields. The POD analysis provides a quantitative measure of the dominating spatial modes of the flame and flow structures and is an effective mathematical tool to extract key physics from large data sets such as the high-speed measurements collected in this study. However, past POD analysis has been limited to data obtained from one orientation only. The availability of data at multiple angles in this study is expected to provide further insights into the flame and flow structures in high-speed propulsion systems. C1 [Ma, Lin; Xu, Wenjiang] Virginia Tech, Dept Aerosp & Ocean Engn, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Ma, Lin; Wickersham, Andrew J.] Virginia Tech, Dept Mech Engn, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Peltier, Scott J.; Ombrello, Timothy M.; Carter, Campbell D.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. RP Ma, L (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Aerosp & Ocean Engn, Blacksburg, VA USA. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5675-8 PY 2015 AR V006T05A026 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BE9JB UT WOS:000377639400031 ER PT B AU Ruggles-Wrenn, MB Hilburn, SR AF Ruggles-Wrenn, M. B. Hilburn, S. R. GP ASME TI CREEP IN INTERLAMINAR SHEAR OF AN OXIDE/OXIDE CERAMIC MATRIX COMPOSITE AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO: TURBINE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, 2015, VOL 6 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition CY JUN 15-19, 2015 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Int Gas Turbine Inst DE ceramic-matrix composites (CMCs); creep; high temperature properties; mechanical properties; fractography ID 1200 DEGREES-C; +/-45-DEGREES FIBER ORIENTATION; STEAM ENVIRONMENT; BEHAVIOR; AIR; 1200-DEGREES-C; PERFORMANCE; EXPOSURE; DAMAGE AB Creep behavior in interlaminar shear of an oxide-oxide ceramic composite was evaluated at 1100 degrees C in laboratory air and in steam environment. The composite (N720/AS) consists of a porous aluminosilicate matrix reinforced with laminated, woven mullite/alumina (Nextel (TM) 720) fibers, has no interface between the fiber and matrix, and relies on the porous matrix for flaw tolerance. The interlaminar shear properties were measured. The interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) was determined as 7.6 MPa. The creep behavior was examined for interlaminar shear stresses in the 2-6 MPa range. Primary and secondary creep regimes were observed in all tests conducted in air and in steam. Tertiary creep was noted in tests performed at 6 MPa. Creep run-out defined as 100 h at creep stress was not achieved in any of the tests. Larger creep strains and higher creep strain rates were produced in steam. However, the presence of steam had a beneficial effect on creep lifetimes. Composite microstructure, as well as damage and failure mechanisms were investigated. C1 [Ruggles-Wrenn, M. B.; Hilburn, S. R.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ruggles-Wrenn, MB (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5675-8 PY 2015 AR V006T02A003 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BE9JB UT WOS:000377639400003 ER PT B AU Scott-Emuakpor, O Holycross, C George, T Knapp, K Bruns, J AF Scott-Emuakpor, Onome Holycross, Casey George, Tommy Knapp, Kevin Bruns, Jeffery GP ASME TI Fatigue and Strength Studies of Titanium 6AI-4V Fabricated by Direct Metal Laser Sintering SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO: TURBINE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, 2015, VOL 6 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition CY JUN 15-19, 2015 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Int Gas Turbine Inst AB Vibratory bending fatigue life behavior of Titanium (Ti) 6Al-4V plate specimens has been assessed. The plates were manufactured via direct metal laser sintering (DMLS), which is a powder bed, laser deposition additive manufacturing process. Motivation for this work is based on unprecedented performance demands for sixth generation gas turbine engine technology. For example, the inclusion of a third stream flow for improving engine performance may add complexity and weight that could offset anticipated thrust and fuel efficiency gains. Therefore, complex, lightweight components with improved functionalities are desired. Novel component design concepts have been cost, schedule, and feasibility limited when using conventional manufacturing methods. Additive manufacturing, however, can extend the thresholds of component concepts. Though additive manufacturing can be a promising addition to the turbine engine community, the manufacturing process controls required to achieve consistency in material properties have not been fully identified. The work presented in this manuscript investigates variability in vibration-based bending fatigue life of DMLS Ti 6Al-4V compared to cold-rolled Ti 6Al-4V. Results show discrepancies between the fatigue life variation of DMLS and cold-rolled data. Along with the support of fusion and post-fusion process parameters, the fatigue results are also supported by tensile property characterization, fractography, and microscopy. C1 [Scott-Emuakpor, Onome; Holycross, Casey; George, Tommy; Knapp, Kevin] Aerosp Syst Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Bruns, Jeffery] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Scott-Emuakpor, O (reprint author), Aerosp Syst Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5675-8 PY 2015 AR V006T21A005 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BE9JB UT WOS:000377639400044 ER PT S AU Collins, G Fisher, J Radulescu, F Barner, J Sheppard, S Worley, R Woods, B AF Collins, Gayle Fisher, Jeremy Radulescu, Fabian Barner, Jeff Sheppard, Scott Worley, Rick Woods, Brian GP IEEE TI C-Band and X-Band Class F, F-1 GaN MMIC PA Design for Envelope Tracking Systems SO 2015 45TH EUROPEAN MICROWAVE CONFERENCE (EUMC) SE European Microwave Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 45th European Microwave Conference (EuMC) CY SEP 06-11, 2015 CL Paris, FRANCE SP Keysight Technol, COBHAM, Copper Mountain Technol, CST, Infineon, MiCIAN, Natl Instruments, ROHDE & SCHWARZ, THALES, ThalesAlenia, United Monolith Semiconductors, European Microwave Assoc, Horizon House, IEEE, IEEE MTT Soc, IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc DE Power amplifiers; envelope tracking; MMIC; Gallium nitride; load-pull; characterization AB A 4.5GHz Class F GaN MMIC power amplifier design is presented in this paper. The MMIC is designed to be used with an envelope tracking amplifier for efficiency enhancement. The characterization and modeling of a 6x100 um die for the power amplifier design to be used in an envelope tracking system is described and discussed. The design was fabricated in a 0.14 um GaN HEMT process. The results of an inverse Class F design at 10GHz fabricated in the same process are presented as well. The 32W inverse Class F design achieved 54.4% system drain efficiency at 6.6dB back-off, with a 20MHz 16 QAM LTE signal, the highest reported efficiency at 10GHz in signal back-off. The design, characterization and modeling provide new insight into the strategy necessary for the successful realization of envelope tracking power amplifiers. C1 [Collins, Gayle; Woods, Brian] MaXentr Technol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Fisher, Jeremy; Radulescu, Fabian; Barner, Jeff; Sheppard, Scott] Cree Inc, Durham, NC 27703 USA. [Worley, Rick] AFRL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Collins, Gayle] Intel Corp, Hillsboro, OR 97124 USA. RP Collins, G (reprint author), MaXentr Technol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM gayle_collins@ieee.org NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2325-0305 BN 978-2-8748-7039-2 J9 EUR MICROW CONF PY 2015 BP 1172 EP 1175 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BE9BI UT WOS:000377204600287 ER PT J AU Mirabile, AT Pachter, M AF Mirabile, Anthony T. Pachter, Meir GP Inst Navigat TI Pilot-Assisted INS Aiding Using Bearings-Only Measurements Taken Over Time SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 28TH INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL MEETING OF THE SATELLITE DIVISION OF THE INSTITUTE OF NAVIGATION (ION GNSS+ 2015) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th International Technical Meeting of The Satellite-Division-of-the-Institute-of-Navigation (ION GNSS+) CY SEP 14-18, 2015 CL Tampa, FL SP Inst Navigat, Satellite Div AB The objective of this work is to develop an alternative Inertial Navigation System (INS) aiding source other than the Global Positioning System (GPS) while preserving the autonomy of the integrated navigation system. It is proposed to develop a modernized method of aerial navigation using driftmeter measurements. Use of an Electro-Optical (E/O) system (LANTIRN or Sniper) for ground feature tracking by the pilot, and an independent altitude sensor (baro altimeter or radar altimeter) in conjunction with the INS, is envisioned. The idea is to use measurements taken by the pilot using the E/O system to aid an existing INS, thus automating the navigator's function. The pilot will track a ground feature with the E/O system, while the aircraft is on autopilot holding constant airspeed, altitude, and heading during an INS aiding session. The ground feature measurements from the E/O system and the INS output will be used to form measurements provided to a linear Kalman Filter (KF) running on the navigation computer to accomplish the INS aiding action. Aiding the INS will be periodically repeated as operationally permissible under pilot discretion. The structured environment: constant speed, constant altitude, and wings level flight while on autopilot justifies the linearization of the KF kinematic and measurement equations used during an INS aiding session. Due to justified linearization conditions, little to no modeling error will be present when implementing a linear Kalman filter. Therefore, the strength of the INS aiding action will be exclusively determined by the prevailing degree of observability. It is shown that after one short aiding period a 60% reduction in position covariance is realized. C1 [Mirabile, Anthony T.; Pachter, Meir] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Mirabile, AT (reprint author), USAF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. EM anthony.mirabile@afit.edu; meir.pachter@afit.edu NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU INST NAVIGATION PI WASHINGTON PA 815 15TH ST NW, STE 832, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA PY 2015 BP 2020 EP 2030 PG 11 WC Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BE7FT UT WOS:000375211602010 ER PT J AU van Graas, F Cohenour, C Norris, N Vinande, E Gunawardena, S Carroll, M AF van Graas, Frank Cohenour, Curtis Norris, Natasha Vinande, Eric Gunawardena, Sanjeev Carroll, Mark GP Inst Navigat TI GPS Signal Characterization and Monitoring Using High Gain Antennas SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 28TH INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL MEETING OF THE SATELLITE DIVISION OF THE INSTITUTE OF NAVIGATION (ION GNSS+ 2015) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th International Technical Meeting of The Satellite-Division-of-the-Institute-of-Navigation (ION GNSS+) CY SEP 14-18, 2015 CL Tampa, FL SP Inst Navigat, Satellite Div AB This paper identifies the role and design of high gain antennas for GNSS signal characterization and monitoring. Most GNSS monitors implemented as part of high accuracy, high integrity systems rely on signal characteristics that are generally not observable with the antenna/receiver combination used by the monitor. For example, signal deformations for GPS satellites have been characterized using a combination of high gain dish measurements [1], and one-of-a kind research systems [2] in support of certification of Ground-Based Augmentation Systems ( GBAS). For receiver tracking loop design for challenged environments ( urban, indoor, under foliage, during ionosphere scintillation), statistical models are needed to optimize the choice of tracking loop parameters [3]. To develop a priori probabilities for satellite failure modes, long-term monitoring is required to establish appropriate levels of trust for the use of particular satellites [4]. The key question is how these advanced monitoring and characterization requirements can be implemented using high gain GNSS antennas and associated processing equipment. C1 [van Graas, Frank] Ohio Univ, Elect Engn, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [van Graas, Frank; Norris, Natasha] Ohio Univ, Avion Engn Ctr, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [Cohenour, Curtis] Ohio Univ, Dept Engn Technol & Management, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [Vinande, Eric] US Air Force, Res Lab AFRL, Dayton, OH USA. [Gunawardena, Sanjeev] Air Force Inst Technol, Auton & Nav Technol ANT Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Carroll, Mark] Air Force Inst Technol, Washington, DC USA. RP van Graas, F (reprint author), Ohio Univ, Elect Engn, Athens, OH 45701 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST NAVIGATION PI WASHINGTON PA 815 15TH ST NW, STE 832, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA PY 2015 BP 3426 EP 3433 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BE7FT UT WOS:000375211603048 ER PT B AU Arrasmith, WW AF Arrasmith, William Wolfgang BA Arrasmith, WW BF Arrasmith, WW TI Introduction to Systems Engineering SO SYSTEMS ENGINEERING AND ANALYSIS OF ELECTRO-OPTICAL AND INFRARED SYSTEMS LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] US Air Force, New York, NY USA. [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] Air Force Tech Applicat Ctr, Appl Technol Directorate, Adv Sci & Technol Div, Alsancak, Turkey. [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] US Naval Acad, Weap & Syst Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] Air Force Off Sci Res, Phys & Elect Directorate, Washington, DC USA. [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] Air Force Res Lab, Flood Beam Expt, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] Space Div, Teal Ruby Syst Program Off, New York, NY USA. RP Arrasmith, WW (reprint author), Florida Inst Technol, Engn Syst, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4665-7993-4; 978-1-4665-7992-7 PY 2015 BP 3 EP 47 D2 10.1201/b18263 PG 45 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BE7LR UT WOS:000375468800002 ER PT B AU Arrasmith, WW AF Arrasmith, William Wolfgang BA Arrasmith, WW BF Arrasmith, WW TI Systems Engineering and Analysis of Electro-Optical and Infrared Systems Preface SO SYSTEMS ENGINEERING AND ANALYSIS OF ELECTRO-OPTICAL AND INFRARED SYSTEMS LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] US Air Force, New York, NY USA. [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] Air Force Tech Applicat Ctr, Appl Technol Directorate, Adv Sci & Technol Div, Alsancak, Turkey. [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] US Naval Acad, Weap & Syst Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] Air Force Off Sci Res, Phys & Elect Directorate, Washington, DC USA. [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] Air Force Res Lab, Flood Beam Expt, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] Space Div, Teal Ruby Syst Program Off, New York, NY USA. RP Arrasmith, WW (reprint author), Florida Inst Technol, Engn Syst, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4665-7993-4; 978-1-4665-7992-7 PY 2015 BP XVII EP XXIII D2 10.1201/b18263 PG 7 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BE7LR UT WOS:000375468800001 ER PT B AU Arrasmith, WW AF Arrasmith, William Wolfgang BA Arrasmith, WW BF Arrasmith, WW TI Enterprise Architecture Fundamentals SO SYSTEMS ENGINEERING AND ANALYSIS OF ELECTRO-OPTICAL AND INFRARED SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] US Air Force, New York, NY USA. [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] Air Force Tech Applicat Ctr, Appl Technol Directorate, Adv Sci & Technol Div, Alsancak, Turkey. [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] US Naval Acad, Weap & Syst Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] Air Force Off Sci Res, Phys & Elect Directorate, Washington, DC USA. [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] Air Force Res Lab, Flood Beam Expt, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] Space Div, Teal Ruby Syst Program Off, New York, NY USA. RP Arrasmith, WW (reprint author), Florida Inst Technol, Engn Syst, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4665-7993-4; 978-1-4665-7992-7 PY 2015 BP 49 EP 125 D2 10.1201/b18263 PG 77 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BE7LR UT WOS:000375468800003 ER PT B AU Arrasmith, WW AF Arrasmith, William Wolfgang BA Arrasmith, WW BF Arrasmith, WW TI Systems of Systems, Family of Systems, and Systems Engineering SO SYSTEMS ENGINEERING AND ANALYSIS OF ELECTRO-OPTICAL AND INFRARED SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] US Air Force, New York, NY USA. [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] Air Force Tech Applicat Ctr, Appl Technol Directorate, Adv Sci & Technol Div, Alsancak, Turkey. [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] US Naval Acad, Weap & Syst Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] Air Force Off Sci Res, Phys & Elect Directorate, Washington, DC USA. [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] Air Force Res Lab, Flood Beam Expt, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] Space Div, Teal Ruby Syst Program Off, New York, NY USA. RP Arrasmith, WW (reprint author), Florida Inst Technol, Engn Syst, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4665-7993-4; 978-1-4665-7992-7 PY 2015 BP 127 EP 160 D2 10.1201/b18263 PG 34 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BE7LR UT WOS:000375468800004 ER PT B AU Arrasmith, WW AF Arrasmith, William Wolfgang BA Arrasmith, WW BF Arrasmith, WW TI Model-Based Systems Engineering SO SYSTEMS ENGINEERING AND ANALYSIS OF ELECTRO-OPTICAL AND INFRARED SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] US Air Force, New York, NY USA. [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] Air Force Tech Applicat Ctr, Appl Technol Directorate, Adv Sci & Technol Div, Alsancak, Turkey. [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] US Naval Acad, Weap & Syst Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] Air Force Off Sci Res, Phys & Elect Directorate, Washington, DC USA. [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] Air Force Res Lab, Flood Beam Expt, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] Space Div, Teal Ruby Syst Program Off, New York, NY USA. RP Arrasmith, WW (reprint author), Florida Inst Technol, Engn Syst, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4665-7993-4; 978-1-4665-7992-7 PY 2015 BP 161 EP 197 D2 10.1201/b18263 PG 37 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BE7LR UT WOS:000375468800005 ER PT B AU Arrasmith, WW AF Arrasmith, William Wolfgang BA Arrasmith, WW BF Arrasmith, WW TI Problem Definition SO SYSTEMS ENGINEERING AND ANALYSIS OF ELECTRO-OPTICAL AND INFRARED SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ATMOSPHERE; EMISSIVITY; RADIATION; CAVITIES C1 [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] US Air Force, New York, NY USA. [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] Air Force Tech Applicat Ctr, Appl Technol Directorate, Adv Sci & Technol Div, Alsancak, Turkey. [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] US Naval Acad, Weap & Syst Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] Air Force Off Sci Res, Phys & Elect Directorate, Washington, DC USA. [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] Air Force Res Lab, Flood Beam Expt, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] Space Div, Teal Ruby Syst Program Off, New York, NY USA. RP Arrasmith, WW (reprint author), Florida Inst Technol, Engn Syst, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. NR 55 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4665-7993-4; 978-1-4665-7992-7 PY 2015 BP 201 EP 266 D2 10.1201/b18263 PG 66 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BE7LR UT WOS:000375468800006 ER PT B AU Arrasmith, WW AF Arrasmith, William Wolfgang BA Arrasmith, WW BF Arrasmith, WW TI Feasibility Studies, Trade Studies, and Alternative Analysis SO SYSTEMS ENGINEERING AND ANALYSIS OF ELECTRO-OPTICAL AND INFRARED SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] US Air Force, New York, NY USA. [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] Air Force Tech Applicat Ctr, Appl Technol Directorate, Adv Sci & Technol Div, Alsancak, Turkey. [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] US Naval Acad, Weap & Syst Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] Air Force Off Sci Res, Phys & Elect Directorate, Washington, DC USA. [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] Air Force Res Lab, Flood Beam Expt, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] Space Div, Teal Ruby Syst Program Off, New York, NY USA. RP Arrasmith, WW (reprint author), Florida Inst Technol, Engn Syst, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4665-7993-4; 978-1-4665-7992-7 PY 2015 BP 267 EP 323 D2 10.1201/b18263 PG 57 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BE7LR UT WOS:000375468800007 ER PT B AU Arrasmith, WW AF Arrasmith, William Wolfgang BA Arrasmith, WW BF Arrasmith, WW TI Systems and Requirements SO SYSTEMS ENGINEERING AND ANALYSIS OF ELECTRO-OPTICAL AND INFRARED SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] US Air Force, New York, NY USA. [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] Air Force Tech Applicat Ctr, Appl Technol Directorate, Adv Sci & Technol Div, Alsancak, Turkey. [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] US Naval Acad, Weap & Syst Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] Air Force Off Sci Res, Phys & Elect Directorate, Washington, DC USA. [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] Air Force Res Lab, Flood Beam Expt, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] Space Div, Teal Ruby Syst Program Off, New York, NY USA. RP Arrasmith, WW (reprint author), Florida Inst Technol, Engn Syst, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4665-7993-4; 978-1-4665-7992-7 PY 2015 BP 325 EP 362 D2 10.1201/b18263 PG 38 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BE7LR UT WOS:000375468800008 ER PT B AU Arrasmith, WW AF Arrasmith, William Wolfgang BA Arrasmith, WW BF Arrasmith, WW TI Maintenance and Support Planning SO SYSTEMS ENGINEERING AND ANALYSIS OF ELECTRO-OPTICAL AND INFRARED SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] US Air Force, New York, NY USA. [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] Air Force Tech Applicat Ctr, Appl Technol Directorate, Adv Sci & Technol Div, Alsancak, Turkey. [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] US Naval Acad, Weap & Syst Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] Air Force Off Sci Res, Phys & Elect Directorate, Washington, DC USA. [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] Air Force Res Lab, Flood Beam Expt, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] Space Div, Teal Ruby Syst Program Off, New York, NY USA. RP Arrasmith, WW (reprint author), Florida Inst Technol, Engn Syst, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4665-7993-4; 978-1-4665-7992-7 PY 2015 BP 363 EP 397 D2 10.1201/b18263 PG 35 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BE7LR UT WOS:000375468800009 ER PT B AU Arrasmith, WW AF Arrasmith, William Wolfgang BA Arrasmith, WW BF Arrasmith, WW TI Technical Performance Measures and Metrics SO SYSTEMS ENGINEERING AND ANALYSIS OF ELECTRO-OPTICAL AND INFRARED SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] US Air Force, New York, NY USA. [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] Air Force Tech Applicat Ctr, Appl Technol Directorate, Adv Sci & Technol Div, Alsancak, Turkey. [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] US Naval Acad, Weap & Syst Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] Air Force Off Sci Res, Phys & Elect Directorate, Washington, DC USA. [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] Air Force Res Lab, Flood Beam Expt, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] Space Div, Teal Ruby Syst Program Off, New York, NY USA. RP Arrasmith, WW (reprint author), Florida Inst Technol, Engn Syst, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4665-7993-4; 978-1-4665-7992-7 PY 2015 BP 399 EP 451 D2 10.1201/b18263 PG 53 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BE7LR UT WOS:000375468800010 ER PT B AU Arrasmith, WW AF Arrasmith, William Wolfgang BA Arrasmith, WW BF Arrasmith, WW TI Functional Analysis and Detector Cooling SO SYSTEMS ENGINEERING AND ANALYSIS OF ELECTRO-OPTICAL AND INFRARED SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SYSTEMS C1 [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] US Air Force, New York, NY USA. [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] Air Force Tech Applicat Ctr, Appl Technol Directorate, Adv Sci & Technol Div, Alsancak, Turkey. [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] US Naval Acad, Weap & Syst Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] Air Force Off Sci Res, Phys & Elect Directorate, Washington, DC USA. [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] Air Force Res Lab, Flood Beam Expt, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] Space Div, Teal Ruby Syst Program Off, New York, NY USA. RP Arrasmith, WW (reprint author), Florida Inst Technol, Engn Syst, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4665-7993-4; 978-1-4665-7992-7 PY 2015 BP 453 EP 500 D2 10.1201/b18263 PG 48 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BE7LR UT WOS:000375468800011 ER PT B AU Arrasmith, WW AF Arrasmith, William Wolfgang BA Arrasmith, WW BF Arrasmith, WW TI Requirements Allocation SO SYSTEMS ENGINEERING AND ANALYSIS OF ELECTRO-OPTICAL AND INFRARED SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] US Air Force, New York, NY USA. [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] Air Force Tech Applicat Ctr, Appl Technol Directorate, Adv Sci & Technol Div, Alsancak, Turkey. [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] US Naval Acad, Weap & Syst Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] Air Force Off Sci Res, Phys & Elect Directorate, Washington, DC USA. [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] Air Force Res Lab, Flood Beam Expt, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] Space Div, Teal Ruby Syst Program Off, New York, NY USA. RP Arrasmith, WW (reprint author), Florida Inst Technol, Engn Syst, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4665-7993-4; 978-1-4665-7992-7 PY 2015 BP 501 EP 537 D2 10.1201/b18263 PG 37 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BE7LR UT WOS:000375468800012 ER PT B AU Arrasmith, WW AF Arrasmith, William Wolfgang BA Arrasmith, WW BF Arrasmith, WW TI Introduction to Systems Design SO SYSTEMS ENGINEERING AND ANALYSIS OF ELECTRO-OPTICAL AND INFRARED SYSTEMS LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] US Air Force, New York, NY USA. [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] Air Force Tech Applicat Ctr, Appl Technol Directorate, Adv Sci & Technol Div, Alsancak, Turkey. [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] US Naval Acad, Weap & Syst Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] Air Force Off Sci Res, Phys & Elect Directorate, Washington, DC USA. [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] Air Force Res Lab, Flood Beam Expt, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] Space Div, Teal Ruby Syst Program Off, New York, NY USA. RP Arrasmith, WW (reprint author), Florida Inst Technol, Engn Syst, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4665-7993-4; 978-1-4665-7992-7 PY 2015 BP 539 EP 586 D2 10.1201/b18263 PG 48 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BE7LR UT WOS:000375468800013 ER PT B AU Arrasmith, WW AF Arrasmith, William Wolfgang BA Arrasmith, WW BF Arrasmith, WW TI Quality Production and Manufacturing SO SYSTEMS ENGINEERING AND ANALYSIS OF ELECTRO-OPTICAL AND INFRARED SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID STATISTICAL PROCESS-CONTROL; TAGUCHI METHOD; OPTIMIZATION; PERFORMANCE C1 [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] US Air Force, New York, NY USA. [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] Air Force Tech Applicat Ctr, Appl Technol Directorate, Adv Sci & Technol Div, Alsancak, Turkey. [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] US Naval Acad, Weap & Syst Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] Air Force Off Sci Res, Phys & Elect Directorate, Washington, DC USA. [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] Air Force Res Lab, Flood Beam Expt, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] Space Div, Teal Ruby Syst Program Off, New York, NY USA. RP Arrasmith, WW (reprint author), Florida Inst Technol, Engn Syst, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4665-7993-4; 978-1-4665-7992-7 PY 2015 BP 587 EP 651 D2 10.1201/b18263 PG 65 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BE7LR UT WOS:000375468800014 ER PT B AU Arrasmith, WW AF Arrasmith, William Wolfgang BA Arrasmith, WW BF Arrasmith, WW TI Optical Systems Testing and Evaluation SO SYSTEMS ENGINEERING AND ANALYSIS OF ELECTRO-OPTICAL AND INFRARED SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] US Air Force, New York, NY USA. [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] Air Force Tech Applicat Ctr, Appl Technol Directorate, Adv Sci & Technol Div, Alsancak, Turkey. [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] US Naval Acad, Weap & Syst Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] Air Force Off Sci Res, Phys & Elect Directorate, Washington, DC USA. [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] Air Force Res Lab, Flood Beam Expt, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] Space Div, Teal Ruby Syst Program Off, New York, NY USA. RP Arrasmith, WW (reprint author), Florida Inst Technol, Engn Syst, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4665-7993-4; 978-1-4665-7992-7 PY 2015 BP 653 EP 689 D2 10.1201/b18263 PG 37 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BE7LR UT WOS:000375468800015 ER PT B AU Arrasmith, WW AF Arrasmith, William Wolfgang BA Arrasmith, WW BF Arrasmith, WW TI Disposal and Retirement of Optical Systems SO SYSTEMS ENGINEERING AND ANALYSIS OF ELECTRO-OPTICAL AND INFRARED SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] US Air Force, New York, NY USA. [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] Air Force Tech Applicat Ctr, Appl Technol Directorate, Adv Sci & Technol Div, Alsancak, Turkey. [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] US Naval Acad, Weap & Syst Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] Air Force Off Sci Res, Phys & Elect Directorate, Washington, DC USA. [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] Air Force Res Lab, Flood Beam Expt, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] Space Div, Teal Ruby Syst Program Off, New York, NY USA. RP Arrasmith, WW (reprint author), Florida Inst Technol, Engn Syst, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4665-7993-4; 978-1-4665-7992-7 PY 2015 BP 737 EP 770 D2 10.1201/b18263 PG 34 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BE7LR UT WOS:000375468800017 ER PT B AU Arrasmith, WW AF Arrasmith, William Wolfgang BA Arrasmith, WW BF Arrasmith, WW TI Mathematical Formulas SO SYSTEMS ENGINEERING AND ANALYSIS OF ELECTRO-OPTICAL AND INFRARED SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] US Air Force, New York, NY USA. [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] Air Force Tech Applicat Ctr, Appl Technol Directorate, Adv Sci & Technol Div, Alsancak, Turkey. [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] US Naval Acad, Weap & Syst Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] Air Force Off Sci Res, Phys & Elect Directorate, Washington, DC USA. [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] Air Force Res Lab, Flood Beam Expt, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] Space Div, Teal Ruby Syst Program Off, New York, NY USA. RP Arrasmith, WW (reprint author), Florida Inst Technol, Engn Syst, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4665-7993-4; 978-1-4665-7992-7 PY 2015 BP 771 EP 792 D2 10.1201/b18263 PG 22 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BE7LR UT WOS:000375468800018 ER PT B AU Arrasmith, WW AF Arrasmith, William Wolfgang BA Arrasmith, WW BF Arrasmith, WW TI Optical System Use and Support SO SYSTEMS ENGINEERING AND ANALYSIS OF ELECTRO-OPTICAL AND INFRARED SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] US Air Force, New York, NY USA. [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] Air Force Tech Applicat Ctr, Appl Technol Directorate, Adv Sci & Technol Div, Alsancak, Turkey. [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] US Naval Acad, Weap & Syst Engn Dept, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] Air Force Off Sci Res, Phys & Elect Directorate, Washington, DC USA. [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] Air Force Res Lab, Flood Beam Expt, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. [Arrasmith, William Wolfgang] Space Div, Teal Ruby Syst Program Off, New York, NY USA. RP Arrasmith, WW (reprint author), Florida Inst Technol, Engn Syst, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4665-7993-4; 978-1-4665-7992-7 PY 2015 BP 691 EP 735 D2 10.1201/b18263 PG 45 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BE7LR UT WOS:000375468800016 ER PT J AU Clay, S Ranatunga, V Wilkinson, M Knoth, P AF Clay, S. Ranatunga, V. Wilkinson, M. Knoth, P. BE Xiao, X Loos, A Liu, D TI Challenges in Experimental Validation of Composite Damage Progression Models SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR COMPOSITES: THIRTIETH TECHNICAL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Technical Conference of the American-Society-for-Composites CY SEP 28-30, 2015 CL East Lansing, MI SP Amer Soc Composites AB While attempting to benchmark composite progressive damage analysis tools, the Air Force Research Laboratory experienced challenges in obtaining some of the material properties needed for input to the models. Specifically, the standard tests conducted to obtain the transverse tension strength (ASTM 3039) and longitudinal compression strength (ASTM 3410) resulted in unacceptable failure modes. Alternate testing approaches were investigated which produced a consistent set of results and recommendations for future model calibrations. C1 [Clay, S.; Ranatunga, V.; Wilkinson, M.] Air Force Res Lab, Struct Technol Branch, 2790 D St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Knoth, P.] Sierra Lobo Inc, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Clay, S (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Struct Technol Branch, 2790 D St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA BN 978-1-60595-225-3 PY 2015 BP 350 EP 361 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BE7MI UT WOS:000375565100028 ER PT J AU Ranatunga, V Joglekar, S Pankow, M Clay, S AF Ranatunga, V. Joglekar, S. Pankow, M. Clay, S. BE Xiao, X Loos, A Liu, D TI Characterization of Delamination in Translaminar Reinforced Composites due to Low Velocity Impact SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR COMPOSITES: THIRTIETH TECHNICAL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Technical Conference of the American-Society-for-Composites CY SEP 28-30, 2015 CL East Lansing, MI SP Amer Soc Composites AB Z-pinning has been used to improve the delamination strength of laminated composites as has been shown in Mode-I and Mode-II fracture toughness. Additionally the degradation of in-plane properties has been studied in the past and documented in the literature. This paper presents a preliminary study on the use of z-pinning to improve the delamination resistance against barely visible impact damage. Experimental results indicated that the use of pinning can considerably improve the compression strength after impact (CSAI). Non-destructive observations revealed a lower delamination area after impact when the samples were fully covered with z-pins. Additionally, samples with a surrounding z-pin boundary were able to provide a containment mechanism for an area with sub-surface delamination. Computational models have been developed to help predict the delamination area and CSAI with impact damage. C1 [Joglekar, S.; Pankow, M.] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Ranatunga, V.; Clay, S.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ranatunga, V (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA BN 978-1-60595-225-3 PY 2015 BP 381 EP 392 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BE7MI UT WOS:000375565100030 ER PT J AU Wang, JT Pineda, EJ Ranatunga, V Smeltzer, SS AF Wang, J. T. Pineda, E. J. Ranatunga, V. Smeltzer, S. S. BE Xiao, X Loos, A Liu, D TI 3D Progressive Damage Modeling for Laminated Composite Based on Crack Band Theory and Continuum Damage Mechanics SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR COMPOSITES: THIRTIETH TECHNICAL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Technical Conference of the American-Society-for-Composites CY SEP 28-30, 2015 CL East Lansing, MI SP Amer Soc Composites ID FIBER-REINFORCED MATERIALS; FAILURE CRITERIA AB A simple continuum damage mechanics (CDM) based 3D progressive damage analysis (PDA) tool for laminated composites was developed and implemented as a user defined material subroutine to link with a commercially available explicit finite element code. This PDA tool uses linear lamina properties from standard tests, predicts damage initiation with an easy-to-implement Hashin-Rotem failure criteria, and in the damage evolution phase, evaluates the degradation of material properties based on the crack band theory and traction-separation cohesive laws. It follows Matzenmiller et al.'s formulation to incorporate the degrading material properties into the damaged stiffness matrix. Since nonlinear shear and matrix stress-strain relations are not implemented, correction factors are used for slowing the reduction of the damaged shear stiffness terms to reflect the effect of these nonlinearities on the laminate strength predictions. This CDM based PDA tool is implemented as a user defined material (VUMAT) to link with the Abaqus/Explicit code. Strength predictions obtained, using this VUMAT, are correlated with test data for a set of notched specimens under tension and compression loads. C1 [Wang, J. T.; Smeltzer, S. S.] NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Pineda, E. J.] NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Ranatunga, V.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wang, JT (reprint author), NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA BN 978-1-60595-225-3 PY 2015 BP 1750 EP 1766 PG 17 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BE7MI UT WOS:000375565100134 ER PT J AU Mollenhauer, D Emerson, R Camping, J Sands, J AF Mollenhauer, D. Emerson, R. Camping, J. Sands, J. BE Xiao, X Loos, A Liu, D TI Composite Catapult Arm Design: A Case Study of Composite Design, Manufacture, and Education SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR COMPOSITES: THIRTIETH TECHNICAL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Technical Conference of the American-Society-for-Composites CY SEP 28-30, 2015 CL East Lansing, MI SP Amer Soc Composites AB In modern times, catapults have been used extensively at all levels as an educational tool. Recently, many communities, universities, and organizations have begun to hold contests where participants are tasked to build a catapult to throw pumpkins at targets or for distance. In 2013, Team ETHOS (Experimental Torsion Hybrid Onager System), a non-profit group promoting STEM education, began design and manufacture of a carbon-fiber throwing arm for their catapult. This article describes the process Team ETHOS and partners went through to design and manufacture a new arm for their machine while using the journey as an educational tool for themselves and student team members. The team developed requirements and models to demonstrate the impact of various design strategies to create a reliable structural arm. A hybrid filament winding process was chosen as a manufacturing method for the new arm. This approach consisted of building a semi-structural mandrel suitable for filament winding and incorporating pultruded unidirectional materials into the filament wind process. A unique ply-drop technique was developed in the filament winding process to address the need for skin thickness reductions from the arm root to tip. Experimental measurements of mass, center of gravity, mass moment of inertia (MOI), and internal strains of the new arm were quite close to those specified in the design process. The as-manufactured arm displayed a mass 1.80% higher and a center of gravity 15mm away from specified in the design of the 4.6m arm. Most importantly, the MOI about the arm pivot was less than 0.5% higher than predicted. Field-measurements of strain compare favorably with models. C1 [Mollenhauer, D.] Air Force Res Lab, Composites Branch, 2941 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Emerson, R.] PPG Fiber Glass, Applicat Dev, Shelby, NC 28150 USA. [Camping, J.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Adv Composites Grp, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Sands, J.] Army Res Lab, Composites & Hybrids Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Mollenhauer, D (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Composites Branch, 2941 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA BN 978-1-60595-225-3 PY 2015 BP 2084 EP 2102 PG 19 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BE7MI UT WOS:000375565100162 ER PT J AU Nepal, D Tandon, GP Breitzman, TD Hall, RB Mollenhauer, D AF Nepal, D. Tandon, G. P. Breitzman, T. D. Hall, R. B. Mollenhauer, D. BE Xiao, X Loos, A Liu, D TI Micro-Scale Chemical, Morphological and Mechanical Characterization of Polymer-Matrix Textile Composites SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR COMPOSITES: THIRTIETH TECHNICAL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Technical Conference of the American-Society-for-Composites CY SEP 28-30, 2015 CL East Lansing, MI SP Amer Soc Composites AB Polymer matrix composites (PMC) with textile fiber architectures are of significant interest in advanced aerospace applications. Despite the great promise, there are significant challenges associated with the uncertainties in material response caused by the complexity and variability of the geometry and the characteristic materials properties. These variabilities include local dissimilarities in fiber alignment, fiber volume fraction, resin rich pockets and variations in matrix dimension (interphases, local area covered by matrix, voids between the fibers or in resin pockets). Understanding of these variations is critical, and it must be taken into account for stiffness and strength calculations. This study illustrates our initial efforts on understanding the variability and its corresponding effect on the properties of textile PMC using nanoscale characterization techniques combining spectroscopy, microscopy, and mechanical testing. We have chosen first to examine micro-scale variations in laminated tape prepreg composites as a simpler beginning. Using atomic forced microscopy coupled with infrared spectroscopy (AFM-IR), we were able to evaluate thickness, chemistry and relative modulus of the interphase. This has also allowed us to distinguish resin rich pockets and variation of fibers distribution. Similarly, combining it with electron microscopic techniques (SEM) and mechanical (Nanoindentation) characterization techniques, this study illustrates deeper understanding of the composite laminate in terms of the chemical mapping, morphology and the mechanical properties. This will provide guidance for future advancement of composites in terms of composite processing as well as toward developing advanced modelling methodologies. C1 [Nepal, D.; Breitzman, T. D.; Hall, R. B.; Mollenhauer, D.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Tandon, G. P.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Nepal, D (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA BN 978-1-60595-225-3 PY 2015 BP 2103 EP 2111 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BE7MI UT WOS:000375565100163 ER PT J AU Flores, MD Mollenhauer, D Runatunga, V Berbeniss, T Rapking, D Pankow, M AF Flores, M. D. Mollenhauer, D. Runatunga, V. Berbeniss, T. Rapking, D. Pankow, M. BE Xiao, X Loos, A Liu, D TI High-Speed 3D Digital Image Correlation of Low-Velocity Impacts on Composite Plates SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR COMPOSITES: THIRTIETH TECHNICAL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Technical Conference of the American-Society-for-Composites CY SEP 28-30, 2015 CL East Lansing, MI SP Amer Soc Composites ID POLYMER COMPOSITES; BEHAVIOR; DAMAGE AB Composites are beginning to be used in a variety of different applications throughout industry. However, certification and damage tolerance is a growing concern in many aerospace and marine applications. Transverse impact of composites results in damage in the form of transverse matrix crack, delamination, fiber breakage and permanent deformation. Low-velocity impact experiments were conducted on 3.2 mm thick IM7/977-3 composites with 10 joules of energy (1.888 m/s). High-speed digital photography was used to capture the impact phenomenon of the composite back surface. The specimens were speckled to perform 3D digital image correlation to analyze the displacements and strains that occurred on the back surface. The results from this study provide basic knowledge of the impact event such as deformation, strains, residual strains, damage threshold load, crack initiation and propagation. C1 [Flores, M. D.] Univ Texas El Paso, Air Force Res Lab, Composite Branch, 500 W Univ, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. [Mollenhauer, D.] Air Force Res Lab, Composites Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Runatunga, V.] Aerosp Syst Directorate, Composite Res Struct Technol Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Berbeniss, T.] Air Force Res Lab, RQHF, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Rapking, D.] Wright State Univ, AFRL, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Pankow, M.] N Carolina State Univ, AFRL, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Flores, MD (reprint author), Univ Texas El Paso, Air Force Res Lab, Composite Branch, 500 W Univ, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA BN 978-1-60595-225-3 PY 2015 BP 2120 EP 2135 PG 16 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BE7MI UT WOS:000375565100165 ER PT J AU Roy, AK Chen, C Ganguli, S Foley, JR AF Roy, A. K. Chen, C. Ganguli, S. Foley, J. R. BE Xiao, X Loos, A Liu, D TI Polymer Nanocomposite for Strain Resilient Solder SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR COMPOSITES: THIRTIETH TECHNICAL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Technical Conference of the American-Society-for-Composites CY SEP 28-30, 2015 CL East Lansing, MI SP Amer Soc Composites AB Commercial off the shelf (COTS) electronics generally are not specifically designed to perform in extremely transient high impact scenarios. In these specific scenarios, the interconnect materials in electronic packaging undergoes through high strain rate (high-g) inducing severe degradation of the materials properties, dramatically limiting the device performance. Traditional interconnect materials (e.g. Pb-Sn solder) suffer from limited performance life under high strain rate and gradient. In this study, we have developed a high performance high strain rate resilient compliant solder. In order to develop the polymer solder to be strain resilient in its normal application temperature, the polymer system should have the glass transition temperature (Tg) significantly lower than the operating temperature. In this research, a series of the epoxy polymers were successfully made and the Tg of the polymer can be tuned and controlled by tailoring the concentration and the composition of the epoxy resins and the curing agent. Although the cross-linked elastomeric polymers are generally flexible and shock absorbing, they are electrical insulators. It was reported that the dispersion of the carbon nanotubes into the polymeric matrix can significantly improve the electrical conductivity to 10(-5) - 10(3) S/m. However, this is still far away from the desired electrical conductivity for the solder materials replacement. Here, we report that the 20 wt. % MWCN/Epon 828/D2000 nanocomposite was successfully fabricated. Its morphology was investigated by SEM and TEM, showing that carbon nanotubes had excellent dispersion and that the carbon nanotubes were well connected to form a network. Initial measurement via van der pauw showed that the electrical conductivity of the nanocomposite could potentially reach to 2 x 10(4) S/m. The combined electrical-mechanical testing based on the test of the Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) showed excellent durability and small changes in electrical conductivity of this CNT/epoxy nanocomposite during the dynamic SHPB test. C1 [Roy, A. K.; Chen, C.; Ganguli, S.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Foley, J. R.] Air force Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL USA. RP Roy, AK (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA BN 978-1-60595-225-3 PY 2015 BP 2438 EP 2448 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BE7MI UT WOS:000375565100187 ER PT J AU Safriet, S Quick, T Mollenhauer, D Ryther, C AF Safriet, S. Quick, T. Mollenhauer, D. Ryther, C. BE Xiao, X Loos, A Liu, D TI Three-Dimensional Analysis of Damage Propagation in Unidirectional Polymer Composites using X-ray Computed Tomography and Digital Volume Correlation SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR COMPOSITES: THIRTIETH TECHNICAL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Technical Conference of the American-Society-for-Composites CY SEP 28-30, 2015 CL East Lansing, MI SP Amer Soc Composites AB X-ray micro-computed tomography (mu CT) provides valuable insights into the structures within materials. When combined with digital volume correlation (DVC), the response to applied load can be measured in the form of the three-dimensional displacement and strain fields within materials. This study has applied X-ray mu CT and DVC to investigate the propagation of damage in a unidirectional IM7/5250-4 composite under compression loading. Volumetric images were acquired from the composite specimen before and after loading using X-ray mu CT. The images were analyzed using DVC to measure displacement field, map crack formation, growth and subsequent displacement of deformed specimen. Initial results demonstrate that volumetric displacement of the composite material using the naturally occurring pattern can be obtained successfully using DVC, making it a useful tool for quantitatively investigating the damage behavior of composite specimens. Several compression steps will be applied to the composite specimens under displacement control. Other selected polymer matrix composites will also be investigated. C1 [Quick, T.; Mollenhauer, D.; Ryther, C.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Safriet, S.] US Air Force Res Lab, 2941 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Safriet, S (reprint author), US Air Force Res Lab, 2941 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA BN 978-1-60595-225-3 PY 2015 BP 2449 EP 2458 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BE7MI UT WOS:000375565100188 ER PT J AU Osborn, T Zhou, E Gerzeski, R Mollenhauer, D Tandon, GP Whitney, TJ Iarve, EV AF Osborn, T. Zhou, E. Gerzeski, R. Mollenhauer, D. Tandon, G. P. Whitney, T. J. Iarve, E. V. BE Xiao, X Loos, A Liu, D TI Experimental and Theoretical Evaluation of Stiffness Properties of Fused Deposition Modeling Parts SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR COMPOSITES: THIRTIETH TECHNICAL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Technical Conference of the American-Society-for-Composites CY SEP 28-30, 2015 CL East Lansing, MI SP Amer Soc Composites ID COMPOSITES AB An experimental and theoretical investigation of mechanical properties of the ULTEM 9085 FDM printed unidirectional parts was performed. The mechanical property prediction was performed based on three-dimensional homogenization methodology and did not involve any empirical coefficients. The only calibrated parameter was the insitu elastic modulus of the FDM roads. The influence of the shape of the air gap between the roads was investigated. Best agreement for the predicted and measured transverse modulus was achieved for the equilateral shape of the gap. Good agreement also was observed for shear modulus. C1 [Osborn, T.; Zhou, E.; Tandon, G. P.; Iarve, E. V.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Gerzeski, R.; Mollenhauer, D.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Whitney, T. J.] Univ Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Osborn, T (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 8 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA BN 978-1-60595-225-3 PY 2015 BP 2589 EP 2598 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BE7MI UT WOS:000375565100199 ER PT J AU Nepal, D Ecker, A Barr, S Moller, J Chalker, J Rooths, B Mungall, E Kedziora, G Berry, R Breitzman, T AF Nepal, D. Ecker, A. Barr, S. Moller, J. Chalker, J. Rooths, B. Mungall, E. Kedziora, G. Berry, R. Breitzman, T. BE Xiao, X Loos, A Liu, D TI Understanding the Damage of Polymer Matrix Composites by Integrating Chemical, Morphological and Mechanical Properties SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR COMPOSITES: THIRTIETH TECHNICAL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Technical Conference of the American-Society-for-Composites CY SEP 28-30, 2015 CL East Lansing, MI SP Amer Soc Composites ID INTERPHASE; FIBERS; AFM; NANOCOMPOSITES; SIMULATION; MICROSCOPY; NANOSCALE; NETWORKS; ADHESION; MODULI AB Detailed physical and mechanical characterization of the matrix as well as the interphases of polymer matrix composites can lead to a more complete understanding of failure mechanisms in polymer matrix composite (PMC). This study illustrates mechanical damage of polymers in both the bulk, as well as around the interphase region through integrated computation & experimentation approach. We have developed a quantum mechanics-molecular dynamics framework, which has enabled the prediction of bond scission under load, creation of intermittent free radicals, and exploration of the potential energy surface for possible secondary reactions immediately following bond scission. In parallel, we have conducted experiments with epoxy systems with varying molecular weight and cross-linker density at different load conditions to benchmark the simulation findings of the chemical species present on fracture surfaces of the polymer. In order to evaluate experimentally molecular level effects of mechanical load in epoxy-systems, detail characterizations were conducted combing spectroscopy (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, FT-Infrared spectroscopy), microscopy (HRTEM, AFM-IR, SEM), X-ray diffraction (SAXS) and mechanical testing (3-point bending). Similarly, the nanoscopic nature of interphases of PMCs in terms of topography, chemical mapping/bonding, fractography, and modulus are also studied in order to find a bridge between nanoscopic, microscopic and macroscopic mechanical properties. C1 [Nepal, D.; Berry, R.; Breitzman, T.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Barr, S.; Moller, J.] Universal Technol Corp, Dayton, OH USA. [Ecker, A.; Rooths, B.; Mungall, E.] Univ Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Chalker, J.] Wright State Univ, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Kedziora, G.] Engil Corp, Dayton, OH USA. RP Nepal, D (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA BN 978-1-60595-225-3 PY 2015 BP 2827 EP 2839 PG 13 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BE7MI UT WOS:000375565100217 ER PT J AU Hoos, KH Iarve, EV Braginsky, M Zhou, E Mollenhauer, D AF Hoos, K. H. Iarve, E. V. Braginsky, M. Zhou, E. Mollenhauer, D. BE Xiao, X Loos, A Liu, D TI Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of Discrete Damage and Residual Strength Prediction in Fatigue-Loaded CFRP Specimens SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR COMPOSITES: THIRTIETH TECHNICAL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Technical Conference of the American-Society-for-Composites CY SEP 28-30, 2015 CL East Lansing, MI SP Amer Soc Composites ID DELAMINATION; COMPOSITES; MODEL; SIMULATION; WEIBULL; CRACKS AB Ply level detailed prediction of fatigue performance of a nontraditional carbon fiber reinforced composite laminate with open hole has been accomplished and compared with experimental data. Discrete Damage Modeling (DDM) method was used for this purpose. The essence of this technique is the insertion of true displacement discontinuities independent of mesh orientation to simulate matrix cracking. Multiple cracking in each ply is allowed. All plies are tied together by using cohesive interfaces, which are allowed to delaminate. Matrix cracks in two adjacent plies interact through the interface cohesive model and their presence is a major delamination initiator. A material history variable in each integration point is introduced and updated after each loading increment, corresponding to certain load amplitude and number of cycles. The computation begins without any matrix cracks present. A matrix crack is inserted when the material history variable value reaches unity. Failure criterion and cohesive zone model for initiation and propagation of cracking and delamination under fatigue loading were proposed. The delamination and matrix cracking extent under fatigue loading in open hole [30/60/90/-60/-30](2s) laminate was predicted and showed good correlation with experimental micro X ray CT imaging. In addition, static residual strength in tension and compression for the same laminate after 200,000 fatigue cycles was predicted and showed slight increase in tension and slight decrease in compression residual strength as compared to pristine laminate, which is in qualitative agreement with experimental observations. C1 [Hoos, K. H.; Iarve, E. V.; Braginsky, M.; Zhou, E.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Mollenhauer, D.] Air Force Res Lab, Composite Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hoos, KH (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, 300 Coll Pk, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA BN 978-1-60595-225-3 PY 2015 BP 2854 EP 2867 PG 14 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BE7MI UT WOS:000375565100219 ER PT J AU Breitzman, TD Zhou, E AF Breitzman, T. D. Zhou, E. BE Xiao, X Loos, A Liu, D TI Tortuosity of Fracture Surfaces in Composite Microstructures SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR COMPOSITES: THIRTIETH TECHNICAL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Technical Conference of the American-Society-for-Composites CY SEP 28-30, 2015 CL East Lansing, MI SP Amer Soc Composites ID DAMAGE AB Fiber reinforced composites are commonly used as structural materials in the aerospace industry. Due to safety requirements on the industry, materials are rigorously tested, requiring both schedule and financial cost to the design and manufacturing timeline. Thus, a computational suite allowing for "virtual testing" is preferred, which could allow for part of the testing to be performed via computer simulation. One barrier to this paradigm shift is the accurate prediction of damage evolution within these materials. In this contribution, we focus on predicting the fracture surface at the scale of the microstructure. The dependence of the tortuosity of the fracture surface through microstructures of various sizes and volume fractions is explored by determining a cleaving crack path requiring minimal fracture energy for each microstructure. A mathematical graph theory approach is used to calculate the minimal energy crack path. C1 [Breitzman, T. D.] Air Force Res Lab, 3005 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Zhou, E.