FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Bavari, S Ulrich, RG LeClaire, RD AF Bavari, S Ulrich, RG LeClaire, RD TI Cross-reactive antibodies prevent the lethal effects of Staphylococcus aureus superantigens SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ENTEROTOXIN-A; T-CELLS; CLASS-II; IN-VIVO; BINDING; INDUCTION; VACCINES AB The exotoxins produced by Staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcal enterotoxins (SE) A-E and toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST)-1, which are associated with serious diseases, including food poisoning and toxic shock syndrome, are termed superantigens (SAgs), To examine whether common antigenic epitopes were present and whether vaccination with 1 bacterial SAg could protect against challenge with a different SE or TSST-1, mice were vaccinated with SEA, SEE, SEC1, or TSST-1 individually or in combination. Mice injected with a single toxin developed high antibody titers against other SAgs, Marked improvement in survival was observed when immunized mice were challenged with a heterologous toxin, Mice vaccinated with a mixture of toxins were fully protected against 1 or multiple toxin challenges, indicating no interference effects of multivalent vaccinations, More importantly, higher titers were found against each SAg with the multivalent vaccination than with injection with a single SAg, Thus, immunizations with 1 SAg can induce cross-protective antibodies to heterologous SAgs, and multicomponent vaccination can enhance antibody responses against each bacterial SAg. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Dept Biochem & Cell Biol, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Bavari, S (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Dept Biochem & Cell Biol, 1425 Porter St, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. EM sina.bavari@amedd.army.mil NR 11 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1537-6613 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 180 IS 4 BP 1365 EP 1369 DI 10.1086/314977 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 243WB UT WOS:000083019500060 PM 10479174 ER PT J AU Nilsson, IM Verdrengh, M Ulrich, RG Bavari, S Tarkowski, A AF Nilsson, IM Verdrengh, M Ulrich, RG Bavari, S Tarkowski, A TI Protection against Staphylococcus aureus sepsis by vaccination with recombinant staphylococcal enterotoxin A devoid of superantigenicity SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN T-CELLS; ARTHRITIS; MORTALITY; INDUCTION; VACCINES; MICE; BETA AB Staphylococcal exotoxins are virulence determinants in Staphylococcus aureus arthritis and septicemia. To assess the utility of enterotoxins as vaccine candidates for these diseases, a genetically modified staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) that lacks superantigenic properties was used. Mice immunized with recombinant (r) SEA had significantly longer survival than control immunized mice and lost significantly less weight than the controls, Transfer of SEA-specific antibodies to naive mice resulted in good protection against death in staphylococcal sepsis, In vitro proliferative responses to SEA by naive lymphocytes were almost totally abolished on incubation with serum from rSEA but not with control antigen-immunized mice. These results suggest that immunization with rSEA devoid of superantigenic properties provides good protection against S. aureus sepsis, In addition, the data indicate that the protection is at least in part mediated by SEA neutralizing antibodies. C1 Gothenburg Univ, Dept Rheumatol, S-41346 Gothenburg, Sweden. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Lab Mol Immunol, Frederick, MD USA. RP Nilsson, IM (reprint author), Gothenburg Univ, Dept Rheumatol, Guldhedsgatan 10, S-41346 Gothenburg, Sweden. NR 14 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 180 IS 4 BP 1370 EP 1373 DI 10.1086/315023 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 243WB UT WOS:000083019500061 PM 10479175 ER PT J AU Sliney, D AF Sliney, D TI Low level laser therapy wound treatment update SO JOURNAL OF LASER APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article AB Dr. David H. Sliney participated in the Laser Therapy Session of the meeting, held in the Pallazzo Le Stelline, Milan, Italy on Friday-Sunday, 18-20 June 1999. At the conclusion of his Report Dr. Sliney notes: "Attendance at this meeting was quite interesting. Remarkable benefits continue to be claimed for laser, and even incoherent, light for treating wounds. Despite the fact that those who employ these techniques are impressed with their results, a sound understanding of the underlying photobiological mechanisms of LLLT remain elusive. Highly convincing, objective studies of clinical efficacy which meet all of the demands of the skeptics are required." (C) 1999 Laser Institute of America. [S1042-346X(99)00905-5]. C1 USA, CHPPM, Opt Radiat Program, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Sliney, D (reprint author), USA, CHPPM, Opt Radiat Program, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1042-346X J9 J LASER APPL JI J. Laser Appl. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 11 IS 5 BP 221 EP 224 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA 243XD UT WOS:000083022000005 PM 10623342 ER PT J AU Marshall, WJ AF Marshall, WJ TI Update of national standard for the safe use of lasers outdoors SO JOURNAL OF LASER APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE laser safety; dazzle; glare; flashblindness; laser light show; laser product performance; retinal lesions; airspace; pilots AB Lasers are frequently used in an outdoor setting. Guidance is provided in this new draft American National Standard for this use. Unlike lasers used indoors, the user does not have complete control of the space encompassing the entire laser beam since light beams continue until they are stopped by an opaque object. The draft standard discusses proper coordination with local and Federal authorities so that lasers can be used outdoors in a safe manner. The development of the standard was prompted to satisfy both the need by the Department of Defense for a consensus standard, and the need to resolve safety conflicts between the laser light show industry and pilots who would occasionally fly through a demonstration laser beam. The standard has been under development for the past 4 years and publication may be as soon as this year. (C) 1999 Laser Institute of America. [S1042-346X(99)00705-6]. C1 USA, Ctr hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Laser Opt Radiat Program, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Marshall, WJ (reprint author), USA, Ctr hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Laser Opt Radiat Program, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1042-346X J9 J LASER APPL JI J. Laser Appl. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 11 IS 5 BP 234 EP 236 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA 243XD UT WOS:000083022000008 ER PT J AU Crane, CC AF Crane, CC TI Raiding the beggar's pantry: The search for airpower strategy in the Korean War SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Article C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Crane, CC (reprint author), US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 44 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 63 IS 4 BP 885 EP 920 DI 10.2307/120555 PG 36 WC History SC History GA 240HA UT WOS:000082818800004 ER PT J AU Kingseed, CC AF Kingseed, CC TI Forging the sword: Selecting, educating, and training cadets and junior officers in the modern world SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Kingseed, CC (reprint author), US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 63 IS 4 BP 1054 EP 1055 DI 10.2307/120637 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 240HA UT WOS:000082818800089 ER PT J AU Petersen, EJ Irish, SM Lyons, CL Miklaski, SF Bryan, JM Henderson, NE Masullo, LN AF Petersen, EJ Irish, SM Lyons, CL Miklaski, SF Bryan, JM Henderson, NE Masullo, LN TI Reliability of water volumetry and the figure of eight method on subjects with ankle joint swelling SO JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC & SPORTS PHYSICAL THERAPY LA English DT Article DE ankle swelling; measurement reliability ID INTERMITTENT PNEUMATIC COMPRESSION; GEL PACK APPLICATION; EDEMA AB Study Design: Single-group repeated measures with 2 raters. Objectives: To determine the interrater and intrarater reliability of water volumetry and the figure of eight method on subjects with ankle joint swelling. Background: Measurements of ankle swelling are commonly performed to determine the nature and stage of injury and to monitor progress made during rehabilitation. Water volumetry and the figure of eight method are 2 techniques used to measure ankle swelling. Methods and Measures: Twenty-nine subjects with ankle swelling were measured by 2 raters with the hypothesis that both measurement techniques would be reliable. Each rater performed 3 measurements of the swollen ankle using both measurement techniques during a single test session. The order of the rater and of the measurement technique was randomized, and the raters were blinded to each other's measurements. Results: We found high interrater reliability for both the water volumetry (ICC [intraclass correlation coefficient] = 0.99) and figure of eight methods (ICC = 0.98). Additionally, intrarater reliability was high for both raters using both methods (ICCs = 0.98-0.99). Conclusions: Both methods are reliable measures of ankle swelling. The authors recommend the figure of eight method because of its ease of use, time efficiency, and cost effectiveness. However, water volumetry may be more appropriate when measuring diffuse lower-extremity swelling. Reliability of these 2 methods was established using subjects with foot or ankle pathology. Therefore, the results are applicable and generalizable to the clinical setting. C1 USA Baylor Univ Grad Program Phys Therapy, AMEDDC&S, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Winn Army Community Hosp, Ft Stewart, GA USA. Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Ft Gordon, GA USA. 96th Med Grp, Eglin AFB, FL USA. 12th Med Grp, Randolph AFB, TX USA. Madigan Army Med Ctr, Ft Lewis, WA, Australia. RP Bryan, JM (reprint author), USA Baylor Univ Grad Program Phys Therapy, AMEDDC&S, 3115 Scott Rd, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 25 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 2 PU J O S P T, ALLIANCE GROUP COMMUNICATIONS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0190-6011 J9 J ORTHOP SPORT PHYS JI J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 29 IS 10 BP 609 EP 615 PG 7 WC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences GA 249VK UT WOS:000083353800008 PM 10560070 ER PT J AU Tortella, FC Britton, P Williams, A Lu, XCM Newman, AH AF Tortella, FC Britton, P Williams, A Lu, XCM Newman, AH TI Neuroprotection (focal ischemia) and neurotoxicity (electroencephalographic) studies in rats with AHN649, a 3-amino analog of dextromethorphan and low-affinity N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Article ID CEREBRAL-ARTERY OCCLUSION; BLOOD-BRAIN-BARRIER; RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; NMDA RECEPTOR; MEDIATED NEUROPROTECTION; GLYCINE SITE; REPERFUSION; INJURY; MK-801; DRUGS AB AHN649, an analog of dextromethorphan (DM) and a relatively selective low-affinity N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist, was evaluated for neuroprotective effects using the rat intraluminal filament model of temporary middle cerebral artery occlusion. Rats were subjected to 2 h of focal ischemia followed by 72 h of reperfusion. In vehicle-treated rats, middle cerebral artery occlusion resulted in neurological deficits and severe infarction measuring 232 +/- 25 mm(3), representing approximately 25% contralateral hemispheric infarction. Post-treatment with AHN649 (0.156-20 mg/kg i.v.) or DM (0.156-10 mg/kg i.v.) significantly reduced cortical infarct volume by 40 to 60% compared with vehicle-control treatments. AHN649 neuroprotection was linear and dose dependent (ED50 = 0.80 mg/kg), whereas DM neuroprotection (ED50 = 1.25 mg/kg) was nonlinear and less effective at the higher doses (2.5-10 mg/kg). Although impaired neurological function scores improved in all groups by 24 to 72 h, the most dramatic improvement was associated with AHN649 treatments. In a rat electroencephalographic model of brain function, separate neurotoxicity experiments revealed that acute i.v. doses of DM caused seizures (ED50 = 19 mg/kg) and death (LD50 = 27 mg/kg). In contrast, AHN649 failed to induce seizure activity at doses up to 100 mg/kg (LD50 = 79 mg/kg). Collectively, AHN649 is described as a potent, efficacious neuroprotective agent devoid of serious central nervous system neurotoxicity and possessing potential therapeutic value as antistroke treatment. Furthermore, the feasibility of targeting low-affinity N-methyl-D-aspartate-site ligands as postinjury therapy for ischemic brain injury has been confirmed. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Neuropharmacol & Mol Biol, Div Neurosci, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NIDA, Addict Res Ctr, Drug Dev Grp, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. RP Tortella, FC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Neuropharmacol & Mol Biol, Div Neurosci, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 42 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PHARMACOLOGY EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0022-3565 J9 J PHARMACOL EXP THER JI J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 291 IS 1 BP 399 EP 408 PG 10 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 238QK UT WOS:000082721100052 PM 10490930 ER PT J AU Chu, D Jiang, RZ AF Chu, D Jiang, RZ TI Performance of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stacks Part I. Evaluation and simulation of an air-breathing PEMFC stack SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE fuel cell; PEMFC; fuel cell stack; PEMFC stack; portable power source; electrode kinetics AB The performance of an ah-breathing polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stack was evaluated under different environmental conditions. The humidity of the surrounding air significantly affected the performance of the stack. When the humidity was less than 10% RH at 35 degrees C, the stack lost almost 95% power. Acceptable operating temperature for the stack would be from 20 to 40 degrees C for > 36% RN. An empirical equation was proposed to analyze the performance of the PEMFC stack instead of only for a single cell. The results calculated with the empirical equation are: excellently fitted to the experimental polarization curves at various humidity and temperatures. The impedance and Tafel slope of the stack both increase with decreasing either the environmental humidity or temperature. Published by Elsevier Science S.A. C1 USA, Res Lab, Sensor & Elect Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Chu, D (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Sensor & Elect Devices Directorate, Mail Stop ARSRL-SE-DC, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 13 TC 105 Z9 110 U1 4 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD OCT PY 1999 VL 83 IS 1-2 BP 128 EP 133 DI 10.1016/S0378-7753(99)00285-2 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 254XX UT WOS:000083640500018 ER PT J AU Evans, MD AF Evans, MD TI Engineeering education - Prepare for success SO JOURNAL OF PROFESSIONAL ISSUES IN ENGINEERING EDUCATION AND PRACTICE LA English DT Letter C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Civil Engn, W Point, NY 10966 USA. RP Evans, MD (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Civil Engn, W Point, NY 10966 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA SN 1052-3928 J9 J PROF ISS ENG ED PR JI J. Prof. Issues Eng. Educ. Pract. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 125 IS 4 BP 123 EP 123 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)1052-3928(1999)125:4(123) PG 1 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA 237ZZ UT WOS:000082687600001 ER PT J AU Lewis, PC Harrell, JS Deng, SB Bradley, C AF Lewis, PC Harrell, JS Deng, SB Bradley, C TI Smokeless tobacco use in adolescents: The Cardiovascular Health in Children (CHIC II) study SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; UNITED-STATES; SELF-ESTEEM; SMOKING; YOUTH; PREDICTORS; CIGARETTES; BEHAVIORS AB Smokeless tobacco has seen a resurgence of popularity among adolescents despite its association with oral cancel and altered cardiovascular function. This study examined age, gender, ethnicity self-esteem physical activity, parental smoking, and socioeconomic status as predictors of smokeless tobacco use among middle school children. Subjects included 1,211 youth (White (64%), Black (24%), Hispanic (6%), and Other (6%); age 12.2) participating in the Cardiovascular Health in Children and Youth (CHIC II) study. All data were collected by questionnaire. Factors related to ever using smokeless tobacco included older age (p < .001), being male (p < .001) lower self-esteem (p < .001), and having parents who currently (p = .02) or formerly (p = .05) smoked. Hispanics reported a higher current usage rate than other ethnic groups (p < .001). White youth in the lowest socioeconomic status were must likely to he experimental users (p = .007)., while those in the high socioeconomic status were more likely to be current users (p = .006). Physical activity was not associated with smokeless tobacco use. C1 USA, Nurse Corp, Brooke Army Med Ctr, Adult Practice Network Clin, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Nursing, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Lewis, PC (reprint author), USA, Nurse Corp, Brooke Army Med Ctr, Adult Practice Network Clin, 3851 Rogerbrook Dr,MCHE DN, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. FU NINR NIH HHS [NR01837] NR 29 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SCHOOL HEALTH ASSOC PI KENT PA PO BOX 708, KENT, OH 44240 USA SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD OCT PY 1999 VL 69 IS 8 BP 320 EP 325 PG 6 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 245RU UT WOS:000083122600008 PM 10544365 ER PT J AU Knapik, J Reynolds, K AF Knapik, J Reynolds, K TI Influence of an antiperspirant on foot blister incidence during cross-country hiking - Reply SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 Army Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Knapik, J (reprint author), Army Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0190-9622 J9 J AM ACAD DERMATOL JI J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 41 IS 4 BP 655 EP 656 DI 10.1016/S0190-9622(99)80073-5 PG 2 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 241VA UT WOS:000082903300027 ER PT J AU Cvitkovich, MK Jackson, WC AF Cvitkovich, MK Jackson, WC TI Compressive failure mechanisms in composite sandwich structures SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HELICOPTER SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT American-Helicopter-Society 54th Annual Forum CY MAY 22-24, 1998 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Amer Helicopter Soc AB The objective of this work was to investigate the compressive failure response of composite sandwich structures of four different configurations designed to produce different failure modes. Specimens were tested with no damage, with 0.25-inch-diameter open holes, and with three levels of impact damage. The facesheets consisted of two, three, or four layers of carbon/epoxy plain-weave fabric. Nomex and aluminum honeycomb were used as core materials, Strain gages were used to monitor the in-plane strain distribution around the damaged area. Out of-plane displacements were recorded using shadow moire interferometry to monitor initial signs of facesheet instability. After compression testing, representative specimens were sectioned to document the internal damage. The influence of damage state was documented for each specimen configuration. For Nomex-core specimens, the effects of facesheet thickness on strength and strains were investigated. The effect of core material was studied for the four-layer facesheet specimens. Strain distributions around the damage and the load carried by the damaged region were examined as a function of applied stress level. Depending on core material and damage type, different responses were identified. Two distinct compressive failure mechanisms, inward and outward buckling of the impacted facesheet, were identified that were functions of facesheet thickness and damage type, The experimental observations of these failure mechanisms were related to current damage tolerance analysis methodologies. Wrinkling analysis appeared to model the correct undamaged failure mechanisms but needs to be improved to more accurately predict the influence of facesheet thickness and core materials on strength. For open holes, the point stress/strain and average stress/strain criteria may not be appropriate as they are not sensitive to facesheet thickness or core stiffness. Modeling impact damage as an initial facesheet indentation on a damaged core appeared to be a suitable analysis for the inward-type buckling failure mechanism. C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Div Mat,Mech Mat Branch, USA,REs Lab,Vehicle Technol Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. RP Cvitkovich, MK (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Div Mat,Mech Mat Branch, USA,REs Lab,Vehicle Technol Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. NR 7 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER HELICOPTER SOC INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 217 N WASHINGTON ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0002-8711 J9 J AM HELICOPTER SOC JI J. Am. Helicopter Soc. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 44 IS 4 BP 260 EP 268 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 254GZ UT WOS:000083604700001 ER PT J AU Wang, KM Yang, DZ Danai, K Lewicki, DG AF Wang, KM Yang, DZ Danai, K Lewicki, DG TI Model-based selection of accelerometer locations for helicopter gearbox monitoring SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HELICOPTER SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CONNECTIONIST NETWORK; FAULT-DIAGNOSIS; BOXES AB A novel method is introduced to quantify, based on the structure of the gearbox, the monitoring effectiveness of accelerometer locations on the housing. In this method, monitoring effectiveness of sets of accelerometer locations is defined in terms of two indices: the coverage index and the overlap index. The coverage index is obtained from an influence matrix defining the level of effect of component faults on accelerometer readings. The overlap index denotes the level of overlap between pairs of accelerometers in coverage of components. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified experimentally based on measurement-fault data obtained from an OH-58A main rotor gearbox. The estimated rankings of various sets of accelerometer locations based on the estimated values of their monitoring effectiveness agree closely with those obtained empirically. C1 NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, USA, Res Lab,Vehicle Technol Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Danai, K (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, USA, Res Lab,Vehicle Technol Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HELICOPTER SOC INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 217 N WASHINGTON ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0002-8711 J9 J AM HELICOPTER SOC JI J. Am. Helicopter Soc. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 44 IS 4 BP 269 EP 275 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 254GZ UT WOS:000083604700002 ER PT J AU Lyle, KH Burley, CL Prichard, DS AF Lyle, KH Burley, CL Prichard, DS TI A comparison of measured and predicted XV-15 tiltrotor surface acoustic pressures SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HELICOPTER SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT American-Helicopter-Society-Technical-Specialists Meeting for Rotorcraft Acoustics and Aerodynamics CY OCT 28-30, 1997 CL WILLIAMSBURG, VIRGINIA SP Amer Helicopter Soc, Tech Specialists AB Predicted XV-15 exterior surface acoustic pressures are compared with previously published experimental data, Surface acoustic pressure transducers were concentrated near the tip-path-plane of the rotor in airplane mode. The comparison emphasized cruise conditions which are of interest for tiltrotor interior noise-level flight for speeds ranging from 72 m/s to 113 m/s, The predictions were produced by components of the NASA Langley Tiltrotor Aeroacoustic Code (TRAC) system of computer codes, Comparisons between measurements and predictions were made in both the time and frequency domains, as well as overall sound pressure levels, In general, the predictions replicated the measured data well, Discrepancies between measurements and predictions were noted. Some of the discrepancies were due to poor correlation of the measured data with the rotor tach signal. In other cases limitations of the predictive methodology have been indicated. C1 USA, Vehicle Technol Ctr, Hampton, VA USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. Lockheed Martin Engn & Sci Corp, Hampton, VA USA. RP Lyle, KH (reprint author), USA, Vehicle Technol Ctr, Hampton, VA USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HELICOPTER SOC INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 217 N WASHINGTON ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0002-8711 J9 J AM HELICOPTER SOC JI J. Am. Helicopter Soc. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 44 IS 4 BP 285 EP 292 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 254GZ UT WOS:000083604700004 ER PT J AU Hickey, JT Diaz, GE AF Hickey, JT Diaz, GE TI From flow to fish to dollars: An integrated approach to water allocation SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE water management; aquatic ecosystems; SALMOD; AQUARIUS; habitat time series analysis; recreational economics; contingent valuation method; instream flow; Cache La Poudre River; brown trout; rainbow trout ID INSTREAM FLOW; PHYSICAL HABITAT; METHODOLOGY; TEMPERATURE; POPULATION; MODEL AB This paper details a case study of economic and natural system responses to alternative water management policies in the Cache La Poudre River basin, Colorado, 1980-1994. The case study is presented to highlight the value and application of a conceptual integration of economic, salmonid population, physical habitat, and water allocation models. Five alternative regimes, all intended to increase low winter flows, were investigated. Habitat enhancements created by alternative regimes were translated to population responses and economic benefits. Analysis concluded that instream flows cannot compete on the northern Colorado water rental market; cooperative agreements offer an economically feasible way to enhance instream flows; and establishing an instream flow program on the Cache La Poudre River mainstem is a potentially profitable opportunity. The alliance of models is a dynamic multidisciplinary tool for use in professional settings and offers valuable insight for decision-making processes involved in water management. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Civil Design Branch, Water Management Sect, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Hickey, JT (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Civil Design Branch, Water Management Sect, Sacramento Dist,1325 J St, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. NR 33 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI HERNDON PA 950 HERNDON PARKWAY SUITE 300, HERNDON, VA 20170-5531 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 35 IS 5 BP 1053 EP 1067 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.1999.tb04193.x PG 15 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 247MQ UT WOS:000083224900005 ER PT J AU Vorontsov, MA AF Vorontsov, MA TI High-resolution adaptive phase distortion compensation using a diffractive-feedback system: experimental results SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-CRYSTAL TELEVISION; SUPPRESSION; LOOP AB An adaptive system having 70,400 wave-front control channels has been experimentally analyzed. Wave-front control is based on the diffractive-feedback principle and requires neither a reference wave nor direct wave-front measurements. The key system elements are a liquid-crystal television used as a phase modulator, a CCD camera. and an optoelectronic feedback loop. Experiments demonstrated efficient suppression of wave-front distortions belonging to a bandpass spectral domain. Results demonstrate the system's potential as a secondary high-resolution adaptive feedback system for adaptive optics applications. (C) 1999 Optical Society of America [S0740-3232(99)01510-0]. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRLISC, Informat Sci & Technol Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Vorontsov, MA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRLISC, Informat Sci & Technol Directorate, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 21 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3232 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 16 IS 10 BP 2567 EP 2573 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.16.002567 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 240QL UT WOS:000082836600030 ER PT J AU Stephens, KE Fichtner, KA AF Stephens, KE Fichtner, KA TI Pericardioscopy in the management of suspected hemopericardium SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article ID TRAUMA; WOUNDS C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Cardiothorac Surg, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Stephens, KE (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Cardiothorac Surg, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1079-6061 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD OCT PY 1999 VL 47 IS 4 BP 793 EP 795 DI 10.1097/00005373-199910000-00034 PG 3 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 247FE UT WOS:000083209800037 PM 10528623 ER PT J AU Duda, JJ Krzysik, AJ Freilich, JE AF Duda, JJ Krzysik, AJ Freilich, JE TI Effects of drought on desert tortoise movement and activity SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE burrows; climate; desert tortoise; drought; Gopherus agassizii; home range; Mojave Desert; movement and activity patterns; radiotelemetry ID GOPHERUS-AGASSIZII; HOME RANGE; POPULATION AB We monitored movement and activity patterns of 38 desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii) at 2 locations in the southcentral Mojave Desert during 2 consecutive years differing markedly in winter rainfall. During the first year, winter precipitation was 225% greater than the long-term average for this region, whereas a drought the following year resulted in precipitation that was 25% of the long-term average. These winter rains produced 2 distinct patterns of annual plant productivity: a bloom of annuals the first year, followed by their complete absence the second year. As measured by radiotelemetry home range size, the number of different burrows used, average distances traveled per day, and levels of surface versus burrow activity were significantly reduced in both populations during the drought year. The pooled distribution of between-observation distances traveled showed a shift favoring shorter-distance movements during the drought year. Differences in levels of winter precipitation between years and the resulting variation of winter annual biomass in the spring appear to play a significant role in desert tortoise movement and activity patterns. Future manage ment and conservation plans for the desert tortoise should consider weather and productivity as important factors influencing annual home range size, number of burrows used, average distances traveled, and activity levels. C1 Wayne State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. USA, Construct Engn Res Lab, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. Joshua Tree Natl Pk, Twentynine Palms, CA 92277 USA. RP Duda, JJ (reprint author), Wayne State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. RI Duda, Jeffrey/A-7132-2009 OI Duda, Jeffrey/0000-0001-7431-8634 NR 42 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 4 U2 18 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 63 IS 4 BP 1181 EP 1192 DI 10.2307/3802836 PG 12 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 249JU UT WOS:000083330600012 ER PT J AU Briand, EJ Ruble, GR Stiteler, J Harris, LD Burge, JR Soranaka, ET Glenn, G Quance-Fitch, F Rowton, ED AF Briand, EJ Ruble, GR Stiteler, J Harris, LD Burge, JR Soranaka, ET Glenn, G Quance-Fitch, F Rowton, ED TI Comparison of adjuvants with leishmania antigens in a guinea pig model to induce delayed-type hypersensitivity responses SO LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LIPOSOMES; IMMUNIZATION AB Background and Purpose: Guinea pigs have been a traditional model for studies of delayed-type hypersensitivity, They are the natural host of Leishmania enriettii and have been experimentally infected with other species of Leishmania. They have been used as a skin-test model to screen potential antigens for use in diagnostic tests for Leishmania. Use of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA), along with whole promastigote Leishmania antigen, was necessary to sensitize guinea pigs to invoke a sufficient cell-mediated immune response. However, use of CFA has come under scrutiny by Animal Care and Use Committees due to the pathologic changes associated with its use. Methods: Thirty-two specific-pathogen-free male Hartley guinea pigs were inoculated with Leishmania antigens alone or mixed with one of three adjuvants (CFA, TiterMax, and liposomes), and were skin tested 2 weeks later. Results: For the Leishmania antigens tested, guinea pigs that received liposomes as an adjuvant had skin-test responses comparable to those of guinea pigs that received CFA, TiterMax was also tested, but cellular responses at antigen test sites were poor. Conclusions: Liposomes can be used in this model as a safe, effective adjuvant. