FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Shih, TM McDonough, JH Koplovitz, I AF Shih, TM McDonough, JH Koplovitz, I TI Anticonvulsants for soman-induced seizure activity SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE organophosphorus compounds; nerve agents; soman; convulsions; seizures; EEG activity; anticonvulsants; anti-epileptic drugs; anticholinergic drugs; benzodiazepines; NMDA antagonists ID CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITOR SOMAN; ANTICHOLINERGIC DRUGS; INDUCED NEUROPATHOLOGY; RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS; NERVE AGENTS; GUINEA-PIGS; DIAZEPAM; BRAIN; EFFICACY; PROTECTION AB This report describes studies of anticonvulsants for the organophosphorus (OP) nerve agent soman: a basic research effort to understand how different pharmacological classes of com pounds influence the expression of seizure produced by soman in rats, and a drug screening effort to determine whether clinically useful antiepileptics can modulate soman-induced seizures in rats. Electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings were used in these studies. Basic studies were conducted in rats pretreated with HI-6 and challenged with 1.6 x LD50 soman. Antimuscarinic compounds were extremely effective in blocking (pretreatment) or terminating soman seizures when given 5 min after seizure onset. However, significantly higher doses were required when treatment was delayed for more than 10 min, and some antimuscarinic compounds lost anticonvulsant efficacy when treatment was delayed for more than 40 min. Diazepam blocked seizure onset, yet seizures could recur after an initial period of anticonvulsant effect at doses less than or equal to 2.5 mg/kg. Diazepam could terminate ongoing seizures when given 5 min after seizure onset, but doses up to 20 mg/kg were ineffective when treatment was delayed for 40 min. The GABA uptake inhibitor, tiagabine, was ineffective in blocking or terminating soman motor convulsions or seizures. The glutamate receptor antagonists, NBQX, GYKI 52466, and memantine, had weak or minimal antiseizure activity, even at doses that virtually eliminated signs of motor convulsions. The antinicotinic, mecamylamine, was ineffective in blocking or stopping seizure activity. Pretreatment with a narrow range of doses of alpha(2)-adrenergic agonist, clonidine, produced variable protection (40-60%) against seizure onset; treatment after seizure onset with clonidine was not effective. Screening studies in rats, using HI-6 pretreatment, showed that benzodiazepines (diazepam, midazolam and lorazepam) were quite effective when given 5 min after seizure onset, but lost their efficacy when given 40 min after onset. The barbiturate, pentobarbital, was modestly effective in terminating seizures when given 5 or 40 min after seizure onset, while other clinically effective antiepileptic drugs, trimethadione and valproic acid, were only slightly effective when given 5 min after onset. In contrast, phenytoin, carbamazepine, ethosuximide, magnesium sulfate, lamotrigine, primidone, felbamate, acetazolamide, and ketamine were ineffective. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Pharmacol, ATTN MCMR UV PN, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Drug Assessment Div, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Shih, TM (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Pharmacol, ATTN MCMR UV PN, 3100 Ricketts Point Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 52 TC 97 Z9 101 U1 0 U2 3 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1021-7770 J9 J BIOMED SCI JI J. Biomed. Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 6 IS 2 BP 86 EP 96 DI 10.1007/BF02256439 PG 11 WC Cell Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Cell Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 179HJ UT WOS:000079320500003 PM 10087439 ER PT J AU Hodson, TJ Englander, F Englander, V AF Hodson, TJ Englander, F Englander, V TI Ethical, legal and economic aspects of employer monitoring of employee electronic mail SO JOURNAL OF BUSINESS ETHICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Annual International Conference Promoting Business Ethics CY OCT 30-NOV 01, 1997 CL GARDEN CITY, NEW YORK SP DePaul Univ, Niagara Univ, St Johns Univ AB This paper examines ethical, legal and economic dimensions of the decision facing employers regarding whether it is appropriate to monitor the electronic mail (e-mail) communications of its employees. We review the question of whether such monitoring is lawful. Recent e-mail monitoring cases are viewed as a progression from cases involving more established technologies (i.e., phone calls, internal memoranda, fares and voice mail). The central focus of the paper is on the extent to which employer monitoring of employee e-mail presents a structure of costs and benefits to the employer which are unlikely to make such a practice profitable or practical to the employer. The practice of employer monitoring to detect illicit employee behavior (e.g., fraud, harassment of fellow employees, industrial espionage) is considered. It is argued that not only does such monitoring behavior fall short of the standard imposed by Kant's categorical imperative for ethical behavior, monitoring also fails to meet Aristotle's ethical standard of practical wisdom. Other ethical aspects of employer monitoring are considered. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Washington, DC 20310 USA. Fairleigh Dickinson Univ, Dept Econ, Madison, NJ 07666 USA. St Johns Univ, Dept Econ, Staten Isl, NY 10301 USA. RP Hodson, TJ (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Washington, DC 20310 USA. EM thodson784@aol.com; fredenglander@erols.com; englandv@stjohns.edu NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4544 J9 J BUS ETHICS JI J. Bus. Ethics PD MAR PY 1999 VL 19 IS 1 BP 99 EP 108 DI 10.1023/A:1006110324652 PG 10 WC Business; Ethics SC Business & Economics; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 179LH UT WOS:000079328400010 ER PT J AU Chanbancherd, P Brown, AE Trichavaroj, R Tienamporn, P Puthakird, P Limpairojn, N VanCott, TC De Souza, MS AF Chanbancherd, P Brown, AE Trichavaroj, R Tienamporn, P Puthakird, P Limpairojn, N VanCott, TC De Souza, MS TI Application of dried blood spot specimens for serologic subtyping of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in Thailand SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HIV TYPE-1; ANTIBODIES AB Dried blood spot (DBS) specimens were assessed as an alternative to plasma for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) serotyping by V3 loop peptide enzyme immunoassay. Nested PCR capable of distinguishing HIV-1 subtypes B and E was used as the reference standard. Ninety-two percent of DBS samples were typeable as either HIV-1 subtype B or E. Serotype results with DBS and plasm;! were identical for 254 of 257 specimens. A simple DBS collection method provides a convenient alternative for conducting HIV-1 serotype pe surveillance while retaining sensitivity and specificity. C1 Henry M Jackson Fdn Advancement Mil Med, AFRIMS, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Armed Inst Pathol, Bangkok, Thailand. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Henry M Jackson Fdn Advancement Mil Med, Rockville, MD USA. RP De Souza, MS (reprint author), Henry M Jackson Fdn Advancement Mil Med, AFRIMS, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. NR 13 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 37 IS 3 BP 804 EP 806 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 166MC UT WOS:000078579500062 PM 9986860 ER PT J AU Byrd, JC Waselenko, JK Maneatis, TJ Murphy, T Ward, FT Monahan, BP Sipe, MA Donegan, S White, CA AF Byrd, JC Waselenko, JK Maneatis, TJ Murphy, T Ward, FT Monahan, BP Sipe, MA Donegan, S White, CA TI Rituximab therapy in hematologic malignancy patients with circulating blood tumor cells: Association with increased infusion-related side effects and rapid blood tumor clearance SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NON-HODGKINS-LYMPHOMA; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; CYTOKINE-RELEASE; LYSIS SYNDROME AB Purpose: Rituximab was recently approved for use in relapsed, low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; how ever, few data exist regarding the safety of this agent in patients with a high number of tumor cells in the blood. Methods and Results: After the observation at our institution of a rapid reduction of peripheral-blood tumor cells with associated severe pulmonary infusion-related toxicity in two patients with refractory hematologic malignancies, data on three additional cases were collected from physician-submitted reports of adverse events related to rituximab treatment. five patients with hematologic malignancies possessing a high number of blood tumor cells were treated with rituximab and developed rapid tumor clearance, The median age was 68 years (range, 26 to 78 years). Patients were diagnosed with B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (n = 2), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (n = 2), or transformed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (n = 1), All of these patients had bulky adenopathy or organomegaly. All five patients developed a unique syndrome of severe infusion-related reactions, thrombocytopenia, rapid decrement in circulating tumor cell load, and mild electrolyte evidence of tumor lysis, and all required hospitalization. in addition, one patient developed ascites, These events resolved, and four patients were subsequently treated with rituximab without significant complications, Conclusion: Rituximab administration in patients who have a high number of tumor cells in the brood may have an increased likelihood of severe initial infusion-related reactions, These data also suggest that rituximab may have activity in a variety of other lymphoid neoplasms, such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia and B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia. (C) 1999 by American Society of Clinical Oncology. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Clin Res Hematol Oncol Serv, Div Hematol Oncol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Johns Hopkins Oncol Ctr, Div Hematol Malignancies, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Genentech Inc, S San Francisco, CA 94080 USA. Natl Naval Med Ctr, Div Hematol & Oncol, Bethesda, MD USA. Idec Pharmaceut Corp, San Diego, CA USA. RP Byrd, JC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Clin Res Hematol Oncol Serv, Div Hematol Oncol, Ward 78,6900 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 12 TC 160 Z9 162 U1 1 U2 4 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0732-183X J9 J CLIN ONCOL JI J. Clin. Oncol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 17 IS 3 BP 791 EP 795 PG 5 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 173GM UT WOS:000078972800009 PM 10071268 ER PT J AU Walton, TL AF Walton, TL TI Shoreline rhythmic pattern analysis SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE barriers; beaches; beach erosion; morphodynamics; sand waves; sediment transport ID SAND AB A short review of rhythmic shoreline features is discussed and shoreline planform advance and recession rates for a coastal segment of Florida are investigated. Time series analysis techniques that include parametric spectra, autocorrelation, and cross correlation are utilized to identify low frequency rhythmic patterns in the shoreline. Nonstationarity and phase shifting of rhythmic patterns is identified via comparison of the shoreline changes for different time intervals. Probability density functions of the shoreline change rates are also investigated and found to be in reasonable accord with Gaussian filtered noise. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, USAE Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Walton, TL (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, USAE Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD SPR PY 1999 VL 15 IS 2 BP 379 EP 387 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 183RP UT WOS:000079567500008 ER PT J AU Janoo, VC Firicano, AJ Barna, LA Orchino, SA AF Janoo, VC Firicano, AJ Barna, LA Orchino, SA TI Field testing of stabilized soil SO JOURNAL OF COLD REGIONS ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB Remediation of a Superfund site in Stratford, Conn., involved stabilization of the subgrade with portland cement. Part of the remediation site was to be used as a parking area. The stabilized soil was to be covered with natural base/subbase course materials and capped with an asphalt concrete cover. During the course of the remediation, a base-course layer could not be placed prior to the onset of winter. A field study was conducted to quantify any changes in the mechanical properties of the open stabilized subgrade subjected to freeze-thaw cycling during the winter of 1996-97. Field evaluation was conducted with pavement industry tools: the Clegg impact hammer and the dynamic cone penetrometer. Evaluation results show the viability of the Clegg hammer as an instrument for quality assurance and also show that there can be up to 50% loss in compressive strength of the subgrade within the uppermost layer of the material caused by freeze-thaw cycling. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Corps Engineers, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Waltham, MA 02254 USA. RP Janoo, VC (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Corps Engineers, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA SN 0887-381X J9 J COLD REG ENG JI J. Cold Reg. Eng. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 13 IS 1 BP 37 EP 53 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0887-381X(1999)13:1(37) PG 17 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 190PU UT WOS:000079973600003 ER PT J AU Earls, CJ Galambos, TV AF Earls, CJ Galambos, TV TI Design recommendations for equal leg single angle flexural members (vol 43, pg 65, 1997) SO JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTIONAL STEEL RESEARCH LA English DT Correction C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Civil Engn & Mech, W Point, NY 10996 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Civil Engn, Minneapolis, MN USA. RP Earls, CJ (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Civil Engn & Mech, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-974X J9 J CONSTR STEEL RES JI J. Constr. Steel. Res. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 49 IS 3 BP 317 EP 319 PG 3 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 161LQ UT WOS:000078290800008 ER PT J AU Rojo, JC Derby, JJ AF Rojo, JC Derby, JJ TI On the formation of rotational spoke patterns during the Czochralski growth of bismuth silicon oxide SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Crystal Growth, held in Conjunction with the 10th International Conference on Vapor Growth and Epitaxy (ICCG-12/ICVGE-10) CY JUL 26-31, 1998 CL JERUSALEM, ISRAEL DE bismuth silicon oxide; spoke patterns; finite element method ID GADOLINIUM GALLIUM GARNET; INCOMPRESSIBLE FLOWS; FLUID-FLOW; MELT FLOW; INTERFACE; CRYSTALS; TRANSITIONS; SIMULATION; IMPURITIES; ATMOSPHERE AB High-resolution calculations are performed using a parallel finite element method to simulate combined rotational and buoyant flows of molten bismuth silicon oxide during Czochralski crystal growth. For the first time, spoke patterns are predicted along the surface of the melt at high crystal rotation rates. These patterns correspond to radially aligned roll cells confined to a thin layer near the melt surface. They arise from a modified Rayleigh instability within a destabilizing thermal boundary layer caused by crystal relation and centrifugal pumping. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Minnesota, Army HPC Res Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Derby, JJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, 151 Amundson Hall,421 Washington Ave, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM derby@tc.umn.edu RI Derby, Jeffrey/B-9706-2009; OI Derby, Jeffrey/0000-0001-6418-2155 NR 32 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD MAR PY 1999 VL 198 BP 154 EP 160 PN 1 PG 7 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 187ZM UT WOS:000079819000029 ER PT J AU Kenner, JR Aronson, NE Bratthauer, GL Turnicky, RP Jackson, JE Tang, DB Sau, P AF Kenner, JR Aronson, NE Bratthauer, GL Turnicky, RP Jackson, JE Tang, DB Sau, P TI Immunohistochemistry to identify Leishmania parasites in fixed tissues SO JOURNAL OF CUTANEOUS PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MUCOCUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; AMASTIGOTES; DIAGNOSIS AB The definitive diagnosis of leishmaniasis currently depends on the identification of characteristic amastigote morphology in tissue, or isolation of promastigotes by culture. Histopathological identification can be difficult and is variably sensitive; culture is considered "the gold standard", but is not uniformly diagnostic or available. In this study, we compared light microscopic immunohistochemistry (IHC) using a monoclonal anti-Leishmania antibody (G2D10) to standard hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain in the diagnosis of Leishmania on skin. Sixty-one archived specimens from patients suspected of being infected with Leishmania were used; 41 of these had leishmaniasis confirmed by culture. Although not statistically significant, both sensitivity and specificity were higher for IHC compared to H&E: 51% (95% CI: 35-67%) compared to 42% (CI: 26-58%; 2p = 0.29) for sensitivity and 100% (CI: 83-100%) compared to 85% (CI: 62-97%, 2p = 0.25) for specificity, respectively. Furthermore, because organisms could bd diagnosed by IHC at low power (x20-40), this assay was more rapid than H&E, in which parasite morphology could best be identified at oil immersion power. The G2D10 antibody has broad Leishmania species recognition, and offers promise as a simple, rapid diagnostic screen for leishmaniasis. Further study is underway to better characterize this antibody. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Serv Dermatol, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Div Immunopathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. Holy Cross Hosp, Dept Pathol, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Kenner, JR (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Serv Dermatol, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 23 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0303-6987 J9 J CUTAN PATHOL JI J. Cutan. Pathol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 26 IS 3 BP 130 EP 136 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0560.1999.tb01817.x PG 7 WC Dermatology; Pathology SC Dermatology; Pathology GA 186JA UT WOS:000079724100004 PM 10235378 ER PT J AU Iliadis, AA Andronescu, SN Yang, W Vispute, RD Stanishevsky, A Orloff, JH Sharma, RP Venkatesan, T Wood, MC Jones, KA AF Iliadis, AA Andronescu, SN Yang, W Vispute, RD Stanishevsky, A Orloff, JH Sharma, RP Venkatesan, T Wood, MC Jones, KA TI Pt and W ohmic contacts to p-6H-SiC by focused ion beam direct-write deposition SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 40th Electronic Materials Conference (EMC-40) CY JUN 24-26, 1998 CL UNIV VIRGINIA, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VIRGINIA SP TMS HO UNIV VIRGINIA DE focused ion beam (FIB); ohmic; p-6H-SiC; surface modification ID SILICON-CARBIDE; BARRIER HEIGHT; REDUCTION AB Low resistance Pt and W ohmic metallizations to p-type 6H-SiC, using focused ion beam (FIB) surface-modification and in-situ direct-write metal deposition without annealing, are reported. FIB(Ga) surface-modification and in-situ deposition of Pt, and W showed minimum contact resistance values of 2.8 x 10(-4) ohm-cm(2) to 2.5 x 10(-4) ohm-cm(2), respectively A comparison with ex-situ pulse laser deposited Pt on surface-modified areas showed comparable cent-act resistance values and similar behavior. Auger and secondary ion mass spectroscopy analysis showed a significant (similar to 4% a.c.) incorporation of Ga within a 15 nm distance from the SiC surface with surface-modification. Atomic force microscopy studies showed that surface-modification process smooths out the SiC surface significantly. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Elect Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Ctr Superconduct, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Iliadis, AA (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Elect Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Venkatesan, Thirumalai/E-1667-2013 NR 17 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 28 IS 3 BP 136 EP 140 DI 10.1007/s11664-999-0002-5 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 177ZB UT WOS:000079240000002 ER PT J AU Vispute, RD Choopun, S Enck, R Patel, A Talyansky, V Sharma, RP Venkatesan, T Sarney, WL Salamanca-Riba, L Andronescu, SN Iliadis, AA Jones, KA AF Vispute, RD Choopun, S Enck, R Patel, A Talyansky, V Sharma, RP Venkatesan, T Sarney, WL Salamanca-Riba, L Andronescu, SN Iliadis, AA Jones, KA TI Pulsed laser deposition and processing of wide band gap semiconductors and related materials SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 40th Electronic Materials Conference (EMC-40) CY JUN 24-26, 1998 CL UNIV VIRGINIA, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VIRGINIA SP TMS HO UNIV VIRGINIA DE AlN; deposition epitaxy; GaN; pulsed-laser ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; CHEMICAL VAPOR-DEPOSITION; ATOMIC LAYER EPITAXY; SINGLE-CRYSTAL GAN; III-V NITRIDES; GALLIUM NITRIDE; GROWTH-KINETICS; BUFFER LAYERS; PHASE EPITAXY; THIN-FILMS AB The present work describes the novel, relatively simple, and efficient technique of pulsed laser deposition for rapid prototyping of thin films and multi-layer heterostructures of wide band gap semiconductors and related materials. In this method, a KrF pulsed excimer laser is used for ablation of polycrystalline, stoichiometric targets of wide band gap materials. Upon laser absorption by the target surface, a strong plasma plume is produced which then condenses onto the substrate, kept at a suitable distance from the target surface. We have optimized the processing parameters such as laser fluence, substrate temperature, background gas pressure, target to substrate distance, and pulse repetition rate for the growth of high quality crystalline thin films and heterostructures. The films have been characterized by x-ray diffraction, Rutherford backscattering and ion channeling spectrometry, high resolution transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, ultraviolet (UV)-visible spectroscopy, cathodoluminescence, and electrical transport measurements. We show that high quality AIN and GaN thin films can be grown by pulsed laser deposition at relatively lower substrate temperatures (750-800 degrees C) than those employed in metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), (1000-1100 degrees C), an alternative growth method. The pulsed laser deposited GaN films (similar to 0.5 mu m thick), grown on AlN buffered sapphire (0001), shows an x-ray diffraction rocking curve full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 5-7 are-min. The ion channeling minimum yield in the surface region for AIN and GaN is similar to 3%, indicating a high degree of crystallinity. The optical band gap for AIN and GaN is found to be 6.2 and 3.4 eV, respectively. These epitaxial films are shiny, and the surface root mean square roughness is similar to 5-15 nm. The electrical resistivity of the GaN films is in the range of 10(-2)-10(2) Omega-cm with a mobility in excess of 80 cm(2)V(-1)s(-1) and a carrier concentration of 10(17)-10(19) cm(-3), depending upon the buffer layers and growth conditions. We have also demonstrated the application of the pulsed laser deposition technique for integration of technologically important materials with the III-V nitrides. The examples include pulsed laser deposition of ZnO/GaN heterostructures for UV-blue lasers and epitaxial growth of TiN on GaN and SiC for low resistance ohmic contact metallization. Employing the pulsed laser, we also demonstrate a dry etching process for GaN and AlN films. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, CSR, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat & Nucl Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Elect Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USA, AMSRL, Res Lab, PS,DS, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Vispute, RD (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, CSR, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Salamanca-Riba, Lourdes/B-3785-2009; Venkatesan, Thirumalai/E-1667-2013; OI Salamanca-Riba, Lourdes/0000-0001-8155-6403; Choopun, Supab/0000-0001-8518-9014 NR 52 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 19 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 28 IS 3 BP 275 EP 286 DI 10.1007/s11664-999-0027-9 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 177ZB UT WOS:000079240000027 ER PT J AU Zimmerman, EB Hegab, H Colwell, GT AF Zimmerman, EB Hegab, H Colwell, GT TI Overheating and frequent thermal cycling of outdoor electronic cabinets in cold climates SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC PACKAGING LA English DT Article AB Telephone companies use electronics to route calls between customers. The electronics are generally closely packed together and placed in steel containers outdoors. Forced air convection utilizing the outside ambient air is an effective means to cool outdoor electronic cabinets and is generally the system of choice given the relatively low cost and simplicity when compared to alternative cooling methods. Simple axial flow fans are typically turned on and off by a thermostat located inside the cabinet to keep the inside air temperature below a predetermined maximum This simple cooling system is usually effective during summer operations. However, it may result in overheating and excessive thermal cycling in,winter operations. Transient temperature data from experiments an a telecommunications cabinet is presented illustrating this problem. One possible solution to this problem is using continuously operating fans at low flow rates. This solution was arrived at through a combination of experimental testing and numerical simulation. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Civil & Mech Engn, West Point, NY 10996 USA. Louisiana Tech Univ, Mech Engn Program, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Zimmerman, EB (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Civil & Mech Engn, West Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 1043-7398 J9 J ELECTRON PACKAGING JI J. Electron. Packag. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 121 IS 1 BP 50 EP 54 DI 10.1115/1.2792661 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 176RY UT WOS:000079166600009 ER PT J AU Ashby, SL Myers, JL Laney, E Honnell, D Owens, C AF Ashby, SL Myers, JL Laney, E Honnell, D Owens, C TI The effects of hydropower releases from Lake Texoma on downstream water quality SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RIVER; COMMUNITIES; EPILITHON; MONTANA; USA AB Impacts of peaking generation on water quality in the tailwater of lake Texoma, on the Texas and Oklahoma border, were evaluated during summer stratification in the lake. Sampling was conducted before, during, and after a daily generation cycle with measurements of temperature, dissolved oxygen, iron, manganese, and turbidity. Temperatures were near 25 degrees C during generation, fluctuated 3-4 degrees C during nongeneration, and increased in a downstream direction to near 28 degrees C. Dissolved oxygen concentrations were between 4 and 6 mg L-1 during generation and increased in a downstream direction. During nongeneration, concentrations in the upstream region of the tailwater were near 2 mg L-1 but were between 4 and 10 mg L-1 in the rest of the study area. Maximum concentrations, 6 to 10 mg L-1, were observed prior to the hydrograph peak at each station, suggesting leading edge effects of increased flow and aeration as substrate was covered during river stage increases. Concentrations of metals increased in a downstream direction coincident with turbidity increases from near 3 to 25 NTUs, suggesting resuspension and possibly flocculation. Dissimilar patterns were observed for nongeneration when concentrations decreased in a downstream direction while turbidity was relatively constant and lower than generation values, suggesting settling with decreased flow. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Waterways Expt Stn, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. USA Engineer Dist, Tulsa, OK 74128 USA. AsCl Corp, Lewisville Aquat Ecosyst Res Facil, Lewisville, TX 75056 USA. RP Ashby, SL (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Waterways Expt Stn, Environm Lab, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 7 PU OIKOS PUBL INC PI LA CROSSE PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 USA SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 14 IS 1 BP 103 EP 112 DI 10.1080/02705060.1999.9663659 PG 10 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 174AZ UT WOS:000079013100010 ER PT J AU Dunbar, SW Sheahan, TC AF Dunbar, SW Sheahan, TC TI Seepage control remediation at Hodges Village Dam, Oxford, Massachusetts SO JOURNAL OF GEOTECHNICAL AND GEOENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB This paper presents a case study on embankment dam seepage problems encountered at one site over the last 30 years and various remediation efforts. The Hedges Village Dam in Oxford, Mass. is part of an extensive flood control network built and operated by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers in the Thames River basin of Massachusetts and Connecticut. The dam consists of a relatively homogeneous and pervious sand and gravel embankment on stratified glacial outwash sands, gravels, and cobbles. Because it was designed primarily as a run-of-the-river, hood control facility with no anticipated long-term pool storage, no significant seepage control measures were ever constructed for the dam. This paper describes a series of seepage events that have occurred at the dam starting in 1968 and continuing to 1993. Remediation efforts after each of the events are described as are their effects on dam performance. The paper concludes that the past seepage problems at the dam were caused by assumptions made about foundation soil conditions prior to dam construction, problematic drains and relief wells that resulted in significant head buildups in their respective zones of influence, and insufficient subsurface information prior to design and construction. Investigation and analyses of the dam conducted after the 1993 event are presented, and plans are described for a seepage control remediation project currently under construction. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Concord, MA 01742 USA. Northeastern Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Dunbar, SW (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, New England Dist, Concord, MA 01742 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA SN 1090-0241 J9 J GEOTECH GEOENVIRON JI J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 125 IS 3 BP 198 EP 206 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(1999)125:3(198) PG 9 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 170LA UT WOS:000078806100004 ER PT J AU Perry, MJ AF Perry, MJ TI Animated simulation: A valuable decision support tool for practice improvement - Response SO JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USA, Dent Command, Houston, TX USA. RP Perry, MJ (reprint author), USA, Dent Command, Houston, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL HEALTHCARE EXEC HEALTH ADMINISTRATION PRESS PI CHICAGO PA ONE NORTH FRANKLIN ST SUITE 1700, CHICAGO, IL 60606 USA SN 1096-9012 J9 J HEALTHC MANAG JI J. Healthc. Manag. PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 44 IS 2 BP 101 EP 102 PG 2 WC Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 173RN UT WOS:000078993700006 ER PT J AU Kraus, NC Militello, A AF Kraus, NC Militello, A TI Hydraulic study of multiple inlet system: East Matagorda Bay, Texas SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID TIDAL INLETS; STABILITY AB The hydrodynamic feasibility of a proposed third inlet to East Matagorda Bay, Texas, was examined by application of a two-dimensional, depth-averaged hydrodynamic model. Wind-driven flows in this remote, shallow bay frequently dominate the weak astronomical tide. The bay presently has two connections to the Gulf of Mexico, one through a short flood-relief channel and the other through a long and circuitous navigation channel. The study had to consider whether installation of a third inlet would cause the relief channel to close or increase the already strong current velocity in the navigation channel that is a concern for boating safety. The model was calibrated with measurements of wind, water level, and current taken in this study. It is concluded that the new inlet will be ebb-dominated because of the wind-induced current, and that the relief channel will not close in the presence of the new inlet. In addition, the peak current at a critical maneuvering area in the navigation channel that presently poses a hazard to vessel traffic will be reduced by as much as 25% as a result of opening the new inlet. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coast & Hydr Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Kraus, NC (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coast & Hydr Lab, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 28 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 5 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD MAR PY 1999 VL 125 IS 3 BP 224 EP 232 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1999)125:3(224) PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 166LC UT WOS:000078577000002 ER PT J AU Govindaraju, RS Ramireddygari, SR Shrestha, PL Roig, LC AF Govindaraju, RS Ramireddygari, SR Shrestha, PL Roig, LC TI Continuum bed model for estuarine sediments based on nonlinear consolidation theory SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article AB The goal of this note is to examine a continuum theory that describes the evolution of sediment beds when subjected to time-dependent shearing forces resulting from surface water movement. The bed was conceptualized as a medium with continuously varying properties such as shear strength and void ratio. The nonlinear equation describing finite strain consolidation, and the complicated nature of the shearing forces acting on top of the bed, preclude the possibility of analytical solutions. Ramifications of linearizing the governing flow equations were explicitly evaluated for applications in bed modeling. Numerical solutions were obtained for the linear and nonlinear models under transient boundary conditions. Model results indicated that the linear model typically predicts lower void ratios, and consequently underestimates the amounts of sediment eroded from the bed as compared to the nonlinear model. C1 Purdue Univ, Sch Civil Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Hydroqual Inc, Mahwah, NJ 07430 USA. USA, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Govindaraju, RS (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Civil Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. OI Govindaraju, Rao/0000-0003-3957-3319 NR 14 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD MAR PY 1999 VL 125 IS 3 BP 300 EP 304 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1999)125:3(300) PG 5 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 166LC UT WOS:000078577000011 ER PT J AU Markowitz, M Vesanen, M Tenner-Racz, K Cao, YZ Binley, JM Talal, A Hurley, A Ji, X Chaudhry, MR Yaman, M Frankel, S Heath-Chiozzi, M Leonard, JM Moore, JP Racz, P Nixon, DF Ho, DD AF Markowitz, M Vesanen, M Tenner-Racz, K Cao, YZ Binley, JM Talal, A Hurley, A Ji, X Chaudhry, MR Yaman, M Frankel, S Heath-Chiozzi, M Leonard, JM Moore, JP Racz, P Nixon, DF Ho, DD TI The effect of commencing combination antiretroviral therapy soon after human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection on viral replication and antiviral immune responses SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections CY JAN 22-31, 1997 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. ID PRIMARY HIV-INFECTION; T-CELL RESPONSES; CUBIC MILLIMETER; MESSENGER-RNA; PLASMA; VIREMIA; QUANTITATION; AIDS; LATENT; LOAD AB Twelve subjects were treated with zidovudine, lamivudine, and ritonavir within 90 days of onset of symptoms of acute infection to determine whether human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection could be eradicated from an infected host. In adherent subjects, with or without modifications due to intolerance, viral replication was suppressed during the 24-month treatment period. Durable suppression reduced levels of HIV-1-specific antibodies and cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses in selected subjects. Proviral DNA in mononuclear cells uniformly persisted. The persistence of HIV-1 RNA expression in lymphoid tissues and peripheral blood mononuclear cells suggests that elimination of this residual pool of virus should be achieved before considering adjustments in antiretroviral therapeutic regimens. In addition, given the reduction in levels of virus-specific immune responses, it would seem prudent to consider enhancing these responses using vaccine strategies prior to the withdrawal of antiviral therapy. C1 Rockefeller Univ, Aaron Diamond AIDS Res Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USA. Bernhard Nocht Inst Trop Med, Hamburg, Germany. Abbott Labs, Abbott Pk, IL 60064 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Retrovirol, Rockville, MD USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Infect & Parasit Dis Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. RP Markowitz, M (reprint author), Rockefeller Univ, Aaron Diamond AIDS Res Ctr, 455 1st Ave, New York, NY 10016 USA. OI Nixon, Douglas/0000-0002-2801-1786 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR-00102]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI-40387, AI-41534] NR 44 TC 122 Z9 124 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 179 IS 3 BP 527 EP 537 DI 10.1086/314628 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 183RF UT WOS:000079566700001 PM 9952358 ER PT J AU Burns, AR Bowden, RA Abe, Y Walker, DC Simon, SI Entman, ML Smith, CW AF Burns, AR Bowden, RA Abe, Y Walker, DC Simon, SI Entman, ML Smith, CW TI P-selectin mediates neutrophil adhesion to endothelial cell borders SO JOURNAL OF LEUKOCYTE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Leukocyte-Biology on Molecular Mechanisms of Leukocyte Signal Transduction CY AUG 22-25, 1998 CL UNIV CA SAN DIEGO, LA JOLLA, CALIFORNIA SP Soc Leukocyte Biol HO UNIV CA SAN DIEGO DE histamine; leukocytes; inflammation; adhesion molecules ID GRANULE MEMBRANE-PROTEIN; WEIBEL-PALADE BODIES; TRANSENDOTHELIAL MIGRATION; VONWILLEBRAND-FACTOR; GMP-140; FLOW; HISTAMINE; SURFACE; SECRETION; ADHERENCE AB During an acute inflammatory response, endothelial P-selectin (CD62P) can mediate the initial capture of neutrophils from the free flowing bloodstream. P-selectin is stored in secretory granules (Weibel-Palade bodies) amid is rapidly expressed on the endothelial surface after stimulation with histamine or thrombin. Because neutrophil transmigration occurs preferentially at endothelial borders, we wished to determine whether P-selectin-dependent neutrophil capture (adhesion) occurs at endothelial cell borders. Under static or hydrodynamic now (2 dyn/cm(2)) conditions,, histamine (10(-4) M) or thrombin (0.2 U/mL) treatment induced preferential (greater than or equal to 75%) neutrophil adhesion to the cell borders of endothelial monolayers, Blocking antibody studies established that neutrophil adhesion was completely P-selectin dependent. P-selectin surface expression increased significantly after histamine treatment and P-selectin immunostaining was concentrated along endothelial borders. We conclude that preferential P-selectin expression along endothelial herders may be an important mechanism for targeting neutrophil migration at endothelial borders. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Med, Cardiovasc Sci Sect, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Sect Leukocyte Biol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Univ British Columbia, Pulm Res Lab, Vancouver, BC, Canada. RP Burns, AR (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Med, Cardiovasc Sci Sect, Rm 515B,1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-42550]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI-19031]; NIEHS NIH HHS [ES-06091] NR 24 TC 75 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0741-5400 J9 J LEUKOCYTE BIOL JI J. Leukoc. Biol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 65 IS 3 BP 299 EP 306 PG 8 WC Cell Biology; Hematology; Immunology SC Cell Biology; Hematology; Immunology GA 172BM UT WOS:000078902300004 PM 10080531 ER PT J AU Tippett, DD LaHoud, P AF Tippett, DD LaHoud, P TI Managing computer-aided civil engineering design services SO JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB Computer-aided engineering (CAE) technology is rapidly altering the design services delivery process. The implementation of this technology is affecting the management of design production as well as associated quality control activities. Many civil engineering managers do not recognize the organizational impact of this change. Among the numerous issues with which managers must deal in order to improve future company performance and maximize the benefit of CAE technology are: (1) the changing business environment; (2) the need to revise design production and quality control processes; (3) the identification of appropriate organizational structures; and (4) the effective management of human resources. Architect-engineering firms must develop a strategy to answer these questions if they are to remain competitive in the future. This paper suggests the basis for developing such a strategy. C1 Univ Alabama, Engrg Mgmt Facu, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. USA, Civ Struct Div, Engrg & Support Ctr, Corps Engineers, Huntsville, AL 35816 USA. RP Tippett, DD (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Engrg Mgmt Facu, 301 Sparkman Dr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA SN 0742-597X J9 J MANAGE ENG JI J. Manage. Eng. PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 15 IS 2 BP 63 EP 71 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0742-597X(1999)15:2(63) PG 9 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 166LA UT WOS:000078576700016 ER PT J AU Solberg, VB Bernier, L Schneider, I Burge, R Wirtz, RA AF Solberg, VB Bernier, L Schneider, I Burge, R Wirtz, RA TI Rubidium marking of Anopheles stephensi (Diptera : Culicidae) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anopheles stephensi; rubidium; mark; recapture; mosquito ID CERATOPOGONIDAE; MOSQUITOS; HOST AB Immature Anopheles stephensi Listen were reared in untreated water and water containing eight e-fold dilutions of rubidium (Rb) from 1,000 to 7.8 ppm to determine the concentration that allowed reliable detection and produced the least toxic effects as measured by adult emergence, weight, and survival. The amount of Rb detected in mosquitoes increased positively with increasing concentrations in the rearing water. Concentrations greater than or equal to 31.2 ppm Rb in the rearing water provided high and consistent detection levels of greater than or equal to 3,500 ppm Rbi mg of adult mosquito. There were no adverse effects of Rb on the weights of mosquitoes. However, increased Rb concentrations in the rearing water were associated with decreased emergence and survival. After 8 d, percentage emergence from Rb concentrations of 0-31.2 ppm was greater than or equal to 50%. At day 21, Rb concentrations of 0-31.2 ppm showed less than or equal to 29% reduction of female survival compared with controls. The recommended concentration for reliable Rb detection with minimal toxic effects in An. stephensi was 32 ppm. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. WRAIR, Dept Biometr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Solberg, VB (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 36 IS 2 BP 141 EP 143 PG 3 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 170VT UT WOS:000078828300004 PM 10083749 ER PT J AU Mikhail, AG AF Mikhail, AG TI Grooves effect on lift: Data correlation and prediction for kinetic energy projectiles SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article AB Effect of grooves on the normal force of an antiarmor long rod kinetic energy (KE) projectile is analyzed and numerically quantified. The effect was studied for body-alone and body with fins, where clear and distinct effects were experimentally observed for each. Wind-tunnel data sets were analyzed, and algebraic, semiempirical correlations were constructed utilizing the main physical parameters of the projectile body and fins, as well as the flow parameters. The correlations provide a simple method to estimate the increase or decrease in the vehicle total normal force due to grooves and can be implemented in fast aerodynamics design codes. One separate set of data was dedicated for independent validation, and the correlation predicted the effect well, both in magnitude and sign. The present correlation is the only one known for predicting the lift loss (or gain) due to grooves. In addition, a better understanding of the contributions of grooves to both body-alone and fins-in-presence-of-body is presented. The correlation is constructed for the Mach number range of 2.0 < M < 5.5 and small angles of attack of less than 6 deg, which cover the flight envelope of tactical KE antiarmor projectiles. The established correlations provide direct incremental corrections over smooth-body values, for useful direct design use. C1 USA, Res Lab, Ballist & Weap Concepts Div, Weap Technol & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Mikhail, AG (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Ballist & Weap Concepts Div, Weap Technol & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 36 IS 2 BP 255 EP 264 DI 10.2514/2.3440 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 184TA UT WOS:000079628500012 ER PT J AU Schmidt, EM AF Schmidt, EM TI Angular motion effects on kinetic energy projectile performance SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article C1 USA, Res Lab, Army Elect Armament Program, Weap & Mat Div, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Schmidt, EM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Army Elect Armament Program, Weap & Mat Div, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 36 IS 2 BP 292 EP 293 DI 10.2514/2.7594 PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 184TA UT WOS:000079628500016 ER PT J AU Miner, TJ Tavaf-Motamen, H Stojadinovic, A Shea-Donohue, T AF Miner, TJ Tavaf-Motamen, H Stojadinovic, A Shea-Donohue, T TI Ischemia-reperfusion protects the rat small intestine against subsequent injury SO JOURNAL OF SURGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ischemia/reperfusion; gut; inflammation; neutrophil activation; mucosa; protection ID MULTIPLE-ORGAN-FAILURE; MECHANISMS; SECRETION; ANTIOXIDANT; NEUTROPHILS; INDUCTION; BINDING; TISSUE; MUCUS; CELLS AB Background. It has been suggested that multiple sublethal insults are commonly associated with the development of multiple organ failure (MOF). The gut is considered to be pivotal in the pathogenesis of MOF. This study investigated the effects of repeated ischemia-reperfusion of the rat small intestine. Methods. Groups of rats underwent 30 min of superior mesenteric artery occlusion or sham operation followed by 24 h of reperfusion. They then received an additional 30 min of superior mesenteric artery occlusion and 2 h of reperfusion or sham operation. Small intestine was examined for mucosal injury, neutrophil infiltration, goblet cell number, and generation of the eicosanoids, prostaglandin E-2, and leukotriene B-4. Activation of neutrophils was assessed in systemic venous blood. Results, Animals subjected to two insults of ischemia-reperfusion demonstrated significantly less mucosal injury than animals undergoing one episode of ischemia and 2 h of reperfusion, despite increased neutrophil infiltration, leukotriene B-4, and activated systemic neutrophils. Goblet cell number was elevated in animals 24 h after the fist ischemia-reperfusion insult and remained enhanced after the second episode of ischemia-reperfusion. Conclusions. The initial episode of ischemia-reperfusion caused an adaptive response associated with cytoarchitectural preservation following the subsequent insult. Increased mucus production was associated with mucosal protection. Nevertheless, repeated ischemia-reperfusion potentiated the local inflammatory response and the systemic activation of neutrophils. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Shea-Donohue, T (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 41 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4804 J9 J SURG RES JI J. Surg. Res. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 82 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1006/jsre.1998.5510 PG 10 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 170UZ UT WOS:000078826600001 PM 10068518 ER PT J AU Cvancara, JL Meffert, JJ AF Cvancara, JL Meffert, JJ TI Surgical Pearl: Versatile paper clip comedo extractor for acne surgery SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Cvancara, JL (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 2 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0190-9622 J9 J AM ACAD DERMATOL JI J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 40 IS 3 BP 477 EP 478 PG 2 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 171MH UT WOS:000078867300014 PM 10071322 ER PT J AU Rutledge, LC Echano, NM Gupta, RK AF Rutledge, LC Echano, NM Gupta, RK TI Responses of male and female mosquitoes to repellents in the World Health Organization insecticide irritability test system SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Aedes; Aedes taeniorhynchus; Aedes aegypti; insecticides; irritability; repellents; permethrin; deet ID LAMBDA-CYHALOTHRIN; MALARIA VECTORS; DDT AB A study was conducted to compare responses of male and female Aedes aegypti (Linn.) and Aedes taeniorhynchus (Wiedemann) to 9 olfactory repellents in the World Health Organization insecticide irritability test system. An irritant insecticide (permethrin) and a control were included for comparison. Aedes aegypti exhibited significantly more takeoffs than Ae. taeniorhynchus, and female mosquitoes exhibited significantly more takeoffs than males. Permethrin induced significantly more takeoffs than the control, but olfactory repellents did not. Certain 2- and 3-factor interactions of test materials, species, and sexes were statistically significant. This study supports a previous conclusion that the World Health Organization test method does not measure contact repellency (irritancy) and olfactory repellency equally. C1 USA, Med Res & Mat Command, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Rutledge, LC (reprint author), 11 Circle Way, Mill Valley, CA 94941 USA. NR 17 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSN INC PI LAKE CHARLES PA 2200 E PRIEN LAKE RD, LAKE CHARLES, LA 70601 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 15 IS 1 BP 60 EP 64 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 195GE UT WOS:000080241600010 PM 10342270 ER PT J AU Seo, JT Hommerich, U Trivedi, SB Kutcher, SW Chen, RJ Wang, CC Zong, H AF Seo, JT Hommerich, U Trivedi, SB Kutcher, SW Chen, RJ Wang, CC Zong, H TI Spectroscopy and tunable mid-infrared lasing of a novel gain medium: Cr2+-doped Cd0.85Mn0.15Te SO JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ZINC CHALCOGENIDES; LASER; CRYSTALS AB A novel mid-infrared transition-metal laser has been developed based on chromium (II)-doped Cd0.85Mn0.15Te. The characteristic spectroscopic features of Cr2+: Cd0.85Mn0.15Te are large absorption and emission cross sections (similar to 10(-18) cm(2)), a predicted absence of excited state absorption (ESA), and a broad emission band extending from 2.1 similar to 3.5 mu m. The broad emission band makes Cr2+: Cd0.85Mn0.15Te very attractive for the development of a widely tunable mid-infrared laser. In initial studies, a laser tunability from 2.3 to 2.75 mu m has been demonstrated with a full width at half maximum of 2.3 nm. A larger tuning range seems possible with the appropriate optics. The highest slope efficiency achieved for a pulsed (2 Hz) free-running laser was 44.2 %. C1 Hampton Univ, Dept Phys, Res Ctr Opt Phys, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. Bimrose Corp Amer, Baltimore, MD 21236 USA. USA, Res Lab, Electroopt & Photon Div, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Seo, JT (reprint author), Hampton Univ, Dept Phys, Res Ctr Opt Phys, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. EM seo@jlab.org NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU KOREAN PHYSICAL SOC PI SEOUL PA 635-4, YUKSAM-DONG, KANGNAM-KU, SEOUL 135-703, SOUTH KOREA SN 0374-4884 J9 J KOREAN PHYS SOC JI J. Korean Phys. Soc. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 34 IS 3 BP 221 EP 226 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 176TE UT WOS:000079167200005 ER PT J AU Lahart, MJ AF Lahart, MJ TI Propagation modes in a cylindrical dielectric waveguide with radially varying permittivity SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID EFFICIENT; FIBERS; CORE AB Computations are made of the mode parameter in a cylindrical dielectric waveguide whose permittivity is a function of the radius. The mode parameter, whose sign determines whether a mode is HE or EH, is computed as a function of the propagation constant and the values of the permittivities on each side of a cylindrical boundary in the waveguide. Fields in the waveguide are then computed as a function of the mode parameter. The expressions for the fields are valid when variations in the permittivity are large or when the permittivity is not continuous. The approach is demonstrated by computations of the mode parameter in two waveguides: one whose permittivity has a discontinuity at the interface between core and cladding and one whose permittivity is continuous everywhere. The characteristics of the propagation modes that arise from each case are described and compared with those of a cylindrical dielectric waveguide whose permittivity is constant in the core region and in the cladding region. (C) 1999 Optical Society of America [S0740-3232(99)03503-6]. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Lahart, MJ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3232 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 16 IS 3 BP 584 EP 590 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.16.000584 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 170AQ UT WOS:000078783300017 ER PT J AU Tripp, HF Obney, JA AF Tripp, HF Obney, JA TI Consideration of anatomic defects in the etiology of catamenial pneumothorax SO JOURNAL OF THORACIC AND CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY LA English DT Letter C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Thorac & Cardiovasc Surg, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Tripp, HF (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Thorac & Cardiovasc Surg, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 7 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0022-5223 J9 J THORAC CARDIOV SUR JI J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 117 IS 3 BP 632 EP 633 PG 2 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Respiratory System; Surgery SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Respiratory System; Surgery GA 172KB UT WOS:000078921100040 PM 10047678 ER PT J AU Teichman, JMH Vassar, GJ Yates, JT Angle, BN Johnson, AJ Dirks, MS Thompson, IM AF Teichman, JMH Vassar, GJ Yates, JT Angle, BN Johnson, AJ Dirks, MS Thompson, IM TI Color vision deficits and laser eyewear protection for soft tissue laser applications SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE lasers; color perception; eye protective devices; spectrophotometry ID MUNSELL 100-HUE TEST; PERFORMANCE; WAVELENGTH AB Purpose: Laser safety considerations require urologists to wear laser eye protection. Laser eye protection devices block transmittance of specific light wavelengths and may distort color perception. We tested whether urologists risk color confusion when wearing laser eye protection devices for laser soft tissue applications. Materials and Methods: Subjects were tested with the Farnsworth-Munsell 100-Hue Test without (controls) and with laser eye protection devices for carbon dioxide, potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP), neodymium (Nd):YAG and holmium:YAG lasers. Color deficits were characterized by error scores, polar graphs, confusion angles, confusion index, scatter index and color axes. Laser eye protection device spectral transmittance was tested with spectrophotometry. Results: Mean total error scores plus or minus standard deviation were 13 +/- 5 for controls, and 44 +/- 31 for carbon dioxide, 273 +/- 26 for KTP, 22 +/- 6 for Nd:YAG and 14 +/- 8 for holmium:YAG devices (p <0.001). The KTP laser eye protection polar graphs, and confusion and scatter indexes revealed moderate blue-yellow and red-green color confusion. Color axes indicated no significant deficits for controls, or carbon dioxide, Nd:YAG or holmium:YAG laser eye protection in any subject compared to blue-yellow color vision deficits in 8 of 8 tested with KTP laser eye protection (p <0.001). Spectrophotometry demonstrated that light was blocked with laser eye protection devices for carbon dioxide less than 380, holmium:YAG greater than 850, Nd:YAG less than 350 and greater than 950, and KTP less than 550 and greater than 750 nm. Conclusions: The laser eye protection device for KTP causes significant blue-yellow and red-green color confusion. Laser eye protection devices for carbon dioxide, holmium:YAG and Nd:YAG cause no significant color confusion compared to controls. The differences are explained by laser eye protection spectrophotometry characteristics and visual physiology. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Div Urol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Div Urol, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Aeromed Consultat Serv, Ophthalmol Branch, Brooks AFB, TX USA. Armstrong Lab, Visual Electrodiagnost Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Teichman, JMH (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Div Urol, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 161 IS 3 BP 874 EP 880 DI 10.1016/S0022-5347(01)61795-6 PG 7 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 164YZ UT WOS:000078492300036 PM 10022704 ER PT J AU Mariani, R Wong, S Mulder, LCF Wilkinson, DA Reinhart, AL LaRosa, G Nibbs, R O'Brien, TR Michael, NL Connor, RI Macdonald, M Busch, M Koup, RA Landau, NR AF Mariani, R Wong, S Mulder, LCF Wilkinson, DA Reinhart, AL LaRosa, G Nibbs, R O'Brien, TR Michael, NL Connor, RI Macdonald, M Busch, M Koup, RA Landau, NR TI CCR2-64I polymorphism is not associated with altered CCR5 expression or coreceptor function SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID LONG-TERM SURVIVOR; CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR GENE; VIRUS TYPE-1 INFECTION; HIV-1 INFECTION; DISEASE PROGRESSION; DELETION ALLELE; INDIVIDUALS; RESISTANCE; TRANSMISSION; NEF AB A polymorphism in the gene encoding CCR2 is associated with a delay in progression to AIDS in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals. The polymorphism, CCR2-64I, changes valine 64 of CCR2 to isoleucine. However, it is not clear whether the effect on AIDS progression results from the amino acid change or whether the polymorphism marks a genetically linked, yet unidentified mutation that mediates the effect. Because the gene encoding CCR5, the major coreceptor for HIV type 1 primary isolates, ties, 15 kb 3' to CCR2, linked mutations in the CCR5 promoter or other regulatory sequences could explain the association of CCR2-64I with slowed AIDS pathogenesis. Here, we show that CCR2-64I is efficiently expressed on the cell surface but does not have dominant negative activity on CCR5 coreceptor function. A panel of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from uninfected donors representing the various CCR5/CCR2 genotypes was assembled. Activated primary CD4(+) T cells of CCR2 64I/64I donors expressed cell surface CCR5 at levels comparable to those of CCR2 +/+ donors. A slight reduction in CCR5 expression was noted, although this was not statistically significant. CCR5 and CCR2 mRNA levels were nearly identical for each of the donor PBMC, regardless of genotype. Cell surface CCR5 and CCR2 levels were more variable than mRNA transcript levels, suggesting that an alternative mechanism may influence CCR5 cell surface levels. CCR2-64I is linked to the CCR5 promoter polymorphisms 208G, 303A, 627C, and 676A; however, in transfected promoter reporter constructs, these did not affect transcriptional activity. Taken together, these findings suggest that CCR2-64I does not act by influencing CCR5 transcription of mRNA levels. C1 Rockefeller Univ, Aaron Diamond AIDS Res Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USA. Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Dallas, TX 75235 USA. Leukosite Inc, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. Beatson Inst Canc Res Campaign, Glasgow G61 1BD, Lanark, Scotland. NCI, Viral Epidemiol Branch, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Retrovirol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Mol Neurogenet Unit, Charlestown, MA 02129 USA. Irwin Mem Blood Ctr, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA. RP Landau, NR (reprint author), Salk Inst Biol Studies, Infect Dis Lab, 10010 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM landau@salk.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA72149, R01 CA43252]; NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI072149, R29 AI36057] NR 53 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 73 IS 3 BP 2450 EP 2459 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA 166XT UT WOS:000078603800080 PM 9971830 ER PT J AU Hudson, WM AF Hudson, WM TI Racial extremism in the army SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Review ID SPEECH C1 USA, Judge Advocates Gen Corps, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. RP Hudson, WM (reprint author), USA, Judge Advocate Gen Sch, Criminal Law Dept, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. NR 120 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 USA SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 159 BP 1 EP 86 PG 86 WC Law SC Government & Law GA 187QU UT WOS:000079798900001 ER PT J AU Williams, ME AF Williams, ME TI All that we can be SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Williams, ME (reprint author), USA, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 USA SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 159 BP 203 EP 209 PG 7 WC Law SC Government & Law GA 187QU UT WOS:000079798900005 ER PT J AU Jackson, JL Strong, J Cheng, EY Meyer, G AF Jackson, JL Strong, J Cheng, EY Meyer, G TI Patients, diagnoses, and procedures in a military internal medicine clinic: Comparison with civilian practices SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Background: Our goal was to compare the demographic features, diagnoses, and procedures in civilian and military ambulatory internal medicine clinics. Methods: One year (September 1996 to August 1997) of data from the Ambulatory Data System of the Adult Primary Care Clinic at Madigan Army Medical Center was extracted and compared with the most recent (1995) National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey. Results: A total of 41,374 Madigan patient encounters were compared with civilian data from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey. The age distribution was similar, with military patients averaging 53.5 years of age and civilian patients averaging 54.5 years. Military patients were more likely to be female (71 vs. 60%) and were more ethnically diverse (military: 68% white, 17% African American, 7% Hispanic, 7% Asian American, and 1% Native American; civilian: 78% white, 10% African American, 6% Hispanic, 5.9% Asian American, and 0.3% Native American). There were similar rank orderings of the top 189 diagnostic groups seen in each setting (Spearman's rho = 0.87). There were also no differences in the type. or rank order of procedures performed between military and civilian internists (p = 0.53). Conclusion: The practice content of military and civilian practices appears to be more similar than different. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, EDP, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Madigan Army Med Ctr, Tacoma, WA 98434 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Gen Med Serv, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Jackson, JL (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, EDP, Room A3060, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 5 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 164 IS 3 BP 194 EP 197 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 176LX UT WOS:000079153800006 PM 10091492 ER PT J AU Shorr, AF Niven, AS Howard, RS Phillips, YY AF Shorr, AF Niven, AS Howard, RS Phillips, YY TI The American College of Physicians' Resident Abstract Competition: Success of US Military trainees SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID INTERNAL-MEDICINE AB Research is a central aspect of internal medicine (IM) training, and accreditation organizations require that residency programs show that their residents participate in scholarly activity. To better understand the research productivity and the quality of research conducted by military IM trainees, we reviewed the records of the American College of Physicians' Resident Abstract Competition from 1995 to 1997. This national competition is prestigious, blindly judged, and highly selective, We found that although military residents account for less than 2% of all U.S. and Canadian IM trainees, they author more than 11% of the abstracts selected for presentation (p < 0.001). We conclude that military IM residents are disproportionately represented compared with their civilian peers in an objective, national competitive forum. This is consistent with the higher scores on in-service examinations and higher board-certification pass rates for military IM residents. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Shorr, AF (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 164 IS 3 BP 218 EP 220 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 176LX UT WOS:000079153800012 PM 10091497 ER PT J AU Panchang, V Zhao, LZ Demirbilek, Z AF Panchang, V Zhao, LZ Demirbilek, Z TI Estimation of extreme wave heights using GEOSAT measurements SO OCEAN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE extreme wave heights; GEOSAT measurements ID MODEL; WIND; VALIDATION; WATER AB Satellite technology has yielded a large database of global ocean wave heights which may be used for engineering applications. However, the sampling protocol used by the satellite leads to some difficulties in making use of these data for practical applications. These difficulties and techniques to estimate extreme wave heights using satellite measurements are discussed. Significant wave heights for a 50-year return period are estimated using GEOSAT measurements for several regions around North America. Techniques described here may be used for estimation of wave heights; associated with any specified return interval in regions where buoy data are not readily available. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Univ Maine, Dept Civil Engn, Orono, ME 04469 USA. USA, Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Panchang, V (reprint author), Natl Sea Grant Off, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 37 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0029-8018 J9 OCEAN ENG JI Ocean Eng. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 26 IS 3 BP 205 EP 225 PG 21 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 127JT UT WOS:000076348000002 ER PT J AU Moul, JW AF Moul, JW TI Prostate cancer risk assessment program - A model for the early detection of prostate cancer - The Watkins Bruner et al article reviewed SO ONCOLOGY-NEW YORK LA English DT Editorial Material ID COMMUNITY-BASED POPULATION; AFRICAN-AMERICAN MEN; REFERENCE RANGES; ANTIGEN; SPECIFICITY; THERAPY; VALUES C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Urol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Ctr Prostate Dis Res, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Moul, JW (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Urol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU P R R INC PI MELVILLE PA 48 SOUTH SERVICE RD, MELVILLE, NY 11747 USA SN 0890-9091 J9 ONCOLOGY-NY JI Oncology-NY PD MAR PY 1999 VL 13 IS 3 BP 337 EP + PG 4 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 368QA UT WOS:000090127900009 ER PT J AU Murty, KG Djang, PA AF Murty, KG Djang, PA TI The US Army National Guard's mobile training simulators location and routing problem SO OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB For training National Guard units, the U.S. Army National Guard will field 21 combat vehicle training simulators called mobile trainers. Each National Guard unit must train at a station that is not farther than a specified maximum travel distance from its armory. We address the problem of finding: the optimum locations for the home bases for the mobile trainers, the locations of secondary training sites to which the mobile trainers will travel to provide training, and the actual routes that the mobile trainers will take to cover all these secondary training sites. The aim is to allocate each National Guard unit to a training site within the maximum travel distance from its armory, while simultaneously minimizing the mobile trainer fleet mileage and the total distance traveled by all units. The problem is too large and complex to solve as a single model. We apply a heuristic decomposition strategy to break the overall problem into manageable stages, developing suitable substitute objective functions for each. This approach led to a solution in which the mobile trainer fleet mileage is 72,850 miles per year: about 70% smaller than the 231,000 miles per year in the original Army's procurement plan. Our solution has been implemented (with minor modifications) by the Army. C1 Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USA, Training & Doctrine Anal Command, White Sands Missile Rang, NM 88002 USA. RP Murty, KG (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NR 12 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU INST OPERATIONS RESEARCH MANAGEMENT SCIENCES PI LINTHICUM HTS PA 901 ELKRIDGE LANDING RD, STE 400, LINTHICUM HTS, MD 21090-2909 USA SN 0030-364X J9 OPER RES JI Oper. Res. PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 47 IS 2 BP 175 EP 182 DI 10.1287/opre.47.2.175 PG 8 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 231QE UT WOS:000082320700001 ER PT J AU Thach, AB Ward, TP Hollifield, RD Dugel, PU Sipperley, JO Marx, JL Abrams, DA Wroblewski, KJ Sonkin, PL Birdsong, RH Dunlap, WA AF Thach, AB Ward, TP Hollifield, RD Dugel, PU Sipperley, JO Marx, JL Abrams, DA Wroblewski, KJ Sonkin, PL Birdsong, RH Dunlap, WA TI Ocular injuries from paintball pellets SO OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SERIOUS EYE INJURIES; WAR GAMES; TRAUMA AB Objective: To evaluate the ocular effects of blunt trauma due to injury from a paintball pellet. Design: Noncomparative case series. Participants: Thirteen patients who suffered ocular injury from paintballs are described. The patients presented to six different civilian and military emergency departments in tertiary cave medical centers. Intervention: Patients were treated for the ocular injury. Main Outcome Measures: Patients were evaluated for initial and final visual acuity. The reason for persistent loss of vision was delineated. Results: There were 12 males and 1 female with an average age of 21 years (range, 12-33 years). Eleven of the 13 had no ocular protection at the time of the ocular injury. On initial examination, nine patients had a hyphema, nine had a vitreous hemorrhage, six had a retinal tear or detachment, three had corneal or corneal-scleral ruptures, and one had traumatic optic neuropathy. The final visual acuity was 20/40 or better in two patients, 20/50 to 20/150 in three patients, and 20/200 or worse in eight patients. Conclusion: Injuries due to paintball pellets can result in severe ocular damage and significant loss of vision. Eyecare professionals should be aware of the risks of this sport and must strongly advise participants to wear adequate protection when involved in this activity. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Ophthalmol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Retinal Consultants Arizona, Phoenix, AZ USA. Sinai Hosp, Krieger Eye Inst, Baltimore, MD 21215 USA. Madigan Army Med Ctr, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. Univ Iowa Hosp & Clin, Dept Ophthalmol & Visual Sci, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Landstuhl Army Reg Med Ctr, Landstuhl, Germany. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Thach, AB (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Ophthalmol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 19 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0161-6420 J9 OPHTHALMOLOGY JI Ophthalmology PD MAR PY 1999 VL 106 IS 3 BP 533 EP 537 DI 10.1016/S0161-6420(99)90112-4 PG 5 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 171NU UT WOS:000078870800027 PM 10080210 ER PT J AU Vorontsov, MA Samson, BA AF Vorontsov, MA Samson, BA TI Parallel nonlinear optoelectronic image processing for real-time motion detection SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE image processing; adaptive optics; optical computing; phase modulation ID PHASE-DISTORTION SUPPRESSION; MOVING-OBJECTS; SYSTEMS AB An analog nonlinear optoelectronic image-processing system for detection of moving objects in an input image stream is proposed and analyzed. Its operation is based on the effect of self-suppression of a stationary-state image background, with enhancement of the contrast of a moving object. Analytical results obtained in the linear approximation are verified by direct numerical simulations. (C) 1999 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. [S0091-3286(99)02203-5]. C1 USA, Res Lab, Informat Sci & Technol Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Byelarussian Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Minsk 220602, Byelarus. RP Vorontsov, MA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Informat Sci & Technol Directorate, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM vorontsov@iol.arl.mil NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 38 IS 3 BP 558 EP 563 DI 10.1117/1.602099 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 176MY UT WOS:000079156400024 ER PT J AU Matzke, SM Oubre, JL Caranto, GR Gentry, MK Galbicka, G AF Matzke, SM Oubre, JL Caranto, GR Gentry, MK Galbicka, G TI Behavioral and immunological effects of exogenous butyrylcholinesterase in rhesus monkeys SO PHARMACOLOGY BIOCHEMISTRY AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE butyrylcholinesterase; serial probe recognition (SPR); rhesus monkeys; immunology; operant behavior; accuracy; latency; memory ID ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE PROPHYLAXIS; PRETREATMENT DRUGS; SOMAN; PROTECTION; TOXICITY; PREVENTION; MICE; RATS AB Although conventional therapies prevent organophosphate (OP) lethality, laboratory animals exposed to such treatments typically display behavioral incapacitation. Pretreatment with purified exogenous human or equine serum butyrylcholinesterase (Eq-BuChE), conversely, has effectively prevented OP lethality in rats and rhesus monkeys, without producing the adverse side effects associated with conventional treatments. In monkeys, however, using a commercial preparation of Eq-BuChE has been reported to incapacitate responding. In the present study, repeated administration of commercially prepared Eq-BuChE had no systematic effect on behavior in rhesus monkeys as measured by a six-item serial probe recognition task, despite 7- to 18-fold increases in baseline BuChE levels in blood. Antibody production induced by the enzyme was slight after the first injection and more pronounced following the second injection. The lack of behavioral effects, the relatively long in vivo half-life, and the previously demonstrated efficacy of BuChE as a biological scavenger for highly toxic OPs make BuChE potentially more effective than current treatment regimens for OP toxicity. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Inc. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Neurosci, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Matzke, SM (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Neurosci, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 24 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0091-3057 J9 PHARMACOL BIOCHEM BE JI Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 62 IS 3 BP 523 EP 530 DI 10.1016/S0091-3057(98)00183-X PG 8 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 169WX UT WOS:000078773300018 PM 10080246 ER PT J AU Belenky, G Dutta, M Gorfinkel, VB Haddad, GI Iafrate, GJ Kim, KW Kisin, M Luryi, S Stroscio, MA Sun, JP Teng, HB Yu, SG AF Belenky, G Dutta, M Gorfinkel, VB Haddad, GI Iafrate, GJ Kim, KW Kisin, M Luryi, S Stroscio, MA Sun, JP Teng, HB Yu, SG TI Tailoring of optical phonon modes in nanoscale semiconductor structures: role of interface-optical phonons in quantum-well lasers SO PHYSICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Phonon Scattering in Condensed Matter (PHONONS 98) CY JUL 26-31, 1998 CL LANCASTER, ENGLAND SP Engn & Phys Sci Res Council, European Commiss, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, US Army European Res Off, Lancaster Univ Dept Phys, Inst Phys, European Phys Soc DE interface phonons; quantum-well lasers; phonon confinement; phonon-assisted transitions ID CASCADE LASERS; GAIN; TEMPERATURE; TRANSITIONS; EMISSION; SPECTRA AB This paper discusses the concept of enhancing semiconductor laser performance through tailoring of scattering rates of confined polar-optical phonons. Studies of optically pumped intersubband scattering in coupled quantum-well lasers have demonstrated that interface-phonon-assisted transitions are important in such structures; furthermore, simple analytical expressions have been derived that indicate the importance of interface-phonon scattering in quantum-well lasers. These calculations reveal that the interface-phonon-assisted transitions are dominant for small quantum well dimensions of approximately 40 Angstrom such dimensions are typical of novel lasers including both the unipolar quantum cascade laser and the tunneling injection laser. Recent numerical calculations have confirmed these effects and have extended them to indicate how confined and interface phonons also affect critical laser properties such as optical gain. The application of confined phonon effects to intersubband lasers is one of the most important applications of confined-phonon physics to the present time. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Elect Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept EECS, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Elect Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Belenky, G (reprint author), USA, Res Off, POB 12211, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM stroscio@aro-emh1.army.mil NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD MAR PY 1999 VL 263 BP 462 EP 465 DI 10.1016/S0921-4526(98)01410-0 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 180AN UT WOS:000079362700128 ER PT J AU Alexson, D Bergman, L Dutta, M Kim, KW Komirenko, S Nemanich, RJ Lee, BC Stroscio, MA Yu, SG AF Alexson, D Bergman, L Dutta, M Kim, KW Komirenko, S Nemanich, RJ Lee, BC Stroscio, MA Yu, SG TI Confined phonon and phonon-mode properties of III-V nitrides with wurtzite crystal structure SO PHYSICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Phonon Scattering in Condensed Matter (PHONONS 98) CY JUL 26-31, 1998 CL LANCASTER, ENGLAND SP Engn & Phys Sci Res Council, European Commiss, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, US Army European Res Off, Lancaster Univ Dept Phys, Inst Phys, European Phys Soc DE phonons in wurtzite structures; Loudon model; nitride-based III-V structures ID SCATTERING; GAN AB Stimulated by the recent interest in the use of nitride-based III-V wurtzite structures for optoelectronic and electronic devices, this paper reports on the application of the Loudon model for uniaxial crystals to derive the Frohlich interaction Hamiltonian as well as the electron-optical-phonon scattering rate in wurtzite crystals. This paper also presents experimental analyses of the mode behavior of phonons in wurtzite crystals. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, ECE Dept, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Inha Univ, Dept Phys, Inchon, South Korea. RP Dutta, M (reprint author), USA, Res Off, POB 12211, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 14 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD MAR PY 1999 VL 263 BP 510 EP 513 DI 10.1016/S0921-4526(98)01423-9 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 180AN UT WOS:000079362700142 ER PT J AU Komirenko, SM Kim, KW Kochelap, VA Dutta, M Stroscio, MA AF Komirenko, SM Kim, KW Kochelap, VA Dutta, M Stroscio, MA TI Phase instability and electron-assisted renormalization of acoustic phonon spectrum in free-standing quantum wires SO PHYSICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Phonon Scattering in Condensed Matter (PHONONS 98) CY JUL 26-31, 1998 CL LANCASTER, ENGLAND SP Engn & Phys Sci Res Council, European Commiss, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, US Army European Res Off, Lancaster Univ Dept Phys, Inst Phys, European Phys Soc DE coupled excitation; phase instability; electron-phonon interaction AB In this paper we consider the possibility of a Peierls phase transition for a system of one-dimensional electrons and acoustic phonons confined in a free-standing quantum wire (FSQWI). We assume that electrons and phonons are coupled via the deformation potential interaction. The dispersion relation for this system is derived taking into account the role of electrostatic effects. The Peierls phase transition to the state characterized by periodic lattice deformation (PLD) is obtained in the high-permittivity limit. The formalism developed in this paper facilitates investigation of the renormalized acoustic phonon spectrum and predicts the possibility of the Peierls transition in FSQWIs fabricated from semiconductor materials with large permittivity. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Ukrainian Acad Sci, Inst Semicond Phys, Dept Theoret Phys, UA-252650 Kiev, Ukraine. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Kim, KW (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD MAR PY 1999 VL 263 BP 522 EP 525 DI 10.1016/S0921-4526(98)01253-8 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 180AN UT WOS:000079362700145 ER PT J AU Wenger, MP Almeida, PL Blanas, P Shuford, RJ Das-Gupta, DK AF Wenger, MP Almeida, PL Blanas, P Shuford, RJ Das-Gupta, DK TI The ferroelectric properties of piezoelectric ceramic/polymer composites for acoustic emission sensors SO POLYMER ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Polymer Characterization (POLYCHAR-5) CY JAN, 1997 CL UNIV N TEXAS, DENTON, TX HO UNIV N TEXAS ID POLYVINYLIDENE FLUORIDE; REMANENT POLARIZATION; POLYMERS AB Two different mixed connectivity composites, consisting of a ferroelectric ceramic powder of calcium modified lead titanate (PTCa) dispersed in a polymer matrix, have been fabricated and their ferroelectric properties have been investigated. Hysteresis measurements have been conducted on composites of PTCa with a polar polymer of polyvinylidene trifluoroethylene (P(VDF-TrFE)) and PTCa with a thermosetting epoxy resin to determine the coercive fields and remanent polarization of the two different composites. The composites show noticeable differences in their behavior during poling along with the values of their piezoelectric coefficients, with the composite of PTCa/P(VDF-TrFE) showing enhanced piezoelectric activity over that of PTCa/epoxy. This paper reports on the polarization properties and the microstructural nature of the composites. C1 Univ Coll N Wales, Sch Elect Engn & Comp Syst, Bangor LL57 1UT, Gwynedd, Wales. USA, Res Lab, Mat Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Univ Coll N Wales, Sch Elect Engn & Comp Syst, Dean St, Bangor LL57 1UT, Gwynedd, Wales. RI Almeida, Pedro/B-4356-2009; Physics Department, ISEL/F-6664-2010 OI Almeida, Pedro/0000-0001-7356-8455; NR 13 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0032-3888 EI 1548-2634 J9 POLYM ENG SCI JI Polym. Eng. Sci. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 39 IS 3 BP 483 EP 492 DI 10.1002/pen.11438 PG 10 WC Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA 183WD UT WOS:000079576400013 ER PT J AU Wenger, MP Blanas, P Shuford, RJ Das-Gupta, DK AF Wenger, MP Blanas, P Shuford, RJ Das-Gupta, DK TI Characterization and evaluation of piezoelectric composite bimorphs for in-situ acoustic emission sensors SO POLYMER ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Polymer Characterization (POLYCHAR-5) CY JAN, 1997 CL UNIV N TEXAS, DENTON, TX HO UNIV N TEXAS AB Mixed connectivity composites consisting of a ferroelectric ceramic powder of calcium modified lead titanate dispersed in a polymer matrix have been fabricated into piezoelectric bimorph sensors. The piezoelectric, dielectric and electromechanical coupling coefficients of these sensors have been measured and a full characterization of the electromechanical properties are reported. The suitability of these bimorph transducers as in-situ acoustic emission sensors, embedded into glass-epoxy laminate plate like structures, has been investigated. A comparison of the performance of these sensors to those of previously investigated monomorph sensors fabricated from the same material has been made. C1 Univ Wales, Sch Elect Engn & Comp Syst, Bangor LL57 1UT, Gwynedd, Wales. USA, Res Lab, Mat Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Univ Wales, Sch Elect Engn & Comp Syst, Bangor LL57 1UT, Gwynedd, Wales. NR 19 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0032-3888 EI 1548-2634 J9 POLYM ENG SCI JI Polym. Eng. Sci. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 39 IS 3 BP 508 EP 518 DI 10.1002/pen.11441 PG 11 WC Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA 183WD UT WOS:000079576400016 ER PT J AU Bishop, P Crowder, T Derrick, K Fielitz, L Anderson, C Smith, J AF Bishop, P Crowder, T Derrick, K Fielitz, L Anderson, C Smith, J TI Physiological determinants of performance on a military obstacle course SO RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. Univ Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ALLIANCE HEALTH PHYS EDUC REC & DANCE PI RESTON PA 1900 ASSOCIATION DRIVE, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0270-1367 J9 RES Q EXERCISE SPORT JI Res. Q. Exerc. Sport PD MAR PY 1999 VL 70 IS 1 SU S BP A24 EP A25 PG 2 WC Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism; Psychology, Applied; Psychology; Sport Sciences SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Psychology; Sport Sciences GA 176VN UT WOS:000079172800028 ER PT J AU Coelho, JD AF Coelho, JD TI Student perceptions of physical education in a mandatory college program SO RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ALLIANCE HEALTH PHYS EDUC REC & DANCE PI RESTON PA 1900 ASSOCIATION DRIVE, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0270-1367 J9 RES Q EXERCISE SPORT JI Res. Q. Exerc. Sport PD MAR PY 1999 VL 70 IS 1 SU S BP A82 EP A83 PG 2 WC Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism; Psychology, Applied; Psychology; Sport Sciences SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Psychology; Sport Sciences GA 176VN UT WOS:000079172800163 ER PT J AU Fielitz, L Bishop, P Crowder, T Derrick, K Anderson, C Smith, J AF Fielitz, L Bishop, P Crowder, T Derrick, K Anderson, C Smith, J TI Body size as a discriminator of performance for a weight-supported motor fitness test SO RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. Univ Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ALLIANCE HEALTH PHYS EDUC REC & DANCE PI RESTON PA 1900 ASSOCIATION DRIVE, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0270-1367 J9 RES Q EXERCISE SPORT JI Res. Q. Exerc. Sport PD MAR PY 1999 VL 70 IS 1 SU S BP A60 EP A60 PG 1 WC Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism; Psychology, Applied; Psychology; Sport Sciences SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Psychology; Sport Sciences GA 176VN UT WOS:000079172800115 ER PT J AU Cole, MW Fountzoulas, CG Demaree, D AF Cole, MW Fountzoulas, CG Demaree, D TI A surface science investigation of device structures exposed to high power operational stress SO SCANNING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Scanning 99 Conference CY APR 11-14, 1999 CL CHICAGO, ILLINOIS C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Cole, MW (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FAMS INC PI MAHWAH PA BOX 832, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-0832 USA SN 0161-0457 J9 SCANNING JI Scanning PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 21 IS 2 BP 79 EP 80 PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy GA 211QG UT WOS:000081171200036 ER PT J AU Barrett, A Cardello, A AF Barrett, A Cardello, A TI Food texture characterization techniques tailored to specific structural "types": A review SO SCANNING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Scanning 99 Conference CY APR 11-14, 1999 CL CHICAGO, ILLINOIS ID COMPRESSION C1 USA, Soldier & Biol Chem Command, Performance Enhancement Nutr Qual Team, Natick, MA 01760 USA. USA, Soldier & Biol Chem Command, Prod Optimizat Evaluat Team, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Barrett, A (reprint author), USA, Soldier & Biol Chem Command, Performance Enhancement Nutr Qual Team, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FAMS INC PI MAHWAH PA BOX 832, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-0832 USA SN 0161-0457 J9 SCANNING JI Scanning PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 21 IS 2 BP 116 EP 117 PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy GA 211QG UT WOS:000081171200078 ER PT J AU Hilton, JD AF Hilton, JD TI US Army Corps of Engineers dredging program SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Dept Army, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Hilton, JD (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Dept Army, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBL INC PI ARLINGTON PA SUITE 1000 1117 N 19 ST, ARLINGTON, VA 22209 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 40 IS 3 BP 34 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 185NV UT WOS:000079676600006 ER PT J AU Cheung, YY Rosenberg, ZS Colon, E Jahss, M AF Cheung, YY Rosenberg, ZS Colon, E Jahss, M TI MR imaging of flexor digitorum accessorius longus SO SKELETAL RADIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE foot and ankle; anomalous muscle and tendon; Tarsal tunnel syndrome ID PERONEUS-QUARTUS MUSCLE; FEATURES; SOLEUS AB Objective The flexor digitorum accessorius longus muscle (FDAL), an anomalous muscle about the ankle, has recently been implicated in tarsal tunnel syndrome. The purpose of this study is to document the prevalence of the FDAL, its MR appearance and its relation to the neurovascular bundle in the tarsal tunnel. Design and patients The prevalence of the FDAL was determined from 100 ankle MR examinations in asymptomatic individuals. The appearance of the FDAL was summarized from 20 examples of FDAL: six gathered from the asymptomatic group and 14 acquired from a group ro of randomly collected cases of patients with ankle complaints. Results The prevalence of the FDAL was 6% calculated from the group of 100 asymptomatic individuals. Possessing a dominant fleshy component in the tarsal tunnel, the FDAL. accompanies the posterior neurovascular bundle as it descends the ankle. Conclusion The FDAL is encountered in 6% of asymptomatic individuals, its prominent fleshy component in the tarsal tunnel and its close proximity to the posterior tibial neurovascular bundle readily differentiate the FDAL from other medial anomalous muscles on MR imaging. C1 St Vincents Hosp & Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, New York, NY 10011 USA. NYU, Hosp Joint Dis, Dept Radiol, New York, NY 10003 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NYU, Hosp Joint Dis, Dept Orthoped, New York, NY 10003 USA. RP Cheung, YY (reprint author), St Vincents Hosp & Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, 135 W 11th St, New York, NY 10011 USA. NR 23 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0364-2348 J9 SKELETAL RADIOL JI Skeletal Radiol. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 28 IS 3 BP 130 EP 137 PG 8 WC Orthopedics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Orthopedics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 185BW UT WOS:000079649100002 PM 10231910 ER PT J AU Wolfenstine, J Huang, P Petric, A AF Wolfenstine, J Huang, P Petric, A TI Creep behavior of doped lanthanum gallate versus cubic zirconia SO SOLID STATE IONICS LA English DT Article DE creep; lanthanum gallate; cubic zirconia; diffusion ID STABILIZED ZIRCONIA; LAGAO3 PEROVSKITE; CONDUCTOR; OXIDE AB The creep behavior of fine-grained La0.8Sr0.2Ga0.85Mg0.15O2.825 (LSGM-2015) was investigated and compared to cubic zirconia at 1300 degrees C. The stress exponent for fine-grained LSGM-2015 is close to unity implying the deformation is controlled by diffusional creep or grain boundary sliding accommodated by diffusion. For a given value of applied stress the creep rate of cubic zirconia is about 25 times lower than for LSGM-2015. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Army Res Lab, AMSRL, SE, DC, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. McMaster Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada. RP Wolfenstine, J (reprint author), Army Res Lab, AMSRL, SE, DC, Shady Grove,2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 18 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2738 J9 SOLID STATE IONICS JI Solid State Ion. PD MAR PY 1999 VL 118 IS 3-4 BP 257 EP 259 DI 10.1016/S0167-2738(98)00463-9 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 174QM UT WOS:000079046100009 ER PT J AU Hale, ML Stiles, BG AF Hale, ML Stiles, BG TI Detection of Clostridium perfringens alpha toxin using a capture antibody ELISA SO TOXICON LA English DT Article ID PHOSPHOLIPASE-C; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; BACILLUS-CEREUS; GAS-GANGRENE; CLONING; ENZYME; ASSAY; GENE; SEQUENCE AB Clostridium perfringens phospholipase C (PLC), commonly known as alpha toxin, is the lethal, dermonecrotic toxin produced by all strains and is considered a major virulence factor in clostridial myonecrosis. We developed a capture antibody ELISA that accurately and specifically quantitates alpha toxin produced by C. perfringens. Another PLC, derived from Bacillus cereus, and culture filtrates from various bacterial species including Clostridium bifermentans and Clostridium novyi were not cross-reactive in this ELISA. Standard curves generated with homogenous C. perfringens alpha toxin revealed detection limits of 19 ng/ml. The ELISA was more sensitive in detecting alpha toxin than techniques such as PLC enzymatic activity and mouse lethality assays. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Toxicol, Frederick, MD 21705 USA. RP Hale, ML (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Toxicol, 1425 Porter St,Ft Detrick, Frederick, MD 21705 USA. NR 27 TC 10 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0041-0101 J9 TOXICON JI Toxicon PD MAR PY 1999 VL 37 IS 3 BP 471 EP 484 DI 10.1016/S0041-0101(98)00179-2 PG 14 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 167FT UT WOS:000078622400005 PM 10080352 ER PT J AU Morey, AF MacDonald, MF Rozanski, TA Natarajan, S Thompson, IM AF Morey, AF MacDonald, MF Rozanski, TA Natarajan, S Thompson, IM TI Yield and efficacy of Biopty gun testis needle biopsy SO UROLOGY LA English DT Article AB Objectives, To assess whether a preliminary skin incision enhances diagnostic yield of percutaneous testis biopsy and to further evaluate the clinical efficacy of this procedure. Methods, A total of 45 men (67 testes) underwent testicular biopsy with two passes of a Biopty gun spring-loaded needle. Twenty-seven biopsies were performed without a preliminary skin incision (group 1), and 40 were performed after a small scrotal incision (group 2). In 56 testes, needle biopsy histopathologic diagnosis was compared with that of open biopsy or orchiectomy specimens from the same patient. Needle and surgical specimens were fixed in Bouin's solution and sent separately for independent, blinded, histologic interpretation. Results. Complications of the procedure were negligible. In all 67 needle biopsies, specimen quality was adequate for histopathologic interpretation. The mean number of seminiferous tubules obtained from needle biopsy was 28% higher among patients having a preliminary skin incision (25.9) compared with those without (18.7, P = 0.023), Correlation between needle and open histopathologic diagnosis was excellent (55 of 56, 98%), Conclusions. A preliminary skin incision made before needle biopsy increases the diagnostic yield of percutaneous testis biopsy. Percutaneous testis biopsy using the Biopty gun needle provides equal diagnostic information when compared with open testis biopsy or orchiectomy specimens. The concomitant reduction in morbidity and cost make this an attractive diagnostic procedure. (C) 1999, Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Serv Urol, MCHE,SDU, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Morey, AF (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Serv Urol, MCHE,SDU, Bldg 3600,Room 225-5,3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 13 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0090-4295 J9 UROLOGY JI UROLOGY PD MAR PY 1999 VL 53 IS 3 BP 604 EP 607 DI 10.1016/S0090-4295(98)00551-2 PG 4 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 177DW UT WOS:000079193000029 PM 10096391 ER PT J AU Mosley-Thompson, E Paskievitch, JF Gow, AJ Thompson, LG AF Mosley-Thompson, E Paskievitch, JF Gow, AJ Thompson, LG TI Late 20th Century increase in South Pole snow accumulation SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID ANTARCTIC ICE-SHEET; DYER PLATEAU; RECORD; CLIMATE AB A compilation of the 37-year history of net accumulation at the South Pole [Mosley-Thompson et al., 1995] suggests an increase in net annual accumulation since 1965, This record is sporadic and its quality is compromised by spatially restricted observations and nonsystematic measurement procedures. Results from a new, spatially extensive network of 236 accumulation poles document that the current 5-year (1992-1997) average annual net accumulation at the South Pole is 84.5+/-8.9 mm water equivalent (w.e.). This accumulation rate reflects a 30% increase since the 1960s when the best, although not optimal, records indicate that it was 65 mm w.e. Identification of two prominent beta radioactivity horizons (1954/1955 and 1964/1965) in six firn cores confirms an increase in accumulation since 1965. Viewed from a longer perspective of accumulation provided by ice cores and a snow mine study, the net accumulation of the 30-year period, 1965-1994, is the highest 30-year average of this millennium, Limited data suggest this recent accumulation increase extends beyond the South Pole region and may be characteristic of the high East Antarctic Plateau. Enhanced accumulation over the polar ice sheets has been identified as a potential early indicator of warmer sea surface temperatures and may offset a portion of the current rise in global sea level. C1 Ohio State Univ, Byrd Polar Res Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Geog, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. US Geol Survey, Alaskan Volcano Observ, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. Cold Reg Res Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Mosley-Thompson, E (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Byrd Polar Res Ctr, 1090 Carmack Rd, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM thompson.4@osu.edu NR 49 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD FEB 27 PY 1999 VL 104 IS D4 BP 3877 EP 3886 DI 10.1029/1998JD200092 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 169TF UT WOS:000078764100002 ER PT J AU Wright, JB Pranata, J AF Wright, JB Pranata, J TI Regio- and stereoselectivity in the Diels-Alder reaction of vinylallenes with acrolein: an ab initio study SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE-THEOCHEM LA English DT Article DE Diels-Alder; vinylallene; 1,2,4-pentatriene; acrolein; ab initio; transition states; stereoselectivity; regioselectivity ID TRANSITION STRUCTURES; STEPWISE MECHANISMS; BUTADIENE; ETHYLENE; ABINITIO; DIENES AB To explore the regio- and stereoselectivity in Diets-Alder reactions of vinylallenes with acrolein, a parent vinylallene/acrolein system and a methyl-substituted vinylallene/acrolein system were studied. Ab initio calculations were used to identify eight transition state structures for each of the two Diels-Alder reactions at various computational levels (RHF/6-31G(d), RHF/6-311G(2d), B3LYP/6-311G(2d), and MP2/6-311G(2d)). The relative energies of the endo and exo transition states along with the regioselectivity have been determined from these calculations. In the parent vinylallene/acrolein system, the endo s-cis transition structure is the preferred stereoselectivity at all levels of theory, however, there is no regioselectivity. In the methyl substituted vinylallene/acrolein system, the endo s-trans transition state tends to compete with the endo s-cis transition state at the RHF levels of theory and is 1 kcal/mol more stable at the B3LYP/6-311G(2d) level of theory. Also, in the methyl-substituted system, there is now a definite preference for one regioisomer over the other. Both Diels-Alder reaction systems are asynchronous with the methyl-substituted system being more pronounced. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Edgewood Res Dev & Engn Ctr, SCBRD RTC, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Chem & Biochem, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Wright, JB (reprint author), USA, Edgewood Res Dev & Engn Ctr, SCBRD RTC, Bldg E-3160, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM jbwright@c-mail.apgea.army.mil NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-1280 J9 J MOL STRUC-THEOCHEM JI Theochem-J. Mol. Struct. PD FEB 26 PY 1999 VL 460 IS 1-3 BP 67 EP 78 DI 10.1016/S0166-1280(98)00307-8 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 167TX UT WOS:000078650300008 ER PT J AU Agrawal, PM Sorescu, DC Rice, BM Thompson, DL AF Agrawal, PM Sorescu, DC Rice, BM Thompson, DL TI A model for predicting the solubility of 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-s-triazine (RDX) in supercritical CO2: isothermal-isobaric Monte Carlo simulations SO FLUID PHASE EQUILIBRIA LA English DT Article DE Monte Carlo simulation; supercritical fluid; carbon dioxide; 1,3,5-trinitro-s-triazine; RDX; molecular simulation; chemical potential ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; FLUID MIXTURES; POTENTIALS; MOLECULES AB Isothermal-isobaric Monte Carlo (NPT-MC) simulations and the Widom test particle method were used to predict the solubility of the explosive 1,3,5-trinitro- 1,3,5-s-triazine (RDX) in supercritical CO2. A Lennard-Jones potential energy function was chosen to describe the interaction between RDX and CO2, and calibrated using two experimental solubility values. NPT-MC simulations using this interaction potential predicted solubilities of RDX in CO2 over a temperature range of 308 to 353 K and pressures ranging from 10.4 to 48.3 MPa that were in good agreement with experimental values. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Res Lab, WM, BD,Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Chem, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Vikram Univ, Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh, India. RP Rice, BM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, WM, BD,Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM betsyr@mail.arl.mil NR 36 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3812 J9 FLUID PHASE EQUILIBR JI Fluid Phase Equilib. PD FEB 25 PY 1999 VL 155 IS 2 BP 177 EP 191 DI 10.1016/S0378-3812(98)00471-3 PG 15 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA 177JV UT WOS:000079207600003 ER PT J AU Sorescu, DC Rice, BM Thompson, DL AF Sorescu, DC Rice, BM Thompson, DL TI Molecular packing and molecular dynamics study of the transferability of a generalized nitramine intermolecular potential to non-nitramine crystals SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID ELECTROSTATIC INTERACTIONS; ORGANIC-MOLECULES; X-RAY; 2,4,6-TRINITROTOLUENE; THERMOCHEMISTRY; DENSITY; ESTERS AB We have analyzed the transferability of a previously proposed intermolecular potential for nitramine crystals to reproduce the experimentally determined crystal structures (within the approximation of rigid molecules) of 51 nitro compounds. These compounds include different types of acyclic, monocyclic, and polycyclic molecules. It is shown that this potential model accurately reproduces the experimentally determined crystallographic structures and lattice energies for the majority of these crystals. The best agreement with experimental structural and energetic data is obtained when the electrostatic charges have been determined using ab initio methods that include electron correlation effects, namely MP2 and B3LYP. The use of the electrostatic charges calculated at the Hartree-Fock level results in large differences between the predicted and the experimental values of the lattice energies. This difference can be significantly decreased by scaling the electrostatic charges with a general factor without introducing significant variations of the predicted crystallographic parameters. Further testing of the proposed intermolecular potential has been done by performing isothermal-isobaric molecular dynamics (MD) simulations over the temperature range 100-450 K, at atmospheric pressure, for the monoclinic phase of the 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) crystal and for the polymorphic phase I of the pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN I) crystal. In each case, the results show that throughout the MD simulations the average structures of the crystals maintain the same space group symmetry as the one determined experimentally and there is a good agreement between the calculated crystallographic parameters and the experimental values. The thermal expansion coefficients calculated using the present model indicate an overall anisotropic behavior for both TNT and PETN I, with a thermal isotropy for PETN I along cell directions a and b. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Chem, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Thompson, DL (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Chem, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. NR 90 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD FEB 25 PY 1999 VL 103 IS 8 BP 989 EP 998 DI 10.1021/jp983847e PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 174BR UT WOS:000079014700003 ER PT J AU Bukowski, R Sadlej, J Jeziorski, B Jankowski, P Szalewicz, K Kucharski, SA Williams, HL Rice, BM AF Bukowski, R Sadlej, J Jeziorski, B Jankowski, P Szalewicz, K Kucharski, SA Williams, HL Rice, BM TI Intermolecular potential of carbon dioxide dimer from symmetry-adapted perturbation theory SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INFRARED-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; MOLECULAR-ORBITAL CALCULATIONS; DER-WAALS COMPLEXES; AB-INITIO; INTERACTION ENERGY; SOLID CO2; ELECTROSTATIC INTERACTIONS; VANDERWAALS COMPLEXES; PAIR POTENTIALS; CLUSTER IONS AB A four-dimensional intermolecular potential energy surface for the carbon dioxide dimer has been computed using the many-body symmetry-adapted perturbation theory (SAPT) and a large 5s3p2d1f basis set including bond functions. The SAPT level applied is approximately equivalent to the supermolecular many-body perturbation theory at the second-order level. An accurate fit to the computed data has been obtained in a form of an angular expansion incorporating the asymptotic coefficients computed ab initio at the level consistent with the applied SAPT theory. A simpler site-site fit has also been developed to facilitate the use of the potential in molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo simulations. The quality of the new potential has been tested by computing the values of the second virial coefficient which agree very well with the experimental data over a wide range of temperatures. Our potential energy surface turns out to be substantially deeper than previous ab initio potentials. The minimum of -484 cm(-1) has been found for the slipped parallel geometry at the intermolecular separation R = 3.54 Angstrom and a saddle point at -412 cm(-1) for the T-shaped configuration and R = 4.14 Angstrom. Three minima and two first-order saddle points have been located on the pairwise-additive potential energy surface of the CO(2) trimer. The nonplanar structure of C(2) symmetry has been found to be 48.8 cm(-1) more stable than the cyclic planar form of C(3h) symmetry, in disagreement with experimental observation. It is suggested that the relative stability of the two isomers cannot be reliably determined by pairwise-additive potential and inclusion of three-body forces is necessary for this purpose. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-9606(99)30208-7]. C1 Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. Warsaw Univ, Dept Chem, PL-02093 Warsaw, Poland. Pedag Univ, Inst Phys, PL-42200 Czestochowa, Poland. Silesian Univ, Dept Chem, PL-40006 Katowice, Poland. RP Bukowski, R (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RI Jankowski, Piotr/O-5874-2015 NR 92 TC 230 Z9 232 U1 2 U2 41 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD FEB 22 PY 1999 VL 110 IS 8 BP 3785 EP 3803 DI 10.1063/1.479108 PG 19 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 168AX UT WOS:000078668900022 ER PT J AU Lee, CS Lin, YJ Nalbandian, V AF Lee, CS Lin, YJ Nalbandian, V TI Leaky-wave propagation in a linear microstrip array SO MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE leaky wave; microstrip array AB The fundamental leaky wave propagating in a microstrip array on a dielectric substrate is investigated with a concept of constructive interference. The advantages of the proposed technique over other more rigorous methods are its simplicity and physical insight. Based on such simple analysis, an experimental procedure is introduced for the verification of the existence of the fundamental leaky wave in a microstrip array structure. (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 So Methodist Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. USA, CECOM, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Lee, CS (reprint author), So Methodist Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0895-2477 J9 MICROW OPT TECHN LET JI Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett. PD FEB 20 PY 1999 VL 20 IS 4 BP 261 EP 265 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2760(19990220)20:4<261::AID-MOP11>3.0.CO;2-B PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA 162TC UT WOS:000078362000011 ER PT J AU Sikes, A Ehioba, R AF Sikes, A Ehioba, R TI Feasibility of using food-grade additives to control the growth of Clostridium perfringens SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE C-perfringens; antimicrobial agent; sucrose laurate; BHA; EDTA AB Previously, it was demonstrated that the combination of sucrose laurate (SL) ethylenediaminetetraacetate (E) and butylated hydroxyl anisole (B) (SLEB) was an effective antimicrobial agent against both gram-negative (aerobes) and gram-positive (facultative anaerobes) foodborne bacteria. This investigation examines the sensitivity of Clostridium perfringens to SLEB relative to: (1) the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of SLEB required to inhibit the growth of C. perfringens and (2) the antibacterial effectiveness of different combination ratios of SLEB in fluid thioglycollate medium (FTM). Results indicated that the MIC of SLEB (1:1:1, v/v/v) against C. perfringens on tryptose sulfite cycloserine (TSC) agar was >150 ppm at 37 degrees C. However, in FTM, a SLEB (1:1:1, v/v/v) concentration of > 100 ppm inhibited C. perfringens during an incubation (anaerobic) period of 196 h at 37 degrees C. The sensitivity of C. perfringens to different combination ratios was also investigated in FTM. The results showed that, when the concentrations of SL and E were held at 75 ppm in the SLEB combination, and the concentration of B increased from 0 to 75 ppm, C. perfringens growth increased initially during the first 24 h of incubation (37 degrees C) but remained constant during the next 48 h. Similarly, when concentrations of SL and E were held constant at 150 ppm in the SLEB combination and the B ratio increased from 50 to 150 ppm in FTM, C. perfringens viability decreased in all of the treated samples during 72-h incubation at 37 degrees C. The results indicated that SLEB was an effective inhibitor of C, perfringens growth activities, and the ratios of the components of SLEE can be adjusted to meet specific preservation needs. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science BN. All rights reserved. C1 Abbott Labs, Ross Prod Div, Microbiol Res & Serv, Columbus, OH 43215 USA. USA, Natick Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Soldier Syst Command, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Ehioba, R (reprint author), Abbott Labs, Ross Prod Div, Microbiol Res & Serv, 625 Cleveland Ave, Columbus, OH 43215 USA. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1605 J9 INT J FOOD MICROBIOL JI Int. J. Food Microbiol. PD FEB 18 PY 1999 VL 46 IS 3 BP 179 EP 185 DI 10.1016/S0168-1605(98)00179-2 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 173WG UT WOS:000079002300001 PM 10100897 ER PT J AU Bruno, JD Tober, RL AF Bruno, JD Tober, RL TI Effects of the piezoelectric field on quantum-confined Stark effect in (111)B InGaAs quantum-well structure SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRIC-FIELDS; HETEROSTRUCTURES; SUPERLATTICES; GROWTH; GAAS; DEPENDENCE; ENERGIES; SHIFT AB The quantum-confined Stark effect is studied in a single In.15Ga.85As quantum well embedded within the intrinsic region of a (111) B GaAs p-i-n diode structure. An expression for the density of quasibound quantum well states is derived and used to determine the optical transition energies in the structure. Satisfactory agreement between experimental results and theoretical predictions are obtained only when an In.15Ga.85As piezoelectric constant of e(14) = -0.11(3) C/m(2) is used in the analysis. This value for e(14) is 79% of what one would obtain from a linear interpolation of the binary e(14)s and is significantly different from results obtained by others. Comparisons are made with other work, and speculations are made regarding the cause for the differences. [S0021-8979(99)02704-8]. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Bruno, JD (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM bruno@arl.mil NR 27 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD FEB 15 PY 1999 VL 85 IS 4 BP 2221 EP 2228 DI 10.1063/1.369530 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 163JV UT WOS:000078403000034 ER PT J AU Hall, DA Shoop, BL Loy, JR Ressler, EK Ahadian, JF Fonstad, CG AF Hall, DA Shoop, BL Loy, JR Ressler, EK Ahadian, JF Fonstad, CG TI Performance of GaAs smart pixel components before and after monolithic integration of InGaP LEDs using Epitaxy-on-Electronics technology SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article AB Smart pixel technology provides the ability to integrate complex electronic circuitry with optoelectronic devices to produce signal processing capabilities previously unattainable with a single technology. Epitaxy-on-Electronics (EoE) is a process by which optoelectronic devices are monolithically integrated with electronic circuitry in a common semiconductor material. Here, InGaP LEDs are integrated with GaAs electronic circuitry to produce smart pixel arrays. In this paper, the architecture and experimental characterization of the optical devices of a novel smart pixel implementation of an neural network are presented. Measured performance characteristics are presented for the detectors and LEDs, before and after the EoE process. The experimental results demonstrate limitations in the performance of the detectors and LEDs for use in a full-scale implementation, however, current ongoing improvements in the EoE technology show promise to eliminate these limitations. (C) 1999 Optical Society of America. C1 US Mil Acad, Photon Res Ctr, W Point, NY 10996 USA. US Mil Acad, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, W Point, NY 10996 USA. MIT, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Hall, DA (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Photon Res Ctr, W Point, NY 10996 USA. EM hall@exmail.usma.edu; shoop@exmail.usma.edu; joeah@oevlsi.mit.edu; fonstad@mit.edu NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD FEB 15 PY 1999 VL 4 IS 4 BP 151 EP 160 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 168BB UT WOS:000078669300001 PM 19396269 ER PT J AU Marks, DL Stack, RA Brady, DJ van der Gracht, J AF Marks, DL Stack, RA Brady, DJ van der Gracht, J TI Three-dimensional tomography using a cubic-phase plate extended depth-of-field system SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We use cubic-phase plate imaging to demonstrate an order-of-magnitude improvement in the transverse resolution of three-dimensional objects reconstructed by extended depth-of-field tomography. Our algorithm compensates for the range shear of the cubic-phase approach and uses camera rotation to center the reconstructed volume on a target object point. (C) 1999 Optical Society of America. OCIS codes: 110.6880, 110.6960, 110.4850, 220.1230, 100.1830. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Beckman Inst, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, SE,EO, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Marks, DL (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Beckman Inst, 1406 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI Brady, David/A-6455-2008 NR 11 TC 21 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD FEB 15 PY 1999 VL 24 IS 4 BP 253 EP 255 DI 10.1364/OL.24.000253 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 168EZ UT WOS:000078679700023 PM 18071471 ER PT J AU Komirenko, SM Kim, KW Stroscio, MA Dutta, M AF Komirenko, SM Kim, KW Stroscio, MA Dutta, M TI Dispersion of polar optical phonons in wurtzite quantum wells SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID RAMAN-SCATTERING; ELECTRON AB Dispersion relations for polar optical phonon modes in wurtzite quantum wells (QW's) are obtained in the framework of the dielectric continuum model. It is found that anisotropy of the dielectric medium causes a number of qualitative peculiarities in the phonon spectra. Among these are the absence of the proper confinement for the oscillatory waves located in the QW, inversion of the order of symmetric and antisymmetric quasiconfined optical modes, formation of the finite energy intervals where such confined modes-which are found to be dispersive-can exist, penetration of the half-space phonons into the QW, etc. Some additional peculiarities, such as appearance of propagating modes, strong dispersion of long-wavelength half-space modes, and reduction of the number of interface modes, arise as a result of overlapping characteristic phonon frequencies of the surrounding material and the material of QW. Predicted phonon behavior leads to the conclusion that dependence of dielectric properties of ternary-binary low-dimensional wurtzite heterostructures on composition can serve as a powerful tool for the purposes of phonon spectrum engineering. In order to illustrate these results, the optical phonon spectra are calculated fur an Al0.15Ga0.85N/GaN/Al0.15Ga0.85N an AlN/GaN/AlN QW, and for a GaN dielectric slab. [S0163-1829(99)05907-X]. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Komirenko, SM (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 11 TC 133 Z9 143 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB 15 PY 1999 VL 59 IS 7 BP 5013 EP 5020 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.59.5013 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 169YZ UT WOS:000078778800078 ER PT J AU Manaa, MR Chabalowski, CF AF Manaa, MR Chabalowski, CF TI A theoretical treatment of the intersystem crossing in the spin-forbidden reaction NO(X-2 Pi)+CO(X-1 Sigma(+))-> N(S-4)+CO2(X-1 Sigma(+)(g)) SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID REACTION CH(X2-PI)+N2(X1-SIGMA-G+)->HCN(X1-SIGMA+)+N(4S); MECHANISM; GRADIENT; O(D-1) AB The mechanism of the spin-forbidden reaction NO(X(2)Pi) + CO(X (1)Sigma(+)) --> N(S-4) + CO2(X (1)Sigma(g)(+)) is considered. Two minimum energy points on the doublet-quartet crossing surface are reported using multireference configuration interaction (MRCI) wavefunctions. The lowest-energy crossing point has an approximate C-2v structure resembling the products N + CO2. This region lies 60 kcal/mol above the reactant channel, suggesting that the title reaction would not occur under typical combustion conditions. A higher-energy point with a linear structure is also located. Two local minima on the lowest (2)A " potential energy surface are reported at the QCISD and MRCI levels. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL WM BD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Manaa, MR (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energet Mat Ctr, POB 808,L-282, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM manaa1@llnl.gov NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 12 PY 1999 VL 300 IS 5-6 BP 619 EP 625 DI 10.1016/S0009-2614(98)01414-6 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 166BE UT WOS:000078555700016 ER PT J AU McDonald, BJ Unsell, CW Elam, WT Hudson, KR Adams, JW AF McDonald, BJ Unsell, CW Elam, WT Hudson, KR Adams, JW TI A cone penetrometer X-ray fluorescence tool for the analysis of subsurface heavy metal contamination SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Symposium on Radiation Measurements and Applications CY MAY 11-14, 1998 CL ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN AB Past use of X-ray fluorescence for the analysis of heavy metal contamination in soil was limited to analyzing either collected samples or soil on an exposed surface. To investigate subsurface contamination at even shallow depths, extensive and often expensive drilling or excavation was required to obtain either a sample or an exposed surface. A cone penetrometer X-ray fluorescence tool has been developed by the US Army, Navy and Air Force Site Characterization and Analysis Penetrometer System (SCAPS) to analyze subsurface metal contamination in situ. Using this tool, subsurface metal contamination can be investigated in real time without sampling or excavation. A schematic diagram of the penetrometer tool is provided and operating capabilities are discussed. The results of bench testing and a calibration for lead contaminated standards are presented. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Ft Wayne, IN 46805 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. SFA Inc, Landover, MD 20785 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP McDonald, BJ (reprint author), Univ Toledo, 2801 W Bancroft St, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. NR 7 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD FEB 11 PY 1999 VL 422 IS 1-3 BP 805 EP 808 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(98)01001-8 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 171MY UT WOS:000078868800156 ER PT J AU Kim, KH Klann, RT Raju, BB AF Kim, KH Klann, RT Raju, BB TI Fast neutron radiography for composite materials evaluation and testing SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Symposium on Radiation Measurements and Applications CY MAY 11-14, 1998 CL ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN AB Fast neutron radiography (FNR) employs recoil protons produced by energetic neutrons in a hydrogen-rich plastic sheet through elastic scattering. FNR provides distinctive advantages in non-destructive evaluation (NDE) of thick composite material. Other traditional techniques, such as X-ray and thermal neutron radiography (TNR), do not meet FNRs capabilities in this area. FNR is also capable of detecting flaws and moisture in composite materials significantly greater than 25 mm thick and can penetrate all of the materials that X-rays and TNR cannot. The FNR images are produced directly during exposure; the neutrons create recoil protons, the protons activate a scintillator screen, and the converted images can be viewed within minutes after exposure. Some results of FNR images of composite material produced at Argonne National Laboratory-West-FNR Facility (14.3 MeV) are presented and its imaging techniques are discussed along with their resolution limitations. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 N Carolina Cent Univ, Durham, NC 27707 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83403 USA. USA, TACOM, TARDEC, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Kim, KH (reprint author), N Carolina Cent Univ, Durham, NC 27707 USA. NR 4 TC 9 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD FEB 11 PY 1999 VL 422 IS 1-3 BP 929 EP 932 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(98)01048-1 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 171MY UT WOS:000078868800182 ER PT J AU Ravichandran, D Johnson, ST Erdei, S Roy, R White, WB AF Ravichandran, D Johnson, ST Erdei, S Roy, R White, WB TI Crystal chemistry and luminescence of the Eu2+-activated alkaline earth aluminate phosphors SO DISPLAYS LA English DT Article DE plasma display phosphors; hexaaluminates; Eu-activation ID BETA-ALUMINA; BARIUM; PHASE; GALLATE; EU2+ AB Alkaline earth monoaluminate phosphors activated with Eu2+ were synthesized by microwave processing and alkaline earth hexaaluminate phosphors activated by Eu2+ were synthesized by hydrothermal reactions. The emission spectra of the monoaluminates are similar to phosphors prepared by high-temperature firing except for BaAl2O4 which emits farther in the blue. The spectra of the hexaaluminate phosphors in general have their emission peak at different wavelengths than what are nominally the same compositions prepared by high-temperature firing. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Penn State Univ, Mat Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Ravichandran, D (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 36 TC 127 Z9 146 U1 2 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0141-9382 J9 DISPLAYS JI Displays PD FEB 10 PY 1999 VL 19 IS 4 BP 197 EP 203 DI 10.1016/S0141-9382(98)00050-X PG 7 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA 179BP UT WOS:000079303900007 ER PT J AU Davidov, G Fuks, D Dorfman, S Krasko, GL AF Davidov, G Fuks, D Dorfman, S Krasko, GL TI Volume-dependent potential approach for tungsten SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF QUANTUM CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1996 Sanibel Symposium CY 1996 CL ST AUGUSTINE, FLORIDA DE thermal properties; tungsten; band structure calculations; density-of-states moments ID MO; ENERGY; METALS AB A scheme to produce density-of-states-(DOS)-dependent potentials for d-metals on the basis of the local density approximation calculations is suggested. As an example this scheme is applied to construct a DOS-dependent potential for tungsten. The second moment of the tungsten DOS is calculated. We show that the obtained potentials give a good agreement of cohesive properties with the experimental data. (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Phys, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Mat Engn, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. USA, Res Lab, Mat Directorat, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Dorfman, S (reprint author), Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Phys, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0020-7608 J9 INT J QUANTUM CHEM JI Int. J. Quantum Chem. PD FEB 5 PY 1999 VL 71 IS 4 BP 343 EP 348 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Mathematics; Physics GA 159ZY UT WOS:000078206900007 ER PT J AU O'Malley, PG Kroenke, K Ritter, J Dy, N Pangaro, L AF O'Malley, PG Kroenke, K Ritter, J Dy, N Pangaro, L TI What learners and teachers value most in ambulatory educational encounters: A prospective, qualitative study SO ACADEMIC MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PRECEPTORS STRATEGIES; TEACHING BEHAVIORS; CLINICAL TEACHERS; CRITICAL INCIDENT; CARE MEDICINE; PERCEPTIONS; STUDENTS; RESIDENTS; SETTINGS AB To determine what learners and teachers value most in ambulatory learning encounters and whether the choices of the two groups are in concordance. Method. In 1996, the authors surveyed learners and teachers at a walk-in clinic immediately after each of 103 consecutive learning encounters. The participants answered two open-ended questions: (1) What was the one most valuable aspect of this learning encounter? and (2) List one thing that would make it better. Using qualitative analysis methods, two raters categorized the responses; their agreement was substantial (kappa =.75). Results. Half the responses fit five categories: diagnosis (15%), general management (14%), physical examination skills (9%), patient selection (6%), and time issues (6%), The participants most valued general exposure to diagnosis (29%) and general management issues (29%). Regarding their suggestions for improving the encounters, 33% cited structural issues (often "more time"), while 43% had no suggestions ("nothing" or "fine as is"). Substantial concordance existed between the rankings by category of the teachers' and learners' comments, but (1) learners were more likely to rate the educational value of the encounter excellent or very good (64% vs 47%, p < .01); (2) teachers were more likely than medical students (but not interns) to place the most educational value on the physical examination (30% vs 4%, p = .001); and (3) agreement on what was most valuable in any individual encounter was poor (kappa = .03). Conclusions. In evaluating ambulatory educational encounters, learners and teachers placed highest value on general exposure to diagnosis and disease management; while the most commonly recommended changes related to structural issues, particularly inadequate time. While learners and teachers agreed in general on the relative ranking of teaching activities, they often found different things to be educationally salient in a particular encounter. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med EDP, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Indianapolis, IN USA. Regenstrief Inst Hlth Care, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP O'Malley, PG (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med EDP, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 31 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU HANLEY & BELFUS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 210 S 13TH ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19107 USA SN 1040-2446 J9 ACAD MED JI Acad. Med. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 74 IS 2 BP 186 EP 191 DI 10.1097/00001888-199902000-00017 PG 6 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services GA 168RF UT WOS:000078705800026 PM 10065059 ER PT J AU Yang, YC AF Yang, YC TI Chemical detoxification of nerve agent VX SO ACCOUNTS OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; WARFARE AGENTS; HYDROLYSIS; OXIDATION; MECHANISM; ESTERS; ION C1 USA, Edgewood Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Yang, YC (reprint author), USA, European Res Off, USARDSG UK, PSC 802 Box 15, FPO, AE 09499 USA. NR 42 TC 259 Z9 261 U1 6 U2 38 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0001-4842 J9 ACCOUNTS CHEM RES JI Accounts Chem. Res. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 32 IS 2 BP 109 EP 115 DI 10.1021/ar970154s PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 171AA UT WOS:000078838600002 ER PT J AU Yancey, MK Pierce, B Schweitzer, D Daniels, D AF Yancey, MK Pierce, B Schweitzer, D Daniels, D TI Observations on labor epidural analgesia and operative delivery rates SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE epidural analgesia; cesarean delivery; operative delivery ID CESAREAN DELIVERY; NULLIPAROUS WOMEN; RANDOMIZED TRIAL; 2ND STAGE AB OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to compare operative vaginal and abdominal delivery rates in a large population before and after on-demand labor epidural analgesia became available. STUDY DESIGN: We retrospectively compared patients who gave birth during a 20-month period immediately before the introduction of an on-demand labor epidural analgesia service with those who gave birth during a 20-month period after the epidural usage rate had reached a plateau at approximately 60%. Operative vaginal and cesarean delivery rates were stratified according to parity and history of prior cesarean delivery. RESULTS: A total of 4859 women gave birth during the study period when on-demand epidural analgesia was available, and 4778 women gave birth in the study period before the availability of on-demand epidural analgesia. Comparisons between the women with and those without on-demand availability of epidural analgesia demonstrated no statistically significant differences in the rate of spontaneous vaginal delivery (69.5% vs 68.3%), the overall cesarean delivery rate (19.0% vs 19.4%), the primary cesarean delivery rate (13.2% vs 13.4%), or the operative vaginal delivery rate (11.1% vs 11.9%) between the 2 periods. There wore no statistically significant differences in mean gestational age at the! time of delivery between the 2 groups, whereas there were statistically significant increases in the proportion of nulliparous women and in mean birth weight during the on-demand epidural period. Analysis after substratification of the study groups according to parity also revealed no statistically significant differences in the primary cesarean delivery rate or the proportion of women undergoing vaginal delivery. The sample size was adequate to exclude a 2% increase in the primary cesarean delivery rate between the 2 periods with 80% power. Subgroup analysis of the population of women who gave birth while epidural analgesia was available on request demonstrated that nulliparous parturient women who requested epidural analgesia were almost twice as likely to require operative vaginal or cesarean delivery as women who did not request epidural analgesia, a finding suggesting that women who request labor epidural analgesia have an inherent propensity toward operative delivery. CONCLUSION: The introduction of an on-demand labor epidural analgesia service does not increase the rate of cesarean delivery or operative vaginal delivery. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Yancey, MK (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Mchk Ob,1 Jarrett White Rd, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 16 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 180 IS 2 BP 353 EP 359 DI 10.1016/S0002-9378(99)70213-9 PN 1 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 167UL UT WOS:000078651700017 PM 9988800 ER PT J AU Bender, GN Maglinte, DDT Kloppel, VR Timmons, JH AF Bender, GN Maglinte, DDT Kloppel, VR Timmons, JH TI CT enteroclysis: A superfluous diagnostic procedure or valuable when investigating small-bowel disease? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Review ID FOLLOW C1 Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Radiol Pathol Div, Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Methodist Hosp Indiana, Clarian Hlth, Dept Radiol, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. Klin & Poliklin Diagnost Radiol, Arbeitsbereich Comp Tomog, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany. Madigan Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, MCHJ R, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. RP Bender, GN (reprint author), Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Radiol Pathol Div, Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Bldg 54,Rm 121, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 15 TC 69 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0361-803X J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 172 IS 2 BP 373 EP 378 PG 6 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 159WG UT WOS:000078197900019 PM 9930786 ER PT J AU Katz, DS Hines, J Math, KR Nardi, PM Mindelzun, RE Lane, MJ AF Katz, DS Hines, J Math, KR Nardi, PM Mindelzun, RE Lane, MJ TI Using CT to reveal fat-containing abnormalities of the pancreas SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 Winthrop Univ Hosp, Dept Radiol, Mineola, NY 11501 USA. Beth Israel N Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, New York, NY 10028 USA. Long Isl Coll Hosp, Dept Radiol, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. Stanford Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Katz, DS (reprint author), Winthrop Univ Hosp, Dept Radiol, 259 1st St, Mineola, NY 11501 USA. NR 8 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0361-803X J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 172 IS 2 BP 393 EP 396 PG 4 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 159WG UT WOS:000078197900023 PM 9930790 ER PT J AU Katz, DS Hines, J Lane, MJ Math, KR AF Katz, DS Hines, J Lane, MJ Math, KR TI Fatty mass of the pancreas is not equal to lipoma of the pancreas - Reply SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID CT C1 Winthrop Univ Hosp, Mineola, NY 11501 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Beth Israel Med Ctr, New York, NY 10128 USA. RP Katz, DS (reprint author), Winthrop Univ Hosp, Mineola, NY 11501 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0361-803X J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 172 IS 2 BP 551 EP 552 PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 159WG UT WOS:000078197900061 ER PT J AU Miner, TJ Jaques, DP Tavaf-Motamen, H Shriver, CD AF Miner, TJ Jaques, DP Tavaf-Motamen, H Shriver, CD TI Decision making on surgical palliation based on patient outcome data SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SURGERY LA English DT Review ID CANCER-THERAPY; CARE; PAIN; QUALITY; LIFE; VALIDATION; DEATH AB BACKGROUND: Strategies for the effective application of palliative procedures are infrequently standardized and incompletely understood. The effect on patient outcome as determined by elements such as resolution of chief complaints, quality of life, pain control, morbidity of therapy, and resource utilization should predominate decisions regarding surgical palliative care. METHODS: Articles published between 1990 and 1996 on the surgical palliation of cancer were identified by a MEDLINE search and reviewed for designated parameters considered important for good palliative care. RESULTS: A total of 348 citations were included. Entries considered these fundamental elements: cost (2%); pain control (12%); quality of life (17%); need to repeat the intervention (59%); morbidity and mortality (61%); survival (64%); and physiologic response (69%). Established methods for quality of life and pain assessment were sporadically utilized. CONCLUSIONS: In the current surgical literature, there is uncommon reporting of the range of data required to recommend sound palliative surgical choices. (C). 1999 by Excerpta Medica, Inc. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Gen Surg Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Shriver, CD (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Gen Surg Serv, 6900 Georgia Ave, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 33 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 4 U2 4 PU CAHNERS PUBL CO PI NEW YORK PA 249 WEST 17 STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0002-9610 J9 AM J SURG JI Am. J. Surg. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 177 IS 2 BP 150 EP 154 DI 10.1016/S0002-9610(98)00323-7 PG 5 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 178VM UT WOS:000079289900014 PM 10204560 ER PT J AU Petit, T Aylesworth, C Burris, H Ravdin, P Rodriguez, G Smith, L Peacock, N Smetzer, L Bellet, R Von Hoff, DD Rowinsky, EK AF Petit, T Aylesworth, C Burris, H Ravdin, P Rodriguez, G Smith, L Peacock, N Smetzer, L Bellet, R Von Hoff, DD Rowinsky, EK TI A phase I study of docetaxel and 5-fluorouracil in patients with advanced solid malignancies SO ANNALS OF ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE docetaxel; 5-fluorouracil; phase I ID BREAST-CANCER; PACLITAXEL; CARCINOMA; TRIAL; TAXOTERE(R); EXPERIENCE; TAXOL; DRUG AB Purpose: This study was undertaken to evaluate the feasibility of administering docetaxel (Taxotere; Rhone-Poulenc-Rorer) as a one-hour intravenous (i.v.) infusion on day 1 combined with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) as a bolus i.v. injection for five (days 1-5) or three (days 1-3) consecutive days every four weeks. Patients and methods: Thirty-seven patients with advanced solid malignancies were treated with 115 total courses involving seven dose levels of the two regimens of docetaxel and 5-FU (docetaxel/5-FU [mg/m(2)]/mg/m(2)/d]). In an effort to reduce fluid retention and hypersensitivity phenomena related to docetaxel, patients received premedication with dexamethasone 8 mg orally twice daily for three consecutive days beginning 24 hours before treatment. Results: Severe (grade 4) neutropenia lasting longer than seven days with or without fever and/or severe mucositis, precluded further dose escalation above docetaxel 60 mg/m(2) on day 1 and 5-FU 300 mg/m(2)/day administered on days 1-5 every four weeks. The rates of these toxic effects were also unacceptably high above docetaxel 60 mg/m(2) on day 1 and 5-FU 300 mg/m2/day administered on days 1-3 every four weeks. Nine patients experienced various manifestations of fluid-retention that were potentially related to study drugs. However, neither treatment delay nor discontinuation of treatment was required. Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and fatigue, were mild to modest in severity and occurred infrequently ( < 10% of courses). Two patients with metastatic breast cancer experienced complete responses and a partial response occurred in a patient with metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer. Conclusion. Based on the results of this study, the regimen of docetaxel 60 mg/m(2) on day 1 followed by 5-FU 300 mg/m(2)/d i.v. for three or five days every four weeks is well tolerated and these doses are recommended for further evaluations. The feasibility of administering docetaxel 60 mg/m(2) followed by 5-FU 300 mg/m(2) for three or five days every four weeks and the preliminary antitumor activity noted indicate that further disease-directed studies of docetaxel and 5-FU are warranted in patients with relevant solid malignancies. C1 Canc Therapy & Res Ctr, Inst Drug Dev, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Rhone Poulenc Rorer, Collegeville, PA USA. RP Rowinsky, EK (reprint author), Canc Therapy & Res Ctr, Inst Drug Dev, 8829 Datapoint Dr,Suite 700, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. EM erowinsk@saci.org NR 25 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0923-7534 J9 ANN ONCOL JI Ann. Oncol. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 10 IS 2 BP 223 EP 229 DI 10.1023/A:1008356025108 PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 178VN UT WOS:000079290000021 PM 10093693 ER PT J AU Rokhinson, LP Chen, CJ Tsui, DC Vawter, GA Choi, KK AF Rokhinson, LP Chen, CJ Tsui, DC Vawter, GA Choi, KK TI Quantum grid infrared photodetectors SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GRATING COUPLER; WAVE-GUIDE; EFFICIENCY; GAAS AB In this letter we introduce a quantum well infrared photodetector (QWIP) structure, which we refer to as the quantum grid infrared photodetector (QGIP). In an ideal structure, a grid pattern with very narrow linewidth is created in the QWIP active region to achieve lateral electron confinement, thereby improving its absorption as well as transport characteristics. In order to realize this detector structure, we have fabricated QGIPs with line patterns of lithographical linewidths w(l) ranging from 0.1 to 4 mu m, allowing for possible sidewall depletion. Low-damage reactive ion beam etching was employed to produce vertical sidewalls. From the experimental data, although the best detector performance occurs at w(l)approximate to 1.5 mu m, the detector starts to improve when w(l)<0.5 mu m, indicating a possible quantum confinement effect. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(99)04005-X]. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Rokhinson, LP (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM leonid@ee.princeton.edu RI Choi, Kwong-Kit/K-9205-2013 NR 10 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 1 PY 1999 VL 74 IS 5 BP 759 EP 761 DI 10.1063/1.123302 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 163AG UT WOS:000078379600043 ER PT J AU Kara, AB Ruscher, PH Sen, ZK AF Kara, AB Ruscher, PH Sen, ZK TI Forecast errors in the Florida State University atmospheric boundary layer model (FSU1DPBL) - Part I: Thermal advection effects SO ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE forecast errors; atmospheric boundary layer; thermal advection effects ID SOIL HYDROLOGY; SENSITIVITY; FLUXES AB Short range weather forecasting and atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) processes are studied by using a one-dimensional ABL model where the horizontal advection terms are neglected. The ability of the model, the Florida State University atmospheric boundary layer (FSU1DPBL) model, to forecast minimum temperature is investigated in terms of thermal advection effects. The model is used for 12-, 24-, and 36-h forecasts of minimum temperatures. The minimum temperatures obtained from the model forecasts are compared with observations. The investigation is confined to days meeting criteria representative of clear and calm synoptic conditions. Errors between observations and model results are determined using thermal advection analysis in the boundary layer since horizontal thermal advection affects cooling rates at night. The errors are found to be strongly correlated with thermal advection in the lowest part of the ABL, By carrying out some case studies, it is seen that the model is more prone to errors in dry conditions. It is also confirmed that the strong thermal advection aloft getting closer and closer to the ground largely explains the difference in minimum temperatures between the model and observations. The results show that the model is also a useful tool for the short-range weather forecasting since it is not computationally expensive, The model is able to simulate well the nighttime minimum temperatures, and can be used operationally. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Florida State Univ, Dept Meteorol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Istanbul Tech Univ, Dept Meteorol, TR-80626 Istanbul, Turkey. RP Kara, AB (reprint author), NASA, USA, Ammunizat Plant, Sverdrup,Stennis Space Ctr, Bldg 9101, Bay St Louis, MS 39529 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0169-8095 J9 ATMOS RES JI Atmos. Res. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 50 IS 2 BP 119 EP 131 DI 10.1016/S0169-8095(98)00093-3 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 163KC UT WOS:000078403700004 ER PT J AU Kara, AB Ruscher, PH Sen, Z AF Kara, AB Ruscher, PH Sen, Z TI Forecast errors in the Florida State University atmospheric boundary layer model (FSU1DPBL) - Part II: Statistical investigation SO ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE FSU1DPBL; heat fluxes; daily maximum temperature drop ID SOIL HYDROLOGY; INVERSION; RADIATION AB The performance of Florida State University atmospheric boundary layer model (FSU1DPBL) in predicting the daily maximum temperature drop is investigated with respect to sensible and latent heat fluxes, Turbulent exchanges in the surface boundary layer are taken into account in the model. Nocturnal atmospheric boundary layer heights obtained from the FSU1DPBL model are compared with those obtained from other model formulations, and stability conditions of the ABL are discussed to derive information concerning the prediction of minimum temperature, It is explained that a growth in the ABL at night can occur under cloudy and/or windy conditions in the model, causing a bias as high as 5 degrees C in predicting the daily minimum temperature. The usual similarity theory for the stable boundary layer leads to a significant overestimation of surface cooling in the model. From the model perspective, the success of the 12-h model forecast in predicting minimum temperature compared to that of the 24-h and 36-h forecasts is explained. The results show the prediction of nocturnal ABL height under the extremely stable and moderately stable cases by the model yields acceptable values in comparison with other model formulations. The ABL height from the model can be replaced by an interpolation formula to yield more realistic values under very stable conditions at night. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Florida State Univ, Dept Meteorol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Istanbul Tech Univ, Dept Meteorol, TR-80626 Istanbul, Turkey. RP Kara, AB (reprint author), NASA, USA, Ammunizat Plant, Sverdrup,Stennis Space Ctr, Bldg 9101, Bay St Louis, MS 39529 USA. EM kara@nrlssc.navy.mil NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0169-8095 J9 ATMOS RES JI Atmos. Res. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 50 IS 2 BP 133 EP 149 DI 10.1016/S0169-8095(98)00094-5 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 163KC UT WOS:000078403700005 ER PT J AU Brandt, HE AF Brandt, HE TI Finslerian fields in the spacetime tangent bundle SO CHAOS SOLITONS & FRACTALS LA English DT Article ID HAGEDORN TEMPERATURE; COMPLEX SPACETIME; STRINGS; GEOMETRY; TORSION AB Finslerian fields are investigated in the arena of the maximal-acceleration invariant spacetime tangent bundle. A variety of differential-geometric Finslerian fields are exposited. The structure of Finslerian quantum fields receives particular emphasis. Also, possible generalized actions are proposed for Finslerian strings and p-branes. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 38 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0960-0779 EI 1873-2887 J9 CHAOS SOLITON FRACT JI Chaos Solitons Fractals PD FEB-MAR PY 1999 VL 10 IS 2-3 BP 267 EP 282 DI 10.1016/S0960-0779(98)00113-1 PG 16 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 179BB UT WOS:000079302700009 ER PT J AU Kelly, WF Crawley, EA Vick, DJ Hurwitz, KM AF Kelly, WF Crawley, EA Vick, DJ Hurwitz, KM TI Spontaneous partial expectoration of an endobronchial carcinoid SO CHEST LA English DT Article DE bronchial adenoma; carcinoid; expectoration; pulmonary; sputum ID FOLLOW-UP; TUMORS; LUNG AB Typical pulmonary carcinoid tumors often present as proximal endobronchial masses discovered during the evaluation of cough and/or hemoptysis. We present a case of a carcinoid tumor that presented with spontaneous partial expectoration. A review of the literature revealed 16 cases of expectoration of fragments from various primary and metastatic tumors. Our case appears to be the first report of the expectoration of a carcinoid tumor. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Pulm & Crit Care Med Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Area lab Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Kelly, WF (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 USA SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD FEB PY 1999 VL 115 IS 2 BP 595 EP 598 DI 10.1378/chest.115.2.595 PG 4 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 166BK UT WOS:000078556200051 PM 10027470 ER PT J AU Ballard, JN AF Ballard, JN TI Managing Corps issues SO CIVIL ENGINEERING LA English DT Letter C1 USA, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Ballard, JN (reprint author), USA, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA SN 0885-7024 J9 CIVIL ENG JI Civil Eng. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 69 IS 2 BP 7 EP 7 PG 1 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 163NE UT WOS:000078411100002 ER PT J AU Browning, SE Caver, TF AF Browning, SE Caver, TF TI Managing Corps issues SO CIVIL ENGINEERING LA English DT Letter C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Washington, DC 20314 USA. RP Browning, SE (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Washington, DC 20314 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA SN 0885-7024 J9 CIVIL ENG JI Civil Eng. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 69 IS 2 BP 7 EP 7 PG 1 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 163NE UT WOS:000078411100004 ER PT J AU Diab, SG Baker, SD Joshi, A Burris, HA Cobb, PW Villalona-Calero, RA Eckhardt, SG Weiss, GR Rodriguez, GI Drengler, R Kraynak, M Hammond, L Finizio, M Von Hoff, DD Rowinsky, EK AF Diab, SG Baker, SD Joshi, A Burris, HA Cobb, PW Villalona-Calero, RA Eckhardt, SG Weiss, GR Rodriguez, GI Drengler, R Kraynak, M Hammond, L Finizio, M Von Hoff, DD Rowinsky, EK TI A phase I and pharmacokinetic study of losoxantrone and paclitaxel in patients with advanced solid tumors SO CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID METASTATIC BREAST-CANCER; 3-HOUR INFUSION; DOXORUBICIN; ANTHRAPYRAZOLES; INHIBITION; AGENTS; CELLS; ANTHRACYCLINES; CHEMOTHERAPY; CYTOTOXICITY AB A Phase I and pharmacological study was performed to evaluate the feasibility, maximum tolerated dose (MTD), dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs), and pharmacokinetics of the anthrapyrazole losoxantrone in combination with paclitaxel in adult patients with advanced solid malignancies. Losoxantrone was administered as a 10-min infusion in combination with paclitaxel on either a 24- or 3-h schedule, The starting dose level was 40 mg/m(2) losoxantrone and 135 mglm(2) paclitaxel (as a 24- or 3-h i.v. infusion) without granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), Administration of these agents at the starting dose level and dose escalation was feasible only with G-CSF support, The following dose levels (losoxantrone/paclitaxel, in mg/m(2)) of losoxantrone and paclitaxel as a 3-h infusion were also evaluated: 50/135, 50/175, 50/200, 50/225, and 60/225, The sequence-dependent toxicological and pharmacological effects of losoxantrone and paclitaxel on the 24- and 3-h schedules of paclitaxel were also assessed. The MTD was defined as the dose at which >50% of the patients experienced DLT during the first two courses of therapy. DLTs, mainly myelosuppression, occurring during the first course of therapy were noted in four of six and five of eight patients treated with 40 mg/m(2) losoxantrone and 135 mg/m(2) paclitaxel over 24 and 3 h, respectively, without G-CSF, DLTs during the first two courses of therapy were observed in one of six patients at the 50/175 (losoxantrone/paclitaxel) mg/m(2) dose level, two of four patients at the 50/200 mg/m(2) dose level, one of four patients at the 50/225 mg/m(2) dose level, and two of five patients at the 60/225 mg/m(2) dose level. The degree of thrombocytopenia was worse, albeit not statistically significant, when 24-h paclitaxel preceded losoxantrone, with a mean percentage decrement in platelet count during course 1 of 80.7%, compared to 43.8% with the reverse sequence (P = 0.19), Losoxantrone clearance was not significantly altered by the sequence or schedule of paclitaxel, Cardiac toxicity was observed; however, it was not related to total cumulative dose of losoxantrone, An unacceptably high rate of DLTs at the first dose level of 40 mg/m(2) losoxantrone and 135 mg/m(2) paclitaxel administered as either a 24- or 3-h i.v. infusion precluded dose escalation without G-CSF support. The addition of G-CSF to the regimen permitted further dose escalation without reaching the MTD, Losoxantrone at 50 mg/m(2) followed by paclitaxel (3-h i.v. infusion) at 175 mg/m(2) with G-CSF support is recommended for further clinical trials. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78234 USA. Inst Drug Dev, San Antonio, TX 78234 USA. Canc Therapy & Res Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78234 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78234 USA. Dupont Merck Pharmaceut Co, Wilmington, DE 19880 USA. RP Diab, SG (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Div Med Oncol, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI BIRMINGHAM PA PO BOX 11806, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35202 USA SN 1078-0432 J9 CLIN CANCER RES JI Clin. Cancer Res. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 5 IS 2 BP 299 EP 308 PG 10 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 166ZR UT WOS:000078608500010 PM 10037178 ER PT J AU Eror, AT Stojadinovic, A Starnes, BW Makrides, SC Tsokos, GC Shea-Donohue, T AF Eror, AT Stojadinovic, A Starnes, BW Makrides, SC Tsokos, GC Shea-Donohue, T TI Antiinflammatory effects of soluble complement receptor type 1 promote rapid recovery of ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat small intestine SO CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE intestine; ischemia/reperfusion; neutrophil; leukotriene B-4; soluble complement receptor type 1 ID MEDIATED TISSUE-INJURY; ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION; INFLAMMATION; LEUKOTRIENE-B4; ACTIVATION; INHIBITION; REJECTION; RADICALS; BLOCKADE; DAMAGE AB We examined the effect of soluble complement receptor type I (sCR1) on mucosal injury and inflammation in a rat model of ischemia/reperfusion. Groups of vehicle- and sCR1-treated rats underwent 30 min of mesenteric ischemia followed by 60 or 120 min of reperfusion. When compared to vehicle-treated rats, treatment with sCR1 (12 mg/kg) prior to 120 min of reperfusion significantly reduced mucosal injury, neutrophil infiltration, leukotriene B-4 production, and restored villus height to control levels. The protective effect of sCR1 evident at 120 min of reperfusion was not observed at 60 min of reperfusion despite rapid inactivation of complement. These data suggest that complement inhibition minimized mucosal disruption by facilitating mucosal restitution or interrupting the inflammatory process. Delayed administration of sCR1 for 30 or 60 min into the reperfusion period progressively reduced the protection. sCR1-mediated rapid recovery of rat intestine after ischemia/reperfusion underscores the fundamental role of complement activation in neutrophil-mediated tissue injury. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Clin Physiol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. PRAECIS Pharmaceut Inc, Dept Cell Biol, Cambridge, MA USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Eror, AT (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 38 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1521-6616 J9 CLIN IMMUNOL JI Clin. Immunol. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 90 IS 2 BP 266 EP 275 DI 10.1006/clim.1998.4635 PG 10 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 176WW UT WOS:000079175900015 PM 10080839 ER PT J AU Ohrt, C Tang, D AF Ohrt, C Tang, D TI Impact of microscopy error on protective efficacy estimates in malaria prevention trials. SO CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0009-9236 J9 CLIN PHARMACOL THER JI Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 65 IS 2 MA PI69 BP 134 EP 134 DI 10.1016/S0009-9236(99)80069-1 PG 1 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 169KR UT WOS:000078747600070 ER PT J AU Sobey, RJ Hughes, SA AF Sobey, RJ Hughes, SA TI A locally nonlinear interpretation of PUV measurements SO COASTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE data processing; marine environment; mathematical methods; measurements; ocean waves; time domain analysis ID FOURIER AB A time domain method is presented for analyzing simultaneous measurements of pressure and the horizontal components of velocity obtained beneath irregular multidirectional wave fields. This new method differs from the usual linear directional analyses applied to PUV data in two important aspects. First, the essential nonlinearity of the measured waves is not sacrificed to achieve a solution. Therefore, predictions of sea surface elevation and directional kinematics throughout the water column accurately portray the actual nonlinear character of the waves. Second, the analysis method is 'local' in that it can be applied to segments of PUV time series much shorter than an individual wave, The viability of the locally nonlinear methodology developed in this paper is proven by demonstrating agreement with higher-order theoretical steady waves. predictions of sea surface elevation and wave kinematics are also made using actual measurements from PUV instruments at two ocean sites off the west coast of the United States. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Sobey, RJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 539 Davis Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM sobey@ce.berkeley.edu NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3839 J9 COAST ENG JI Coast. Eng. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 36 IS 1 BP 17 EP 36 DI 10.1016/S0378-3839(98)00047-7 PG 20 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 169YY UT WOS:000078778700002 ER PT J AU Larson, MA Kraus, NC Wise, RA AF Larson, MA Kraus, NC Wise, RA TI Equilibrium beach profiles under breaking and non-breaking waves SO COASTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE beach profile; equilibrium; waves; surf zone; offshore zone; sediment transport AB Simple theoretical models to determine the equilibrium profile shape under breaking and non-breaking waves are presented. For the case of breaking waves, it is assumed that the seaward transport in the: undertow is locally balanced by a net vertical sedimentation, so that no bottom changes occur at equilibrium. The parameterization of the water and sediment flux in the surf zone yields a power curve for the equilibrium profile with a power of 2/3, which is in agreement with previous field investigations on surf zone profile shapes. Three different models were developed to derive the profile shape under non-breaking waves, namely (1) a variational formulation where the wave energy dissipation in the bottom boundary layer is minimized over the part of the profile affected by non-breaking waves, (2) an integration of a small-scale sediment transport formula over a wave period where the slope conditions that yield zero net transport determine equilibrium, and (3) a conceptual formulation of mechanisms for onshore and offshore sediment transport where a balance between the mechanisms defines equilibrium conditions. All three models produced equilibrium profile shapes of power-type with the power typically in the range 0.15-0.30, Comparison with field data supported the results obtained indicating different powers for the equilibrium profile shape under breaking and non-breaking waves. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Lund, Lund Inst Technol, Dept Water Resources Engn, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Larson, MA (reprint author), Univ Lund, Lund Inst Technol, Dept Water Resources Engn, Box 118, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. NR 51 TC 55 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3839 J9 COAST ENG JI Coast. Eng. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 36 IS 1 BP 59 EP 85 DI 10.1016/S0378-3839(98)00049-0 PG 27 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 169YY UT WOS:000078778700004 ER PT J AU Altman, CE Hamill, R Pujals, J AF Altman, CE Hamill, R Pujals, J TI Multiple cutaneous granular cell tumors of the scrotum SO CUTIS LA English DT Article ID SOFT-TISSUE TUMORS; PENIS AB A 55-year-old black man with two firm intradermal nodules of the scrotum is presented. On histopathologic examination, the nodules were determined to be cutaneous granular cell tumors. This was confirmed by strong immunohistochemical reactivity to S-100 protein, There are no previous reports of multiple granular cell tumors of the male genitalia. Only one report of a solitary granular cell tumor of the scrotum appears in the literature. C1 Dwight David Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. Dwight David Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. RP Hamill, R (reprint author), Dwight David Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 245 WEST 17TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0011-4162 J9 CUTIS JI Cutis PD FEB PY 1999 VL 63 IS 2 BP 77 EP 80 PG 4 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 167PP UT WOS:000078642700007 PM 10071734 ER PT J AU Cole, MW Hubbard, C Fountzoulas, CG Demaree, D Natarajan, A Miller, RA Zhu, D Xie, K AF Cole, MW Hubbard, C Fountzoulas, CG Demaree, D Natarajan, A Miller, RA Zhu, D Xie, K TI The reliability of Ni contacts to n-SiC subjected to pulsed thermal fatigue SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OHMIC CONTACT; GAAS AB Laboratory experiments which mimic the acute cyclic thermal loading characteristic of pulsed power device switching operation have been developed. Ni contacts to n-SiC were the device components selected for cyclic thermal testing. Modifications of the contact-SiC materials properties in response to cyclic thermal fatigue were quantitatively assessed via Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, nanoindentation testing, and current-voltage measurements. Decreases in nanohardness and elastic modulus were observed in response to thermal fatigue. No compositional modifications were observed at the metal- semiconductor interface. Our results demonstrated that the majority of the material changes were initiated after the first thermal pulse and that the effects of subsequent thermal cycling (up to 10 pulses) were negligible. The stability of the metal- semiconductor interface after exposure to repeated pulsed thermal cycling lends support for the utilization of Ni as a contact metallization for pulsed power switching applications. (C) 1999 The Electrochemical Society. S1099- 0062( 98) 09- 049- X. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Baltimore, MD 21213 USA. NASA, Lewis Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. Anadig, Warren, NJ 07069 USA. RP Cole, MW (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM mcole@arl.mil NR 16 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 2 IS 2 BP 97 EP 99 DI 10.1149/1.1390747 PG 3 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 185YE UT WOS:000079697800016 ER PT J AU Abad, V Uyeda, JA Temple, HT de Luca, F Baron, J AF Abad, V Uyeda, JA Temple, HT de Luca, F Baron, J TI Determinants of spatial polarity in the growth plate SO ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENDOCHONDRAL BONE-FORMATION; CARTILAGE; CHONDROCYTE; MECHANISM; RABBIT AB Growth of long bones occurs at the growth plate, a layer of cartilage that separates the epiphysis from the metaphysis. Growth plate exhibits spatial polarity. Proliferative chondrocytes undergo terminal differentiation when they approach the metaphyseal, but not the epiphyseal, border of the growth plate. The adjacent bone also exhibits spatial polarity. Metaphyseal, but not epiphyseal, blood vessels and bone cells invade the adjacent growth plate, remodeling it into bone. As a result, the metaphysis, but not the epiphysis, elongates over time. To determine whether cartilage polarity determines bone polarity and/or whether bone polarity determines cartilage polarity, rabbit distal ulnar growth plates were excised, inverted, and reimplanted in their original beds. Thus, cartilage polarity was inverted relative to bone polarity. Histological examination showed that the inverted cartilage polarity was maintained over time. In contrast, the polarity of the adjacent bone reversed after surgery, to match that of the cartilage. Blood vessel and bone cell invasion ceased in the metaphysis and arose in the epiphysis. Longitudinal bone growth (measured with weekly radiographs) occurred at the epiphyseal, not at the metaphyseal, surface of the growth plate. We conclude that the polarity of growth plate cartilage is determined by intrinsic factors. The cartilage polarity then determines the polarity of the adjacent bone and, consequently, the functional polarity of longitudinal bone growth. C1 NICHHD, Dev Endocrinol Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Baron, J (reprint author), NICHHD, Dev Endocrinol Branch, NIH, Bldg 10,Room 10N262,10 Ctr Dr,MSC 1862, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM jeffrey_baron@nih.gov NR 16 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0013-7227 EI 1945-7170 J9 ENDOCRINOLOGY JI Endocrinology PD FEB PY 1999 VL 140 IS 2 BP 958 EP 962 DI 10.1210/en.140.2.958 PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 158ZX UT WOS:000078148300054 PM 9927329 ER PT J AU Boorman, GA Dellarco, V Dunnick, JK Chapin, RE Hunter, S Hauchman, F Gardner, H Cox, M Sills, RC AF Boorman, GA Dellarco, V Dunnick, JK Chapin, RE Hunter, S Hauchman, F Gardner, H Cox, M Sills, RC TI Drinking water disinfection byproducts: Review and approach to toxicity evaluation SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE trihalomethanes; haloacetic acids; chloroform; drinking water; dibromoacetic acid; trichloroacetic acid; dichloroacetic acid; MX; toxicology; animal studies; carcinogenesis; alternate species ID CHLORINATION BY-PRODUCTS; AQUARIUM FISH MODELS; MALE B6C3F1 MOUSE; DICHLOROACETIC ACID; POTASSIUM BROMATE; ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGENESIS; TRICHLOROACETIC-ACID; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; ORYZIAS-LATIPES; TUMOR-INDUCTION AB There is widespread potential for human exposure to disinfection byproducts (DBPs) in drinking water because everyone drinks, bathes, cooks, and cleans with water. The need for clean and safe water led the U.S. Congress to pass the Safe Drinking Water Act more than 20 years ago in 1974. In 1976, chloroform, a trihalomethane (THM) and a principal DBP, was shown to be carcinogenic in rodents. This prompted the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) in 1979 to develop a drinking water rule that would provide guidance on the levels of THMs allowed in drinking water. Further concern was raised by epidemiology studies suggesting a weak association between the consumption of chlorinated drinking water and the occurrence of bladder, colon, and rectal cancer. In 1992 the U.S. EPA initiated a negotiated rulemaking to evaluate the need for additional controls for microbial pathogens and DBPs. The goal was to develop an approach that would reduce the level of exposure from disinfectants and DBPs without undermining the control of microbial pathogens. The product of these deliberations was a proposed stage 1 DBP rule. It was agreed that additional information was necessary on how to optimize the use of disinfectants while maintaining control of pathogens before further controls to reduce exposure beyond stage 1 were warranted. In response to this need, the U.S. EPA developed a 5-year research plan to support the development of the longer term rules to control microbial pathogens and DBPs. A considerable body of toxicologic data has been developed on DBPs that occur in the drinking water, but the main emphasis has been on THMs. Given the complexity of the problem and the need for additional data to support the drinking water DBP rules, the U.S. EPA, the National institute of Environmental Health Sciences, and the U.S. Army are working together to develop a comprehensive biologic and mechanistic DBP database. Selected DBPs will be tested using 2-year toxicity and carcinogenicity studies in standard rodent models, transgenic mouse models and small fish models; in vitro mechanistic and toxicokinetic studies; and reproductive, immunotoxicity, and developmental studies, The goal is to create a toxicity database that reflects a wide range of DBPs resulting from different disinfection practices. This paper describes the approach developed by these agencies to provide the information needed to make scientifically based regulatory decisions. C1 NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. USA, Ctr Environm Hlth Res, Ft Detrick, MD USA. RP Boorman, GA (reprint author), NIEHS, MD B3-08,POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM boorman@niehs.nih.gov OI Chapin, Robert/0000-0002-5997-1261 NR 95 TC 198 Z9 207 U1 16 U2 149 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 107 SU 1 BP 207 EP 217 DI 10.2307/3434484 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 170TW UT WOS:000078823800018 PM 10229719 ER PT J AU Center, TD Dray, FA Jubinsky, GP Grodowitz, MJ AF Center, TD Dray, FA Jubinsky, GP Grodowitz, MJ TI Biological control of water hyacinth under conditions of maintenance management: Can herbicides and insects be integrated? SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Eichhornia crassipes; Neochetina eichhorniae; Neochetina bruchi; phytophagy; integrated control; aquatic weeds ID NEOCHETINA-EICHHORNIAE COLEOPTERA; CRASSIPES MART SOLMS; LEAF DYNAMICS; GROWTH; PLANT; CURCULIONIDAE; FLORIDA AB We hypothesized that repeated herbicidal (maintenance) control of water hyacinth infestations in Florida suppressed biological control agent populations, especially the weevils Neochetina eichhorniae and N. bruchi. We therefore sampled water hyacinth and weevil populations at 54 sites distributed statewide. Half were under maintenance control, half were not treated with herbicides. General site conditions were assessed, demographic data were collected on weevil and plant populations, the reproductive condition of the weevils was determined, and plant nutrient and proximate composition of water hyacinth leaves were analyzed. Water hyacinth infestations under maintenance control were minimal when compared to unmanaged sites. Likewise, on a population basis, all weevil cohorts were much lower due to the paucity of plants. Plants at unmanaged sites, where weevil intensities were much higher, suffered high levels of stress and showed low growth potential. Lower percentages of the female weevils were reproductive at unmanaged sites when compared to managed sites, so densities of reproductives and immatures were similar at both site types. Reproductive status of the weevils improved with increased plant quality. Plant quality, in turn, declined as stresses arising from weevil feeding increased. Plant quality was positively correlated with plant growth potential and flower production. Thus, maintenance control improved plant nutritive quality thereby inducing reproductive vigor of the weevils, but ensuring plant regrowth and the need for future control. This suggests that biological and herbicidal controls should be integrated, using herbicides to maintain water hyacinth infestations below management thresholds but in a manner that conserves biological control agent populations. This approach would lead to improved plant nutritional quality that would, in turn, stimulate reproduction in biological control agent populations. C1 USDA ARS, Aquat Plant Control Res, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. Florida Dept Environm Protect, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA. USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Center, TD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Aquat Plant Control Res, 3205 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. NR 40 TC 60 Z9 63 U1 3 U2 9 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 23 IS 2 BP 241 EP 256 DI 10.1007/s002679900183 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 152GC UT WOS:000077767300010 ER PT J AU Caretti, DM AF Caretti, DM TI Signal detection capability during uninterrupted full face-piece respirator wear SO ERGONOMICS LA English DT Article DE respirator; vision; field of view; signal detection; reaction time; males and females ID COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE; VISUAL-FIELD; PREVALENCE; MASK AB This study investigated the differences between conditions of full face-piece respirator wear and no respirator wear over 9 h on subject ability to detect stimuli dispersed throughout the visual field. Signal detection was assessed at the beginning of each trial and after 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 h of testing in six male and three female subjects by measuring response times to 32 randomly presented stimulus lights located within a perimeter designed specifically for this purpose. Average reaction time increased with greater peripheralization of the light signals within each experimental condition. Group mean reaction time for each peripheral ring of stimuli (12, 38, 64 and 90 degrees) showed that impairments were significantly greater for the respirator wear condition compared with the control condition at all peripheral stimulus locations. For the unmasked condition, female subjects demonstrated significantly faster response times than males at peripheral stimulus locations of 12 degrees (p < 0.002), 64 degrees (p < 0.001), and 90 degrees (p < 0.01). However, respirator wear resulted in comparable response times between sexes for each peripheral stimulus ring with the exception of stimuli located 12 degrees from the perimeter's centre. No progressive effect of respirator wear on signal detection capability over the duration of the test was observed, suggesting that the degradation of signal detection capability caused by full face-piece respirator wear occurs immediately and persists throughout the period of wear. The findings of this study emphasize that decreased operational effectiveness in situations requiring full face-piece respirator wear should be expected. C1 USA, Ctr Dev & Engn, Edgewood Res, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Caretti, DM (reprint author), USA, Ctr Dev & Engn, Edgewood Res, Bldg E-5604, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON EC4A 3DE, ENGLAND SN 0014-0139 J9 ERGONOMICS JI Ergonomics PD FEB PY 1999 VL 42 IS 2 BP 376 EP 384 DI 10.1080/001401399185720 PG 9 WC Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Engineering; Psychology GA 162HY UT WOS:000078341200009 ER PT J AU Butler, CD Boggess, G Bridges, S AF Butler, CD Boggess, G Bridges, S TI Knowledge based planning of military engineering tasks SO EXPERT SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE genetic algorithms; scheduling; explanation; knowledge-based planning AB Software to support military planning must integrate information from a wide variety of sources to address a number of different types of tasks. A hybrid system has been developed which integrates combat engineering analytical decision models, a tactical database, a geographic information system, and artificial intelligence (AI) applications to support the planning and execution of countermobility tasks by combat engineers. The use of multiple Al components embedded in a large system provides a means of representing expertise for several different types of tasks thereby allowing the system to respond to changing battlefield situations. The Al applications include a genetic algorithm application for scheduling engineering tasks and knowledge-based models for courses of action (COA) analysis. A general method for generation of hypertext explanations has been developed to summarize and present explanations of the results of the COA analysis. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Informat Technol Lab, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Butler, CD (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Informat Technol Lab, Waterways Expt Stn, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0957-4174 J9 EXPERT SYST APPL JI Expert Syst. Appl. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 16 IS 2 BP 221 EP 232 DI 10.1016/S0957-4174(98)00072-4 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 178CC UT WOS:000079247600011 ER PT J AU Hirota, WK Loughney, TM Lazas, DJ Maydonovitch, CL Rholl, V Wong, RKH AF Hirota, WK Loughney, TM Lazas, DJ Maydonovitch, CL Rholl, V Wong, RKH TI Specialized intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia, and cancer of the esophagus and esophagogastric junction: Prevalence and clinical data SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 97th Annual Meeting of the American-Gastroenterological-Association, Digestive Disease Week CY MAY 10-16, 1997 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Amer Gastroenterol Assoc ID HELICOBACTER-PYLORI INFECTION; SEGMENT BARRETTS-ESOPHAGUS; GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE; GASTRIC CARDIA; FOLLOW-UP; ADENOCARCINOMA; EPITHELIUM; FEATURES; ACID AB Background & Aims: Adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and esophagogastric junction (EGJ) is increasing, the earliest lesion being specialized intestinal metaplasia (SIM). This study determined the prevalence and demographic features of patients with SIM, dysplasia, and cancer in the esophagus and EGJ. Methods: Two antegrade biopsy specimens were taken distal to the squamocolumnar junction (SCJ) and any tongues of pink mucosa proximal to the SCJ. Patients were categorized endoscopically and histologically as having long-segment (LSBE) or short-segment Barrett's esophagus (SSBE), EGJ-SIM, or a normal EGJ. Results: Of 889 patients studied, 56 were undergoing esophagoduodenoscopy screening or surveillance and were not included in the prevalence calculation. The overall prevalence of SIM was 13.2%, with 1.6% LSBE, 6.0% SSBE, and 5.6% EGJ-SIM. Dysplasia or cancer was noted in 31% of LSBE, 10% of SSBE, and 6.4% of EGJ-SIM patients (P less than or equal to 0.043). Two cancers were associated with LSBE, 1 with SSBE, and 1 with EGJ-SIM. Patients with LSBE and SSBE were predominantly white (P less than or equal to 0.001), male (P less than or equal to 0.009), and smokers (P less than or equal to 0.004), with LSBE patients having a longer history of heartburn (P less than or equal to 0.009). In contrast, patients with EGJ-SIM were similar in gender and ethnicity to the reference group, tended to be older (P less than or equal to 0.05), drank less alcohol (P less than or equal to 0.02), and had a higher prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection (P less than or equal to 0.05). Conclusions: The prevalence of SSBE and EGJ-SIM is similar, but each entity is 3.5 times more prevalent than LSBE. However, the prevalence of dysplasia in LSBE is 2 times greater than in SSBE and 4 times greater than in EGJ-SIM. Demographically, EGJ-SIM patients are different from patients with Barrett's esophagus and have a higher prevalence of H. pylori infection. These data help to explain the increasing incidence of adenocarcinoma of the distal esophagus and EGJ. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Div Gastroenterol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Div Gastroenterol, 6900 Georgia Ave NW,Bldg 2,Room 7F, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 44 TC 338 Z9 344 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0016-5085 EI 1528-0012 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD FEB PY 1999 VL 116 IS 2 BP 277 EP 285 DI 10.1016/S0016-5085(99)70123-X PG 9 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 161JR UT WOS:000078285900013 PM 9922307 ER PT J AU Peri, SP Bhadti, VS Somerville-Armstrong, KS Liang, R Macdonald, VW Hosmane, RS AF Peri, SP Bhadti, VS Somerville-Armstrong, KS Liang, R Macdonald, VW Hosmane, RS TI Affinity reagents for cross-linking hemoglobin: Bis(phenoxycarbonylethyl)phosphinic acid (BPCEP) and bis(3-nitrophenoxycarbonylethyl)phosphinic acid (BNCEP) SO HEMOGLOBIN LA English DT Article ID LINKED HUMAN HEMOGLOBIN; BIS(3,5-DIBROMOSALICYL) FUMARATE; PROTEIN MODIFICATION; THERMAL-STABILITY; SUBUNITS; BLOOD; CROSSLINKING; SUBSTITUTES; SITE AB Synthesis and properties of two new macrobiomolecular cross-linking reagents, bis(phenoxycarbonylethyl) phosphinic acid (BPCEP) and bis(3-nitrophenoxycarbonylethyl)phosphinic acid (BNCEP), have been reported. The reagents were successfully employed to cross-link human hemoglobin under oxygenated conditions. The sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) analyses of the reaction products indicated that the cross-link was intramolecular in nature, and that it was between the two beta subunits of hemoglobin in each case. The products were purified by DEAE-cellulose chromatography, and the purified material was employed for oxygen-binding assessments. The oxygen equilibrium curve of the cross-linked material, in each case, was right-shifted toward lower oxygen affinity as desired. The sigmoidal shapes of oxygen curves, in each case, suggested retainment of oxygen-binding cooperativity, although considerably lower than that of the native hemoglobin. C1 Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Chem & Biochem, Lab Drug Design & Synth, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Blood Res Detachment, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Hosmane, RS (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Chem & Biochem, Lab Drug Design & Synth, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. EM hosmane@research.umbc.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [P41RR00480-0053]; NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL48632] NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0363-0269 J9 HEMOGLOBIN JI Hemoglobin PD FEB PY 1999 VL 23 IS 1 BP 1 EP 20 PG 20 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Hematology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Hematology GA 171FK UT WOS:000078851900001 PM 10081982 ER PT J AU Burke, LM Rush, WI Khoor, A Mackay, B Oliveira, P Whitsett, JA Singh, G Turnicky, R Fleming, MV Koss, MN Travis, WD AF Burke, LM Rush, WI Khoor, A Mackay, B Oliveira, P Whitsett, JA Singh, G Turnicky, R Fleming, MV Koss, MN Travis, WD TI Alveolar adenoma: A histochemical, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural analysis of 17 cases SO HUMAN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE alveolar adenoma; adenoma; surfactant; thyroid transcription factor; type 2 pneumocyte; Clara cell; lung; papillary adenoma; immunohistochemistry; electron microscopy ID TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR-I; PAPILLARY ADENOMA; HUMAN LUNG; MESSENGER-RNA; PULMONARY; PROTEIN; TUMOR; FETAL; ADENOCARCINOMA; LYMPHANGIOMA AB Alveolar adenoma of lung is a rare benign neoplasm of uncertain histogenesis. Its rarity hampers characterization of its epithelial and mesenchymal elements. Clinical and histopathologic features of 17 alveolar adenomas were reviewed. Histochemistry was performed on 10 cases, ultrastructural analysis on two, and immunohistochemistry on six cases for pneumocyte markers, thyroid transcription factor (TTF-1), surfactant protein markers pro-SP-B and proSP-C, and the Clara cell marker, CC10. Immunohistochemistry was performed in nine cases for desmin, smooth muscle actin, muscle-specific actin, cytokeratin, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), factor VIII, and carcinoembryonic antigen. The mean age was 53 years. Seven cases occurred in men, and nine occurred in women. The age and sex were not known for one patient. The tumors were coin lesions on chest radiographs in asymptomatic patients except for one (cough). The mean size was 2.2 cm. The tumors were well demarcated with multiple cystic spaces containing granular material. Mostly type 2 pneumocytes lined the cystic spaces with fewer type 1 cells and no Clara cells. This was confirmed by staining for TTF-1, pro-SP-B, and pro-SP-C and by ultrastructure. CC10 was negative in all cases. The stroma varied from prominent spindle cells with a myxoid matrix to thin alveolar septa. The interstitial spindle cells resembled fibroblasts by immunohistochemistry and ultrastructure. Follow-up data available in five cases showed no recurrence at 2, 2, 5, 8, and 13 years. In summary, alveolar adenoma is a benign neoplasm consisting of an intimate admixture of alveolar epithelial and septal mesenchymal tissue. Most of the epithelial cells are type 2 pneumocytes, and the interstitial stromal cells are fibroblasts or fibroblast-like cells. Recognition of its characteristic morphological appearance allows for its distinction from other benign lesions of the HUM. PATHOL 30:158-167. This is a US government work. There are no restrictions on its use. C1 Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Pulm & Mediastinal Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Pathol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ S Florida, Dept Pathol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Pathol, Houston, TX USA. Inst Portugues Oncol, Lisbon, Portugal. Childrens Hosp, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Travis, WD (reprint author), Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Pulm & Mediastinal Pathol, 6825 NW 16th St,Bld 54,Rm M003B, Washington, DC 20306 USA. NR 33 TC 34 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 2 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0046-8177 J9 HUM PATHOL JI Hum. Pathol. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 30 IS 2 BP 158 EP 167 DI 10.1016/S0046-8177(99)90270-8 PG 10 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 167DF UT WOS:000078616800008 PM 10029443 ER PT J AU Carin, L Geng, N McClure, M Sichina, J Nguyen, L AF Carin, L Geng, N McClure, M Sichina, J Nguyen, L TI Ultra-wide-band synthetic-aperture radar for mine-field detection SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION MAGAZINE LA English DT Article DE radar; radar detection; radar applications; synthetic aperture radar; ultra-wide-band radar; mine detection; polarimetric radar ID GROUND-PENETRATING RADAR; DISPERSIVE HALF-SPACE; ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING; REVOLUTION; BODIES; SIMULATION; LOSSY; RESONANCES; NOISE AB A full-wave model is developed for electromagnetic scattering from buried and surface land mines (both conducting and plastic), taking rigorous account of the lossy, dispersive, and potentially layered properties of soil. The (polarimetric) theoretical results are confirmed via synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) measurements, performed using the US Army Research Laboratory's BoomSAR, with which fully polarimetric ultra-wide-band (50-1200 MHz) SAR imagery is produced. The SAR system is used to acquire a large database of imagery, including a significant distribution of naturally occurring clutter. Several techniques are used for mine detection with such data, including several detectors that are based on target features gleaned from the modeling, as well as a matched-filter-like detector that directly incorporates the target signatures themselves. In addition, the theoretical model is used to predict wave phenomenology in various environments (beyond the limited range of parameters that can be examined experimentally). Since the efficacy of radar-based subsurface sensing depends strongly on the soil properties, we perform a parametric study of the dependence of such on the target RCS, and on possible land-mine resonances. C1 Duke Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. USA, Res Lab, AMSRL E RU, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Carin, L (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. NR 41 TC 106 Z9 109 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1045-9243 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROPAG JI IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 41 IS 1 BP 18 EP 33 DI 10.1109/74.755021 PG 16 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 181HG UT WOS:000079435100004 ER PT J AU Carver, CA Howard, RA Lane, WD AF Carver, CA Howard, RA Lane, WD TI Enhancing student learning through hypermedia courseware and incorporation of student learning styles SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON EDUCATION LA English DT Article DE hypermedia; learning styles; multimedia ID HYPERTEXT AB This paper outlines attempts to enhance student learning by addressing different learning styles through course hypermedia, Students learn by a variety of different learning styles. Previously, instructors were unable to effectively address these different learning styles outside the? classroom. Students were limited to paper-based course materials that presented information primarily in a sequential manner according to the author's perception of the organization of the material. While this addressed the needs of some students, others did not prepare effectively because the presentation differed significantly from the student's preferred learning style, Two approaches were developed to address this problem. The first approach was the development of hypermedia courseware. This provided a wide variety of tools which students could use to prepare for lessons. In this way students retained complete control over how they prepared far a lesson and could choose those hypermedia tools that were most conducive to their learning. An assessment of the multimedia and hypertext documents in the course revealed that the value of a particular multimedia tool to a student varied widely. Each student was traversing the course material according to his/her unique learning style. Unfortunately, the plethora of tools confused some students because they were uncomfortable making active choices of what course material, would be most conducive to their learning. As a result, a second approach was adopted. An adaptive hypermedia interface was developed that provided dynamic tailoring of the presentation of; course material based on the individual student's learning style, By tailoring the presentation of material to the student's learning style, the authors believe students learned more efficiently and more effectively. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Carver, CA (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 25 TC 161 Z9 164 U1 5 U2 25 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9359 J9 IEEE T EDUC JI IEEE Trans. Educ. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 42 IS 1 BP 33 EP 38 DI 10.1109/13.746332 PG 6 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA 166RW UT WOS:000078591800005 ER PT J AU Barnard, JP Friedlander, AM AF Barnard, JP Friedlander, AM TI Vaccination against anthrax with attenuated recombinant strains of Bacillus anthracis that produce protective antigen SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID EXPERIMENTAL-ANIMALS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; RECEPTOR-BINDING; LETHAL FACTOR; TOXIN; PLASMID; GENE; IMMUNIZATION; VIRULENCE; SUBTILIS AB The protective efficacy of several live, recombinant anthrax vaccines given in a single-dose regimen was assessed with Hartley guinea pigs, These live vaccines were created by transforming Delta ANR and Delta Sterne, two nonencapsulated, nontoxinogenic strains of Bacillus anthracis, with four different recombinant plasmids that express the anthrax protective antigen (PA) protein to various degrees. This enabled us to assess the effect of the chromosomal background of the strain, as well as the amount of PA produced, on protective efficacy. There were no significant strain-related effects on PA production in vitro, plasmid stability in vivo, survival of the immunizing strain in the host, or protective efficacy of the immunizing infection. The protective efficacy of the live, recombinant anthrax vaccine strains correlated with the anti-PA antibody titers they elicited in vivo and the level of PA they produced in vitro. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Bacteriol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Friedlander, AM (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Bacteriol, 1425 Porter St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 51 TC 50 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 67 IS 2 BP 562 EP 567 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 160VE UT WOS:000078251400013 PM 9916059 ER PT J AU Shorr, AF Trotta, RF Alkins, SA Hanzel, GS Diehl, LF AF Shorr, AF Trotta, RF Alkins, SA Hanzel, GS Diehl, LF TI D-dimer assay predicts mortality in critically ill patients without disseminated intravascular coagulation or venous thromboembolic disease SO INTENSIVE CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE D-dimer; disseminated intravascular coagulation; mortality ID DIAGNOSIS; SEPSIS AB Objective: To determine if D-dimer predicts outcomes in critically ill patients. Design: Observational, cohort study. Setting: Medical intensive care unit (MICU) of a tertiary care hospital. Patients and participants: Seventy-four patients consecutively admitted to the MICU. Interventions: D-dimer was measured by latex agglutination within 12 h of admission to the MICU. Measurements and results: Of the study population, 43.2% had positive D-dimers. The in-hospital mortality rate in D-dimer positive patients was 28.1% as compared to 7.1% in D-dimer negative subjects (p = 0.024). D-dimer positive patients had significantly greater frequencies of venous thromboses (21.9% vs 4.8%, p = 0.035). Conclusions: The D-dimer assay identifies patients at increased risk for mortality and may be a more sensitive test to determine the presence of underlying microvascular pathology in critically ill patients. A positive D-dimer at admission to the MICU is associated with an increased risk for the later development of a venous thromboembolic event (VTE). C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Pulm & Crit Care Med Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Shorr, AF (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Pulm & Crit Care Med Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 15 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0342-4642 J9 INTENS CARE MED JI Intensive Care Med. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 25 IS 2 BP 207 EP 210 PG 4 WC Critical Care Medicine SC General & Internal Medicine GA 171CK UT WOS:000078844700016 PM 10193549 ER PT J AU Kerns, DG Greenwell, H Wittwer, JW Drisko, C Williams, JN Kerns, LL AF Kerns, DG Greenwell, H Wittwer, JW Drisko, C Williams, JN Kerns, LL TI Root trunk dimensions of 5 different tooth types SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PERIODONTICS & RESTORATIVE DENTISTRY LA English DT Article ID CLINICAL-SIGNIFICANCE; PERIODONTAL-DISEASE; LONG-TERM; MAXILLARY AB The primary purpose of this study was to document mean standard deviation, and range of root trunk dimensions of multirooted tooth types. A total of 412 extracted teeth were examined and classified as: maxillary first molars, maxillary second molars, maxillary first premolars, mandibular first molars, and mandibular second molars. The distance from the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) to the roof groove and from the CEJ to the roof division was measured. Mean CEJ to root groove distances ranged from 1.35 to 1.65 mm for maxillary first molars, from 1.49 to 1.89 mm for maxillary second molars, from 1.71 to 1.73 mm for maxillary first premolars, from 1.16 to 1.22 mm for mandibular first molars, and from 1.53 to 1.76 mm for mandibular second molars. C1 Univ Louisville, Sch Dent, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. USA, Dent Act, Ft Hood, TX USA. Univ Louisville, Dept Periodont Endodont & Dent Hyg, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. RP Greenwell, H (reprint author), Univ Louisville, Sch Dent, 501 S Preston,Room 236, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU QUINTESSENCE PUBL CO INC PI CAROL STREAM PA 551 NORTH KIMBERLY DR, CAROL STREAM, IL 60188-1881 USA SN 0198-7569 J9 INT J PERIODONT REST JI Int. J. Periodontics Restor. Dent. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 19 IS 1 BP 83 EP 91 PG 9 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 176ML UT WOS:000079155300009 ER PT J AU Greilich, PE Alving, BM Longnecker, D Carr, ME Whitten, CW Chang, AS Reid, TJ AF Greilich, PE Alving, BM Longnecker, D Carr, ME Whitten, CW Chang, AS Reid, TJ TI Near-site monitoring of the antiplatelet drug abciximab using the Hemodyne analyzer and modified Thrombelastograph SO JOURNAL OF CARDIOTHORACIC AND VASCULAR ANESTHESIA LA English DT Article DE blood; platelets; platelet function; platelet inhibition; platelet contractile force; shear elasticity; abciximab; platelet aggregation; platelet function monitoring; Thrombelastograph; Hemodyne ID PLATELET GLYCOPROTEIN-IIB/IIIA; PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY REVASCULARIZATION; MEDIATED FORCE DEVELOPMENT; CHIMERIC 7E3 FAB; RECEPTOR BLOCKADE; FIBRIN STRUCTURE; ELASTIC-MODULUS; CLOT RETRACTION; UNSTABLE ANGINA; C7E3 FAB AB Objective:This investigation examines the hypothesis that the antiplatelet effect of abciximab and its reversal can be monitored using the Hemodyne (Hemodyne, Inc, Midlothian, VA) analyzer and modified Thrombelastograph (Haemoscope, Skokie, IL). Design: In vitro dose-response and reversal study. Setting:Anesthesia Research (Dallas, TX) and Special Studies Coagulation Laboratories (Washington, DC). Participants: Nine healthy volunteers. Interventions: The addition of increasing concentrations of abciximab, 0 to 10 mu g/mL, and purified fibrinogen, 50 to 400 mg/dL. The reversal of abciximab, 4 mu g/mL, with the addition of fresh platelet-rich plasma (PRP) sufficient to increase the platelet concentration by approximately 10%. Measurements and Main Results: Platelet aggregation and platelet contractile force using the Hemodyne analyzer were used as platelet-specific measurements. The Thrombelastograph maximum amplitude (MA) for platelets (MA(PLT)) was calculated by subtracting the MA from a platelet-poor plasma (PPP) sample (MA(PPP)) determined in one thromboelastography well from that of whole-blood MA (MA(WB)) run simultaneously in the second thromboelastography well. The addition of abciximab, 0 to 10 mu g/mL, resulted in significant concentration-dependent reductions in platelet aggregation (p < 0.001), platelet contractile force (p < 0.001), and MA(PLT) (p < 0.001). Platelet contractile force (p < 0.03) and MA(PLT) (P < 0.05) were significantly more responsive than MA(WB) to the effect of abciximab, 4 mu g/mL, and its reversal with the addition of fresh PRP. Purified fibrinogen concentration directly correlated with thromboelastography MA (r(s) = 0.97; p < 0.001), yet had no effect on platelet contractile force. The addition of abciximab had no measurable influence on the MA(PPP). Conclusion: This in vitro study suggests that the Hemodyne analyzer and modified Thrombelastograph might be clinically useful methods to monitor the platelet inhibitory effects of agents such as abciximab. Copyright (C) 1999 by W.B. Saunders Company. C1 Dept Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Anesthesiol & Pain Management Serv 112A, Anesthesia Res Lab, Dallas, TX 75216 USA. Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dept Anesthesiol & Pain Management, Dallas, TX USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Hematol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Vasc Biol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Clin Invest, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Med Coll Virginia, Dept Internal Med, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Med Coll Virginia, Dept Pathol, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. RP Greilich, PE (reprint author), Dept Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Anesthesiol & Pain Management Serv 112A, Anesthesia Res Lab, 4500 S Lancaster Rd, Dallas, TX 75216 USA. NR 37 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 1053-0770 J9 J CARDIOTHOR VASC AN JI J. Cardiothorac. Vasc. Anesth. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 13 IS 1 BP 58 EP 64 DI 10.1016/S1053-0770(99)90175-1 PG 7 WC Anesthesiology; Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Respiratory System; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Anesthesiology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Respiratory System GA 168MV UT WOS:000078697600013 PM 10069286 ER PT J AU Drengler, RL Kuhn, JG Schaaf, LJ Rodriguez, GI Villalona-Calero, MA Hammond, LA Stephenson, JA Hodges, S Kraynak, MA Staton, BA Elfring, GL Locker, PK Miller, LL Von Hoff, DD Rothenberg, ML AF Drengler, RL Kuhn, JG Schaaf, LJ Rodriguez, GI Villalona-Calero, MA Hammond, LA Stephenson, JA Hodges, S Kraynak, MA Staton, BA Elfring, GL Locker, PK Miller, LL Von Hoff, DD Rothenberg, ML TI Phase I and pharmacokinetic trial of oral irinotecan administered daily for 5 days every 3 weeks in patients with solid tumors SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Clinical-Oncology CY MAY 18-21, 1996 CL PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA SP Amer Soc Clin Oncol ID TOPOISOMERASE-I; NEUROBLASTOMA XENOGRAFTS; CPT-11; INHIBITORS; CAMPTOTHECIN; EFFICACY; PHARMACODYNAMICS; SN-38; MICE AB Purpose: We conducted a phase I dose-escalation trial of orally administered irinotecan (CPT-11) to characterize the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD), dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs), pharmacokinetic profile, and antitumor effects in patients with refractory malignancies. Patients and Methods: CPT-II solution for intravenous (IV) use was mixed with CranGrape juice (Ocean Spray, Lakeville-Middleboro, MA) and administered orally once per day for 5 days every 3 weeks to 28 patients. Starling dosages ranged from 20 to 100 mg/m(2)/d. Results: Grade 4 delayed diarrhea was the DLT at the 80 mg/m(2)/d dosage in patients younger than 65 years of age and at the 66 mg/m(2)/d dosage in patients 65 or older. The other most clinically significant toxicity of oral CPT-II was neutropenia. A linear relationship was found between dose, peak plasma concentration, and area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) for both CPT-11 and SN-38 lactone, implying no saturation in the conversion of irinotecan to SN-38. The mean metabolic ratio ([AUC(SN-38) (total) + AUC(SN-38G) (total)]/AUC(CPT-11 total)) was 0.7 to 0.8, which suggests that oral dosing results in presystemic conversion of CPT-11 to SN-38. An average of 72% of SN-38 was maintained in the lactone form during the first 24 hours after drug administration. One patient with previously treated colorectal cancer and liver metastases who received oral CPT-11 at the 80 mg/m(2)/d dosage achieved a confirmed partial response. Conclusion: The MTD and recommended phase II dosage for oral CPT-II is 66 mg/m(2)/d in patients younger than 65 years of age and 50 mg/m(2)/d in patients 65 or older, administered daily for 5 days every 3 weeks. The DLT of diarrhea is similar to that observed with IV administration of CPT-11. The biologic activity and favorable pharmacokinetic characteristics make oral administration of CPT-11 an attractive option for further clinical development. (C) 1999 by American Society of Clinical Oncology. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Pharmacia & Upjohn Co, Kalamazoo, MI USA. Inst Drug Dev, Canc Therapy & Res Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Rothenberg, ML (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Div Hematol & Oncol, Vanderbilt Clin 1956, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. RI Schaaf, Larry/A-9417-2008 FU NCI NIH HHS [P30-CA-54174, 5T32-CA09434]; NCRR NIH HHS [M01-RR-0136] NR 26 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0732-183X J9 J CLIN ONCOL JI J. Clin. Oncol. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 17 IS 2 BP 685 EP 696 PG 12 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 163CH UT WOS:000078384500035 PM 10080615 ER PT J AU Watson, CC Biedenharn, DS AF Watson, CC Biedenharn, DS TI Characterization of stream meanders for stream restoration - Discussion SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USA, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Watson, CC (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD FEB PY 1999 VL 125 IS 2 BP 216 EP 216 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1999)125:2(216) PG 1 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 159VA UT WOS:000078194600020 ER PT J AU Ratto-Kim, S Sitz, KV Garner, RP Kim, JH Davis, C Aronson, N Ruiz, N Tencer, K Redfield, RR Birx, DL AF Ratto-Kim, S Sitz, KV Garner, RP Kim, JH Davis, C Aronson, N Ruiz, N Tencer, K Redfield, RR Birx, DL TI Repeated immunization with recombinant gp160 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) envelope protein in early HIV-1 infection: Evaluation of the T cell proliferative response SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Keystone Symposia, AIDS Pathogenesis CY APR, 1997 CL KEYSTONE, COLORADO ID IMMUNE-RESPONSES; INDIVIDUALS; VACCINE; IMMUNOGENICITY; GLYCOPROTEIN; VOLUNTEERS; INVITRO; ANTIGEN; DEFECTS; AIDS AB This longitudinal study was designed to evaluate cellular immunity in early-stage, asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-infected persons (CD4 cell count, >400/mm(3); median, 625/mm(3) who were immunized with either recombinant (r) gp160 or placebo every 2 months for 5 years. Proliferative responses were assessed against rgp160, rp24, and a panel of recall antigens and mitogens. Despite good reactivity to recall antigens, at baseline similar to 33% had proliferative responses to gp160, and similar to 42% showed p24 gag responses. There was no statistical difference between vaccine and placebo groups for antigens or mitogens. After 1 year, similar to 73% of the subjects in the vaccine arm had new or boosted responses to gp160, versus similar to 18% in the placebo arm. Statistical significance was maintained throughout the study. Recurrent vaccination with recombinant gp160 was proven to be persistently immunogenic, increasing significantly the ability of HIV-1-infected persons to mount new proliferative responses to the vaccine. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Retrovirol, Rockville, MD USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Natl Naval Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. Univ Maryland, Inst Human Virol, Baltimore, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Ratto-Kim, S (reprint author), Henry M Jackson Fdn, 13 Taft Court Suite 200, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. NR 21 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 179 IS 2 BP 337 EP 344 DI 10.1086/314587 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 162QB UT WOS:000078357300006 PM 9878016 ER PT J AU Bray, M Davis, K Geisbert, T Schmaljohn, C Huggins, J AF Bray, M Davis, K Geisbert, T Schmaljohn, C Huggins, J TI A mouse model for evaluation of prophylaxis and therapy of Ebola hemorrhagic fever SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID VIRUS; INFECTION; FILOVIRUSES AB The Zaire subtype of Ebola virus (EBO-Z) is lethal for newborn mice, but adult mice are resistant to the virus, which prevents their use as an animal model of lethal Ebola infection, We serially passed EBO-Z virus in progressively older suckling mice, eventually obtaining a plaque-purified virus that was lethal for mature, immunocompetent BALB/c and C57BL/6 inbred and ICR (CD-1) outbred mice. Pathologic changes in the liver and spleen of infected mice resembled those in EBO-Z-infected primates. Virus titers in these tissues reached 10(9) pfu/g, The LD50 of mouse-adapted EBO-Z virus inoculated into the peritoneal cavity was similar to 1 virion. Mice were resistant to large doses of the same virus inoculated subcutaneously, intradermally, or intramuscularly, Mice injected peripherally with mouse-adapted or intraperitoneally with non-adapted EBO-Z virus resisted subsequent challenge with mouse-adapted virus. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Pathol, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Bray, M (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. NR 26 TC 68 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 11 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 179 SU 1 BP S248 EP S258 DI 10.1086/514292 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 163HQ UT WOS:000078400300038 PM 9988191 ER PT J AU Connolly, BM Steele, KE Davis, KJ Geisbert, TW Kell, WM Jaax, NK Jahrling, PB AF Connolly, BM Steele, KE Davis, KJ Geisbert, TW Kell, WM Jaax, NK Jahrling, PB TI Pathogenesis of experimental Ebola virus infection in guinea pigs SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; MARBURG VIRUS; INSITU HYBRIDIZATION; PARAFFIN SECTIONS; RHESUS-MONKEYS; OUTBREAK; FILOVIRUSES; PATHOLOGY; SEQUENCES; DISEASE AB The subtype Zaire of Ebola (EBO) virus (Mayinga strain) was adapted to produce lethal infections in guinea pigs, In many ways, the disease was similar to EBO infections in nonhuman primates and humans. The guinea pig model was used to investigate the pathologic events in EBO infection that lead to death. Analytical methods included immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, and electron microscopy. Cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system, primarily macrophages, were identified as the early and sustained targets of EBO virus. During later stages of infection, interstitial fibroblasts in various tissues were infected, and there was evidence of endothelial cell infection and fibrin deposition. The distribution of lesions, hematologic profiles, and increases in serum biochemical enzymes associated with EBO virus infection in guinea pigs was similar to reported findings in experimentally infected nonhuman primates and naturally infected humans. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Headquarters, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Pathol, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Jahrling, PB (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Headquarters, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. EM PBJ@DETRICK.ARMY.MIL NR 49 TC 156 Z9 166 U1 1 U2 18 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1899 EI 1537-6613 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 179 SU 1 BP S203 EP S217 DI 10.1086/514305 PG 15 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 163HQ UT WOS:000078400300033 PM 9988186 ER PT J AU Huggins, J Zhang, ZX Bray, M AF Huggins, J Zhang, ZX Bray, M TI Antiviral drug therapy of filovirus infections: S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase inhibitors inhibit Ebola virus in vitro and in a lethal mouse model SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CARBOCYCLIC 3-DEAZAADENOSINE; AGENT; PHARMACOKINETICS; ANALOG AB Ebola (subtype Zaire) viral replication was inhibited in vitro by a series of nine nucleoside analogue inhibitors of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase, an important target for antiviral drug development. Adult BALB/c mice lethally infected with mouse-adapted Ebola virus die 5-7 days after infection. Treatment initiated on day 0 or 1 resulted in dose-dependent protection, with mortality completely prevented at doses greater than or equal to 0.7 mg/kg every 8 h, There was significant protection (90%) when treatment was begun on day 2, at which time, the liver had an average titer of 3 x 10(5) pfu/g virus and the spleen had 2 x 10(6) pfu/g. Treatment with 2.2 mg/kg initiated on day 3, when the liver had an average titer of 2 x 10(7) pfu/g virus and the spleen had 2 x 10(8) pfu/g, resulted in 40% survival. As reported here, Carbocyclic 3-deazaadenosine is the first compound demonstrated to cure animals from this otherwise lethal Ebola virus infection. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Huggins, J (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, 1425 Porter Rd, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM huggins@ncifcrf.gov NR 21 TC 56 Z9 64 U1 2 U2 7 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 179 SU 1 BP S240 EP S247 DI 10.1086/514316 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 163HQ UT WOS:000078400300037 PM 9988190 ER PT J AU Jahrling, PB Geisbert, TW Geisbert, JB Swearengen, JR Bray, M Jaax, NK Huggins, JW LeDuc, JW Peters, CJ AF Jahrling, PB Geisbert, TW Geisbert, JB Swearengen, JR Bray, M Jaax, NK Huggins, JW LeDuc, JW Peters, CJ TI Evaluation of immune globulin and recombinant interferon-alpha 2b for treatment of experimental Ebola virus infections SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ARGENTINE HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; PASSIVE ANTIBODY THERAPY; LASSA FEVER; CYNOMOLGUS MONKEYS; RIBAVIRIN THERAPY; PROPHYLAXIS; SERUM; ASSOCIATION; EFFICACY; PLASMA AB A passive immunization strategy for treating Ebola virus infections was evaluated using BALB/c mice, strain 13 guinea pigs, and cynomolgus monkeys. Guinea pigs were completely protected by injection of hyperimmune equine IgG when treatment was initiated early but not after viremia had developed. In contrast, mice were incompletely protected even when treatment was initiated on day 0, the day of virus inoculation. In monkeys treated with one dose of IgG on day 0, onset of illness and viremia was delayed, but all treated animals died. A second dose of IgG on day 5 had no additional beneficial effect. Pretreatment of monkeys delayed onset of viremia and delayed death several additional days. Interferon-alpha 2b (2 x 10(7) IU/kg/day) had a similar effect in monkeys, delaying viremia and death by only several days. Effective treatment of Ebola infections may require a combination of drugs that inhibit viral replication in monocyte/macrophage-like cells while reversing the pathologic effects (e.g., coagulopathy) consequent to this replication. C1 USA, Res Inst Infect Dis, Frederick, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Jahrling, PB (reprint author), USAMRID, Headquarters, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. EM PBJ@Detrck.Army.Mil NR 37 TC 122 Z9 128 U1 1 U2 10 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 179 SU 1 BP S224 EP S234 DI 10.1086/514310 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 163HQ UT WOS:000078400300035 PM 9988188 ER PT J AU Ksiazek, TG West, CP Rollin, PE Jahrling, PB Peters, CJ AF Ksiazek, TG West, CP Rollin, PE Jahrling, PB Peters, CJ TI ELISA for the detection of antibodies to Ebola viruses SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER VIRUSES; IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE; ANTIGENS; PRIMATES; MARBURG AB EIAs for Ige and IgM antibodies directed against Ebola (EBO) viral antigens have been developed and evaluated using sera of animals and humans surviving infection with EBO viruses. The IgM capture assay detected anti-EBO (subtype Reston) antibodies in the sera of 5 of 5 experimentally infected animals at the time they succumbed to lethal infections. IgM antibodies were also detected in the serum of a human who was infected with EBO (subtype Reston) during a postmortem examination of an infected monkey. The antibody was detectable as early as day 6 after infection in experimentally infected animals and persisted for <90 days. The IgG response was less rapid; however, it persisted for >400 days in 3 animals who survived infection, and it persisted for similar to 10 years after infection in the sera of 2 humans. Although these data are limited by the number of sera available for verification, the IgM assay seems to have great promise as a diagnostic tool. Furthermore the long-term persistence of the IgG antibodies measured by this test strongly suggests that the ELISA will be useful in field investigations of EBO virus. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Dis Assessment, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. Microbiol Associates Inc, Rockville, MD USA. RP Ksiazek, TG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, DVRD, NCID, Mailstop G-14,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 28 TC 111 Z9 120 U1 2 U2 30 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 179 SU 1 BP S192 EP S198 DI 10.1086/514313 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 163HQ UT WOS:000078400300031 PM 9988184 ER PT J AU Leirs, H Mills, JN Krebs, JW Childs, JE Akaibe, D Woollen, N Ludwig, G Peters, CJ Ksiazek, TG AF Leirs, H Mills, JN Krebs, JW Childs, JE Akaibe, D Woollen, N Ludwig, G Peters, CJ Ksiazek, TG TI Search for the Ebola virus reservoir in Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo: Reflections on a vertebrate collection SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID DISEASE; INOCULATION; COMPLEX; AFRICA AB A 3-month ecologic investigation was done to identify the reservoir of Ebola virus following the 1995 outbreak in Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Efforts focused on the fields where the putative primary case had worked but included other habitats near Kikwit, Samples were collected from 3066 vertebrates and tested for the presence of antibodies to Ebola (subtype Zaire) virus: All tests were negative, and attempts to isolate Ebola virus were unsuccessful. The investigation was hampered by a lack of information beyond the daily activities of the primary case, a lack of information on Ebola virus ecology, which precluded the detailed study of select groups of animals, and sample-size limitations for rare species, The epidemiology of Ebola hemorrhagic fever suggests that humans have only intermittent contact with the virus, which complicates selection of target species. Further study of the epidemiology of human outbreaks to further define the environmental contact of primary cases would be of great value. C1 Danish Pest Infestat Lab, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Kisangani, Kisangani, Congo. USA, Res Inst Infect Dis, Frederick, MD USA. CDC, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, DVRD, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, DVBID, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Rennes, Rennes, France. Univ Antwerp, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium. Royal Museum Cent Africa, Tervuren, Belgium. Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany. Inst Super Pedag Gombe, Dept Biol, Kinshasa, Zaire. Inst Pedag Natl, Dept Biol, Kinshasa, Zaire. CDC, DVRD, Special Pathogens Branch, Guinea Field Stn, Kindia, Guinea. York Univ, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. RP Leirs, H (reprint author), Danish Pest Infestat Lab, Skovbrynet 14, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. EM h.leirs@ssl.dk RI Leirs, Herwig/B-8197-2008; Childs, James/B-4002-2012 OI Leirs, Herwig/0000-0002-7612-5024; NR 27 TC 56 Z9 59 U1 4 U2 27 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1899 EI 1537-6613 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 179 SU 1 BP S155 EP S163 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 163HQ UT WOS:000078400300026 PM 9988179 ER PT J AU Reiter, P Turell, M Coleman, R Miller, B Maupin, G Liz, J Kuehne, A Barth, J Geisbert, J Dohm, D Glick, J Pecor, J Robbins, R Jahrling, P Peters, C Ksiazek, T AF Reiter, P Turell, M Coleman, R Miller, B Maupin, G Liz, J Kuehne, A Barth, J Geisbert, J Dohm, D Glick, J Pecor, J Robbins, R Jahrling, P Peters, C Ksiazek, T TI Field investigations of an outbreak of Ebola hemorrhagic fever, Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 1995: Arthropod studies SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID MARBURG-VIRUS-DISEASE; KENYA AB During the final weeks of a 6-month epidemic of Ebola hemorrhagic fever in Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo, an extensive collection of arthropods was made in an attempt to learn more of the natural history of the disease. A reconstruction of the activities of the likely primary case, a 42-year-old man who lived in the city, indicated that he probably acquired his infection in a partly forested area 15 km from his home. Collections were made throughout this area, along the route he followed from the city, and at various sites in the city itself. No Ebola virus was isolated, but a description of the collections and the ecotopes involved is given for comparison with future studies of other outbreaks. C1 CDC, Dengue Branch, Entomol Sect, San Juan, PR 00921 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. CDC, Arbovirus Branch, Ft Collins, CO USA. CDC, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Armed Forces Pest Management Board, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Reiter, P (reprint author), CDC, Dengue Branch, Entomol Sect, 2 Calle Casia, San Juan, PR 00921 USA. NR 17 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 9 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 179 SU 1 BP S148 EP S154 DI 10.1086/514304 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 163HQ UT WOS:000078400300025 PM 9988178 ER PT J AU Rollin, PE Williams, RJ Bressler, DS Pearson, S Cottingham, M Pucak, G Sanchez, A Trappier, SG Peters, RL Greer, PW Zaki, S Demarcus, T Hendricks, K Kelley, M Simpson, D Geisbert, TW Jahrling, PB Peters, CJ Ksiazek, TG AF Rollin, PE Williams, RJ Bressler, DS Pearson, S Cottingham, M Pucak, G Sanchez, A Trappier, SG Peters, RL Greer, PW Zaki, S Demarcus, T Hendricks, K Kelley, M Simpson, D Geisbert, TW Jahrling, PB Peters, CJ Ksiazek, TG TI Ebola (subtype Reston) virus among quarantined nonhuman primates recently imported from the Philippines to the United States SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; MONKEYS AB In April 1996, laboratory testing of imported nonhuman primates (as mandated by quarantine regulations) identified 2 cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) infected with Ebola (subtype Reston) virus in a US-registered quarantine facility, The animals were part of a shipment of 100 nonhuman primates recently imported from the Philippines. Two additional infected animals, who were thought to be in the incubation phase, were identified among the remaining 48 animals in the affected quarantine room, The other 50 macaques, who had been held in a separate isolation room, remained asymptomatic, and none of these animals seroconverted during an extended quarantine period. Due to the rigorous routine safety precautions, the facility personnel had no unprotected exposures and remained asymptomatic, and no one seroconverted, The mandatory quarantine and laboratory testing requirements, put in place after the original Reston outbreak in 1989-1990, were effective for detecting and containing Ebola virus infection in newly imported nonhuman primates and minimizing potential human transmission. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Sepcial Pathogens Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mol Pathol & Ultrastruct Activ, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Quarantine, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Covance Res Prod Inc, Alice & Texas Dept Hlth, Austin, TX USA. Microbiol Associates Inc, Rockville, MD USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Rollin, PE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Sepcial Pathogens Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop G-14,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 19 TC 69 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 13 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 179 SU 1 BP S108 EP S114 DI 10.1086/514303 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 163HQ UT WOS:000078400300020 PM 9988173 ER PT J AU Vorontsov, MA AF Vorontsov, MA TI Information processing with nonlinear optical two-dimensional feedback systems SO JOURNAL OF OPTICS B-QUANTUM AND SEMICLASSICAL OPTICS LA English DT Review DE parallel image processing; adaptive optics; nonlinear dynamics; nonlinear optics ID PHASE-DISTORTION SUPPRESSION; PATTERNS AB Here we discuss new potential applications in parallel image processing and adaptive optics for nonlinear spatio-temporal processes occurring in optical (opto-electronic) nonlinear two-dimensional feedback systems. C1 USA, Res Lab, Informat Sci & Technol Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Vorontsov, MA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Informat Sci & Technol Directorate, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 50 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1464-4266 J9 J OPT B-QUANTUM S O JI J. Opt. B-Quantum Semicl. Opt. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 1 IS 1 BP R1 EP R10 DI 10.1088/1464-4266/1/1/005 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 216CC UT WOS:000081422100006 ER PT J AU Lin, JJ Cameron, SM Runyan, DA Craft, DW AF Lin, JJ Cameron, SM Runyan, DA Craft, DW TI Disinfection of denture base acrylic resin SO JOURNAL OF PROSTHETIC DENTISTRY LA English DT Article AB Statement of problem. During repair or adjustments of acrylic resin removable complete and partial dentures, particles of the acrylic resin from the interior of the prosthesis may expose dental personnel to microbial health hazards if the prosthesis has not been thoroughly disinfected. Purpose. This study investigates the efficacy of a commercially prepared microbial disinfectant (Alcide) on the external and internal surfaces of acrylic resins. Material and methods. Four groups of acrylic resin were incubated in an experimental model to simulate the oral environment over time. Specimens were treated in 2 groups, disinfected and not disinfected, and then further grouped by breaking and not breaking. Analysis was performed with microbial colony counts, SEM, and statistical analyses. Results. Viable microorganisms still remain on the internal and external surfaces of treated resins. Conclusion. Chlorine dioxide reduces, but does not eliminate, viable microorganisms on these dental prostheses. C1 USA, Dent Act, Ft Gordon, GA USA. RP Lin, JJ (reprint author), 4621 Rutherford Dr, El Paso, TX 79924 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [G12-RR08124] NR 9 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0022-3913 J9 J PROSTHET DENT JI J. Prosthet. Dent. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 81 IS 2 BP 202 EP 206 DI 10.1016/S0022-3913(99)70249-0 PG 5 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 171MM UT WOS:000078867800011 PM 9922434 ER PT J AU Wilson, DK AF Wilson, DK TI Calculated coherence and extinction of sound waves propagating through anisotropic, shear-induced turbulent velocity fluctuations SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-LAYER TURBULENCE; ACOUSTIC PROPAGATION AB Previous calculations of the coherence and extinction of sound waves propagating through turbulence have almost always used isotropic models for the turbulence. However, low-frequency sound waves are strongly affected by energy-subrange turbulence structure, which is anisotropic by nature. In this paper, coherence and extinction an calculated using several anisotropic models for turbulent velocity fluctuations in the neutral atmospheric shear layer. New anisotropic versions of the Gaussian and von Karman models are developed, The Kristensen et al. spectral model [Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 47, 149-193 (1989)] and Mann's rapid-distortion, constant shear model [J. Fluid Mech. 273, 141-168 (1994)] are also considered. The turbulence models all predict that the crosswind extinction distance is longer than the along-wind value, although they disagree as to the extent of the lengthening: depending on the model, the ratio of crosswind to along-wind extinction varies from 2.1 to 13. These results point to the need for good experiments. Similarly, coherence of the propagating wavefronts is predicted to persist over longer distances in the crosswind direction. [S0001-4966(99)02702-2]. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Wilson, DK (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Wilson, D. Keith/A-4687-2012 OI Wilson, D. Keith/0000-0002-8020-6871 NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 105 IS 2 BP 658 EP 671 DI 10.1121/1.426257 PN 1 PG 14 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 161KL UT WOS:000078287800009 ER PT J AU Wilson, DK Havelock, DI Heyd, M Smith, MJ Noble, JM Auvermann, HJ AF Wilson, DK Havelock, DI Heyd, M Smith, MJ Noble, JM Auvermann, HJ TI Experimental determination of the effective structure-function parameter for atmospheric turbulence SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Letter ID PROPAGATION AB The effective structure-function parameter for scattering by atmospheric turbulent velocity fluctuations has normally been assumed to be C-eff(2) = 4C(v)(2)/c(0)(2), where C-v(2) is the velocity structure-function parameter and c(0) the sound speed. However, a new derivation by Ostashev [Waves Random Media 4, 403-428 (1994)], which takes into account the vectorial nature of the wind velocity field suggests that C-eff(2) = 22C(v)(2)/3c(0)(2) . An experiment was designed to determine the correct value of the coefficient. Sound-pressure amplitude variances were monitored fur several discrete frequencies between 380 and 3800 Hz, at distances up to 250 m. Cup and hot-wire anemometers were used to determine C-v(2). A theory for scattering by inertial-subrange turbulence was then used to calculate the C-eff(2) coefficient from the amplitude variance and C-v(2). Datasets recorded under different atmospheric conditions yielded different relationships between the coefficients and failed to verify either the 4 or 22/3 value. Some possible explanations for this behavior are discussed, including the need for more realistic meteorological modeling. (C) 1999 Acoustical Society of America. [S0001-4966(99)04302-7]. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Microstruct Sci, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. RP Wilson, DK (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Wilson, D. Keith/A-4687-2012 OI Wilson, D. Keith/0000-0002-8020-6871 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 105 IS 2 BP 912 EP 914 DI 10.1121/1.426279 PN 1 PG 3 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 161KL UT WOS:000078287800032 ER PT J AU Jensen, PS Watanabe, H AF Jensen, PS Watanabe, H TI Sherlock Holmes and child psychopathology assessment approaches: The case of the false-positive SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE assessment; diagnosis; screening; behavioral scales; psychopathology; Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children; Child Behavior Checklist ID DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW SCHEDULE; BEHAVIOR PROBLEM SYNDROMES; PSYCHIATRIC-DIAGNOSIS; CRITERION VALIDITY; SCALES; CONVERGENCE; ALGORITHMS; CONTEXT; ANXIETY; CBCL AB Objective: To explore the relative value of various methods of assessing childhood psychopathology, the authors compared 4 groups of children: those who met criteria for one or more DSM diagnoses and scored high on parent symptom checklists, those who met psychopathology criteria on either one of these two assessment approaches alone, and those who met no psychopathology assessment criterion. Method: Parents of 201 children completed the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), after which children and parents were administered the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children (version 2.1). Children and parents also completed other survey measures and symptom report inventories. The 4 groups of children were compared against "external validators" to examine the merits of "false-positive" and "false-negative" cases. Results: True-positive cases (those that met DSM criteria and scored high on the CBCL) differed significantly from the true-negative cases on most external validators. "False-positive" and "false-negative" cases had intermediate levels of most risk factors and external validators. "False-positive" cases were not normal per se because they scored significantly above the true-negative group on a number of risk factors and external validators. A similar but less marked pattern was noted for "false-negatives," Conclusions: Findings call into question whether cases with high symptom checklist scores despite no formal diagnoses should be considered "false-positive." Pending the availability of robust markets for mental illness, researchers and clinicians must resist the tendency to reify diagnostic categories or to engage in arcane debates about the superiority of one assessment approach over another. C1 NIMH, Dev Psychopathol Res Branch, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Mil Psychiat, Div Neuropsychiat, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Jensen, PS (reprint author), NIMH, Dev Psychopathol Res Branch, Parklawn Bldg,Room 18C-17,5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. OI Jensen, Peter/0000-0003-2387-0650 NR 38 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0890-8567 J9 J AM ACAD CHILD PSY JI J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 38 IS 2 BP 138 EP 146 DI 10.1097/00004583-199902000-00012 PG 9 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA 161KF UT WOS:000078287300012 PM 9951212 ER PT J AU Stashower, ME Rennie, TA Turiansky, GW Gilliland, WR AF Stashower, ME Rennie, TA Turiansky, GW Gilliland, WR TI Ovarian cancer presenting as leukocytoclastic vasculitis SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article AB We describe a 53-year-old woman with a 4-month history of palpable purpuric papules on the upper and lower extremities. Biopsy of the skin lesions revealed leukocytoclastic vasculitis. Although she denied any systemic symptoms, urinalysis demonstrated hematuria and proteinuria. Although the patient's skin lesions responded to prednisone, her urinary sis did not improve. A 10-cm complex mass involving the left ovary and adnexa was incidentally discovered on renal ultrasound. Serum CA-125, an ovarian cancer marker, was elevated. Laparotomy revealed ovarian carcinoma confined to the left ovary. After the cancer was resected, the patient's urinalysis slowly improved. Leukocytoclastic vasculitis (LCV) is infrequently associated with underlying malignancy and only rarely with solid tumors. We postulate that the patient's vasculitis represented a paraneoplastic phenomenon that allowed a diagnosis of asymptomatic ovarian carcinoma. To our knowledge, this is the first report of LCV occurring as the presenting sign of ovarian cancer. C1 Natl Naval Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Rheumatol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Serv Dermatol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Stashower, ME (reprint author), Natl Naval Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 7 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0190-9622 J9 J AM ACAD DERMATOL JI J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 40 IS 2 SU S BP 287 EP 289 DI 10.1016/S0190-9622(99)70466-4 PN 2 PG 3 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 165ET UT WOS:000078507800001 PM 10025849 ER PT J AU Burris, D Rhee, P Kaufmann, C Pikoulis, E Austin, B Eror, A DeBraux, S Guzzi, L Leppaniemi, A AF Burris, D Rhee, P Kaufmann, C Pikoulis, E Austin, B Eror, A DeBraux, S Guzzi, L Leppaniemi, A TI Controlled resuscitation for uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Annual Meeting of the Eastern-Association-for-the-Surgery-of-Trauma CY JAN 14-17, 1998 CL SANIBEL, FLORIDA SP E Assoc Surg Trauma DE uncontrolled hemorrhage; resuscitation; hypertonic saline; vascular trauma ID HYPERTONIC SALINE DEXTRAN; FLUID RESUSCITATION; HYPOTENSIVE PATIENTS; VASCULAR INJURY; MODEL; SURVIVAL; VOLUME; SWINE; RATS; HYPOTHERMIA AB Objective: To test the hypothesis that controlled resuscitation can lead to improved survival in otherwise fatal uncontrolled hemorrhage. Methods: Uncontrolled hemorrhage was induced in 86 rats with a 25-gauge needle puncture to the infrarenal aorta. Resuscitation 5 minutes after injury was continued for 2 hours with lactated Ringer's solution (LR), 7.3% hypertonic saline in 6% hetastarch (HH), or no fluid (NF). Fluids infused at 2 mL.kg(-1) min(-1) were turned on or off to maintain a mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 40, 80, or 100 mm Hg in six groups: NF, LR 40, LR 80, LR 100, HH 80, and HH 80. Blood loss was measured before and after 1 hour of resuscitation. Results: Survival was improved with fluids. Preresuscitation blood loss was similar in all groups, NF rats did not survive 4 hours. After 72 hours, LR 80 rats (80%) and HIT 40 rats (67%) showed improved survival over NF rats (0%) (p < 0.05). Rebleeding increased with MAP. Attempts to restore normal MAP (LR 100) led to increased blood loss and mortality. Conclusion: Controlled resuscitation leads to increased survival compared with no fluids or standard resuscitation, Fluid type affects results. Controlled fluid use should be considered when surgical care is not readily available. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Univ Helsinki, Cent Hosp, Helsinki, Finland. RP Burris, D (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM dburris@usuhs.mil NR 33 TC 97 Z9 113 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1079-6061 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD FEB PY 1999 VL 46 IS 2 BP 216 EP 222 DI 10.1097/00005373-199902000-00003 PG 7 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 166TT UT WOS:000078593800002 PM 10029024 ER PT J AU Thompson, IM AF Thompson, IM TI Comparison of digital rectal examination and biopsy results with the radical prostatectomy specimen - Comment SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, San Antonio, TX 78234 USA. RP Thompson, IM (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, San Antonio, TX 78234 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 161 IS 2 BP 498 EP 499 PG 2 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 158UZ UT WOS:000078136900037 ER PT J AU Piper, NY Thompson, IM AF Piper, NY Thompson, IM TI Large nephrogenic adenoma following transurethral resection of the prostate SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE prostate; adenoma; bladder C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, San Antonio, TX 78234 USA. RP Piper, NY (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, San Antonio, TX 78234 USA. NR 4 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 161 IS 2 BP 605 EP 605 DI 10.1016/S0022-5347(01)61964-5 PG 1 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 158UZ UT WOS:000078136900068 PM 9915460 ER PT J AU Lewis, MG Yalley-Ogunro, J Greenhouse, JJ Brennan, TP Jiang, JB VanCott, TC Lu, JC Eddy, GA Birx, DL AF Lewis, MG Yalley-Ogunro, J Greenhouse, JJ Brennan, TP Jiang, JB VanCott, TC Lu, JC Eddy, GA Birx, DL TI Limited protection from a pathogenic chimeric simian-human immunodeficiency virus challenge following immunization with attenuated simian immunodeficiency virus SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID RHESUS MACAQUES; NEF GENE; VIRAL DETERMINANTS; VACCINE PROTECTION; TYPE-1 INFECTION; LIVE; MONKEYS; HIV-1; SIV; DELETION AB Two live attenuated single-deletion mutant simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) constructs, SIV239 Delta nef and SIVPBj6.6 Delta nef, were tested for their abilities to stimulate protective immunity in macaques. During the immunization period the animals were examined for specific immune responses and virus growth. Each construct generated high levels of specific immunity in all of the immunized animals. The SIV239 Delta nef construct was found to grow to high levels in all immunized animals, with some animals remaining positive for virus isolation and plasma RNA throughout the immunization period. The SIVPBj6.6 Delta nef was effectively controlled by all of the immunized animals, with virus mostly isolated only during the first few months following immunization and plasma RNA never detected. Following an extended period of immunization of over 80 weeks, the animals were challenged with a pathogenic simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) isolate, SIV89.6PD, by intravenous injection. All of the SIV239 Delta nef-immunized animals became infected with the SHIV isolate; two of five animals eventually controlled the challenge and three of five animals, which failed to check the immunizing virus, progressed to disease state before the unvaccinated controls. One of five animals immunized with SIVPBj6.6 Delta nef totally resisted infection by the challenge virus, while three others limited its growth and the remaining animal became persistently infected and eventually died of a pulmonary thrombus. These data indicate that vaccination with attenuated SIV can protect macaques from disease and in some cases from infection by a divergent SHIV. However, if animals are unable to control the immunizing virus, potential damage that can accelerate the disease course of a pathogenic challenge virus may occur. C1 Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Retrovirol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Inst Virus Res, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Lewis, MG (reprint author), Henry M Jackson Fdn, 1600 E Gude Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. NR 47 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 73 IS 2 BP 1262 EP 1270 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 156TE UT WOS:000078017500045 PM 9882330 ER PT J AU Little, SF Ivins, BE AF Little, SF Ivins, BE TI Molecular pathogenesis of Bacillus anthracis infection SO MICROBES AND INFECTION LA English DT Review DE Bacillus anthracis; anthrax; pathogenesis; vaccine ID TOXIN PROTECTIVE ANTIGEN; LETHAL FACTOR COMPONENTS; ADENYLATE-CYCLASE; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; GUINEA-PIGS; BORDETELLA-PERTUSSIS; BACTERIAL TOXINS; RECEPTOR-BINDING; EDEMA FACTOR; COMPARATIVE EFFICACY AB This review summarizes the current knowledge pertaining to the pathogenesis of infection with Bacillus anthracis relative to the two exotoxins and the capsule. Emphasis is given to the structure and activities of the individual components of the exotoxins, their interaction with cells, and the response of macrophages to lethal toxin. Finally, results from vaccination studies are reviewed. (C) Elsevier, Paris. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Little, SF (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. NR 121 TC 86 Z9 90 U1 3 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1286-4579 J9 MICROBES INFECT JI Microbes Infect. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 1 IS 2 BP 131 EP 139 DI 10.1016/S1286-4579(99)80004-5 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 200GC UT WOS:000080530400004 PM 10594977 ER PT J AU Hajjar, SG AF Hajjar, SG TI The Israel-Syria track SO MIDDLE EAST POLICY LA English DT Article ID PEACE C1 USA, War Coll, Dept Natl Secur & Strategy, Carlisle, PA 17013 USA. RP Hajjar, SG (reprint author), USA, War Coll, Dept Natl Secur & Strategy, Carlisle, PA 17013 USA. NR 52 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MIDDLE EAST POLICY COUNCIL PI WASHINGTON PA 1730 M ST, NW, STE 512, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1061-1924 J9 MIDDLE EAST POLICY JI Middle East Policy PD FEB PY 1999 VL 6 IS 3 BP 112 EP 130 DI 10.1111/j.1475-4967.1999.tb00329.x PG 19 WC Area Studies; International Relations SC Area Studies; International Relations GA 176PQ UT WOS:000079161000009 ER PT J AU Knapik, JJ Reynolds, K Barson, J AF Knapik, JJ Reynolds, K Barson, J TI Risk factors for foot blisters during road marching: Tobacco use, ethnicity, foot type, previous illness, and other factors SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CIGARETTE-SMOKING; SMOKELESS TOBACCO; BLOOD-FLOW; AORTIC ENDOTHELIUM; ISCHEMIC NECROSIS; STRESS-FRACTURES; NICOTINE GUM; SKIN; RABBIT; RAT AB Three hundred thirty-nine freshmen participating in cadet basic training at the U.S. Military Academy completed a questionnaire that asked them about their previous military experience, gender, ethnicity, injuries and illness experienced in the last 12 months, foot type, cigarette smoking habits, smokeless tobacco use, alcohol consumption, and sleep habits. They then performed a 21-km road march in about 6.5 hours. Their feet were examined for blisters before and after the march. Univariate analysis showed that risk factors for foot blisters included ethnicity (blacks at lower risk than others), a sickness in the last 12 months, no previous active duty military experience, use of smokeless tobacco, and flat feet (pes planus). Logistic regression indicated that all of these were independent blister risk factors with the exception of no previous active duty military experience. C1 USA, Res Lab, Human Res & Engn Directorate, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med,Epidemiol Program, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21040 USA. RP Knapik, JJ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Human Res & Engn Directorate, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med,Epidemiol Program, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21040 USA. NR 61 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 164 IS 2 BP 92 EP 97 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 167UG UT WOS:000078651200005 PM 10050563 ER PT J AU De Lorenzo, RA Freid, RL Villarin, AR AF De Lorenzo, RA Freid, RL Villarin, AR TI Army aeromedical crash rates SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Background: Safety is a principal concern for everyone in aviation, including those in military and civilian aeromedical programs. The U.S. Army flies thousands of helicopter missions each year, including many aeromedical flights. The comparison between Army general and aeromedical aviation crash data provides a benchmark for establishing patterns in aeromedical safety and may be useful for similar programs examining safety profiles. Objectives: To determine the crash rates of Army aeromedical rotary-wing (helicopter) programs and compare them with crash rates in Army general aviation. Methods: Retrospective review of safety data from 1987 to 1995. Crashes or mishaps are categorized into three classes: A, B, and C, Class A reflects the most serious mishap and involves loss of life or aircraft destruction, whereas classes B and C represent lesser but still significant mishaps. Crash rates are compared on a year-by-year basis and are reported as events per 100,000 night hours. Statistical analysis was performed by the z test with Yates' correction, with significance set at p less than or equal to 0.05, Results: During the study period, 13.31 million total flight hours were recorded, with 741,000 aeromedical hours logged, The mean Army general aviation class A crash rate was 1.86 compared with the aeromedical rate of 2.02. The mean general class A to C crash rate was 7.37 compared with the aeromedical rate of 7.44. Between 1992 and 1995, there were 3 Sears when the Army aeromedical program suffered no class A mishaps. Differences between study groups are statistically significant, but they are interpreted conservatively given the very low incidence of mishaps in both groups. Both rates are comparable with published civilian mishap rates. Conclusions: There is a very low overall incidence of crashes in both groups. There may be no practical difference between Army general and aeromedical aviation mishap rates. Furthermore, Army crash rates are comparable with published civilian mishap rates. C1 USA, Dept Med Sci, Acad Hlth Sci, MCCS HMD, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP De Lorenzo, RA (reprint author), USA, Dept Med Sci, Acad Hlth Sci, MCCS HMD, 2721 McIdoe Rd, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 164 IS 2 BP 116 EP 118 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 167UG UT WOS:000078651200010 PM 10050568 ER PT J AU Choi, Y Frizzi, J Foley, A Harkabus, M AF Choi, Y Frizzi, J Foley, A Harkabus, M TI Patient satisfaction and results of vertical banded gastroplasty and gastric bypass SO OBESITY SURGERY LA English DT Article DE morbid obesity; bariatric surgery; therapy ID SURGICAL-TREATMENT; MORBID-OBESITY AB Background: Morbid obesity contributes to many health risks, including physical, emotional, and social problems. Various surgical treatments for morbid obesity have developed and have so far met with good results. This study compares vertical banded gastroplasty (VBG) with gastric bypass (GBP) and the patients' satisfaction with either procedure. Methods: Between April 1993 and July 1997, 63 bariatric surgical procedures were performed at Eisenhower Army Medical Center. Of those, complete follow-up was obtained for 29 patients. The parameters evaluated included age, preoperative and postoperative weights, body mass index (BMI), type of surgery, complications, and the patient's level of satisfaction. Results: The study group consisted of 27 women and 2 men. The average preoperative weight was 135 kg, and the average preoperative BMI was 48.3 kg/m(2). There were 17 VBGs and 12 GBPs performed. The average total weight loss was 45.1 kg. The average postoperative BMI was 33.2 kg/m(2). There were no statistically significant differences in weight loss between VBG and GBP. Four of 17 patients had complications after VBG, and three of 12 patients had complications after GBP. After VBG, 94.1% of patients were satisfied, and after GBP, 100% were satisfied. Twenty-seven of 28 patients stated that they would have the surgery again. Conclusion: There were no statistically significant differences in weight loss or complications after VBG or GBP. Patient satisfaction was high after both procedures. Therefore, bariatric surgery is important in the treatment of appropriately selected, morbidly obese patients. C1 DDEAMC, Gen Surg Serv, Dept Gen Surg, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. RP Harkabus, M (reprint author), DDEAMC, Gen Surg Serv, Dept Gen Surg, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. NR 11 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU F D-COMMUNICATIONS INC PI TORONTO PA 3100 BAYVIEW AVE, UNIT 4, TORONTO, ONTARIO MZN 5L3, CANADA SN 0960-8923 J9 OBES SURG JI Obes. Surg. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 9 IS 1 BP 33 EP 35 DI 10.1381/096089299765553719 PG 3 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 206DR UT WOS:000080862500009 PM 10065578 ER PT J AU Tomaski, SM Grundfast, KM AF Tomaski, SM Grundfast, KM TI A stepwise approach to the diagnosis and treatment of hereditary hearing loss SO PEDIATRIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID BRANCHIOOTORENAL SYNDROME; LINKAGE; GENE; LOCALIZATION; DEAFNESS; FAMILY AB The pediatrician can play a major role in the diagnosis, workup, and treatment of hereditary hearing impairment. Armed with the proper degree of suspicion, careful elicitation of family history, meticulous physical examination, evaluation of the audiogram, and adequate fund of knowledge of common types of genetic deafness, the pediatrician can make a timely diagnosis and appropriate referrals. Early detection and intervention are best done with a multidisciplinary team approach. In the future, blood tests using genetic probes may be available to screen for many types of hereditary hearing impairment. C1 Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Div Otolaryngol, Pediat Otolaryngol Serv, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Grundfast, KM (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, 3800 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington, DC 20007 USA. NR 25 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0031-3955 J9 PEDIATR CLIN N AM JI Pediatr. Clin. N. Am. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 46 IS 1 BP 35 EP + DI 10.1016/S0031-3955(05)70079-1 PG 15 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 167FV UT WOS:000078622600004 PM 10079788 ER PT J AU Reynolds, KL White, JS Knapik, JJ Witt, CE Amoroso, PJ AF Reynolds, KL White, JS Knapik, JJ Witt, CE Amoroso, PJ TI Injuries and risk factors in a 100-mile (161-km) infantry road march SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE soldiers; infantry; marching; blisters; smoking; age ID BACK-PAIN; SMOKING; SOLDIERS; FITNESS; WOMEN; LOADS; ARMY; MEN AB Background. Light infantry soldiers (N = 218) completed a 161-km cross-country march over 5 days carrying an average +/- SD load mass (i.e., the weight of all equipment and clothing) of 47 +/- 5 kg. Methods. Prior to the march, height, weight, body fat, and physical fitness (3.2-km run, sit-ups, push ups) were measured. Soldiers completed a demographic questionnaire which included questions on age and tobacco use history. Results. Thirty-six percent (78/218) of the soldiers suffered one or more injuries. Of the total injuries, 48% presented were blisters and 18% were foot pain (not otherwise specified). Eight percent (17/218) of the soldiers were unable to complete the march because of injuries. Thirty five percent (27/78) of the injured soldiers had 1 or more limited duty days for a total of 69 days. Risk of injury was higher among smokers (risk ratio = 1.8, P = 0.03 compared to nonsmokers) and lower among older soldiers (risk ratio = 3.2, P = 0.02, <20 years compared to >24 years). Conclusions. Carrying heavy loads over long distances can result in a high injury incidence to the lower body, since 36% of soldiers were injured during the 161-km march. Smoking and younger age (<20 years) were independent risk factors for injuries. (C) 1999 American Health Foundation and Academic Press. C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Mil Performance Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. AMEDD Ctr & Sch, Dept Med Sci, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Reynolds, KL (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Mil Performance Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 36 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 28 IS 2 BP 167 EP 173 DI 10.1006/pmed.1998.0396 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 165EC UT WOS:000078506100008 PM 10048108 ER PT J AU Edenfield, WJ Gore, SD AF Edenfield, WJ Gore, SD TI Stage-specific application of allogeneic and autologous marrow transplantation in the management of acute myeloid leukemia SO SEMINARS IN ONCOLOGY LA English DT Review ID ACUTE MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA; ACUTE NONLYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA; ACUTE MYELOBLASTIC-LEUKEMIA; ACUTE NONLYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA; PROSPECTIVE CONTROLLED TRIAL; ACUTE MYELOCYTIC-LEUKEMIA; STEM-CELL TRANSPLANTATION; UNTREATED 1ST RELAPSE; ADULT ACUTE-LEUKEMIA; BONE-MARROW C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Johns Hopkins Oncol Ctr, Div Hematol Malignancies, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Hematol Oncol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Gore, SD (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Johns Hopkins Oncol Ctr, Div Hematol Malignancies, 600 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. NR 112 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0093-7754 J9 SEMIN ONCOL JI Semin. Oncol. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 26 IS 1 BP 21 EP 34 PG 14 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 171FM UT WOS:000078852100006 PM 10073559 ER PT J AU Waselenko, JK Flynn, JM Byrd, JC AF Waselenko, JK Flynn, JM Byrd, JC TI Stem-cell transplantation in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: The time for designing randomized studies has arrived SO SEMINARS IN ONCOLOGY LA English DT Review ID BONE-MARROW TRANSPLANTATION; GRAFT-VERSUS-LEUKEMIA; PROGENITOR CELLS; HOST DISEASE; MULTIPLE-MYELOMA; B-CLL; BLOOD; FLUDARABINE; THERAPY; CHEMOTHERAPY C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Hematol Oncol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Hematol Oncol Serv, San Antonio, TX USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Johns Hopkins Oncol Ctr, Div Hematol Malignancies, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Byrd, JC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Hematol Oncol Serv, Ward 78, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 98 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0093-7754 J9 SEMIN ONCOL JI Semin. Oncol. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 26 IS 1 BP 48 EP 61 PG 14 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 171FM UT WOS:000078852100008 PM 10073561 ER PT J AU Cioch, FA Sieh, L AF Cioch, FA Sieh, L TI A software architecture for interoperable, evolvable, near real-time simulations SO SIMULATION LA English DT Article DE legacy systems; evolvability; interoperability; architectural design; object-oriented design; near-real-time simulations; military simulation AB An architecture based on the design concept of data communication encapsulation via a layer of abstraction has been developed for simulations to interoperate asynchronously in near real time. It has been used to develop ground vehicle simulations for a variety of Army programs. One benefit is that resulting simulations are interoperable and evolvable to accommodate technological and methodological advances in hardware and software. The development process also benefits, because in order to effectively utilize the architecture, designers must first specify all subsystem interactions. This facilitates requirements-to-design mapping before coding, reduces rework during system integration and promotes designing using application domain concepts. C1 Oakland Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Rochester, MI 48309 USA. USA, Vetron Technol Ctr, Tank Automot & Armaments Command, Warren, MI USA. RP Oakland Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Rochester, MI 48309 USA. EM cioch@oakland.edu; siehl@cc.tacom.army.mil NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SIMULATION COUNCILS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 17900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92117 USA SN 0037-5497 J9 SIMULATION JI Simulation PD FEB PY 1999 VL 72 IS 2 BP 78 EP 89 DI 10.1177/003754979907200202 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 176AF UT WOS:000079127900002 ER PT J AU Kuperman, RG AF Kuperman, RG TI Litter decomposition and nutrient dynamics in oak-hickory forests along a historic gradient of nitrogen and sulfur deposition SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE litter decomposition; atmospheric deposition; nitrogen; sulfur; phosphorus; nutrient dynamics ID SAN-BERNARDINO MOUNTAINS; LEAF-LITTER; ACIDIC DEPOSITION; PINE FOREST; POLLUTION; SATURATION; INPUTS; SOILS; ECOSYSTEMS; LIMITATION AB White oak (Quercus alba L.) leaf litter decomposition rates and patterns of N, S and P immobilization and release in decomposing litter were quantified in oak-hickory forests in the Ohio river valley along a long-term (several decades) bulk atmospheric deposition gradient from Illinois, Indiana to Ohio. Historical data on deposition patterns between 1956-1985 showed that 30-y cumulative annual total (wet + dry) SO4-S concentrations were 19.9, 20.8 and 23.9 kg ha(-1) y(-1) and total (wet + dry) N concentrations were 5.99, 6.57 and 7.50 kg ha(-1) y(-1) in Illinois, Indiana and Ohio, respectively. In 1988-1989, amounts of total dry N deposition in Illinois, Indiana and Ohio were, respectively 2.71, 3.21, and 3.88 kg ha(-1) y(-1). Annual decay rates based on 19 months of decomposition data increased (p < 0.05) with increased N deposition and were -0.294, -0.480, and -0.720, respectively. The decay rates correlated highly with both the total N concentration in the forest floor (r(2) = 0.869, p < 0.0001) and the amount of total dry N deposition (r(2) = 0.999, p = 0.007). Nitrogen mineralization from the litter was highest in Ohio and lowest in Illinois. Immobilization of S and P occurred only in Illinois. Litter at both the Ohio and Indiana sites showed a net mineralization of S and P but the rates were higher in Ohio. The results of the study suggest that atmospheric N inputs can affect litter decomposition and nutrient mineralization in oak-hickory forests in the lower Midwestern United States. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Edgewood Res Dev & Engn Ctr, SCBRD RTL E5641, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Kuperman, RG (reprint author), USA, Edgewood Res Dev & Engn Ctr, SCBRD RTL E5641, 5232 Fleming Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM rgkuperm@c-mail.apgea.army.mil RI Kuperman, Roman/D-4297-2009 NR 44 TC 35 Z9 64 U1 11 U2 31 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 31 IS 2 BP 237 EP 244 DI 10.1016/S0038-0717(98)00105-9 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 173XY UT WOS:000079006100008 ER PT J AU Jones, BH Knapik, JJ AF Jones, BH Knapik, JJ TI Physical training and exercise-related injuries - Surveillance, research and injury prevention in military populations SO SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID INFANTRY SOLDIERS; ATHLETIC INJURIES; STRESS-FRACTURES; UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS; FITNESS; TRAINEES; STRENGTH; SPORTS; ARMY AB Athletes and soldiers must both develop and maintain high levels of physical fitness for the physically demanding tasks they perform; however, the routine physical activity necessary to achieve and sustain fitness can result in training-related injuries. This article reviews data from a systematic injury control programme developed by the US Army. Injury control requires 5 major steps: (i) surveillance to determine the size of the injury problem; (ii) studies to determine causes and risk factors for these injuries; (iii) studies to ascertain whether proposed interventions actually reduce injuries; (iv) implementation of effective interventions; and (v) monitoring to see whether interventions retain their effectiveness. Medical surveillance data from the US Army indicate that unintentional (accidental) injuries cause about 50% of deaths, 50% of disabilities, 30% of hospitalisations and 40 to 60% of outpatient visits. Epidemiological surveys show that the cumulative incidence of injuries (requiring an outpatient visit) in the 8 weeks of US Army basic training is about 25% for men and 55% for women; incidence rates for operational infantry, special forces and ranger units an about 10 to 12 injuries/100 soldier-months. Of the limited-duty days accrued by trainees and infantry soldiers who were treated in outpatient clinics, 80 to 90% were the result of training-related injuries. US Army studies document a number of potentially modifiable risk factors for these injuries, which include high amounts of running, low levels of physical fitness, high and law levels of flexibility, sedentary lifestyle and tobacco use, amongst others. Studies directed at interventions showed that limiting running distance can reduce the risk for stress fractures, that the use of ankle braces can reduce the likelihood of ankle sprains during airborne operations and that the use of shuck-absorbing insoles does not reduce stress fractures during training. The US Army continues to develop a comprehensive injury prevention programme encompassing surveillance, research, programme implementation and monitoring. The findings from this programme, and the general principles of injury control therein, have a wide application in civilian sports and exercise programmes. C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Directorate Epidemiol & Dis Surveillance, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Jones, BH (reprint author), Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-63, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 61 TC 144 Z9 152 U1 2 U2 11 PU ADIS INTERNATIONAL LTD PI AUCKLAND PA 41 CENTORIAN DR, PRIVATE BAG 65901, MAIRANGI BAY, AUCKLAND 10, NEW ZEALAND SN 0112-1642 J9 SPORTS MED JI Sports Med. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 27 IS 2 BP 111 EP 125 DI 10.2165/00007256-199927020-00004 PG 15 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 176AB UT WOS:000079127500004 PM 10091275 ER PT J AU Akkara, JA Ayyagari, MSR Bruno, FF AF Akkara, JA Ayyagari, MSR Bruno, FF TI Enzymatic synthesis and modification of polymers in nonaqueous solvents SO TRENDS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RING-OPENING POLYMERIZATION; ORGANIC-SOLVENTS; POLYSACCHARIDE SYNTHESIS; BIOCATALYTIC SYNTHESIS; SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS; CATALYZED REACTIONS; PEROXIDASE; ENZYMES; LIPASE; WATER AB Enzymes catalyse several reactions that are difficult to perform with chemical catalysts and that are important in the synthesis and modification of different polymers in organic solvents. In enzyme-based synthesis, alteration of the reaction medium can have a significant influence on the molecular weight, polydispersity, yield and architecture of the polymers that are produced. Modification of these macromolecules for industrial applications requires an understanding of the different reaction strategies involved. C1 USA, Soldier Syst Command, Natick Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Akkara, JA (reprint author), USA, Soldier Syst Command, Natick Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 38 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0167-7799 J9 TRENDS BIOTECHNOL JI Trends Biotechnol. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 17 IS 2 BP 67 EP 73 DI 10.1016/S0167-7799(98)01270-0 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 181AP UT WOS:000079418700006 PM 10087606 ER PT J AU Morey, AF Hernandez, J McAninch, JW AF Morey, AF Hernandez, J McAninch, JW TI Reconstructive surgery for trauma of the lower urinary tract SO UROLOGIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID URETHRAL INJURIES; GUNSHOT INJURIES; ANTERIOR URETHRA; BLADDER RUPTURE; PENILE FRACTURE; MANAGEMENT; SONOURETHROGRAPHY; DISRUPTION; DIAGNOSIS AB Blunt external trauma is the most common cause of injuries of the lower urinary tract. Minor injuries often heal uneventfully with catheter drainage. Penetrating traumas are best treated with primary repair. Delayed reconstruction of urethral disruption injuries is safe and effective in the majority of cases, but immediate realignment is an attractive, minimally invasive alternative. Pelvic MR imaging and urethral ultrasound are important ancillary staging studies for evaluating patients who require complex urethral reconstruction. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Urol Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Urol, San Francisco, CA USA. San Francisco Gen Hosp, Urol Serv, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA. RP Morey, AF (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Urol Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 36 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0094-0143 J9 UROL CLIN N AM JI Urol. Clin. N. Am. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 26 IS 1 BP 49 EP + PG 13 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 171JC UT WOS:000078859000005 PM 10086050 ER PT J AU Yang, DQ Goodison, BE Metcalfe, JR Louie, P Leavesley, G Emerson, D Hanson, CL Golubev, VS Elomaa, E Gunther, T Pangburn, T Kang, E Milkovic, J AF Yang, DQ Goodison, BE Metcalfe, JR Louie, P Leavesley, G Emerson, D Hanson, CL Golubev, VS Elomaa, E Gunther, T Pangburn, T Kang, E Milkovic, J TI Quantification of precipitation measurement discontinuity induced by wind shields on national gauges SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID POINT PRECIPITATION; UNITED-STATES; ACCURACY; VARIABILITY; CANADA AB Various combinations of wind shields and national precipitation gauges commonly used in countries of the northern hemisphere have been studied in this paper, using the combined intercomparison data collected at 14 sites during the World Meteorological Organization's (WMO) Solid Precipitation Measurement Intercomparison Project. The results show that wind shields improve gauge catch of precipitation, particularly for snow. Shielded gauges, on average, measure 20-70% more snow than unshielded gauges. Without a doubt, the use of wind shields on precipitation gauges has introduced a significant discontinuity into precipitation records,particularly in cold and windy regions. This discontinuity is not constant and it varies with wind speed, temperature, and precipitation type. Adjustment for this discontinuity is necessary to obtain homogenous precipitation data for climate change and hydrological studies. The relation of the relative catch ratio (RCR, ratio of measurements of shielded gauge to unshielded gauge) versus wind speed and temperature has been developed for Alter and Tretyakov wind shields. Strong linear relations between measurements of shielded gauge and unshielded gauge have also been found for different precipitation types. The linear relation does not fully take into account the varying effect of wind and temperature on gauge catch. Overadjustment by the linear relation may occur at those sites with lower wind speeds, and underadjustment may occur at those stations with higher wind speeds. The RCR technique is anticipated to be more applicable in a wide range of climate conditions. The RCR technique and the linear relation have been tested at selected WMO intercomparison stations, and reasonable agreement between the adjusted amounts and the shielded gauge measurements was obtained at most of the sites. Test application of the developed methodologies to a regional or national network is therefore recommended to further evaluate their applicability in different climate conditions. Significant increase of precipitation is expected due to the adjustment particularly in high latitudes and other cold regions. This will have a meaningful impact on climate variation and change analyses. C1 Inst Global Change Res, Minato Ku, Tokyo, Japan. Atmospher Environm Serv, Climate Res Branch, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. ARS, USDA, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. State Hydrol Inst, St Petersburg 199053, Russia. Finnish Meteorol Inst, SF-00101 Helsinki, Finland. German Weather Serv, D-1115 Berlin, Germany. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Lanzhou Inst Glaciol & Geocryol, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China. Hydrometeorol Inst, Zagreb 41001, Croatia. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. RP Yang, DQ (reprint author), Inst Global Change Res, Minato Ku, SEAVANS Bldg N,7th Floor,1-2-1 Shibaura, Tokyo, Japan. NR 50 TC 51 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD FEB PY 1999 VL 35 IS 2 BP 491 EP 508 DI 10.1029/1998WR900042 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 160FY UT WOS:000078220800013 ER PT J AU Chin, ESC AF Chin, ESC TI Army focused research team on functionally graded armor composites SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT TMS Symposium on Processing-Structure-Property Relationship of Composite Interfaces CY FEB 15-18, 1998 CL SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS DE weapon; metal matrix composites; Army; armor AB With the emphasis on smaller but more mobile combat forces to meet a broad range of mission requirements, future weapon platforms and upgrades will require materials to do better, do more, weigh less, size less and cost less. Metal matrix composites (MMCs) are such material candidates for niche Army applications such as armor, armaments, and vehicle structures. Under the shadow of shrinking resources, a focused research team (FRT) composed of the US Army Research Laboratory (ARL), academia, and small business was assembled to address MMC issues for Army applications. The immediate focus of this team is on the development of MMCs with a tailored ceramic-to-metal through-thickness gradient known as functionally graded armor composites (FGACs). The goal is to provide the science and technology to deliver a high space and mass efficient armor material for ballistic protection against light to medium threats. Technical issues being addressed by this team encompass the role of microstructure in affecting the dynamic flow and ballistic performance of FGACs, high-resolution non-destructive evaluation (NDE) techniques, joining FGACs to dissimilar materials, and the availability of versatile low-cost near-net-shape processing of FGACs. In this paper, highlights from these activities are presented. They include high-strain-rate testing and modeling, apertureless near-field optical scanning microscopy (ANSOM) of FGACs, micro- and nano-scale self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) reactions, ballistic evaluation, and pressure assisted casting. These efforts represent key technologies necessary for prompt delivery of FGAC technology to the warfighter. (C) Published by 1999 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Chin, ESC (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 10 TC 80 Z9 83 U1 4 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JAN 31 PY 1999 VL 259 IS 2 BP 155 EP 161 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(98)00883-1 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 162ET UT WOS:000078333100002 ER PT J AU Wraback, M Shen, H Liang, S Goria, CR Lu, Y AF Wraback, M Shen, H Liang, S Goria, CR Lu, Y TI High contrast, ultrafast optically addressed ultraviolet light modulator based upon optical anisotropy in ZnO films grown on R-plane sapphire SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE-QUANTUM WELLS; POLARIZATION ROTATION; UNIAXIAL STRAIN; NONLINEARITIES AB An optically addressed ultraviolet light modulator has been demonstrated which exploits the optical anisotropy in a ZnO film epitaxially grown on (01 (1) over bar 2) sapphire. This device achieves both high contrast and high speed by exploiting the anisotropic bleaching of the anisotropic absorption and concomitant ultrafast polarization rotation near the lowest exciton resonances produced by femtosecond ultraviolet pulses. The resultant modulation is characterized by a contrast ratio of 70:1, corresponding to a dynamic polarization rotation of 12 degrees, and it decays to a quasiequilibrium value within 100 ps. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(99)00304-6]. C1 USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, AMSRL SE EM, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Coll Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP Wraback, M (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, AMSRL SE EM, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 18 TC 132 Z9 134 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 25 PY 1999 VL 74 IS 4 BP 507 EP 509 DI 10.1063/1.124223 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 159LP UT WOS:000078174800009 ER PT J AU Katulka, G Guedj, C Kolodzey, J Wilson, RG Swann, C Tsao, MW Rabolt, J AF Katulka, G Guedj, C Kolodzey, J Wilson, RG Swann, C Tsao, MW Rabolt, J TI Electrical and optical properties of Ge-implanted 4H-SiC SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB The structural, electronic, and optical properties of single crystalline n-type 4H-SiC implanted with Ge atoms have been investigated through x-ray diffraction (XRD), Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS), Raman spectroscopy, and sheet resistivity measurements. Ge atoms are implanted under the conditions of a 300 keV ion beam energy with a dose of 2 x 10(16) cm(-2). X-ray diffraction of the Ge-implanted sample showed broadening of the Bragg peaks. A shoulder on the (0004) reflection indicated an increase in the lattice constant corresponding to substitutional Ge and implantation induced lattice damage, which was repaired through thermal annealing at 1000 degrees C. The diffraction pattern after annealing indicated improved crystal structure and a peak shift to a lower reflection angle of 35.2 degrees. The composition of Ge detected through XRD was reasonably consistent with RBS measurements that indicated 1.2% Ge in a 1600-Angstrom-thick layer near the SiC surface. Raman spectroscopy also showed fundamental differences in the spectra obtained for the Ge-implanted SiC (SiC:Ge) compared to a pure sample of SiC. Sheet resistivity measurements indicate a higher conductivity in the Ge implant by a factor of 1.94 compared to unimplanted SiC. These results have demonstrated the possibility of substitutional implantation of Ge atoms into the crystalline lattice of 4H-SiC substrates. The change in composition and properties may have numerous electronic device applications including high power, high temperature, optoelectronic, as well as high frequency device structures. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(99)02504-8]. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Univ Delaware, Bartol Res Inst, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Katulka, G (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 6 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 25 PY 1999 VL 74 IS 4 BP 540 EP 542 DI 10.1063/1.123186 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 159LP UT WOS:000078174800020 ER PT J AU Roberts, CW Finnerty, J Johnson, JJ Roberts, F Kyle, DE Krell, T Coggins, JR Coombs, GH Milhous, WK Tzipori, S Ferguson, DJP Chakrabarti, D McLeod, R AF Roberts, CW Finnerty, J Johnson, JJ Roberts, F Kyle, DE Krell, T Coggins, JR Coombs, GH Milhous, WK Tzipori, S Ferguson, DJP Chakrabarti, D McLeod, R TI Shikimate pathway in apicomplexan parasites - Reply SO NATURE LA English DT Letter C1 Univ Chicago, Dept Organismal Biol & Anat, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Univ Glasgow, Inst Biomed & Life Sci, Glasgow G12 0YN, Lanark, Scotland. Tufts Univ, Sch Vet Med, Boston, MA 01536 USA. Univ Oxford, John Radcliffe Hosp, Oxford OX3 9DU, England. Univ Cent Florida, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. Michael Reese Hosp & Med Ctr, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. Univ Strathclyde, Dept Immunol, Glasgow G4 0NR, Lanark, Scotland. RP Roberts, CW (reprint author), Univ Strathclyde, Dept Immunol, Glasgow G4 0NR, Lanark, Scotland. RI Roberts, Craig/B-8016-2008 OI Roberts, Craig/0000-0002-0653-835X NR 4 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JAN 21 PY 1999 VL 397 IS 6716 BP 220 EP 220 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 159QH UT WOS:000078184800038 ER PT J AU Gaydos, CA Quinn, TC McKee, KT Gaydos, JC AF Gaydos, CA Quinn, TC McKee, KT Gaydos, JC TI Chlamydia infections in female military recruits - Reply SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID DISEASE C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Womack Army Med Ctr, Ft Bragg, NC 28307 USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. RP Gaydos, CA (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RI Gaydos, Charlotte/E-9937-2010 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JAN 21 PY 1999 VL 340 IS 3 BP 237 EP 238 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 159YJ UT WOS:000078202900022 ER PT J AU Strickland, BR Lavan, MJ Woodbridge, E Chan, V AF Strickland, BR Lavan, MJ Woodbridge, E Chan, V TI Effects of fog on the bit-error rate of a free-space laser communication system SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID VALIDATION; AIRCRAFT AB Free-space laser communication (lasercom) systems are subject to performance degradation when heavy fog or smoke obscures the line of sight. The bit-error rate (BER) of a high-bandwidth (570 Mbits/s) lasercom system was correlated with the atmospheric transmission over a folded path of 2.4 km. BER's of 10(-7) were observed when the atmospheric transmission was as low as 0.25%, whereas BER's of less than 10(-10) were observed when the transmission was above 2.5%. System performance was approximately 10 dB less than calculated, with the discrepancy attributed to scintillation, multiple scattering, and absorption. Peak power of the 810-nm communications laser was 186 mW, and the beam divergence was purposely degraded to 830 mu rad. These results were achieved without the use of error correction schemes or active tracking. An optimized system with narrower beam divergence and active tracking could be expected to yield significantly better performance. (C) 1999 Optical Society of America. C1 USA, Space & Missile Def Command, Huntsville, AL 35807 USA. Trex Commun Corp, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. AstroTerra Corp, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. RP Strickland, BR (reprint author), USA, Space & Missile Def Command, POB 1500, Huntsville, AL 35807 USA. NR 21 TC 61 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 8 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JAN 20 PY 1999 VL 38 IS 3 BP 424 EP 431 DI 10.1364/AO.38.000424 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 160QT UT WOS:000078243000002 PM 18305630 ER PT J AU Berigan, TR Deagle, EA AF Berigan, TR Deagle, EA TI Treatment of smokeless tobacco addiction with bupropion and behavior modification SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 82D Airborne Div, Ft Bragg, NC 28307 USA. RP Berigan, TR (reprint author), 82D Airborne Div, Ft Bragg, NC 28307 USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 20 PY 1999 VL 281 IS 3 BP 233 EP 233 DI 10.1001/jama.281.3.233-b PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 157GK UT WOS:000078052800025 PM 9918477 ER PT J AU van der Veen, CJ Whillans, IM Gow, AJ AF van der Veen, CJ Whillans, IM Gow, AJ TI On the frequency distribution of net annual snow accumulation at the South Pole SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article AB The frequency distribution of stratigraphic layer thickness in cores and a snowmine at South Pole is not compatible with a significant number (> 1%) of missing layers associated with zero-accumulation years inferred from pole-height measurements. A reconciliation of these data sets is needed if observed stratigraphic records are to be used as reliable paleoclimate indicators. Three explanations for the discrepancy are offered, namely (i) during a significant number of years, a visible stratigraphic horizon does not form or is not identified, (ii) the true distribution is characterized by two maxima, with a secondary maximum centered around zero layer thickness, or (iii) the pole-height measurements are misinterpreted and there are very few zero-accumulation years at South Pole. With the currently available data, it is not possible to discriminate among these three possibilities. C1 Ohio State Univ, Byrd Polar Res Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP van der Veen, CJ (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Byrd Polar Res Ctr, 1090 Carmack Rd, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 11 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 15 PY 1999 VL 26 IS 2 BP 239 EP 242 DI 10.1029/1998GL900271 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 160JE UT WOS:000078226200026 ER PT J AU Yeckel, A Derby, JJ AF Yeckel, A Derby, JJ TI On setting a pressure datum when computing incompressible flows SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS; LID-DRIVEN CAVITY; FEM SOLUTIONS; SYSTEMS; COMPUTATIONS; GMRES; CURE AB The conventional approach to set the pressure level in a finite element discretization of an enclosed, steady, incompressible flow is to discard a continuity residual and set the associated pressure basis function coefficient to a desired value. Two issues surrounding this setting of a pressure datum are explored. First, it is shown that setting a boundary traction at a single node, in lieu of a Dirichlet velocity condition, is a preferred alternative for use with pressure-stabilized finite element methods. Second, it is shown that setting a pressure datum can slow or even stop the convergence of a GMRES-based iterative solver; though by some appearances a solution may appear to be converged, significant local errors in the velocity may exist. Under such circumstances it is preferable to solve the consistent singular system of equations, rather than setting a pressure datum. It is shown that GMRES converges in such cases, implicitly setting a pressure level that is determined from the initial guess. Copyright (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Army High Performance Comp Res Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Derby, JJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Army High Performance Comp Res Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM derby@maroon.tc.umn.edu RI Derby, Jeffrey/B-9706-2009; OI Derby, Jeffrey/0000-0001-6418-2155 NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0271-2091 J9 INT J NUMER METH FL JI Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids PD JAN 15 PY 1999 VL 29 IS 1 BP 19 EP 34 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0363(19990115)29:1<19::AID-FLD758>3.0.CO;2-0 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Computer Science; Mathematics; Mechanics; Physics GA 158PL UT WOS:000078123900002 ER PT J AU Hood, RR Wang, HV Purcell, JE Houde, ED Harding, LW AF Hood, RR Wang, HV Purcell, JE Houde, ED Harding, LW TI Modeling particles and pelagic organisms in Chesapeake Bay: Convergent features control plankton distributions SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID CHLOROPHYLL CONCENTRATIONS; ALGAL BLOOMS; BIOMASS; FRONTS AB A two-dimensional Lagrangian particle trajectory model is described and used to study how surface currents transport particles and, by analogy, plankton in Chesapeake Bay, United States. It is shown that persistent patches of high particle concentration develop in well-defined regions along the eastern shore and in the lower reaches of some western shore tributaries due to a combination of passive accumulation of particles in areas where the flushing rate is low and convergence. In the model the highest particle concentrations in the Chesapeake consistently develop in the lower bay (latitude 37.1 degrees-37.7 degrees N). in two specific regions near the shore of Cape Charles where convergence and downwelling occur. It is shown that one of these is associated with a strong and persistent, residual cyclonic eddy located over an abrupt change in bottom topography. Recent bay wide held surveys reveal that various planktonic groups, including phytoplankton, zooplankton, and bay anchovy eggs and larvae, have maximum abundances in the vicinity of this eddy. It is argued that these convergent areas are important features that have a strong influence an plankton distributions and that they provide consistently high food concentrations for higher trophic levels. C1 Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Cambridge, MD 21613 USA. USA, Coastal Engn Res Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Hood, RR (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, 2020 Horn Point Rd, Cambridge, MD 21613 USA. RI Purcell, Jennifer/E-9991-2011; hood, raleigh/F-9364-2013; Houde, Edward/D-8498-2012 NR 34 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JAN 15 PY 1999 VL 104 IS C1 BP 1223 EP 1243 DI 10.1029/1998JC900020 PG 21 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 158LE UT WOS:000078116300003 ER PT J AU Tucker, WB Gow, AJ Meese, DA Bosworth, HW Reimnitz, E AF Tucker, WB Gow, AJ Meese, DA Bosworth, HW Reimnitz, E TI Physical characteristics of summer sea ice across the Arctic Ocean SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID SEDIMENT EXPORT; BEAUFORT SEA; FRAM STRAIT; FREEZE-UP; TRANSPORT; ALASKA; ENTRAINMENT; THICKNESS; MODEL; MELT AB Sea ice characteristics were investigated during July and August on the 1994 transect across the Arctic Ocean. Properties examined from ice cores included salinity, temperature, and ice structure. Salinities measured near zero at the surface, increasing to 3-4 parts per thousand at the ice-water interface. Ice crystal texture was dominated by columnar ice, comprising 90% of the ice sampled. Surface albedos of various ice types, measured with radiometers, showed integrated shortwave albedos of 0.1 to 0.3 for melt ponds, 0.5 for bare, discolored ice, and 0.6 to 0.8 for a deteriorated surface or snow-covered ice. Aerial photography was utilized to document the distribution of open melt ponds, which decreased from 12% coverage of the ice surface in late July at 76 degrees N to almost none in mid-August at 88 degrees N. Most melt ponds were shallow, and depth bore no relationship to size. Sediment was pervasive from the Southern Chukchi Sea to the north pole, occurring in bands or patches. It was absent in the Eurasian Arctic, where it dad been observed on earlier expeditions. Calculations of reverse trajectories of the sediment-bearing floes; suggest that the southernmost sediment was entrained during ice formation in the Beaufort Sea while more northerly samples probably originated in the East Siberian Sea, same as far west as the New Siberian Islands. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP Tucker, WB (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 64 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JAN 15 PY 1999 VL 104 IS C1 BP 1489 EP 1504 DI 10.1029/98JC02607 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 158LE UT WOS:000078116300018 ER PT J AU Pan, YL Holler, S Chang, RK Hill, SC Pinnick, RG Niles, S Bottiger, JR AF Pan, YL Holler, S Chang, RK Hill, SC Pinnick, RG Niles, S Bottiger, JR TI Single-shot fluorescence spectra of individual micrometer-sized bioaerosols illuminated by a 351- or a 266-nm ultraviolet laser SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PARTICLES AB Reproducible fluorescence spectra of individual 2- to 5-mu m-diameter biological aerosol particles excited with a single shot from a Q-switched laser (266 or 351 nm) have been obtained with highly improved signal-to-noise ratios. Critical to the advance are crossed diode-laser trigger beams, which precisely define the sample volume, and a reflecting objective, which minimizes chromatic aberration and has a large N.A. for collecting fluorescence. Several allergens (red oak, meadow oat pollen, paper mulberry pollen, and puffball spores) have different fluorescence spectra. Bacillus subtilis fluorescence spectrum deteriorates at high 266-nm incident intensity. Dry riboflavin particles illuminated with a 351-nm light exhibit a new 420-nm fluorescence peak that grows nonlinearly with laser pulse energy. (C) 1999 Optical Society of America. C1 Yale Univ, Dept Appl Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Yale Univ, Ctr Laser Diagnost, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. USA, Edgewood Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Pan, YL (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Appl Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RI cheer, lee/A-2413-2011 NR 8 TC 78 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 9 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD JAN 15 PY 1999 VL 24 IS 2 BP 116 EP 118 DI 10.1364/OL.24.000116 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 157WZ UT WOS:000078085800016 PM 18071426 ER PT J AU Lu, ST Mathur, SP Akyel, Y Lee, JC AF Lu, ST Mathur, SP Akyel, Y Lee, JC TI Ultrawide-band electromagnetic pulses induced hypotension in rats SO PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE arterial pressure; heart rate; pulsed radiofrequency radiation; ultrawide-band radiation; delayed effects ID LETHAL HEAT-STRESS; BLOOD-PRESSURE; RADIOFREQUENCY IRRADIATION; CARDIOVASCULAR CHANGES; H-ORIENTATION; RADIATION; EXPOSURE; RESPONSES; MICROWAVES; FIELDS AB The ultrawide-band (:UWB) electromagnetic pulses are used as a new modality in radar technology. Biological effects of extremely high peak E-field, fast rise time, ultrashort pulse width, and ultrawide band have not been investigated heretofore due to the lack of animal exposure facilities. A new biological effects database is needed to establish personnel protection guidelines for these new type of radiofrequency radiation. Functional indices of the cardiovascular system (heart rate, systolic, mean, and diastolic pressures) were selected to represent biological end points that may be susceptible to the UWB radiation. A noninvasive tail-cuff photoelectric sensor sphygmomanometer was used. Male Wistar-Kyoto rats were subjected to sham exposure, 05-kHz (93 kV/m, 180 ps rise time, 1.00 ns pulse width, whole-body averaged specific absorption rate, SAR = 70 mW/kg) or a 1-kHz (85 kV/m, 200 ps rise time, 1.03 ns pulse width, SAR = 121 mW/kg) UWB fields in a tapered parallel plate GTEM cell for 6 min. Cardiovascular functions were evaluated from 45 min to 4 weeks after exposures. Significant decrease in arterial blood pressures (hypotension) was found. In contrast, heart rate was not altered by these exposures. The UWB radiation-induced hypotension was a robust, consistent, and persistent effect. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Inc. C1 USA, Med Res Detachment, McKesson BioServ, Microwave Bioeffects Branch, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Lu, ST (reprint author), USA, Med Res Detachment, McKesson BioServ, Microwave Bioeffects Branch, 8308 Hawks Rd,Bldg 1168, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. EM shin-tsu.lu@aloer.brooks.af.mil NR 51 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-9384 J9 PHYSIOL BEHAV JI Physiol. Behav. PD JAN 15 PY 1999 VL 65 IS 4-5 BP 753 EP 761 PG 9 WC Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences SC Psychology; Behavioral Sciences GA 170PA UT WOS:000078813800019 PM 10073476 ER PT J AU Dave, PR Duddu, R Surapaneni, R Gilardi, R AF Dave, PR Duddu, R Surapaneni, R Gilardi, R TI Diels-Alder reactions of N-acetyl-2-azetine SO TETRAHEDRON LETTERS LA English DT Article AB N-acetyl-2-azetine has been found to undergo facile [4+2] cycloadditions with various dienes to give products of endo addition exclusively. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USA, ARDEC, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. NRL, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Dave, PR (reprint author), ARDEC, GEO Ctr Inc, Bldg 3028, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. NR 6 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0040-4039 J9 TETRAHEDRON LETT JI Tetrahedron Lett. PD JAN 15 PY 1999 VL 40 IS 3 BP 443 EP 446 DI 10.1016/S0040-4039(98)02506-4 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 156WW UT WOS:000078026200012 ER PT J AU Sullivan, PS Schable, C Koch, W Do, AN Spira, T Lansky, A Ellenberger, D Lal, RB Hyer, C Davis, R Marx, M Paul, S Kent, J Armor, R McFarland, J Lafontaine, J Mottice, S Cassol, SA Michael, N AF Sullivan, PS Schable, C Koch, W Do, AN Spira, T Lansky, A Ellenberger, D Lal, RB Hyer, C Davis, R Marx, M Paul, S Kent, J Armor, R McFarland, J Lafontaine, J Mottice, S Cassol, SA Michael, N CA Seronegative AIDS Clinical Study Grp TI Persistently negative HIV-1 antibody enzyme immunoassay screening results for patients with HIV-1 infection and AIDS: serologic, clinical, and virologic results SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV infection; seronegativity; antibody response ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; GROUP-O INFECTIONS; UNITED-STATES; RISK; INDIVIDUALS; ABSENCE; SEROCONVERSION; COHORT; BLOOD; TIME AB Objective: To describe persons with HIV infection and AIDS but with persistently negative HIV antibody enzyme immunoassay (EIA) results. Design: Surveillance for persons meeting a case definition for HIV-1-seronegative AIDS. Setting: United States and Canada. Patients: A total of eight patients with seronegative AIDS identified from July 1995 through September 1997. Main outcome measures: Clinical history of HIV disease, history of HIV test results, and CD4 cell counts from medical record review; results of testing with a panel of EIA for antibodies to HIV-1, and HIV-1 p24 antigen; and viral subtype. Results: Negative HIV EIA results occurred at CD4 cell counts of 0-230 x 10(6)/l, and at HIV RNA concentrations of 105 000-7 943 000 copies/ml. Using a panel of HIV EIA on sera from three patients, none of the HIV EIA detected infection with HIV-1, and signal-to-cut-off ratios were less than or equal to 0.8 for all test kits evaluated. Sera from five patients showed weak reactivity in some HIV EIA, but were non-reactive in other HIV EIA. All patients were infected with HIV-1 subtype B. Conclusions: Rarely, results of EIA tests for antibodies to HIV-1 may be persistently negative in some HIV-1 subtype B-infected persons with AIDS. Physicians treating patients with illnesses or CD4 cell counts suggestive of HIV infection, but for whom results of HIV EIA are negative, should consider p25 antigen, nucleic acid amplification, or viral culture testing to document the presence of HIV. (C) 1999 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Surveillance Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US FDA, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. Multnomah Cty Hlth Dept, Portland, OR USA. Georgia Dept Human Resources, Div Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Denver, CO USA. New Jersey Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Trenton, NJ USA. Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Lansing, MI USA. Texas Dept Hlth, Austin, TX 78756 USA. New York City Dept Hlth, New York, NY 10013 USA. S Carolina Dept Publ Hlth, Columbia, SC USA. Utah Dept Publ Hlth, Salt Lake City, UT USA. Ottawa Gen Hosp, Res Inst, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Rockville, MD USA. RP Sullivan, PS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Surveillance Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-47, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Sullivan, Patrick/A-9436-2009; OI Sullivan, Patrick/0000-0002-7728-0587 NR 26 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD JAN 14 PY 1999 VL 13 IS 1 BP 89 EP 96 DI 10.1097/00002030-199901140-00012 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 178BT UT WOS:000079246400012 PM 10207549 ER PT J AU Liu, W Kumar, J Tripathy, S Senecal, KJ Samuelson, L AF Liu, W Kumar, J Tripathy, S Senecal, KJ Samuelson, L TI Enzymatically synthesized conducting polyaniline SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; ORGANIC-SOLVENTS; OXIDATION-STATE; POLYMERS; FILMS; POLYMERIZATION; ACID; PEROXIDASE; COPOLYMERS; ANILINE AB A novel strategy for the enzymatic synthesis of a water-soluble, conducting polyaniline (PANI)/sulfonated polystyrene (SPS) complex is presented. The enzyme horseradish peroxidase (HRP) is used to polymerize aniline in the presence of a polyanionic template, sulfonated polystyrene. The synthesis is simple, and the conditions are mild in that the polymerization may be carried out in a 4.3 pH buffered aqueous solution, with a stoichiometric amount of hydrogen peroxide and a catalytic amount of enzyme. UV-visible absorption, FTIR, GPC, elemental analysis, and conductivity measurements all confirm that the electroactive form of PANI, similar to that which is traditionally chemically synthesized, is formed and complexed to the SPS. The reversible redox activity of the polyaniline displays a unique hysteresis loop with pH change. Cyclic voltammetry studies show only one set of redox peaks over the potential range of -0.2 to 1.2V, which suggests that the PANI/SPS complex is oxidatively more stable. The conductivity of the complex is found to increase with the molar ratio of PANI to SPS. Conductivities of 0.005 S/cm are obtained with the pure complex and may be increased to 0.15 S/cm after additional doping by exposure to HCl vapor. This enzymatic approach offers unsurpassed ease of synthesis, processability, stability (electrical and chemical), and environmental compatibility. C1 Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Dept Chem, Ctr Adv Mat, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Dept Phys, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. USA, Soldier & Biol Chem Command, Mat Sci Team, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Samuelson, L (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Dept Chem, Ctr Adv Mat, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. RI Senecal, Kris/F-3000-2013 NR 68 TC 345 Z9 359 U1 12 U2 113 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JAN 13 PY 1999 VL 121 IS 1 BP 71 EP 78 DI 10.1021/ja982270b PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 157UC UT WOS:000078079200010 ER PT J AU Rao, M Rothwell, SW Wassef, NM Koolwal, AB Alving, CR AF Rao, M Rothwell, SW Wassef, NM Koolwal, AB Alving, CR TI Trafficking of liposomal antigen to the trans-Golgi of murine macrophages requires both liposomal lipid and liposomal protein SO EXPERIMENTAL CELL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SYNTHETIC LIPOPEPTIDE VACCINE; CYTOTOXIC T-LYMPHOCYTES; CLASS-I; INTRACELLULAR FATE; SOLUBLE-ANTIGEN; CELLS; MOLECULES; PEPTIDE; INDUCTION; CARRIERS AB Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules found on antigen-presenting cells present peptides derived from cytoplasmic proteins to T cells. In contrast, peptides from exogenous proteins are mostly presented by class II molecules. It has been well established that liposomes can serve as an efficient delivery system for entry of exogenous protein antigens into the MHC class I pathway. Our previous studies utilizing fluorophore-labeled proteins encapsulated in liposomes demonstrated that after phagocytosis of the liposomes by bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMs), the processed peptides were subsequently visualized in the trans-Golgi, while free conalbumin was excluded from the trans-Golgi area. In the present study, we investigated whether liposomal lipids follow the same intracellular route as the liposomal proteins after phagocytosis by BMs. Multilamellar liposomes with different lipid compositions that also contained fluorescent phospholipids (empty liposomes) were incubated with murine BMs. Our results indicate that although empty liposomes were avidly phagocytosed by macrophages, the fluorescent liposomal lipids did not localize to any particular area of the cell but were distributed throughout the cell. In contrast, when a protein was encapsulated in the liposomes, the liposomal lipids were no longer dispersed throughout the cell, but were concentrated and localized in the trans-Golgi area. Furthermore, when the liposomes contained a fluorescent-labeled protein, the fluorescent peptides also localized to the trans-Golgi. These results demonstrate that the combination of both liposomal lipids and liposomal protein is required for Golgi-specific targeting of liposomal antigens. Transport of both liposomal lipids and liposomal proteins to the Golgi complex, a major subcellular organelle in the passage of MHC class I molecules, might explain why antigens encapsulated in liposomes readily induce cytotoxic T lymphocytes. (C) 1999 Academic Press. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Membrane Biochem, Div Biochem, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Hematol & Vasc Biol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Rao, M (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Membrane Biochem, Div Biochem, Bldg 40,Room 1044, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM Dr._Mangala_Rao@wrsmtp-ccmail.army.mil NR 42 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0014-4827 J9 EXP CELL RES JI Exp. Cell Res. PD JAN 10 PY 1999 VL 246 IS 1 BP 203 EP 211 DI 10.1006/excr.1998.4274 PG 9 WC Oncology; Cell Biology SC Oncology; Cell Biology GA 159AA UT WOS:000078148600021 PM 9882529 ER PT J AU John, CM Schneider, H Griffiss, JM AF John, CM Schneider, H Griffiss, JM TI Neisseria gonorrhoeae that infect men have lipooligosaccharides with terminal N-acetyllactosamine repeats SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BACTERIAL LIPOOLIGOSACCHARIDES; GONOCOCCAL LIPOOLIGOSACCHARIDE; HUMAN GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES; HETEROGENEITY; MENINGITIDIS; EXPRESSION; EPITOPE AB Infectious Neisseria gonorrhoeae make relatively large lipooligosaccharides (LOS) that structurally re resemble human glycosphingolipids. MS11mkC is an LOS variant of N. gonorrhoeae strain MS11 which was isolated from men at the onset of dysuria (Schneider, H., Griffiss, J. M., Boslego, J. W., Hitchcock, P. J., Zahos, K. M., and Apicella, M. A (1991) J. Exp. Med 174, 1601-1605). Delayed extraction matrix-assisted laser desorption and ionization and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry of O-deacylated MS11mkC LOS produced ions consistent with known LOS which have lacto-N-neotetraose (Gal beta 1-->4GlcNAc beta 1-->3Gal beta 1-->4Glc; paraglobosyl; monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) 1B2(+) and 06B4(+)) and GalNAc-->lacto-N-neotetraose (gangliosyl; mAb 1-1-M+) oligosaccharides. Ion peaks for a larger LOS which also bound mAb 1B2 indicated the addition of a hexose (+162 Da) to gangliosyl LOS or the addition of a hexose and a N-acetylhexosamine (+365 Da) to paraglobosyl LOS. Analysis of HF-treated and O-deacylated LOS revealed three major components present in a phosphoethanolamine (PEA)(0) and a PEA(1) series. Digestion of MS11mkC LOS by beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase and beta-galactosidase, alone and sequentially, combined with mAb binding patterns, confirmed the presence of a nonreducing terminal repeating LacNAc ((Gal beta 1-->4GlcNAc)(2)) on the largest LOS, rather than a parallel oligosaccharide structure. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr Immunochem, San Francisco, CA 94121 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Lab Med, San Francisco, CA 94121 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Bacterial Dis, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP John, CM (reprint author), VA Med Ctr, 111W1,4150 Clement St, San Francisco, CA 94121 USA. EM cjohn@vacom.ucsf.edu.net FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR01614]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI21620] NR 31 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD JAN 8 PY 1999 VL 274 IS 2 BP 1017 EP 1025 DI 10.1074/jbc.274.2.1017 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 155WC UT WOS:000077968500061 PM 9873046 ER PT J AU Werbovetz, KA Brendle, JJ Sackett, DL AF Werbovetz, KA Brendle, JJ Sackett, DL TI Purification, characterization, and drug susceptibility of tubulin from Leishmania SO MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Leishmania; tubulin; drug discovery ID TRYPANOSOMA-BRUCEI-BRUCEI; CELL-CYCLE; ASSEMBLY INVITRO; COLCHICINE SITE; BETA-TUBULIN; INHIBITION; MECHANISM; AGENTS; PROMASTIGOTES; TRYPANOTHIONE AB Past work suggests that tubulin from kinetoplastid parasites may present an excellent drug target. To explore this possibility, tubulin was purified on a milligram scale from Leishmania mexicana amazonensis promastigotes by sonication, DEAE-Sepharose chromatography, and one cycle of assembly-disassembly. Purified leishmanial tubulin is recognized by commercially available anti-tubulin antibodies and displays concentration dependent assembly in vitro. The vinca site agents vinblastine, maytansine, and rhizoxin bind to leishmanial tubulin as assessed by the quenching of intrinsic tubulin fluorescence and the alteration of the proteins reactivity with the sulfhydryl-specific reagent 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid). They also interfere with the assembly of leishmanial tubulin at low micromolar concentrations. Electrophilic compounds such as phenyl arsenoxide and 4-chloro-3,5-dinitro-alpha,alpha,alpha-trifluorotoluene (chloralin), which are of interest as traditional and experimental antiparasitic agents, respectively, inhibit the assembly of leishmanial tubulin in vitro as well. Colchicine-site agents and trifluralin, on the other hand, have little or no effect on leishmanial tubulin in these assays. Maytansine, taxol, and the electrophiles block the growth of Leishmania donovani amastigote-like forms in vitro at low (<1 mu M) concentrations, while colchicine site agents, trifluralin, vinblastine, and rhizoxin are at least two orders of magnitude less toxic to the parasite. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Parasitol, Div Expt Therapeut, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NCI, Lab Drug Discovery Res & Dev, Dev Therapeut Program,Div Canc Treatment & Diag, Frederick Canc Res & Dev Ctr, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Werbovetz, KA (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Parasitol, Div Expt Therapeut, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RI Werbovetz, Karl/E-4290-2011 NR 41 TC 75 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-6851 J9 MOL BIOCHEM PARASIT JI Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. PD JAN 5 PY 1999 VL 98 IS 1 BP 53 EP 65 DI 10.1016/S0166-6851(98)00146-7 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology GA 163LC UT WOS:000078406100005 PM 10029309 ER PT J AU Novak, MJ AF Novak, MJ TI New minimal substrate structural requirements in the enzymatic peroxidation of alkenes with soybean lipoxygenase SO BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ASYMMETRIC HYDROXYLATION AB A carboxylic or a charged head group in fatty acid analogs is not an essential structural requirement for binding and catalysis in soybean lipoxygenase-l catalyzed oxidations. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Expt Therapeut, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Novak, MJ (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Expt Therapeut, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0960-894X J9 BIOORG MED CHEM LETT JI Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. PD JAN 4 PY 1999 VL 9 IS 1 BP 31 EP 34 DI 10.1016/S0960-894X(98)00680-5 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Organic SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 155KA UT WOS:000077944700006 PM 9990451 ER PT B AU Bond, C Poker, F Pugh, J AF Bond, C Poker, F Pugh, J BE Olgren, C TI The National Guard distributed learning initiative: A systems approach SO 15TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE ON DISTANCE TEACHING AND LEARNING, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Annual Conference on Distance Teaching and Learning CY AUG 04-06, 1999 CL MADISON, WI C1 USA, Natl Guard Readiness Ctr, Natl Guard Bur, Training Div, Arlington, VA 22204 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVERSITY WISCONSIN DISTANCE TEACHING & LEARNING CONFERENCE PI MADISON PA 1050 UNIV AVE, B-136 LATHROP H ALL, MADISON, WI 53706 USA PY 1999 BP 45 EP 49 PG 5 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA BR07M UT WOS:000165566600007 ER PT B AU Henderson, DL Ryder, LB AF Henderson, DL Ryder, LB BE Olgren, C TI Collaboration tools: A case study on implementation SO 15TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE ON DISTANCE TEACHING AND LEARNING, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Annual Conference on Distance Teaching and Learning CY AUG 04-06, 1999 CL MADISON, WI C1 USA, Management Staff Coll, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVERSITY WISCONSIN DISTANCE TEACHING & LEARNING CONFERENCE PI MADISON PA 1050 UNIV AVE, B-136 LATHROP H ALL, MADISON, WI 53706 USA PY 1999 BP 237 EP 241 PG 5 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA BR07M UT WOS:000165566600038 ER PT S AU Bloemer, M Scalora, M D'Aguanno, G Bowden, C Baglio, S Sibilia, C Centini, M Bertolotti, M AF Bloemer, M Scalora, M D'Aguanno, G Bowden, C Baglio, S Sibilia, C Centini, M Bertolotti, M GP SPIE SPIE TI Transparent, conducting films based on metal/dielectric photonic band gaps SO 18TH CONGRESS OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION FOR OPTICS: OPTICS FOR THE NEXT MILLENNIUM, TECHNICAL DIGEST SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th Congress of the International Commission for Optics - Optics for the Next Millennium CY AUG 02-06, 1999 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP SPIE, Amer Physical Soc, IEEE Lasers & electro Optics Soc, OSA Optical Soc Amer, Int Comm Optics, US Advisory Comm Int Commiss Opt AB A transparent conductor has been developed based on one-dimensional metal/dielectric photonic band gap structures. Laminated metal/dielectric filters containing 100nm of silver have been fabricated with >50% transmittance. Applications for transparent, conducting films include antennas embedded in windshields, electrodes on flat panel displays, electromagnetic shielding, and solar window panes. C1 USA, Aviat & Missile Command, AMSAM, RD,WS,CM, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Bloemer, M (reprint author), USA, Aviat & Missile Command, AMSAM, RD,WS,CM, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RI Baglio, Salvatore/I-3174-2012; OI Baglio, Salvatore/0000-0002-6068-2846; D'Aguanno, Giuseppe/0000-0002-7132-0103; CENTINI, MARCO/0000-0003-0625-0054 NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3234-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3749 BP 63 EP 64 DI 10.1117/12.354910 PG 2 WC Optics SC Optics GA BN74Q UT WOS:000082790200027 ER PT S AU Bender, EJ Estrera, JP Ford, CE Giordana, A Glesener, JW Lin, PP Nico, AJ Sinor, TW Smithson, RH AF Bender, EJ Estrera, JP Ford, CE Giordana, A Glesener, JW Lin, PP Nico, AJ Sinor, TW Smithson, RH GP SPIE SPIE TI High reliability GaAs image intensifier with unfilmed microchannel plate SO 18TH CONGRESS OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION FOR OPTICS: OPTICS FOR THE NEXT MILLENNIUM, TECHNICAL DIGEST SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th Congress of the International Commission for Optics - Optics for the Next Millennium CY AUG 02-06, 1999 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP SPIE, Amer Physical Soc, IEEE Lasers & electro Optics Soc, OSA Optical Soc Amer, Int Comm Optics, US Advisory Comm Int Commiss Opt AB Current GaAs image intensifier technology requires that the microchannel plate (MCP) have a thin dielectric film on the side facing the photocathode. This protective coating substantially reduces the amount of outgassing of ions and neutral species from the microchannels. The prevention of MCP outgassing is necessary in order to prevent the "poisoning" of the Cs:O surface on the GaAs photocathode. Many authors have experimented with omitting the MCP coating. The results of such experiments invariably lead to an intensifier with a reported useful life of less than 100 hours, due to contamination of the Cs:O layer on the photocathode. Unfortunately the MCP film is also a barrier to electron transport within the intensifier. Substantial enhancement of the image intensifier operating parameters is the motivation for the removal of the MCP film. This paper presents results showing for the first time that it is possible to fabricate a long lifetime image intensifier with a single uncoated MCP. C1 USA, CECOM, Night Vis & ElectroOpt Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Bender, EJ (reprint author), USA, CECOM, Night Vis & ElectroOpt Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 4 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3234-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3749 BP 713 EP 714 DI 10.1117/12.354970 PG 2 WC Optics SC Optics GA BN74Q UT WOS:000082790200321 ER PT S AU Watkins, WR Tofsted, DH CuQlock-Knopp, VG Jordan, JB Trivedi, MM AF Watkins, WR Tofsted, DH CuQlock-Knopp, VG Jordan, JB Trivedi, MM GP SPIE SPIE TI Active imaging applied to navigation through fog SO 18TH CONGRESS OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION FOR OPTICS: OPTICS FOR THE NEXT MILLENNIUM, TECHNICAL DIGEST SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Congress of the International Commission for Optics - Optics for the Next Millennium CY AUG 02-06, 1999 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP SPIE, Amer Physical Soc, IEEE Lasers & electro Optics Soc, OSA Optical Soc Amer, Int Comm Optics, US Advisory Comm Int Commiss Opt C1 USA, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3234-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3749 BP 750 EP 750 DI 10.1117/12.354991 PG 1 WC Optics SC Optics GA BN74Q UT WOS:000082790200340 ER PT B AU Butler, CD Yen, J AF Butler, CD Yen, J BE Dave, RN Sudkamp, T TI A linguistic approach to specificity SO 18TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE NORTH AMERICAN FUZZY INFORMATION PROCESSING SOCIETY - NAFIPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference of the North-American-Fuzzy-Information-Processing-Society (NAFIPS 99) CY JUN 10-12, 1999 CL NEW YORK, NY SP N Amer Fuzzy Informat Proc Soc, IEEE Neural Networks Council, IEEE Syst Man & Cybernet Soc ID FUZZY AB Understanding the level of uncertainty associated with a prediction is valuable in determining its utility in decision making. One measure of information is Yager's notion of specificity. Yager views specificity as the degree to which a possibility distribution points to a single element in the universe of discourse (U). Specificity in relation to U may complicate its utility in the optimization of fuzzy models in their linguistic space. An increase in granularity is useful to measure the amount of information contained in a possibility distribution in relation to fuzzy sets as opposed to Ef. This abstracted view of specificity motivates the need for a more generalized version of specificity, denoted Linguistic Specificity (Sp(L)), where alternatives are measured in relation to the linguistic terms. Such a generalization is useful in support of automating decisions in a fuzzy domain. Results of the linguistic: specificity measure are illustrated using an automobile fuel consumption example. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Butler, CD (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-5211-4 PY 1999 BP 322 EP 326 DI 10.1109/NAFIPS.1999.781707 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BN34H UT WOS:000081666600068 ER PT S AU Torrieri, D AF Torrieri, D GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Cellular frequency-hopping CDMA systems SO 1999 IEEE 49TH VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3: MOVING INTO A NEW MILLENIUM SE IEEE VTS Vehicular Technology Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 49th IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC 99) CY MAY 16-JUN 20, 1999 CL HOUSTON, TX SP IEEE AB The potential performance of a cellular frequency-hopping code-division multiple-access system is evaluated for both the forward and reverse links. The effects of sectorization, the number of mobile users per sector, spatial diversity, the number of frequency channels, and the thermal noise are studied. The performance advantage of separated orthogonal frequency-hopping patterns, which eliminate the effects of spectral splatter, is demonstrated. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Torrieri, D (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1090-3038 BN 0-7803-5565-2 J9 IEEE VTS VEH TECHNOL PY 1999 BP 919 EP 925 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BN33M UT WOS:000081654600181 ER PT S AU Bloemer, MJ Scalora, M Dowling, JP AF Bloemer, MJ Scalora, M Dowling, JP BE Matloubian, M Ponti, E TI Laminated photonic band structures with high conductivity and high transparency SO 1999 IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST, VOLS 1-4 SE IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1999 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium on the Magic Touch of Microwaves CY JUN 13-19, 1999 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE ID CRYSTALS AB A transparent conductor has been developed based on one-dimensional metal/dielectric photonic band gap structures. Laminated metal/dielectric filters containing 100nm of silver have been fabricated with >50% transmittance, Applications for transparent conducting films include antennas embedded in windshields, electrodes on flat panel displays, electromagnetic shielding, and solar window panes. C1 USA, Aviat & Missile Command, Weapon Sci Directorate, AMSAM RD WS CM, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Bloemer, MJ (reprint author), USA, Aviat & Missile Command, Weapon Sci Directorate, AMSAM RD WS CM, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-645X BN 0-7803-5135-5 J9 IEEE MTT-S PY 1999 BP 893 EP 896 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BN28P UT WOS:000081428500205 ER PT S AU Woolard, D Kaul, R Suenram, R Walker, AH Globus, T Samuels, A AF Woolard, D Kaul, R Suenram, R Walker, AH Globus, T Samuels, A BE Matloubian, M Ponti, E TI Terahertz electronics for chemical and biological warfare agent detection SO 1999 IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST, VOLS 1-4 SE IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1999 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium on the Magic Touch of Microwaves CY JUN 13-19, 1999 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE ID THZ AB The capability of solid-state electronics within the terahertz frequency regime is reviewed and assessed. Recent developments in chemical and biological science are presented that provide important insight and motivations for future uses of THz electronics in spectroscopic sensing. Finally, the impact of new advances in nanotechnology and molecular physics on the detection of chemical and biological warfare agents is addressed. C1 USA, Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Woolard, D (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 19 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-645X BN 0-7803-5135-5 J9 IEEE MTT-S PY 1999 BP 925 EP 928 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BN28P UT WOS:000081428500212 ER PT S AU Tan, RJ Bender, R AF Tan, RJ Bender, R BE Matloubian, M Ponti, E TI Near-field synthetic aperture interferometric microwave radiometry for remote sensing of mines SO 1999 IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST, VOLS 1-4 SE IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1999 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium on the Magic Touch of Microwaves CY JUN 13-19, 1999 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE AB A study was conducted for the use of a synthetic aperture interferometric radiometer (SAIR) for mine detection at near-field ranges using a 1.4-GHz laboratory prototype. Images of a buried aluminum plate, generated using a backprojection technique, are presented and compared to theory. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Tan, RJ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-645X BN 0-7803-5135-5 J9 IEEE MTT-S PY 1999 BP 1611 EP 1614 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BN28P UT WOS:000081428500370 ER PT S AU Anastasi, RF Madaras, EI AF Anastasi, RF Madaras, EI BE Schneider, SC Levy, M McAvoy, BR TI Pulse compression techniques for laser generated ultrasound SO 1999 IEEE ULTRASONICS SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE ULTRASONICS SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1999 IEEE Ultrasonics International Symposium CY OCT 17-20, 1999 CL TAHOE, NV SP IEEE Ultrason Ferroelect & Frequency Control Soc AB Laser generated ultrasound for nondestructive evaluation has an optical power density limit due to rapid high heating that causes material damage. This damage threshold limits the generated ultrasound amplitude, which impacts nondestructive evaluation inspection capability. To increase ultrasound signal levels and improve the ultrasound signal-to-noise ratio without exceeding laser power limitations, it is possible to use pulse compression techniques. The approach illustrated here uses a 150mW laser-diode modulated with a pseudo-random sequence and signal correlation. Results demonstrate the successful generation of ultrasonic bulk waves in aluminum and graphite-epoxy composite materials using a modulated low-power laser diode and illustrate ultrasound bandwidth control. C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, USA,Vehicle Technol Directorate, ARL,AMSRL VT S,Nondestruct Evaluat Sci Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Anastasi, RF (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, USA,Vehicle Technol Directorate, ARL,AMSRL VT S,Nondestruct Evaluat Sci Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1051-0117 BN 0-7803-5723-X J9 ULTRASON PY 1999 BP 813 EP 817 PG 5 WC Acoustics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Acoustics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BQ43A UT WOS:000088356000175 ER PT S AU Vig, JR AF Vig, JR BE Schneider, SC Levy, M McAvoy, BR TI Dual-mode oscillators for clocks and sensors SO 1999 IEEE ULTRASONICS SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE Ultrasonics Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1999 IEEE Ultrasonics International Symposium CY OCT 17-20, 1999 CL TAHOE, NV SP IEEE Ultrason Ferroelect & Frequency Control Soc ID RESONATORS AB Frequency can be measured with far higher accuracy than any other quantity. Dual mode excitation of resonators allows the highly accurate measurement of, and compensation for, the effects of temperature, pressure, etc., by means of frequency measurements alone. In dual mode excitation, the two excited modes occupy the same volume of quartz, thereby eliminating gradients between the resonator and sensor. This paper reviews the dual-mode technique and its applications in oscillators, clocks and sensors. C1 USA, Commun Elect Command, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Vig, JR (reprint author), USA, Commun Elect Command, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. EM J.Vig@IEEE.org NR 63 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1051-0117 BN 0-7803-5722-1 J9 ULTRASON PY 1999 BP 859 EP 868 PG 10 WC Acoustics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Acoustics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BQ43A UT WOS:000088356000186 ER PT S AU Ballato, A AF Ballato, A BE Schneider, SC Levy, M McAvoy, BR TI Explicit relations for the piezoelectric coupling factors of rotated 6mm plates SO 1999 IEEE ULTRASONICS SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE ULTRASONICS SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1999 IEEE Ultrasonics International Symposium CY OCT 17-20, 1999 CL TAHOE, NV SP IEEE Ultrason Ferroelect & Frequency Control Soc AB Class 6mm materials in the form of plates are attractive candidates for modem resonant sensor and actuator applications, because many possess desirable attributes besides piezoelectricity. In virtually all current applications of 6mm materials requiring use of the piezoelectric effect, the polar axis is either along, or perpendicular to, the major plate faces. When the polar axis is oblique to the thickness axis, however, the variety of excitation responses is broadened, and these may be used to fashion new devices. Explicit relations are given here for both the thickness- and lateral-field piezoelectric coupling coefficients driving simple thickness motions in 6mm plates. C1 USA, Commun Elect Command, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Ballato, A (reprint author), USA, Commun Elect Command, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1051-0117 BN 0-7803-5723-X J9 ULTRASON PY 1999 BP 891 EP 894 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Acoustics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BQ43A UT WOS:000088356000192 ER PT S AU Pastore, R Ballato, A Cui, HL AF Pastore, R Ballato, A Cui, HL BE Schneider, SC Levy, M McAvoy, BR TI Loss in piezoelectric ceramic resonators SO 1999 IEEE ULTRASONICS SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE ULTRASONICS SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1999 IEEE Ultrasonics International Symposium CY OCT 17-20, 1999 CL TAHOE, NV SP IEEE Ultrason Ferroelect & Frequency Control Soc AB The purpose of this work is to explore the loss mechanism in piezoceramic material. This is done by combining the acoustic viscosity constants of the material with the elastic constant and forming a complex elastic constant. Then the one dimensional differential equations are solved with this as the elastic constant. The complex elastic coefficient suggests that the device has a complex resonant frequency. An experiment has been set up to apply a complex frequency to the device in the form of a decaying sine wave, and some preliminary results are presented. Equivalent circuit modeling of the device using transimission lines and controlled sources are used to simulate the device with a decaying sine wave as the excitation. Results are presented from these simulations. C1 USA, Commun Elect Command, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Pastore, R (reprint author), USA, Commun Elect Command, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1051-0117 BN 0-7803-5723-X J9 ULTRASON PY 1999 BP 935 EP 938 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Acoustics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BQ43A UT WOS:000088356000200 ER PT B AU DeAnna, RG Roy, S Zorman, CA Mehregany, M AF DeAnna, RG Roy, S Zorman, CA Mehregany, M GP NSTI TI Modeling of SiC lateral resonant devices over a broad temperature range SO 1999 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MODELING AND SIMULATION OF MICROSYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Modeling and Simulation of Microsystems CY APR 19-21, 1999 CL SAN JUAN, PR SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Motorola, TIMA CMP Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Appl Computat Res Soc, Swiss Fed Inst Technol Lausanne, Int Assoc Math & Comp Modeling, Ibero Amer Sci & Technol Educ Consortium, Integrated Syst Engn, IntelliSense Corp, MEMSCAP SA, Mentor Graph Corp, Microcosm Technologies Inc, Mol Simulat Inc ID THERMAL-EXPANSION AB Finite-element analysis (FEA) modal results of 3C-SiC lateral resonant devices anchored to a Si substrate are presented as resonant frequency versus temperature. The suspended elements are etched from a 2 mum, 3C-SiC film grown at 1600 K on a 500 mum-thick, Si substrate. The analysis includes, temperature-dependent properties, shape change due to volume expansion with temperature, and thermal stress caused by differential thermal expansion of different materials. Two designs are considered: type I has anchor locations close to the geometric centroid and a small shuttle; type II has a large shuttle with anchors far from the centroid. The resonant frequency decreases approximately 3.5% over a 1000 K temperature increase for the type-I device, and behaves according to theory. The resonant frequency of the type-II device decreases by 2% over the first 400 K, then rises slightly over the remaining 600 K. This device deviates from theory because of the high thermal stress induced in the beams. The thermal stress is caused by the differential thermal expansion of the suspended element relative to the substrate. The results show that the device geometry must be properly chosen if the resonant frequency of that device will be used to calculate the temperature coefficient of Young's modulus. These results apply only to resonators of one material on a substrate of a different material. C1 NASA, Lewis Res Ctr, USA, Res Lab,Vehicle Technol Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP DeAnna, RG (reprint author), NASA, Lewis Res Ctr, USA, Res Lab,Vehicle Technol Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU COMPUTATIONAL PUBLICATIONS PI CAMBRIDGE PA PUBISHING OFFICE, 308 ONE KENDALL SQ BLDG 600, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA BN 0-9666135-4-6 PY 1999 BP 644 EP 647 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Mathematics, Applied SC Engineering; Mathematics GA BAM65 UT WOS:000222851500162 ER PT J AU O'Connor, RE Cone, DC De Lorenzo, RA Domeier, RM Moore, WE Taillac, PP Verdile, VP Zachariah, BS Davidson, SJ AF O'Connor, RE Cone, DC De Lorenzo, RA Domeier, RM Moore, WE Taillac, PP Verdile, VP Zachariah, BS Davidson, SJ TI EMS systems: Foundations for the future SO ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE emergency medical services; EMS; future ID EMERGENCY MEDICAL-SERVICES; HOSPITAL CARDIAC-ARREST; MODEL CURRICULUM; HEALTH-CARE; RESIDENCIES; PARAMEDICS; SURVIVAL; QUALITY AB Emergency medical services (EMS) occupy a unique position in the continuum of emergency health care delivery. The role of EMS personnel is expanding beyond their traditional identity as out-of-hospital care providers, to include participation and active leadership in EMS administration, education, and research. With these roles come new challenges, as well as new responsibilities. This paper was developed by the SAEM EMS Task Force and provides a discussion of these new concepts as well as recommendations for the specialty of emergency medicine to foster the continued development of all of the potentials of EMS. C1 Christiana Care Hlth Syst, Dept Emergency Med, Newark, DE 19718 USA. MCP Hahnemann Sch Med, Div EMS, Dept Emergency Med, Philadelphia, PA USA. USA, Acad Hlth Sci, Dept Med Sci, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. Univ Michigan, Emergency Med Residency Program, St Joseph Mercy Hosp, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Dist Columbia Fire & Emergency Med Serv Dept, Washington, DC USA. Pioneer Valley Hosp, Dept Emergency Med, W Valley, UT USA. Albany Med Coll, Dept Emergency Med, Albany, NY 12208 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Emergency Med, Div EMS, Dallas, TX 75230 USA. Maimonides Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Brooklyn, NY 11219 USA. RP O'Connor, RE (reprint author), Christiana Care Hlth Syst, Dept Emergency Med, 4755 Ogletown Stanton Rd, Newark, DE 19718 USA. OI Cone, David/0000-0002-7437-959X NR 55 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU HANLEY & BELFUS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 210 S 13TH ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19107 USA SN 1069-6563 J9 ACAD EMERG MED JI Acad. Emerg. Med. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 6 IS 1 BP 46 EP 53 DI 10.1111/j.1553-2712.1999.tb00094.x PG 8 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 157HD UT WOS:000078054800011 PM 9928977 ER PT S AU Hudson, TD McMillen, DK Ashley, PR Ruffin, PB Baeder, J AF Hudson, TD McMillen, DK Ashley, PR Ruffin, PB Baeder, J BE Masten, MK Stockum, LA TI Micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) component research and development for Army missile applications SO ACQUISITION, TRACKING, AND POINTING XIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Acquisition, Tracking, and Pointing XIII Conference CY APR 07-08, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE MEMS inertial sensors; RF MEMS; system health monitoring; aerodynamic flow control; environmental sensors; optical MEMS or MOEMS ID IR BOLOMETERS; SILICON AB The U.S. Army Aviation and Missile Command (AMCOM) Missile Research, Development, and Engineering Center (MRDEC) has identified MEMS as an emerging technology with high potential for fulfilling the mission of future missiles. The technology holds the promise of reducing the size, weight, cost, and power requirements for performing existing functions in Army missile systems, as well as providing opportunities for new computing, sensing, and actuation functions that cannot be achieved with conventional electromechanical technology. MEMS will enable the Army's next generation of smaller and lighter missiles. The military market drives the thrust for development of miniature sensors with applications such as: competent and smart munitions, aircraft and missile autopilots, tactical missile guidance, fire control systems, platform stabilization, smart structures with embedded inertial sensors, missile system health monitoring, missile and ground-based radar, radio frequency (RF) seekers, aerodynamic flow control, infrared imagers, and multiple intelligent small projectiles. Current efforts at AMCOM include the development of MEMS-based inertial components to include accelerometers with wide dynamic range, tactical grade gyros with high rate range, and miniature three-axis inertial measurement units with common interface electronics.' Performance requirements of such components will be presented in terms of current and future Army missile systems. Additional MEMS based efforts under investigation at AMCOM include missile storage health monitoring, RF MEMS components, encoders for actuators, and aerodynamic flow control will also be discussed. C1 USA, Aviat & Missile Command, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Hudson, TD (reprint author), USA, Aviat & Missile Command, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3166-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3692 BP 112 EP 122 DI 10.1117/12.352853 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BN65T UT WOS:000082494300012 ER PT S AU Leupold, HA Tilak, AS Marchand, RJ Lagraffe, DA AF Leupold, HA Tilak, AS Marchand, RJ Lagraffe, DA BE Coey, M Lewis, LH Ma, BM Schrefl, T Schultz, L Fidler, J Harris, VG Hasegawa, R Inoue, A McHenry, M TI Applications of rare-earth permanent magnet structures to electrical machinery SO ADVANCED HARD AND SOFT MAGNETIC MATERIALS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1999 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 05-09, 1999 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc AB A variety of promising permanent magnet structures based upon the magic cylinder and magic mangle concepts are investigated with regard to their suitability for application to electrical generators and motors. Such structures feature high magnetic flux densities in large volumes relative to their masses and bulks as well as minimal stray fields and net magnetic moments. Magic mangles also afford small moments of inertia of their rotating elements thereby resulting in improved rotational responsiveness. One computer calculation showed that a small conventional electric generator can be replaced by a magic mangle with 70% more flux amplitude but with only one half the mass and bulk. C1 US Mil Acad, USA, Res Lab, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Leupold, HA (reprint author), US Mil Acad, USA, Res Lab, Bartlett Hall, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-485-8 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1999 VL 577 BP 265 EP 270 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BP16T UT WOS:000084261000028 ER PT B AU Tidrow, MZ Jiang, XD Li, SS Moon, J Liu, WK AF Tidrow, MZ Jiang, XD Li, SS Moon, J Liu, WK BE Cahay, M Bandyopadhyay, S Lockwood, DJ Koshida, N Leburton, JP Meyyappan, M Sakamoto, T TI Very-long-wavelength quantum well infrared photodetectors SO ADVANCED LUMINESCENT MATERIALS AND QUANTUM CONFINEMENT SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Advanced Luminescent Materials and Quantum Confinement, at the 196th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY OCT 18-20, 1999 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Electrochem Soc Inc, Natl Sci Fdn, USA Res Off DE quantum well infrared photodetectors (QWIPs); very long wavelength infrared (VLWIR) detection; spectral responsivity; multi-color QWIPs ID MU-M AB ln this paper we report recent developments of quantum well infrared photodetector (QWIPs) for very long wavelength infrared (VLWIR) applications. The previous work on VLWIR QWIPs is reviewed. Specific issues concerning device physics, such as the influence of doping density, temperature, and detector structure on the peak detection wavelength, detectivity, dark current, and dynamic resistance of the VLWIR QWIP are discussed. Issues concerning detector design and device performance of the VLWIR QWIP are also addressed. Finally, a VLWIR QWIP has been designed, fabricated and characterized. The structure of this detector consists of 20 repeats of a 80 Angstrom In0.04Ga0.96As quantum well with doping density of 2x10(17) cm(-3) and a 500 Angstrom Al0.09Ga0.91As barrier. The detection peak wavelength is at 14.7 mu m, while the cut-on and cut-off wavelengths are at 12.7 and 16.3 mu m, respectively, at 2 V bias and 40 K. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Tidrow, MZ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-245-1 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1999 VL 99 IS 22 BP 447 EP 458 PG 12 WC Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Electrochemistry; Engineering; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BN84W UT WOS:000083176000042 ER PT J AU Shields, JA Baker, EL AF Shields, JA Baker, EL TI Refractory metals forum: Molybdenum alloys and emerging applications SO ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES LA English DT Article AB Molybdenum's unique combination of physical and mechanical properties enables its service in applications requiring high-temperature strength and corrosion resistance. C1 CSM Ind Inc, Technol Performance Mat, Cleveland, OH USA. USA, TACOM ARDEC, Energet & Warheads Div, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. RP Shields, JA (reprint author), CSM Ind Inc, Technol Performance Mat, 21801 Tungsten Rd, Cleveland, OH USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 0026-0665 J9 ADV MATER PROCESS JI Adv. Mater. Process. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 155 IS 1 BP 61 EP 64 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 159YQ UT WOS:000078203600008 ER PT S AU Hemmer, PR Shahriar, MS Ham, BS Kim, MK AF Hemmer, PR Shahriar, MS Ham, BS Kim, MK BE Mitkas, PA Hasan, ZU Coufal, HJ Sincerbox, GT TI Raman excited spin coherences for high temperature spectral hole burning memories SO ADVANCED OPTICAL DATA STORAGE: MATERIALS, SYSTEMS, AND INTERFACES TO COMPUTERS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Optical Data Storage - Materials, Systems, and Interfaces to Computers CY JUL 20-22, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE DE spectral hole burning; Raman; spin coherences; optical memory ID OPTICAL-DATA STORAGE; RESONANCE; STATE AB The possibility of using Raman excited spin coherences to increase the operating temperature of spectral hole burning memories and processors is being explored experimentally. The approach is to store and/or process data using spin coherences excited by optical Raman transitions. This is motivated by the fact that spin coherence lifetimes are much less sensitive to temperature than optical coherence lifetimes. However, direct microwave excitation of spin coherences does not give a high storage density because of the large microwave wavelength By using optical Raman fields to excite the spin coherences, full optical spatial resolution can be achieved Initial experiments in Pr doped YSO demonstrated potential for higher temperature operation. Current experiments are concentrating on further increasing the operating temperature using this and other materials. C1 USA, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Hemmer, PR (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RI Shahriar, Selim/B-7270-2009 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3288-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3802 BP 222 EP 227 DI 10.1117/12.370236 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BP33X UT WOS:000084756900026 ER PT S AU Skaggs, RR Daniel, RG Miziolek, AW McNesby, KL Herud, C Bolt, WR Horton, D AF Skaggs, RR Daniel, RG Miziolek, AW McNesby, KL Herud, C Bolt, WR Horton, D BE DeGroot, WA TI Diode laser measurements of HF concentrations from heptane/air pan fires extinguished by FE-36 and FE-36 plus ammonium polyphosphate SO ADVANCED SENSORS AND MONITORS FOR PROCESS INDUSTRIES AND THE ENVIRONMENT SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Sensors and Monitors for Process Industries and the Environment CY NOV 04-05, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA SP SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engn DE diode laser; fire; FE-36; HF ID CARBON-MONOXIDE; ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; TEMPERATURE; FLAME AB Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy is used to measure the time evolution of hydrogen fluoride concentrations produced from a series of enclosed heptane/air pan fires extinguished by FE-36 or FE-36 plus ammonium polyphosphate (APP). Recent advances in room temperature fiber coupled, near-infrared diode lasers provide; isolation of the laser acid signal processing electronics from the hostile sampling site. For the fires studied, the change in I-IE gas concentration with time is dependent upon the fire fighting chemical used to extinguish the fire, The presence of APP is observed to accelerate the dissipation of HF from the fire enclosure. Visible attenuation spectroscopy is also used to measure the amount of light attenuation (obscuration) that occurs as a hand held fire extinguisher containing powder fire fighting agent is released in the crew space of a M1-Abrams land combat vehicle. Obscuration tests demonstrate that release of APP from extinguishers in an occupied space does not present a visibility challenge to the vehicle personnel. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Skaggs, RR (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2996-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3535 BP 156 EP 166 DI 10.1117/12.337463 PG 11 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Industrial; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BM50K UT WOS:000078906900016 ER PT S AU Swayambunathan, V Singh, G Sausa, RC AF Swayambunathan, V Singh, G Sausa, RC BE DeGroot, WA TI Laser photofragmentation/fragment detection studies on energetic materials SO ADVANCED SENSORS AND MONITORS FOR PROCESS INDUSTRIES AND THE ENVIRONMENT SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Sensors and Monitors for Process Industries and the Environment CY NOV 04-05, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA SP SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engn DE laser; photofragmentation; fragment detection; resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization; laser-induced fluorescence; nitrocompounds; energetic materials; and trace analysis AB A sensitive technique. based on laser photofragmentation/fragment detection spectrometry is reported for the trace detection of energetic materials such as TNT, PETN, and. RDX. A single laser operating near 227 nm is used for both the photofragmentation of the parent molecule and detection of the characteristic NO fragment via its A-X (0,0) transitions near 227 nm, The fragment detection methods employed are resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization with miniature electrodes and laser-induced fluorescence with a photodetector. Experiments are also conducted in the visible. region using 454-nm radiation for photofragmentation and fragment detection. The application of this technique in the trace analysis of the above-mentioned compounds at ambient pressure is demonstrated with limits of detection (S/N=3) in the range of sub- to low parts-per-million for a 20-sec integration time and 20-120 mu J of laser energy at 227 nm and similar to 5 mJ at 454 nm An increase in defection sensitivity is projected with an increase in laser energy and an improved system design. C1 USA, Ballist Res Lab, AMSRL, WM,BD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Sausa, RC (reprint author), USA, Ballist Res Lab, AMSRL, WM,BD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2996-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3535 BP 176 EP 184 DI 10.1117/12.337464 PG 9 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Industrial; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BM50K UT WOS:000078906900018 ER PT S AU Sausa, RC Venizelos, DT AF Sausa, RC Venizelos, DT BE DeGroot, WA TI Detailed chemistry of NH3/N2O/Ar flames by mass spectrometry, laser-induced fluorescence, and modeling SO ADVANCED SENSORS AND MONITORS FOR PROCESS INDUSTRIES AND THE ENVIRONMENT SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Sensors and Monitors for Process Industries and the Environment CY NOV 04-05, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA SP SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engn DE NH3/N2O/Ar flames; molecular beam mass spectrometry; laser-induced fluorescence; PREMIX flame code calculations AB Experimental and chemical modeling studies of a 60-Torr NH3/N2O/Ar:: 1.03/1.59/0.54 flame are performed in order to provide further testing and refinements of a detailed chemical mechanism developed previously in our laboratory. This mechanism consists of 87 reactions and 20 species and is denoted VS. Flame temperatures are measured with a coated, thin-wire thermocouple and by OH and NH by laser-induced fluorescence (LIF). Species concentration profiles of NH3, N2O, N-2, H2O, NO, O-2, NH and OH are recorded using molecular beam mass spectrometry (MB/MS) and/or LIF. The experimental species mole fractions are then compared to PREMIX laminar flame code calculations, which use the measured temperature profile and one of two detailed N/O/H chemical mechanisms, VS or VS-modified, as input. The PREMIX calculations using the VS mechanism predict very well the shapes of the experimental NH3, N2O, N-2, H2O, NO, OH and NH profiles throughout the flame. They overpredict, however, the O-2/Ar mole fraction ratio at 16.25 mm by 61%. Sensitivity analyses suggest refinements to the VS mechanism. These refinements, along with rate analyses of the PREMIX results, are presented and discussed. C1 USA, Ballist Res Lab, AMSRL, WM,BD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Sausa, RC (reprint author), USA, Ballist Res Lab, AMSRL, WM,BD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2996-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3535 BP 233 EP 241 DI 10.1117/12.337469 PG 9 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Industrial; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BM50K UT WOS:000078906900023 ER PT S AU Lunardini, VJ AF Lunardini, VJ BE Hutter, K Wang, Y Beer, H TI Climatic warming and permafrost SO ADVANCES IN COLD-REGION THERMAL ENGINEERING AND SCIENCES: TECHNOLOGICAL, ENVIRONMENTAL, AND CLIMATOLOGICAL IMPACT SE LECTURE NOTES IN PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Thermal Engineering and Sciences for Cold Regions CY AUG 22-25, 1999 CL DARMSTADT UNIV TECHNOL, DARMSTADT, GERMANY SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Canadian Soc Mech Engineers, Darmstadt Univ Technol, Inst Mech, Darmstadt Univ Technol, Inst Tech Thermodynam, Int Glaciol Soc, Korean Soc Mech Engineers, Verein Deutscher Ingn, Deutsche Forsch Gemeinschaft, USA, Res & Stadardiz Grp HO DARMSTADT UNIV TECHNOL ID THICKNESS AB Permafrost is dependent upon the ambient temperature for its existence and is sensitive to climatic changes. Conduction heat transfer relations, with thawing and geothermal heat flow, are presented to predict the transient effects of surface temperature changes on the thermal state of permafrost. These relations can be used to examine past climate changes that could have resulted in the present permafrost thermal state. A number of phenomena may affect the thermal regime of permafrost, however some of these are not directly related to climate change, and may lead to spurious conclusions as to past climate warming. It is critical to understand the physical processes controlling the temperature and active layer of permafrost and to accurately relate them to past climate change. It is also possible to estimate the effect of climate change scenarios, manifested by air and surface temperature changes, on permafrost degradation. Realistic assessments require that the initial thermal regime of the permafrost be accurately known. Relatively small amounts of permafrost will disappear within 50-100 years due to the usual global alarming scenarios. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Lunardini, VJ (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0075-8450 BN 3-540-66333-9 J9 LECT NOTES PHYS PY 1999 VL 533 BP 483 EP 502 PG 20 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Physics GA BQ13R UT WOS:000087263600040 ER PT S AU Gupta, N Dahmani, R AF Gupta, N Dahmani, R BE Mericsko, RJ TI Multispectral and hyperspectral imaging with AOTF for object recognition SO ADVANCES IN COMPUTER-ASSISTED RECOGNITION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th AIPR Workshop on Advances in Computer-Assisted Recognition CY OCT 14-16, 1998 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP SPIE, AIPR, Execut Comm DE acousto-optic tunable filter; AOTF; hyperspectral imaging; multispectral imaging; digital imaging ID SPATIAL-RESOLUTION AB Acousto-optic tunable-filter (AOTF) technology has been used in the design of a no-moving parts, compact, lightweight, field portable, automated, adaptive spectral imaging system when combined with a high sensitivity imaging detector array. Such a system could detect spectral signatures of targets and/or background, which contain polarization information and can be digitally processed by a variety of algorithms At the Army Research Laboratory, we have developed and used a number of AOTF imaging systems and are also carrying out the development of such imagers at longer wavelengths. We have carried out hyperspectral and multispectral imaging using AOTF systems covering the spectral range from the visible to mid-IR. One of the imager uses a two-cascaded collinear-architecture AOTF cell in the visible-to-near-IR range with a digital Si charge-coupled device (CCD) camera as the detector. The images obtained with this system showed no color blurring or image shift due to the angular deviation of different colors as a result of diffraction, and the digital images are stored and processed with great ease. The spatial resolution of the filter was evaluated by means of the lines of a target chart. We have also obtained and processed images from another noncollinear visible-to-near-DR AOTF imager with a digital camera, and used hyperspectral image processing software to enhance object recognition in cluttered background. We are presently working on a mid-IR AOTF imaging system that uses a high-performance InSb focal plane array and image acquisition and processing software. Wel describe our hyperspectral imaging program and present results from our imaging experiments. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Gupta, N (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Gupta, Neelam/B-8702-2013 NR 13 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3054-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3584 BP 128 EP 135 DI 10.1117/12.339814 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BM50D UT WOS:000078902500014 ER PT B AU Coleman, N Lin, CF Ge, JH Braasch, S AF Coleman, N Lin, CF Ge, JH Braasch, S GP AIAA AIAA TI Intelligent multiagent modeling and decision system for battlefield SO AIAA GUIDANCE, NAVIGATION, AND CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3: A COLLECTION OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference CY AUG 09-11, 1999 CL PORTLAND, OR SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB This paper develops advanced multi-agent modeling and decision aid approaches for the intelligent minefield. The developed intelligent distributed minefield performs decision making and coordination among a set of wide area mines (WAMs), gateways, and a man-in-the-loop control station whose mission is to minimize the overall damages in uncertain situations facing attacking targets. Recursive Modeling Methods (RMM) are employed to enable a gateway to select its rational action and to coordinate with other gateways by modeling their decision making in a multiagent environment. C1 USA, Armanent Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. RP Coleman, N (reprint author), USA, Armanent Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS & ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, STE 500, RESTON, VA 20191-4344 USA BN 1-56347-299-6 PY 1999 BP 345 EP 348 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BP87S UT WOS:000086465000035 ER PT B AU Coleman, N Papanagopoulos, G Lin, CF Ge, JH Feng, X AF Coleman, N Papanagopoulos, G Lin, CF Ge, JH Feng, X GP AIAA AIAA TI Advanced mine-to-target assignment algorithms and simulation SO AIAA GUIDANCE, NAVIGATION, AND CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3: A COLLECTION OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference CY AUG 09-11, 1999 CL PORTLAND, OR SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB This paper investigates advanced approaches for the solution of a mine-to-target assignment problem. Such problems are a class of optimization problems in which the variables are discrete and the number of feasible solutions are finite. The Hungarian algorithm is applied to a mine-to-target assignment problem. A genetic algorithm is presented for the solution of the generalized mine-to-target assignment problem that includes inequality constraints. A simulation example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed algorithm. C1 USA, Armament Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. RP Coleman, N (reprint author), USA, Armament Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS & ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, STE 500, RESTON, VA 20191-4344 USA BN 1-56347-299-6 PY 1999 BP 349 EP 353 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BP87S UT WOS:000086465000036 ER PT B AU Coleman, N Lam, K Papanagopoulos, G Lin, CF Bao, PA Deng, Q Braasch, S AF Coleman, N Lam, K Papanagopoulos, G Lin, CF Bao, PA Deng, Q Braasch, S GP AIAA AIAA TI Graphical automated materiel handling for the Smart Crane Ammunition Transfer System SO AIAA GUIDANCE, NAVIGATION, AND CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3: A COLLECTION OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference CY AUG 09-11, 1999 CL PORTLAND, OR SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut DE smart crane; trajectory generation; collision avoidance; digital control; and graphical design AB This paper presents and demonstrates a graphical automated materiel handling approach for the Smart Crane Ammunition Transfer System (SCATS). The Smart Crane Ammunition Transfer System is designed to handle, deliver, and reload missiles/ammunition in the battlefield. This approach facilitates the recycling of resources and speeds up various system development cycles. An intelligent trajectory planner is developed to generate an optimal motion and collision avoidance trajectory for the end-effector and grapple in maneuvering the materiel to its final destination. A Graph Object (GO) is created for each control object. The developed graphical materiel handling system has been successfully tested and demonstrated through on-site experiments. C1 USA, Armament Res Dev & Engn Ctr, ARDEC, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. RP Coleman, N (reprint author), USA, Armament Res Dev & Engn Ctr, ARDEC, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS & ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, STE 500, RESTON, VA 20191-4344 USA BN 1-56347-299-6 PY 1999 BP 901 EP 905 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BP87S UT WOS:000086465000093 ER PT B AU Coleman, N Papanagapoulos, G Lin, CF Ge, JH Braasch, S AF Coleman, N Papanagapoulos, G Lin, CF Ge, JH Braasch, S GP AIAA AIAA TI Hybrid control for smart cranes SO AIAA GUIDANCE, NAVIGATION, AND CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3: A COLLECTION OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference CY AUG 09-11, 1999 CL PORTLAND, OR SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB The control objective for a Smart Crane Ammunition Transfer System (SCATS) is to achieve faster missile reloading, increased operator safety, and reduced missile/munition damage. A hybrid control system is developed for SCATS, which uses finite state machine (FSM) as a higher discrete-event levels to select a continuous-state controller and a reference trajectory. The simulation results are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. C1 USA, Armament Res Dev & Engn Ctr, ARDEC, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. RP Coleman, N (reprint author), USA, Armament Res Dev & Engn Ctr, ARDEC, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS & ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, STE 500, RESTON, VA 20191-4344 USA BN 1-56347-299-6 PY 1999 BP 1542 EP 1544 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BP87S UT WOS:000086465000155 ER PT B AU Coleman, N Lam, K Papanagapoulos, G Lin, CF Bao, PA Braasch, S AF Coleman, N Lam, K Papanagapoulos, G Lin, CF Bao, PA Braasch, S GP AIAA AIAA TI Vision and control integration approach for Smart Crane Ammunition Transfer System SO AIAA GUIDANCE, NAVIGATION, AND CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3: A COLLECTION OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference CY AUG 09-11, 1999 CL PORTLAND, OR SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut DE robotic control; vision; image processing; task planning; servo control AB The Smart Crane Ammunition Transfer System (SCATS) is designed to test and demonstrate technology for rearming missile systems on the battlefield. It integrates robotic control and sensor technology with a commercially available hydraulic articulated crane. The system objectives are as follows: faster missile reloading, decreased utilization of manpower, increased operator safety, reduced missile/munitions damage, reduced operator skills and training, and increased materiel flow. In this paper, the SCATS system is first introduced and discussed, including the crane, the hydraulic system, the control system, and the development environment, and a vision and control integration approach was proposed and investigated to increase the autonomy and intelligence of the SCATS system. C1 USA, Armament Res Dev & Engn Ctr, ARDEC, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. RP Coleman, N (reprint author), USA, Armament Res Dev & Engn Ctr, ARDEC, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS & ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, STE 500, RESTON, VA 20191-4344 USA BN 1-56347-299-6 PY 1999 BP 1545 EP 1550 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BP87S UT WOS:000086465000156 ER PT B AU Coleman, N May, R Lin, CF Feng, X AF Coleman, N May, R Lin, CF Feng, X GP AIAA AIAA TI Projectile trajectory tracking and meteorological information extraction SO AIAA GUIDANCE, NAVIGATION, AND CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3: A COLLECTION OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference CY AUG 09-11, 1999 CL PORTLAND, OR SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB In this paper, the feasibility of projectile trajectory tracking and meteorological information extraction from GPS position measurements is investigated. A GPS receiver is assumed to be embedded in the projectile. After the projectile is fired, the GPS signals are transmitted to the ground station at a certain frequency as soon as they are captured by the receiver. The projectile position is then solved and utilized to track the trajectory and extract the meteorological information using the extended Kalman filtering techniques. The meteorological information is exploited to improve the second shoot hit probability. Experiments are designed to study the feasibility of GPS measurements. Some conclusions are suggestions are provided. C1 USA, ARDEC, AMSTA, AR,FSF,R, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ USA. RP Coleman, N (reprint author), USA, ARDEC, AMSTA, AR,FSF,R, Bldg 95, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS & ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, STE 500, RESTON, VA 20191-4344 USA BN 1-56347-299-6 PY 1999 BP 1761 EP 1768 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BP87S UT WOS:000086465000177 ER PT B AU Coleman, N Lin, CF Bao, PA AF Coleman, N Lin, CF Bao, PA GP AIAA AIAA TI Intelligent motion control for SCATS system SO AIAA GUIDANCE, NAVIGATION, AND CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3: A COLLECTION OF TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference CY AUG 09-11, 1999 CL PORTLAND, OR SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut DE motion control; robot; trajectory planning; and kinematics AB The Smart Crane Ammunition Transfer System (SCATS) is a vehicle-based robot with an articulating crane, which was primarily developed to reload Patriot missiles, to ease the operator's workload, and to increase material handling efficiency on the battlefield. The motion control of the SCATS system deals with the joint motion control and the vehicle motion control. In this paper, an approach of trajectory planning and control is proposed for the SCATS system to generate a smooth trajectory. The tracking performance of the proposed intelligent motion control system is analyzed by simulation and experiments. C1 USA, ARDEC, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. RP USA, ARDEC, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. EM ncoleman@pica.army.mil; cflin@americangnc.com; pbao@americangnc.com NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUTICS & ASTRONAUTICS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, STE 500, RESTON, VA 20191-4344 USA BN 1-56347-299-6 PY 1999 BP 1864 EP 1868 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BP87S UT WOS:000086465000186 ER PT J AU Whiteman, WE Ferri, AA AF Whiteman, WE Ferri, AA TI Suppression of bending-torsion flutter through displacement-dependent dry friction damping SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC 37th Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference CY APR 15-17, 1996 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP AIAA, ASME, ASCE, AHS, ASC ID BEHAVIOR; SYSTEM AB Flutter is an important problem in modern technology engines. Despite significant research in the area of turbo machinery aeroelasticity, Butter instabilities still occur. The Butter suppression potential of dry friction damping with displacement-dependent friction forces is investigated. Bending-torsion coupling, aerodynamic coupling, and realistic aerodynamic damping terms are all considered. The total aeroelastic system is studied under compressible Bow conditions and is modeled by a set of first-order differential equations in state-space form, Through time integration studies, it is found that the nondimensional Butter speed can be significantly increased by including displacement dependent friction forces and by moving the location of the dry friction damper. This result strongly suggests that it may be possible to design the geometry and location of frictional interfaces on airfoils so that damping may be enhanced and Butter can be better controlled. Possible future applications might be in the area of turbine or fan and compressor blade systems. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Civil Engn & Mech, W Point, NY 10996 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Whiteman, WE (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Civil Engn & Mech, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 34 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 37 IS 1 BP 79 EP 83 DI 10.2514/2.667 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 157NR UT WOS:000078069000010 ER PT J AU Gibson, PW Schreuder-Gibson, HL Rivin, D AF Gibson, PW Schreuder-Gibson, HL Rivin, D TI Electrospun fiber mats: Transport properties SO AICHE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID AIR PERMEABILITY; HUMIDITY C1 USA, Natick Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Gibson, PW (reprint author), USA, Natick Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RI Gibson, Phillip/D-2398-2010 OI Gibson, Phillip/0000-0002-6172-4438 NR 13 TC 243 Z9 249 U1 2 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0001-1541 J9 AICHE J JI AICHE J. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 45 IS 1 BP 190 EP 195 DI 10.1002/aic.690450116 PG 6 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 156JT UT WOS:000077998400015 ER PT B AU Cavin, DD AF Cavin, DD BE Davis, JK Perry, CM AlSuwaidi, JS TI Theater air/missile defense systems and emerging operational concepts: A US army perspective SO AIR/MISSILE DEFENSE, COUNTER PROLIFERATION AND SECURITY POLICY PLANNING: IMPLICATIONS FOR COLLABORATION BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND THE GULF CO-OPERATION COUNCIL COUNTRIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Air/Missile Defense, Counter Proliferation and Security Policiy Planning CY MAR 29-31, 1998 CL ABU ZABY, U ARAB EMIRATES SP Inst Foreign Policy Anal Inc, Emirates Ctr Strateg Studies & Res C1 USA, Air Def Artillery Ctr, Ft Bliss, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ST MARTINS PRESS INC PI NEW YORK PA SCHOLARLY AND REFERENCE BOOKS DIVISION, 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA BN 1-86064-491-0 PY 1999 BP 80 EP 90 PG 11 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA BQ55K UT WOS:000088746000009 ER PT S AU DeSha, MS AF DeSha, MS BE Leonelli, J Althouse, ML TI Biological aerosol trigger SO AIR MONITORING AND DETECTION OF CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL AGENTS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Air Monitoring and Detection of Chemical and Biological Agents CY NOV 02-03, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers AB In recent history, manmade and natural events have shown us the ever-present need for systems to monitor the troposphere for contaminates. These contaminants may take either a chemical or biological form, which determines the methods we use to monitor them. Monitoring the troposphere for biological contaminants is of particular interest to my organization. Whether manmade or natural, contaminants of a biological origin share similar constituents; typically the aromatic amino acids tryptophan, phenylalanine, and tyrosine. All of these proteinaceous compounds autofluoresce when exposed to ultraviolet radiation and this establishes the basis of the laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) technique we use to detect biological contaminants. This technique can be employed in either point or remote detection schemes and is a valuable tool for discriminating proteinaceous from non-proteinaceous aerosols. For this particular presentation I am going to describe a breadboard point sensor we designed and fabricated to detect proteinaceous aerosols. Previous point sensor designs relied on convoluted flow paths to concentrate the aerosols into a solution. Other systems required precise beam alignment to evenly distribute the energy irradiating the detector elements. Our objective was to build a simple system where beam alignment is not critical, and the flow is straight and laminar. The breadboard system was developed over a nine-month period and its performance assessed at a recent test at Dugway Proving Grounds in Utah. In addition, we have performed chamber experiments in an attempt to establish a baseline for the system. The results of these efforts are presented here. C1 USA, Edgewood Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP DeSha, MS (reprint author), USA, Edgewood Res Dev & Engn Ctr, 5232 Fleming Rd,SCBRD-RTE,E5560, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2994-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3533 BP 43 EP 51 DI 10.1117/12.336869 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Optics SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Optics GA BM42U UT WOS:000078691100006 ER PT S AU Fell, NF Pinnick, RG Hill, SC Videen, G Niles, S Chang, RK Holler, S Pan, Y Bottiger, JR Bronk, BV AF Fell, NF Pinnick, RG Hill, SC Videen, G Niles, S Chang, RK Holler, S Pan, Y Bottiger, JR Bronk, BV BE Leonelli, J Althouse, ML TI Concentration, size, and excitation power effects on fluorescence from microdroplets and microparticles containing tryptophan and bacteria SO AIR MONITORING AND DETECTION OF CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL AGENTS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Air Monitoring and Detection of Chemical and Biological Agents CY NOV 02-03, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE fluorescence; microparticles; microdroplets; bacteria; concentration effects; size effects; fluorescence saturation ID PARTICLES AB Our group has been developing a system for single-particle fluorescence detection of aerosolized biological agents. This paper describes the most recent steps in the evolution of this system. The effects of fluorophore concentration, droplet size, and excitation power have also been investigated with microdroplets containing tryptophan in water to determine the effects of these parameters on our previous results. The vibrating orifice droplet generator was chosen for this study based on its ability to generate particles of well-known and reproducible size. The power levels required to reach saturation and photodegradation were determined. In addition the collection of fluorescence emission was optimized through the use of a UV achromatic photographic lens. This arrangement permitted collection of images of the droplet stream. Finally, the use of a dual-beam, conditional firing scheme facilitated the collection of improved signal-to-noise (S/N) single-shot spectra from individual biological particles. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Fell, NF (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2994-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3533 BP 52 EP 63 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Optics SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Optics GA BM42U UT WOS:000078691100007 ER PT S AU Ifarraguerri, A Gittins, C AF Ifarraguerri, A Gittins, C BE Leonelli, J Althouse, ML TI Chemical cloud mapping and identification using Convex Cone Analysis of AIRIS multispectral imaging data SO AIR MONITORING AND DETECTION OF CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL AGENTS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Air Monitoring and Detection of Chemical and Biological Agents CY NOV 02-03, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE chemical imaging; chemical agents; simulants; Convex Cone Analysis; AIRIS AB The US Army is currently developing a Chemical Imaging Sensor for the wide-area detection and identification of chemical warfare (CW) agents. As part of this effort, LWIR multispectral imaging data was collected with the Adaptive Infrared Imaging Spectroradiometer (AIRIS). Laboratory experiments were conducted using chemical agent simulants, including DMMP and DIMP at different vapor concentration levels. The resulting 14-band images were analyzed by a least squares approach as well as by Convex Cone Analysis (CCA). Both analyses demonstrate the potential of multispectral chemical imaging for wide-area standoff detection. In addition, it is shown that CCA is capable of detecting the presence of spectrally active chemical vapors and estimating their absorbance spectrum without any prior knowledge about the presence or composition of the chemical vapors. C1 USA, Edgewood Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Ifarraguerri, A (reprint author), USA, Edgewood Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2994-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3533 BP 114 EP 121 DI 10.1117/12.336848 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Optics SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Optics GA BM42U UT WOS:000078691100013 ER PT S AU Menking, DE Kracke, SK Emanuel, PA Valdes, JJ AF Menking, DE Kracke, SK Emanuel, PA Valdes, JJ BE Leonelli, J Althouse, ML TI Rapid cleanup of bacterial DNA from samples containing aerosol contaminants SO AIR MONITORING AND DETECTION OF CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL AGENTS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Air Monitoring and Detection of Chemical and Biological Agents CY NOV 02-03, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE DNA; PCR; rapid cleanup; field sample; GeneReleaser ID BIOLOGICAL WARFARE; PREVENTION; ATTACK AB Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is an in vitro enzymatic, synthetic method used to amplify specific DNA sequences from organisms. Detection of DNA using gene probes allows for absolute identification not only of specific organisms, but also of genetic material in recombinant organisms. PCR is an exquisite biological method for detecting bacteria in aerosol samples. A major challenge facing detection of DNA from field samples is that they are almost sure to contain impurities, especially impurities that inhibit amplification through PCR. DNA is being extracted from air, sewage/stool samples, food, sputum, water and sediment; however, multi-step, time consuming methods are required to isolate the DNA from the surrounding contamination. This research focuses on developing a method for rapid cleanup of DNA which combines extraction and purification of DNA while, at the same time, removing inhibitors from "dirty samples" to produce purified PCR-ready DNA. GeneReleaser(TM) (BioVentures) produces PCR-ready DNA in a rapid five-minute protocol. GeneReleaser(TM) resin was able to clean up samples containing micrograms of typical aerosol and water contaminants. The advantages of using GR are that it is rapid, inexpensive, requires one-step, uses no hazardous material and produces PCR-ready DNA. C1 USA, ERDEC, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Menking, DE (reprint author), USA, ERDEC, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2994-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3533 BP 215 EP 219 DI 10.1117/12.336859 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Optics SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Optics GA BM42U UT WOS:000078691100024 ER PT S AU D'Amico, FM Vanderbeek, RG Warren, RE AF D'Amico, FM Vanderbeek, RG Warren, RE BE Leonelli, J Althouse, ML TI Range-resolved frequency-agile CO2 lidar measurements of smokestack vapor effluents SO AIR MONITORING AND DETECTION OF CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL AGENTS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Conference on Air Monitoring and Detection of Chemical and Biological Agents II CY SEP 21-22, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP SPIE, Air & Waste Management Assoc, Opt Sci Div AB Range-resolved lidar measurements of chemical vapor output from a smokestack were conducted using a moderate-power (100 millijoules per pulse) frequency-agile CO2 differential absorption lidar (DIAL) system. A 70-foot non-industrial smokestack, erected for the purpose of studying effluent emissions, was used in the experiment. These measurements were conducted for the purpose of obtaining real data to support development of advanced chemical and biological (CB) range-resolved vapor detection algorithms. Plume transmission measurements were made using natural atmospheric backscatter from points at the mouth of the stack and several positions downwind. Controlled releases of triethyl-phosphate (TEP), dimethyl-methylphosphonate (DMMP), and sulfur-hexaflouride (SF6) were performed. Test methodology and experimental results are presented. Effective application of ground-based lidar to the monitoring of smokestack effluents, without the use of fixed targets, is discussed. C1 USA, Edgewood Chem & Biol Ctr, AMSSB, RRT, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP D'Amico, FM (reprint author), USA, Edgewood Chem & Biol Ctr, AMSSB, RRT, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3448-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3855 BP 128 EP 133 DI 10.1117/12.371272 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BP35E UT WOS:000084810600014 ER PT S AU Kwon, H Der, SZ Nasrabadi, NM Moon, H AF Kwon, H Der, SZ Nasrabadi, NM Moon, H BE Javidi, B Psaltis, D TI Use of hyperspectral imagery for material classification in outdoor scenes SO ALGORITHMS, DEVICES, AND SYSTEMS FOR OPTICAL INFORMATION PROCESSING III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms, Devices, and Systems for Optical Information Processing III CY JUL 20-21, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE DE multispectral processing; material segmentation; hyperspectral imagery; principle component analysis; pattern matching; band selection AB We present an efficient segmentation algorithm to discriminate between different materials, such as painted metal, vegetation, and soils, using hyperspectral imagery. Most previously attempted segmentation techniques have used a relatively small number of infrared (IR) frequency bands that use thermal emission instead of solar radiation.(1) This motivated the use of hyperspectral (or multispectral) imagery for segmentation purposes taken at the visible and near infrared bands with high spectral dimensionality. We propose a segmentation algorithm that uses either a pattern-matching technique using the selected band regions or a principal component analysis (PCA) method. Segmentation results are provided using several hyperspectral images. We also present a band-selection process based on either pairwise performance evaluation or a band-thickening method to select the particular band regions that contain important band-value information for segmentation. A hyperspectral data set that contains a number of spectral band-value curves collected from eleven hyperspectral images is used as an evaluation data set for the band-selection process. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Kwon, H (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 8 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3290-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3804 BP 104 EP 115 DI 10.1117/12.363954 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BN96G UT WOS:000083674200011 ER PT S AU Rosario, DS AF Rosario, DS BE Zelnio, EG TI New automated terrain and feature extraction approach for the predator UAV TESAR ATR system SO ALGORITHMS FOR SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR IMAGERY VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery VI CY APR 05-09, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE detection SAR-ATR; false alarm mitigator AB This paper describes a technique recently developed for target detection and false alarm reduction for the Predator unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) tactical endurance synthetic aperture radar (TESAR) automatic target recognition (ATR) system. The approach does not attempt to label various objects in the SAR image (i.e., buildings, trees, roads); instead, it finds target-like characteristics in the image and compares their statistical/spatial relationship to larger structures in the scene. To do this, the approach merges the output of multiple CFAR (constant false alarm ratio) surfaces through a sequence of mathematical morphology tests. The output is further tested by a "smart" clustering procedure, which performs an object-size test. With the use of these CFAR surfaces, a methodical sequence of morphological tests will find and retain large structures in the scene and eliminate cues that fall within these structures. The presence of supporting shadow downrange from the sensor is also used to eliminate objects with heights not typical to those of targets. Finally, a fast procedure performs a size test on elongated streaks. This procedure allows long objects to be smartly clustered as a single object while ensuring target proximity scenarios have no performance degradation. Application of this false alarm mitigator/detector to the Predator's SAR ATR algorithm suite produced a stunning reduction of one order of magnitude in the number of cues yielded by its baseline detector. This performance was consistent in scenes having natural and/or cultural clutter. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM rosario@arl.mil NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3195-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 1999 VL 3721 BP 47 EP 55 DI 10.1117/12.357691 PG 9 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BN77S UT WOS:000082902200006 ER PT S AU Marinelli, AMP Kaplan, LM Nasrabadia, NM AF Marinelli, AMP Kaplan, LM Nasrabadia, NM BE Zelnio, EG TI SAR ATR using a modified learning vector quantization algorithm SO ALGORITHMS FOR SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR IMAGERY VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery VI CY APR 05-09, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE SAR; ATR; learning vector quantization AB We addressed the problem of classifying 10 target types in imagery formed from synthetic aperture radar (SAR). By executing a group training process, we show how to increase the performance of 10 initial sets of target templates formed by simple averaging. This training process is a modified learning vector quantization (LVQ) algorithm that was previously shown effective with forward-looking infrared (FLIR) imagery. For comparison, we ran the LVQ experiments using coarse, medium, and fine template sets that captured the target pose signature variations over 60 degrees, 40 degrees, and 20 degrees, respectively. Using sequestered test imagery, we evaluated how well the original and post-LVQ template sets classify the 10 target types. We show that after the LVQ training process, the coarse template set outperforms the coarse and medium original sets. And, for a test set that included untrained version variants, we show that classification using coarse template sets nearly matches that of the fine template sets. In a related experiment, we stored 9 initial template sets to classify 9 of the target types and used a threshold to separate the 10(th) type, previously found to be a "confusing" type. We used imagery of all 10 targets in the LVQ training process to modify the 9 template sets. Overall classification performance increased slightly and an equalization of the individual target classification rates occurred, as compared to the 10-template experiment. The SAR imagery that we used is publicly available from the Moving and Stationary Target Acquisition and Recognition (MSTAR) program, sponsored by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA). C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Marinelli, AMP (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3195-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3721 BP 343 EP 354 DI 10.1117/12.357651 PG 12 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BN77S UT WOS:000082902200032 ER PT J AU Caretti, DM Gardner, PD AF Caretti, DM Gardner, PD TI Respirator fit factor performance while sweating SO AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE fit factor; perspiration; respirators ID PROTECTIVE DEVICES; ACCEPTABILITY AB The extent to which sweat accumulation inside respirators affects respirator fit has not been quantified. This study represents an attempt to measure facial sweating and to quantify its effects on fit factors of negative pressure, full-facepiece respirators. Respirator fit factor (FF) data were obtained while 14 subjects completed 30 minutes of treadmill walking at an intensity of 75% of age-predicted maximal heart rate in an aerosol test chamber under ambient environmental conditions. Subject facial and whole body sweat production were also measured. Statistical analysis of the treadmill FF results showed that respirator fit was significantly (p<0.05) degraded after 14 minutes of exercise. Sweat accumulation inside the respirator facepiece averaged 30.9+/-15.5 g. However, no significant correlation of subject facial sweat production with overall FF Values measured during exercise was found. The results of this study indicate that respirator FFs degrade significantly over time under moderate exercise and environmental conditions and suggest that facial sweat accumulation alone does not account for the reduced FF levels. C1 USA, Edgewood Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Resp & Collect Protect Team, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Caretti, DM (reprint author), USA, Edgewood Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Resp & Collect Protect Team, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 USA SN 0002-8894 J9 AM IND HYG ASSOC J JI Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 60 IS 1 BP 84 EP 88 DI 10.1080/00028899908984425 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 165LH UT WOS:000078522000009 PM 10028619 ER PT J AU Solis, GD AF Solis, GD TI Pursuing military justice. Vol. 2: The history of the United States court of appeals for the armed forces, 1951-1980. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Solis, GD (reprint author), US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TEMPLE UNIV SCHOOL LAW PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1719 NORTH BROAD STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19122 USA SN 0002-9319 J9 AM J LEGAL HIST JI Am. J. Legal Hist. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 43 IS 1 BP 93 EP 95 DI 10.2307/846143 PG 3 WC Law SC Government & Law GA 385NT UT WOS:000166011100016 ER PT J AU Williams, JW Mulrow, CD Kroenke, K Dhanda, R Badgett, RG Omori, D Lee, S AF Williams, JW Mulrow, CD Kroenke, K Dhanda, R Badgett, RG Omori, D Lee, S TI Case-finding for depression in primary care: A randomized trial SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW SCHEDULE; LATE-LIFE DEPRESSION; QUALITY-OF-LIFE; CAGE QUESTIONNAIRE; MEDICAL OUTCOMES; MENTAL-DISORDERS; CLINICAL-TRIAL; INSTRUMENTS; RECOGNITION; DISABILITY AB PURPOSE: Depression is a highly prevalent, morbid, and costly illness that is often unrecognized and inadequately treated. Because depression questionnaires have the potential to improve recognition, we evaluated the accuracy and effects on primary care of two case-finding instruments compared to usual care. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The study was conducted at three university-affiliated and one community-based medical clinics. Consecutive patients were randomly assigned to be asked a single question about mood, to fill out the 20-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Screen, or to usual care. Within 72 hours, patients were assessed for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Third Revised Edition (DSM-III-R) disorders by an assessor blinded to the screening results. Process of care was assessed using charr audit and administrative databases; patient and physician satisfaction was assessed using Likert scales. At 3 months, depressed patients and a random sample of nondepressed patients were re-assessed for DSM-III-R disorders and symptom counts. RESULTS: We approached 1,083 patients, of whom 969 consented to screening and were assigned to the single question (n = 330), 20-item questionnaire (n = 323), or usual care (n = 316). The interview for DSM-III-R diagnosis was completed in 863 (89%) patients; major depression, dysthymia, or minor depression was present in 13%. Both instruments were sensitive, but the 20-item questionnaire was more specific than the single question (75% vs 66%, P = 0.03). The 20-item questionnaire was less likely to be self-administered (54% vs 90%) and took significantly more time to complete (15 vs 248 seconds). Case-finding with the 20-item questionnaire or single question modestly increased depression recognition, 30/77 (39%) compared with 11/38 (29%) in usual care (P = 0.31) but did not affect treatment (45% vs 43%, P = 0.88). Effects on DSM-III-R symptoms were mixed. Recovery from depression was more likely in the case-finding than usual care groups, 32/67 (48%) versus 8/30 (27%, P = 0.03), but the mean improvement in depression symptoms did not differ significantly (1.6 vs 1.5 symptoms, P = 0.21). CONCLUSIONS: A simple question about depression has similar performance characteristics as a longer 20-item questionnaire and is more feasible because of its brevity, Case-finding leads to a modest increase in recognition rates, but does not have consistently positive effects on patient outcomes. Am J Med. 1999;106:36-43. (C) 1999 by Excerpta Medica, Inc. C1 San Antonio Vet Hlth Serv, Res Field Program, San Antonio, TX USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Div Gen Internal Med, San Antonio, TX USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Div Gen Internal Med, Washington, DC USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Williams, JW (reprint author), Ambulatory Care 11C 6, 7400 Merotn Minter Blvd, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. RI Williams, Jr., John/A-3696-2008 OI Williams, Jr., John/0000-0002-5267-5558 FU NIA NIH HHS [1T20AG12044-04] NR 53 TC 129 Z9 130 U1 3 U2 3 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 245 WEST 17TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0002-9343 J9 AM J MED JI Am. J. Med. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 106 IS 1 BP 36 EP 43 DI 10.1016/S0002-9343(98)00371-4 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 164MN UT WOS:000078468300007 PM 10320115 ER PT J AU Dockall, HD Baker, JE AF Dockall, HD Baker, JE TI Skeletal health of an elderly sample of Civil War era veterans. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Cent Identificat Lab, Hickam AFB, HI 96853 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0002-9483 J9 AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL JI Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. PY 1999 SU 28 BP 120 EP 120 PG 1 WC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology SC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology GA 184JE UT WOS:000079607500111 ER PT J AU Domett, KM AF Domett, KM TI Oral health in southeast Asia. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Cent Identificat Lab, Hickam AFB, HI 96853 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anthropol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RI Domett, Kate/J-4105-2014 OI Domett, Kate/0000-0001-5091-3105 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0002-9483 J9 AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL JI Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. PY 1999 SU 28 BP 120 EP 121 PG 2 WC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology SC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology GA 184JE UT WOS:000079607500112 ER PT J AU Ulijaszek, SJ Matthew, W AF Ulijaszek, SJ Matthew, W TI To what extent might the short working day of Australian hunter-gatherers have been limited by heat stress? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Univ Oxford, Inst Biol Anthropol, Oxford, England. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0002-9483 J9 AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL JI Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. PY 1999 SU 28 BP 269 EP 269 PG 1 WC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology SC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology GA 184JE UT WOS:000079607500529 ER PT J AU Ma, D Bhattacharjee, AK Gupta, RK Karle, JM AF Ma, D Bhattacharjee, AK Gupta, RK Karle, JM TI Predicting mosquito repellent potency of N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) analogs from molecular electronic properties SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article AB Specific molecular electronic properties of 30 N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) analogs demonstrate functional dependence with their reported duration of protection against mosquito bites, thus providing predictors of insect repellent efficacy. No single electronic property is sufficient to predict repellent efficacy as measured by protection time, rather a set of specific electronic properties is required. Thus, the values of the van der Waals surface electrostatic potential by the amide nitrogen and oxygen atoms, the atomic charge at the amide nitrogen atom, and the dipole moment must all be in optimal ranges for potent repellency. The electronic properties were calculated using the AM1 semi-empirical quantum chemical method using commercial software. These easily calculable predictors of repellent efficacy should be useful in predicting the relative efficacy of newly designed compounds, thus guiding the selection of new repellents for testing. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Dept Pharmacol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Entomol, Div Communicable Dis & Immunol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Karle, JM (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Dept Pharmacol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 29 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 60 IS 1 BP 1 EP 6 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 163ZE UT WOS:000078436300001 PM 9988314 ER PT S AU Ensminger, SL Evenson, EB Larson, GJ Lawson, DE Alley, RB Strasser, JC AF Ensminger, SL Evenson, EB Larson, GJ Lawson, DE Alley, RB Strasser, JC BE Kleman, J TI Preliminary study of laminated, silt-rich debris bands: Matanuska Glacier, Alaska, USA SO ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY SE ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Glaciers and the Glaciated Landscape CY AUG 17-20, 1998 CL KIRUNA, SWEDEN SP Int Glaciol Soc ID BASAL ICE; STORGLACIAREN; EVOLUTION; SWEDEN AB Several different types of laterally extensive debris bands occur along the western terminus region of the Matanuska Glacier, Alaska, U.S.A. An ice-bed process, which to our knowledge has not previously been recognized and described, forms the most common and most prominent type of debris band at Matanuska Glacier's terminus. The debris bands are composed of one or several millimeter-thick laminations of silt-rich ice having much higher sediment content than that of the surrounding ice. Samples of these bands and their surrounding englacial ice have been analyzed for anthropogenic tritium (H-3), oxygen-18 (delta(18)O), and deuterium (delta D). We interpreted the laminated, silt-rich debris bands as basal fractures, along which silt-laden, glaciohydraulically supercooled and pressurized waters flowed, healing the fractures by ice growth. This process is analogous to the inward growth of hydrothermal quartz from the sides of an open fracture. C1 Lehigh Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, E Lansing, MI USA. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Anchorage, AK 99505 USA. Penn State Univ, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Augustana Coll, Dept Geol, Rock Island, IL 61201 USA. RP Ensminger, SL (reprint author), Lehigh Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. NR 46 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT GLACIOLOGICAL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND CB2 1ER SN 0260-3055 BN 0-946417-23-7 J9 ANN GLACIOL PY 1999 VL 28 BP 261 EP 266 DI 10.3189/172756499781821850 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geography; Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geography; Geology GA BP17L UT WOS:000084312000039 ER PT S AU Denner, JC Lawson, DE Larson, GJ Evenson, EB Alley, RB Strasser, JC Kopczynski, S AF Denner, JC Lawson, DE Larson, GJ Evenson, EB Alley, RB Strasser, JC Kopczynski, S BE Kleman, J TI Seasonal variability in hydrologic-system response to intense rain events, Matanuska Glacier, Alaska, USA SO ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY SE ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Glaciers and the Glaciated Landscape CY AUG 17-20, 1998 CL KIRUNA, SWEDEN SP Int Glaciol Soc AB Two rain events at Matanuska Glacier illustrate how subglacial drainage system development and snowpack conditions affect hydrologic response at the terminus. On 21 and 22 September 1995, over 56 mm of rain fell in the basin during a period usually characterized by much drier conditions. This event caused an 8-fold increase in discharge and a 47-fold increase in suspended-sediment concentration. Peak suspended-sediment concentration exceeded 20 kg m(-3), suggesting rapid evacuation of stored sediment. While water discharge returned to its pre-storm level nine days after the rain ceased, suspended-sediment concentrations took about 20 days to return to pre-storm levels. These observations suggest that the storm influx late in the melt season probably forced subglacial water into a more distributed system. In addition, subglacially transported sediments were supplemented to an unknown degree by the influx of storm-eroded sediments off hillslopes and from tributary drainage basins. A storm on 6 and 7 June 1997 dropped 28 mm of rain on the basin demonstrating the effects of meltwater retention in the snowpack and englacial and subglacial storage early in the melt season. Streamflow before the storm event was increasing gradually owing to warming temperatures; however, discharge during the storm and the following week increased only slightly Suspended-sediment concentrations increased only a small amount, suggesting the drainage system was not yet well developed, and much of the runoff occurred across the relatively clean surface of the glacier or through englacial channels. C1 US Geol Survey, Montpelier, VT 05601 USA. Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Anchorage, AK 99505 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Lehigh Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. Penn State Univ, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, University Pk, PA 18015 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 18015 USA. Augustana Coll, Dept Geol, Rock Island, IL 61201 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Dept Earth Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Denner, JC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Montpelier, VT 05601 USA. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT GLACIOLOGICAL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND CB2 1ER SN 0260-3055 BN 0-946417-23-7 J9 ANN GLACIOL PY 1999 VL 28 BP 267 EP 271 DI 10.3189/172756499781821715 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geography; Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geography; Geology GA BP17L UT WOS:000084312000040 ER PT J AU Miner, TJ Shriver, CD Flicek, PR Miner, FC Jaques, DP Maniscalco-Theberge, ME Krag, DN AF Miner, TJ Shriver, CD Flicek, PR Miner, FC Jaques, DP Maniscalco-Theberge, ME Krag, DN TI Guidelines for the safe use of radioactive materials during localization and resection of the sentinel lymph node SO ANNALS OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 51st Annual Cancer Symposium of the Society-of-Surgical-Oncology CY MAR 25-29, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Soc Surg Oncol DE radiation; technetium; lymph node; breast cancer; melanoma ID EARLY-STAGE MELANOMA; BREAST-CANCER; MALIGNANT-MELANOMA; GAMMA-PROBE; AXILLARY DISSECTION; PROGNOSTIC FACTORS; MANAGEMENT; LYMPHOSCINTIGRAPHY; LYMPHADENECTOMY; BIOPSY AB Background: Several reports have demonstrated accurate prediction of nodal metastasis with radiolocalization and selective resection of the radiolocalized sentinel lymph node (SLN) in patients with breast cancer and melanoma. As reliance on this technique grows, its use by those without experience in radiation safety will increase. Methods: Tissue obtained during radioguided SLN biopsies was examined for residual radioactivity. Specimens with a specific activity greater than the radiologic control level (RCL) of 0.002 mu Ci/g were considered radioactive. Radiation exposure to the surgical team was measured. Results: A total of 24 primary tissue specimens and 318 lymph nodes were obtained during 57 operations (37 for breast cancer, 20 for melanoma). All 24 (100%) of the specimens injected with radiopharmaceutical and 89 of 98 (91%) of the localized nodes were radioactive after surgery. Activity fell below the RCL 71 +/- 3.6 hours in primary tissue specimens, 46 +/- 1.7 hours in nodes from melanoma patients, and 33 +/- 3.5 hours in nodes from breast cancer patients (P =.037). The hands of the surgical team (n = 22 cases) were exposed to 9.4 +/- 3.6 mrem/case. Conclusion: Although low levels of radiation exposure are associated with radiolocalization and resection of the SLN, the presented guidelines ensure conformity to existing regulations and allow timely pathologic analysis. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Gen Surg, Gen Surg Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Hlth Phys, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Ryley Carlock & Applewhite Attorneys At Law, Phoenix, AZ USA. Vermont Reg Canc Ctr, Burlington, VT 05401 USA. RP Shriver, CD (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Gen Surg, Gen Surg Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [U01 CA65121-02] NR 38 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1068-9265 J9 ANN SURG ONCOL JI Ann. Surg. Oncol. PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 6 IS 1 BP 75 EP 82 DI 10.1007/s10434-999-0075-7 PG 8 WC Oncology; Surgery SC Oncology; Surgery GA 164QV UT WOS:000078475800017 PM 10030418 ER PT B AU Ratto, JA Steeves, DM Welsh, EA Powell, BE AF Ratto, JA Steeves, DM Welsh, EA Powell, BE GP SOC PLAST ENGINEERS SOC PLAST ENGINEERS SOC PLAST ENGINEERS TI A study of polymer clay nanocomposites for biodegradable applications SO ANTEC '99: PLASTICS BRIDGING THE MILLENNIA, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS I-III: VOL I: PROCESSING; VOL II: MATERIALS; VOL III: SPECIAL AREAS; LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 57th Annual Technical Conference of the SPE on Plastics Bridging the Millennia (ANTEC 99) CY MAY 02-06, 1999 CL NEW YORK, NY SP Soc Plast Engineers DE nanocomposite; montmorilonite clays; polycaprolactone; biodegradation ID SILICATE NANOCOMPOSITES; EPSILON-CAPROLACTAM AB A series of biodegradable polymer/clay nanocomposites have been prepared using two techniques: in-situ polymerization and twin screw extrusion. These samples containing 5-25% clay and polycaprolatone (PCL) were characterized with regard to processability, biodegradability, morphology, thermal behavior and mechanical properties. The processing at different screw speeds (20, 40, 60 rpm) did not alter the polymer/clay interactions. Biodegradation results in soil showed 50% mineralization of PCL/clay in 50 days as compared to 10% for the pure PCL film. X-ray diffraction patterns demonstrated that the polymer had different degrees of intercalation in the silicate layers of the clay. Dynamic mechanical analysis showed no change in the PCL glass transition temperature with the addition of clay. C1 USA, Natick Soldier Biol & Chem Command, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Ratto, JA (reprint author), USA, Natick Soldier Biol & Chem Command, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC PLASTICS ENGINEERS PI BROOKFIELD CENTER PA 14 FAIRFIELD DR, BROOKFIELD CENTER, CT 06805 USA BN 1-56676-804-7 PY 1999 BP 1628 EP 1632 PG 5 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BN12H UT WOS:000080784900306 ER PT B AU Walsh, SM Mohan, RV AF Walsh, SM Mohan, RV GP SOC PLAST ENGINEERS SOC PLAST ENGINEERS SOC PLAST ENGINEERS TI Study of staggered flow fronts with applications to sensor-based control SO ANTEC '99: PLASTICS BRIDGING THE MILLENNIA, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS I-III: VOL I: PROCESSING; VOL II: MATERIALS; VOL III: SPECIAL AREAS; LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 57th Annual Technical Conference of the SPE on Plastics Bridging the Millennia (ANTEC 99) CY MAY 02-06, 1999 CL NEW YORK, NY SP Soc Plast Engineers DE vacuum based Resin Transfer Molding (RTM; VARTM); Sensor Based Control; permeabilities and staggered flow fronts; experimental investigations AB The present study examines several issues of relevance in the understanding and development of techniques for characterizing and controlling flow fronts developed in the VARTM (Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding) process. A sensor-based control system was used to selectively and autonomously compensate for lagging flow fronts resulting from permeability variations in the constituent preform. The fundamental control objective was to thoroughly impregnate the entire fibrous preform in a minimum amount of time, subject to minimizing the flow "lag" induced by dissimilar preform peremeabilities. C1 USA, Ballist Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Walsh, SM (reprint author), USA, Ballist Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC PLASTICS ENGINEERS PI BROOKFIELD CENTER PA 14 FAIRFIELD DR, BROOKFIELD CENTER, CT 06805 USA BN 1-56676-804-7 PY 1999 BP 2681 EP 2685 PG 5 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BN12H UT WOS:000080784900508 ER PT B AU Triplett, MH AF Triplett, MH GP SOC PLAST ENGINEERS SOC PLAST ENGINEERS SOC PLAST ENGINEERS TI Progressive failure analysis of fiber composite structures SO ANTEC '99: PLASTICS BRIDGING THE MILLENNIA, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS I-III: VOL I: PROCESSING; VOL II: MATERIALS; VOL III: SPECIAL AREAS; LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 57th Annual Technical Conference of the SPE on Plastics Bridging the Millennia (ANTEC 99) CY MAY 02-06, 1999 CL NEW YORK, NY SP Soc Plast Engineers DE composites; progressive failure; failure criteria; finite element analysis AB A progressive failure analysis of fiber reinforced composite laminates using finite element analysis is presented. The progressive failure model is based on the Hashin-Rotem failure criterion, which separates fiber and matrix failure modes. In the analysis, the lamina material properties are reduced depending on the failure mode until ultimate failure of the laminate is reached. The progressive failure analysis is compared to published tensile experiments on various carbon/epoxy laminated structures with good agreement. C1 USA, Army Aviat & Missile Command, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35809 USA. RP Triplett, MH (reprint author), USA, Army Aviat & Missile Command, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35809 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC PLASTICS ENGINEERS PI BROOKFIELD CENTER PA 14 FAIRFIELD DR, BROOKFIELD CENTER, CT 06805 USA BN 1-56676-804-7 PY 1999 BP 2728 EP 2731 PG 4 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BN12H UT WOS:000080784900517 ER PT B AU Song, JW Hsieh, AJ AF Song, JW Hsieh, AJ GP SOC PLAST ENGINEERS SOC PLAST ENGINEERS SOC PLAST ENGINEERS TI Ballistic impact energy measurement of novel coextruded PC PMMA multilayer composites SO ANTEC '99: PLASTICS BRIDGING THE MILLENNIA, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS I-III: VOL I: PROCESSING; VOL II: MATERIALS; VOL III: SPECIAL AREAS; LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 57th Annual Technical Conference of the SPE on Plastics Bridging the Millennia (ANTEC 99) CY MAY 02-06, 1999 CL NEW YORK, NY SP Soc Plast Engineers ID MICROLAYER COMPOSITES; POLYCARBONATE; POLY(STYRENE-ACRYLONITRILE) AB Ballistic impact energy measurements of coextruded polycarbonate/polymethylmethacrylate (PC/PMMA) multilayer composites were performed. Until PC composition reaches approximately 70%, ballistic kinetic energy absorption capability of these composites is relatively low and differences within the region are negligible. They all failed in brittle fashion. However, ballistic performance improved drastically above 80% of PC composition, with ductile mode of failure. The individual layer of PMMA appeared to be the dominant factor in determining the ballistic performance as well as mode of failure of these coextruded composites. Ballistic impact energy values were significantly increased when the PMMA individual layer thickness was reduced to approximately 0.36 mu m or thinner. Ductile mode of failure, which is predominant in the monolithic PC, occurred in these corresponding PC/PMMA multilayer composites. C1 USA, Soldier & Biol Chem Command, Soldier Syst Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Song, JW (reprint author), USA, Soldier & Biol Chem Command, Soldier Syst Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC PLASTICS ENGINEERS PI BROOKFIELD CENTER PA 14 FAIRFIELD DR, BROOKFIELD CENTER, CT 06805 USA BN 1-56676-804-7 PY 1999 BP 3406 EP 3410 PG 5 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BN12H UT WOS:000080784900658 ER PT S AU Johnson, JL Taylor, JR Anderson, M AF Johnson, JL Taylor, JR Anderson, M BE Priddy, KL Keller, PE Fogel, DB Bezdek, JC TI Pulse coupled neural network shadow compensation SO APPLICATIONS AND SCIENCE OF COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Applications and Science of Computational Intelligence II CY APR 05-08, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE - Int Soc Opt Engn DE pulses; neural networks; products; image factorization; shadow removal AB The Pulsed Coupled Neural Network (PCNN) algorithm, when modified for use as an image processor, provides a unique method of multiplicative image decomposition (PCNN factorization). Because the factorization is ordered by levels of scene contrast, the first few factors contain the strong contrasts generally associated with shadows. The PCNN factorization effectively and automatically finds scene shadows. This is further developed here as a computationally effective shadow compensation algorithm with illustrative examples given, and is shown to be significantly more effective than histogram equalization. The advantage and disadvantages are discussed. C1 USA, Aviat & Missile Command, PL,WS, RD,AMSAM, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Johnson, JL (reprint author), USA, Aviat & Missile Command, PL,WS, RD,AMSAM, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3196-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3722 BP 452 EP 456 DI 10.1117/12.342901 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics GA BM94R UT WOS:000080213000043 ER PT S AU Chan, LA Nasrabadi, NM Torrieri, D AF Chan, LA Nasrabadi, NM Torrieri, D BE Nasrabadi, NM Katsaggelos, AK TI Eigenspace transformation for automatic target detection SO APPLICATIONS OF ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS IN IMAGE PROCESSING IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Applications of Artificial Neural Networks in Image Processing IV CY JAN 28-29, 1999 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE, Soc Imaging Sci & Tecnnol DE principal component analysis; eigentargets; eigenspace separation; multilayer perceptron; automatic target detection; FLIR imagery ID NEURAL-NETWORK; RECOGNITION AB In this paper, two eigenspace transformations are examined for feature extraction and dimensionality reduction in an automatic target detector. The transformations considered in this research are principal component analysis (PCA) and the eigenspace separation transform (EST). These transformations differ in their:capabilities to enhance the class separability and to compact the information (energy) for a given training set. The transformed data, obtained by projection of the normalized input images onto a chosen set of eigentargets, are fed to a multilayer perceptron (MLP) that decides whether a given input image is a target or clutter. In order to search for the optimal performance, we use different sets of eigentargets and construct the matching MLPs. Although the number of hidden layers is fixed, the numbers of inputs and weights of these MLPs are proportional to the number of eigentargets selected. These MLPs are trained with a modified Qprop algorithm that maximizes the target-clutter class separation at a predefined false-alarm rate. Experimental results are presented on a huge and realistic data set of forward-looking infrared (FLIR) imagery. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Nasrabadi, NM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3118-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3647 BP 2 EP 13 DI 10.1117/12.341106 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics GA BM86X UT WOS:000079968400001 ER PT S AU Marinelli, AMP Kaplan, LM Nasrabadi, NM AF Marinelli, AMP Kaplan, LM Nasrabadi, NM BE Nasrabadi, NM Katsaggelos, AK TI SAR ATR using learning vector quantization SO APPLICATIONS OF ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS IN IMAGE PROCESSING IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Applications of Artificial Neural Networks in Image Processing IV CY JAN 28-29, 1999 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE, Soc Imaging Sci & Tecnnol DE SAR; ATR; learning vector quantization AB We address the problem of recognizing 10 types of vehicles in imagery formed from synthetic aperture radar (SAR). SAR provides all-weather, day, or night imagery of the battlefield. To aid in the analysis of the copious amounts of imagery available today, automatic target recognition (ATR) algorithms, which are either template-based or model-based, are needed. We enhanced template-based algorithms, by using an artificial neural network (ANN) td increase the discriminating characteristics of 10 initial sets of templates. The ANN is a modified learning vector quantization (LVQ) algorithm, previously shown effective With forward-looking infrared (FLIR) imagery. For comparison, we ran the experiments with LVQ using three different sized template sets. These template sets captured the target signature variations over 60 degrees, 40 degrees, and 20 degrees. We allowed LVQ to modify the templates, as necessary, using the training imagery-from all 10 targets. The resulting templates represent the 10 target types with greater separability in feature space. Using sequestered test imagery, we compared the pre- and post-LVQ template sets in terms of their ability to discriminate the 10 target types. All training and test imagery is publicly available from the Moving and Stationary Target Acquisition and Recognition (MSTAR) program, sponsored by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA). C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Marinelli, AMP (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3118-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3647 BP 14 EP 25 DI 10.1117/12.341116 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics GA BM86X UT WOS:000079968400002 ER PT S AU Vanderbeek, RG Ben-David, A D'Amico, FM AF Vanderbeek, RG Ben-David, A D'Amico, FM BE SedlacekIII, AJ Fischer, KW TI Detection and estimation of the column content of one or more vapors with a frequency-agile lidar SO APPLICATIONS OF LIDAR TO CURRENT ATMOSPHERIC TOPICS III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Annual Meeting on Applications of Lidar to Current Atmospheric Topics CY JUL 19-23, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE ID ATMOSPHERE AB This paper presents a multi-wavelength algorithm that utilizes the weighted mean of all possible DIAL pairs. The weights are a function of the differential absorption coefficient between the DIAL pairs. The algorithm is shown to have greater sensitivity and robustness than two-wavelength DIAL. In addition, an algorithm for estimating the column content (CL) in the presence of multiple vapors is described. The algorithm iteratively fits the lidar equation to the data by adjusting the CL of each vapor of interest. Results are shown using topographic chamber test data collected in Dugway Proving Ground in 1996 using our frequency-agile lidar sensor. C1 USA, Edgewood Chem & Biol Ctr, SCBRD, RTE, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Vanderbeek, RG (reprint author), USA, Edgewood Chem & Biol Ctr, SCBRD, RTE, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3243-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3757 BP 103 EP 112 DI 10.1117/12.366424 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BN97U UT WOS:000083736900012 ER PT J AU Leitschuh, PH Bone, CM Bouska, WM AF Leitschuh, PH Bone, CM Bouska, WM TI Magnetic resonance imaging diagnosis, sonographically directed percutaneous aspiration, and arthroscopic treatment of a painful shoulder ganglion cyst associated with a SLAP lesion SO ARTHROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE shoulder; ganglion cyst; SLAP lesion; arthroscopy; sonography ID SUPRASCAPULAR-NERVE ENTRAPMENT AB A 30-year-old, right-handed man presented with the insidious onset of right shoulder pain associated with overhead activities. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a perilabral ganglion cyst associated with a SLAP lesion (lesion of the superior labrum, both anterior and posterior). After unsuccessful treatment with sonographically directed percutaneous aspiration of the cyst, arthroscopic techniques were employed to intra-articularly decompress the cyst and stabilize the labral tear. C1 William Beaumont Army Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed, El Paso, TX 79920 USA. William Beaumont Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, El Paso, TX 79920 USA. Womack Army Hosp, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Ft Bragg, NC USA. RP Leitschuh, PH (reprint author), William Beaumont Army Med Ctr, Dept Orthoped, Ft Bliss, TX 79920 USA. NR 11 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0749-8063 J9 ARTHROSCOPY JI Arthroscopy PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 15 IS 1 BP 85 EP 87 PG 3 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 156KE UT WOS:000077999500013 PM 10024038 ER PT J AU Kuklo, TR Mackenzie, WG Keeler, KA AF Kuklo, TR Mackenzie, WG Keeler, KA TI Hip arthroscopy in Legg-Calve-Perthes disease SO ARTHROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE hip arthroscopy; Legg-Calve-Perthes disease AB The case of a 7-year-old boy with Legg-Calve-Perthes disease is presented. He had a prominent island of superficial epiphyseal ossification in his right femoral head an unusual finding in Legg-Calve-Perthes disease. Hip arthroscopy was used successfully to identify and treat the lesion. After the procedure, the patient had a reduction in pain and an increase in range of hip motion. We believe that this case demonstrates the effective use of hip arthroscopy in the treatment of this unusual sequela of Legg-Calve-Perthes disease. C1 Alfred I Dupont Hosp Children, Dept Orthopaed, Wilmington, DE 19899 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Mackenzie, WG (reprint author), Alfred I Dupont Hosp Children, Dept Orthopaed, POB 269, Wilmington, DE 19899 USA. NR 14 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0749-8063 J9 ARTHROSCOPY JI Arthroscopy PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 15 IS 1 BP 88 EP 92 DI 10.1053/ar.1999.v15.0150081 PG 5 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 156KE UT WOS:000077999500014 PM 10024039 ER PT J AU Goff, JM Jackson, MR Taher, M Cutting, MA Alving, BM Krishnamurti, C AF Goff, JM Jackson, MR Taher, M Cutting, MA Alving, BM Krishnamurti, C TI Physiologic responses of cross-linked hemoglobin in endotoxin-treated rats SO ARTIFICIAL CELLS BLOOD SUBSTITUTES AND IMMOBILIZATION BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BLOOD-PRESSURE; NITRIC-OXIDE; MODEL; SHOCK; SUBSTITUTES; ENDOTHELIN; OUTPUT AB Purified human cross-linked hemoglobin (alpha alpha Hb) as well as recombinant human hemoglobin is undergoing clinical trials in the setting of acute brood loss and perioperative hemodilution. We have previously demonstrated that in rabbits with circulating plasma Hb, such as alpha alpha Hb, infusion of endotoxin (LPS) impairs myocardial contractility which results in hypotension, tissue hypoperfusion and increased mortality. The untoward cardiovascular effects occurring after the combined infusion of LPS and alpha alpha Hb in this model are similar to those reported for other agents that inhibit nitric oxide (NO) availability. To determine if the deleterious effects of alpha alpha Hb and LPS were species specific, we performed similar studies in rats. Anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats received LPS (4 mg/kg or 40 mg/kg) alone or in combination with alpha alpha Hb (0.7 g/kg). Mean arterial blood pressures (MAP) increased in the group that received alpha alpha Hb alone (105+/-8 to 120+/-7 mm Hg, p=0.2) and a decrease was noted in the groups that received low dose LPS (4 mg/kg, p=0.5) and high dose LPS (40 mg/kg, p=0.016). MAP in rats treated with the LPS at either dose combined with alpha alpha Hb remained unchanged. Levels of urine nitrite, which was measured as a surrogate marker for plasma NO, were significantly decreased at 2 hr in groups that received the combination of alpha alpha Hb and LPS at 4 mg/kg (p=0.022) and 40 mg/kg (p=0.003). No significant decrease was observed in animals treated only with alpha alpha Hb (p=0.21) or LPS (4 mg/kg; p=0.78 and 40 mg/kg; p=0.65). Survival was evaluated during 72 hr in animals that were infused with high dose LPS (40 mg/kg) alone or in combination with alpha alpha Hb and then allowed to recover. The survival of rats treated with LPS alone or the combination was 29% at the end of 24 hr and was 100% for rats receiving only alpha alpha Hb. The data suggest that the toxicity of alpha alpha Hb appears to be a species specific phenomenon. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Hematol & Vasc Biol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1073-1199 J9 ARTIF CELL BLOOD SUB JI Artif. Cells Blood Substit. Immobil. Biotechnol. PY 1999 VL 27 IS 1 BP 11 EP 21 DI 10.3109/10731199909117480 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering; Materials Science GA 164NR UT WOS:000078470900002 PM 10063435 ER PT J AU Szebeni, J Alving, CR AF Szebeni, J Alving, CR TI Complement-mediated acute effects of liposome-encapsulated hemoglobin SO ARTIFICIAL CELLS BLOOD SUBSTITUTES AND IMMOBILIZATION BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RECEPTOR TYPE-1; IN-VITRO; CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS; BIOLOGICAL RESPONSES; PATHWAY ACTIVATION; CORONARY-ARTERIES; THROMBOXANE A(2); RED-CELL; ERYTHROCYTES; AMPHOTERICIN AB Recent studies an liposome-encapsulated hemoglobin (LEH) have indicated that this potential blood substitute can activate the complement (C) system of rats, pigs and man. The reaction can involve both the classical and the alternative pathways, and is mediated, in part, by the binding of natural anti-lipid antibodies to the lipid membrane of liposomes. The significance of these discoveries lies in the fact that C activation appears to be the primary cause of the acute physiological, hematological and laboratory changes that have been observed previously in rats and pigs following the administration of LEH or liposomes, which changes include pulmonary vasoconstriction with decreased cardiac output. In light of the proposed use of LEH as an emergency blood substitute, the latter impairment of cardiopulmonary function may warrant particular circumspection as it could aggravate the clinical state of trauma patients who are prone to develop respiratory distress partly as a consequence of C activation by the injury. Our studies on rats and pigs suggest that the above acute side effects of LEH, including the cardiopulmonary distress, can be efficiently inhibited with soluble complement receptor type I, a specific inhibitor of C activation. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Membrane Biochem, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Szebeni, J (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Membrane Biochem, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 64 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1073-1199 J9 ARTIF CELL BLOOD SUB JI Artif. Cells Blood Substit. Immobil. Biotechnol. PY 1999 VL 27 IS 1 BP 23 EP 41 DI 10.3109/10731199909117481 PG 19 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering; Materials Science GA 164NR UT WOS:000078470900003 PM 10063436 ER PT B AU Strand, DJ AF Strand, DJ GP ASNT ASNT TI Sensors and simulation of composite manufacturing processes SO ASNT FALL CONFERENCE AND QUALITY TESTING SHOW PAPER SUMMARIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Society-for-Nondestructive-Testing Fall Conference and Quality Testing Show CY OCT 11-15, 1999 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing C1 USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Directorate, Rodman Mat Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Strand, DJ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Directorate, Rodman Mat Lab, Bldg 4600, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING PI COLUMBUS PA 1711 ARLINGATE LANE, PO BOX 28518, COLUMBUS, OH 43228-0518 USA BN 1-57117-036-7 PY 1999 BP 70 EP 73 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA BU34D UT WOS:000175724600015 ER PT J AU Soln, J AF Soln, J TI Strong magnetic field helical Cerenkov effect with some astrophysical implications SO ASTRONOMISCHE NACHRICHTEN LA English DT Article ID RADIATION AB It is at very strong magnetic fields that the helical Cerenkov effect, originating from the electron guiding center for an electron in helical motion in a magnetic field which is superimposed on a dielectric medium, resembles most closely the ordinary Cerenkov effect. In the absence of extremely strong magnetic fields in the laboratory, we turn our attention to the neutron stars (pulsar) and supernovae which can have magnetic fields whose values can easily be in the range of 10(5) - 10(9) T. The medium in which these magnetic fields reside is likely to be an ionized medium; that is, a plasma, which, as usual, may be assumed to be dominated by electrons. Here we wish to argue that in such a strong magnetic field dominated medium, at least on a classical level, radiation process associated with the helical Cerenkov radiation could be rather important. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Soln, J (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0004-6337 J9 ASTRON NACHR JI Astro. Nachr. PY 1999 VL 320 IS 3 BP 141 EP 146 DI 10.1002/1521-3994(199907)320:3<141::AID-ASNA141>3.0.CO;2-J PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 233EU UT WOS:000082413200005 ER PT S AU Hodapp, J Campbell, J AF Hodapp, J Campbell, J BE Sadjadi, FA TI The impact of proper site characterization and ground truthing on test results for UXO detection SO AUTOMATIC TARGET RECOGNITION IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Conference on Automatic Target Recognition CY APR 07-09, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE unexploded ordnance; ground truthing; data collection; site characterization; countermine; test and evaluation AB This paper describes the impact of proper site characterization and ground truthing on test results for the detection of Unexploded Ordnance (UXO). Techniques employed to do proper site characterization and methods used to generate accurate and meaningful ground truth data are presented within the context of recent data collections held at the Joint UXO Coordination Office's (JUXOCO) test site at Ft. AP Hill VA. The risks associated with poor site preparation or inaccurate ground truthing are presented with illustrative examples based upon past data collection exercises. Key documentation including collection plans and data formats, as well as Web-based data distribution and coordination approaches developed and in use by the Night Vision and Electronic Sensors Directorate (NVESD) in support of the JUXOCO mission are highlighted. Similarities between the UXO mission and the Countermine mission are used to extend the approaches recommended in this paper to related Countermine data collection exercises. The techniques discussed within this paper constitute a key component of a comprehensive Aided Target Recognition (ATR) test and evaluation methodology used by NVESD and made available to the ATR community to further algorithm development and maturity within the industry. C1 USA, CECOM RDEC, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, AMSEL RD NV ST, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Hodapp, J (reprint author), USA, CECOM RDEC, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, AMSEL RD NV ST, Suite 430, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3192-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3718 BP 38 EP 46 DI 10.1117/12.359968 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BN77Q UT WOS:000082902000004 ER PT S AU Shaffer, DA AF Shaffer, DA BE Sadjadi, FA TI Use of performance modeling in ATR algorithm and data partitioning SO AUTOMATIC TARGET RECOGNITION IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Conference on Automatic Target Recognition CY APR 07-09, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE aided target recognition; real-time; modeling AB One of the problems with taking aided target recognizer software written for a uniprocessor and hosting it on a multiprocessor running in real time is determining the allocation of data and functions across multiple processors. The partitioning varies based on the algorithm and the computer architecture. Often, more than one partitioning is possible. Ideally, one would like to evaluate the possible partitionings, choose a one that meets requirements, and modify or rewrite the existing program to embody that partitioning. The paper describes the steps that were used to rehost a real aided target recognition algorithm onto a commercial off-the-shelf embedded multiprocessor, with an emphasis on the use of performance modeling to determine: which partitioning schemes will result in code which meets requirements. Libraries that facilitate the transition from uniprocessor to multiprocessor are also discussed; the libraries are being evaluated as part of an NVESD effort for the High Performance Computing Modernization Office. C1 USA, CECOM, RDEC Night & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Shaffer, DA (reprint author), USA, CECOM, RDEC Night & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3192-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3718 BP 47 EP 56 DI 10.1117/12.359977 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BN77Q UT WOS:000082902000005 ER PT S AU Chan, LA Nasrabadi, NM Torrieri, D AF Chan, LA Nasrabadi, NM Torrieri, D BE Sadjadi, FA TI Clutter rejection using eigenspace transformation SO AUTOMATIC TARGET RECOGNITION IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Conference on Automatic Target Recognition CY APR 07-09, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE principal component analysis; eigentargets; eigenspace separation; multilayer perceptron; clutter rejection; FLIR imagery ID AUTOMATIC TARGET RECOGNITION; NEURAL-NETWORK AB An effective clutter rejection scheme is needed to distinguish between clutter and targets in a high-performance automatic target recognition system. In this paper, we present a clutter rejection scheme that consists of an eigenspace transformation and a multilayer perceptron (MLP). The input to the clutter rejector module is the output of the detector that provides the potential regions (target chips). We first use an eigen transformation for feature extraction and dimensionality reduction. The transformations considered in this research are principal component analysis (PCA) and the eigenspace separation transform (EST). These transformations differ in their capabilities to enhance the class separability and to compact the information (energy) for a given training set. The result of the eigenspace transformation is then fed to an MLP that predicts the identity of the input, which is either a target or clutter. To search for the optimal performance, we use different sets of eigentargets and construct the matching MLPs. Modified from the popular Qprop algorithm, we devise an MLP training algorithm that seeks to maximize the class separation at a given false-alarm rate, which does not necessarily minimize the average deviation of the MLP outputs from their target values. Experimental results are presented on a huge and realistic data set of forward-looking infrared (FLIR) imagery. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Nasrabadi, NM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3192-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3718 BP 67 EP 78 DI 10.1117/12.359992 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BN77Q UT WOS:000082902000007 ER PT S AU Hamilton, MK Roper, WE AF Hamilton, MK Roper, WE BE Sadjadi, FA TI The US Army's Center of Excellence for Spectral Sensing Technology SO AUTOMATIC TARGET RECOGNITION IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Conference on Automatic Target Recognition CY APR 07-09, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE hyperspectral; signature; processing; exploitation; sensors; terrain; materials; spectrum AB Recent advances in the field of spectral(1) sensing technology have elucidated the benefits of multi-spectral and hyperspectral sensing to the Army's user community. These advancements, when properly exploited can provide the Army with additional and improved automated terrain analysis, image understanding, object detection, and material characterization capabilities. The U.S. Army, led by the Topographic Engineering Center, has established a Center of Excellence for Spectral Sensing Technology. This Center conducts Army wide collaborative research on, and development and demonstration of spectral sensing, processing and exploitation technologies. The Center's collaborative efforts integrate Army programs across multiple disciplines and form a baseline program consisting of coordinated technology thrusts. The program's applied research and demonstration components will in turn support an Army spectral Strategic Technology Objective (STO) that will ultimately support and leverage joint service efforts starting in FY00. Existing efforts span the domains of sensor hardware, data processing architectures, algorithms, and, signal processing and exploitation technologies across wide spectral regions. These thrusts in turn enable progress and performance improvement in the automated analysis, understanding, classification, discrimination, and identification of terrestrial objects, and materials. The participants draw upon common scientific processes and disciplines to attack similar problems related to different categories and domains of phenomenology. This paper describes the Center's program and objectives along with an explanation of the Army's strategy and approach in support of its program objectives. C1 USA, Topog Engn Ctr, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. RP Hamilton, MK (reprint author), USA, Topog Engn Ctr, 7701 Telegraph Rd, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3192-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3718 BP 490 EP 500 DI 10.1117/12.359986 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BN77Q UT WOS:000082902000050 ER PT S AU Gupta, N Dahmani, R Gottlieb, M Denes, L Kaminsky, B Metes, P AF Gupta, N Dahmani, R Gottlieb, M Denes, L Kaminsky, B Metes, P BE Sadjadi, FA TI Hyperspectral imaging using acousto-optic tunable filters SO AUTOMATIC TARGET RECOGNITION IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Conference on Automatic Target Recognition CY APR 07-09, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE hyperspectral imaging; polarization; imaging; spectro-polarimetry; AOTF; image processing AB Hyperspectral imaging holds great promise for object detection and recognition due to the richness of the spectral content in images from such objects. Ordinary broad-band imagers integrate the spectral information over the entire spectral band of coverage when used without any spectral filtering. In general, the spectral details in the images can be obtained by using an optical filtering element such as a filter wheel, a grating, or an acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF). Since each task of detection and object recognition may require only a limited set of specific spectral bands based on the object as well as the background, it is best to choose a filtering optical element that has high-speed spectral selectivity with high resolution. Of all the optical filtering elements available, only an AOTF offers this capability. Such capability greatly reduces the amount of data collection and processing. In this paper, we present hyperspectral images obtained in the laboratory and from field tests, using visible-to-near-IR (VNIR) AOTF imagers. The imagers use a tellurium dioxide, TeO2, AOTF cell that covers the spectral band from 450 to 1000 nm with a spectral resolution of 10 nm at 600 nm, a charged coupled device (CCD) camera, image-forming optics, frame grabber board, rf electronics, and control and processing software. The imager used for outdoor testing is equipped with a variable phase retardation plate to obtain images with polarimetric signatures (patent pending). The spectral and polarimetric imaging capabilities of the AOTF imager were successfully tested to discriminate targets and backgrounds in various environments. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM ngupta@arl.mil RI Gupta, Neelam/B-8702-2013 NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3192-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 1999 VL 3718 BP 512 EP 521 DI 10.1117/12.359988 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BN77Q UT WOS:000082902000052 ER PT B AU Psotka, J AF Psotka, J BE Scerbo, MW Mouloua, M TI The need to model human agents and human performance in distributed communication systems SO AUTOMATION TECHNOLOGY AND HUMAN PERFORMANCE: CURRENT RESEARCH AND TRENDS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 3rd Conference on Automation Technology and Human Performance CY MAR 25-28, 1998 CL NORFOLK, VA SP Dept Psychol, Old Dominion Univ, Coll Sci, Old Dominion Univ, NASA Langley Res Ctr, Off Naval Res, Human Factors & Ergonom Soc, Tidewater Chapter C1 USA, Res Inst, Alexandria, VA 22333 USA. USA, Res Inst, Alexandria, VA 22333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC PUBL PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430 USA BN 0-8058-3135-5 PY 1999 BP 316 EP 316 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Psychology GA BL92Z UT WOS:000077172900059 ER PT J AU Kiel, JL Seaman, RL Mathur, SP Parker, JE Wright, JR Alls, JL Morales, PJ AF Kiel, JL Seaman, RL Mathur, SP Parker, JE Wright, JR Alls, JL Morales, PJ TI Pulsed microwave induced light, sound, and electrical discharge enhanced by a biopolymer SO BIOELECTROMAGNETICS LA English DT Article DE radio frequency radiation; diazoluminomelanin; free radicals ID SONOLUMINESCENCE; LUMINOL AB Intense flashes of light were observed in sodium bicarbonate and hydrogen peroxide solutions when they were exposed to pulsed microwave radiation, and the response was greatly enhanced by a microwave-absorbing, biosynthesized polymer, diazoluminomelanin. A FPS-7B radar transmitter, operating at 1.25 GHz provided pulses of 5.73 +/- 0.09 mu s in duration at 10.00 +/- 0.03 pulses/s with 2.07 +/- 0.08 MW forward power (mean +/- standard deviation), induced the effect but only when the appropriate chemical interaction was present. This phenomenon involves acoustic wave generation, bubble formation, pulsed luminescence, ionized gas ejection, and electrical discharge. The use of pulsed microwave radiation to generate highly focused energy deposition opens up the possibility of a variety of biomedical applications, including targeting killing of microbes or eukaryotic cells. The full range of microwave intensities and frequencies that induce these effects has yet to be explored and, therefore, the health and safety implications of generating the phenomena in living tissues remain an open question. Published 1999 Wiiey-Liss, Inc.(dagger) C1 USAF, HEDB, Res Lab, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. McKesson BioServ, Brooks AFB, TX USA. USA, Med Res Detachment, Brooks AFB, TX USA. SE Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Durant, OK USA. RP Kiel, JL (reprint author), USAF, HEDB, Res Lab, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div, 2503 Gillingham Dr,Bldg 175E, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0197-8462 J9 BIOELECTROMAGNETICS JI Bioelectromagnetics PY 1999 VL 20 IS 4 BP 216 EP 223 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1521-186X(1999)20:4<216::AID-BEM2>3.0.CO;2-8 PG 8 WC Biology; Biophysics SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics GA 187FC UT WOS:000079775400002 PM 10230935 ER PT S AU Trevino, SF Ivkov, R Matyas, GR Lebeda, FJ AF Trevino, SF Ivkov, R Matyas, GR Lebeda, FJ BE Neenan, T Marcolongo, M Valentini, RF TI Small-angle neutron scattering of bilayer vesicles made with synthetic phospholipids SO BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS-DRUG DELIVERY, IMPLANTS AND TISSUE ENGINEERING SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Biomedical Materials-Drug Delivery, Implants and Tissue Engineering CY NOV 30-DEC 01, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB We have used Small-Angle Neutron Scattering to investigate the structure of bilayer lipid membranes in aqueous solution. The lipids consist of equimolar concentrations of two molecules DMPG and DMPC (see text). The structures consist of solvent filled cores surrounded by shells composed of the lipid bilayers. In particular the radii of the core and shell thickness are measured as a function of lipid concentration and temperature. Other features which reveal themselves are vesicle forming ability of the lipids, additional larger structures and inter-vesicle interactions at large vesicle concentrations. The study is motivated by the possible use of these systems as delivery vehicles for various beneficial therapeutic compounds. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Trevino, SF (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RI Ivkov, Robert/A-3902-2015 OI Ivkov, Robert/0000-0002-2930-5276 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-456-4 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1999 VL 550 BP 83 EP 88 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Biomaterials; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Materials Science; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA BN11N UT WOS:000080751700013 ER PT J AU Olson, MA Cuff, L AF Olson, MA Cuff, L TI Free energy determinants of binding the rRNA substrate and small ligands to ricin A-chain SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID POISSON-BOLTZMANN EQUATION; ACTIVE-SITE; MOLECULAR ASSOCIATION; SIMULATION ANALYSIS; DNA INTERACTIONS; ANALOGS; ENTROPY; LOOP; RNA; MUTAGENESIS AB A continuum model is provided of the free energy terms that contribute to the molecular association of ricin A-chain (RTA) with the rRNA substrate and several small ligands. The model for RTA interactions with the RNA was taken from a previously proposed complex containing a 29-mer oligonucleotide hairpin (Olson, 1997. Proteins 27:80-95), and models for the ligands were constructed from x-ray crystallographic structures. The calculated absolute free energies of complex formation for the RTA-RNA assembly and several single-residue substitutions are in good agreement with experimental data, given the approximations of evaluating the strain energy and conformational entropy. The free energy terms were found to resemble those of protein-protein complexes, with the net unfavorable electrostatic contribution offset by the favorable nonspecific hydrophobic effect. Decomposition of the RTA-RNA binding free energy into individual contributions revealed the electrostatic "hot" spots arising from charge-charge complementarity of the interfacial arginines with the RNA phosphate backbone. Base interactions of the GAGA loop structure dominate the hydrophobic complementarity. A linear-scaling model was parametrized for evaluating the binding of small ligands against the rRNA substrate and illustrates the free energy determinant required for designing specific RTA inhibitors. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Mol Modeling Lab, Dept Cell Biol & Biochem, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Olson, MA (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Mol Modeling Lab, Dept Cell Biol & Biochem, 1425 Porter St, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. NR 51 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 76 IS 1 BP 28 EP 39 PN 1 PG 12 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 154CJ UT WOS:000077870700003 PM 9876120 ER PT B AU Talley, JW Goldstein, KJ Schaar, RG Hatzinger, PB Chaki, S Senick, M AF Talley, JW Goldstein, KJ Schaar, RG Hatzinger, PB Chaki, S Senick, M BE Alleman, BC Leeson, A TI Bioremediating PAHs and TPH at the Watervliet Arsenal SO BIOREACTOR AND EX SITU BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium CY APR 19-22, 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Battelle Mem Inst, Gas Res Inst, IT Grp Inc, Celtic Technol, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, U S Microb Inc, U S Naval Fac Engn Command, Waste Management Inc AB Bench-scale laboratory treatability studies on contaminated soils were initiated to (1) provide evidence of biodegradation of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and (2) assess the potential for PAH degradation under either aerobic and/or anaerobic conditions with and without the addition of nitrate as an electron acceptor. The studies consisted of a 9-week microcosm experiment using C-14-phenanthrene, a 9-month aerobic soil column study, and a series of toxicity bioassay analyses. Bacterial isolation, bioslurry, and pan studies are currently underway. PAH-mineralizing bacteria were found to be present and active, resulting in a PAH reduction of 40-58% over the 9-month study, depending on the specific treatment. TPH biodegradation exceeded 73% in every treatment. Controls suggested that mass transfer limitations (oxygen and nutrients) could be controlling both TPH and PAH degradation. Toxicity was reduced after biotreatment in every case. Overall, the data from this work suggest that landfarming (to increase oxygen transfer) with addition of inorganic nutrients may be an appropriate treatment option at this site. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Talley, JW (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 USA BN 1-57477-078-0 PY 1999 BP 87 EP 95 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BN63B UT WOS:000082416400015 ER PT B AU Adrian, NR Lowder, A AF Adrian, NR Lowder, A BE Alleman, BC Leeson, A TI Biodegradation of RDX and HMX by a methanogenic enrichment culture SO BIOREMEDIATION OF NITROAROMATIC AND HALOAROMATIC COMPOUNDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium CY APR 19-22, 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Battelle Mem Inst, Gas Res Inst, IT Grp Inc, Celtic Technol, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, U S Microb Inc, U S Naval Fac Engn Command, Waste Management Inc ID CONTAMINATED SOILS; HEXAHYDRO-1,3,5-TRINITRO-1,3,5-TRIAZINE; DEGRADATION; EXPLOSIVES AB The biotransformation of RDX and HMX by a methanogenic enrichment culture was studied. The enrichment culture only degraded RDX when ethanol was included as an electron donor. Methane production, however, was only observed after RDX had been depleted. The addition of BESA inhibited methane production, but not ethanol fermentation nor RDX degradation. The addition of H-2 gas supported RDX degradation. HMX was also degraded, but the degradation rate (0.12 mu M day(-1)) was nearly 10-fold less than observed for RDX (1.6 mu M day(-1)). HMX degradation slowed when ethanol was depleted, but resumed after reamending the bottles with ethanol. The total number of anaerobes in the enrichment culture ranged from 1.5 x 10(5) to 1.6 x 10(6) ml(-1). Ethanol-fermenting syntrophs ranged from 1.5 x 10(4) to 1.6 x 105 ml(-1); H-2-utilizing methanogens ranged from 7.0 x 10(1) to 7.6 x 10(2) ml(-1); acetoclastic methanogens were <1.0 x 10(1) ml(-1); and H-2-utilizing acetogens ranged from 3.8 x 10(3) to 4.2 x 10(4) ml(-1). These findings indicate ethanol may serve as a source of H-2 for the RDX and HMX degrading bacteria. The presence of acetogens and a lack of CH4, production during ethanol degradation may indicate their involvement in the biodegradation of nitramine explosives. C1 USA, Construct Engn Res Lab, Champaign, IL 61824 USA. RP Adrian, NR (reprint author), USA, Construct Engn Res Lab, Champaign, IL 61824 USA. NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 USA BN 1-57477-080-2 PY 1999 BP 1 EP 6 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BN63D UT WOS:000082417000001 ER PT B AU Spain, JC Nishino, SF Greene, MR Forbort, JE Nogalski, NA Unterman, R Riznychok, WM Thompson, SE Sleeper, PM Boxwell, MA AF Spain, JC Nishino, SF Greene, MR Forbort, JE Nogalski, NA Unterman, R Riznychok, WM Thompson, SE Sleeper, PM Boxwell, MA BE Alleman, BC Leeson, A TI Field demonstration of FBR for treatment of nitrotoluenes in groundwater SO BIOREMEDIATION OF NITROAROMATIC AND HALOAROMATIC COMPOUNDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium CY APR 19-22, 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Battelle Mem Inst, Gas Res Inst, IT Grp Inc, Celtic Technol, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, U S Microb Inc, U S Naval Fac Engn Command, Waste Management Inc ID SP STRAIN DNT; PSEUDOMONAS-SP; 2,4-DINITROTOLUENE; BIODEGRADATION; DEGRADATION; BIOREACTOR AB A pilot-scale field demonstration was conducted to collect reliable cost and performance data for an aerobic, biological fluidized bed reactor (FBR) system that treats groundwater contaminated with nitrotoluenes. This project is an extension of a previous bench-scale FBR study on the simultaneous degradation of 2,4- and 2,6-dinitrotoluene. The FBR was inoculated with a mixed culture of bacteria that had been acclimated to a mixture of mono- and dinitrotoluenes. The contaminated groundwater was drawn from wells at the Volunteer Army Ammunition Plant (VAAP) in Chattanooga, TN. The nitrotoluene (NT) contaminants identified in the groundwater and their typical concentrations were: 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (2,4,6-TNT) at 1.1 mg/L, 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT) at 9.2 mg/L, 2,6-dinitrotoluene (2,6-DNT) at 8.6 mg/L, 2-nitrotoluene (2-NT) at 2.9 mg/L, 3-nitrotoluene (3-NT) at 0.4 mg/L, and 4-nitrotoluene (4-NT) at 3.0 mg/L. A range of loading rates and a variety of operating conditions were used to evaluate the FBR performance. The COD and NT loading rates, based on the volume of the fluidized bed, ranged from 0.6-11 kg COD/m(3)/d and 0.45-4.5 kg NT/m(3)/d. The best FBR performance was measured at the lower loading rates; a 96% reduction in NT and 93% reduction in COD were found at a loading rate of 1.0 kg NT/m(3)/d (2.2 kg COD/m(3)/d). The effluent at this loading rate contained an average of 0.5 mg 2,4,6-TNT and 0.8 mg 2,6-DNT per liter. The other NT compounds were below detection levels (0.05 mg/L). At the highest steady loading rate, 3.5 kg NT/m(3)/d (7.6 kg COD/m(3)/d), a 62% reduction in NT and 49% reduction in COD were measured. The effluent at this loading contained an average of 0.8 mg/L 2,4,6-TNT, 7.0 mg/L 2,6-DNT and 1.3 mg/L 2,4-DNT. The mononitrotoluenes were still below detection levels at the highest loading rate. Therefore, this FBR process can effectively remove mono- and dinitrotoluenes from contaminated groundwater, and at appropriate loading rates the FBR process is cost-effective compared to alternative technologies. C1 USA, Armstrong Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL USA. RP Spain, JC (reprint author), USA, Armstrong Lab, Tyndall AFB, FL USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 USA BN 1-57477-080-2 PY 1999 BP 7 EP 14 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BN63D UT WOS:000082417000002 ER PT B AU Shaw, TC Herwig, RP Wakeman, JS AF Shaw, TC Herwig, RP Wakeman, JS BE Leeson, A Alleman, BC TI Microbial degradation of intertidal creosote - Wyckoff/Eagle Harbor superfund site SO BIOREMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON COMPOUNDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium CY APR 19-22, 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Battelle Mem Inst, Gas Res Inst, IT Grp Inc, Celtic Technol, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, U S Microb Inc, U S Naval Fac Engn Command, Waste Management Inc AB This study focused on the microbial component of natural recovery at a former wood treatment facility located on Puget Sound in Washington State. Sediment PAH concentrations used in the study ranged between 182-170,000 mu g/kg dry weight for low molecular weight PAHs and between 686-24,347 mu g/kg dry weight for high molecular weight PAHs. In-situ measures of Eh, NO3-1 and SO4-1 indicated that electron accepters were not limiting microbial degradation. Mineralization studies by the University of Washington demonstrated the presence of an active PAM-degrading consortium in intertidal sediments. Under aerobic conditions, 40-60% of radio-labeled phenanthrene and pyrene were mineralized to (CO2)-C-14 within 6 days. Samples incubated under anaerobic conditions did not significantly degrade over the course of the 35 day experiment. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Seattle, WA USA. RP Shaw, TC (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Seattle, WA USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 USA BN 1-57477-081-0 PY 1999 BP 315 EP 319 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BN63E UT WOS:000082417200052 ER PT S AU Chen, HC Lim, A Warsi, NA AF Chen, HC Lim, A Warsi, NA BE Chen, CS Brebbia, CA Pepper, DW TI An efficient multilevel master-slave model for distributed parallel computation SO BOUNDARY ELEMENT TECHNOLOGY XIII: INCORPORATING COMPUTATIONAL METHODS AND TESTING FOR ENGINEERING INTEGRITY SE BOUNDARY ELEMENTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Boundary Element Technology / 2nd Seminar on Computational Methods and Testing for Engineering Integrity CY JUN, 1999 CL UNIV NEVADA LAS VEGAS, LAS VEGAS, NV SP Int Soc Boundary Elements HO UNIV NEVADA LAS VEGAS AB The master-slave (MS) parallel computing model is one of the most widely used model in a networked computing environment due to its ease of implementation. This model, however, suffers from the disadvantages of the sequential generation of slave processes and heavy communication overheads imposed on the master processor. To overcome this problem, we present in this paper an efficient multilevel master-slave (MMS) scheme which is especially useful for solving decomposable large-scale problems such as structure mechanics or dynamics problems with rotational symmetry, on networked workstations. Our MMS model implements the MS model at multiple levels and generates processes using a special class of tree structures, allowing parallel creation of slave processes. It also improves performance in the distribution of initial data and merging of computed results to and from slave processes. We shall describe the generation of processes using different MMS structures to generate a prescribed number of processes and to broadcast global data to all processes. We then present the implementation of the optimal MMS model via PVM on a networked computer system consisting of workstations for a plate-bending problem that is discretized using the finite strip method The performance of our numerical experiments employing this MMS model is reported to demonstrate its efficiency. This scheme can be applied equally well to other types of problems that can be decomposed using the Fourier decomposition or circular decomposition, no matter whether the physical problem is discretized by the boundary element method or finite element method. C1 Clark Atlanta Univ, USA, Ctr Res Informat Sci, Atlanta, GA 30314 USA. RP Chen, HC (reprint author), Clark Atlanta Univ, USA, Ctr Res Informat Sci, 223 James P Brawley Dr SW, Atlanta, GA 30314 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WIT PRESS PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON SO40 7AA, ASHURST, ENGLAND SN 1462-6047 BN 1-85312-688-8 J9 BOUNDR ELEMENT PY 1999 VL 2 BP 439 EP 448 PG 10 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Applied; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA BN85B UT WOS:000083192900042 ER PT J AU Cionco, RM Kampe, WA Biltoft, C Byers, JH Collins, CG Higgs, TJ Hin, ART Johansson, PE Jones, CD Jorgensen, HE Kimber, JF Mikkelsen, T Nyren, K Ride, DJ Robson, R Santabarbara, JM Streicher, J Thykier-Nielsen, S van Raden, H Weber, H AF Cionco, RM Kampe, WA Biltoft, C Byers, JH Collins, CG Higgs, TJ Hin, ART Johansson, PE Jones, CD Jorgensen, HE Kimber, JF Mikkelsen, T Nyren, K Ride, DJ Robson, R Santabarbara, JM Streicher, J Thykier-Nielsen, S van Raden, H Weber, H TI An overview of MADONA: A multinational field study of high-resolution meteorology and diffusion over complex terrain SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB The multination, high-resolution field study of Meteorology And Diffusion Over Non-Uniform Areas (MADONA) was conducted by scientists from the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, Denmark, Sweden, and the Netherlands at Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, United Kingdom, during September and October 1992. The host of the field study was the Chemical and Biological Defence Establishment (CBDE, now part of Defence Evaluation and Research Agency) at Porton Down. MADONA was designed and conducted for high-resolution meteorological data collection and diffusion experiments using smoke, sulphurhexaflouride (SF6), and propylene gas during unstable, neutral, and stable atmospheric conditions in an effort to obtain terrain-influenced meteorological fields, dispersion, and concentration fluctuation measurements using specialized sensors and tracer generators. Thirty-one days of meteorological data were collected during the period 7 September-7 October and 27 diffusion experiments were conducted from 14 to 23 September 1992. Puffs and plumes of smoke and SF6 were released simultaneously for most of the experiments to gauge the resultant diffusion and concentration behavior. Some 44 meteorological and aerosol sensors and four source generators were used during each day of the field study. This array of sensors included 14 towers of wind cups and vanes, 10 sonic anemometer/thermometers, one boundary layer sonde, two lidar, one ion sensor, the CEDE Weather Station, and several one-of-a-kind sensors. Simulations of airflow and diffusion over the MADONA topography (a 9 km by 7.5 km area) were made with a variety of models. Wind fields and wind-related parameters were simulated with several high-resolution (microalpha scale) wind flow models. A tally of the various data-gathering activities indicates that the execution of MADONA was highly successful. Preliminary use of the datasets shows the high quality and depth of the MADONA database. This well-documented database is suitable for the evaluation and validation of short-range/near-field wind and diffusion models/codes. The database was originally placed on CD-ROM in a structured way by CEDE, Porton Down. The database is now available from the Riso National Laboratory, Denmark. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Riso Natl Lab, Wind Energy & Atmospher Phys Dept, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. Meteorol Off, Larkhill, Wilts, England. German Aerosp Res Estab, D-8031 Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. German Mil Geophys Off, Mt Royal, Traben Trarbach, Germany. USA, Dugway, UT USA. CBD Porton Down, Def Evaluat & Res Agcy, Salisbury, Wilts, England. TNO, Prins Maurits Lab, NL-2280 AA Rijswijk, Netherlands. Def Res Estab, Div NBC Def, Umea, Sweden. RP Cionco, RM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Mikkelsen, Torben/E-7997-2010; Jorgensen, Hans Ejsing/C-5223-2011; Mikkelsen, Torben/N-3123-2013 OI Mikkelsen, Torben/0000-0002-5428-856X NR 13 TC 17 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 80 IS 1 BP 5 EP 19 DI 10.1175/1520-0477(1999)080<0005:AOOMAM>2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 160KR UT WOS:000078230100001 ER PT J AU Wongsrichanalai, C Wimonwattrawatee, T Sookto, P Laoboonchai, A Heppner, DG Kyle, DE Wernsdorfer, WH AF Wongsrichanalai, C Wimonwattrawatee, T Sookto, P Laoboonchai, A Heppner, DG Kyle, DE Wernsdorfer, WH TI In vitro sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum to artesunate in Thailand SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article ID ARTEMISININ DERIVATIVES; ANTIMALARIAL-DRUGS; RESISTANCE; MALARIA AB Reported are the in vitro susceptibilities of Plasmodium falciparum to artesunate, mefloquine, quinine and chloroquine of 86 isolates and to dihydroartemisinin of 45 isolates collected from areas of high resistance to mefloquine within Thailand near the borders with Myanmar and Cambodia, and from southern Thailand where P, falciparum is generally still sensitive to mefloquine. All the isolates were highly sensitive to artesunate, but the geometric mean IC(50)s were higher in isolates from the Thai-Myanmar and Thai-Cambodian borders than in those from southern Thailand, The IC(50)s for mefloquine and artesunate were strongly correlated (Pearson r = 0.605; n = 86; P< 0.0001). As expected, the in vitro sensitivities to dihydroartemisinin and artesunate were similar and strongly correlated (at IC50, Pearson r = 0.695; n = 45; P< 0.00002). The correlation between the activity of mefloquine and artesunate requires further investigation in order to determine the potential for development of cross-resistance in nature. Our results suggest that combination with mefloquine is not the ideal way of protecting the usefulness of artemisinin and its derivatives. A search for more suitable partner drugs to these compounds and careful regulation of their use are necessary in the interest of ensuring their long therapeutic life span. C1 Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Univ Vienna, Inst Specif Prophylaxis & Trop Med, Vienna, Austria. RP Wongsrichanalai, C (reprint author), Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, 315-6 Rajvithi Rd, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. NR 10 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA DISTRIBUTION AND SALES, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PY 1999 VL 77 IS 5 BP 392 EP 398 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 200TN UT WOS:000080556300007 PM 10361756 ER PT J AU Worsham, PL Sowers, MR AF Worsham, PL Sowers, MR TI Isolation of an asporogenic (spoOA) protective antigen-producing strain of Bacillus anthracis SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bacillus anthracis; protective antigen; spoOA; vaccine; Congo red ID SUBTILIS; PLASMID; RECOMBINANT; VACCINE; THURINGIENSIS; PURIFICATION; SPORULATION; EXPRESSION; MUTATIONS; INFECTION AB We found that Congo red agar allows identification of sporulation-deficient Bacillus anthracis. Using Congo red agar, we isolated an asporogenic derivative of the protective antigen-producing strain B. anthracis Delta Sterne-1(pPA102). Polymerase chain reaction and Southern hybridization analyses of DNA from the asporogenic mutant revealed that a deletion was present in spoOA, an essential gene for the initiation of sporulation. The deletion also encompassed the spoIVB homologue and a portion of the recN homologue. The avirulent spoOA strain Delta Sterne-1(pPA102)CR4 is suitable for the safe production of protective antigen without endospore contamination of the vaccine production facility. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Bacteriol Div, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Worsham, PL (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Bacteriol Div, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. NR 41 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4166 J9 CAN J MICROBIOL JI Can. J. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 45 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology GA 194UM UT WOS:000080212200001 PM 10349715 ER PT J AU Piscitelle, LJ Roberts, N Segars, R AF Piscitelle, LJ Roberts, N Segars, R TI Analysis and comparison of two mathematical models using effluent vapor breakthrough data from carbon filter beds (vol 36, pg 99, 1998) SO CARBON LA English DT Correction C1 USA, Adv Syst Concepts Directorate, SSCOM, Natick Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Natick, MA 01765 USA. RP Piscitelle, LJ (reprint author), USA, Adv Syst Concepts Directorate, SSCOM, Natick Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Kansas ST, Natick, MA 01765 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PY 1999 VL 37 IS 2 BP 349 EP 349 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 169EG UT WOS:000078734100023 ER PT J AU Berman, J Dietze, R AF Berman, J Dietze, R TI Treatment of visceral leishmaniasis with Amphotericin B Colloidal Dispersion SO CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article DE Amphocil (TM); kala-azar; leishmaniasis; treatment ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; AZAR DERMAL LEISHMANIASIS; KALA-AZAR; CHOLESTEROL DISPERSION; SODIUM STIBOGLUCONATE; STEROL BIOSYNTHESIS; DRUG; KETOCONAZOLE; INFECTION; AMPHOCIL AB Amphotericin B is an effective antileishmanial agent whose use is limited by drug toxicity. The development of less toxic, lipid encapsulated formulations of amphotericin B as antimycotic agents has made these formulations available for testing against visceral leishmaniasis, a disease ideally suited for 'liposomal' therapy since the parasites are only found within reticuloendothelial macrophages. In phase II experiments of Amphotericin B Colloidal Dispersion (ABCD) for Brazilian kala-azar, 10 of 10 patients were cured with 2 mg/kg/day for 10 days; 9 of 9 patients were cured with 2 mg/kg/day for 7 days; 9 of 10 patients were cured with 2 mg/ kg/day for 5 days. The ability to cure 90% of kala-azar patients with a regimen of merely 5 days is remarkable considering that 20-40 clays of treatment with pentavalent antimonials and a 28-40 day course of (every-other-day) amphotericin B desoxycholate therapy are otherwise needed. Although ABCD did frequently cause a syndrome of fever and respiratory distress during infusion for children less than 6 years of age, the virtual absence of kidney toxicity was striking. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Fed Univ Espirito Santo, Victoria, Brazil. RP Berman, J (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0009-3157 J9 CHEMOTHERAPY JI Chemotherapy PY 1999 VL 45 SU 1 BP 54 EP 66 DI 10.1159/000048471 PG 13 WC Oncology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Oncology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 218GA UT WOS:000081543800007 PM 10394022 ER PT J AU Lindsley, G Dowse, HB Burgoon, PW Kolka, A Stephenson, LA AF Lindsley, G Dowse, HB Burgoon, PW Kolka, A Stephenson, LA TI A persistent circhoral ultradian rhythm is identified in human core temperature SO CHRONOBIOLOGY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE biological rhythms; chronobiology; circadian rhythms; sleep; thermoregulation ID RECTAL TEMPERATURE; SLEEP; OSCILLATIONS AB There have been inconclusive reports of intermittent rhythmic fructuations in human core temperature, with the fluctuations having a period of about an hour. However, there has been no definitive demonstration of the phenomenon. This is likely due to the intermittency and seeming instability of the events. They have been assumed to be secondary rather than autonomous phenomena, putatively arising from the oscillation between rapid eye movement (REM) and non-REM (NREM) sleep. In this study, we report identification of a clear, persistent circhoral ultradian rhythm in core temperature with a period for this study sample of 64 +/- 8 minutes. It appeared simultaneously with an intact circadian core temperature rhythm, persisted despite complex perturbations in core temperature brought about by the sequelae of 40h of sleep deprivation, and could not be attributed to sleep stage alternation or other endogenous or exogenous factors. Analysis of power spectra using the maximum entropy spectral analysis (MESA) method, which can uncover hidden rhythmicities, demonstrated that the apparent intermittency of the rhythm is due to periodic interference of this rhythm by other rhythmic events. The persistence of this oscillation suggests that, in this system as in the endocrine system, circhoral regulation is an integral component of thermoregulatory control. Identifying the source and functional role of this never rhythm warrants further work. C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Univ Maine, Dept Biol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Univ Maine, Dept Math, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Lindsley, G (reprint author), 7 White Pine Lane, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. NR 21 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0742-0528 J9 CHRONOBIOL INT JI Chronobiol. Int. PY 1999 VL 16 IS 1 BP 69 EP 78 DI 10.3109/07420529908998713 PG 10 WC Biology; Physiology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Physiology GA 164MH UT WOS:000078467800006 PM 10023577 ER PT J AU Berman, JD AF Berman, JD TI US Food and Drug Administration approval of AmBisome (liposomal amphotericin B) for treatment of visceral leishmaniasis - Editorial response SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Berman, JD (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 11 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 28 IS 1 BP 49 EP 51 DI 10.1086/515086 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 162RE UT WOS:000078359900010 PM 10391695 ER PT J AU Tesh, RB Watts, DM Russell, KL Damodaran, C Calampa, C Cabezas, C Ramirez, G Vasquez, B Hayes, CG Rossi, CA Powers, AM Hice, CL Chandler, LJ Cropp, BC Karabatsos, N Roehrig, JT Gubler, DJ AF Tesh, RB Watts, DM Russell, KL Damodaran, C Calampa, C Cabezas, C Ramirez, G Vasquez, B Hayes, CG Rossi, CA Powers, AM Hice, CL Chandler, LJ Cropp, BC Karabatsos, N Roehrig, JT Gubler, DJ TI Mayaro virus disease: An emerging mosquito-borne zoonosis in tropical South America SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; OUTBREAK; VACCINE; PERU AB This report describes the clinical, laboratory, and epidemiological findings on 27 cases of Mayaro virus (MV) disease, an emerging mosquito-borne viral illness that is endemic in rural areas of tropical South America. MV disease is a nonfatal, dengue-like illness characterized by fever, chills, headache, eye pain, generalized myalgia, arthralgia, diarrhea, vomiting, and rash of 3-5 days' duration. Severe joint pain is a prominent feature of this illness; the arthralgia sometimes persists for months and can be quite incapacitating. Cases of two visitors from the United States, who developed MV disease during visits to eastern Peru, are reported. MV disease and dengue are difficult to differentiate clinically. C1 Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Pathol, Ctr Trop Dis, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Ft Collins, CO USA. Parma Community Gen Hosp, Parma, OH USA. USN, Med Res Inst, Bethesda, MD USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Frederick, MD USA. Hosp Naval, Inst Nacl Salud, Lima, Peru. USN, Med Res Inst Detachment, Lima, OH USA. Minist Salud, Iquitos, Peru. RP Tesh, RB (reprint author), Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Pathol, Ctr Trop Dis, 301 Univ Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. OI Roehrig, John/0000-0001-7581-0479 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-39800, AI-10894] NR 35 TC 71 Z9 75 U1 3 U2 6 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 28 IS 1 BP 67 EP 73 DI 10.1086/515070 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 162RE UT WOS:000078359900014 PM 10028074 ER PT J AU Taylor, WRJ Richie, TL Fryauff, DJ Picarima, H Ohrt, C Tang, D Braitman, D Murphy, GS Widjaja, H Tjitra, E Ganjar, A Jones, TR Basri, H Berman, J AF Taylor, WRJ Richie, TL Fryauff, DJ Picarima, H Ohrt, C Tang, D Braitman, D Murphy, GS Widjaja, H Tjitra, E Ganjar, A Jones, TR Basri, H Berman, J TI Malaria prophylaxis using azithromycin: A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in Irian Jaya, Indonesia SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; CHLOROQUINE; DOXYCYCLINE; RESISTANCE; MEFLOQUINE; RATIO AB New drugs are needed for preventing drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria. The prophylactic efficacy of azithromycin against P. falciparum in malaria-immune Kenyans was 83%. We conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to determine the prophylactic efficacy of azithromycin against multidrug-resistant P, falciparum malaria and chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium vivax malaria in Indonesian adults with limited immunity. After radical cure therapy, 300 randomized subjects received azithromycin (148 subjects, 750-mg loading dose followed by 250 mg/d), placebo (77), or doxycycline (75, 100 mg/d), The end point was slide-proven parasitemia, There were 58 P, falciparum and 29 P, vivax prophylaxis failures over 20 weeks. Using incidence rates, the protective efficacy of azithromycin relative to placebo was 71.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 50.3-83.8) against P, falciparum malaria and 98.9% (95% CI, 93.1-99.9) against P, vivax malaria. Corresponding figures for doxycycline were 96.3% (95% CI, 85.4-99.6) and 98% (95% CI, 88.0-99.9), respectively. Daily azithromycin offered excellent protection against P. vivax malaria but modest protection against P, falciparum malaria. C1 USN, Med Res Unit 2, Jakarta, Indonesia. Tulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Trop Med, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Biometr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. USA, Med Mat Dev Act, Ft Detrick, MD USA. Natl Inst Hlth, Ctr Hlth Res & Dev, Jayapura, Irian Jaya, Indonesia. Dist Mil Hlth Serv, Jayapura, Irian Jaya, Indonesia. RP Taylor, WRJ (reprint author), 26 Pitchford Rd, Shrewsbury SY1 3HS, Salop, England. EM Bobbo1@compuserve.com RI Richie, Thomas/A-8028-2011 NR 33 TC 81 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 28 IS 1 BP 74 EP 81 DI 10.1086/515071 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 162RE UT WOS:000078359900015 PM 10028075 ER PT J AU Levey, CS Schraml, FV Abreu, SH Silverman, ED AF Levey, CS Schraml, FV Abreu, SH Silverman, ED TI False-positive result of a captopril-enhanced radionuclide renogram in a child secondary to dehydration SO CLINICAL NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE hypertension; renal scintigraphy; radionuclide; dehydration; enalaprilat AB Purpose: Renovascular hypertension is an unusual cause of elevated mean arterial pressure in children. When suspected, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor-enhanced renal scintigraphy is usually one of the initial studies done to evaluate patients. The accuracy of this test depends not only on patient selection but also on technical factors involved in performing the study. We report a case of a false-positive angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor-enhanced radionuclide renogram in a 5-year-old boy with hypertension, Methods: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor-enhanced renal scintigraphy was performed and the result was interpreted as positive for bilateral renovascular disease. A review of the anesthesia record from the study revealed that the patient was hypotensive. A repeated study with adequate hydration and blood pressure stability was then done. Results: The result of the second examination was interpreted as normal, without evidence of abnormal renovascular physiology, Conclusions: The cause of the initial false-positive result was determined to be dehydration with secondary hypotension. Dehydration, with secondary hypotension, can cause a diminished glomerular filtration rate and mimic bilateral renovascular physiology on angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor-enhanced renal scans. C1 Natl Naval Med Ctr, Div Nucl Med, Dept Radiol, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Radiol & Nucl Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Womack Army Med Ctr, Div Nucl Med, Dept Radiol, Ft Bragg, NC USA. RP Schraml, FV (reprint author), Natl Naval Med Ctr, Div Nucl Med, Dept Radiol, 8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0363-9762 J9 CLIN NUCL MED JI Clin. Nucl. Med. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 24 IS 1 BP 6 EP 8 DI 10.1097/00003072-199901000-00002 PG 3 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 153UK UT WOS:000077850900002 PM 9890485 ER PT J AU Ajayi, FO Brewer, T Greenfield, R Fleckenstein, L AF Ajayi, FO Brewer, T Greenfield, R Fleckenstein, L TI Absolute bioavailability of halofantrine-HCl: Effect of ranitidine and pentagastrin treatment SO CLINICAL RESEARCH AND REGULATORY AFFAIRS LA English DT Article ID FALCIPARUM-MALARIA; FOOD; PHARMACOKINETICS; WR-171,669 AB The first part of this study dealt with determination of the absolute oral bioavailability of halofantrine using six beagle dogs that were randomly assigned to two groups. The beagles in Group I had a single 5 mg/kg intravenous dose of halofantrine in the first period and a single 250 mg oral dose of halofantrine tablet in the second period with a washout period of six weeks. Those in Group II received the intravenous and oral doses in the opposite order. The effect of gastric pH on the absolute bioavailability was evaluated in the second part of the study. Six beagles received a single 5 mg/kg intravenous dose in the first period. They were randomly assigned to two groups six weeks after the intravenous dose. Those in Group I had 6 mu g/kg pentagastrin intravenously 30 minutes before a single 259 mg oral dose of halofantrine tablet in the second period. They received 2.5 mg/kg intramuscular doses of ranitidine 10 and 2 hours before a single 250 mg oral dose of halofantrine tablet in the third period. Those in Group II received the above treatments in opposite order. A six weeks washout period separated treatment periods two and three. Blood samples were obtained at specified times over 28 days following drug administration. Quantitation of halofantrine in plasma was by HPLC using fluorescence detection. The absolute oral bioavailability by AUC of halofantrine was low and highly variable with a mean (+/-SD) of 6.3 (4.7)% A value of 7.9 (5.2)%, not significantly different from control, was observed following inhibition of gastric acid secretion by ranitidine. However, statistically significant (p less than or equal to 0.05) increases in halofantrine bioavailability with a value of 16.1 (7.0)% was observed following stimulation of gastric acid secretion by pentagastrin. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Ajayi, FO (reprint author), US FDA, Off Clin Pharmacol & Biopharmaceut, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. OI Fleckenstein, Lawrence/0000-0001-5320-4531 NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1060-1333 J9 CLIN RES REGUL AFF JI Clin. Res. Regul. Affairs PY 1999 VL 16 IS 1-2 BP 13 EP 28 PG 16 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 199LU UT WOS:000080484200003 ER PT B AU Turk, GF Melby, JA AF Turk, GF Melby, JA BE Edge, BL TI Impact structural response of CORE-LOC (R) SO COASTAL ENGINEERING 1998, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Conference on Coastal Engineering CY JUN 22-26, 1998 CL COPENHAGEN, DENMARK AB In 1996, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Waterways Experiment Station, Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory in conjuction with Oregon State University and Concrete Technology Corporation, Tacoma WA, conducted the first structural response experiments of the new concrete armor unit, CORE-LOC(R). Large scale 32-kg and prototype 9.2-tonne core-lee units, were molded, cast, and fitted with surface-mounted strain gages. The units were subjected to repeated impact loads generated during drop tests. In addition to the CORE-LOC(R) drop test, similiar tests were conducted on 26-kg and 10.9-tonne dolosse. The structural response to these loads were recorded and analyzed. Measured maximum tensile stresses in CORE-LOC(R) were approximately half those in similiar size dolosse. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Turk, GF (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0411-9 PY 1999 BP 1846 EP 1856 PG 3 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BP25G UT WOS:000084505400138 ER PT B AU Melby, JA Kobayashi, N AF Melby, JA Kobayashi, N BE Edge, BL TI Damage progression on breakwaters SO COASTAL ENGINEERING 1998, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Conference on Coastal Engineering CY JUN 22-26, 1998 CL COPENHAGEN, DENMARK AB An experiment is described consisting of seven relatively long-duration breakwater damage test series. The test series were conducted in a flume using irregular waves. New damage measurement techniques were developed and damage development data were acquired for breaking wave conditions. Wave height, wave period, water depth, storm duration, storm sequencing, and stone gradation were all varied systematically. The experiment yielded relationships for both temporal and spatial damage development. The relations by Melby and Kobayashi (1998a,b) for predicting temporal variations of mean damage with wave height and period varying with time in steps are shown to describe damage reasonably well (within one standard deviation) for new test series, although damage initiation is consistently underpredicted by more than a standard deviation. The prediction is shown to improve significantly if the initial profile adjustment is accounted for in the test series with relatively small cumulative damage. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, CERC, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Melby, JA (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, CERC, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0411-9 PY 1999 BP 1884 EP 1897 PG 4 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BP25G UT WOS:000084505400141 ER PT B AU McNinch, JE Wells, JT Snyder, SW AF McNinch, JE Wells, JT Snyder, SW BE Kraus, NC McDougal, WG TI The long-term contribution of Pre-Holocene sands to transgressing barrier islands SO COASTAL SEDIMENTS '99, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Coastal Engineering and Science of Coastal Sediment Processes CY JUN 21-23, 1999 CL HAUPPAUGE, NY SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Coastal & Ocean Div, Amer Geophys Union, Geol Soc Amer, NJ Geol Survey, SUNY Stony Brook, Stevens Inst Technol, Port Author NY & NJ, USA Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Haudraul Lab, US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, US Minerals Management Serv ID INNER CONTINENTAL-SHELF; NORTH-CAROLINA; SHOREFACE; DYNAMICS; SYSTEM; BANKS; USA AB The volume of Pre-Holocene sand contributed to the sediment budget of transgressing barrier islands is a critical variable in long-term shoreline prediction models, Recent evidence from the cuspate foreland setting of North Carolina indicates that Pre-Holocene lithofacies outcrop well above closure depth across much of the shoreface. In addition, new findings from two of the cape-associated shoals, Lookout Shoal and Diamond Shoal, confirm that these features are principal sinks for sediment from the barrier island littoral system, These results are integrated into a steady-state model that estimates the long-term (past 4 ky) and large-scale sediment budget of the transgressing barrier islands and inner-shelf. Conservative estimates of the volume of sand captured within the cape-associated shoals and dispersed across the shelf imply that an additional supply of 'primary-source' sand was necessary to maintain the islands through migration while accounting for the shelf deposits, Model results also reveal that the volume of sand lost from the barriers is of the same order of magnitude as the estimated contribution of sand from Pre-Holocene substrates. This near balance in volume between a primary source and its sink suggests that the amount of san retained within these migrating islands is limited by the dominance of longshore transport and, ultimately, loss to the cape-associated shoals. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Field Res Facil, Kitty Hawk, NC 27949 USA. RP McNinch, JE (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Field Res Facil, 1261 Duck Rd, Kitty Hawk, NC 27949 USA. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0436-4 PY 1999 BP 786 EP 801 PG 4 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Geology; Oceanography SC Engineering; Geology; Oceanography GA BP25P UT WOS:000084507500056 ER PT B AU Rosati, JD Gravens, MB Smith, WG AF Rosati, JD Gravens, MB Smith, WG BE Kraus, NC McDougal, WG TI Regional sediment budget for Fire Island to Montauk Point, New York, USA SO COASTAL SEDIMENTS '99, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Coastal Engineering and Science of Coastal Sediment Processes CY JUN 21-23, 1999 CL HAUPPAUGE, NY SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Coastal & Ocean Div, Amer Geophys Union, Geol Soc Amer, NJ Geol Survey, SUNY Stony Brook, Stevens Inst Technol, Port Author NY & NJ, USA Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Haudraul Lab, US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, US Minerals Management Serv AB The 133-km barrier island chain extending east from Fire Island Inlet to Montauk Point, New York, provides an excellent setting for evaluating sand management practices which have had a significant impact on the local (order of 1-2 km) and regional(133-km) sediment budget. Through the development of a regional sediment budget representative of 1979 to 1995, sediment transport pathways and magnitudes are estimated. Evaluation of the sediment budget in context with sand management during this period highlights those practices that have been influential in the evolution of the barrier island and inlet system. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Rosati, JD (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal Hydraul Lab, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0436-4 PY 1999 BP 802 EP 817 PG 2 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Geology; Oceanography SC Engineering; Geology; Oceanography GA BP25P UT WOS:000084507500057 ER PT B AU Donohue, KA Dean, RG AF Donohue, KA Dean, RG BE Kraus, NC McDougal, WG TI Sand size and fill geometry effects on longshore transport at a nourished beach SO COASTAL SEDIMENTS '99, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Coastal Engineering and Science of Coastal Sediment Processes CY JUN 21-23, 1999 CL HAUPPAUGE, NY SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Coastal & Ocean Div, Amer Geophys Union, Geol Soc Amer, NJ Geol Survey, SUNY Stony Brook, Stevens Inst Technol, Port Author NY & NJ, USA Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Haudraul Lab, US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, US Minerals Management Serv AB A series of laboratory experiments was conducted in a 3 dimensional wave tank to determine the longshore sediment transport rate in the vicinity of a. nourished beach. The wave characteristics and native sand size were held constant while 2 initial fill sand placement geometry configurations and 3 different fill sand sizes were observed for 150 minutes of oblique, monochromatic wave attack. Three existing beachnourishment evolution theories which involve diffusive theory were used to analyze the experiments. The results revealed that, when the fill sand is initially placed high on the berm, larger sand sizes are somewhat less transportable. By placing the sand high on the berm the nourishment is less of a perturbation, thus reducing sediment transport. When the fill sand is initially placed farther into the surfzone, the fill sand and native sand mix. Thus; the results preclude definitive conclusions. The three methods of analysis produced a range of results. The methods varied initial boundary conditions and the inclusion or exclusion of refraction effects around the nourishment. The range of results indicate that beach nourishment evolution prediction techniques are sensitive to initial conditions, refraction effects and sand sand sizes. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, New York, NY 10278 USA. RP Donohue, KA (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, 26 Fed Pl, New York, NY 10278 USA. EM kerry.a.donohue@usace.army.mil; dean@coastal.ufl.edu NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0436-4 PY 1999 BP 938 EP 954 PG 5 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Geology; Oceanography SC Engineering; Geology; Oceanography GA BP25P UT WOS:000084507500067 ER PT B AU Miller, HC Smith, SJ Hamilton, DG Resio, DT AF Miller, HC Smith, SJ Hamilton, DG Resio, DT BE Kraus, NC McDougal, WG TI Cross-shore transport processes during onshore bar migration SO COASTAL SEDIMENTS '99, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Coastal Engineering and Science of Coastal Sediment Processes CY JUN 21-23, 1999 CL HAUPPAUGE, NY SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Coastal & Ocean Div, Amer Geophys Union, Geol Soc Amer, NJ Geol Survey, SUNY Stony Brook, Stevens Inst Technol, Port Author NY & NJ, USA Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Haudraul Lab, US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, US Minerals Management Serv ID SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; NEARSHORE; SENSORS; MODELS AB Substantial economic savings can be realized through nearshore placement of dredged material. To implement this economically beneficial practice, guidance is required concerning the behavior of submerged mounds and bars. Storm recovery and onshore migration of sand bars involve similar sand transport processes that must be understood in order to correctly predict onshore movement of these nearshore berm-type features. Many numerical models of nearshore profile change adequately model offshore sand transport and associated profile change, but generally lack the capability of predicting shoreward migration of bars and profile recovery. The problem, in part, is the small number of well documented cases of physical processes involved in shoreward bar migration. Following a storm in October 1997, extensive transport process measurements were made at the US Army Corps of Engineers Field Research Facility during a period of shoreward bar migration and reattachment of the bar to the beachface. Measured rates of nearshore profile change were compared to rates inferred from gradients in measured cross-shore transport. Direction of bar migration was also distinguished by wave asymmetry and undertow. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Field Res Facil, Kitty Hawk, NC 27949 USA. RP Miller, HC (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Field Res Facil, 1261 Duck Rd, Kitty Hawk, NC 27949 USA. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0436-4 PY 1999 BP 1065 EP 1080 PG 4 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Geology; Oceanography SC Engineering; Geology; Oceanography GA BP25P UT WOS:000084507500075 ER PT B AU Birkemeier, WA Nicholls, RJ Lee, GH AF Birkemeier, WA Nicholls, RJ Lee, GH BE Kraus, NC McDougal, WG TI Storms, storm groups and nearshore morphologic change SO COASTAL SEDIMENTS '99, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Coastal Engineering and Science of Coastal Sediment Processes CY JUN 21-23, 1999 CL HAUPPAUGE, NY SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Coastal & Ocean Div, Amer Geophys Union, Geol Soc Amer, NJ Geol Survey, SUNY Stony Brook, Stevens Inst Technol, Port Author NY & NJ, USA Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Haudraul Lab, US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, US Minerals Management Serv ID TIME-DEPENDENT BEACH; NORTH-CAROLINA; PROFILE; DUCK; VARIABILITY; USA AB A key question within coastal morphodynamics is the importance of wave chronology on morphological evolution. Model results suggest that chronology is important (e.g., Southgate, 1995), but field verification is difficult to find(Southgate and Capobianco, 1997). Here we examine the upper shoreface response at the Field Research Facility (FRF), Duck, North Carolina to storms and groups of storms. We extend the analysis of Lee et al. (1998) to include data from 1981 to 1998 and examine the importance and character of storm sequences in terms of duration, intensity, intervening time interval, and profile response. The upper shoreface changes correlate well with storm groups that are shown to occur frequently (every 22 month on average). The largest storm group with an integrated wave power of 7.5x10(10) joules was found to have a return period of about 20 years. However, using calculated return periods based on individual storms, an individual storm of this intensity has a return period of more than 1,000 years. Storm groups don't allow the profile time to recover and appear to have an additive impact producing changes typical of less frequent, longer duration and more intense storms. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Field Res Facil, Kitty Hawk, NC 27949 USA. RP Birkemeier, WA (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Field Res Facil, 1261 Duck Rd, Kitty Hawk, NC 27949 USA. NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0436-4 PY 1999 BP 1109 EP 1122 PG 4 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Geology; Oceanography SC Engineering; Geology; Oceanography GA BP25P UT WOS:000084507500078 ER PT B AU Grace, PJ Copps, T Dalessio, L AF Grace, PJ Copps, T Dalessio, L BE Kraus, NC McDougal, WG TI Probabilistic analysis of Fort Pierce Beach recession with hardbottom features SO COASTAL SEDIMENTS '99, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Coastal Engineering and Science of Coastal Sediment Processes CY JUN 21-23, 1999 CL HAUPPAUGE, NY SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Coastal & Ocean Div, Amer Geophys Union, Geol Soc Amer, NJ Geol Survey, SUNY Stony Brook, Stevens Inst Technol, Port Author NY & NJ, USA Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Haudraul Lab, US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, US Minerals Management Serv AB This paper documents efforts to model cross shore sediment transport processes at Fort Pierce Beach, a site characterized by the presence of widespread nearshore hardbottom features. Such features can significantly influence sediment transport in their vicinity; therefore, their influence should be considered when sediment transport models are applied to areas where hardbottoms exist. This modeling effort was undertaken to investigate the area's cross shore sediment transport dynamics in order to quantify its potential beach recession. The study was accomplished with an enhanced version of the Storm-induced BEAch CHange model (SBEACH), which was modified through inclusion of an algorithm designed to account for the presence of hardbottoms. Due to the lack field data, previous efforts to calibrate and verify the hardbottom algorithm were based largely on the results of moveable bed physical model studies. This paper provides an assessment of the algorithm's modeling performance when compared to recent field measurements of storm-induced changes to Fort Pierce beach profiles. A further objective of this study was the development of a beach recession versus frequency of occurrence relationship characteristic of the area. This was accomplished through integration of the cross shore sediment transport modeling results with a relatively new joint probability analysis methodology, the Empirical Simulation Technique (EST). C1 USA, Engineer Dist, Jacksonville, FL 32232 USA. RP Grace, PJ (reprint author), USA, Engineer Dist, POB 4970, Jacksonville, FL 32232 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0436-4 PY 1999 BP 1339 EP 1354 PG 4 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Geology; Oceanography SC Engineering; Geology; Oceanography GA BP25P UT WOS:000084507500096 ER PT B AU Cialone, MA Seabergh, WC Watson, KD AF Cialone, MA Seabergh, WC Watson, KD BE Kraus, NC McDougal, WG TI Flood shoal response to inlet modifications at Barnegat Inlet, New Jersey SO COASTAL SEDIMENTS '99, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Coastal Engineering and Science of Coastal Sediment Processes CY JUN 21-23, 1999 CL HAUPPAUGE, NY SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Coastal & Ocean Div, Amer Geophys Union, Geol Soc Amer, NJ Geol Survey, SUNY Stony Brook, Stevens Inst Technol, Port Author NY & NJ, USA Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Haudraul Lab, US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, US Minerals Management Serv AB This paper examines the response of the flood shoal at Barnegat Inlet, New Jersey to recent changes to the inlet system. A new impermeable, south jetty was completed in 1991 and dredging of a 90-m-wide, 3-m-deep, mean low water (mlw) navigation channel was complete in early 1992, Additional dredging associated with construction of the south jetty increased the minimum cross-sectional area by 40-45%. Yearly bathymetric surveys collected since 1992 show definitive change in the flood shoal configuration. Deflation of the two main lobes, an increase in the Southwest marginal area, and a general broadening of the shoal feature has been observed. The main navigation channel has migrated to the southwest and a small incised channel through the shoal has become more pronounced. The overall volume of the shoal has not changed significantly since project completion, whereas, historically the shoal feature had shown growth. Volume loss from the higher elevations is extensive, Sediment volume above the -1.0 m North American Vertical Datum 1988 (NAVD88) contour has been reduced by 70% and sediment volume above the -0.5 m NAVD88 contour has been reduced by 95%. The higher elevations have been planed off and sediment has shifted bayward, The tidal prism and inlet cross-sectional area have returned to values similar to the early history of the engineered project. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Cialone, MA (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0436-4 PY 1999 BP 1434 EP 1449 PG 4 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Geology; Oceanography SC Engineering; Geology; Oceanography GA BP25P UT WOS:000084507500102 ER PT B AU Hands, EB Shepsis, V AF Hands, EB Shepsis, V BE Kraus, NC McDougal, WG TI Cyclic channel movement at the entrance to Willapa Bay, Washington, USA SO COASTAL SEDIMENTS '99, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Coastal Engineering and Science of Coastal Sediment Processes CY JUN 21-23, 1999 CL HAUPPAUGE, NY SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Coastal & Ocean Div, Amer Geophys Union, Geol Soc Amer, NJ Geol Survey, SUNY Stony Brook, Stevens Inst Technol, Port Author NY & NJ, USA Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Haudraul Lab, US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, US Minerals Management Serv ID INLET AB Navigation in and out of Willapa Bay, Washington, is complicated by constantly changing alignments and positions of the main entrance channel. Massive sediment movement in the entrance correlates with El Ninos. Though inlet dynamics are not among the many phenomena already linked to Fl Ninos, this coupling, if valid for Willapa Bay, should apply to certain other inlets worldwide. Understanding how channels respond to an intensely studied, quasi-predictable phenomena will improve guidance for management of the affected inlets. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Hands, EB (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0436-4 PY 1999 BP 1522 EP 1536 PG 5 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Geology; Oceanography SC Engineering; Geology; Oceanography GA BP25P UT WOS:000084507500108 ER PT B AU Morang, A Rahoy, DS Grosskopf, WG AF Morang, A Rahoy, DS Grosskopf, WG BE Kraus, NC McDougal, WG TI Regional geologic characteristics along the south shore of Long Island, New York SO COASTAL SEDIMENTS '99, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Coastal Engineering and Science of Coastal Sediment Processes CY JUN 21-23, 1999 CL HAUPPAUGE, NY SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Coastal & Ocean Div, Amer Geophys Union, Geol Soc Amer, NJ Geol Survey, SUNY Stony Brook, Stevens Inst Technol, Port Author NY & NJ, USA Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Haudraul Lab, US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, US Minerals Management Serv AB The Atlantic Coast of New York Monitoring Project was initiated in 1995 to acquire and analyze geomorphic and physical process data from the south shore of Long Island, New York. To date, over 2,000 profiles have been collected from Coney Island to Montauk Point during eight sampling cycles. Overall, the geomorphology of the south shore beaches reflects the fact that wave energy increases toward the east end of Long Island. For example, sand bars are deeper, further offshore, and contain more sand in the east than in the west. Short-term depth of closure, based on 1995 and 1996 profiles, also becomes deeper to the east, varying from -5.0 m (NGVD 1929) at Rockaway to -7.6 m at Montauk. Sand dunes are higher and more voluminous to the east. Another finding is that the Long Island beaches have a seasonal cycle, with more sand on the beaches during fall and less in spring. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Morang, A (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0436-4 PY 1999 BP 1568 EP 1583 PG 4 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Geology; Oceanography SC Engineering; Geology; Oceanography GA BP25P UT WOS:000084507500111 ER PT B AU Gravens, MB AF Gravens, MB BE Kraus, NC McDougal, WG TI Periodic shoreline morphology, Fire Island, New York SO COASTAL SEDIMENTS '99, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Coastal Engineering and Science of Coastal Sediment Processes CY JUN 21-23, 1999 CL HAUPPAUGE, NY SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Coastal & Ocean Div, Amer Geophys Union, Geol Soc Amer, NJ Geol Survey, SUNY Stony Brook, Stevens Inst Technol, Port Author NY & NJ, USA Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Haudraul Lab, US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, US Minerals Management Serv AB The presence of shoreline undulations along the Atlantic coast of Fire Island, NY requires careful consideration in developing erosion control and hurricane protection plans and design alternatives for the protection of the Fire Island barrier and the Long Island mainland. An analysis and geometric characterization of these morphologic shoreline features revealed that the magnitude of the shoreline undulations approximates typical protective berm design widths and exceeds typical advance nourishment beach widths. Because shoreline undulations are natural morphologic features of the Fire Island shoreline their presence after project construction must be anticipated. Conclusions drawn from the analysis of the Fire Island shoreline undulations indicate that the design berm width could be compromised well before scheduled renourishment if explicit consideration of shoreline undulations is not included in the development of the design cross-section. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Gravens, MB (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0436-4 PY 1999 BP 1613 EP 1626 PG 4 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Geology; Oceanography SC Engineering; Geology; Oceanography GA BP25P UT WOS:000084507500114 ER PT B AU Moritz, HR Kraus, NC Hands, EB Slocum, DB AF Moritz, HR Kraus, NC Hands, EB Slocum, DB BE Kraus, NC McDougal, WG TI Correlating oceanographic processes with seabed change, mouth of the Columbia River, USA SO COASTAL SEDIMENTS '99, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Coastal Engineering and Science of Coastal Sediment Processes CY JUN 21-23, 1999 CL HAUPPAUGE, NY SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Coastal & Ocean Div, Amer Geophys Union, Geol Soc Amer, NJ Geol Survey, SUNY Stony Brook, Stevens Inst Technol, Port Author NY & NJ, USA Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Haudraul Lab, US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, US Minerals Management Serv AB This paper describes nearshore oceanographic monitoring activities conducted during 1997-1999 at the Mouth of the Columbia River (MCR). In-water data collection was performed concurrently at 3-4 locations, in a series of three deployments with duration ranging from 6 weeks to four months. Each monitoring location represented a distinct flow regime with respect to the MCR ebb-tidal delta. Deployment water depth ranged from 16-36 meters. Measured data included waves, tide, current profile through the entire water column, near bottom suspended sediment concentration, near bottom water temperature/conductivity, and seabed variation due to bedform activity. The MCR monitoring effort was sponsored by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for the purpose of improving techniques for predicting the fate of sediment subjected to wave and current action. This paper discusses the physical environment at MCR, the overall field data collection effort during 1997-1999, and investigates the observed response of bottom sediment (bedform activity) due to energetic processes of the MCR forcing environment. Results are reported in terms of the correlation between process and response data. Results based on the first deployment data set (August October 1997) indicate that bedform activity of sand-sized sediment at MCR is affected more by incident waves than by bottom currents. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Portland Dist, Portland, OR 97208 USA. RP Moritz, HR (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Portland Dist, POB 2946, Portland, OR 97208 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0436-4 PY 1999 BP 1643 EP 1659 PG 3 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Geology; Oceanography SC Engineering; Geology; Oceanography GA BP25P UT WOS:000084507500116 ER PT B AU Kraus, NC AF Kraus, NC BE Kraus, NC McDougal, WG TI Analytical model of spit evolution at inlets SO COASTAL SEDIMENTS '99, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Coastal Engineering and Science of Coastal Sediment Processes CY JUN 21-23, 1999 CL HAUPPAUGE, NY SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Coastal & Ocean Div, Amer Geophys Union, Geol Soc Amer, NJ Geol Survey, SUNY Stony Brook, Stevens Inst Technol, Port Author NY & NJ, USA Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Haudraul Lab, US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, US Minerals Management Serv ID SHORELINE AB The evolution of spits at inlets located on alluvial shores is examined from the perspective of process-based modeling. Hydrodynamic and morphologic processes controlling spit evolution are first identified and classified according to major spit parameter and time scale. An analytical model of spit evolution is then presented that describes cause and effect between selected spit parameters and the acting processes, focusing on spit elongation and its rate of change. Predictions and trends from the model are examined by reference to measurements of spit growth in Corpus Christi Bay, Texas, and to spits generated in a movable-bed physical model. It is concluded that considerable progress can be made in quantifying spit dynamics at inlets. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Kraus, NC (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0436-4 PY 1999 BP 1739 EP 1754 PG 4 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Geology; Oceanography SC Engineering; Geology; Oceanography GA BP25P UT WOS:000084507500122 ER PT B AU Mohr, MC Pope, J McClung, JK AF Mohr, MC Pope, J McClung, JK BE Kraus, NC McDougal, WG TI Coastal response to a detached breakwater system; Presque Isle, Erie, PA, USA SO COASTAL SEDIMENTS '99, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Coastal Engineering and Science of Coastal Sediment Processes CY JUN 21-23, 1999 CL HAUPPAUGE, NY SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Coastal & Ocean Div, Amer Geophys Union, Geol Soc Amer, NJ Geol Survey, SUNY Stony Brook, Stevens Inst Technol, Port Author NY & NJ, USA Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Haudraul Lab, US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, US Minerals Management Serv AB The authorized Presque Isle Shoreline Erosion Control Project in Lake Erie at Erie, PA was constructed October 1989-November 1992 and consisted of a 58 segment detached breakwater system with beachfill. During construction, GENESIS modeling was used to evaluate deferring construction of the first three breakwaters. The GENESIS predicted shoreline response is compared to the actual response. Aerial photography and high-density lidar survey data (via SHOALS) were used to evaluate post-construction interactions between the nearshore, shoreline, and the breakwaters. The nearshore morphology throughout the project is highly variable and complex and a strong influence on the resultant shore response to the breakwaters. C1 USA Corps Engineers, Buffalo, NY 14207 USA. RP Mohr, MC (reprint author), USA Corps Engineers, 1776 Niagara St, Buffalo, NY 14207 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0436-4 PY 1999 BP 2010 EP 2025 PG 2 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Geology; Oceanography SC Engineering; Geology; Oceanography GA BP25P UT WOS:000084507500141 ER PT B AU Bocamazo, LM Grosskopf, WG AF Bocamazo, LM Grosskopf, WG BE Kraus, NC McDougal, WG TI Beach response to groins, Westhampton, New York SO COASTAL SEDIMENTS '99, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Coastal Engineering and Science of Coastal Sediment Processes CY JUN 21-23, 1999 CL HAUPPAUGE, NY SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Coastal & Ocean Div, Amer Geophys Union, Geol Soc Amer, NJ Geol Survey, SUNY Stony Brook, Stevens Inst Technol, Port Author NY & NJ, USA Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Haudraul Lab, US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, US Minerals Management Serv AB The Westhampton, New York, groin field consists of 16 large rubble structures along approximately 2.5 nautical miles of shoreline. The downdrift beach area extends another 1.9 nautical miles from the westernmost groin to Moriches Met. Data collection programs have been conducted since 1933 that provide a quantitative basis for assessing the long-term effect of groin construction in this area. Following the latest project modification in 1997, which consisted of constructing a tapered transition to a substantial downdrift beach fill project, a detailed monitoring program was initiated. The long-term data are analyzed with the first two recent semiannual surveys, providing insight into the long-term and short-term temporal and spatial variability in shoreline response to the groins. C1 USA Corps Engineers, New York, NY 10278 USA. RP Bocamazo, LM (reprint author), USA Corps Engineers, New York District,26 Federal Pl, New York, NY 10278 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0436-4 PY 1999 BP 2073 EP 2089 PG 5 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Geology; Oceanography SC Engineering; Geology; Oceanography GA BP25P UT WOS:000084507500145 ER PT B AU Smith, SJ Kraus, NC AF Smith, SJ Kraus, NC BE Kraus, NC McDougal, WG TI Mitigation of a beach-fill hot spot, Monmouth Beach, New Jersey SO COASTAL SEDIMENTS '99, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Coastal Engineering and Science of Coastal Sediment Processes CY JUN 21-23, 1999 CL HAUPPAUGE, NY SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Coastal & Ocean Div, Amer Geophys Union, Geol Soc Amer, NJ Geol Survey, SUNY Stony Brook, Stevens Inst Technol, Port Author NY & NJ, USA Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Haudraul Lab, US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, US Minerals Management Serv AB Design of major beach fills requires understanding of both local and regional sediment-transport processes. An 82-km-long beach fill on the northern New Jersey coast is influenced by a regional gradient in longshore sand transport and has a 0.8-km-long "hot spot" of accelerated erosion at Monmouth Beach, New Jersey. This study identified the physical processes contributing to the hot spot and developed a shore-protection measure that would best maintain a 23-m wide protective berm at the hot spot over the 6-year renourishment interval, while mitigating erosion of the down-drift beach. Empirical analysis of an adjacent groin field guided the development of design alternatives, and a methodology defining the frequency of design objective violations was incorporated into the analysis and recommendations, including variability of the wave climate. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Smith, SJ (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0436-4 PY 1999 BP 2102 EP 2117 PG 2 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Geology; Oceanography SC Engineering; Geology; Oceanography GA BP25P UT WOS:000084507500147 ER PT B AU Pope, J O'Donnell, TH Macko, SA Rosen, D AF Pope, J O'Donnell, TH Macko, SA Rosen, D BE Kraus, NC McDougal, WG TI Use of stable isotopes for tracking an aragonite beach fill SO COASTAL SEDIMENTS '99, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Coastal Engineering and Science of Coastal Sediment Processes CY JUN 21-23, 1999 CL HAUPPAUGE, NY SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Coastal & Ocean Div, Amer Geophys Union, Geol Soc Amer, NJ Geol Survey, SUNY Stony Brook, Stevens Inst Technol, Port Author NY & NJ, USA Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Haudraul Lab, US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, US Minerals Management Serv AB An imported oolitic aragonite sand is proposed as beach fill for Dade County, FL (i.e., Miami Beach), to test the feasibility of aragonite sands as a substitute for locally dwindling resources of carbonate/silica sands, The purpose of the test fill, in addition to nourishing an eroded portion of the beach, is to evaluate the physical and environmental performance of aragonite sand thru an extended monitoring program. A reliable and cost-efficient means for tracking the distribution of the aragonite material relative to the background sands is needed. Laboratory investigations of the oxygen (O-18/O-16) and carbon (C-13/C-12) Stable isotope character for the proposed aragonite versus the pre-test beach carbonate sands demonstrates the viability of this methodology for determining the abundance and distribution of the two target sand populations. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Pope, J (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0436-4 PY 1999 BP 2137 EP 2152 PG 4 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Geology; Oceanography SC Engineering; Geology; Oceanography GA BP25P UT WOS:000084507500149 ER PT B AU Seabergh, WC AF Seabergh, WC BE Kraus, NC McDougal, WG TI Inner-bank erosion at jetty-shoreline intersection SO COASTAL SEDIMENTS '99, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Coastal Engineering and Science of Coastal Sediment Processes CY JUN 21-23, 1999 CL HAUPPAUGE, NY SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Coastal & Ocean Div, Amer Geophys Union, Geol Soc Amer, NJ Geol Survey, SUNY Stony Brook, Stevens Inst Technol, Port Author NY & NJ, USA Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Haudraul Lab, US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, US Minerals Management Serv AB Many entrance channels are stabilized with jetties. At projects where the inland end of the jetty terminates along a sandy beach, erosion can form embayments, which over time could result in flanking of the jetty. As the erosion region enlarges, breakthrough occurrence can be accelerated if the ocean beach is receding. This could result in property loss, navigation channel migration and extensive repair costs. As part of the Coastal Inlets Research Program (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers) shoreline-erosion mechanics occurring at the shoreward end of jetties was investigated with a laboratory model of an idealized inlet. The primary manner in which this erosion developed was identified with parametric studies involving waves, steady-state currents, steady-state currents with waves, and tidal currents with waves. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Seabergh, WC (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0436-4 PY 1999 BP 2235 EP 2248 PG 4 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Geology; Oceanography SC Engineering; Geology; Oceanography GA BP25P UT WOS:000084507500156 ER PT B AU Parson, LE Lillycrop, WJ McClung, JK AF Parson, LE Lillycrop, WJ McClung, JK BE Kraus, NC McDougal, WG TI Regional sediment management using high density lidar data SO COASTAL SEDIMENTS '99, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Coastal Engineering and Science of Coastal Sediment Processes CY JUN 21-23, 1999 CL HAUPPAUGE, NY SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Coastal & Ocean Div, Amer Geophys Union, Geol Soc Amer, NJ Geol Survey, SUNY Stony Brook, Stevens Inst Technol, Port Author NY & NJ, USA Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Haudraul Lab, US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, US Minerals Management Serv ID SYSTEM AB Assessing the performance of coastal projects requires determining how all the elements interact to define the behavior of the entire system. Recent technologies such as airborne lidar provides the ability to collect coastal survey data on a regional level, demonstrating a systems approach to sediment management in the coastal region. Since becoming available, airborne lidar (SHOALS) has performed numerous coastal surveys which demonstrates the concept of this new technology towards regionalized sediment management. Recognizing the need for regional sediment management, the State of Florida and U,S. Army Corps of Engineers have embarked on adopting a systems approach toward sediment management. The objective of this paper is to describe the airborne lidar capabilities and identify the concept of using this technology towards coastal project sediment management on a regional scale. C1 USA, Engineer Dist, Joint Airborne Lidar Bathymetry Tech Ctr Expertis, Mobile, AL 36628 USA. RP Parson, LE (reprint author), USA, Engineer Dist, Joint Airborne Lidar Bathymetry Tech Ctr Expertis, 109 St Joseph St, Mobile, AL 36628 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0436-4 PY 1999 BP 2445 EP 2456 PG 4 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Geology; Oceanography SC Engineering; Geology; Oceanography GA BP25P UT WOS:000084507500171 ER PT B AU Teeter, AM Moritz, HR Wang, HV Johnson, BH AF Teeter, AM Moritz, HR Wang, HV Johnson, BH BE Kraus, NC McDougal, WG TI Modeling the fate of dredged material placed at an open water disposal site in upper Chesapeake Bay, USA SO COASTAL SEDIMENTS '99, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Coastal Engineering and Science of Coastal Sediment Processes CY JUN 21-23, 1999 CL HAUPPAUGE, NY SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Coastal & Ocean Div, Amer Geophys Union, Geol Soc Amer, NJ Geol Survey, SUNY Stony Brook, Stevens Inst Technol, Port Author NY & NJ, USA Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Haudraul Lab, US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, US Minerals Management Serv AB The focus of this paper concerns laboratory erosion testing of cohesive sediment, parameterization of cohesive sediment morphology, and the results of cohesive sediment fate prediction. This paper describes the results of predicting the short-term (minutes to hours) and long-term (days to years) fate of cohesive dredged material when placed at an open water estuarine disposal site. The estuarine disposal site (Site 104) is located in upper Chesapeake Bay. Sediment fate processes discussed in this paper include erosion of cohesive dredged material deposited on the estuary bed, subaqueous self-weight consolidation of accumulated dredged material, and the morphological development of accumulated dredged material placed on the estuary bed. The modeling strategy required a "coupled" application of several 2- and 3-dimensional numerical models. Laboratory erosion tests were performed on sediment samples obtained from several navigation channels in upper Chesapeake Bay. Laboratory-derived sediment parameters were used to model sediment behavior. Model results indicate that during five years of placement using bottom dumping barges, 17% of the placed dredged material (by mass) could potentially be transported away from the site. The volume reduction of the subaqueously deposited dredged material, due to self-weight consolidation, was calculated to be 21%. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, CHL, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Teeter, AM (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, CHL, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0436-4 PY 1999 BP 2471 EP 2486 PG 4 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Geology; Oceanography SC Engineering; Geology; Oceanography GA BP25P UT WOS:000084507500173 ER PT B AU Moritz, HP Kraus, NC Siipola, MD AF Moritz, HP Kraus, NC Siipola, MD BE Kraus, NC McDougal, WG TI Simulating the fate of dredged material, Columbia River, USA SO COASTAL SEDIMENTS '99, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Coastal Engineering and Science of Coastal Sediment Processes CY JUN 21-23, 1999 CL HAUPPAUGE, NY SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Coastal & Ocean Div, Amer Geophys Union, Geol Soc Amer, NJ Geol Survey, SUNY Stony Brook, Stevens Inst Technol, Port Author NY & NJ, USA Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Haudraul Lab, US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, US Minerals Management Serv AB Modeling of dredged material placed at an energetic current-dominated site using measured environmental data (waves and currents) is compared to measured bathymetric change at the Columbia River entrance. Current velocities ranging from 100 cm/sec at the bottom to 340 cm/sec near the surface in water depth of 17 m tests the robustness of the Corps' FATE models. The models are found to be applicable at the site using a modified depth-averaged current profile. Research into model parameters and input data that control dispersion and final deposition of material in a high-energy environment is recommended. Those parameters should include percent stripping of material, critical shear stress, turbulent diffusion parameter, and the collapse entrainment parameter. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Portland Dist, CENWP,EC HY, Portland, OR 97208 USA. RP Moritz, HP (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Portland Dist, CENWP,EC HY, POB 2946, Portland, OR 97208 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0436-4 PY 1999 BP 2487 EP 2503 PG 3 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Geology; Oceanography SC Engineering; Geology; Oceanography GA BP25P UT WOS:000084507500174 ER PT B AU Stauble, DK Bass, GP AF Stauble, DK Bass, GP BE Kraus, NC McDougal, WG TI Sediment dynamics and profile interactions of a beach nourishment project SO COASTAL SEDIMENTS '99, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Coastal Engineering and Science of Coastal Sediment Processes CY JUN 21-23, 1999 CL HAUPPAUGE, NY SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Coastal & Ocean Div, Amer Geophys Union, Geol Soc Amer, NJ Geol Survey, SUNY Stony Brook, Stevens Inst Technol, Port Author NY & NJ, USA Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Haudraul Lab, US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, US Minerals Management Serv AB Detailed long-term monitoring of sediment dynamics and profile interactions has been established for a beach nourishment project to identify fill behavior and project response to energetic coastal hydrodynamics. A four phase beach fill project was initiated at Ocean City, Maryland in the spring of 1988 and fully constructed by the fall of 1994. Monitoring of the completed project was continued through the spring of 1998, Storm activity, identified from two project specific wave gages, indicated that 65 tropical and extratropical storms have impacted the project over the ten year monitoring period. This high level of energy has caused the fill sediment to erode from the foreshore and be deposited in the nearshore based on 28 profiles collected twice a year along the entire 14.7-km length of the project. The three-dimensional. nature of fill response was indicated with the identification of "hot" and "cold" spots and variation in profile morphology from north to south. Sediment collected at 7 cross-shore locations on 16 profile locations for 6 time periods provided a method to assess fill resorting and sediment grain size evolution. At the end of ten years, the fill material is still within the active profile envelope. The fill sediment distribution returned to a native distribution within 9 months of fill placement and over the long-term is responding to storm frequency, becoming coarser than native material after erosional storm events and finer during fair weather accretion periods. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Stauble, DK (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM d.stauble@cerc.wes.army.mil; Gregory.P.Bass@nab02.usace.army.mil NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0436-4 PY 1999 BP 2566 EP 2581 PG 4 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Geology; Oceanography SC Engineering; Geology; Oceanography GA BP25P UT WOS:000084507500179 ER PT S AU Brendle, BE Karjala, MJ AF Brendle, BE Karjala, MJ BE Hopper, DG TI Crew integration and automation testbed - Display utilization SO COCKPIT DISPLAYS VI: DISPLAYS FOR DEFENSE APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Cockpit Displays VI - Displays for Defense Applications CY APR 07-09, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE displays; indirect vision; advanced technology; testing & demonstrations AB The United States' Army Tank-automotive & Armaments Command (TACOM) recently started a project entitled Crew integration and Automation Testbed (CAT). This paper will describe the project, which will utilize an unprecedented number of displays for an Army vehicle. C1 USA, Tank Automat & Armaments Command, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Brendle, BE (reprint author), USA, Tank Automat & Armaments Command, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3164-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3690 BP 115 EP 120 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BN77P UT WOS:000082901900012 ER PT B AU Rand, J Brier, F AF Rand, J Brier, F BE Zufelt, JE TI South Pole Station Redevelopment Project SO COLD REGIONS ENGINEERING: PUTTING RESEARCH INTO PRACTICE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Cold Regions Engineering - Putting Research into Practice CY AUG 16-19, 1999 CL LINCOLN, NH SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Tech Council Cold Regions Engn, USA< Cold Regions Res & Engn Lab, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, New hampshire Sect AB The National Science Foundation (NSF) Office of Polar Programs (OPP), the lead agency for the U.S. Antarctic Program, has completed the design and started construction of a replacement station at the geographic South Pole, Antarctica. This paper provides a historical review of the concept development, design process, and project management procedures for the South Pole Redevelopment Project (SPRP). C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Rand, J (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0451-8 PY 1999 BP 1 EP 10 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BP85S UT WOS:000086435800001 ER PT B AU Walsh, MR AF Walsh, MR BE Zufelt, JE TI Construction of unlined tunnels for icecap stations SO COLD REGIONS ENGINEERING: PUTTING RESEARCH INTO PRACTICE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Cold Regions Engineering - Putting Research into Practice CY AUG 16-19, 1999 CL LINCOLN, NH SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Tech Council Cold Regions Engn, USA< Cold Regions Res & Engn Lab, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, New hampshire Sect AB Facilities operations in a polar icecap environment present many unique challenges. Coping with the extreme cold temperatures, the darkness during the long winter months, and blowing and drifting snow all hamper installation, maintenance, and repair operations. For over 40 years, the concept of using tunnels for utilities and personnel in polar environments has been tried with mixed results. In 1991, the U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory initiated a project to develop, fabricate, test, build, and deploy a system for the machining of unlined tunnels at the Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station. A system based on a modified tracked excavator was deployed to Antarctica in January 1996 for testing. The system was modified and redeployed the following summer to create a subsurface utilidor. A 120 m long, 2-m by 3-m tunnel was machined into the fun at the station over the course of 10 days. The tunnel, at a maximum depth of 16 m, is currently being used for the main station's wastewater discharge fine. At a near-constant -40 degrees, the well-lit tunnel, secure from the elements, has already proven its worth during routine and emergency maintenance operations during the harsh polar winters since 1996. Further tunnels have been planned as part of the new U.S. South Pole Station. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Walsh, MR (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0451-8 PY 1999 BP 94 EP 105 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BP85S UT WOS:000086435800009 ER PT B AU Blaisdell, GL AF Blaisdell, GL BE Zufelt, JE TI Comparison of delivery scenarios for a long Antarctic traverse SO COLD REGIONS ENGINEERING: PUTTING RESEARCH INTO PRACTICE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Cold Regions Engineering - Putting Research into Practice CY AUG 16-19, 1999 CL LINCOLN, NH SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Tech Council Cold Regions Engn, USA< Cold Regions Res & Engn Lab, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, New hampshire Sect AB A recently completed interdisciplinary study assessed the feasibility of a 1600 km oversnow trail connecting McMurdo Station, Antarctica, to Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station. Aircraft (specialized ski-wheel Hercules or airdrop) are currently the only means of delivering large volumes of materials to the South Pole. In addition to personnel and their needs (food, scientific equipment, etc.), more than 1.1M liters of fuel are needed annually and 1.1M kg of construction supplies for station modernization are required annually for the next eight years. This airlift seriously taxes the current US Antarctic Program's air resources during the 100-day South Pole flight season and constitutes a significant expense. Preliminary calculations suggested that an oversnow transportation system could provide considerable lifecycle cost savings. Results are reported elsewhere of the field study to determine feasible candidate routes and what driving conditions are likely to be encountered. This paper describes a) the process of determining the appropriate vehicle(s) for such a long, unsupported traverse, b) comparison of the two best candidate routes, and c) calculations of round-trip travel time, consumed fuel and deliverable payload. The latter statistics are compared to the current air delivery system and show the traverse to be twice as efficient, if speed of delivery isn't required. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Blaisdell, GL (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0451-8 PY 1999 BP 106 EP 117 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BP85S UT WOS:000086435800010 ER PT B AU Nakano, Y AF Nakano, Y BE Zufelt, JE TI Growth condition of ice lenses and applications SO COLD REGIONS ENGINEERING: PUTTING RESEARCH INTO PRACTICE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Cold Regions Engineering - Putting Research into Practice CY AUG 16-19, 1999 CL LINCOLN, NH SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Tech Council Cold Regions Engn, USA< Cold Regions Res & Engn Lab, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, New hampshire Sect ID QUASI-STEADY PROBLEMS; FREEZING SOILS; MODEL; LAYER AB As the 1990s arrived, there were many models of ice segregation, but they all suffered from the common fault of little or no experimental verification. Research efforts became focused on experimental evaluation of multiple hypotheses used in these models and significant progress was made toward quantitative understanding of ice segregation in the past decade. As our knowledge advanced, research results became more mathematically oriented and less accessible to engineers. The objective of this paper is to present the current knowledge of ice lens growth with minimum number of equations and to explore practical ways to mitigate ice lens formation. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Nakano, Y (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0451-8 PY 1999 BP 187 EP 198 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BP85S UT WOS:000086435800017 ER PT B AU Martel, CJ AF Martel, CJ BE Zufelt, JE TI Effect of dissolved solids on freeze-thaw conditioning SO COLD REGIONS ENGINEERING: PUTTING RESEARCH INTO PRACTICE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Cold Regions Engineering - Putting Research into Practice CY AUG 16-19, 1999 CL LINCOLN, NH SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Tech Council Cold Regions Engn, USA< Cold Regions Res & Engn Lab, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, New hampshire Sect ID SLUDGE AB The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of dissolved solids on the size of aggregated particles produced by freeze-thaw conditioning of alum sludge. The dissolved solids content was varied by adding 0-2000 mg/L NaCL to samples of alum sludge. The effect of the dissolved solids was observed by taking photographs of thin sections of each frozen sample and measuring the resulting aggregated particle sizes. The results of this study indicate that a relatively small amount of dissolved solids (500 mg/L NaCl or less) will cause ice crystal growth to change from columnar to dendritic. As a result, the mean aggregated particle size was reduced by approximately 50%. These results explain why the aggregated particles from alum sludge are larger and easier to dewater than those produced from wastewater sludge. Generally, alum sludge contains very little dissolved solids, so crystal growth is columnar. Conversely, wastewater sludges usually contain a significant amount of dissolved solids so that crystal growth becomes dendritic. Thin sections photographed between cross polarizers reveal that most of the aggregated particles were trapped within individual ice crystals and not at the crystal boundaries. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Martel, CJ (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0451-8 PY 1999 BP 309 EP 316 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BP85S UT WOS:000086435800028 ER PT B AU Kestler, MA Nam, SI AF Kestler, MA Nam, SI BE Zufelt, JE TI Reducing damage to low volume asphalt-surfaced roads, and improving local economies: Update on variable tire pressure project SO COLD REGIONS ENGINEERING: PUTTING RESEARCH INTO PRACTICE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Cold Regions Engineering - Putting Research into Practice CY AUG 16-19, 1999 CL LINCOLN, NH SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Tech Council Cold Regions Engn, USA< Cold Regions Res & Engn Lab, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, New hampshire Sect AB Spring thaw adversely affects both pavement life and local economies throughout the northern United States and Canada. Each year significant damage is done to bituminous-surfaced low volume roads from trafficking during thaw-weakened periods. To prevent higher maintenance and reconstruction costs, many road agencies impose load restrictions limiting loads or closing low volume roads to trucks during these damage susceptible periods. Companies whose livelihood depends on trucking can suffer economic losses while waiting for thawing roads to recover, and for load restriction signs to be removed. A group of concerned federal agencies, departments of transportation, and private companies throughout the United States and Canada has organized an effort to verify computer simulations that suggest using reduced tire pressures on thaw-weakened asphalt-surfaced low volume roads can reduce pavement damage. Full-scale tests using a heavy vehicle simulator are underway at the U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory in Hanover, New Hampshire, in which a variety of tire pressures are being applied to several pavement test sections subjected to thawing. In addition to reducing road maintenance costs and extending pavement life, the pooled-fund test program discussed in the following paper has the potential to affect current guidelines that restrict hauling, thereby extending the haul season in the springtime. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Kestler, MA (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0451-8 PY 1999 BP 461 EP 471 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BP85S UT WOS:000086435800042 ER PT B AU Kestler, MA Cortez, ER Berg, RL AF Kestler, MA Cortez, ER Berg, RL BE Zufelt, JE TI Large aircraft operations at small airports: When can heavier-than-design aircraft use thin frozen pavements? SO COLD REGIONS ENGINEERING: PUTTING RESEARCH INTO PRACTICE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Cold Regions Engineering - Putting Research into Practice CY AUG 16-19, 1999 CL LINCOLN, NH SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Tech Council Cold Regions Engn, USA< Cold Regions Res & Engn Lab, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, New hampshire Sect AB In response to a request by airport officials in Williston, North Dakota, to allow heavier-than-design aircraft to operate at Sloulin Field on frozen runway pavements during winter months, the Federal Aviation Association (FAA) contacted the U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (CRREL), and a research project was implemented, Instrumentation was installed at Sloulin Field during October 1992, and subsurface temperature, soil moisture content, and pavement stiffness were monitored for the following four years. Using these data, the development of a simple index (based upon frost or thaw depths, freeze-thaw cycles, and other environmental factors) that can be used to roughly estimate pavement strength was investigated. Additionally, a thaw prediction model was developed. The computer program provides recommendations on whether a plane can land on the run way or park on the apron during the ensuing five days without causing unacceptable pavement damage. Although the frozen pavement at Sloulin Field can support heavier-than-design aircraft (resulting in what is considered acceptable pavement damage), it still may not be able to support the level of increase that some pavements could because the pavement modulus is so variable spatially (decreasing the reliability of minimal damage at all locations) and the subsurface structure at Sloulin Field tends to be quite dry (lowering the potential increase in modulus upon freezing). Consequently, the heavier-than-design aircraft considered in this study refers to aircraft in the 74,000- to 80,000-lb range with characteristics similar to those of the BAe 146-100. This report outlines the background, describes the test program, and provides simple guidelines for (and limitations on) computer program use. Investigations leading to the development of a lookup table based on easy-to-measure environmental parameters will be discussed separately. The prediction model is site-specific to Sloulin Field. However, techniques similar to those used provide a valuable tool from which other site-specific or general models can be readily developed. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Kestler, MA (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0451-8 PY 1999 BP 472 EP 486 PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BP85S UT WOS:000086435800043 ER PT B AU Shoop, S Haehnel, R Kestler, K Stebbings, K Alger, R AF Shoop, S Haehnel, R Kestler, K Stebbings, K Alger, R BE Zufelt, JE TI Finite element analysis of a wheel rolling in snow SO COLD REGIONS ENGINEERING: PUTTING RESEARCH INTO PRACTICE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Cold Regions Engineering - Putting Research into Practice CY AUG 16-19, 1999 CL LINCOLN, NH SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Tech Council Cold Regions Engn, USA< Cold Regions Res & Engn Lab, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, New hampshire Sect AB A three-dimensional model of a wheel moving through snow was generated using commercial finite element software (ABAQUS). Because of the large deformation of the snow relative to the tire, a rigid wheel was used to simplify computations. The snow was modeled as both an elastic-plastic material and as a crushable foam material. Models of uniaxial compression and plate sinkage tests in snow were used to explore the snow material model and match measured and observed snow deformation to model results. These constitutive models were then applied to the three-dimensional tire-snow model. NewALE(Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian) adaptive meshing formulations were also evaluated for improvements in handling the large deformations encountered in tire-snow interactions. Modeled snow deformation is compared to sinkage, displacement, and changes in snow densities. The modeled reaction forces on the wheel are compared with tire forces measured using the CRREL Instrumented Vehicle. C1 Corps Engineers, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Shoop, S (reprint author), Corps Engineers, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, 72 Lyne Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0451-8 PY 1999 BP 519 EP 530 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BP85S UT WOS:000086435800047 ER PT B AU Daly, SF Ochs, ES Brooks, PF Pangburn, T Davis, EK AF Daly, SF Ochs, ES Brooks, PF Pangburn, T Davis, EK BE Zufelt, JE TI Distributed Snow Process Model for use with HEC-HMS SO COLD REGIONS ENGINEERING: PUTTING RESEARCH INTO PRACTICE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Cold Regions Engineering - Putting Research into Practice CY AUG 16-19, 1999 CL LINCOLN, NH SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Tech Council Cold Regions Engn, USA< Cold Regions Res & Engn Lab, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, New hampshire Sect AB The Distributed Snow Process Model (DSPM) is a new approach to estimating runoff from snowmelt. The DSPM estimates the snowmelt in an area defined by a Standard Hydrologic Grid (SHG) using the SSARR_grid snow process model. A watershed can contain many separate SHG cells, depending on the size of the watershed and the size of the SHG selected. The SSARR_grid snow process model evaluates the snowmelt in each grid cell on the basis of the snow condition, elevation, temperature, and precipitation for that grid cell and the watershed properties. The snow conditions in each grid cell-snow melt, snow water equivalent, liquid water content, cold content, antecedent temperature index, and the antecedent melt index-are stored each time step in a gridded HEC-DSS database. The DSPM is a stand-alone program that provides input data to the Hydrologic Engineering Center's Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS) through the gridded database. Sample results are included to demonstrate the type and range of output available from the DSPM. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Daly, SF (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0451-8 PY 1999 BP 538 EP 549 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BP85S UT WOS:000086435800049 ER PT B AU White, KD Melloh, RA AF White, KD Melloh, RA BE Zufelt, JE TI Diurnal variation in dissolved oxygen measurements during late winter ice-covered period, Sleeper's River, Vermont SO COLD REGIONS ENGINEERING: PUTTING RESEARCH INTO PRACTICE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Cold Regions Engineering - Putting Research into Practice CY AUG 16-19, 1999 CL LINCOLN, NH SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Tech Council Cold Regions Engn, USA< Cold Regions Res & Engn Lab, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, New hampshire Sect ID 2 YUKON RIVERS; TRANSMITTANCE AB Dissolved oxygen (DO), a critical element in riverine systems, is required to support aquatic life and maintain good water quality. Previous research has documented the occurrence of oxygen depressions in ice-covered rivers that coincide with ice cover formation (Schallock and Lotspeich, 1974; Schreier et al., 1980;Whitfield and McNaughton, 1986). These oxygen sags have been attributed to lack of reaeration because of the ice cover, oxidation of organic material, and inputs of oxygen-depleted groundwater. Diurnal variations in dissolved oxygen an key to understanding the oxygen balance processes of a stream, and previous studies provide only limited data in this regard. The present study incorporates continuous, high-temporal-resolution sub-ice water quality data and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) data for a gaged site in the Sleeper's River Research Watershed, Vermont. The first winter's observations, collected during late winter through spring breakup, are presented here. These data describe in detail the in-stream water quality environment during spring breakup and reveal a pronounced diurnal cycling of dissolved oxygen in the period just prior to breakup that appears to be the result of biological processes. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Ice Engn Res Div, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP White, KD (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Ice Engn Res Div, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0451-8 PY 1999 BP 550 EP 560 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BP85S UT WOS:000086435800050 ER PT B AU Zufelt, JE AF Zufelt, JE BE Zufelt, JE TI Breakup on the Upper St. John River SO COLD REGIONS ENGINEERING: PUTTING RESEARCH INTO PRACTICE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Cold Regions Engineering - Putting Research into Practice CY AUG 16-19, 1999 CL LINCOLN, NH SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Tech Council Cold Regions Engn, USA< Cold Regions Res & Engn Lab, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, New hampshire Sect AB The Upper St. John River flows through primarily uninhabited forestlands in northwest Maine. Its dynamic ice breakup results in annual ice jams and flooding at many locations along this reach of the river. Dickey, Maine, is the most upstream community on the St. John River and, therefore, does not receive warning from upstream communities that an ice run has begun or that there is potential of damaging ice jams and flooding. In April 1991, a severe ice run and jam at Dickey caught residents unprepared, with many residents being stranded as ice and water surrounded their homes, destroying the only bridge across the St. John River for 100 km (60 mi). The communities downstream receive some warning that an ice run or jam has occurred in Dickey and is on its way downstream, although the warning time may be minimal. A properly placed sensor upstream of Dickey could give an early warning to residents that breakup has begun and ice jamming might occur. This paper describes experiments to track the ice breakup along the St. John River upstream of Dickey and how this information might be used to provide early warning of ice runs or jams at Dickey and communities downstream. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Zufelt, JE (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0451-8 PY 1999 BP 561 EP 575 PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BP85S UT WOS:000086435800051 ER PT B AU Niezgoda, SL Johnson, PA AF Niezgoda, SL Johnson, PA BE Zufelt, JE TI Abutment scour at small, severely contracted bridges SO COLD REGIONS ENGINEERING: PUTTING RESEARCH INTO PRACTICE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Cold Regions Engineering - Putting Research into Practice CY AUG 16-19, 1999 CL LINCOLN, NH SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Tech Council Cold Regions Engn, USA< Cold Regions Res & Engn Lab, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, New hampshire Sect AB Abutment scour at small, severely contracted bridges is not specifically addressed in current scour guidelines, Many of the abutments at these bridges are vertical and set along the main channel banks. The long roadway approach section and narrow bridge opening force floodplain waters to re-enter the main channel at the bridge, causing a severe contraction in flow area that results in both contraction and local scour. Current scour guidelines assume that contraction and local scour processes are independent and are determined separately and summed for a total scour depth. Because of the severe contraction in flow area, independent scour processes cannot be assumed. Thus, the practice of assuming independence may result in significant over-estimations of scour depth at severely contracted bridges, In this study, a relatively new scour model, ABSCOUR, is tested to determine its ability to provide more realistic scour estimates at severely contracted bridges by accounting for flow non-uniformity in a single total scour equation. The program format is also examined to determine its applicability to a wide range of environments. The results showed that scour depth predictions at prototype bridges were excellent, and that program applicability to a variety of environmental conditions was promising. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Niezgoda, SL (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0451-8 PY 1999 BP 600 EP 611 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BP85S UT WOS:000086435800054 ER PT B AU Daly, SF Hopkins, MA AF Daly, SF Hopkins, MA BE Zufelt, JE TI Modeling river ice using discrete particle simulation SO COLD REGIONS ENGINEERING: PUTTING RESEARCH INTO PRACTICE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Cold Regions Engineering - Putting Research into Practice CY AUG 16-19, 1999 CL LINCOLN, NH SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Tech Council Cold Regions Engn, USA< Cold Regions Res & Engn Lab, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, New hampshire Sect AB Recent advances in discrete element modeling now allow the direct simulation of river ice dynamics. By resolving the contact and body forces acting on thousands of individual flees at each time step, the initiation, grounding, and formation of river ice jams can be simulated and studied. The attendant water now is modeled using a coupled unsteady hydraulic model, with feedback provided between flees and water by water drag and blockage of the channel Mow area by ice. The regimes of water flow that are modeled include open-channel flow with no ice, flow under moving or stationary ice, and high-Reynolds-number porous flow through grounded and floating ice masses. The use of variable channel geometry, which allows realistic channel sections to be modeled, is described here. Results are presented for a simulation of the arrest of a large ice run by an ice-control structure consisting of nine evenly spaced, cylindrical piers. Discrete element simulation promises to be an important tool in the design and implementation of ice-control measures. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Daly, SF (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0451-8 PY 1999 BP 612 EP 622 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BP85S UT WOS:000086435800055 ER PT B AU Tuthill, AM AF Tuthill, AM BE Zufelt, JE TI Soo Locks ice problems and possible solutions SO COLD REGIONS ENGINEERING: PUTTING RESEARCH INTO PRACTICE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Cold Regions Engineering - Putting Research into Practice CY AUG 16-19, 1999 CL LINCOLN, NH SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Tech Council Cold Regions Engn, USA< Cold Regions Res & Engn Lab, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, New hampshire Sect AB The Soo Locks at Sault Ste. Marie, MI allow passage of deep draft vessels from Lake Superior to the lower Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River system. Although the locks are closed to winter-long navigation, operators face serious ice problems following the reopening of the locks in early spring. Broken lake ice pushed ahead of downbound ships can make it difficult or impossible for the vessels to enter the locks. Existing solutions such as locking the ice separately through the main lock or an adjacent smaller lock result in delays and increased costs to the navigation industry. A physical model study at the Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory will examined a range of alternatives aimed at improving ice passage at the Soo Locks. This paper describes the ice problems at the Soo as well as the objectives of the physical model study. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Tuthill, AM (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0451-8 PY 1999 BP 623 EP 630 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BP85S UT WOS:000086435800056 ER PT B AU Lever, JH Gooch, GE AF Lever, JH Gooch, GE BE Zufelt, JE TI Low-cost ice control structures for small rivers SO COLD REGIONS ENGINEERING: PUTTING RESEARCH INTO PRACTICE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Cold Regions Engineering - Putting Research into Practice CY AUG 16-19, 1999 CL LINCOLN, NH SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Tech Council Cold Regions Engn, USA< Cold Regions Res & Engn Lab, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, New hampshire Sect AB Control of ice jams on small rivers must balance the competing requirements of low cost and reliable performance. Using a refrigerated hydraulic laboratory, we have developed three new low-cost structures that should meet these requirements. One is a seasonally installed "tension weir" that creates a small pool to promote early ice-cover formation and consequently reduces freezeup ice jams downstream. It performed well during four seasons of field trials. The other two structures, consisting of a few large elements spaced across a river adjacent to a natural floodplain, control breakup ice jams. A breakup structure consisting of four massive sloped blocks has performed well since its construction in Hardwick, Vermont, in 1994. Based on model tests, a similar structure consisting of cylindrical piers should provide greater ice-restraining capacity, albeit at higher cost. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Lever, JH (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0451-8 PY 1999 BP 631 EP 640 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BP85S UT WOS:000086435800057 ER PT B AU Haehnel, RB Clark, CH Daly, SF AF Haehnel, RB Clark, CH Daly, SF BE Zufelt, JE TI The effects of holes drilled in a river ice cover on the heat transfer at the ice/water interface SO COLD REGIONS ENGINEERING: PUTTING RESEARCH INTO PRACTICE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Cold Regions Engineering - Putting Research into Practice CY AUG 16-19, 1999 CL LINCOLN, NH SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Tech Council Cold Regions Engn, USA< Cold Regions Res & Engn Lab, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, New hampshire Sect ID WATER AB Drilling holes in a river ice cover has been used on the Oconto River to reduce ice jam flooding in the city of Oconto, Wisconsin, since the spring of 1988. Though this technique appears to have been successful at preventing ice jam flooding, it is not clear what physical processes are responsible for its success. This study explores the effects of the holes on enhancing the turbulent heat transfer at the ice/water interface, thereby advancing the deterioration of the ice cover. The heat transfer coefficient between a flat ice sheet (with and without holes) and flowing water was measured in the refrigerated flume facility at CRREL. The results show no change in the bulk Nusselt number due to the presence of the holes in the ice sheet. However, the local Nusselt number (measured in the vicinity of the holes) was initially much higher than the bulk number, but decays with time as local melting streamlines the hole. This local modification of the heat transfer has the effect of accelerating the melting of the ice in the region surrounding the hole, streamlining the hole. This work suggests that the reduction in ice volume caused by this effect is negligible in comparison to the total ice volume in the river, and likely has no effect on reducing ice jam potential. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Haehnel, RB (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0451-8 PY 1999 BP 641 EP 652 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BP85S UT WOS:000086435800058 ER PT B AU Korhonen, C Orchino, S AF Korhonen, C Orchino, S BE Zufelt, JE TI Effects of low temperature on concrete strength SO COLD REGIONS ENGINEERING: PUTTING RESEARCH INTO PRACTICE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Cold Regions Engineering - Putting Research into Practice CY AUG 16-19, 1999 CL LINCOLN, NH SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Tech Council Cold Regions Engn, USA< Cold Regions Res & Engn Lab, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, New hampshire Sect AB Temperature affects the way concrete gains strength. High temperatures tend to accelerate early age strengths but decrease later strengths, while low temperatures retard early age strengths and increase later strengths. It is well known that freezing concrete at an early age can result in permanent damage. What is not well known or appreciated is that concrete can benefit from the cold. Cold weather often results in concrete of superior strength, compared to concrete cast during warm weather, and if fresh concrete is frozen at an early age, it can recover full potential strength when thawed. The problems as well as the opportunities of low temperature concreting are discussed. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Korhonen, C (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0451-8 PY 1999 BP 677 EP 683 PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BP85S UT WOS:000086435800061 ER PT B AU Korhonen, C Hughes, J AF Korhonen, C Hughes, J BE Zufelt, JE TI Frost heave problems inside a nuclear power plant SO COLD REGIONS ENGINEERING: PUTTING RESEARCH INTO PRACTICE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Cold Regions Engineering - Putting Research into Practice CY AUG 16-19, 1999 CL LINCOLN, NH SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Tech Council Cold Regions Engn, USA< Cold Regions Res & Engn Lab, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, New hampshire Sect AB The ice condenser floors of a nuclear power plant had heaved upward and were binding against steam-vent doors. By drilling wells into the floors, insulating them, and thawing the ice beneath them, a large amount of water was pumped from the insulation beneath the floors. As a result, they dropped and created needed floor-to-door clearance. Although the partially dewatered floors are heaving again, they should not rise enough to become the problems they once were. In addition, the wells are in place for periodic dewatering should the need arise. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Korhonen, C (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0451-8 PY 1999 BP 684 EP 691 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BP85S UT WOS:000086435800062 ER PT B AU Jones, KF AF Jones, KF BE Zufelt, JE TI Ice storms, trees and power lines SO COLD REGIONS ENGINEERING: PUTTING RESEARCH INTO PRACTICE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Cold Regions Engineering - Putting Research into Practice CY AUG 16-19, 1999 CL LINCOLN, NH SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Tech Council Cold Regions Engn, USA< Cold Regions Res & Engn Lab, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, New hampshire Sect AB Ice storms can cause prolonged outages in the supply of electric power to residents and industry. As we have become more dependent on electric power for lighting, heat, water, and communications, disruptions in the power supply have more severe consequences. This paper reviews a simple ice accretion model for forecasting ice loads in freezing-rain storms. Then, starting from information on the distribution of branch and twig diameters, the relative weights of ice on trees and on wires are compared. Finally, the areas of severe ice storms that have occurred in the southeastern United States are used to show the frequency of ice storms of large and small extents in that region. Utilities can use this kind of information to evaluate their ability to respond to damaging ice storms. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Snow & Ice Div, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Jones, KF (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Snow & Ice Div, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0451-8 PY 1999 BP 757 EP 767 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BP85S UT WOS:000086435800070 ER PT B AU Sodhi, DS Donnelly, CJ AF Sodhi, DS Donnelly, CJ BE Zufelt, JE TI Ice effects on riprap: Model tests SO COLD REGIONS ENGINEERING: PUTTING RESEARCH INTO PRACTICE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Cold Regions Engineering - Putting Research into Practice CY AUG 16-19, 1999 CL LINCOLN, NH SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Tech Council Cold Regions Engn, USA< Cold Regions Res & Engn Lab, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, New hampshire Sect AB We conducted 50 model tests to simulate the ice action on a riprap-protected bank and to determine the riprap damage caused during the interaction. We conducted tests with the model riprap banks in different orientations relative to the direction of ice motion, at three different slopes, with two mixes of riprap stones, and with model ice sheets of different thicknesses. Because we used two model riprap banks with different stone sizes in our experimental setup, we obtained data for two ratios of ice thickness to median stone size from each test. We present the data on riprap damage in tabular and graphical forms. We give plots of cumulative probability and a damage parameter for riprap failure with respect to the ratio of ice thickness to median stone size. Our results indicate that riprap failure takes place when ice thickness is equal to, or thicker than, the median stone size. Accepting some (15%) probability of riprap failure, we find that the median stone size needs to be 2-3 times the ice thickness to protect a bank from an ice action. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Sodhi, DS (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0451-8 PY 1999 BP 824 EP 837 PG 14 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BP85S UT WOS:000086435800077 ER PT J AU Fink, BK McCullough, RL AF Fink, BK McCullough, RL TI Interphase research issues SO COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Univ Delaware, Ctr Composite Mat, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Fink, BK (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 0 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-835X J9 COMPOS PART A-APPL S JI Compos. Pt. A-Appl. Sci. Manuf. PY 1999 VL 30 IS 1 BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1016/S1359-835X(98)00118-3 PG 2 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 150VV UT WOS:000077687200001 ER PT J AU Bogetti, TA Wang, T VanLandingham, MR Gillespie, JW AF Bogetti, TA Wang, T VanLandingham, MR Gillespie, JW TI Characterization of nanoscale property Variations in polymer composite systems: 2. Numerical modeling SO COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING LA English DT Article DE interface/interphase; carbon fibre; numerical analysis; indentation ID INTERPHASE AB In Part 1 (the companion paper) a technique utilizing the indenting capabilities of the atomic force microscope (AFM) was used to evaluate the local changes in material response of polymer composite systems near the fiber-matrix interface. Responses for two model composite systems at both room temperature and elevated temperatures were studied. In this paper (Part 2), we compare the AFM indentation results with finite element model predictions to gain a fundamental understanding of the influence that the interphase properties have on the measured responses. Good agreement between the finite element model predictions and the AFM measured results was found for all cases studied. The finite element results confirmed that the interphase region for an unsized graphite fiber is too small (relative to the physical size of the indentation probe) to conduct realistic characterization. It was shown, however, that the sized fiber case has an interphase region sufficiently large to obtain useful measurements. The finite element model was then used to identify the effects of interphase region size on the potential usefulness of the AFM as a viable interphase characterization method. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Delaware, Ctr Composite Mat, Newark, DE 19716 USA. USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Aberdeen, MD USA. RP Bogetti, TA (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Ctr Composite Mat, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM bogetti@arl.mil NR 13 TC 30 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-835X J9 COMPOS PART A-APPL S JI Compos. Pt. A-Appl. Sci. Manuf. PY 1999 VL 30 IS 1 BP 85 EP 94 DI 10.1016/S1359-835X(98)00097-9 PG 10 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 150VV UT WOS:000077687200011 ER PT J AU Gettayacamin, M Hansukjariya, P Corcoran, KD Young, GD MacMillan, JG AF Gettayacamin, M Hansukjariya, P Corcoran, KD Young, GD MacMillan, JG TI Vaginal cytology of the lesser bandicoot rat (Bandicota savilei) SO CONTEMPORARY TOPICS IN LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RICKETTSIA-TSUTSUGAMUSHI; THAILAND AB The lesser bandicoot rat (Bandicota savilei) is a wild field rat commonly found in Thailand. Vaginal smears were obtained from five colony-bent animals twice daily for 28 days and stained with Giemsa stain, The external appearance of the vulva and appearance of the tip of vaginal swabs were recorded, All cells, including nucleated or keratinized epithelial cells and leukocytes, were quantified by percentage. No changes of the external genitalia were observed. The gross appearance of the vaginal swab may distinguish estrus and diestrus. Vaginal swabs contained a white or yellow material during estrus or diestrus, respectively. Changes in vaginal cytology at each stage of the estrous cycle of the lesser bandicoot rat were similar to those of the common laboratory rat, Estrus stages of the five rats occurred every 3 or 4 daps. One female was introduced to a male after diestrus and produced a litter of six pups 27 days after pairing. C1 USA Med Component, Dept Vet Med, Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. OEVM, Comparat Med Branch, AL, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. USAF, Armstrong Lab, Vet Sci Div, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Gettayacamin, M (reprint author), USA Med Component, Dept Vet Med, Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, 315-6 Rajvithi Rd, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE PI MEMPHIS PA 9190 CRESTWYN HILLS DR, MEMPHIS, TN 38125 USA SN 1060-0558 J9 CONTEMP TOP LAB ANIM JI Contemp. Top. Lab. Anim. Sci. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 38 IS 1 BP 76 EP 80 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 174PZ UT WOS:000079044700020 PM 12086458 ER PT B AU Case, MP Lu, SCY AF Case, MP Lu, SCY BE Baskin, AB Kovacs, G Jacucci, G TI A discourse model for collaborative design SO COOPERATIVE KNOWLEDGE PROCESSING FOR ENGINEERING DESIGN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Workshop on Cooperative Knowledge Processing for Engineering Problem Solving CY 1998 CL UNIV TRENTO, TRENT, ITALY HO UNIV TRENTO DE agent; conflict; discourse design collaboration; concurrent engineering; blackboard architecture; KQML AB A Discourse Model, including a structure and a process, is developed that provides software support for collaborative engineering design. Components of the structure include a workspace that incorporates frames, constraints, semantic networks, libraries of sharable design objects, agents, and a Virtual Workspace Language. Components of the process include procedures for identifying agent interest sets, applying state transformations to the design model, switching design contexts, identifying conflicts between designers, and tracking resolved conflicts. The model is implementation-independent and applicable to many research and commercial design environments currently available. An example scenario is provided in the Architecture/Engineering/Construction domain that illustrates collaboration during the conceptual design of a fire station. C1 USA, Construct Engn Res Lab, Engn Proc Div, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. RP Case, MP (reprint author), USA, Construct Engn Res Lab, Engn Proc Div, POB 9005, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI NORWELL PA 101 PHILIP DRIVE, ASSINIPPI PARK, NORWELL, MA 02061 USA BN 0-412-83750-1 PY 1999 BP 205 EP 224 PG 20 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BM59R UT WOS:000079197700014 ER PT B AU Collins, JW Alberth, DP Lodde, G AF Collins, JW Alberth, DP Lodde, G BE Hylko, JM Salyer, RL TI Assessment of exposure to depleted uranium during operation desert storm SO CREATION AND FUTURE LEGACY OF STOCKPILE STEWARDSHIP: ISOTOPE PRODUCTION, APPLICATIONS, AND CONSUMPTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Annual Midyear Topical Meeting of the Health-Physics-Society CY JAN 24-27, 1999 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Hlth Phys Soc Rio Grande Chapter AB The U.S. Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine (USACHPPM) completed an interim exposure assessment and risk characterization for the Department of Defense (DOD) Office of the Special Assistant for Gulf War Illnesses (OSAGWI) concerning possible Depleted Uranium (DU) exposures during Operation Desert Storm. Existing DU test documents, pertinent data, and assumptions regarding DU exposure were employed to produce an initial DU exposure assessment and health risk characterization for OSAGWI's Level I exposure scenarios. The Committed Effective Dose Equivalent (CEDE) for Level I individuals (crew members and first responders), excluding those with DU fragment injuries, inside an M1A1 Heavy Armor Abrams tank was estimated to be less than 5 mSv (0.5 rem) based on a 15-minute exposure duration. Specifically, this scenario addresses a situation in which the crew compartment is penetrated by a single M829 120mm DU round from a fratricide incident. The CEDE was calculated using an estimated inhalation intake of 22 mg insoluble DU oxide and 4 mg soluble DU oxide and an estimated secondary ingestion intake of 13.3 mg insoluble DU oxide and 2.7 mg soluble DU oxide for the 15-minute exposure duration. C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Hlth Phys Grp, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Collins, JW (reprint author), USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Hlth Phys Grp, 5158 Blackhawk Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEDICAL PHYSICS PUBLISHING PI MADISON PA 4513 VERNON BLVD, MADISON, WI 53705 USA BN 0-944838-88-X PY 1999 BP 37 EP 43 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BM63F UT WOS:000079308800006 ER PT J AU Ishihara, S Ward, J Tasaki, O Pruitt, B Mozingo, D AF Ishihara, S Ward, J Tasaki, O Pruitt, B Mozingo, D TI Systemic oxygen transport during zero-balanced continuous hemofiltration in porcine endotoxemia. SO CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0090-3493 J9 CRIT CARE MED JI Crit. Care Med. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 27 IS 1 SU S MA 294 BP A123 EP A123 DI 10.1097/00003246-199901001-00335 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine SC General & Internal Medicine GA 160NN UT WOS:000078236900335 ER PT S AU Wolfson, O Jiang, LQ Sistla, AP Chamberlain, S Rishe, N Deng, ML AF Wolfson, O Jiang, LQ Sistla, AP Chamberlain, S Rishe, N Deng, ML BE Beeri, C Buneman, P TI Databases for tracking mobile units in real time SO DATABASE THEORY - ICDT'99 SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Database Theory (ICDT 99) CY JAN 10-12, 1999 CL JERUSALEM, ISRAEL SP Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Tel Aviv Univ, Tandem Lab Israel Compaq Co, ACM Special Inter Grp Management Data, IEEE Israel Chapter, Israel Assoc info Proc, EDBT Fdn AB In this paper we consider databases representing information about moving objects (e.g. vehicles), particularly their location. We address the problems of updating and querying such databases. Specifically, the update problem is to determine when the location of a moving object in the database (namely its database location) should be updated. We answer this question by proposing an information cost model that captures uncertainty, deviation, and communication. Then we analyze dead-reckoning policies, namely policies that update the database location whenever the distance between the actual location and the database location exceeds a given threshold, x. Dead-reckoning is the prevalent approach in military applications, and our cost model enables us to determine the threshold x. Then we consider the problem of processing range queries in the database, and we propose a probabilistic algorithm to solve the problem. C1 Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA. RP Wolfson, O (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. NR 15 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-65452-6 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 1999 VL 1540 BP 169 EP 186 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BN73Y UT WOS:000082775200012 ER PT S AU Godfrey, P Gryz, J AF Godfrey, P Gryz, J BE Beeri, C Buneman, P TI View disassembly SO DATABASE THEORY - ICDT'99 SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Database Theory (ICDT 99) CY JAN 10-12, 1999 CL JERUSALEM, ISRAEL SP Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Tel Aviv Univ, Tandem Lab Israel Compaq Co, ACM Special Inter Grp Management Data, IEEE Israel Chapter, Israel Assoc info Proc, EDBT Fdn AB We explore a new form of view rewrite called view disassembly. The objective is to rewrite views in order to "remove" certain sub-views (or unfoldings) of the view. This becomes pertinent for complex views which may defined over other views and which may involve union. Such complex views arise necessarily in environments as data warehousing and mediation over heterogeneous databases. View disassembly can be used for view and query optimization, preserving data security, making use of cached queries and materialized views, and view maintenance. We provide computational complexity results of view disassembly. We show that the optimal rewrites for disassembled views is at least NP-hard. However, we provide good news too. We provide an approximation algorithm that has much better run-time behavior. We show a pertinent class of unfoldings for which their removal always results in a simpler disassembled view than the view itself. We also show the complexity to determine when a collection of unfoldings cover the view definition. C1 Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. York Univ, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. RP Godfrey, P (reprint author), Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-65452-6 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 1999 VL 1540 BP 417 EP 434 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BN73Y UT WOS:000082775200026 ER PT B AU Pearre, CM AF Pearre, CM GP USCLD USCLD TI Corps of Engineers Dam Safety Program - Taking dam safety into our third century SO DEALING WITH AGING DAMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th Annual USCOLD Meeting and Lecture CY MAY 17-21, 1999 CL SO CO, ATLANTA, GA SP US Comm Large Dams, USCOLD Comm Hydraul Dams, Dam Safety Construct & Rehabilitat HO SO CO C1 USA Corps Engineers, Directorate Civil Works, Engn & Construct Div, Gen Engn Branch,Dam Safety Team, Washington, DC USA. RP Pearre, CM (reprint author), USA Corps Engineers, Directorate Civil Works, Engn & Construct Div, Gen Engn Branch,Dam Safety Team, Headquarters, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US COMMITTEE LARGE DAMS PI DENVER PA 1616 SEVENTEENTH STREET, SUITE 483, DENVER, CO 80202 USA BN 1-884575-14-5 PY 1999 BP 81 EP 86 PG 6 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA BS12D UT WOS:000168728200008 ER PT B AU Foltz, S AF Foltz, S GP USCLD USCLD TI An updated condition index for embankment dams SO DEALING WITH AGING DAMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th Annual USCOLD Meeting and Lecture CY MAY 17-21, 1999 CL SO CO, ATLANTA, GA SP US Comm Large Dams, USCOLD Comm Hydraul Dams, Dam Safety Construct & Rehabilitat HO SO CO AB The US Army Corps of Engineers owns and operates over 580 dams and spends approximately $200 million annually on their maintenance. Most of these darns have significant embankment sections. Funding for maintenance and repair (M&R) of these structures is becoming more difficult to obtain. All levels of management are also asking for increasingly detailed justification before approving work. These resource limitations and justification demands require that M&R needs be prioritized with significantly greater care and the funds are spent efficiently. To assist geotechnical engineers and managers with M&R planning and budgeting, a quantitative rating system for the condition of embankment dams is being developed. It is currently in final review at Corps of Engineers headquarters. This rating system includes standardized condition rating procedures based primarily on pre-existing inspection procedures. The system is based largely on the user's knowledge of the dam. The system is intended to improve understanding but the result should mirror the users' overall opinions on the dam. The management system features a 100-point Condition Index (CI) that rates the structure on physical condition and the extent to which it is performing its intended function. The index is primarily a planning tool with the index values serving as an indicator of the general condition level of the structure, The index is meant to focus technical and management attention on those structures most likely to warrant immediate repair or further evaluation. The ultimate goal is to achieve the best possible condition for embankment dam structures at a given funding level, Combined with economic analyses, these procedures assist in efficient M&R budget planning through the evaluation of current condition and comparison of various M&R alternatives. In addition to calculating the CI for the dam, the system also uses the collected information to produce priority rankings for the components. These numerical priority rankings are based on the condition and importance of the components and can be used to assist in prioritizing specific M&R tasks based on their effect on the performance of the dam. Application of this management system is based on an evaluation of inspection and instrumentation data according to a standardized procedure established for the system. Analysis of the dam begins with a small group (3-8) of engineers knowledgeable of the dam. They prioritize the sub-systems and components of the dam by developing importance weightings in a guided process using what are called "interaction matrices". The engineers also rate the condition of these sub-systems and components based on established criteria. The importance weightings and inspection information is entered into a software program to compute the CI, The software includes data storage and handling capabilities, automated calculations, and reporting for work planning and budgeting purposes. C1 USA Corps Engineers, Construct Engn Res Lab, Facil Div, Champaign, IL 61822 USA. RP Foltz, S (reprint author), USA Corps Engineers, Construct Engn Res Lab, Facil Div, 2902 Newmark Dr, Champaign, IL 61822 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US COMMITTEE LARGE DAMS PI DENVER PA 1616 SEVENTEENTH STREET, SUITE 483, DENVER, CO 80202 USA BN 1-884575-14-5 PY 1999 BP 203 EP 218 PG 16 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA BS12D UT WOS:000168728200016 ER PT B AU Schmidt, T AF Schmidt, T GP USCLD USCLD TI Dam safety program performance measures - Version 2 SO DEALING WITH AGING DAMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th Annual USCOLD Meeting and Lecture CY MAY 17-21, 1999 CL SO CO, ATLANTA, GA SP US Comm Large Dams, USCOLD Comm Hydraul Dams, Dam Safety Construct & Rehabilitat HO SO CO C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Engn & Tech Serv Directorate, SW Div, Dallas, TX USA. RP Schmidt, T (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Engn & Tech Serv Directorate, SW Div, Dallas, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US COMMITTEE LARGE DAMS PI DENVER PA 1616 SEVENTEENTH STREET, SUITE 483, DENVER, CO 80202 USA BN 1-884575-14-5 PY 1999 BP 547 EP 558 PG 12 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA BS12D UT WOS:000168728200038 ER PT J AU Meffert, JJ AF Meffert, JJ TI Environmental skin diseases and the impact of common dermatoses on medical readiness SO DERMATOLOGIC CLINICS LA English DT Review ID ERYTHEMA AB IGNE; ALOE-VERA CREAM; FROSTBITE INJURIES; SUN PROTECTION; COLD INJURY; SHADOW RULE; EXPOSURE; WORKERS; CANCER; BURN AB The environmental extremes in which soldiers exercise and fight, like the environmental extremes in which many civilians encounter occupationally and recreationally, can prove to be a significant cause for morbidity and decreased effectiveness. A variety of skin diseases are related to occupational exposure to dusts and ultraviolet radiation as a well known cause of cutaneous damage. As more is understood about the biochemical factors involved in frostbite injury treatment recommendations have changed. Too much water, hot or cold, is a continued source of cutaneous misery to the soldier in the field. Finally, even common minor skin ailments can incapacitate the sufferer when confronted with unfavorable environments. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Meffert, JJ (reprint author), USAF, 19626 Encino Knoll, San Antonio, TX 78259 USA. NR 143 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0733-8635 J9 DERMATOL CLIN JI Dermatol. Clin. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 17 IS 1 BP 1 EP + DI 10.1016/S0733-8635(05)70066-8 PG 18 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 162VV UT WOS:000078368400002 PM 9986992 ER PT J AU Welch, ML Anderson, LL Grabski, WJ AF Welch, ML Anderson, LL Grabski, WJ TI Evaluation and management of nonmelanoma skin cancer: The military perspective SO DERMATOLOGIC CLINICS LA English DT Article ID BASAL-CELL CARCINOMA; MOHS MICROGRAPHIC SURGERY; UNITED-STATES; RECURRENCE; EXCISION; EPITHELIOMA AB As the incidence of melanoma skin cancer continues to increase in this country, so does the need for early detection and treatment of these tumors. This article discusses a military skin cancer screening clinic that encourages patient participation and the criteria and statistics regarding the different treatment modalities we employ to treat these skin cancers. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dermatol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Welch, ML (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dermatol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 36 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0733-8635 J9 DERMATOL CLIN JI Dermatol. Clin. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 17 IS 1 BP 19 EP + DI 10.1016/S0733-8635(05)70067-X PG 11 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 162VV UT WOS:000078368400003 PM 9986993 ER PT J AU Barillo, DJ Goodwin, CW AF Barillo, DJ Goodwin, CW TI Dermatologists and the burn center SO DERMATOLOGIC CLINICS LA English DT Article ID TOXIC EPIDERMAL NECROLYSIS; SOFT-TISSUE INFECTIONS; NECROTIZING FASCIITIS; CARE; VARICELLA; CHILDREN; BIOPSY AB Severe cutaneous disease and injury often is best treated in the specialized treatment environment of a burn center Skilled burn treatment personnel combine critical care expertise with extensive clinical experience in the management of severe cutaneous injury and disease. In addition to thermal injury, the burn center is the ideal environment for patients with progressive toxic epidermal necrolysis, pemphigoid lesions, and invasive cutaneous infection. Recent research indicates that the burn wound is a dynamic structure whose ultimate extent is modifiable by manipulations of the local anatomic and molecular environment. The many unanswered questions on the pathogenesis and treatment of both the "medical" and "surgical" cutaneous processes require close collaboration between the dermatologist and the burn team. C1 USA, Inst Surg Res, Lib Branch, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Barillo, DJ (reprint author), USA, Inst Surg Res, Lib Branch, 3400 E Chambers Ave, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 36 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0733-8635 J9 DERMATOL CLIN JI Dermatol. Clin. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 17 IS 1 BP 61 EP + DI 10.1016/S0733-8635(05)70070-X PG 16 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 162VV UT WOS:000078368400006 PM 9986996 ER PT J AU Kenner, JR Aronson, NE Benson, PM AF Kenner, JR Aronson, NE Benson, PM TI The United States military and leishmaniasis SO DERMATOLOGIC CLINICS LA English DT Review ID AMERICAN CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS; OPERATION-DESERT-STORM; B CHOLESTEROL DISPERSION; VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS; AMPHOTERICIN-B; SODIUM STIBOGLUCONATE; SAUDI-ARABIA; KALA-AZAR; MUCOCUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS; MUCOSAL LEISHMANIASIS AB Leishmaniasis occurs not only in American travelers and military personnel alike but infects a significant portion of the world's population. The US military has made major contributions to the understanding of the complicated epidemiology of this parasite, the development of rapid reliable diagnostic tests, and to the development of safe, more efficient, and more effective treatment of leishmaniasis. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dermatol Serv, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Kenner, JR (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dermatol Serv, Harrett White Rd, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 101 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 3 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0733-8635 J9 DERMATOL CLIN JI Dermatol. Clin. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 17 IS 1 BP 77 EP + DI 10.1016/S0733-8635(05)70071-1 PG 17 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 162VV UT WOS:000078368400007 PM 9986997 ER PT J AU Keeling, JH Vogel, PA Keller, RA Norton, SA Sartori, CR AF Keeling, JH Vogel, PA Keller, RA Norton, SA Sartori, CR TI The dermatologist in military operations SO DERMATOLOGIC CLINICS LA English DT Article ID DESERT-SHIELD; GULF-WAR; MIGRANTS; DISEASE AB The military dermatologist has a specific and significant role in military operations-in time of war as well as in peace. Many dermatologists are unfamiliar with the impact that our specialty and cutaneous disease has upon the ability of the military to fulfill the missions, duties, and responsibilities assigned by our government. This article highlights a few of the recent or ongoing types of military operations in which our specialty plays a prominent part. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Ft Sam Houston, Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Keeling, JH (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Ft Sam Houston, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0733-8635 J9 DERMATOL CLIN JI Dermatol. Clin. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 17 IS 1 BP 209 EP + DI 10.1016/S0733-8635(05)70078-4 PG 27 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 162VV UT WOS:000078368400014 PM 9987004 ER PT S AU Albert, M Cragin, J Leggett, D AF Albert, M Cragin, J Leggett, D BE Dubey, AC Harvey, JF Broach, JT Dugan, RE TI Modeling explosive vapor transport through porous media SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS IV, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets IV Conference CY APR 05-09, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE vapor transport; explosives; UXO; advection; diffusion; modeling ID FIRN AB The detection of buried mines is important to both the military and to civilians, and the possibility of chemical detection may provide a more definitive identification. Understanding the transport of explosive vapors through soil or snow is a major step in the detection problem. In cold regions, the presence of freezing ground or a snow cover complicates the situation, yet also may provide temporary storage of the explosive, potentially leading to opportunities for more optimal sensing conditions later. This paper discusses preliminary work towards adapting an existing two-dimensional heat, mass, and chemical vapor transport model to the problem of explosives transport. The model, originally developed for simulating heat and mass transport through snow and firn under a variety of meteorological conditions, shows promise for simulating explosives vapor transport for buried mines. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3184-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 1999 VL 3710 BP 283 EP 289 DI 10.1117/12.357049 PN 1&2 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BN59G UT WOS:000082322300028 ER PT S AU Koh, G Arcone, SA AF Koh, G Arcone, SA BE Dubey, AC Harvey, JF Broach, JT Dugan, RE TI Radar detection of simulant mines buried in frozen ground SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS IV, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets IV Conference CY APR 05-09, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE mine detection; frozen ground; simulant mines; FMCW radar; impulse radar AB We are investigating the environmental effects on radar detection of simulant mines (SIMs). SIMs are standard test targets developed by the US Army Project Manager-Mines, Countermine and Demolitions, and VSE Corporation for testing and evaluation of mine detection equipment. These test targets are filled with RTV silicone rubber, which has similar dielectric properties as TNT and Composition B. Therefore, they interact with radar sensors in a way representative of live mines. We are using broadband frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) and impulse radars to obtain signatures of SIMs buried under controlled laboratory conditions and at a test site instrumented with sensors to monitor the state of the ground. We find that anti-tank SIMs buried in frozen soil, in our case a common, silty sand (screened loam), are easy to detect. The dominant resonances induced within SIMs by a broadbeam, 1.5 GHz impulse radar are off-nadir responses that appear unique and not predictable by simple ray theories of diffraction. A narrow beam, 2-6 GHz bandwidth FMCW radar induced reflections from the top and bottom of SIMs that were clearly resolved due to the broad bandwidth of the FMCW radar. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Koh, G (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3184-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3710 BP 749 EP 755 DI 10.1117/12.357096 PN 1&2 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BN59G UT WOS:000082322300075 ER PT S AU Davison, A Cookmeyer, D AF Davison, A Cookmeyer, D BE Dubey, AC Harvey, JF Broach, JT Dugan, RE TI An expanded approach to mine detection SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS IV, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets IV Conference CY APR 05-09, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE C1 USA, Res Lab, Human Res & Engn Directorate, Ft Leonardwood Field Ele, MO 65473 USA. RP Davison, A (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Human Res & Engn Directorate, Ft Leonardwood Field Ele, MO 65473 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3184-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3710 BP 758 EP 765 DI 10.1117/12.357097 PN 1&2 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BN59G UT WOS:000082322300076 ER PT S AU Vause, NL Letowski, TR Ferguson, LG Mermagen, TJ AF Vause, NL Letowski, TR Ferguson, LG Mermagen, TJ BE Dubey, AC Harvey, JF Broach, JT Dugan, RE TI Auditory issues in hand-held landmine detectors SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS IV, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets IV Conference CY APR 05-09, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE ID DISCRIMINATION; ATTENTION AB Most handheld landmine detection systems use tones or other simple acoustic signals to provide detector information to the operator. Such signals are not necessarily the best carriers of information about the characteristics of hidden objects. To be effective, the auditory signals must present the information in a manner that the operator can comfortably and efficiently interpret under stress and high mental load. The signals must also preserve their audibility and specific properties in various adverse acoustic environments. This paper will present several issues on optimizing the audio display interface between the operator and machine. C1 USA, Res Lab, Human Res & Engn Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Vause, NL (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Human Res & Engn Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3184-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3710 BP 778 EP 786 DI 10.1117/12.357099 PN 1&2 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BN59G UT WOS:000082322300078 ER PT S AU Maksymonko, G Le, N AF Maksymonko, G Le, N BE Dubey, AC Harvey, JF Broach, JT Dugan, RE TI A performance comparison of standoff minefield detection algorithms using thermal IR image data SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS IV, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets IV Conference CY APR 05-09, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE thermal IR sensors; anti-tank mines; mine detection; diurnal mine signature AB The US Army has a major interest in the development of an airborne system capable of detecting surface and buried anti-tank mines under all-weather, day/night conditions. While the hardware components are essentially an airborne reconnaissance system generating high resolution image data, it is the processing algorithm which provides the mine/minefield detection capability. During the spring and summer of 1997, flight tests of several minefield detection systems were conducted at Ft. Huachuca, AZ. The systems tested represented three major technology approaches, namely passive thermal IR (8 - 14 mu), active near IR (.85 mu) laser imager for polarization based discrimination and hyperspectral. Image data generated by these sensors were recorded to tape or other media and subsequently processed using various minefield detection algorithm approaches. C1 USA, CECOM, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, RDEC, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Maksymonko, G (reprint author), USA, CECOM, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, RDEC, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3184-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3710 BP 852 EP 863 DI 10.1117/12.357107 PN 1&2 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BN59G UT WOS:000082322300085 ER PT S AU Nguyen, L Kappra, K Wong, D Ressler, M Sichina, J AF Nguyen, L Kappra, K Wong, D Ressler, M Sichina, J BE Dubey, AC Harvey, JF Broach, JT Dugan, RE TI Mine detection performance in different soil conditions using data from an ultra-wideband wide-area surveillance radar SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS IV, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets IV Conference CY APR 05-09, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE ultra-wideband radar; ground-penetrating radar; SAR; automatic target detection; mine detection; phenomenology; computational electromagnetics AB The U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ART), as part of customer and mission-funded applied research programs, has been evaluating the use of low-frequency, ultra-wideband (UWB) imaging radar to detect fields of buried mines. An instrumentation-grade measurement system has been designed and implemented by ARL. Four data collection campaigns in support of ground-penetrating (GPEN) radar objectives have led to the establishment of a significant and unique database of radar imagery. We are using these data to develop mine-detection algorithms that can aid an operator in separating mines from background clutter. This paper reviews recent findings and results from ARL's modeling, phenomenology, and algorithm. development efforts. At SPIE'98, we reported on the performance of a physics-based mine-detection algorithm using data collected at Yuma Proving Ground (YPG) in January 1996. Subsequent measurements were made using the ARL BoomSAR at YPG in October 1997, January 1998, and June 1998. Most of the mines from the January 1996 experiment were still in place during the 1997/1998 experiments. Additional mines and unexploded ordnance (UXO) were added to the YPG test after the January 1996 experiment, This paper discusses the difference in soil conditions from these data collections and the impact that may have on a mine's radar cross section (RCS) and detection performance. Detection results for M20 mines under different soil conditions will be shown. The detection algorithm invokes phenomenologically sound features that exploit the expected mine RCS, texture,frequency dependent scattering, and model-based image correlation. Performance assessments, in terms of receiver operating characteristics (ROC), detail the detection capabilities at various false alarm rates. Finally, new imagery will be presented that shows the positive contrast of low metal content above dielectric background. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Nguyen, L (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3184-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3710 BP 930 EP 941 DI 10.1117/12.357113 PN 1&2 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BN59G UT WOS:000082322300092 ER PT S AU Tan, RJ Bender, RL Stratton, SR AF Tan, RJ Bender, RL Stratton, SR BE Dubey, AC Harvey, JF Broach, JT Dugan, RE TI Synthetic aperture interferometric microwave radiometry for remote sensing of mines SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS IV, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets IV Conference CY APR 05-09, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE AB A study was conducted for the use of a synthetic aperture interferometric radiometer (SAIR) for mine detection at near-field ranges using a two-element, 1.4-GHz laboratory prototype. Images are presented of an aluminum plate buried at different depths, generated using a backprojection technique. The parameters required for mine detection are also discussed. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Tan, RJ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3184-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3710 BP 1003 EP 1014 DI 10.1117/12.357120 PN 1&2 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BN59G UT WOS:000082322300099 ER PT S AU DeLuca, C Marinelli, V Ressler, M Ton, T AF DeLuca, C Marinelli, V Ressler, M Ton, T BE Dubey, AC Harvey, JF Broach, JT Dugan, RE TI Unexploded ordnance detection experiments at extensive, fully ground-truthed test sites at Yuma Proving Ground and Eglin AFB SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS IV, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets IV Conference CY APR 05-09, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE unexploded ordnance; ground-penetrating radar; synthetic aperture radar; ultrawideband; BoomSAR AB The U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL), under the sponsorship of the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP), is conducting experiments to establish and enhance the ability of low-frequency, ultrawideband (UWB) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) to detect and discriminate unexploded ordnance (UXO). Preliminary investigations using ARL's BoomSAR-a UWB (50-1200 MHz) radar mounted atop a mobile boom lift platform-concluded that the radar image texture and frequency-dependent scattering from mines and mine-like targets could be exploited in the development of automatic target detection algorithms. To support further investigations, ARL established extensive UXO test sites at the U.S. Army Yuma Proving Ground, Arizona, and Eglin AFB, Florida. The soils at both test sites have been characterized in terms of physical, chemical, and electromagnetic properties. Precise location, depth, and orientation information was recorded for each of the approximately 500 inert ordnance test targets at each site. This information helps researchers to better understand the phenomenology associated with UXO target scattering and to more accurately evaluate and modify data processing programs. The ultimate goal is to develop innovative automatic target detection algorithms that provide a high probability of detection with an acceptable false-alarm rate under varying environmental conditions and operational scenarios. This paper presents details on the design and characterization of the two test sites and some initial results from BoomSAR data collections. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, SE,SS, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP DeLuca, C (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, SE,SS, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3184-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3710 BP 1025 EP 1034 DI 10.1117/12.357121 PN 1&2 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BN59G UT WOS:000082322300101 ER PT S AU Ballato, A AF Ballato, A BE Nair, KM Bhalla, AS TI Resonant strain levels in modern ceramic plate actuators SO DIELECTRIC CERAMIC MATERIALS SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY MAY 03-06, 1998 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP Amer Ceram Soc ID PIEZOELECTRIC QUARTZ CRYSTALS; LIQUID AB Ceramic actuators driven piezoelectrically are used in a wide variety of modern applications such as in optical modulators, microtransducers, and certain types of resonant acoustic sensors and cellular radio control elements. For these uses it is necessary or desirable to know the maximum mechanical amplitudes obtainable, and how these are limited by the various internal dissipation mechanisms such as internal conduction, dielectric loss, and acoustic viscosity. For poled ceramics, the displacement amplitude may exceed 100 Angstrom per volt at VHF frequencies. The analysis also shows that the unavoidable interfacial stresses existing between the plate surfaces and the exciting electrodes can become exceedingly large at the frequencies commonly used for frequency control of cellular communications. C1 USA, Commun Elect Command, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Ballato, A (reprint author), USA, Commun Elect Command, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-066-1 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 1999 VL 100 BP 443 EP 454 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BN02V UT WOS:000080432300043 ER PT B AU Adams, WJ Jansen, BJ Smith, T AF Adams, WJ Jansen, BJ Smith, T BE Aparac, T Saracevic, T Ingwersen, P Vakkari, P TI Planning, building, and using a distributed digital library SO DIGITAL LIBRARIES: INTERDISCIPLINARY CONCEPTS, CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES, COLIS3 PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Conceptions of Library and Information Science CY MAY 23-26, 1999 CL DUBROVNIK, CROATIA SP Univ Zagreb, Dept Informat Sci, Fac Philosophy, Univ Tampere, Dept Informat Sci, Royal Sch Lib & Informat Sci, Rutgers Univ, Sch Commun Informat & Lib Studies, Amer Soc Informat Sci, Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Lib & Informat Sci, Int Fed Informat & Documentat, Inter Univ Ctr, Croatian Minist Sci & Technol AB There have been many reports on the construction of digital libraries. We find three shortcomings in many of these reports. (1) They Fail to articulate the organizational need for a digital library. (2) They ignore the important operational details in establishing the library, including the end user classroom. (3) They fail to provide any quantitative data concerning the ability of the digital library to deliver multimedia files, a primary objective of digital libraries. In this paper, we discuss the U.S. Army's Army Training Digital library as a necessary component of the Army Distance Learning Plan. As we are well on our way to implementing this plan, we present lessons learned from the project so far, specifically in the areas of classroom construction and results from experiments with delivering multimedia files. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept EE & CS, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Adams, WJ (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept EE & CS, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BENJA PUBLISHING PI LOKVE PA POB 51316, LOKVE, CROATIA BN 953-6003-37-6 PY 1999 BP 297 EP 301 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Information Science & Library Science SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science GA BR38V UT WOS:000166277000024 ER PT S AU Sarkar, SP Richardson, P Sieh, L AF Sarkar, SP Richardson, P Sieh, L BE Suresh, R TI Towards consistent snapshot of the digitized battlefield SO DIGITIZATION OF THE BATTLESPACE IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Digitization of the Battlespace IV CY APR 07-08, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE digitization; snapshot; consistent; global; behavior AB A battlefield can be viewed as a collection of entities, enemy and friendly. During combat, each entity scans its surrounding with local sensors to be aware of the current situation Through digitization of the battlefield, it is possible to share this locally sensed information among all the friendly entities. Significant war-fighting advantages can be realized, if this shared information is consistent. During one of the soldier-in-the-loop simulation exercises involving ground-based enemy and friendly entities, it was found that achieving consistent snapshot at each friendly node is not a trivial problem. A few contributing factors are: suitable method for combining individual perspective to a global one, mode of communication, movement of all entities, different local perspective of each entity, sensor calibration, fault, and clock synchronization. At the U.S. Army VETRONICS Technology Center, we are in the process of developing a family of algorithms capable of obtaining a consistent global picture involving one of the critical properties, ground position of entities. In the first stage we have established that for point to point communicating entities, a vector clock based scheme uses fewer number of messages and arrives at the global picture earlier. However, this result does not scale to broadcast situations. C1 USA, TARDEC, AMSTRA TR R, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Sarkar, SP (reprint author), USA, TARDEC, AMSTRA TR R, Warren, MI 48397 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3183-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3709 BP 76 EP 83 DI 10.1117/12.351596 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Optics; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Optics; Telecommunications GA BN40N UT WOS:000081827100009 ER PT S AU Richardson, P Sarkar, S AF Richardson, P Sarkar, S BE Suresh, R TI Scheduling real-time messages in combat vehicle LANs SO DIGITIZATION OF THE BATTLESPACE IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Digitization of the Battlespace IV CY APR 07-08, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE real-time systems; mission critical systems; local area networks AB The emergence of LAN architectures in Combat Vehicle computer systems is part of an emerging new class of LAN systems. These systems operate in harsh, non-deterministic environments, and are expected to sustain faults and continue operating. The computer systems perform dual functions of system control and real-time information exchange. The LANs in these systems have a hybrid message set consisting of vehicle control messages with crisply defined time constraints and real-time information with vaguely defined time constraints. Among platforms of this type, we find combat vehicles of all types, systems involved in the clean up of hazardous materials, space vehicles, and special anti-terrorist vehicles. We present the Adaptive Earliest Deadline First (AEDF) scheduling algorithm and a benefit metric for measuring performance. The AEDF scheduler was developed for the message sets found in combat vehicle LANs. This scheduler guarantees 100% of message time constraints under nominal conditions and optimizes scheduling under overload conditions induced by faults. The benefit metric provides an accurate means of evaluating scheduler performance based on message importance, timeliness and state. C1 USA, Tank Automat Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Richardson, P (reprint author), USA, Tank Automat Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3183-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3709 BP 138 EP 148 DI 10.1117/12.351602 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Optics; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Optics; Telecommunications GA BN40N UT WOS:000081827100016 ER PT B AU Mael, FA AF Mael, FA BE Fletemeyer, JR Freas, SJ TI Racial variations in drowning: Cultural or biological? SO DROWNING: NEW PERSPECTIVES ON INTERVENTION AND PREVENTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Drowning - New Perspectives on Intervention and Prevention CY MAY, 1996 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FL ID WHITES; BLACKS C1 USA, Res Inst, Alexandria, VA USA. NR 47 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 1-57444-223-6 PY 1999 BP 43 EP 57 PG 15 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA BM91Y UT WOS:000080120800004 ER PT B AU Keshlear, B AF Keshlear, B BE Fletemeyer, JR Freas, SJ TI Drowning intervention: An Army Corps of Engineers perspective SO DROWNING: NEW PERSPECTIVES ON INTERVENTION AND PREVENTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Drowning - New Perspectives on Intervention and Prevention CY MAY, 1996 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FL C1 USA, Corps Engineers, S Athlantic Div, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 1-57444-223-6 PY 1999 BP 165 EP 175 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA BM91Y UT WOS:000080120800010 ER PT J AU Chang, HY AF Chang, HY TI Applications of an acute assessment methodology used for combustion facilities SO DRUG AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1998 Tri-Service/EPA/ATSDR Toxicology Conference on Issues and Applications in Toxicology and Risk Assessment CY APR 27-30, 1998 CL WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB, OHIO SP Air Force Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Operat Toxicol AB Two approaches for evaluating potential health impact from short-term (I hour) inhalation exposure to air emissions from combustion facilities are presented: This information was included as part of the health risk assessment (HRA) conducted for each proposed facility in conjunction with regulatory requirements for obtaining an operating permit. Since the facilities being evaluated have either not yet been constructed or are not yet operational, air concentrations (particulate and vapor) must first be estimated using data from similar and operational facilities. A chemical's modeled air concentration was then compared to its acute toxicity value (ATV) selected from established Occupational Exposure Limits (OEL) or acute toxicity databases, if available. Analogous to the current USEPA approach for estimating noncancer health effects, acute hazard quotients (AHQs) were summed and compared to a level of one. When the summation of the AHQs exceeded unity, the chemicals were separated by target organ and health effects based on acute exposures. The author recognizes that the use of OELs has its limitations. However, due to the lack of acute toxicity data and the advantage of the completeness of the databases for OELs, this approach may be the best way to evaluate for acute health concerns for the more than 70 compounds that may be emitted from these facilities. C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Chang, HY (reprint author), USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, 5158 Blackhawk Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0148-0545 J9 DRUG CHEM TOXICOL JI Drug Chem. Toxicol. PY 1999 VL 22 IS 1 BP 25 EP 39 DI 10.3109/01480549909029722 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 173RY UT WOS:000078994600005 PM 10189569 ER PT J AU Walter, MA AF Walter, MA TI A computer program for conducting incinerator risk assessments SO DRUG AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1998 Tri-Service/EPA/ATSDR Toxicology Conference on Issues and Applications in Toxicology and Risk Assessment CY APR 27-30, 1998 CL WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB, OHIO SP Air Force Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Operat Toxicol AB In 1994, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) developed a Screening methodology for conducting indirect exposure risk assessments for combustion facilities. The United States Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine currently utilizes this methodology in conjunction with other USEPA guidance documents to perform human health risk assessments (HHRAs). The HHRAs require the development of complex human health models using spreadsheet software packages which estimate various media concentrations of contaminants in the environment. Since the quality assurance/quality control procedures associated with verifying the model's results are extremely time consuming, a computer program was developed using Microsoft Excel(R) to minimize the amount of time needed. This discussion describes the 6 steps taken in developing this computer program, which are: (1) understanding the problem; (2) establishing the structure of each table in the spreadsheets; (3) developing an algorithm to solve the problem; (4) writing code; (5) running the program; and (6) testing the results. The automated process of having the computer predict health risk and hazards for each potentially exposed individual saves a tremendous amount of time because each calculated value is placed in the correct spreadsheet cell location. In addition to the time needed to develop human health spreadsheets, this program also minimizes the potential for reducing human error. C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Edgewood Area, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Walter, MA (reprint author), USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Edgewood Area, 5158 Blackhawk Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0148-0545 J9 DRUG CHEM TOXICOL JI Drug Chem. Toxicol. PY 1999 VL 22 IS 1 BP 213 EP 220 DI 10.3109/01480549909029733 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 173RY UT WOS:000078994600016 PM 10189580 ER PT J AU Logan, TP Millard, CB Shutz, M Schulz, SM Lee, RB Bongiovanni, R AF Logan, TP Millard, CB Shutz, M Schulz, SM Lee, RB Bongiovanni, R TI Cutaneous uptake of C-14-HD vapor by the hairless guinea pig SO DRUG AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SULFUR MUSTARD; EXPOSURE; SKIN AB The hairless guinea pig (HGP) is used by our laboratory to model the human cutaneous response to sulfur mustard (HD), bis(2-chloroethylsulfide), exposure. We determined the HD content in the skin of HGP after a 7-min exposure to vapors saturated with a mixture of HD and C-14-HD. Concentration/time (C-T) values in the range of 2 mu g/cm(2)/min were determined by counting skin C-14 disintegrations per min (dpm) in animals euthanized immediately after exposure. These values are similar to human penetration rates obtained by other investigators. A rate curve monitoring the reduction in skirt C-14 dpm was developed for animals euthanized between 0 and 24 hp post-exposure. This curve showed the greatest change after I hr. The epidermal (62%) to dermal (38%) ratio of C-14 at 24 hr was measured for two animals. We saw no site preference for HD penetration among the 8 sites used. The C-14 content of template adhesive tape was determined to follow HD distribution. These results contribute to a better understanding of the cutaneous response to HD in the HGP model. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, MCMR UV DB, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Logan, TP (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, MCMR UV DB, 3100 Ricketts Point Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0148-0545 J9 DRUG CHEM TOXICOL JI Drug Chem. Toxicol. PY 1999 VL 22 IS 2 BP 375 EP 387 DI 10.3109/01480549909017841 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 191WZ UT WOS:000080045700004 PM 10234473 ER PT B AU Bailey, DM Adiguzel, I AF Bailey, DM Adiguzel, I BE Lacasse, MA Vainer, DJ TI Improvement opportunities in roofing assets management: Experience from the US Army SO DURABILITY OF BUILDING MATERIALS AND COMPONENTS 8, VOLS 1-4, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Durability of Building Materials and Components (8dbmc) CY MAY 30-JUN 03, 1999 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Canadian Wood Council, Stand Council Canada, AGRA Earth & Environm, Canadian Portland Cement Assoc, Georgia Inst Technol, ACBM, Forintek Canada Corp, Kungl Tekniska Hogskolan, Public Works & Govt Serv Canada, Natl Res Council Canada DE roofing systems; asset management; service life performance AB The Army maintains approximately 170,000 buildings at installations located all over the world. The roofing inventory that protects these buildings comprises a variety of materials and systems. The funds spent annually by the Army to repair and replace roofs make up thirteen percent of its overall building maintenance and repair (M&R) budget. This paper discusses current Army business practices for roof management, investigates technology needs and recommends solutions for bridging existing gaps through proposed process changes and research efforts. C1 USA, Construct Engn Res Lab, Champaign, IL 61824 USA. RP Bailey, DM (reprint author), USA, Construct Engn Res Lab, Champaign, IL 61824 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON KIA OR6, CANADA BN 0-660-17737-4 PY 1999 BP 1193 EP 1202 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Materials Science GA BS07P UT WOS:000168560400111 ER PT B AU Griffith, ED Hicks, DK McGraw, KD Case, MP AF Griffith, ED Hicks, DK McGraw, KD Case, MP BE Lacasse, MA Vainer, DJ TI Towards model-based design - A case study: The Modular Design System SO DURABILITY OF BUILDING MATERIALS AND COMPONENTS 8, VOLS 1-4, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Durability of Building Materials and Components (8dbmc) CY MAY 30-JUN 03, 1999 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Canadian Wood Council, Stand Council Canada, AGRA Earth & Environm, Canadian Portland Cement Assoc, Georgia Inst Technol, ACBM, Forintek Canada Corp, Kungl Tekniska Hogskolan, Public Works & Govt Serv Canada, Natl Res Council Canada DE model based design; facility design; object-oriented modeling; design criteria capture and reuse; integration framework; construction document production; computer aided design (CAD); industry foundation classes (IFC) AB The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers has developed a tool called the Modular Design System (A IDS) to assist design professionals in the processes of planning, design, and construction document preparation for repetitive facility types. The use of early versions of MDS has demonstrated a reduction in time by nearly two-thirds typically required to design and award a construction contract. Initially developed to support Army Reserve Training Centers, the US Army Corps plans to expand its use over a wider range of repetitive facility types. The current implementation is a hybrid document/model approach consisting of electronic drawings linked by an external database. Data consistency issues associated with this architecture limit its scalability. To meet expanded requirements, the US Army Corps is developing a model based information approach utilizing emerging commercially available object based CAD systems. This redesigned information infrastructure marks a fundamental change from an implicit to an explicit model-based representation. Three key capabilities make MDS a powerful tool. First, the ability to capture and muse corporate design criteria at the architectural function level. Second, it provides an integration framework for engineering analysis. Third, it manages and integrates the contract document production. The underlying MDS information infrastructure will move towards a model based approach. Future work will focus on collaborative processes such as conflict resolution and design review. Additionally, MDS offers the opportunity to transfer an information rich model downstream to operations and maintenance. C1 USA, Construct Engn Res Lab, Champaign, IL 61824 USA. RP Griffith, ED (reprint author), USA, Construct Engn Res Lab, Champaign, IL 61824 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON KIA OR6, CANADA BN 0-660-17737-4 PY 1999 BP 2579 EP 2589 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Materials Science GA BS07P UT WOS:000168560400247 ER PT S AU Segars, RA Piscitelle, L AF Segars, RA Piscitelle, L BE Drake, JM Grest, GS Klafter, J Kopelman, R TI Material selection and layered assembly for shock wave attenuation SO DYNAMICS IN SMALL CONFINING SYSTEMS IV SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Dynamics in Small Confining Systems IV at the 1998 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 30-DEC 03, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB Theoretical models and experimental data taken primarily from the literature provide predictive capabilities of the sound speed in porous materials and hence their acoustic impedance can be determined. Applying the acoustic approximation (weak discontinuity) at the interfaces of the porous material along with an attenuation model describing conditions within the porous system good fits to shock tube data on an elastomeric foam and on layers of kevlar were obtained. C1 USA, Soldier & Biol Chem Command, Soldier Syst Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Segars, RA (reprint author), USA, Soldier & Biol Chem Command, Soldier Syst Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-449-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1999 VL 543 BP 269 EP 273 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA BN44H UT WOS:000081934600037 ER PT J AU Wang, P Kraus, NC AF Wang, P Kraus, NC TI Horizontal water trap for measurement of aeolian sand transport SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Article DE aeolian sand transport; wind-blown sand; aeolian sand trap; sediment transport; Padre Island; Texas ID FIELD USE; DESIGN AB A new type of horizontal trap was developed for measuring the aeolian sand transport rate on a flat surface. The trap consists of an adjustable frame that is embedded level with the sand surface, into which a plastic liner is installed and filled with water to capture the blown sand. The water trap has high efficiency and does not disturb the wind field or induce upwind scour. Deployment on Padre Island, Texas, indicated that this portable and adjustable trap catches and retains all the sand blown into it, even under relatively strong wind. Copyright (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Inst Coastal Studies, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Wang, P (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Inst Coastal Studies, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. NR 21 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0197-9337 J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 24 IS 1 BP 65 EP 70 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9837(199901)24:1<65::AID-ESP951>3.0.CO;2-O PG 6 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 159NA UT WOS:000078214600005 ER PT B AU Perlea, VG Koester, JP Prakash, S AF Perlea, VG Koester, JP Prakash, S BE SecoePinto, PS TI How liquefiable are cohesive soils? SO EARTHQUAKE GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering CY JUN 21-25, 1999 CL LISBON, PORTUGAL SP Portuguese Soc Geotech, Int Soc Soil Mech & Geotech Engn, Natl Lab Civil Engn ID LIQUEFACTION; EARTHQUAKES AB Although most clayey soils are not vulnerable to liquefaction during earthquakes, certain types of clayey materials, that meet the so-called "Chinese Criteria", are susceptible to significant strength loss during seismic action. If for sandy soils there are currently reliable procedures to determine the level of shaking intensity that may trigger liquefaction and their post-liquefaction residual strength, there are not widely accepted criteria for quantifying clayey soil behavior under seismic loading. Prudent engineering practice requires more conservatism in seismic design when cohesive soils meeting the "Chinese Criteria" are present in the foundation of structures than in respect to sandy soils, although sandy soils are recognized as more susceptible to triggering of liquefaction. The authors summarize some data in literature and findings of their research in an attempt to lowering the degree of conservatism in dealing with cohesive soils subjected to earthquake shaking. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Kansas City, MO USA. RP USA, Corps Engineers, Kansas City, MO USA. NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5809-116-3 PY 1999 BP 611 EP 618 PG 8 WC Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA BN39V UT WOS:000081784700099 ER PT B AU Barnes, MJ AF Barnes, MJ GP IEEE IEEE TI Modeling and visualizing the future: The human element of visionary processes SO ECBS '99, IEEE CONFERENCE AND WORKSHOP ON ENGINEERING OF COMPUTER-BASED SYSTEMS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Conference and Workshop on Engineering of Computer-Based Systems CY MAR 07-12, 1999 CL NASHVILLE, TN SP IEEE Engn Comp Based Syst Tecn Comm C1 USA, Res Lab, Ft Huachuca, AZ USA. RP Barnes, MJ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Ft Huachuca, AZ USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-0028-5 PY 1999 BP 320 EP 320 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BM73K UT WOS:000079623700042 ER PT B AU Pakhomov, AG Prol, KH Mathur, SP Akyel, Y AF Pakhomov, AG Prol, KH Mathur, SP Akyel, Y BE Bersani, F TI Search for the effect of millimeter waves on synaptic processes in the central nervous system SO ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd World Congress for Electricity and Magnetism in Biology and Medicine CY JUN 08-13, 1997 CL BOLOGNA, ITALY SP Alcatel, Alza, Cent Res Inst Elect Power Ind, Elect Power Res Inst, ENEL, Ericsson, Forsch Gemeinschaft Fnuk e V, IGEA, Motorola, Nokia, Omnitel Pronto Italia, Telecom Italia, Telcom Italia Mobile, USAF, Armstrong Lab, US DOE, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, US Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci ID RADIATION C1 USA, Med Res Detachment, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Pakhomov, AG (reprint author), USA, Med Res Detachment, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46041-6 PY 1999 BP 971 EP 974 PG 4 WC Biophysics; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Biophysics; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BP38D UT WOS:000084928800233 ER PT S AU Kroutil, RT Combs, RJ Knapp, RB AF Kroutil, RT Combs, RJ Knapp, RB BE Fallahi, M Nordstrom, RJ Todd, TR TI Diagnostic computer program for FT-IR spectrometry SO ELECTRO-OPTIC, INTEGRATED OPTIC, AND ELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGIES FOR ONLINE CHEMICAL PROCESS MONITORING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Electro-Optic, Integrated Optic, and Electronic Technologies for Online Chemical Process Monitoring CY NOV 02-05, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE infrared spectrometry; data analysis; instrumental stability ID INTERFEROGRAMS; STABILITY AB Diagnostic computer programs permit the evaluation of FT-IR spectrometer thermal, spectral, and interferogram stability. Raw interferogram data is required under four conditions: (1) equal time increments, (2) error code detection, (3) interferogram centerburst thershold change, and (4) user request. Collection of raw interferogram data furnishes a robust means of detection and identification of various instabilities that occur in passive FT-IR spectrometers. C1 USA, Edgewood Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Kroutil, RT (reprint author), USA, Edgewood Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2998-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3537 BP 187 EP 197 DI 10.1117/12.341032 PG 11 WC Engineering, Chemical; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BM82C UT WOS:000079845600021 ER PT J AU Brotherston, ID Mudigonda, DSK Osborn, JM Belk, J Chen, J Loveday, DC Boehme, JL Ferraris, JP Meeker, DL AF Brotherston, ID Mudigonda, DSK Osborn, JM Belk, J Chen, J Loveday, DC Boehme, JL Ferraris, JP Meeker, DL TI Tailoring the electrochromic properties of devices via polymer blends, copolymers, laminates and patterns SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Meeting on Electrochromics (IME-3) CY SEP 07-09, 1998 CL IMPERIAL COLL, LONDON, ENGLAND HO IMPERIAL COLL DE electrochromic; polymer; blends; copolymers; patterns; laminates ID FILMS AB The ability to tune colour constitutes an important goal in the design of electrochromic devices. The majority of single electrochromic materials, whether inorganic or organic have a very narrow spectral colour change, however. Complex colours such as browns and tans that mimic natural vegetation and soils are not inherent to these materials. We have explored several strategies to achieve these colours including the use of copolymers that contain two distinct moieties. blends of polymers that have different colour changes, laminating two different polymers on the working electrode, and using fine patterns of two different materials to confuse the eye. We have constructed solid state electrochromic devices using ITO/Mylar substrates, a solid polymer electrolyte, a V2O5 counterelectrode and working electrodes that were made via one of the four methods outlined above. The colour changes of these devices were measured using spectrocolourimetry conforming to the CIE standard. The colour changes observed were similar to those of natural vegetation and soils. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Chem, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Ferraris, JP (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Chem, M-S BE 26,POB 830688, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. NR 20 TC 77 Z9 78 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-4686 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PY 1999 VL 44 IS 18 BP 2993 EP 3004 DI 10.1016/S0013-4686(99)00014-6 PG 12 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 205PV UT WOS:000080830500004 ER PT B AU Schmaljohn, C Kamrud, K Hooper, J AF Schmaljohn, C Kamrud, K Hooper, J BE Saluzzo, JF Dodet, B TI Recombinant DNA vaccines for hantaviruses SO EMERGENCE AND CONTROL OF RODENT-BORNE VIRAL DISEASES (HANTAVIRAL AND ARENAL DISEASES): EMERGING DISEASES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Symposium on Emerging Diseases CY OCT 28-31, 1998 CL ANNECY LE VIEUX, FRANCE SP Marcel Merieux Fdn DE DNA-based methodology; gene delivery; vaccines; hantaviruses ID SEMLIKI-FOREST-VIRUS; SINDBIS VIRUS; NUCLEOCAPSID PROTEIN; EXPRESSION VECTORS; ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; ENVELOPE PROTEIN; PUUMALA-VIRUS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; GENE-EXPRESSION AB Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is caused by viruses in the Hantavirus genus, family Bunyaviridae. HFRS is characterized by renal insufficiency, vascular permeability and shock, which can lead to death. Currently, four distinct hantaviruses are known to cause HFRS: Hantaan virus (HTNV), isolated from Apodemus agrarius (striped field mouse); Seoul virus (SEOV), isolated from Rattus norvegicus (rat); Dobrava-Belgrade virus (DOBV), isolated from Apodemus flavicollis (yellow-necked mouse); and Puumala virus (PUUV), isolated from Clethrionomys glareolus (bank vole). HERS caused by HTNV or SEOV occurs primarily in Asia, and HFRS caused by PUUV or DOBV occurs mostly in Western Russia, Europe and Scandinavia. Because each hantavirus is usually carried and transmitted by a specific rodent, the etiology of HERS is restricted by the distribution of the carrier rodent. Consequently, HFRS caused by SEOV could occur anywhere in the world (because Rattus norvegicus is found worldwide). Likewise, Clethrionmys species are found throughout much of Europe and Asia, thus PUUV-associated HFRS might occur in regions where it has not yet been reported. Other hantaviruses of unknown pathogenicity are also found in endemic HERS regions. These include Thottapalayam virus, Tula virus and Khabarovsk virus. It is likely that other pathogenic hantaviruses remain to be discovered. Considering the ubiquity of hantaviruses and rodents in nature, controlling disease by limiting human exposure would be difficult. Vaccination offers the best opportunity for preventing HFRS. A number of traditional inactivated vaccines for HFRS have been developed in Asia. These include both cell culture-derived and rodent brain-derived vaccines. Drawbacks associated with producing such vaccines include: lot-to-lot variability. the need for Biosafety level-3 manufacturing, the possibility of incomplete inactivation of infectivity, and concerns over residual culture-substrate contaminants, especially in rodent brain-derived vaccines Recombinant DNA-based vaccines avoid many of these problems. Additionally, such vaccines are amenable to rapid formulation of multivalent immunogens. In this paper, we review the current knowledge of factors important for eliciting protective immunity to hantaviruses and compare five recombinant DNA systems that we have examined as platforms for hantaviral vaccines. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Schmaljohn, C (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES ET MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23, RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE BN 2-84299-114-1 PY 1999 BP 163 EP 173 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology; Virology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology; Virology GA BP90S UT WOS:000086564100018 ER PT S AU Pham, J Simonis, G Pamulapati, J Lawler, B Shen, H Liu, J Chang, W Newman, P Taysing-Lara, M Koley, B Dagenais, M AF Pham, J Simonis, G Pamulapati, J Lawler, B Shen, H Liu, J Chang, W Newman, P Taysing-Lara, M Koley, B Dagenais, M BE Pirich, AR Taylor, EW TI 8x8 arrays of VCSEL/CMOS and photodetectors optoelectronic interconnects SO ENABLING PHOTONIC TECHNOLOGIES FOR AEROSPACE APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Enabling Photonic Technologies for Aerospace Applications CY APR 05-06, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE optoelectronic interconnects; VCSEL; photodetectors; CMOS AB We demonstrate an optoelectronic interconnect based on an 8 x 8 array of Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers (VCSEL), an 8 x 8 array of photodetectors, and a single compound lens. The substrate-emitting VCSEL array and back-illuminated photodetector array were flip-chip bonded to a CMOS driver circuit and a Si fan-out pad array, respectively The CMOS driver provides laser addressing, signal conditioning and modulation current. in this paper we will describe the interconnect configuration, device structures and characteristics, and CMOS driver circuits. We then discuss the system operation and performance. C1 USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Pham, J (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3188-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3714 BP 24 EP 30 DI 10.1117/12.354688 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BN70A UT WOS:000082636100003 ER PT B AU Klausmeier, ME Yoon, J AF Klausmeier, ME Yoon, J BE Schafran, GC TI Characterization of the fate and transport of nitroaromatic compounds at a former DoD ordnance depot site SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 1999 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASCE-CSCE National Conference on Environmental Engineering CY JUL 25-28, 1999 CL NORFOLK, VA SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Div Environm Engn, Canadian Soc Civil Engn, Div Environm Engn, US EPA, URS Greiner Woodward Clyde, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Norfolk Branch, Hampton Roads Sanitat Dist, City Norfolk Dept Utilit, Environm Assessment Assoc, Int Eros Control Assoc, Natl Onsite Wastewater Recycling Assoc, SE Public Serv Authority, USN, Old Dominion Univ DE groundwater model; nitroaromatic compounds transport; site characterization AB The 975-acre Former Nansemond Ordnance Depot (FNOD) in Suffolk, Virginia was wed by the Department of Defense (DoD) from 1917 until the mid-1950's for preparation, storage, transportation inspection and demilitarization of many classes of ammunition and ordnance. Approximately 28 areas of Concern (AOC) have been identified by the EFA as areas that could pose potential risk to human health or the environment. The primary contaminants of concern are some trace metals and explosive compounds. During a summer 1987 field investigation, a slab of crystalline TNT was found which was estimated to weigh several tons. An enhanced MODFLOW model is being used to identify subsurface flow patterns. The calibrated model will be used to identify contaminant fate and transport behavior at the site. Enhancements to the MODFLOW model include an updated block-centered flow package (BCF4) and an updated recharge-seepage face boundary package (RSF4) to utilize for the FNOD site flow characterization. BCF4 package accurately delineates the water table without relying on an ad hoc rewetting procedure. This is accomplished by calculating the hydraulic head value required to transmit recharging water through the unsaturated zone without inactivating "dry" cells. The recharge-seepage face package eliminates the projection of heads above the ground surface by adjusting recharge to a cell when a user supplied pending depth is reached. Using a regional model, a telescoping grid refinement technique was implemented to calculate the boundary conditions around the area of interest and to model quantity and quality interactions between surface and subsurface water regimes in a realistic manner. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Norfolk, VA 23510 USA. RP Klausmeier, ME (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, 803 Front St, Norfolk, VA 23510 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0435-6 PY 1999 BP 330 EP 339 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BP85T UT WOS:000086435900035 ER PT S AU Snyder, AP Maswadeh, WM Parsons, JA Tripathi, A Meuzelaar, HLC Dworzanski, JP Kim, MG AF Snyder, AP Maswadeh, WM Parsons, JA Tripathi, A Meuzelaar, HLC Dworzanski, JP Kim, MG BE VoDinh, T Spellicy, RL TI Field detection of Bacillus spore aerosols with stand-alone pyrolysis-gas chromatography/ion mobility spectrometry SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Environmental Monitoring and Remediation Technologies II CY SEP 20-22, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP SPIE, Air & Waste Management Assoc, Opt Sci Div DE pyrolysis; gas chromatography; ion mobility spectrometry; Bacillus subtilis spores (BG); field biodetection; outdoor biodetection; biodetection; biological aerosols; aerosol concentrator ID BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY AB A commerciaily-available, hand-held chemical vapor detector was modified to detect Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis var. globigii spares (BG) in outdoor field scenarios. An Airborne Vapor Monitor (AVM) ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) vapor detector was interfaced to a biological sample processing and transfer introduction system. The biological sample processing was accomplished by quartz tube pyrolysis (Py), and the resultant vapor was transferred by gas chromatography (GC) to the IMS detector. The Py-GC/IMS system can be described as a hyphenated device where two analytical dimensions, in series, allow the separation and isolation of individual components from the pyrolytic decomposition of biological analytes. Gram positive spores such as BG contain 5-15% by weight of dipicolinic acid (DPA), and picolinic acid is a pyrolysis product of DPA. Picolinic acid has a high proton affinity, and it is detected in a sensitive fashion by the atmospheric pressure-based IMS device. Picolinic acid occupies a unique region in the GC/IMS data domain with respect to other bacterial pyrolysis products. A 1000 to 1, air-to-air, aerosol concentrator was interfaced to the Py-GC/IMS instrument, and the system was placed in an open-air, Western United States desert environment. The system was tested with BG spore aerosol releases, and the instrument was remotely operated during a trial. A Met-One aerosol particle counter was placed next to the Py-GC/IMS so as to obtain a real-time record of the ambient and bacterial aerosol challenges. The presence/absence of an aerosol event, determined by an aerosol particle counter and a slit sampler-agar plate system, was compared to the presence/absence of a picolinic acid response in a GC/IMS data window at selected times in a trial with respect to a BG challenge. In the 21 BG trials, the Py-GC/IMS instrument experienced two true negatives, no false positives, and the instrument developed a software failure in one trial. The remaining 18 trials were true positive determinations for the presence of BG aerosol, and a limit of detection for the Py-GC/IMS instrument was estimated at approximately 3300 BG spore-containing particles. C1 USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Snyder, AP (reprint author), USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3446-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3853 BP 122 EP 131 DI 10.1117/12.372846 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BP39N UT WOS:000084986200015 ER PT S AU Stopa, PJ Tieman, D Goon, PA Paterno, D Milton, MH AF Stopa, PJ Tieman, D Goon, PA Paterno, D Milton, MH BE VoDinh, T Spellicy, RL TI Detection of biological aerosols by luminescence techniques SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Environmental Monitoring and Remediation Technologies II CY SEP 20-22, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP SPIE, Air & Waste Management Assoc, Opt Sci Div DE aerosol detection; ATP luminescence; bacteria AB Luciferin-Luciferase (L-L) luminescence techniques were used to successfully measure adenosine triphosphate (ATP) (pg/ml) in concentrated aerosol samples containing either vegetative bacterial cells or spores. Aerosols were collected with wet and dry sampling devices. Evaluation for the presence of total bio-mass from bacterial and non-bacterial sources of ATP was achieved by suspending the collected aerosol samples in phosphate buffered saline (PBS), pipeting a 50-mu l aliquot of the PBS suspension into a Filtravette(TM), and then adding bacterial releasing agent (BRA). The sample was then reacted with L-L, and the resulting Relative Luminescence Units (RLU's), indicative of ATP from all sources, were measured. Bacterial cells were enumerated with the additional application of a wash with somatic cell releasing agent (SRA) to remove any interferences and non-bacterial sources of ATP prior to BRA application. This step removes interfering substances and non-bacterial sources of ATP. For spore analysis, an equi-volume sample of the PBS suspension was added to an equivolume of trypticase soy broth (TSB), incubated at 37 C for 15 minutes, and processed using methods identical to bacterial cell analysis. Using these techniques we were able to detect Bacillus subtilis variation niger, formerly known as Bacillus globigii (BG), in aerosol samples at concentrations greater than or equal to 10(5) colony forming units (CFU) per ml. Results of field and chamber trials show that one can detect the presence of bacterial and non-bacterial sources of ATP. One can also differentiate spore and vegetative bacterial cells. These techniques may be appropriate to situations where the measurement of bacterial aerosols is needed. C1 USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Res & Technol Directorate, AMSSB RRT DD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Stopa, PJ (reprint author), USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Res & Technol Directorate, AMSSB RRT DD, 5183 Blackhawk Rd,E3160, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3446-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3853 BP 143 EP 149 DI 10.1117/12.372848 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BP39N UT WOS:000084986200017 ER PT J AU Esteller, R Vachtsevanos, G Echauz, J D'Alessandro, M Henry, T Pennell, P Epstein, C Bakay, R Bowen, C Shor, R Litt, B AF Esteller, R Vachtsevanos, G Echauz, J D'Alessandro, M Henry, T Pennell, P Epstein, C Bakay, R Bowen, C Shor, R Litt, B TI Accumulated energy is a state-dependent predictor of seizures in mesial temporal lope epilepsy SO EPILEPSIA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Univ Simon Bolivar, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR USA. USA, Res Labs, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0013-9580 J9 EPILEPSIA JI Epilepsia PY 1999 VL 40 SU 7 BP 173 EP 173 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 242NR UT WOS:000082947600695 ER PT J AU D'Alessandro, MM Vachtsevanos, GJ Esteller, R Echauz, J Buell, LH Bowen, C Shor, R Litt, B AF D'Alessandro, MM Vachtsevanos, GJ Esteller, R Echauz, J Buell, LH Bowen, C Shor, R Litt, B TI Spectral entropy and ictogenesis in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy SO EPILEPSIA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. USA, Res Labs, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Univ Simon Bolivar, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0013-9580 J9 EPILEPSIA JI Epilepsia PY 1999 VL 40 SU 7 BP 174 EP 174 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 242NR UT WOS:000082947600700 ER PT B AU Hudas, G Kurec, A Beck, R AF Hudas, G Kurec, A Beck, R BE Szczerbicka, H TI Laboratory tools for use in simulation based acquisition of vehicle systems SO ESM'99 - MODELLING AND SIMULATION: A TOOL FOR THE NEXT MILLENNIUM, VOL II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th European Simulation Multiconference (ESM 99) CY JUN 01-04, 1999 CL WARSAW, POLAND SP Soc Comp Simulat Int, IBIB PAN, Inst Biocybernet & Biomed Engn, ICM, Univ Warsaw, Polish State Comm Sci Res, NETIN, Chinese Assoc Syst Simulat, Czech & Slovak Simulat Soc, European Simulat Council, Federat European Simulat Soc, Hungarian Simulat Soc, Japan Soc Simulat Technol, Latvian Simulat Soc, Turkish Simulat Soc AB Recent reforms in the acquisition process advocates extensive use of modeling and simulation to evaluate new vehicle systems as well as proposed improvements and upgrades to existing vehicles to save both time and cost of future Army vehicle procurements. This paper discusses and presents TACOM's ongoing efforts of applying computer-based analytical and physical simulation techniques for development of combat and tactical vehicle systems' performance requirements and to conduct evaluations and assessments of them. In particular, at TACOM, analytical multi-body dynamics modeling and unique high fidelity soldier and hardware-in-the-loop motion base simulators are being used to support TACOM's combat and tactical vehicle research, development, acquisition and trouble-shooting missions. C1 USA, Tank Automot & Armaments Res Dev & Engn Ctr, TACOM, TARDEC, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Hudas, G (reprint author), USA, Tank Automot & Armaments Res Dev & Engn Ctr, TACOM, TARDEC, AMSTA-TR-VP-157, Warren, MI 48397 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC COMPUTER SIMULATION PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 17900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92177 USA BN 1-56555-172-9 PY 1999 BP 93 EP 97 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BN78F UT WOS:000082927600016 ER PT S AU Schloegel, K Karypis, G Kumar, V AF Schloegel, K Karypis, G Kumar, V BE Amestoy, P Berger, P Dayde, M Duff, I Fraysse, V Giraud, L Ruiz, D TI A new algorithm for multi-objective graph partitioning SO EURO-PAR'99: PARALLEL PROCESSING SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Euro-Par Conference CY AUG 31-SEP 03, 1999 CL TOULOUSE, FRANCE SP Ctr Europeen Rech & Format Avancee Calcul Sci, Ecole Natl Super Electr Electrotech Informat & Hydraul Toulouse, Inst Rech Inform AB Recently, a number of graph partitioning applications have emerged with additional requirements that the traditional graph partitioning model alone cannot effectively handle. One such class of problems is those in which multiple objectives, each of which can be modeled as a sum of weights of the edges of a graph, must be simultaneously optimized. This class of problems can be solved utilizing a multi-objective graph partitioning algorithm. We present a new formulation of the multi-objective graph partitioning problem and describe an algorithm that computes partitionings with respect to this formulation. We explain how this algorithm provides the user with a fine-tuned control of the tradeoffs among the objectives, results in predictable partitionings, and is able to handle both similar and dissimilar objectives. We shaw that this algorithm is better able to find a good tradeoff among the objectives than partitioning with respect to a single objective only. Finally, we show that by modifying the input preference vector, the multi-objective graph partitioning algorithm is able to gracefully tradeoff decreases in one objective for increases in the others. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. USA, HPC Res Ctr, Minneapolis, MN USA. RP Schloegel, K (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. NR 5 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-66443-2 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 1999 VL 1685 BP 322 EP 331 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BQ96Y UT WOS:000165172300039 ER PT S AU Underwood, JH Troiano, E Vigilante, GN Kapusta, AA Tauscher, S AF Underwood, JH Troiano, E Vigilante, GN Kapusta, AA Tauscher, S BE Panontin, TL Sheppard, SD TI Hydrogen cracking during service of high strength steel cannon components SO FATIGUE AND FRACTURE MECHANICS: TWENTY-NINTH VOLUME SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th National Symposium on Fatigue and Fracture Mechanics CY JUN 24-26, 1997 CL STANFORD, CA SP ASTM Comm E8 Fatigue & Fracture DE hydrogen cracking; pressure vessels; high strength steel; environmental cracking threshold; crack growth rate; finite element analysis AB An investigation of environmental cracking during service of high strength steel cannon components is described. Two cases of cracking occurred in similar prototypes of an advanced cannon over a two year period. The materials, component configurations, applied and residual stresses, environmental conditions, and the resulting cracking behaviors and SEM fracture surface characteristics are outlined. Laboratory hydrogen cracking tests of the cannon materials, finite element stress analysis, and stress intensity factor calculations were used to model the hydrogen cracking. The first cracking incident involved cracks up to 21 mm long near a pressure seal in a 1160 MPa yield strength ASTM A723 forged steel cannon tube, following five firing cycles. The second incident involved 50 mm long cracks that after thirty firing cycles had grown near the seal between two adjoining cannon components, one made from A723 and one from 1280 MPa yield strength PH 13-8 Mo stainless steel. The cause of cracking given the presence of hydrogen laden propellant products and susceptible high strength steels, was the sustained tensile stresses arising from assembly preloads required to maintain pressure sears between cannon components. Recommended preventative measures include reducing the strength level of the existing martensitic steels, changing to austenitic nickel-iron base alloys, and redesign to lower the level of sustained tensile stress concentrations in areas subjected to propellant environments. C1 USA, Armament Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Benet Labs, Watervliet, NY 12189 USA. RP Underwood, JH (reprint author), USA, Armament Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Benet Labs, Watervliet, NY 12189 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2486-4 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 1999 VL 1332 BP 897 EP 912 DI 10.1520/STP14990S PG 16 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BM73J UT WOS:000079623500051 ER PT S AU Underwood, JH Audino, MJ AF Underwood, JH Audino, MJ BE Marquis, G Solin, J TI Effects of initial cracks and firing environment on cannon fatigue life SO FATIGUE DESIGN AND RELIABILITY SE ESIS (EUROPEAN STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY SOCIETY) PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Fatigue Design (FD 98) CY MAY 26-29, 1998 CL ESPOO, FINLAND SP VTT Mfg Technol, European Struct Integrity Soc, European Commiss DE fatigue crack growth; cannon; fracture mechanics; residual stress; pressure vessels; high strength steels; stress - life curves; heat-affected crack growth AB A case-study description is given of laboratory fatigue life tests of a US Army 155 mm inner diameter cannon tube, performed in the early 1990s. Measured fatigue lives and results from stress and fracture mechanics analyses are used to determine the effects of service conditions on the safe fatigue life of the cannon tube. Fatigue failure in the laboratory tests occurred at nearly the same number of load cycles at the tube inner diameter and at a notch on the tube outer diameter, so the different effects on life at the two locations are considered. The description of the life test results and the related mechanics analyses include: measured initial crack sizes for different firing environment and analysis of the effect of initial crack size on life; solid mechanics calculations of local applied and residual stresses at the locations of fatigue crack growth; fracture mechanics assessment of fatigue life including effects of initial crack size, applied firing stresses, residual overstrain stresses, and stress concentrations; a log normal statistical analysis of safe fatigue life for various combinations of test results. The tests and analyses, combined with other related work, show that [i] the use of fatigue intensity factor in a stress - life plot gives a consistent description of fatigue life over a broad range of test variables, including cylinder configuration, initial crack size, applied and residual loading, and material yield strength; [ii] the fatigue intensity factor method can be used to differentiate between fatigue scatter and abnormal fatigue life behavior and to focus on the cause of the abnormal behavior, [iii] a larger than expected initial crack size of 0.05 mm was identified by metallography and found to be the cause of a significant decrease in calculated log-normal safe fatigue life. C1 USA, Armament Res, Ctr Dev & Engn, Benet Labs, Watervliet, NY 12189 USA. RP Underwood, JH (reprint author), USA, Armament Res, Ctr Dev & Engn, Benet Labs, Watervliet, NY 12189 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-1369 BN 0-08-043329-4 J9 ESIS PUBL PY 1999 VL 23 BP 173 EP 182 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BN02M UT WOS:000080424100016 ER PT J AU Jenkins, TF Grant, CL Walsh, ME Thorne, PG Thiboutot, S Ampleman, G Ranney, TA AF Jenkins, TF Grant, CL Walsh, ME Thorne, PG Thiboutot, S Ampleman, G Ranney, TA TI Coping with spatial heterogeneity effects on sampling and analysis at an HMX-contaminated antitank firing range SO FIELD ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE spatial heterogeneity; explosives; HMX; TNT; soil; sampling error; on-site methods; colorimetric ID SOIL; TNT AB Short-range and mid-range (grid size) spatial heterogeneity in explosives concentrations within surface soils was studied at an active antitank firing range. Intensive sampling was conducted adjacent to two target tanks by establishing sixteen 6-m-square grids. Each grid was subdivided into four quadrants, and in each quadrant an area-integrated surface sample was formed into a pile that included about 10% of the top 5 cm of soil in the quadrant. After in situ homogenization, random aliquots were combined to form replicate representative samples. Grid composites were also prepared by combining equal portions of soil from the four quadrants for each grid. In nine of the quadrants, a second area-integrated sample was prepared. On-site analysis showed concentrations of HMX ranging from as high as 2160 mg/kg near one target to less than or equal to 1 mg/kg at a distance of 20 m from the target. TNT concentrations, ranging from less than or equal to 1 to 23 mg/kg, were much tower than would be expected based on the 70:30 composition ratio of HMX to TNT in the melt-cast explosive used on site. On-site concentration estimates for HMX and TNT were in excellent agreement with laboratory HPLC results; correlation coefficients were 0.992 and 0.975, respectively. Spatial heterogeneity of HMX concentrations was large on both short- and midrange scales, and this factor dominated the overall uncertainty associated with site characterization. Greater emphasis on sampling is urgently needed to improve the representativeness of explosives residue determinations in soil. (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Def Res Estab Valcartier, Val Belair, PQ G3J 1X5, Canada. Space & Technol Corp, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Jenkins, TF (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 24 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1086-900X J9 FIELD ANAL CHEM TECH JI Field Anal. Chem. Technol. PY 1999 VL 3 IS 1 BP 19 EP 28 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6521(1999)3:1<19::AID-FACT3>3.0.CO;2-5 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 190PC UT WOS:000079972200003 ER PT J AU Combs, RJ AF Combs, RJ TI Thermal stability evaluation for passive FTIR spectrometry SO FIELD ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE passive FTIR spectrometry; thermal stability; radiometry ID IR; INTERFEROGRAMS AB Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry furnishes a viable method of assessing a variety of airborne pollutants with passive remote monitoring. Ensuring accurate and precise open-air monitoring requires evaluation of FTIR spectrometer radiometric performance. The noise equivalent radiance per root Hertz is a radiometric figure of merit that is independent of integration time, interferometer mirror velocity, and spectral resolution. This study demonstrates the utility of the NER per root Hertz metric by examining FTIR spectrometer performance as a function of internal thermal stability, spectral resolution, and integration time. The effect of internal stability on spectrometer radiometric performance is evaluated as a function of external spectrometer temperature. (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 USA, Edgewood Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Combs, RJ (reprint author), USA, Edgewood Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 15 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1086-900X J9 FIELD ANAL CHEM TECH JI Field Anal. Chem. Technol. PY 1999 VL 3 IS 2 BP 81 EP 94 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6521(1999)3:2<81::AID-FACT3>3.0.CO;2-Q PG 14 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 190PD UT WOS:000079972300003 ER PT J AU Hewitt, AD Lukash, NJE AF Hewitt, AD Lukash, NJE TI PID-based estimation of the concentration of aromatic and chlorinated VOCs in soil SO FIELD ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE soil; volatile organic compounds; screening ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS AB A rapid method for estimating the total concentration of aromatic and chlorinated volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in soil with a hand-held photoionization detector (PID) was developed to assist with recently adopted protocols for sample collection and handling. The results from sample screening can be used to rank the total concentration of VOCs or to answer a simple yes or no question with regard to a single value. Coupling a rapid method for estimating the total VOC concentration with sample collection and preparation procedures that limit substrate dissaggregation and exposure complements efforts to achieve site representative estimates for vadose zone contamination and efficient laboratory analyses. (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Hewitt, AD (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1086-900X J9 FIELD ANAL CHEM TECH JI Field Anal. Chem. Technol. PY 1999 VL 3 IS 3 BP 193 EP 200 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6521(1999)3:3<193::AID-FACT7>3.3.CO;2-1 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 210GL UT WOS:000081096700007 ER PT J AU Hill, SC Pinnick, RG Niles, S Pan, YL Holler, S Chang, RK Bottiger, J Chen, BT Orr, CS Feather, G AF Hill, SC Pinnick, RG Niles, S Pan, YL Holler, S Chang, RK Bottiger, J Chen, BT Orr, CS Feather, G TI Real-time measurement of fluorescence spectra from single airborne biological particles SO FIELD ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bioaerosols; aerosol detection; fluorescence spectroscopy; instrumentation; single-particle fluorescence; biological aerosols ID FLIGHT MASS-SPECTROMETRY; EMISSION-SPECTRA; BACILLUS SPORES; BACTERIA; CELLS; ANALYZER; SYSTEM; FIELD; AUTOFLUORESCENCE; MICROORGANISMS AB Improved real-time methods for characterizing airborne biological particles are needed. Here we review our efforts in developing techniques for measuring the laser-induced fluorescence (total and spectrally dispersed) of individual airborne particles, and describe our present system, which can measure fluorescence spectra of single micrometer-sized bioaerosol particles with good signal-to-noise ratios. We demonstrate the capability of this system by showing measured spectra of a variety of airborne particles generated in the laboratory from road dust, ammonium sulfate, Bacillus subtilis and other bacteria prepared under various conditions, allergens, cigarette smoke, and chicken-house dust. These spectra illustrate the capability of the system to distinguish between some biological and nonbiological aerosols, and among several types of laboratory-generated biological aerosols. We suggest improvements needed to make our system field portable. (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.* C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Phys Sci Lab, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. USA, Edgewood Chem & Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NIOSH, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Hill, SC (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 59 TC 137 Z9 141 U1 3 U2 28 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1086-900X J9 FIELD ANAL CHEM TECH JI Field Anal. Chem. Technol. PY 1999 VL 3 IS 4-5 BP 221 EP 239 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6521(1999)3:4/5<221::AID-FACT2>3.3.CO;2-Z PG 19 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 252DD UT WOS:000083484700002 ER PT J AU Reyes, FL Jeys, TH Newbury, NR Primmerman, CA Rowe, GS Sanchez, A AF Reyes, FL Jeys, TH Newbury, NR Primmerman, CA Rowe, GS Sanchez, A TI Bio-aerosol fluorescence sensor SO FIELD ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE coincidence events; microlaser; joint field trials (JFT); bio-aerosol fluorescence; two-channels-sensor; alarm algorithm AB A real-time, point-type sensor has been developed for early warning of threat bioaerosols. The sensor, which is based on laser-induced-fluorescence detection of aerosol particles, incorporates two spectral channels for discrimination of threat aerosols from background aerosols. Field tests at Dugway Proving Ground, Utah, in September 1997 showed that the sensor can defect threat bio-aerosols at a concentration of 5-10 particles per liter of air and can discriminate threat aerosol from natural background aerosols, (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 USA, SBCCOM, AMSSB RBD I, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. MIT, Lincoln Lab, USA, SBCCOM,AMSSB RBD I, Lexington, MA 02173 USA. RP Reyes, FL (reprint author), USA, SBCCOM, AMSSB RBD I, Edgewood Area, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 2 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1086-900X J9 FIELD ANAL CHEM TECH JI Field Anal. Chem. Technol. PY 1999 VL 3 IS 4-5 BP 240 EP 248 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6521(1999)3:4/5<240::AID-FACT3>3.0.CO;2-# PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 252DD UT WOS:000083484700003 ER PT J AU Gittins, CM Piper, LG Rawlins, WT Marinelli, WJ Jensen, JO Akinyemi, AN AF Gittins, CM Piper, LG Rawlins, WT Marinelli, WJ Jensen, JO Akinyemi, AN TI Passive and active standoff infrared detection of bio-aerosols SO FIELD ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE LIDAR; scattering; biological; infrared; passive; extinction AB Biological compounds are known to have infrared spectra indicative of specific functional groups. There is a strong interest in the use of passive means to detect airborne biological particles, such as spores and cells, which may act as biological weapons. At the sizes of interest, the infrared spectra of bacterial particles result from a combination of geometric (pi d(particle) > lambda) and Mie (pi d(particle) similar to lambda) scattering processes, whereas the infrared spectrum of atmospheric particles falls into the Rayleigh limit (pi d(particle) much less than lambda). In this article we report on laboratory measurements of the infrared spectra of aerosolized Bacillus subtilis (BG) spores in air under controlled measurement conditions. Transmission measurements show an in spectrum of the spores with features comparable to the condensed phase spectrum superimposed on a background of Mie scattering. Preliminary measurements indicate a peak extinction coefficient of approximately 1.6 x 10(-8) cm(2) per spore at 9.65 mu m. These results are discussed in terms of their implication for passive and active infrared detection and identification of bio-aerosols, (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 Phys Sci Inc, Andover, MA 01810 USA. USA, ERDEC, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Marinelli, WJ (reprint author), Phys Sci Inc, 20 New England Business Ctr, Andover, MA 01810 USA. NR 8 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 8 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1086-900X J9 FIELD ANAL CHEM TECH JI Field Anal. Chem. Technol. PY 1999 VL 3 IS 4-5 BP 274 EP 282 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6521(1999)3:4/5<274::AID-FACT6>3.0.CO;2-E PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 252DD UT WOS:000083484700006 ER PT J AU Stopa, PJ Tieman, D Coon, PA Milton, MM Paterno, D AF Stopa, PJ Tieman, D Coon, PA Milton, MM Paterno, D TI Detection of biological aerosols by luminescence techniques SO FIELD ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aerosol detection; ATP luminescence; bacteria AB Luciferin-luciferase (LL) luminescence techniques were used to successfully measure the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content (pg/ml) in aerosol samples containing either vegetative bacterial cells or spores, Aerosols were collected with wet or dry sampling devices. Evaluation for the presence of total biomass from both bacterial and nonbacterial sources of ATP was achieved by suspending the collected aerosol samples in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), using a pipette to draw off a 50-mu l aliquot of the PBS suspension into a Filtravette(TM), and then adding bacterial releasing agent (BRA), The sample was then reacted with LL, and the resulting relative luminescence units (RLUs), indicative of the total ATP content, were measured. Identical techniques were used to prepare the bacterial cells for analysis with one additional step: a wash with somatic cell releasing agent (SRA) before adding BRA, This step removes interfering substances or nonbacterial sources of ATP, For spore analysis, an equivolume sample of the PBS suspension was added to an equivolume of trypticase soy broth (TSB), incubated at 37 degrees C for 15 min, and processed using methods identical to bacterial cell analysis. With the use of these techniques we were able to detect Bacillus subtilis variation niger, formerly known as Bacillus globigii (BG) in artificially inoculated aerosol samples at concentrations greater than or equal to 10(5) colony-forming units (CFU) per milliliter, Results of field and chamber trials show that one can detect the presence of bacterial and nonbacterial sources of ATP, These techniques may be appropriate to situations where the measurement of bacterial aerosols is needed, (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.* C1 USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Res & Technol Directorate, AMSSB RRT DD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Sci & Technol Corp, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. RP Stopa, PJ (reprint author), USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Res & Technol Directorate, AMSSB RRT DD, 5183 Blackhawk Rd,E3160, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 7 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1086-900X J9 FIELD ANAL CHEM TECH JI Field Anal. Chem. Technol. PY 1999 VL 3 IS 4-5 BP 283 EP 290 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6521(1999)3:4/5<283::AID-FACT7>3.3.CO;2-0 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 252DD UT WOS:000083484700007 ER PT J AU Sincock, SA Kulaga, H Cain, M Anderson, P Stopa, PJ AF Sincock, SA Kulaga, H Cain, M Anderson, P Stopa, PJ TI Applications of flow cytometry for the detection and characterization of biological aerosols SO FIELD ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aerosol detection; flow cytometry; microbiology; immunoassay; DNA dyes ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ACRIDINE-ORANGE; BACTERIA; FLUORESCENCE; SEPARATION; SYSTEM; INDEX; SIZE AB Flow cytometry (FCM), unlike conventional forms of spectroscopy, allows one to interrogate individual members of a sample population for size, shape, biological, and/or chemical properties. Over the past several years, we have investigated the use of flow cytometry to detect and identify microorganisms in aerosols. The effort to date has shown that changes in scatter patterns or DNA composition suggest that changes in the ambient air are evident. The use of macromolecular dyes and antibodies tagged by fluorescence can be used to identify specific components in the aerosol. Moreover, it is possible to combine several of these modes into one step. The assays presented here take 5 min or less to perform. Strategies for the use of flow cytometry to characterize biological aerosols will be discussed. Both laboratory and field studies that demonstrate the potential use of FCM as a means to detect and characterize microbiological materials in aerosols are discussed. (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.* C1 USA, Edgewood Chem & Biol Ctr, AMSSB RRT DD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Sci & Technol Corp, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. RP Stopa, PJ (reprint author), USA, Edgewood Chem & Biol Ctr, AMSSB RRT DD, 5183 Blackhawk Rd,E3160, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 21 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1086-900X J9 FIELD ANAL CHEM TECH JI Field Anal. Chem. Technol. PY 1999 VL 3 IS 4-5 BP 291 EP 306 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6521(1999)3:4/5<291::AID-FACT8>3.0.CO;2-5 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 252DD UT WOS:000083484700008 ER PT J AU Snyder, AP Maswadeh, WM Parsons, JA Tripathi, A Meuzelaar, HLC Dworzanski, JP Kim, MG AF Snyder, AP Maswadeh, WM Parsons, JA Tripathi, A Meuzelaar, HLC Dworzanski, JP Kim, MG TI Field detection of bacillus spore aerosols with stand-alone pyrolysis-gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry SO FIELD ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pyrolysis; gas chromatography; ion mobility spectrometry; Bacillus subtilis spores (BG); field biodetection; outdoor biodetection; biodetection biological aerosols; aerosol concentrator ID BIOLOGICAL WARFARE; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PERSPECTIVE; BIOMARKER; WEAPONS; SYSTEM AB A commercially available, hand-held chemical vapor detector was modified to detect gram-positive Bacillus subtilis var. globigii spores (BG) in outdoor field scenarios. An airborne vapor monitor (AVM) ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) vapor detector was interfaced to a biological sample processing and transfer introduction system. The biological sample processing was accomplished by quartz tube pyrolysis (Py), and the resultant vapor was transferred by gas chromatography (GC) to the IMS detector. The Py-GC/IMS system can be described as a hyphenated device where two analytical dimensions, in series, allow the separation and isolation of individual components from the pyrolytic decomposition of biological analytes. Gram-positive spores such as BG contain 5-15% by weight of dipicolinic acid (DPA), and picolinic acid is a pyrolysis product of DPA. Picolinic acid has a high proton affinity, and it is detected in a sensitive fashion by the atmospheric pressure-based IMS device. Picolinic acid occupies a unique region in the GC/IMS data domain with respect to other bacterial pyrolysis products. A 1000 to 1, air-to-air aerosol concentrator was interfaced to the Py-GC/IMS instrument, and the system was placed in an open-air, western United States desert environment. The system was tested with BG spore aerosol releases, and the instrument was remotely operated during a trial. A Met-One aerosol particle counter was placed next to the Py-GC/IMS so as to obtain a real-time record of the ambient and bacterial aerosol challenges. The presence/absence of an aerosol event, determined by an aerosol particle counter and a slit-sampler-agar-plate system, was compared to the presence/absence of a picolinic acid response in a GC/IMS data window at selected times in a trial with respect to a BG challenge. In the 21 BG trials, the Py-GC/IMS instrument experienced two true negatives and no false positives, and developed a software failure in one trial. The remaining 18 trials were true positive determinations for the presence of BG aerosol, and a limit of detection for the Py-GC/IMS instrument was estimated at approximately 3300 BG spore-containing particles. (C) John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Geocenters Inc, Gunpowder Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Univ Utah, Ctr Micro Anal & React Chem, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Snyder, AP (reprint author), USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 38 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1086-900X J9 FIELD ANAL CHEM TECH JI Field Anal. Chem. Technol. PY 1999 VL 3 IS 4-5 BP 315 EP 326 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6521(1999)3:4/5<315::AID-FACT10>3.3.CO;2-U PG 12 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 252DD UT WOS:000083484700010 ER PT J AU Luo, S Mohr, J Sickenberger, D Hryncewich, A AF Luo, S Mohr, J Sickenberger, D Hryncewich, A TI Study of purified bacteria and viruses by pyrolysis mass spectrometry SO FIELD ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pyrolysis; mass spectrometry; ion trap; field instrument ID LIPIDS; CELLS AB Pyrolysis mass spectrometry (Py-MS), incorporating an in situ thermal hydrolysis and methylation (THM) step, was used to profile methylated lipids (e.g., fatty acids and cholesterol) from pathogenic viruses and bacteria by means of a field-portable ion-trap MS instrument referred to as the chemical/biological mass spectrometer (CBMS). The CBMS has been successfully tested for biological warfare agents to give correct classification (three classes-spore, vegetative cell, and toxin) in both field and chamber tests. Incorporating an in situ THM step in the CBMS will improve its capabilities to better identify biomarkers from bacteria and viruses. Mass spectra of one bacterial and two viral pathogens (grown by cell cultures) were produced with a total analysis time of 3 min per profile and could be separated when examined by principal-component analysis (PCA). (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.* C1 USA, W Desert Test Ctr, Div Life Sci, Dugway, UT 84022 USA. USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. USA, Soldier & Biol Chem Command, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Luo, S (reprint author), USA, W Desert Test Ctr, Div Life Sci, Dugway, UT 84022 USA. NR 28 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1086-900X J9 FIELD ANAL CHEM TECH JI Field Anal. Chem. Technol. PY 1999 VL 3 IS 6 BP 357 EP 374 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6521(1999)3:6<357::AID-FACT5>3.0.CO;2-J PG 18 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 268DH UT WOS:000084398700005 ER PT S AU Morton, DC Forsythe, EW Sun, SS AF Morton, DC Forsythe, EW Sun, SS BE Gnade, B Kelley, EF TI Trap states in electroluminescent SrS : Cu phosphor thin films using thermally stimulated luminescence. SO FLAT PANEL DISPLAY TECHNOLOGY AND DISPLAY METROLOGY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Flat Panel Display Technology and Display Metrology CY JAN 27-29, 1999 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, SPIE DE thermally stimulated luminescence; SrS : Cu; trap states; interface states AB We have evaluated the trap states in SrS:Cu thin films using thermally stimulated luminescence (TSL). The TSL experimental curves were fit to a general order kinetics equation to estimate the mean trap energies, escape frequencies and order parameters. SrS films doped with Cu have been prepared on Si and AlTiO (ALO) substrates by sputtering at an elevated substrate temperature. A BaTa2O6 film was then sputtered on a SrS:Cu film grown on the ALO substrate, which represents a typical thin films electroluminescence device structure. The trap states are measured as a function of the three different film structures. The three films all have a main trap state at approximately 0.4eV, which shows small shifts for the three structures. In addition to the single TSL peak, the SrS:Cu based films have a distribution of more shallow traps. When the phosphor films are capped with BTO an additional trap state is observed at approximately 0.08eV. From the SIMS data, the BTO/SrS:Cu interface is extended after annealing, which may contribute to these additional trap states. There is large body of work on the physical processes in SrS:Cu using electrical and optical methods, which shows that the trap states play an important role in the electroluminescence from these devices. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Morton, DC (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3107-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3636 BP 83 EP 91 DI 10.1117/12.344633 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BN06L UT WOS:000080536100010 ER PT B AU Schwichtenberg, BR AF Schwichtenberg, BR BE Tait, LS TI Preliminary design of attached breakwater alternatives at Rancho Palos Verdes California SO FLORIDA MODEL "THE NATION'S FIRST COMPREHENSIVE STATEWIDE BEACH MANAGEMENT PROGRAM" LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Annual National Conference on Beach Preservation Technology on the Florida Model - The Nations 1st Comprehensive Statewide Beach Management Program CY JAN 27-29, 1999 CL ST PETERSBURG, FL SP Florida Shore & Beach Preservat Assoc AB The Portuguese Bend Landslide located on the Pales Verdes Peninsula was activated in 1956 and continues to move to this date. It has contributed a substantial amount of sediment into the littoral zone, damaging offshore rocky reef habitat through increased turbidity and sedimentation. Construction of an attached breakwater that contains the landslide material, will prevent further damages and allow the environment to restore. The functional and structural design of three attached breakwater alternatives are discussed. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Los Angeles, CA 90017 USA. RP Schwichtenberg, BR (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Los Angeles Dist,911 Wilshire Blvd,Off 13020, Los Angeles, CA 90017 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FLORIDA SHORE & BEACH PRESERVATION ASSOCIATION PI TALLAHASSEE PA 2952 WELLINGTON CIRCLE, TALLAHASSEE, FL 32301 USA PY 1999 BP 239 EP 251 PG 13 WC Engineering, Marine SC Engineering GA BN58R UT WOS:000082311400016 ER PT B AU D'Aniello, JP AF D'Aniello, JP BE Tait, LS TI The US Army Corps of Engineers role in shore protection SO FLORIDA MODEL "THE NATION'S FIRST COMPREHENSIVE STATEWIDE BEACH MANAGEMENT PROGRAM" LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Annual National Conference on Beach Preservation Technology on the Florida Model - The Nations 1st Comprehensive Statewide Beach Management Program CY JAN 27-29, 1999 CL ST PETERSBURG, FL SP Florida Shore & Beach Preservat Assoc AB The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers has been involved in shore protection studies since 1930, and in construction of hurricane protection and erosion control projects since shortly after World War II. Beach nourishment projects have proven especially popular with local interests. Budgetary constraints, however, have curtailed the Corps' ability to enter into commitments for new projects that could require periodic nourishment for as long as 50 years. With changes in the cost sharing formula between the Federal government and local sponsors, however, it may be possible once again to enter into commitments for new project construction. These changes are still pending with the Administration and Congress. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Washington, DC 20314 USA. RP D'Aniello, JP (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, 20 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20314 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FLORIDA SHORE & BEACH PRESERVATION ASSOCIATION PI TALLAHASSEE PA 2952 WELLINGTON CIRCLE, TALLAHASSEE, FL 32301 USA PY 1999 BP 261 EP 270 PG 10 WC Engineering, Marine SC Engineering GA BN58R UT WOS:000082311400018 ER PT B AU Kraus, NC Larson, M Wise, RA AF Kraus, NC Larson, M Wise, RA BE Tait, LS TI Depth of closure in beach-fill design SO FLORIDA MODEL "THE NATION'S FIRST COMPREHENSIVE STATEWIDE BEACH MANAGEMENT PROGRAM" LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Annual National Conference on Beach Preservation Technology on the Florida Model - The Nations 1st Comprehensive Statewide Beach Management Program CY JAN 27-29, 1999 CL ST PETERSBURG, FL SP Florida Shore & Beach Preservat Assoc ID NORTH-CAROLINA; PROFILE CHANGE; SHOREFACE; SCALES; DUCK; USA AB The depth of closure enters numerous coastal engineering operations such as beach-fill design, siting and functioning of coastal structures, formulation of sediment budgets, sand borrow-site identification, dredged-material placement in the offshore, and deployment of marine instrumentation. This paper proposes a rigorous definition of the depth of closure applicable to beach processes and demonstrates its existence. Application of the depth of closure in beach-fill design is discussed, including its prediction, time dependence, estimation of uncertainty, and consequences for beach fill design. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Kraus, NC (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU FLORIDA SHORE & BEACH PRESERVATION ASSOCIATION PI TALLAHASSEE PA 2952 WELLINGTON CIRCLE, TALLAHASSEE, FL 32301 USA PY 1999 BP 271 EP 286 PG 16 WC Engineering, Marine SC Engineering GA BN58R UT WOS:000082311400019 ER PT B AU Kraus, NC Rosati, JD AF Kraus, NC Rosati, JD BE Tait, LS TI Estimating uncertainty in coastal inlet sediment budgets SO FLORIDA MODEL "THE NATION'S FIRST COMPREHENSIVE STATEWIDE BEACH MANAGEMENT PROGRAM" LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Annual National Conference on Beach Preservation Technology on the Florida Model - The Nations 1st Comprehensive Statewide Beach Management Program CY JAN 27-29, 1999 CL ST PETERSBURG, FL SP Florida Shore & Beach Preservat Assoc ID SAND AB Sediment budgets for coastal inlets are difficult to formulate because sediment pathways are complex, not well known, and not directly measurable. In addition, data on volume change and engineering activities. essential for formulation of the sediment budget, are often derived from indirect information, thereby leading to uncertainty in their true values. Assignment of "best estimates" for needed values requires experience and common sense to derive a balanced and integrated budget. This paper describes the formulation of sediment budgets, including estimation of uncertainty, and the automation of this procedure through the Sediment Budget Analysis System (SBAS). C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Kraus, NC (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FLORIDA SHORE & BEACH PRESERVATION ASSOCIATION PI TALLAHASSEE PA 2952 WELLINGTON CIRCLE, TALLAHASSEE, FL 32301 USA PY 1999 BP 287 EP 302 PG 16 WC Engineering, Marine SC Engineering GA BN58R UT WOS:000082311400020 ER PT S AU Higgins, JA Ibrahim, MS Knauert, FK Ludwig, GV Kijek, TM Ezzell, JW Courtney, BC Henchal, EA AF Higgins, JA Ibrahim, MS Knauert, FK Ludwig, GV Kijek, TM Ezzell, JW Courtney, BC Henchal, EA BE Frazier, TW Richardson, DC TI Sensitive and rapid identification of biological threat agents SO FOOD AND AGRICULTURAL SECURITY: GUARDING AGAINST NATURAL THREATS AND TERRORIST ATTACKS AFFECTING HEALTH, NATIONAL FOOD SUPPLIES, AND AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Food and Agricultural Security CY SEP 28-30, 1998 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP FEd Bur Investigat Lab, USDA ARS, Amer Vet Med Assoc, Dept Def Vet Serv Activ, Louisiana State Univ, FMI Sci Lab, Natl Consortium Genom Resources Management & Serv ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; MICROCHIP PCR; NUCLEIC-ACIDS; DNA; WARFARE; CONTAMINATION; AMPLIFICATION; INSTRUMENT; OUTBREAK; RNA C1 ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Diagnost Syst Div, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Higgins, JA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Rm 202,Bldg 1040,10300 Baltimore Blvd, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 28 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 7 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-230-4 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1999 VL 894 BP 130 EP 148 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb08056.x PG 19 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA BP47M UT WOS:000085238200021 PM 10681982 ER PT S AU Deen, WA AF Deen, WA BE Frazier, TW Richardson, DC TI Trends in American agriculture - Their implications for biological warfare against crop and animal resources SO FOOD AND AGRICULTURAL SECURITY: GUARDING AGAINST NATURAL THREATS AND TERRORIST ATTACKS AFFECTING HEALTH, NATIONAL FOOD SUPPLIES, AND AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Food and Agricultural Security CY SEP 28-30, 1998 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP FEd Bur Investigat Lab, USDA ARS, Amer Vet Med Assoc, Dept Def Vet Serv Activ, Louisiana State Univ, FMI Sci Lab, Natl Consortium Genom Resources Management & Serv C1 USA, Richmond, MO 64085 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-230-4 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1999 VL 894 BP 164 EP 167 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb08060.x PG 4 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA BP47M UT WOS:000085238200025 PM 10681986 ER PT S AU Von Bredow, J Myers, M Wagner, D Valdes, JJ Loomis, L Zamani, K AF Von Bredow, J Myers, M Wagner, D Valdes, JJ Loomis, L Zamani, K BE Frazier, TW Richardson, DC TI Agroterrorism - Agricultural infrastructure vulnerability SO FOOD AND AGRICULTURAL SECURITY: GUARDING AGAINST NATURAL THREATS AND TERRORIST ATTACKS AFFECTING HEALTH, NATIONAL FOOD SUPPLIES, AND AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Food and Agricultural Security CY SEP 28-30, 1998 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP FEd Bur Investigat Lab, USDA ARS, Amer Vet Med Assoc, Dept Def Vet Serv Activ, Louisiana State Univ, FMI Sci Lab, Natl Consortium Genom Resources Management & Serv AB The intentional contamination of animal feed to reduce the availability of animal-derived human food or to infect human populations is seldom mentioned, but animal feed could be an easy target for bioterrorists, The period of delay between the contamination of the animal feed and adulteration of the human food product provides an additional degree of uncertainty about the source of the contamination and minimizes the possibility of apprehending the terrorist, The less obvious and more natural the source of biological contamination, the greater the likelihood that the animal feed contamination will be mistaken as a natural phenomenon. However, the problems related to managing natural food contamination and intentional food contamination remain the same. Rapid testing and separation of contaminated feed are important steps, followed by the more specific identification of the contaminant to determine the source of adulteration and/or the possibility of decontamination, At this time identification of the bioagents is dependent on the availability of antibody-specific test systems. The rapid development of specific antibodies for the development of sensitive and specific test kits is the key to identifying contamination and dealing effectively with the disposal or decontamination of the animal feed and, ultimately, preventing the contamination of animal-derived human food products. C1 US FDA, Ctr Vet Med, Res Off, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. USA, Chem & Biol Def, Edgewood Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21100 USA. New Horizons Diagnost Corp, Dev & Engn, Columbia, MD 21045 USA. Pentagon, Off Director Def Res & Engn, Washington, DC 20301 USA. RP Von Bredow, J (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Vet Med, Res Off, 8401 Muirkirk Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RI Zamani, Kaveh/A-9182-2011 NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-230-4 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1999 VL 894 BP 168 EP 180 PG 13 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA BP47M UT WOS:000085238200026 ER PT J AU Meiselman, HL Mastroianni, G Buller, M Edwards, J AF Meiselman, HL Mastroianni, G Buller, M Edwards, J TI Longitudinal measurement of three eating behavior scales during a period of change SO FOOD QUALITY AND PREFERENCE LA English DT Article ID VARIETY-SEEKING; FOOD NEOPHOBIA; ATTITUDES; CONSUMPTION; HUMANS AB British students were tested three times per year immediately after entering university on a battery of tests, including eating behavior scales (Variety Seeking Tendency Scale, Food Neophobia Scale, and the Restrained Eating scale of the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire). Repeated testing indicated high stability of the measured eating behavior scales over the study period of 1-2 years. Thus, food attitudes remained stable even during a major period of change in people's lives when young people left home. The stability of the average measures of the three eating behaviors scales indicates that groups can be characterized by their scores. There was no gender effect for Variety Seeking Tendency or Food Neophobia but there was for Restrained Eating, as previously reported. Test-retest correlations for the same subjects were generally in the range 0.6-0.8. The correlation between Variety Seeking Tendency Food Neophobia was -0.6. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USA, Natick Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Ctr Dev & Engn, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Geocenters Inc, Newton, MA USA. Bournemouth Univ, Poole BH12 5BB, Dorset, England. RP Meiselman, HL (reprint author), USA, Natick Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Ctr Dev & Engn, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 28 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-3293 J9 FOOD QUAL PREFER JI Food. Qual. Prefer. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 10 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 153YP UT WOS:000077861400001 ER PT B AU Ressler, SJ AF Ressler, SJ BE Rogers, JR Brenner, BR TI An integrated EC2000-based program assessment system SO FORMING CIVIL ENGINEERING'S FUTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Annual National Civil Engineering Education Congress on Forming Civil Engineering's Future CY OCT 16-20, 1999 CL CHARLOTTE, NC SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, North Carolina Sect, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Natl Educ Comm & Educ Programs Comm, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Comm Hist & Heritage, Amer Civil Engn Assistance, Natl Pk Serv, Univ N Carolina AB This paper describes a comprehensive program assessment model developed and implemented in the ABET-accredited civil engineering program at the United States Military Academy. The model is a framework for performing and integrating course-level and program-level assessments on an annual basis. The process includes a mechanism for deciding upon and implementing changes, in response to assessment results. It also promotes curriculum integration and faculty buy-in by involving all relevant stakeholders in the decision-making process. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Civil Engn & Mech, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Ressler, SJ (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Civil Engn & Mech, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0455-0 PY 1999 BP 103 EP 108 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BP89S UT WOS:000086537800017 ER PT J AU Nath, J Potenza, M Wiggs, R AF Nath, J Potenza, M Wiggs, R TI Regulation of apopain/caspase 3 in inflammatory human neutrophils SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Resp Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PY 1999 VL 27 SU 1 MA 141 BP S54 EP S54 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 254EL UT WOS:000083598900166 ER PT J AU Salin, ML Alvarez, LM Lynn, BC Habulihaz, B Fountain, AW AF Salin, ML Alvarez, LM Lynn, BC Habulihaz, B Fountain, AW TI Photooxidative bleaching of chlorophyllin SO FREE RADICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Winter Meeting of the Society-for-Free-Radical-Research (European Region) CY DEC 17-19, 1998 CL GRANADA, SPAIN SP Soc Free Rad Res, European Reg DE chlorophyllin; oxygen intermediates; peroxide; photobleaching ID PLANTS; OXYGEN AB Chlorophyllin, a water-soluble, copper-containing porphyrin, can be bleached rapidly in the light or slowly in the dark in a reaction which is oxygen dependent. Both the photo and the dark bleaching reactions are temperature dependent. Cyclic voltammetry measurements show that the copper in the bleached and non-bleached state remains in the +2 redox state and could be readily reduced. This would imply that there is no net oxidative change to the copper during the bleaching process. FT-IR absorption spectroscopy showed vibrations characteristic of a vinyl functionality disappeared upon bleaching. Aqueous solutions of chlorophyllin were not dialyzable through dialysis tubing of molecular weight cut-off, 6000-8000 molecular weight, indicative of an aggregate chlorophyllin micelle. Analysis of products by high performance liquid chromatography showed that the chlorophyllin mixture was more complex than originally anticipated and that two components were lost from the mixture upon photobleaching. One compound that is preferentially lost upon photobleaching has been identified by mass spectral analysis as Cu(II) chlorin e6. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. US Mil Acad, Dept Chem, W Point, NY 10996 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Chem, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Salin, ML (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Box 9650, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU HARWOOD ACAD PUBL GMBH PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 1071-5762 J9 FREE RADICAL RES JI Free Radic. Res. PY 1999 VL 31 SU S BP S97 EP S105 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 279XT UT WOS:000085070900015 PM 10694047 ER PT B AU East, EW AF East, EW BE Banzhaf, W Daida, J Eiben, AE Garzon, MH Honavar, V Jakiela, M Smith, RE TI Infrastructure work order planning using genetic algorithms SO GECCO-99: PROCEEDINGS OF THE GENETIC AND EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO-99) at the 8th International Conference on Genetic Algorithms/4th Annual Genetic Programming Conference CY JUL 13-17, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP European Network Excellence Evolutionary Comp, Evolut Artificielle, ICES, Int Soc Adapt Behav, Amer Assoc Artificial Intelligence ID CONSTRUCTION AB Infrastructure management offices plan and complete several thousand small construction projects annually. Effective planning is vital if the public and private sectors are to maintain valuable infrastructure investments at the least cost to the taxpayer or shareholder. This paper presents the results an application of Genetic Algorithms (GA) in multi-project resource allocation to minimize the total cost of work order execution on realistically sized infrastructure management problems. In addition to direct crew costs indirect costs for set-up, idle time, and travel are included in this model. Results of test cases demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach when compared to several standard heuristics. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Construct Engn Res Labs, CECER,PL,E, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. RP East, EW (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Construct Engn Res Labs, CECER,PL,E, 2902 Newmark Dr,POB 9005, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MORGAN KAUFMANN PUB INC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 340 PINE STR, 6TH FLR, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94104-3205 USA BN 1-55860-611-4 PY 1999 BP 1510 EP 1516 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BQ96Q UT WOS:000165164700265 ER PT S AU Licina, JR Rash, CE Mora, JC Ledford, MH AF Licina, JR Rash, CE Mora, JC Ledford, MH BE Lewandowski, RJ Haworth, LA Girolamo, HJ TI Helmet-mounted display human factors engineering design issues: Past, present, and future SO HELMET- AND HEAD-MOUNTED DISPLAYS IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Helmet-Mounted and Head-Mounted Displays IV Conference CY APR 05-06, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE human factors; helmet-mounted display (HMD); anthropometry; fit; comfort; manpower AB An often overlooked area of helmet-mounted display (HMD) design is that of good human factors engineering. Systems which pass bench testing with flying colors can often find less enthusiastic acceptance during fielding when good human factors engineering principles are not adhered to throughout the design process. This paper addresses lessons learned on the fielding of the AH-64 Apache Integrated Helmet and Display Sight System (IHADSS) and the Aviator's Night Vision Imaging System (ANVIS). These lessons are used to develop guidance for future HMDs in such diverse areas as: user adjustments, anthropometry, fit and comfort, manpower and personnel requirements, and equipment compatibility. C1 USA, Aeromed Res Lab, Ft Rucker, AL 36362 USA. RP Licina, JR (reprint author), USA, Aeromed Res Lab, Ft Rucker, AL 36362 USA. NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3163-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3689 BP 32 EP 44 DI 10.1117/12.352843 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Optics SC Engineering; Computer Science; Optics GA BN52E UT WOS:000082111800004 ER PT S AU Crowley, J Johnson, P Ledford, M Rash, C AF Crowley, J Johnson, P Ledford, M Rash, C BE Lewandowski, RJ Haworth, LA Girolamo, HJ TI Simulating the degraded visual environment: Aeromedical assistance to an HMD research program SO HELMET- AND HEAD-MOUNTED DISPLAYS IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Helmet-Mounted and Head-Mounted Displays IV Conference CY APR 05-06, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE helmet-mounted display; HMD; disorientation; motion sickness; simulator sickness questionnaire; SSQ; helicopter; closed-cockpit AB In order to conduct helmet-mounted display (HMD) helicopter research flights in daylight, two versions of a simulated degraded visual environment (SDVE) were developed. SDVE-1 consisted of a tailored fire-retardant black cloth hood that is draped over the pilot's helmeted head and ventilated with a standard personal ventilator. While SDVE-1 successfully eliminated troublesome reflections, improved display readability, and was reasonably comfortable, pilots reported disturbing sensations of sensory deprivation and isolation. SDVE-2 combined colored filters on the hood and helicopter windscreen to allow the pilot a view of the cockpit interior while blocking light from the external environment. This system has been well accepted and has facilitated safe in-flight HMD research. Motion sickness remains an issue in HMD flight performance research. C1 USA, Aeromed Res Lab, Ft Rucker, AL 36362 USA. RP Crowley, J (reprint author), USA, Aeromed Res Lab, Ft Rucker, AL 36362 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3163-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3689 BP 45 EP 53 DI 10.1117/12.352844 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Optics SC Engineering; Computer Science; Optics GA BN52E UT WOS:000082111800005 ER PT S AU Bhat, RV Gould, GW Gross, R Kesavan, PC Kristiansen, E Lustre, AO Morehourse, KM Osuide, GE Roberts, TA Sapora, O Weise, HP Brynjolfsson, A Diehl, JF Ehlermann, DAE Farkas, J Haruvy, Y Kaferstein, FK Loaharanu, P Moy, GG Raffi, J Satin, M Takeguchi, CA Taub, IA AF Bhat, RV Gould, GW Gross, R Kesavan, PC Kristiansen, E Lustre, AO Morehourse, KM Osuide, GE Roberts, TA Sapora, O Weise, HP Brynjolfsson, A Diehl, JF Ehlermann, DAE Farkas, J Haruvy, Y Kaferstein, FK Loaharanu, P Moy, GG Raffi, J Satin, M Takeguchi, CA Taub, IA GP JOINT FAO AEA/WHO JOINT FAO AEA/WHO JOINT FAO AEA/WHO TI High-dose irradiation: Wholesomeness of food irradiated with doses above 10 kGy - Introduction SO HIGH-DOSE IRRADIATION: WHOLESOMENESS OF FOOD IRRADIATED WITH DOSES ABOVE 10 KGY SE WHO Technical Report Series LA English DT Review ID ELECTRON-SPIN-RESONANCE; FREE-RADICAL REACTIONS; DEBONED CHICKEN MEAT; GAMMA-IRRADIATION; IONIZING-RADIATION; MICROBIOLOGICAL SAFETY; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; CLOSTRIDIUM-BOTULINUM; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; OCHRATOXIN PRODUCTION C1 Indian Council Med Res, Natl Inst Nutr, Jamai Osmania, Hyderabad, India. German Agcy Tech Cooperat, Eschborn, Germany. Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, Biosci Grp, Bombay, Maharashtra, India. Min Food Agr & Fisheries, Danish Vet & Food Adm, Dept Pathol, Inst Toxicol, Soborg, Denmark. Natl Food Author, Food Dev Ctr, Manila, Philippines. Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Food & Drug Adm, Off Premarket Approval, Washington, DC USA. Natl Agcy Food & Drug Adm & Control, Lagos, Nigeria. Ist Super Sanita, Comparat Toxicol & Ecotoxicol Lab, Rome, Italy. Fed Inst Mat Res & Testing, Berlin, Germany. Inst Proc Engn, Fed Res Ctr Nutr, Karlsruhe, Germany. Univ Horticulture & Food Ind, Dept Refrigerat & Liverstock Prod Technol, Budapest, Hungary. Adv Projects Initiat, Div Appl Radiat Therapyb, Yavne, Israel. WHO, Programme Food Safety & Food Aid, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. IAEA, Joint FAO IAEA Div Nucl Techn Food & Agr, Food Preservat Sect, Int Consultat Grp Food Irradiat, Vienna, Austria. Fac Sci & Tech St Jerome, Lab Res Qual Food, F-13397 Marseille, France. FAO, Agr Support Syst Div, Agroind & Postharvest Management Serv, I-00100 Rome, Italy. Phoenix Regulatory Associates Ltd, Sterling, VA USA. USA, Natick Res, Sustainabil Directorate, Dev & Engn Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Bhat, RV (reprint author), Indian Council Med Res, Natl Inst Nutr, Jamai Osmania, Hyderabad, India. NR 489 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 6 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA PA DISTRIBUTION & SALES SERVICE, 1211 27 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SN 0512-3054 BN 92-4-120890-2 J9 WHO TECH REP SER JI WHO Tech. Rep. Ser. PY 1999 VL 890 BP 1 EP 193 PG 193 WC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BP37U UT WOS:000084899400001 ER PT S AU Vorontsov, MA AF Vorontsov, MA BE Gonglewski, JD Vorontsov, MA TI High-resolution wavefront control: adaptive optics and image processing applications SO HIGH-RESOLUTION WAVEFRONT CONTROL: METHODS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Resolution Wavefront Control - Methods, Devices, and Applications CY JUL 19-20, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE DE wavefront control; adaptive optics; image processing; diffractive optics ID PHASE-DISTORTION SUPPRESSION; SYSTEMS; SILICON; MIRROR AB Opto-electronic feedback systems that consist of electrically addressed high-resolution phase spatial light modulators and large-scale arrays of opto-electronic feedback circuits are analyzed. Experiments were performed with a liquid crystal television panel used as a high-resolution phase modulator, and a CCD camera used as a photo-array. By synthesizing various nonlinearities and using controllable spatial coupling one can design systems capable of high-resolution adaptive phase distortion suppression and the formation of self-organized arrays of localized laser beam structures. High-resolution phase arrays are also used here for opto-electronic image edge detection. C1 USA, Res Lab, Informat Sci & Technol Directorate, AMSRL IS CI, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Vorontsov, MA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Informat Sci & Technol Directorate, AMSRL IS CI, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3246-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3760 BP 54 EP 60 DI 10.1117/12.367603 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BP45X UT WOS:000085205600007 ER PT S AU Carhart, GW Vorontsov, MA Cohen, M Cauwenberghs, G Edwards, RT AF Carhart, GW Vorontsov, MA Cohen, M Cauwenberghs, G Edwards, RT BE Gonglewski, JD Vorontsov, MA TI Adaptive wavefront correction using a VLSI implementation of the parallel gradient descent algorithm SO HIGH-RESOLUTION WAVEFRONT CONTROL: METHODS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Resolution Wavefront Control - Methods, Devices, and Applications CY JUL 19-20, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE DE adaptive optics; adaptive focusing; model-free optimization; parallel gradient descent; analog control circuitry ID PHASE-DISTORTION CORRECTION AB An adaptive laser beam focusing system using a 127 channel liquid crystal phase modulator is presented. The controller for the system is a circuit built with prototype VLSI chips that implement the stochastic parallel gradient descent algorithm. The controller is driven by a scalar laser beam quality metric and can run at the rate of 150 kHz. The system performance is characterized and a secondary control loop manipulating one of the algorithm parameters is experimentally investigated. The performance of the system is reported and performance improvements obtained by using the recent history of the beam quality metric to control an algorithm parameter is demonstrated. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Carhart, GW (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3246-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3760 BP 61 EP 66 DI 10.1117/12.367576 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BP45X UT WOS:000085205600008 ER PT S AU Polejaev, VI Barbier, PR Carhart, GW Plett, ML Rush, DW Vorontsov, MA AF Polejaev, VI Barbier, PR Carhart, GW Plett, ML Rush, DW Vorontsov, MA BE Gonglewski, JD Vorontsov, MA TI Adaptive compensation of dynamic wavefront aberrations based on blind optimization technique SO HIGH-RESOLUTION WAVEFRONT CONTROL: METHODS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Resolution Wavefront Control - Methods, Devices, and Applications CY JUL 19-20, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE DE adaptive optics; aberration compensation deformable mirror; dynamic aberrations; optical wireless communications ID PHASE-DISTORTION CORRECTION AB Adaptive optics can be used to improve the performance of a laser communication link by precompensating the laser beam before propagation through the turbulent atmosphere. However, conventional adaptive optics relies on direct wavefront sensing based on bulky CCD cameras. Adaptive optics based on the blind optimization of a single metric offers the potential of being integrated in smaller packages. Previous experimental results have shown that simple adaptive optics based on gradient descent algorithms can optimize a single metric in the present of random static aberrations. In this paper, we present experimental results of dynamic aberration correction based on gradient descend algorithms. The experimental setup included a 37-actuators piezoelectric deformable mirror to distort dynamically an input laser beam and a 37-element micromachined deformable membrane mirror (MMDM) to correct the resulting wavefront distortions. We generated time-varying aberrations using the first mirror and used the light power focused onto a pinhole as our optimization metric. We programmed a computer to maximize this metric and control the shape of the micromachined deformable membrane mirror for wavefront correction. Fire implemented in this computer a simple gradient descend algorithm and a stochastic perturbation,gradient descent algorithm. We present experimental data on the convergence and stability of this adaptive system for various conditions of dynamic turbulence. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Polejaev, VI (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3246-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3760 BP 88 EP 95 DI 10.1117/12.367580 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BP45X UT WOS:000085205600012 ER PT S AU McCarthy, DF AF McCarthy, DF BE Gonglewski, JD Vorontsov, MA TI Architectures for parallel DSP-based adaptive optics feedback control SO HIGH-RESOLUTION WAVEFRONT CONTROL: METHODS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Resolution Wavefront Control - Methods, Devices, and Applications CY JUL 19-20, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE DE digital signal processing; adaptive optics; real-time image processing; SHARC; FPGA AB We have developed a digital image processing system for real-time digital image processing feedback control of adaptive optics systems and simulation of optical image processing algorithms. The system uses multi-computer architecture to capture data from an imaging device such as a charge coupled device (CCD) camera, process the image data, and control a spatial light-modulator, typically a liquid crystal (LC) modulator or a micro-electro mechanical system (MEMS). The system is a Windows NT Pentium-based system combined with a commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) peripheral component interconnect (PCI) bus multi-processor system. The multi-processor is based on the Analog Devices super Harvard architecture computer (SHARC) processor, and field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). The SHARCs provide a scalable reconfigurable C language-based digital signal processing (DSP) development environment. The FPGAs are typically used as reprogrammable interface controllers designed to integrate several off-the-shelf and custom imagers and light modulators into the system. The FPGAs can also be used in concert with the SHARCs for implementation of application-specific high-speed DSP algorithms. C1 USA, Res Lab, Informat Sci & Technol Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP McCarthy, DF (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Informat Sci & Technol Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3246-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3760 BP 96 EP 102 DI 10.1117/12.367581 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BP45X UT WOS:000085205600013 ER PT J AU Arroyo, CM Schafer, RJ Kurt, EM Broomfield, CA Carmichael, AJ AF Arroyo, CM Schafer, RJ Kurt, EM Broomfield, CA Carmichael, AJ TI Response of normal human keratinocytes to sulfur mustard (HD): cytokine release using a non-enzymatic detachment procedure SO HUMAN & EXPERIMENTAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE vesicant agents; keratinocytes; sulfur mustard; ELISA; human keratinocytes; IL-1 beta; IL-6 ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; SKIN; PROLIFERATION; INTERLEUKIN-8; INFLAMMATION; CELLS; IL-8 AB Cytokines play a major role in both acute and chronic inflammatory processes, including those produced by sulfur mustard (HD). This study describes responses of normal human epidermal keratinocyte (NHEK) cells to 2,2'-dichlorodiethyl sulfide, sulfur mustard (HD), defined by interleukin-l beta (IL-1 beta), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) release. A new method for detaching cell to cell adhesion between keratinocytes has been applied. This method permits the characterization of endogenous fluid from cellular content that could be applied for the development of therapeutic intervention. NHEK (typical average cell density 4.4 x 10(6) cells/mL) were exposed to HD (100 and 300 mu M) in keratinocyte growth medium (KGM) for 24 h at 37 degrees C in humidified air. Commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits were used to measure the cytokine release in NHEK during exposure to 100 and 300 mu M of HD. Exposure to 100 mu M HD increased release of cytokines. IL-1 beta (exposed: 1.41x10(-5)pg/cell +/- 1.60 x 10 (6) pg/cell: control 7.10 x 10 (6) pg cell +/- 1.20 x 10 (6) pg/cell), TNF-alpha (exposed: 1.06 x 10 (6) pg/cell +/- 7.3 x 10 (7) pg/cell; control: 4.04 x 10 (6) +/- 2.80 x 10 (7) pg/cell) and IL-8 (exposed: 3.71 x 10(-5) pg/ cell +/- 3.26 x 10 (6) pg/cell; control: 2.99 x 10 (6) pg/cell +/- 8.80 x 10 (7) pg/cell) were significantly enhanced when NHEK cells were detached from culture flasks by non-enzymatic procedures. Cell suspensions of NHEK released low amounts of IL-6 when exposed to 100 mu M for 24 h (exposed: 1.47 x 10(-6) +/- 1.60 x 10 (7) pg/cell; control: 1.28 x 10 (6) +/- 8.40 x 10 (8) pg/cell). However, cell suspensions of NHEK increased levels of IL-6 after exposure to 300 mu M HD (4.67 x 10 (-5) pg/cell +/- 3.90 x 10 (6) pg/cell; control: 3.99 x 10(-6) pg/cell +/- 5.50 x 10 (7) pg/cell). The amount of IL-8 and TNF-alpha present in cell suspensions increased up to 59-fold and fourfold, respectively, above control levels when NHEK cells were exposed to 300 mu M HD. Exposure of NHEK to 300 mu M HD had a highly variable effect on the release of IL-1 beta, where sometimes the secretion of IL-1 beta increased above baseline level and other times decreased in cell suspensions. Supernatants were collected from cell culture flasks 24 h after exposure of 100 and 300 mu M and significantly increased levels of IL-6 were observed. IL-6 was released in a concentration-dependent manner, 3.6-fold up to 8.4-fold, respectively, in supernatant. These proinflammatory mediators IL-1 beta, IL-8, TNF-alpha and IL-6 may play an important role in HD injury. The present findings suggest that cytokine changes detected could be used as potential biomarkers of cutaneous vesicant injury. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, MCMR, UV,DA, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ Res, Participat Program, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Arroyo, CM (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, MCMR, UV,DA, 3100 Ricketts Point Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 27 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0144-5952 J9 HUM EXP TOXICOL JI Hum. Exp. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 18 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1191/096032799678839329 PG 11 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 163YP UT WOS:000078434700001 PM 10025362 ER PT S AU Sadler, BM Kozick, RJ Moore, T AF Sadler, BM Kozick, RJ Moore, T GP IEEE IEEE TI Performance analysis for direction finding in non-Gaussian noise SO ICASSP '99: 1999 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, PROCEEDINGS VOLS I-VI SE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP 99) CY MAR 15-19, 1999 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP IEEE, IEEE Signal Proc Soc ID IMPULSIVE NOISE; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; MUSIC AB We consider narrowband angle of arrival estimation in non-Gaussian (NG) noise channels, such as arises in some indoor and outdoor mobile communications channels. We develop a general expression for the Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) for direction finding using arrays for deterministic signals plus lid non-Gaussian noise, generalizing the Gaussian CRB. The CRBs for the noise and direction parameters decouple. The CRB for direction finding is expressed as a product of two terms that depend on the noise distribution, and the signal, respectively We illustrate the results for a Gaussian mixture pdf, and present simulation results comparing five direction finding algorithms. An approach based on the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm, that simultaneously estimates the noise parameters, the signal directions, and the signal waveforms, is shown to achieve the CRB over a wide SNR range. C1 Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Sadler, BM (reprint author), Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1520-6149 BN 0-7803-5041-3 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 1999 BP 2857 EP 2860 DI 10.1109/ICASSP.1999.761358 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Computer Science; Engineering GA BM75N UT WOS:000079690700717 ER PT B AU Lever, JH Gooch, G AF Lever, JH Gooch, G BE Shen, HT TI Model and field performance of a sloped block ice control structure SO ICE IN SURFACE WATERS, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Symposium on Ice CY JUL 27-31, 1998 CL POTSDAM, NY SP Int Assoc Hydraul Res, Natl Sci Fdn, USA, Res Off, New York Power Author AB We recently developed a low-cost structure to control breakup ice jams in small rivers. It consists of massive, sloped blocks spaced across the river adjacent to a natural floodplain. Optimized through a series of 1:10-scale model tests, this structure has performed well since its construction in Hardwick, Vermont, in September 1994. Here we compare its performance during breakup in January 1996 with the results obtained for a similar model test. The jam-initiation surge in the field was half the amplitude of the model surge, causing a more porous, thinner grounded toe at the structure. Consequently, the field jam released after about 3 hours, whereas the model structure held the jam throughout the test. A more severe breakup event is needed to assess the effectiveness structure and the modeling used for its design. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Lever, JH (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5410-973-4 PY 1999 BP 647 EP 652 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BP38R UT WOS:000084945600001 ER PT B AU Zabilansky, LJ AF Zabilansky, LJ BE Shen, HT TI Vertical ice forces and aspect ratio of pile diameter vs ice thickness SO ICE IN SURFACE WATERS, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Symposium on Ice CY JUL 27-31, 1998 CL POTSDAM, NY SP Int Assoc Hydraul Res, Natl Sci Fdn, USA, Res Off, New York Power Author AB Marine structures that become frozen into an ice sheet are subjected to vertical ice forces as the ice sheet responds to changes in the water level. Typically this uplifting load governs the design of light-duty, pile-founded dock structures common in marinas. Hence, reducing the vertical ice loads will directly lead to lower costs for such structures. A passive technique to reduce the design load is the selection of the diameter of the pile used to support the dock. To quantify the benefit, a test series using four wooden pile diameters with different ice thicknesses was conducted using freshwater ice in the Refrigerated Test Basin at CRREL. The ratio of pile diameter to: ice thickness varied from 0.5 to 6.5 with a corresponding reduction of failure stress from 420 to 100 kPa. Also presented is an analysis of how the testing techniques commonly used to model the uplifting-ice-force process may influence the test results. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Ice Engn Res Div, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Zabilansky, LJ (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Ice Engn Res Div, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5410-973-4 PY 1999 BP 653 EP 657 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BP38R UT WOS:000084945600002 ER PT B AU Zufelt, JE Fisken, MJ AF Zufelt, JE Fisken, MJ BE Shen, HT TI Measuring the frictional properties of particulate model ice SO ICE IN SURFACE WATERS, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Symposium on Ice CY JUL 27-31, 1998 CL POTSDAM, NY SP Int Assoc Hydraul Res, Natl Sci Fdn, USA, Res Off, New York Power Author AB The numerical modeling of ice jam evolution, including shoving and thickening events, requires knowledge of many ice parameters. The friction coefficient between the ice and the bank (or more correctly, the ice shear zone near the bank) is especially important as it relates to the major resisting force to downstream ice motion. While most numerical models treat the coefficient of friction as a constant value, it likely changes from a higher, static value to a lower, dynamic one as an ice accumulation fails and comes into motion. This paper describes tests undertaken to measure the static and dynamic coefficients of friction for a plastic model ice material. The resulting measurements are compared to currently used empirical formulae for granular materials. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Zufelt, JE (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5410-973-4 PY 1999 BP 733 EP 738 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BP38R UT WOS:000084945600013 ER PT B AU White, KD AF White, KD BE Shen, HT TI 1-D streamwise finite element model of dissolved oxygen under river ice SO ICE IN SURFACE WATERS, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Symposium on Ice CY JUL 27-31, 1998 CL POTSDAM, NY SP Int Assoc Hydraul Res, Natl Sci Fdn, USA, Res Off, New York Power Author ID 2 YUKON RIVERS AB Dissolved oxygen (DO), a critical element in riverine systems, is required to support aquatic life and maintain good water quality. The presence of an ice cover can limit reaeration, resulting in additional depletion of oxygen to levels that are below those required to support aquatic life and degrade wastewater effluents. In addition, rivers that rely largely on groundwater inflow during the winter may already be suffering from oxygen depletion because of the generally low levels of oxygen in groundwater. While DO modeling of rivers in open water, warm weather conditions is successful, the additional complexities introduced by ice as well as limited continuous data regarding the biochemical characteristics of flow in ice-covered rivers have prevented the development of a relatively simple model for estimating DO in the ice-covered case. This paper presents a preliminary 1-D finite element model based on the modified Streeter-Phelps equations describing oxygen deficits, and provides a brief comparison with numerical results obtained by McBean et. al. (1979). C1 USA, CRREL, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP White, KD (reprint author), USA, CRREL, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5410-973-4 PY 1999 BP 801 EP 807 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BP38R UT WOS:000084945600022 ER PT B AU Gow, AJ AF Gow, AJ BE Shen, HT TI Test tank studies of freshwater and saline ice sheets SO ICE IN SURFACE WATERS, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Symposium on Ice CY JUL 27-31, 1998 CL POTSDAM, NY SP Int Assoc Hydraul Res, Natl Sci Fdn, USA, Res Off, New York Power Author ID SEA ICE; MICROWAVE AB Both an indoor and outdoor ponds were used to fabricate freshwater and saline ice sheets that closely simulated their natural counterparts. Factors controlling the growth of SI and S2 type freshwater ice sheets were determined and a number of sheets of both ice type were fabricated in conjunction with beam tests to evaluate the effects of crystal size variation, c-axis orientation and the thermal state of the ice on its flexural strength. Saline ice studies, carried out in conjunction with an electromagnetic properties of sea ice research project included the fabrication of sheets of diverse ice type, including frazil/pancake ice, columnar-congelation ice progressing to mature first-year ice analogues, and ice sheets transitional to multiyear ice. Experimental details related to the growth history, structural characteristics, salinity, and thermal modification of saline ice sheets are presented. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Gow, AJ (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5410-973-4 PY 1999 BP 897 EP 903 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BP38R UT WOS:000084945600036 ER PT B AU Cole, DM Durell, GD AF Cole, DM Durell, GD BE Shen, HT TI Strain history effects on the anelastic and viscous straining of saline ice SO ICE IN SURFACE WATERS, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Symposium on Ice CY JUL 27-31, 1998 CL POTSDAM, NY SP Int Assoc Hydraul Res, Natl Sci Fdn, USA, Res Off, New York Power Author AB The results of creep and cyclic loading experiments on laboratory-prepared saline ice specimens are presented, and a method is developed to calculate an effective mobile dislocation density for ice specimens based on their cyclic loading response. This method provides a means to track increases in the dislocation density, and thus anelastic compliance, that occur during creep straining. An expression for the stress and strain dependence of the dislocation density is presented and shown to be in good agreement with the experimental findings. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Cole, DM (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5410-973-4 PY 1999 BP 989 EP 994 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BP38R UT WOS:000084945600048 ER PT J AU Goldiez, B Rogers, R Woodard, P AF Goldiez, B Rogers, R Woodard, P TI Real-time visual simulation on PCs SO IEEE COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article C1 Inst Simulat & Training, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ, Daytona Beach, FL USA. USA, Simulat Training & Instrumentat Command, Washington, DC USA. RP Goldiez, B (reprint author), Inst Simulat & Training, 3280 Progress Dr, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. NR 5 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0272-1716 J9 IEEE COMPUT GRAPH JI IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 19 IS 1 BP 11 EP 15 DI 10.1109/38.736463 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 149XC UT WOS:000077631100003 ER PT J AU Hanratty, T Helfman, R Dumer, J Baur, E Ingham, H AF Hanratty, T Helfman, R Dumer, J Baur, E Ingham, H TI Soldier-centric knowledge engineering: lessons from TED SO IEEE INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS & THEIR APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article C1 USA, Res Lab, Intelligent Syst Branch, AMSRL IS CI, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Hanratty, T (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Intelligent Syst Branch, AMSRL IS CI, Bldg 116A, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1094-7167 J9 IEEE INTELL SYST APP JI IEEE Intell. Syst. Appl. PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 14 IS 1 BP 78 EP 80 DI 10.1109/5254.747912 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 165DD UT WOS:000078503400014 ER PT J AU Newell, T Wu, X Gray, AL Dorato, S Lee, H Lester, LF AF Newell, T Wu, X Gray, AL Dorato, S Lee, H Lester, LF TI The effect of increased valence band offset on the operation of 2 mu m GaInAsSb-AlGaAsSb lasers SO IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE gallium antimonide; quantum-well devices; quantum-well lasers; semiconductor lasers ID QUANTUM-WELL LASERS; POWER; 2.0-MU-M; DIODES AB Two and four quantum-well (QW) GaInAsSb-AlGaAsSb lasers emitting at 2 mu m are reported. In comparison to previously published data, it is found that higher Al content in the QW barrier improves the internal efficiency,saturated modal gain, and characteristic temperature of the lasers, These results are attributed to an increased valence band offset that provides superior hole confinement in the GaInAsSb QW, A differential efficiency of 74% is observed at 25 degrees C under pulsed conditions for a 900-mu m cavity length, 2-QW device, and a record characteristic temperature of 140 K is measured for a 4-QW laser. C1 Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. David Sarnoff Res Ctr, Princeton, NJ 08453 USA. RP Newell, T (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. NR 19 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1041-1135 J9 IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L JI IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 11 IS 1 BP 30 EP 32 DI 10.1109/68.736380 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 152GR UT WOS:000077768800010 ER PT B AU Miska, EP Mahar, JR AF Miska, EP Mahar, JR GP IEEE POWER ENGN SOC IEEE POWER ENGN SOC IEEE POWER ENGN SOC IEEE POWER ENGN SOC TI PC based control systems for large hydro projects - Hydroelectric design center - Corps of engineers SO IEEE POWER ENGINEERING SOCIETY - 1999 WINTER MEETING, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1999 IEEE Power-Engineering-Society Winter Meeting CY JAN 31-FEB 04, 1999 CL NEW YORK, NY SP IEEE Power Engn Soc C1 USA, Corps Engineers, HDC, Portland, OR USA. RP Miska, EP (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, HDC, Portland, OR USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4894-X PY 1999 BP 213 EP 217 DI 10.1109/PESW.1999.747457 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BM44Z UT WOS:000078775100042 ER PT B AU Brand, J Brodeen, A Lopez, M Coleman, R Preston, K AF Brand, J Brodeen, A Lopez, M Coleman, R Preston, K GP IEEE IEEE TI Network analysis of a multi-node net with a tactical communications protocol SO IEEE SOUTHEASTCON '99, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Southeastcon 99 Conference on Technology on the Brink of 2000 CY MAR 25-28, 1999 CL LEXINGTON, KY SP IEEE Reg 3, IEEE Lexington Sect, IEEE Student Branch AB The U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) has conducted hardware-in-the loop experiments using combat net radios, message drivers, and tactical communications protocols to quantify the effects of network load parameters on the throughput and delay of a small combat radio net. A virtual reality network management tool will enhance the data analysis. The Situation Awareness Virtual Environment for Command, Control, and Communications (SAVEC3) Net Battle Management Tool is a software package developed by Quality Research, inc. under the auspices of the Small Business Innovative Research program. The tool currently displays a network level statistics window and individual statistics icons for each node and link. A statistical tool has been developed to provide performance analysis of the data stream beyond the simple net status currently available. In its present standalone form the statistical tool gets its input from data collected during previous experiments. The statistical tool has the capability to open individual link and node statistics windows displaying optional data such as the recent time history of link or node utilization, retransmit statistics, and effective throughput and message delay, thereby enhancing network performance analysis. The software calculates and logs network statistics continuously for all elements (nodes and links) supported by the processed data, and a choice of statistical measures can be displayed on demand for the operator. The software calculates the statistical measures both from the start time and from an operator-selectable time interval. The network statistics are presented by graphical displays in operator-selectable windows, as well as numerical boxes. Integration of the statistical package into the SAVEC3 Net Battle Management Tool is planned for summer FY99, This paper discusses the statistical tool in greater detail. C1 USA, Res Lab, Telecommun & Informat Distribut Div, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Brand, J (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Telecommun & Informat Distribut Div, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-5237-8 PY 1999 BP 44 EP 46 DI 10.1109/SECON.1999.766088 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BN28Q UT WOS:000081429100010 ER PT J AU Fair, HD Schmidt, EM AF Fair, HD Schmidt, EM TI The science and technology of electric launch: A US perspective SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Symposium on Electromagnetic Launch Technology CY MAY 13-15, 1998 CL EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND SP Univ Texas Inst Adv Technol DE armatures; electric gun; electric launchers; electromagnetic; electrothermochemical; railgun AB The U.S. continues its focused research on the fundamental physics and engineering challenges in developing electric launchers for specific military applications. These efforts include compact pulsed power sources, power conditioning, armatures, integrated (armature/sabot/projectile) launch packages, electromagnetic and electrothermochemical launchers, advanced materials and diagnostics and technology and systems integration modeling and simulation, Important advances have been achieved in the understanding and technological applications of electric launchers, These will be discussed in the context of specific applications to future ground combat vehicles. C1 Univ Texas, Inst Adv Technol, Austin, TX 78759 USA. USA, Res Lab, AMSRL WM B, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Fair, HD (reprint author), Univ Texas, Inst Adv Technol, 4030-2 W Braker Lane, Austin, TX 78759 USA. NR 48 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 35 IS 1 BP 11 EP 18 DI 10.1109/20.738367 PN 1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 156PB UT WOS:000078009000005 ER PT J AU Hopkins, DA Stefani, F Hsieh, KT Kim, BK AF Hopkins, DA Stefani, F Hsieh, KT Kim, BK TI Analysis of startup behavior in a "C-shaped" armature using linked EMAP3D/DYNA3D finite element codes SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Symposium on Electromagnetic Launch Technology CY MAY 13-15, 1998 CL EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND SP Univ Texas Inst Adv Technol DE DYNA 3D; dynamic structural analysis hydro-code; electromagnetic analysis; finite element analysis; finite element method; solid armature AB An important consideration in the design of solid armatures is whether they maintain good solid-on-solid sliding contact during the initial portion of a launch, when the magnetic pressure is too low to provide sufficient loading of the contact faces. This paper analyzes the complete electrical/structural startup behavior of a "C-shaped" armature in the 40-mm, square bore, laboratory launcher at the WT, using a pair of linked 3D finite element codes. A first analysis solves for the electromagnetic loading on conductors using the EM code EMAP3D. A second analysis uses the hydrocode DYNA3D to solve the dynamic response of the armature, rails, insulators, and railgun containment using the results from EMAP3D as forcing functions. Peak displacements transverse to the direction of motion are found to be on the order of 0.1 mm. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, WM,PD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. Univ Texas, Inst Adv Technol, Austin, TX 78759 USA. Kwangwoon Univ, Nowon Gu, Seoul 139701, South Korea. RP Hopkins, DA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, WM,PD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 7 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 35 IS 1 BP 59 EP 64 DI 10.1109/20.738376 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 156PB UT WOS:000078009000014 ER PT J AU Powell, JD Zielinski, AE AF Powell, JD Zielinski, AE TI Observation and simulation of solid-armature railgun performance SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Symposium on Electromagnetic Launch Technology CY MAY 13-15, 1998 CL EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND SP Univ Texas Inst Adv Technol DE armature dynamics; armature wear; solid-armature railgun AB A model previously developed to investigate current and heat transport in solid-armature railguns is extended. The model is two dimensional and invloves the solution of coupled Maxwell and heat transport equations in both the armature and rails. The principal extensions include the development of a transformation that maps an armature of fairly arbitrary shape in a rectangular computational region, and the inclusion of melting within the appropriate governing equations. The model is applied to analyze an armature under recent experimental study. Temperature and induction-field profiles are calculated as functions of both space and time. Recent experimental data, indicative of the performance of the armature, are also presented and correlated where possible with results of the calculations. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Powell, JD (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 11 TC 8 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 35 IS 1 BP 84 EP 89 DI 10.1109/20.738382 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 156PB UT WOS:000078009000019 ER PT J AU Zielinski, AE Weinacht, P Powell, JD AF Zielinski, AE Weinacht, P Powell, JD TI Effect of railgun electrodynamics on armature discard SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Symposium on Electromagnetic Launch Technology CY MAY 13-15, 1998 CL EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND SP Univ Texas Inst Adv Technol DE accuracy; armature discard; electrodynamics; launch dynamics ID SIMULATION AB An experiment was conducted to examine the role that electromagnetics plays during the sabot discard process. This investigation is less rigorous than an accuracy test but uses a number of performance indicators, including measured downrange magnetic fields, to quantify the effect on subprojectile performance. The test program consisted of two sets of shots with different armature current profiles. A muzzle switch, which closed prior to exit, was employed to tailor the current and armature acceleration profiles. The exit velocity was 1,100 m/s for both profiles so as to maintain the same aerodynamic pressure loads during armature discard. The time rate of change of launcher and switch currents and launcher voltages were measured. In addition, the time rate of change of the armature magnetic field was measured downrange from the launcher. The residual magnetic field in the armature after exit produced no observable effect on the sabot discard process. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Zielinski, AE (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 35 IS 1 BP 112 EP 117 DI 10.1109/20.738387 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 156PB UT WOS:000078009000024 ER PT J AU Zielinski, AE Weinacht, P AF Zielinski, AE Weinacht, P TI Effect of railgun electrodynamics on projectile launch dynamics SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Symposium on Electromagnetic Launch Technology CY MAY 13-15, 1998 CL EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND SP Univ Texas Inst Adv Technol DE accuracy; armature discard; electrodynamics; launch dynamics ID SIMULATION AB A series of experiments were conducted for examining the disturbances acting upon a subprojectile during electromagnetic launch. This investigation uses a number of performance indicators, including target impact dispersion, to quantify the causes. The effects of armature contact configuration and in-bore acceleration profile on the launch process were considered. The test program consisted of two armature contact configurations and two in-bore accelerations. Twenty-eight shots were fired, of which 15 were slugs. For the test matrix, the nominal exit velocity was 1,100m/s. The in-bore acceleration profile was varied by diverting the armature current with a time delayed closing switch, located at the muzzle of the railgun. Effects from the launch disturbances were quantified by use of flash x-rays, smear camera photography, and yaw card and target impacts. The time-rate-of-change of launcher and switch currents and launcher voltages were measured. Results indicate significant differences in ballistic performance for the two front contact configurations. Also, to a lesser extent, differences were observed for the two in-bore acceleration profiles. In-bore dynamics initiated from the deviation from the bore centerline are believed to cause these differences. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Zielinski, AE (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 35 IS 1 BP 118 EP 123 DI 10.1109/20.738388 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 156PB UT WOS:000078009000025 ER PT J AU Zielinski, AE Weinacht, P AF Zielinski, AE Weinacht, P TI Improved integrated launch package ballistic performance SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Symposium on Electromagnetic Launch Technology CY MAY 13-15, 1998 CL EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND SP Univ Texas Inst Adv Technol DE accuracy; dispersion; jump test; launch dynamics AB A detailed experimental investigation of the launch and flight performance of a kinetic energy fin-stabilized penetrator has been performed. The Integrated Launch Package (ILP) consists of the subprojectile and mid-riding armature, The armature front contact is electrically insulated from the rails. This configuration has shown potential for effectively managing the launch disturbances. To evaluate the transitional ballistics, aeroballistics, and jump characteristics, single-shot firings with an exit velocity of 1,350 m/s were conducted at the ARL Transonic Experimental Facility, APG, MD. The impact data show larger variability in the vertical direction than in the horizontal direction. Results from the jump survey indicate that effects of the deviation from the launcher centerline (i.e., straightness) contribute significantly to the target impact dispersion. Substantial contributions from the linear and angular rates at the muzzle are evident in the vertical direction, The contribution attributable to sabot discard in either plane is minimal. When possible, comparisons are made to our earlier investigation which examined the ballistic behavior of a similar ILP with a conducting front contact. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Zielinski, AE (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 35 IS 1 BP 124 EP 129 DI 10.1109/20.738389 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 156PB UT WOS:000078009000026 ER PT J AU Berning, PR Hummer, CR Hollandsworth, CE AF Berning, PR Hummer, CR Hollandsworth, CE TI A coilgun-based plate launch system SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Symposium on Electromagnetic Launch Technology CY MAY 13-15, 1998 CL EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND SP Univ Texas Inst Adv Technol AB The characteristics and performance of a system for launching metal plates, based on a subscale prototype of a magnetic induction gun, are described. This system is meant to augment the armor of a combat vehicle, by allowing for the interception and disruption of incoming rounds before they strike. Electromagnetic launch is being considered as an alternative to explosive launch because it has several advantages: it causes no damage to the platform, does not require a special logistics train, allows for novel launch geometries, and ties in well with the concept of an all-electric vehicle. The launcher is similar to one previously reported, however significant changes have been made in both its design and its power supply design. A brief history of the evolution of launcher designs at the U.S. Army Research Laboratory is included and key design issues, as identified by both experimentation and theoretical modeling, are presented. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Berning, PR (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 10 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 35 IS 1 BP 136 EP 141 DI 10.1109/20.738391 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 156PB UT WOS:000078009000028 ER PT J AU Katulka, GL White, KJ Oberle, WF Kaste, P Pesce-Rodriguez, R Leadore, M AF Katulka, GL White, KJ Oberle, WF Kaste, P Pesce-Rodriguez, R Leadore, M TI Experimental characterization of plasma effects on energetic materials for electrothermal-chemical launch applications SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Symposium on Electromagnetic Launch Technology CY MAY 13-15, 1998 CL EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND SP Univ Texas Inst Adv Technol DE electrothermal/electrothermal-chemical launchers AB Energetic electrical plasmas play a fundamental role in the electrothermal-chemical (ETC) propulsion concept, where they are used to provide energy conversion from an electrical power source to the combustion chamber of an ETC launcher. Recent research in the areas of large-caliber ETC gun experiments as well as small-scale plasma experiments have demonstrated the ability to alter the propellant combustion process and the chemical or physical properties of propellant samples exposed to energetic electrical plasmas, Such results have warranted continued investigations into the underlying processes involved in propellant and plasma interactions, specifically in the behavior of exposed propellant samples to plasmas operating at varying degrees of electrical power, Experimental characterization has been performed with various samples of energetic materials including JA2, CL20, RDX, M9, M30, M43, HELP, and BAMO-AMMO (BA), which were allowed to interact with plasmas having different electrical power levels. The plasma power level ranged from 60 MW to a maximum of 264 MW, and total energy transferred to the plasma capillary ranged from 17 to 70 kJ, Propellant samples were analyzed using a Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) technique, which was used to determine the effects of plasma exposure on the energetic materials, Preliminary results from the experiments indicate that some propellant formulations are easily altered (either chemically or physically) or ignited by a plasma while others are less sensitive to the plasma exposure. rn addition, the effects of the plasma are found to be minimized with the introduction of protective films even for plasmas of high power and energy levels. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, AMSRL,WM,PA, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Katulka, GL (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, AMSRL,WM,PA, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 6 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 35 IS 1 BP 197 EP 200 DI 10.1109/20.738403 PN 1 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 156PB UT WOS:000078009000040 ER PT J AU Oberle, W Wren, G AF Oberle, W Wren, G TI Energy distribution and radiative heat loss in electrothermal-chemical (ETC) closed chambers SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Symposium on Electromagnetic Launch Technology CY MAY 13-15, 1998 CL EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND SP Univ Texas Inst Adv Technol DE burn rate; electrothermal-chemical; radiation and solid propellant AB This work investigates the impact, on electrothermal-chemical (ETC) closed chamber data analysis results, of treating the plasma energy and mass in a more detailed manner than is generally considered. In addition, the extent of energy loss due to radiation in the ETC closed chamber is addressed. Experimental ETC closed chamber data is analyzed to determine the impact of treating the plasma and the net radiation loss more exactly than currently implemented. Major observations are: I) ionization energy is minimal, 2) dissociation energy should not be included in the data analysis, 3) high heat losses in ETC firings are expected and 4) approximately 20% of the total electrical energy may be lost doe to radiation. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, WM,BE, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Oberle, W (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, WM,BE, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 35 IS 1 BP 207 EP 212 DI 10.1109/20.738405 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 156PB UT WOS:000078009000042 ER PT J AU Powell, JD Thornhill, LD Batteh, JH Verdon, M AF Powell, JD Thornhill, LD Batteh, JH Verdon, M TI Current distribution and resistance characteristics in plasma injectors for electrothermal-chemical launch SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Symposium on Electromagnetic Launch Technology CY MAY 13-15, 1998 CL EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND SP Univ Texas Inst Adv Technol DE electrothermal launcher; plasma capillary; plasma igniter; plasma injector AB A two-dimensional model is developed for investigating electrical conduction in plasma injectors that consist of a periodic array of solid and plasma conductors. The model studied is general but the basic analysis applies to a variety of devices and experimental situations. Calculation are undertaken to determine the preferred conduction pathways as well as the impedance in such an injector as a function of several relevant parameters. These parameters include the relative dimensions of the solid and the aspect ratio of the conduction domain. It is shown that under some conditions the current will flow predominantly in the plasma and bypass the low-resistance path provided by the solid. Such an event is undesirable far several reasons discussed, and methods for preventing its occurrence are suggested. Additional calculations include the resistance of the injector and the fractional amount of current that flows through the solid. These quantities are shown to depend on the various length scales pertinent to the problem. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Marietta, GA USA. RP Powell, JD (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 35 IS 1 BP 218 EP 223 DI 10.1109/20.738407 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 156PB UT WOS:000078009000044 ER PT J AU Wren, GP Oberle, WF Hosangadi, A AF Wren, GP Oberle, WF Hosangadi, A TI Influence of radiation on grain heating in ETC closed chambers SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Symposium on Electromagnetic Launch Technology CY MAY 13-15, 1998 CL EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND SP Univ Texas Inst Adv Technol DE electrothermal-chemical; plasma; radiation AB A model of radiation from an ETC plasma is proposed to investigate bulk heating of the propellant. The radiant energy is transmitted to the solid propellant, the combustion chamber gases, and the chamber walls. A numerical simulation is used to compute the enhancement in the burning rate of the solid propellant as a result of the bulk temperature increase. The model is applied to a closed chamber ETC firing and indicates that absorption of radiant energy is sufficient to increase the bulk temperature of the propellant to a level which would have a significant impact on the gas generation rate. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, WM,BE, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. Combust Res & Flow Technol Inc, Dublin, PA 18917 USA. RP Wren, GP (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, WM,BE, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 35 IS 1 BP 234 EP 239 DI 10.1109/20.738410 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 156PB UT WOS:000078009000047 ER PT J AU Katulka, GL Kolodzey, J Olowolafe, J AF Katulka, GL Kolodzey, J Olowolafe, J TI Analysis of high-temperature materials for application to electric weapon technology SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Symposium on Electromagnetic Launch Technology CY MAY 13-15, 1998 CL EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND SP Univ Texas Inst Adv Technol DE power conditioning and energy storage AB Materials research involving novel semiconductors for application to high-temperature electronics has taken on much interest recently by the scientific community. While silicon (Si) based electronic materials and devices continue to play a dominant role in much of the electrical power industry, novel high-power and high-temperature materials are of great interest to the electric combat systems community The technical interest in silicon carbide (SiC) is mainly due to its ability to operate at greatly elevated power and temperature (>300 degrees C) levels compared to its Si-based counterpart. High-power and temperature pulsed-power electronics can be exploited by future military combat systems, which could potentially provide significantly improved combat vehicle performance including increased lethality through extending the maximum obtainable gun performance using advanced electric weapon concepts such as electrothermal-chemical (ETC) and electromagnetic (EM) gun technologies. The results of recent experiments conducted at the U.S, Army Research Laboratory (ARL) and the University of Delaware demonstrate the electrical behavior of SiC and metal ohmic-contact layers as a function of thermal stress. It has been determined from these experiments that both titanium (Ti) and tantalum (Ta) metalization structures will provide a stable electrical ohmic-contact with n-type SiC at elevated temperatures for short bursts of time that are considered relevant for pulsed-powered electric weapon technologies. The Ti-SiC structure investigated exhibited a stable current-voltage (I-V) characteristic to as much as 800 degrees C for a 10-min burst, while Ta metalizations provided a stable I-V characteristic on SiC even after a temperature burst of 1,000 degrees C for as long as a 3-min interval. For samples of n-type, 4H SiC, metalized with (Ti), the standard deviation in resistance (resistivity) of the measured samples is less than 0.17 ohms for a sample having an average resistance of 4.45 ohms. The Ti-SiC sample was exposed to an elevated temperature range of 300-1,120 degrees C. For the Ta contact on SIG, the standard deviation in resistance is 0.05 ohms for a sample having an average resistance of 4.25 ohms over a temperature range of 600-1,120 degrees C. The experiments showed that for both Ti and Ta metalized SiC samples, the change in resistivity of annealed samples is between 3.8% and 1.2% compared to the average values of sample resistance based upon the I-V measurement technique used. These results indicate the ability of Ti-SiC and Ta-SiC structures to perform in a stable manner without significant electrical degradation to the metal contact, SIC substrate, or the metal-semiconductor interface as a function of high-temperature burst conditions. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, AMSRL,WM,PA, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Katulka, GL (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, AMSRL,WM,PA, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 15 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 35 IS 1 BP 356 EP 360 DI 10.1109/20.738431 PN 1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 156PB UT WOS:000078009000068 ER PT J AU Zielinski, AE Le, CD Bennett, JA AF Zielinski, AE Le, CD Bennett, JA TI In-bore electric and magnetic field environment SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Symposium on Electromagnetic Launch Technology CY MAY 13-15, 1998 CL EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND SP Univ Texas Inst Adv Technol DE electric field; magnetic field; measurements; spectra AB A jointly sponsored ARDEC-ARL effort is under way to investigate and evaluate the electromagnetic (EM) field environment to which launch package electronics will be exposed during EM launch. In addition, exposure trials were performed on electronic circuit components, with diagnostic tests conducted before and after exposure to establish that the hardware is working properly or to ascertain the existence/nature of an induced malfunction. Tests for the in-bore environment are conducted for a stationary armature in a short section of a 50-mm railgun. Two contact states are studied: solid and arcing (i.e., transitioned). The magnetic field ahead of the armature is measured as a function of axial position. The measurements are made in the same location where the circuit components are located, A 500-MHz high voltage probe is used to measure the voltage at the muzzle of the railgun, and the electric field is measured outside the gun bore. Based on these measurements, the in-bore electric field content will be inferred. Both the electric and magnetic fields are evaluated, based on their spectral content and electronic circuit component functionality. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. USA, ARDEC, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07801 USA. RP Zielinski, AE (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 6 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 35 IS 1 BP 457 EP 462 DI 10.1109/20.738451 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 156PB UT WOS:000078009000088 ER PT J AU Zielinski, AE Le, CD Bennett, JA Kohlberg, I AF Zielinski, AE Le, CD Bennett, JA Kohlberg, I TI Railgun electric fields: Theory and experiment SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Symposium on Electromagnetic Launch Technology CY MAY 13-15, 1998 CL EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND SP Univ Texas Inst Adv Technol DE electric field; antenna AB Recent experiments were conducted and related three-dimensional theoretical predictions were made to identify sources of the electric field (E-field) near the ARL 15-mm and 50-mm square-bore railguns during the pulse discharge. This work was undertaken to better understand the results of earlier studies which reported measured E-field pulse shapes that resembled the muzzle voltage but whose magnitudes were much larger than those predicted on the basis of quasi-static currents Rowing only in the rails and armature. In these recent experiments, an armature was stationary in the bore of the railgun while the E-field was measured. Peak currents for the 15-mm and 50-mm bore railguns were 72 kA and 233 kA respectively. Two types of E-field probes were used to provide the measured data. The transient E-field data were measured at various locations along the length of the rail and with and without the power supply shorted at its output. As such, the dominant features of the E-field attributable to the coupling of the railgun with the breech and power supply could be identified. Based on the analytical predictions and the measured E-field data, it is suspected that the high E-fields were caused by current sources within the power supply and railgun breech conductor systems. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. USA, ARDEC, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07801 USA. Kohlberg Assoc Inc, Reston, VA 20190 USA. RP Zielinski, AE (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 35 IS 1 BP 463 EP 468 DI 10.1109/20.738452 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 156PB UT WOS:000078009000089 ER PT J AU Ghogho, M Swami, A AF Ghogho, M Swami, A TI Fast computation of the exact FIM for deterministic signals in colored noise SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Cramer-Rao bound; deterministic signals; fast algorithm; Fisher information matrix; posterior sinusoids ID CRAMER-RAO BOUNDS; PARAMETERS; SINUSOIDS; MATRIX AB A fast algorithm for computing the exact finite-sample Fisher information matrix (FIM) for the parameters of a deterministic signal observed in Gaussian AR noise is derived. In the case of a harmonic signal with random phases, closed-form expressions for the finite-sample posterior Cramer-Rao Bound (PCRB) are established, It is shown that the fast algorithm is also useful for computing the conditional CRB when the additive noise is a non-Gaussian AR process. It is seen that the asymptotic CRB mal deviate significantly from the exact CRB even when the data length is moderate, whereas the PCRB, which is easy to compute, provides a better approximation. Theoretical results are illustrated via numerical evaluation of the different lower bounds. C1 Univ Strathclyde, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Signal Proc Div, Glasgow G1 1XW, Lanark, Scotland. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Ghogho, M (reprint author), Univ Strathclyde, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Signal Proc Div, Glasgow G1 1XW, Lanark, Scotland. EM rnounir@spd.eee.strath.ac.uk; a.swami@ieee.org NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1053-587X J9 IEEE T SIGNAL PROCES JI IEEE Trans. Signal Process. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 47 IS 1 BP 52 EP 61 DI 10.1109/78.738239 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 149UZ UT WOS:000077625400006 ER PT B AU Marshall, W AF Marshall, W BE Dennis, J TI Thermo-chemical damage mechanism for retinal thermal models SO ILSC'99: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL LASER SAFETY CONFERENCE SE LASER INSTITUTE OF AMERICA - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Laser Safety Conference (ILSC 99) CY MAR 08-11, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Laser Inst Amer AB Computer programs are available which will calculate retinal temperature rise based on energy deposition by a laser beam. A damage integral can then be applied to the temperature-time history to predict whether the laser exposure would have resulted in injury. Current damage models do not predict damage well enough to generally be used in establishing exposure limits. Computer programs have been used to assist in establishing algorithms for predicting injury when the retinal image has an odd shape, based on known injury levels for circular well defined images. The current damage models fail to accurately model the increase in damage threshold with increased image size, for short exposures (less than a few microseconds). A damage formula is introduced which predicts retinal injury levels that closely match those found from animal research, for various image sizes for these short exposures. C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Laser Opt Radiat Program, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Marshall, W (reprint author), USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Laser Opt Radiat Program, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LASER INST AMERICA PI ORLANDO PA 12424 RESEARCH PKWY, STE 130, ORLANDO, FL 32826 USA BN 0-912035-17-4 J9 LIA P PY 1999 VL 4 BP 37 EP 46 PG 10 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Ophthalmology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Ophthalmology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BN49H UT WOS:000082032700005 ER PT B AU Ness, JW Zwick, H Lund, DJ Lund, B Stuck, BE Sliney, DH AF Ness, JW Zwick, H Lund, DJ Lund, B Stuck, BE Sliney, DH BE Dennis, J TI Eye movements during fixation: implications to long-term viewing of small optical sources SO ILSC'99: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL LASER SAFETY CONFERENCE SE LASER INSTITUTE OF AMERICA - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Laser Safety Conference (ILSC 99) CY MAR 08-11, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Laser Inst Amer ID MACULAR OCCLUSION AB With the easy attainability of hand-held laser devices and burgeoning Light Emitting Diode (LED) technology, safety standards for long-term viewing of continuous light sources are being scrutinized. One concern is with formalizing the effect of eye movements on smearing energy from a small optical source over the retina. This experiment describes target motion over the retina as a result of eye movements during a deliberate fixation task. Volunteers fixated, with head and chin rest support, on a 1mW HeNe laser source attenuated to 0.6pW/cm(2), 5 mu W/cm(2) or 10 mu W/cm(2) corneal irradiance. The source was masked by a 25 mu m aperture yielding a small source subtending 0.1 minutes of are visual angle. A dual Purkinje Eye-Tracker measured eye position every 243 mu s during each 100-second fixation trial. The data showed a non-uniform retinal energy distribution with an elliptical footprint. The major axis was, depending on condition, 3 to 4 times greater than the minor axis, and oriented along the temporal/nasal retinal axis. Increasing conceal irradiance from the picoWatt to the microWatt range resulted in a more circumscribed distribution of eye movements by a factor of 5. The dim light condition (0.6pW/cm(2)) yielded twice the dispersion of energy over the retina than did the bright light conditions (5 mu W/cm(2), 10 mu W/cm(2)). Regardless of condition, eye movements did not provide the margin of safety afforded in the current laser safety standards. C1 USA, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Med Res Detachment, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Ness, JW (reprint author), USA, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Med Res Detachment, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LASER INST AMERICA PI ORLANDO PA 12424 RESEARCH PKWY, STE 130, ORLANDO, FL 32826 USA BN 0-912035-17-4 J9 LIA P PY 1999 VL 4 BP 63 EP 72 PG 10 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Ophthalmology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Ophthalmology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BN49H UT WOS:000082032700008 ER PT B AU Lund, DJ Stamper, DA Molchany, JW Stuck, BE AF Lund, DJ Stamper, DA Molchany, JW Stuck, BE BE Dennis, J TI Transient visual effects SO ILSC'99: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL LASER SAFETY CONFERENCE SE LASER INSTITUTE OF AMERICA - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Laser Safety Conference (ILSC 99) CY MAR 08-11, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Laser Inst Amer ID PURSUIT TRACKING PERFORMANCE AB At levels less than required to cause permanent injury, optical radiation can interfere with critical tasks. Persons may experience disabling glare, dazzle, startle or flashblindness. These effects are highly dependent on the environmental conditions at the time of the exposure and the task involved. We have for several years studied the effects of laser-induced visual stress on the performance of pursuit tracking tasks. The effectiveness of laser-induced glare for perturbing performance is dependent on the intensity and wavelength of the laser but perhaps is even more dependent on the ambient illumination. The laser must be bright compared to the ambient light to have a significant effect. When these effects interrupt critical tasks, injury may occur as a secondary result of the exposure. C1 USA, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Med Res Detachment, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Lund, DJ (reprint author), USA, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Med Res Detachment, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 7 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU LASER INST AMERICA PI ORLANDO PA 12424 RESEARCH PKWY, STE 130, ORLANDO, FL 32826 USA BN 0-912035-17-4 J9 LIA P PY 1999 VL 4 BP 73 EP 82 PG 10 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Ophthalmology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Ophthalmology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BN49H UT WOS:000082032700009 ER PT B AU Zwick, H Stuck, BE Scales, DK Brown, J Ness, J AF Zwick, H Stuck, BE Scales, DK Brown, J Ness, J BE Dennis, J TI Long term evaluation of two bilateral laser eye accident cases SO ILSC'99: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL LASER SAFETY CONFERENCE SE LASER INSTITUTE OF AMERICA - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Laser Safety Conference (ILSC 99) CY MAR 08-11, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Laser Inst Amer DE laser retinal damage; fovea; pseudofovea; visual acuity; contrast sensitivity; scanning laser ophthalmoscopy; optical coherence tomography; fixation eye movements ID DAMAGE AB Two Q-switched bilateral laser eye accident cases involving foveal retinal damage were followed for at least two years with a variety of functional and morphological diagnostic techniques. Both cases demonstrated remarkable recovery of visual acuity and large field sinewave contrast sensitivity within 1 to 4 months post exposure as well as the limits placed on recovery by primary and secondary damage processes. Visual acuity recovery to 20/15 was mediated by parafoveal retina and in one patient, a return of foveal functionality was demonstrated at 12 months post exposure. Photopic dark adaptation and anomoloscopic blue/green color discrimination functions were altered non-selectively, where foveal damage was increasingly severe, suggesting an overall foveal dysfunction rather than a specific cone photoreceptor loss An accommodative shift of 1.0 diopter was obtained in two eyes with mild and signficant foveal damage indicating possible higher order visual system modulation of photoreceptor orientation. These findings suggest a more active role of neural retinal plasticity in the damage recovery process as well as caution in assuming that all such injuries will exhibit such plasticity. C1 USA, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Med Res Detachment, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Zwick, H (reprint author), USA, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Med Res Detachment, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU LASER INST AMERICA PI ORLANDO PA 12424 RESEARCH PKWY, STE 130, ORLANDO, FL 32826 USA BN 0-912035-17-4 J9 LIA P PY 1999 VL 4 BP 113 EP 122 PG 10 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Ophthalmology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Ophthalmology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BN49H UT WOS:000082032700013 ER PT B AU Sliney, DH AF Sliney, DH BE Dennis, J TI Status of the revision of the IEC standard SO ILSC'99: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL LASER SAFETY CONFERENCE SE LASER INSTITUTE OF AMERICA - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Laser Safety Conference (ILSC 99) CY MAR 08-11, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Laser Inst Amer AB The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Standard 60825-1.1 is the fundamental "horizontal" international laser product safety standard. IEC Technical Committee TC76 meets yearly to update this standard and prepare related reports and "vertical" standards. Although primarily a manufacturer's system-safety, product performance standard, IEC 60825-1.1-1998 also has a section (Section 3) on User's Information for the safe use of lasers. A significant change that took place with the second edition of this standard (1993) was inclusion of LEDs as if they were lasers. Unfortunately this fundamental change occurred without adequate review, and the major activity of IEC TC-76 during the last five meetings has related to attempts to correct problems arising from the inclusion of LEDs. Today, IEC TC-76 has prepared a draft standard to account more realistically for optically aided viewing: the new Class 1 and Class 2 provides classes based upon a worst-case risk analysis with the potential for optically aided viewing and a new Class 1M and 2M for products which may pose a hazard when viewed by optical aids. The vast majority of lasers-those with a small diameter collimated beam remain Class 1 or 2 as appropriate. Most US Class 3A lasers (without expanded beams) will become Class 3R. It is hoped that these changes will be adopted by the CDRH and ANSI, so that the minor differences in US and international standards will then largely disappear. C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Laser Opt Radiat Program, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Sliney, DH (reprint author), USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Laser Opt Radiat Program, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LASER INST AMERICA PI ORLANDO PA 12424 RESEARCH PKWY, STE 130, ORLANDO, FL 32826 USA BN 0-912035-17-4 J9 LIA P PY 1999 VL 4 BP 166 EP 179 PG 14 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Ophthalmology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Ophthalmology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BN49H UT WOS:000082032700019 ER PT B AU Franks, JK AF Franks, JK BE Dennis, J TI Potential ocular hazards from virtual retinal displays (TM) (VRD) SO ILSC'99: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL LASER SAFETY CONFERENCE SE LASER INSTITUTE OF AMERICA - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Laser Safety Conference (ILSC 99) CY MAR 08-11, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Laser Inst Amer AB Lasers were used to directly scan the retina in the early 80s(1). These devices are called scanning laser ophthalmoscopes (SLO) and make it possible to obtain large field fundus images with high contrast and resolution yet with a lower illumination than conventional imaging systems. It was shown that these scanners could also stimulate the visual process and interest grew in using this technology for "virtual reality" displays(2). A simple equation is developed to express permissible power output of a VRD based upon the ANSI Z136.1-1993. An equation is also proposed for permissible powers for multi-wavelength displays. C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Laser Opt Radiat Program, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Franks, JK (reprint author), USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Laser Opt Radiat Program, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LASER INST AMERICA PI ORLANDO PA 12424 RESEARCH PKWY, STE 130, ORLANDO, FL 32826 USA BN 0-912035-17-4 J9 LIA P PY 1999 VL 4 BP 236 EP 240 PG 5 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Ophthalmology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Ophthalmology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BN49H UT WOS:000082032700028 ER PT B AU Marshall, W AF Marshall, W BE Dennis, J TI Current visual interference levels in draft Z136.6 standard SO ILSC'99: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL LASER SAFETY CONFERENCE SE LASER INSTITUTE OF AMERICA - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Laser Safety Conference (ILSC 99) CY MAR 08-11, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Laser Inst Amer AB Current laser exposure limits are designed to protect an individual exposed to a laser beam from receiving permanent biological injury to their eyes or skin. In the draft ANSI Z136.6 Standard for the Safe Use of Lasers Outdoors, visual interference levels have been established to avoid temporary vision impairment for individuals performing critical tasks, such as operating a vehicle. These levels are usually well below the levels that will cause permanent eye impairment, but not always. For some pulsed laser systems, the maximum permissible exposure limit (MPE) could be exceeded before one or more of the visual interference levels are exceeded. C1 USA, Laser Opt Radiat Program, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Marshall, W (reprint author), USA, Laser Opt Radiat Program, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LASER INST AMERICA PI ORLANDO PA 12424 RESEARCH PKWY, STE 130, ORLANDO, FL 32826 USA BN 0-912035-17-4 J9 LIA P PY 1999 VL 4 BP 474 EP 479 PG 6 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Ophthalmology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Ophthalmology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BN49H UT WOS:000082032700060 ER PT B AU Marshall, WJ AF Marshall, WJ BE Dennis, J TI Update of national standard for the safe use of lasers outdoors SO ILSC'99: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL LASER SAFETY CONFERENCE SE LASER INSTITUTE OF AMERICA - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Laser Safety Conference (ILSC 99) CY MAR 08-11, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Laser Inst Amer AB Lasers are frequently used in an outdoor setting. Guidance is provided in this new draft American National Standard for this use. Unlike lasers used indoors, the user does not have complete control of the space encompassing the entire laser beam since light beams continue until they are stopped by an opaque object. The draft standard discusses proper coordination with local and Federal authorities so that lasers can be used outdoors in a safe manner. The development of the standard was prompted to satisfy both the need by the Department of Defense for a consensus standard, and the need to resolve safety conflicts between the laser light show industry and pilots who would occasionally fly through a demonstration laser beam. The standard has been under development for the past 4 years and publication may be as soon as this year. C1 USA, Laser Opt Radiat Program, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Marshall, WJ (reprint author), USA, Laser Opt Radiat Program, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LASER INST AMERICA PI ORLANDO PA 12424 RESEARCH PKWY, STE 130, ORLANDO, FL 32826 USA BN 0-912035-17-4 J9 LIA P PY 1999 VL 4 BP 480 EP 485 PG 6 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Ophthalmology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Ophthalmology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BN49H UT WOS:000082032700061 ER PT S AU Berman, MS Li, TH AF Berman, MS Li, TH GP SPIE SPIE TI High-energy modal excitation technique utilizing powder-actuated impact tool SO IMAC - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 17TH INTERNATIONAL MODAL ANALYSIS CONFERENCE, VOLS I AND II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC) on Modal Analysis - Reducing the Time to Market CY FEB 08-11, 1999 CL KISSIMMEE, FL SP Soc Exptl Mech Inc AB A need exists within the Army to model and predict the response of combat vehicles to high-frequency, high-energy, nonpenetrating impacts. Statistical energy analysis (SEA) based models are one possible solution to this task. However, data must be obtained to characterize the modeled materials as well as to validate the modeling tool. A technique was developed at the U.S. Army Research Laboratory for producing and directly measuring impacts with a peak force level of 30,000 Ib and a frequency content of up to 10,000 Hz. The frequency response as well as the peak force of this new impact technique can be tailored to meet specified levels while still permitting direct measurement of the force input. Although the technique utilizes a powder-actuated tool, minimal additional safety precautions are necessary. The high-frequency energy available using this excitation technique permits validation of the predictive modeling tool on a case-by-case, deterministic basis for ballistic-shock-level excitation. Due to the ability to directly measure the excitation and thus calculate transfer functions, this method is also ideally suited for obtaining modal measurements when a high force/frequency impulsive excitation is desired. This paper describes the excitation methodology as well as a case history in which the methodology is applied to a partial composite armored vehicle hull. The SEA model used is discussed briefly as well as the material characterization (damping and modal density) work that supported the SEA model. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL WM MB ALC, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Berman, MS (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL WM MB ALC, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS INC PI BETHEL PA 7 SCHOOL ST, BETHEL, CT 06801 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-912053-64-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3727 BP 560 EP 565 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Optics SC Engineering; Mechanics; Optics GA BM61W UT WOS:000079283700087 ER PT S AU Catalano, GD AF Catalano, GD GP SPIE SPIE TI An investigation of the use of wavelets in vibration applications SO IMAC - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 17TH INTERNATIONAL MODAL ANALYSIS CONFERENCE, VOLS I AND II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC) on Modal Analysis - Reducing the Time to Market CY FEB 08-11, 1999 CL KISSIMMEE, FL SP Soc Exptl Mech Inc AB An exploratory investigation of the applicability of wavelets and wavelet transforms to signals that are encountered in vibrational analysis hats been performed. A wideband cross ambiguity function (WBCAF) is calculated for two signals, the original signal and scaled and translated versions of the second In an active sensing problem, the first signal will be a known transmission and the second will be a reflected, refracted, and/or reradiated version of the transmitted signal. When the two signals are correlated, a single correlation coefficient is calculated at each scale and translation value. The value of the coefficients can be interpeted as a representation of the actual scattering process. The WBCAF is calculated in the wavelet transform domain using a biorthogonal spline wavelet operating upon a linear chirp signal as a test case. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Civil Engn & Mech, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Catalano, GD (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Civil Engn & Mech, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS INC PI BETHEL PA 7 SCHOOL ST, BETHEL, CT 06801 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-912053-64-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3727 BP 684 EP 691 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Optics SC Engineering; Mechanics; Optics GA BM61W UT WOS:000079283700107 ER PT S AU Chowdhury, MR AF Chowdhury, MR GP SPIE SPIE TI Rapid beam load capacity assessment using dynamic measurements SO IMAC - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 17TH INTERNATIONAL MODAL ANALYSIS CONFERENCE, VOLS I AND II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC) on Modal Analysis - Reducing the Time to Market CY FEB 08-11, 1999 CL KISSIMMEE, FL SP Soc Exptl Mech Inc AB This paper describes a nondestructive dynamic measurement technique for estimating bridge load capacity. Several laboratory experiments are conducted to identify a convenient and easily deployable technique for rapid assessment of beam load capacity. Transfer functions relating the input and output responses are used to estimate the dynamic stiffness of simply supported concrete and steel beams using different sensors. Relative advantages in the use of each sensor are discussed. Measured stiffness is used to compute the estimated beam capacity for the serviceable deflections. Laboratory results indicate that the low-frequency stiffness-dominated part of the transfer function can fairly estimate the bending stiffness of the beam. It also shows that the measured stiffness is a sensitive indicator of physical changes, which can conveniently be used for monitoring bridge performances under repeated usage. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Struct Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Chowdhury, MR (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Struct Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS INC PI BETHEL PA 7 SCHOOL ST, BETHEL, CT 06801 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-912053-64-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3727 BP 973 EP 979 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Optics SC Engineering; Mechanics; Optics GA BM61W UT WOS:000079283700151 ER PT S AU Ifarraguerri, A AF Ifarraguerri, A BE Descour, MR Shen, SS TI Chemical agent detection and quantification with imaging spectrometry SO IMAGING SPECTROMETRY V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Imaging Spectrometry V CY JUL 19-21, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE, Remote Sensing Soc DE imaging spectrometry; infrared; chemical detection AB Passive standoff detection of chemical warfare (CW) agents is currently achieved by remote sensing infrared spectrometry in the 8-12 mu m atmospheric window with the aid of automatic spectral analysis algorithms. Introducing an imaging capability would allow for rapid wide-area reconnaissance and mapping of vapor clouds, as well as reduce false alarms by exploiting the added spatial information. This paper contains an overview of the CW agent standoff detection problem and the challenges associated with developing imaging LWIR hyperspectral sensors for the detection and quantification of vapor clouds, as well as a discussion of spectral processing techniques which can be used to exploit the added data dimensionality. C1 USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Ifarraguerri, A (reprint author), USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3239-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3753 BP 46 EP 50 DI 10.1117/12.366311 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BP12B UT WOS:000084180200005 ER PT S AU Berger, H Simental, E AF Berger, H Simental, E BE Descour, MR Shen, SS TI Deconvolving optical sensor image distortion using hermite functions SO IMAGING SPECTROMETRY V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Imaging Spectrometry V CY JUL 19-21, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE, Remote Sensing Soc DE deconvolution; Hermite functions; image distortion; point spread function AB Optical systems associated with imaging sensors and instruments typically distort the "'true" or object image, I(x), in a manner usually characterized by their point Spread function (PSF). Determining I(x) from the measured image data, M(z), using the convolutional relation with the PSF is called deconvolution. This paper proposes what appears to be a new deconvolution technique by taking advantage of a remarkable coincidence. it is that for most optical systems of interest here the PSF is Gaussian, which is a zerofh. order Hermite function. By expressing I(x) in an orthogonal representation using Hermite functions, which are to be distinguished from Hermite polynomials, the convolution integral can be evaluated exactly in analytical form, perhaps for the first time for the general case. This, in turn, leads to simple; precise linear relations between the coefficients of the Hermite representation of I(x) and that of M(x); while avoiding the common problem of division of noisy data by small quantities. The coefficients in those linear equations have precise values obtained from the nature of Hermite function interrelations rather than measured data, These values of I(x) may be more useful than M(x) as the initial iterate in the iteration techniques commonly used for deconvolution. C1 USA, Topog Engn Ctr, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. RP Berger, H (reprint author), USA, Topog Engn Ctr, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3239-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3753 BP 124 EP 132 DI 10.1117/12.366275 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BP12B UT WOS:000084180200014 ER PT S AU Miles, BH Goodson, RA Dereniak, EL Descour, MR AF Miles, BH Goodson, RA Dereniak, EL Descour, MR BE Descour, MR Shen, SS TI Computed-tomography imaging spectropolarimeter (CTISP): instrument design, operation and results SO IMAGING SPECTROMETRY V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Imaging Spectrometry V CY JUL 19-21, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE, Remote Sensing Soc DE imaging spectropolarimetry; polarization; tomography; CTIS ID SPECTROMETER AB A complete Stokes imaging spectropolarimeter has been designed, constructed and tested by researchers at the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center (USAERDC) in collaboration with researchers at the University of Arizona's Optical Sciences Center. CTISP is a polarimetric extension to CTIS, developed by the authors associated with the Optical Sciences Center. Currently, CTISP characterizes an object's spectropolarimetric radiance over the 440 to 740 nm range using 20 nm spectral bins and subdividing the FOV with a 32 x 32 resolution. CTISP's output is a four-fold increase in object cube information when compared to spectral radiance alone as CTISP effectively extracts the polarization information from the radiance of each of the "N" voxels to form "N" 4 element Stokes vectors, where N=(# horizontal resolution elements in FOV)*(# vertical resolution elements in FOV)*(# of wavelength bands). Voxel polarization calibration is performed using a fully computer automated spectropolarimetric calibration facility. The facility generates an object whose spatial and spectral dimensions define a voxel and whose radiance is purely polarized. CTISP's response to each generated polarized voxel is recorded and used to calculate a polarization characteristic matrix (PCM) for each voxel. CTISP utilizes four polarization analyzers in an automated rotating filter wheel configuration to acquire four images of the object. The results from the image reconstructions behind four analyzers are utilized with the PCMs to estimate the Stokes vector for each voxel in the object cube. CTISP utilizes a host of software tools to control the calibration facility, perform image acquisition and perform reconstruction and Stokes vector calculation. The order of use and inter-relation of these tools is described. Results will be presented and indicate that CTISP is capable of reconstructing objects containing complex spectral, spatial and polarization content. A spectral comparison is made to a reference spectrometer using a reflectance standard for normalization. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Miles, BH (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3239-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3753 BP 169 EP 179 DI 10.1117/12.366280 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BP12B UT WOS:000084180200019 ER PT J AU Krakauer, T AF Krakauer, T TI Immune response to staphylococcal superantigens SO IMMUNOLOGIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE superantigens; cell receptors; cytokines; chemokines; toxic shock; therapeutic countermeasures ID SHOCK-SYNDROME TOXIN-1; MHC-CLASS-II; COMPLEX CLASS-II; T-CELL ACTIVATION; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; RECEPTOR-BETA-CHAIN; CYTOKINE GENE-EXPRESSION; ENTEROTOXIN-B; BINDING-SITES; HUMAN-DISEASE AB Staphylococcal exotoxins, staphylococcal enterotoxins A-E (SEA-SEE), and toxic shock syndrome toxin-l (TSST-1) are potent activators of the immune system and cause a variety of diseases in humans, ranging from food poisoning to shock. These toxins are called superantigens because of their ability to polyclonally activate T cells at picromolar concentrations. Superantigens bind to both MHC class II molecules and specific VP regions of the T cell receptor, leading to the activation of both antigen-presenting cells and T lymphocytes. These interactions lead to excessive production of proinflammatory cytokines and T cell proliferation, causing clinical symptoms that include fever, hypotension, and shock. Recent studies suggest that staphylococcal superantigens may also be involved in the pathogenesis of arthritis and other autoimmune disorders. This review summarizes the in vitro and in vivo effects of staphylococcal enterotoxins and TSST-1, recent progress with the use of transgenic knockout mice to identify key mediators and receptors involved in superantigen-induced shock, and therapeutic agents to mitigate the toxic effects of staphylococcal superantigens. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Dept Immunol & Mol Biol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Krakauer, T (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Dept Immunol Mol Biol, Bldg 1425, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 86 TC 100 Z9 108 U1 0 U2 5 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0257-277X J9 IMMUNOL RES JI Immunol. Res. PY 1999 VL 20 IS 2 BP 163 EP 173 DI 10.1007/BF02786471 PG 11 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 253YT UT WOS:000083585300008 PM 10580640 ER PT S AU Pak, HS Welch, M Poropatich, R AF Pak, HS Welch, M Poropatich, R BE Nerlich, M Kretschmer, R TI Web-based Teledermatology Consult system: Preliminary results from the first 100 cases SO IMPACT OF TELEMEDICINE ON HEALTH CARE MANAGEMENT SE STUDIES IN HEALTH TECHNOLOGY AND INFORMATICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Impact of Telemedicine on Health Care Management CY NOV 21-23, 1998 CL REGENSBURG, GERMANY SP German Fed Minist Hlth, Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt eV, Koln, Roche Diagnost AB The TRICARE Region 1 Teledermatology Consortium has developed a secure web-based "store and forward" consult system designed to allow medical treatment facilities throughout the region to submit dermatology consults. Realizing that there is very little objective data on teledermatology, we have begun to evaluate our system through the integration of questionnaires for patients, referring physicians, and consultants in addition to telephonic patient follow up. Ne report the preliminary data from the first 100 cases received in the first two months since partly deploying the web based teledermatology consult system in the Tricare Region I (Northeast United States). We primarily address system effectiveness(percentage of cases that required follow up to dermatology and/or primary care physicians, adequacy of evaluating pigmented lesions) diagnostic agreement, acceptance, effect on access to care, and educational value to the primary care physicians. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Poropatich, R (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU I O S PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-9630 BN 90-5199-484-2 J9 ST HEAL T PY 1999 VL 64 BP 179 EP 184 PG 6 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Medical Informatics SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medical Informatics GA BN93C UT WOS:000083547700022 PM 10747537 ER PT S AU Yang, RQ Mu, YM AF Yang, RQ Mu, YM BE Choi, HK Zory, PS TI Some issues in mid-IR type-II interband cascade lasers SO IN-PLANE SEMICONDUCTOR LASERS III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on In-Plane Semiconductor Lasers III CY JAN 27-29, 1999 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE, Def Adv Res Projects Agcy DE cascade lasers; mid-infrared; type-II quantum wells ID WELL DIODE-LASERS; MU-M; QUANTUM-WELLS; PERFORMANCE; EFFICIENCY AB A new type of cascade laser, the so-called interband cascade laser based on type-II quantum well staircase structures, has been demonstrated recently. Here, we will discuss the design and modeling of the interband cascade lasers in connection with device performance. Normalized excess voltage and current will be introduced to evaluate how efficiently the input power is converted into the optical output power in the sense of the utilization of both injection current and applied voltage. Our modeling is based on Kane's eight-band k.p theory with envelope wavefunction approximation and strain effects included. The calculated threshold current density, which includes contributions of radiative current, direct tunneling and Auger recombination, is significantly smaller than the experimentally observed value. This indicates that there are additional current leaking channels, which may be related to interface scattering and material defects, suggesting significant room for improvement. Our modeling also found that the device performance could vary substantially with temperature. Implications of our analyses and the modeling results will be interpreted in terms of carrier transport, optical gain and loss, as well as power efficiency. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, SEEP, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Yang, RQ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, SEEP, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 25 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3098-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3628 BP 104 EP 112 DI 10.1117/12.344536 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA BM84U UT WOS:000079917400013 ER PT B AU McKay, D AF McKay, D BE Alleman, BC Leeson, A TI Analysis of bioventing at Eielson Air Force Base, Alaska SO IN SITU BIOREMEDIATION OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBON AND OTHER ORGANIC COMPOUNDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium CY APR 19-22, 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Battelle Mem Inst, Gas Res Inst, IT Grp Inc, Celtic Technol, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, U S Microb Inc, U S Naval Fac Engn Command, Waste Management Inc AB Source zone removal is a necessary precursor to effective ground water treatment through natural attenuation. Two sites undergoing active vadose zone remediation at Eielson Air Force Base, Alaska, were studied to compare conventional bioventing of unsaturated soils with bioventing accompanied by air sparging. Here, an investigation of injected air distribution is described. The shallow water table at each site has a typical seasonal fluctuation of 0.6 m, normally limiting the available range of air distribution for soil oxygenation and subsequent aerobic respiration. At site ST20 E-9, air is injected in wells screened above the seasonal high water table. The system installed at ST10 introduces air through screens that are completely submerged below the seasonal low water table. Air sparging tests were conducted at both sites to assess the benefit or potential benefit of sparging to enhance biodegradation in the seasonally saturated smear zone. Methods to evaluate airflow distribution included neutron probe air saturation tests, helium tracer tests, and measurements of soil pressures and oxygen levels near the water table. At ST20 E-9, saturated zone airflow followed lateral preferential pathways below the targeted smear zone, yielding desultory effects near the water table. It was thus concluded that bioventing at this site would not receive value added from the introduction of air below the water table. The data support the use of sparging at ST10 however, due in large part to the macroscale uniformity of soil properties. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Hanover, NH USA. RP McKay, D (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Hanover, NH USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 USA BN 1-57477-076-4 PY 1999 BP 169 EP 175 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BN62Z UT WOS:000082416200026 ER PT J AU Saunders, NB Shoemaker, DR Brandt, BL Moran, EE Larsen, T Zollinger, WD AF Saunders, NB Shoemaker, DR Brandt, BL Moran, EE Larsen, T Zollinger, WD TI Immunogenicity of intranasally administered meningococcal native outer membrane vesicles in mice SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID ANTIBODY-SECRETING CELLS; MENINGITIDIS SEROGROUP-B; POLYSIALIC ACID CAPSULE; NEISSERIA-MENINGITIDIS; PROTEIN VACCINE; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE VACCINES; MURINE MODEL; IMMUNIZATION; EFFICACY; INFECTION AB Colonization of the human nasopharyngeal region by Neisseria meningitidis is believed to lead to natural immunity. Although the presence of bactericidal antibody in serum has been correlated with immunity to meningococcal disease, mucosal immunity at the portal of entry may also play an important role. This study was undertaken to examine in mice the possibility of safely using native outer membrane vesicles (NOMV) not exposed to detergent as an intranasal (i.n.) vaccine. The mucosal and systemic responses of mice to intranasal and intraperitoneal (i.p.) vaccination with NOMV were compared over a range of doses from 0.1 to 20 mu g. Intranasal vaccination of mice,vith NOMV induced a strong systemic bactericidal antibody response, as well as a strong local immunoglobulin A immune response in the lung as determined by assay of lung lavage fluid by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and lung antibody secreting cells by enzyme-linked immunospot assay. However, 8- to 10-fold-higher doses of NOMV were required i.n. compared to i.p. to elicit an equivalent bactericidal antibody response in serum. Some NOMV vaccine was aspirated into the lungs of mice during i.n. immunization and resulted in an acute inflammatory response that peaked at 1 to 2 days postimmunization and was cleared by day 7. These results indicate that i.n. delivery of meningococcal NOMV in mice is highly effective in eliciting the production of both a mucosal immune response and a systemic bactericidal antibody response. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Bacterial Dis, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Comparat Pathol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Saunders, NB (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Bacterial Dis, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM Dr._Nancy_Saunders@wrsmtp-ccmail.army.mil RI Moran, Elizabeth/A-9384-2011; Zollinger, Wendell/B-2887-2011 NR 43 TC 60 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 67 IS 1 BP 113 EP 119 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 152EV UT WOS:000077764000017 PM 9864204 ER PT S AU Ratches, JA AF Ratches, JA BE Holst, GC TI Night Vision modeling; historical perspective SO INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imaging Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing X CY APR 07-08, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE FLIR modeling; thermal imagers; Johnson criteria; Minimum resolvable temperature; Minimum detectable temperature; detection; recognition; identification AB This is a technical historical chronicle of the past and on-going development of performance models for electro-optical sensors carried out by the U.S. Army CECOM NVESD, the original Night Vision Laboratory. The emphasis has been on thermal imaging models and is also the focus of this paper. The origin of the Johnson criteria is shown and the resulting models that have evolved from the original concept proposed by John Johnson. The present formulations of the models are detailed and the newest developments are introduced. The force that drives the various improvements in the models is the development of more sophisticated thermal imagers whose performance must be described and predicted. Background supporting developments in laboratory measurements and field validation are indicated. RP Ratches, JA (reprint author), USA, Commun Elect Command, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 32 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3175-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3701 BP 2 EP 12 DI 10.1117/12.352982 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BN40K UT WOS:000081824900001 ER PT S AU Driggers, RG Vollmerhausen, R Edwards, T AF Driggers, RG Vollmerhausen, R Edwards, T BE Holst, GC TI The target identification performance of infrared imager models as a function of blur and sampling. SO INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imaging Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing X CY APR 07-08, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE AB There are a number of infrared-sensor/target-acquisition models available to government and industry for the purpose of estimating probability of identification as a function of target-to-sensor range. These models include the U.S. Army Night Vision and Electronic Sensors Directorate's Fl,FLIR92/Acquire and NVTherm. These particular models have been developed on different terrain board imagery, simulated imagery, and actual field trials. Validation of these models is a continuous effort with changes in the fundamental parameters, such as target cycle criteria, in order to account for various sensor phenomenon. An experiment has been performed at the U.S. Army's Night Vision and Electronic Sensors Directorate to fully test these models. The experiment imagery is intended to test the bounds of the models under which various blur and sampling is representative of the sensor in the task of target identification. The perception experiment is compared to the estimates of performance given by the various models. The model results are then compared and contrasted. C1 USA, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Commun & Elect Command, AMSEL,RD,NV,SSAD, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Driggers, RG (reprint author), USA, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Commun & Elect Command, AMSEL,RD,NV,SSAD, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 8 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3175-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3701 BP 26 EP 34 DI 10.1117/12.352974 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BN40K UT WOS:000081824900003 ER PT S AU Driggers, RG Vollmerhausen, R O'Kane, B AF Driggers, RG Vollmerhausen, R O'Kane, B BE Holst, GC TI Sampled imaging sensor design using the MTF squeeze model to characterize spurious response SO INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imaging Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing X CY APR 07-08, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE sensor performance; infrared systems; modeling; sampling AB The sampling limitations associated with staring array imagers cause an aliased signal, or spurious response, that corrupts the image. The spurious response is st function of pre-sample blur, sampling frequency, and post-blur or image reconstruction. Based on data from two NVESD perception experiments, the MTF Squeeze model was developed in order to model the effects of sampling artifacts on target recognition and identification performance. This paper uses the MTF Squeeze model to evaluate target acquisition sensor design. A sensitivity analysis is performed where various pre-sample blur and post sample blur spots were considered in order to optimize sensor pre-sample MTF and post-sample MTF for the target recognition and target identification tasks. These results are compared to Schade's, Legault's, and Sequinn's criteria and suggestions are provided as guidance in sensor design. C1 USA, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Commun & Elect Command, AMSEL,RD,NV,SSAD, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Driggers, RG (reprint author), USA, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Commun & Elect Command, AMSEL,RD,NV,SSAD, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3175-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3701 BP 61 EP 73 DI 10.1117/12.352988 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BN40K UT WOS:000081824900005 ER PT S AU Jacobs, E Driggers, R Edwards, T Cha, J AF Jacobs, E Driggers, R Edwards, T Cha, J BE Holst, GC TI Virtual MRTD experiments SO INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imaging Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing X CY APR 07-08, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE minimum resolvable temperature difference (MRTD); infrared sensor simulation; range performance; FLIR 92 AB Virtual minimum resolvable temperature difference (MRTD) measurements have been performed on an infrared sensor simulation based on FLIR 92(1) input parameters. By using this simulation, it is possible to perform virtual laboratory experiments on simulated sensors. As part of the validation of this simulation, a series of MRTD experiments were conducted on simulated and real sensors. This paper describes the methodology for the sensor simulation. The experimental procedures for both real and simulated MRTD are presented followed by a comparison and analysis of the results. The utility of the simulation in assessing the performance of current and notional sensors is discussed. C1 USA, Night Vis Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Jacobs, E (reprint author), USA, Night Vis Elect Sensors Directorate, 10221 Burbeck Rd,Suite 430, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 4 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3175-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3701 BP 74 EP 80 DI 10.1117/12.352989 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BN40K UT WOS:000081824900006 ER PT S AU Reago, DA Horn, S Campbell, J Vollmerhausen, R AF Reago, DA Horn, S Campbell, J Vollmerhausen, R BE Holst, GC TI Third generation imaging sensor system concepts SO INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imaging Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing X CY APR 07-08, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE infrared; FLIR; uncooled sensors; cooled sensors; focal plane array; IR detectors AB Second generation forward looking infrared sensors, based on either parallel scanning, long wave (8-12 um) time delay and integration HgCdTe detectors or mid wave (3-5 um), medium format staring (640x480 pixels) InSb detectors, are being fielded. The science and technology community is now turning its attention toward the definition of a future third generation of FLIR sensors, based on emerging research and development efforts. Modeled third generation sensor performance demonstrates a significant improvement in performance over second generation, resulting in enhanced lethality and survivability on the future battlefield. In this paper we present the current thinking on what third generation sensors systems will be and the resulting requirements for third generation focal plane array detectors. Three classes of sensors have been identified. The high performance sensor will contain a megapixel or larger array with at least two colors. Higher operating temperatures will also be the goal here so that power and weight can be reduced. A high performance uncooled sensor is also envisioned that will perform somewhere between first and second generation cooled detectors, but at significantly lower cost, weight, and power. The final third generation sensor is a very low cost micro sensor. This sensor can open up a whole new IR market because of its small size, weight, and cost. Future unattended throwaway sensors, micro UAVs, and helmet mounted IR cameras will be the result of this new class. C1 USA, CECOM, Night Vis & Electroopt Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Reago, DA (reprint author), USA, CECOM, Night Vis & Electroopt Sensors Directorate, 10211 Burbeck Rd, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 0 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3175-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3701 BP 108 EP 117 DI 10.1117/12.352991 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BN40K UT WOS:000081824900009 ER PT S AU Pollehn, HK Ahearn, J AF Pollehn, HK Ahearn, J BE Andresen, BF Scholl, MS TI Multi-domain smart sensors SO INFRARED TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS XXV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Infrared Technology and Applications XXV Conference CY APR 05-09, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE infrared focal plane array (IRFPA); quantum well infrared photodetector (QWIP); ladar; passive; active imaging; dual color IRFPA; multi/hyperspectal imaging AB The multi-domain smart sensor (MDSS) program combines research efforts of an industry/university consortium and the Army Research Laboratory(ARL). The consortium is headed by Lockheed Martin; other members are DRS (formerly Raytheon TI systems), the University of New Mexico, Stanford University, and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. This paper describes the concept and the current status of research and development of the MDSS program. The goal of this program is to develop technologies that will allow significant improvements in situation awareness and target detection and identification, especially of low observable targets. A notional systems concept has been developed that guides the research. Under this concept, improved target detection will be obtained by passive imaging with large-area, dual- color IR focal plane arrays (IRFPA) operating in the mid-wave (MWIR) and the long-wave (LWIR) spectral bands. Once target detection is achieved, target identification - if necessary - can be obtained through active imaging with a noval, scannerless ladar system. To materialize this concept, research and development is performed for dual-color IRFPAs (HgCdTe and QWIPs), and an eyesafe laser and a demodulator for the returning radiation - both required to operate up to the MHz freqencies. Also, hyperspectral imaging is investigated for detection of camouflaged targets. In support of this effort, field measurements have been performed with boresighted MWIR and LWIR cameras to obtain pixel registrated imagery for the development of effective fusion and processing algorithms. C1 Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Pollehn, HK (reprint author), Army Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 6 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3172-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3698 BP 420 EP 426 DI 10.1117/12.354544 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BN59F UT WOS:000082322000044 ER PT S AU Brown, JC Horn, SB AF Brown, JC Horn, SB BE Andresen, BF Scholl, MS TI Microsensor technology: the Army's future force multiplier SO INFRARED TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS XXV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Infrared Technology and Applications XXV Conference CY APR 05-09, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE microsensors; networked unattended ground sensors; MEMS; IR imagers AB The Army after Next will be lighter, faster, and more lethal than today's force. Survival of the force will be highly dependant on accurate and timely information about enemy forces and movements. CECOM NVESD has a number of ongoing efforts that directly support the vision of networked, low cost, low power, multifunction microsensors to enhance the lethality and survivability of the force. The three key technical areas of investigation: microsensors, signal processing, and communications. C1 USA, CECOM, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Brown, JC (reprint author), USA, CECOM, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3172-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3698 BP 634 EP 639 DI 10.1117/12.354565 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BN59F UT WOS:000082322000068 ER PT S AU Leavitt, RP Beekman, DW Little, JW AF Leavitt, RP Beekman, DW Little, JW BE Andresen, BF Scholl, MS TI Measurement of GaAs/(Al,Ga)As materials parameters for QWIP design calculations SO INFRARED TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS XXV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Infrared Technology and Applications XXV Conference CY APR 05-09, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE QWIPs; III-V semiconductors; infrared photodetectors ID QUANTUM-WELLS AB We report the results of intersubband absorption measurements on a series of doped quantum-well samples and the determination of both the nonparabolicity parameter and the conduction band/valence band offset ratio for the GaAs/(Al,Ga)As material system. Absorption spectra were obtained in an FTIR spectrometer for samples with nominal quantum-well widths of 4.0, 4.