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Breitzman, TD (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, 3005 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA BN 978-1-60595-225-3 PY 2015 BP 2868 EP 2875 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BE7MI UT WOS:000375565100220 ER PT B AU Dunlap, BU Hamon, CL Camburn, BA Crawford, RH Jensen, DD Green, MG Otto, K Wood, KL AF Dunlap, Brock U. Hamon, Christopher L. Camburn, Bradley A. Crawford, Richard H. Jensen, Dan D. Green, Matthew G. Otto, Kevin Wood, Kristin L. GP ASME TI HEURISTICS-BASED PROTOTYPING STRATEGY FORMATION: DEVELOPMENT AND TESTING OF A NEW PROTOTYPING PLANNING TOOL SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION, 2014, VOL 11 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition (IMECE2014) CY NOV 14-20, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP ASME ID DESIGN AB This work seeks to introduce and evaluate effects of a novel method for designing prototyping strategies. This newly developed heuristics-based tool guides designers in planning a prototyping strategy based on answers to Likert-scale questions that embody empirically validated heuristics. We created this tool to augment prior work in the development of prototyping planning methods. The new tool guides designers through six critical prototype strategy choices: (1) How many concepts should be prototyped? (2) How many iterations of a concept should be built? (3) Should the prototype be virtual or physical? (4) Should subsystems be isolated? (5) Should the prototype be scaled? (6) Should the design requirements be temporarily relaxed? We assessed the new planning tool in two environments: (1) a controlled experiment in which volunteers completed a prototyping design challenge, and (2) a capstone design class with a diverse range of open-ended sponsored design projects. In both cases, students received training for the method and then employed it in their own efforts. In our study the new tool caused student teams to employ significantly more efficient and effective prototyping strategies, such as prototyping early and often. The results indicate a higher functional performance of prototypes from groups using the new planning tool compared to control groups. This paper describes the new prototyping strategy planning tool, details both sets of experiments, and discusses results. C1 [Dunlap, Brock U.; Hamon, Christopher L.; Crawford, Richard H.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Camburn, Bradley A.; Otto, Kevin; Wood, Kristin L.] Singapore Univ Technol & Design, Singapore, Singapore. [Jensen, Dan D.] US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Green, Matthew G.] LeTourneau Univ, Longview, TX USA. RP Dunlap, BU (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4960-6 PY 2015 AR UNSP V011T14A019 PG 9 GA BE7MD UT WOS:000375505300019 ER PT B AU Kaszynski, AA Beck, JA Brown, JM AF Kaszynski, Alexander A. Beck, Joseph A. Brown, Jeffrey M. GP ASME TI HARMONIC CONVERGENCE ESTIMATION THROUGH STRAIN ENERGY SUPERCONVERGENCE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO: TURBINE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, 2015, VOL 7A LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition CY JUN 15-19, 2015 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Int Gas Turbine Inst ID FINITE-ELEMENT-ANALYSIS; ERROR ESTIMATION; PATCH RECOVERY; MODELS AB Grid convergence in finite element analysis, despite a wide ariety of tools available to date, remains an elusive and chal,nging task. Due to the complex and time consuming process remeshing and solving the finite element model (FEM), con3rgence studies can be part of the most arduous portion of the odeling process and can even be impossible with FEMs unas9ciated with CAD. Existing a posteriori methods, such as rellive error in the energy norm, provide a near arbitrary indica.9n of the model convergence for eigenfrequencies. This paper roposes a new approach to evaluate the harmonic convergence an existing model without conducting a convergence study. train energy superconvergence takes advantage of superconver!nee points within a FEM and accurately recovers the strain 'nergy within the model using polyharmonic splines, thus pro 'ding a more accurate estimate of the system's eigenfrequen'es without modification of the FEM. Accurate eigenfrequencies re critical for designing for airfoil resonance avoidance and nistuned rotor response prediction. Traditional error estimation rategies fail to capture harmonic convergence as effectively as 'ES, potentially leading to a less accurate airfoil resonance and 9tor mistuning prediction. C1 [Kaszynski, Alexander A.] Univ Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45434 USA. [Beck, Joseph A.; Brown, Jeffrey M.] US Air Force Res Lab, Turbine Engine Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45431 USA. RP Kaszynski, AA (reprint author), Univ Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45434 USA. EM akascap@gmail.com NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5676-5 PY 2015 AR V07AT27A010 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BE7SS UT WOS:000375810700010 ER PT B AU Kaszynski, AA Brown, JM AF Kaszynski, Alexander A. Brown, Jeffrey M. GP ASME TI ACCURATE BLADE TIP TIMING LIMITS THROUGH GEOMETRY MISTUNING MODELING SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO: TURBINE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, 2015, VOL 7A LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition CY JUN 15-19, 2015 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Int Gas Turbine Inst ID IDENTIFICATION AB Blade tip timing (BIT) is a commonly used non-intrusive,ress measurement system to estimate the operational stresses 'ithin an engine's rotors without the costly installation of strain rauges that can add additional stiffness to the rotor. BIT systems are now standard on many engine tests and ensure safe perations by avoiding running near maximum rotor stress Since these systems measure blade time of arrival (TOA), Processes are applied to first convert this data to displacement end then to stress. This effort focuses on the conversion of disPlacement to stress where the the classic approach utilizes nomnal geometry obtained from an "as-designed" nominal model and creates computes the mode shapes using finite element analsis (FEA). The predicted mode shapes of the cyclic analysis.;veal the relationship between maximal blade stress and tip displacement for a given nominally designed rotor. However, manufactured rotors deviate from nominal design due to inher'nt variability in the machining procedures. It is now posside through high fidelity optical geometry collection systems to obtain more accurate BIT limits using measured IBR geome-y from as-manufactured rotors. It will be shown that due to the high variability of blade-to-blade geometry obtained from an optically scanned rotor that the BIT limits can vary significantly etween blades. A method is also developed that allows corn,arisons between cyclic sector and full rotor FEA. This research;uggests to optimize BIT probe placement not only to measure the maximum expected deflection given blade tip mode shapes, rut also to account to for blade to blade geometric variation. C1 [Kaszynski, Alexander A.] Univ Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45434 USA. [Brown, Jeffrey M.] US Air Force Res Lab, Turbine Engine Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45431 USA. RP Kaszynski, AA (reprint author), Univ Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45434 USA. EM akascap@gmail.com NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5676-5 PY 2015 AR V07AT27A007 PG 13 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BE7SS UT WOS:000375810700007 ER PT B AU Kaszynski, AA Beck, JA Brown, JM AF Kaszynski, Alexander A. Beck, Joseph A. Brown, Jeffrey M. GP ASME TI EXPERIMENTAL VALIDATION OF A MESH QUALITY OPTIMIZED MORPHED GEOMETRIC MISTUNING MODEL SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO: TURBINE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, 2015, VOL 7A LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition CY JUN 15-19, 2015 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Int Gas Turbine Inst ID BLADED DISKS; PART II; IDENTIFICATION AB High cycle fatigue due to mode localization caused by geornetric and material mistuning is one of the leading failure risks 2f integrally bladed rotors (IBRs). Due to the computational 2nalysis cost of full wheel models, IBR mistuned response amplications are often modeled with reduced order models (ROMs). lowever, many developed ROMs are based on nominal mode aswmptions that do not consider mode shape variations that have een shown to impact predicted mistuned response. Geometically mistuned finite element models (FEMs) do account for mode shape variations but are notoriously difficult to construct and analyze. Recent advancements in optical scanning have enabled the rapid acquisition of highly accurate dense point clouds representative of manufactured hardware. Previous research pi2neered a novel method to automatically and robustly construct an FEM directly from tessellated scan data, this research adds new mesh quality verification algorithms and experimentally valdates this algorithm using results from traveling wave excitaion. Sensitivity to mesh and point cloud density are also asxssed to determine a best practice for creation of the as manu-actured mistuned rotor model. C1 [Kaszynski, Alexander A.] Univ Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45434 USA. [Beck, Joseph A.; Brown, Jeffrey M.] US Air Force Res Lab, Turbine Engine Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45431 USA. RP Kaszynski, AA (reprint author), Univ Technol Corp, Dayton, OH 45434 USA. EM akascap@gmail.com NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5676-5 PY 2015 AR V07AT27A005 PG 13 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BE7SS UT WOS:000375810700005 ER PT J AU Myers, D Karwan, MH AF Myers, David Karwan, Mark H. TI A multi-criteria policy set optimisation framework for large-scale simulation models SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED NONLINEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE multi-criteria decision-making; MCDM; policy set optimisation; large-scale simulation models; synchronous data flow; mathematical modelling ID MULTIATTRIBUTE UTILITY-THEORY; CRITERIA DECISION-MAKING; DESIGNS AB Simulation modelling is an analysis approach utilised in nearly every domain for analysis of large and complex systems. Synchronous data flow (SDF) is used to model systems whose data does not follow the predetermined global schedule of discrete event simulation modelling techniques. A policy set optimisation (PSO) problem for any simulation model is the selection of a small set of controllable inputs for manipulation by a decision maker (DM) in order to achieve a desired goal. This is a multi-criteria decision making problem and a large-scale SDF simulation model creates a complex mathematical model for solution. Our PSO framework and associated procedure aims to generate the policies that will provide an estimation of the Pareto optimal solutions for the simulation model using only pre-processed model sampling. Our solution methodologies for the PSO problem aims to minimise the computation time required from the point at which a DM selects the outcomes of interest, to when they receive solution policies to choose from. This paper provides a sample problem and a discussion about the quality of the solution found. C1 [Myers, David] US Air Force Res Lab, 525 Brooks Rd, Rome, NY 13441 USA. [Karwan, Mark H.] Univ Buffalo SUNY, Dept Ind & Syst Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. RP Myers, D (reprint author), US Air Force Res Lab, 525 Brooks Rd, Rome, NY 13441 USA. EM David.Myers.35@us.af.mil; mkarwan@buffalo.edu NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU INDERSCIENCE ENTERPRISES LTD PI GENEVA PA WORLD TRADE CENTER BLDG, 29 ROUTE DE PRE-BOIS, CASE POSTALE 856, CH-1215 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SN 1752-2862 EI 1752-2870 J9 INT J APPL NONLINEAR JI Int. J. Appl. Nonlinear Sci. PY 2015 VL 2 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 49 EP 74 DI 10.1504/IJANS.2015.076523 PG 26 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA DM0MX UT WOS:000376040800005 ER PT B AU Berra, LM Olcmen, S Slater, JW AF Berra, Lee M. Olcmen, Semih Slater, John W. GP ASME TI REDESIGN OF THE B-1B BOMBER INLETS FOR IMPROVED SUPERSONIC PERFORMANCE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION, 2014, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition (IMECE) CY NOV 14-20, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP ASME AB This paper presents a conceptual study of two alternative inlet concepts for the United States Air Force B-1B bomber to provide for improved supersonic performance with expansion of capabilities to high-altitude, high-speed flight at Mach 2.0. The two inlet concepts are two-dimensional, variable-ramp inlet systems designed to replace the current fixed-geometry, pitot inlets of the B-1B. One inlet incorporates a two-ramp system, while a second inlet incorporates a two-ramp system containing an isentropic contour. The entire inlet system including the supersonic diffuser, throat, cowl lip, and subsonic diffuser sections was designed to maximize the total pressure recovery at the engine fan face to achieve maximum thrust by the engine at Mach 2.0 conditions. Analytic methods implemented into the MATLAB and the NASA SUPIN codes are used to design and analyze the two-dimensional inlet concepts. In addition, high-fidelity WIND-US computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were used to verify the results of the analytic design methods. The results suggest that at Mach 2.0, the total pressure recovery of the inlets could increase from 0.70 to 0.94. The inlet capture area and cowl drag increased; however, the overall improvements resulted in a 98% thrust increase over the existing inlet at the design point. C1 [Berra, Lee M.] US Air Force, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Berra, Lee M.] Univ Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Olcmen, Semih] Univ Alabama, Dept Aerosp Engn & Mech, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Slater, John W.] NASA John H Glenn Res Ctr, Inlet & Nozzle Branch, Cleveland, OH 44145 USA. RP Berra, LM (reprint author), US Air Force, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4642-1 PY 2015 AR UNSP V001T01A062 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BE6PO UT WOS:000374508300061 ER PT J AU Pietz, J Royset, JO AF Pietz, Jesse Royset, Johannes O. TI Optimal Search and Interdiction Planning SO MILITARY OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MOVING-TARGET; MULTIPLE SEARCHERS; CONSTRAINED-PATH; OPTIMIZATION AB International law enforcement organizations, like the Joint Interagency Task Force South, seek to combat high drug-related mortality rates by seizing illicit drugs in transit over international waters. This mission requires effective plans that route multiple aerial searchers and position surface interdictors through large expanses of geographical areas in the presence of highly uncertain estimates about drug smuggler whereabouts. This high uncertainty combined with the challenge of coordinating search and interdiction make it difficult to conduct mission planning. In order demonstrate how planners can address these challenges, the authors use network methods and nonlinear programming to solve novel optimal search and interdiction models within a realistic counterdrug operation scenario. C1 [Pietz, Jesse] US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Royset, Johannes O.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Pietz, J (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM jesse.pietz@usafa.edu; joroyset@nps.edu FU Office of Naval Research, Mathematical Optimization and Operations Research Program FX The second author acknowledges financial support from the Office of Naval Research, Mathematical Optimization and Operations Research Program. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 7 PU MILITARY OPERATIONS RESEARCH SOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1703 N BEAUREGARD ST, STE 450, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0275-5823 J9 MIL OPER RES JI Mil. Oper. Res. PY 2015 VL 20 IS 4 BP 59 EP 73 DI 10.5711/1082598320459 PG 15 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA DI6YX UT WOS:000373647200005 ER PT B AU Keller, KA Jefferson, G Kerans, RJ AF Keller, Kristin A. Jefferson, George Kerans, Ronald J. BE Bansal, NP Lamon, J TI OXIDE-OXIDE COMPOSITES SO CERAMIC MATRIX COMPOSITES: MATERIALS, MODELING AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CERAMIC-MATRIX COMPOSITES; YTTRIUM-ALUMINUM-GARNET; TEMPERATURE MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; FIBER-REINFORCED COMPOSITES; MONAZITE COATINGS; FATIGUE BEHAVIOR; OXIDE/OXIDE COMPOSITES; STEAM ENVIRONMENT; POROUS-MATRIX; THERMOMECHANICAL PROPERTIES C1 [Keller, Kristin A.; Jefferson, George] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Keller, Kristin A.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH USA. RP Keller, KA (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. NR 224 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA BN 978-1-118-83299-8; 978-1-118-23116-6 PY 2015 BP 236 EP 272 PG 37 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BE3XU UT WOS:000371347800009 ER PT J AU Davis, LCRA AF Davis, Lieutenant Colonel R. Aubrey, III TI THE SEARCH FOR STATUS: CHARTING THE CONTOURS OF COMBATANT STATUS IN THE AGE OF ISIS SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Article ID INTERNATIONAL-LAW; TERRORISM; LEBANON; CRIME AB [T]he lawyer must do his duty regardless of dialectical doubts though with a feeling of humility springing from the knowledge that if international law is, in some ways, at the vanishing point of law, the law of war is, perhaps even more conspicuously, at the vanishing point of international law. He must continue to expound and to elucidate the various aspects of the law of war for the use of armed forces, of governments, and of others.(1) C1 [Davis, Lieutenant Colonel R. Aubrey, III] US Air Force, Brunswick, NJ USA. RP Davis, LCRA (reprint author), Osan Air Base, Headquarters Air Force 7, Adverse Act & Adm Law, Seoul, South Korea. NR 95 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 USA SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PY 2015 VL 223 IS 3 BP 556 EP 609 PG 54 WC Law SC Government & Law GA DH4RJ UT WOS:000372772800002 ER PT S AU McDuff, DJ Estepp, JR Piasecki, AM Blackford, EB AF McDuff, Daniel J. Estepp, Justin R. Piasecki, Alyssa M. Blackford, Ethan B. GP IEEE TI A Survey of Remote Optical Photoplethysmographic Imaging Methods SO 2015 37TH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY (EMBC) SE IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 37th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) CY AUG 25-29, 2015 CL Milan, ITALY ID HEART-RATE-VARIABILITY; PULSE-RATE; NONCONTACT; CAMERA; RPPG AB In recent years researchers have presented a number of new methods for recovering physiological parameters using just low-cost digital cameras and image processing. The ubiquity of digital cameras presents the possibility for many new, low-cost applications of vital sign monitoring. In this paper we present a review of the work on remote photoplethysmographic (PPG) imaging using digital cameras. This review specifically focuses on the state-of-the-art in PPG imaging where: 1) measures beyond pulse rate are evaluated, 2) non-ideal conditions (e.g., the presence of motion artifacts) are explored, and 3) use cases in relevant environments are demonstrated. We discuss gaps within the literature and future challenges for the research community. To aid in the continuing advancement of PPG imaging research, we are making available a website with the references collected for this review as well as information on available code and datasets of interest. It is our hope that this website will become a valuable resource for the PPG imaging community. The site can be found at: http://web.mit.edu/similar to djmcduff/www/remote-physiology.html C1 [McDuff, Daniel J.] MIT, Media Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [McDuff, Daniel J.] Affectiva Inc, Waltham, MA 02452 USA. [Estepp, Justin R.] Air Force Res Lab, Human Performance Wing 711, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Piasecki, Alyssa M.] Southwestern Ohio Council Higher Educ, Dayton, OH 45420 USA. [Blackford, Ethan B.] Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Syst Engn & Solut, Fairborn, OH 45324 USA. RP McDuff, DJ (reprint author), MIT, Media Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM djmcduff@media.mit.edu; justin.estepp@us.af.mil; alyssa.piasecki.ctr@us.af.mil; ethan.blackford.ctr@us.af.mil NR 48 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1557-170X BN 978-1-4244-9270-1 J9 IEEE ENG MED BIO PY 2015 BP 6398 EP 6404 PG 7 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BE4HD UT WOS:000371717206165 ER PT S AU Xu, JL Tang, J Mumey, B Zhang, WY Kwiat, K Kamhoua, C AF Xu, Jielong Tang, Jian Mumey, Brendan Zhang, Weiyi Kwiat, Kevin Kamhoua, Charles GP IEEE TI Cost-Efficient Virtual Server Provisioning and Selection in Distributed Data Centers SO 2015 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATIONS (ICC) SE IEEE International Conference on Communications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC) CY JUN 08-12, 2015 CL London, ENGLAND SP IEEE DE Cloud Computing; Distributed Data Centers; Server Provisioning; Server Selection AB In this paper, we study a Virtual Server Provisioning and Selection (VSPS) problem in distributed Data Centers (DCs) with the objective of minimizing the total operational cost while meeting the service response time requirement. We aim to develop general algorithms for the VSPS problem without assuming a particular queueing model for service processing in each DC. First, we present a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) formulation. Then we present a 3-step optimization framework, under which we develop a polynomial-time ln (N)-approximation algorithm (where N is the number of clients) along with a post-optimization procedure for performance improvement. We also show this problem is NP-hard to approximate and is not possible to obtain a better approximation ratio unless NP has TIME (n(O(log log n))) deterministic time algorithms. In addition, we present an effective heuristic algorithm that jointly obtains the VS provisioning and selection solutions. Extensive simulation results are presented to justify effectiveness of the proposed algorithms. C1 [Xu, Jielong; Tang, Jian] Syracuse Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Mumey, Brendan] Montana State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Bozeman, MT USA. [Zhang, Weiyi] AT&T Labs Res, Florham Pk, NJ USA. [Kwiat, Kevin; Kamhoua, Charles] Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. RP Xu, JL (reprint author), Syracuse Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. EM jxu21@syr.edu; jtang02@syr.edu NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1550-3607 BN 978-1-4673-6432-4 J9 IEEE ICC PY 2015 BP 5466 EP 5472 PG 7 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BE4GT UT WOS:000371708105115 ER PT S AU Tosh, D Sengupta, S Kamhoua, C Kwiat, K Martin, A AF Tosh, Deepak Sengupta, Shamik Kamhoua, Charles Kwiat, Kevin Martin, Andrew GP IEEE TI An Evolutionary Game-Theoretic Framework for Cyber-threat Information Sharing SO 2015 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATIONS (ICC) SE IEEE International Conference on Communications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC) CY JUN 08-12, 2015 CL London, ENGLAND SP IEEE DE Cybersecurity; CYBEX; Evolutionary Game Theory; Incentive Model; Information Sharing AB The initiative to protect against future cyber crimes requires a collaborative effort from all types of agencies spanning industry, academia, federal institutions, and military agencies. Therefore, a Cybersecurity Information Exchange (CYBEX) framework is required to facilitate breach/patch related information sharing among the participants (firms) to combat cyber attacks. In this paper, we formulate a non-cooperative cybersecurity information sharing game that can guide: (i) the firms (players)(1) to independently decide whether to "participate in CYBEX and share" or not; (ii) the CYBEX framework to utilize the participation cost dynamically as incentive (to attract firms toward self-enforced sharing) and as a charge (to increase revenue). We analyze the game from an evolutionary game-theoretic strategy and determine the conditions under which the players' self-enforced evolutionary stability can be achieved. We present a distributed learning heuristic to attain the evolutionary stable strategy (ESS) under various conditions. We also show how CYBEX can wisely vary its pricing for participation to increase sharing as well as its own revenue, eventually evolving toward a win-win situation. C1 [Tosh, Deepak; Sengupta, Shamik] Univ Nevada, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Kamhoua, Charles; Kwiat, Kevin] Air Force Res Lab, Cyber Assurance Branch, Rome, NY USA. [Martin, Andrew] Univ Oxford, Dept Comp Sci, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. RP Tosh, D (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM dtosh@unr.edu; ssengupta@unr.edu; Charles.Kamhoua.1@us.af.mil; Kevin.Kwiat@us.af.mil; Andrew.Martin@cs.ox.ac.uk OI Martin, Andrew/0000-0002-8236-980X NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1550-3607 BN 978-1-4673-6432-4 J9 IEEE ICC PY 2015 BP 7341 EP 7346 PG 6 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BE4GT UT WOS:000371708107095 ER PT B AU Brown, D AF Brown, Davis BE Johnson, JT Patterson, ED TI Contemporary International Law on the Decision to Use Armed Force SO ASHGATE RESEARCH COMPANION TO MILITARY ETHICS SE Justice International Law and Global Security LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB As the natural law of nations gave way to positive international law, the just war tradition gave way to a more legalistic standard. The UN Charter prohibits any threat or use of force except in self-defense or by Security Council authorization. The Definition of Aggression (1974) attempts to clarify what it means to use force. The amended Rome Statute holds states' leaders personally accountable for the crime of aggression. However, a plethora of new problems and unresolved old ones pose challenges to complying with the very restrictive jus ad bellum of today. Several extra-Charter justifications for force have been advanced in recent years, including protection of nationals, anticipatory self-defense, humanitarian intervention, anti-terrorism, and anti-criminal operations. C1 [Brown, Davis] Maryville Univ, Polit Sci, St Louis, MO USA. [Brown, Davis] Maryville Univ, Legal Studies Program, St Louis, MO USA. [Brown, Davis] US Air Force, Arlington, VA USA. [Brown, Davis] Int Criminal Court, New York, NY USA. RP Brown, D (reprint author), Maryville Univ, Polit Sci, St Louis, MO USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU ASHGATE PUBLISHING LTD PI ALDERSHOT PA GOWER HOUSE, CROFT ROAD, ALDERSHOT GU11 3HR, ENGLAND BN 978-1-4724-1629-2; 978-1-4724-1628-5 J9 JUST INT LAW GLOB PY 2015 BP 37 EP 47 PG 11 WC Ethics; Political Science SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Government & Law GA BE2ZT UT WOS:000370362700005 ER PT B AU Cook, ML AF Cook, Martin L. BE Johnson, JT Patterson, ED TI The Role of the Military in the Decision to Use Armed Force SO ASHGATE RESEARCH COMPANION TO MILITARY ETHICS SE Justice International Law and Global Security LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB In a modern democratic state under rule of law, military forces are clearly subordinate to civilian governments. Elected leaders have the authority and bear the responsibility to make decisions regarding the appropriateness of the use of military force to address political issues. In reality, however, healthy civil-military relations and the most successful deliberations about when to use force involve professional military advice on many aspects of those decisions. This chapter explores the many aspects of jus ad bellum deliberation where military perspectives, advice, and judgment are critical to ensuring that civilian decision makers make the best possible judgments on these matters. C1 [Cook, Martin L.] US Naval War Coll, Profess Mil Eth, Newport, RI 02841 USA. [Cook, Martin L.] US Air Force Acad, Philosophy, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Cook, Martin L.] US Air Force Acad, Dept Philosophy, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Cook, Martin L.] US Army War Coll, Eth, Carlisle, PA USA. [Cook, Martin L.] US Army War Coll, Mil Studies, Carlisle, PA USA. RP Cook, ML (reprint author), US Naval War Coll, Profess Mil Eth, Newport, RI 02841 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASHGATE PUBLISHING LTD PI ALDERSHOT PA GOWER HOUSE, CROFT ROAD, ALDERSHOT GU11 3HR, ENGLAND BN 978-1-4724-1629-2; 978-1-4724-1628-5 J9 JUST INT LAW GLOB PY 2015 BP 49 EP 57 PG 9 WC Ethics; Political Science SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Government & Law GA BE2ZT UT WOS:000370362700006 ER PT B AU Hensel, HM AF Hensel, Howard M. BE Johnson, JT Patterson, ED TI International Humanitarian Law SO ASHGATE RESEARCH COMPANION TO MILITARY ETHICS SE Justice International Law and Global Security LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB Within the context of the jus in bello component of the just war tradition, over the past century and a half the members of the international community have gradually developed a legal framework designed to limit the use of force in international and non-international armed conflicts. The purpose of this chapter is to examine the sources of that legal framework, which has in recent times come to be commonly known as international humanitarian law. The chapter first examines the principles that serve as the foundational source upon which international humanitarian law is based: military necessity, humanity, distinction, and proportionality. The chapter then delineates two of the other sources of international humanitarian law-conventional and customary international humanitarian law. These sources, combined with judicial opinions, the writings of various, recognized international legal authorities, and informed by the pioneering efforts by a variety of individual groups within the international community, collectively constitute the contemporary, synergistic, normative body of law designed to regulate the conduct of armed conflict across the spectrum of international and non-international violence. C1 [Hensel, Howard M.] US Air War Coll, Montgomery, AL USA. [Hensel, Howard M.] Air War Coll, Montgomery, AL USA. [Hensel, Howard M.] Air Command & Staff Coll, Montgomery, AL USA. [Hensel, Howard M.] Monterey Inst Int Studies, Monterey, CA USA. [Hensel, Howard M.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Montgomery, AL USA. [Hensel, Howard M.] Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Hensel, Howard M.] Marine Command & Staff Coll, Montgomery, AL USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASHGATE PUBLISHING LTD PI ALDERSHOT PA GOWER HOUSE, CROFT ROAD, ALDERSHOT GU11 3HR, ENGLAND BN 978-1-4724-1629-2; 978-1-4724-1628-5 J9 JUST INT LAW GLOB PY 2015 BP 153 EP 169 PG 17 WC Ethics; Political Science SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Government & Law GA BE2ZT UT WOS:000370362700015 ER PT B AU Cook, JL AF Cook, James L. BE Johnson, JT Patterson, ED TI The Ethics of Autonomous Unmanned Aerial Vehicles SO ASHGATE RESEARCH COMPANION TO MILITARY ETHICS SE Justice International Law and Global Security LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB Notwithstanding the moral imperative to use the best technology available to ensure force protection, discrimination, proportionality, and other worthy aims, common arguments for the strategic use of lethal UAVs can go ethically astray in various ways. Among these false turns are misguided analogies; temptations motivated not by logic or ethics but rather by the desire for cheap, anonymous, or deniable means of battlefield success; and a paradoxical mastery of technology that potentially undercuts the moral mastery of the battlefield. None of these moral mistakes is unique to combat involving UAVs or other autonomous systems, but a new era of relatively cheap, deniable means of attack heightens the urgency of ethical reflection on why, not just how, we choose to kill in war. C1 [Cook, James L.] US Air Force Acad, Dept Philosophy, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Cook, James L.] Pentagon, NATO, Washington, DC USA. RP Cook, JL (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Dept Philosophy, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASHGATE PUBLISHING LTD PI ALDERSHOT PA GOWER HOUSE, CROFT ROAD, ALDERSHOT GU11 3HR, ENGLAND BN 978-1-4724-1629-2; 978-1-4724-1628-5 J9 JUST INT LAW GLOB PY 2015 BP 213 EP 225 PG 13 WC Ethics; Political Science SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Government & Law GA BE2ZT UT WOS:000370362700019 ER PT S AU Foley, JR Stilson, CL Smith, KKG McKinion, CM Chen, C Ganguli, S Roy, AK AF Foley, J. R. Stilson, C. L. Smith, K. K. G. McKinion, C. M. Chen, C. Ganguli, S. Roy, A. K. BE Cadoni, E TI Rate dependence of electrical and mechanical properties of conductive polymer nanocomposites SO DYMAT 2015 - 11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THE MECHANICAL AND PHYSICAL BEHAVIOUR OF MATERIALS UNDER DYNAMIC LOADING SE EPJ Web of Conferences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on the Mechanical and Physical Behaviour of Materials under Dynamic Loading (DYMAT) CY SEP 07-11, 2015 CL Lugano, SWITZERLAND SP Univ Appl Sci & Arts So Switzerland, DynaMat Lab ID HIGH-STRAIN RATES; EPOXY AB Conductive polymer nanocomposites with enhanced electrical and thermal properties show promise as an alternative solution for electronic materials. For example, electronic interconnect materials will have comparable electrical and thermal conductivity to solder with an increased operating range of strain and temperature. This paper documents the fabrication and experimental evaluation of a prototype conductive polymer nanocomposite. Material selection, fabrication processes, and initial characterization of a low Tg polymer with a high fill ratio of carbon nanotubes is presented. The electrical and thermal properties of the composite are measured and compared with predictions. The mechanical properties are measured using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) over a wide temperature range. The mechanical and electrical responses of the conductive polymer composite are simultaneously measured at higher strain rates using a modified split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) apparatus. The dynamic stress-strain response is obtained using traditional analytic methods (e.g., two-and three-wave analysis). The electrical response is observed using constant current excitation with high bandwidth (>500 kHz) instrumentation. The dynamic compression data implies the change in electrical resistance is solely a function of the material deformation, i.e., the material exhibits constant electrical conductivity and is insensitive to the applied loads. DMA and SHPB dynamic data are used to estimate the parameters in a Mulliken-Boyce constitutive model, and the resulting behavior is critically evaluated. Finally, progress towards improving the polymer composite's mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties are discussed. C1 [Foley, J. R.; Stilson, C. L.; Smith, K. K. G.; McKinion, C. M.] Air Force Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL USA. [Smith, K. K. G.] Postdoctoral Res Associate, Natl Res Council, Eglin AFB, FL USA. [McKinion, C. M.] Doolittle Inst, Ft Walton Beach, FL USA. [Chen, C.; Ganguli, S.; Roy, A. K.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Foley, JR (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Eglin AFB, FL USA. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 2100-014X BN 978-2-7598-1817-4 J9 EPJ WEB CONF PY 2015 VL 94 AR 05005 DI 10.1051/epjconf/20159405005 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BE5CS UT WOS:000372587700178 ER PT S AU Mitchell, D Hudson, D Post, R Bell, P Williams, RB AF Mitchell, Donna Hudson, Darren Post, Riley Bell, Patrick Williams, Ryan B. BE Schmitz, A Kennedy, PL Schmitz, TG TI Food Security and Conflict SO FOOD SECURITY IN AN UNCERTAIN WORLD: AN INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE SE Frontiers of Economics and Globalization LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Food security; conflict; water scarcity ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; CIVIL-WAR; ECONOMIC SHOCKS; ARMED CONFLICT; MIGRATION; POVERTY; INCREASE; DROUGHT; AFRICA; MALI AB Purpose - The objective of this chapter is to discuss the pathways between climate, water, food, and conflict. Areas that are exhibiting food insecurity or have the potential to be food insecure are typically located in areas that experience poverty and government corruption. Higher rates of conflict occur in areas with lower caloric intake and poor nutrition. Methodology/approach - We identify key pathways between these variables and discuss intervening factors and compound effects. Findings - The pathways between water, food security, and conflict are complicated and are influenced by many intervening factors. A critical examination of the literature and an in-depth analysis of the reasons for conflict suggest that food insecurity is a multiplier, or facilitator, of the opportunities for and benefits from conflict. Practical implications - To most effectively reduce the risks of conflict, policies must adequately and simultaneously address each of the four dimensions of food security - availability, stability, utilization, and access. Careful attention to alleviating food insecurity will help alleviate some of the underlying rationale for conflict. C1 [Mitchell, Donna; Hudson, Darren; Williams, Ryan B.] Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Post, Riley] US Special Operat Command Cent USSOCCENT, Macdill Afb, FL USA. [Bell, Patrick] US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Mitchell, D (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM donna.m.mitchell@ttu.edu; darren.hudson@ttu.edu; ryan.b.williams@ttu.edu; patrick.bell@usma.edu; ryan.b.williams@ttu.edu NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 10 PU EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LTD PI BINGLEY PA HOWARD HOUSE, WAGON LANE, BINGLEY, W YORKSHIRE BD16 1WA, ENGLAND SN 1574-8715 BN 978-1-78560-212-2; 978-1-78560-213-9 J9 FRONT ECON GLOBAL PY 2015 VL 15 BP 211 EP 225 DI 10.1108/S1574-871520150000015022 D2 10.1108/S1574-8715201515 PG 15 WC Economics; International Relations SC Business & Economics; International Relations GA BE2WZ UT WOS:000370165700014 ER PT S AU Pieper, M Manolakis, D Cooley, T Brueggeman, M Weisner, A Jacobson, J AF Pieper, M. Manolakis, D. Cooley, T. Brueggeman, M. Weisner, A. Jacobson, J. GP IEEE TI NEW INSIGHTS AND PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN HYPERSPECTRAL CHANGE DETECTION SO 2015 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM (IGARSS) SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 26-31, 2015 CL Milan, ITALY SP IEEE DE hyperspectral; anomalous change detection AB There are a multitude of civilian and military applications for the detection of anomalous changes in hyperspectral images. Anomalous changes occur when the material within a pixel is replaced. Environmental factors that change over time, such as illumination, will affect the radiance of all the pixels in a scene, despite the materials within remaining constant. The goal of an anomalous change detection algorithm is to suppress changes caused by the environment, and detect pixels where the materials within have changed. Anomalous change detection is a two step process. Two co-registered images of a scene are first transformed to maximize the overall correlation between the images, then an anomalous change detector (ACD) is applied to the transformed images. The transforms maximize the correlation between the two images to attenuate the environmental differences that distract from the anomalous changes of importance. Several categories of transforms with different optimization parameters are discussed and compared. One of two types of ACDs are then applied to the transformed images. The first ACD uses the difference of the two transformed images. The second concatenates the spectra of two images and uses an aggregated ACD. A comparison of the two ACD methods and their effectiveness with the different transforms is done for the first time. C1 [Pieper, M.; Manolakis, D.] MIT Lincoln Lab, 244 Wood St, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. [Cooley, T.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Brueggeman, M.; Weisner, A.; Jacobson, J.] Natl Air & Space Intelligence Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pieper, M (reprint author), MIT Lincoln Lab, 244 Wood St, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. EM dmanolakis@ll.mit.edu NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4799-7929-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2015 BP 4161 EP 4164 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BE4GM UT WOS:000371696704061 ER PT S AU Chen, QW Wu, Q Bishop, M Linderman, R Qiu, QR AF Chen, Qiuwen Wu, Qing Bishop, Morgan Linderman, Richard Qiu, Qinru GP IEEE TI Self-structured Confabulation Network for Fast Anomaly Detection and Reasoning SO 2015 INTERNATIONAL JOINT CONFERENCE ON NEURAL NETWORKS (IJCNN) SE IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) CY JUL 12-17, 2015 CL Killarney, IRELAND AB Inference models such as the confabulation network are particularly useful in anomaly detection applications because they allow introspection to the decision process. However, building such network model always requires expert knowledge. In this paper, we present a self-structuring technique that learns the structure of a confabulation network from unlabeled data. Without any assumption of the distribution of data, we leverage the mutual information between features to learn a succinct network configuration, and enable fast incremental learning to refine the knowledge bases from continuous data streams. Compared to several existing anomaly detection methods, the proposed approach provides higher detection performance and excellent reasoning capability. We also exploit the massive parallelism that is inherent to the inference model and accelerate the detection process using GPUs. Experimental results show significant speedups and the potential to be applied to real-time applications with high-volume data streams. C1 [Chen, Qiuwen; Qiu, Qinru] Syracuse Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Wu, Qing; Bishop, Morgan; Linderman, Richard] US Air Force, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, RITC, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Chen, QW (reprint author), Syracuse Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. EM qchen14@syr.edu; Qing.Wu@rl.af.mil; Morgan.Bishop@rl.af.mil; Richard.Linderman@rl.af.mil; qiqiu@syr.edu NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2161-4393 BN 978-1-4799-1959-8 J9 IEEE IJCNN PY 2015 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BE3HR UT WOS:000370730600076 ER PT S AU Tzanos, P Stevens, WG Ding, KH Park, J Mudaliar, S Kim, K AF Tzanos, Panos Stevens, William G. Ding, Kung-Hau Park, James Mudaliar, Saba Kim, Kristopher GP IEEE TI Empirical Models of the Normalized Radar Cross Section of Monostatic Freshwater Clutter SO 2015 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION & USNC/URSI NATIONAL RADIO SCIENCE MEETING SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation / USNC/URSI National North American Radio Science Meeting CY JUL 19-24, 2015 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc, USNC, URSI AB Empirical models of the normalized radar cross section (NRCS) of linear co-polar monostatic freshwater clutter returns are presented. The models presented are similar to empirical models developed for sea clutter and relate the estimated NRCS to environmental conditions and scenario geometry. Model parameters are found through a least-squares fit. We compare our models to freshwater clutter data collected at S-band from an inland reservoir in eastern Massachusetts. C1 [Tzanos, Panos; Stevens, William G.; Ding, Kung-Hau; Park, James; Mudaliar, Saba; Kim, Kristopher] US Air Force, Antenna & Electormagnet Tehcnol Branch, Sensors Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Tzanos, P (reprint author), US Air Force, Antenna & Electormagnet Tehcnol Branch, Sensors Directorate, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4799-7815-1 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2015 BP 494 EP 495 PG 2 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BE3YW UT WOS:000371401400240 ER PT S AU Ehrenberg, I Sarma, S Steffen, T Wu, BI AF Ehrenberg, Isaac Sarma, Sanjay Steffen, Thomas Wu, Bae-Ian GP IEEE TI Fabrication of an X-Band Conformal Antenna Array on an Additively Manufactured Substrate SO 2015 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION & USNC/URSI NATIONAL RADIO SCIENCE MEETING SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation / USNC/URSI National North American Radio Science Meeting CY JUL 19-24, 2015 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc, USNC, URSI AB Conformal antenna arrays are useful for applications that require directive radiation patterns while constrained to non-planar geometries. Most prototype implementations achieve conformality by tiling planar elements or utilizing flexible substrates. In this paper, we demonstrate the fabrication of an array of X-Band patch radiators fabricated with their feed network directly atop a non-planar substrate which was produced using additive manufacturing. Measurements of the far field radiation patterns are consistent with simulations, which show the conformal array can achieve performance similar to a tiled or planar alternative. C1 [Ehrenberg, Isaac; Sarma, Sanjay] MIT, Lab Mfg & Prod, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Steffen, Thomas; Wu, Bae-Ian] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Ehrenberg, I (reprint author), MIT, Lab Mfg & Prod, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4799-7815-1 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2015 BP 609 EP 610 PG 2 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BE3YW UT WOS:000371401400297 ER PT S AU Ehrenberg, I Sarma, S Steffen, T Wu, BI AF Ehrenberg, Isaac Sarma, Sanjay Steffen, Thomas Wu, Bae-Ian GP IEEE TI Incorporation of Active RF Circuit Elements into Additively Manufactured Substrates SO 2015 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION & USNC/URSI NATIONAL RADIO SCIENCE MEETING SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation / USNC/URSI National North American Radio Science Meeting CY JUL 19-24, 2015 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc, USNC, URSI AB Additive Manufacturing processes have matured in recent years and are now being applied to the rapid fabrication of functional electromagnetic structures and devices such as waveguides, antennae, and metamaterials. Key to a successful breakthrough into commercial viability for the industry is the incorporation of active RF elements. In this paper, we note some of the difficulties associated with including active elements within additively manufactured substrate designs, and report measurements from a microstrip transmission line with its transmission tuned by a voltage controlled analog phase shifter embedded within a 3D printed substrate. The results indicate that while active elements can be incorporated, performance could be improved by certain design and fabrication changes. C1 [Ehrenberg, Isaac; Sarma, Sanjay] MIT, Lab Mfg & Prod, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Steffen, Thomas; Wu, Bae-Ian] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Ehrenberg, I (reprint author), MIT, Lab Mfg & Prod, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4799-7815-1 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2015 BP 611 EP 612 PG 2 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BE3YW UT WOS:000371401400298 ER PT S AU Wright, M Ali, M Baron, W Miller, J Tuss, J Zeppettella, D AF Wright, Michael Ali, Mohammod Baron, William Miller, Jason Tuss, James Zeppettella, David GP IEEE TI Conformal Direct Written Antenna on Structural Composites SO 2015 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION & USNC/URSI NATIONAL RADIO SCIENCE MEETING SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation / USNC/URSI National North American Radio Science Meeting CY JUL 19-24, 2015 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc, USNC, URSI AB The experimental studies of a conformal direct written antenna is presented. Investigation results of transmission lines fabricated using direct writing are presented followed by array results. It is shown that a direct written array on structural composite operates at around 2 GHz and can direct its beams in the 45 and -45 degree directions with the help of a metal reflector placed 1 inch below the array surface. The array provides a peak gain of 7 dBi. C1 [Wright, Michael; Ali, Mohammod] Univ S Carolina, Dept Elect Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Baron, William; Miller, Jason; Tuss, James; Zeppettella, David] AFRL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Wright, M (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Elect Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM alimo@cec.sc.edu NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4799-7815-1 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2015 BP 613 EP 614 PG 2 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BE3YW UT WOS:000371401400299 ER PT S AU Zeppettella, DL Ali, M AF Zeppettella, David L. Ali, Mohammod GP IEEE TI Characteristics Mode Analysis of a Dipole Antenna Loaded with DNG Material SO 2015 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION & USNC/URSI NATIONAL RADIO SCIENCE MEETING SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation / USNC/URSI National North American Radio Science Meeting CY JUL 19-24, 2015 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc, USNC, URSI AB Characteristic Mode (CM) Analysis of a dipole antenna loaded with DNG material is presented. The eignevalues and eigencurrents are calculated as function of DNG material parameter variations. It is observed that by properly adjusting the DNG material loading the CM resonances of a dipole antenna can be shifted lower in frequency allowing antenna size reduction. C1 [Zeppettella, David L.] AFRL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Ali, Mohammod] Univ S Carolina, Dept Elect Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Zeppettella, DL (reprint author), AFRL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. EM alimo@cec.sc.edu NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4799-7815-1 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2015 BP 957 EP 958 PG 2 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BE3YW UT WOS:000371401401036 ER PT S AU Gibson, J Liu, XL Georgakopoulos, SV Ware, T Wie, JJ White, TJ AF Gibson, John Liu, Xueli Georgakopoulos, Stavros V. Ware, Taylor Wie, Jeong Jae White, Timothy J. GP IEEE TI Novel Reconfigurable Antennas Using Liquid Crystals Elastomers SO 2015 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION & USNC/URSI NATIONAL RADIO SCIENCE MEETING SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation / USNC/URSI National North American Radio Science Meeting CY JUL 19-24, 2015 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc, USNC, URSI AB In this paper, normal and axial mode reconfigurable antennas are considered. Shape memory polymer actuators called Liquid Crystal Elastomers (LCEs) are used to dynamically change antennas. Specifically, a controlled heat source is utilized to the geometry of antennas. The proposed antennas were fabricated to fixed states to allow measurements to be performed and illustrate the antenna reconfigurability between normal and axial mode. Measurements are compared with simulations. C1 [Gibson, John; Liu, Xueli; Georgakopoulos, Stavros V.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Ware, Taylor; Wie, Jeong Jae; White, Timothy J.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Gibson, J (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Miami, FL 33199 USA. EM johngibson07@yahoo.com OI Ware, Taylor/0000-0001-7996-7393 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4799-7815-1 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2015 BP 2297 EP 2298 PG 2 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BE3YW UT WOS:000371401402175 ER PT S AU Wright, M Ali, M Baron, W Miller, J Tuss, J Zeppettella, D AF Wright, Michael Ali, Mohammod Baron, William Miller, Jason Tuss, James Zeppettella, David GP IEEE TI Superstrate Configurations for a MEMS Reconfigurable Pixelated Patch Antenna for CLAS SO 2015 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION & USNC/URSI NATIONAL RADIO SCIENCE MEETING SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation / USNC/URSI National North American Radio Science Meeting CY JUL 19-24, 2015 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc, USNC, URSI ID LINKS AB The experimental and simulation studies of an aperture coupled reconfigurable pixelated patch antenna for CLAS applications is presented. The antenna active dimensions are reconfigured to attain a wide swath of bandwidths within the 1-2 GHz frequency range. Simulated return loss bandwidths are between 8%-26% while measured bandwidths are between 6%-24% when the antenna is reconfigured from low to high frequency bands. C1 [Wright, Michael; Ali, Mohammod] Univ S Carolina, Dept Elect Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Baron, William; Miller, Jason; Tuss, James; Zeppettella, David] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ali, M (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Elect Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM alimo@cec.sc.edu NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4799-7815-1 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2015 BP 2387 EP 2388 PG 2 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BE3YW UT WOS:000371401402213 ER PT S AU Li, H Liu, BY Liu, XX Mao, MJ Chen, YR Wu, Q Qiu, QR AF Li, Hai Liu, Beiye Liu, Xiaoxiao Mao, Mengjie Chen, Yiran Wu, Qing Qiu, Qinru GP IEEE TI The Applications of Memristor Devices in Next-generation Cortical Processor Designs SO 2015 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS (ISCAS) SE IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS) CY MAY 24-27, 2015 CL Lisbon, PORTUGAL SP IEEE AB Discovery of memristor opened a new era of the research on universal memory thanks to many attractive properties demonstrated by this emerging device. In this paper, we switch our research focus to neuromorphic computing, which, same as memory technology, significantly benefits from the technical advances of memristor. Particularly, we present the implementation of cortical processor augmented with neuromorphic computing accelerators (NCAs) for cognitive applications, including: 1) the design details and basic operations of the NCA based on memristor crossbars; and 2) the integration between conventional pipeline and NCAs. At the end, we also discuss the scalability of our proposed NCA designs. C1 [Li, Hai; Liu, Beiye; Liu, Xiaoxiao; Mao, Mengjie; Chen, Yiran] Univ Pittsburgh, Elect & Comp Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Wu, Qing] US Air Force, Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Rome, NY 13441 USA. [Qiu, Qinru] Syracuse Univ, Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. RP Li, H (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Elect & Comp Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. EM hal66@pitt.edu; bel34@pitt.edu; xil116@pitt.edu; mem231@pitt.edu; yic52@pitt.edu; qing.wu.2@us.af.mil; qiqiu@syr.edu NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0271-4302 BN 978-1-4799-8391-9 J9 IEEE INT SYMP CIRC S PY 2015 BP 17 EP 20 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BE4BG UT WOS:000371471000004 ER PT S AU Pagliari, R Ghosh, A Gottlieb, YM Chadha, R Vashist, A Hadynski, G AF Pagliari, Roberto Ghosh, Abhrajit Gottlieb, Yitzchak M. Chadha, Ritu Vashist, Akshay Hadynski, Gregory GP IEEE TI Insider Attack Detection using Weak Indicators over Network Flow Data SO 2015 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE (MILCOM 2015) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE Annual Military Communications Conference (MILCOM) on Leveraging Technology - The Joint Imperative CY OCT 26-28, 2015 CL Tampa, FL SP IEEE ID INTRUSION DETECTION; CLASSIFICATION AB Insider attack detection in an enterprise network environment is a critical problem that currently has no promising solution. It represents a significant challenge since host availability and performance requirements cannot be ignored. A network based approach allows these requirements to be met but is limited by the granularity of data available and the near impossibility of defining exact signatures for known attack types. Anomaly detection approaches suffer from the well known problem of false positives making them hard to apply in enterprise environments where even a moderate false positive rate is not acceptable. Sophisticated attacks and complex network topologies make it hard to apply simplistic approaches to anomaly detection. This paper presents an approach that applies the unsupervised learning techniques of bi-clustering and one-class SVM to so-called weak indicators of network attacks. This approach is well suited for network flow data that is coarse grained and not amenable to simplistic anomaly detection or signature-based techniques. Further, our approach allows a security analyst to determine the cause of the anomaly, a capability that is typically not supportable by simplistic applications of unsupervised learning. C1 [Pagliari, Roberto; Ghosh, Abhrajit; Gottlieb, Yitzchak M.; Chadha, Ritu] Appl Commun Sci, Basking Ridge, NJ USA. [Vashist, Akshay] Otsuka Pharmaceut Dev Corp, Princeton Jct, NJ USA. [Hadynski, Gregory] Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. RP Pagliari, R (reprint author), Appl Commun Sci, Basking Ridge, NJ USA. EM rpagliari@appcomsci.com; aghosh@appcomsci.com; ygottlieb@appcomsci.com; rchadha@appcomsci.com; akshay.vashist@otsuka-us.com; gregory.hadynski@rl.af.mil NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-5090-0073-9 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2015 BP 1 EP 6 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BE3YS UT WOS:000371395200001 ER PT S AU Wang, G Pham, K Blasch, E Nguyen, TM Shen, D Tian, X Chen, GS AF Wang, Gang Khanh Pham Blasch, Erik Tien Manh Nguyen Shen, Dan Tian, Xin Chen, Genshe GP IEEE TI Cognitive Radio Unified Spectral Efficiency and Energy Efficiency Trade-off Analysis SO 2015 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE (MILCOM 2015) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE Annual Military Communications Conference (MILCOM) on Leveraging Technology - The Joint Imperative CY OCT 26-28, 2015 CL Tampa, FL SP IEEE ID NETWORKS; POWER AB Spectral efficiency and energy efficiency are fundamental trade-off in wireless communications. Spectral efficiency (SE), defined as the average data rate per unit bandwidth, quantifies how efficiently the available spectrum is utilized. Energy efficiency (EE), defined as the successful transmitted information bits per unit energy from transmitter to receiver, quantifies how efficiently the energy is utilized. Basically, with higher average energy per bit to noise power spectral density ratio at the receiver, the packet can be more successfully detected, thus utilizing the spectrum more efficiently, giving higher SE; however, in this case, it requires more energy, lowering EE, and vice versa. In this paper, we study the trade-off between SE and EE, specifically for the cognitive radio considering its configurability. We propose a general metric SEE (Spectral/Energy Efficiency) to facilitate the analysis which quantifies the preference of SE or EE. Closed-form solutions for symbol transmission energy and the length of information bits per frame are obtained for various combined modulation and channel coding schemes. The closed-form solutions further facilitate the adaptivity of cognitive radio considering both SE and EE in various scenarios. Using the proposed metric shows that our scheme is capable to perform balanced trade-off between SE and EE. Considering only maximizing SE, our scheme gains much larger EE while only sacrificing little SE; and comparing with maximizing EE, larger SE can be obtained while sacrificing a small amount EE. C1 [Wang, Gang; Shen, Dan; Tian, Xin; Chen, Genshe] Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, Germantown, MD 20876 USA. [Khanh Pham] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Blasch, Erik] Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. [Tien Manh Nguyen] Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. RP Wang, G (reprint author), Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, Germantown, MD 20876 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-5090-0073-9 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2015 BP 244 EP 249 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BE3YS UT WOS:000371395200042 ER PT S AU Baird, LC Parks, B AF Baird, Leemon C., III Parks, Bill GP IEEE TI Exhaustive Attack Analysis of BBC With Glowworm for Unkeyed Jam Resistance SO 2015 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE (MILCOM 2015) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE Annual Military Communications Conference (MILCOM) on Leveraging Technology - The Joint Imperative CY OCT 26-28, 2015 CL Tampa, FL SP IEEE AB An important problem is to provide jam resistance for wireless networks. This is more difficult in cases such as GPS, where the sender and receiver do not have a shared secret that is unknown to the jammer. Currently, the only known system for such jam resistance without shared secrets is the BBC algorithm, which is fastest when it uses the Glowworm hash. We present a new type of analysis of Glowworm, using exhaustive search to find the absolutely best possible attack for reduced forms of Glowworm, as well as for the full Glowworm applied to shorter packets. Because we are defending against a stronger threat model (an adversary with infinite computational power), the analysis is actually easier than for a traditional threat model, and we derive much stronger results than would be possible for cryptographic hashes that are designed for a more traditional use. In addition, surprising results were found for its behavior near the boundary conditions. The result is that BBC with Glowworm can be used with great confidence, and it is now clear how to choose the best combination of parameters for practical use. C1 [Parks, Bill] US Air Force Acad, Acad Ctr Cyberspace Res, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM Leemon@Leemon.com NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-5090-0073-9 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2015 BP 300 EP 305 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BE3YS UT WOS:000371395200051 ER PT S AU Patel, HJ Ramsey, BW AF Patel, Hiren J. Ramsey, Benjamin W. GP IEEE TI Comparison of Parametric and Non-Parametric Statistical Features for Z-Wave Fingerprinting SO 2015 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE (MILCOM 2015) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE Annual Military Communications Conference (MILCOM) on Leveraging Technology - The Joint Imperative CY OCT 26-28, 2015 CL Tampa, FL SP IEEE ID END AB The number of internet connected devices by all accounts is set to increase dramatically in coming years as Internet of Things technologies become cheaper and more convenient. Z-Wave devices have found application in building control, smart energy, health care and equipment monitoring. Its closed standard ensures interoperability of devices and this stability has led to its popularity among consumers. As use of these devices becomes more widespread, the need to protect them becomes more important. In this research, the RF-DNA fingerprinting method is examined to protect these devices using their physical layer attributes. In particular, the traditional method of using parametric features such as variance, skewness, and kurtosis is challenged with the use of non-parametric features mean, median, mode and linear regression coefficient estimates. With careful analysis of variables, a 71% reduction in features is achieved while attaining >94% correct classification rate at an 8 dB lower SNR than using traditional parametric features. C1 [Patel, Hiren J.] Air Force Res Lab, Cyber Integrat & Transit Branch, Rome, NY 13441 USA. [Ramsey, Benjamin W.] Air Force Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Patel, HJ (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Cyber Integrat & Transit Branch, Rome, NY 13441 USA. EM hiren.patel@us.af.mil; benjamin.ramsey@afit.edu NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-5090-0073-9 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2015 BP 378 EP 382 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BE3YS UT WOS:000371395200064 ER PT S AU Soltani, S Sagduyu, Y Shi, Y Li, J Feldman, J Matyjas, J AF Soltani, Sohraab Sagduyu, Yalin Shi, Yi Li, Jason Feldman, Jared Matyjas, John GP IEEE TI Distributed Cognitive Radio Network Architecture, SDR Implementation and Emulation Testbed SO 2015 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE (MILCOM 2015) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE Annual Military Communications Conference (MILCOM) on Leveraging Technology - The Joint Imperative CY OCT 26-28, 2015 CL Tampa, FL SP IEEE DE Keywords Cognitive radio network; software-defined radio; cross-layer design; network optimization; distributed coordination; implementation; emulation; testbed; USRP; GNU Radio AB This paper presents a distributed cognitive radio network architecture for joint routing and spectrum access, its implementation with software-defined radios (SDRs), and its evaluation in a high-fidelity emulation testbed. CREATE NEST, a comprehensive cognitive radio system, is built as an experimental prototype that provides a Cognitive Radio nEtworking ArchiTecturE (CREATE) for distributed support of cross layer optimization in cognitive radio networks, and the Network Emulator Simulator Testbed (NEST) capability for plug-and play cognitive network implementation with USRP N210 radios. CREATE deploys a full protocol stack with distributed coordination (no common control channel) and local network state information, and integrates neighborhood discovery, spectrum sensing and channel estimation with joint routing and channel access implemented with backpressure algorithm. The high fidelity, controllable and repeatable wireless testbed platform, NEST, supports USRP N210 radios communicating with each other through RFnest, a high fidelity wireless network emulation tool. RFnest provides realistic physical channel environments under various path loss, fading, delay, and mobility scenarios for cognitive networks and provides protocol design verification and evaluation over realistic RF channels with digitally controlled channel impulse responses. The CREATE-NEST implementation is distributed with plug-and-play devices running identical codes and scales up seamlessly. Extensive emulation testbed results are provided to verify the CREATE-NEST implementation. C1 [Soltani, Sohraab; Sagduyu, Yalin; Shi, Yi; Li, Jason] Intelligent Automat Inc, Rockville, MD USA. [Feldman, Jared; Matyjas, John] US Air Force Res Lab, RITF, Rome, NY USA. RP Soltani, S (reprint author), Intelligent Automat Inc, Rockville, MD USA. EM ssoltani@i-a-i.com; ysagduyu@i-a-i.com; yshi@i-a-i.com; jli@i-a-i.com; jared.feldman@us.af.mil; john.matyjas@us.af.mil NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-5090-0073-9 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2015 BP 438 EP 443 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BE3YS UT WOS:000371395200074 ER PT S AU Trent, B Pozzo, F Ramanujan, R Riley, R O'Neill, P Banner, C Heinen, G AF Trent, B. Pozzo, F. Ramanujan, R. Riley, R. O'Neill, P. Banner, C. Heinen, G. GP IEEE TI DYNAMICS: Inverse Mission Planning for Dedicated Aerial Communications Platforms SO 2015 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE (MILCOM 2015) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE Annual Military Communications Conference (MILCOM) on Leveraging Technology - The Joint Imperative CY OCT 26-28, 2015 CL Tampa, FL SP IEEE DE Airborne communications; aerial layer network; intelligent networking; mission planning AB The Dynamic Airborne Mission Communication System (DYNAMICS) is an inverse mission planning system for dedicated airborne communications platforms such as BACN. Rather than traditional AF mission planning systems, where planning personnel input mission waypoints manually, DYNAMICS automatically creates optimized flight paths for the dedicated airborne platform based on the locations of radio subscribers, terrain, mission priorities, and other mission-specific factors. DYNAMICS is designed to integrate with existing and future DoD mission planning systems and to insulate mission planners from the complex, multi-disciplinary task of flight planning for this emerging class of dedicated airborne relay platforms. An overview of the system is provided along with details of a proof-of-concept prototype we developed and discussion of some optimized flight paths the system produced. C1 [Trent, B.; Pozzo, F.; Ramanujan, R.] Architecture Technol Corp, Eden Prairie, MN USA. [Riley, R.; O'Neill, P.] Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. [Banner, C.; Heinen, G.] AFLCMC HNAA, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. RP Trent, B (reprint author), Architecture Technol Corp, Eden Prairie, MN USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-5090-0073-9 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2015 BP 762 EP 767 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BE3YS UT WOS:000371395200128 ER PT S AU Ryu, B Ranasinghe, N Shen, WM Turck, K Muccio, M AF Ryu, Bo Ranasinghe, Nadeesha Shen, Wei-Min Turck, Kurt Muccio, Michael GP IEEE TI BioAIR: Bio-inspired Airborne Infrastructure Reconfiguration SO 2015 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE (MILCOM 2015) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE Annual Military Communications Conference (MILCOM) on Leveraging Technology - The Joint Imperative CY OCT 26-28, 2015 CL Tampa, FL SP IEEE DE Ad hoc networks; Command and control systems; Communication networks; Decentralized control; Distributed algorithms; Intelligent Robots; Unmanned Aerial Vehicles; Wireless communication; Wireless sensor networks ID DISTRIBUTED CONTROL AB Maintaining constant communication between mobile entities distributed across a large geographical area is a crucial task for many commercial and military applications. For example when troops are deployed in hostile or sensor deprived environments, maintaining radio contact with a base station would increase the efficiency of coordinating the deployment, yet maintaining communications should not interfere with the primary tasks of these entities. The BioAIR system was developed to coordinate airborne communication nodes such as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) in order to autonomously form and maintain a dynamic communication network. This system draws upon inspirations from biological cell differentiation through hormone based communication to coordinate a swarm of airborne nodes in a distributed manner by mapping the radio signals into digital hormones. BioAIR offers three primary capabilities, namely collaborative communication, sensing and navigation. BioAIR performs collaborative communication by autonomously creating a mobile ad-hoc network. This network connects several designated nodes by strategically positioning other nodes based on the desired communication signal quality between them. BioAIR performs collaborative sensing by autonomously reinforcing critical locations based on network traffic, detecting any damage to the formed network, and self-repairing. Additionally, BioAIR can coordinate the sensing effort of possibly heterogeneous sensors distributed amongst all nodes in the network to form a distributed sensor network. BioAIR performs collaborative navigation by following the motion of designated nodes while maintaining the formed communication network, provided that the nodes can react fast enough. C1 [Ryu, Bo; Ranasinghe, Nadeesha; Shen, Wei-Min] EpiSys Sci Inc, Boulder View Dr Poway, CA 92064 USA. [Turck, Kurt; Muccio, Michael] US Air Force, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Ryu, B (reprint author), EpiSys Sci Inc, Boulder View Dr Poway, CA 92064 USA. EM boryu@episyscience.com; nadeesha@episyscience.com; wmshen@episyscience.com; kurt.turck@us.af.mil; michael.muccio@us.af.mil NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-5090-0073-9 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2015 BP 774 EP 779 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BE3YS UT WOS:000371395200130 ER PT S AU Ryu, B Ranasinghe, N Shen, WM Turck, K Muccio, M AF Ryu, Bo Ranasinghe, Nadeesha Shen, Wei-Min Turck, Kurt Muccio, Michael GP IEEE TI BioAIM: Bio-inspired Autonomous Infrastructure Monitoring SO 2015 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE (MILCOM 2015) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE Annual Military Communications Conference (MILCOM) on Leveraging Technology - The Joint Imperative CY OCT 26-28, 2015 CL Tampa, FL SP IEEE DE Adaptive systems; Cognition; Command and control systems; Communication networks; Intelligent control; Fault detection; Cyber Security; Fault tolerant systems; Unmanned Aerial Vehicles AB The Bio-inspired Autonomous Infrastructure Monitoring (BioAIM) system detects anomalous behavior during the deployment and maintenance of a wireless communication network formed autonomously by unmanned airborne nodes. A node may experience anomalous or unexpected behavior in the presence of hardware/ software faults/failures, or external influence (e.g. natural weather phenomena, enemy threats). This system autonomously detects, reasons with (e.g. differentiates an anomaly from natural interference), and alerts a human operator of anomalies at runtime via a communication network formed by the Bio-inspired Artificial Intelligence Reconfiguration (BioAIR) system. In particular, BioAIM learns and builds a prediction model which describes how data from relevant sensors should change when a behavior executes under normal circumstances. Surprises occur when there are discrepancies between what is predicted and what is observed. BioAIM identifies a dynamic set of states from the prediction model and learns a structured model similar to a Markov Chain in order to quantify the magnitude of a surprise or divergence from the norm using a special similarity metric. While in operation BioAIM monitors the sensor data by testing the applicable models for each valid behavior at regular time intervals, and informs the operator when a similarity metric deviates from the acceptable threshold. C1 [Ryu, Bo] EpiSys Sci, Poway, CA 92064 USA. [Ranasinghe, Nadeesha] EpiSci, Poway, CA USA. [Shen, Wei-Min] Inst Informat Sci, New York, NY USA. [Turck, Kurt; Muccio, Michael] US Air Force, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Ryu, B (reprint author), EpiSys Sci, Poway, CA 92064 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-5090-0073-9 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2015 BP 780 EP 785 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BE3YS UT WOS:000371395200131 ER PT S AU Huang, ZC Corrigan, D Narayanan, S Zhu, T Bentley, E Medley, M AF Huang, Zhichuan Corrigan, David Narayanan, Sandeep Zhu, Ting Bentley, Elizabeth Medley, Michael GP IEEE TI Distributed and Dynamic Spectrum Management in Airborne Networks SO 2015 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE (MILCOM 2015) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE Annual Military Communications Conference (MILCOM) on Leveraging Technology - The Joint Imperative CY OCT 26-28, 2015 CL Tampa, FL SP IEEE ID WIRELESS NETWORKS AB Airborne network plays an important role in operations of Air Force. Due to the rapidly-changing topologies, limited wireless communication spectrum, latency, and priorities of tasks, it is vitally important to have dynamic spectrum management between aircrafts and base station in airborne networks. Particularly, we encounter two major challenges: (1) uncertainty about channel quality, in terms of the long-term channel statistics and real-time channel states; (2) the dynamics and the possibly correlated nature of channel quality of different aircrafts. To address these two challenges, we propose a distributed framework for spectrum management in airborne networks, which includes: 1) channel quality prediction based on correlation of channel quality among aircrafts; 2) task scheduling in the aircraft. With real-world trace data, we conduct extensive experiments. Our simulation results show that our design can effectively optimize the channel utilization in airborne network. C1 [Huang, Zhichuan; Narayanan, Sandeep; Zhu, Ting] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Corrigan, David] SUNY Binghamton, Binghamton, NY USA. [Bentley, Elizabeth; Medley, Michael] US Air Force, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Huang, ZC (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-5090-0073-9 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2015 BP 786 EP 791 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BE3YS UT WOS:000371395200132 ER PT S AU Mroczek, JJ Gans, MJ Joiner, LL AF Mroczek, Janek J. Gans, Michael. J. Joiner, Laurie L. GP IEEE TI Performance of Frequency Hopping D-BLAST MIMO Architecture using LDPC and BPSK SO 2015 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE (MILCOM 2015) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE Annual Military Communications Conference (MILCOM) on Leveraging Technology - The Joint Imperative CY OCT 26-28, 2015 CL Tampa, FL SP IEEE DE Frequency hopping; multiple antennas; multiple input; multiple output; wireless communications AB In this paper we introduce frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) into Diagonal Bell Laboratories Layered Space-Time (D-BLAST) Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) architecture. We evaluate the performance of the system containing a single interference affecting the system with various probabilities and power. An LDPC code and BPSK modulation is used as a test case to obtain message bit error rate and is compared to non-frequency hopping D-BLAST MIMO architecture. C1 [Mroczek, Janek J.; Gans, Michael. J.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Rome, NY 14441 USA. [Joiner, Laurie L.] Univ Alabama, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. RP Mroczek, JJ (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Elect Engn, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. EM janek.mroczek@us.af.mil; michael.gans@us.af.mil; joinerl@uah.edu NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-5090-0073-9 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2015 BP 860 EP 865 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BE3YS UT WOS:000371395200145 ER PT S AU Loyall, J Soule, N Cleveland, J Uszok, A Bunch, L Milligan, J AF Loyall, Joseph Soule, Nathaniel Cleveland, Jeffrey Uszok, Andrzej Bunch, Larry Milligan, James GP IEEE TI A Template Based Approach to Specifying the Information Needs of Military Missions SO 2015 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE (MILCOM 2015) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE Annual Military Communications Conference (MILCOM) on Leveraging Technology - The Joint Imperative CY OCT 26-28, 2015 CL Tampa, FL SP IEEE DE Mission specification; information management; semantic requests; Quality of Service management AB Situational awareness supports mission assurance and requires access to archived and real-time information that is most relevant to the mission being performed, the roles of warfighters, and evolving operational scenarios. Information Management (IM) services support the discovery, brokering, and dissemination of past and future information in support of military missions. They decouple information providers from information consumers as they discover and disseminate information based on information attributes and consumer interests, no matter where, when, or how that information has become available. However, setting up the requests (i.e., subscriptions and queries) to provide situation awareness can be a complex task that requires significant time, expertise, and patience. This paper describes Adaptive Mission Templates (AMT), a prototype graphical environment for defining the information needs of operational missions; generating requests for information, including requests based on dynamic mission context; and specifying the prioritization of information based on mission needs and context. The AMT software has been demonstrated on US Air Force mission scenarios to generate requests and policies enforced by an Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) information broker. C1 [Loyall, Joseph; Soule, Nathaniel] Raytheon BBN Technol, Cambridge, MA USA. [Cleveland, Jeffrey] VMWare, Boston, MA USA. [Uszok, Andrzej; Bunch, Larry] IHMC, Pensacola, FL USA. [Milligan, James] US Air Force, Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. RP Loyall, J (reprint author), Raytheon BBN Technol, Cambridge, MA USA. EM jloyall@bbn.com; nsoule@bbn.com; jkclevel@gmail.com; auszok@ihmc.us; lbunch@ihmc.us; james.milligan.2@us.af.mil NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-5090-0073-9 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2015 BP 895 EP 902 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BE3YS UT WOS:000371395200151 ER PT S AU Mayhew, M Atighetchi, M Adler, A Greenstadt, R AF Mayhew, Michael Atighetchi, Michael Adler, Aaron Greenstadt, Rachel GP IEEE TI Use of Machine Learning in Big Data Analytics for Insider Threat Detection SO 2015 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE (MILCOM 2015) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE Annual Military Communications Conference (MILCOM) on Leveraging Technology - The Joint Imperative CY OCT 26-28, 2015 CL Tampa, FL SP IEEE DE trust; machine learning; usage patterns; documents; email; chat; TCP; HTTP; support vector machine; insider threat; big data AB In current enterprise environments, information is becoming more readily accessible across a wide range of interconnected systems. However, trustworthiness of documents and actors is not explicitly measured, leaving actors unaware of how latest security events may have impacted the trustworthiness of the information being used and the actors involved. This leads to situations where information producers give documents to consumers they should not trust and consumers use information from non-reputable documents or producers. The concepts and technologies developed as part of the Behavior-Based Access Control (BBAC) effort strive to overcome these limitations by means of performing accurate calculations of trustworthiness of actors, e.g., behavior and usage patterns, as well as documents, e.g., provenance and workflow data dependencies. BBAC analyses a wide range of observables for mal-behavior, including network connections, HTTP requests, English text exchanges through emails or chat messages, and edit sequences to documents. The current prototype service strategically combines big data batch processing to train classifiers and real-time stream processing to classifier observed behaviors at multiple layers. To scale up to enterprise regimes, BBAC combines clustering analysis with statistical classification in a way that maintains an adjustable number of classifiers. C1 [Mayhew, Michael] US Air Force, Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. [Atighetchi, Michael; Adler, Aaron] Raytheon BBN Technol, Cambridge, MA USA. [Greenstadt, Rachel] Drexel Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Mayhew, M (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. EM michael.mayhew.1@us.af.mil; matighet@bbn.com; aadler@bbn.com; greenie@cs.drexel.edu NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-5090-0073-9 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2015 BP 915 EP 922 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BE3YS UT WOS:000371395200154 ER PT S AU Rodriguez, M Kwiat, KA Kamhoua, CA AF Rodriguez, Manuel Kwiat, Kevin A. Kamhoua, Charles A. GP IEEE TI Modeling Fault Tolerant Architectures with Design Diversity for Secure Systems SO 2015 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE (MILCOM 2015) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE Annual Military Communications Conference (MILCOM) on Leveraging Technology - The Joint Imperative CY OCT 26-28, 2015 CL Tampa, FL SP IEEE DE fault tolerant architectures; design diversity; security; dependability; modeling ID SOFTWARE AB Modern critical systems are facing an increasingly number of new security risks. Nowadays, the extensive use of third-party components and tools during design, and the massive outsourcing overseas of the implementation and integration of systems parts, augment the chances for the introduction of malicious system alterations along the development lifecycle. In addition, the growing dominance of monocultures in the cyberspace, comprising collections of identical interconnected computer platforms, leads to systems that are subject to the same vulnerabilities and attacks. This is especially important for cyber-physical systems, which interconnect cyberspace with computing resources and physical processes. The application of concepts and principles from design diversity to the development and operation of critical systems can help palliate these emerging security challenges. This paper defines and analyzes models of fault tolerant architectures for secure systems that rely on the use of design diversity. The models are built using minimal extensions to classical architectures according to a set of defined failure classes for secure services. A number of metrics are provided to quantify fault tolerance and performance as a function of design diversity. The architectures are analyzed with respect to the design diversity, and compared based on the undetected failure probability, the number of tolerated and detected failures, and the performance delay. C1 [Rodriguez, Manuel; Kwiat, Kevin A.; Kamhoua, Charles A.] Air Force Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Cyber Assurance Branch, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Rodriguez, M (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Informat Directorate, Cyber Assurance Branch, Rome, NY 13441 USA. EM manuel.rodriguez-moreno.1.ctr@us.af.mil; kevin.kwiat@us.af.mil; charles.kamhoua.1@us.af.mil NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-5090-0073-9 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2015 BP 1254 EP 1263 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BE3YS UT WOS:000371395200210 ER PT S AU Sagduyu, Y Shi, Y Ponnaluri, S Soltani, S Li, J Riley, R AF Sagduyu, Yalin Shi, Yi Ponnaluri, Satya Soltani, Sohraab Li, Jason Riley, Rob GP IEEE TI Optimal Transmission Decisions for Airborne Relay Communications SO 2015 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE (MILCOM 2015) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE Annual Military Communications Conference (MILCOM) on Leveraging Technology - The Joint Imperative CY OCT 26-28, 2015 CL Tampa, FL SP IEEE DE Subscriber planning; airborne relay; transmission optimization; uplink; downlink; relay communications; throughput; channel; traffic; energy AB This paper presents the optimal transmission scheme for a subscriber communicating to/through an airborne relay. This scheme provides situational awareness to each communication subscriber by considering channel variations (predicted offline and estimated in real time from relay signals), data traffic and energy consumption (subject to energy constraints for battery-operated units). The optimal decision on when and at what rate to transmit is made individually by each subscriber to maximize the expected throughput. Both cases of uplink communications (from subscriber to the relay) and relay communications (from a subscriber to the relay and back to another subscriber) are considered. For a given airborne relay orbit/trajectory, a high fidelity channel model is built (using real terrain information) to predict future channel conditions. These predicted channels are combined with instantaneous channel estimation from received signals to calculate signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) and link rate (using analytical waveform models). By using different relay orbits, the optimal transmission decision is compared with SNR threshold-based and channel-independent random transmission schemes, and significant performance gains are demonstrated in terms of sustained data rates for communication subscribers. C1 [Sagduyu, Yalin; Shi, Yi; Ponnaluri, Satya; Soltani, Sohraab; Li, Jason] Intelligent Automat Inc, Rockville, MD USA. [Riley, Rob] US Air Force Res Lab, RITF, Rome, NY USA. RP Sagduyu, Y (reprint author), Intelligent Automat Inc, Rockville, MD USA. EM ysagduyu@i-a-i.com; yshi@i-a-i.com; sponnaluri@i-a-i.com; ssoltani@i-a-i.com; jli@i-a-i.com; robert.riley.12@us.af.mil NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-5090-0073-9 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2015 BP 1685 EP 1690 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BE3YS UT WOS:000371395200279 ER PT S AU Shelton, C Weisman, R AF Shelton, Chris Weisman, Ryan BE Gravseth, IJ TI ANALYSIS OF ASTRODYNAMIC STATE VARIABLE FORMULATIONS SO GUIDANCE, NAVIGATION, AND CONTROL 2015 SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th Annual AAS Rocky Mountain Section Guidance and Control Conference CY JAN 30-FEB 04, 2015 CL Breckenridge, CO AB The orbit of a satellite is usually characterized by position and velocity vectors or by a set of state variables called orbital elements. While the coordinates used to model the system do not change its dynamics, they can induce singularities limiting the orbital motion they can describe. This is especially problematic when generating an optimal trajectory between two points where any type of orbit is allowed. Other formulations can be computationally expensive. As a result, many state variable formulations exist. In this paper, a comparative study is sought to deduce the computational advantages and accuracy of several different state variable formulations, including Cartesian coordinates, classical orbital elements, equinoctial elements and Dromo elements. Accuracy and computational performance will be presented as a function of different orbit types and orbital perturbations. The results of this study will then be used to aid in trajectory optimization and uncertainty propagation studies. C1 [Shelton, Chris] Utah State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, 4130 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Weisman, Ryan] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87116 USA. RP Shelton, C (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, 4130 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-621-0 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2015 VL 154 BP 79 EP 90 PG 12 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BE4FR UT WOS:000371649600007 ER PT S AU Geller, DK Lovell, TA AF Geller, David K. Lovell, T. Alan BE Gravseth, IJ TI ANGLES-ONLY NAVIGATION RANGE OBSERVABILITY DURING ORBITAL RENDEZVOUS AND PROXIMITY OPERATIONS SO GUIDANCE, NAVIGATION, AND CONTROL 2015 SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th Annual AAS Rocky Mountain Section Guidance and Control Conference CY JAN 30-FEB 04, 2015 CL Breckenridge, CO AB This paper focuses on several new recent developments regarding the question of angles-only range observability during orbital rendezvous and proximity operations. In the past, the Cartesian formulation of the Clohessy-Wiltshire equations have been used to study the relative orbital navigation problem. Unfortunately, the natural curvature of the orbit is lost in this formulation and as such the angles-only relative navigation problem appears to be unobservable. In cylindrical coordinates, however, the orbit curvature information is maintained and range observability is confirmed. Even more dramatic is the effect of camera center-of-mass offset on range observability at small separation distances. In this regime, it is shown that the relative position and velocity can be observed and determined from three observations using a simple non-iterative algorithm. Based on these conclusions, an end-to-end angles-only relative navigation architecture encompassing close-in proximity operations, intermediate range rendezvous operations, and long range operations is proposed. C1 [Geller, David K.] Utah State Univ, Mech & Aerosp Engn Dept, 4130 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Lovell, T. Alan] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Geller, DK (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Mech & Aerosp Engn Dept, 4130 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-621-0 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2015 VL 154 BP 739 EP 755 PG 17 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BE4FR UT WOS:000371649600055 ER PT S AU Perez, AC Lovell, TA AF Perez, Alex C. Lovell, T. Alan BE Gravseth, IJ TI NONLINEAR REPRESENTATIONS OF SATELLITE RELATIVE MOTION EQUATIONS USING CURVILINEAR TRANSFORMATIONS SO GUIDANCE, NAVIGATION, AND CONTROL 2015 SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th Annual AAS Rocky Mountain Section Guidance and Control Conference CY JAN 30-FEB 04, 2015 CL Breckenridge, CO AB A novel set of solutions for satellite relative motion is developed using nonlinear transformations from curvilinear coordinate frames. These nonlinear representations capture the curvature of an orbit and the relative dynamics due to the curvilinear nature of the coordinate frame. Nonlinear polynomial approximate solutions are also derived using a 2nd order Taylor series expansion of the nonlinear equations. Example trajectories are generated and compared using the novel set of solutions. These new solutions can be used for many different satellite relative motion applications such as Maneuver/targeting applications and initial relative orbit determination algorithms. C1 [Perez, Alex C.] Utah State Univ, Mech & Aerosp Engn Dept, 4130 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Lovell, T. Alan] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Perez, AC (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Mech & Aerosp Engn Dept, 4130 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-621-0 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2015 VL 154 BP 757 EP 768 PG 12 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Aerospace SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BE4FR UT WOS:000371649600056 ER PT S AU Zagaris, C Baldwin, M Jewison, C Petersen, C AF Zagaris, Costantinos Baldwin, Morgan Jewison, Christopher Petersen, Christopher BE Furfaro, R Cassotto, S Trask, A Zimmer, S TI SURVEY OF SPACECRAFT RENDEZVOUS AND PROXIMITY GUIDANCE ALGORITHMS FOR ON-BOARD IMPLEMENTATION SO SPACEFLIGHT MECHANICS 2015, PTS I-III SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th American-Astronautical-Society/American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY JAN 11-15, 2015 CL Williamsburg, VA SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Space Flight Mech Tech Comm, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Astrodynam Tech Comm ID OPTIMIZATION AB Over the last several years the topic of autonomous spacecraft rendezvous and proximity operations (RPO) has been rapidly gaining interest. Several methods have been presented in literature that enable autonomous RPO trajectory planning. The purpose of this paper is to survey those methods and assess their suitability for on-board implementation. Factors such as optimality, algorithm convergence rate, convergence guarantees, complexity, and computational efficiency will be used to determine which algorithms are best suited for on-board implementation. Finally, the paper will present simulation results of algorithms that have been implemented, and provide recommendations for future work. C1 [Zagaris, Costantinos] US Air Force, Space Vehicles Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. [Baldwin, Morgan] Space Vehicles Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. [Jewison, Christopher] MIT, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Petersen, Christopher] Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Zagaris, C (reprint author), US Air Force, Space Vehicles Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-623-4 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2015 VL 155 BP 131 EP 150 PN I-III PG 20 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BE4FK UT WOS:000371647200009 ER PT S AU Sease, B Flewelling, B AF Sease, Brad Flewelling, Brien BE Furfaro, R Cassotto, S Trask, A Zimmer, S TI GEODETICA: A GENERAL SOFTWARE PLATFORM FOR PROCESSING CONTINUOUS SPACE-BASED IMAGERY SO SPACEFLIGHT MECHANICS 2015, PTS I-III SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th American-Astronautical-Society/American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY JAN 11-15, 2015 CL Williamsburg, VA SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Space Flight Mech Tech Comm, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Astrodynam Tech Comm ID DEBRIS AB In this paper we describe a general tool for detection, tracking, and discrimination of objects in continuous sequences of unresolved space-based imagery. Through the use of Phase Congruency edge detection and a Kalman filter based, multi-hypothesis point tracking framework, this software provides an automated data processing suite for ground- and space-based observers. The architecture is capable of detecting and discriminating space objects from the stellar background with minimal knowledge of the optical system. Here we detail the some of the key algorithms which comprise the GEODETICA pipeline, present simulated verification scenarios, and discuss limitations. C1 [Sease, Brad] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Aerosp & Ocean Engn, 1901 Innovat Dr, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Flewelling, Brien] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Sease, B (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Aerosp & Ocean Engn, 1901 Innovat Dr, Blacksburg, VA USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-623-4 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2015 VL 155 BP 1609 EP 1620 PN I-III PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BE4FK UT WOS:000371647200096 ER PT S AU Sease, B Schmittle, K Flewelling, B AF Sease, Brad Schmittle, Kevin Flewelling, Brien BE Furfaro, R Cassotto, S Trask, A Zimmer, S TI MULTI-OBSERVER RESIDENT SPACE OBJECT DISCRIMINATION AND RANGING SO SPACEFLIGHT MECHANICS 2015, PTS I-III SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th American-Astronautical-Society/American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY JAN 11-15, 2015 CL Williamsburg, VA SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Space Flight Mech Tech Comm, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Astrodynam Tech Comm ID CATALOG AB In this paper we propose a method for using multi-view epipolar geometry to simultaneously discriminate and range resident space objects (RSOs) in the overlapping fields of view of a multi-observer system. This method can be used to identify RSOs from ground- or space-based optical systems. We use the relative location and attitude of the observers to compute the epipolar geometry. The intersections of epipolar lines in each image can then be used to probabilistically associate objects of interest in the set of images. The probability of false associations is quantifiable for multi-sensor configurations, and high certainties can be achieved. C1 [Sease, Brad] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Aerosp & Ocean Engn, 1901 Innovat Dr, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Schmittle, Kevin] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Comp Sci, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Flewelling, Brien] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Sease, B (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Aerosp & Ocean Engn, 1901 Innovat Dr, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-623-4 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2015 VL 155 BP 1621 EP 1632 PN I-III PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BE4FK UT WOS:000371647200097 ER PT S AU Sease, B Flewelling, B AF Sease, Brad Flewelling, Brien BE Furfaro, R Cassotto, S Trask, A Zimmer, S TI POLAR AND SPHERICAL IMAGE TRANSFORMATIONS FOR STAR LOCALIZATION AND RSO DISCRIMINATION SO SPACEFLIGHT MECHANICS 2015, PTS I-III SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th American-Astronautical-Society/American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY JAN 11-15, 2015 CL Williamsburg, VA SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Space Flight Mech Tech Comm, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Astrodynam Tech Comm ID DEBRIS AB Detection and discrimination of resident space objects during long exposures is often complicated by field rotation during the exposure time. This produces "streaked" images, in which an object's size and shape is often dependent on its location in the image. By resampling the original image about the axis of rotation, it is possible to remove the curvature from star streaks and produce an image wherein all star streaks have a uniform geometry. Additionally, streak lengths in the resampled image correspond directly to the magnitude of the field rotation during the exposure. Further, resident space objects (RSOs) in the original image become clearly differentiated from the stellar background. C1 [Sease, Brad] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Aerosp & Ocean Engn, 1901 Innovat Dr, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Flewelling, Brien] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Sease, B (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Aerosp & Ocean Engn, 1901 Innovat Dr, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-623-4 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2015 VL 155 BP 1633 EP 1646 PN I-III PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BE4FK UT WOS:000371647200098 ER PT S AU Jah, MK AF Jah, Moriba K. BE Furfaro, R Cassotto, S Trask, A Zimmer, S TI ASTRODYNAMICS COLLABORATIVE ENVIRONMENT: A STEP TOWARD DATA SHARING AND COLLABORATION VIA THE AIR FORCE RESEARCH LABORATORY SO SPACEFLIGHT MECHANICS 2015, PTS I-III SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th American-Astronautical-Society/American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY JAN 11-15, 2015 CL Williamsburg, VA SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Space Flight Mech Tech Comm, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Astrodynam Tech Comm AB As a result of the National Research Council's "Continuing Kepler's Quest" study, the Air Force Space Command (AFSPC) reinvigorated what is now called the Astrodynamics Innovation Committee (AIC). One of the activities of the AIC is to create and maintain an environment where the global astrodynamics community can have access to various data sets, algorithms, and tools called the Astrodynamics Collaborative Environment (ACE). The Air Force Research Laboratory has been explicitly invoked to create and maintain ACE for AFSPC. A survey was sent to the larger astrodynamics community asking for input into the requirements for ACE. One of the major responses was a desire for actual data to be made available. To this end, an actual data set from a break-up event has been provided and its analyses are the subject of this session. On February 9, 1976, the Landsat 2 Rocket Body (international designator 1975-004B) broke up and eventually 207 separate debris pieces were cataloged. This paper will briefly provide a description of and motivation for the AIC, ACE, and a vision moving forward with what these will be. C1 [Jah, Moriba K.] Air Force Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Jah, MK (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-623-4 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2015 VL 155 BP 1709 EP 1712 PN I-III PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BE4FK UT WOS:000371647200103 ER PT S AU Sinclair, AJ Newman, B Lovell, TA AF Sinclair, Andrew J. Newman, Brett Lovell, T. Alan BE Furfaro, R Cassotto, S Trask, A Zimmer, S TI DECALIBRATION OF LINEARIZED SOLUTIONS FOR SATELLITE RELATIVE MOTION SO SPACEFLIGHT MECHANICS 2015, PTS I-III SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th American-Astronautical-Society/American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY JAN 11-15, 2015 CL Williamsburg, VA SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Space Flight Mech Tech Comm, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Astrodynam Tech Comm ID CIRCULAR ORBIT AB The motion of a deputy satellite relative to a chief satellite can be described with either a Cartesian state or orbital-element differences. The linearized equations of motion for both share an equivalence through the linearized coordinate transformations. Higher-fidelity, analytic, nonlinear approximations for the Cartesian state can be extracted by introducing the nonlinear coordinate transformations. This results in a calibrated solution, which involves linearized propagation of a calibrated initial condition, and a decalibrated solution, where the inverse calibration process is applied to the calibrated solution. Both solutions are shown to have higher accuracy than the linearized solution for the Cartesian state. C1 [Sinclair, Andrew J.] Auburn Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, 211 Davis Hall, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Newman, Brett] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Lovell, T. Alan] US Air Force, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Sinclair, AJ (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, 211 Davis Hall, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-623-4 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2015 VL 155 BP 2067 EP 2076 PN I-III PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BE4FK UT WOS:000371647200125 ER PT S AU Perez, A Lovell, TA Geller, DK Newman, B AF Perez, Alex Lovell, T. Alan Geller, David K. Newman, Brett BE Furfaro, R Cassotto, S Trask, A Zimmer, S TI RELATIVE SATELLITE MOTION SOLUTIONS USING CURVILINEAR COORDINATE FRAMES SO SPACEFLIGHT MECHANICS 2015, PTS I-III SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th American-Astronautical-Society/American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY JAN 11-15, 2015 CL Williamsburg, VA SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Space Flight Mech Tech Comm, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Astrodynam Tech Comm AB A novel set of solutions for satellite relative motion is developed. Using nonlinear transformations from a cylindrical and spherical coordinate frame to a Cartesian coordinate frame, nonlinear satellite relative motion equations can be derived. These nonlinear representations better capture the curvature and relative dynamics of an orbit due to the nature of curvilinear coordinate frames. Approximate solutions are also derived using a 2nd order Taylor series expansion of the nonlinear equations. These 2nd order approximate solutions are compared analytically to the Quadratic Volterra solution. Example trajectories are generated and compared using the novel set of solutions and the Quadratic Volterra solution. These novel solutions can be used for many different satellite relative motion applications such as initial relative orbit determination algorithms and maneuver/targeting applications. C1 [Perez, Alex; Geller, David K.] Utah State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Lovell, T. Alan] US Air Force, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Newman, Brett] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. RP Perez, A (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Logan, UT 84322 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-623-4 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2015 VL 155 BP 2113 EP 2134 PN I-III PG 22 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BE4FK UT WOS:000371647200128 ER PT S AU Newman, B Lovell, TA Pratt, E Duncan, E AF Newman, Brett Lovell, T. Alan Pratt, Ethan Duncan, Eric BE Furfaro, R Cassotto, S Trask, A Zimmer, S TI HYBRID LINEAR-NONLINEAR INITIAL ORBIT DETERMINATION WITH SINGLE ITERATION REFINEMENT FOR RELATIVE MOTION SO SPACEFLIGHT MECHANICS 2015, PTS I-III SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th American-Astronautical-Society/American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY JAN 11-15, 2015 CL Williamsburg, VA SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Space Flight Mech Tech Comm, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Astrodynam Tech Comm AB Application of Volterra theory to the Keplerian circular relative motion initial orbit determination problem has been considered recently. A series of azimuth-elevation angular measurements are coupled through the observation geometry with an analytic second-order three-dimensional solution for relative motion. One recently explored solution strategy to the resulting nonlinear measurement equations reformulates the problem as an equivalent set of linear equations with constraints solved by matrix decomposition and computation of an unknown scale factor. Two strengths of this technique include 1) improved observability (compared to zero observability when using a linear dynamics solution) and 2) sound computational numerics (eigen computations). One deficiency of this technique is the requirement for additional measurements. In the three-dimensional case, only six measurements are needed to directly solve the nonlinear formulation, while twenty-five measurements are necessary in the reformulated equivalent linear problem. Similarly, in the two-dimensional case, requirements are four vs. fourteen. In this paper, a hybrid solution technique is considered where a linear motion solution and only six measurements are used to obtain an initial estimate of the relative (unsealed) state vector. This state vector is then inserted into the unknown scale factor computation process that uses a nonlinear motion solution. Although this hybrid technique tends to improve the state estimation result beyond the purely linear approach, accuracy is still lacking. A single Newton-Raphson iteration refinement step using the nonlinear measurement equations, inserted between the linear and nonlinear state computations, has been found to restore much of the missing accuracy. The purpose of this investigation is to examine a simple modification to the existing strategy to retain initial state estimation accuracy with fewer measurements. C1 [Newman, Brett; Pratt, Ethan] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, ECSB 1317, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Lovell, T. Alan] US Air Force, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Duncan, Eric] Missouri Univ Sci & Tech, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. RP Newman, B (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, ECSB 1317, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-623-4 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2015 VL 155 BP 2149 EP 2168 PN I-III PG 20 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BE4FK UT WOS:000371647200130 ER PT S AU Hebert, LM Sinclair, AJ Lovell, TA AF Hebert, Laura M. Sinclair, Andrew J. Lovell, T. Alan BE Furfaro, R Cassotto, S Trask, A Zimmer, S TI ANGLES-ONLY INITIAL RELATIVE-ORBIT DETERMINATION VIA MANEUVER SO SPACEFLIGHT MECHANICS 2015, PTS I-III SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th American-Astronautical-Society/American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY JAN 11-15, 2015 CL Williamsburg, VA SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Space Flight Mech Tech Comm, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Astrodynam Tech Comm AB For satellite relative motion modeled with linear, Cartesian dynamics, angles-only measurements are not sufficient for initial relative orbit determination, unless one of the satellites is maneuvering. A known, impulsive maneuver by either chief or deputy satellite, along with six total angle measurements, is sufficient to sollie for the initial position and velocity of the deputy satellite. This paper presents an initial relative-orbit determination solution using this type of observability maneuver. The accuracy of the solution is evaluated against the maneuver design, measurement errors, and dynamic modeling errors. C1 [Hebert, Laura M.; Sinclair, Andrew J.] Auburn Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, 211 Davis Hall, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Lovell, T. Alan] US Air Force, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Hebert, LM (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, 211 Davis Hall, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-623-4 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2015 VL 155 BP 2671 EP 2680 PN I-III PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BE4FK UT WOS:000371647200162 ER PT S AU Kaufman, E Lovell, TA Lee, T AF Kaufman, Evan Lovell, T. Alan Lee, Taeyoung BE Furfaro, R Cassotto, S Trask, A Zimmer, S TI NONLINEAR OBSERVABILITY MEASURE FOR RELATIVE ORBIT DETERMINATION WITH ANGLES-ONLY MEASUREMENTS SO SPACEFLIGHT MECHANICS 2015, PTS I-III SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th American-Astronautical-Society/American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY JAN 11-15, 2015 CL Williamsburg, VA SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Space Flight Mech Tech Comm, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Astrodynam Tech Comm ID MODEL-REDUCTION; SYSTEMS; CONTROLLABILITY AB A new nonlinear observability measure is proposed for relative orbit determination when lines-of-sight between satellites are measured only. It corresponds to a generalization of the observability Gramian in linear dynamic systems to the nonlinear relative orbit dynamics represented by the two-body problems. An extended Kalman filter (EKF) is adapted to this problem and is evaluated with various gravitational harmonics and initial orbital determination (IOD) predictions. Extensive results illustrate correspondence between the proposed observability measure with filtering errors. An extensive numerical analysis in realistic scenarios includes satellite propagation of the two-body problem the J(2) perturbation effects. C1 [Kaufman, Evan; Lee, Taeyoung] George Washington Univ, Mech & Aerosp Engn, 801 22nd St NW, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Lovell, T. Alan] US Air Force, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Kaufman, E (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Mech & Aerosp Engn, 801 22nd St NW, Washington, DC 20052 USA. EM evankaufman@gwu.edu; tylee@gwu.edu NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-623-4 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2015 VL 155 BP 2817 EP 2832 PN I-III PG 16 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BE4FK UT WOS:000371647200171 ER PT S AU Petersen, C Leve, F Kolmanovsky, I AF Petersen, Chris Leve, Frederick Kolmanovsky, Ilya BE Furfaro, R Cassotto, S Trask, A Zimmer, S TI HYBRID SWITCHING ATTITUDE CONTROL OF UNDERACTUATED SPACECRAFT SUBJECT TO SOLAR RADIATION PRESSURE SO SPACEFLIGHT MECHANICS 2015, PTS I-III SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th American-Astronautical-Society/American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY JAN 11-15, 2015 CL Williamsburg, VA SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Space Flight Mech Tech Comm, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Astrodynam Tech Comm ID RIGID SPACECRAFT; STABILIZATION AB In this paper, attitude control of an underactuated spacecraft with two control moments is considered. Both the case of two external moments, that can, for instance, be applied by thrusters or two internal moments, that can, for instance, be applied by reaction wheels, are treated. Both problems are known to be challenging, e.g., there exists no smooth or even continuous time-invariant stabilizing feedback law in either of these cases. Our controller is based on a hybrid switching feedback law that exploits an inner-loop controller and an outer-loop controller. The fast inner loop controller tracks periodic reference trajectories while parameters which determine the amplitude of these reference trajectories are adjusted by an outer-loop controller. We demonstrate through simulations on a nonlinear spacecraft attitude dynamics model that this switching feedback law successfully accomplishes rest to-rest reorientation maneuvers, even in the presence of solar radiation pressure disturbance moments or in the case of nonzero total angular momentum. C1 [Petersen, Chris; Kolmanovsky, Ilya] Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Leve, Frederick] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Petersen, C (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM cdpete@umich.edu; AFRL.RVSV@us.af.mil; ilya@umich.edu NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-623-4 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2015 VL 155 BP 3225 EP 3243 PN I-III PG 19 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BE4FK UT WOS:000371647200193 ER PT S AU Murphy, TS Flewelling, B Holzinger, MJ AF Murphy, Timothy S. Flewelling, Brien Holzinger, Marcus J. BE Furfaro, R Cassotto, S Trask, A Zimmer, S TI PARTICLE AND MATCHED FILTERING USING ADMISSIBLE REGIONS SO SPACEFLIGHT MECHANICS 2015, PTS I-III SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th American-Astronautical-Society/American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY JAN 11-15, 2015 CL Williamsburg, VA SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Space Flight Mech Tech Comm, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Astrodynam Tech Comm ID ORBIT DETERMINATION AB The main result to be presented in this paper is a novel matched filter based on orbital mechanics. The matched filter is an image processing technique which allows low signal-to-noise ratio objects to be detected. By using previous orbital knowledge, the matched filter utility can be increased. First, the particle filter implementation will be discussed followed by the implementation of the matched filter. Then a pair of simulation results will be presented, showing the results from the particle filter and matched filter. C1 [Murphy, Timothy S.; Holzinger, Marcus J.] Georgia Inst Technol, Guggenheim Sch Aerosp Engn, North Ave NW, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Flewelling, Brien] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Murphy, TS (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Guggenheim Sch Aerosp Engn, North Ave NW, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-623-4 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2015 VL 155 BP 3343 EP 3357 PN I-III PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BE4FK UT WOS:000371647200200 ER PT S AU Newman, B Lovell, TA Pratt, E Duncan, E AF Newman, Brett Lovell, T. Alan Pratt, Ethan Duncan, Eric BE Furfaro, R Cassotto, S Trask, A Zimmer, S TI QUADRATIC HEXA-DIMENSIONAL SOLUTION FOR RELATIVE ORBIT DETERMINATION - REVISITED SO SPACEFLIGHT MECHANICS 2015, PTS I-III SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th American-Astronautical-Society/American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY JAN 11-15, 2015 CL Williamsburg, VA SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Space Flight Mech Tech Comm, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Astrodynam Tech Comm ID MOTION AB The Keplerian circular relative motion initial orbit determination problem is investigated using an approximate second-order nonlinear closed-form solution for three-dimensional relative motion, based on quadratic Volterra series. Nonlinear line-of-sight measurement equations, which have a special multivariate polynomial structure, are solved by elimination theory and Macaulay resultants. This solution strategy to the orbit determination problem is interpreted as finding the intersection of quadratic surfaces representing the measurement equations in a hexa-dimensional space for the relative initial state variables. The equation set is reformulated as a single resultant polynomial equation, which is then solved with eigen decomposition concepts. Although, previous work presented the problem formulation in three-dimensions, specific details concerning construction of the Macaulay resultant and numerical test cases were only addressed for two-dimensional cases. The subject of this paper is to review the problem and solution framework, and then expand on details for the three-dimensional case. An algorithm to construct the numerator and denominator Macaulay matrices in symbolic form is offered. Numeric three-dimensional examples are presented to assess the performance of the new solution strategy. The requirement for quad-precision math is also addressed. The intent of the study is to expose and discuss any advantages and/or deficiencies of the new solution technique. C1 [Newman, Brett; Pratt, Ethan] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, ECSB 1317, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Lovell, T. Alan] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Duncan, Eric] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. RP Newman, B (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, ECSB 1317, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-623-4 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2015 VL 155 BP 3359 EP 3376 PN I-III PG 18 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BE4FK UT WOS:000371647200201 ER PT S AU Kaufman, E Lovell, TA Lee, T AF Kaufman, Evan Lovell, T. Alan Lee, Taeyoung BE Furfaro, R Cassotto, S Trask, A Zimmer, S TI MINIMUM UNCERTAINTY JPDA FILTER AND COALESCENCE AVOIDANCE PERFORMANCE EVALUATIONS SO SPACEFLIGHT MECHANICS 2015, PTS I-III SE Advances in the Astronautical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th American-Astronautical-Society/American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Space Flight Mechanics Meeting CY JAN 11-15, 2015 CL Williamsburg, VA SP Amer Astronaut Soc, Space Flight Mech Tech Comm, Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Astrodynam Tech Comm ID ASSOCIATION; TRACKING AB Two variations of the joint probabilistic data association filter (JPDAF) are derived and simulated extensively in this paper. First, an analytic solution for an optimal gain that minimizes posterior estimate uncertainty is derived, referred to as the minimum uncertainty JPDAF (MUJPDAF). Second, the coalescence-avoiding optimal JPDAF (C-JPDAF) is derived, which removes coalescence by minimizing a weighted sum of the posterior uncertainty and a measure of similarity between estimated probability densities. Both novel algorithms are tested in much further depth than any prior work to show how the algorithms perform in various scenarios. In particular, the MUJPDAF more accurately tracks objects than the conventional JPDAF in all simulated cases. When coalescence degrades the estimates at too great of a level, and the C-JPDAF is often superior at removing coalescence when its parameters are properly tuned. C1 [Kaufman, Evan; Lee, Taeyoung] George Washington Univ, Mech & Aerosp Engn, 801 22nd St NW, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Lovell, T. Alan] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Kaufman, E (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Mech & Aerosp Engn, 801 22nd St NW, Washington, DC 20052 USA. EM evankaufman@gwu.edu; tylee@gwu.edu NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 978-0-87703-623-4 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 2015 VL 155 BP 3407 EP 3426 PN I-III PG 20 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BE4FK UT WOS:000371647200204 ER PT S AU Chen, HT Zhang, BY Guo, JP Hendrickson, J Nader, N AF Chen, Hou-Tong Zhang, Boyang Guo, Junpeng Hendrickson, Joshua Nader, Nima GP IEEE TI Metasurface Optical Antireflection Coatings SO 2015 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 10-15, 2015 CL San Jose, CA AB We demonstrate a new strategy of optical antireflection coatings employing metasurfaces with designer surface properties in the mid-wave infrared. It has very little requirement on the choice of materials and is scalable to other wavelengths. C1 [Chen, Hou-Tong] Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Zhang, Boyang; Guo, Junpeng] Univ Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Hendrickson, Joshua; Nader, Nima] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Chen, HT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM chenht@lanl.