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0, and 15.0 nn and for a series of miniband-transport quantum-well infrared photodetectors. X-ray diffraction was used to determine quantum well and barrier thicknesses and the Al mole fraction x of the (Al,Ga)As barrier layers. Absorption measurements were made at temperatures of 295 K and 77 K. An empirical two-band model with an energy-dependent effective mass was used to calculate energy levels, transition energies, and spectral lineshapes for the quantum-well structures. Parameter values for nonparabolicity and band offset ratio were determined by comparison of calculated transition energies to measured spectral data. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Leavitt, RP (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3172-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3698 BP 668 EP 674 DI 10.1117/12.354569 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BN59F UT WOS:000082322000071 ER PT S AU Bhatt, RT Palczer, AR AF Bhatt, RT Palczer, AR BE Bansal, NP Singh, JP TI Surface area, and oxidation effects on nitridation kinetics of silicon powder compacts SO INNOVATIVE PROCESSING AND SYNTHESIS OF CERAMICS, GLASSES, AND COMPOSITES II SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY MAY 03-06, 1998 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP Amer Ceram Soc AB Commercially available silicon powders were wet-attrition-milled from 2 to 48 hr to achieve surface areas (SA's) ranging from 1.3 to 70 m(2)/g. The surface area effects on the nitridation kinetics of silicon powder compacts were determined at 1250 or 1350 degrees C for 4 hr. In addition, the influence of nitridation environment, and preoxidation on nitridation kinetics of a silicon powder of high surface area (approximate to 63 m(2)/g) was investigated. As the surface area increased, so did the percentage nitridation after 4 hr in N-2 at 1250 or 1350 degrees C. Silicon powders of high surface area (>40 m(2)/g) can be nitrided to > 70% at 1250 degrees C in 4 hr. The nitridation kinetics of the high-surface-area powder compacts were significantly delayed by preoxidation treatment. Conversely, the nitridation environment had no significant influence on the nitridation kinetics of the same powder. Impurities present in the starting powder, and those accumulated during attrition milling, appeared to react with the silica layer on the surface of silicon particles to form a molten silicate layer, which provided a path for rapid diffusion of nitrogen and enhanced the nitridation kinetics of high surface area silicon powder. C1 USA, Lewis Res Ctr, Res Lab, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Bhatt, RT (reprint author), USA, Lewis Res Ctr, Res Lab, 21000 Brook Pk Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-060-2 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 1999 VL 94 BP 549 EP 560 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BN02S UT WOS:000080430700049 ER PT B AU Faller, JG White, GO AF Faller, JG White, GO GP INST ENVIRONM SCI & TECHNOL INST ENVIRONM SCI & TECHNOL TI Evaluation of simulated HMMWV acceleration levels SO INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY, PROCEEDINGS 1999: CONTAMINATION CONTROL - DESIGN, TEST, AND EVALUATION - PRODUCT RELIABILITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 45th Annual Technical Meeting and Exposition of the IEST on Todays Training for Tomorrows World CY MAY 02-07, 1999 CL ONTARIO, CA SP Inst Environm Sci & Technol DE acceleration; computer modeling; DADS; HMMWV; power spectral density; probability distribution; simulation; vibration AB An advanced 22-body mechanical High-Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle (HMMWV) computer model was subjected to road shock and vibration testing by operating the vehicle on simulated Aberdeen Test Center (ATC) test courses within the Dynamic Analysis and Design System (DADS). The simulation results were compared with field test accelerometer data obtained with an actual HMMWV. The vehicle computer model was developed at the University of Iowa using the DADS development platform. The ATC test courses were simulated as 2D profiles. A 3D surface effect was obtained in the appropriate cases by referencing a different profile for each pair of left- and right-side wheels. Actual and simulated accelerometer levels were compared for the 2-inch Wash-board, the 3-inch Spaced Bump, and the Belgian Block test courses. C1 USA, Aberdeen Test Ctr, Virtual Proving Ground Team, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Faller, JG (reprint author), USA, Aberdeen Test Ctr, Virtual Proving Ground Team, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES PI MT PROSPECT PA 940 E NORTHWEST HIGHWAY, MT PROSPECT, IL 60056 USA BN 1-877862-66-5 PY 1999 BP 335 EP 341 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BN81R UT WOS:000083082600044 ER PT J AU Godfrey, RP Friessnegg, T Ramesh, R Tipton, CW Hoffman, RC Robertson, DN Poindexter, EH Quuada, MA Nielsen, B Keeble, DJ AF Godfrey, RP Friessnegg, T Ramesh, R Tipton, CW Hoffman, RC Robertson, DN Poindexter, EH Quuada, MA Nielsen, B Keeble, DJ TI Infrared absorbing oxide electrodes in epitaxial pyroelectric Pb-La-Ti-O heterostructures with controlled domain orientation SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11TH International Symposium on Integrated Ferroelectrics CY MAR 07-10, 1999 CL COLORADO SPRINGS, COLORADO DE PLT; LSCO; oxide; infrared; pyroelectric; positron; epitaxial; domain orientation ID POSITRON-ANNIHILATION; VACANCY DEFECTS; THIN; MICROSTRUCTURE AB Oxide-based pyroelectric heterostructures of La-Sr-Co-O/Pb0.9La0.1Ti0.975O3/La-Sr-Co-O have been grown. Single-crystal LaAlO3 substrates were chosen to obtain high quality epitaxial thin films in order to address basic pyroelectric properties. The use of perovskite conducting oxide electrodes promotes the formation of phase pure pervoskite pyroelectric material. Additionally, these oxides exhibit strong infrared absorption, alpha = 10(5)/cm. An infrared absorbing electrode is beneficial for producing a simplified detector design-with enhanced detectivity. Variation of the deposition temperature produced control of the domain orientation. Pyroelectric measurements using the Byer-Roundy method have yielded pyroelectric: coefficients of 50 nC/cm(2)K. Both pyroelectric coefficients and pulsed polarization values show a clear dependence on the c-axis volume fraction. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Genesis Engn Co, Lanham, MD USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Dundee, Carnegie Lab Phys, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland. RP Godfrey, RP (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Nielsen, Bent/B-7353-2009; Keeble, David /C-6633-2012 OI Nielsen, Bent/0000-0001-7016-0040; Keeble, David /0000-0002-5378-799X NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 1999 VL 25 IS 1-4 BP 475 EP 487 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 290RR UT WOS:000085692100015 ER PT J AU Piekarski, B Dubey, M Devoe, D Zakar, E Zeto, R Conrad, J Piekarz, R Ervin, M AF Piekarski, B Dubey, M Devoe, D Zakar, E Zeto, R Conrad, J Piekarz, R Ervin, M TI Fabrication of suspended piezoelectric microresonators SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11TH International Symposium on Integrated Ferroelectrics CY MAR 07-10, 1999 CL COLORADO SPRINGS, COLORADO DE PZT; piezoelectric resonators; MEMS resonators AB A new process for realizing piezoelectric microdevices has been developed. Suspended piezoelectric clamped-clamped beam resonators have been fabricated using sol-gel deposited lead zirconate titanate (PZT) films as the piezoelectric material, platinum (Pt) as the top and bottom electrode, and silicon dioxide for the supporting beam structure. A five-mask process was used to fabricate the suspended resonators. The process flow included sol-gel PZT deposition, Pt sputter deposition, Pt and PZT argon ion milling, PZT wet and reactive ion etching (RTE), silicon deep reactive ion etching (DRIE), and oxide RIE. Both single- and triplebeam resonators were fabricated with beam widths of 15, 20, and 30 mu m and lengths of 200 and 400 mu m. Testing of the resonators produced resonant frequencies between 100 kHz and 1.2 MHz, depending on beam geometry. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Syst Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Piekarski, B (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI DeVoe, Don/A-2891-2011 OI DeVoe, Don/0000-0002-7740-9993 NR 13 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 1999 VL 24 IS 1-4 BP 147 EP 154 DI 10.1080/10584589908215587 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 290KD UT WOS:000085674700016 ER PT S AU Litz, MS Judy, DC Tesny, N AF Litz, MS Judy, DC Tesny, N BE Brandt, HE TI A ZuTe electro-optic electric field sensor SO INTENSE MICROWAVE PULSES VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Intense Microwave Pulses VI CY APR 05-06, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE EO sensor; wideband rf sensor AB An ultra-wideband, nonperturbing, electric-field sensor is being developed that uses the linear electro-optic (EO) effect and is packaged in a suitcase-sized optical configuration. The methodology has been demonstrated on the optical bench with ZnTe and used to measure an applied electric field. The immediate goal is to demonstrate the sensor up to 4 GHz and apply it to unknown fields in a configuration using polished and coated ZnTe crystals. The unique features of the sensor include non-perturbing rf CW & pulsed (<2GHz) measurements inside of cavities, while preserving the amplitude, polarization, and phase content of the detected signal. Preliminary measurements reported here verify the crystal sensitivity of similar to 3V/cm (1mW/cm(2)) (into a 5 GHz bandwidth(BW) oscilloscope), and response linearity. Variations in optical configurations are compared on the basis of sensitivity. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Litz, MS (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3176-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3702 BP 30 EP 35 DI 10.1117/12.351215 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BN40L UT WOS:000081825700005 ER PT S AU Brandt, HE AF Brandt, HE BE Brandt, HE TI Possible bremsstrahlung recoil force on the linear dynamic polarization charge of a test particle in a beam-plasma system SO INTENSE MICROWAVE PULSES VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Intense Microwave Pulses VI CY APR 05-06, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE radiative instability; bremsstrahlung; beam-plasma systems; relativistic electron beams AB I calculate the recoil force on the linear dynamic polarization current of a relativistic test particle participating in collective bremsstrahlung in a nonequilibrium beam-plasma system. Possible contributions arise both from terms involving direct interaction in second order of the field of the test particle with its own induced linear polarization, and also from interaction of the field scattered by the second-order dynamic polarization with the linear polarization. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Brandt, HE (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3176-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3702 BP 78 EP 87 DI 10.1117/12.351219 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BN40L UT WOS:000081825700010 ER PT S AU Soln, J AF Soln, J BE Brandt, HE TI Very strong magnetic fields and the helical Cerenkov radiation SO INTENSE MICROWAVE PULSES VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Intense Microwave Pulses VI CY APR 05-06, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE AB It is at very strong magnetic fields that the helical Cerenkov effect, originating from the electron guiding center for an electron in helical motion in a magnetic field which is superimposed on a dielectric medium, resembles most closely the ordinary Cerenkov effect. In the absence of extremely strong magnetic fields in the laboratory, we turn our attention to the neutron stars (pulsar) and supernovas which can have magnetic fields whose values can easily be in the range of 10(5) - 10(9) T. The medium in which these magnetic fields reside is likely to be an ionized medium; that is, a plasma, which as usual, may be assumed to be dominated by electrons. Here we wish to argue that in such a strong magnetic field dominated medium, at least on a classical level, radiation process associated with the helical Cerenkov radiation could be rather important. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Soln, J (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3176-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3702 BP 101 EP 107 DI 10.1117/12.351202 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BN40L UT WOS:000081825700012 ER PT B AU Luz, GA Russell, WA Stewart, CM AF Luz, GA Russell, WA Stewart, CM BE Cuschieri, J Glegg, S Yong, Y TI Comparison of the performance of three designs for the automated monitoring of impulsive weapons noise SO INTER-NOISE 99: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1999 INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON NOISE CONTROL ENGINEERING, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Congress on Noise Control Engineering CY DEC 06-08, 1999 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FL SP Int Inst Noise Control Engn, Inst Noise Control Engn USA C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Luz, GA (reprint author), USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST NOISE CONTROL ENGINEERING PI POUGHKEEPSIE PA PO BOX 3206, ARLINGTON BRANCH, POUGHKEEPSIE, NY 12603 USA BN 0-9622072-3-3 PY 1999 BP 1131 EP 1136 PG 4 WC Acoustics SC Acoustics GA BR05W UT WOS:000165528400212 ER PT B AU Schomer, PD AF Schomer, PD BE Cuschieri, J Glegg, S Yong, Y TI On the use of loudness weighted sound levels to assess community noise SO INTER-NOISE 99: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1999 INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON NOISE CONTROL ENGINEERING, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Congress on Noise Control Engineering CY DEC 06-08, 1999 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FL SP Int Inst Noise Control Engn, Inst Noise Control Engn USA C1 USA, Construct Engn Res Lab, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. RP Schomer, PD (reprint author), USA, Construct Engn Res Lab, POB 9005, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST NOISE CONTROL ENGINEERING PI POUGHKEEPSIE PA PO BOX 3206, ARLINGTON BRANCH, POUGHKEEPSIE, NY 12603 USA BN 0-9622072-3-3 PY 1999 BP 1903 EP 1908 PG 6 WC Acoustics SC Acoustics GA BR05W UT WOS:000165528400355 ER PT S AU Kroutil, RT Combs, RJ Knapp, RB AF Kroutil, RT Combs, RJ Knapp, RB BE Shaffer, RE Potyrailo, RA TI Radiometric linearity in passive FTIR spectrometry SO INTERNAL STANDARDIZATION AND CALIBRATION ARCHITECTURES FOR CHEMICAL SENSORS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Conference on Internal Standardization and Calibration Architectures for Chemical Sensors CY SEP 20-22, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP SPIE, Air & Waste Management Assoc, Opt Sci Div DE linearity; passive FTIR spectrometry; spectral analysis ID IR AB Passive standoff FTIR spectrometry relies on the radiance differential between a background scene and a target vapor analyte. Unlike traditional FTIR approaches controlling radiance levels within a narrow range, the passive configuration often encounters a large variance in radiance levels. This places higher demands on the passive FTIR configuration for maintaining linearity. The present study assesses the radiometric linearity of a passive FTIR configuration using controlled blackbody radiance in conjunction with target samples such as a polystyrene film and ethanol vapors. C1 USA, Edgewood Chem & Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Kroutil, RT (reprint author), USA, Edgewood Chem & Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3449-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3856 BP 34 EP 43 DI 10.1117/12.371301 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BP35F UT WOS:000084810700004 ER PT B AU Breshears, CP Bova, SW Cuicchi, C Demirbilek, Z Gabb, HA AF Breshears, CP Bova, SW Cuicchi, C Demirbilek, Z Gabb, HA BE Arabnia, HR TI Using MPI_Connect to distribute parallel applications across multiple platforms SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS, VOLS I-V, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Processing Techniques and Applications (PDPTA 99) CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 1999 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Comp Sci Res Educ & Applicat Press, Comp Vis Res & Applicat Tech, Int Assoc Math & Comp Simulat, Int Technol Inst, Java High Performance Comp Res Grp, Korea Informat Processing Soc, US DOE, Natl Supercomp Ctr Energy & Environm Las Vegas, Sundance Digital Signal Processing Inc, World Sci & Engn Soc DE distributed computing; MPI_Connect; OpenMP; MPI; dual-level parallelism ID WAVE AB We present details on, modifications to extend a code, parallelized with MPI and OpenMP, in order to distribute the code execution across multiple platforms. For our example finite element code, this allowed more independent tasks to be run simultaneously and more processors to be devoted to OpenMP threads than would be possible with either approach. Execution time of one test case was reduced from 3100 minutes on a single CPU to just over 12 minutes on 256 CPUs across three platforms. C1 USAE Waterways Expt Stn, Major Shared Resource Ctr, Vicksburg, MS USA. RP Breshears, CP (reprint author), USAE Waterways Expt Stn, Major Shared Resource Ctr, Vicksburg, MS USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 1-892512-15-7 PY 1999 BP 383 EP 389 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematics GA BR81L UT WOS:000167653300057 ER PT B AU Shires, D Pollock, L Sprenkle, S AF Shires, D Pollock, L Sprenkle, S BE Arabnia, HR TI Program flow graph construction for static analysis of MPI programs SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS, VOLS I-V, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Processing Techniques and Applications (PDPTA 99) CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 1999 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Comp Sci Res Educ & Applicat Press, Comp Vis Res & Applicat Tech, Int Assoc Math & Comp Simulat, Int Technol Inst, Java High Performance Comp Res Grp, Korea Informat Processing Soc, US DOE, Natl Supercomp Ctr Energy & Environm Las Vegas, Sundance Digital Signal Processing Inc, World Sci & Engn Soc DE MPI parallel programs; flow graph; optimization; program analysis; software tools AB The Message Passing Interface (MPI) has been widely used for developing efficient and portable parallel programs, in, particular for distributed memory multiprocessors and workstation/PC clusters. In this paper, we present an algorithm for building a program flow graph representation of an MPI program. As an extension of the control flow graph representation of sequential codes, this representation provides a basis for important program analyses useful in software testing, debugging tools, and code optimization. C1 USA, Res Lab, HPC Div, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Shires, D (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, HPC Div, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 1-892512-15-7 PY 1999 BP 1847 EP 1853 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematics GA BR81L UT WOS:000167653300273 ER PT B AU Pressel, DM Behr, M Thompson, S AF Pressel, DM Behr, M Thompson, S BE Arabnia, HR TI The true limitations of shared memory programming SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS, VOLS I-V, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Processing Techniques and Applications (PDPTA 99) CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 1999 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Comp Sci Res Educ & Applicat Press, Comp Vis Res & Applicat Tech, Int Assoc Math & Comp Simulat, Int Technol Inst, Java High Performance Comp Res Grp, Korea Informat Processing Soc, US DOE, Natl Supercomp Ctr Energy & Environm Las Vegas, Sundance Digital Signal Processing Inc, World Sci & Engn Soc DE supercomputer; high performance computing; parallel programming; symmetric multiprocessors AB Shared memory parallel computers have the reputation for being the easiest type of parallel computers to program. At the same rime, they are frequently regarded as being the least scalable type of parallel computer. In particular, shared memory parallel computers are frequently programmed using a form of Loop-Level Parallelism (usually based on some combination of compiler directives and automatic parallelization). However, if one discusses this form of parallelism with the experts in the field, they will routinely tell you that it will not scab past 4-16 processors (the number one gets depends on who one talks to). This paper will attempt to establish what the true limitations are to this type of parallel programming. The discussions will be largely based on the experiences that the authors had in porting the Implicit Computational Fluid Dynamics Code (F3D) to numerous shared memory systems from SGI, Gray, and Convex. C1 USA, Res Lab, Corp Informat & Comp Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Pressel, DM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Corp Informat & Comp Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 1-892512-15-7 PY 1999 BP 2048 EP 2054 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematics GA BR81L UT WOS:000167653300303 ER PT S AU Scholze, RJ Riggins, RE AF Scholze, RJ Riggins, RE GP INT EROSION CONTROL ASSOC INT EROSION CONTROL ASSOC TI Lessons-learned from the army's stormwater and erosion control programs SO INTERNATIONAL EROSION CONTROL ASSOCIATION - PROCEEDINGS OF CONFERENCE 30 SE INTERNATIONAL EROSION CONTROL ASSOCIATION - PROCEEDINGS OF CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Conference of the International-Erosion-Control-Association CY FEB 22-26, 1999 CL NASHVILLE, TN SP Int Erosion Control Assoc AB The U.S. Army runs an extensive program in stormwater management and erosion control. Along with the traditional driver of flow management, two other influences play primary roles. Within the cantonment or city portion of an installation, that may have a population in excess of 50,000, a major influence is the Industrial Stormwater Rule (Phase 1) of the Clean Water Act which requires a NPDES permit for stormwater. That rule, with its focus on water quality improvement and environmental compliance, led to tens of millions of dollars being spent to improve the quality of water emerging from industrial activities such as the motor pools that maintain thousands of tracked and wheeled vehicles, airfields, hazardous waste sites, open burn/open detonation sites and other activities. The second influence is erosion and sediment control at military training areas such as maneuver areas forwheeled and tracked vehicles; drop zones for paratroop training; firing ranges and impact areas; bivouac areas; and similar activities. Erosion and sediment control for these land use categories presents an interesting challenge. A variety of new techniques involving the use of new methods and materials have been developed and implemented. This paper will describe lessons-learned from the development and implementation of new techniques to manage stormwater, control erosion, and protect water quality at military installations. Stormwater management techniques include pollution prevention, detention basins, physical diversion techniques, etc. Erosion control techniques include hardening of firing points, stabilization of assembly and bivouac areas, use of selected vegetation as sediment barriers, improvement of stream crossings, and stabilization of steep slopes at drop zones. Altogether, the development and implementation of these techniques have made a substantial contribution to the protection of water quality. C1 USA, Construct Engn Res Labs, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. RP Scholze, RJ (reprint author), USA, Construct Engn Res Labs, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU INT EROSION CONTROL ASSOC PI STEAMBOAT SPRINGS PA PO BOX 4904, STEAMBOAT SPRINGS, CO 80477 USA SN 1092-2806 J9 IECA P CONF PY 1999 VL 30 BP 435 EP + PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Agriculture GA BN21T UT WOS:000081130600036 ER PT J AU Lebeda, FJ Olson, MA AF Lebeda, FJ Olson, MA TI Prediction of a conserved, neutralizing epitope in ribosome-inactivating proteins SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article DE ricin; secondary structure; solvent accessibility ID RICIN A-CHAIN; SOLVENT ACCESSIBILITY; EUKARYOTIC RIBOSOMES; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; SECONDARY STRUCTURE; ANTIVIRAL PROTEIN; SUBSTRATE-ANALOGS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; EXPRESSION AB The secondary structures, side-chain solvent accessibilities, and superpositioned crystal structures of the A-chain of ricin and four other plant rRNA N-glycosidases (ribosome-inactivating proteins, RIPs) were examined. Previously, a 26-residue fragment from the A-chain of ricin was determined to bind to a neutralizing monoclonal antibody. The region in the native ricin A-chain, to which this peptide corresponds, is solvent-exposed and contains a negatively charged residue that has been hypothesized to participate in the toxin's function, namely, rRNA binding and/of enzymatic activity. This region appears to be conserved in all of the structurally defined plant RIPs examined. Moreover, other plant RIPs, whose tertiary structures are, as yet, unknown, were predicted to have an analogous, solvent-exposed region containing a conserved, negatively charged residue. By analogy, these conserved structural and functional features lead to the suggestion that this er;posed region represents a logical starting point for experiments designed to locate neutralizing epitopes in these RIPs. In contrast, the tertiary structure of the analogous region in a bacteria-derived RIP (Shiga toxin) is a less solvent-exposed, truncated loop and is a structure that is not as likely to be a neutralizing epitope. Because most of the amino acid residues are not conserved within this exposed region, these RIPs are predicted to be antigenically distinct. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Toxicol, Dept Cell Biol & Biochem, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Lebeda, FJ (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Toxicol, Dept Cell Biol & Biochem, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. EM lebeda@ncifcrf.gov NR 36 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0141-8130 J9 INT J BIOL MACROMOL JI Int. J. Biol. Macromol. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 24 IS 1 BP 19 EP 26 DI 10.1016/S0141-8130(98)00059-2 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Applied; Polymer Science SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 159NK UT WOS:000078179800004 PM 10077268 ER PT J AU Derby, JJ Kwon, YI Rojo, JC Vartak, B Yeckel, A AF Derby, JJ Kwon, YI Rojo, JC Vartak, B Yeckel, A TI Finite element modeling of 3D fluid dynamics in crystal growth systems SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE crystal growth; fluid mechanics; heat transfer; mass transfer; finite element model ID POTASSIUM DIHYDROGEN PHOSPHATE; GADOLINIUM GALLIUM GARNET; HIGH-TEMPERATURE SOLUTION; SOLID-LIQUID INTERFACE; CZOCHRALSKI GROWTH; INCOMPRESSIBLE FLOWS; 3-DIMENSIONAL COMPUTATIONS; MORPHOLOGICAL STABILITY; SOLUTION HYDRODYNAMICS; PARALLEL COMPUTATION AB We describe massively parallel finite element computations of fluid dynamics for several crystal growth systems. Examples are presented of how large-scale numerical simulations have been used to gain insights to the workings of several processes, specifically the melt growth of oxide crystals by the Czochralski process and the solution growth of nonlinear optical crystals. These systems are characterized by nonlinear interactions between field and interfacial phenomena - the transport of momentum, heat, and mass coupled with solidification kinetics. Modern finite element methods show great potential to provide the understanding needed to optimize these processes. C1 USA, HPC Res Ctr, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Supercomp Inst, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Derby, JJ (reprint author), USA, HPC Res Ctr, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RI Derby, Jeffrey/B-9706-2009; OI Derby, Jeffrey/0000-0001-6418-2155 NR 60 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1061-8562 J9 INT J COMPUT FLUID D JI Int. J. Comput. Fluid Dyn. PY 1999 VL 12 IS 3-4 BP 225 EP + DI 10.1080/10618569908940827 PG 18 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 256NU UT WOS:000083732300004 ER PT J AU Small, DB AF Small, Donald B. TI Core Mathematics for Engineers, Mathematicians and Scientists SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING EDUCATION LA English DT Article AB Our challenge is to develop flexible, robust and coherent curricula that are dynamic with respect to the needs of individual programs, the advances in technology, and the advances in learning theory. The past decade has witnessed a concatenation of forces pressing at an unprecedented rate for curriculum change. These changes, led by the escalating growth in the use of technology for insight, demand a restructuring of the curriculum D content as well as pedagogy. In this paper, I will discuss four major forces promoting change, describe some shortcomings of present curricula, and then suggest a structure for a future curriculum. C1 US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Small, DB (reprint author), US Mil Acad, West Point, NY 10996 USA. EM don-small@usma.edu NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TEMPUS PUBLICATIONS PI DURRUS, BANTRY PA IJEE , ROSSMORE,, DURRUS, BANTRY, COUNTY CORK 00000, IRELAND SN 0949-149X J9 INT J ENG EDUC JI Int. J. Eng. Educ PY 1999 VL 15 IS 6 BP 432 EP 436 PG 5 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA V11PL UT WOS:000207543400007 ER PT J AU Marchand, R McDevitt, TJ AF Marchand, Rich McDevitt, Timothy J. TI Learning Differential Equations by Exploring Earthquake Induced Structural Vibrations: A Case Study SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING EDUCATION LA English DT Article AB This paper discusses an interdisciplinary project administered at the US Military Academy in a calculus with differential equations course. The project takes full advantage of analytical, numerical, and qualitative techniques to explore the mechanical vibrations of buildings during an earthquake. The traditional treatment of mechanical vibration topics in an elementary ODE course is extended through the use of non-dimensionalization, energy related concepts, Coulomb damping, systems of differential equations and the use of computer animations to develop physical intuition and engineering concepts. A primary goal is to allow students to experience both the capabilities and the limitations of technology. C1 [Marchand, Rich] US Mil Acad, Dept Math Sci, Fredonia, NY 14063 USA. [McDevitt, Timothy J.] Millersville Univ Pennsylvania, Dept Math, Millersville, PA 17551 USA. RP Marchand, R (reprint author), SUNY Coll Fredonia, Fredonia, NY 14063 USA. EM marchand@cs.fredonia.edu; tmcdevit@cs.millersv.edu NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU TEMPUS PUBLICATIONS PI DURRUS, BANTRY PA IJEE , ROSSMORE,, DURRUS, BANTRY, COUNTY CORK 00000, IRELAND SN 0949-149X J9 INT J ENG EDUC JI Int. J. Eng. Educ PY 1999 VL 15 IS 6 BP 477 EP 485 PG 9 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA V11PL UT WOS:000207543400011 ER PT J AU Sorensen, BR Kimsey, KD Zukas, JA Frank, K AF Sorensen, BR Kimsey, KD Zukas, JA Frank, K TI Numerical analysis and modeling of jacketed rod penetration SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE numerical analysis; modeling; jacketed rod penetration; terminal ballistic performance AB A computational study to assess terminal ballistic performance issues of adding a steel sheath, or jacket, to a depleted uranium (DU) penetrator has been performed. The CTH hydrocode was used to model DU penetrators with steel sheaths of various thicknesses against semi-infinite rolled homogeneous armor (RHA), finite RHA, and oblique plate targets. Guided by the initial results, additional semi-infinite RHA simulations were performed to support the development of a generalized penetration model for jacketed rods. The model computes RHA penetration as a function of impact velocity and normalized jacket thickness (thickness over diameter) and compares very favorably with experimental DU and steel data. The model indicates that "bulk" density (areal density) can considerably underestimate jacketed rod penetration. In addition, some insight into the penetrator and target flow shape factors (k(p) and k(t)) is obtained. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. Computat Mech Associates, Baltimore, MD 21239 USA. RP Sorensen, BR (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 21 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0734-743X J9 INT J IMPACT ENG JI Int. J. Impact Eng. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 22 IS 1 BP 71 EP 91 DI 10.1016/S0734-743X(98)00043-8 PG 21 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 174MU UT WOS:000079039600005 ER PT J AU Dandekar, DP Weisgerber, WJ AF Dandekar, DP Weisgerber, WJ TI Shock response of a heavy tungsten alloy SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY LA English DT Article DE shock response; heavy tungsten alloys ID WAVE PROPAGATION; SAPPHIRE AB This article describes the results of shock wave experiments performed on a heavy tungsten alloy containing W, Ni, and Fe in the ratio of 92.85:4.9:2.25 by weight. These experiments provide information about the shear strength under compression and tensile strength, as measured by the spall threshold, of this alloy to 24 GPa. The results of these experiments show that: (i) the magnitude of its Hugoniot elastic limit (HEL) is 2.76 +/- 0.26 Gpa; (ii) this alloy deforms plastically above its HEL and thus retains its shear strength to 24 GPa; (iii) the spall strength of the alloy is found to be 1.9 +/- 0.4 GPa and is independent of the impact stress and duration of the shock compression pulse; and (iv) the tensile impedance of the alloy, determined from a new experiment designed to measure this impedance, is 68 +/- 10 Gg/m(2) s. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Dandekar, DP (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM ddandek@arl.mil NR 23 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0749-6419 J9 INT J PLASTICITY JI Int. J. Plast. PY 1999 VL 15 IS 12 BP 1291 EP 1309 DI 10.1016/S0749-6419(99)00041-8 PG 19 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 264AH UT WOS:000084157100003 ER PT J AU Vijayalaxmi Seaman, RL Belt, ML Doyle, JM Mathur, SP Prihoda, TJ AF Vijayalaxmi Seaman, RL Belt, ML Doyle, JM Mathur, SP Prihoda, TJ TI Frequency of micronuclei in the blood and bone marrow cells of mice exposed to ultra-wideband electromagnetic radiation SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MUTAGENICITY; GUIDELINES AB Purpose: To investigate the extent of genetic damage in the peripheral blood and bone marrow cells of mice exposed to ultra-wideband electromagnetic radiation (UWBR). Materials and methods: CF-1 male mice were exposed to UWBR for 15 min at an estimated whole-body average specific absorption rate of 37 mW kg(-1). Groups of untreated control and positive control mice injected with mitomycin C were also included in the study. After Various treatments, half of the mice were killed at 18 h, and the other half at 24 h. Peripheral blood and bone marrow smears were examined to determine the extent of genotoxicity, as assessed by the presence of micronuclei (MN) in polychromatic erythrocytes (PCE). Results: The percentages of PCE and the incidence of MN per 2000 PCE in both tissues in mice killed at Ish were similar to the frequencies observed in mice terminated at 24 h. There were no significant differences in the percentage of PCE between control and the mice with or without UWBR exposure; the group mean values (+/- standard deviation) were in the range of 3.1 +/- 0.14 to 3.2 +/- 0.23 in peripheral blood, and 49.0 +/- 3.56 to 52.3 +/- 4.02 in bone marrow. The mean incidence of MN per 2000 PCE in control and in mice with or without UWBR exposure ranged from 7.7 +/- 2.00 to 9.7 +/- 2.54 in peripheral blood and 7.4 +/- 2.32 to 10.0 +/- 3.27 in bone marrow. Pairwise comparison of the data did not reveal statistically significant differences between the control and mice with or without UWBR exposure groups (excluding positive controls). Conclusion: Under the experimental conditions tested, there was no evidence for excess genotoxicity in peripheral blood or bone marrow cells of mice exposed to UWBR. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Radiol, Div Radiat Oncol, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Environm Radiat Toxicol, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. USA, Med Res Detachment, Bioserv & Microwave Bioeffects Branch, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. RP Vijayalaxmi (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Radiol, Div Radiat Oncol, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. EM vijay@uthscsa.edu NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON EC4A 3DE, ENGLAND SN 0955-3002 J9 INT J RADIAT BIOL JI Int. J. Radiat. Biol. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 75 IS 1 BP 115 EP 120 PG 6 WC Biology; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 162LD UT WOS:000078347000014 PM 9972798 ER PT J AU Kennedy, RH AF Kennedy, RH TI Basin-wide considerations for water quality management: Importance of phosphorus retention by reservoirs SO INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF HYDROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE phosphorus; retention; reservoirs; management ID ABUNDANCE AB The relationship between phosphorus retention (R-P) and water residence time (R-T) was assessed for selected U.S. Army Corps of Engineers reservoirs and found to be influenced by areal phosphorus loading rate (P-L). For reservoirs with high P-L (>15 gm/m(2)/yr), R-P increased markedly with modest increases in R-T. Reservoirs with lower values of P-L exhibited less dramatic responses in R-P to changes in R-T. The water quality management implications of this are great since reservoirs for which marked changes in R-P can occur with modest changes in R-T are potential management loci within a drainage basin. C1 Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Kennedy, RH (reprint author), Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1434-2944 J9 INT REV HYDROBIOL JI Int. Rev. Hydrobiol. PY 1999 VL 84 IS 6 BP 557 EP 566 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 269KD UT WOS:000084474600002 ER PT J AU Spink, A Bateman, J Jansen, BJ AF Spink, A Bateman, J Jansen, BJ TI Searching the Web: a survey of EXCITE users SO INTERNET RESEARCH-ELECTRONIC NETWORKING APPLICATIONS AND POLICY LA English DT Article DE search engine; surveys; World Wide Web ID SYSTEMS AB Web search services are now a major source of information for a growing number of people. We need to know more about how users search Web search engines to improve the effectiveness of their information retrieval. This paper reports results from a major study exploring users' information searching behavior on the EXCITE Web search engine. The study is the fi rst to investigate Web users' success ive searching behavior as they conduct related searches over time on the same or evolving topic. A total of 316 EXCITE users responded to an interactive survey accessed through EXCITE's homepage. Users provided information on their search topics, intended query terms, search frequency for information on their topic, and demographic data. Results show that when searching the Web: users tend to employ simple search strategies; and often conduct more than one search (successive searches) over time to find information related to a particular topic. Implications for the design of Web search services are discussed. C1 Univ N Texas, Sch Lib & Informat Sci, Denton, TX 76203 USA. US Mil Acad, Dept Elect Engn, W Point, PA USA. RP Spink, A (reprint author), Univ N Texas, Sch Lib & Informat Sci, Denton, TX 76203 USA. OI Jansen, Bernard/0000-0002-6468-6609 NR 33 TC 73 Z9 74 U1 1 U2 4 PU MCB UNIV PRESS LTD PI BRADFORD PA 60/62 TOLLER LANE, BRADFORD BD8 9BY, W YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1066-2243 J9 INTERNET RES JI Internet Res.-Electron. Netw. Appl. Policy PY 1999 VL 9 IS 2 BP 117 EP 128 DI 10.1108/10662249910264882 PG 12 WC Business; Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Business & Economics; Computer Science; Telecommunications GA 201TC UT WOS:000080610800005 ER PT B AU Lawler, WB AF Lawler, WB GP IEEE IEEE TI CMOS drive circuit for opto-electronic readout of image sensors SO ISCAS '99: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1999 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS, VOL 5: SYSTEMS, POWER ELECTRONICS, AND NEURAL NETWORKS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1999 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS 99) CY MAY 30-JUN 02, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP IEEE AB We describe a CMOS circuit designed to provide de and low-frequency pulsed drive current for semiconductor vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers under development at the U. S. Army Research Laboratory. The circuit is the unit cell of an 8 x 8 element array that has been interfaced with a matched laser array. We qualitatively discuss unit cell operation, provide circuit equations from our de analysis, and show experimental results. C1 USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Lawler, WB (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-5471-0 PY 1999 BP 124 EP 127 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BN36N UT WOS:000081715600031 ER PT J AU Levine, ME Wojcik, BE AF Levine, ME Wojcik, BE TI Alcoholic typology and season of birth SO JOURNAL OF ADDICTIVE DISEASES LA English DT Article ID BIPOLAR DISORDER; DOWNS-SYNDROME; SCHIZOPHRENIA AB Objective: This study analyzed the half years of birth of a large (n = 113,276) population of alcoholic patients in the U.S. Army Alcohol and Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Program from 1986 through 1990. Method: Subjects were enrolled for treatment of alcoholism or alcohol-related problems, and were analyzed for half year of birth. Groupings by age and gender, consistent with current theories of alcoholic typology, were compared, by means of chi-square tests, and by comparisons of two rates or proportions. Results: The 17-21 year old and the 22-39 year old age groups differed by 5.1% in regard to half year of birth (chi-square 260.317, p < 0.001, 95% CI:4.481 to 5.725, odds ratio:1.23). Both groups differed significantly from the normal circannual birth pattern, but in opposite directions. Conclusions: The findings support the differentiation of types of alcoholics by age, which is a characteristic of Cloninger's classification, suggesting a biological, pre-natal factor. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Ctr Healthcare Educ & Studies, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Levine, ME (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU HAWORTH PRESS INC PI BINGHAMTON PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 USA SN 1055-0887 J9 J ADDICT DIS JI J. Addict. Dis. PY 1999 VL 18 IS 1 BP 41 EP 52 PG 12 WC Substance Abuse SC Substance Abuse GA 190QT UT WOS:000079976500005 PM 10234562 ER PT J AU Batzer, W Ditzler, T Brown, C AF Batzer, W Ditzler, T Brown, C TI LSD use and flashbacks in alcoholic patients SO JOURNAL OF ADDICTIVE DISEASES LA English DT Article AB Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) is a hallucinogenic drug that received considerable attention in the 1960's and early 1970's. It produced a wide variety of psychological phenomena, including a variety of perceptual disturbances which would manifest among some users long after the drug had left the system. These phenomena were commonly referred to as "flashbacks" and may have been largely responsible for the drug falling out of favor among recreational drug users. This report describes histories of LSD use among alcoholism treatment facility inpatients and reports specific characteristics of flashbacks and the degree of subjective distress experienced during flashbacks. Findings indicate a statistically significant relationship between number of doses and incidence of flashbacks. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Triserv Addict Treatment Facil, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. Univ Hawaii Manoa, John A Burns Sch Med, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, F Edward Hebert Sch Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Child & Adolescent Psychiat Serv, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Batzer, W (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Triserv Addict Treatment Facil, 1 Jarrett White Rd, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU HAWORTH PRESS INC PI BINGHAMTON PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 USA SN 1055-0887 J9 J ADDICT DIS JI J. Addict. Dis. PY 1999 VL 18 IS 2 BP 57 EP 63 PG 7 WC Substance Abuse SC Substance Abuse GA 189VR UT WOS:000079927300006 PM 10334376 ER PT J AU Chun, I Reneker, DH Fong, H Fang, XY Deitzel, J Tan, NB Kearns, K AF Chun, I Reneker, DH Fong, H Fang, XY Deitzel, J Tan, NB Kearns, K TI Carbon nanofibers from polyacrylonitrile and mesophase pitch SO JOURNAL OF ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; ACTIVATED CARBON; FIBERS; MICROSTRUCTURE; MORPHOLOGY AB Carbon nanofibers were produced from both polyacrylonitrile and mesophase pitch. Stabilization and carbonization processes were used to convert as-spun nanofibers to carbon fibers. The nanofibers are arbitrarily long, although a way to make nanofibers less than an millimeter long, with high aspect ratios, was found. The diameters of typical carbon nanofibers are in the range from 100 nanometer to a few microns. A log normal distribution provides a good representation of the measured distribution of diameters. The carbon nanofibers were observed by polarized optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and wide angle x-ray diffraction. As-spun mesophase pitch fibers are transparent, red or orange in transmitted light, and birefringent. Electron diffraction patterns were obtained from individual carbon nanofibers. The interplane spacing of (002) planes of mesophase pitch based carbon nanofibers was measured using wide angle x-ray diffraction. Nanofibers provide a higher ratio of surface re to mass than carbon fibers ordinarily used in composites. Carbon nanofibers can be useful in filters, as a support for catalysts in high temperature reactions, in composites to improve mechanical properties, or for thermal management in semiconductor devices. Nanopores in carbon fibers were produced using nitrogen gas saturated with water vapor. C1 Univ Akron, Inst Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. Dept AF Wright Lab AFMC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Chun, I (reprint author), Univ Akron, Inst Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. NR 33 TC 110 Z9 113 U1 6 U2 38 PU SAMPE PUBLISHERS PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DRIVE, COVINA, CA 91722 USA SN 1070-9789 J9 J ADV MATER-COVINA JI J. Adv. Mater. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 31 IS 1 BP 36 EP 41 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 209HY UT WOS:000081043200006 ER PT J AU Marks, SN Carregal, VA Engler, RJM Bornstein, JA AF Marks, SN Carregal, VA Engler, RJM Bornstein, JA TI Idiopathic eosinophilic esophagitis in a family cohort. SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 103 IS 1 SU S MA 647 BP S169 EP S169 PN 2 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 165FC UT WOS:000078509000650 ER PT J AU Nelson, MR Belnap, CS Engler, RJM Hershey, JN O'Connell, MA AF Nelson, MR Belnap, CS Engler, RJM Hershey, JN O'Connell, MA TI Measurable serum IgA by ELISA in a cohort of immunodeficiency patients with levels undetectable by nephelometry. SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 103 IS 1 SU S MA 545 BP S143 EP S143 PN 2 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 165FC UT WOS:000078509000551 ER PT J AU Purohit-Sheth, TS O'Connell, MA AF Purohit-Sheth, TS O'Connell, MA TI Stiff-man syndrome: Symptomatic improvement with intra venous immunoglobulin (IVIG). SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 103 IS 1 SU S MA 78 BP S20 EP S20 PN 2 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 165FC UT WOS:000078509000078 ER PT J AU Stephenson, LA Kolka, MA AF Stephenson, LA Kolka, MA TI Esophageal temperature threshold for sweating decreases before ovulation in premenopausal women SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE menstrual cycle; body temperature regulation; follicular phase; estradiol; human ID MENSTRUAL-CYCLE PHASE; BLOOD-FLOW; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; BODY-TEMPERATURE; ESTROGEN; EXERCISE; 17-BETA-ESTRADIOL; RESPONSES; HEAT; VASODILATION AB The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that regulated body temperature is decreased in the preovulatory phase in eumenorrheic women. Six women were studied in both the preovulatory phase (Preov-2; days 9-12), which was 1-2 days before predicted ovulation when 17 beta-estradiol (E-2) was estimated to peak, and in the follicular phase (F; days 2-6). The subjects walked on a treadmill (similar to 225 W . m(-2)) in a warm chamber (ambient temperature = 30 degrees C; dew-point temperature = 11.5 degrees C) while heavily clothed. E-2, esophageal temperature (T-es), local skin temperatures, and local sweating rate were measured. The estimate of when the E-2 surge would occur was correct for four of six subjects. In these four subjects, E-2 increased (P less than or equal to 0.05) from 42.0 +/- 24.5 pg/ml during F to 123.2 +/- 31.3 pg/ml during Preov-2. Resting T-es was 37.02 +/- 0.20 degrees C during F and 36.76 +/- 0.28 degrees C during Preov-2 (P less than or equal to 0.05). The T-es threshold for sweating was decreased (P less than or equal to 0.05) from 36.88 +/- 0.27 degrees C during F to 36.64 +/- 0.35 degrees C during Preov-2. Both mean skin and mean body temperatures were decreased during rest in Preov-2 group. The hypothesis that regulated body temperature is decreased during the preovulatory phase is supported. C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, MCMRUETMD, Thermal & Mt Med Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Stephenson, LA (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, MCMRUETMD, Thermal & Mt Med Div, Kansas St, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 36 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 8750-7587 J9 J APPL PHYSIOL JI J. Appl. Physiol. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 86 IS 1 BP 22 EP 28 PG 7 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA 191EN UT WOS:000080009600005 PM 9887109 ER PT J AU McFarland, DG Barko, JW AF McFarland, DG Barko, JW TI High-temperature effects on growth and propagule formation in Hydrilla biotypes SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Hydrilla verticillata; biomass; morphology; tubers; turions; reproduction; thermal conditions; photoperiod ID FRESH-WATER MACROPHYTES; VERTICILLATA LF ROYLE; DIOECIOUS HYDRILLA; LIGHT; HYDROCHARITACEAE; PHOTOPERIOD; MORPHOLOGY; FLORIDA; TURIONS AB In consecutive greenhouse studies, growth and propagule formation were examined first in monoecious hydrilla [Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle], then in dioecious hydrilla, at three temperature levels (25, 30, and 35 C) and contrasted over three periods of growth (8, 12 and 16 wks). Each biotype was grown under natural photoperiods, decreasing from 14 hrs (in Aug) over 8, 12, and 16 wks respectively to 12, 11, and 10 hrs (in Oct, Nov, and Dec). For both biotypes, total biomass and root-to-shoot ratios were significantly reduced at 35 C; greater biomass was produced both at 25 and 30 C. Increases in growth period generally enhanced total biomass and shoot production; however, shoot length was unresponsive to growth periods beyond 8 wks. The 35 C treatment strongly impeded tuber formation and eliminated the production of axillary turions; the number and biomass of these propagules peaked at lower temperatures under short photoperiods after 12 to 16 wks. Shoot elongation was stimulated with increases in temperature and was especially pronounced in the dioecious biotype. Notably, in the monoecious biotype, the number of shoots as a potential source of fragments, and tuber production (although reduced) occurred at relatively high levels under unfavorably high-temperature (35 C) conditions. These results suggest that monoecious hydrilla may be better adapted to high temperatures than previously shown, and that the distribution of both biotypes in the U.S. could overlap further in southern states. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP McFarland, DG (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Environm Lab, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 41 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 5 PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC PI CLERMONT PA PO BOX 121086, CLERMONT, FL 34712-1086 USA SN 0146-6623 J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 37 BP 17 EP 25 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 225VQ UT WOS:000081987000004 ER PT J AU Madsen, JD Smith, DH AF Madsen, JD Smith, DH TI Vegetative spread of dioecious Hydrilla colonies in experimental ponds SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE vegetative reproduction; fragment; stolen; dispersal; Hydrilla verticillata ID EURASIAN WATERMILFOIL; VERTICILLATA; FLORIDA; TURIONS; TUBERS AB Stolen formation and fragmentation are two vegetative mechanisms by which hydrilla colonies expand. These two mechanisms of spread were studied in ponds located in Lewisville, TX over a two-year period. Stolons were determined to be the predominant mechanism for localized expansion in undisturbed areas. While some fragments were produced, tl-ley accounted for only 0.1% of the establishment of rooted plants in new quad-rats. Peak production of fragments occurred in October and November, with fragment densities of 0.15 N m(-2) d(-1). Expansion by stolons occurred between June and November of each year, with higher rates of spread (up to 4.0 cm d(-1) radial growth) observed in the second season. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, CEWES, ES,P, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Lewisville Aquat Ecosyst Res Facil, Lewisville, TX 75056 USA. RP Madsen, JD (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, CEWES, ES,P, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 21 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 8 PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC PI CLERMONT PA PO BOX 121086, CLERMONT, FL 34712-1086 USA SN 0146-6623 J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 37 BP 25 EP 29 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 225VQ UT WOS:000081987000005 ER PT J AU Cameron, KL Yunker, CA Austin, MC AF Cameron, KL Yunker, CA Austin, MC TI A standardized protocol for the initial evaluation and documentation of mild brain injury SO JOURNAL OF ATHLETIC TRAINING LA English DT Article DE concussion; sideline; neurologic ID GUIDELINES; CONCUSSION; RETURN; SPORTS AB Objective: To present a protocol for the initial assessment and documentation of mild brain injury, a protocol that is used within the Department of Physical Education at the United States Military Academy. Background: Recently, much attention has been given to the assessment and management of mild brain injury by the sports medicine community. Although the classification of and management strategies for mild brain injury have been well disputed, most experts agree on the essentials of the sideline or initial evaluation. According to leading experts, if an athlete has experienced an episode of mild brain injury, the initial signs and symptoms, as well as the course of those signs and symptoms, should be documented. Description: Although many athletic training texts formerly discussed techniques for evaluating an episode of mild brain injury, few present an objective protocol to follow. Our protocol includes 3 components. The first component is the initial evaluation, which incorporates serial observations during the first 20 minutes after injury, with neurologic checks every 5 minutes. The second component includes a take-home sheet for athletes not referred to a physician for further evaluation. The third part of the protocol is a 24-hour postinjury follow-up examination for any signs or symptoms of postconcussion syndrome. Finally, we present the indications for referral to a physician for further evaluation. Clinical Advantages/Recommendations : Using a standard protocol to guide evaluation and to document the initial course of signs and symptoms after mild brain injury allows the sports medicine staff to make better management decisions. In addition, patient instructions and the course of follow-up evaluations can be improved if a standard protocol is employed. Our protocol has been developed to meet the needs both of athletes who are exposed to mild brain injury on a daily basis and of the certified athletic trainers who initially evaluate them; the protocol can be adapted to the individual needs of each athletic training setting. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Phys Educ, W Point, NY 10996 USA. Univ Nebraska, Omaha, NE 68182 USA. RP Cameron, KL (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Phys Educ, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ATHLETIC TRAINERS ASSOC INC PI DALLAS PA 2952 STEMMONS FREEWAY, DALLAS, TX 75247 USA SN 1062-6050 J9 J ATHL TRAINING JI J. Athl. Train. PD JAN-MAR PY 1999 VL 34 IS 1 BP 34 EP 42 PG 9 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 178QV UT WOS:000079278200010 PM 16558546 ER PT J AU Xenos, JS Callaghan, JJ Heekin, RD Hopkinson, WJ Savory, CG Moore, MS AF Xenos, JS Callaghan, JJ Heekin, RD Hopkinson, WJ Savory, CG Moore, MS TI The porous-coated anatomic total hip prosthesis, inserted without cement - A prospective study with a minimum of ten years of follow-up SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND JOINT SURGERY-AMERICAN VOLUME LA English DT Article AB One hundred consecutive primary total hip arthroplasties performed with use of a porous-coated anatomic total hip prosthesis, fixed without cement, in ninety-one patients were followed prospectively for a minimum of ten years. At the time of the most recent follow-up, twenty patients (twenty-three hips) had died and seventy-one patients (seventy-seven hips) were living, The average age of the living patients,vas sixty-six years (range, thirty-two to ninety-two years), and their average Harris hip score was 84 points (range, 33 to 100 points), Twelve percent (nine) of the seventy-seven hips were found to be associated with pain in the thigh when the patients were specifically questioned by the examiner, Eleven hips were revised during the follow-up period, Only the acetabular component was revised in six hips, only the femoral component was revised in one hip, and both the femoral and the acetabular components were revised in four hips. Of the ten acetabular revisions, one was performed because of acute dissociation of the component and eight, because of a combination of polyethylene wear, osteolysis, and loosening; the tenth acetabular revision consisted of exchange of the liner and curettage and bone-grafting of the osteolytic area. Of the five femoral revisions, two were performed because of loosening and three, because of extensive osteolysis of the proximal aspect of the femur. Including the revised components, twelve acetabular components and five femoral components had radiographic evidence of aseptic loosening. Acetabular osteolysis occurred in seventeen hips, Femoral osteolysis occurred in thirty-nine hips: in the proximal aspect of thirty-one hips, in the distal aspect of four, and in both the proximal and the distal aspect of four. The durability of the femoral fixation documented in this study is especially encouraging in view of the fact that this was our initial experience nifh devices fixed without cement and that a so-called first-generation femoral component was used. However, the study also demonstrated that not all acetabular components fixed without cement function well over the long term and that specific design considerations (adequate initial fixation, congruency between the liner and the shell, an optimum shell-liner capturing mechanism, and a smaller femoral head) are warranted. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Orthopaed Surg Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Callaghan, JJ (reprint author), Univ Iowa Hosp & Clin, Dept Orthopaed Surg, 200 Hawkins Dr, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM john-callaghan@uiowa.edu FU NIAMS NIH HHS [AR 43314] NR 19 TC 86 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOURNAL BONE JOINT SURGERY INC PI NEEDHAM PA 20 PICKERING ST, NEEDHAM, MA 02192 USA SN 0021-9355 J9 J BONE JOINT SURG AM JI J. Bone Joint Surg.-Am. Vol. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 81A IS 1 BP 74 EP 82 PG 9 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 161JN UT WOS:000078285600011 PM 9973057 ER PT J AU Khajavi, K Comair, YG Wyllie, E Palmer, J Morris, HH Hahn, JF AF Khajavi, K Comair, YG Wyllie, E Palmer, J Morris, HH Hahn, JF TI Surgical management of pediatric tumor-associated epilepsy SO JOURNAL OF CHILD NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID TEMPORAL-LOBE EPILEPSY; LOW-GRADE GLIOMAS; INTRACTABLE EPILEPSY; BRAIN-TUMORS; PARTIAL SEIZURES; RESECTION; CHILDREN; LOCALIZATION; LESIONS; CORTEX AB Brain tumors are a common cause of seizures in children. Early surgical treatment can improve seizure outcome, but controversy exists regarding the most appropriate type of surgical intervention. Some studies suggest tumor resection alone is sufficient, while others recommend mapping and resection of the surrounding epileptogenic foci to optimize seizure outcome. To address this issue, we reviewed the charts of 34 pediatric patients aged 18 months to 20 years with medically intractable epilepsy and primary brain tumors. The average age at operation was 12.6 years, and patients had seizures for an average of 6.4 years. The majority of tumors were located in the temporal lobe. Seventeen patients, because of tumor location near an eloquent area, underwent extraoperative mapping using subdural electrode grids prior to definitive tumor resection. Fourteen of these patients had a gross total tumor resection, yet only two had a distinct zone of ictal onset identified and resected. The remaining 17 patients had tumors either in the nondominant hemisphere or far removed from speech-sensitive areas, and therefore did not undergo extraoperative subdural electroencephalograph mapping. Fourteen of these patients also had a gross total tumor resection, while none had intraoperative electrocorticography to guide the resection of additional nontumoral tissue. Overall, of the 28 patients treated with a gross total tumor resection, 24 (86%) are seizure free, while the other four are significantly improved. Of the six patients who had a subtotal tumor removal, five have persistent seizures. The mean follow-up was 3.6 years. We conclude that in children and adolescents, completeness of tumor resection is the most important factor in determining seizure outcome. The routine mapping and resection of epileptogenic foci might not be necessary in the majority of patients. As a corollary, the use of subdural electrode grids in pediatric patients with tumor-associated epilepsy should be Limited to cases requiring extraoperative cortical stimulation for localization of nearby eloquent cortex. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Neurosurg Serv, Washington, DC 20037 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Amer Univ Beirut, Med Ctr, Div Neurosurg, Beirut, Lebanon. Cleveland Clin Fdn, Dept Neurosurg, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. Cleveland Clin Fdn, Dept Neurol, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. RP Khajavi, K (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Neurosurg Serv, Washington, DC 20037 USA. EM Khajavi@bigfoot.com NR 67 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 0 PU DECKER PERIODICALS INC PI HAMILTON PA 4 HUGHSON STREET SOUTH PO BOX 620, LCD 1, HAMILTON, ONTARIO L8N 3K7, CANADA SN 0883-0738 J9 J CHILD NEUROL JI J. Child Neurol. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 14 IS 1 BP 15 EP 25 DI 10.1177/088307389901400102 PG 11 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA 161ZG UT WOS:000078320000002 PM 10025536 ER PT J AU Murray, CK Estey, E Paietta, E Howard, RS Edenfield, WJ Pierce, S Mann, KP Bolan, C Byrd, JC AF Murray, CK Estey, E Paietta, E Howard, RS Edenfield, WJ Pierce, S Mann, KP Bolan, C Byrd, JC TI CD56 expression in acute promyelocytic leukemia: A possible indicator of poor treatment outcome? SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRANS-RETINOIC ACID; ACUTE MYELOID-LEUKEMIA; PREVIOUSLY UNRECOGNIZED FORM; ACUTE MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA; MINIMAL RESIDUAL DISEASE; CELL ACUTE-LEUKEMIA; CHEMOTHERAPY; ASSOCIATION; RELEVANCE; FEATURES AB Purpose: Blast expression of CD56 is frequent in patients with t(8;21)(q22;q22) acute myeloid leukemia and is associated with an inferior outcome. The expression of CD56 has rarely been reported in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) and has nat been clinically characterized. Therefore, we examined the prognostic significance of CD56 expression in APL, Patients and Methods: We identified all reported cases of CD56(+) APL in the medical literature and collected clinical, biologic, and therapeutic details. Results: Data were obtained for 12 patients with CD56(+) APL (> 20% blast expression of CD56), including four cases from a single institution with a total of: 42 APL patients. All of the CD56(+) APL patients had documented cytogenetic presence of t(15;17), and of the nine reported isotypes, eight (89%) were S-isoform. Only six CD56(+) patients (50%) attained complete remission (CR); the other six individuals died within 35 days of presentation. Of the six patients who attained a CR, three (50%) relapsed at 111, 121, and 155 weeks, whereas three remained in continuous CR at 19, 90, and 109 weeks. Comparison of the control CD56(-) to CD56(+) APL patients demonstrated that the latter group had a significantly lower fibrinogen level (P = .007), and among patients far whom data were available, there was a higher frequency of the S-isoform (P = .006). Additionally, the CR rate (50% v 84%, P = .025) and overall median survival (5 v 232 weeks; P = .019)were significantly inferior for CD56(+) APL patients. Conclusion: CD56(+) acute promyelocytic leukemia is infrequent, seems to occur more frequently with the S-isoform subtype, and may be associated with a lower CR rate and inferior overall survival. J Clin Oncol 17:293-297. (C) 1999 by American Society of Clinical Oncology. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Hematol Oncol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Houston, TX USA. Montefiore Albert Einstein Canc Ctr, Bronx, NY USA. Eastern Cooperat Oncol Grp, Brookline, MA USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. RP Byrd, JC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Hematol Oncol Serv, Ward 78, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 39 TC 90 Z9 91 U1 1 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0732-183X J9 J CLIN ONCOL JI J. Clin. Oncol. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 17 IS 1 BP 293 EP 297 PG 5 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 155CB UT WOS:000077927400036 PM 10458245 ER PT J AU Dickinson, LC Farley, GL Hinders, MK AF Dickinson, LC Farley, GL Hinders, MK TI Prediction of effective three-dimensional elastic constants of translaminar reinforced composites SO JOURNAL OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS LA English DT Article AB A Trans-Laminar;Reinforced (TLR) composite is defined as composite laminate with up to five percent volume of fibrous reinforcement oriented in a trans-laminar fashion in the through-thickness direction. The objective of this work was to examine the effect of important parameters on elastic response. Detailed finite element models of unit cells were used to study the effects of adding TLR on the elastic constants. Parameters investigated included TLR material, TLR volume fraction, TLR diameter, TLR through-thickness angle, ply stacking sequence, and the microstructural features of pure resin regions and curved in-plane fibers. The work was limited to materials with at least one ply interface. Adding a few percent TLR had a small negative effect on the in-plane extensional and shear moduli, E-x, E-y and G(xy), but a large positive effect (up to 60 percent) on the thickness direction extensional modulus, E-z. The volume fraction and the axial modulus of the TLR were the controlling parameters affecting E-z. The out-of-plane shear moduli, G(xz) and G(yz), were significantly affected only with the use of a TLR with a shear modulus an order of magnitude greater than that of the composite lamina. A simple stiffness averaging method for calculating the elastic constants was found to compare closely with the finite element results, with the greatest difference being found in the inter-laminar shear moduli, G(xz) and G(yz). C1 3TEX Inc, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Army Res Lab, Vehicle Struct Directorate, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. Coll William & Mary, Dept Appl Sci, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. RP Dickinson, LC (reprint author), 3TEX Inc, NC State Centennial Campus, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. NR 27 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 5 PU TECHNOMIC PUBL CO INC PI LANCASTER PA 851 NEW HOLLAND AVE, BOX 3535, LANCASTER, PA 17604 USA SN 0021-9983 J9 J COMPOS MATER JI J. Compos Mater. PY 1999 VL 33 IS 11 BP 1002 EP 1029 PG 28 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 217BF UT WOS:000081478900004 ER PT J AU Tay, TE Fink, BK McKnight, SH Yarlagadda, S Gillespie, JW AF Tay, TE Fink, BK McKnight, SH Yarlagadda, S Gillespie, JW TI Accelerated curing of adhesives in bonded joints by induction heating SO JOURNAL OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE induction; adhesive; bonded joints; accelerated cure ID COMPOSITES; CURE AB This paper presents the results of a study on the use of induction heating for rapid curing of a commercially available room-temperature curing paste adhesive, with a view to application in the repair of composite structures. The repair of damaged composite structures using adhesively bonded patches is ofter, a very time-consuming process. This is partly due to the long times required for complete and satisfactory cure of the adhesive systems used. While the curing process can be accelerated by application of heat through devices such as heating blankets and lamps, these methods are inefficient since considerable heat is lost to the surrounding material and environment. The method of electromagnetic heating, however, is well suited for rapid and localized heating of the adhesive bondline provided suitable susceptors are used. In this paper, it is shown that induction heating can be successfully used to cure a room-temperature curing paste adhesive. Furthermore, results of single lap shear and double notched shear specimen tests show no substantial reduction in the strength of bonded joints with the use of embedded susceptors. C1 Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Mech & Prod Engn, Singapore 119260, Singapore. USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. Univ Delaware, Ctr Composite Mat, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Mat Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Tay, TE (reprint author), Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Mech & Prod Engn, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 119260, Singapore. OI Tay, Tong-Earn/0000-0002-2846-1947 NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU TECHNOMIC PUBL CO INC PI LANCASTER PA 851 NEW HOLLAND AVE, BOX 3535, LANCASTER, PA 17604 USA SN 0021-9983 J9 J COMPOS MATER JI J. Compos Mater. PY 1999 VL 33 IS 17 BP 1643 EP 1664 PG 22 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 241EG UT WOS:000082869300004 ER PT J AU Dickinson, LC Farley, GL Hinders, MK AF Dickinson, LC Farley, GL Hinders, MK TI Translaminar reinforced composites: A review SO JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES TECHNOLOGY & RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE stitched composites; Z-fiber; 3D composites; through-thickness reinforcement AB A trans-laminar-reinforced (TLR) composite may be defined as a composite laminate with up to 5% volume of fibrous reinforcement oriented in a translaminar or through-thickness direction. The TLR can be continuous threads as in stitched laminates, or it can be discontinuous rods or pins as in Z-fiber materials. These materials may be considered a subset of 3D composites, with the distinction that the material structure is a simple layered structure with only a few percent volume of reinforcement through-the-thickness. It has been repeatedly documented in the literature that adding either type of TLR to an otherwise two-dimensional laminate results in the following advantages: substantially improved compression-after-impact response, considerably increased fracture toughness in Mode I (double cantilever beam) and Mode II (end notch flexure), and severely restricted size and growth of impact damage and edge delamination. TLR has also been used to eliminate catastrophic stiffener disbonding in stiffened structures, and in cocured structures it may be used as a substitute for mechanical fasteners. TLR directly protects the Achilles' heel of laminated composites, that is, delamination. As little as 1% volume of TLR significantly alters the mechanical response of laminates. While there is a significant volume of literature, which is reviewed in this paper, there is still a very incomplete understanding of the mechanisms and parameters affecting those mechanisms responsible for the significant changes in the laminate response. C1 3TEX Inc, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. USA, Res Lab, Vehicle Struct Directorate, NASA,LARC, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Dickinson, LC (reprint author), 3TEX Inc, NC State Centennial Campus, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. NR 151 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 4 U2 12 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0884-6804 J9 J COMPOS TECH RES JI J. Compos. Technol. Res. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 21 IS 1 BP 3 EP 15 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Composites; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 159EQ UT WOS:000078159200001 ER PT J AU Krasko, GL Rice, B Yip, S AF Krasko, GL Rice, B Yip, S TI A bond-order potential for atomistic simulations in iron SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTER-AIDED MATERIALS DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Advanced Materials (IUMRS) CY JUN 13-18, 1999 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Union Mat Res Soc DE atomistic simulation; bond order potential; iron ID EMBEDDED-ATOM-METHOD; GRAIN-BOUNDARY; INTERATOMIC POTENTIALS; ELASTIC PROPERTIES; COVALENT SYSTEMS; PHOSPHORUS; COHESION; ENERGY; METALS; ENERGETICS AB A new semi-empirical potential for Fe based on the quantum chemistry concept of bond order has been developed. The potential consists of two parts: the repulsive short-range exponential potential, and the attractive potential, also of the exponential form, with a bond-order prefactor. The latter depends on angles between the Fe-Fe bonds, and uses the environmental parameter similar to that of the Tersoff bond-order potential for tetrahedrally bonded semiconductors. The bond order function (depending on the above environmental parameter), however, is of a more general form than that of the Tersoff potential. The new potential was calibrated using the traditional fitting to the Universal Scaling and the equilibrium volume and cohesive energy of BCC Fe. The introduced 'punishment functions' also directed the multi-variate minimization process towards minimizing the deviations between the calculated and experimental values of the elastic moduli C' and C-44, the energies of FCC and HCP Fe modifications, and the (111) free surface energy. With the total of 15 fitted parameters, the potential reproduces with only minor deviations the elastic moduli, the volume-pressure equation of states in BCC phase, the energies in FCC and HCP modifications, the BCC-HCP phase transformation under pressure, and the energy of the (111) free surface. Other tests of the new potential are being currently performed. The potential will be used in atomistic simulations of lattice stability, and deformation and chemisorption processes in Fe. C1 MIT, Dept Nucl Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Div, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP MIT, Dept Nucl Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NR 40 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0928-1045 J9 J COMPUT-AIDED MATER JI J. Comput-Aided Mater. Des. PY 1999 VL 6 IS 2-3 BP 129 EP 136 DI 10.1023/A:1008730606251 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Materials Science GA 336DV UT WOS:000088287400006 ER PT J AU Earls, CJ AF Earls, CJ TI On the inelastic failure of high strength steel I-shaped beams SO JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTIONAL STEEL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE high strength steel; finite elements; ductility; beams AB Compactness and bracing provisions for the design of steel beams are formulated so as to ensure that the resulting beam exhibits adequate structural ductility. The specification of such compactness and bracing requirements involve assumptions about the constitutive nature of the structural steel being used. Such material response assumptions are valid in designs involving most structural steel grades. However, it appears from the current research that these same assumptions are not valid when used to predict the ductility of wide flange beams made from the high performance steel grade HSLA80. HSLA80 wide flange beams subjected to moment gradient loading display inelastic modes of failure, which do not lend themselves to a notional de-coupling of so-called local buckling and lateral-torsional buckling phenomena. Rather, the inelastic modes of failure of the HSLA80 beams tested herein display two distinct inelastic buckling patterns at failure, both of which exhibit localized and global buckling components. The structural ductility of the beams is very much dependent upon which of the two mode shapes govern at failure. Cross-sectional proportions, bracing configuration, and geometric imperfections all play a role in influencing which mode governs in the beam at failure. Currently held views as to the impact of cross-sectional compactness and bracing on structural ductility may not apply to HSLA80 beams. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Civil & Mech Engn, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Earls, CJ (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Civil & Mech Engn, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 14 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-974X J9 J CONSTR STEEL RES JI J. Constr. Steel. Res. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 49 IS 1 BP 1 EP 24 DI 10.1016/S0143-974X(98)00204-1 PG 24 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 136DL UT WOS:000076843200001 ER PT J AU Heenan, DM Sjoblom, J AF Heenan, DM Sjoblom, J TI Four component phase equilibria with tetramethyldioctyldisiloxane SO JOURNAL OF DISPERSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-SOLVENTS; HYDROLYSIS; GELS; TETRAETHOXYSILANE; POLYCONDENSATION; MICROEMULSION; CONDENSATION; WATER AB A complete phase diagram was determined for the system: water, butanol, propanol, and tetramethyldioctyldisiloxane (TDDS) using refractive index and gas chromatography. The solubility limits were established by quantitative analysis and compared to the refractive index of known single-phase mixtures. The system contained three two-phase regions and one three-phase region, which separated from one large continuous single phase. The system exhibited a preferential phase stability, which inversely changed with the increase in polarity of the solution. Once a ratio of 3-1 water-propanol was obtained, the phase separation shifted from TDDS to water. The content of the amphiphilic components influenced the solubility of TDDS and is reflected in the phase equilibria. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Chem, W Point, NY 10996 USA. Univ Bergen, Dept Chem, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. RP Heenan, DM (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Chem, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0193-2691 J9 J DISPER SCI TECHNOL JI J. Dispersion Sci. Technol. PY 1999 VL 20 IS 1-2 BP 467 EP 490 DI 10.1080/01932699908943803 PG 24 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 188HP UT WOS:000079841000030 ER PT J AU Baeg, S Batman, S Dougherty, ER Kamat, VG Kehtarnavaz, N Kim, S Popov, A Sivakumar, K Shah, R AF Baeg, S Batman, S Dougherty, ER Kamat, VG Kehtarnavaz, N Kim, S Popov, A Sivakumar, K Shah, R TI Unsupervised morphological granulometric texture segmentation of digital mammograms SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC IMAGING LA English DT Article ID CLASSIFICATION; MICROCALCIFICATIONS AB Segmentation via morphological granulometric features is based on fitting structuring elements into image topography from below and above. Each structuring element captures a specific texture content This paper applies granulometric segmentation to digitized mammograms in an unsupervised framework, Granulometries based on a number of flat and nonflat structuring elements are computed local sire distributions are tabulated at each pixel, granulometric-moment features are derived from these size distributions to produce a feature vector at each pixel, the Karhunen-Loeve transform is applied for feature reduction, and Voronoi-based clustering is performed on the reduced Karhunen-Loeve feature set Various algorithmic choices are considered, including window size and shape, number of clusters, and type of structuring elements. The algorithm is applied using only granulometric texture features, using gray-scale intensity along with the texture features, and on a compressed mammogram. Segmentation results are clinically evaluated to determine the algorithm structure that best accords to an expert radiologist's view of a set of mammograms. (C) 1999 SPIE and IS&T. [S1017-9909(99)00901-0]. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Comp Aided Med Diagnost Imaging Lab, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas Ctr Appl Technol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Texas A&M Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Comp Aided Med Diagnost Imaging Lab, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU IS&T & SPIE PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1017-9909 EI 1560-229X J9 J ELECTRON IMAGING JI J. Electron. Imaging PD JAN PY 1999 VL 8 IS 1 BP 65 EP 75 DI 10.1117/1.482685 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 280LD UT WOS:000085103500007 ER PT J AU Alshawabkeh, AN Yeung, AT Bricka, MR AF Alshawabkeh, AN Yeung, AT Bricka, MR TI Practical aspects of in-situ electrokinetic extraction SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID METAL-CONTAMINATED SOILS; POROUS-MEDIA; REMOVAL; REMEDIATION; ELECTROOSMOSIS; KAOLINITE; CLAYS; MODEL; LEAD AB Electrokinetic extraction is an emerging technology that can be used to remove contaminants from heterogeneous fine-grained soils in situ. Contaminants in the subsurface are removed by the application of a direct-current electric field across the contaminated soil. The primary contaminant transport and removal mechanisms are electroosmotic advection and ionic migration. However, there are many complex physicochemical reactions occurring simultaneously during the process that may enhance or retard the cleanup process. Nonetheless, the viability of the technology has been established by results obtained from many bench-scale and large-scale laboratory and pilot-scale field experiments performed on various soils. This paper will review the fundamental concepts of the technology and discuss some important practical aspects and design criteria of the technology for field implementations. An example on cost analysis of the technology is also presented to demonstrate the use of various equations presented in the paper and to illustrate the cost-effectiveness of the technology. C1 Northeastern Univ, Snell Engn Ctr 420, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Binnie Black & Veatch Hong Kong Ltd, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong. USA, Corps Engineers, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Alshawabkeh, AN (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, Snell Engn Ctr 420, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Boston, MA 02115 USA. NR 52 TC 114 Z9 122 U1 3 U2 24 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD JAN PY 1999 VL 125 IS 1 BP 27 EP 35 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(1999)125:1(27) PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 147HJ UT WOS:000077483000005 ER PT J AU Ruan, R Long, Z Chen, P Huang, V Almaer, S Taub, I AF Ruan, R Long, Z Chen, P Huang, V Almaer, S Taub, I TI Pulse NMR study of glass transition in maltodextrin SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE DSC; glass transition; maltodextrin; NMR; relaxation time ID DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; MIXTURES; SUGARS; WATER AB A pulse nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique was used to study the glass transition in maltodextrins. The spin-lattice relaxation time (T-1) and spin-spin relaxation time (T-2) of different molecular weight maltodextrins at different moisture contents and temperatures were measured using the pulse NMR technique. T-1 and T-2 were plotted against temperatures. From the resultant curves, the state transitions were observed and the corresponding state transition temperatures were determined. The state transition temperatures were very close to the glass transition temperatures (T(g)s) determined with differential scanning calorimetry, suggesting a strong relationship between glass transition and proton relaxation behavior. Results indicate pulse NMR-based instrumentation could be very effective for the study of glass transition in food polymers. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Biosyst & Agr Engn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Food Sci & Nutr, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Pillsbury Co, Pillsbury Technol Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA. USA, Natick Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Ruan, R (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Biosyst & Agr Engn, 1390 Eckles Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. OI Ruan, Roger/0000-0001-8835-2649 NR 14 TC 25 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 11 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 64 IS 1 BP 6 EP 9 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1999.tb09850.x PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 174DW UT WOS:000079019700002 ER PT J AU Zarull, MA Hartig, JH Krantzberg, G Burch, K Cowgill, D Hill, G Miller, J Sherbin, IG AF Zarull, MA Hartig, JH Krantzberg, G Burch, K Cowgill, D Hill, G Miller, J Sherbin, IG TI Contaminated sediment management in the Great Lakes basin ecosystem SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material DE contaminants; sediment remediation; sediment management; Areas of Concern; Remedial Action Plans ID POLLUTANTS; FISH; WASHINGTON; DISEASES; RIVER AB Contaminated sediment remains a pervasive problem to the restoration and delisting in all of the Great Lakes Areas of Concern. Like many other problems, both identification and implementation of ecologically and economically acceptable solutions is complex. Recognizing the scope of this issue and perceiving that limited progress had been achieved, the International Joint Commission (IJC) asked its Great Lakes Water Quality Board to review the magnitude of the problem and what progress had been made in managing contaminated sediment by Canada and the United States. In addition, the Commission also asked for an identification of obstacles to remediation and recommendations for solutions. This paper provides a synopsis of this work and a summary of an IJC workshop held in June of 1997, in Collingwood, Ontario. Six categories of obstacles to sediment remediation are discussed, potential solutions are identified, and a series of recommendations are proposed. A plan of action to further develop approaches to sediment management and to stimulate additional remediation throughout the basin is also presented. C1 Environm Canada, Natl Water Res Inst, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. Int Joint Commiss, Great Lakes Reg Off, Windsor, ON N9A 6T3, Canada. Ontario Minist Environm, Program Dev Branch, Toronto, ON M4V 1M2, Canada. Penn Dept Environm Protect, Off Great Lakes, Meadville, PA 16335 USA. US EPA, Great Lakes Natl Programs Off, Chicago, IL 60604 USA. Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Div Environm Qual, Madison, WI 53707 USA. US Army Corps Engineers, N Cent Div, Chicago, IL 60606 USA. RP Zarull, MA (reprint author), Environm Canada, Natl Water Res Inst, 867 Lakeshore Rd, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. RI krantzberg, gail/A-5404-2008 NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 1999 VL 25 IS 2 BP 412 EP 422 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 222WD UT WOS:000081807600020 ER PT J AU Krakauer, T Krakauer, H AF Krakauer, T Krakauer, H TI A method of inhibitory for correcting for the variability effects of soluble human interleukin 1 receptor II measured by different ELISAs SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOASSAY LA English DT Article DE interleukin 1 beta; ELISA; soluble IL-1 receptor; standardization ID DECOY RECEPTOR; IL-1; ANTAGONIST; IL-1-BETA; BINDING; DISEASE AB Seven ELISAs were developed by using several combinations of anti-human IL-1 beta antibodies for detecting interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta) in cell culture supernatants. These ELISAs have different sensitivities in detecting standard preparations of recombinant human IL-1 beta (WHO reference standard) compared with conventional preparations of IL-1 beta produced by stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The observed differences were attributed to differences in epitope specificity of the various monoclonal antibodies used and the heterogeneity of IL-1 beta secreted into culture supernatants. The presence of soluble IL-1 receptor type I did not alter the levels of IL-1 beta detected by these ELISAs. However, soluble IL-1 receptor type II interfered with the detection of IL-1 beta to different degrees in these ELISAs. A method involving standarization by means of separate measurement of the amount of receptor and its inhibitory effect in the IL-1 beta ELISA, yields consistent estimates of the correct IL-1 beta levels. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Dept Immunol & Mol Biol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Krakauer, T (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Dept Immunol & Mol Biol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0197-1522 J9 J IMMUNOASSAY JI J. Immunoass. PY 1999 VL 20 IS 3 BP 185 EP 200 DI 10.1080/01971529909349350 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology; Medical Laboratory Technology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology; Medical Laboratory Technology GA 224BE UT WOS:000081875600005 PM 10458641 ER PT J AU Beyrer, C Artenstein, AW Rugpao, S Stephens, H VanCott, TC Robb, ML Rinkaew, M Birx, DL Khamboonruang, C Zimmerman, PA Nelson, KE Natpratan, C AF Beyrer, C Artenstein, AW Rugpao, S Stephens, H VanCott, TC Robb, ML Rinkaew, M Birx, DL Khamboonruang, C Zimmerman, PA Nelson, KE Natpratan, C CA Chiang Mai HEPS Working Grp TI Epidemiologic and biologic characterization of a cohort of human immunodeficiency virus type I highly exposed, persistently seronegative female sex workers in northern Thailand SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID MUCOSAL IMMUNE-RESPONSES; T-CELL ACTIVITY; HIV-1 INFECTION; DISEASE PROGRESSION; CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; DELETION ALLELE; CHILDREN BORN; SIV INFECTION; HTLV-III/LAV AB Characterization of persons highly exposed to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 who remain uninfected may help define protective immunity Seventeen HIV-l-seronegative Thai female sex workers (CSWs) with epidemiologic evidence of exposure to HIV-1 were studied for humoral immune responses and phenotypic and genotypic analyses of HLA class I and CCR5 allelic profiles. Infected CSWs and low-risk HIV-l-seronegative Thai women were controls. Highly exposed, persistently seronegative (HEPS) CSWs did not differ from HIV-infected CSWs in HIV risks, condom use, or sexually transmitted diseases. Significant differences were seen in humoral immune responses: gp160-specific IgA responses were detected in cervicovaginal lavage fluids in 6 of 13 HEPS CSWs but 0 of 21 seronegative subjects. All women had wild-type CCR5, HEPS CSWs were more likely to have the HLA-B18 phenotype and genotype than were matched controls (corrected P=.018), Epidemiologic exposure to HIV-1 without apparent infection, an unusual distribution of HLA class I alleles, and HIV-1 gp160-specific IgA responses suggest a biologic basis for this phenomenon. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Retrovirol, Rockville, MD USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD USA. NIAID, Parasit Dis Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Chiang Mai Univ, Res Inst Hlth Sci, Chiang Mai 50000, Thailand. Reg Off Communicable Dis Control, Chiang Mai, Thailand. Siriraj Hosp, Bangkok, Thailand. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. UCL, Sch Med, London W1N 8AA, England. RP Beyrer, C (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, 615 N Wolfe St,Suite 7132, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM cbeyrer@jhsph.edu FU PHS HHS [H4188732155] NR 70 TC 152 Z9 153 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1537-6613 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 179 IS 1 BP 59 EP 67 DI 10.1086/314556 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 151MW UT WOS:000077725000009 PM 9841823 ER PT J AU Mendis, C Das, R Jett, M AF Mendis, C Das, R Jett, M TI Cross-talk between p38 kinase and key components of multiple signal transduction pathways in SEB induced human lymphoid cells. SO JOURNAL OF LEUKOCYTE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Pathol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0741-5400 J9 J LEUKOCYTE BIOL JI J. Leukoc. Biol. PY 1999 SU S MA 54 BP 18 EP 18 PG 1 WC Cell Biology; Hematology; Immunology SC Cell Biology; Hematology; Immunology GA 225QX UT WOS:000081973200057 ER PT J AU Alving, CR AF Alving, CR TI Commentary: Some thoughts on an international liposome society SO JOURNAL OF LIPOSOME RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Membrane Biochem, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Alving, CR (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Membrane Biochem, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0898-2104 J9 J LIPOSOME RES JI J. Liposome Res. PY 1999 VL 9 IS 3 BP IX EP XII DI 10.3109/08982109909018651 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 235JV UT WOS:000082539300002 ER PT J AU Alving, CR AF Alving, CR TI Untitled SO JOURNAL OF LIPOSOME RESEARCH LA English DT Letter C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Alving, CR (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0898-2104 J9 J LIPOSOME RES JI J. Liposome Res. PY 1999 VL 9 IS 1 BP 158 EP 162 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 182JG UT WOS:000079495400014 ER PT J AU Wolden, CA Draper, CE Sitar, Z Prater, JT AF Wolden, CA Draper, CE Sitar, Z Prater, JT TI The influences of reactant composition and substrate material on the combustion synthesis of diamond SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; PRESSURE FLAT FLAME; CVD DIAMOND; THIN-FILMS; GROWTH; RAMAN; NUCLEATION; FLOW; TEMPERATURE; DEPENDENCE AB It has been observed that diamond deposition by flat flame chemical vapor deposition is achieved over a very narrow range of reactant composition. We demonstrate that this diamond deposition window is strongly determined by the nature of the substrate material. Furthermore, once a continuous diamond film is formed, the window appears to be independent of the original material. Substrates examined include silicon, glass, titanium, tungsten, nickel, and molybdenum. The dependence of growth rate, morphology, and quality on reactant composition has been quantified using scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS), It was found that the highest quality diamond was grown at conditions where diamond does not nucleate on ultrasonically scratched silicon. Thus, the production of high quality diamond on silicon by combustion synthesis requires different conditions for nucleation and growth. C1 Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Wolden, CA (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM cwolden@mines.edu NR 39 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 14 IS 1 BP 259 EP 269 DI 10.1557/JMR.1999.0038 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 168PG UT WOS:000078701000038 ER PT J AU Tanskul, P Linthicum, KJ AF Tanskul, P Linthicum, KJ TI Redescription of Leptotrombidium (Leptotrombidium) imphalum (Acari : Trombiculidae), with observations on bionomics and medical importance in northern Thailand SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Leptotrombidium; Orientia tsutsugamushi; Rickettsia; scrub typhus; chiggers; ecology AB Leptotrombidium (Leptotrombidium) imphalum Vercammen-Grandjean & Langston is redescribed and illustrated. Specimens were collected from the rodents Rattus rattus, Rattus losea, and Bandicota indica in Chiangrai Province, northern Thailand. The species was found on hosts collected on dikes at the margins of lice fields and in adjacent fruit plantations and along irrigation canals, especially in areas covered with the grasses Imperata cylindrica (lalang grass) and Saccharum arudinaceum. The etiological agent of scrub typhus, Orientia (formerly Rickettsia) tsutsugamushi has been isolated from L. (L.) imphalum, rodent hosts, and patients who live and work in the same habitats. C1 USA, Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Entomol, Med Component, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. RP Linthicum, KJ (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Prevent Med DOD GEIS, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 8 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 36 IS 1 BP 88 EP 91 PG 4 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 157WT UT WOS:000078085200014 PM 10071498 ER PT J AU Tsarev, SA Binn, LN Gomatos, PJ Arthur, RR Monier, MK van Cuyck-Gandre, H Longer, CF Innis, BL AF Tsarev, SA Binn, LN Gomatos, PJ Arthur, RR Monier, MK van Cuyck-Gandre, H Longer, CF Innis, BL TI Phylogenetic analysis of hepatitis E virus isolates from Egypt SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE HEV genome; polymerase chain reaction; neighbor joining method; maximum parsimony; bootstrap ID MOLECULAR-CLONING; GENE STRUCTURE; SEQUENCE; HEV; STRAINS; CHINA; BOOTSTRAP; REGIONS; GENOME; SWINE AB Hepatitis E virus (HEV) genome was detected by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in fecal samples of two sporadic cases of hepatitis E in Cairo Egypt. Sequence of the complete putative structural region [open reading frame (ORF)-2] and complete region of unknown function (ORF-3) was determined for the two HEV isolates. Phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide sequences was performed using neighbor joining or maximum parsimony methods of tree reconstruction. Direct correspondence between the HEV evolutionary trees and geographic origin of the HEV isolates was observed. Three genotypes of HEV were identified: genotype I (Asia-Africa), genotype II (US), and genotype III (Mexico). Genotype I was further divided into two subgenotypes (Asia and Africa). In the Asian subgenotype, three smaller genetic clusters were observed (China-like sequences, Burma-like sequences, and sequence from a fulminant case of HEV). The segregation of all these genetic clusters was supported by the high level of bootstrap probabilities. Four regions of the HEV genome were used for phylogenetic analysis. In all four regions, Egyptian HEV isolates were grouped in a separate African clade. J. Med. Virol. 57:68-74, 1999. Published 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Virus Dis, Washington, DC 20307 USA. US Naval Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. Abbassia Fever Hosp, Cairo, Egypt. Ctr REch Serv Sante Armees, Unite Virol, La Tronche, France. RP Tsarev, SA (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Virus Dis, Bldg 40,Room 2042, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM TSAREVS@WRSMTP-CCMAIL.ARMY NR 25 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0146-6615 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 57 IS 1 BP 68 EP 74 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9071(199901)57:1<68::AID-JMV10>3.0.CO;2-E PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA 142PX UT WOS:000077210200010 PM 9890424 ER PT J AU Brower, CF AF Brower, CF TI Honorable warrior: General Harold K. Johnson and the ethics of command SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 US Military Acad, W Point, NY USA. RP Brower, CF (reprint author), US Military Acad, W Point, NY USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 63 IS 1 BP 225 EP 226 DI 10.2307/120383 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 159UW UT WOS:000078194200055 ER PT J AU Holland, MJ AF Holland, MJ TI The US Army's transition to the all-volunteer force, 1968-1974 SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Holland, MJ (reprint author), US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 63 IS 1 BP 230 EP 231 DI 10.2307/120386 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 159UW UT WOS:000078194200059 ER PT J AU Rudick, RA Cookfair, DL Simonian, NA Ransohoff, RM Richert, JR Jacobs, LD Herndon, RM Salazar, AM Fischer, JS Granger, CV Goodkin, DE Simon, JH Bartoszak, DM Bourdette, DN Braiman, J Brownscheidle, CM Coats, ME Cohan, SL Dougherty, DS Kinkel, RP Mass, MK Munchsauer, FE O'Reilly, K Priore, RL Pullicino, PM Scherokman, BJ Wende, K Weinstock-Guttman, B Whitham, RH AF Rudick, RA Cookfair, DL Simonian, NA Ransohoff, RM Richert, JR Jacobs, LD Herndon, RM Salazar, AM Fischer, JS Granger, CV Goodkin, DE Simon, JH Bartoszak, DM Bourdette, DN Braiman, J Brownscheidle, CM Coats, ME Cohan, SL Dougherty, DS Kinkel, RP Mass, MK Munchsauer, FE O'Reilly, K Priore, RL Pullicino, PM Scherokman, BJ Wende, K Weinstock-Guttman, B Whitham, RH CA Multiple Sclerosis Collaborative Res Grp TI Cerebrospinal fluid abnormalities in a phase III trial of Avonex (R) (IFN beta-1a) for relapsing multiple sclerosis SO JOURNAL OF NEUROIMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE multiple sclerosis; interferon; interferon beta; controlled clinical trials; cerebrospinal fluid; CSF free kappa light chains; oligoclonal bands; CSF IgG index ID IGG SYNTHESIS; NERVOUS-SYSTEM; DIAGNOSIS; CHAINS; MRI AB Background and objective: This report provides results of CSF analyses done in a subset of relapsing remitting MS patients participating in a placebo-controlled, double-blind, phase III clinical trial of IFN beta-Studies supported by the National Multiple Sclerosis Society (grants RG2019, RG2827),a (Avonex(R), Biogen). The clinical trial demonstrated that TFN beta-1a treatment resulted in significantly reduced disability progression, annual relapse rate, and new brain lesions visualized by cranial magnetic resonance imaging. The objectives of the current study were to determine: (a) whether CSF abnormalities in MS patients correlated with disease or MRI characteristics, and (b) effects of IFN beta-1a therapy on these CSF abnormalities. Methods: CSF was analyzed from 262 (87%) of the 301 study subjects at entry into the clinical trial, and a second CSF sample was analyzed from 137 of these 262 subjects after 2 years of therapy. CSF cell counts, oligoclonal bands (OCB), Ige index, and free kappa light chains were measured using standard assays. Baseline CSF results were compared with demographic, disease, and MRI parameters. Differences in on-study relapse tate, gadolinium enhancement, and EDSS change according to baseline CSF status was used to determine the predictive value of CSF for subsequent clinical and MRT disease activity. Change in CSF parameters after 104 weeks were used to determine the effects of treatment. Results: (1) At study baseline, 37% of the subjects had abnormal CSF WBC counts, 61% had abnormal levels of CSF free kappa light chains, 84% had abnormal IgG index values, and 90% were positive for OCB. (2) Baseline IgG index, kappa light chains, and OCB showed weakly positive, statistically significant correlations with Gd-enhanced lesion volume and T2, lesion volume. WBC showed a statistically significant correlation with Gd-enhancing lesion volume but was uncorrelated with T2 lesion volume. (3) There was an associated between baseline CSF WBC counts and on-study clinical and MRT disease activity in placebo recipients. (4) IFN beta-1a treatment resulted in significantly reduced CSF WBC counts, but there was no treatment-related change in CSF IgG index, kappa light chains, or OCB, which remained relatively stable over time in both patient groups. Conclusions: The current study documents significant reductions in CSF WBC counts in patients treated with IFN beta-1a for 104 weeks. This finding is considered relevant to the therapeutic response, since CSF WBC counts were found to be positively correlated with subsequent clinical and MRI disease activity in placebo-treated relapsing MS patients. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Cleveland Clin Fdn, Dept Neurol, Mellen Ctr Multiple Sclerosis Treatment & Res, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY USA. Biogen, Cambridge, MA USA. Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Good Samaritan Hosp, Portland, OR 97209 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Denver, CO USA. Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Portland, OR 97201 USA. Kaiser Permanente Med Ctr, Springfield, VA USA. RP Rudick, RA (reprint author), Cleveland Clin Fdn, Dept Neurol, Mellen Ctr Multiple Sclerosis Treatment & Res, Area U-100, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. EM rudickr@cesmpt.ccf.org FU NINDS NIH HHS [NS26321] NR 23 TC 67 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-5728 J9 J NEUROIMMUNOL JI J. Neuroimmunol. PD JAN 1 PY 1999 VL 93 IS 1-2 BP 8 EP 14 DI 10.1016/S0165-5728(98)00174-X PG 7 WC Immunology; Neurosciences SC Immunology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 160TM UT WOS:000078247200002 PM 10378864 ER PT J AU Ender, MG Segal, MW Stanley, SC AF Ender, MG Segal, MW Stanley, SC TI Role conformity and creativity: Soldiers as administrators and caregivers after loss SO JOURNAL OF PERSONAL & INTERPERSONAL LOSS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1991 Annual Meeting of the Southern-Sociological-Society CY MAY, 1991 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP So Sociol Soc ID MILITARY; DEATH AB Previous studies of loss in a military social context have focused on organizational and military unit responses to death and serious injury and bereavement among family members. Integrating structuralist and symbolic interactionist approaches, this study describes the demanding occupational role of army casualty assistance officers (CAOs). This unique military position has the concomitant obligations of administrator and caregiver to surviving family members following death, missing, or captured stabs of U.S. soldiers in both peace and wartime. The research design involved a qualitative content analysis of the role requirements described in CAO handbooks and responses to an open-ended questionnaire (N = 188) by CAOs who served the families of U.S. Army soldiers killed in three unrelated air disasters in Gander, Newfoundland; Lockerbie; Scotland, and Arizona, U.S.A., between 1985 and 1990. CAOs are generally preoccupied with instrumental demands associated with their role. The role transcends lire institutional boundaries of the military organization and the family and substantively bridges and integrates the concepts of role laking and role making. Implications and interventions for CAOs and other bereavement workers are discussed. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Behav Sci & Leadership, W Point, NY 10996 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Sociol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Towson State Univ, Dept Sociol & Anthropol, Towson, MD USA. RP Ender, MG (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Behav Sci & Leadership, W Point, NY 10996 USA. EM morton-ender@usma.cdu NR 61 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1081-1443 J9 J PERS INTERPERS LOS JI J. Pers. Interpers. Loss PD JAN-MAR PY 1999 VL 4 IS 1 BP 1 EP 23 DI 10.1080/10811449908409714 PG 23 WC Psychology, Social SC Psychology GA 157ML UT WOS:000078066200001 ER PT J AU Blanas, AM Kontou, E Spathis, G AF Blanas, AM Kontou, E Spathis, G TI A mechanical model for the prediction of the elastic properties of polymeric resins reinforced with liquid crystal polymers SO JOURNAL OF REINFORCED PLASTICS AND COMPOSITES LA English DT Article DE short fiber composites; liquid crystalline polymers; micromechanics; finite element analysis; effective properties ID EXTRUDED BLENDS; POLYPROPYLENE; BEHAVIOR AB The mechanical behavior of semicrystalline polymeric resins reinforced with short fiber liquid crystal polymers (LCP) under mechanical loading has been investigated. A micromechanical approach is considered and a representative unit cell model is developed and employed in conjunction with the finite element method of analysis to predict the effective elastic properties of the composite. The advantage of such an approach is that it could contain an improved reference to the microstructural elements by including their geometric description and their non-isotropic behavior. In the present work, the composite is assumed to be macroscopically homogeneous and linearly elastic with periodic fiber distribution array. The finite element method was used in the solution of the micromechanical boundary value problem. Three-dimensional models of the representative unit cell were generated. Models with varying short fiber geometry and volume fractions were developed and a number of boundary conditions and loading cases were used in the analysis. Displacement and stress fields in the composite are obtained and used in the calculation of the effective composite properties. Polypropylene composites reinforced with short fiber Vectra LCP in various volume fractions were fabricated. Tensile experiments were performed. The model predicted effective properties are in good agreement with micromechanical equations values and experimental results. C1 Natl Tech Univ Athens, Dept Engn Sci, GR-15773 Athens, Greece. USA, Natick Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Natick, MA USA. RP Blanas, AM (reprint author), Natl Tech Univ Athens, Dept Engn Sci, GR-15773 Athens, Greece. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU TECHNOMIC PUBL CO INC PI LANCASTER PA 851 NEW HOLLAND AVE, BOX 3535, LANCASTER, PA 17604 USA SN 0731-6844 J9 J REINF PLAST COMP JI J. Reinf. Plast. Compos. PY 1999 VL 18 IS 5 BP 390 EP 412 PG 23 WC Materials Science, Composites; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 195GJ UT WOS:000080242000001 ER PT J AU Ballata, WO Walsh, SM Advani, S AF Ballata, WO Walsh, SM Advani, S TI Determination of the transverse permeability of a fiber preform SO JOURNAL OF REINFORCED PLASTICS AND COMPOSITES LA English DT Article ID MOLD-FILLING PROCESS; FIBROUS MEDIA; FLOW; MODEL; BOUNDARY AB This paper addresses the flow properties of Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) with primary emphasis on transverse (z-direction) permeability. In the case of RTM, the permeability [K] matrix of the fabric preform is the quantity that governs the accuracy of any numerical flow simulation. Characterization of the in-plane permeabilities (K-xx, K-yy) is done by simple radial flow experiments. However, the transverse permeability is difficult to measure accurately due to the inability to visualize the flow pattern through the thickness. Also, one dimensional flow experiments, which are ideal, encounter significant race-tracking along the edges that inhibits proper monitoring of the true transverse flow. The need for accurate transverse permeabilities stems from use of three dimensional flow simulations to model the manufacture of thick section composite components fabricated by the vacuum assisted resin transfer molding genre of composite processes. The objective for this work is to develop an improved methodology to determine the transverse permeability of a fabric preform. This will include formation of the experimental apparatus, configuration of visualization tools, analytical solution for that geometry, creation of a numerical model, permeability predictions given flow front location with time, and finally plotting the series of permeabilities as a function of the percentage of fill. The experimental apparatus is based on a vacuum driven operation to simulate the process desired. A modified version of "SMARTweave," which is the enabling technology for insitu flow monitoring, is used for visualization of the fluid phase. Preliminary experimental data is reported and transverse permeabilities are calculated for several preforms. A comparison of the data to established methods is shown. C1 Univ Delaware, Dept Mech Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Washington, DC USA. RP Advani, S (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Mech Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. NR 23 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 6 PU TECHNOMIC PUBL CO INC PI LANCASTER PA 851 NEW HOLLAND AVE, BOX 3535, LANCASTER, PA 17604 USA SN 0731-6844 J9 J REINF PLAST COMP JI J. Reinf. Plast. Compos. PY 1999 VL 18 IS 16 BP 1450 EP 1464 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Composites; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 257NT UT WOS:000083788700001 ER EF