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-968-8 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2015 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE3EW UT WOS:000370627101021 ER PT S AU Guha, S Barnes, JO Gonzalez, LP Schunemann, PG AF Guha, Shekhar Barnes, Jacob O. Gonzalez, Leonel P. Schunemann, Peter G. GP IEEE TI Tunable Second Harmonic Generation of a Continuous-wave CO2 Laser Using 3 mm Thick Orientation Patterned GaAs Crystals in Fan-out and Single-grating-period Configurations SO 2015 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 10-15, 2015 CL San Jose, CA AB We report room temperature frequency doubling of a continuous-wave carbon dioxide laser tuned from 9.26 to 10.65 micrometers using large-aperture OPGaAs crystals (>3 mm thick by >7.5 mm wide) in fan-out and single grating configurations. C1 [Guha, Shekhar; Gonzalez, Leonel P.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Barnes, Jacob O.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH USA. [Schunemann, Peter G.] BAE Corp, Nashua, NH USA. RP Guha, S (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-968-8 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2015 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE3EW UT WOS:000370627102166 ER PT S AU Hendrix, R Deibel, JA Fairchild, SB Maruyama, B Urbas, A Walker, M Brown, D AF Hendrix, Ryan Deibel, Jason A. Fairchild, Steven B. Maruyama, Benji Urbas, Augustine Walker, Mark Brown, Dean GP IEEE TI Laser Assisted Electron Emission from Free Standing Carbon Nanotube Paper SO 2015 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 10-15, 2015 CL San Jose, CA AB Laser assisted electron emission from a free standing, non-aligned carbon nanotube film is observed with low power (<100 mW) continuous wave (785 nm) laser excitation. An increase in emission current by 330 times is realized. C1 [Hendrix, Ryan; Deibel, Jason A.] Wright State Univ, PhD Engn Program, 3640 Colonel Glenn Highway, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Fairchild, Steven B.; Maruyama, Benji; Urbas, Augustine; Walker, Mark] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Brown, Dean] Air Force Res Lab, UES, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hendrix, R (reprint author), Wright State Univ, PhD Engn Program, 3640 Colonel Glenn Highway, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-968-8 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2015 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE3EW UT WOS:000370627101278 ER PT S AU Knarr, SH Howland, GA Schneeloch, J Lum, DJ Howell, JC AF Knarr, Samuel H. Howland, Gregory A. Schneeloch, James Lum, Daniel J. Howell, John C. GP IEEE TI Using Double Compressive Sensing in Simultaneous Imaging of Spatial Entanglement SO 2015 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 10-15, 2015 CL San Jose, CA AB We use compressive sensing in the image and Fourier planes of a spontaneous parametric downconversion source to simultaneously gather the joint position and momentum distributions. We witness entanglement by violating a continuous variable steering inequality. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Knarr, Samuel H.; Schneeloch, James; Lum, Daniel J.; Howell, John C.] Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Howland, Gregory A.] Air Force Res Lab, Griffiss AFB, NY 13441 USA. [Knarr, Samuel H.; Schneeloch, James; Lum, Daniel J.; Howell, John C.] Univ Rochester, Ctr Coherence & Quantum Opt, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. RP Knarr, SH (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. EM sknarr@pas.rochester.edu NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-968-8 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2015 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE3EW UT WOS:000370627100163 ER PT S AU Lancaster, A Cook, G McDaniel, SA Evans, JW Berry, PA Shephard, J Kar, AK AF Lancaster, Adam Cook, Gary McDaniel, Sean A. Evans, Jonathan W. Berry, Patrick A. Shephard, Jonathan Kar, Ajoy K. GP IEEE TI Fe:ZnSe Channel Waveguide Laser Operating at 4122 nm SO 2015 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 10-15, 2015 CL San Jose, CA AB The first demonstration of a waveguide laser in Fe:ZnSe is presented. The waveguide laser produces 49 mW of output power at 4122 nm with a spectral bandwidth of 6 nm FWHM. C1 [Lancaster, Adam; Shephard, Jonathan; Kar, Ajoy K.] Heriot Watt Univ, Inst Photon & Quantum Sci, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland. [Cook, Gary; Evans, Jonathan W.; Berry, Patrick A.] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [McDaniel, Sean A.] Leidos Inc, Beavercreek, OH 45431 USA. RP Lancaster, A (reprint author), Heriot Watt Univ, Inst Photon & Quantum Sci, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland. EM al164@hw.ac.uk NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-968-8 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2015 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE3EW UT WOS:000370627101479 ER PT S AU Poutrina, E Urbas, A AF Poutrina, Ekaterina Urbas, Augustine GP IEEE TI Multipolar analysis of linear and nonlinear unidirectional response from plasmonic dimers SO 2015 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 10-15, 2015 CL San Jose, CA ID SCATTERING; NANOPARTICLES AB We develop the retrieval procedure for linear and nonlinear polarizabilities of plasmonic nanodimers and present examples of unidirectional scattering and nonlinear unidirectional generation from such geometries. Related effective parameters of periodic dimer arrangements are discussed. C1 [Poutrina, Ekaterina; Urbas, Augustine] Air Force Res Labs, 3005 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Poutrina, Ekaterina] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Poutrina, E (reprint author), Air Force Res Labs, 3005 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM ekaterina.poutrina.ctr@us.af.mil NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-968-8 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2015 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE3EW UT WOS:000370627100194 ER PT S AU Schunemann, PG Pomeranz, LA Magarrell, DJ McCarthy, JC Zawilski, KT Zelmon, DE AF Schunemann, Peter G. Pomeranz, Leonard A. Magarrell, Daniel J. McCarthy, John C. Zawilski, Kevin T. Zelmon, David E. GP IEEE TI 1064-nm-pumped mid-infrared optical parametric oscillator based on orientation-patterned gallium phosphide (OP-GaP) SO 2015 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 10-15, 2015 CL San Jose, CA ID SUBLATTICE REVERSAL; EPITAXY AB The first 1064-nm-pumped OP-GaP OPO was successfully demonstrated. A Q-switched Nd:YVO4 laser (similar to 1W, 3.3ns, 10kHz) pumped OP-GaP (16.5-mm-long, 20.8-micron grating period) yielded temperature-tunable signal and idler output wavelengths of 1385-1361 nm and 4591-4876 nm respectively. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Schunemann, Peter G.; Pomeranz, Leonard A.; Magarrell, Daniel J.; McCarthy, John C.; Zawilski, Kevin T.] BAE Syst Inc, MER15-1813,POB 868, Nashua, NH 03061 USA. [Zelmon, David E.] US Air Force Res Lab, AFRL RXAP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Schunemann, PG (reprint author), BAE Syst Inc, MER15-1813,POB 868, Nashua, NH 03061 USA. EM peter.g.schunemann@baesystems.com; david.zelmon@wpafb.af.mil NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-968-8 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2015 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE3EW UT WOS:000370627103016 ER PT S AU Slagle, JE Haus, JW Guha, S McLean, DG Krein, DM AF Slagle, Jonathan E. Haus, Joseph W. Guha, Shekhar McLean, Daniel G. Krein, Douglas M. GP IEEE TI Frequency degenerate two-beam coupling in organic media using a single nanosecond pump SO 2015 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY MAY 10-15, 2015 CL San Jose, CA AB We present degenerate two-beam coupling in a organic dye solution using a single nanosecond beam where the probe originates from a Fresnel reflection and the phase and frequency shifts are the result of transient self-phase modulation. C1 [Slagle, Jonathan E.; Guha, Shekhar; McLean, Daniel G.; Krein, Douglas M.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Slagle, Jonathan E.; Haus, Joseph W.] Univ Dayton, Electroopt Program, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Slagle, Jonathan E.; McLean, Daniel G.] Leidos Inc, Beavercreek, OH 45431 USA. [Krein, Douglas M.] Gen Dynam Informat Technol, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. RP Slagle, JE (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Jonathan.Slagle.1.ctr@us.af.mil NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-968-8 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2015 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE3EW UT WOS:000370627101055 ER PT S AU Liu, CC Yan, BN Yang, CF Song, LH Li, Z Liu, BY Chen, YR Li, H Wu, Q Jiang, H AF Liu, Chenchen Yan, Bonan Yang, Chaofei Song, Linghao Li, Zheng Liu, Beiye Chen, Yiran Li, Hai Wu, Qing Jiang, Hao GP IEEE TI A Spiking Neuromorphic Design with Resistive Crossbar SO 2015 52ND ACM/EDAC/IEEE DESIGN AUTOMATION CONFERENCE (DAC) SE Design Automation Conference DAC LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 52nd ACM/EDAC/IEEE Design Automation Conference (DAC) CY JUN 08-12, 2015 CL New York, NY SP ACM, EDAC, IEEE AB Neuromorphic systems recently gained increasing attention for their high computation efficiency. Many designs have been proposed and realized with traditional CMOS technology or emerging devices. In this work, we proposed a spiking neuromorphic design built on resistive crossbar structures and implemented with IBM 130nm technology. Our design adopts a rate coding scheme where pre- and post-neuron signals are represented by digitalized pulses. The weighting function of pre- neuron signals is executed on the resistive crossbar in analog format. The computing result is transferred into digitalized output spikes via an integrate-and-fire circuit (IFC) as the post-neuron. We calibrated the computation accuracy of the entire system through circuit simulations. The results demonstrated a good match to our analytic modeling. Furthermore, we implemented both feedforward and Hopfield networks by utilizing the proposed neuromorphic design. The system performance and robustness were studied through massive Monte-Carlo simulations based on the application of digital image recognition. Comparing to the previous crossbar-based computing engine that represents data with voltage amplitude, our design can achieve >50% energy savings, while the average probability of failed recognition increase only 1.46% and 5.99% in the feedforward and Hopfield implementations, respectively. C1 [Liu, Chenchen; Yan, Bonan; Yang, Chaofei; Song, Linghao; Li, Zheng; Liu, Beiye; Chen, Yiran; Li, Hai] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Wu, Qing] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Jiang, Hao] San Francisco State Univ, Sch Engn, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Liu, CC (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. EM chl192@pitt.edu; boy12@pitt.edu; chy61@pitt.edu; lis75@pitt.edu; zhl85@pitt.edu; bel34@pitt.edu; qing.wu.2@us.af.mil; jianghao@sfsu.edu NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 0738-100X BN 978-1-4503-3520-1 J9 DES AUT CON PY 2015 DI 10.1145/2744769.2744783 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BE2YD UT WOS:000370268400014 ER PT S AU Cao, YC AF Cao, Yongcan GP IEEE TI Consensus of Multi-agent Systems with State Constraints: A Unified View of Opinion Dynamics and Containment Control SO 2015 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE (ACC) SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference CY JUL 01-03, 2015 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Automat Control Council, IFAC, Adaptics Inc, Altair, dSPACE, Eaton Corp, Elsevier, Int Journal Automat & Comp, Journal Franklin Inst, Plexim Inc, Soc Ind & Appl Math, Springer, CRC Press Taylor & Francis Grp Cogent OA, United Technologies Res Ctr, Wiley, Boeing, Ford Motor Co, GE Global Res, Honeywell, MathWorks, Mitsubishi Elect Res Lab, Quanser ID COORDINATION; ALGORITHMS; NETWORKS; OPTIMIZATION; AGENTS AB This paper focuses on the study of consensus for a team of agents with continuous dynamics in the presence of state constraints. Due to the existence of state constraints, most existing consensus algorithms cannot be applied directly and thus a novel consensus algorithm is proposed to deal with state constraints. The novel consensus algorithm is shown to guarantee consensus when a few conditions are satisfied. Then we study opinion dynamics for a team of stubborn agents. By introducing virtual agents appropriately, it is shown that the study of opinion dynamics for stubborn agents can be reformulated as consensus for cooperative agents in the presence of state constraints. Such a formulation is similar to the existing study on containment control with stationary leaders. Based on the existing results from containment control literature, the final team opinions can be derived efficiently. Finally, a generalized opinion evolution problem is considered when agents are stubborn and have state constraints. Some upper and lower bounds of the team's final opinions are obtained by using the comparison lemma. C1 [Cao, Yongcan] Air Force Res Lab, Control Sci Ctr Excellence, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Cao, YC (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Control Sci Ctr Excellence, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. OI Cao, Yongcan/0000-0003-3383-0185 NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4799-8684-2 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2015 BP 1439 EP 1444 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BE2YC UT WOS:000370259201085 ER PT S AU Fravolini, ML Yucelen, T Muse, J Valigi, P AF Fravolini, Mario Luca Yucelen, Tansel Muse, Jonathan Valigi, Paolo GP IEEE TI Analysis and design of adaptive control systems with unmodeled input dynamics via multiobjective convex optimization SO 2015 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE (ACC) SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference CY JUL 01-03, 2015 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Automat Control Council, IFAC, Adaptics Inc, Altair, dSPACE, Eaton Corp, Elsevier, Int Journal Automat & Comp, Journal Franklin Inst, Plexim Inc, Soc Ind & Appl Math, Springer, CRC Press Taylor & Francis Grp Cogent OA, United Technologies Res Ctr, Wiley, Boeing, Ford Motor Co, GE Global Res, Honeywell, MathWorks, Mitsubishi Elect Res Lab, Quanser ID NONLINEAR-SYSTEMS; NEURAL-CONTROL; PERFORMANCE AB A challenging problem for adaptive control systems is the accurate characterization of the transient response in the presence of dynamic uncertainties such as a partially known actuator. Considering an actuator modelled as a first order filter with an uncertain control effectiveness and using a projection mechanism for parameters adaptation, we show that the tracking error dynamics behaves as a linear system perturbed by bounded uncertainties. This brings the advantage that the stability analysis can be cast in terms of LMIs so that convex optimization tools can be used for analysis and design. In this framework we propose a mixed linear/ adaptive control strategy whose parameters are computed via a convex multiobjective optimization in order to ensure, at the same time, the evolution of the error within a minimal size invariant set, while the added linear gain is minimized. A Numerical example is provided to demonstrate the efficacy of the method. C1 [Fravolini, Mario Luca; Valigi, Paolo] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Ingn, Via G Duranti 93, I-06125 Perugia, Italy. [Yucelen, Tansel] Missuri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. [Muse, Jonathan] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Fravolini, ML (reprint author), Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Ingn, Via G Duranti 93, I-06125 Perugia, Italy. EM mario.fravolini@unipg.it; yucelen@mst.edu; jonathan.muse.2@us.af.mil; paolo.valigi@unipg.it NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4799-8684-2 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2015 BP 1579 EP 1584 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BE2YC UT WOS:000370259201108 ER PT S AU Goodyear, A Petersen, C Pierre, J Zagaris, C Baldwin, M Kolmanovsky, I AF Goodyear, Andrew Petersen, Christopher Pierre, Jean Zagaris, Costantinos Baldwin, Morgan Kolmanovsky, Ilya GP IEEE TI Hardware Implementation of Model Predictive Control for Relative Motion Maneuvering SO 2015 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE (ACC) SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference CY JUL 01-03, 2015 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Automat Control Council, IFAC, Adaptics Inc, Altair, dSPACE, Eaton Corp, Elsevier, Int Journal Automat & Comp, Journal Franklin Inst, Plexim Inc, Soc Ind & Appl Math, Springer, CRC Press Taylor & Francis Grp Cogent OA, United Technologies Res Ctr, Wiley, Boeing, Ford Motor Co, GE Global Res, Honeywell, MathWorks, Mitsubishi Elect Res Lab, Quanser AB In this paper, a Model Predictive Controller (MPC) is experimentally implemented on a robotic test-bed. The test-bed is designed to emulate spacecraft relative motion maneuvers and reflects realistic computational hardware limitations (i.e., limited on-board computational power and memory), which present serious obstacles to implementation of advanced guidance and control algorithms. Both simulation results and experimental results are presented and compared, demonstrating that autonomous constrained maneuvering using MPC is feasible for on-board implementation. C1 [Goodyear, Andrew] Penn State Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Petersen, Christopher; Kolmanovsky, Ilya] Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Pierre, Jean; Zagaris, Costantinos] US Air Force, Space Vehicles Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. [Baldwin, Morgan] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Goodyear, A (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4799-8684-2 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2015 BP 2311 EP 2316 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BE2YC UT WOS:000370259202066 ER PT S AU Ramirez-Paredes, JP Doucette, EA Curtis, JW Gans, NR AF Ramirez-Paredes, J. -P. Doucette, E. A. Curtis, J. W. Gans, N. R. GP IEEE TI Urban Target Search and Tracking Using a UAV and Unattended Ground Sensors SO 2015 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE (ACC) SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference CY JUL 01-03, 2015 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Automat Control Council, IFAC, Adaptics Inc, Altair, dSPACE, Eaton Corp, Elsevier, Int Journal Automat & Comp, Journal Franklin Inst, Plexim Inc, Soc Ind & Appl Math, Springer, CRC Press Taylor & Francis Grp Cogent OA, United Technologies Res Ctr, Wiley, Boeing, Ford Motor Co, GE Global Res, Honeywell, MathWorks, Mitsubishi Elect Res Lab, Quanser ID OF-SEQUENCE MEASUREMENTS; PARTICLE FILTERS; AIR VEHICLES; NETWORKS AB We present a framework to search for and track a target within an urban environment by fusing data from an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle and Unattended Ground Sensors. The target and UAV are restricted to a road network modeled as a directed graph with the ground sensors deployed along selected edges. The UAV is equipped with an onboard camera capable of detecting the target, and it is guided by an information-theoretic planner that uses a particle filter estimate of the target state as its input. We introduce a method to process out-of-sequence measurements that exploits the time-sparseness of the UGS readings to reduce the computational complexity. Finally, we present simulation results on real road networks that show the target tracking performance and the gains in computation time of our approach. C1 [Ramirez-Paredes, J. -P.; Gans, N. R.] Univ Texas Dallas, Dept Elect Engn, Richardson, TX 75080 USA. [Doucette, E. A.; Curtis, J. W.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL USA. RP Ramirez-Paredes, JP (reprint author), Univ Texas Dallas, Dept Elect Engn, Richardson, TX 75080 USA. EM jxr115530@itdallas.edu; emily.doucette@us.af.mil; jess.curtis@us.af.mil; ngans@itdallas.edu NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4799-8684-2 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2015 BP 2401 EP 2407 PG 7 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BE2YC UT WOS:000370259202081 ER PT S AU Dickinson, B Nivison, S Hart, A Hung, C Bialy, B Stockhridge, S AF Dickinson, Benjamin Nivison, Scott Hart, Adam Hung, Chiung Bialy, Brendan Stockhridge, Sharon GP IEEE TI Robust and Adaptive Control of a Rocket Boosted Missile SO 2015 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE (ACC) SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference CY JUL 01-03, 2015 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Automat Control Council, IFAC, Adaptics Inc, Altair, dSPACE, Eaton Corp, Elsevier, Int Journal Automat & Comp, Journal Franklin Inst, Plexim Inc, Soc Ind & Appl Math, Springer, CRC Press Taylor & Francis Grp Cogent OA, United Technologies Res Ctr, Wiley, Boeing, Ford Motor Co, GE Global Res, Honeywell, MathWorks, Mitsubishi Elect Res Lab, Quanser AB This paper is an exposition on the design of robust observer-based adaptive autopilots for aerospace systems. Using a rocket boosted missile as an example, we will discuss systematic design principles to meet closed-loop autopilot robustness and performance criteria. The controller consists of decoupled lateral and longitudinal linear gain scheduled optimal baseline designs with servomechanism acceleration tracking and observer-based adaptive augmentation. We will demonstrate improved robustness with observer-based adaption to various uncertainties including significant discrepancies in aerodynamic coefficients, center of gravity shifts, and actuator failures. These results support the practicality of observer-based adaptive output feedback laws for the control design of uncertain aerodynamic systems. C1 [Dickinson, Benjamin; Hart, Adam; Bialy, Brendan; Stockhridge, Sharon] US Air Force, Res Lab, Weapon Dynam & Controls Sci Branch, Eglin AFB, FL USA. [Nivison, Scott] Univ Florida, Elect Engn, Gainesville, FL USA. [Hung, Chiung] Bevilacqua Res Corp, Huntsville, AL USA. RP Dickinson, B (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Weapon Dynam & Controls Sci Branch, Eglin AFB, FL USA. EM benjamin.dickinson.1@us.af.mil NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4799-8684-2 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2015 BP 2520 EP 2532 PG 13 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BE2YC UT WOS:000370259202100 ER PT S AU Pham, KD AF Pham, Khanh D. GP IEEE TI Distributed Reverse-Link Power Controls in Wireless Networks: Performance Risk Aversion and Person-by-Person Equilibrium SO 2015 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE (ACC) SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference CY JUL 01-03, 2015 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Automat Control Council, IFAC, Adaptics Inc, Altair, dSPACE, Eaton Corp, Elsevier, Int Journal Automat & Comp, Journal Franklin Inst, Plexim Inc, Soc Ind & Appl Math, Springer, CRC Press Taylor & Francis Grp Cogent OA, United Technologies Res Ctr, Wiley, Boeing, Ford Motor Co, GE Global Res, Honeywell, MathWorks, Mitsubishi Elect Res Lab, Quanser ID LINEAR-SYSTEMS; STABILIZATION AB This paper highlights the challenges of distributed reverse-link power controls under signal-to-interference-plusnoise ratio constraints. A class of wireless networks considered here is consisted of multiple sources, multiple relays, and a single destination. Power measurement reports are subject to quantization errors, observation noises, and transport delays in the forward links. In effect, the search for a minimal tuple of distributed power command policies, which ensure optimal mean-risk aware performance indices, is restricted to a personby- person equilibrium. Towards closed-loop performance reliability, self-directed user terminals are capable of incorporating risk-averse attitudes in transmit power allocations in accordance of near-far field issues and multi-access interferences. C1 [Pham, Khanh D.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Pham, KD (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM AFRL.RVSV@kirtland.af.mil NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4799-8684-2 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2015 BP 2715 EP 2722 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BE2YC UT WOS:000370259202133 ER PT S AU Flynn, M Leve, F Petersen, C Kolmanovsky, I AF Flynn, Molly Leve, Frederick Petersen, Christopher Kolmanovsky, Ilya GP IEEE TI Linear Control of Underactuated Spacecraft with Two Reaction Wheels Made Feasible by Solar Radiation Pressure SO 2015 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE (ACC) SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference CY JUL 01-03, 2015 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Automat Control Council, IFAC, Adaptics Inc, Altair, dSPACE, Eaton Corp, Elsevier, Int Journal Automat & Comp, Journal Franklin Inst, Plexim Inc, Soc Ind & Appl Math, Springer, CRC Press Taylor & Francis Grp Cogent OA, United Technologies Res Ctr, Wiley, Boeing, Ford Motor Co, GE Global Res, Honeywell, MathWorks, Mitsubishi Elect Res Lab, Quanser ID STABILIZATION; SYSTEMS AB This paper describes a method of recovering linear controllability of an underactuated spacecraft by accounting for the effects of solar radiation pressure (SRP) in the spacecraft attitude dynamics model. The developments are based on a spacecraft model with a four wheel reaction wheel array of which two wheels have failed and two wheels are functioning. The model for SRP torque as a function of spacecraft attitude is incorporated into the state-space description of the system. Under suitable assumptions, the linearization of the underacted spacecraft model (with SRP effects included) is shown to be linearly controllable. This conclusion is exploited to define a novel approach for handling reaction wheel failures based on conventional Linear Quadratic (LQ) controllers. The results of the linear and non-linear simulations illustrate the ability to recover pointing by controlling two functioning reaction wheels while two other wheels undergo subsequent failures. C1 [Flynn, Molly; Petersen, Christopher; Kolmanovsky, Ilya] Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Leve, Frederick] Space Vehicles Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Flynn, M (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM molrflynn@gmail.com; AFRL.RVSV@us.af.mil; cdpete@umich.edu; ilya@umich.edu NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4799-8684-2 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2015 BP 3193 EP 3198 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BE2YC UT WOS:000370259203047 ER PT S AU Garcia, E Casbeer, DW Pachter, M AF Garcia, Eloy Casbeer, David W. Pachter, Meir GP IEEE TI Active Target Defense Differential Game with a Fast Defender SO 2015 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE (ACC) SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference CY JUL 01-03, 2015 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Automat Control Council, IFAC, Adaptics Inc, Altair, dSPACE, Eaton Corp, Elsevier, Int Journal Automat & Comp, Journal Franklin Inst, Plexim Inc, Soc Ind & Appl Math, Springer, CRC Press Taylor & Francis Grp Cogent OA, United Technologies Res Ctr, Wiley, Boeing, Ford Motor Co, GE Global Res, Honeywell, MathWorks, Mitsubishi Elect Res Lab, Quanser ID AIRCRAFT PROTECTION; HOMING MISSILE; MOVING TARGET; STRATEGIES; GUIDANCE; PURSUIT AB This paper addresses the active target defense differential game where an Attacker missile pursues a Target aircraft. A Defender missile is fired by the Target's wingman in order to intercept the Attacker before it reaches the aircraft. Thus, a team is formed by the Target and the Defender which cooperate to maximize the distance between the Target aircraft and the point where the Attacker missile is intercepted by the Defender missile, while the Attacker tries to minimize said distance. The results shown here extend previous work. We consider here the case where the Defender is faster than the Attacker. The solution to this differential game provides optimal heading angles for the Target and the Defender team to maximize the terminal separation between Target and Attacker and it also provides the optimal heading angle for the Attacker to minimize the said distance. C1 [Garcia, Eloy; Casbeer, David W.] Air Force Res Lab, Control Sci Ctr Excellence, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Pachter, Meir] Air Force Inst Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Garcia, E (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Control Sci Ctr Excellence, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM elgarcia@infoscitex.com; david.casbeer@us.af.mil; meir.pachter@afit.edu NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4799-8684-2 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2015 BP 3752 EP 3757 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BE2YC UT WOS:000370259203136 ER PT S AU Yucelen, T Gruenwald, B Muse, JA De La Torre, G AF Yucelen, Tansel Gruenwald, Benjamin Muse, Jonathan A. De La Torre, Gerardo GP IEEE TI Adaptive Control with Nonlinear Reference Systems SO 2015 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE (ACC) SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference CY JUL 01-03, 2015 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Automat Control Council, IFAC, Adaptics Inc, Altair, dSPACE, Eaton Corp, Elsevier, Int Journal Automat & Comp, Journal Franklin Inst, Plexim Inc, Soc Ind & Appl Math, Springer, CRC Press Taylor & Francis Grp Cogent OA, United Technologies Res Ctr, Wiley, Boeing, Ford Motor Co, GE Global Res, Honeywell, MathWorks, Mitsubishi Elect Res Lab, Quanser ID UNCERTAIN SYSTEMS AB Although reference systems with linear dynamics are common in the adaptive control literature, they can lead to limitations on the achievable closed-loop dynamical system performance. This is due to the fact that linear reference systems can only approximate the desired closed-loop behavior of nonlinear dynamical systems in narrow regions of the state-space. In this paper, we study a new adaptive control architecture for uncertain dynamical systems based on a nonlinear reference system. It is shown that the system error between the uncertain dynamical system and the nonlinear reference system asymptotically vanishes in steady-state, and its performance is guaranteed during the transient-time. Two illustrative numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed methodology. C1 [Yucelen, Tansel; Gruenwald, Benjamin] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Mech & Aerosp Engn Dept, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. [Muse, Jonathan A.] Air Force Res Lab, Autonomous Control Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [De La Torre, Gerardo] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Aerosp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Yucelen, T (reprint author), Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Mech & Aerosp Engn Dept, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. EM yucelen@mst.edu; bg8t2@mst.edu; jonathan.muse.2@us.af.mil; glt3@gatech.edu NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4799-8684-2 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2015 BP 3986 EP 3991 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BE2YC UT WOS:000370259204014 ER PT S AU Krishnamoorthy, K Casbeer, D Pachter, M AF Krishnamoorthy, K. Casbeer, D. Pachter, M. GP IEEE TI Pursuit on a Graph Using Partial Information SO 2015 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE (ACC) SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference CY JUL 01-03, 2015 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Automat Control Council, IFAC, Adaptics Inc, Altair, dSPACE, Eaton Corp, Elsevier, Int Journal Automat & Comp, Journal Franklin Inst, Plexim Inc, Soc Ind & Appl Math, Springer, CRC Press Taylor & Francis Grp Cogent OA, United Technologies Res Ctr, Wiley, Boeing, Ford Motor Co, GE Global Res, Honeywell, MathWorks, Mitsubishi Elect Res Lab, Quanser AB The optimal control of a "blind" pursuer searching for an evader moving on a road network and heading at a known speed toward a set of goal vertices is considered. To aid the pursuer, certain roads in the network have been instrumented with Unattended Ground Sensors (UGSs) that detect the evader's passage. When the pursuer arrives at an instrumented node, the UGS therein informs the pursuer if and when the evader visited the node. The pursuer's motion is not restricted to the road network. In addition, the pursuer can choose to wait/loiter for an arbitrary time at any UGS location/node. At time 0, the evader passes by an entry node on his way towards one of the exit nodes. The pursuer also arrives at this entry node after some delay and is thus informed about the presence of the intruder/evader in the network, whereupon the chase is on-the pursuer is tasked with capturing the evader. Because the pursuer is blind, capture entails the pursuer and evader being collocated at an UGS location. If this happens, the UGS is triggered and this information is instantaneously relayed to the pursuer, thereby enabling capture. On the other hand, if the evader reaches one of the exit nodes without being captured, he is deemed to have escaped. We provide an algorithm that computes the maximum initial delay at the entry node for which capture is guaranteed. The algorithm also returns the corresponding optimal pursuit policy. C1 [Krishnamoorthy, K.] InfoSciTex Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Casbeer, D.] Air Force Res Lab, Autonomous Control Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Pachter, M.] Air Force Inst Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Krishnamoorthy, K (reprint author), InfoSciTex Corp, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. EM krishnak@ucla.edu NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4799-8684-2 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2015 BP 4269 EP 4275 PG 7 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BE2YC UT WOS:000370259204062 ER PT S AU Rattan, KS Clark, MA Hoffman, JA AF Rattan, Kuldip S. Clark, Matthew A. Hoffman, Jonathan A. GP IEEE TI Design and Analysis of a Multistage Fuzzy PID Controller SO 2015 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE (ACC) SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference CY JUL 01-03, 2015 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Automat Control Council, IFAC, Adaptics Inc, Altair, dSPACE, Eaton Corp, Elsevier, Int Journal Automat & Comp, Journal Franklin Inst, Plexim Inc, Soc Ind & Appl Math, Springer, CRC Press Taylor & Francis Grp Cogent OA, United Technologies Res Ctr, Wiley, Boeing, Ford Motor Co, GE Global Res, Honeywell, MathWorks, Mitsubishi Elect Res Lab, Quanser ID SYSTEMS AB Classical PID controllers remain one of the simplest, most effective, robust, and easily certifiable control strategies. However, this simplicity comes with a price. Design tradeoffs between integral and derivative gain in a linear PID controller often make it difficult to achieve optimal performance. For example, increasing the integral term to reduce steady-state error causes undesired behavior during the transient phase of the system response. Intuitively, the integral term should only be active during the steady-state portion of the response to either reduce or eliminate the steady-state error. This can be achieved by implementing a switching multistage PID controller that consists of a first stage PD controller followed by a second stage PI controller. Difficulty arises in designing the switching circuit to appropriately engage the integral controller without jeopardizing stability. It has been shown that a fuzzy logic PD controller is able to reduce the steady-state error while maintaining the speed and damping of the system. However, like the classical counterpart, a fuzzy PD controller can not completely eliminate the error. To eliminate this error, the design of a multistage fuzzy PID controller is presented in this paper. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the fuzzy PID controller in removing the steady-state error while maintaining the speed and stability of the system. Finally, fuzzy control systems have not been widely accepted by the control community due to lack of systematic stability analysis. To address this concern, this paper demonstrates some preliminary work, using simulation aided formal analysis to derive the global stability region of fuzzy based Hybrid System. C1 [Rattan, Kuldip S.] Wright State Univ, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Clark, Matthew A.; Hoffman, Jonathan A.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Rattan, KS (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. EM kuldip.rattan@wright.edu; matthew.clark.20@us.af.mil; jonathan.hoffman.2@us.af.mil NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4799-8684-2 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2015 BP 5726 EP 5731 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BE2YC UT WOS:000370259205136 ER PT S AU Wang, XF Garcia, E Kingston, D Casbeer, D AF Wang, Xiaofeng Garcia, Eloy Kingston, Derek Casbeer, David GP IEEE TI Consensus-Based Simultaneous Arrival of Multiple UAVs with Constrained Velocity SO 2015 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE (ACC) SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference CY JUL 01-03, 2015 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Automat Control Council, IFAC, Adaptics Inc, Altair, dSPACE, Eaton Corp, Elsevier, Int Journal Automat & Comp, Journal Franklin Inst, Plexim Inc, Soc Ind & Appl Math, Springer, CRC Press Taylor & Francis Grp Cogent OA, United Technologies Res Ctr, Wiley, Boeing, Ford Motor Co, GE Global Res, Honeywell, MathWorks, Mitsubishi Elect Res Lab, Quanser ID MULTIAGENT COORDINATION; COOPERATIVE CONTROL; NETWORKS; VEHICLES; DELAYS AB A critical requirement in the consensus-based simultaneous arrival problem is that consensus on the ETA must be achieved before any actual arrivals. Thus, the convergence rate of the consensus algorithm is important. When velocity constraints exist, however, finding the convergence rate of continuous-time algorithms is challenging. To address constrained consensus, we present a continuous-time projection-based consensus protocol for UAVs to achieve an agreement on the ETA. We show the epsilon-convergence of the constrained consensus algorithm and derive the convergence rate. Based on these results, a sufficient condition is provided that guarantees the feasibility for simultaneous arrival, in terms of the length of the paths as well as the UAVs' minimal and maximal velocity. C1 [Wang, Xiaofeng] Univ S Carolina, Dept Elect Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Garcia, Eloy] Infoscitex Corp, Littleton, MA USA. [Garcia, Eloy; Kingston, Derek; Casbeer, David] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wang, XF (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Elect Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM wangxi@cec.sc.edu NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4799-8684-2 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2015 BP 5732 EP 5737 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BE2YC UT WOS:000370259205137 ER PT S AU Garcia, E Cao, YC Wang, XF Casbeer, DW AF Garcia, Eloy Cao, Yongcan Wang, Xiaofeng Casbeer, David W. GP IEEE TI Decentralized Event-Triggered Consensus of Linear Multi-agent Systems under Directed Graphs SO 2015 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE (ACC) SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference CY JUL 01-03, 2015 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Automat Control Council, IFAC, Adaptics Inc, Altair, dSPACE, Eaton Corp, Elsevier, Int Journal Automat & Comp, Journal Franklin Inst, Plexim Inc, Soc Ind & Appl Math, Springer, CRC Press Taylor & Francis Grp Cogent OA, United Technologies Res Ctr, Wiley, Boeing, Ford Motor Co, GE Global Res, Honeywell, MathWorks, Mitsubishi Elect Res Lab, Quanser ID AVERAGE CONSENSUS; SYNCHRONIZATION; COMMUNICATION; NETWORKS; STABILITY; DELAYS AB An event-triggered control technique for consensus of multi-agent systems with general linear dynamics is presented. This paper extends previous work to consider agents that are connected using directed graphs. Additionally, the approach shown here provides asymptotic consensus with guaranteed positive inter-event time intervals. This event-triggered control method is also used in the case where communication delays are present. For the communication delay case we also show that the agents achieve consensus asymptotically and that, for every agent, the time intervals between consecutive transmissions is lower-bounded by a positive constant. C1 [Garcia, Eloy] Infoscitex Corp, Littleton, MA 01460 USA. [Garcia, Eloy; Cao, Yongcan; Casbeer, David W.] Air Force Res Lab, Control Sci Ctr Excellence, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Wang, Xiaofeng] Univ S Carolina, Dept Elect Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Garcia, E (reprint author), Infoscitex Corp, Littleton, MA 01460 USA. EM elgarcia@infoscitex.com OI Cao, Yongcan/0000-0003-3383-0185 NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4799-8684-2 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2015 BP 5764 EP 5769 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BE2YC UT WOS:000370259205142 ER PT S AU Blasch, E AF Blasch, Erik GP IEEE TI ONTOLOGIES FOR NEXTGEN AVIONICS SYSTEMS SO 2015 IEEE/AIAA 34TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 34th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) CY SEP 13-17, 2015 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP IEEE, AIAA, AESS, AIAA Digital Avion Tech Comm, Boeing, Honeywell, MITRE, Mosaic Atm, NASA, Avion Magazine DE Ontologies; NOTAMS; avionics AB The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) system incorporates many updates to aerospace technology including coordination of air traffic management (ATM), flight deck control, and avionics architectures. One such consideration is the need for ontologies. An ontology is a formal naming and definition of the types, properties, and interrelationships of the entities that exist (and persist) for a particular domain. In aviation, an ontology is needed to organize the variables to afford computations, instructions, and the relationships between parameters. For example Triples are used as Universal Resource Identifiers (URIs) in the case of {subject, predicate (verb), object}. The subject and object entities can be connected with the relationship predicate. Together, they are an event such as an ontology coordinating Notice to Airmen (NOTAM) flight weather information. In this paper, we explore the concepts of ontologies for applications to aerospace avionics as motivated by the NextGen and Single European Sky ATM Research (SESAR) standards. C1 [Blasch, Erik] Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. RP Blasch, E (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. NR 76 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-4799-8940-9 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2015 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BE2YI UT WOS:000370294400069 ER PT S AU Goedeke, HS Collier, CP AF Goedeke, H. Scott Collier, C. Patrick GP IEEE TI Applying SpaceVPX Modular Open Systems Interconnect Concepts SO 2015 IEEE/AIAA 34TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 34th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) CY SEP 13-17, 2015 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP IEEE, AIAA, AESS, AIAA Digital Avion Tech Comm, Boeing, Honeywell, MITRE, Mosaic Atm, NASA, Avion Magazine C1 [Goedeke, H. Scott] Northrop Grumman Elect Syst, Falls Church, VA 22042 USA. [Collier, C. Patrick] AFRL, Dayton, OH USA. RP Goedeke, HS (reprint author), Northrop Grumman Elect Syst, Falls Church, VA 22042 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-4799-8940-9 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2015 PG 17 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BE2YI UT WOS:000370294400297 ER PT S AU Liu, K Jia, B Chen, GS Pham, K Blasch, E AF Liu, Kui Jia, Bin Chen, Genshe Khanh Pham Blasch, Erik GP IEEE TI A REAL-TIME ORBIT SATELLITES UNCERTAINTY PROPAGATION AND VISUALIZATION SYSTEM USING GRAPHICS COMPUTING UNIT AND MULTI-THREADING PROCESSING SO 2015 IEEE/AIAA 34TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 34th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) CY SEP 13-17, 2015 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP IEEE, AIAA, AESS, AIAA Digital Avion Tech Comm, Boeing, Honeywell, MITRE, Mosaic Atm, NASA, Avion Magazine AB This paper presents a real-time propagating and visualizing the uncertainty of multiple orbit satellites within the framework of graphics computing unit and multi-threading processing. The paper presents a system to predict the future position and velocity of orbiting objects based on a Monte Carlo method with multi-threading (Central Processing Unit (CPU)) and multi-stream (Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)) processing for the application of multiple satellite orbits estimation, collision probability calculation and visualization. The introduced SATellite Uncertinty Processing with GpU and Multi-threading (SAT-UPGUM) approach is general purpose in the sense that it can extended to other types of Space Situation Awareness (SSA) applications such as Stochastic Collocation, Pursui-Evasion, and Patterns of Life. The GPU based computing leads to a real-time outcome of orbit satellites uncertainty propagation and visualization compared to the situations when the whole work flow is applied in CPU only. The obtained propagation results for the multiple satellite orbits indicate that our GPU and multi-threading based approach provides dramatically improved frame rate under realistic conditions. C1 [Liu, Kui; Jia, Bin; Chen, Genshe] Intelligent Fus Technol, Germantown, MD USA. [Khanh Pham] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. [Blasch, Erik] Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. RP Liu, K (reprint author), Intelligent Fus Technol, Germantown, MD USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-4799-8940-9 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2015 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BE2YI UT WOS:000370294400141 ER PT S AU Paces, P Jalovecky, R Blasch, E Stanek, J AF Paces, Pavel Jalovecky, Rudolf Blasch, Erik Stanek, Jan GP IEEE TI Pilot Controller Design Using the CTU Fligth Simulator For Shared Situation Awareness SO 2015 IEEE/AIAA 34TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 34th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) CY SEP 13-17, 2015 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP IEEE, AIAA, AESS, AIAA Digital Avion Tech Comm, Boeing, Honeywell, MITRE, Mosaic Atm, NASA, Avion Magazine C1 [Paces, Pavel] Czech Tech Univ, CR-16635 Prague, Czech Republic. Univ Def, Brno, Czech Republic. US Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. RP Paces, P (reprint author), Czech Tech Univ, CR-16635 Prague, Czech Republic. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-4799-8940-9 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2015 PG 49 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BE2YI UT WOS:000370294400247 ER PT S AU Paces, P Jalovecky, R Blasch, E Stanek, J AF Paces, Pavel Jalovecky, Rudolf Blasch, Erik Stanek, Jan GP IEEE TI PILOT CONTROLLER DESIGN USING THE CTU FLIGHT SIMULATOR FOR SHARED SITUATION AWARENESS SO 2015 IEEE/AIAA 34TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 34th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) CY SEP 13-17, 2015 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP IEEE, AIAA, AESS, AIAA Digital Avion Tech Comm, Boeing, Honeywell, MITRE, Mosaic Atm, NASA, Avion Magazine AB Safety in air transportation resides in effective pilot training and displays to reduced pilot errors. Many aviation accidents come from cockpit miscommunication which requires analysis of shared situation awareness between aviators which is a current research and development direction using the Czech Technical University (CTU) cockpit simulator. Specifically, the CTU simulator utilizes enhanced feedback to coordinate the control of the cockpit joysticks. With modern transport aircraft, the coordination between the pilot and the co-pilot enables safe flight, redundancy, as well as shared responsibilities. Teaming becomes challenging during avionics malfunctions as not all pilots have the same situation awareness. Thus, the Czech Technical University flight simulator has been designed to study the effects of team piloting and explore situations that require communication between the pilot and co-pilot to mitigate and recover from aircraft malfunctions. In this paper, we discuss the current design and implementation that makes use of hardware (stick control), software (visualization), and evaluation (human factors) to explore situations in which the team has a shared awareness or worse, when there is cognitive dissonance between the pilots in assessing the situation. Example cases are studied in which an avionics malfunction happens and both pilots are presented with similar and conflicting information to determine how they respond. CTU-design software called FlightGear Connector, described in the paper is freely available at Bitbucked or SourceForge. The performed analysis shows discrepancy in the pilot model determination which we would like to further explore and possibly use for pilot test scenario validation. C1 [Paces, Pavel; Stanek, Jan] Czech Tech Univ, CR-16635 Prague, Czech Republic. [Jalovecky, Rudolf] Univ Def, Brno, Czech Republic. [Blasch, Erik] US Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. RP Paces, P (reprint author), Czech Tech Univ, CR-16635 Prague, Czech Republic. EM pacesp@fel.cvut.cz; rudolf.jalovecky@unob.cz; erik.blasch@gmail.com; jan-stanek@outlook.com NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-4799-8940-9 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2015 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BE2YI UT WOS:000370294400083 ER PT S AU Shu, Z Wang, G Tian, X Shen, D Chen, G Pham, K Blasch, E AF Shu, Z. Wang, G. Tian, X. Shen, D. Chen, G. Pham, Khanh Blasch, Erik GP IEEE TI Resource Allocation in Underlay Cognitive Radio Satellite Communication Systems SO 2015 IEEE/AIAA 34TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 34th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) CY SEP 13-17, 2015 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP IEEE, AIAA, AESS, AIAA Digital Avion Tech Comm, Boeing, Honeywell, MITRE, Mosaic Atm, NASA, Avion Magazine C1 [Shu, Z.; Wang, G.; Tian, X.; Shen, D.; Chen, G.] Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. [Pham, Khanh; Blasch, Erik] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Shu, Z (reprint author), Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-4799-8940-9 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2015 PG 21 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BE2YI UT WOS:000370294400226 ER PT S AU Wang, G Chen, GS Shen, D Tian, X Pham, K Blasch, E AF Wang, Gang Chen, Genshe Shen, Dan Tian, Xin Pham, Khanh Blasch, Erik GP IEEE TI Spectrum Design for Aeronautical Communication System with Radio Frequency Interference SO 2015 IEEE/AIAA 34TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 34th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) CY SEP 13-17, 2015 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP IEEE, AIAA, AESS, AIAA Digital Avion Tech Comm, Boeing, Honeywell, MITRE, Mosaic Atm, NASA, Avion Magazine C1 [Wang, Gang; Chen, Genshe; Shen, Dan; Tian, Xin] Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, Germantown, MD 20876 USA. [Pham, Khanh] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. [Blasch, Erik] Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. RP Wang, G (reprint author), Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, Germantown, MD 20876 USA. EM gang.wang@intfusiontech.com; gchen@intfusiontech.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-4799-8940-9 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2015 PG 26 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BE2YI UT WOS:000370294400225 ER PT S AU Wang, G Chen, GS Shen, D Tian, X Pham, K Blasch, E AF Wang, Gang Chen, Genshe Shen, Dan Tian, Xin Khanh Pham Blasch, Erik GP IEEE TI SPREAD SPECTRUM DESIGN FOR AERONAUTICAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEM WITH RADIO FREQUENCY INTERFERENCE SO 2015 IEEE/AIAA 34TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 34th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) CY SEP 13-17, 2015 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP IEEE, AIAA, AESS, AIAA Digital Avion Tech Comm, Boeing, Honeywell, MITRE, Mosaic Atm, NASA, Avion Magazine AB Communication link maintenance is crucial for aeronautical systems operations. To ensure the reliability, robustness, and security of aeronautical communication links; we investigate various types of interference in aeronautical communication systems, which can be categorized into unintentional and intentional interference. An interference model is built and incorporated into an aeronautical communication link design, where spread spectrum techniques are employed to mitigate the interference effects. To ensure comprehensive communication link quality-of-services, a direct-sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) and frequency-hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) are investigated and compared. Turbo coding is employed in conjunction with DSSS/FHSS for overall interference mitigation and performance evaluations. As a practical use case, the Rician fading channel is evaluated when analyzing the data link performances for three phases of air traffic surface management: taxing, takeoff/ landing, and departure/approach scenarios. The results demonstrate consideration for future NextGen avionics designs for security and maintenance of communication links between the aircraft and air traffic control operations. C1 [Wang, Gang; Chen, Genshe; Shen, Dan; Tian, Xin] Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, Germantown, MD USA. [Khanh Pham] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. [Blasch, Erik] Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. RP Wang, G (reprint author), Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, Germantown, MD USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-4799-8940-9 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2015 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BE2YI UT WOS:000370294400054 ER PT S AU Wei, SX Shen, D Chen, GS Zhang, HL Yu, W Blasch, E Pham, K Cruz, JB AF Wei, Sixiao Shen, Dan Chen, Genshe Zhang, Hanlin Yu, Wei Blasch, Erik Pham, Khanh Cruz, Jose B. GP IEEE TI ON EFFECTIVENESS OF GAME THEORETIC MODELING AND ANALYSIS AGAINST CYBER THREATS FOR AVIONIC SYSTEMS SO 2015 IEEE/AIAA 34TH DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 34th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) CY SEP 13-17, 2015 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP IEEE, AIAA, AESS, AIAA Digital Avion Tech Comm, Boeing, Honeywell, MITRE, Mosaic Atm, NASA, Avion Magazine AB Cyber-attack defense requires network security situation awareness through distributed collaborative monitoring, detection, and mitigation. An issue of developing and demonstrating innovative and effective situational awareness techniques for avionics has increased in importance in the last decade. In this paper, we first conducted a game theoretical based modeling and analysis to study the interaction between an adversary and a defender. We then introduced the implementation of game-theoretic analysis on an Avionics Sensor-based Defense System (ASDS), which consists of distributed passive and active network sensors. A trade-off between defense and attack strategy was studied via existing tools for game theory (Gambit). To further enhance the defense and mitigate attacks, we designed and implemented a multi-functional web display to integrate the game theocratic analysis. Our simulation validates that the game theoretical modeling and analysis can help the Avionics Sensor-based Defense System (ASDS) adapt detection and response strategies to efficiently and dynamically deal with various cyber threats. C1 [Wei, Sixiao; Shen, Dan; Chen, Genshe] Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, Germantown, MD USA. [Zhang, Hanlin; Yu, Wei] Towson Univ, Towson, MD USA. [Blasch, Erik] Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. [Pham, Khanh] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. [Cruz, Jose B.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Wei, SX (reprint author), Intelligent Fus Technol Inc, Germantown, MD USA. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-4799-8940-9 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2015 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BE2YI UT WOS:000370294400091 ER PT S AU Pillai, U Li, KY Scarborough, S AF Pillai, Unnikrishna Li, Ke Yong Scarborough, Steven GP IEEE TI Target Geolocation in Gotcha Data using Panoramic Processing SO 2015 IEEE INTERNATIONAL RADAR CONFERENCE (RADARCON) SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Radar Conference (RadarCon) CY MAY 10-15, 2015 CL Arlington, VA SP IEEE, Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, IEEE Signal Proc Soc, IEEE Geoscience & Remote Sensing Soc, IEEE Informat Theory Soc DE Target Geolocation; Cross-channel interferometry; Clutter Suppression; Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR); Ground Moving Target Indication (GMTI) AB Any signal processing methodology when blindly applied to realistic data sets generates a significant number of false targets along with estimates for the true moving targets. In an effort to isolate the true movers from the false targets, a new approach exploiting spatio-temporal connectivity in addition to signal processing algorithms involving imaging and interferometry is proposed here to geolocate the movers in a measured data set. C1 [Pillai, Unnikrishna] NYU, Elect Engn, Closter, NJ USA. [Pillai, Unnikrishna; Li, Ke Yong] C&P Technol Inc, Closter, NJ 07624 USA. [Scarborough, Steven] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Pillai, U (reprint author), NYU, Elect Engn, Closter, NJ USA.; Pillai, U (reprint author), C&P Technol Inc, Closter, NJ 07624 USA. EM pillai@cptnj.com; kli@cptnj.com NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4799-8232-5 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2015 BP 21 EP 26 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BE3MP UT WOS:000370972900005 ER PT S AU Pavy, AM Rigling, BD AF Pavy, Anne M. Rigling, Brian D. GP IEEE TI Phase Modulated Radar Waveform Classification Using Quantile One-Class SVMs SO 2015 IEEE INTERNATIONAL RADAR CONFERENCE (RADARCON) SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Radar Conference (RadarCon) CY MAY 10-15, 2015 CL Arlington, VA SP IEEE, Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, IEEE Signal Proc Soc, IEEE Geoscience & Remote Sensing Soc, IEEE Informat Theory Soc ID RECOGNITION; SUPPORT AB Radar waveform classification is a difficult problem due to several different varying parameters. The classifier must handle waveform alignment, different pulse widths, and should degrade gracefully with decreasing signal to noise ratios. Along with these tasks, a crowded spectrum makes it highly unlikely that every waveform encountered will be in the waveform library. In this paper, these challenges are addressed through a combination of feature design, training protocol, and classifier approach. The classifier used in this effort is the quantile oneclass SVM (q-OCSVM) that has the desirable properties of outof - class rejection and likelihood estimation. These design choices result in a high performance waveform classifier that addresses the aforementioned challenges as demonstrated with extensive experimentation. C1 [Pavy, Anne M.] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Rigling, Brian D.] Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Pavy, AM (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM anne.pavy@us.af.mil; brian.rigling@wright.edu NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4799-8232-5 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2015 BP 745 EP 750 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BE3MP UT WOS:000370972900136 ER PT S AU Lo Monte, L Himed, B Corigliano, T Baker, CJ AF Lo Monte, Lorenzo Himed, Braham Corigliano, Thomas Baker, Christopher J. GP IEEE TI Performance Analysis of Time Division and Code Division Waveforms in Co-Located MIMO SO 2015 IEEE INTERNATIONAL RADAR CONFERENCE (RADARCON) SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Radar Conference (RadarCon) CY MAY 10-15, 2015 CL Arlington, VA SP IEEE, Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, IEEE Signal Proc Soc, IEEE Geoscience & Remote Sensing Soc, IEEE Informat Theory Soc DE Coherent MIMO; Co-located MIMO; Time Division Multiplexing; Code Division Multiplexing ID RADAR AB Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) beamforming holds much promise as a concept appropriate for a variety of radar applications. In this paper, MIMO beamforming is examined both theoretically and experimentally in order to highlight fundamental differences in performance between the time division and the code division forms of multiplexing (TDM and CDM). There are significant differences in system performance due to limits on the orthogonality of waveforms that occur when using CDM. These limits are manifested in the peakto- mean sidelobe correlation ratio, resulting in extended range sidelobes. C1 [Lo Monte, Lorenzo] Univ Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Himed, Braham; Corigliano, Thomas] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Baker, Christopher J.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Lo Monte, L (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM lomonte.lorenzo@gmail.com; baker.1891@osu.edu NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4799-8232-5 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2015 BP 794 EP 797 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BE3MP UT WOS:000370972900145 ER PT S AU Wilson, SA Narayanan, RM Rangaswamy, M AF Wilson, Scott A. Narayanan, Ram M. Rangaswamy, Muralidhar GP IEEE TI Wideband Imaging of Concealed Objects Using Compressive Radar Holography SO 2015 IEEE INTERNATIONAL RADAR CONFERENCE (RADARCON) SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Radar Conference (RadarCon) CY MAY 10-15, 2015 CL Arlington, VA SP IEEE, Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, IEEE Signal Proc Soc, IEEE Geoscience & Remote Sensing Soc, IEEE Informat Theory Soc DE compressive sampling; compressive sensing; holography; image reconstruction; sparse reconstruction AB Radar holography has been established as an effective image reconstruction process by which the measured diffraction pattern across an aperture provides information about a three-dimensional target scene of interest. Compressive sensing has emerged as a new paradigm in applications involving large amounts of data acquisition and storage. The fusion of these two fields of research has had only limited consideration in radar applications. Typically, full sets of data are collected at the Nyquist rate only to be compressed at some later point, where information-bearing data are retained and inconsequential data are discarded. However, under sparse conditions, it is possible to collect data at random sampling intervals less than the Nyquist rate and still gather enough meaningful data for accurate signal reconstruction. In this paper, we employ sparse sampling techniques in the recording of digital microwave holograms over a two-dimensional scanning aperture. Using a simple and fast non-linear interpolation scheme prior to image reconstruction, we show that the reconstituted image quality is well-retained with limited perceptual loss. C1 [Wilson, Scott A.; Narayanan, Ram M.] Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Rangaswamy, Muralidhar] US Air Force, Res Lab, AFRL RYAP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Wilson, SA (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM swilson1987@gmail.com; ram@engr.psu.edu; muralidhar.rangaswamy@us.af.mil NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4799-8232-5 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2015 BP 925 EP 930 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BE3MP UT WOS:000370972900168 ER PT S AU Shin, HJ Narayanan, RM Rangaswamy, M AF Shin, Hee Jung Narayanan, Ram M. Rangaswamy, Muralidhar GP IEEE TI Simulations of Tomographic Imaging of Various Target Scenarios Using Noise Waveforms SO 2015 IEEE INTERNATIONAL RADAR CONFERENCE (RADARCON) SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Radar Conference (RadarCon) CY MAY 10-15, 2015 CL Arlington, VA SP IEEE, Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, IEEE Signal Proc Soc, IEEE Geoscience & Remote Sensing Soc, IEEE Informat Theory Soc DE Random noise waveform; diffraction tomography; ultra-wideband; image quality AB Two-dimensional cross-section images of various cylindrical shapes of metallic targets are obtained based on the theory of diffraction tomography. Specifically, multiple iid ultra-wideband random noise waveforms are transmitted, and the tomographic images of PEC targets with sharp edges and angles are reconstructed with the backward scattering data of each transmitted iid noise waveforms over a frequency range from 8GHz to 10GHz. The image quality of the reconstructed tomographic images is measured by calculating the cumulative mean squared error between the corresponding pixels of the reference images and the reconstructed images. C1 [Shin, Hee Jung; Narayanan, Ram M.] Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Rangaswamy, Muralidhar] US Air Force, Res Lab, AFRL RYAP, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Shin, HJ (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM hus146@psu.edu; ram@engr.psu.edu; muralidhar.rangaswamy@us.af.mil NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4799-8232-5 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2015 BP 963 EP 968 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BE3MP UT WOS:000370972900175 ER PT S AU Rademacher, R Jackson, JA Rexford, A Kabban, CS AF Rademacher, Richard Jackson, Julie Ann Rexford, Andrew Kabban, Christine Schubert GP IEEE TI Quadrature-Based Credible Set Estimation for Radar Feature Extraction SO 2015 IEEE INTERNATIONAL RADAR CONFERENCE (RADARCON) SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Radar Conference (RadarCon) CY MAY 10-15, 2015 CL Arlington, VA SP IEEE, Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, IEEE Signal Proc Soc, IEEE Geoscience & Remote Sensing Soc, IEEE Informat Theory Soc DE radar feature extraction; Bayesian estimation; credible set; quadrture; automatic target recognition ID SAR; ATR AB Efficient and accurate extraction of physically-relevant features from measured radar data is desirable for automatic target recognition (ATR). In this paper, we present an estimation technique to find credible sets of parameters for any given feature model. The proposed approach provides parameter estimates along with confidence values. Maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimates provide a single (vector) parameter value, typically found via sampling methods. However, computational inefficiency and inaccuracy issues commonly arise when sampling multi-modal or multi-dimensional posteriors. As an alternative, we use Gaussian quadrature to compute probability mass functions, covering the entire probability space. An efficient zoom-in approach is used to iteratively locate regions of high probability. The (possibly disjoint) regions of high probability correspond to sets of feasible parameter values, call credible sets. Thus, our quadrature-based credible set estimator (QBCSE) includes values very near the true parameter and confuser values that may lie far from the true parameter but map with high probability to the same observed data. The credible set and associated probabilities are computed and should both be passed to an ATR algorithm for informed decision-making. Applicable to any feature model, we demonstrate the proposed QBCSE scheme using canonical shape feature models in synthetic aperture radar phase history. C1 [Rademacher, Richard; Jackson, Julie Ann; Rexford, Andrew] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Kabban, Christine Schubert] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Math & Stat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Rademacher, R (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM julie.jackson@afit.edu; christine.schubert@afit.edu NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4799-8232-5 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2015 BP 1027 EP 1032 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BE3MP UT WOS:000370972900186 ER PT S AU Day, BP Hack, DE Patton, LK Himed, B AF Day, Brian P. Hack, Daniel E. Patton, Lee K. Himed, Braham GP IEEE TI Direct Cartesian Localization in Active MIMO Radar Networks SO 2015 IEEE INTERNATIONAL RADAR CONFERENCE (RADARCON) SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Radar Conference (RadarCon) CY MAY 10-15, 2015 CL Arlington, VA SP IEEE, Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, IEEE Signal Proc Soc, IEEE Geoscience & Remote Sensing Soc, IEEE Informat Theory Soc AB This paper extends prior work on target position and velocity estimation in active multiple-input multiple-out (MIMO) radar networks by introducing multichannel receivers into the problem formulation. The maximum likelihood estimate (MLE) of target position and velocity is derived assuming all received time-series can be aggregated at a central processor. This is in contrast to methods that first make range, Doppler, and/or angle-of-arrival (AoA) estimates at each receiver. The corresponding Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) is also derived for this problem. Monte Carlo simulations demonstrate that the MLE can attain the CRLB at reasonable signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) and position/velocity estimation accuracy is improved with respect to the single-channel receiver case. C1 [Day, Brian P.; Hack, Daniel E.; Patton, Lee K.] Matrix Res Inc, Beavercreck, OH 45432 USA. [Himed, Braham] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Day, BP (reprint author), Matrix Res Inc, Beavercreck, OH 45432 USA. EM brian.day@matrixresearch.com; dan.hack@matrixresearch.com; lee.patton@matrixresearch.com; braham.himed@wpafb.af.mil NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4799-8232-5 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2015 BP 1351 EP 1355 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BE3MP UT WOS:000370972900246 ER PT S AU Jakabosky, J Blunt, SD Himed, B AF Jakabosky, John Blunt, Shannon D. Himed, Braham GP IEEE TI Waveform Design and Receive Processing for Nonrecurrent Nonlinear FMCW Radar SO 2015 IEEE INTERNATIONAL RADAR CONFERENCE (RADARCON) SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Radar Conference (RadarCon) CY MAY 10-15, 2015 CL Arlington, VA SP IEEE, Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, IEEE Signal Proc Soc, IEEE Geoscience & Remote Sensing Soc, IEEE Informat Theory Soc AB A spectral shaping optimization scheme is used to design the autocorrelation response of individual segments of a nonrecurrent nonlinear FMCW waveform denoted as Pseudo-Random Optimized FMCW (or PRO-FMCW). Because each waveform segment is unique, the range sidelobes do not combine coherently during Doppler processing thereby providing further sidelobe suppression. The PRO-FMCW waveform can be viewed as a specific instantiation of FM noise radar where the constant amplitude permits maximum power efficiency. A segmented approach to processing the received data is used to reduce processing time and complexity. Measured results from hardware implementation are provided to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approach. C1 [Jakabosky, John; Blunt, Shannon D.] Univ Kansas, Radar Syst Lab, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Himed, Braham] US Air Force, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Dayton, OH USA. RP Jakabosky, J (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Radar Syst Lab, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4799-8232-5 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2015 BP 1376 EP 1381 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BE3MP UT WOS:000370972900251 ER PT S AU McCormick, P Jakabosky, J Blunt, SD Allen, C Himed, B AF McCormick, Patrick Jakabosky, John Blunt, Shannon D. Allen, Chris Himed, Braham GP IEEE TI Joint Polarization/Waveform Design and Adaptive Receive Processing SO 2015 IEEE INTERNATIONAL RADAR CONFERENCE (RADARCON) SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Radar Conference (RadarCon) CY MAY 10-15, 2015 CL Arlington, VA SP IEEE, Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, IEEE Signal Proc Soc, IEEE Geoscience & Remote Sensing Soc, IEEE Informat Theory Soc ID RADAR WAVE-FORMS; PULSE-COMPRESSION AB Leveraging the design freedom provided by the recently developed polyphase-coded FM (PCFM) waveform structure and the enhanced sensitivity on receive through sidelobe suppression provided by adaptive pulse compression (APC) and its variants, the impact on full polarimetric scattering estimation is examined. By incorporating a Sigma-Delta hybrid combiner different polarization modulation schemes are considered. To address the limitation on achievable cross-correlation between the waveforms associated with orthogonal polarization channels, a polarimetric adaptive pulse compression (PAPC) method is derived that is used to isolate adaptively the different polarization components. Results from an open-air experiment are provided to demonstrate the efficacy of PAPC with this new emission structure. A decoupled emission structure is also tested to use as a benchmark for comparison. C1 [McCormick, Patrick; Jakabosky, John; Blunt, Shannon D.; Allen, Chris] Univ Kansas, Radar Syst Lab, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Himed, Braham] US Air Force, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Dayton, OH USA. RP McCormick, P (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Radar Syst Lab, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4799-8232-5 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2015 BP 1382 EP 1387 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BE3MP UT WOS:000370972900252 ER PT S AU Kang, B Monga, V Rangaswamy, M Abramovich, YI AF Kang, Bosung Monga, Vishal Rangaswamy, Muralidhar Abramovich, Yuri I. GP IEEE TI Automatic Rank Estimation for Practical STAP Covariance Estimation via an Expected Likelihood Approach SO 2015 IEEE INTERNATIONAL RADAR CONFERENCE (RADARCON) SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Radar Conference (RadarCon) CY MAY 10-15, 2015 CL Arlington, VA SP IEEE, Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, IEEE Signal Proc Soc, IEEE Geoscience & Remote Sensing Soc, IEEE Informat Theory Soc ID RADAR; MATRICES; SIGNALS; CLUTTER; NUMBER AB We address the problem of estimation of structured covariance matrices for radar space-time adaptive processing (STAP)(1). The knowledge of the interference environment has been exploited in many previous works to accurately estimate a structured disturbance covariance matrix. In particular, it has been shown that employing the rank of clutter subspace, i.e. rank constrained maximum likelihood (RCML) estimation, leads to a practically powerful estimator as well as a closed form solution. While the rank is a very effective constraint, often practical non-idealities make it difficult to be known precisely using physical models. We propose an automatic rank estimation method in STAP via an expected likelihood (EL) approach. We formulate rank estimation as an optimization problem with the expected likelihood criterion and formally prove that the proposed optimization has a unique solution. Through experimental results from a simulation model and KASSPER dataset, we show the RCML estimator with the rank obtained via the EL approach outperforms RCML estimators with the other rank selection methods in the sense of a normalized signal-to-interference and noise ratio (SINR) and the probability of detection. C1 [Kang, Bosung; Monga, Vishal] Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Rangaswamy, Muralidhar] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Abramovich, Yuri I.] WR Syst Ltd, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Kang, B (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM bkang@psu.edu; vmonga@engr.psu.edu; Muralidhar.Rangaswamy@us.af.mil; yabramovich@wrsystems.com NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4799-8232-5 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2015 BP 1388 EP 1393 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BE3MP UT WOS:000370972900253 ER PT S AU Bell, KL Johnson, JT Smith, GE Baker, CJ Rangaswamy, M AF Bell, Kristine L. Johnson, Joel T. Smith, Graeme E. Baker, Christopher J. Rangaswamy, Muralidhar GP IEEE TI Cognitive Radar for Target Tracking Using a Software Defined Radar System SO 2015 IEEE INTERNATIONAL RADAR CONFERENCE (RADARCON) SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Radar Conference (RadarCon) CY MAY 10-15, 2015 CL Arlington, VA SP IEEE, Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, IEEE Signal Proc Soc, IEEE Geoscience & Remote Sensing Soc, IEEE Informat Theory Soc AB Most radar systems employ a feed-forward processing chain in which they first perform some low-level processing of received sensor data to obtain target detections and then pass the processed data on to some higher-level processor such as a tracker. Cognitive radar systems use adaptation between the information extracted from the sensor/processor and the design and transmission of subsequent illuminating waveforms. In this paper, we develop a cognitive radar tracking system based on the Maximum a Posteriori Penalty Function (MAP-PF) tracking methodology, which allows us to cognitively control both the radar sensor and the processor. We demonstrate performance for a pulse-Doppler radar system in which the pulse repetition frequency is adjusted to optimize tracking performance, while keeping the target from being Doppler-aliased and away from the zero-Doppler clutter. Results are shown on experimentally collected data using a software defined radar system. C1 [Bell, Kristine L.] Metron Inc, 1818 Lib St,Suite 600, Reston, VA 20190 USA. [Johnson, Joel T.; Smith, Graeme E.; Baker, Christopher J.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Johnson, Joel T.; Smith, Graeme E.; Baker, Christopher J.] Ohio State Univ, ElectroSci Lab, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Rangaswamy, Muralidhar] US Air Force, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Radar Signal Proc Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Bell, KL (reprint author), Metron Inc, 1818 Lib St,Suite 600, Reston, VA 20190 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4799-8232-5 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2015 BP 1394 EP 1399 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BE3MP UT WOS:000370972900254 ER PT S AU Metcalf, J Blunt, SD Himed, B AF Metcalf, Justin Blunt, Shannon D. Himed, Braham GP IEEE TI A Machine Learning Approach to Cognitive Radar Detection SO 2015 IEEE INTERNATIONAL RADAR CONFERENCE (RADARCON) SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Radar Conference (RadarCon) CY MAY 10-15, 2015 CL Arlington, VA SP IEEE, Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, IEEE Signal Proc Soc, IEEE Geoscience & Remote Sensing Soc, IEEE Informat Theory Soc ID GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION; STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; COVARIANCE-MATRIX; SEA CLUTTER; FIT; ALGORITHM; GOODNESS AB We consider the requirements of cognitive radar detection in the presence of non-Gaussian clutter. A pair of machine learning approaches based on non-linear transformations of order statistics are examined with the goal of adaptively determining the optimal detection threshold within the low sample support regime. The impact of these algorithms on false alarm rate is also considered. It is demonstrated that the adaptive threshold estimate is effective even when the distribution in question is unknown to the machine learning algorithm. C1 [Metcalf, Justin; Blunt, Shannon D.] Univ Kansas, RSL, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Metcalf, Justin; Himed, Braham] US Air Force, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hyattsville, MD USA. RP Metcalf, J (reprint author), Univ Kansas, RSL, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4799-8232-5 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2015 BP 1405 EP 1411 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BE3MP UT WOS:000370972900256 ER PT S AU Bliss, DW Yu, HG Raghavan, RS AF Bliss, D. W. Yu, Hanguang Raghavan, R. S. GP IEEE TI Local and Nonlocal Invariance for System Robustness Investigations of Coherent MIMO Radar SO 2015 IEEE INTERNATIONAL RADAR CONFERENCE (RADARCON) SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Radar Conference (RadarCon) CY MAY 10-15, 2015 CL Arlington, VA SP IEEE, Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, IEEE Signal Proc Soc, IEEE Geoscience & Remote Sensing Soc, IEEE Informat Theory Soc ID SUBSPACE DETECTORS AB The advantages and limitations of coherent multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar have been discussed widely. In practical systems, nonidealities often impose the dominant limitation to system performance. Consequently, successful high-performance systems typically employ adaptive techniques. Because of the higher potential performance of MIMO systems, they become even more sensitive to the system model if adaptivity is not employed. The quintessential example of the need for adaptivity is by ground-moving-target indictor (GMTI) radars, which employ space-time adaptive processing (STAP). As an initial step toward a more general study of test statistic robustness, we study an approximation to STAP, based on requiring test statistic invariance to clutter localization about an angle-Doppler operating point. We consider the effects of angle and velocity mismatch on clutter mitigation performance. Furthermore, we investigate the implications of MIMO waveform cross-antenna contamination by using invariance. C1 [Bliss, D. W.; Yu, Hanguang] Arizona State Univ, Sch Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Tempe, AZ USA. [Raghavan, R. S.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Bliss, DW (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Tempe, AZ USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4799-8232-5 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2015 BP 1434 EP 1439 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BE3MP UT WOS:000370972900261 ER PT S AU Dabrowski, T Barott, WC Himed, B AF Dabrowski, Ted Barott, William C. Himed, Braham GP IEEE TI Effect of Propagation Model Fidelity on Passive Radar Performance Predictions SO 2015 IEEE INTERNATIONAL RADAR CONFERENCE (RADARCON) SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Radar Conference (RadarCon) CY MAY 10-15, 2015 CL Arlington, VA SP IEEE, Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, IEEE Signal Proc Soc, IEEE Geoscience & Remote Sensing Soc, IEEE Informat Theory Soc DE AREPS; ITM; propagation modeling; passive radar ID PARABOLIC EQUATION AB Accurately predicting propagation loss is critical to determining if an area can support passive bistatic radars (PBRs), which must rely on illuminators of opportunity and might operate near the threshold of detection for weak targets. Models available to calculate propagation loss vary in their complexity and might include factors such as terrain, refraction, clutter, and multipath. This paper reports on work comparing two such models, the Advanced Refractive Effects Prediction System (AREPS) and the Irregular Terrain Model (ITM). An interface between AREPS, ITM, and MATLAB was developed to enable model comparisons for similar configurations. Results were incorporated into a PBR simulator to examine how the model differences affect localization performance predictions. C1 [Dabrowski, Ted; Barott, William C.] Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ, Elect Comp Software & Syst Engn, Daytona Beach, FL USA. [Himed, Braham] US Air Force, Res Lab, Dayton, OH USA. RP Dabrowski, T (reprint author), Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ, Elect Comp Software & Syst Engn, Daytona Beach, FL USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4799-8232-5 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2015 BP 1503 EP 1508 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BE3MP UT WOS:000370972900275 ER PT S AU Qureshi, TR Rangaswamy, M Bell, KL AF Qureshi, Tariq R. Rangaswamy, Muralidhar Bell, Kristine L. GP IEEE TI Angle-Doppler Compensation for Multistatic MIMO Radar SO 2015 IEEE INTERNATIONAL RADAR CONFERENCE (RADARCON) SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Radar Conference (RadarCon) CY MAY 10-15, 2015 CL Arlington, VA SP IEEE, Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, IEEE Signal Proc Soc, IEEE Geoscience & Remote Sensing Soc, IEEE Informat Theory Soc ID STAP AB A MIMO Multistatic radar system consists of multiple bistatic MIMO pairs working in potentially different configurations. If a bistatic pair in a Multistatic MIMO radar system employs multiple transmit and receive elements, this increases the dimensionality of the data received over a Coherent Processing Interval (CPI), which in turn increases the training data needed to reliably estimate the covariance matrix. This, coupled with the non-stationarity in the received data resulting from the bistatic geometry further degrades the quality of the covariance matrix estimate used in the adaptive detector. In [1], Bell et al. presented a physics based MIMO clutter model, and showed that lack of training data support renders the MIMO radar unfeasible in that the individual bistatic pairs can outperform the overall MIMO system. In addition to that, a radar collects target free training samples from the range cells adjacent to the cell under test, and because of the range-dependent variation in the clutter angle-Doppler behavior, the data used from these target-free range bins causes an estimation error, and degrades the STAP performance. To counter the effects of limited training data, we need to investigate techniques that perform reasonably well in data limited scenarios, and to ensure that the training data does not cause a significant performance degradation due to angleDoppler variation in the clutter associated with range, we need to study techniques to compensate for this range-dependent angleDoppler variation. We show that the physics-based clutter model presented in [1] can be approximated as an AR process of model order 4, and that angle-Doppler compensation can be used to align the spectral centers in the training data obtained from target-free range bins. This has implications for reducing the error associated with estimating the multichannel AR parameters from available training data. C1 [Qureshi, Tariq R.; Rangaswamy, Muralidhar] AFRL, Sensors Directore, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Bell, Kristine L.] Metron Inc, Reston, VA 20190 USA. RP Qureshi, TR (reprint author), AFRL, Sensors Directore, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM trqureshi@gmail.com; muralidhar.rangaswamy@us.af.mil; bell@metsci.com NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4799-8232-5 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2015 BP 1569 EP 1574 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BE3MP UT WOS:000370972900288 ER PT S AU Malas, JA Cortese, JA Ryan, P AF Malas, John A. Cortese, John A. Ryan, Patricia GP IEEE TI Uncertainty Propagation and the Fano Based Information Theoretic Method SO 2015 IEEE INTERNATIONAL RADAR CONFERENCE (RADARCON) SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Radar Conference (RadarCon) CY MAY 10-15, 2015 CL Arlington, VA SP IEEE, Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, IEEE Signal Proc Soc, IEEE Geoscience & Remote Sensing Soc, IEEE Informat Theory Soc DE Information Theory; Uncertainty Propagation; Radar ID MATHEMATICAL-THEORY; COMMUNICATION AB The Fano equality is joined with the data-processing inequality to develop a theory model for component level trade studies within radar signature exploitation systems. Entropy is used to represent propagating uncertainty within an information channel. Measures are developed to identify information flow bottlenecks within an information loss budget. The propagating effects of various sources of uncertainty on system performance are characterized. C1 [Malas, John A.; Ryan, Patricia] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Cortese, John A.] MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. RP Malas, JA (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM john.malas@wpafb.af.mil; jcort@ll.mit.edu; patricia.ryan@wpafb.af.mil NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4799-8232-5 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2015 BP 1638 EP 1643 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BE3MP UT WOS:000370972900302 ER PT S AU Gogineni, S Setlur, P Rangaswamy, M Nadakuditi, RR AF Gogineni, Sandeep Setlur, Pawan Rangaswamy, Muralidhar Nadakuditi, Raj Rao GP IEEE TI Random Matrix Theory Inspired Passive Bistatic Radar Detection of Low-Rank Signals SO 2015 IEEE INTERNATIONAL RADAR CONFERENCE (RADARCON) SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Radar Conference (RadarCon) CY MAY 10-15, 2015 CL Arlington, VA SP IEEE, Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, IEEE Signal Proc Soc, IEEE Geoscience & Remote Sensing Soc, IEEE Informat Theory Soc DE Passive radar; Random matrix theory; Phase transition; Singular value decomposition; Kolmogorov-Smirnov; Detection AB For passive bistatic radar with a noisy reference signal, we propose a singular value decomposition (SVD) and Eigen detector that significantly outperforms the conventional cross-correlation detector. We consider the scenario when the signals of opportunity across several independent snapshots/pulses span a low-rank signal space. The target reflectivity is assumed to change independently from one pulse to another within a processing interval. We demonstrate this performance improvement through extensive numerical simulations across various surveillance and reference signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regimes. C1 [Gogineni, Sandeep; Setlur, Pawan] Wright State Res Inst, Beavercreek, OH USA. [Rangaswamy, Muralidhar] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Nadakuditi, Raj Rao] Univ Michigan, Elect Engn & Comp Sci Dept, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Gogineni, S (reprint author), Wright State Res Inst, Beavercreek, OH USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4799-8232-5 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2015 BP 1656 EP 1659 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BE3MP UT WOS:000370972900305 ER PT S AU Setlur, P Rangaswamy, M AF Setlur, Pawan Rangaswamy, Muralidhar GP IEEE TI Projected Gradient Waveform Design for Fully Adaptive Radar STAP SO 2015 IEEE INTERNATIONAL RADAR CONFERENCE (RADARCON) SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Radar Conference (RadarCon) CY MAY 10-15, 2015 CL Arlington, VA SP IEEE, Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, IEEE Signal Proc Soc, IEEE Geoscience & Remote Sensing Soc, IEEE Informat Theory Soc ID RECEIVE FILTER; CLUTTER; SIGNAL; OPTIMIZATION; INFORMATION AB We consider waveform design for radar space time adaptive processing (STAP), accounting for the waveform dependence of the clutter correlation matrix. It was shown previously in [1], that the joint problem of receiver weight vector optimization and radar waveform design is an intractable optimization problem, and constrained alternating minimization was proposed. In this paper, we propose projected gradient minimization. This minimization algorithm affords a numerically stable, lower computational complexity solution than the previously proposed alternating minimization. However, as a trade-off it results in larger iteration counts to achieve similar error variances of the STAP filter. Step size rules and the optimal step size for descent are derived analytically and validated via numerical simulations. C1 [Setlur, Pawan] Wright State Res Inst, Beavercreek, OH 45431 USA. [Rangaswamy, Muralidhar] US Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Setlur, P (reprint author), Wright State Res Inst, Beavercreek, OH 45431 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4799-8232-5 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2015 BP 1704 EP 1709 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BE3MP UT WOS:000370972900314 ER PT B AU Patel, H AF Patel, Hiren BE Blowers, M TI Future Trends in Large Data Handling SO EVOLUTION OF CYBER TECHNOLOGIES AND OPERATIONS TO 2035 SE Advances in Information Security LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BIG DATA C1 [Patel, Hiren] US Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. RP Patel, H (reprint author), US Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY 13441 USA. EM hiren.patel@us.af.mil NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-3-319-23585-1; 978-3-319-23584-4 J9 ADV INFORM SECUR PY 2015 VL 63 BP 59 EP 69 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-23585-1_5 D2 10.1007/978-3-319-23585-1 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BE2CL UT WOS:000369004000005 ER PT B AU Thoreson, E AF Thoreson, Erik BE Blowers, M TI Quantum Information Science SO EVOLUTION OF CYBER TECHNOLOGIES AND OPERATIONS TO 2035 SE Advances in Information Security LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID TECHNOLOGY C1 [Thoreson, Erik] USAF, Dayton, OH USA. RP Thoreson, E (reprint author), USAF, Dayton, OH USA. EM Erik.Thoreson@us.af.mil NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-3-319-23585-1; 978-3-319-23584-4 J9 ADV INFORM SECUR PY 2015 VL 63 BP 91 EP 105 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-23585-1_7 D2 10.1007/978-3-319-23585-1 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BE2CL UT WOS:000369004000007 ER PT B AU Rozumski, PK AF Rozumski, Paul Klench BE Blowers, M TI The Rise of Social Media and Its Role in Future Protests and Revolutions SO EVOLUTION OF CYBER TECHNOLOGIES AND OPERATIONS TO 2035 SE Advances in Information Security LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Rozumski, Paul Klench] US Air Force, 32d Intelligence Squadron Ft Meade, Ft Meade, MA USA. RP Rozumski, PK (reprint author), US Air Force, 32d Intelligence Squadron Ft Meade, Ft Meade, MA USA. EM paul.rozumski@us.af.mil NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-3-319-23585-1; 978-3-319-23584-4 J9 ADV INFORM SECUR PY 2015 VL 63 BP 137 EP 149 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-23585-1_10 D2 10.1007/978-3-319-23585-1 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BE2CL UT WOS:000369004000010 ER PT S AU McCue, JJ Dupaix, B Duncan, L Patel, VJ Quach, T Khalil, W AF McCue, Jamin J. Dupaix, Brian Duncan, Lucas Patel, Vipul J. Quach, Tony Khalil, Waleed BE Leenaerts, D TI A Time-Interleaved Multi-mode Delta Sigma RF-DAC for Direct Digital-to-RF Synthesis SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2015 IEEE RADIO FREQUENCY INTEGRATED CIRCUITS SYMPOSIUM (RFIC 2015) SE IEEE Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits Symposium (RFIC) CY MAY 17-19, 2015 CL Phoenix, AZ SP IEEE, MTT S, Electron Devices Soc, SSCS DE RF-DAC; interleaving; delta sigma modulation; high-pass modulation; image rejection; I/Q AB A multi-mode delta-sigma (Delta Sigma) RF digital-to-analog converter (RF-DAC) is proposed for direct digital-to-RF synthesis. Unlike embedded-mixer Delta Sigma RF-DACs which require analog I/Q combining and precise alignment of the local oscillator (LO) and data clock, the proposed circuit is fully digital with only one clock frequency (f(S)). This architecture eliminates the need for a widely-tuned LO by reconfiguring the Delta Sigma modulator (DSM) for a variety of output frequencies, thus making it suitable for software-defined radio. Both a band-pass (BP) and high-pass (HP) DSM are used to synthesize signals at f(S)/4, f(S)/2, or 3f(S)/4. Interleaving is used to reject the first DAC image, doubling the usable bandwidth of the HP DSM while reducing reconstruction filter requirements. The proposed RF-DAC is implemented in 130 nm SiGe BiCMOS. With an f(S) of 2 GHz, the 0.18 mm(2) RF-DAC core consumes 55 mW with output powers of -4.5 dBm, -7.5 dBm, and -13.8 dBm at 0.5 GHz, 1 GHz, and 1.5 GHz, respectively. For the HP DSM, a signal-to-image rejection ratio (SIRR) of 72 dB, an SNR of 54.5 dB over a 50 MHz bandwidth, and an in-band SFDR of 58.5 dB are demonstrated. C1 [McCue, Jamin J.; Dupaix, Brian; Duncan, Lucas; Khalil, Waleed] Ohio State Univ, Electrosci Lab, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Patel, Vipul J.; Quach, Tony] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP McCue, JJ (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Electrosci Lab, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1529-2517 BN 978-1-4799-7642-3 J9 IEEE RAD FREQ INTEGR PY 2015 BP 103 EP 106 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BE3HT UT WOS:000370739800026 ER PT S AU Banik, JA Carpenter, BF AF Banik, Jeremy A. Carpenter, Bernie F. GP IEEE TI Analytic Representation of Space Solar Array Scaling Performance SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE array scaling; flexible blanket; space solar array; space structures; structural metrics AB Advances in space solar arrays have historically been measured against metrics such as stowed volumetric efficiency and specific power. Technical investment against these metrics has resulted in increased photovoltaic efficiency and reduced structural mass. While these simple metrics provide a useful means for comparing arrays of equivalent power levels, they imply scaling linearity and do not capture the impact of important array design parameters, necessary details for objective wing comparisons and scaling projections. The proposed solution augments traditional design assessment metrics by quantifying system level behavior from a structural perspective. Two new parameters are presented herein-the mass equation and the scaling index. The mass equation estimates wing areal mass density for given changes in performance parameters-acceleration loading, fundamental frequency, and deployed area-and component properties affect array mass. The scaling index serves the slightly different purpose of quantifying the scaling performance for direct comparison of competing designs. Both parameters are developed to represent an ideal flexible blanket array of rectangular form, constructed as a system of beam and tensioned blanket components. Practical application of these parameters is shown by quantifying mass scaling of a wide range of array sizes, geometric forms, column types, column quantities, blanket mass densities, acceleration loading, fundamental frequency requirements, and cell efficiencies. One of the findings is that reducing array aspect ratio has just as much of an effect on array mass as increasing cell conversion efficiency. C1 [Banik, Jeremy A.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehic1es Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Aerosp Corp, Albuquerque, NM 87111 USA. RP Banik, JA (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehic1es Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992901130 ER PT S AU Bradshaw, GK Wilt, DM Wisler, T Walker, D Mann, CJ AF Bradshaw, Geoffrey K. Wilt, David M. Wisler, Tracy Walker, Don Mann, Colin J. GP IEEE TI Stability of Isotype Reference Cells used for Multi-Source Solar Simulator Calibration SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE solar simulator; luminescent coupling; proton irradiation; multijunction solar cell calibration AB Calibration of individual zones in a multi-source solar simulator using isotype reference cells presents unique challenges. Higher bandgap materials are used as filter layers to match the spectral response of an active isotype cell to its corresponding response in a full multijunction cell. Experimental results suggest that luminescence from these filter layers could occur during calibration of isotype references, thereby artificially increasing the current output. We show that proton irradiation of the filter layers can quench radiative recombination within these layers thereby reducing the luminescent coupling. We also take a look at transient responses from some isotype cells. C1 [Bradshaw, Geoffrey K.; Wilt, David M.] Air Force Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. [Wisler, Tracy] Appl Technol Associates, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. [Walker, Don; Mann, Colin J.] Aerosp Corp, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. RP Bradshaw, GK (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992901039 ER PT S AU Gapp, N Carpenter, B AF Gapp, Nathan Carpenter, Bernie GP IEEE TI Modular Solar Array Flight Experiment: A Platform for Rapid Technology Evaluation SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE modular solar array; technology upgrade; space photovoltaics; resiliency; technology validation; STPSat-4 AB The need to test new space solar array systems within their combined effects operational environment persists. Previous flight experiments have characterized cell electrical behavior, yielding valuable degradation and performance information--at the cell level. Unfortunately, many space vehicles experience failures at a higher level of integration. The Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) continues to invest in advanced cell, string, and structural technologies for solar arrays, which must be validated as a complete assembly within the space environment. This paper outlines engineering objectives and flight configuration for the Modular Solar Array (MSA) flight experiment. MSA in this application serves as an experimental platform but was also designed to address the current, labor intensive practice of fabricating custom solar arrays. This is accomplished by standardizing the module's mechanical and electrical interfaces while retaining high photovoltaic cell packing factor. Commonality among modules facilitates rapid power system design, damaged module replacement and new technology insertion. As such this flight experiment has two principle thrusts: ground demonstration of the flexibility of modular architectures, and acquisition of string level performance data within a near earth orbit. The on-orbit data gathered will be compared to ground test data to improve confidence in scaling MSA for use on LEO, GEO spacecraft. C1 [Gapp, Nathan] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. Aerosp Corp, Albuquerque, NM 87111 USA. RP Gapp, N (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992901046 ER PT S AU Hausgen, PE Bradshaw, GK Wilt, D Jenkins, PP AF Hausgen, Paul E. Bradshaw, Geoffrey K. Wilt, David Jenkins, Phillip P. GP IEEE TI Flight Results for the Passive MISSE 7 Coatings and Coverglass Panel Experiment SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE coverglass; ESD coatings; anti-reflection coatings; ultraviolet radiation rejection; solar cells AB The Coverglass and Coatings Panel flight experiment was flown on the International Space Station. A total of 48 passive samples were flight tested. The samples included new solar cell coverglass material, coverglass replacement technology, new transparent conductive coatings, ultraviolet rejection coatings, and anti-reflection coatings. The experiment was returned to earth after 543 days on-orbit. Pre-flight and post-flight transmission measurements were used to assess the effect of the space environment on the samples. A number of new coverglass and coatings technologies for space solar cells have been shown to perform well in a Low Earth Orbit. Given the proven performance, these technologies are potential candidates for use on operational space solar arrays. C1 [Hausgen, Paul E.; Bradshaw, Geoffrey K.; Wilt, David] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Jenkins, Phillip P.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Hausgen, PE (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992901045 ER PT S AU Phillips, AB Tompkins, BL Song, ZN Khanal, ER Liyanage, GK Gapp, ND Wilt, DM Heben, MJ AF Phillips, Adam B. Tompkins, Brandon L. Song, Zhaoning Khanal, Endra R. Liyanage, Geethika K. Gapp, Nathan D. Wilt, David M. Heben, Michael J. GP IEEE TI Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Cu Metal Matrix Composites for Current Collection from Space Photovoltaics SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE Carbon Nanotubes; MMC; IMM; Fracture ID FILMS; TRANSPARENT AB There is a strong desire to reduce the weight and increase the power output of photovoltaics devices for space applications while simultaneously reducing cost. The inverted metamorphic multijunction (IMM) cell is an advanced III-V device architecture that provides routes to higher on-orbit power production. A higher specific power is provided by a combination of high efficiency and a thin, low-weight device. As crystalline devices become thinner, however, they are more prone to fracture/cleaving failure. In the most benign case, fracture may simply disconnect a portion of the cell from the power providing circuit. More seriously, fracture can also lead to an open string. These problems may be mitigated by the development of fracture/cleave-tolerant devices. In this paper we consider a novel fabrication route to form metal matrix composites (MMCs) comprised of carbon nanotubes embedded in metals such as Ag and Cu. The MMCs will be used to fabricate grid-lines and back-metal layers for IMM cells with a goal of maintaining cell active area even after fracture/cleavage failures. C1 [Phillips, Adam B.; Tompkins, Brandon L.; Song, Zhaoning; Khanal, Endra R.; Liyanage, Geethika K.; Heben, Michael J.] Univ Toledo, Dept Phys & Astron, Sch Solar & Adv Renewable Energy, Wright Ctr Photovolta Innovat & Commercializat, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. [Gapp, Nathan D.; Wilt, David M.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Phillips, AB (reprint author), Univ Toledo, Dept Phys & Astron, Sch Solar & Adv Renewable Energy, Wright Ctr Photovolta Innovat & Commercializat, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992900077 ER PT S AU Wilt, DM Howard, AD Bradshaw, GK Wisler, T Jenkin, PP Scheiman, DA Lorentzen, JR AF Wilt, David M. Howard, Alex D. Bradshaw, Geoffrey K. Wisler, Tracy Jenkin, Philip P. Scheiman, David A. Lorentzen, Justin R. GP IEEE TI Post-Flight Analysis of MISSE-8 Advanced Photovoltaic Technologies SO 2015 IEEE 42ND PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 14-19, 2015 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE flight test; solar cells; space photovoltaics AB Advanced photovoltaic technologies were tested aboard the eighth Materials International Space Station Experiment (MISSE-8) as part of the third Forward Technology Solar Cell Experiment (FTSCE-III) over a period of approximately 26 months. The Air Force Research Laboratory Space Vehicles Directorate in collaboration with the Naval Research Laboratory flew a myriad of experiments to evaluate advanced photovoltaic cell and material technologies. Such data is critical for technology development and future transition to operational use. These experiments were comprised of inverted metamorphic (IMM) and other thin film and advanced III-V cells from multiple vendors. In addition, quantum dot enhanced solar cells and advanced solar cell coverglass replacements were flow. This paper compares the pre and post flight characterization of these advanced technologies. C1 [Wilt, David M.; Howard, Alex D.; Bradshaw, Geoffrey K.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Wisler, Tracy] Appl Technol Associates, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. [Jenkin, Philip P.; Scheiman, David A.; Lorentzen, Justin R.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Wilt, DM (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-7944-8 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2015 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE2SX UT WOS:000369992902093 ER PT S AU Kirkland, LV Tjoland, W AF Kirkland, Larry V. Tjoland, Wayne GP IEEE TI ITA or ITEA A Comprehensive Dissimilarity SO 2015 IEEE AUTOTESTCON SE IEEE Autotestcon LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 51st Annual IEEE AUTOTESTCON Conference CY NOV 02-05, 2015 CL National Harbor, MD SP IEEE, IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc, IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc AB Although it is assumed an Interface Test Adapter (ITA) is an Interface Test Adapter; this is not necessarily true. The whole concept of an Interface Test Adapter is to route Automatic Test Equipment (ATE) signals from the ATE to the Unit Under Test (UUT) and signals from the UUT to the ATE. Also, the ITA has the UUT connector and card guides (when testing circuit cards) so the UUT can be connected to the test equipment. However, there can profound differences between ITAs and ITA concepts. The profound difference between ITAs is the use of active components. Adding active components, over and above the standard noise reducing capacitors or load resistors (passive components), essentially makes the ITA part of the test equipment itself. Making the ITA part of the test equipment itself changes its' whole nature. Using the standard term for an ITA containing active components or test equipment is misleading. The term Interface Test Equipment Adapter (ITEA) should be used for ITAs containing active components. This gives the program manager and user a heads up about the true function of an ITA and the long term support requirements. After years of trials and errors with our ITA designs, we discovered the use of robust test equipment and straight wire ITAs is the proper technical approach. Straight wire ITAs are ITAs which contain standard passive components such as noise reducing components like capacitors and/or load resistors and straight wire connections between the UUT and the ATE. Interface test adapters are truly the place where the "rubber meets the road" in any automated test system (ATS). As the primary electrical interface between the ATS and the unit under test, the ITA occupies a critical juncture in the overall effectiveness of the ATS concept. For military applications where identical ITA configurations will be produced to support various field or depot installations, ITA reliability, repair-ability, and cost of production are valid considerations in evaluating design concepts.(1) When the ITA takes up the slack of the ATE and acts as part of the ATE by using active components then the ITA should be identified as an ITEA. Active components are those that require electrical power to operate or are designated active by their reliability or signal control. As an example, active components could be a power supply, storage or memory devices, transistors, diodes and integrated circuits but would exclude system components such as the chassis, capacitors, resistors or enclosures that do not require electrical power to operate (called passive components). This paper discusses lessons-learned and the profound difference between ITAs containing active components and ITAs containing only passive components. C1 [Kirkland, Larry V.] WesTest Engn Corp, 810 Shepard Lane, Farmington, UT 84025 USA. [Tjoland, Wayne] OO ALC 309th Software Maintenance Grp, 5925 Southgate Ave, Hill AFB, UT 84056 USA. RP Kirkland, LV (reprint author), WesTest Engn Corp, 810 Shepard Lane, Farmington, UT 84025 USA. EM larryk@westest.com; wayne.tjoland@us.af.mil NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1088-7725 BN 978-1-4799-8190-8 J9 IEEE AUTOTESTCON PY 2015 BP 415 EP 421 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BE2IF UT WOS:000369339800070 ER PT S AU Badenhop, C Fuller, J Hall, J Ramsey, B Rice, M AF Badenhop, Christopher Fuller, Jonathan Hall, Joseph Ramsey, Benjamin Rice, Mason BE Rice, M Shenoi, S TI EVALUATING ITU-T G.9959 BASED WIRELESS SYSTEMS USED IN CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE ASSETS SO CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION IX SE IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Annual IFIP Working Group 11.10 International Conference on Critical Infrastructure Protection (ICCIP) CY MAR 16-18, 2015 CL SRI Int, Arlington, VA SP IFIP Working Grp 11 10 HO SRI Int DE ITU-T G.9959; Z-Wave; vulnerabilities; wireless sniffing AB ITU-T G.9959 wireless connectivity is increasingly incorporated in the critical infrastructure. However, evaluating the robustness and security of commercially-available products based on this standard is challenging due to the closed-source nature of the transceiver and application designs. Given that ITU-T G.9959 transceivers are being used in smart grids, building security systems and safety sensors, the development of reliable, open-source tools would enhance the ability to monitor and secure ITU-T G.9959 networks. This chapter discusses the ITU-T G.9959 wireless standard and research on ITU-T G.9959 network security. An open-source, software-defined radio implementation of an ITU-T G.9959 protocol sniffer is used to explore several passive reconnaissance techniques and deduce the properties of active network devices. The experimental results show that some properties are observable regardless of whether or not encryption is used. In particular, the acknowledgment response times vary due to differences in vendor firmware implementations. C1 [Badenhop, Christopher] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Fuller, Jonathan; Ramsey, Benjamin; Rice, Mason] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Comp Sci, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Hall, Joseph] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Cyberspace Operat, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Badenhop, C (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1868-4238 BN 978-3-319-26567-4; 978-3-319-26566-7 J9 IFIP ADV INF COMM TE PY 2015 VL 466 BP 209 EP 227 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-26567-4_13 PG 19 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BE2GA UT WOS:000369166300013 ER PT J AU MacKie-Mason, B Greenwood, A Peng, Z AF MacKie-Mason, Brian Greenwood, Andrew Peng, Zhen TI Adaptive and Parallel Surface Integral Equation Solvers for Very Large-Scale Electromagnetic Modeling and Simulation SO PROGRESS IN ELECTROMAGNETICS RESEARCH-PIER LA English DT Article ID DOMAIN DECOMPOSITION METHOD; SCATTERING PROBLEMS; WAVE SCATTERING; LINEAR-SYSTEMS; ALGORITHM; DISCRETIZATION; MOMENTS; OBJECTS; SCHEME; EFIE AB This work investigates an adaptive, parallel and scalable integral equation solver for very large-scale electromagnetic modeling and simulation. A complicated surface model is decomposed into a collection of components, all of which are discretized independently and concurrently using a discontinuous Galerkin boundary element method. An additive Schwarz domain decomposition method is proposed next for the efficient and robust solution of linear systems resulting from discontinuous Galerkin discretizations. The work leads to a rapidly-convergent integral equation solver that is scalable for large multi-scale objects. Furthermore, it serves as a basis for parallel and scalable computational algorithms to reduce the time complexity via advanced distributed computing systems. Numerical experiments are performed on large computer clusters to characterize the performance of the proposed method. Finally, the capability and benefits of the resulting algorithms are exploited and illustrated through different types of real-world applications on high performance computing systems. C1 [MacKie-Mason, Brian; Peng, Zhen] Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Greenwood, Andrew] US Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Peng, Z (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM pengz@unm.edu FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [CCF-1526605]; U.S. Department of Defense HPC Modernization Program [PP-CEA-KY06-003-P3] FX The work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation (NSF) through award #CCF-1526605, and in part by the U.S. Department of Defense HPC Modernization Program, PP-CEA-KY06-003-P3. NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU E M W PUBLISHING PI CAMBRIDGE PA PO BOX 425517, KENDALL SQUARE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 USA SN 1559-8985 J9 PROG ELECTROMAGN RES JI Prog. Electromagn. Res. PY 2015 VL 154 BP 143 EP 162 DI 10.2528/PIER15113001 PG 20 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA DC9II UT WOS:000369534400011 ER PT B AU Loukitcheva, M Solanki, SK White, SM Carlsson, M AF Loukitcheva, Maria Solanki, Sami K. White, Stephen M. Carlsson, Mats BE Iono, D Tatematsu, K Wootten, A Testi, L TI Probing the Sun with ALMA: Observations and Simulations SO REVOLUTION IN ASTRONOMY WITH ALMA: THE THIRD YEAR SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th ALMA Science Conference on Revolution in Astronomy with ALMA: The Third Year CY DEC 08-11, 2014 CL Tokyo Int Forum, Tokyo, JAPAN HO Tokyo Int Forum ID MILLIMETER-INTERFEROMETER OBSERVATIONS; SOLAR CHROMOSPHERE; ATMOSPHERE; MODEL AB ALMA will open a new chapter in the study of the Sun by providing a leap in spatial resolution and sensitivity compared to currently available mm wavelength observations. In preparation of ALMA, we have carried out a large number of observational tests and state-of-the-art radiation MHD simulations. Here we review the best available observations of the Sun at millimeter wavelengths.Using state of the art radiation MHD simulations of the solar atmosphere we demonstrate the huge potential of ALMA observations for uncovering the nature of the solar chromosphere. We show that ALMA will not only provide a reliable probe of the thermal structure and dynamics of the chromosphere, it will also open up a powerful new diagnostic of magnetic field at chromospheric heights, a fundamentally important, but so far poorly known parameter. C1 [Loukitcheva, Maria; Solanki, Sami K.] Max Planck Inst Sonnensyst Forsch, Gottingen, Germany. [Loukitcheva, Maria] St Petersburg Univ, Astron Inst, St Petersburg, Russia. [Solanki, Sami K.] Kyung Hee Univ, Sch Space Res, Yongin 446701, Gyeonggi, South Korea. [White, Stephen M.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. [Carlsson, Mats] Univ Oslo, Inst Theoret Astrophys, Oslo, Norway. RP Loukitcheva, M (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Sonnensyst Forsch, Gottingen, Germany. EM lukicheva@mps.mpg.de NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-883-1; 978-1-58381-882-4 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2015 VL 499 BP 349 EP 350 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BE2JX UT WOS:000369469500119 ER PT S AU Lombardi, JP Aga, RS Heckman, EM Bartsch, CM AF Lombardi, J. P., III Aga, Roberto S., Jr. Heckman, Emily M. Bartsch, Carrie M. BE Burgess, D Owen, G Rana, H Zamboni, R Kajzar, F Szep, AA TI Fabrication and characterization of an inkjet-printed DNA biopolymer-based UV photodetector SO OPTICS AND PHOTONICS FOR COUNTERTERRORISM, CRIME FIGHTING, AND DEFENCE XI; AND OPTICAL MATERIALS AND BIOMATERIALS IN SECURITY AND DEFENCE SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY XII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optics and Photonics for Counterterrorism, Crime Fighting, and Defence XI; and Optical Materials and Biomaterials in Security and Defence Systems Technology XII CY SEP 21-23, 2015 CL Toulouse, FRANCE SP SPIE DE DNA; Biopolymer; Photodetector; inkjet printing ID ENERGY; FILMS; PAPER AB An ultraviolet (UV) photodetector utilizing an inkjet printable, UV photoconducting biopolymer was fabricated and the performance of the photodetector was characterized for varying thickness layers of the biopolymer. The biopolymer was formed of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), the Clevios P formulation of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)poly( styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT: PSS), and hexadecyltrimethyl-ammonium chloride (CTMA); this was then combined with phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl (PCBM) to form the printable, UV photoconducting biopolymer. Using a 260-nm source, the highest measured responsivity of the photodetectors is 1.2 mA/W at 20 V bias. C1 [Lombardi, J. P., III] SUNY Binghamton, Dept Syst Sci & Ind Engn, 4400 Vestal Pkwy East, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. [Aga, Roberto S., Jr.] Wyle Labs, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Heckman, Emily M.; Bartsch, Carrie M.] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lombardi, JP (reprint author), SUNY Binghamton, Dept Syst Sci & Ind Engn, 4400 Vestal Pkwy East, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-862-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9652 AR 96520X DI 10.1117/12.2199921 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Biomaterials; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BE2CU UT WOS:000369009400025 ER PT S AU Barmashenko, BD Auslender, I Rosenwaks, S Zhdanov, B Rotondaro, M Knize, RJ AF Barmashenko, Boris D. Auslender, Ilya Rosenwaks, Salman Zhdanov, Boris Rotondaro, Matthew Knize, Randall J. BE Ackermann, H Bohn, WL Titterton, DH Grasso, RJ Richardson, MA TI Modeling of pulsed K DPAL taking into account the spatial variation of the pump and laser intensities in the transverse direction SO TECHNOLOGIES FOR OPTICAL COUNTERMEASURES XII; AND HIGH-POWER LASERS 2015: TECHNOLOGY AND SYSTEMS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Conference on Technologies for Optical Countermeasures and High-Power Lasers - Technology and Systems CY SEP 21-24, 2015 CL Toulouse, FRANCE SP SPIE DE gas lasers; diode pumping; gas flows ID ALKALI LASERS AB We report on a model of highly efficient static, pulsed K DPAL [Zhdanov et al, Optics Express 22, 17266 (2014)], where Gaussian spatial shapes of the pump and laser intensities in any cross section of the beams are assumed. The model shows good agreement between the calculated and measured dependence of the laser power on the incident pump power. In particular, the model reproduces the observed threshold pump power, 22 W (corresponding to pump intensity of 4 kW/cm(2)), which is much higher than that predicted by the standard semi- analytical models of the DPAL. The reason for the large values of the threshold power is that the volume occupied by the excited K atoms contributing to the spontaneous emission is much larger than the volumes of the pump and laser beams in the laser cell, resulting in very large energy losses due to the spontaneous emission. To reduce the adverse effect of the high threshold power, high pump power is needed, and therefore gas flow with high gas velocity to avoid heating the gas has to be applied. Thus, for obtaining high power, highly efficient K DPAL, subsonic or supersonic flowing-gas device is needed. C1 [Barmashenko, Boris D.; Auslender, Ilya; Rosenwaks, Salman] Ben Gurion Univ Negev, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. [Zhdanov, Boris; Rotondaro, Matthew; Knize, Randall J.] US Air Force Acad, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Ste 2A31, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Barmashenko, BD (reprint author), Ben Gurion Univ Negev, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. EM barmash@bgu.ac.il NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-860-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9650 AR 96500B DI 10.1117/12.2193579 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BE1UO UT WOS:000368593900007 ER PT S AU Zhdanov, BV Rotondaro, MD Shaffer, MK Knize, RJ AF Zhdanov, Boris V. Rotondaro, Matthew D. Shaffer, Michael K. Knize, Randall J. BE Ackermann, H Bohn, WL Titterton, DH Grasso, RJ Richardson, MA TI Low pressure Cesium and Potassium Diode Pumped Alkali Lasers: pros and cons SO TECHNOLOGIES FOR OPTICAL COUNTERMEASURES XII; AND HIGH-POWER LASERS 2015: TECHNOLOGY AND SYSTEMS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Conference on Technologies for Optical Countermeasures and High-Power Lasers - Technology and Systems CY SEP 21-24, 2015 CL Toulouse, FRANCE SP SPIE DE Atomic gas lasers; Lasers; diode-pumped; DPALs ID VAPOR LASER; CS LASER AB This paper based on the talk presented at the Security plus Defence 2015 Conference held at Toulouse, France in September 2015. In this paper we present the results of our experiments on a comparative study of Cesium and Potassium based DPALs aimed to determine which of these two lasers has better potential for scaling to high powers. For both lasers we have chosen a so called "low pressure DPAL approach", which uses buffer gas pressure of about 1 Atm for spin-orbit mixing of the exited states of alkali atoms to provide population inversion in the gain medium. The goal of this study was to determine power limiting effects, which affect performance of these DPALs, and find out how these limiting effects can be mitigated. The experiments were performed using both static and flowing gain medium. In our experiments, we studied the performance of both lasers in CW and pulsed modes with different pulse duration and observed output power degradation in time from the initial value to the level corresponding to the CW mode of operation. As a result of this study, we revealed some essential positive and negative features of both DPALs, which should be taken into account for power scaling experiments. C1 [Zhdanov, Boris V.; Rotondaro, Matthew D.; Shaffer, Michael K.; Knize, Randall J.] US Air Force Acad, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Ste 2A31, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Zhdanov, BV (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Laser & Opt Res Ctr, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Ste 2A31, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM Boris.zhdanov.ctr@usafa.edu NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-860-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9650 AR 96500D DI 10.1117/12.2194318 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BE1UO UT WOS:000368593900009 ER PT S AU Couture, PA Vedral, JL Lee, DA Musselman, RL Pinchuk, AO AF Couture, Paul A. Vedral, James L. Lee, David A. Musselman, Randall L. Pinchuk, Anatoliy O. BE Engheta, N Noginov, MA Zheludev, NI TI Polarization and Angle Dependent Transmission through Microwave Metamaterials in the Ku Frequency Band SO METAMATERIALS, METADEVICES, AND METASYSTEMS 2015 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Metamaterials, Metadevices, and Metasystems CY AUG 09-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE AB We present experimental and theoretical study of the transmission of linearly polarized microwaves through a slab of negative index of refraction metamaterials. A metamaterial slab was designed with an extended S-Shaped Split Ring Resonator (ES-SRR) to exhibit a negative index of refraction around 13.25 +/- 0.75 GHz which is a commercially leased microwave band for satellite communications. The metamaterial slab exhibits a pass-band filter transmission behavior around 12.5 GHz to 14 GHz, encompassing the Ku-band. C1 [Couture, Paul A.; Vedral, James L.; Pinchuk, Anatoliy O.] Univ Colorado, Phys & Energy Sci Dept, Colorado Springs, CO 80918 USA. [Lee, David A.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Mat Engn Dept, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Musselman, Randall L.] US Air Force Acad, Elect & Comp Engn Dept, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Couture, PA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Phys & Energy Sci Dept, 1420 Austin Bluffs Pkwy, Colorado Springs, CO 80918 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-710-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9544 AR 95442O DI 10.1117/12.2187244 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics GA BE1IY UT WOS:000368010300072 ER PT S AU Nath, J Panjwani, D Khalilzadeh-Rezaie, F Yesiltas, M Smith, EM Ginn, JC Shelton, DJ Hirschmugl, C Cleary, JW Peale, RE AF Nath, Janardan Panjwani, Deep Khalilzadeh-Rezaie, Farnood Yesiltas, Mehmet Smith, Evan M. Ginn, James C. Shelton, David J. Hirschmugl, Carol Cleary, Justin W. Peale, Robert E. BE Engheta, N Noginov, MA Zheludev, NI TI Infra-red spectral microscopy of standing-wave resonances in single metal-dielectric-metal thin-film cavity SO METAMATERIALS, METADEVICES, AND METASYSTEMS 2015 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Metamaterials, Metadevices, and Metasystems CY AUG 09-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Metamaterial absorbers; Infra-red (IR); Mid-IR; Synchrotron radiation; diffraction limited IR imaging ID METAMATERIAL ABSORBER; TERAHERTZ REGIME; DESIGN AB Resonantly absorbing thin films comprising periodically sub-wavelength structured metal surface, dielectric spacer, and metal ground plane are a topic of current interest with important applications. These structures are frequently described as "metamaterials", where effective permittivity and permeability with dispersion near electric and magnetic resonances allow impedance matching to free space for maximum absorption. In this paper, we compare synchrotron-based infrared spectral microscopy of a single isolated unit cell and a periodic array, and we show that the resonances have little to do with periodicity. Instead, the observed absorption spectra of usual periodically structured thin films are best described as due to standing-wave resonances within each independent unit cell, rather than as due to effective optical constants of a metamaterial. The effect of having arrays of unit cells is mainly to strengthen the absorption by increasing the fill factor, and such arrays need not be periodic. Initial work toward applying the subject absorbers to room-temperature bolometer arrays is presented. C1 [Nath, Janardan; Panjwani, Deep; Khalilzadeh-Rezaie, Farnood; Yesiltas, Mehmet; Smith, Evan M.; Peale, Robert E.] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Phys, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Smith, Evan M.; Ginn, James C.; Shelton, David J.] Plasmonics Inc, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. [Hirschmugl, Carol] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. [Cleary, Justin W.] AFRL, Sensors Directorate, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Nath, J (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Dept Phys, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. EM janardan..nath@knights.ucf.edu RI Panjwani, Deep/A-9250-2017 OI Panjwani, Deep/0000-0002-8351-6138 NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-710-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9544 AR 95442M DI 10.1117/12.2188198 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics GA BE1IY UT WOS:000368010300070 ER PT S AU Gorwara, A Molchanov, P Asmolova, O AF Gorwara, Ashok Molchanov, Pavlo Asmolova, Olga BE Carapezza, EM Datskos, PG Tsamis, C Laycock, L White, HJ TI Doppler micro sense and avoid radar SO UNMANNED/UNATTENDED SENSORS AND SENSOR NETWORKS XI; AND ADVANCED FREE-SPACE OPTICAL COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned/Unattended Sensors and Sensor Networks XI; and Advanced Free-Space Optical Communication Techniques and Applications CY SEP 23-24, 2015 CL Toulouse, FRANCE SP SPIE DE Doppler; radar; micro; sense; avoid; drone; array; directional antenna AB There is a need for small Sense and Avoid (SAA) systems for small and micro Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) to avoid collisions with obstacles and other aircraft. The proposed SAA systems will give drones the ability to "see" close up and give them the agility to maneuver through tight areas. Doppler radar is proposed for use in this sense and avoid system because in contrast to optical or infrared (IR) systems Doppler can work in more harsh conditions such as at dusk, and in rain and snow. And in contrast to ultrasound based systems, Doppler can better sense small sized obstacles such as wires and it can provide a sensing range from a few inches to several miles. An SAA systems comprised of Doppler radar modules and an array of directional antennas that are distributed around the perimeter of the drone can cover the entire sky. These modules are designed so that they can provide the direction to the obstacle and simultaneously generate an alarm signal if the obstacle enters within the SAA system's adjustable "Protection Border". The alarm signal alerts the drone's autopilot to automatically initiate an avoidance maneuver. A series of Doppler radar modules with different ranges, angles of view and transmitting power have been designed for drones of different sizes and applications. The proposed Doppler radar micro SAA system has simple circuitry, works from a 5 volt source and has low power consumption. It is light weight, inexpensive and it can be used for a variety of small unmanned aircraft. C1 [Gorwara, Ashok; Molchanov, Pavlo] Planar Monolith Ind Inc, Frederick, MD 21704 USA. [Asmolova, Olga] US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Gorwara, A (reprint author), Planar Monolith Ind Inc, 7311-F Grove Rd, Frederick, MD 21704 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-857-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9647 AR 964708 DI 10.1117/12.2201066 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BE0YO UT WOS:000367450600004 ER PT S AU Camburn, BA Jensen, D Crawford, R Otto, K Wood, K AF Camburn, Bradley Adam Jensen, Daniel Crawford, Richard Otto, Kevin Wood, Kristin BE Weber, C Husung, S Cantamessa, M Cascini, G Marjanovic, D Graziosi, S TI EVALUATION OF A STRATEGIC METHOD TO IMPROVE PROTOTYPE PERFORMANCE WITH REDUCED COST AND FABRICATION TIME SO DS 80-4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE 20TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENGINEERING DESIGN (ICED 15) VOL 4: DESIGN FOR X, DESIGN TO X SE International Conference on Engineering Design LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Engineering Design (ICED) CY JUL 27-31, 2015 CL Milan, ITALY DE Design methods; Early design phases; Product modelling; models; Prototyping ID PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT; DESIGN AB Prototyping is tied into many stages of product development, where implementation choices have critical effects on overall design outcome. We review six techniques for strategic prototyping and synthesize empirically derived heuristics for their application. The heuristics are integrated in a generalized method for strategic prototyping. Two complementary experiments are conducted to evaluate each technique, as well as one potential form of the method. Direct performance measurement quantifies the continued marginal performance increases associated with iteration (build and test cycle of a single concept), and the benefit of pursuing multiple design concepts. Results also show scaled prototyping, subsystem isolation, requirement relaxation, and virtual prototyping can reduce cost and fabrication time. The method is correlated with increased use of these techniques, and higher quantitative final performance. The strategy method is a broad planning tool that leads to improvement of final design performance and reducted fabrication cost and time. Potential areas for improvement are evaluation of: marginal benefits from many parallel concept tests, and alternate method layouts. C1 [Camburn, Bradley Adam; Otto, Kevin; Wood, Kristin] Singapore Univ Technol & Design, Singapore, Singapore. [Jensen, Daniel] US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Crawford, Richard] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Camburn, BA (reprint author), Singapore Univ Technol & Design, Engn Prod Dev, Singapore, Singapore. EM bcamburn@gmail.com NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU DESIGN SOC PI GLASGOW PA UNIV STRATHCLYDE, DMEM, 75 MONTROSE ST, GLASGOW, GI 1XJ, ENGLAND SN 2220-4334 BN 978-1-904670-67-4 J9 INT CONF ENG DES PY 2015 PG 10 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing SC Engineering GA BE0TZ UT WOS:000366982900033 ER PT S AU Guss, P Foster, ME Wong, BM Doty, FP Shah, K Squillante, MR Shirwadkar, U Hawrami, R Tower, J Stampahar, T Mukhopadhyay, S AF Guss, Paul Foster, Michael E. Wong, Bryan M. Doty, F. Patrick Shah, Kanai Squillante, Michael R. Shirwadkar, Urmila Hawrami, Rastgo Tower, Josh Stampahar, Thomas Mukhopadhyay, Sanjoy BE Franks, L James, RB Fiederle, M Burger, A TI Linearity response of Ca2+-doped CeBr3 as a function of gamma ray energy SO HARD X-RAY, GAMMA-RAY, AND NEUTRON DETECTOR PHYSICS XVII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Hard X-Ray, Gamma-Ray, and Neutron Detector Physics XVII CY AUG 10-12, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE detector; resolution; scintillator materials; gamma ray detector; cerium tribromide; CeBr3; high-resolution detector; halides; rare-earth compounds; scintillator; gamma spectral comparison; resolution; aliovalent substitution ID DISTRIBUTION COEFFICIENT; SOLID SOLUBILITY; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; TEMPERATURE; IMPURITIES; ZIRCONIA AB An aliovalently calcium-doped cerium tribromide (CeBr3:Ca2+) crystal was prepared with a gamma-energy resolution (FWHM) of 3.2% at the Cs-137 662 keV gamma energy. We completed a crystal assessment and calculated the predictive performance and physical characteristics using density functional theory (DFT) formalism. Detector performance, characteristics, calcium doping concentration, and crystal strength are reported. The structural, electronic, and optical properties of CeBr3 crystals were investigated using the DFT within generalized gradient approximation. Specifically, we see excellent linearity of photons per unit energy with the aliovalent CeBr3:Ca2+ crystal. Proportionality of light yield is one area of performance in which Ce-doped and Ce-based lanthanide halides excel. Maintaining proportionality is the key to producing a strong, high-performance scintillator. Relative light yield proportionality was measured for both doped and undoped samples of CeBr3 to ensure no loss in performance was incurred by doping. The light output and proportionality for doped CeBr3, however, appears to be similar to that of undoped CeBr3. The new crystal was subjected to additional testing and evaluation, including a benchmark spectroscopy assessment. Results, which present energy resolution as a function of energy, are summarized. Typical spectroscopy results using a Cs-137 radiation source are shown for our crystallites with diameters <1 cm. We obtain energy resolution of 3.2% before packing the crystallite in a sealed detector container and 4.5% after packing. Spectra were also obtained for Am-241, Co-60, Th-228, and background to illustrate the spectrosocopic quality of CeBr3:Ca2+ over a broader energy range. C1 [Guss, Paul; Stampahar, Thomas] Natl Secur Technol LLC, Remote Sensing Lab Nellis, POB 98521,M-S RSL-09, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. [Foster, Michael E.; Wong, Bryan M.; Doty, F. Patrick] Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Chem Mat, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Shah, Kanai; Squillante, Michael R.; Shirwadkar, Urmila; Hawrami, Rastgo; Tower, Josh] Radiat Monitoring Devices Inc, Watertown, MA 02472 USA. [Mukhopadhyay, Sanjoy] Natl Secur Technol LLC, Remote Sensing Lab Andrews, Andrews AFB, MD 20762 USA. RP Guss, P (reprint author), Natl Secur Technol LLC, Remote Sensing Lab Nellis, POB 98521,M-S RSL-09, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. EM gusspp@nv.doe.gov NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-759-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9593 AR UNSP 959304 DI 10.1117/12.2186181 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BE0MJ UT WOS:000366300100001 ER PT S AU Haugan, HJ Szmulowicz, F Mahalingam, K Brown, GJ Bowers, SL Peoples, JA AF Haugan, H. J. Szmulowicz, F. Mahalingam, K. Brown, G. J. Bowers, S. L. Peoples, J. A. BE LeVan, PD Sood, AK Wijewarnasuriya, P DSouza, AI TI Compositional control of the mixed anion alloys in gallium-free InAs/InAsSb superlattice materials for infrared sensing SO INFRARED SENSORS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Sensors, Devices, and Applications V CY AUG 12-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE ID II SUPERLATTICES; DETECTORS AB Gallium (Ga)-free InAs/InAsSb superlattices (SLs) are being actively explored for infrared detector applications due to the long minority carrier lifetimes observed in this material system. However, compositional and dimensional changes through antimony (Sb) segregation during InAsSb growth can significantly alter the detector properties from the original design. At the same time, precise compositional control of this mixed-anion alloy system is the most challenging aspect of Ga-free SL growth. In this study, the authors establish epitaxial conditions that can minimize Sb surface segregation during growth in order to achieve high-quality InAs/InAsSb SL materials. A nominal SL structure of 77 angstrom InAs/35 angstrom InAs0.7Sb0.3 that is tailored for an approximately six-micron response at 150 K was used to optimize the epitaxial parameters. Since the growth of mixed-anion alloys is complicated by the potential reaction of As-2 with Sb surfaces, the authors varied the deposition temperature (T-g) under a variety of As-x flux conditions in order to control the As2 surface reaction on a Sb surface. Experimental results reveal that, with the increase of T-g from 395 to 440 degrees C, Sb-mole fraction x in InAs1-xSbx layers is reduced by 21 %, under high As flux condition and only by 14 %, under low As flux condition. Hence, the Sb incorporation efficiency is extremely sensitive to minor variations in epitaxial conditions. Since a change in the designed compositions and effective layer widths related to Sb segregation disrupts the strain balance and can significantly impact the long-wavelength threshold and carrier lifetime, further epitaxial studies are needed in order to advance the state-of-the-art of this material system. C1 [Haugan, H. J.; Szmulowicz, F.; Mahalingam, K.; Brown, G. J.; Bowers, S. L.; Peoples, J. A.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Haugan, HJ (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-775-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9609 AR UNSP 960906 DI 10.1117/12.2186188 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BE0OW UT WOS:000366502300004 ER PT S AU LeVan, P Sakoglu, U Stegall, M Pierce, G AF LeVan, Paul Sakoglu, Uenal Stegall, Mark Pierce, Greg BE LeVan, PD Sood, AK Wijewarnasuriya, P DSouza, AI TI LWIR pupil imaging & prospects for background compensation SO INFRARED SENSORS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Sensors, Devices, and Applications V CY AUG 12-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE infrared; LWIR; read-out integrated circuit; background suppression AB A previous paper described LWIR Pupil Imaging with a sensitive, low-flux focal plane array, and behavior of this type of system for higher flux operations as understood at the time. We continue this investigation, and report on a more detailed characterization of the system over a broad range of pixel fluxes. This characterization is then shown to enable non-uniformity correction over the flux range, using a standard approach. Since many commercial tracking platforms include a "guider port" that accepts pulse width modulation (PWM) error signals, we have also investigated a variation on the use of this port to "dither" the tracking platform in synchronization with the continuous collection of infrared images. The resulting capability has a broad range of applications that extend from generating scene motion in the laboratory for quantifying performance of "real-time, scene-based non-uniformity correction" approaches, to effectuating subtraction of bright backgrounds by alternating viewing aspect between a point source and adjacent, source-free backgrounds. C1 [LeVan, Paul] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Sakoglu, Uenal] Texas A&M Univ, Comp Sci Dept, Commerce, TX 75428 USA. [Stegall, Mark; Pierce, Greg] SE IR Inc, Goleta, CA 93117 USA. RP LeVan, P (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-775-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9609 AR UNSP 96090U DI 10.1117/12.2190354 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BE0OW UT WOS:000366502300020 ER PT S AU Fahey, S Velicu, S Bommena, R Zhao, J Cowan, V Morath, C Sivananthan, S AF Fahey, Stephen Velicu, Silviu Bommena, Ramana Zhao, Jun Cowan, Vincent Morath, Christian Sivananthan, Sivalingam BE Taylor, EW Cardimona, DA TI Proton irradiation of MWIR HgCdTe/CdZnTe SO NANOPHOTONICS AND MACROPHOTONICS FOR SPACE ENVIRONMENTS IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Optics and Photonics Conference on Nanophotonics and Macrophotonics for Space Environments IX CY AUG 10-11, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE HgCdTe; MWIR; infrared; proton irradiation; dark current; quantum efficiency; total ionizing dose AB High performance infrared sensors are vulnerable to slight changes in defect densities and locations. For example in a space application where such sensors are exposed to proton irradiation capable of generating point defects the sensors are known to suffer performance degradation. The degradation can generally be observed in terms of dark current density and responsivity degradations. Here we report results of MWIR HgCdTe/CdZnTe single element diodes dark current densities before and after exposure to 63MeV protons at room temperature to a total ionizing dose of 100 kRad(Si). We find the irradiated diodes as a group show some signs of proton-induced damage in dark current. C1 [Fahey, Stephen; Velicu, Silviu; Bommena, Ramana; Zhao, Jun; Sivananthan, Sivalingam] EPIR Technol Inc, Bolingbrook, IL 60640 USA. [Cowan, Vincent; Morath, Christian] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Fahey, S (reprint author), EPIR Technol Inc, 590 Terr Dr Unit B, Bolingbrook, IL 60640 USA. EM sfahey@epir.com NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-782-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9616 AR 96160E DI 10.1117/12.2189829 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BE0OL UT WOS:000366495300012 ER PT S AU Garduno, EA Waden, DL Cowan, VM Morath, CP AF Garduno, Eli A. Waden, Damien L. Cowan, Vincent M. Morath, Christian P. BE Taylor, EW Cardimona, DA TI Low-frequency noise spectrum measurements of mid-wave infrared nBn detectors with superlattice absorbers SO NANOPHOTONICS AND MACROPHOTONICS FOR SPACE ENVIRONMENTS IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Optics and Photonics Conference on Nanophotonics and Macrophotonics for Space Environments IX CY AUG 10-11, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE nBn; SLS; InAs/InAsSb; superlattice; noise; infrared AB Type-II Strained Layer Super lattice (T2SLS) infrared photodetectors have been in ongoing development over the last decade with the goal of achieving lower dark currents and higher operating temperatures when compared to mercury cadmium telluride (MCT) detectors. The theoretically longer Auger recombination lifetime of T2SLS has potential to lower dark current but the presence of Shockley-Read-Hall (SRH) defects limits the recombination lifetime far below the Auger-limit. In order to reduce SRH-recombination, unipolar barriers have been incorporated into the energy bands of T2SLS materials in different forms, such as nBn, to improve performance. Here, noise spectra are presented for varyingly sized, near 90% quantum efficiency, nBn mid-wave infrared (MWIR) detectors with superlattice absorbing layers grown by MBE. Noise spectrum measurements are used to evaluate device performance and reveal mechanisms contributing to low frequency noise that often exceeds predictions based on ideal shot noise. Voltage and temperature dependent noise spectra were taken using an external trans-impedance amplifier with an internal, cooled impedance converter and feedback resistor. C1 [Garduno, Eli A.; Cowan, Vincent M.; Morath, Christian P.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Waden, Damien L.] Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Garduno, EA (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM eli.garduno.1@us.af.mil NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-782-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9616 AR 96160H DI 10.1117/12.2188553 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BE0OL UT WOS:000366495300015 ER PT S AU Hopkins, FK Guha, S Claflin, B Schunemann, PG Zawilski, KT Giles, NC Halliburton, LE AF Hopkins, F. Kenneth Guha, Shekhar Claflin, Bruce Schunemann, Peter G. Zawilski, Kevin T. Giles, Nancy C. Halliburton, Larry E. BE Taylor, EW Cardimona, DA TI Potential of CdSiP2 for Enabling Mid-Infrared Laser Sources SO NANOPHOTONICS AND MACROPHOTONICS FOR SPACE ENVIRONMENTS IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Optics and Photonics Conference on Nanophotonics and Macrophotonics for Space Environments IX CY AUG 10-11, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE nonlinear optics; mid-infrared laser; chalcopyrite semiconductor; CdSiP2 ID OPTICAL PARAMETRIC OSCILLATOR; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; GROWTH; ZNGEP2; RANGE; POWER AB Laser sources operating near a wavelength of four microns are important for a broad range of space and airborne applications. Efficient solid-state laser sources, demonstrating the highest output power, are based upon nonlinear optical (NLO) conversion using the NLO crystal ZnGeP2. However, a related NLO crystal, CdSiP2, is now under investigation by several groups around the world. A comparison of its figure of merit for high-power handling with other NLO candidates indicates its potential for higher performance. In addition, the crystal's characteristics as well as efforts to understand the crystal's defects that presently limit NLO performance are briefly discussed. C1 [Hopkins, F. Kenneth; Guha, Shekhar; Claflin, Bruce] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Schunemann, Peter G.; Zawilski, Kevin T.] BAE Syst Inc, Nashua, NH 03061 USA. [Giles, Nancy C.] Air Force Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Halliburton, Larry E.] W Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Hopkins, FK (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-782-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9616 AR 96160W DI 10.1117/12.2196772 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BE0OL UT WOS:000366495300026 ER PT S AU Huang, DH Gao, F Cardimona, DA Morath, CP Cowan, VM AF Huang, Danhong Gao, Fei Cardimona, D. A. Morath, C. P. Cowan, V. M. BE Taylor, EW Cardimona, DA TI Microscopic Model for Studying Radiation Degradation of Electron Transport and Photodetection Devices SO NANOPHOTONICS AND MACROPHOTONICS FOR SPACE ENVIRONMENTS IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Optics and Photonics Conference on Nanophotonics and Macrophotonics for Space Environments IX CY AUG 10-11, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE microscopic model; point defect; diffusion dynamics; radiation degradation ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; DEFECT PRODUCTION; MAGNETIC-FIELD; QUANTUM WELLS; SCALE; IRRADIATION; SIMULATIONS; SILICON AB A microscopic-level model is proposed for exploring degraded performance in electron transport and photodetection devices, based on pre-calculated results as initial conditions for meso-scale approaches, including ultra-fast displacement cascade, intermediate defect stabilization and cluster formation, and slow defect reaction and migration. The steady-state spatial distribution of point defects in a mesoscopic-scale layered system will be studied by taking into account the planar dislocation loops and spherical neutral voids as well. These theoretical efforts are expected to be crucial in fully understanding the physical mechanism for identifying defect species, performance degradations, and the development of mitigation strategies. Additionally, verification of the current model by device characterization is discussed. C1 [Huang, Danhong; Cardimona, D. A.; Morath, C. P.; Cowan, V. M.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Gao, Fei] Univ Michigan, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Huang, DH (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-782-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9616 AR 96160S DI 10.1117/12.2186610 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BE0OL UT WOS:000366495300023 ER PT S AU Jenkins, GD Morath, CP Cowan, VM AF Jenkins, Geoffrey D. Morath, Christian P. Cowan, Vincent M. BE Taylor, EW Cardimona, DA TI Empirical trends of minority carrier recombination lifetime vs proton radiation for rad-hard IR detector materials SO NANOPHOTONICS AND MACROPHOTONICS FOR SPACE ENVIRONMENTS IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Optics and Photonics Conference on Nanophotonics and Macrophotonics for Space Environments IX CY AUG 10-11, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE proton; radiation; lifetime; minority; carrier; TRPL; photoluminescence AB The continuous effort to improve space-based infrared (IR) detectors has led to a search for greater fundamental understanding of radiation damage phenomena effects on key material properties. The material parameter of interest in this paper is the minority carrier recombination lifetime (MCRL), which is directly related to detector performance and can be empirically determined. As radiation damage is incurred upon a detector structure, the MCRL can be significantly affected, and tracking this in a step-wise, in-situ fashion at a radiation source can reveal rates of defect introduction. This has been accomplished by the development of a portable MCRL measurement system employing time resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) while maintaining operational temperatures. Using this methodology is more insightful than the so-called 'bag tests' (i.e. characterization before and after a single 100krad dosage) due to complex parameter changes witnessed with annealing as temperatures change. In addition to the system description, MCRL data on IR detectors from its inaugural deployments at a proton radiation source are analyzed and reveal a linear relationship between inverse MCRL and proton fluence. C1 [Jenkins, Geoffrey D.; Morath, Christian P.; Cowan, Vincent M.] US Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Jenkins, GD (reprint author), US Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-782-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9616 AR 96160G DI 10.1117/12.2188695 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BE0OL UT WOS:000366495300014 ER PT S AU Malone, MC Morath, CP Fahey, S Klein, B Cowan, VM Krishna, S AF Malone, Mitchell C. Morath, Christian P. Fahey, Stephen Klein, Brianna Cowan, Vincent M. Krishna, Sanjay BE Taylor, EW Cardimona, DA TI Progress towards vertical transport study of proton-irradiated InAs/GaSb type-II strained-layer superlattice materials for space-based infrared detectors using magnetoresistance measurements SO NANOPHOTONICS AND MACROPHOTONICS FOR SPACE ENVIRONMENTS IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Optics and Photonics Conference on Nanophotonics and Macrophotonics for Space Environments IX CY AUG 10-11, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Magnetoresistance; Magneto-transport; Type-II SLS; InAs/GaSb AB InAs/GaSb type-II strained-layer superlattice (T2SLS) materials are being considered for space-based infrared detector applications. However, an inadequate understanding of the role of carrier transport, specifically the vertical mobility, in the radiation tolerance of T2SLS detectors remains. Here, progress towards a vertical transport study of proton-irradiated, p-type InAs/GaSb T2SLS materials using magnetoresistance measurements is reported. Measurements in the growth direction of square mesas formed from InAs/GaSb superlattice material were performed using two distinct contact geometries in a Kelvin mode setup at variable magnetic fields, ranging from -9 T to 9 T, and temperatures, ranging from 5 K and 300 K. The results here suggested multi-carrier conduction and a field-dependent series resistance from the contact layer were present. The implications of these results and the plans for future magnetoresistance measurements on proton-irradiated T2SLS materials are discussed. C1 [Malone, Mitchell C.; Klein, Brianna; Krishna, Sanjay] Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Morath, Christian P.; Fahey, Stephen; Cowan, Vincent M.] Air Force Res Lab, RVSS, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Malone, MC (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. EM mmalone1@unm.edu; christian.morath.2@us.af.mil; vincent.cowan.1@us.af.mil; skrishna@chtm.unm.edu NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-782-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9616 AR 96160I DI 10.1117/12.2188405 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BE0OL UT WOS:000366495300016 ER PT S AU Martin, KW Melgaard, S Cowan, VM Hubbs, J Fraser, T Sheik-Bahae, M AF Martin, K. W. Melgaard, S. Cowan, V. M. Hubbs, J. Fraser, T. Sheik-Bahae, M. BE Taylor, EW Cardimona, DA TI Radiation effects on Yb:YLF crystals used in cryogenic optical refrigerators SO NANOPHOTONICS AND MACROPHOTONICS FOR SPACE ENVIRONMENTS IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Optics and Photonics Conference on Nanophotonics and Macrophotonics for Space Environments IX CY AUG 10-11, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Optical Refrigerators; Infrared Detectors; Cryogenics; Radiation Hardening AB Optical cooling of solids is a promising and innovative method to provide cryogenic cooling to infrared sensors. Currently insulator crystals, specifically ytterbium-doped yttrium-lithium-fluoride (Yb:YLF), have shown the most promise for cooling to low temperatures. This method has demonstrated cooling below the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) cryogenic temperature definition of less than 123 K. Optical refrigeration utilizes a phenomenon called anti-Stokes fluorescence to generate cooling power. Incident laser light is absorbed by the cooling crystal and photons are spontaneously emitted at a higher, and thus more energetic, frequency. The difference in frequency is proportional to the cooling power of the crystal. Anti-Stokes cooling is highly dependent on doping percentages and YLF crystal purity and structure. Space based infrared sensors and their coolers are operated in a radiation environment where protons, gamma rays, heavy ions, and other radiation species are common and of varying severities depending on operational orbit. To ensure that radiative effects on cooling crystal performance is minimal, we irradiated two samples with 63 MeV protons to a total ionizing dose of 100 Krad (Si) and 1 Mrad (Si), and compared cooling crystal efficiency parameters before and after dosing. C1 [Martin, K. W.] A Tech Corp Dba Appl Technol Associates, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. [Melgaard, S.; Sheik-Bahae, M.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Melgaard, S.; Cowan, V. M.; Fraser, T.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Melgaard, S.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Hubbs, J.] Ball Aerosp Syst Div, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Martin, KW (reprint author), A Tech Corp Dba Appl Technol Associates, 1300 Britt St SE, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-782-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9616 AR 96160V DI 10.1117/12.2189843 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BE0OL UT WOS:000366495300025 ER PT S AU Ramirez, DA Myers, SA Plis, E Kuznetsova, Y Morath, CP Cowan, VM Krishna, S AF Ramirez, David A. Myers, Stephen A. Plis, Elena Kuznetsova, Yuliya Morath, Christian P. Cowan, Vincent M. Krishna, Sanjay BE Taylor, EW Cardimona, DA TI MWIR Unipolar Barrier Photodetectors based on Strained Layer Superlattices SO NANOPHOTONICS AND MACROPHOTONICS FOR SPACE ENVIRONMENTS IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Optics and Photonics Conference on Nanophotonics and Macrophotonics for Space Environments IX CY AUG 10-11, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE ID II SUPERLATTICES AB In this work, we report on the design, fabrication, and characterization of MWIR unipolar barrier photodetectors based on InAs/GaSb Type-II superlattice. We have designed, fabricated, and characterized band-structure engineered MWIR photodetectors based on the pBiBn architecture. The devices have been characterized using the most relevant radiometric figures of merits. At 200 K, the peak value of detectivity is 1.2 x 10(11) Jones at an applied bias voltage of -0.5 V. C1 [Ramirez, David A.; Myers, Stephen A.; Plis, Elena; Kuznetsova, Yuliya; Krishna, Sanjay] Skinfrared LLC, Albuquerque, NM 87109 USA. [Krishna, Sanjay] Univ New Mexico, CHTM, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Morath, Christian P.; Cowan, Vincent M.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Ramirez, DA (reprint author), Skinfrared LLC, 801 Univ Blvd,Suite 205, Albuquerque, NM 87109 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-782-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9616 AR 96160F DI 10.1117/12.2188332 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BE0OL UT WOS:000366495300013 ER PT S AU LeMaster, DA Ratliff, BM AF LeMaster, Daniel A. Ratliff, Bradley M. BE Shaw, JA LeMaster, DA TI Bilateral bad pixel and Stokes image reconstruction for microgrid polarimetric imagers SO POLARIZATION SCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Polarization Science and Remote Sensing VII CY AUG 11-12, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE microgrid; polarimetric imaging; modulated polarimeter; bad pixel correction; bilateral filter; demosaicing AB Uncorrected or poorly corrected bad pixels reduce the effectiveness of polarimetric clutter suppression. In conventional microgrid processing, bad pixel correction is accomplished as a separate step from Stokes image reconstruction. Here, these two steps are combined to speed processing and provide better estimates of the entire image, including missing samples. A variation on the bilateral filter enables both edge preservation in the Stokes imagery and bad pixel suppression. Understanding the newly presented filter requires two key insights. First, the adaptive nature of the bilateral filter is extended to correct for bad pixels by simply incorporating a bad pixel mask. Second, the bilateral filter for Stokes estimation is the sum of the normalized bilateral filters for estimating each analyzer channel individually. This paper describes the new approach and compares it to our legacy method using simulated imagery. C1 [LeMaster, Daniel A.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Ratliff, Bradley M.] Harris Corp, Beavercreek, OH 45431 USA. RP LeMaster, DA (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, 2241 Avion Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-779-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9613 AR 961304 DI 10.1117/12.2188854 PG 11 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BE0OP UT WOS:000366497500003 ER PT S AU Gridley, MJ Hyde, MW Spencer, MF Basu, S AF Gridley, Matthew J. Hyde, Milo W. Spencer, Mark F. Basu, Santasri BE Dolne, JJ Karr, TJ Gamiz, VL TI Experimental method of generating electromagnetic Gaussian Schell-model beams SO UNCONVENTIONAL IMAGING AND WAVEFRONT SENSING 2015 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unconventional Imaging and Wavefront Sensing CY AUG 12-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE electromagnetic Gaussian Schell-model beam; EGSM; GSM; partially coherent; partially polarized ID PARTIALLY COHERENT; POLARIZATION; PROPAGATION AB The purpose of this research effort is to experimentally generate an electromagnetic Gaussian Schell-model beam from two coherent linearly polarized plane waves. As such, the approach uses a sequence of mutually correlated random phase screens on phase-only liquid crystal spatial light modulators at the source plane. The phase screens are generated using a published relationship between the screen parameters and the desired electromagnetic Gaussian Schell-model source parameters. The approach is verified by comparing the experimental results with published theory and numerical simulation results. This work enables the design of an electromagnetic Gaussian Schell-model source with prescribed coherence and polarization properties. C1 [Gridley, Matthew J.] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Hyde, Milo W.; Spencer, Mark F.; Basu, Santasri] Air Force Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Spencer, Mark F.] Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM USA. RP Gridley, MJ (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM matthew.gridley@us.af.mil; milo.hyde@afit.edu NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-783-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9617 AR 96170C DI 10.1117/12.2192049 PG 16 WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BE0OM UT WOS:000366496400009 ER PT S AU Khalilzade-Rezaie, F Peale, RE Panjwani, D Smith, CW Nath, J Lodge, M Ishigami, M Nader, N Vangala, S Yannuzzi, M Cleary, JW AF Khalilzade-Rezaie, Farnood Peale, Robert E. Panjwani, Deep Smith, Christian W. Nath, Janardan Lodge, Michael Ishigami, Masa Nader, Nima Vangala, Shiva Yannuzzi, Mark Cleary, Justin W. BE Dolne, JJ Karr, TJ Gamiz, VL TI Metal-oxide-semiconductor photocapacitor for sensing surface plasmon polaritons SO UNCONVENTIONAL IMAGING AND WAVEFRONT SENSING 2015 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unconventional Imaging and Wavefront Sensing CY AUG 12-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Surface plasmon polariton; plasmonics; MOS capacitor AB An electronic detector of surface plasmon polaritons (SPP) is reported. SPPs optically excited on a metal surface using a prism coupler are detected by using a close-coupled metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitor. Semitransparent metal and graphene gates function similarly. We report the dependence of the photoresponse on substrate carrier type, carrier concentration, and back-contact biasing. C1 [Khalilzade-Rezaie, Farnood; Peale, Robert E.; Panjwani, Deep; Smith, Christian W.; Nath, Janardan; Lodge, Michael; Ishigami, Masa] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Phys, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Nader, Nima; Vangala, Shiva; Yannuzzi, Mark; Cleary, Justin W.] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Nader, Nima; Vangala, Shiva] Solid State Sci Corp, Hollis, NH USA. RP Khalilzade-Rezaie, F (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Dept Phys, 4000 Cent Florida Blvd, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. EM farnood_rezaie@knights.ucf.edu RI Panjwani, Deep/A-9250-2017 OI Panjwani, Deep/0000-0002-8351-6138 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-783-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9617 AR 96170E DI 10.1117/12.2188706 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BE0OM UT WOS:000366496400011 ER PT S AU Spencer, MF Dragulin, IV Cargill, DS Steinbock, MJ AF Spencer, Mark F. Dragulin, Ivan V. Cargill, Daniel S. Steinbock, Michael J. BE Dolne, JJ Karr, TJ Gamiz, VL TI Digital holography wave-front sensing in the presence of strong atmospheric turbulence and thermal blooming SO UNCONVENTIONAL IMAGING AND WAVEFRONT SENSING 2015 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unconventional Imaging and Wavefront Sensing CY AUG 12-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE digital holography; wave-front sensing; directed energy; atmospheric turbulence; thermal blooming; wave optics; beam control; adaptive optics ID PHASE-ERROR CORRECTION; OPTICS AB Digital holography wave-front sensing in the off-axis image plane recording geometry shows distinct potential for directed-energy and remote-sensing applications. For instance, digital holographic detection provides access to the amplitude and wrapped phase associated with an optical field. From the wrapped phase, one can estimate the atmospheric aberrations present and perform adaptive-optics compensation and high-resolution imaging. This paper develops wave-optics simulations which explore the estimation accuracy of digital holography wave-front sensing in the presence of strong atmospheric turbulence and thermal blooming. Specifically, this paper models spherical-wave propagation through varying atmospheric conditions along a horizontal propagation path and formulates the field-estimated Strehl ratio as a function of the image-plane sampling, the coherence diameter, the log-amplitude variance, and the distortion number. Such results will allow one to assess the number of pixels needed in a detector array when using digital holographic detection in the presence of strong atmospheric turbulence and thermal blooming. C1 [Spencer, Mark F.; Cargill, Daniel S.] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Spencer, Mark F.; Steinbock, Michael J.] Air Force Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Dragulin, Ivan V.] New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Spencer, MF (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM mark.spencer.6@us.af.mil NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-783-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9617 AR 961705 DI 10.1117/12.2189943 PG 17 WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BE0OM UT WOS:000366496400004 ER PT S AU Mangina, RS Enloe, CL Font, GI AF Mangina, R. S. Enloe, C. L. Font, G. I. BE Diaz, C Rabadan, I Garcia, G Mendez, L Martin, F TI Influence of oxygen content on the characteristics of DBD plasma actuator SO XXIX INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PHOTONIC, ELECTRONIC, AND ATOMIC COLLISIONS (ICPEAC2015), PTS 1-12 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Conference on Photonic, Electronic, and Atomic Collisions (ICPEAC) CY JUL 22-28, 2015 CL Toledo, SPAIN SP Univ Autonoma Madrid, Consejo Super Investigaciones Cient AB The aerodynamic performance of an AC powered dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma actuator immersed in pure oxygen and also in O-2 + noble gas mixtures is presented in terms of actuator's discharge structure and momentum coupling to the surrounding gas. At various gas pressures the impulse imparted to the freely-moving actuator body and its transient motion as a function of the applied voltage from 8-24 kV at f = 200 Hz is determined using laser interferometry. The present E/N results show that with increase of oxygen content the momentum coupling is better, especially in the negative species dominated forward discharge phase. C1 [Mangina, R. S.; Enloe, C. L.; Font, G. I.] US Air Force Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Mangina, RS (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM Rao.Mangina@usafa.edu; Loi.Enloe@usafa.edu; Gabriel.Font@usafa.edu NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2015 VL 635 AR 042009 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/635/4/042009 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE0NP UT WOS:000366407000249 ER PT S AU Pieper, M Manolakis, D Truslow, E Cooley, T Brueggeman, M Weisner, A Jacobson, J AF Pieper, M. Manolakis, D. Truslow, E. Cooley, T. Brueggeman, M. Weisner, A. Jacobson, J. BE Pagano, TS Silny, JF TI Comparison of Hyperspectral Change Detection Algorithms SO IMAGING SPECTROMETRY XX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Imaging Spectrometry XX CY AUG 10-12, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE hyperspectral; anomalous change detection AB There are a multitude of civilian and military applications for the detection of anomalous changes in hyperspectral images. Anomalous changes occur when the material within a pixel is replaced. Environmental factors that change over time, such as illumination, will affect the radiance of all the pixels in a scene, despite the materials within remaining constant. The goal of an anomalous change detection algorithm is to suppress changes caused by the environment, and detect pixels where the materials within have changed. Anomalous change detection is a two step process. Two co-registered images of a scene are first transformed to maximize the overall correlation between the images, then an anomalous change detector (ACD) is applied to the transformed images. The transforms maximize the correlation between the two images to attenuate the environmental differences that distract from the anomalous changes of importance. Several categories of transforms with different optimization parameters are discussed and compared. One of two types of ACDs are then applied to the transformed images. The first ACD uses the difference of the two transformed images. The second concatenates the spectra of two images and uses an aggregated ACD. A comparison of the two ACD methods and their effectiveness with the different transforms is done for the first time. C1 [Pieper, M.; Truslow, E.] Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Manolakis, D.] MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. [Cooley, T.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Brueggeman, M.; Weisner, A.; Jacobson, J.] Natl Air & Space Intelligence Ctr, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Pieper, M (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-777-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9611 AR 96110Z DI 10.1117/12.2188316 PG 13 WC Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BE0OT UT WOS:000366501000021 ER PT S AU Stoyanov, DM Marciniak, MA Meola, J AF Stoyanov, Dimitar M. Marciniak, Michael A. Meola, Joseph BE Pagano, TS Silny, JF TI Comparative study of spectral diffuse-only and diffuse-specular radiative transfer models and field-collected data in the LWIR SO IMAGING SPECTROMETRY XX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Imaging Spectrometry XX CY AUG 10-12, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Radiative transfer models; Hemispherical Directional Reflectance (HDR); Specular Directional Reflectance (SDR); Diffuse Directional Reflectance (DDR); LWIR; field measurements ID SURFACES AB The sensitivity of hyper-spectral remote sensing to the directional reflectance of surfaces was studied using both laboratory and field measurements. Namely, the effects of the specular- and diffuse-reflectance properties of a set of eight samples, ranging from high to low in both total reflectance and specularity, on diffuse-only and diffuse-specular radiative transfer models in the long-wave infrared (LWIR, 7-14-mu m wavelength) were studied. The samples were measured in the field as a set of eight panels, each in two orientations, with surface normal pointing toward zenith and tipped at 45 degrees from zenith. The field-collected data also included down-welling spectral sky radiance at several angles from zenith to the horizon, ground spectral radiance, panel spectral radiances in both orientations, Infragold (R) spectral radiances in both orientations near each panel location, and panel temperatures. Laboratory measurements included spectral hemispherical, specular and diffuse directional reflectance (HDR, SDR and DDR) for each sample for several reflectance angles with respect to the surface normal. The diffuse-only radiative transfer model used the HDR data, while the diffuse-specular model used the SDR and DDR data. Both calculated spectral reflected and self-emitted radiances for each panel, using the field-collected sky radiance data to avoid uncertainties associated with atmospheric models. The modeled spectral radiances were then compared to the field-collected values to quantify differences in moving from an HDR-based model to an SDR/DDR model in the LWIR for a variety of surface-reflectance types. C1 [Stoyanov, Dimitar M.; Marciniak, Michael A.] Air Force Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Stoyanov, Dimitar M.] Air Force Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. [Meola, Joseph] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Stoyanov, DM (reprint author), Air Force Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-777-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9611 AR 96110H DI 10.1117/12.2188711 PG 12 WC Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BE0OT UT WOS:000366501000010 ER PT S AU Wurst, NP Meola, J Perry, DL AF Wurst, Nathan P. Meola, Joseph Perry, David L. BE Pagano, TS Silny, JF TI Measurement and modeling of longwave infrared directional downwelling spectral radiance SO IMAGING SPECTROMETRY XX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Imaging Spectrometry XX CY AUG 10-12, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE hyperspectral; longwave infrared; downwelling radiance AB Exploitation of longwave infrared hyperspectral imagery often requires atmospheric compensation in order to retrieve intrinsic material emissivity properties. For materials possessing subtle spectral features and those with lower emissivity, downwelling radiance plays an important role in the atmospheric compensation process. Most atmospheric compensation algorithms use an estimate of the total downwelling radiance integrated over the hemisphere. However, for tilted surfaces and non-nadir imaging scenarios, directional downwelling radiance information may be required. This work examines collection of directional downwelling radiance measurements using a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. Specifically, work is done to determine a minimum number of sky angles to measure for which the remainder of the directional sky measurements can be estimated with minimal error through the use of simple data fitting models. C1 [Wurst, Nathan P.; Meola, Joseph] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Perry, David L.] Leidos, Reston, VA USA. RP Wurst, NP (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-777-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9611 AR 96110X DI 10.1117/12.2186557 PG 11 WC Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BE0OT UT WOS:000366501000019 ER PT S AU Cunio, PM Weber, RA Knobel, KR Smith, C Draudt, A AF Cunio, Phillip M. Weber, Reed A. Knobel, Kimberly R. Smith, Christine Draudt, Andy BE Scholl, MS Paez, G TI Jet Engine Noise and Infrared Plume Correlation Field Campaign SO INFRARED REMOTE SENSING AND INSTRUMENTATION XXIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Remote Sensing and Instrumentation XXIII CY AUG 10-12, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE fast framing; jet plume; acoustic noise; electro-optical imaging AB Jet engine noise can be a health hazard and environmental pollutant, particularly affecting personnel working in close proximity to jet engines, such as airline mechanics. Mitigating noise could reduce the potential for hearing loss in runway workers; however, there exists a very complex relationship between jet engine design parameters, operating conditions, and resultant noise power levels, and understanding and characterizing this relationship is a key step in mitigating jet engine noise effects. We demonstrate initial results highlighting the utility of high-speed imaging (hypertemporal imaging) in correlating the infrared signatures of jet engines with acoustic noise. This paper builds on prior theoretical analysis of jet engine infrared signatures and their potential relationships to jet engine acoustic emissions. This previous work identified the region of the jet plume most likely to emit both in infrared and in acoustic domains, and it prompted the investigation of wave packets as a physical construct tying together acoustic and infrared energy emissions. As a means of verifying these assertions, a field campaign to collect relevant data was proposed, and data collection was carried out with a bank of infrared instruments imaging a T700 turboshaft engine undergoing routine operational testing. The detection of hypertemporal signatures in association with acoustic signatures of jet engines enables the use of a new domain in characterizing jet engine noise. This may in turn enable new methods of predicting or mitigating jet engine noise, which could lead to socioeconomic benefits for airlines and other operators of large numbers of jet engines. C1 [Cunio, Phillip M.; Weber, Reed A.; Knobel, Kimberly R.; Smith, Christine] Air Force Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Draudt, Andy] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. RP Cunio, PM (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM afrl.rvby@us.af.mil NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-774-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9608 AR 96080H DI 10.1117/12.2190278 PG 22 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BE0GC UT WOS:000365985000013 ER PT S AU Toussaint, WA Weber, RA AF Toussaint, W. Alex Weber, Reed A. BE Scholl, MS Paez, G TI Comparative analysis of infrared images degraded by lossy compression techniques SO INFRARED REMOTE SENSING AND INSTRUMENTATION XXIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Remote Sensing and Instrumentation XXIII CY AUG 10-12, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE infrared image; lossy compression; principle component analysis; image degradation AB This work addresses image degradation introduced by lossy compression techniques and the effects of such degradation on signal detection statistics for applications in fast-framing (>100 Hz) IR image analysis. As future space systems make use of increasingly higher pixel count IR focal plane arrays, data generation rates are anticipated to become too copious for continuous download. The prevailing solution to this issue has been to compress image data prior to downlink. While this solution is application independent for lossless compression, the expected benefits of lossy compression, including higher compression ratio, necessitate several application specific trades in order to characterize preservation of critical information within the data. Current analyses via standard statistical image processing techniques following tunably lossy compression algorithms (JPEG2000, JPEG-LS) allow for detection statistics nearly identical to analyses following standard lossless compression techniques, such as Rice and PNG, even at degradation levels offering a greater than twofold increase in compression ratio. Ongoing efforts focus on repeating the analysis for other tunably lossy compression techniques while also assessing the relative computational burden of each algorithm. Current results suggest that lossy compression techniques can preserve critical information in fast-framing IR data while either significantly reducing downlink bandwidth requirements or significantly increasing the usable focal plane array window size. C1 [Toussaint, W. Alex] Boston Coll, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. [Weber, Reed A.] Air Force Res Lab, AFRL RVB, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Toussaint, WA (reprint author), Boston Coll, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. EM afrl.rvby@us.af.mil NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-774-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9608 AR 96080L DI 10.1117/12.2188487 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BE0GC UT WOS:000365985000017 ER PT S AU Williams, AD Ouchen, F Kim, SS Elhamri, S Naik, RR Grote, J AF Williams, Adrienne D. Ouchen, Fahima Kim, Steve S. Elhamri, Said Naik, Rajesh R. Grote, James BE Kobayashi, N Ouchen, F Rau, I TI DNA-nucleobases: Gate Dielectric/Passivation Layer for Flexible GFET-based Sensor Applications SO NANOBIOSYSTEMS: PROCESSING, CHARACTERIZATION, AND APPLICATIONS VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanobiosystems - Processing, Characterization, and Applications VIII CY AUG 10-12, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE AB The main goal of this research was to maintain the bulk charge carrier mobility of graphene, after deposition of the gate dielectric layer used for making transistor devices. The approach was introducing a thin film of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) nucleobase purine guanine, deposited by physical vapor deposition (PVD), onto layers of graphene that were transferred onto various flexible substrates. Several test platforms were fabricated with guanine as a standalone gate dielectric, as the control, and guanine as a passivation layer between the graphene and PMMA. It was found that the bulk charge carrier mobility of graphene was best maintained and most stable using guanine as a passivation layer between the graphene and PMMA. Other transport properties, such as charge carrier concentration, conductivity type and electrical resistivity were investigated as well. This is an important first step to realizing high performance graphene-based transistors that have potential use in bio and environmental sensors, computer-processing and electronics. C1 [Williams, Adrienne D.; Ouchen, Fahima; Kim, Steve S.; Naik, Rajesh R.; Grote, James] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Elhamri, Said] Univ Dayton, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Williams, Adrienne D.] Wright State Univ, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Williams, AD (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-723-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9557 AR 95570I DI 10.1117/12.2190913 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Biomaterials; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics GA BE0FU UT WOS:000365970500008 ER PT S AU Yaney, PP Ouchen, F Grote, JG AF Yaney, Perry P. Ouchen, Fahima Grote, James G. BE Kobayashi, N Ouchen, F Rau, I TI Exploring surface-plasmon polariton resonance (SPR) in an interferometer configuration SO NANOBIOSYSTEMS: PROCESSING, CHARACTERIZATION, AND APPLICATIONS VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanobiosystems - Processing, Characterization, and Applications VIII CY AUG 10-12, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE SPR; interferometry; sensor; surface-plasmon; polariton; resonance; Mach-Zehnder; ammonia gas; dry air AB An optical, two-channel molecular sensor design using surface-plasmon polariton resonance (SPR) in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer was devised for studying the enhancement due to the presence of interferometry. The objective was to detect very small quantities of gas molecules with molecular weights in the range of 17 to 28 Daltons using either the signal from the transmitted laser beam or the interference image that can be computer analyzed. Dry air in humid air and pure ammonia gas diluted in dry air were studied. Initial studies gave detection sensitivities of better than 70 parts per 10(8) for changes in refractive index of the gas. With interferometry, recorded signals were 40X greater than with the normal SPR technique. C1 [Yaney, Perry P.] Univ Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Ouchen, Fahima] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Grote, James G.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-723-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9557 AR 95570G DI 10.1117/12.2193792 PG 19 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Biomaterials; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics GA BE0FU UT WOS:000365970500006 ER PT J AU Morton, Y Jiao, Y van Graas, F Vinande, E Pujara, N AF Morton, Yu (Jade) Jiao, Yu van Graas, Frank Vinande, Eric Pujara, Neeraj GP Inst Navigat TI Analysis of receiver multi-frequency response to ionospheric scintillation in Ascension Island, Hong Kong, and Singapore SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ION 2015 PACIFIC PNT MEETING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Pacific PNT Meeting CY APR 20-23, 2015 CL Honolulu, HI AB Ionospheric scintillation is a natural phenomenon that affects trans-ionosphere radio signal propagation and pacts the accuracy and availability of global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) PVT solutions. Since 2009, with the support from the US Air Force Research Laboratory, Air Force Office for Scientific Research, and Consortium of Ohio Universities on Navigation and Timekeeping (COUNT), we have been engaged in international collaborative efforts to establish multi-constellation multi-frequency GNSS data collection systems in high latitudes and equatorial areas to allow comprehensive studies of high latitude and equatorial ionospheric scintillation. This paper summarizes progress made on acquiring and processing data from these sites and highlights multi-frequency responses based on data collected at equatorial locations. C1 [Morton, Yu (Jade); Jiao, Yu] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [van Graas, Frank] Ohio Univ, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [Vinande, Eric; Pujara, Neeraj] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Morton, Y (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST NAVIGATION PI WASHINGTON PA 815 15TH ST NW, STE 832, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA PY 2015 BP 10 EP 16 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing SC Computer Science; Physical Geography; Remote Sensing GA BD9UG UT WOS:000365398300002 ER PT J AU Bourne, H Morton, Y Sulzer, M Milla, M Nguyen, T AF Bourne, Harrison Morton, Yu Sulzer, Michael Milla, Marco Nguyen, Thao GP Inst Navigat TI GPS Based TEC Estimation Algorithm Evaluation Using Simultaneous Incoherent Scatter Radar Measurements SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ION 2015 PACIFIC PNT MEETING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Pacific PNT Meeting CY APR 20-23, 2015 CL Honolulu, HI ID SATELLITE; JICAMARCA AB This paper presents a comparison between TEC estimated using a spatial gradient based approach for dual frequency receivers and using two Incoherent Scatter Radars (ISRs), one at the National Astronomy and Ionosphere Center (NAIC) near Arecibo, Puerto Rico and another at the Jicamarca Radar Observatory (JRO) near Lima Peru. The purpose of this comparison is to verify the accuracy of the spatial gradient TEC estimation method in measuring the overall electron content and small fluctuations caused by ionospheric structures such as sporadic-E in the receiver viewing area. A conventional dual frequency receiver calculates the ionosphere error by differencing the L1 and L2 pseudorange measurements. The results are contaminated by the difference in the two signals' propagation times through the satellite transmission system and the receiver, known as satellite and receiver differential code bias (DCB) respectively. While satellite DCBs are relatively stable and well monitored, the receiver DCB is dependent on the receiver environment, antenna and circuit design, and receiver signal processing algorithms making it difficult to calibrate or model. In this paper the ionosphere slant TECs and the receiver DCB are treated as unknowns in the range equations. Each slant TEC is related to the vertical TEC at the corresponding receiver-satellite ionosphere piercing point (IPP) through the mapping function. We model the vertical TEC at an IPP as having contributions from the receiver zenith vertical TEC and from the TEC spatial gradients. The paper compares the TEC estimated by our dual frequency GPS spatial gradient based method with TEC derived from ISR electron density profiles. The GPS and ISR data were collected simultaneously between March 25 and 27 2011 as well as January 23 and 26 2014 at NIAC using an array of four GPS receivers and from March 6 to March 11 2013 at JRO using a single GPS receiver. C1 [Bourne, Harrison; Morton, Yu] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Sulzer, Michael] Arecibo Observ, Arecibo, PR USA. [Milla, Marco] Jicamarca Radio Observ, Lima, Peru. [Nguyen, Thao] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Bourne, H (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RI Milla, Marco/L-9345-2013 OI Milla, Marco/0000-0001-9067-863X NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU INST NAVIGATION PI WASHINGTON PA 815 15TH ST NW, STE 832, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA PY 2015 BP 78 EP 84 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing SC Computer Science; Physical Geography; Remote Sensing GA BD9UG UT WOS:000365398300008 ER PT J AU Rutkowski, AJ Taylor, BK Eilders, MJ Brink, KM Taylor, CN Barnes, JE AF Rutkowski, Adam J. Taylor, Brian K. Eilders, Martin J. Brink, Kevin M. Taylor, Clark N. Barnes, Jamie E. GP Inst Navigat TI Path Planning for Cooperative Navigation with Inter-Agent Range Measurements SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ION 2015 PACIFIC PNT MEETING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Pacific PNT Meeting CY APR 20-23, 2015 CL Honolulu, HI AB In this paper, we consider the problem of guiding a pair of autonomous vehicles from known initial locations to desired goal locations. The objective is to plan trajectories so that the vehicles reach their goals as accurately as possible when access to external navigation aids such as the Global Positioning System (GPS) is not available. In many navigation scenarios, it is known that navigation accuracy depends on the path traveled by the vehicle. For the scenario considered in this study, each vehicle has an onboard odometer for measuring relative changes in position and heading. The vehicles also have sensors for measuring range between vehicles. In order to find a set of paths that result in good navigation performance, and to avoid the curse of dimensionality associated with searching an infinite dimensional space of possible trajectories, the trajectories were restricted to a class described as pseudozigzagging. An exhaustive search of all possible trajectory pairs revealed that, in the best case, the estimated final position standard deviation can be reduced by a factor of 5 when compared with the worst cases. Those trajectories that excite the range measurement tend to have better position estimation accuracy than trajectories that maintain a constant inter-vehicle range. However, range excitation alone is not enough to guarantee good performance, since less than 0.1% of the trajectory sets with non-constant range had final estimated standard deviation within 10% of the best case. This suggests that appropriate path selection is critical to achieving good navigation performance. C1 [Rutkowski, Adam J.; Taylor, Brian K.; Eilders, Martin J.; Brink, Kevin M.] Air Force Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. [Taylor, Clark N.] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Barnes, Jamie E.] Niceville High Sch, Niceville, FL USA. RP Rutkowski, AJ (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Munit Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST NAVIGATION PI WASHINGTON PA 815 15TH ST NW, STE 832, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA PY 2015 BP 344 EP 349 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing SC Computer Science; Physical Geography; Remote Sensing GA BD9UG UT WOS:000365398300023 ER PT J AU Taylor, BK Rutkowski, AJ AF Taylor, Brian K. Rutkowski, Adam J. GP Inst Navigat TI Bio-inspired magnetic field sensing and processing SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ION 2015 PACIFIC PNT MEETING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Pacific PNT Meeting CY APR 20-23, 2015 CL Honolulu, HI ID SEA-TURTLES; DYNAMICS; MAGNETORECEPTION; ORIENTATION; NAVIGATION; BEHAVIOR; ANIMALS; MODEL AB Several animals use the Earth's magnetic field in concert with other sensor modes for local and continental-scale navigation tasks. Simultaneously, Earth's magnetic field offers a signal that engineered systems can leverage for navigating in environments where GPS is unavailable or unreliable. In addition, many animal sensory systems use a distributed sensing paradigm where a number of sensors are used to collect data, while the animal's nervous system processes and fuses data to generate behavioral commands in a robust manner. Building on these notions and existing biological studies, our work investigates biologically-inspired distributed magnetic sensing to use Earth's magnetic field for navigation. We use biologically derived and inspired methods such as neuronal population models to process and interpret the distributed data. In addition to bio-inspired methods, we explore using engineering-based methods to process and interpret data for the purposes of reference and comparison. As expected, with all methods, an increase in the number of sensors provides enhanced robustness to sensor noise. Preliminary work indicates that neuronal population models offer potential benefits in terms of noise removal from a signal Our goal is to leverage neuronal models to agilely and robustly fuse data from multiple sensors and sensor modes for enhanced navigation performance. C1 [Taylor, Brian K.; Rutkowski, Adam J.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Taylor, BK (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST NAVIGATION PI WASHINGTON PA 815 15TH ST NW, STE 832, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA PY 2015 BP 412 EP 422 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing SC Computer Science; Physical Geography; Remote Sensing GA BD9UG UT WOS:000365398300027 ER PT J AU Berardi, S Park, H Brown, A Taylor, C Ha, JC AF Berardi, Steve Park, Han Brown, Andrew Taylor, Clark Ha, J. C. GP Inst Navigat TI A Real-Time GPS-Challenged Navigation and Image Geo-registration System for Airborne Platforms SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ION 2015 PACIFIC PNT MEETING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Pacific PNT Meeting CY APR 20-23, 2015 CL Honolulu, HI ID AIDED INERTIAL NAVIGATION AB In this paper, we present a real-time system for airborne platforms designed to provide accurate navigation and image geo-registration information. The primary contribution of this work is the advancement of state-of-the-art real-time image processing for both navigation and geo-regisfration. We also present performance results over periods of extended GPS outages using COTS sensors and hardware. Previous work on this contract has been presented at ION, JNC 2014. This paper reports on the progress at the midpoint of phase III of the four phase program, highlighting in-flight performance of the system during periods (up to one hour) of GPS-denied operation. Under simple flight scenarios the team has achieved exceptional GPS-denied navigation (200 meters per hour horizontal drift) and geo-regisfration performance (1.8 meter average landmark absolute geo-regisfration error) using a tactical-grade HEMS DIU and 16 megapixel EO camera. C1 [Berardi, Steve; Park, Han] Northrop Grumman Elect Syst, Baltimore, MD 21240 USA. [Brown, Andrew] Toyon Res Corp, Goleta, CA USA. [Taylor, Clark; Ha, J. C.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Berardi, S (reprint author), Northrop Grumman Elect Syst, Baltimore, MD 21240 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST NAVIGATION PI WASHINGTON PA 815 15TH ST NW, STE 832, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA PY 2015 BP 687 EP 693 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing SC Computer Science; Physical Geography; Remote Sensing GA BD9UG UT WOS:000365398300056 ER PT S AU Fennelly, JA Johnston, WR Ober, DM Wilson, GR O'Brien, TP Huston, SL AF Fennelly, Judy A. Johnston, William R. Ober, Daniel M. Wilson, Gordon R. O'Brien, T. Paul Huston, Stuart L. BE Fineschi, S Fennelly, J TI SOUTH ATLANTIC ANOMALY AND CUBESAT DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS SO SOLAR PHYSICS AND SPACE WEATHER INSTRUMENTATION VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Solar Physics and Space Weather Instrumentation VI CY AUG 09-10, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE ID SPACE AB Effects of the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA) on spacecraft in low Earth orbit (LEO) are well known and documented. The SAA exposes spacecraft in LEO to high dose of ionizing radiation as well as higher than normal rates of Single Event Upsets (SEU) and Single Event Latch-ups (SEL). CubeSats, spacecraft built around 10 x 10 x 10 cm cubes, are even more susceptible to SEUs and SELs due to the use of commercial off-the-shelf components for electronics and payload instrumentation. Examination of the SAA using both data from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) and a new set of models for the flux of particles is presented. The models, AE9, AP9, and SPM for energetic electrons, energetic protons and space plasma, were developed for use in space system design. These models introduce data-based statistical constraints on the uncertainties from measurements and climatological variability. Discussion of the models' capabilities and limitations with regard to LEO CubeSat design is presented. C1 [Fennelly, Judy A.; Johnston, William R.; Ober, Daniel M.; Wilson, Gordon R.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [O'Brien, T. Paul] Aerosp Corp, Chantilly, VA 20151 USA. [Huston, Stuart L.] Atmospher & Environm Res Inc, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. RP Fennelly, JA (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, 3350 Aberdeen Ave, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-770-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9604 AR 960406 DI 10.1117/12.2190595 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0HG UT WOS:000366021400005 ER PT J AU Lindgren, E AF Lindgren, Eric BE Chang, FK Kopsaftopoulos, F TI SHM Reliability and Implementation Overview-A Personal Military Aviation Perspective SO STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING 2015: SYSTEM RELIABILITY FOR VERIFICATION AND IMPLEMENTATION, VOLS. 1 AND 2 SE Structural Health Monitoring LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring (IWSHM) CY SEP 01-03, 2015 CL Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA SP Natl Sci Fdn, Air Force Off Sci Res, Boeing, Airbus, Embraer, Verizon HO Stanford Univ AB Structural Health Monitoring has been proposed as a solution to address the needs of military aviation to reduce the time and cost to perform nondestructive inspections. While the potential to realize significant benefits exist, there are considerations that have to be addressed before such systems can be integrated into military platforms. Some considerations are pervasive to all aviation, such as how to assess the reliability and reproducible capability of these systems. However, there are other challenges unique to military aviation that must be overcome before these types of systems can be used. This presentation and paper are intended as a complement to the review of the outcome of the SAE G-11 SHM committee special workshop on SHM reliability in April of 2015. It will address challenges unique to military aviation that stem from different approaches to managing structural integrity (i.e. safety), frequency of use, design differences, various maintenance practices, and additional descriptions addressing differences in the execution of inspections. The objective of this presentation is to improve the awareness of the research and development community to the different and unique requirements found in military aviation, including the differences between countries, services, and aircraft type. This information should assist the research and development community in identifying and attacking key challenges. It is not intended to be comprehensive overview of all stakeholders' perspectives, but to serve as a launch point for additional discussion and exploration of opportunities to realize the potential of Structural Health Monitoring to assist in the management of military aviation assets. C1 [Lindgren, Eric] US Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Mat State Awareness & Supportabil Branch RXCA, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Lindgren, E (reprint author), US Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Mat State Awareness & Supportabil Branch RXCA, 2230 10th St,B655,Ste 1, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA BN 978-1-60595-275-8 J9 STRUCT HLTH MONIT PY 2015 BP 2683 EP 2689 PG 7 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Civil; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BD9UT UT WOS:000365445303044 ER PT S AU Asmolova, O Andersen, G McHarg, MG Quiller, T Maldonado, C Dickinson, T AF Asmolova, Olha Andersen, Geoff McHarg, Matthew G. Quiller, Trey Maldonado, Carlos Dickinson, Thomas BE MacEwen, HA Breckinridge, JB TI Design and test of a novel solar imaging payload for small satellites SO UV/OPTICAL/IR SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTS: INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES AND CONCEPTS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on UV/Optical/IR Space Telescopes and Instruments - Innovative Technologies and Concepts VII CY AUG 09-10, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Membrane optics; space telescope; diffractive optics; satellite imaging ID PHOTON SIEVE AB FalconSAT-7 (FS-7), a 3U CubeSat solar telescope, is the first-ever on-orbit demonstration of a lightweight deployable membrane primary optic that is twice the size of the host spacecraft. The telescope payload consists of the deployment structure, optical, electronic subsystems and occupying 1.5 U, while the rest of the volume is used for the bus, including satellite power, control, communications with the ground, etc. The deployment subsystem provides membrane deployment, positioning and tension with high precision for proper imaging, while the optical subsystem includes secondary optics with a camera to record images of the Sun at H-alpha. The electronics subsystem is used to control the primary optics deployment, focusing, image storage and transfer to the bus etc. We conducted an end-to-end flight optical subsystem test and a series of tests of the corrosion of the photon sieve due to atomic oxygen. The flight model build will be completed by October 2015with a launch date set for September 2016. C1 [Asmolova, Olha; Andersen, Geoff; McHarg, Matthew G.; Quiller, Trey; Maldonado, Carlos; Dickinson, Thomas] USAF Acad, HQ USAFA DFP, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Asmolova, O (reprint author), USAF Acad, HQ USAFA DFP, 2354 Fairchild Dr,Ste 2A31, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-768-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9602 AR 96020F DI 10.1117/12.2189918 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BE0HC UT WOS:000366018200013 ER PT S AU Duffin, RT White, SM Ray, PS Kaiser, ML AF Duffin, R. T. White, S. M. Ray, P. S. Kaiser, M. L. BE Zank, GP TI Type III-L Solar Radio Bursts and Solar Energetic Particle Events SO 14TH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL ASTROPHYSICS CONFERENCE: LINEAR AND NONLINEAR PARTICLE ENERGIZATION THROUGHOUT THE HELIOSPHERE AND BEYOND SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Annual International Astrophysics Conference CY APR 19-24, 2015 CL Tampa, FL ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; ACCELERATION; ELECTRONS; ORIGIN; FLARES; SHOCKS AB A radio-selected sample of fast drift radio bursts with complex structure occurring after the impulsive phase of the associated flare ("Type III-L bursts") is identified by inspection of radio dynamic spectra from 1 to 180 MHz for over 300 large flares in 2001. An operational definition that takes into account previous work on these radio bursts starting from samples of solar energetic particle (SEP) events is applied to the data, and 66 Type III-L bursts are found in the sample. In order to determine whether the presence of these radio bursts can be used to predict the occurrence of SEP events, we also develop a catalog of all SEP proton events in 2001 using data from the ERNE detector on the SOHO satellite. 68 SEP events are found, for 48 of which we can identify a solar source and hence look for associated Type III-L emission. We confirm previous work that found that most (76% in our sample) of the solar sources of SEP events exhibit radio emission of this type. However, the correlation in the opposite direction is not as strong: starting from a radio-selected sample of Type III-L events, around 64% of the bursts that occur at longitudes magnetically well-connected to the Earth, and hence favorable for detection of SEPs, are associated with SEP events. The degree of association increases when the events have durations over 10 minutes at 1MHz, but in general Type III-L bursts do not perform any better than Type II bursts in our sample as predictors of SEP events. A comparison of Type III-L timing with the arrival of near-relativistic electrons at the ACE spacecraft is not inconsistent with a common source for the accelerated electrons in both phenomena. C1 [Duffin, R. T.] Laney Coll, Oakland, CA 94607 USA. [White, S. M.] US Air Force, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. [Ray, P. S.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Kaiser, M. L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Duffin, RT (reprint author), Laney Coll, 900 Fallon St, Oakland, CA 94607 USA. EM robert.t.duffin@gmail.com NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2015 VL 642 AR 012006 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/642/1/012006 PG 28 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BD9OJ UT WOS:000364992000006 ER PT S AU Basiri, A Vitebskiy, I Kottos, T AF Basiri, A. Vitebskiy, I. Kottos, T. BE Subramania, GS Foteinopoulou, S TI Light scattering in pseudo-passive media with uniformly balanced gain and loss SO ACTIVE PHOTONIC MATERIALS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Active Photonic Materials VII CY AUG 09-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Metamaterial; Pseudo-passive; Lasing; Coherent perfect absorption; Fabry-Perot ID NEGATIVE-INDEX; METAMATERIALS; REFRACTION AB We demonstrate that a family of metamaterials, with a designed complex permittivity and permeability such that their index of refraction is real, have anomalous scattering features as opposed to their lossless passive counterparts with the same index of refraction. C1 [Basiri, A.; Kottos, T.] Wesleyan Univ, Dept Phys, Middletown, CT 06459 USA. [Vitebskiy, I.] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Kottos, T (reprint author), Wesleyan Univ, Dept Phys, Middletown, CT 06459 USA. EM tkottos@wesleyan.edu NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-712-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9546 AR 95461H DI 10.1117/12.2190218 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BE0CB UT WOS:000365749100035 ER PT S AU Islam, AE Fairchild, SB Maruyama, B AF Islam, A. E. Fairchild, S. B. Maruyama, B. BE Razeghi, M Ghazinejad, M Bayram, C Yu, JS TI Thermal instability of field emission from carbon nanotubes studied using multi-physics simulation by considering space charge effect SO CARBON NANOTUBES, GRAPHENE, AND EMERGING 2D MATERIALS FOR ELECTRONIC AND PHOTONIC DEVICES VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Carbon Nanotubes, Graphene, and Emerging 2D Materials for Electronic and Photonic Devices VIII CY AUG 09-12, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Carbon nanotubes; field emission; thermal stability; space charge effect; multi-physics simulation ID X-RAY SOURCE; ELECTRON-EMISSION; EMITTER ARRAYS; DISPLAY; CATHODE; COLD; DEVICE; GENERATION; FIBERS; PLASMA AB Thermal instability is an important concern for practical use of high-current field emitters in display, X-ray generation, Hall thruster, and microplasma generation. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and their bundles have high thermal conductivity and offers great promise in this aspect. A wide-range of experiments has recently been performed with CNT-based emitters containing single or a bundle of nanotubes. Analysis of these experiments is executed using the classical Fowler-Nordheim (FN) equation and the heat equation with no self-consistency. The space-charge effect - one of the most important aspect of high-current field emission - is often ignored in these theoretical analyses. In this work, we use a numerical framework to study thermal instability in the CNT-based emitters by solving electrostatics, space-charge effect, quantum-mechanical tunneling (with FN equation as the limiting case), thermionic emission and heat flow in a self-consistent manner. Simulation compares well with the experimental results and allows study of temperature rise the root cause of thermal instability - for the emitter in a wide range of conditions. Our analysis suggests that higher thermal conductivity and/or electrical conductivity and their reduced temperature dependence are beneficial for the field emitters, as these improve the thermal stability of the emitter by reducing temperature rise. C1 [Islam, A. E.; Fairchild, S. B.; Maruyama, B.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Islam, A. E.] CNR, Washington, DC 20001 USA. RP Islam, AE (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM aeislam@ieee.org; benji.maruyama@us.af.mil NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-718-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9552 AR 95520B DI 10.1117/12.2187331 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BD9WM UT WOS:000365511100008 ER PT S AU Islam, AE Nikoleav, P Amama, PB Zakharov, D Sargent, G Saber, S Huffman, D Erford, M Semiatin, SL Stach, EA Maruyama, B AF Islam, A. E. Nikoleav, P. Amama, P. B. Zakharov, D. Sargent, G. Saber, S. Huffman, D. Erford, M. Semiatin, S. L. Stach, E. A. Maruyama, B. BE Razeghi, M Ghazinejad, M Bayram, C Yu, JS TI Engineering catalytic activity via ion beam bombardment of catalyst supports for vertically aligned carbon nanotube growth SO CARBON NANOTUBES, GRAPHENE, AND EMERGING 2D MATERIALS FOR ELECTRONIC AND PHOTONIC DEVICES VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Carbon Nanotubes, Graphene, and Emerging 2D Materials for Electronic and Photonic Devices VIII CY AUG 09-12, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Carbon nanotube; catalytic activity; catalyst support; ion beam bombardment ID ENERGY-STORAGE; CARPET GROWTH; ARRAYS; COMPOSITES; EVOLUTION; WATER; TERMINATION; MORPHOLOGY; SAPPHIRE; ELECTRONICS AB Carbon nanotube growth depends on the catalytic activity of metal nanoparticles on alumina or silica supports. The control on catalytic activity is generally achieved by variations in water concentration, carbon feed, and sample placement on a few types of alumina or silica catalyst supports obtained via thin film deposition. We have recently expanded the choice of catalyst supports by engineering inactive substrates like c-cut sapphire via ion beam bombardment. The deterministic control on the structure and chemistry of catalyst supports obtained by tuning the degree of beam-induced damage have enabled better regulation of the activity of Fe catalysts only in the ion beam bombarded areas and hence enabled controllable super growth of carbon nanotubes. A wide range of surface characterization techniques were used to monitor the catalytically active surface engineered via ion beam bombardment. The proposed method offers a versatile way to control carbon nanotube growth in patterned areas and also enhances the current understanding of the growth process. With the right choice of water concentration, carbon feed and sample placement, engineered catalyst supports may extend the carbon nanotube growth yield to a level that is even higher than the ones reported here, and thus offers promising applications of carbon nanotubes in electronics, heat exchanger, and energy storage. C1 [Islam, A. E.; Nikoleav, P.; Sargent, G.; Saber, S.; Huffman, D.; Semiatin, S. L.; Maruyama, B.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Islam, A. E.] CNR, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Nikoleav, P.; Sargent, G.; Saber, S.; Huffman, D.] Universal Energy Syst Inc, Biol & Nanoscale Technol Div, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. [Amama, P. B.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Zakharov, D.; Stach, E. A.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Huffman, D.] Wright State Univ, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Erford, M.] Southwestern Ohio Council Higher Educ, Dayton, OH 45403 USA. RP Islam, AE (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM aeislam@ieee.org; benji.maruyama@us.af.mil RI Zakharov, Dmitri/F-4493-2014; SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-718-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9552 AR 955206 DI 10.1117/12.2187052 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BD9WM UT WOS:000365511100004 ER PT S AU Cetnar, JS Zelmon, D Smith, DD Tomich, D AF Cetnar, John S. Zelmon, David Smith, Don D. Tomich, David BE Boardman, AD Tsai, DP TI Photoconductively/Electro-optically Excited Plasmonic Modulator/Switch and Room Temperature Transferred Electron Device/Smith-Purcell Radiation Terahertz Source SO PLASMONICS: METALLIC NANOSTRUCTURES AND THEIR OPTICAL PROPERTIES XIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Optics and Photonics Conference on Plasmonics - Metallic Nanostructures and their Optical Properties XIII CY AUG 09-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE AB Two novel devices are presented: a plasmonic modulator-switch for the long-wave infrared (LWIR) region and a terahertz (THz) radiation source based upon Smith-Purcell radiation (SPR) and a transferred electron device (TED). The modulator consists of a thin metal film, an underlying photoconductive substrate, input and output reflection gratings located on top of the film on opposite ends of the device, and a limited aperture detector located over the out-couple grating. LWIR incident at a given angle is in-coupled, generating surface plasmons (SPs) which propagate across the device. Changes to the electrical properties of the substrate will cause changes to the propagating SP wavevector which will change the out-coupled radiation's magnitude and angle. Thus, the detector can act as an optical modulator-switch. Full-wave electromagnetic simulations were performed on the modulator. The reflected power at various angles was calculated for a fixed incident angle at lambda = 10 mu m using various geometries and substrate materials. The predicted performance of the device is hereby presented. The THz source consists of a TED and a metal transmission grating separated by a high K dielectric. Upon the application of a sufficiently high electric field, space-charge domains form within and propagate across the TED. These space-charge regions couple to the grating electromagnetic modes and thus act as bunched electrons do in free-electron lasers. The result is the generation of coherent SPR. Time domain full-wave electromagnetic simulations were performed on the THz source. The predicted results show a weak but definite coherent emission at 1 THz. C1 [Cetnar, John S.; Tomich, David] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Zelmon, David] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Smith, Don D.] Freescale Semicond Inc, Austin, TX 78735 USA. RP Cetnar, JS (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-713-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9547 AR 95472D DI 10.1117/12.2185229 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE0CE UT WOS:000365754300066 ER PT S AU Cetnar, JS Guo, JP Brown, ER AF Cetnar, John S. Guo, Junpeng Brown, Elliott R. BE Boardman, AD Tsai, DP TI Terahertz metal grid polarizer with bridges on quartz substrate SO PLASMONICS: METALLIC NANOSTRUCTURES AND THEIR OPTICAL PROPERTIES XIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Optics and Photonics Conference on Plasmonics - Metallic Nanostructures and their Optical Properties XIII CY AUG 09-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Terahertz; wire grid polarizer; transparent electrode; modeling and simulation; wideband; surface plasmons AB The metal wire-grid polarizer is a venerable device that is used on radiation throughout the electromagnetic spectrum. It usually consists of a 1D-periodic array of subwavelength metallic wires in free space or mounted on a low-loss dielectric substrate, the plane of the grid being oriented perpendicular to the propagation direction. Herein is presented a new structure, a subwavelength wire-grid polarizer for the terahertz region that acts not only as a wideband polarizer but also as a transparent electrode. This function is achieved by the addition of periodically placed metallic bridges that connect the parallel metal wires of the polarizer. The bridges allow for the uniform distribution of an electrostatic potential over all wires while maintaining the polarizing functionality of the metal wire grid polarizer. Full-wave electromagnetic simulations were performed on the device. The transmittance was computed in both perpendicular polarization and parallel polarization from 100 to 4000 GHz, and the extinction ratio was calculated across the same range. Furthermore, fill-factor studies were performed to understand how device performance is affected by varying slot width and bridge length, as well as bridge offset. The simulation results showed extraordinary optical transmission through the device for perpendicular polarization, creating excellent transmittance and extinction ratios over the frequency range. The perpendicular polarization transmittance and extinction ratio at 1 THz was calculated to be -1 dB and -36 dB respectively. Meanwhile, the bridges allow the device to behave like a DC electrode. C1 [Cetnar, John S.] Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Guo, Junpeng] Univ Alabama, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Brown, Elliott R.] Wright State Univ, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Brown, Elliott R.] Wright State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Cetnar, JS (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-713-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9547 AR 95471O DI 10.1117/12.2185114 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE0CE UT WOS:000365754300047 ER PT S AU Pustovit, VN Urbas, AM Moffett, C Shahbazyan, TV AF Pustovit, Vitaliy N. Urbas, Augustine M. Moffett, Corey Shahbazyan, Tigran V. BE Boardman, AD Tsai, DP TI Energy transfer in plasmonic systems SO PLASMONICS: METALLIC NANOSTRUCTURES AND THEIR OPTICAL PROPERTIES XIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Optics and Photonics Conference on Plasmonics - Metallic Nanostructures and their Optical Properties XIII CY AUG 09-13, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE energy transfer; surface plasmon; Dicke superradiance ID SINGLE METAL-PARTICLE; QUANTUM DOTS; TRANSFER FRET; SURFACE; NANOPARTICLES; MOLECULES; ENHANCEMENT; MICROCAVITY; DONORS AB We study cooperative effects in energy transfer (ET) from an ensemble of donors to an acceptor near a plasmonic nanostructure. We demonstrate that, in the cooperative regime, ET takes place from plasmonic superradiant and subradiant states rather than from individual donors leading to a significant increase in ET efficiency. The cooperative amplification of the ET relies on the large coupling of superradiant states to external fields and on the slow decay rate of subradiant states. We show that superradiant and subradiant ET mechanisms are efficient in different energy domains and, therefore, can be utilized independently. We present numerical results demonstrating the amplification effect for a layer of donors and an acceptor on a spherical plasmonic nanoparticle. C1 [Pustovit, Vitaliy N.; Urbas, Augustine M.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Moffett, Corey; Shahbazyan, Tigran V.] Jackson State Univ, Dept Phys, Jackson, MS 39217 USA. RP Pustovit, VN (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-713-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2015 VL 9547 AR 95470O DI 10.1117/12.2186801 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE0CE UT WOS:000365754300020 ER PT S AU Ehrhardt, DA Yang, SF Beberniss, TJ Allen, MS AF Ehrhardt, David A. Yang, Shifei Beberniss, Timothy J. Allen, Matthew S. BE DeClerck, J TI Linear and Nonlinear Response of a Rectangular Plate Measured with Continuous-Scan Laser Doppler Vibrometry and 3D-Digital Image Correlation SO EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES, ROTATING MACHINERY, AND ACOUSTICS, VOL 8 SE Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd IMAC Conference and Exposition on Structural Dynamics CY FEB 02-05, 2015 CL Orlando, FL SP IMAC, Soc Experimental Mech DE Continuous scan; Laser Doppler vibrometer; Digital image correlation; Nonlinear deflection ID LDV AB Dynamic measurement of real structures, such as panels, can be difficult due to their low mass and complicated deformations under large amplitude loading conditions. These conditions bring to light shortcomings of traditional sensors such as accelerometers, strain gauges, displacement transducers, etc. A majority of these sensors require contact with the structure under test which tends to modify the dynamic response of these light structures. In contrast, a few recently developed techniques are capable of measuring the response over a wide measurement field without contacting the structure, which is ideal for these structures. Two techniques are considered here: continuous-scan laser Doppler vibrometry (CSLDV) and high speed three dimensional digital image correlation (3D-DIC). Both techniques can be used to return real-time deformation shapes under certain conditions; however, measurements will be obtained using post processing here. The linear and nonlinear deformations of a clamped flat plate under steady state sinusoidal loading will be measured using both techniques and compared with a finite element model to assess the relative merits of each measurement approach. C1 [Ehrhardt, David A.; Allen, Matthew S.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Engn Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Yang, Shifei] Praxair Inc, Tonawanda, NY 14150 USA. [Beberniss, Timothy J.] Air Force Res Lab, Struct Sci Ctr, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Ehrhardt, DA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Engn Phys, 1500 Engn Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM dehrhardt@wisc.edu NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 2191-5644 BN 978-3-319-15236-3; 978-3-319-15235-6 J9 C PROC SOC EXP MECH PY 2015 BP 251 EP 263 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-15236-3_23 PG 13 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA BD9OK UT WOS:000364992100023 ER PT S AU Collins, M Gluck, KA Jastrzembski, TS AF Collins, Michael Gluck, Kevin A. Jastrzembski, Tiffany S. BE Schmorrow, DD Fidopiastis, CM TI DataShopping for Performance Predictions SO FOUNDATIONS OF AUGMENTED COGNITION, AC 2015 SE Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Augmented Cognition (AC) Held as Part of 17th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (HCI International) CY AUG 02-07, 2015 CL Los Angeles, CA DE Performance prediction; Datashop; Repository; Learning optimization; Mathematical models AB Mathematical models of learning have been created to capitalize on the regularities that are seen when individuals acquire new skills, which could be useful if implemented in learning management systems. One such mathematical model is the Predictive Performance Equation (PPE). It is the intent that PPE will be used to predict the performance of individuals to inform real-world education and training decisions. However, in order to improve mathematical models of learning, data from multiple samples are needed. Online data repositories, such as Carnegie Mellon University's DataShop, provide data from multiple studies at fine levels of granularity. In this paper, we describe results from a set of analyses ranging across levels of granularity in order to assess the predictive validity of PPE in educational contexts available in the repository. C1 [Collins, Michael] Air Force Res Lab, ORISE, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Gluck, Kevin A.; Jastrzembski, Tiffany S.] Air Force Res Lab, Cognit Models & Agents Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Collins, M (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, ORISE, 2620 Q St,Bldg 852, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM michael.collins.74.ctr@us.af.mil; kevin.gluck@us.af.mil; tiffany.jastrzemski@us.af.mil NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-20816-9; 978-3-319-20815-2 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2015 VL 9183 BP 12 EP 23 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-20816-9_2 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BD9KA UT WOS:000364809400002 ER PT J AU Van Antwerp, M Dickman, J Soloviev, A Vinande, E AF Van Antwerp, Michael Dickman, Jeff Soloviev, Andrey Vinande, Eric GP Inst Navigat TI Multi-Node Distributed GPS Receiver: Design Approach, Test Results and Real-Time Implementation Status SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2015 INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL MEETING OF THE INSTITUTE OF NAVIGATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Technical Meeting of the Institute-of-Navigation (ION ITM) CY JAN 26-28, 2015 CL Dana Point, CA SP Inst Navigat AB This paper discusses implementation status of the MUlti-platform Signal and Trajectory Estimation Receiver (MUSTER) technology. The main advantage of the multi-platform formulation is that an ad-hoc distributed GNSS receiver network has improved signal tracking performance for attenuated and jammed satellite signals. For example, distributed tracking allows disadvantaged users to import signals and signal energy from advantaged ones and retain robust GNSS signal processing capabilities. The paper discusses the overall technological approach and real-time implementation results. This includes a discussion of open-loop tracking and how it is useful in environments with degraded signal conditions, as well as fundamental functions for multi-platform signal combination and estimation. The paper also describes real-time implementation of MUSTER using GNSS ENgine for CORrelation (GENCOR) and reports current testing results. C1 [Van Antwerp, Michael; Dickman, Jeff] Northrop Grumman, Falls Church, VA 22042 USA. [Vinande, Eric] AFRL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Van Antwerp, M (reprint author), Northrop Grumman, Falls Church, VA 22042 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST NAVIGATION PI WASHINGTON PA 815 15TH ST NW, STE 832, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA PY 2015 BP 614 EP 622 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BD9OT UT WOS:000365040300065 ER PT B AU Leonard, DW AF Leonard, Douglas W. BE Radcliffe, K Scott, J Werner, A TI Writing Against the Grain Antenor Firmin and the Refutation of Nineteenth-Century European Race Science SO Anywhere But Here: Black Intellectuals in the Atlantic World and Beyond LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Leonard, Douglas W.] US Air Force Acad, Hist, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Leonard, Douglas W.] US Air Force Acad, European & African Hist, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Leonard, DW (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Hist, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV PRESS MISSISSIPPI PI JACKSON PA 3825 RIDGEWOOD RD, JACKSON, MS 39211 USA BN 978-1-6284-6156-5; 978-1-6284-6155-8 PY 2015 BP 27 EP 46 PG 20 WC Ethnic Studies; History SC Ethnic Studies; History GA BD6FA UT WOS:000362169800002 ER PT J AU Reiman, AD Main, BD Anderson, BE AF Reiman, Adam D. Main, Bryan D. Anderson, Bradley E. TI Enhancing airlift fuel efficiency through increased utilization of cargo capacity SO JOURNAL OF DEFENSE MODELING AND SIMULATION-APPLICATIONS METHODOLOGY TECHNOLOGY-JDMS LA English DT Article DE Supply chain management; transportation planning; airlift fuel efficiency AB This paper addresses the constraints preventing full utilization of an aircraft's cargo compartment. The fact that many sorties are flown with less than the maximum allowable weight or volume results in more airlift sorties being required to move the same amount of cargo. Various solutions are investigated to more efficiently fill the volume while simultaneously maximizing against the weight constraint. Solving the problem of the inefficient utilization of the airlift cargo compartment space can increase aircraft and aircrew availability, reduce fuel consumption for a given level of output, and reduce the number of flights required into constrained airfields. We recommend a pallet stacking solution moving cargo from Dover Air Force Base to Ramstein Air Force Base that we estimate would reduce C-17 sorties 31.4% when aggregated over a three calendar day period saving over eight million dollars per year. C1 [Reiman, Adam D.; Main, Bryan D.] US Air Force, Dept Operat Sci, Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Anderson, Bradley E.] Ball State Univ, Logist & Supply Chain Management, Muncie, IN 47306 USA. RP Main, BD (reprint author), US Air Force, Dept Operat Sci, Inst Technol, Bldg 641,2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM bryan.main@afit.edu NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1548-5129 EI 1557-380X J9 J DEF MODEL SIMUL-AP JI J. Def. Model. Simul.-Appl. Methodol. Technol.-JDMS PD JAN PY 2015 VL 12 IS 1 SI SI BP 19 EP 29 DI 10.1177/1548512913510633 PG 11 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA CV7YR UT WOS:000364493800003 ER PT J AU Blake, WB Bieniawski, SR Flanzer, TC AF Blake, William B. Bieniawski, Stefan R. Flanzer, Tristan C. TI Surfing aircraft vortices for energy SO JOURNAL OF DEFENSE MODELING AND SIMULATION-APPLICATIONS METHODOLOGY TECHNOLOGY-JDMS LA English DT Article DE Aerospace; applications in science and engineering AB Extraction of energy from the trailing wakes of aircraft is discussed. The objective is to reduce the fuel burn for trailing aircraft in a formation. Past formation flight experiments showing the feasibility of the concept are reviewed. Results from a series of C-17 mission simulations are shown that provide fuel savings estimates for various mission lengths. The effects of operational constraints such as holding times for landing and formation joining, fuel reserve requirement, and spacing between origin and destination bases are also shown. C1 [Blake, William B.] Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Bieniawski, Stefan R.; Flanzer, Tristan C.] Boeing Co, Boeing Res & Technol, Seattle, WA USA. RP Blake, WB (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM william.blake2@wpafb.af.mil NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1548-5129 EI 1557-380X J9 J DEF MODEL SIMUL-AP JI J. Def. Model. Simul.-Appl. Methodol. Technol.-JDMS PD JAN PY 2015 VL 12 IS 1 SI SI BP 31 EP 39 DI 10.1177/1548512913500734 PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA CV7YR UT WOS:000364493800004 ER PT J AU Shuman, NS Wiens, JP Sawyer, JC Ard, SG Martinez, O Miller, TM Viggiano, AA AF Shuman, Nicholas S. Wiens, Justin P. Sawyer, Jordan C. Ard, Shaun G. Martinez, Oscar, Jr. Miller, Thomas M. Viggiano, Albert A. TI Reaction of the CF3 Radical with Various Cations (Ar+, Xe+, O-2(+), NO+, CO2+, C2F5+) SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PHYSIKALISCHE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY & CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Radical; Cation; Reaction Kinetics; Ion-molecule; Ion-radical; Fluorocarbon; Rate Constant ID THERMAL ELECTRON-ATTACHMENT; CHARGE-TRANSFER REACTIONS; FLOWING AFTERGLOW; SHOCK-WAVE; FLUOROCARBON PLASMAS; ORGANIC RADICALS; ENERGY; PHOTOIONIZATION; DISSOCIATION; TEMPERATURE AB The kinetics of reactions of the trifluoromethyl radical (CF3) with several simple cations (Ar+, Xe+, O-2(+), NO+, CO2+, C2F3+) are studied via the variable electron and neutral density attachment mass spectrometry (VENDAMS) technique. CF3 is produced via dissociative electron attachment to CF3I, resulting in radical concentrations that are smaller than produced using pyrolysis methods, but better quantified. Rate constants and product branching fractions are reported, with typical uncertainties of similar to 30%. Three of the reactions, Ar+, O-2(+), and C2F3+ proceed near the calculated collisional rate constant, while the other reactions are between 10%-30% efficient. The inefficiency of the reactions of Xe+ and CO2+ can be explained by the reactions strictly obeying spin-conservation. The reaction of Ar+ yields predominantly (90%) CF2+ via dissociative charge transfer, with a minor channel to CF3+. The reaction of C2F5+ yields predominantly CF3+ with a second channel (similar to 25%) yielding C2F4+ and CF4, the only example here of a bond-breaking and bond-making reaction. For the other four reactions, only charge transfer to yield CF3+ is observed. Rate constants for these same ions with CF3I are also reported and found to be rapid with a variety of products formed. C1 [Shuman, Nicholas S.; Wiens, Justin P.; Sawyer, Jordan C.; Ard, Shaun G.; Martinez, Oscar, Jr.; Miller, Thomas M.; Viggiano, Albert A.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Viggiano, AA (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM afrl.rvborgmailbox@kirtland.af.mil FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [AFOSR-2303EP]; National Research Council Research Associateship Program FX We gratefully acknowledge a long collaboration and friendship with Jurgen Troe and it is an extreme pleasure to participate in this honorary volume. This work is supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR-2303EP). J. P. W. is grateful for support from the National Research Council Research Associateship Program. J. C. S. completed this work through participation in the AFRL Space Scholars program. NR 55 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0942-9352 J9 Z PHYS CHEM JI Z. Phys. Chemie-Int. J. Res. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 229 IS 10-12 SI SI BP 1691 EP 1707 DI 10.1515/zpch-2015-0595 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA CV9LP UT WOS:000364609000012 ER PT J AU Xie, J Scott, MJ Hase, WL Hierl, PM Viggiano, AA AF Xie, Jing Scott, Michael J. Hase, William L. Hierl, Peter M. Viggiano, Albert A. TI Determination of the Temperature-Dependent OH-(H2O) + CH3I Rate Constant by Experiment and Simulation SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PHYSIKALISCHE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY & CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Direct Dynamics; Micro-Solvation; S(N)2; Proton Transfer; SIFT; Zero Point Energy ID NUCLEOPHILIC DISPLACEMENT-REACTIONS; CLASSICAL TRAJECTORY SIMULATIONS; EXCHANGE-CORRELATION FUNCTIONALS; CHEMICAL-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; PHASE S(N)2 REACTIONS; MODEL SN2 REACTION; GAS-PHASE; RATE CONSTANTS; SYMPLECTIC INTEGRATION; INSERTION REACTIONS AB Experimental and simulation studies of the OH-(H2O) + CH3I reaction give temperature dependent rate constants which are in excellent agreement. Though there are statistical uncertainties, there is an apparent small decrease in the rate constant as the temperature is increased from -60 to 125 degrees C, and for this temperature range the rate constant is similar to 1.6 times smaller than that for the unsolvated reactants OH- + CH3I. Previous work [J. Phys. Chem. A 117 (2013) 14019] for the unsolvated reaction found that the S(N)2 and proton transfer pathways, forming CH3OH + I- and CH2I- + H2O, have nearly equal probabilities. However, for the microsolvated OH- (H2O) + CH3I reaction the S(N)2 pathways dominate. An important contributor to this effect is the stronger binding of H2O to the OH- reactant than to the proton transfer product CH2I-, increasing the barrier for the proton transfer pathway. The effect of microsolvation on the rate constant for the OH- (H2O)(0,1) + CH3I reactions agrees with previous experimental studies for X- (H2O)(0,1) + CH3Y reactions. The simulations show that there are important non-statistical attributes to the entrance- and exit-channel dynamics for the OH- (H2O) + CH3I reaction. C1 [Xie, Jing; Scott, Michael J.; Hase, William L.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Hierl, Peter M.] Univ Kansas, Dept Chem, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Viggiano, Albert A.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Hase, WL (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM bill.hase@ttu.edu FU Robert A. Welch Foundation [D-0005]; National Science Foundation CRIF-MU [CHE-0840493]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [AFOSR-2303EP] FX The computational research reported here is based upon work supported by the Robert A. Welch Foundation under grant No. D-0005. The simulations were performed at the High Performance Computing Center (HPCC) at Texas Tech University, under the direction of Philip W. Smith, and on the Robinson computer cluster in the TTU Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry whose purchase was funded by the National Science Foundation CRIF-MU Grant CHE-0840493. The experimental research is supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research through the AFOSR-2303EP grant to A. A. Viggiano. Bill Hase and Al Viggiano have greatly appreciated and enjoyed their interactions with Juergen Troe regarding the dynamics and kinetics of chemical reactions, and in particular unimolecular reactions. NR 60 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 19 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0942-9352 J9 Z PHYS CHEM JI Z. Phys. Chemie-Int. J. Res. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 229 IS 10-12 SI SI BP 1747 EP 1763 DI 10.1515/zpch-2015-0663 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA CV9LP UT WOS:000364609000015 ER PT S AU Schwenker, ES Romigh, GD AF Schwenker, Eric S. Romigh, Griffin D. BE Vincent, E Yeredor, A Koldovsky, Z Tichavsky, P TI Towards Individualized Spatial Audio via Latent Variable Modeling SO LATENT VARIABLE ANALYSIS AND SIGNAL SEPARATION, LVA/ICA 2015 SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Latent Variable Analysis and Signal Separation (LVA/ICA) CY AUG 25-28, 2015 CL Tech Univ Liberec, Liberec, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Technicolor, Tech Univ Liberec, Fac Mechatron, Informat & Interdisciplinary Studies, Jablotron, Conexant Syst, Sony HO Tech Univ Liberec AB Currently, many virtual reality systems and augmented reality displays lack the immersiveness and fidelity of real-life auditory space. This limitation is derived from an inability to easily measure individualized head related transfer functions (HRTFs), the key technology behind high-fidelity spatial audio. This study presents an initial framework based on a joint maximization EM algorithm for affordable HRTF estimation that eliminates the need for both head-tracking and/or prior source location knowledge from the HRTF measurement process. C1 [Schwenker, Eric S.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Schwenker, Eric S.; Romigh, Griffin D.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Schwenker, ES (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM eschwenk@andrew.cmu.edu; griffin.romigh@us.af.mil NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-22482-4; 978-3-319-22481-7 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2015 VL 9237 BP 470 EP 477 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-22482-4_55 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BD8CA UT WOS:000363785500055 ER PT B AU Pilot, D AF Pilot, Drone BE Bergen, PL Rothenberg, D TI Is War at a Very Intimate Level SO DRONE WARS: TRANSFORMING CONFLICT, LAW, AND POLICY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Nellis AFB, Las Vegas, NV 89115 USA. RP Pilot, D (reprint author), Nellis AFB, Las Vegas, NV 89115 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-107-02556-1; 978-1-107-66338-1 PY 2015 BP 113 EP 117 PG 5 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BD5HG UT WOS:000361441500007 ER PT B AU Blanchard, C AF Blanchard, Charles BE Bergen, PL Rothenberg, D TI This Is Not War by Machine SO DRONE WARS: TRANSFORMING CONFLICT, LAW, AND POLICY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Blanchard, Charles] US Air Force, Washington, DC USA. [Blanchard, Charles] US Army, Arlington, VA USA. RP Blanchard, C (reprint author), Arnold & Porter LLP, Washington, DC 20004 USA. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-107-02556-1; 978-1-107-66338-1 PY 2015 BP 118 EP 128 PG 11 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BD5HG UT WOS:000361441500008 ER PT B AU Dahm, WJA AF Dahm, Werner J. A. BE Bergen, PL Rothenberg, D TI "Drones" Now and What to Expect Over the Next Ten Years SO DRONE WARS: TRANSFORMING CONFLICT, LAW, AND POLICY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Dahm, Werner J. A.] Arizona State Univ, Secur & Def Syst Initiat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Dahm, Werner J. A.] Arizona State Univ, Aerosp & Mech Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Dahm, Werner J. A.] US Air Force, Washington, DC USA. RP Dahm, WJA (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Secur & Def Syst Initiat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-107-02556-1; 978-1-107-66338-1 PY 2015 BP 348 EP 358 PG 11 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BD5HG UT WOS:000361441500019 ER PT J AU Ashley, B Lovingood, DD Chiu, YC Gao, HW Owens, J Strouse, GF AF Ashley, Bridgett Lovingood, Derek D. Chiu, Yu-Che Gao, Hanwei Owens, Jeffery Strouse, Geoffrey F. TI Specific effects in microwave chemistry explored through reactor vessel design, theory, and spectroscopy SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-SYNTHESIS; QUANTUM DOTS; REACTION-RATES; NANOPARTICLES; CARBIDE; GROWTH; PROBE; ACID AB Microwave chemistry has revolutionized synthetic methodology for the preparation of organics, pharmaceuticals, materials, and peptides. The enhanced reaction rates commonly observed in a microwave have led to wide speculation about the function of molecular microwave absorption and whether the absorption leads to microwave specific effects and enhanced molecular heating. The comparison of theoretical modeling, reactor vessel design, and dielectric spectroscopy allows the nuance of the interaction to be directly understood. The study clearly shows an unaltered silicon carbide vessel allows measurable microwave penetration and therefore, molecular absorption of the microwave photons by the reactants within the reaction vessel cannot be ignored when discussing the role of molecular heating in enhanced molecular reactivity for microwave synthesis. The results of the study yield an improved microwave reactor vessel design that eliminates microwave leakage into the reaction volume by incorporating a noble metal surface layer onto a silicon carbide reaction vessel. The systematic study provides the necessary theory and measurements to better inform the arguments in the field. C1 [Ashley, Bridgett; Strouse, Geoffrey F.] Florida State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Ashley, Bridgett; Owens, Jeffery] Air Force Civil Engn Ctr, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. [Lovingood, Derek D.] Universal Technol Corp, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403 USA. [Chiu, Yu-Che; Gao, Hanwei] Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Strouse, GF (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM strouse@chem.fsu.edu RI Gao, Hanwei/B-3634-2010 FU Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Technology fellowship; NSF [NSF-CHE 0911080] FX The project was funded in part by an Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Technology fellowship and NSF under NSF-CHE 0911080. NR 49 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 15 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 EI 1463-9084 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 17 IS 41 BP 27317 EP 27327 DI 10.1039/c5cp03961d PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA CU0GJ UT WOS:000363193800010 PM 26280744 ER PT B AU Reddel, CW AF Reddel, Carl W. BE Johnson, RD TI Ike: The American Internationalist SO ASIA PACIFIC IN THE AGE OF GLOBALIZATION SE Palgrave Macmillan Transnational History Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Reddel, Carl W.] US Air Force, Washington Dc, CA USA. [Reddel, Carl W.] Dwight D Eisenhower Mem Commiss, Washington, DC 20006 USA. [Reddel, Carl W.] Eisenhower Mem Commiss, Washington, DC USA. [Reddel, Carl W.] Gettysburg Coll Penn, Ctr Publ Serv, Gettysburg, PA USA. [Reddel, Carl W.] Eisenhower World Affairs Inst, Washington, DC USA. [Reddel, Carl W.] US Air Force Acad, Dept Hist, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Reddel, CW (reprint author), Dwight D Eisenhower Mem Commiss, Washington, DC 20006 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PALGRAVE PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-137-45538-3; 978-1-137-45537-6 J9 PALG MAC TRANSNAT H PY 2015 BP 52 EP 61 PG 10 WC Area Studies; Economics SC Area Studies; Business & Economics GA BD4YL UT WOS:000361202200006 ER PT J AU Briggs, BD Bedford, NM Seifert, S Koerner, H Ramezani-Dakhel, H Heinz, H Naik, RR Frenkel, AI Knecht, MR AF Briggs, Beverly D. Bedford, Nicholas M. Seifert, Soenke Koerner, Hilmar Ramezani-Dakhel, Hadi Heinz, Hendrik Naik, Rajesh R. Frenkel, Anatoly I. Knecht, Marc R. TI Atomic-scale identification of Pd leaching in nanoparticle catalyzed C-C coupling: effects of particle surface disorder SO CHEMICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PALLADIUM NANOPARTICLES; SUZUKI REACTION; HECK REACTIONS; NANOCATALYSTS; MECHANISM; SIZE; ELUCIDATION; STABILITY; VIEW AB C-C coupling reactions are of great importance in the synthesis of numerous organic compounds, where Pd nanoparticle catalyzed systems represent new materials to efficiently drive these reactions. Despite their pervasive utility, the catalytic mechanism of these particle-based reactions remains highly contested. Herein we present evidence of an atom leaching mechanism for Stille coupling under aqueous conditions using peptide-capped Pd nanoparticles. EXAFS analysis revealed Pd coordination changes in the nanoparticle consistent with Pd atom abstraction, where sizing analysis by SAXS confirmed particle size changes associated with a leaching process. It is likely that recently discovered highly disordered surface Pd atoms are the favored catalytic active sites and are leached during oxidative addition, resulting in smaller particles. Probing the mechanism of nanoparticle-driven C-C coupling reactions through structural analyses provides fundamental information concerning these active sites and their reactivity at the atomic-scale, which can be used to improve catalytic performance to meet important sustainability goals. C1 [Briggs, Beverly D.; Bedford, Nicholas M.; Knecht, Marc R.] Univ Miami, Dept Chem, 1301 Mem Dr, Coral Gables, FL 33146 USA. [Bedford, Nicholas M.; Koerner, Hilmar; Naik, Rajesh R.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Bedford, Nicholas M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Seifert, Soenke] Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Ramezani-Dakhel, Hadi; Heinz, Hendrik] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Frenkel, Anatoly I.] Yeshiva Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10016 USA. RP Knecht, MR (reprint author), Univ Miami, Dept Chem, 1301 Mem Dr, Coral Gables, FL 33146 USA. EM knecht@miami.edu RI Frenkel, Anatoly/D-3311-2011; Heinz, Hendrik/E-3866-2010 OI Frenkel, Anatoly/0000-0002-5451-1207; Heinz, Hendrik/0000-0002-6776-7404 FU National Science Foundation [CBET-1033334, DMR 1437355]; Department of Energy [DE-FG02-03ER15476]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research; University of Miami; National Research Council; Synchrotron Catalysis Consortium, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG0205ER15688]; DOE [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation (MK: CBET-1033334, HH: DMR 1437355), Department of Energy (AIF: DE-FG02-03ER15476) and Air Force Office of Scientific Research (RN). Additional support from the University of Miami is also acknowledged. NB acknowledges fellowship support from the National Research Council Associateship Award. Beamline X18B at the NSLS is supported in part by the Synchrotron Catalysis Consortium, U.S. Department of Energy, Grant No. DE-FG0205ER15688. The authors also are grateful for the use of the Advanced Photon Source, Beamline 12-ID-C, an Office Science User Facility operated for the DOE Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory, DOE supported under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357, as well as for the allocation of computational resources at the Ohio Supercomputing Center. NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 8 U2 18 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2041-6520 EI 2041-6539 J9 CHEM SCI JI Chem. Sci. PY 2015 VL 6 IS 11 BP 6413 EP 6419 DI 10.1039/c5sc01424g PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CT7EP UT WOS:000362977000049 ER PT J AU Valladares, CE Pedersen, T Sheehan, R AF Valladares, C. E. Pedersen, T. Sheehan, R. TI Polar cap patches observed during the magnetic storm of November 2003: observations and modeling SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE Ionosphere; instruments and techniques ID F-REGION PATCHES; TIME-VARYING CONVECTION; ELECTRON-DENSITY; PLASMA PATCHES; LAYER PATCHES; GRAVITY-WAVES; WINTER; CUSP; ENHANCEMENTS; IONOSPHERE AB We present multi-instrumented measurements and multi-technique analysis of polar cap patches observed early during the recovery phase of the major magnetic storm of 20 November 2003 to investigate the origin of the polar cap patches. During this event, the Qaanaaq imager observed elongated polar cap patches, some of which containing variable brightness; the Qaanaaq digisonde detected abrupt NmF2 fluctuations; the Sondrestrom incoherent scatter radar (ISR) measured patches placed close to but poleward of the auroral oval-polar cap boundary; and the DMSP-F13 satellite intersected topside density enhancements, corroborating the presence of the patches seen by the imager, the digisonde, and the Sondrestrom ISR. A 2-D cross-correlation analysis was applied to series of two consecutive red-line images, indicating that the magnitude and direction of the patch velocities were in good agreement with the SuperDARN convection patterns. We applied a back-tracing analysis to the patch locations and found that most of the patches seen between 20:41 and 21:29 UT were likely transiting the throat region near 19:41 UT. Inspection of the SuperDARN velocities at this time indicates spatial and temporal collocation of a gap region between patches and large (1.7 km s(-1)) line-of-sight velocities. The variable airglow brightness of the patches observed between 20:33 and 20:43 UT was investigated using the numerical Global Theoretical Ionospheric Model (GTIM) driven by the SuperDARN convection patterns and a variable upward/downward neutral wind. Our numerical results indicate that variations in the airglow intensity up to 265 R can be produced by a constant 70 m s(-1) downward vertical wind. C1 [Valladares, C. E.; Sheehan, R.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. [Pedersen, T.] Kirtland Air Force Base, Space Vehicle Directorate, Air Force Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Valladares, CE (reprint author), Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. EM cesar.valladares@bc.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8718-09-C-0041]; NSF [ATM-1135675, ATM-1242476]; US National Science Foundation (NSF) FX The authors thank Simon Shepherd for taking the time to conduct analysis of the SuperDARN velocities. We also thank Dwight Decker and David Anderson for useful insights into GTIM and for helping us to develop a way to calculate molecular ions and red-line emission intensities. We acknowledge Santimay Basu for providing useful suggestions for improving the paper. We thank Eileen MacKenzie for providing data from the scintillation system at Thule, Greenland. The work at Boston College was partially supported through Air Force Research Laboratory contract FA8718-09-C-0041 and NSF grants ATM-1135675 and ATM-1242476. Data collection and analysis at AFRL were supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. The Sondrestrom ISR and the SuperDARN radar program receive support from the US National Science Foundation (NSF) Upper Atmosphere Facilities Program. NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 EI 1432-0576 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2015 VL 33 IS 9 BP 1117 EP 1133 DI 10.5194/angeo-33-1117-2015 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CT0BI UT WOS:000362458300004 ER PT J AU Wang, L Gutierrez-Cuevas, KG Bisoyi, HK Xiang, J Singh, G Zola, RS Kumar, S Lavrentovich, OD Urbas, A Li, Q AF Wang, Ling Gutierrez-Cuevas, Karla G. Bisoyi, Hari Krishna Xiang, Jie Singh, Gautam Zola, Rafael S. Kumar, Satyendra Lavrentovich, Oleg D. Urbas, Augustine Li, Quan TI NIR light-directing self-organized 3D photonic superstructures loaded with anisotropic plasmonic hybrid nanorods SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID PHASE LIQUID-CRYSTALS; BLUE PHASES; GOLD NANORODS; NANOPARTICLES; REFLECTION; RANGE AB Self-organized 3D photonic superstructures loaded with plasmonic hybrid nanorods were found to undergo structural transformation from body-centered cubic to simple cubic upon NIR-light irradiation resulting from the "photothermal effect'' of gold nanorods. Furthermore, dynamic NIR light-directed red, green and blue reflections of the nanocomposites were demonstrated. C1 [Wang, Ling; Gutierrez-Cuevas, Karla G.; Bisoyi, Hari Krishna; Xiang, Jie; Lavrentovich, Oleg D.; Li, Quan] Kent State Univ, Inst Liquid Crystal, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Wang, Ling; Gutierrez-Cuevas, Karla G.; Bisoyi, Hari Krishna; Xiang, Jie; Lavrentovich, Oleg D.; Li, Quan] Kent State Univ, Chem Phys Interdisciplinary Program, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Singh, Gautam; Kumar, Satyendra] Kent State Univ, Dept Phys, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Zola, Rafael S.] Univ Tecnol Fed Parana Apucarana, Dept Fis, BR-86812460 Apucarana, PR, Brazil. [Urbas, Augustine] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Li, Q (reprint author), Kent State Univ, Inst Liquid Crystal, Kent, OH 44242 USA. EM qli1@kent.edu FU AFOSR [FA9950-09-1-0254, FA9550-12-1-0037]; CONACyT Scholarship [211982]; NSF [DMR 1121288]; NSF under its US Ireland R&D Partnership grant [DMR-1410649] FX Q. Li thanks the AFOSR (FA9950-09-1-0254 and FA9550-12-1-0037) and the CONACyT Scholarship 211982 to KGC is acknowledged. ODL thanks the NSF DMR 1121288. GS and SK's X-ray diffraction was supported by the NSF under its US Ireland R&D Partnership grant DMR-1410649. The TEM data were obtained at the (cryo) TEM facility at the Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, supported by the Ohio Research Scholars Program Research Cluster on Surfaces in Advanced Materials. NR 30 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 4 U2 21 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 EI 1364-548X J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2015 VL 51 IS 81 BP 15039 EP 15042 DI 10.1039/c5cc06146f PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CS8PX UT WOS:000362351500020 PM 26312568 ER PT J AU Fotia, ML Sell, BC Hoke, J Wakefield, S Schauer, F AF Fotia, Matthew L. Sell, Brian C. Hoke, John Wakefield, Stephen Schauer, Fred TI 1 kHz MID-IR ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY FOR CO AND CO2 CONCENTRATION AND TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT SO COMBUSTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Combustion; Diffusion flame; Efficiency; Laser diagnostics; Quantum cascade ID CASCADE LASER-ABSORPTION; MU-M; CARBON-MONOXIDE; SENSOR; GASES AB A sensor for in situ combustion gas measurements of concentration and temperature of carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) has been developed and tested on a temperature calibrated diffusion flame burner in order to measure combustion efficiency. The fundamental bands of both molecules are exploited using distributed feedback quantum cascade lasers near 4.40 and 4.58 mu m at which the absorption line-strengths are multiple orders of magnitude larger than overtone and combination bands at lower wavelengths. Spectra were taken at a rate of 1 kHz across a 50.8-mm path length of an ethylene (C2H4)air diffusion flame at heights of 5 to 25 mm above the burner and at equivalence ratios ranging from 0.5 to 1.5. Total combustion efficiency was measured using the concentrations of CO and CO2, and temperature was obtained from relative strengths of multiple CO2 absorption lines with differing lower state energies. The results are compared to previous coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS) temperature measurements and equilibrium chemical calculations. C1 [Fotia, Matthew L.] CNR, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Sell, Brian C.; Hoke, John] Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH USA. [Wakefield, Stephen] Air Force Inst Technol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [Schauer, Fred] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Fotia, ML (reprint author), Adv Concepts Grp, Combust Branch, Blgd 71a D Bay,7th St, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM matt.fotia@gmail.com FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) FX This work is supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) and the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL). NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-2202 EI 1563-521X J9 COMBUST SCI TECHNOL JI Combust. Sci. Technol. PY 2015 VL 187 IS 12 BP 1922 EP 1936 DI 10.1080/00102202.2015.1069281 PG 15 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA CS8NW UT WOS:000362345800005 ER PT S AU Sobolewski, M Kolonay, R AF Sobolewski, Michael Kolonay, Raymond BE Curran, R Wognum, N Borsato, M Stjepandic, J Verhagen, WJC TI Service-oriented Life Cycles for Developing Transdisciplinary Engineering Systems SO TRANSDISCIPLINARY LIFECYCLE ANALYSIS OF SYSTEMS SE Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd ISPE-Inc International Conference on Concurrent Engineering CY JUL 20-23, 2015 CL Delft Univ Technol, Delft, NETHERLANDS SP Int Soc Productiv Enhancement Inc, IOS Press, PROSTEP AG HO Delft Univ Technol DE MADO; SDLC; service-orientation; N-2 and N-3 diagrams; exertion-oriented programming; mogramming; transdisciplinary systems; SORCER AB A transdisciplinary computational model requires extensive computational resources to study the behavior of complex engineering systems by computer simulation. The large system under study that consists of hundreds or thousands of variables is often a complex engineering design system for which simple, intuitive analytical solutions are not readily available. In this paper the basic concepts of mogramming (modeling and programming, or both) for N-3 (three-dimensional design structure matrix) diagramming in a Service-ORriented Computing enviRonment (SORCER) are presented. On the one hand, mogramming with service variables allows for computational fidelity with multiple services, evaluations, and sources of data. On the other hand, any combination of local and remote services in the system can be described as a collaborative service federation of engineering applications, tools, and utilities. A service-oriented lifecycle for all phases of mogram-based systems development reflecting N-3 diagraming is presented. In particular all basic phases from inception through analysis, design, construction, transition, and maintenance are outlined in a service-oriented framework for deploying transdisciplinary engineering design systems. C1 [Sobolewski, Michael; Kolonay, Raymond] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Sobolewski, Michael] Polish Japanese Inst IT, PL-02008 Warsaw, Poland. RP Sobolewski, M (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM sobol@sorcersoft.org NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 7 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 2352-7528 BN 978-1-61499-544-9; 978-1-61499-543-2 J9 ADV TRANSDISCIPL ENG PY 2015 VL 2 BP 541 EP 551 DI 10.3233/978-1-61499-544-9-541 PG 11 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial SC Engineering GA BD6ZS UT WOS:000362791800054 ER PT S AU Liang, PP Wu, Y Mei, X Yu, JY Blasch, E Prokhorov, D Liao, CY Lang, HT Ling, HB AF Liang, Pengpeng Wu, Yi Mei, Xue Yu, Jingyi Blasch, Erik Prokhorov, Danil Liao, Chunyuan Lang, Haitao Ling, Haibin BE Cremers, D Reid, I Saito, H Yang, MH TI Blur-Resilient Tracking Using Group Sparsity SO COMPUTER VISION - ACCV 2014, PT V SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Asian Conference on Computer Vision (ACCV) CY NOV 01-05, 2014 CL Singapore, SINGAPORE SP Singapore Tourism Board, Omron, Nvidia, Garena, Samsung, Adobe, ViSenze, Lee Fdn, Morpx, Microsoft Res, NICTA ID OBJECT TRACKING; ROBUST AB In this paper, a Blur Resilient target Tracking algorithm (BReT) is developed by modeling target appearance with a groupwise sparse approximation over a template set. Since blur templates of different directions are added to the template set to accommodate motion blur, there is a natural group structure among the templates. In order to enforce the solution of the sparse approximation problem to have group structure, we employ the mixed l(1) + l(1)/l(2) norm to regularize the model coefficients. Having observed the similarity of gradient distributions in the blur templates of the same direction, we further boost the tracking robustness by including gradient histograms in the appearance model. Then, we use an accelerated proximal gradient scheme to develop an efficient algorithm for the non-smooth optimization resulted from the representation. After that, blur estimation is performed by investigating the energy of the coefficients, and when the estimated target can be well approximated by the normal templates, we dynamically update the template set to reduce the drifting problem. Experimental results show that the proposed BReT algorithm outperforms state-of-the-art trackers on blurred sequences. C1 [Liang, Pengpeng; Wu, Yi; Lang, Haitao; Ling, Haibin] Temple Univ, Dept Comp & Informat Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Wu, Yi] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Jiangsu Key Lab Big Data Anal Technol, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Mei, Xue; Prokhorov, Danil] Toyota Res Inst, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [Yu, Jingyi] Univ Delaware, Dept Comp & Informat Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Blasch, Erik] Air Force Res Lab, Rome, NY USA. [Liao, Chunyuan] HiScene Informat Technol, Shanghai, Peoples R China. [Lang, Haitao] Beijing Univ Chem Technol, Dept Phys & Elect, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. RP Liang, PP (reprint author), Temple Univ, Dept Comp & Informat Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. EM pliang@temple.edu NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-16814-2; 978-3-319-16813-5 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2015 VL 9007 BP 131 EP 145 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-16814-2_9 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Medical Informatics; Robotics SC Computer Science; Medical Informatics; Robotics GA BD6OR UT WOS:000362446300009 ER PT J AU Kim, JH Kim, CH Yoon, H Youm, JS Jung, YC Bunker, CE Kim, YA Yang, KS AF Kim, Ji Hoon Kim, Chang Hyo Yoon, Hyeonseok Youm, Je Sung Jung, Yong Chae Bunker, Christopher E. Kim, Yoong Ahm Yang, Kap Seung TI Rationally engineered surface properties of carbon nanofibers for the enhanced supercapacitive performance of binary metal oxide nanosheets SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID ACTIVATED CARBON; NANOTUBES; CAPACITANCE; ADSORPTION; HYDROXIDES; COMPOSITE; NITROGEN; NICKEL; GROWTH; OXYGEN AB The hybridization of an electrochemically active metal oxide with electrically conductive carbon nanofibers (CNFs) has been utilized as a solution to overcome the energy density limitation of carbon-based supercapacitors as well as the poor cyclic stability of metal oxides. Herein, we have demonstrated the growth of binary metal oxide nanosheets on the engineered surface of CNFs to fully exploit their electrochemical activity. Metal oxide nanosheets were observed to grow vertically from the surface of CNFs. The high structural toughness of the CNF-metal oxide composite under strong sonication indicated strong interfacial binding strength between the metal oxide and the CNFs. The rationally designed porous CNFs presented a high specific surface area and showed high capacity for adsorbing metal ions, where the active edge sites acted as anchoring sites for the nucleation of metal oxides, thereby leading to the formation of a well dispersed and thin layer structure of binary metal oxide nanosheets. Excellent electrochemical performance (e.g., specific capacitance of 2894.70 F g(-1) and energy density of 403.28 W h kg(-1)) was observed for these binary metal oxide nanosheets, which can be attributed to the large increase in the accessible surface area of the electrochemically active metal oxide nanosheets due to their homogeneous distribution on porous CNFs, as well as the efficient charge transfer from the metal oxide to the CNFs facilitated the improvement in the performance. C1 [Kim, Ji Hoon; Kim, Chang Hyo; Yoon, Hyeonseok; Kim, Yoong Ahm; Yang, Kap Seung] Chonnam Natl Univ, Grad Sch, Dept Polymer Engn, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. [Yoon, Hyeonseok; Youm, Je Sung; Kim, Yoong Ahm; Yang, Kap Seung] Chonnam Natl Univ, Sch Polymer Sci & Engn, Alan G MacDiarmid Energy Res Inst, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. [Jung, Yong Chae] Korea Inst Sci & Technol, Inst Adv Composite Mat, Wanju Gun 565905, Jeonbuk, South Korea. [Bunker, Christopher E.] Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Yang, KS (reprint author), Chonnam Natl Univ, Grad Sch, Dept Polymer Engn, 77 Yongbong Ro, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. EM yak@jnu.ac.kr; ksyang@jnu.ac.kr RI Yoon, Hyeonseok/B-2855-2015 OI Yoon, Hyeonseok/0000-0002-5403-1617 FU Global Research Laboratory through National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) - Ministry of Science, ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) and Future Planning [2006-08639]; US Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Asian Office of Aerospace RD (AFOSR-AOARD); KIST Institutional Program FX This study was supported by Global Research Laboratory (2006-08639) through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) and Future Planning and US Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Asian Office of Aerospace R&D (AFOSR-AOARD). Y. C. J. acknowledges the support from the KIST Institutional Program. NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 20 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2050-7488 EI 2050-7496 J9 J MATER CHEM A JI J. Mater. Chem. A PY 2015 VL 3 IS 39 BP 19867 EP 19872 DI 10.1039/c5ta05258k PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA CS4JE UT WOS:000362041300031 ER PT B AU Mittal, S Doyle, MJ Portrey, AM AF Mittal, Saurabh Doyle, Margery J. Portrey, Antoinette M. BE Rainey, LB Tolk, A TI Human in the Loop in System of Systems (SoS) Modeling and Simulation: Applications to Live, Virtual, and Constructive (LVC) Distributed Mission Operations (DMO) Training SO MODELING AND SIMULATION SUPPORT FOR SYSTEM OF SYSTEMS ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Mittal, Saurabh; Portrey, Antoinette M.] Air Force Res Lab, Commun Link Simulat & Training L3, Warfighter Readiness Res Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Doyle, Margery J.] Air Force Res Lab, Commun Link Simulat & Training L3, HPW RHA Warfighter Readiness Res Div 711, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Mittal, S (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Commun Link Simulat & Training L3, Warfighter Readiness Res Div, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 66 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-1-118-50175-7; 978-1-118-46031-3 PY 2015 BP 415 EP 451 PG 37 WC Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA BD3SC UT WOS:000360112500017 ER PT B AU O'Brien, TW Sarkesain, JF AF O'Brien, Thomas W. Sarkesain, John F. BE Rainey, LB Tolk, A TI Utility: Problem-Focused, Effects-Based Analysis (aka Information Value Chain Analysis) SO MODELING AND SIMULATION SUPPORT FOR SYSTEM OF SYSTEMS ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [O'Brien, Thomas W.] US Air Force, Washington, DC USA. [Sarkesain, John F.] SIOC Grp LLC, Ashburn, VA USA. [Sarkesain, John F.] Aerosp Corp, Ashburn, VA USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-1-118-50175-7; 978-1-118-46031-3 PY 2015 BP 515 EP 529 PG 15 WC Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA BD3SC UT WOS:000360112500020 ER PT B AU Sarkesain, JF O'Brien, TW AF Sarkesain, John F. O'Brien, Thomas W. BE Rainey, LB Tolk, A TI A Framework for Achieving Dynamic Cyber Effects through Distributed Cyber Command and Control/Battle Management (C-2/BM) SO MODELING AND SIMULATION SUPPORT FOR SYSTEM OF SYSTEMS ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Sarkesain, John F.] SIOC Grp LLC, Ashburn, VA 20147 USA. [O'Brien, Thomas W.] US Air Force, Washington, DC USA. RP Sarkesain, JF (reprint author), SIOC Grp LLC, Ashburn, VA 20147 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-1-118-50175-7; 978-1-118-46031-3 PY 2015 BP 531 EP 564 PG 34 WC Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA BD3SC UT WOS:000360112500021 ER PT J AU Fuchi, K Ware, TH Buskohl, PR Reich, GW Vaia, RA White, TJ Joo, JJ AF Fuchi, Kazuko Ware, Taylor H. Buskohl, Philip R. Reich, Gregory W. Vaia, Richard A. White, Timothy J. Joo, James J. TI Topology optimization for the design of folding liquid crystal elastomer actuators SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID ORIGAMI; METAMATERIALS; NETWORKS AB Aligned liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) are capable of undergoing large reversible shape change in response to thermal stimuli and may act as actuators for many potential applications such as self-assembly and deployment of micro devices. Recent advances in LCE patterning tools have demonstrated sub-millimetre control of director orientation, enabling the preparation of materials with arbitrarily complex director fields. However, without design tools to connect the 2D director pattern with the activated 3D shape, LCE design relies on intuition and trial and error. Here we present a design methodology to generate reliable folding in monolithic LCEs designed with topology optimization. The distributions of order/disorder and director orientations are optimized so that the remotely actuated deformation closely matches a target deformation for origami folding. The optimal design exhibits a strategy to counteract the mechanical frustration that may lead to an undesirable deformation, such as anti-clastic bending. Multi-hinge networks were developed using insights from the optimal hinge designs and were demonstrated through the fabrication and reversible actuation of a self-folding box. Topology optimization provides an important step towards leveraging the opportunities afforded by LCE patterning into functional designs. C1 [Fuchi, Kazuko; Reich, Gregory W.; Joo, James J.] Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Fuchi, Kazuko] Wright State Res Inst, Beavercreek, OH 45431 USA. [Ware, Taylor H.; Buskohl, Philip R.; Vaia, Richard A.; White, Timothy J.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Ware, Taylor H.] Azimuth Corp, Beavercreek, OH 45431 USA. RP Joo, JJ (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Aerosp Syst Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM james.joo.1@us.af.mil RI Ware, Taylor/A-7130-2017 OI Ware, Taylor/0000-0001-7996-7393 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [LRIR 13RQ02COR] FX This research is supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) funding, LRIR 13RQ02COR. This work was supported in part by an allocation of computing time from the Ohio Supercomputer Center. THW and TJW would like to thank J. J. Wie for helpful discussions. NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 6 U2 23 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X EI 1744-6848 J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2015 VL 11 IS 37 BP 7288 EP 7295 DI 10.1039/c5sm01671a PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA CR7SC UT WOS:000361550000009 PM 26270868 ER PT S AU Cooper, CA Fulton, JM Homan, JJ AF Cooper, Cory A. Fulton, Joseph M. Homan, Jeremy J. BE Wade, J Cloutier, R TI A multi-spectrum framework for characterizing interdisciplinary capstone design experiences SO 2015 CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS ENGINEERING RESEARCH SE Procedia Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Systems Engineering Research CY MAR 17-19, 2015 CL Hoboken, NJ DE capstone; framework; undergraduate; characteristics; dichotomy; spectrum; systems engineering AB At the United States Air Force Academy (USAFA) and many other engineering schools, the culminating experience prior to award of a degree is a capstone design experience. The desired outcomes for such a capstone design experience are very similar across engineering programs. Each program or discipline has freedom in how they achieve these outcomes, so long as it is a deliberate and traceable approach back to the desired outcomes. This freedom allows each discipline to tailor their capstone design experiences to those appropriate to their domains. When students are developed fully within a single discipline program that also offers their capstone, the structure promotes alignment of the student, instructor, and advisor expectations. However, as students are assigned outside of their core discipline to support other capstones, misunderstanding of how their unique skills support the capstone outcomes increases. The ability to then compare capstones beyond the top-level outcomes becomes difficult. This is the case for systems engineering (SE) majors at USAFA where they are allocated to other engineering capstones. In order to trace these distributed students' capstones back to a common set of outcomes, a framework for understanding the full spectrum of their experiences is needed. This paper will review previous work in characterizing capstone experiences, present the method used to frame USAFA's capstones, and show a proposed a set of key characteristics and associated rubrics that will be used in future research. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Cooper, Cory A.; Fulton, Joseph M.; Homan, Jeremy J.] US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Cooper, CA (reprint author), US Air Force Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. EM cory.cooper@usafa.edu NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-0509 J9 PROCEDIA COMPUT SCI PY 2015 VL 44 BP 699 EP 707 DI 10.1016/j.procs.2015.03.018 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BD4JE UT WOS:000360836300070 ER PT J AU Schichtle, DR AF Schichtle, David R., Jr. TI MILITARY CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS: EXPLORING ALTERNATE FUNDING SOURCES IN TIMES OF FISCAL AUSTERITY SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Article AB This will be a tough budget year, and almost every area of government will be affected by the austere funding levels caused by Sequestration. However, this legislation prioritizes spending to protect critical programs, including infrastructure for our troops, programs for our military families, and the quality care our nation's veterans deserve.(1) C1 US Air Force, Arlington, VA 22204 USA. RP Schichtle, DR (reprint author), US Air Force, Arlington, VA 22204 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 USA SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PY 2015 VL 223 IS 2 BP 396 EP 414 PG 19 WC Law SC Government & Law GA CR1LC UT WOS:000361085300004 ER PT J AU Wang, JS Wai, CM Brown, GJ Apt, SD AF Wang, Joanna S. Wai, Chien M. Brown, Gail J. Apt, Scott D. TI Insulating oxide film formation with acid catalyzed hydrolysis of alkoxide precursors in supercritical fluid carbon dioxide SO RSC ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID SOL-GEL ROUTE; ORDERED ARRAYS; SILICA FILMS; CO2; NANOPARTICLES; NANOCOMPOSITES; NANOSTRUCTURES; DEPOSITION; WATER; SIZE AB Insulating oxide films can be produced by hydrolysis of metal alkoxide precursors in the presence of an acid catalyst in supercritical fluid carbon dioxide (sc-CO2). Using tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) as a precursor and acetic acid (HAc) as a catalyst, uniform SiO2 films can be formed on surfaces of different substrates according to the reaction Si(OCH2CH3)(4) + 2H(2)O -> SiO2 + 4CH(3)CH(2)OH. The quality of the SiO2 film is controlled by the rate of hydrolysis of TEOS which is determined by the amount of water available in the system. In our sc-CO2 reaction system, water involved in the TEOS hydrolysis is generated by the in situ esterification process CH3COOH + C2H5OH -> CH3COOC2H5 + H2O. In the absence of acetic acid, the reaction proceeds very slowly. The acid catalyzed reaction probably involves proton coordination to the oxygen atoms of TEOS molecules that facilitates the hydrolysis. The acid-catalyzed hydrolysis reaction produces dense SiO2 films instead of porous SiO2 films formed by water added hydrolysis of TEOS in sc-CO2. Formation of SiO2 films via hydrolysis in sc-CO2 is more rapid compared to the traditional hydrolysis reaction at room temperature. In general, metal alkoxide hydrolysis reactions carried out in a closed sc-CO2 system is not affected by moisture in air compared with traditional open-air hydrolysis systems. Using sc-CO2 as a reaction medium also eliminates undesirable organic solvents utilized in traditional alkoxide hydrolysis reactions. C1 [Wang, Joanna S.; Brown, Gail J.; Apt, Scott D.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Wai, Chien M.] Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Wang, JS (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Joanna.wang.ctr@us.af.mil FU Air Force TOPS IV contract program [FA8650-11-D-5800] FX This work is supported by Air Force TOPS IV contract program (FA8650-11-D-5800). We are grateful for the discussion of XPS film studies with Howard E. Smith in Air Force Research Laboratories. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 6 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2046-2069 J9 RSC ADV JI RSC Adv. PY 2015 VL 5 IS 91 BP 74753 EP 74763 DI 10.1039/c5ra09594h PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CR1WR UT WOS:000361116500073 ER PT B AU Carney, CM Key, TS AF Carney, C. M. Key, T. S. BE Kriven, WM Zhu, D IlMoon, K Hwang, T Wang, J Lewinsohn, C Zhou, Y TI COMPARISON OF THE OXIDATION PROTECTION OF HfB2 BASED ULTRA-HIGH TEMPERATURE CERAMICS BY THE ADDITION OF SiC OR MoSi2 SO DEVELOPMENTS IN STRATEGIC MATERIALS AND COMPUTATIONAL DESIGN V LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites (ICACC) CY JAN 26-31, 2014 CL Daytona Beach, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc, Engn Ceram Div, Amer Ceram Soc, Nucl & Environm Technol Div ID DIBORIDE-SILICON CARBIDE; THERMAL-EXPANSION; DEGREES-C; BEHAVIOR; HAFNIUM; COMPOSITE; ZIRCONIUM; CONVECTION; RESISTANCE; BORIDES AB Oxidation resistance tests were conducted on HfB2-SiC and HfB2-MoSi2 samples using direct electrical resistance heating at 1750, 1950 and 2490 degrees C. Analysis of the formed oxide scales showed a distinct difference between the two silicon bearing additives to HfB2. SiC formed a layered oxide scale of HfO2 and SiO2, offering oxidation protection at 1750 degrees C and a non-adherent scale at 1950 degrees C. MoSi2 promotes a mixed scale of SiO2, HfO2, and molybdenum oxides and borides at all temperatures that remained adherent to the bulk up to 2490 degrees C. Comparison and evaluation of oxide scales showed the improved adherence performance of HfB2-MoSi2 when compared to HfB2-SiC. C1 [Carney, C. M.; Key, T. S.] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Carney, C. M.; Key, T. S.] UES Inc, Dayton, OH 45432 USA. RP Carney, CM (reprint author), US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA BN 978-1-119-04029-3; 978-1-119-04028-6 PY 2015 BP 261 EP 273 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BD4ER UT WOS:000360563300024 ER PT J AU Niemtzow, RC Soh, KS Kang, KA Barker, JH Luo, HS Ohkuma, A AF Niemtzow, Richard C. Soh, Kwang-Sup Kang, Kyung A. Barker, John H. Luo, He Sheng Ohkuma, Andmoriya TI New Developments in the Primo Vascular System: Imaging and Functions with regard to Acupuncture SO EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Niemtzow, Richard C.] US Air Force, Acupuncture Ctr, Malcolm Grow Med Clin & Surg Ctr, Prince Georges Cty, MD 20762 USA. [Soh, Kwang-Sup] Seoul Natl Univ, Adv Inst Convergence Technol, Nano Primo Res Ctr, Suwon 443270, South Korea. [Kang, Kyung A.] Univ Louisville, Dept Chem Engn, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. [Barker, John H.] JW Goethe Univ Hosp, FIRM, Expt Orthoped & Trauma Surg, D-60528 Frankfurt, Germany. [Luo, He Sheng] Wuhan Univ, Renmin Hosp, Dept Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Wuhan 430060, Peoples R China. [Luo, He Sheng] Wuhan Univ, Inst Digest & Liver Dis, Wuhan 430060, Peoples R China. [Ohkuma, Andmoriya] Kinki Univ, Sakai Hosp, Dept Dermatol, Sakai, Osaka 5900132, Japan. RP Niemtzow, RC (reprint author), US Air Force, Acupuncture Ctr, Malcolm Grow Med Clin & Surg Ctr, 1050 W Perimeter Rd, Prince Georges Cty, MD 20762 USA. EM n5evmd@gmail.com NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1741-427X EI 1741-4288 J9 EVID-BASED COMPL ALT JI Evid.-based Complement Altern. Med. PY 2015 AR 142705 DI 10.1155/2015/142705 PG 2 WC Integrative & Complementary Medicine SC Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA CQ6RP UT WOS:000360731900001 ER PT J AU Kim, S Russell, M Henry, M Kim, SS Naik, RR Voevodin, AA Jang, SS Tsukruk, VV Fedorov, AG AF Kim, S. Russell, M. Henry, M. Kim, S. S. Naik, R. R. Voevodin, A. A. Jang, S. S. Tsukruk, V. V. Fedorov, A. G. TI Dynamic modulation of electronic properties of graphene by localized carbon doping using focused electron beam induced deposition SO NANOSCALE LA English DT Article AB We report on the first demonstration of controllable carbon doping of graphene to engineer local electronic properties of a graphene conduction channel using focused electron beam induced deposition (FEBID). Electrical measurements indicate that an "n-p-n" junction on graphene conduction channel is formed by partial carbon deposition near the source and drain metal contacts by low energy (<50 eV) secondary electrons due to inelastic collisions of long range backscattered primary electrons generated from a low dose of high energy (25 keV) electron beam (1 x 10(18) e(-) per cm(2)). Detailed AFM imaging provides direct evidence of the new mechanism responsible for dynamic evolution of the locally varying graphene doping. The FEBID carbon atoms, which are physisorbed and weakly bound to graphene, diffuse towards the middle of graphene conduction channel due to their surface chemical potential gradient, resulting in negative shift of Dirac voltage. Increasing a primary electron dose to 1 x 10(19) e(-) per cm(2) results in a significant increase of carbon deposition, such that it covers the entire graphene conduction channel at high surface density, leading to n-doping of graphene channel. Collectively, these findings establish a unique capability of FEBID technique to dynamically modulate the doping state of graphene, thus enabling a new route to resist-free, "direct-write" functional patterning of graphene-based electronic devices with potential for on-demand re-configurability. C1 [Kim, S.; Henry, M.; Fedorov, A. G.] Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Russell, M.; Jang, S. S.; Tsukruk, V. V.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Kim, S. S.; Naik, R. R.; Voevodin, A. A.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Fedorov, A. G.] Georgia Inst Technol, Parker H Petit Inst Bioengn & Biosci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Fedorov, AG (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM agf@gatech.edu RI Jang, Seung Soon/C-6847-2008; Kim, Songkil/R-1217-2016 OI Kim, Songkil/0000-0003-0856-9982 FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences (BES) [DE-SC0010729]; AFOSR BIONIC Center Award [FA9550-09-1-0162] FX Research primarily supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences (BES), under Award #DE-SC0010729 (FEBID experiments, test structure fabrication and electrical measurements, and data analysis). AFOSR BIONIC Center Award No. FA9550-09-1-0162 provided support for synthesis of graphene samples and Raman/AFM characterization. Technical assistance of Dr Marius Chyasnavichyus with AFM measurements and data analysis is appreciated. NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 22 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2040-3364 EI 2040-3372 J9 NANOSCALE JI Nanoscale PY 2015 VL 7 IS 36 BP 14946 EP 14952 DI 10.1039/c5nr04063a PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA CQ8BM UT WOS:000360831100018 PM 26302897 ER PT J AU Lee, KM Tondiglia, VP Lee, T Smalyukh, II White, TJ AF Lee, Kyung Min Tondiglia, Vincent P. Lee, Taewoo Smalyukh, Ivan I. White, Timothy J. TI Large range electrically-induced reflection notch tuning in polymer stabilized cholesteric liquid crystals SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID SWITCHABLE MIRRORS; LIGHT SHUTTERS; BAND; DISPLAYS; COLOR; ULTRAVIOLET; POLARIZERS; LASER; GELS AB This communication reports large magnitude (exceeding 1500 nm) and reversible reflection notch tuning in polymer stabilized cholesteric liquid crystals (PSCLCs) formulated with negative dielectric anisotropy (-Delta epsilon) hosts upon application of a direct current (DC) field. Selective and repeatable tuning ranges of 100 nm to 400 nm are demonstrated. The reflection changes are dictated by a nonlinear distortion of the pitch across the cell thickness, which is associated with electromechanical displacement of the polymer stabilizing network. The electro-optical control of the selective reflection in -Delta epsilon PSCLCs may have potential use in optics, displays, and other commercial products. C1 [Lee, Kyung Min; Tondiglia, Vincent P.; White, Timothy J.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Lee, Kyung Min] Azimuth Corp, Dayton, OH USA. [Tondiglia, Vincent P.] Leidos, Beavercreek, OH USA. [Lee, Taewoo; Smalyukh, Ivan I.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP White, TJ (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM Timothy.White.24@us.af.mil FU Materials and Manufacturing Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory FX We acknowledge funding from the Materials and Manufacturing Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory. NR 44 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 22 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2050-7526 EI 2050-7534 J9 J MATER CHEM C JI J. Mater. Chem. C PY 2015 VL 3 IS 34 BP 8788 EP 8793 DI 10.1039/c5tc01320h PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA CP8DA UT WOS:000360120400005 ER PT J AU Ruark, CD Chapleau, RR Mahle, DA Gearhart, JM AF Ruark, Christopher D. Chapleau, Richard R. Mahle, Deirdre A. Gearhart, Jeffery M. TI Organophosphorus Inhibition and Characterization of Recombinant Guinea Pig Acetylcholinesterase SO PROTEIN AND PEPTIDE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Acetylcholinesterase; guinea pig; nerve agent; organophosphorus; pesticide; recombinant ID AFFINITY-CHROMATOGRAPHY; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; IN-VITRO; REACTIVATION; PURIFICATION; COMPLEX; OXIMES; FORM AB Organophosphorus (OP) pesticides and nerve agents have been designed to inhibit the hydrolysis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine by covalently binding to the active site serine of acetylcholinesterase while Alzheimer drugs and prophylactics, such as tacrine, are characterized by reversible binding. Historically, the guinea pig has been believed to be the best non-primate model for OP toxicology and medical countermeasure development because, similarly to humans, guinea pigs have low amounts of circulating OP metabolizing carboxylesterase. To explore the hypothesis that guinea pigs are the appropriate responder species for OP toxicology and medical countermeasure development, guinea pig acetylcholinesterase (gpAChE) was cloned into pENTR/D-TOPO, recombined into pT-Rex-DEST30 and expressed in Human Embryonic Kidney 293 cells. Recombinant gpAChE was purified to a specific activity of 800 U/mg using size exclusion and immobilized nickel affinity chromatography, with purity confirmed by gel electrophoresis. Ellman's assay was used to enzymatically characterize gpAChE, identifying a K-M of 154 +/- 18.7 mol L-1 and a kcat of 4.79x10(4) +/- 5.26x10(2) /sec. Apparent gpAChE IC50's for diisopropylfluorophosphate, dicrotophos, paraoxon, and an Alzheimer's drug, tacrine, were found to be 10.1 +/- 1.98, 337 +/- 108, 1.02 +/- 0.29 and 0.30 +/- 0.01 mu mol L-1, respectively. Apparent gpAChE inhibition constants for diisopropylfluorophosphate, dicrotophos, paraoxon, and tacrine were found to be 8.40 perpendicular to 0.60, 4.50 perpendicular to 0.30, 0.29 perpendicular to 0.01 and 0.42 perpendicular to 0.07 mol L-1, respectively. Lineweaver-Burk plots confirmed tacrine as a mixed inhibitor and paraoxon, dicrotophos and diisopropylfluorophosphate as irreversible non-competitive inhibitors. gpAChE bimolecular rate constants for diisopropylfluorophosphate, dicrotophos and paraoxon were found to be 1.44 +/- 0.33x10(4), 1.56 +/- 0.12x10(3) and 4.57 +/- 0.23x10(5) L mol(-1) min(-1), respectively. Although the blood levels of OP metabolizing carboxylesterases in the guinea pig are similar to the low levels in human blood, the gpAChE is different in its enzymology. Therefore, medical countermeasures against OP intoxication should be tested for efficacy with the recombinant form of gpAChE prior to initiating animal studies. C1 [Ruark, Christopher D.; Chapleau, Richard R.; Gearhart, Jeffery M.] Henry M Jackson Fdn Adv Mil Med, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Ruark, Christopher D.; Gearhart, Jeffery M.] Wright State Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Ruark, Christopher D.; Chapleau, Richard R.; Mahle, Deirdre A.; Gearhart, Jeffery M.] Air Force Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Bioeffects Div, Mol Bioeffects Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Gearhart, JM (reprint author), Henry M Jackson Fdn Adv Mil Med, 2729 R St,Bldg 837, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM jeffery.gearhart.ctr@us.af.mil OI Ruark, Christopher/0000-0003-1032-5696 FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency-Joint Science and Technology Office, Basic and Supporting Sciences Division; Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine; US Air Force FX Funding for this work was provided by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency-Joint Science and Technology Office, Basic and Supporting Sciences Division to JMG (CBM.Neuro.THR3) and through a Cooperative Research Agreement between the Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine and the US Air Force. The authors declare no competing conflicts of interest. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 11 PU BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD PI SHARJAH PA EXECUTIVE STE Y-2, PO BOX 7917, SAIF ZONE, 1200 BR SHARJAH, U ARAB EMIRATES SN 0929-8665 EI 1875-5305 J9 PROTEIN PEPTIDE LETT JI Protein Pept. Lett. PY 2015 VL 22 IS 10 BP 862 EP 868 DI 10.2174/0929866522666150728114754 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA CQ1RH UT WOS:000360375800001 PM 26216268 ER PT S AU MacDougall, AE Bagdasarov, Z Johnson, JF Mumford, MD AF MacDougall, Alexandra E. Bagdasarov, Zhanna Johnson, James F. Mumford, Michael D. BE Buckley, MR Wheeler, AR Halbesleben, JRB TI MANAGING WORKPLACE ETHICS: AN EXTENDED CONCEPTUALIZATION OF ETHICAL SENSEMAKING AND THE FACILITATIVE ROLE OF HUMAN RESOURCES SO RESEARCH IN PERSONNEL AND HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SE Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Business ethics; ethical decision making; ethical sensemaking; ethics institutionalization; ethics management; ethics interventions ID CORPORATE SOCIAL PERFORMANCE; GOAL-DIRECTED EMOTIONS; DECISION-MAKING; BUSINESS ETHICS; FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE; PERSONNEL-SELECTION; RESEARCH INTEGRITY; STAKEHOLDER THEORY; JOB-PERFORMANCE; MORAL JUDGMENT AB Business ethics provide a potent source of competitive advantage, placing increasing pressure on organizations to create and maintain an ethical workforce. Nonetheless, ethical breaches continue to permeate corporate life, suggesting that there is something missing from how we conceptualize and institutionalize organizational ethics. The current effort seeks to fill this void in two ways. First, we introduce an extended ethical framework premised on sensemaking in organizations. Within this framework, we suggest that multiple individual, organizational, and societal factors may differentially influence the ethical sensemaking process. Second, we contend that human resource management plays a central role in sustaining workplace ethics and explore the strategies through which human resource personnel can work to foster an ethical culture and spearhead ethics initiatives. Future research directions applicable to scholars in both the ethics and human resources domains are provided. C1 [MacDougall, Alexandra E.] Cent Michigan Univ, Coll Business Adm, Dept Management, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. [Bagdasarov, Zhanna] Calif State Univ Fresno, Craig Sch Business, Dept Management, Fresno, CA 93740 USA. [Johnson, James F.] US Air Force, Strateg Res & Assessment Branch, Air Force Personnel Ctr, Jbsa Randolph, TX USA. [Mumford, Michael D.] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Psychol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP MacDougall, AE (reprint author), Cent Michigan Univ, Coll Business Adm, Dept Management, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. NR 206 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LTD PI BINGLEY PA HOWARD HOUSE, WAGON LANE, BINGLEY, W YORKSHIRE BD16 1WA, ENGLAND SN 0742-7301 BN 978-1-78560-016-6; 978-1-78560-017-3 J9 RES PERS H PY 2015 VL 33 BP 121 EP 189 DI 10.1108/S0742-730120150000033006 PG 69 WC Management SC Business & Economics GA BD1DU UT WOS:000357951000003 ER EF