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC USA. RP Briand, EJ (reprint author), CIF, Med Grp 60, SGSEV, 101 Bodin Circle, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. RI Rowton, Edgar/A-4474-2012; Rowton, Edgar/A-1975-2011 OI Rowton, Edgar/0000-0002-1979-1485 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE PI MEMPHIS PA 9190 CRESTWYN HILLS DR, MEMPHIS, TN 38125 USA SN 0023-6764 J9 LAB ANIM SCI JI Lab. Anim. Sci. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 49 IS 5 BP 519 EP 521 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 250NE UT WOS:000083393800009 PM 10551453 ER PT J AU Fritz, DL Waag, DM AF Fritz, DL Waag, DM TI Transdiaphragmatic lymphatic transport of intraperitoneally administered marker in hamsters SO LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PERITONEAL-CAVITY; DIAPHRAGMATIC LYMPHATICS; STOMATA; DRAINAGE; RAT; PARTICLES; SHEEP; MOUSE; MESOTHELIUM; MORPHOLOGY AB Objective: To determine whether transdiaphragmatic transport in hamsters is similar to that described in other animals by examining transport of an intraperitoneally administered marker. Methods: Monastral blue B suspension was administered intraperitoneally to 28 male Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus). Four hamsters each were euthanized 7, 15, and 30 min, and 1, 2, 3, and 24 h later. Specimens were examined microscopically for presence of marker. Results: Marker was present in intrathoracic lymphatic vessels and cranial and caudal mediastinal lymph nodes by 7 min after its administration. The amount of marker in lymph nodes increased with time. The subcapsular distribution of marker was consistent with lymphatic transport. By 1 h after its administration, marker was present in the liver, spleen, bone marrow, and mesenteric and mandibular lymph nodes. Patterns of marker distribution in these tissues were consistent with hematogenous transport, but the amount of marker was considerably less than that in the intrathoracic lymph nodes at corresponding times. Conclusions: Particulates were most likely translocated from the hamster peritoneal cavity to intrathoracic lymph nodes via transdiaphragmatic lymphatic vessels, A portion of the translocated particulates entered the blood, where they were distributed to a variety of tissues within a short time. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Pathol, Ft Detrick, MD USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Bacteriol, Ft Detrick, MD USA. RP Fritz, DL (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Pathol, Ft Detrick, MD USA. NR 57 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE PI MEMPHIS PA 9190 CRESTWYN HILLS DR, MEMPHIS, TN 38125 USA SN 0023-6764 J9 LAB ANIM SCI JI Lab. Anim. Sci. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 49 IS 5 BP 522 EP 529 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 250NE UT WOS:000083393800010 PM 10551454 ER PT J AU Krarup, A Chattopadhyay, P Bhattacharjee, AK Burge, JR Ruble, GR AF Krarup, A Chattopadhyay, P Bhattacharjee, AK Burge, JR Ruble, GR TI Evaluation of surrogate markers of impending death in the galactosamine-sensitized murine model of bacterial endotoxemia SO LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BODY-TEMPERATURE; MICE; HYPOTHERMIA; TELEMETRY; MORTALITY; INFECTION; ANIMALS; SYSTEM; MOUSE; RATS AB Background and Purpose: When evaluating vaccines for efficacy against gram-negative endotoxemia, the challenge has historically required death of a large percentage of test subjects. We attempted to identify surrogate markers of impending death to allow for early euthanasia without interfering with experimental data collection. Methods: Galactosamine- sensitized mice (n = 140) were inoculated intraperitoneally with various dosages of endotoxin, and development of clinical signs of disease-body temperature, body weight, hunched posture, ruffled coat, inability to ambulate, and loss of consciousness-was evaluated. Results: Wide fluctuations in body temperature (+/- 4 degrees C) were observed in survivors and nonsurvivors, Posture, coat, and body weight were not accurate predictors of death. Only inability to ambulate, with a positive predictive value of 100% (11 of 11), accurately predicted death in the experimental mice of this study. Conclusion: Using this surrogate marker, loss of ability to ambulate, 11 of 13 mice that developed this sign could have been euthanized early, preventing anywhere from 2 to 22 h of potential distress prior to death. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Vet Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Krarup, A (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Vet Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 28 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE PI MEMPHIS PA 9190 CRESTWYN HILLS DR, MEMPHIS, TN 38125 USA SN 0023-6764 J9 LAB ANIM SCI JI Lab. Anim. Sci. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 49 IS 5 BP 545 EP 550 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 250NE UT WOS:000083393800013 PM 10551457 ER PT J AU Deb, KK AF Deb, KK TI Update: a protein microbolometer for focal plane arrays (vol 3, pg 67, 1999) SO MATERIALS RESEARCH INNOVATIONS LA English DT Correction C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Deb, KK (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1432-8917 J9 MATER RES INNOV JI Mater. Res. Innov. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 3 IS 3 BP 181 EP 181 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 254TZ UT WOS:000083629400011 ER PT J AU Bravener, LC AF Bravener, LC TI Quality records - Forever can be a mighty long time SO MEASUREMENTS & CONTROL LA English DT Article AB Tremendous improvements in business quality have resulted from the general acceptance across all industries of the ISO 9000 quality standard. This acceptance is based on the fact that ISO 9000 is comprehensive and influences the entire organization in which it is implemented. The quality standard is strict, yet it is general enough that diverse industries can construct an effective quality program based on the guidelines defined in the standard. C1 USA, Natl Qual Assurance, Acton, MA 01720 USA. RP Bravener, LC (reprint author), USA, Natl Qual Assurance, 4 PO Sq Rd, Acton, MA 01720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEASUREMENTS & DATA CORP PI PITTSBURGH PA 2994 W LIBERTY AVE, PITTSBURGH, PA 15216 USA SN 0148-0057 J9 MEAS CONTROL-US JI Meas. Control PD OCT PY 1999 IS 197 BP 84 EP 85 PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Automation & Control Systems; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 261XJ UT WOS:000084035700005 ER PT J AU O'Brien, C Baker-Fulco, CJ Young, AJ Sawka, MN AF O'Brien, C Baker-Fulco, CJ Young, AJ Sawka, MN TI Bioimpedance assessment of hypohydration SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Article DE bioelectrical impedance analysis; total body water; hydration; plasma volume; electrolyte balance ID TOTAL-BODY WATER; IMPEDANCE; SPECTROSCOPY; VOLUMES; PLASMA; BLOOD AB Purpose: This study examined the utility of bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) for assessing total body water (TBW) changes associated with moderate (6-7% TBW), hypertonic (HH), and isotonic (IH) hypohydration. Methods: The TBW of nine men was measured using BIS (TBWBIS) when euhydrated (EU) and during HH and IH. These measurements were compared with TBW measurements obtained using isotope dilution (deuterium oxide; TBWD2O) during EU, and the estimated TBWD2O during hypohydration calculated from body weight change. Results: Body weight loss was similar (P > 0.05) for HH (3.4 +/- 0.7 kg) and IH (2.9 +/- 0.7 kg). Plasma osmolality was higher (P < 0.05) on HH (292 +/- 4 mOsmol.kg(-1)) than EU (280 +/- 4 mOsmol.kg(-1)) and IH (284 +/- 3 mOsmol.kg(-1)), and higher (P < 0.05) during IH than EU, The measurements reflected a similar decrease (P < 0.05) in TBW during HH (TBWD2O: 45.4 +/- 7.3 L, TBWBIS: 42.2 +/- 5.1 L) and IH (TBWD2O: 45.8 +/- 7.5 L, TBWBIS: 42.0 +/- 4.9 L), compared with EU (TBWD2O: 48.8 +/- 7.5 L, TBWBIS: 44.3 +/- 5.0 L), but TBWD2O was consistently higher (3.9 +/- 4.0 L, P < 0.05) than TBWBIS during all tests. TBWD2O and TBWBIS were correlated (P < 0.05) during EU (r = 0.87), HH (r = 0.84), and IH (r = 0.84). The change in TBW from EU during HH was greater (P < 0.05) for TBWD2O (3.5 +/- 0.8 L) than TBWBIS (2.1 +/- 0.9 L), but during IH the change in TBW reflected by TBWD2O (3.0 +/- 0.6 L) and TBWBIS (2.3 +/- 0.8 L) did not differ. The change in TBWD2O and TBWBIS between EU and hypohydration was correlated for HH (r = 0.77, P < 0.05), but not IH. Conclusion: These findings indicate that BIS is sufficiently sensitive to detect moderate hypohydration; however, the resolution of this technique diminished with isotonic fluid loss. C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Thermal & Mt Med Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP O'Brien, C (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Thermal & Mt Med Div, Kansas St, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 20 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 31 IS 10 BP 1466 EP 1471 DI 10.1097/00005768-199910000-00017 PG 6 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 244MM UT WOS:000083055400017 PM 10527321 ER PT J AU Yang, RQ AF Yang, RQ TI Mid-infrared interband cascade lasers based on type-II heterostructures SO MICROELECTRONICS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE interband cascade lasers; type-II heterostructures; mid-infrared ID ENVELOPE-FUNCTION APPROXIMATION; FINITE-ELEMENT ANALYSIS; LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; LEAKY QUANTUM-WELLS; MU-M; POTENTIAL PROFILES; SEMICONDUCTORS; SUPERLATTICE; DEVICES; PERFORMANCE AB Interband cascade lasers take advantage of the broken-gap band alignment in type-II InAs/Ga(In)Sb heterostructures to reuse electrons for sequential photon emissions from successively connected active regions; thus, they represent a new type of mid-IR light source. The mid-IR interband cascade lasers have recently been demonstrated with large peak optical output powers (similar to 0.5 W/facet), high differential external quantum efficiency (> 200%), and near-room-temperature operation (286 K). Also, emission wavelength from interband cascade light-emitting diodes has been extended to as long as 15 mu m; thus verifying the unique capability of this Sb-family type-II heterostructure system to be tailored over a wide spectral range. In this work, the explorations toward the demonstration and improvement of these interband cascade lasers will be reviewed. The features and issues related to the design and modeling of the interband cascade lasers will also be discussed in connection with device performance. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Yang, RQ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 54 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0026-2692 J9 MICROELECTR J JI Microelectron. J. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 30 IS 10 BP 1043 EP 1056 DI 10.1016/S0026-2692(99)00061-0 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 227BN UT WOS:000082058300011 ER PT J AU Welch, PG Oliver, DK Swanson, SJ Yuan, CL AF Welch, PG Oliver, DK Swanson, SJ Yuan, CL TI The Walter Reed Army Medical Center outpatient infusion service: Lessons for managing health care change at the local level SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB The Military Health Services System is undergoing tremendous changes paralleling those seen in the civilian health care system. Many of the same problems and frustrations are being encountered in the military as it builds TRICARE, one of the largest managed care systems in the country. This paper describes how a team of multidisciplinary subspecialty providers established an Infusion Service for Waiter Reed Army Medical Center to fulfill customer needs brought about by system changes in the medical center. Policy and operations were directed toward addressing patient and provider frustrations, Organ transplantation ward length of stay shortened significantly in association with the establishment of this Infusion Service. Peritoneal Dialysis Clinic staff productivity improved. Organizational factors and values affecting patient outcomes and health system reform are discussed. Lessons learned from this project are identified and presented as suggestions that can be used in planning and executing changes throughout the Military Health Services System. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Nursing, Peritoneal Dialysis & Infus Clin, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Welch, PG (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Nursing, Peritoneal Dialysis & Infus Clin, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 164 IS 10 BP 688 EP 692 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 246GC UT WOS:000083155200005 ER PT J AU Hennessy, BJ Kerns, DG Davies, WG AF Hennessy, BJ Kerns, DG Davies, WG TI The incidence of active duty dental patients taking antihypertensive medications SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID DRUGS; HYPERTENSION AB Hypertension affects 58 million Americans. Dentists frequently encounter patients who are using one or more antihypertensive medications. This study evaluates the incidence of active duty soldiers dispensed antihypertensive medications at a large military installation;lisinopril was the most frequently prescribed antihypertensive medication during a a-month period in 1997 and was followed by hydrochlorothiatide, amlodipine, propranolol, felodipine, verapamil, atenolol, diltiazem, terazosin, clonidine, nifedipine, and metoprolol. These 12 drugs accounted for 93.46% of all antihypertensive medications dispensed. In this study, the percentage of active duty soldiers dispensed any antihypertensive medication was 1.51% (30 different medications were dispensed); 0.16% of all soldiers younger than age 30 and 1.25% of all soldiers older than age 30 were prescribed 1 of the 12 most commonly prescribed antihypertensive agents. Considering the same top-12 antihypertensive agents, the percentage of male soldiers younger than 30 who received a prescription was 0.24% and the percentage of male soldiers older than 30 who received a prescription was 4.3%. The percentage for males older than 40 receiving 1 of the 12 medications listed above was 12.05%, Similarly, the percentages for females were 0.27% for younger than 30, 1.87% for older than 30, and 3.51% for older than 40. Active duty males older than age 30 were more than twice as likely to be prescribed an antihypertensive agent than females in the same age group; Male active duty soldiers older than age 40 were more than 50 times more likely to be prescribed an antihypertensive agent than active duty males younger than 30. C1 USA, Dent Activ, Billy Jonson Dent Clin, Ft Hood, TX 76544 USA. RP Hennessy, BJ (reprint author), USA, Dent Activ, Billy Jonson Dent Clin, Ft Hood, TX 76544 USA. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 164 IS 10 BP 740 EP 745 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 246GC UT WOS:000083155200016 PM 10544631 ER PT J AU Pezzin, LE Dillingham, TR Lauder, TD Andary, M Kumar, S Stephens, RR Shannon, S AF Pezzin, LE Dillingham, TR Lauder, TD Andary, M Kumar, S Stephens, RR Shannon, S TI Cervical radiculopathies: Relationship between symptom duration and spontaneous EMG activity SO MUSCLE & NERVE LA English DT Article DE cervical radiculopathy; electromyography; neck pain; nerve conduction; paraspinal muscles AB The purpose of this multicenter study was to prospectively examine whether denervation in paraspinal muscles (PSM) and in other major proximal and distal muscles is related to symptom duration in cervical radiculopathies (CRs). Information was collected on 93 electrodiagnostically confirmed CRs using standardized history, physical examination, and electromyographic (EMG) screens. Multivariate, maximum-likelihood estimates showed no evidence of correlation between PSM spontaneous activity and symptom duration. Symptom duration was also nonsignificant in eight of the remaining nine upper limb muscles analyzed. We conclude that the probability of spontaneous activity is not related to symptom duration. Clinicians, therefore, should refrain from interpreting electrodiagnostic findings based upon duration of symptoms. (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Emergency Med, Baltimore, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys Med & Rehabil, Baltimore, MD USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys Med & Rehabil, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Madigan Army Med Ctr, Phys Med & Rehabil Serv, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. Womack Army Med Ctr, Phys Med & Rehabil Serv, Ft Bragg, NC USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Phys Med & Rehabil Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Pezzin, LE (reprint author), 10352 Waverly Woods Dr, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0148-639X J9 MUSCLE NERVE JI Muscle Nerve PD OCT PY 1999 VL 22 IS 10 BP 1412 EP 1418 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4598(199910)22:10<1412::AID-MUS11>3.0.CO;2-U PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 241WP UT WOS:000082907100011 PM 10487908 ER PT J AU Graves, GH Lee, CY AF Graves, GH Lee, CY TI Scheduling maintenance and semiresumable jobs on a single machine SO NAVAL RESEARCH LOGISTICS LA English DT Article DE machine scheduling; machine maintenance; dynamic programming ID MINIMIZE FLOW TIMES; AVAILABILITY CONSTRAINT; PARALLEL MACHINES; COMPLETION TIMES; SETUP TIMES; SUM AB The majority of scheduling literature assumes that the machines are available at all times. In this paper, we study single machine scheduling problems where the machine maintenance must be performed within certain intervals and hence the machine is not available during the maintenance periods. We also assume that if a job is not processed to completion before the machine is stopped for maintenance, an additional setup is necessary when the processing is resumed. Our purpose is to schedule the maintenance and jobs to minimize some performance measures. The objective functions that we consider are minimizing the total weighted job completion times and minimizing the maximum lateness. In both cases, maintenance must be performed within a fixed period T, and the time for the maintenance is a decision variable. In this paper, we study two scenarios concerning the planning horizon. First, we show that, when the planning horizon is long in relation to T, the problem with either objective function is NP-complete, and we present pseudopolynomial time dynamic programming algorithms for both objective functions. In the second scenario, the planning horizon is short in relation to T. However, part of the period T may have elapsed before we schedule any jobs in this planning horizon, and the remaining time before the maintenance is shorter than the current planning horizon. Hence we must schedule one maintenance in this planning horizon. We show that the problem of minimizing the total weighted completion times in this scenario is NP-complete, while the shortest processing time (SPT) rule and the earliest due date (EDD) rule are optimal for the total completion time problem and the maximum lateness problem respectively. (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.* Naval Research Logistics 46: 845-863, 1999.The majority of scheduling literature assumes that the machines are available at all times. In this paper, we study single machine scheduling problems where the machine maintenance must be performed within certain intervals and hence the machine is not available during the maintenance periods. We also assume that if a job is not processed to completion before the machine is stopped for maintenance, an additional setup is necessary when the processing is resumed. Our purpose is to schedule the maintenance and jobs to minimize some performance measures. The objective functions that we consider are minimizing the total weighted job completion times and minimizing the maximum lateness. In both cases, maintenance must be performed within a fixed period T, and the time for the maintenance is a decision variable. In this paper, we study two scenarios concerning the planning horizon. First, we show that, when the planning horizon is long in relation to T, the problem with either objective function is NP-complete, and we present pseudopolynomial time dynamic programming algorithms for both objective functions. In the second scenario, the planning horizon is short in relation to T. However, part of the period T may have elapsed before we schedule any jobs in this planning horizon, and the remaining time before the maintenance is shorter than the current planning horizon. Hence we must schedule one maintenance in this planning horizon. We show that the problem of minimizing the total weighted completion times in this scenario is NP-complete, while the shortest processing time (SPT) rule and the earliest due date (EDD) rule are optimal for the total completion time problem and the maximum lateness problem respectively. (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Ind Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. US Mil Acad, Dept Math Sci, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Lee, CY (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Ind Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 34 TC 83 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0894-069X J9 NAV RES LOG JI Nav. Res. Logist. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 46 IS 7 BP 845 EP 863 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6750(199910)46:7<845::AID-NAV6>3.0.CO;2-# PG 19 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA 240BP UT WOS:000082806100006 ER PT J AU Genovese, RF Newman, DB Gordon, KA Brewer, TG AF Genovese, RF Newman, DB Gordon, KA Brewer, TG TI Acute high dose arteether toxicity in rats SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE antimalarial; arteether; artemisinin; neurotoxicity; behavior; safety assessment; rats ID FALCIPARUM-MALARIA; NEUROTOXICITY; ARTEMETHER; ARTEMISININ AB Acute high dose administration of the artemisinin antimalarial, beta-arteether (AE), was evaluated in rats using an auditory discrimination task (ADT) and histology. After rats were trained on the ADT, AE (25, 75, 125 mg/kg, IM) or vehicle (sesame oil) was administered and behavioral performance was evaluated for 11 consecutive days. Histological evaluation of the brains was performed using thionine and cupric-silver staining. Damaged cells were counted in specific brainstem nuclei of all rats and a qualitative analysis of the rostral-caudal extent of selected brains was performed. Behavioral performance was not significantly affected by any treatment although some evidence of disruption was observed, particularly after the largest dose. Ar 125 mg/kg, AE produced statistically significant neuropathology, including chromatolysis, in the nucleus trapezoideus and nucleus superior olive. AE at 75 mg/kg, produced significant neuropathology in the nucleus trapezoideus. Neither AE at 25 mg/kg, nor vehicle produced damage. Qualitative analysis revealed a pattern of neuropathology focused in the brainstem. The results show that, in rats, a single dose of AE can produce a pattern of brainstem neuropathology and that specific brainstem nuclei, including auditory nuclei, are particularly vulnerable. These results are consistent with, and extend, previous studies demonstrating brainstem neurotoxicity from repeated AE administration. Moreover, early detection of AE-induced neuropathology is problematic and may require selective examination of brainstem functions. (C) 1999 Inter Press, Inc. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Neurosci, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Anat & Cell Biol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. RP Genovese, RF (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Neurosci, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 17 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU INTOX PRESS INC PI LITTLE ROCK PA PO BOX 24865, LITTLE ROCK, AR 72221 USA SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD OCT PY 1999 VL 20 IS 5 BP 851 EP 859 PG 9 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 259XX UT WOS:000083920200019 PM 10591521 ER PT J AU Kanapady, R Tamma, KK Mark, A AF Kanapady, R Tamma, KK Mark, A TI Highly scalable parallel computational models for large-scale RTM process modeling simulations, Part 1: Theoretical formulations and generic design SO NUMERICAL HEAT TRANSFER PART B-FUNDAMENTALS LA English DT Article ID ALGORITHM AB This article reports the recent development of a highly scalable parallel computational model for process modeling and manufacturing applications of large-scale composite structures with particular emphasis on resin transfer molding (RTM. Fundamental concepts and characteristic features of the proposed scalable parallel algorithms are described and developed in technical detail. The approaches for simulating process modeling and manufacturing applications of composites includes: (I) the traditional, explicit control-volume finite-element (CV-FE) approach, and (2) a recently developed and new, implicit pure finite-element pure (pure FE) approach. SGI Power Challenge and SGI Origin 2000, which are symmetric multiprocessor (SMP) computing platforms, are employed in this study. The issues of implementation and software development of these manufacturing process simulations are parallel algorithm development, data structures, and interprocessor communication strategies, with emphasis on performance and scalability on these symmetric multiprocessors. with the motivation for providing effective computational procedures suitable for practical process modeling and manufacturing applications of large-scale composite structures and general finite-element simulations, the proposed developments not only provide a sound theoretical basis but also serve to be ideally portable to a wide range of parallel architectures. Whereas the theoretical formulations and generic design are described in Part I, the parallel formulation of the theory and implementation will be presented in Part 2 and the techniques developed are applied to large-scale problems using Power Challenge and SGI Origin to demonstrate the effectiveness and the practical applicability, which will be presented in Part 3 of this work. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Mech Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Univ Minnesota, Dept Mech Engn, 125 Mech Engn Bldg,111 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1040-7790 EI 1521-0626 J9 NUMER HEAT TR B-FUND JI Numer Heat Tranf. B-Fundam. PD OCT-NOV PY 1999 VL 36 IS 3 BP 265 EP 285 PG 21 WC Thermodynamics; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Mechanics GA 261QR UT WOS:000084020600002 ER PT J AU Kanapady, R Tamma, KK Mark, A AF Kanapady, R Tamma, KK Mark, A TI Highly scalable parallel computational models for large-scale RTM process modeling simulations. Part 2: Parallel formulation theory and implementation SO NUMERICAL HEAT TRANSFER PART B-FUNDAMENTALS LA English DT Article ID CONJUGATE-GRADIENT METHODS; PERFORMANCE AB In Part 2 of this work, we highlight some key elements of the parallel formulation theory and implementational aspect of process modeling and manufacturing applications of composites with particular emphasis on resin transfer molding (RTM). The approaches for simulating process modeling and manufacturing applications of composites include (I) the traditional explicit control-volume finite-element (CV-FE) approach, and (2) a recently developed and new implicit, pure finite-element (pure FE) approach. SGI Power Challenge and SGI Origin 2000, which are symmetric multiprocessor (SMP) computing platforms, are employed in this study. The issues in implementation and software development of these manufacturing process simulations are parallel algorithm development, data structures, and interprocessor communication strategies, with emphasis on performance and scalability on these symmetric multiprocessors. Fundamental concepts and characteristic features of the proposed scalable parallel algorithms are described and developed with theoretical analysis. Whereas the theoretical formulations and generic design presented in Part I, the parallel theoretical developments are described in Part 2, and the techniques developed are applied to large-scale problems using Power Challenge and SGI Origin to demonstrate the effectiveness and the practical applicability, which is subsequently presented in Part 3 of this work. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Mech Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Tamma, KK (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Mech Engn, 125 Mech Engn Bldg,111 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU HEMISPHERE PUBL CORP PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 USA SN 1040-7790 J9 NUMER HEAT TR B-FUND JI Numer Heat Tranf. B-Fundam. PD OCT-NOV PY 1999 VL 36 IS 3 BP 287 EP 308 DI 10.1080/104077999275659 PG 22 WC Thermodynamics; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Mechanics GA 261QR UT WOS:000084020600003 ER PT J AU Barnes, SD Campagna, JA Dirks, MS Doe, EA AF Barnes, SD Campagna, JA Dirks, MS Doe, EA TI Control of intraocular pressure elevations after argon laser trabeculoplasty - Comparison of brimonidine 0.2% to apraclonidine 1.0% SO OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Ophthalmology CY OCT 23-29, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Acad Ophthalmol ID OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA; FLURBIPROFEN; PRETREATMENT; PREVENTION; ALO-2145; SURGERY; THERAPY; RISE AB Objective: To determine whether brimonidine 0.2% can control intraocular pressure (IOP) spikes as well as apraclonidine 1.0% can in those patients undergoing argon laser trabeculoplasty (ALT), Design: Prospective, randomized, double-masked, clinical trial. Participants: A total of 56 eyes of 41 patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension were entered in the study; 46 eyes of 41 patients were eventually used for the final analysis, Intervention: Patients were randomized to receive either brimonidine 0.2% or apraclonidine 1.0% before and after 360 degrees ALT, Both patient and physician were masked as to which agent each patient received. Main Outcome Measures: Intraocular pressure measurements were recorded before surgery and at 1, 2, and 4 hours after surgery. The difference between the preoperative IOP (baseline) and the highest recorded postoperative IOP was recorded as the maximum IOP change. The mean of the maximum IOP change for each group was analyzed using a two-sample, one-tailed t test. Results: The mean of the maximum IOP change in the brimonidine 0.2% group was -2.6 +/- 3.6 mmHg, and the mean for the apraclonidine 1.0% group was -2.3 +/- 3.7 mmHg (P = 0.8). No patient had a pressure spike greater than 10 mmHg. Conclusions: Brimonidine 0.2% appears to be as effective as apraclonidine 1.0% in preventing IOP spikes after argon laser tuabeculoplasty. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Martin Army Community Hosp, Columbia, GA USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Dirks, MS (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 21 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0161-6420 J9 OPHTHALMOLOGY JI Ophthalmology PD OCT PY 1999 VL 106 IS 10 BP 2033 EP 2037 DI 10.1016/S0161-6420(99)90420-7 PG 5 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 241YU UT WOS:000082912100046 PM 10519604 ER PT J AU Bloemer, MJ Scalora, M AF Bloemer, MJ Scalora, M TI Light propagation effects in one-dimensional Ag/MgF2 photonic band gap structures SO OPTICS AND SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT VIIth International Seminar on Quantum Optics CY MAY, 1999 CL RAUBICHI, BYELARUS ID STOP BANDS; CRYSTALS; EDGE AB We present results of transmittance measurements on periodic layers of Ag/MgF2 at optical and microwave frequencies. These one-dimensional, photonic band gap materials exhibit transparency bands at optical frequencies and a huge stop band that extends throughout the near-IR to microwave frequencies and beyond. A unique feature of these metal/dielectric photonic band gap (MD-PBG) materials is that the overall transmittance in the pass band may increase as more periods are deposited. The center frequency, width, and sharpness of the pass bands are adjustable and generally depend on the thickness of the layers and the number of Ag/MgF2 periods. The experimental transmittance of the MD-PBGs was analyzed by a standard matrix transfer method. These simple periodic structures have applications as sensor and eye protection devices, heat reflecting windows, ultraviolet blocking films, and transparent electrodes in electro-optic devices. C1 USA, Aviat & Missile Command, Res Dev & Engn Ctr, AMSAM RD WS CM, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Bloemer, MJ (reprint author), USA, Aviat & Missile Command, Res Dev & Engn Ctr, AMSAM RD WS CM, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0030-400X J9 OPT SPECTROSC+ JI Opt. Spectrosc. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 87 IS 4 BP 545 EP 549 PG 5 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 255FA UT WOS:000083657800010 ER PT J AU Aguinis, H Petersen, SA Pierce, CA AF Aguinis, Herman Petersen, Scott A. Pierce, Charles A. TI Appraisal of the Homogeneity of Error Variance Assumption and Alternatives to Multiple Regression for Estimating Moderating Effects of Categorical Variables SO ORGANIZATIONAL RESEARCH METHODS LA English DT Article AB Homogeneity of within-subgroup error variance is a necessary condition for using multiple regression to estimate moderating effects of categorical variables. A 12-year review of Academy of Management Journal, Journal of Applied Psychology, and Personnel Psychology indicates that the assumption is violated in 40% to 60% of cases. The authors reanalyze published research to illustrate how violating the assumption may change substantive conclusions. To remedy this situation, they develop and present a computer program (i.e., ALTMMR) that (a) assesses whether a data set suffers from heterogeneity of error variance and (b) computes alternative inferential statistics to the traditional multiple regression F test when heterogeneity exists. ALTMMR, which can also be used as a teaching tool, was written in Java and is executable using an Internet Web browser or as a stand-alone application. C1 [Aguinis, Herman] Univ Colorado, Management, Denver, CO 80217 USA. [Petersen, Scott A.] US Mil Acad, Org Behav, West Point, NY USA. [Pierce, Charles A.] Montana State Univ, Social & Ind Org Psychol, Bozeman, MT USA. RP Aguinis, H (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Grad Sch Business Adm, Campus Box 165,POB 173364, Denver, CO 80217 USA. EM haguinis@castle.cudenver.edu OI Aguinis, Herman/0000-0002-3485-9484 FU Graduate Research Opportunities Program at the University of Colorado at Denver FX Authors'Note: The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not purport to reflect the position of the U.S. Military Academy, the Department of the Army, or the Department of Defense. This article is based in part on the master's thesis of Scott A. Petersen, completed at the University of Colorado at Denver under the supervision of Herman Aguinis. Portions of this article were presented as part of a symposium (J. M. Cortina, Chair) at the meeting of the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Atlanta, Georgia, April 1999. Portions of the research reported in this article were supported by a grant to Scott A. Petersen from the Graduate Research Opportunities Program at the University of Colorado at Denver. We thank Richard P. DeShon (Michigan State University), Kurt Kraiger (University of Colorado at Denver), William Wolfe (University of Colorado at Denver), and members of the Behavioral Science Research Group for comments regarding the research reported herein. Correspondence and reprint requests should be addressed to Herman Aguinis, Graduate School of Business Administration, University of Colorado at Denver, Campus Box 165, P.O. Box 173364, Denver, CO80217-3364; e-mail: haguinis@castle.cudenver.edu. NR 43 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 4 U2 4 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1094-4281 EI 1552-7425 J9 ORGAN RES METHODS JI Organ. Res. Methods PD OCT PY 1999 VL 2 IS 4 BP 315 EP 339 DI 10.1177/109442819924001 PG 25 WC Psychology, Applied; Management SC Psychology; Business & Economics GA V40BY UT WOS:000209455300001 ER PT J AU Anderson, JE Fischer, RL Deloach, SR AF Anderson, JE Fischer, RL Deloach, SR TI Remote sensing and precision agriculture: Ready or harvest or still maturing? SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article C1 Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Biol, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Ctr Environm Studies, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. USA, Topog Eng Ctr, Alexandria, VA 22060 USA. Earthdata Technol LLC, Dawson, GA 31742 USA. RP Anderson, JE (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Biol, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. NR 10 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 65 IS 10 BP 1118 EP + PG 5 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 244YU UT WOS:000083079000003 ER PT J AU Pipa, VI Vagidov, NZ Mitin, VV Stroscio, M AF Pipa, VI Vagidov, NZ Mitin, VV Stroscio, M TI Momentum relaxation of 2D electron gas due to near-surface acoustic phonon scattering SO PHYSICA B LA English DT Article DE Bloch-Gruneisen regime; momentum relaxation rate; electron-phonon scattering; piezoelectric and deformation potentials ID QUANTUM-WELL; HETEROLAYER; MOBILITY; ENERGY; GAAS AB This study addresses the effect of proximity of a quantum well to a stress-free surface of the semiconductor heterostructure on the momentum relaxation rate of two-dimensional electrons interacting with acoustic phonons via piezoelectric and deformation potentials. The results obtained demonstrate that for narrow quantum wells placed close to the surface the relaxation rate at low temperatures (Bloch-Gruneisen regime) is changed considerably in comparison with that of a two-dimensional electron gas placed in a bulk of semiconductor. For the temperatures where the piezoelectric potential interaction dominates over the deformation potential interaction, the near-surface relaxation rate is enhanced in the case of a semiconductor-vacuum system and is suppressed in the case of the surface covered by a thin metal film. The temperature dependence of the near-surface momentum relaxation rate is found to be T-alpha for values of T far below the Bloch-Gruneisen temperature. For a semiconductor-vacuum system, alpha = 3 and 5 for piezoelectric and deformation potential scattering, respectively; for a semiconductor-metal system, alpha = 5 for both mechanisms. It is predicted that screening changes the temperature dependences of momentum relaxation rates: for a semiconductor-vacuum system, alpha = 5 and 7 for piezoelectric and deformation potential scattering, respectively. Screening does not change a in the case of metal-semiconductor system. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Wayne State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. Inst Semicond Phys, UA-252650 Kiev, Ukraine. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Mitin, VV (reprint author), Wayne State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD OCT PY 1999 VL 270 IS 3-4 BP 280 EP 288 DI 10.1016/S0921-4526(99)00175-1 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 236KA UT WOS:000082597700010 ER PT J AU Centini, M Sibilia, C Scalora, M D'Aguanno, G Bertolotti, M Bloemer, MJ Bowden, CM Nefedov, I AF Centini, M Sibilia, C Scalora, M D'Aguanno, G Bertolotti, M Bloemer, MJ Bowden, CM Nefedov, I TI Dispersive properties of finite, one-dimensional photonic band gap structures: Applications to nonlinear quadratic interactions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID FIBER BRAGG GRATINGS; 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION; PERIODIC STRUCTURE; GROUP-DELAY; EDGE; ENHANCEMENT; CRYSTAL; INDEX AB We discuss the linear dispersive properties of finite one-dimensional photonic band-gap structures. We introduce the concept of a complex effective index for structures of finite length, derived from a generalized dispersion equation that identically satisfies the Kramers-Kronig relations. We then address the conditions necessary for optimal, phase-matched, resonant second harmonic generation. The combination of enhanced density of modes, field localization, and exact phase matching near the band edge conspire to yield conversion efficiencies orders of magnitude higher than quasi-phase-matched structures of similar lengths. We also discuss an unusual and interesting effect: counterpropagating waves can simultaneously travel with different phase velocities, pointing to the existence of two dispersion relations for structures of finite length. [S1063-651X(99)15010-4]. C1 Univ Rome La Sapienza, INFM, Dipartimento Energet, I-00161 Rome, Italy. USA, Aviat & Missile Command, Weapons Sci Directorate, AMSMIRDWSST Redstone Arsenal, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. Time Domain Corp, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Radio Engn & Elect, Saratov 410019, Russia. RP Centini, M (reprint author), Univ Rome La Sapienza, INFM, Dipartimento Energet, Via Scarpa 16, I-00161 Rome, Italy. OI D'Aguanno, Giuseppe/0000-0002-7132-0103; CENTINI, MARCO/0000-0003-0625-0054 NR 24 TC 281 Z9 292 U1 3 U2 27 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD OCT PY 1999 VL 60 IS 4 BP 4891 EP 4898 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.60.4891 PN B PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 250XE UT WOS:000083414900084 PM 11970354 ER PT J AU Walsh, SM Mohan, RV AF Walsh, SM Mohan, RV TI Sensor-based control of flow fronts in vacuum-assisted RTM SO PLASTICS ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB The authors examine several issues of relevance in the understanding and development of techniques for characterizing and controlling flow fronts in the vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) process. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Walsh, SM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 5 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC PLASTICS ENG INC PI BROOKFIELD PA 14 FAIRFIELD DR, BROOKFIELD, CT 06804-0403 USA SN 0091-9578 J9 PLAST ENG JI Plast. Eng. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 55 IS 10 BP 29 EP + PG 5 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 251DL UT WOS:000083429300017 ER PT J AU Singer, MJ Witmer, BG AF Singer, MJ Witmer, BG TI On selecting the right yardstick SO PRESENCE-TELEOPERATORS AND VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article ID VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS AB In an article that discussed both the conceptual aspects of presence and the practical considerations of measuring the concept (Witmer & Singer, 1998), we argued that both involvement and immersion are necessary for experiencing presence. The article also presented two questionnaires we have developed, an Immersive Tendencies Questionnaire (ITQ) and a Presence Questionnaire (PQ). Our analyses showed that they are internally consistent with high reliability, there is a weak but consistent positive relation between presence and performance, the ITQ predicts presence as measured by the PQ, and individuals reporting more simulator sickness symptoms report less presence than those reporting fewer symptoms. In this issue, Slater (1999) critiques our approach to measuring presence as represented by the PQ. Dr. Slater finds our definitions of presence helpful and that our concept of immersion is part of his understanding of the meaning of presence. Dr. Slater then argues that both our approach to measuring presence and the PQ are conceptually flawed. In his critique, he raises statistical questions about our measure, concluding that the PQ is not a measure of presence at all. He concludes by arguing against the validity of the measure and stating that he would not use the PQ in his research. In this article, we argue that the PQ is based in the same conceptual structure that is accepted by Dr. Slater, and that the PQ represents a fundamentally sound approach-although not the only approach-to measuring presence. Dr. Slater's statistical arguments are shown to be incorrect simplifications, as he acknowledges in his critique. We also demonstrate that individual PQ items still correlate significantly with the PQ total score even when the PQ total is adjusted to remove the score on individual items from that total. Finally, we rebut Slater's argument concerning the validity of the measure, and suggest that researchers not be constrained by an equipment-oriented model of the presence experience. C1 USA, Res Inst Behav & Social Sci, Simulator Syst Res Unit, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. RP Singer, MJ (reprint author), USA, Res Inst Behav & Social Sci, Simulator Syst Res Unit, 12350 Res Pkwy, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. NR 9 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU M I T PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA FIVE CAMBRIDGE CENTER, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 USA SN 1054-7460 J9 PRESENCE-TELEOP VIRT JI Presence-Teleoper. Virtual Env. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 8 IS 5 BP 566 EP 573 DI 10.1162/105474699566486 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 245MY UT WOS:000083113800008 ER PT J AU Miller, AD Scott, DF Chacko, TL Maxwell, DM Schlager, JJ Lanclos, KD AF Miller, AD Scott, DF Chacko, TL Maxwell, DM Schlager, JJ Lanclos, KD TI Expression and partial purification of a recombinant secretory form of human liver carboxylesterase SO PROTEIN EXPRESSION AND PURIFICATION LA English DT Article DE carboxylesterase; site-directed mutagenesis; cDNA cloning; cell culture; protein purification ID RAT-LIVER; ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; SERUM CARBOXYLESTERASE; HUMAN BRAIN; GUINEA-PIG; CLONING; ESTERASE; BIOSYNTHESIS; PROTEINS; HYDROLASES AB Serine-dependent carboxylesterases (EC 3.1.1.1) are found in a variety of tissues with high activity detected in the liver. Carboxylesterases (CaE) hydrolyze aliphatic and aromatic esters, and aromatic amides, and play an important role in the detoxification of xenobiotic chemicals that contain organophosphate (OP) compounds. The detoxifying ability of CaE is Limited by its low concentration in serum where it encounters OP compounds. Studies in our laboratory have shown that a pRC/CMV-hCaE plasmid construct, stably integrated into 293T cells, expresses a human liver CaE in culture. However, the enzyme remained inside the cell and reached a low steady-state level of expression. The goals of this study were to overexpress a functional human liver CaE from a recombinant cDNA in a human cell line and to isolate and purify the recombinant protein. To accomplish these goals, a single amino acid change was made in the C-terminal retrieval signal, HIEL (His-Ile-Glu-Leu), of human liver CaE. The mutation produced a unique Eco47III restriction site, which aided in clone selection. The recombinant plasmid, pRc/CMV-mhCaE, was isolated and stably integrated into human 293T cells. Expression of the altered cDNA resulted in secretion of an active CaE up to levels of 500 enzyme units per liter of growth medium. Secretory CaE displayed isoelectric focusing patterns similar to those of the native enzyme with no observable changes in activity. The secreted enzyme was partially purified by hydrophobic interaction chromatography and Cibacron blue affinity chromatography. Partial enzyme purification was achieved, and CaE retained a high level of enzymatic activity. (C) 1999 Academic Press. C1 Med Coll Georgia, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Pharmacol, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Miller, AD (reprint author), Med Coll Georgia, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. NR 43 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1046-5928 EI 1096-0279 J9 PROTEIN EXPRES PURIF JI Protein Expr. Purif. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 17 IS 1 BP 16 EP 25 DI 10.1006/prep.1999.1121 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 243NN UT WOS:000083004300003 PM 10497064 ER PT J AU Brantingham, JM Leitch, R AF Brantingham, JM Leitch, R TI Positioning US army corps of engineers dredges SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 Elect Charts Co Inc, Seattle, WA USA. USACE Dredge Yaquina, Portland, OR USA. RP Brantingham, JM (reprint author), Elect Charts Co Inc, Seattle, WA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBL INC PI ARLINGTON PA SUITE 1000 1117 N 19 ST, ARLINGTON, VA 22209 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 40 IS 10 BP 23 EP + PG 4 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 252ZY UT WOS:000083533200004 ER PT J AU Howell, MR Gaydos, JC McKee, KT Quinn, TC Gaydos, CA AF Howell, MR Gaydos, JC McKee, KT Quinn, TC Gaydos, CA TI Control of Chlamydia trachomatis infections in female army recruits: Cost-effective screening and treatment in training cohorts to prevent pelvic inflammatory disease SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID FAMILY-PLANNING CLINICS; MILITARY POPULATION; AZITHROMYCIN; WOMEN; TRENDS AB Context: Chlamydia trachomatis genitourinary infections in females can lead to serious and costly sequelae, Programs such as basic (initial entry) military training with controlled points of entry offer an opportunity to screen large cohorts of women at risk for infection. Objective: To assess the cost-effectiveness of three interventions for C. trachomatis infections in women beginning Army training: 1) screening using urine ligase chain reaction (LCR) by age, 2) unrestricted testing using urine LCR, and 3) universal antibiotic treatment with azithromycin, Design: Cost-effectiveness analysis from a military perspective, Setting and Patients: A hypothetical cohort of 10,000 women who intended to complete at least 2 years of military service was studied. Analysis was based on data from 13,204 female trainees screened for chlamydial infection at Fort Jackson, SC. Outcomes: Program and training costs, cost of illness averted, and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) prevented were determined for a 1-year follow-up period. Using sensitivity analysis, outcomes over 2 years were studied. Results: At a 9.2% prevalence, no screening resulted in $220,900 in training and sequelae costs and 276 cases of PID, Screening by age produced the lowest cost $217,600, over a 1-year period and prevented 222 cases of PID for a cost-savings of $15 per case of PID prevented. Universal testing prevented an additional 11 cases of PID at a cost of $226,400, or costing $800 per additional case of PID prevented over age-targeted screening. Universal treatment prevented an additional 32 cases of PID and cost $221,100, saving $167 per additional cases of PID prevented over universal screening. Over a 2-year period, universal treatment provided the highest cost-savings and prevented the most disease. Conclusion: Screening by age provided a cost-savings to the Army over a 1-year period. Other organizations accessing large cohorts of young women could also benefit, even in the short term, from implementation of an age-based chlamydial screening program. Universal testing or universal treatment may be warranted in which long-term societal goals, such as maximum reduction of PID, are relevant. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Div Infect Dis, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Womack Army Med Ctr, Ft Bragg, NC USA. NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Howell, MR (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Div Infect Dis, Ross Res Bldg,Room 1159,720 Rutland Ave, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RI Gaydos, Charlotte/E-9937-2010 NR 19 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 26 IS 9 BP 519 EP 526 DI 10.1097/00007435-199910000-00007 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 244UF UT WOS:000083068600007 PM 10534206 ER PT J AU Gayle, EL Morrison, WB Carrino, JA Parsons, TW Liang, CY Stevenson, A AF Gayle, EL Morrison, WB Carrino, JA Parsons, TW Liang, CY Stevenson, A TI Extraskeletal osteochondroma of the foot SO SKELETAL RADIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE osteochondroma; chondroma; extraskeletal tumor; soft tissue tumor; foot; CT; MRI ID CARTILAGINOUS TUMORS; OSTEO-SARCOMA; SOFT-TISSUES; CHONDROSARCOMA; CHONDROMA; PARTS; THIGH; HAND AB A case of pathologically proven extraskeletal osteochondroma is presented with magnetic resonance imaging (MRT), computed tomography (CT), bone scan and radiographic findings. The diagnosis of extraskeletal osteochondroma should be considered when a discrete, ossified mass is localized in the soft tissues of the distal extremities. Nomenclature surrounding this entity is controversial and is discussed. C1 Thomas Jefferson Univ Hosp, Dept Radiol, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Ft Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Radiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Orthoped, Lackland AFB, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Morrison, WB (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Univ Hosp, Dept Radiol, 111 S 11th St, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. NR 24 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0364-2348 J9 SKELETAL RADIOL JI Skeletal Radiol. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 28 IS 10 BP 594 EP 598 PG 5 WC Orthopedics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Orthopedics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 249MU UT WOS:000083337500009 PM 10550539 ER PT J AU Dinsmore, RC Benson, JF AF Dinsmore, RC Benson, JF TI Endoscopic removal of a knotted nasogastric tube lodged in the posterior nasopharynx SO SOUTHERN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID COMPLICATIONS AB The complication of knotting nasogastric (NG) tubes on removal occurs infrequently with small diameter feeding tubes. Knotting of large caliber NG tubes is even more uncommon. We describe our experience in one such case, which was further complicated by the inability to visualize the NG tube in the. posterior pharynx for removal through the mouth. We also review the literature and discuss risk factors. C1 Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. RP Dinsmore, RC (reprint author), Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. NR 4 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHERN MEDICAL ASSN PI BIRMINGHAM PA 35 LAKESHORE DR PO BOX 190088, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35219 USA SN 0038-4348 J9 SOUTHERN MED J JI South.Med.J. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 92 IS 10 BP 1005 EP 1007 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 251FM UT WOS:000083434000012 PM 10548175 ER PT J AU Coelho, JD Cameron, KL AF Coelho, JD Cameron, KL TI Hemophilia and resistance training: Implications for the strength and conditioning professional SO STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE endurance; nutrition; recovery ID SPORTS AB With developments in home treatment, consisting of prophylactic infusion therapy and the use of venous access devices such as a port, it is much more likely that individuals with hemophilia will engage in physical activity, individual sports, and team sports. Therefore, it is important for strength and conditioning professionals to have a complete understanding of hemophilia, how it is managed, and how resistance training can be beneficial. Proper preparation for physical activity will reduce the chance of injury. The conditioning program should progressively increase fitness without added health risk. Ingredients for a proper resistance-training program include close and continuous supervision, adequate warmup and cool-down, adequate recovery time between sessions, and avoidance of maximal or near-maximal lifts. The emphasis should be on multiple sets of low-to moderate-resistance exercises for large muscle groups and on proper technique. The benefits of a well-designed resistance-training program can have a significant impact not only on the physical fitness and athletic success of a person with hemophilia but also on the emotional and physical well-being of the individual. Proper resistance training may increase muscular strength and endurance, increase proprioception, and increase flexibility while reducing the risk of injury and bleeding that may result from participation in activities of daily living, sport, and physical activity. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Educ Phys, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Coelho, JD (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Educ Phys, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL STRENGTH & CONDITIONING ASSOC PI COLORADO SPRINGS PA 1955 N UNION BLVD, COLORADO SPRINGS, CO 80909 USA SN 1073-6840 J9 STRENGTH COND J JI Strength Cond. J. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 21 IS 5 BP 30 EP 33 PG 4 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 252XK UT WOS:000083527400007 ER PT J AU Jatoi, I AF Jatoi, I TI Breast cancer management - Preface SO SURGICAL CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Jatoi, I (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0039-6109 J9 SURG CLIN N AM JI Surg. Clin.-North Am. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 79 IS 5 BP XIII EP XIII PG 1 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 245RP UT WOS:000083122200001 ER PT J AU Jatoi, I AF Jatoi, I TI The natural history of breast cancer SO SURGICAL CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID COMPARING RADICAL-MASTECTOMY; ADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY; PREMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; DEATH RATES; RADIOTHERAPY; CARCINOMA; DISEASE; CONSERVATION; METASTASES; RADIATION AB The natural history of breast cancer is a contentious issue. Some authors argue that it is a systemic disease and that local therapy does not affect mortality. Others maintain that it is a local disease at inception and that locoregional therapy does reduce mortality. There are, of course, no randomized, prospective trials comparing local therapy to no treatment. Thus, the true effect of local therapy on breast cancer mortality remains open to speculation. Nonetheless, there are trials that have examined the effect of screening or permutations in local therapy on mortality. This article discusses some of these trials and their relevance to the natural history of breast cancer. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Jatoi, I (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 61 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0039-6109 J9 SURG CLIN N AM JI Surg. Clin.-North Am. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 79 IS 5 BP 949 EP + DI 10.1016/S0039-6109(05)70055-4 PG 13 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 245RP UT WOS:000083122200002 PM 10572545 ER PT J AU Jatoi, I AF Jatoi, I TI Management of the axilla in primary breast cancer SO SURGICAL CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SENTINEL LYMPHADENECTOMY; SURGICAL-MANAGEMENT; RADICAL MASTECTOMY; RANDOMIZED TRIAL; NODE BIOPSY; DISSECTION; RADIOTHERAPY; CARCINOMA; SURGERY; METASTASES AB Treatment of the axilla is an integral part of the management of patients with invasive breast cancer. In general, the standard treatment of the axilla involves level I and level II axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). Currently, there is no evidence that ALND improves survival, although the issue remains controversial. ALND, however, is an effective staging procedure and is essential for local control of disease in the axilla. Several studies have shown that the sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) can predict the status of the axillary nodes reliably. Ln the future, axillary dissection might be avoided in patients who have no metastatic involvement of the sentinel node; however, the efficacy of SLNB in the setting of randomized, prospective trials must be tested first before abandoning ALND as the standard of care. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Jatoi, I (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 62 TC 20 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0039-6109 J9 SURG CLIN N AM JI Surg. Clin.-North Am. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 79 IS 5 BP 1061 EP + DI 10.1016/S0039-6109(05)70061-X PG 14 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 245RP UT WOS:000083122200008 PM 10572551 ER PT J AU Smallridge, RC Gist, ID Tsokos, GC Kiang, JG AF Smallridge, RC Gist, ID Tsokos, GC Kiang, JG TI Characterization of distinct heat shock- and thapsigargin-induced cytoprotective proteins in FRTL-5 thyroid cells SO THYROID LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Congress of Endocrinology CY JUN 12-15, 1996 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA ID EPITHELIAL-CELLS; KINASE-C; ACTIVATION; EXPRESSION; (I); PROMOTER; DISEASE; HYPOXIA; CA2+ AB Heat shock induces the expression of proteins with molecular weights of 70-72 kd and 90 kd, whereas thapsigargin induces the expression of a glucose-regulated protein 78 kd (GRP-78) in certain cells. In this study we examined the induction and cytoprotective effects of heat shock- and thapsigargin-induced proteins in FRTL-5 rat thyroid cells. New protein synthesis was assessed in [S-35]methionine-labeled cells and quantitated densitometrically. The expression of specific stress proteins was identified using Western blots, whereas cytoprotection provided by these proteins was evaluated by trypan blue exclusion. Exposure to heat shock (45 degrees C, 15 minutes) induced the expression of proteins with molecular weights at the range of low 70 kD and low 90 kD that peaked between 2-6 hours and returned to baseline within 24 hours. Treatment of cells with thapsigargin (200 nM, 15 minutes) induced the expression of different molecular weight proteins, most likely GRP-78 and -94, that peaked at 4-6 hours and lasted for 24 hours. Neither the removal of growth factors (thyroid-stimulating hormone and insulin) for 5 days nor the elimination of extracellular Ca2+ with EGTA or clamping of the intracellular Ca2+ with BAPTA for 15 minutes affected expression of the heat shock- and the thapsigargin-induced stress proteins. In contrast, protein kinase C inhibitors H7 and GF109203X abolished the expression of all three groups of stress proteins. Both heat shock- and thapsigargin-induced proteins completely protected cells from subsequent thermal injury (47 degrees C, 35 minutes). The induction of cytoprotective proteins by heat shock and thapsigargin requires the presence of protein kinase C but is Ca2+- and growth factor-independent. C1 Mayo Clin Jacksonville, Div Endocrinol, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Med, Dept Clin Physiol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Smallridge, RC (reprint author), Mayo Clin Jacksonville, Div Endocrinol, 4500 San Pablo Rd, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1050-7256 J9 THYROID JI Thyroid PD OCT PY 1999 VL 9 IS 10 BP 1041 EP 1047 DI 10.1089/thy.1999.9.1041 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 253CY UT WOS:000083540100013 PM 10560962 ER PT J AU Moorad, DR Luo, CY Saxena, A Doctor, BP Garcia, GE AF Moorad, DR Luo, CY Saxena, A Doctor, BP Garcia, GE TI Purification and determination of the amino acid sequence of equine serum butyrylcholinesterase SO TOXICOLOGY METHODS LA English DT Article DE amino acid sequence; butyrylcholinesterase; BChE; bioscavenger; horse; protein purification ID PRETREATMENT DRUGS; ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE; CHOLINESTERASES; PROTECTION; TOXICITY AB Butyrylcholinesterase (Eq-BChE) from equine (horse) serum has been used extensively to demonstrate the efficacy of cholinesterase as a single pretreatment drug (bioscavenger) for organophosphate toxicity in rodents and nonhuman primates. It has the longest mean retention time in animals among all ChE preparations examined. The authors describe the complete amino acid sequence of Eq-BChE. Like other mammalian BChEs, it is a glycosylated protein composed of four identical subunits. The apparent molecular weight of the subunit containing 574 amino acids and the estimated carbohydrate content of similar to 26% is similar to 84,551 Da. It has eight carbohydrate-modified sites at positions 57, 106, 241, 256, 341, 455, 481, and 486 as N-linked Asn residues. The active site charged triad amino acids are Ser198, Glu325, and His438. The N-terminal amino acids are GluGluAspIle, consistent with this being the mature form of the enzyme. In addition, a monomeric form of this enzyme that corresponds to similar to 4% of the total BChE activity was isolated and purified. Comparison of Eq-BChE with other species shows that there is a high degree of primary sequence identity. There is a 90.1% identity with the human serum BChE sequence, although the equine enzyme has one less N-glycosylation site and Cys residue. If conserved amino acid substitutions are included then the proteins share 93.4% homology. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Biochem, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Garcia, GE (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Biochem, Bldg 40, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON EC4A 3DE, ENGLAND SN 1051-7235 J9 TOXICOL METHOD JI Toxicol. Method. PD OCT-DEC PY 1999 VL 9 IS 4 BP 219 EP 227 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 259WP UT WOS:000083917200001 ER PT J AU Logan, TP Smith, JR Jakubowski, EM Nielson, RE AF Logan, TP Smith, JR Jakubowski, EM Nielson, RE TI Verification of lewisite exposure by the analysis of 2-chlorovinyl arsonous acid in urine SO TOXICOLOGY METHODS LA English DT Article DE lewisite; 2-chlorovinyl arsenious acid; ethanidithiol; gas chromatography; mass spectrometry; atomic emission spectroscopy; guinea pig urine ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; RABBITS AB Verification of lewisite (L) exposure aids in the proper medical treatment of personnel who have come into contact with this vesicant. The purpose of this study was to develop a method for the detection of 2-chlorovinyl arsonous acid (CVAA) in the urine of guinea pigs exposed to L. Guineapigs were subcutaneously (sc) injected at 500 mu g/kg with L in sesame seed oil. Urine samples were collected and analyzed at 8-h intervals for 40 h. CVAA is the hydrolysis product that retains most oft's structure. Two gas chromatographic methods of detection, mass spectrometry (MS) and atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), were employed to detect CVAA derivatized with ethanedithiol (EDT). CVAA-EDT was more amenable to gas chromatographic separation than was CVAA. Samples of urine were extracted with C-18 solid-phase cartridges, eluted with methanol, dried, derivatized with EDT, and analyzed. CVAA-EDT was detected at 3-mu g/mL concentrations in 0- to 8-h samples and less than or equal to 100-ng/mL concentrations in 16- to 24-h samples. Results indicate that CVAA can be detected in guinea pig urine up to 24 h after subcutaneous L exposure using either MS or AES detectors. Demonstration of CVAA in guinea pig urine following sc injection with L suggests that its presence in human urine would prove exposure to L. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Drug Assessment Div, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Logan, TP (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Drug Assessment Div, 3100 Ricketts Point Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. OI Smith, James/0000-0001-8805-3788 NR 12 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON EC4A 3DE, ENGLAND SN 1051-7235 J9 TOXICOL METHOD JI Toxicol. Method. PD OCT-DEC PY 1999 VL 9 IS 4 BP 275 EP 284 PG 10 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 259WP UT WOS:000083917200006 ER PT J AU Hess, JR Greenwalt, TJ Lippert, LE Knapp, AD Derse-Anthony, CP Oliver, CK Hill, HR Rugg, N Gormas, JF AF Hess, JR Greenwalt, TJ Lippert, LE Knapp, AD Derse-Anthony, CP Oliver, CK Hill, HR Rugg, N Gormas, JF TI Phosphate, pH, & additive solution volume: Effect on red cell storage SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Hoxworth Blood Ctr, Cincinnati, OH USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD OCT PY 1999 VL 39 IS 10 SU S BP 14S EP 14S PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 247EK UT WOS:000083207500068 ER PT J AU Seelbaugh, JP Hmel, PJ Senapedis, WT Ganong, JP Carson, JD Gorogias, M Reid, TJ AF Seelbaugh, JP Hmel, PJ Senapedis, WT Ganong, JP Carson, JD Gorogias, M Reid, TJ TI Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) stabilizes the platelet membrane during freezing. SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD OCT PY 1999 VL 39 IS 10 SU S BP 89S EP 89S PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 247EK UT WOS:000083207500425 ER PT J AU Hmel, PJ Senapedis, WT Ganong, JP Davis, R Bakaltcheva, I Reid, TJ AF Hmel, PJ Senapedis, WT Ganong, JP Davis, R Bakaltcheva, I Reid, TJ TI Physical and thermal properties of blood product storage bags: Implications for shipping frozen products on dry ice. SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD OCT PY 1999 VL 39 IS 10 SU S BP 109S EP 109S PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 247EK UT WOS:000083207500518 ER PT J AU Greenwalt, TJ Hess, JR Knapp, AD Gormas, JF Pratt, G AF Greenwalt, TJ Hess, JR Knapp, AD Gormas, JF Pratt, G TI Clinically acceptable red cells after 10 weeks of storage SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Hoxworth Blood Ctr UC, Cincinnati, OH USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Med Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD OCT PY 1999 VL 39 IS 10 SU S BP 110S EP 110S PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 247EK UT WOS:000083207500521 ER PT J AU Cross, AS Opal, SM Bhattacharjee, AK Donta, ST Peduzzi, PN Furer, E Que, JU Cryz, SJ AF Cross, AS Opal, SM Bhattacharjee, AK Donta, ST Peduzzi, PN Furer, E Que, JU Cryz, SJ TI Immunotherapy of sepsis: flawed concept or faulty implementation? SO VACCINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Centennial Meeting on BERNA - A Century of Immunobiological Innovation CY NOV 06, 1998 CL BERN, SWITZERLAND SP BERNA ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI J5; GRAM-NEGATIVE BACILLI; CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE VACCINE; SEPTIC SHOCK; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; SALMONELLA-MINNESOTA; OLIGOSACCHARIDE CORE; ENDOTOXIN CORE; IMMUNE-SYSTEM; IGG ANTIBODY AB Gram-negative bacillary sepsis is a leading cause of death among patients hospitalized in intensive care units. While initial clinical studies with the passive administration of anti-endotoxin core-glycolipid (CGL) antibodies for the treatment and prophylaxis of sepsis showed promising results, subsequent studies failed to show a consistent benefit. There appears to be a good correlation between anti-CGL antibody levels at the onset of sepsis and maintenance of antibody levels during sepsis with outcome. Previous clinical studies may have failed because insufficient amounts of antibody were administered early in the course of sepsis. Unlike the case with anti-CGL antibodies, polyvalent, hyperimmune type-specific antibody preparations may prevent the development of infections; however, these antibodies also must be provided in adequate amounts and in close proximity to infection in order to provide a beneficial effect. These pharmacokinetic requirements may limit the utility of passive immunotherapy for the prophylaxis of sepsis. Active immunization of acutely traumatized patients or of rats subsequently rendered neutropenic with cyclophosphamide induced high antibody levels for extended periods of time. Since trauma and other conditions are associated with a Th-2 response, these conditions may favor antibody formation following active immunization. Active immunization with both anti-CGL and/or polyvalent-specific vaccines for the prophylaxis of sepsis with passive supplementation at the onset of sepsis is an approach that merits further investigation. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Brown Univ, Sch Med, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Vet Adm Cooperat Studies Grp, W Haven, CT USA. Swiss Serum & Vaccine Inst, CH-3001 Bern, Switzerland. RP Cross, AS (reprint author), Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, 10 S Pine St, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. NR 44 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD OCT 1 PY 1999 VL 17 SU 2 BP S13 EP S21 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(99)00230-3 PG 9 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 241UR UT WOS:000082901500003 PM 10506404 ER PT J AU Scharton-Kersten, T Glenn, GM Vassell, R Yu, JM Walwender, D Alving, CR AF Scharton-Kersten, T Glenn, GM Vassell, R Yu, JM Walwender, D Alving, CR TI Principles of transcutaneous immunization using cholera toxin as an adjuvant SO VACCINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Centennial Meeting on BERNA - A Century of Immunobiological Innovation CY NOV 06, 1998 CL BERN, SWITZERLAND SP BERNA ID HEAT-LABILE ENTEROTOXIN; MICE; VACCINATION AB Transcutaneous immunization is a novel strategy for immunization employing topical application of antigen and adjuvant to the skin surface and resulting in detectable antigen/adjuvant specific IgG in plasma and mucosal secretions. In this study we show that transcutaneous immunization with cholera toxin (CT) as an adjuvant can be used in several inbred mouse strains with varying H-2 major histocompatibility complex genes (C57BL/6 (H-2(b)), BALB/c (H-2(d)), and C3H (H-2(k))). Although the primary anti-CT antibody responses reflected previously described MHC restriction patterns for this protein, the differences were overcome after two booster immunizations. Potent antibody responses against hen egg lysozyme and/or diphtheria toroid were observed using CT as adjuvant. We also demonstrate that the unshaved dorsal or ventral surface of the ear can be effectively used for transcutaneous immunization and that gentle swabbing with alcohol increases the magnitude of the host immune response. Together these data further our understanding of the principles governing this new platform technology and support its integration into novel and existing human vaccine strategies. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Membrane Biochem, Washington, DC 20307 USA. IOMAI Corp, Washington, DC 20037 USA. RP Scharton-Kersten, T (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Membrane Biochem, 14th & Dahlia St NW,Bldg 40,Rm 3049, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 17 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD OCT 1 PY 1999 VL 17 SU 2 BP S37 EP S43 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(99)00233-9 PG 7 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 241UR UT WOS:000082901500006 PM 10506407 ER PT J AU Ma, MH Kersten, DB Kamrud, KI Wool-Lewis, RJ Schmaljohn, C Gonzalez-Scarano, F AF Ma, MH Kersten, DB Kamrud, KI Wool-Lewis, RJ Schmaljohn, C Gonzalez-Scarano, F TI Murine leukemia virus pseudotypes of La Crosse and Hantaan Bunyaviruses: a system for analysis of cell tropism SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Hantaan virus; pseudotype; glycoprotein; antibodies ID CALIFORNIA SEROGROUP BUNYAVIRUSES; VESICULAR STOMATITIS-VIRUS; MEMBRANE GLYCOPROTEIN; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; RETROVIRAL VECTORS; CYTOPLASMIC TAIL; G1 GLYCOPROTEIN; GOLGI-COMPLEX; HIGH-TITER; EXPRESSION AB We have developed a system for the preparation of La Crosse virus (LAC) and Hantaan virus (HTN) pseudotypes using a murine leukemia virus vector. After concentration, the pseudotypes were present in quantities sufficient to analyze cell tropism and neutralization. Cells resistant to LAC could not be infected with the MLV (LAC) pseudotypes, and the pseudo types were sensitive to neutralizing monoclonal antibodies prepared against LAC glycoproteins, as well as to inhibition by a soluble form of the virus cell-attachment protein, G1. Perhaps because of lower expression of the HTN glycoproteins at the cell surface, MLV (HTN) pseudotypes were present at lower titers. However, they were also sensitive to appropriate neutralizing antibodies. This pseudotype system will be useful for analysis of the entry process of the Bunyaviridae, and for neutralization studies with some Bunyaviruses whose high virulence normally requires specialized containment facilities. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Penn, Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Penn, Med Ctr, Dept Microbiol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Dept Mol Virol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Gonzalez-Scarano, F (reprint author), Univ Penn, Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Clin Res Bldg,415 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. FU NINDS NIH HHS [NS-30606] NR 35 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD OCT PY 1999 VL 64 IS 1 BP 23 EP 32 DI 10.1016/S0168-1702(99)00070-2 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA 246JX UT WOS:000083161600003 PM 10500280 ER PT J AU Kiang, JG McClain, DE AF Kiang, JG McClain, DE TI N omega-nitro-L-arginine decreases resting cytosolic [Ca2+] and enhances heat stress-induced increase in cytosolic [Ca2+] in human colon carcinoma T84 cells SO CHINESE JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Na+/Ca2+ exchanger; Ca2+; NO synthase; heat stress; colon ID EPIDERMOID A-431 CELLS; MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; JURKAT T-LYMPHOCYTES; OXIDE SYNTHASE; HEMORRHAGIC-SHOCK; IN-VIVO; POOLS; TRANSLOCATION; PHYSIOLOGY; (I) AB N omega-nitro-L-arginine (LNNA) inhibits the synthesis of heat shock proteins in animals and cultured cells exposed to heat stress. Heat shock protein synthesis is known to be Ca2+-dependent. In this study, we have characterized the effect of LNNA on [Ca2+](i) before and after heat stress in human colon carcinoma T84 cells. In untreated cells incubated in the presence of external Ca2+, the resting [Ca2+](i) was 201+/-3 nM. If these cells were exposed to 45 degrees C for 10 min, [Ca2+](i) increased by 50+/-2%. Preincubation with LNNA (100 mu M) without subsequent heating led to a decrease in [Ca2+](i) in a LNNA concentration-dependent manner. Preincubation with LNNA followed by heating increased [Ca2+](i) to levels 88+/-5% greater than cells heated without LNNA pretreatment. Incubating cells in medium without external Ca2+ (no heating, no LNNA treatment) lowered resting [Ca2+](i) to 115+/-2 nM and greatly reduced the increase in [Ca2+](i) observed if cells were heated in the presence of Ca2+, indicating that external Ca2+ plays an important role in the maintenance of [Ca2+](i) in T84 cells. With external Ca2+ absent, LNNA pretreatment further reduced [Ca2+](i) in unheated cells, and heating failed to enhance [Ca2+](i). We determined (with external Ca2+ present) that the heat-stress induced increase in [Ca2+](i) in T84 cells was blocked by dichlorobenzamil, a Na+/Ca2+ exchanger inhibitor, suggesting that the exchanger mediates Ca2+ entry. The median inhibitory concentration (IC50) in cells not treated with LNNA was 0.970+/-0.028 mu M. With LNNA pretreatment, the IC50 was 5.099+/-0.107 mu M. Heat stress of T84 cells did not affect the binding affinity of the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger for external Ca2+, but it increased the maximal velocity of the exchanger. In unheated cells, preincubation with LNNA decreased the binding affinity of the exchanger for Ca2+, but after heat treatment, both the binding affinity and maximal velocity of the exchanger increased. Our data are consistent with the idea that LNNA affects the activity of the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger. We also determined there are intracellular Ca2+ pools in T84 cells sensitive to thapsigargin, monensin, and ionomycin. Treatment with TMB-8, a blocker of Ca2+ sequestration and mobilization, or ionomycin inhibited the LNNA-induced decrease in [Ca2+](i) observed in the absence of external Ca2+, suggesting that LNNA promotes Ca2+ sequestration. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Mil Casualty Res, Dept Cellular Injury, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Armed Forces Radiobiol Res Inst, Appl Cellular Radiobiol Dept, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Kiang, JG (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Mil Casualty Res, Dept Cellular Injury, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM Dr._Juliann_Kiang@WRSMTP-ccmail.army.mil NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHINESE PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI TAIPEI PA NATL YANG-MING UNIV, TAIPEI, TAIWAN SN 0304-4920 J9 CHINESE J PHYSIOL JI Chin. J. Physiol. PD SEP 30 PY 1999 VL 42 IS 3 BP 153 EP 159 PG 7 WC Physiology SC Physiology GA 242PR UT WOS:000082950000006 PM 10707889 ER PT J AU Ahn, A Schoepp, RJ Sternberg, D Kielian, M AF Ahn, A Schoepp, RJ Sternberg, D Kielian, M TI Growth and stability of a cholesterol-independent Semliki Forest virus mutant in mosquitoes SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID MEMBRANE-FUSION; PH; INFECTION; EVOLUTION; MUTATION; CELLS; ENTRY; EXIT AB Semliki Forest virus (SFV) is an enveloped alphavirus that is transmitted in the wild by mosquito vectors. In tissue culture cells, SFV requires cholesterol in the cell membrane both for virus membrane fusion and for the efficient exit of progeny virus from the cell. A previously isolated SN mutant, srf-3, is strikingly less cholesterol-dependent for virus fusion, exit, and growth due to a single amino acid change in the E1 spike protein subunit, proline 226 to serine. Here we show that when mosquitoes were infected by intrathoracic injection at a range of virus multiplicities, the growth of srf-3 was significantly more rapid than that of wild-type virus, particularly at low multiplicity infection. The differential cholesterol requirements for wild-type and srf-3 infection were maintained during virus passage through mosquitoes. The presence or absence of cholesterol in the srf-3 virus membrane did not affect its infection properties in mosquitoes. Thus the srf-3 mutation causes a growth advantage in the tissues of the mosquito host (C) 1999 Academic Press. C1 Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Cell Biol, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. USA, Div Pathol, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Kielian, M (reprint author), Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Cell Biol, 1300 Morris Pk Ave, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM57454] NR 22 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD SEP 30 PY 1999 VL 262 IS 2 BP 452 EP 456 DI 10.1006/viro.1999.9932 PG 5 WC Virology SC Virology GA 244FA UT WOS:000083040100017 PM 10502523 ER PT J AU Kecskes, LJ Hall, IW AF Kecskes, LJ Hall, IW TI Microstructural effects in hot-explosively-consolidated W-Ti alloys SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hot explosive consolidation; W-Ti alloy; microstructural properties; processing-structure effects AB Full-density W-Ti alloys have been fabricated by a new, hot-explosive-compaction (HEC) technique. The alloy billets that are formed consist of W grains embedded in a generally discontinuous, preferentially oriented Ti-rich matrix. The effects of the use of different types of precursor powders, the influence of the W:Ti ratio on the dispersability of the W grains in the alloy, and the post-consolidation anneal control of the Ti-rich matrix were of primary interest. The alloy billets were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The major features of the technique and the microstructural properties of the W-Ti alloys are presented. Crown copyright (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Terminal Effects Div, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. Univ Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Kecskes, LJ (reprint author), USA, Terminal Effects Div, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RI Kecskes, Laszlo/F-6880-2014 OI Kecskes, Laszlo/0000-0002-1342-3729 NR 28 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0924-0136 J9 J MATER PROCESS TECH JI J. Mater. Process. Technol. PD SEP 29 PY 1999 VL 94 IS 2-3 BP 247 EP 260 DI 10.1016/S0924-0136(99)00077-1 PG 14 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 248WW UT WOS:000083300600026 ER PT J AU Munavalli, S Rohrbaugh, DK Rossman, DI McMahon, LR Durst, HD AF Munavalli, S Rohrbaugh, DK Rossman, DI McMahon, LR Durst, HD TI Trifluoromethylthiocopper-mediated oxirane ring opening SO JOURNAL OF ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE free radical oxirane ring cleavage; styrene oxide; trifluoromethylthiocopper ID HIGHLY REGIOSELECTIVE CONVERSION; TRIMETHYLSILYL CYANIDE; GRIGNARD-REAGENTS; LITHIUM HALIDES; EPOXIDES; HALOHYDRINS; BIS(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)TRISULFIDE; FLUOROHYDRINS; CLEAVAGE; BROMIDE AB The reaction of styrene oxide with trifluoromethylthiocopper furnishes seven compounds; all arising from the free radical cleavage of the oxirane ring. The mechanism of the formation and mass spectral characterization of the various products are described in this communication. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Geocenters Inc, Gunpowder Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Munavalli, S (reprint author), Geocenters Inc, Gunpowder Branch, POB 68, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 49 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0022-328X J9 J ORGANOMET CHEM JI J. Organomet. Chem. PD SEP 25 PY 1999 VL 587 IS 2 BP 160 EP 164 DI 10.1016/S0022-328X(99)00272-7 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 238DV UT WOS:000082696400002 ER PT J AU Taylor, AJ Gorman, P Kenwood, B Tashko, G Virmani, R AF Taylor, AJ Gorman, P Kenwood, B Tashko, G Virmani, R TI A comparison of 4 stent designs on arterial injury, cellular proliferation, neointima formation and arterial dimensions in an experimental porcine model. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 245 WEST 17TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0002-9149 J9 AM J CARDIOL JI Am. J. Cardiol. PD SEP 22 PY 1999 VL 84 IS 6A SU S BP 15P EP 15P PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 238PX UT WOS:000082719600035 ER PT J AU Carrieri, AH Barditch, IF Owens, DJ Roese, ES Lim, PI Talbard, MV AF Carrieri, AH Barditch, IF Owens, DJ Roese, ES Lim, PI Talbard, MV TI Thermal luminescence sensor for ground-path contamination detection SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; INFRARED DETECTION; EMISSION; REFLECTANCE; IDENTIFICATION; ABSORPTION; COATINGS; SPECTRA AB A standoff method of detecting Liquids on terrestrial and synthetic landscapes is presented. The interstitial liquid layers are identified through their unique molecular vibration modes in the 7.14-14.29-mu m middle infrared (fingerprint) region of liberated thermal luminescence. Several seconds of 2.45-GHz beam exposure at 1.5 W cm(-1) is sufficient for detecting polydimethyl siloxane lightly wetting the soil through its fundamental Si-CH3 and Si-O-Si stretching modes in the fingerprint region. A detection window of thermal opportunity opens as the surface attains maximum thermal gradient following irradiation by the microwave beam. The contaminant is revealed inside this window by means of a simple difference-spectrum measurement. Our goal is to reduce the time needed for optimum detection of the contaminant's thermal spectrum to a subsecond exposure from a limited intensity beam. (C) 1999 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: 300.6300, 120.0280, 070.5010, 070.4790, 040.3060. C1 USA, Soldier & Biol Chem Command, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Quetron Syst Inc, Forest Hill, MD 21050 USA. RP Carrieri, AH (reprint author), USA, Soldier & Biol Chem Command, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, 5183 Blackhawk Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM arthur.carrieri@sbccom.apgea.army.mil NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD SEP 20 PY 1999 VL 38 IS 27 BP 5880 EP 5886 DI 10.1364/AO.38.005880 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 239PX UT WOS:000082779600025 PM 18324103 ER PT J AU Ebert, AD Wechselberger, C Frank, S Wallace-Jones, B Seno, M Martinez-Lacaci, I Bianco, C De Santis, M Weitzel, HK Salomon, DS AF Ebert, AD Wechselberger, C Frank, S Wallace-Jones, B Seno, M Martinez-Lacaci, I Bianco, C De Santis, M Weitzel, HK Salomon, DS TI Cripto-1 induces phosphatidylinositol 3 '-kinase-dependent phosphorylation of AKT and glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta in human cervical carcinoma cells SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MAMMARY EPITHELIAL-CELLS; BETA-CATENIN; SURVIVAL; PROTEIN; APOPTOSIS; PATHWAY; IDENTIFICATION; ACTIVATION; RECEPTORS; CLEAVAGE AB Cripto-1 (CR-1), a member of the epidermal growth factor-CFC peptide family, activates the ras/raf/mitogen-activated protein/extracellular signal-regulated kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. In the present study, the role of CR-1 in the phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase (PI3K)/AKT (protein kinase B)/glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK-3 beta)dependent signaling pathway was evaluated in human SiHa cervical carcinoma cells. Our data demonstrate that CR-1 can enhance the tyrosine phosphorylation of the p85 regulatory subunit of PI3K and transiently induce the phosphorylation of AKT in a time- and dose-dependent manner. In addition, CR-1 was found to induce the phosphorylation of GSK-3 beta. Phosphorylation of AKT and GSK-3 beta by CR-1 can be blocked by LY294002, a specific inhibitor of PI3K;, thus leading to apoptosis. Finally, the apoptotic effect of LY294002 can be partially rescued by exogenous CR-1. In summary, our data suggest that human CR-1 may function as a survival factor through a PI3K-dependent signaling pathway involving AKT and GSK-3 beta. C1 NCI, Tumor Immunol & Biol Lab, Tumor Growth Factor Sect, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NINDS, Surg Neurol Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Free Univ Berlin, Med Ctr Benjamin Franklin, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, D-12200 Berlin, Germany. Okayama Univ, Dept Biosci & Biotechnol, Fac Engn, Okayama 7008530, Japan. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Mol Pathol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Salomon, DS (reprint author), NCI, Tumor Immunol & Biol Lab, Tumor Growth Factor Sect, NIH, Bldg 10,Room 5B39,10 Ctr Dr,MSC-1750, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM davetgfa@helix.nih.gov RI SENO, Masaharu /B-2092-2011 OI SENO, Masaharu /0000-0001-8547-6259 NR 26 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 0008-5472 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD SEP 15 PY 1999 VL 59 IS 18 BP 4502 EP 4505 PG 4 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 235KV UT WOS:000082541600003 PM 10493495 ER PT J AU Harlan, DM Kirk, AD AF Harlan, DM Kirk, AD TI The future of organ and tissue transplantation - Can T-cell costimulatory pathway modifiers revolutionize the prevention of graft rejection? SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID CARDIAC ALLOGRAFT-REJECTION; LONG-TERM ACCEPTANCE; ISLET ALLOGRAFTS; CD40 LIGAND; LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDERS; ACTIVATION ANTIGEN-B7; DENDRITIC CELL; BLOCKADE; CTLA-4; EXPRESSION AB Transplantation therapies have revolutionized care for patients with endstage organ (kidney, liver, heart, lung, and pancreatic g-cell) failure, yet significant problems persist with treatments designed to prevent graft rejection. Antirejection therapies are not always effective, must be taken daily, and are both expensive and associated with well-known toxic effects; Recent advances have suggested that the immune system has more self-regulatory capability than previously appreciated. In this review, we discuss immune system function and new therapeutic agents that modify so-called costimulatory receptor signaling to support transplant function without generally suppressing the immune system. C1 NIDDK, USN, Med Res Ctr, Transplantat & Autoimmun Branch, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Organ Transplant Serv, Washington, DC USA. RP Harlan, DM (reprint author), NIDDK, USN, Med Res Ctr, Transplantat & Autoimmun Branch, 8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RI Kirk, Allan/B-6905-2012 NR 67 TC 51 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 15 PY 1999 VL 282 IS 11 BP 1076 EP 1082 DI 10.1001/jama.282.11.1076 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 234YQ UT WOS:000082512300033 PM 10493208 ER PT J AU Anker, DS Merkle, LD AF Anker, DS Merkle, LD TI Ion-ion upconversion excitation of the 4f5d configuration in Pr : Y3Al5O12 - Experiments and Forster theory-based rate equation model SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID YTTRIUM-ALUMINUM-GARNET; ULTRAVIOLET-LASER; PR3+-Y3AL5O12 AB We observe visible pumping of the ultraviolet 4f5d emission of Pr3+ in Y3Al5O12 by ion-ion upconversion. This process contributes significantly to the 4f5d population, indicating that it should be taken into account (along with excited state absorption) when Pr hosts are evaluated for possible upconversion pumped laser operation in the ultraviolet. In addition, we find that a single, time-independent energy transfer parameter cannot explain the observed 4f5d decay wave forms, but that the familiar Forster theory for range-dependent strength of energy transfer can be adapted to explain the main features of our data. Forster theory leads to a formula which the authors believe can be used to assess the potential for upconversion-based lasing on specific transitions. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(99)07818-4]. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Ctr Army Anal, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. Univ Houston, Dept Nat Sci, Houston, TX 77002 USA. RP Anker, DS (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 15 PY 1999 VL 86 IS 6 BP 2933 EP 2940 DI 10.1063/1.371151 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 230BU UT WOS:000082232400001 ER PT J AU Maier, RS Kroll, DM Davis, HT Bernard, RS AF Maier, RS Kroll, DM Davis, HT Bernard, RS TI Simulation of flow in bidisperse sphere packings SO JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE random packing; porosity; permeability; lattice-Boltzmann ID POROUS-MEDIA; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; LIQUID PERMEATION; NMR MEASUREMENTS; STOKES-FLOW; BEAD PACKS; PERMEABILITY; PARTICLES; POROSITY AB Simulation methods were used to construct bidisperse, random sphere packings and to calculate fluid velocities in the pore spaces under a uniform pressure gradient. Based on these calculations, the Kozeny-Carman (KC) relation was found to hold for monodisperse and bidisperse sphere packings (r(1)/r(2) = 2.6) over a range of compositions and Reynolds numbers, using the same KC parameter value (C = 5). These results are consistent with a stronger observation about the similarity of the pore-size and flow distributions, Pore-size distributions were Gaussian for all the simulated packings, and for all bidisperse mixtures and Reynolds numbers examined, the normalized longitudinal velocity distribution collapses onto an exponential distribution when scaled by the mean velocity, (C) 1999 Academic Press. C1 USA, High Performance Comp Res Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55415 USA. Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Supercomp Inst, Minneapolis, MN 55415 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Med Chem, Minneapolis, MN 55415 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Maier, RS (reprint author), USA, High Performance Comp Res Ctr, 1100 Washington Ave S, Minneapolis, MN 55415 USA. NR 30 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9797 J9 J COLLOID INTERF SCI JI J. Colloid Interface Sci. PD SEP 15 PY 1999 VL 217 IS 2 BP 341 EP 347 DI 10.1006/jcis.1999.6372 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 239VG UT WOS:000082789900012 ER PT J AU Stroscio, MA Dutta, M AF Stroscio, MA Dutta, M TI Damping of nonequilibrium acoustic phonon modes in a semiconductor quantum dot SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MICROPHOTOLUMINESCENCE; LASERS AB Femtosecond measurement techniques have been applied previously to determine the damping rate of nonequilibrium acoustic phonon modes in a spherical quantum dot. In this account, the elastic continuum model of acoustic phonons is applied to model theoretically the damping rate of such nonequilibrium acoustic phonons. These calculations suggest that mechanical damping is a dominant mechanism for the previously observed damping. [S0163-1829(99)09835-5]. C1 USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Stroscio, MA (reprint author), USA, Res Off, POB 12211, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 15 PY 1999 VL 60 IS 11 BP 7722 EP 7724 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.60.7722 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 244VC UT WOS:000083070600014 ER PT J AU Kiselev, AA Kim, KW Stroscio, MA AF Kiselev, AA Kim, KW Stroscio, MA TI Calculational approach for the structure of electron and hole levels in quantum dots of varying shape SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CLEAVED-EDGE-OVERGROWTH; STATES; WELLS AB Another approach to the calculation of electron and hole states in quantum dots is proposed. It benefits from the particular choice of products of powers of Cartesian coordinates as a basis, since it is possible to evaluate all required matrix elements analytically for these systems. A variety of dot shapes in the presence of external electric fields can be analyzed conveniently. This approach provides a way to calculate quantum dot ensemble averages quickly and effectively. [S0163-1829(99)09235-8]. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Kiselev, AA (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 15 PY 1999 VL 60 IS 11 BP 7748 EP 7751 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.60.7748 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 244VC UT WOS:000083070600021 ER PT J AU Karwacki, CJ Tevault, DE Mahle, JJ Buchanan, JH Buettner, LC AF Karwacki, CJ Tevault, DE Mahle, JJ Buchanan, JH Buettner, LC TI Adsorption equilibria of isopropyl methylphosphonofluoridate (GB) on activated carbon at ultralow relative pressures SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID GAS AB Adsorption equilibria are reported for isopropyl methylphosphonofluoridate (GB) on activated carbon at relative pressures (p(i)/p(s)) approaching 10(-10) and temperatures between 30 and 100 degrees C. A novel desorption method and analytical apparatus employing purge-and-trap chromatography (PTC) were used to overcome the difficulties in quantifying the vapor phase at ultralow concentrations ( < 1 ppb). The use of desorption-PTC analysis has extended the detection threshold range by several decades over that of conventional volumetric methods. C1 USA, Edgewood Res Dev & Engn Ctr, SCBRD, RTE, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Karwacki, CJ (reprint author), USA, Edgewood Res Dev & Engn Ctr, SCBRD, RTE, E3549, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 7 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD SEP 14 PY 1999 VL 15 IS 19 BP 6343 EP 6345 DI 10.1021/la9814788 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 236RY UT WOS:000082618800030 ER PT J AU Ritchie, SMC Bachas, LG Olin, T Sikdar, SK Bhattacharyya, D AF Ritchie, SMC Bachas, LG Olin, T Sikdar, SK Bhattacharyya, D TI Surface modification of silica- and cellulose-based microfiltration membranes with functional polyamino acids for heavy metal sorption SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; GEL; IONS; ADSORPTION; PRECONCENTRATION; TRANSITION; SEPARATION; COMPLEXES; BEHAVIOR AB Functionalized membranes represent a field with multiple applications. Examination of specific metal macromolecule interactions on these surfaces presents an excellent method for characterization of these materials. These interactions may also be exploited for heavy metal sorption from drinking and industrial water sources. Various low-capacity, silica-based ion-exchange and chelating sorbents (about 0.5 mmol of metal/g of resin) are available for treatment of such waters. Cellulosic membrane-based sorbents, functionalized with polyamino acids, present an excellent approach for high-capacity (3 - 14 mmol of metal/g of sorbent) metal sorption. Silica-based membrane sorbents possess metal sorption capacities approaching those of cellulosic-based membranes, with the added benefits of excellent acid and solvent resistance. Metal sorption capacities of silica-based membrane sorbents with various polyamino acids range from 0.6 mmol to 1.4 mmol of metal/g of sorbent. Ion exchange, chelation, and electrostatic interactions form the basis of metal sorption. Electrostatic interactions are greatly magnified in membrane-based sorbents, and are partly responsible for their high capacities. Regeneration of these sorbents has also been shown, including the possibility for selective desorption of metals. C1 Univ Kentucky, Dept Chem & Mat Sci, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. USA, Engr CEWES CT, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Chem, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. RP Bhattacharyya, D (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Chem & Mat Sci, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. RI Bachas, Leonidas/G-2479-2015; OI Bachas, Leonidas/0000-0002-3308-6264 NR 39 TC 67 Z9 68 U1 2 U2 30 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD SEP 14 PY 1999 VL 15 IS 19 BP 6346 EP 6357 DI 10.1021/la9814438 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 236RY UT WOS:000082618800031 ER PT J AU Myneni, K Barr, TA Corron, NJ Pethel, SD AF Myneni, K Barr, TA Corron, NJ Pethel, SD TI New method for the control of fast chaotic oscillations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DIODE RESONATOR; SYSTEM; ORBITS; LASER AB We introduce a new method of controlling chaos that retains the essential features of occasional proportional feedback, but is much simpler to implement. We demonstrate control on a simple piecewise-linear Rossler circuit operating near 1 kHz and a Colpitts oscillator with a fundamental frequency of 19 MHz. As a result of the simplicity of our technique, control of chaos has been accomplished for the fastest chaotic system reported to date. C1 Sci Applicat Int Corp, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. Dynet Inc, Huntsville, AL 35814 USA. USA, Missile Command, AMSAM RD WS ST, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Sci Applicat Int Corp, 6725 Odyssey Dr, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. OI Corron, Ned/0000-0002-3232-5024 NR 16 TC 46 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 13 PY 1999 VL 83 IS 11 BP 2175 EP 2178 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.2175 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 234LC UT WOS:000082485300020 ER PT J AU Bukowski, R Szalewicz, K Chabalowski, CF AF Bukowski, R Szalewicz, K Chabalowski, CF TI Ab initio interaction potentials for simulations of dimethylnitramine solutions in supercritical carbon dioxide with cosolvents SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID ADAPTED PERTURBATION-THEORY; INTERMOLECULAR INTERACTION ENERGIES; LIQUID ACETONITRILE; 3-SITE MODEL; BASIS-SETS; COEFFICIENTS; ATOMS; CO2 AB Symmetry-adapted perturbation theory has been employed recalculate ab initio potential energy surfaces for complexes involved in the process of dissolving dimethylnitramine in supercritical carbon dioxide in the presence of acetonitrile or methyl alcohol as cosolvents. Site-site fits with correct asymptotic behavior have been developed for all potentials. The new potential energy surfaces can be used, along with the previously reported ones for carbon dioxide and carbon dioxide-acetonitrile dimers, in fully ab initio simulations of supercritical extraction processes. The physical interpretation of the features of the interaction potential energy surfaces resulting from the present approach challenges the established literature interpretations in terms of electrostatics only. C1 Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Univ Warsaw, Dept Chem, Quantum Chem Lab, PL-02093 Warsaw, Poland. USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Bukowski, R (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. NR 47 TC 68 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD SEP 9 PY 1999 VL 103 IS 36 BP 7322 EP 7340 DI 10.1021/jp991212p PG 19 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 235YG UT WOS:000082571000024 ER PT J AU Hemphill, RR Santen, SA Kleinschmidt, PE AF Hemphill, RR Santen, SA Kleinschmidt, PE TI Delayed presentation after head injury: Is a computed tomography scan necessary? SO ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE head injury; closed; delayed; brain injury; skull fracture; emergency department; computed tomography ID TRAUMATIC INTRACRANIAL HEMATOMA; EPIDURAL HEMATOMA; SPAT-APOPLEXIE; PREDICTORS C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium, Emergency Med Residency, San Antonio, TX USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium, Emergency Med Residency, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Hemphill, RR (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium, Emergency Med Residency, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU HANLEY & BELFUS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 210 S 13TH ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19107 USA SN 1069-6563 J9 ACAD EMERG MED JI Acad. Emerg. Med. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 6 IS 9 BP 957 EP 960 DI 10.1111/j.1553-2712.1999.tb01248.x PG 4 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 233VD UT WOS:000082447200018 PM 10490261 ER PT J AU Miskiewicz, A Letowski, T AF Miskiewicz, A Letowski, T TI Psychoacoustics in the automotive industry SO ACUSTICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Symposium of the European-Acoustics-Association CY JAN 20-22, 1997 CL EINDHOVEN, NETHERLANDS SP European Acoust Assoc AB Sound quality assessment has become an integral part of product design in the automotive industry. Car manufacturers have realized that the sound produced by vehicles is not only a noise pollutant but also a desired acoustic signal which provides feedback to a driver and conveys information about the functioning of the car. Moreover, many customers believe that sound quality gives them an idea of the quality of the vehicle. Since extensive research studies on sound quality are conducted by the automotive industry, noise control engineers and car designers need education in psychoacoustics and other areas related to sound quality judgment or assessment. Listeners who take part in jury panels need systematic listening skills training. This paper describes the basic areas of psychoacoustic research that are of interest to the automotive industry. The article also discusses an educational program in sound quality assessment for automotive engineers and a method for training technical listening skills, developed for people involved in the perceptual evaluation of car sounds. C1 Chopin Acad Mus, Dept Sound Engn, PL-00368 Warsaw, Poland. USA, Res Lab, HRED ART, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Miskiewicz, A (reprint author), Chopin Acad Mus, Dept Sound Engn, Okolnik 2, PL-00368 Warsaw, Poland. NR 1 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU S HIRZEL VERLAG PI STUTTGART PA POSTFACH 10 10 61, D-70 009 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0001-7884 J9 ACUSTICA JI Acustica PD SEP-OCT PY 1999 VL 85 IS 5 BP 646 EP 649 PG 4 WC Acoustics SC Acoustics GA 246ZV UT WOS:000083196900015 ER PT J AU Weinberg, JM Turiansky, GW James, WD AF Weinberg, JM Turiansky, GW James, WD TI Clinical case report - Viral folliculitis SO AIDS PATIENT CARE AND STDS LA English DT Article ID HERPES-SIMPLEX; MOLLUSCUM CONTAGIOSUM; ZOSTER AB Viral folliculitis is an infrequently reported entity. We describe two patients with viral folliculitides, including a case of herpetic sycosis caused by herpes simplex (HSV) and a case of herpes tester (HZ) without blisters. Clinicians should consider viral etiologies in the differential diagnosis of superficial infectious folliculitis, especially those cases refractory to antibacterial or antifungal therapy. C1 Columbia Univ, St Lukes Roosevelt Hosp Ctr, Dept Dermatol, New York, NY 10025 USA. Jamaica Hosp Med Ctr, Dept Med, Jamaica, NY USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dermatol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Dermatol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Weinberg, JM (reprint author), Columbia Univ, St Lukes Roosevelt Hosp Ctr, Dept Dermatol, 1090 Amsterdam Ave,Suite 110, New York, NY 10025 USA. NR 8 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1087-2914 J9 AIDS PATIENT CARE ST JI Aids Patient Care STDS PD SEP PY 1999 VL 13 IS 9 BP 513 EP 516 DI 10.1089/apc.1999.13.513 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 241EQ UT WOS:000082870100002 PM 10813030 ER PT J AU Keith, B AF Keith, B TI The institutional context of departmental prestige in American higher education SO AMERICAN EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SCIENTIFIC PRODUCTIVITY; SCIENCE; RATINGS; CAREER AB Departmental ratings for research doctorate programs in the United States are frequently placed within a theoretical framework! that represents an egalitarian science enterprise based on the meritorious performance of their faculty and students. From this viewpoint, there is no need to examine the institutional context of academic departments because distinction is viewed as a matter of merit rather than affiliation. Juxtaposed to this perspective, the present inquiry, based on data from three comparable national studies of research doctorate programs, presents evidence that the ratings reflect a contextual property representative of the university and not various performance-based departmental attributes. In effect, academic departments within universities are found to be quite similar to one another with respect to external raters' perceptions of their "quality." The importance of this finding rests not with the relative ranking of departments or universities to one another but in the discovery that departmental status operates primarily within a stable institutional context. Administrative policy implications of these findings, which are relevant to both faculty leaders and institutional decision makers, are discussed in light of current perspectives on the use of departmental ratings. C1 US Mil Acad, Off Dean MADNAAD, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Keith, B (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Off Dean MADNAAD, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 85 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1230 17TH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-3078 USA SN 0002-8312 J9 AM EDUC RES J JI Am. Educ. Res. J. PD FAL PY 1999 VL 36 IS 3 BP 409 EP 445 DI 10.2307/1163546 PG 37 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA 323HL UT WOS:000087560000002 ER PT J AU Gray, GC Smith, TC Knoke, JD Heller, JM AF Gray, GC Smith, TC Knoke, JD Heller, JM TI The postwar hospitalization experience of Gulf War veterans possibly exposed to chemical munitions destruction at Khamisiyah, Iraq SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 125th Annual Meeting of the American-Public-Health-Association CY NOV 10, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Public Hlth Assoc DE environmental exposure; hospitalization; military medicine; military personnel; morbidity; Persian Gulf syndrome; veterans ID DESERT-STORM; US VETERANS; ILLNESSES; SYMPTOMS AB Using Department of Defense hospital data, the authors examined the postwar hospitalization experience from March 1991 through September 1995 of US Gulf War veterans who were near Khamisiyah, Iraq, during nerve agent munition destruction in March 1991, Multiple sources of meteorologic, munition, and toxicology data were used to circumscribe geographic areas of low level, vaporized nerve agent for 4 days after the destruction. Plume estimates were overlaid on military unit positions, and exposure was estimated for the 349,291 US Army Gulf War veterans. Exposure was classified as not exposed (n = 224,804), uncertain low dose exposure (n = 75,717), and specific estimated subclinical exposure (n = 48,770) categorized into three groups for dose-response evaluation. Using Cox proportional hazard modeling, the authors compared the postwar experiences of these exposure groups for hospitalization due to any cause, for diagnoses in 15 unique categories, and for specific diagnoses an expert panel proposed as most likely to reflect latent disease from such subclinical exposure, There was little evidence that veterans possibly exposed to the nerve agent plumes experienced unusual postwar morbidity, While there were several differences in hospitalization risk, none of the models suggested a dose-response relation or neurologic sequelae, These data, having a number of limitations, do not support the hypothesis that Gulf War veterans are suffering postwar morbidity from subclinical nerve agent exposure. C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Emerging Illness Div, Dept Hlth Sci & Epidemiol, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Deployment Environm Surveillance Program, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Gray, GC (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Emerging Illness Div, Dept Hlth Sci & Epidemiol, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 30 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 1 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD SEP 1 PY 1999 VL 150 IS 5 BP 532 EP 540 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 231DL UT WOS:000082292800014 PM 10472954 ER PT J AU Morse, JW Marion, GM AF Morse, JW Marion, GM TI The role of carbonates in the evolution of early martian oceans SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID METEORITE ALH84001; EARLY MARS; MINERAL SOLUBILITIES; TERRESTRIAL PLANETS; NATURAL-WATERS; LIQUID WATER; CLIMATE; SYSTEM; 25-DEGREES-C; MODEL AB Central to the question of Life on Mars is whether there has been liquid water on the martian surface and how the planet could have evolved from possible initial warm and wet conditions to the cold and dry present state. Virtually all models for this climatic evolution rely strongly on the removal of an initial thick carbon dioxide atmosphere by precipitation of carbonate minerals from surface waters that may have been quite similar to those of Hadean Eon Earth's oceans. In order for this to occur, a hydrologic cycle would be necessary in which chemical weathering of silicate rocks consumes CO2 that precipitates as carbonates in an acidic martian ocean which probably had a very high alkalinity. The consumption of atmospheric CO2 by this process would result in a gradual decrease of the atmospheric greenhouse influence and cooling of the climate. Once the surface of Mars became cold enough so that freezing conditions prevailed the hydrologic cycle would largely cease, and the uptake of CO2 by silicate rock weathering would greatly diminish. The alkalinity of the freezing seawater would probably be sufficient to result in the removal of all calcium as calcium carbonate. Some magnesium and sodium would also likely be removed as carbonates as well. The removal of these cations as carbonates has a major influence on the final temperature at which liquid brines would be able to persist on the surface of Mars. During the period of freezing, the oceans would act as a source of CO2 rather than a sink, further slowing the rate of climate change on Mars. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Corps Engineers, Dept Army, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Morse, JW (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 78 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 8 PU KLINE GEOLOGY LABORATORY PI NEW HAVEN PA YALE UNIV, NEW HAVEN, CT 06520-8109 USA SN 0002-9599 J9 AM J SCI JI Am. J. Sci. PD SEP-NOV PY 1999 VL 299 IS 7-9 BP 738 EP 761 DI 10.2475/ajs.299.7-9.738 PG 24 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 263RM UT WOS:000084139100011 ER PT J AU Clark, KL Howell, RM Scott, RM Vaughn, DW Shrestha, MP Longer, CF Innis, BL AF Clark, KL Howell, RM Scott, RM Vaughn, DW Shrestha, MP Longer, CF Innis, BL TI The socioeconomic impact of hepatitis E in Nepal SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID E VIRUS; EPIDEMIC; OUTBREAK; DISEASE AB Hepatitis E disease is responsible for substantial morbidity in Nepal. A socioeconomic analysis was performed to describe the costs and the effects of hepatitis E disease (HE) on health status in a Nepalese population living in the Kathmandu Valley. A modified health status index was used to quantify healthy days lost associated with HE. One hundred thirty-four individuals recently recovered from HE were interviewed in June 1998. The median age was 22 years and 60% were female. Study participants were sick and bedridden for a median of 22 and 10 days, respectively. The median healthy days lost per individual was 35 (768,000 total per region). The median cost of illness per individual, including direct and indirect, was $37 ($1,238,676 total per region). The percentage of yearly income lost for wage earners totaled 19.4%. Hepatitis E disease is associated with significant costs and loss of healthy days in Nepal. Further research is warranted to understand and limit this common disease. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Virus Dis, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Prevent Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Div Infect Dis, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Virol, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. RP Vaughn, DW (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Virus Dis, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 61 IS 3 BP 505 EP 510 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 238EK UT WOS:000082697800031 PM 10497999 ER PT J AU Havenstrite, KA Harris, JA Rivera, DE AF Havenstrite, KA Harris, JA Rivera, DE TI Splenic flexure volvulus in association with Chilaiditi syndrome: Report of a case SO AMERICAN SURGEON LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 67th Annual Scientific Meeting and Postgraduate Course Program, Southeastern Surgical Congress CY FEB 13-17, 1999 CL TAMPA, FLORIDA ID COLON AB Hepatodiaphragmatic interposition of the intestine, or Chilaiditi syndrome, is uncommon and typically asymptomatic, but it can be associated with symptoms ranging from intermittent, mild abdominal pain to acute intestinal obstruction. Factors such as the interruption or absence of peritoneal attachments and redundant colon with a long mesentery predispose to both Chilaiditi syndrome and colonic volvulus. The presence of hepatodiaphragmatic interposition of the intestine requires no specific treatment in the absence of symptoms. Colonic volvulus in association with Chilaiditi syndrome is treated based on the location of the volvulus. Volvulus of the splenic flexure is typically treated with resection and primary anastomosis. We report only the third case of colonic volvulus in association with Chilaiditi syndrome and the first with volvulus of the splenic flexure. C1 Dwight David Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. RP Harris, JA (reprint author), Dwight David Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. NR 5 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHEASTERN SURGICAL CONGRESS PI ATLANTA PA 141 WEST WIEUCA RD, STE B100, ATLANTA, GA 30342 USA SN 0003-1348 J9 AM SURGEON JI Am. Surg. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 65 IS 9 BP 874 EP 876 PG 3 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 232TZ UT WOS:000082387200023 PM 10484093 ER PT J AU Ammon, JB Patel, R Walker, SC Shepherd, JM AF Ammon, JB Patel, R Walker, SC Shepherd, JM TI Methadone is an effective alternative to fentanyl in the intraoperative analgesic management of orthopedic patients SO ANESTHESIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0003-3022 J9 ANESTHESIOLOGY JI Anesthesiology PD SEP PY 1999 VL 91 IS 3A SU S MA A935 BP U398 EP U398 PG 1 WC Anesthesiology SC Anesthesiology GA 234JH UT WOS:000082480600934 ER PT J AU Fontana, JL Mongan, PD AF Fontana, JL Mongan, PD TI Intravenous halothane lipid emulsion is less of a myocardial depressant then inhaled halothane SO ANESTHESIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0003-3022 J9 ANESTHESIOLOGY JI Anesthesiology PD SEP PY 1999 VL 91 IS 3A SU S MA A415 BP U235 EP U235 PG 1 WC Anesthesiology SC Anesthesiology GA 234JH UT WOS:000082480600417 ER PT J AU Gehrke, M Weenser, KA Walker, SC Shepherd, JM Chavez, S AF Gehrke, M Weenser, KA Walker, SC Shepherd, JM Chavez, S TI Diluted and undiluted characteristics of bank blood SO ANESTHESIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0003-3022 J9 ANESTHESIOLOGY JI Anesthesiology PD SEP PY 1999 VL 91 IS 3A SU S MA A248 BP U190 EP U190 PG 1 WC Anesthesiology SC Anesthesiology GA 234JH UT WOS:000082480600249 ER PT J AU Lim, CS Kim, YK Lee, KN Kim, MJ Kim, KH Kim, DS Strickman, D AF Lim, CS Kim, YK Lee, KN Kim, MJ Kim, KH Kim, DS Strickman, D TI Response to chloroquine of Plasmodium vivax among South Korean soldiers SO ANNALS OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Review AB The response to standard chloroquine treatment was evaluated, by microscopical examination of blood-smears, among 81 soldiers diagnosed with Plasmodium vivax malaria in South Korea in 1996. The smears were prepared pre-treatment and 3, 14 and 28 days after starting chemotherapy. Parasitaemias were determined after staining the smears with Giemsa's stain. Blood samples from the patients who were not smear-negative by day 3 were carefully checked for parasites, by staining smears with Acridine Orange and by a PCR-based assay. Only two of the patients appeared to be parasitaemic on day 14 and were therefore considered treatment failures. Although both were apparently cured after additional therapy with the same regimen, one had a recurrence 8 months later. Most cases of recent, resurgent malaria in South Korea therefore appear to sensitive to chloroquine. C1 Korea Univ, Ansan Hosp, Dept Clin Pathol, Ansan 425020, South Korea. Korea Univ, Anam Hosp, Dept Clin Pathol, Seoul 136705, South Korea. Korea Univ, Guro Hosp, Dept Clin Pathol, Seoul 152703, South Korea. Korea Univ, Anam Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Seoul 136705, South Korea. Hanllym Univ, Dept Social Med, Seoul 150037, South Korea. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Lim, CS (reprint author), Korea Univ, Ansan Hosp, Dept Clin Pathol, 516 Gojan Dong, Ansan 425020, South Korea. NR 6 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU CARFAX PUBLISHING PI BASINGSTOKE PA RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 0003-4983 J9 ANN TROP MED PARASIT JI Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 93 IS 6 BP 565 EP 568 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 239QA UT WOS:000082779900003 PM 10707102 ER PT J AU Alpas, H Kalchayanand, N Bozoglu, F Sikes, A Dunne, CP Ray, B AF Alpas, H Kalchayanand, N Bozoglu, F Sikes, A Dunne, CP Ray, B TI Variation in resistance to hydrostatic pressure among strains of food-borne pathogens SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INACTIVATION; MILK AB Among food-borne pathogens, some strains could be resistant to hydrostatic pressure treatment. This information is necessary to establish processing parameters to ensure safety of pressure-pasteurized foods (N. Kalchayanand, A. Sikes, C. P. Dunne, and B. Ray, J. Food Prot. 61:425-431, 1998). We studied variation in pressure resistance among strains of Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Salmonella species at two temperatures of pressurization.. Early-stationary-phase. cells in 1% peptone solution were pressurized at 345 MPa either for 5 min at 25 degrees C or for 5, 10 or 15 min at 50 degrees C. The viability loss tin log cycles) following pressurization at 25 degrees C ranged from 0.9 to 3.5 among nine L. monocytogenes strains, 0.7 to 7.8 among seven S. aureus strains, 2.8 to 5.6 among six E. coli O157:H7 strains, and 5.5 to 8.3 among six Salmonella strains. The results show that at 25 degrees C some strains of each species are more resistant to pressure than the others. However, when one resistant and one sensitive strain from each species were pressurized at 345 MPa and 50 degrees C, the population of all except the resistant, aureus strain was reduced by more than 8 log cycles within 5 min. Viability loss of the resistant S. aureus strain was 6.3 log cycles even after 15 min of pressurization. This shows that strains of food-borne pathogens differ in resistance to hydrostatic pressure (345 MPa) at 25 degrees C, but this difference is greatly reduced at 50 degrees C. Pressurization at 50 degrees C, in place of 25 degrees C, will ensure greater safety of foods. C1 Univ Wyoming, Dept Anim Sci, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Middle E Tech Univ, Dept Food Engn, TR-06531 Ankara, Turkey. USA, Sustainable Directorate, Natick Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Ray, B (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Anim Sci, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM LABCIN@UWYO.EDU OI Alpas, Hami/0000-0002-7683-8796 NR 18 TC 156 Z9 163 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 65 IS 9 BP 4248 EP 4251 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 233HL UT WOS:000082421400075 PM 10473446 ER PT J AU Skaggs, RR Daniel, RG Miziolek, AW McNesby, KL Herud, C Bolt, WR Horton, D AF Skaggs, RR Daniel, RG Miziolek, AW McNesby, KL Herud, C Bolt, WR Horton, D TI Diode laser measurements of HF concentrations produced from heptane/air pan fires extinguished by FE-36, FM-200, FE-36 plus APP, or FM-200 plus APP SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE diode laser; HF; FE-36; FM-200 ID CARBON-MONOXIDE; ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; TEMPERATURE; FLAME; GAS AB Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) is used to measure the time evolution of hydrogen fluoride (HF) concentrations produced from a series of enclosed heptane/air pan fires extinguished by either FE-36, FM-200, FE-36 plus ammonium polyphosphate (APP, or FM-200 plus APP. For the fires studied, the change in HF gas concentration with time is dependent upon the fire-fighting chemical used to extinguish the fire. The presence of APP is observed to reduce HF concentrations in the fire enclosure. Visible attenuation spectroscopy is also used to measure the amount of light attenuation (obscuration) that occurs as a hand-held fire extinguisher containing powdered fire fighting agent is released in the crew; space of a M1-Abrams land combat vehicle. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. USA, Aberdeen Test Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Skaggs, RR (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 53 IS 9 BP 1143 EP 1148 DI 10.1366/0003702991947946 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 244CR UT WOS:000083034700020 ER PT J AU Peterson, JD AF Peterson, JD TI Professionals on the front line: Two decades of the All-Volunteer Force. SO ARMED FORCES & SOCIETY LA English DT Book Review C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Social Sci, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Peterson, JD (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Social Sci, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANSACTION PERIOD CONSORTIUM PI PISCATAWAY PA DEPT 4010, RUTGERS UNIV, 35 BERRUE CIRCLE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08854-8042 USA SN 0095-327X J9 ARMED FORCES SOC JI Armed Forces Soc. PD FAL PY 1999 VL 26 IS 1 BP 154 EP 156 DI 10.1177/0095327X9902600113 PG 3 WC Political Science; Sociology SC Government & Law; Sociology GA 418ET UT WOS:000167878500012 ER PT J AU Lawless, NP Dillard, TA Torrington, KG Davis, HQ Kamimori, G AF Lawless, NP Dillard, TA Torrington, KG Davis, HQ Kamimori, G TI Improvement in hypoxemia at 4600 meters of simulated altitude with carbohydrate ingestion SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE acute mountain sickness; carbohydrate; altitude; hypoxia ID ACUTE MOUNTAIN-SICKNESS; PULMONARY-EDEMA; MODERATE ALTITUDE; HYPOXIA AB Background: Carbohydrate ingestion increases the relative production of carbon dioxide which results in an increase in ventilation in normal individuals. An increase in ventilation at altitude can result in improvement of altitude-induced hypoxemia. Hypothesis: Carbohydrate ingestion Will increase the arterial blood oxygen tension and oxyhemoglobin saturation during acute high altitude simulation. Methods: There were 15 healthy volunteers, aged 18-33 yr, who were given a 4 kcal.kg(-1) oral carbohydrate beverage administered 2.5 h into an exposure to 15,000 ft (4600 m) of simulated altitude (5.5 h after the last meal). Altitude was simulated by having subjects breath a 12% oxygen/balance nitrogen mixture while remaining at sea level. Arterial blood gas samples were drawn at baseline and at regular intervals up to 210 min after carbohydrate ingestion. Subjects were evaluated for AMS by use of the Environmental Symptoms Questionnaire (ESQ) and a weighted average of cerebral symptom score (AMS-C). Results: Baseline PaO2 increased significantly (p < 0.01) from 43.0 +/- 3.0 mmHg at 4600 m before carbohydrate ingestion to 46.8 +/- 6.2 mmHg at 60 min after carbohydrate ingestion. Arterial oxygen saturation rose significantly (p < 0.01) from a baseline of 79.5% +/- 5.1 to 83.8% +/- 6.42 at 60 min. Conclusions: Carbohydrate consumption significantly increased oxygen tension and oxyhemoglobin saturation in arterial blood of normal subjects during simulated altitude. Effects reached statistical significance across all subjects at 60 min. There was no significant difference in arterial oxygen levels or arterial oxygen saturation in subjects who developed AMS vs. these who did not develop AMS. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Lawless, NP (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Med, Dept Resp Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 20 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 70 IS 9 BP 874 EP 878 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 230LK UT WOS:000082252500005 PM 10503752 ER PT J AU Karle, JM Bhattacharjee, AK AF Karle, JM Bhattacharjee, AK TI Stereoelectronic features of the cinchona alkaloids determine their differential antimalarial activity SO BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE malaria; cinchona alkaloids; stereoelectronic properties; ab initio quantum mechanics ID MOLECULAR ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; QUINIDINE; MALARIA; CRYSTAL; AGENTS AB For most potent antimalarial activity, the cinchona alkaloids appear to require certain electronic features, particularly a sufficiently acidic hydroxyl proton and an electric field direction pointing from the aliphatic nitrogen atom towards the quinoline ring. These observations are the result of an analysis of molecular electronic properties of eight cinchona alkaloids and an in vivo metabolite calculated using ab initio 3-21G quantum chemical methods in relation to their in vitro IC50 values against chloroquine-sensitive and chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum parasites. The purpose is to provide a profile of the electronic characteristics necessary for potent antimalarial activity for use in the design of new antimalarial agents and to gain insight into the mechanistic path for antimalarial activity. Distinguishing features of the weakly active epiquinine and epiquinidine include a higher dipole moment, a different direction of the electric field, a greater intrinsic nucleophilicity, lower acidity of the hydroxyl proton, a lesser electron affinity of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals, and a higher proton affinity than the active cinchona alkaloids. A moderately potent quinine metabolite possesses some, but not all, of the same electronic features as the most potent cinchona alkaloids. Both the positioning of the hydroxyl and aliphatic amine groups and their electronic features appear to play a crucial role for antimalarial potency of the cinchona alkaloids, most likely by controlling the ability of these groups to form effective intermolecular hydrogen bonds. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Dept Pharmacol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Karle, JM (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Dept Pharmacol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 34 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0968-0896 J9 BIOORGAN MED CHEM JI Bioorg. Med. Chem. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 7 IS 9 BP 1769 EP 1774 DI 10.1016/S0968-0896(99)00120-0 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 237XU UT WOS:000082682500002 PM 10530923 ER PT J AU DuBose, DA Matthew, C Schroder, E Repique, C Balcius, J Morehouse, D Sils, I AF DuBose, DA Matthew, C Schroder, E Repique, C Balcius, J Morehouse, D Sils, I TI Flow cytometric method using fluorescent microspheres to measure reticuloendothelial function or particulate translocation SO BIOTECHNIC & HISTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE cytometry; microspheres; organ uptake; RES clearance ID SYSTEM AB The reticuloendothelial system (RES) influences the outcome of vascular shock and environmental stress. We describe a procedure that employs now cytometry and 1 mu m fluorescent microspheres (FM) to study RES function. FM (2 x 10(10) beads/kg) were administered via a jugular cannula in Sprague-Dawley rats. After 15 min, blood and tissues were collected and digested in 15% KOH, Phycoerythrin 1 mu m beads were added to each sample as an internal standard and analyzed by now cytometry, FM were preferentially cleared by the spleen, liver and lung. Clearance was confirmed by fluorescent photomicroscopy. Addition of the internal standard to determine accurately aspiration volume enhanced precision. This procedure offers advantages over other RES clearance methods including bacterial, radioactive or carbon clearance assays. Moreover, this method could enhance accuracy, reproducibility and speed of data collection in particulate transport studies that are based on manual microscopy scanning and FM counting. C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Biochem & Nutr Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP DuBose, DA (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Biochem & Nutr Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1052-0295 J9 BIOTECH HISTOCHEM JI Biotech. Histochem. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 74 IS 5 BP 261 EP 265 DI 10.3109/10520299909034662 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology GA 288AF UT WOS:000085539100006 PM 10711506 ER PT J AU Glaser, R Friedman, SB Smyth, J Ader, R Bijur, P Brunell, P Cohen, N Krilov, LR Lifrak, ST Stone, A Toffler, P AF Glaser, R Friedman, SB Smyth, J Ader, R Bijur, P Brunell, P Cohen, N Krilov, LR Lifrak, ST Stone, A Toffler, P TI The differential impact of training stress and final examination stress on herpesvirus latency at the United States Military Academy at West Point SO BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article DE Epstein-Barr virus (EBV); herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1); human herpesvirus 6; stress; West Point cadets; psychoneuroimmunology virus latency ID EPSTEIN-BARR-VIRUS; VIRAL CAPSID ANTIGEN; SIMPLEX VIRUS; MEDICAL-STUDENTS; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; MODULATION; INFECTION; REACTIVATION; PERSONALITY; INTERFERON AB In this study, we searched for evidence for reactivation of three latent herpesviruses, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1), and human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6), in West Point cadets experiencing two different stressors. Blood samples were obtained from cadets before and after a 6-week training period known as "Cadet Basic Training" (CBT), at a baseline prior to final examinations, and then once again during the week of final examinations. Antibody titers to latent HSV-1, EBV, and HHV-6 were determined as a measure of the steady-state expression of latent virus. EBV virus capsid antigen (VCA) IgG antibody titers were unchanged in blood samples obtained prior to and immediately after CBT. However, EBV antibody titers were significantly higher in the blood sample obtained during examination week than in the baseline period before examination; they were also higher than antibody titers before/after CBT. None of the serum samples were positive for EBV VCA IgM antibodies, indicating that the changes in antibody titers to EBV were not associated with recent EBV infections in the class. No significant changes in antibody titers to HSV-1 or HSV-6 were found over the identical time periods, including examination week. Academic stress but not CBT modulated the steady-state expression of latent EBV, resulting in the reactivation of latent virus. The same stressors, however, did not affect the steady-state expression of latent HSV-1 or HSV-6, at least as measured by changes in antibody titers. The data provide additional evidence of the impact of different psychological stressors on the steady-state expression of latent herpesviruses. (C) 1999 Academic Press. C1 Ohio State Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Mol Virol Immunol & Med Genet, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Montefiore Med Ctr, Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Psychiat, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Univ Rochester, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Montefiore Med Ctr, Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. Cedars Sinai Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA. Univ Rochester, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. N Shore Univ Hosp, Dept Pediat, Manhasset, NY 11030 USA. US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Glaser, R (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Mol Virol Immunol & Med Genet, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RI Glaser, Ronald/E-3124-2011; OI Smyth, Joshua/0000-0002-0904-5390 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA16058]; NIMH NIH HHS [MH44660] NR 37 TC 82 Z9 83 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0889-1591 J9 BRAIN BEHAV IMMUN JI Brain Behav. Immun. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 13 IS 3 BP 240 EP 251 DI 10.1006/brbi.1999.0566 PG 12 WC Immunology; Neurosciences SC Immunology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 234KP UT WOS:000082484000004 PM 10469525 ER PT J AU McCant, DD Inouye, LS McFarland, VA AF McCant, DD Inouye, LS McFarland, VA TI A one-step ASE (TM) extraction method for TCDD TEQ determination SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES; BIOASSAY; HYDROCARBONS; INDUCTION C1 ASCI Corp, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. USA, Waterways Expt Stn, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP McCant, DD (reprint author), ASCI Corp, 3402 Wisconsin Ave,Suite 5, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 7 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0007-4861 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 63 IS 3 BP 282 EP 288 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 231PZ UT WOS:000082320100002 PM 10475904 ER PT J AU Kiesz, RS Rozek, MM Ebersole, DG Mego, DM Chang, CW Chilton, RL AF Kiesz, RS Rozek, MM Ebersole, DG Mego, DM Chang, CW Chilton, RL TI Novel approach to rotational atherectomy results in low restenosis rates in long, calcified lesions: Long-term results of the San Antonio Rotablator Study (SARS) SO CATHETERIZATION AND CARDIOVASCULAR INTERVENTIONS LA English DT Article DE atherectomy; restenosis; complex lesions ID ADJUNCTIVE BALLOON ANGIOPLASTY; CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE; PLATELET-AGGREGATION; SINGLE-CENTER; FOLLOW-UP; EXPERIENCE; INTERVENTION; ABLATION; REGISTRY; INJURY AB Ablation technique and adjunctive strategy may affect restenosis after rotational atherectomy To minimize trauma to the vascular wall, we changed the technique of rotablation as follows: the RPM range was decreased to 140,000-160,000 RPM, the ablation was performed using a repetitive pecking motion, avoiding a decrease in the rotational speed of the burr greater than 3,000 RPM, long lesions were divided into segments and each segment was separately ablated, and the burr-to-artery ratio was intended to be approximately 0.75. To prevent coronary spasm, before and after each pass, 100-200 mu g nitroglycerin and 100-200 mu g verapamil i.c. boluses were administered. Adjunctive PTCA was performed using a closely sized 1.1:1 balloon-to-artery ratio with a noncompliant balloon at low pressures for 120 sec. The study incorporated 111 patients with a combined total of 146 calcified lesions. Results. A total of 31.5% of patients underwent a multivessel procedure. No deaths occurred. CI-wave MI and/or creatine kinase elevation greater than three times baseline levels occurred in 4.5% of patients. By quantitative coronary angiography (QCA), the reference vessel diameter was 3.13+/-0.59 mm, mean lesion length was 33.41+/-18.58 mm. Percent stenosis and mean luminal diameter were as follows: at baseline 75.7%+/-10.8%, or 0.76+/-0.41 mm, Post-rotational atherectomy 41.5%+/-3.6%, or 1.83+/-0.43 mm, Post-PTCA 18.2%+/-11.9%, or 2.56+/-0.50 mm. Six-month angiographic follow-up was available in 64 (57.7%) pts. Net luminal gain was 1.15+/-0.76 mm, with a late luminal loss of 0.65+/-0.84 mm. The mean diameter stenosis at follow-up was 37.6%+/-28.5%, with MLD 1.91 +/- 1.21 mm. The binary restenosis rate was 28.1%. Therefore, modification of rotational atherectomy technique with adjunctive PTCA resulted in a favorable restenosis rate in long, calcified lesions. (C) 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Div Cardiol, Dept Med, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. S Texas Vet Hlth Syst, Cardiac Catheterizat Labs, Audie Murphy Div, San Antonio, TX USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Kiesz, RS (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Div Cardiol, Dept Med, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. NR 26 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1522-1946 J9 CATHETER CARDIO INTE JI Catheter. Cardiovasc. Interv. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 48 IS 1 BP 48 EP 53 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1522-726X(199909)48:1<48::AID-CCD9>3.0.CO;2-Y PG 6 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 231ZH UT WOS:000082340900009 PM 10467070 ER PT J AU Morris, MJ AF Morris, MJ TI Difficulties with diagnosing asthma in the elderly SO CHEST LA English DT Editorial Material ID GENERAL-POPULATION; PREVALENCE; SYMPTOMS; SAMPLE; DEATH C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Pulm Dis Crti Care Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Pulm Dis Crti Care Serv, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI GLENVIEW PA 2595 PATRIOT BLVD, GLENVIEW, IL 60026 USA SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD SEP PY 1999 VL 116 IS 3 BP 591 EP 593 PG 3 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 234GJ UT WOS:000082475900003 PM 10492257 ER PT J AU Bowsher, B Callahan, CW Person, DA Ruess, L AF Bowsher, B Callahan, CW Person, DA Ruess, L TI Unilateral leptospiral pneumonia and cold agglutinin disease SO CHEST LA English DT Article DE anti-I cold hemagglutinin; leptospirosis; pneumonia AB Pneumonia that is unresponsive to appropriate antibiotic therapy suggests an infection due to mole unusual or resistant organisms. In this report, a child with unilateral pneumonia, pleural effusion, and anti-I cold hemagglutinin antibodies is presented. The usual causes of this clinical picture were suspected and treated, but the child did not improve. Features of her history suggested a mole unusual etiology;, and a diagnosis of leptospirosis was made. ii brief discussion of leptospiral disease in children is provided. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, MCHK PE, Dept Pediat, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Callahan, CW (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, MCHK PE, Dept Pediat, 1 Jarrett White Rd, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 USA SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD SEP PY 1999 VL 116 IS 3 BP 830 EP 832 DI 10.1378/chest.116.3.830 PG 3 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 234GJ UT WOS:000082475900042 PM 10492296 ER PT J AU Milkowski, DA Worley, BD Morris, MJ AF Milkowski, DA Worley, BD Morris, MJ TI Richter's transformation presenting as an obstructing endobronchial lesion SO CHEST LA English DT Article DE chronic lymphocytic leukemia; endobronchial; histoplasmosis; Nd-YAG laser; Richter's transformation ID CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC-LEUKEMIA; HISTOPLASMOSIS; LYMPHOMA AB A 60-year-old man with chronic lymphocytic leukemia presented to our. institution with a recurring lingular pneumonia. On fiberoptic bronchoscopy, the patient was found to have an endobronchial mass obstructing the lingula and left upper robe. Biopsy specimens of the mass demonstrated anaplastic large cell lymphoma consistent with Richter's transformation. Only one case of endobronchial Richter's transformation has been previously reported in the literature. This was described as peribronchial and endobronchial leukemic infiltrates within the bronchial mucosa, We report the first case of an obstructive endobronchial mass secondary to Richter's transformation. The endobronchial mass was treated with a Nd-YAG laser to maintain airway patency while the patient underwent chemotherapy, resulting in complete resolution of the mass within the airway. C1 Wilford AF Med Ctr, Dept Med, Pulm Dis Crit Care Serv, Lackland AFB, TX USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Pulm Dis Crit Care Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Worley, BD (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Pulm Crit Care Serv, MCHE, MDP, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 16 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 USA SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD SEP PY 1999 VL 116 IS 3 BP 832 EP 835 DI 10.1378/chest.116.3.832 PG 4 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 234GJ UT WOS:000082475900043 PM 10492297 ER PT J AU Aimone, AC AF Aimone, AC TI Generals at rest: The grave sites of the 425 official Confederate generals SO CIVIL WAR HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 US Mil Acad, Lib, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Aimone, AC (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Lib, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KENT STATE UNIV PRESS PI KENT PA C/O JOURNALS DEPT, KENT, OH 44242 USA SN 0009-8078 J9 CIVIL WAR HIST JI Civil War Hist. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 45 IS 3 BP 268 EP 269 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 240TX UT WOS:000082842200022 ER PT J AU Cuzzubbo, AJ Vaughn, DW Nisalak, A Solomon, T Kalayanarooj, S Aaskov, J Dung, NM Devine, PL AF Cuzzubbo, AJ Vaughn, DW Nisalak, A Solomon, T Kalayanarooj, S Aaskov, J Dung, NM Devine, PL TI Comparison of PanBio Dengue Duo enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and MRL dengue fever virus immunoglobulin M capture ELISA for diagnosis of dengue virus infections in southeast Asia SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RAPID IMMUNOCHROMATOGRAPHIC TEST; JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; ROC ANALYSIS; IGM; ANTIBODIES; IMMUNOASSAY; SERA AB The performances of the MRL dengue fever virus immunoglobulin M (IgM) capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the PanBio Dengue Duo IgM capture and IgG capture ELISA were compared. Eighty sera from patients with dengue virus infections, 24 sera from patients with Japanese encephalitis (JE), and 78 sera from patients with nonflavivirus infections, such as malaria, typhoid, leptospirosis, and scrub typhus, mere used. The MRL test showed superior sensitivity for dengue virus infections (94 versus 89%), while the PanBio test showed superior specificity for JE (79 versus 25%) and other infections (100 versus 91%). The PanBio ELISA showed better overall performance, as assessed by the sum of sensitivity and specificity (F value). When dengue virus and nonflavivirus infections were compared, F values of 189 and 185 were obtained for the PanBio and MRL tests, respectively, while when dengue virus infections and JE were compared, F values of 168 and 119 were obtained. The results obtained,vith individual sera in the PanBio and MRL IgM ELISAs showed good correlation, but this analysis revealed that the cutoff value of the MRL test was set well below that of the PanBio test. Comparing the sensitivity and specificity of the tests at different cutoff values (receiver-operator analysis) revealed that the MRL and PanBio IgM ELISAs performed similarly in distinguishing dengue virus from nonflavivirus infections, although the PanBio IgM ELISA showed significantly better distinction between dengue virus infections and JE. The implications of these findings for the laboratory diagnosis of dengue are discussed. C1 Queensland Univ Technol, Sch Life Sci, Dept Immunol, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Bangkok Childrens Hosp, Queen Sirikit Natl Inst Child Hlth, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Cho Quan Hosp, Ctr Trop Dis, Wellcome Trust Clin Res Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Cho Quan Hosp, Ctr Trop Dis, Pediat Intens Care Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. PanBio Pty Ltd, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. RP Devine, PL (reprint author), PanBio Pty Ltd, 116 Lutwyche Rd, Windsor, Qld 4030, Australia. NR 36 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 6 IS 5 BP 705 EP 712 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 235LE UT WOS:000082542500014 PM 10473522 ER PT J AU Srivastava, A Han, EH Kumar, V Singh, V AF Srivastava, A Han, EH Kumar, V Singh, V TI Parallel formulations of decision-tree classification algorithms SO DATA MINING AND KNOWLEDGE DISCOVERY LA English DT Article DE data mining; parallel processing; classification; scalability; decision trees AB Classification decision tree algorithms are used extensively for data mining in many domains such as retail target marketing, fraud detection, etc. Highly parallel algorithms for constructing classification decision trees are desirable for dealing with large data sets in reasonable amount of time. Algorithms for building classification decision trees have a natural concurrency, but are difficult to parallelize due to the inherent dynamic nature of the computation. In this paper, we present parallel formulations of classification decision tree learning algorithm based on induction. We describe two basic parallel formulations. One is based on Synchronous Tree Construction Approach and the other is based on Partitioned Tree Construction Approach. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using these methods and propose a hybrid method that employs the good features of these methods. We also provide the analysis of the cost of computation and communication of the proposed hybrid method. Moreover, experimental results on an IBM SP-2 demonstrate excellent speedups and scalability. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Army HPC Res Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Hitachi Amer Inc, Informat Technol Lab, Tarrytown, NY 10591 USA. NR 24 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1384-5810 J9 DATA MIN KNOWL DISC JI Data Min. Knowl. Discov. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 3 IS 3 BP 237 EP 261 DI 10.1023/A:1009832825273 PG 25 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA 260RH UT WOS:000083963300002 ER PT J AU Fekete, C Strutton, PH Cagampang, FRA Hrabovszky, E Kallo, I Shughrue, PJ Dobo, E Mihaly, E Baranyi, L Okada, H Panula, P Merchenthaler, I Coen, CW Liposits, Z AF Fekete, C Strutton, PH Cagampang, FRA Hrabovszky, E Kallo, I Shughrue, PJ Dobo, E Mihaly, E Baranyi, L Okada, H Panula, P Merchenthaler, I Coen, CW Liposits, Z TI Estrogen receptor immunoreactivity is present in the majority of central histaminergic neurons: Evidence for a new neuroendocrine pathway associated with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone-synthesizing neurons in rats and humans SO ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; MEDIAL PREOPTIC AREA; ESTRADIOL-CONCENTRATING CELLS; BETA MESSENGER-RNA; FEMALE RAT; TYROSINE-HYDROXYLASE; TUBEROMAMMILLARY NUCLEUS; HISTIDINE-DECARBOXYLASE; SEPTOPREOPTIC AREA; NEUROPEPTIDE-Y AB The central regulation of the preovulatory LH surge requires a complex sequence of interactions between neuronal systems that impinge on LH-releasing hormone (LHRH)-synthesizing neurons. The reported absence of estrogen receptors (ERs) in LHRH neurons indicates that estrogen-receptive neurons that are afferent to LHRH neurons are involved in mediating the effects of this steroid. We now present evidence indicating that central histaminergic neurons, exclusively located in the tuberomammillary complex of the caudal diencephalon, serve as an important relay in this system. Evaluation of this system revealed that 76% of histamine-synthesising neurons display ER alpha-immunoreactivity in their nucleus; furthermore histaminergic axons exhibit axo-dendritic and axo-somatic appositions onto LHRH neurons in both the rodent and the human brain. Our in vivo studies show that the intracerebroventricular administration of the histamine-1 (H1) receptor antagonist, mepyramine, but not the H2 receptor antagonist, ranitidine, can block the LH surge in ovariectomized estrogen-treated rats. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that the positive feedback effect of estrogen in the induction of the LH surge involves estrogen-receptive histamine-containing neurons in the tuberomammillary nucleus that relay the steroid signal to LHRH neurons via H1 receptors. C1 Hungarian Acad Sci, Inst Expt Med, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary. Kings Coll London, Div Biomed Sci, London, England. Albert Szent Gyorgyi Med Univ, Dept Anat, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary. Wyeth Ayerst Res, Womens Hlth Res Inst, Radnor, PA USA. Nagoya City Univ, Sch Med, Dept Mol Biol, Nagoya, Aichi 467, Japan. Abo Akad Univ, Dept Biol, SF-20500 Turku, Finland. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Membrane Biochem, Washington, DC USA. RP Liposits, Z (reprint author), Hungarian Acad Sci, Inst Expt Med, Szigony U 43, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary. EM liposits@koki.hu RI Kallo, Imre/C-6262-2016; OI Kallo, Imre/0000-0003-3412-4100; Fekete, Csaba/0000-0002-8206-562X NR 55 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 1 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0013-7227 EI 1945-7170 J9 ENDOCRINOLOGY JI Endocrinology PD SEP PY 1999 VL 140 IS 9 BP 4335 EP 4341 DI 10.1210/en.140.9.4335 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 228UC UT WOS:000082153200053 PM 10465307 ER PT J AU May, JH Warne, AG AF May, JH Warne, AG TI Hydrogeologic and geochemical factors required for the development of Carolina Bays along the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico Coastal Plain, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL & ENGINEERING GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE hydrogeology; geochemistry; Carolina Bays; karst; offshore ID SOUTH-CAROLINA AB More than 60 years of intense study and debate have yet to resolve the origin of the Carolina Bays. Carolina Bays are circular to elliptical depressions located along the Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic Coastal Plains; Proposed processes of initiation and development of these karst-like features include meteorite impacts, substrate dissolution, wind, ice, marine waves and currents. Based on field studies throughout the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plains and on review of coastal plain literature, we propose that Carolina Bays initially developed as silica-karst features. During Pleistocene sea-level lowstands, water tables in the Atlantic Coastal Plain were up to 30 m lower than today. Large volumes of surface water collected in local topographic lows and/or areas of enhanced permeability and infiltrated through sandy substrates of the low-relief coastal plain, Localized infiltration of phreatic water induced extensive desilicification of the sandy and clayey substrates, resulting in volume loss and development of karst-like depressions. Particularly relevant to initial bay development was alteration of kaolinite to gibbsite, which can produce a 34-percent loss in clay material volume, and concurrent dissolution of iron oxide. The initial silica-karst depressions along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts were later modified by eolian and, perhaps, ice-push processes, which enhanced their elliptical form. The subsequent Holocene rise in sea level caused ground-water levels in the coastal plain to equilibrate near the present-day land surface. This curtailed geochemical weathering, as well as eolian and ice-related processes. Ground-water saturation partially reversed chemical reactions associated with intensive weathering of clays beneath the bays, masking evidence of the severe leaching that occurred during their initial formation. Silica-karst features, similar to Carolina Bays in their initial stages of development, are common geologic features, Moreover, silica-karst processes are active today in warm temperate, subtropical, and tropical areas in sandy substrates where groundwater levels are well below the ground surface and can cause subsidence or disrupt developing wetlands. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Univ Texas, Bur Econ Geol, Austin, TX 78713 USA. RP May, JH (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 62 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU ASSOC ENGINEERING GEOLOGISTS GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI COLLEGE STN PA TEXAS A & M UNIV, DEPT GEOLOGY & GEOPHYSICS, COLLEGE STN, TX 77843-3115 USA SN 1078-7275 J9 ENVIRON ENG GEOSCI JI Environ. Eng. Geosci. PD FAL PY 1999 VL 5 IS 3 BP 261 EP 270 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 265HD UT WOS:000084235700001 ER PT J AU Jordan, RE Hardy, JP Perron, FE Fisk, DJ AF Jordan, RE Hardy, JP Perron, FE Fisk, DJ TI Air permeability and capillary rise as measures of the pore structure of snow: an experimental and theoretical study SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article ID ICE CRYSTALS; GROWTH AB Air permeability and capillary pressure are macroscopic snow properties that are influenced by the pore structure of the snow cover. Formulas for predicting fluid transport, species elution, and acoustive wave propagation require parameterization of one or both of these properties. We report paired measurements of permeability and capillary rise from snow samples at field sites in Hanover. New Hampshire, and Sleepers River Research Watershed, Danville, Vermont. We augment these data with laboratory tests on sieved snow and glass beads. Our measurements demonstrate a linear relationship between permeability and the ratio of porosity and the square of capillary rise, which we corroborate theoretically using a simple conduit model of the pore space. We propose that scatter in the data results, in part, from the effect of crystal shape on air flow and imbibition contact angle. Since the early measurements and classification schemes of Bader in 1939, many investigators have expanded the database of permeability observations for a wide range of snow types. We summarize these data and report our own recent observations from the New England sites and from an additional site in Manitoba, Canada. Our measurements are in the high range of reported values. However, after normalizing our data by the square of grain diameter, they follow the empirical function of Shimizu fairly closely. This agreement supports our measurements, and demonstrates the usefulness of Shimizu's function for snow types other than the relatively dense, fine-grained snow used in his analysis. Our normalized permeability data for low density snow, as well as the Shimizu function, are below theoretical predictions for suspensions of spheres and infinite cylinders. Hy extending the model for spheres to oblate spheroids and discs, we estimate permeability that is in closer agreement with our data. We suggest that a decrease in surface-to-volume ratio as snow ages may account for a relative increase in normalized permeability. Copyright (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Jordan, RE (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 48 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 13 IS 12-13 BP 1733 EP 1753 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(199909)13:12/13<1733::AID-HYP863>3.0.CO;2-2 PG 21 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 240DH UT WOS:000082810200003 ER PT J AU Carrano, JC Li, T Grudowski, PA Dupuis, RD Campbell, JC AF Carrano, JC Li, T Grudowski, PA Dupuis, RD Campbell, JC TI Improved detection of the invisible SO IEEE CIRCUITS & DEVICES LA English DT Article ID AVALANCHE PHOTODIODES; GAN C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Carrano, JC (reprint author), US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 12 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 8755-3996 J9 IEEE CIRCUITS DEVICE JI IEEE Circuits Devices PD SEP PY 1999 VL 15 IS 5 BP 15 EP 24 DI 10.1109/101.795089 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 241ML UT WOS:000082887000004 ER PT J AU Geng, N Ressler, MA Carin, L AF Geng, N Ressler, MA Carin, L TI Wide-band VHF scattering from a trihedral reflector situated above a lossy dispersive halfspace SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE calibration; numerical modeling; scattering; trihedrals ID POLARIMETRIC RADAR IMAGES; ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING; CORNER REFLECTORS; ARBITRARY SHAPE; CALIBRATION; PARAMETERS; SURFACES AB The method of moments (MoM) is used to rigorously analyze wide-band VHF scattering from a perfectly conducting trihedral placed above a lossy, dispersive half space. The method of complex images is employed to evaluate the layered-medium Green's function efficiently and is applied here to the halfspace problem. Particular attention is placed on the physics that underlie scattering from such targets (as a function of frequency, incidence angle, polarization, and soil type) for cases in which the target is small or of moderate size relative to wavelength (where high-frequency techniques fail). This problem is of interest when conventional trihedrals are employed to calibrate VHF synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems. C1 Duke Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Geng, N (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. NR 19 TC 15 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD SEP PY 1999 VL 37 IS 5 BP 2609 EP 2617 DI 10.1109/36.789655 PN 2 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 236ZA UT WOS:000082628100022 ER PT J AU Veloso, D Smith, JI Cosgriff, TM AF Veloso, D Smith, JI Cosgriff, TM TI Rhesus differential susceptibility to endotoxin is not associated with activation of plasma prekallikrein SO IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Kinins (Kinin 98) CY OCT 19-24, 1998 CL NARA, JAPAN DE rhesus monkeys; endotoxin; susceptibility; inflammation; prekallikrein; coagulation ID COAGULATION; SEPSIS; FIBRINOLYSIS; MONKEYS AB This study is part of a project aimed at understanding individual responses to acute endotoxemia in a catheter-free rhesus (Mnc sea mulatta) model of inflammation. In the previous study [J. Endotoxin Res. 2 (1995) 411-420.], we showed that of 14 endotoxin 0111:B4 (ETX)-infused monkeys, only three died at < 135 h and one at 6 days postinfusion. Doses of ETX correlated neither with the magnitude of hypotension nor with rhesus outcome. Survival (and death at 6 days) or death at < 13.5 h was rather associated with controllable or uncontrollable rise of plasma levels of proinflammatory cytokines and reversible or irreversible shock. in the current study, we used plasmas of 5 survivors and of one of the monkeys that died at < 13.5 h (each infused with 3 X 10(6) EU ETX/kg), and of two saline control monkeys of the previous study. We analyzed changes in parameters of coagulation and contact systems. After ETX infusion, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and prothrombin time (PT) values increased modestly in survivors but markedly in the nonsurvivor; responses of platelet counts and levels of fibrinogen, antithrombin, alpha(2)-macroglobulin (alpha(2)M), C1-inhibitor (C1INH) and alpha(1)-antitrypsin were similar in survivors and the nonsurvivor; the rate of plasma prekallikrein (PK) activation measured by hydrolysis of the kallikrein (KAL) substrate D-Pro-Phe-Arg-p-nitroanilide was not altered by ETX infusion; and the distribution of PK activation products, analyzed by MAb 13G11/immunoblotting in plasmas With or without artificial activation, was similar in survivors and the nonsurvivor. Responses in controls were relatively stable. Since we used defined experimental conditions, this primate model has the potential to be useful to study further correlation of inflammatory parameters with differential outcome. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Houston, TX 77225 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Med, Frederick, MD USA. RP Veloso, D (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, POB 20708, Houston, TX 77225 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0162-3109 J9 IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY JI Immunopharmacology PD SEP PY 1999 VL 43 IS 2-3 BP 265 EP 271 DI 10.1016/S0162-3109(99)00098-3 PG 7 WC Immunology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Immunology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 258PQ UT WOS:000083847900026 PM 10596862 ER PT J AU Bishai, WR Dannenberg, AM Parrish, N Ruiz, R Chen, P Zook, BC Johnson, W Boles, JW Pitt, MLM AF Bishai, WR Dannenberg, AM Parrish, N Ruiz, R Chen, P Zook, BC Johnson, W Boles, JW Pitt, MLM TI Virulence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis CDC1551 and H37Rv in rabbits evaluated by Lurie's pulmonary tubercle count method SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID DELAYED-TYPE HYPERSENSITIVITY; CELL-MEDIATED-IMMUNITY; PATHOGENESIS AB The virulence of the CDC1551 strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was compared to that of H37Rv in a rabbit inhalation model. While rabbits that inhaled the two strains produced equal numbers of grossly visible primary tubercles, CDC1551 tubercles were smaller and contained fewer bacilli than H37Rv tubercles. These findings suggest that a miniepidemic near the Kentucky-Tennessee border caused by CDC1551 was due not to increased virulence but to increased transmissibility. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Baltimore, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. George Washington Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Washington, DC 20037 USA. George Washington Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Anim Res, Washington, DC 20037 USA. USA, Dept Aerobiol & Prod Evaluat, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Frederick, MD USA. RP Dannenberg, AM (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Sch Hyg, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-37856, AI-35195, AI-36973, R01 AI036973, R01 AI037856]; NIEHS NIH HHS [P30 ES003819] NR 27 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 67 IS 9 BP 4931 EP 4934 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 228LU UT WOS:000082138600087 PM 10456953 ER PT J AU Sciuto, AM Moran, TS AF Sciuto, AM Moran, TS TI BHA diet enhances the survival of mice exposed to phosgene: The effect of BHA on glutathione levels in the lung SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANTIOXIDANT BUTYLATED HYDROXYANISOLE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; S-TRANSFERASE; OXYGEN-TOXICITY; HYDROXYTOLUENE; FORESTOMACH; IBUPROFEN; INJURY; RATS; 2(3)-TERT-BUTYL-4-HYDROXYANISOLE AB Phosgene-induced pulmonary edema formation has been under investigation for many years. One mechanism of protection may involve the use of antioxidants. Previously, it has been shown that butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) treatment can enhance glutathione (GSH) levels. The present study focused on dietary supplementation in mice using BHA, a phenolic compound used in food preservation. Three groups of male CD-1 mice were studied: group 1, control animals fed with Purina rodent chow 5002; group 2, fed 0.75% BHA (w/w) in 5002; and group 3, fed 1.5% BHA (w/w) in 5002. Mice were fed for 22 days. On day 23 mice were exposed to 32 mg/m(3) phosgene for 20 min in a whole-body exposure chamber. Survival rate (SR) and odds ratio (OR) were determined at 12 and 24 h. In mice that died within 12 h, the lungs were removed immediately and lung wet weights (WW), dry weights (DW), lung wet weight/body weight ratio (LWW/BW), and lung tissue total glutathione (GSH) were assessed. For 12-h data, 6 mice from the 1.5% BHA group were sacrificed for lung tissue measurements. The SR for 0.75% BHA was 80% at 12 h and 55% at 24 h, compared with 36% and 23%, respectively for controls. For 1.5% BHA, the 12- and 24-h SR were 100% and 92%, respectively Odds ratios of 6.9 for 0.75% BHA and 46.6 for 1.5% BHA at 12 h and 4.0 and 42 for 0.75% and 1.5% BHA, respectively, at 24 h were significantly (chi(2)) higher than control diet phosgene-exposed mice. Dietary pretreatment with 0.75% and 1.5% BHA significantly enhanced lung tissue GSH, 1.8-fold (p less than or equal to .01) and 5.8-fold (p less than or equal to .01), respectively, compared with phosgene-exposed control diet. Both BHA-supplemented diets significantly reduced WW. Only 7.5% BHA reduced DW, a measure of lung hyperaggregation. and LWW/BW compared with control diet. In air-exposed controls, BHA induced a dose-responsive decrease in WW, DW, LWW/BW ratio, and GSH. In conclusion, dietary pretreatment with BHA at the two dose levels reduced lung edema and lethality by enhancing lung tissue GSH in mice exposed to phosgene. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Pharmacol, Neurotoxicol Branch,MCMR UV PN, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Sciuto, AM (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Pharmacol, Neurotoxicol Branch,MCMR UV PN, 3100 Ricketts Point Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 40 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 11 IS 9 BP 855 EP 871 PG 17 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 238MN UT WOS:000082714200004 PM 10477446 ER PT J AU Freeman, T AF Freeman, T TI R&D management and corporate financial policy SO INTERFACES LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, Off Chief Staff Army, Washington, DC 20453 USA. RP Freeman, T (reprint author), USA, Off Chief Staff Army, Pentagon, Washington, DC 20453 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST OPERATIONS RESEARCH MANAGEMENT SCIENCES PI LINTHICUM HTS PA 901 ELKRIDGE LANDING RD, STE 400, LINTHICUM HTS, MD 21090-2909 USA SN 0092-2102 J9 INTERFACES JI Interfaces PD SEP-OCT PY 1999 VL 29 IS 5 BP 147 EP 148 PG 2 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 269XQ UT WOS:000084503100019 ER PT J AU Apicella, MJ Loushine, RJ West, LA Runyan, DA AF Apicella, MJ Loushine, RJ West, LA Runyan, DA TI A comparison of root fracture resistance using two root canal sealers SO INTERNATIONAL ENDODONTIC JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE glass ionomer; root fracture; sealers ID GLASS-IONOMER CEMENT; EPOXY-RESIN SEALERS; ZINC-OXIDE EUGENOL; EFFICACY; ADHESION; DENTIN AB Aim The aim of this study was to compare in vitro root fracture resistance following root canal filling with either Ketac-Endo or Roth's root canal sealer. Methodology The roots of 40 teeth with single canals were instrumented and placed randomly into four groups of 10 teeth. The prepared canals were obturated with lateral compaction using gutta-percha and Roth's 801 sealer, lateral compaction and Ketac-Endo sealer or with a single cone and Ketac-Endo sealer; the fourth group acted as unfilled controls. The roots were stored for 2 weeks in 100% humidity prior to being mounted in acrylic resin blocks. A steel tipped rod attached to an Instron testing machine was positioned against the canal opening and a slowly increasing force was applied until root fracture occurred. The results were subjected to statistical analysis using Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA. Results There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of force required to vertically fracture the roots. Conclusions Under the conditions of this study, the use of Ketac-Endo sealer in conjunction with lateral compaction or single-cone obturation techniques does not increase the fracture resistance of root-filled teeth. C1 USA, Dent Activ, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. RP West, LA (reprint author), USA, Dent Activ, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. NR 14 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-2885 J9 INT ENDOD J JI Int. Endod. J. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 32 IS 5 BP 376 EP 380 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2591.1999.00240.x PG 5 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 240WT UT WOS:000082850600004 PM 10551111 ER PT J AU Sawyer, TE Bonner, JA Gould, PM Deschamps, C Lange, CM Li, HZ AF Sawyer, TE Bonner, JA Gould, PM Deschamps, C Lange, CM Li, HZ TI Patients with stage I non-small cell lung carcinoma at postoperative rise for local recurrence, distant metastasis, and death: Implications related to the design of clinical trials SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE chemotherapy; non-small cell lung cancer; radiation therapy; stage I ID SYSTEMATIC MEDIASTINAL LYMPHADENECTOMY; ADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY; RANDOMIZED TRIAL; LYMPH-NODES; CANCER; RESECTION; SURGERY; IRRADIATION; FREQUENCY; CISPLATIN AB Purpose: Patients with pathologically staged American Joint Committee on Cancer stage I (T1 N0 or T2 N0) non-small cell lung cancer have a favorable prognosis after complete surgical resection compared with patients with more advanced stages. Benefits of adjuvant therapy in this setting are unproved. However, there may be subgroups of patients with stage I disease at high enough risk for local recurrence to prompt consideration of adjuvant or neoadjuvant radiation therapy. Likewise, there may be subgroups of patients at high enough risk for distant metastasis to justify the evaluation of chemotherapy. Methods and Materials: From 1987 through 1990, 370 patients undergoing gross total resection of non-small cell lung cancer had stage I disease and received no chemotherapy or radiation therapy as part of their primary treatment. These patients were the subject of a retrospective review to separate patients into high-, intermediate-, and low-risk groups with respect to freedom from local recurrence (FFLR), freedom from distant metastasis (FFDM), and overall survival by using a regression tree analysis. Results: The 5-year rates of FFLR, FFDM, and survival were 85%, 83%, and 66%, respectively. Regression analyses revealed that the factors independently predicting for a poorer FFLR rate included fewer than 15 lymph nodes dissected and pathologically evaluated (p = 0.002) and the presence of a T2 tumor (p = 0.04). Factors independently predicting for a poorer FFDM rate included a maximal dimension greater than 5 cm (p = 0.02) and nonsquamous histology (p = 0.03). Factors independently predicting for a poorer survival rate included fewer than 15 lymph nodes dissected and pathologically evaluated (p = 0.001) and a maximal dimension greater than 3 cm (p = 0.003). Regression tree analyses were used to separate patients into risk groups. Conclusion: Incorporating the aforementioned factors into regression tree analyses, three risk groups were identified with respect to FFLR. Two each were identified for FFDM and for survival. For each of these three end-points, the differences in outcomes for each risk group were found to be both statistically and clinically significant. These risk groups may be useful in the future design of phase III trials evaluating the use of adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy in the stage I setting. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Inc. C1 Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Div Radiat Oncol, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Div Thorac & Cardiovasc Surg, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Biostat Sect, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. RP Sawyer, TE (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 36 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0360-3016 J9 INT J RADIAT ONCOL JI Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. PD SEP 1 PY 1999 VL 45 IS 2 BP 315 EP 321 DI 10.1016/S0360-3016(99)00189-3 PG 7 WC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 232VT UT WOS:000082391200010 PM 10487551 ER PT J AU Myers, SR Pinorini-Godly, MT Reddy, TV Daniel, FB Reddy, G AF Myers, SR Pinorini-Godly, MT Reddy, TV Daniel, FB Reddy, G TI Gas chromatographic and mass spectrometric determination of hemoglobin adducts of 1,3-dinitrobenzene and 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene in shrew Cryptotis parva SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hemoglobin; nitroaromatics; biomarkers ID RAT; TOXICITY; BINDING; DINITROBENZENE; METABOLISM; INVIVO; NITRO; TRINITROTOLUENE; NITROBENZENE; MUTAGENICITY AB 1,3-Dinitrobenzene (DNB) and 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene (TNB) are used primarily in explosive compositions and munitions and have been detected as environmental contaminants of surface waters as well as ground waters near production waste disposal sites. Hemoglobin (Hb) adducts have recently been proposed as biological markers of exposure assessment for various environmental compounds, including nitroaromatics. In the present study, we have investigated the formation of DNB and TNB hemoglobin adducts in vivo and in vitro in the blood of shrew (Cryptotis parva). DNB and TNB hemoglobin adducts were detected by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) after either basic (0.1 N NaOH) or acid (2 N HCl) hydrolysis followed by organic solvent extraction and derivatization of the corresponding amines. The levels of DNB-Hb adducts detected after basic hydrolysis (238.7 +/- 50.2 pg/mg Hb) are higher than the corresponding levels detected after acid hydrolysis (52.5 +/- 16.2 pg/mg Hb). For the TNB-Hb the levels after acid hydrolysis (132.2 +/- 37.8 pg/mg Hb) are higher than the levels detected after basic hydrolysis (44.7 +/- 15.3 pg/mg Hb). These results demonstrate the effectiveness of the hemoglobin adduct model for monitoring exposure to nitroaromatics. C1 Univ Louisville, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. US EPA, Ecol Exposure Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Myers, SR (reprint author), Univ Louisville, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. NR 42 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON EC4A 3DE, ENGLAND SN 1091-5818 J9 INT J TOXICOL JI Int. J. Toxicol. PD SEP-OCT PY 1999 VL 18 IS 5 BP 317 EP 325 PG 9 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 252HF UT WOS:000083495500004 ER PT J AU Gagnon, E Griswold, D AF Gagnon, E Griswold, D TI Use visuals with children SO INTERVENTION IN SCHOOL AND CLINIC LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Kansas, Asperger Syndrome Project, Dept Special Educ, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. RP Griswold, D (reprint author), 625 Grant Ave, Ft Leavenworth, KS 66027 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PRO-ED INC PI AUSTIN PA 8700 SHOAL CREEK BLVD, AUSTIN, TX 78757-6897 USA SN 1053-4512 J9 INTERV SCH CLIN JI Interv. Sch. Clin. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 35 IS 1 BP 51 EP 52 DI 10.1177/105345129903500110 PG 2 WC Education, Special SC Education & Educational Research GA 230ZC UT WOS:000082280700010 ER PT J AU Brown, EA AF Brown, EA TI Government accountability SO ISSUES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USA, Res Lab, Special Projects Off, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Brown, EA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Special Projects Off, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0748-5492 J9 ISSUES SCI TECHNOL JI Issues Sci. Technol. PD FAL PY 1999 VL 16 IS 1 BP 12 EP 12 PG 1 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Social Issues SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Social Issues GA 316KW UT WOS:000087167000009 ER PT J AU Monteiro-Riviere, NA Inman, AO Babin, MC Casillas, RP AF Monteiro-Riviere, NA Inman, AO Babin, MC Casillas, RP TI Immunohistochemical characterization of the basement membrane epitopes in bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide-induced toxicity in mouse ear skin SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE epidermal-dermal junction epitopes; immunoelectron microscopy; immunofluorescence; mouse skin; sulfur mustard; basement membrane; cutaneous toxicity; blister ID CELL NUCLEAR ANTIGEN; ISOLATED-PERFUSED SKIN; ATHYMIC NUDE-MICE; SULFUR MUSTARD; ULTRASTRUCTURAL-LOCALIZATION; POTENTIAL TARGET; PORCINE SKIN; LESIONS; PROLIFERATION; LAMININ AB Sulfur mustard (bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide (HD)), a potent cutaneous vesicant and bifunctional alkylating agent, produces significant time-dependent histopathological changes in the skin of the mouse. The right ears of male CD1 mice were exposed topically to 5.0 mu l of 195 mM (0.16 mg) HD in dichloromethane and harvested at 6, 12, 18 and 24 h. The left ear control was dosed with 5.0 mu l of dichloromethane. In all controls and HD-treated mouse ear, moderate immunofluorescence staining was seen at the epidermal-dermal junction with bullous pemphigoid (BP), epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA) and laminin (Lam), and light staining was observed with bullous pemphigoid 180 (BP180), fibronectin (Fn) and type IV collagen (Coll IV). Mouse anti-human monoclonal antibodies for GB3, L3d and 19-DEJ-1 (Uncein) did not cross-react. In microvesicles, BP, BP180 and Fn showed areas of light focal epidermal staining and homogeneous dermal staining, and EBA, Lam and Coll IV showed moderate dermal staining. Both BP and Fn exhibited weak, inconsistent staining with time. Immunoelectron microscopy (IEM) revealed similar results, with an increase in cell damage from 6 to 24 h, which corresponded to a decrease in staining intensity. Cell proliferation, expressed as the growth fraction of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), showed an increase in cell damage. The growth fraction was lower in the inner ear and showed time-dependent differences. The immunofluorescence and IEM results indicate that HD causes an undulating inconsistent separation in the uppermost lamina lucida with focal cleavage into the lower portion of the basal keratinocytes just above the plasma membrane. Although this pattern of separation differs from other in vivo models in which the split occurs exclusively within the lamina lucida, this should not preclude its role as a screening model to study the effects and development of specific prophylactic and therapeutic strategies. Copyright (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Ctr Cutaneous Toxicol & Residue Pharmacol, Dept Clin Sci, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Monteiro-Riviere, NA (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Ctr Cutaneous Toxicol & Residue Pharmacol, Dept Clin Sci, 4700 Hillsborough St, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. NR 43 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0260-437X J9 J APPL TOXICOL JI J. Appl. Toxicol. PD SEP-OCT PY 1999 VL 19 IS 5 BP 313 EP 328 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1263(199909/10)19:5<313::AID-JAT582>3.0.CO;2-X PG 16 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 241LC UT WOS:000082883800003 PM 10513676 ER PT J AU Zak, AL Harrington, DT Barillo, DJ Lawlor, DF Shirani, KZ Goodwin, CW AF Zak, AL Harrington, DT Barillo, DJ Lawlor, DF Shirani, KZ Goodwin, CW TI Acute respiratory failure that complicates the resuscitation of pediatric patients with scald injuries SO JOURNAL OF BURN CARE & REHABILITATION LA English DT Article ID FLUID RESUSCITATION; THERMAL-INJURY; CHILDREN AB Respiratory failure that requires endotracheal intubation is an uncommon but potentially fatal complication of scald burns in children. Because scalds are rarely associated with a direct pulmonary injury, the pathophysiology of respiratory failure is unclear A possible mechanism may be upper airway edema, diminished pulmonary compliance secondary to fluid resuscitation, or both. To identify an at-risk population for intubation after a scald injury, the hospital courses of 174 consecutive patients under the age of 14 years who were admitted after a scald injury to a single burn center during a 6-year period were examined. Seven of these patients (4%) required endotracheal intubation. No patient older than 2.8 years or who had a scald injury that covered less than 19% of the total body surface area required intubation. Patients who required intubation were younger (mean age, 1.4 vs 2.8 years, P < .001), had a larger mean burn size (29.9% vs. 12.3% total body surface area, P < .001), and required more fluid resuscitation (7.66 vs. 4.07 cc/kg per percentage of total body surface area burned, P < .001) than patients who did not require intubation. Examination of the adequacy of resuscitation revealed that the intubated patients had an average hourly urine output of 0.84 cc/kg during the first 24 hours, suggesting that resuscitation was not excessive. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that both larger burn size (P = .041) and younger age (P = .049) were independent predictors of the need for intubation. Young patients with large body surface area burns that required large volumes of resuscitation comprise an at-risk group for respiratory failure after a scald injury. Increased vigilance is merited during the resuscitation of these patients. C1 USA, Inst Surg Res, Lib Branch, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Zak, AL (reprint author), USA, Inst Surg Res, Lib Branch, 3400 Rawley E Chambers Ave, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 22 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0273-8481 J9 J BURN CARE REHABIL JI J. Burn Care Rehabil. PD SEP-OCT PY 1999 VL 20 IS 5 BP 391 EP 399 DI 10.1097/00004630-199909000-00011 PG 9 WC Emergency Medicine; Rehabilitation; Surgery SC Emergency Medicine; Rehabilitation; Surgery GA 237DM UT WOS:000082640100010 PM 10501327 ER PT J AU Houston, JR AF Houston, JR TI Rejoinder to: Pilkey, O.H.; Thieler, E.R.; Young R.S., and Bush, D.M., 1999. Reply to Houston, J.R., 1998. Journal of Coastal Research, 14 (3), 1170-1173, Summer 1998. Rejoinder to: Pilkey, O.H.; Young, R.S.; Thieler, E.R.; Jacobs, B.S,; Katuna, M.P.; Lennon, G., and Moeller, M.E., 1996. Journal of Coastal Research, 12 (4), 1044-1050, Fall 1996. Reply to: Houston, J.R., 1996, discussion of Young, R.S.; Pilkey, O.H.; Bush, D.M., and Thieler, E.R., a discussion of the generalized model for simulation shoreline change (GENESIS). Journal of Coastal Research, 12 (4), 1038-1043, Fall 1996. This volume. Reply SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USA, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Waterways Expt Stn, Corps Engineers, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Houston, JR (reprint author), USA, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Waterways Expt Stn, Corps Engineers, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD FAL PY 1999 VL 15 IS 4 BP 1188 EP 1189 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 251WX UT WOS:000083470300032 ER PT J AU Flora, EMCV Suidan, MT Flora, JRV Kim, BJ AF Flora, EMCV Suidan, MT Flora, JRV Kim, BJ TI Speciation and chemical interactions in nitrifying biofilms. I: Model development SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID NITROSOMONAS-EUROPAEA; ALGAL BIOFILMS; MASS-TRANSFER; PH; OXIDATION; SUBSTRATE; AMMONIA; CARBON; NITRIFICATION; KINETICS AB Steady-state models of nitrifying biofilms are developed taking into account the mass transfer of neutral and ionic species, electroneutrality, pH-dependent Monod kinetics, chemical equilibrium, and the presence of a boundary layer. Due to the assumption of bulk conditions, the rigorous biofilm model often predicts the washout of one of the biofilm species involved in a series of sequential biofilm transformations such as nitrification. Coupling the rigorous biofilm model with reactor mass balances yields the rigorous reactor model, which calculates the bulk conditions where both of the biofilm species remain and is thus more widely applicable. Substantial changes in the pH across the boundary layer and the biofilm are predicted; therefore, rates of nitrification may be improved by increasing bulk pH to high (alkaline) values, which results in optimum (neutral) pH within the biofilm. Varying influent conditions such as pH and buffer capacity can result in significant changes in reactor performance with respect to complete nitrification. The validity of the nitrification models are tested by comparison of profile predictions with that of experimental data, with encouraging results. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. USA, Construct Engn Res Lab, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. RP Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 EI 1943-7870 J9 J ENVIRON ENG JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD SEP PY 1999 VL 125 IS 9 BP 871 EP 877 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(1999)125:9(871) PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 227MV UT WOS:000082084900010 ER PT J AU Flora, EMCV Suidan, MT Flora, JRV Kim, BJ AF Flora, EMCV Suidan, MT Flora, JRV Kim, BJ TI Speciation and chemical interactions in nitrifying biofilms. II: Sensitivity analysis SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID ALGAL BIOFILMS; PH; NITRIFICATION; NITROSOMONAS; KINETICS; SYSTEMS; REACTOR; CARBON AB Steady-state models of nitrifying biofilms have been developed that take into account the mass transfer of neutral and ionic species, electroneutrality, pH-dependent Monod kinetics, chemical equilibrium, and the presence of a boundary layer. Under the conditions investigated, the models predict significant changes in the biomass speciation and percent conversions in nitrifying biofilms as functions of pH, buffer capacity [in terms of total inorganic carbons], and, far the reactor models, volumetric how rate per unit surface area of biofilm and total ammonium loading. To a lesser extent, the models also predict sensitivity to biofilm thickness, total ammonium, total nitrite, dissolved oxygen concentration, and total biomass density. Nitrogen conversions ate only a very weak function of boundary layer thickness, total nitrate concentration, and the ratio of the chemical species' diffusivity in the biofilm to its diffusivity in water. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. USA, Construct Engn Res Lab, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. RP Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. NR 20 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9372 EI 1943-7870 J9 J ENVIRON ENG JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD SEP PY 1999 VL 125 IS 9 BP 878 EP 884 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(1999)125:9(878) PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 227MV UT WOS:000082084900011 ER PT J AU Severin, BF Nye, JV Kim, BJ AF Severin, BF Nye, JV Kim, BJ TI Model and analysis of belt drainage thickening SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID SHRINKAGE AB A gravity drainage model was developed that included terms for cake resistance, filter resistance, and initial pending. Laboratory scale batch drainage tests were performed at sludge volume loadings between 0.013 and 0.006 m(3)/m(2). Results were compared with limits established from the model for ponded and nonponded sludge drainage. At low volumetric loadings, the series of drainage curves represented a smooth family of curves with increased drainage rates at the volume was increased. However, at higher volumetric loadings, a discontinuity in the family of curves was observed in which the rate of filtrate flow decreased with an increase in sludge volume. The change in the shape of the filtrate curves corresponded with the observance of standing water on top of the forming sludge cake, or pending. The effects of plowing during drainage were investigated. One effect of plows was to diminish the effects of pending, noted as an increased drainage rate, for sludge loading conditions that had a tendency to pond in the absence of plows. A second effect was to cause the release of more water from sludges that were not prone to pending than that seen in the absence of plows. C1 MBI Int, Envir Technol, Lansing, MI 48909 USA. Michigan State Police, E Lansing, MI 48825 USA. USA, Construct Engn Res Lab, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. RP Severin, BF (reprint author), MBI Int, Envir Technol, Lansing, MI 48909 USA. NR 32 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD SEP PY 1999 VL 125 IS 9 BP 807 EP 815 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(1999)125:9(807) PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 227MV UT WOS:000082084900003 ER PT J AU Schroeder, PR Aziz, NM AF Schroeder, PR Aziz, NM TI Contaminant leaching model for dredged material disposal facilities SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article AB This paper describes the hydrologic evaluation of leachate production and quality model, a screening-level tool to simulate contaminant leaching from a confined disposal facility (CDF) for dredged material. The model combines hydraulics, hydrology, and equilibrium partitioning, using site-specific design specifications, weather data, and equilibrium partitioning coefficients from the literature or from sequential batch or column leach tests of dredged material. The hydraulics and hydrology are modeled using Version 3 of the hydrologic evaluation of landfill performance model. The equilibrium partitioning model includes provisions for estuarine sediments that have variable distribution coefficients resulting from saltwater washout. Model output includes contaminant concentrations in the CDF profile, contaminant concentration and mass releases through the bottom of the CDF, and contaminant concentrations and masses captured by leachate collection systems. The purpose of the model is to provide sound information for evaluating the potential leachate impacts on ground water at dredged material CDFs and the effectiveness of leachate control measures. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, CEWES, EE,P, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Schroeder, PR (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, CEWES, EE,P, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD SEP PY 1999 VL 125 IS 9 BP 835 EP 844 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(1999)125:9(835) PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 227MV UT WOS:000082084900006 ER PT J AU Anderson, TD Ross, JP Roby, RK Lee, DA Holland, MM AF Anderson, TD Ross, JP Roby, RK Lee, DA Holland, MM TI A validation study for the extraction and analysis of DNA from human nail material and its application to forensic casework SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE forensic science; DNA typing; fingernail; validation; short tandem repeat; Home Office Quadruplex I; HUMV; WFA31; HUMTH01; HUMF13A01; HUMFESFPS; mitochondrial DNA; sequencing ID DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC-ACID DNA; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; FINGERNAIL DNA; SINGLE HAIRS; HUMAN BONE; IDENTIFICATION; AMPLIFICATION; SEQUENCE; REMAINS; WAR AB A validation study was conducted to demonstrate that deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) could be successfully extracted from human nail material and analyzed using short tandem repeat (STR) profiling and/or mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequencing. This study involved the development of a DNA extraction protocol that includes a cleaning procedure designed to remove external contaminants (e.g., biological, chemical). This protocol was used to test human nail material that had been soaked in whole blood from a second donor and coated with gold-palladium to simulate scanning electron microscopic analysis. The results showed no indication of a mixture and were consistent with that of the nail donor. Fresh human nail material usually yielded both STR profiles and mtDNA sequence information; however, aged human nail material (similar to eight years old) yielded only mtDNA sequence information. Upon completion of the validation study, the extraction protocol was used for the analysis of a torn fingernail fragment recovered from the scene of a violent homicide in 1983. A partial STR profile and mtDNA sequence information indicated that the fingernail fragment was excluded as originating from the suspect and was, in fact, consistent with originating from one of the victims. C1 USA, Inst Pathol, Armed Forces DNA Identificat Lab, Dept Def,DNA Registry,Off Armed Forces Med Examin, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Anderson, TD (reprint author), AFDIL, DOD DNA Registry, AFIP Annex,1413 Res Blvd,Bldg 101, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. NR 29 TC 25 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 44 IS 5 BP 1053 EP 1056 PG 4 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 293AZ UT WOS:000085830500030 PM 10486958 ER PT J AU Davis, JE Fenical, SW Zhang, J Edge, B AF Davis, JE Fenical, SW Zhang, J Edge, B TI Terminal velocity of cylinders rolling in uniform flows SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY-LAYER CONTROL; CIRCULAR-CYLINDER; PLANE BOUNDARY; MOTIONS; FORCES; LIFT AB Ordnance remediation projects suggest that understanding the motion of cylinders (the approximate shape of ordnance) in flows would help to predict regions of ordnance mobility, to prioritize remediation efforts, and to improve the design of engineering works to trap ordnance. In simplified experiments, the characteristics of motion of smooth, unrestrained cylinders in contact with a smooth horizontal bed were investigated in flume experiments with steady, uniform flows. Eight cylinders were tested with varying specific gravities and diameters. At low flows, the cylinders follow trends similar to those noted in sediment particle studies. Incipient motion velocities were highest for the heavier cylinders. At high flows, the terminal velocity of the cylinders was limited to 60-80% of the free-stream flow. Potential flow derivations imply a maximum velocity ratio of 71%. Use of potential flow theory was considered valid (as an estimator) based on previous studies of boundary-layer control that suggest the moving surface of the cylinder minimizes the wake downstream of the cylinder, and therefore only a thin boundary layer is present around the cylinder. C1 USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. PLLC, Pacific Int Engn, Edmonds, WA 98020 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Davis, JE (reprint author), USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. OI Edge, Billy/0000-0001-9291-3920 NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD SEP PY 1999 VL 125 IS 9 BP 943 EP 952 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1999)125:9(943) PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 226ED UT WOS:000082006600005 ER PT J AU Gulliver, JS Wilhelms, SC Parkhill, KL AF Gulliver, JS Wilhelms, SC Parkhill, KL TI Predictive capabilities in oxygen transfer at hydraulic structures - Closure SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Civil Engn, St Anthony Falls Lab, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. USA Corps Engn, Coastal & Hydrol Lab, Wtrwy Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Freese & Nichols Inc, Ft Worth, TX 76109 USA. RP Gulliver, JS (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Civil Engn, St Anthony Falls Lab, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD SEP PY 1999 VL 125 IS 9 BP 989 EP 989 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1999)125:9(989.2) PG 1 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 226ED UT WOS:000082006600019 ER PT J AU Sei, S Sandelli, SL Theofan, G Ratto-Kim, S Kumagai, M Loomis-Price, LD Cox, JH Jarosinski, P Walsek, CM Brouwers, P Venzon, DJ Xu, J Pizzo, PA Moss, RB Robb, ML Wood, LV AF Sei, S Sandelli, SL Theofan, G Ratto-Kim, S Kumagai, M Loomis-Price, LD Cox, JH Jarosinski, P Walsek, CM Brouwers, P Venzon, DJ Xu, J Pizzo, PA Moss, RB Robb, ML Wood, LV TI Preliminary evaluation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) immunogen in children with HIV-1 infection SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Pediatric AIDS CY MAR, 1997 CL THAILAND ID PNEUMOCYSTIS-CARINII PNEUMONIA; DELAYED-TYPE HYPERSENSITIVITY; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; ENVELOPE SUBUNIT VACCINE; VIRAL LOAD; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; RECOMBINANT GP160; CUBIC MILLIMETER; IN-VITRO; NONCYTOLYTIC MECHANISMS AB The safety and preliminary activity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) immunogen were evaluated in 10 HIV-1-infected children with disease stage N1,2 or A1,2, Multiple inoculations of 2.5 or 10 units (U) of HIV-1 immunogen were safe and well tolerated without an acceleration of disease progression. When antiretroviral agents were coadministered, the 10 U dose appeared to be associated with more sustained reduction in plasma HIV-1 RNA than the 2.5 U dose (median log(10) HIV-1 RNA at month is, 3.07 vs. 4.01 copies/mL in 10 U [n = 4] vs. 2.5 U [n = 3], respectively; P =.034). Levels of regulated-on-activation, normal T cell-expressed and -secreted chemokine produced from HIV-1 immunogen-stimulated lymphocytes in vitro were increased in the children who had HIV-1 immunogen-specific antibody responses (P <.02) and appeared to be inversely correlated with levels of plasma HIV-1 RNA (P<.01). These preliminary data warrant larger studies to determine the effectiveness of adjunctive therapy with HIV-1 immunogen in children with HIV-1 infection. C1 NCI, HIV Clin Interface Lab, SAIC Frederick, FCRDC,NIH, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. NCI, HIV & AIDS Malignancy Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NCI, Pediat Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NCI, Biostat & Data Management Sect, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIH, Dept Pharm, Ctr Clin, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIH, Dept Nursing, Ctr Clin, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn, HIV Lab, Rockville, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Retrovirol, Rockville, MD USA. Immune Response Corp, Carlsbad, CA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Biostat AIDS Res, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Sei, S (reprint author), NCI, HIV Clin Interface Lab, SAIC Frederick, FCRDC,NIH, Bldg 322,Rm 27B, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RI Venzon, David/B-3078-2008 NR 75 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 180 IS 3 BP 626 EP 640 DI 10.1086/314944 PG 15 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 230HT UT WOS:000082246300009 PM 10438349 ER PT J AU Gaxiola, E Vlietstra, RE Browne, KF Ebersole, DG Brenner, AS Weeks, TT Mines, MH Roman, L Kerensky, RA AF Gaxiola, E Vlietstra, RE Browne, KF Ebersole, DG Brenner, AS Weeks, TT Mines, MH Roman, L Kerensky, RA TI Worse six-month outcome for patients with multiple stents in a single coronary artery SO JOURNAL OF INVASIVE CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE angioplasty; coronary artery disease; coronary stent ID BALLOON ANGIOPLASTY; DIABETES-MELLITUS; RESTENOSIS; PLACEMENT; DISEASE; INJURY; MODEL; EXPERIENCE; IMMEDIATE; STENOSIS AB Background. Before the "era" of optimal stent deployment, very few data concerning multiple stents in a single coronary artery showed restenosis rates up to 60%. Objective. To evaluate the 6-month outcome of patients receiving multiple Palmaz-Schatz stents (greater than or equal to 2 stents) in a single coronary artery compared to those receiving single stents. Methods. Three hundred and forty-eight patients having multiple stents were compared to 174 patients receiving single stents during a 6-month follow-up. Results. Repeat target lesion revascularization (RTLR), either repeat PTCA or CABG, was 10.4% in the single-stent group, 22.6% in the two-stent group, and 23.1% in the greater than or equal to 2 stent group (p = 0.001, single versus 2 or greater than or equal to 2 stents). There was not a significant difference between single stent and multiple stent groups in myocardial infarction and death during 6-month follow-up. Multivariate analysis showed multiple stents, diabetes mellitus, and type C lesion to be predictors of RTLR. Conclusions. Placement of two or more stents was associated with a significantly higher RTLR compared with single stent placement. The optimal approach to diffuse coronary artery disease remains to be defined. C1 Watson Clin LLP, Lakeland, FL USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Gaxiola, E (reprint author), Hosp San Javier Dinam Diagnost Med, Av Pablo Casals 640 Col Prados Prov, Guadalajara 44670, Jalisco, Mexico. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HEALTH MANAGEMENT PUBLICATIONSINC PI WAYNE PA 950 WEST VALLEY RD, STE 2800, WAYNE, PA 19087 USA SN 1042-3931 J9 J INVASIVE CARDIOL JI J. Invasive Cardiol. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 11 IS 9 BP 549 EP 554 PG 6 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 234ZX UT WOS:000082515200006 PM 10745594 ER PT J AU Jakob, T Vassel, R Udey, MC Scharton-Kersten, T Alving, CR Glenn, GM AF Jakob, T Vassel, R Udey, MC Scharton-Kersten, T Alving, CR Glenn, GM TI Activation of Langerhans cells following transcutaneous immunization SO JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tech Univ Munich, Dept Dermatol, D-8000 Munich, Germany. NCI, Dermatol Branch, Bethesda, MD USA. Iomai Corp, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC USA. RI Jakob, Thilo/J-1621-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0022-202X J9 J INVEST DERMATOL JI J. Invest. Dermatol. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 113 IS 3 MA 260 BP 474 EP 474 PG 1 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 233BQ UT WOS:000082406000285 ER PT J AU Wang, XD Kiang, JG Scheibel, LW Smallridge, RC AF Wang, XD Kiang, JG Scheibel, LW Smallridge, RC TI Phospholipase c activation by Na+/Ca2+ exchange is essential for monensin-induced Ca2+ influx and arachidonic acid release in FRTL-5 thyroid cells SO JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE FRTL-5 thyroid cells; phospholipase; protein kinase C; MAP kinase; cell calcium ID PROTEIN-KINASE-C; CANINE KIDNEY-CELLS; GTP-BINDING PROTEINS; INOSITOL TRISPHOSPHATE; IODIDE EFFLUX; ALPHA-1-ADRENERGIC STIMULATION; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; INTRACELLULAR CA2+; MESANGIAL CELLS; FREE CALCIUM AB Background: Monensin, a Na+ ionophore, can increase cytosolic Ca2+ ([Ca2+](i)) by reversing the Na+/Ca2+ exchange mechanism, This study provided additional insights into the mechanism of this Na+ ionophore-induced increase in [Ca2+](i) and emphasized the critical role of phospholipase C (PLC) in amplifying Na+/Ca2+ exchange-induced Ca2+ influx and subsequent arachidonic acid (AA) release in FRTL-5 thyroid cells. The possible involvement of protein kinase C (PKC), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and GTP-binding (G) protein in mediating monensin-induced AA release was also explored, Methods: FRTL-5 thyroid cells were maintained in Goon's modified Ham's F-12 medium supplemented with a 6-hormone (6H) mixture. Cytosolic Ca2+ was measured by using indo-1 AM and a dual-wave-length spectrofluorometer, Release of H-3-labeled inositol trisphosphates and arachidonic acid were determined by a scintillation counter, Results: In Hank's balanced salt solution with Ca2+ (HBSS+), monensin (100 mu mol/L) induced a 2.3-fold sustained Ca2+ increase associated with IP3 generation and a 6-fold increase in AA release, Deletion of extracellular Ca2+, or replacement of Na+ by choline chloride in the medium, reduced the [Ca2+](i) increase by 77% and completely prevented the monensin-induced rise in AA release, Similar inhibitory effects were observed in cells pretreated with a Na+ channel blocker, or Na+/Ca2+ exchange inhibitors. In HBSS without Ca2+ (HBSS-), monensin induced a 1-fold transient [Ca2+](i) increase but did not increase the AA, This Ca2+ increase was not suppressed by U-73122, a PLC inhibitor, In HBSS+, U-73122 did not affect the monensin induced initial transient peak increase of [Ca2+](i), but reduced the sustained second phase of [Ca2+](i), from 400 nmol/L to 250 nmol/L, and completely blocked AA release, A phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) inhibitor blocked the monensin-induced AA release without affecting the [Ca2+](i) increase. Inhibition of PKC prevented 87% to 94% of the monensin-stimulated All. release, The monensin-induced AA release was also inhibited 94% by pertussis and 51% by a MAP kinase cascade inhibitor, Conclusions: The results suggest that monensin initiates an increase in [Ca2+](i), via a Na+/Ca2+ exchange mechanism that triggers more pronounced and sustained [Ca2+](i) increase via activation of PLC and Ca2+ influx. The PLC activation, followed by sustained Ca2+ influx and PKC activation, is a prerequisite for PLA(2)-mediated processes in monensin-challenged FRTL-5 thyroid cells. C1 Univ Illinois, Coll Med, Dept Clin Pharmacol, Peoria, IL 61656 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Clin Physiol, Div Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Mayo Clin Jacksonville, Div Endocrinol, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA. RP Wang, XD (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin Hosp & Clin, Dept Pathol, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53792 USA. NR 50 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 1081-5589 J9 J INVEST MED JI J. Invest. Med. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 47 IS 8 BP 388 EP 396 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC General & Internal Medicine; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 237FB UT WOS:000082643700016 PM 10510591 ER PT J AU Schiano, JL Routhier, T Blauch, AJ Ginsberg, MD AF Schiano, JL Routhier, T Blauch, AJ Ginsberg, MD TI Feedback optimization of pulse width in the SORC sequence SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE LA English DT Article DE nuclear quadrupole resonance; strong off-resonant comb sequence; pulse parameter optimization; feedback control; gradient method ID NUCLEAR-QUADRUPOLE RESONANCE; N-14 NQR AB A method for increasing the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) measurements by automatically adjusting a pulse parameter in real-time is presented. This approach is useful in situations where the optimal pulse parameters cannot be chosen beforehand due to lack of knowledge regarding the system. For example, NQR provides a means for detecting explosives by revealing the presence of N-14. In this particular application, the distance between the search coil and the explosive, as well as the temperature of the explosive, is unknown. As a result, a fixed set of pulse parameters will not yield the largest SNR for all possible search applications. This paper describes a feedback algorithm that uses measurements of the NQR signal to automatically adjust the pulse width in the strong off-resonant comb sequence to maximize the SNR of the NQR measurement. Experimental results obtained using a sample of sodium nitrite are presented. (C) 1999 Academic Press. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. US Coast Guard, Command & Control Engn Ctr, Portsmouth, VA 23703 USA. USA, Construct Engn Res Labs, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. RP Schiano, JL (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, 227D Elect Engn W, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1090-7807 J9 J MAGN RESON JI J. Magn. Reson. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 140 IS 1 BP 84 EP 90 DI 10.1006/jmre.1999.1824 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physics; Spectroscopy GA 238GZ UT WOS:000082703700008 PM 10479551 ER PT J AU Farr, JV AF Farr, JV TI An on-line education SO JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Mil Acad, Engn Management Program, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Farr, JV (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Engn Management Program, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA SN 0742-597X J9 J MANAGE ENG JI J. Manage. Eng. PD SEP-OCT PY 1999 VL 15 IS 5 BP 13 EP 13 PG 1 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 226GK UT WOS:000082011800009 ER PT J AU Viswanathan, NK Kim, DY Bian, SP Williams, J Liu, W Li, L Samuelson, L Kumar, J Tripathy, SK AF Viswanathan, NK Kim, DY Bian, SP Williams, J Liu, W Li, L Samuelson, L Kumar, J Tripathy, SK TI Surface relief structures on azo polymer films SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID POLARIZATION HOLOGRAPHIC GRATINGS; PHOTOINDUCED TRANSLATION DIFFUSION; LIQUID-CRYSTALLINE POLYESTER; GLASS-TRANSITION TEMPERATURE; CHAIN AZOBENZENE POLYESTERS; NONLINEAR-OPTICAL POLYMERS; SIDE-CHAIN; DIFFRACTION GRATINGS; FUNCTIONALIZED POLYMERS; LASER IRRADIATION AB All optical fabrication of Surface Relief Grating (SRG) on azobenzene functionalized polymer films is reviewed in this article. The uniqueness of the single step erasable photofabrication of large amplitude surface relief structures on azo polymer films is mainly due to the photoisomerization and photoanisotropic behavior of the azobenzene group. The design and synthesis of several classes of suitable azobenzene functionalized polymers for the SRG formation is presented. Experimental studies are carried out in a systematic manner to understand the chemical and physical intricacies involved in the SRG formation process. Structural requirements and their limitations for the efficient fabrication of SRGs on azo functionalized polymer films are also discussed. Understanding the fundamental mechanism of SRG formation on the azo functionalized polymer films enables us to make use of these structures in a variety of applications. C1 Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Ctr Adv Mat, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Dept Phys, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Dept Chem, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. Mol Technol Inc, Westford, MA 01886 USA. USA, Soldier & Biol Chem Command, Soldier Syst Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Tripathy, SK (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Ctr Adv Mat, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. RI kim, dong yu/C-1106-2008 NR 109 TC 543 Z9 551 U1 12 U2 80 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 9 IS 9 BP 1941 EP 1955 DI 10.1039/a902424g PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 231QB UT WOS:000082320400008 ER PT J AU Balogh, L Valluzzi, R Laverdure, KS Gido, SP Hagnauer, GL Tomalia, DA AF Balogh, Lajos Valluzzi, Regina Laverdure, Kenneth S. Gido, Samuel P. Hagnauer, Gary L. Tomalia, Donald A. TI Formation of silver and gold dendrimer nanocomposites SO JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE dendrimers; nanoparticles; polymer-inorganic nanocomposites; templates AB Structural types of dendrimer nanocomposites have been studied and the respective formation mechanisms have been described, with illustration of nanocomposites formed from poly(amidoamine) PAMAM dendrimers and zerovalent metals, such as gold and silver. Structure of {(Au(0))(n-)PAMAM} and {(Ag(0))(n-)PAMAM} gold and silver dendrimer nanocomposites was found to be the function of the dendrimer structure and surface groups as well as the formation mechanism and the chemistry involved. Three different types of single nanocomposite architectures have been identified, such as internal ('I'), external ('E') and mixed ('M') type nanocomposites. Both the organic and inorganic phase could form nanosized pseudo-continuous phases while the other components are dispersed at the molecular or atomic level either in the interior or on the surface of the template/container. Single units of these nanocomposites may be used as building blocks in the synthesis of nanostructured materials. C1 [Balogh, Lajos; Tomalia, Donald A.] Univ Michigan, Ctr Biol Nanotechnol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Valluzzi, Regina] Tufts Biotechnol Ctr, Dept Chem Technol, Medford, MA 02155 USA. [Laverdure, Kenneth S.; Gido, Samuel P.] Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Hagnauer, Gary L.] USA, AMSRL WM MA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. [Tomalia, Donald A.] ARL MMI Dendrit Polymers Ctr Excellence Michigan, Midland, MI 48640 USA. RP Balogh, L (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Ctr Biol Nanotechnol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. OI Balogh, Lajos/0000-0002-3115-0787 FU Army Research Laboratory [DAAL-01-1996-02-0044]; MRSEC central facilities at the University of Massachusetts; Army Research Office [DAAE55-98-1-0116] FX This work was performed at the ARL-MMI Dendrimer Center of Excellence sponsored by the Army Research Laboratory under the contract of DAAL-01-1996-02-0044. High resolution TEM measurements were carried out at the W.M. Keck Electron Microscopy Laboratory at the University of Massachusetts Amherst. Support for this work was obtained from the MRSEC central facilities at the University of Massachusetts and from the Army Research Office under contract DAAE55-98-1-0116. NR 55 TC 137 Z9 138 U1 0 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-0764 J9 J NANOPART RES JI J. Nanopart. Res. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 1 IS 3 BP 353 EP 368 DI 10.1023/A:1010060404024 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA V19IU UT WOS:000208066900005 ER PT J AU Rooney, RC Rooney, RC AF Rooney, RC Rooney, RC TI Anterior tibial aneurysm following inversion injury to the ankle SO JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC TRAUMA LA English DT Article DE tibial aneurysm; ankle injury; arterial injury ID ARTERY ANEURYSMS; FALSE ANEURYSM; PSEUDOANEURYSM AB Arterial injuries in nonpenetrating low-energy injuries to the extremities are rare but can occur when joint injuries put the vessels in traction against their immobile attachments to the long bones. The most common injuries are to the popliteal artery (because of its tethered nature proximal to the popliteal fossa) and the brachial artery (because it is tethered to the humerus proximal to the elbow). The second reported case of an aneurysm of the anterior tibial artery resulting from an inversion injury to the ankle is described. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Orthopaed Surg Serv, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. So Ohio Med Ctr, Portsmouth, OH USA. RP Rooney, RC (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Orthopaed Surg Serv, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0890-5339 J9 J ORTHOP TRAUMA JI J. Orthop. Trauma PD SEP-OCT PY 1999 VL 13 IS 7 BP 511 EP 513 DI 10.1097/00005131-199909000-00010 PG 3 WC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA 239LY UT WOS:000082770700010 PM 10513976 ER PT J AU Kirby, AW Clayton, M Rivera, P Comperatore, CA AF Kirby, AW Clayton, M Rivera, P Comperatore, CA TI Melatonin and the reduction or alleviation of stress SO JOURNAL OF PINEAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE female; human; melatonin; prolactin; stress ID ACUTE PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESS; NORMALLY CYCLING WOMEN; PROLACTIN SECRETION; JET-LAG; CIRCADIAN-RHYTHM; PLASMA MELATONIN; GROWTH-HORMONE; THERMAL-STRESS; CORTISOL; HUMANS AB In a double blind and placebo controlled study designed to investigate the effect of melatonin administration at 13:00 hr on menstrual characteristics, prolactin, and premenstrual syndrome-like symptoms during simulated eastward travel, it was noted that melatonin reduces or alleviates the stress associated with the simulated travel. Bright lights were utilized to simulate eastward movement across six time zones. Melatonin (10 mg) was given to healthy females for 5 consecutive days during the late follicular and early luteal phases of the menstrual cycle. Hourly blood samples, used for analysis of melatonin and prolactin levels, were obtained for 24 hr before entering the dose administration phase of the study and again on the last dose day. Volunteers also completed a profile of moods state questionnaire upon waking on each of 8 days which overlapped the in-house dose administration days. The placebo group showed a prolactin peak at 13:00 hr (dose time) on the last dose day/blood draw, while the melatonin group showed a prolactin peak at 15:00 hr. The prolactin peak at 13:00 hr is likely the result of stress, since stress is known to elicit the release of prolactin. The peak at 15:00 hr in the melatonin group was likely elicited by the administration of melatonin. Stress reduction in the melatonin group was supported by results from the profile of moods state questionnaire. The melatonin group consistently demonstrated scores indicative of less stress. C1 UES Inc, Dayton, OH USA. USA, Aeromed Res Lab, Ft Rucker, AL USA. RP Kirby, AW (reprint author), UES, POB 577, Ft Rucker, AL 36362 USA. NR 32 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0742-3098 J9 J PINEAL RES JI J. Pineal Res. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 27 IS 2 BP 78 EP 85 DI 10.1111/j.1600-079X.1999.tb00600.x PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Neurosciences; Physiology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Neurosciences & Neurology; Physiology GA 234FT UT WOS:000082474400003 PM 10496143 ER PT J AU Larosiliere, LM Skoch, GJ Prahst, PS AF Larosiliere, LM Skoch, GJ Prahst, PS TI Aerodynamic synthesis of a centrifugal impeller using computational fluid dynamics and measurements SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE 33rd Joint Propulsion Conference CY JUL 06-09, 1998 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON SP AIAA, ASME, SAE, ASEE AB The performance and flow structure in an unshrouded impeller of approximately 4:1 pressure ratio is synthesized from a detailed analysis of three-dimensional viscous computational fluid dynamics (CFD) results and aerodynamic measurements. A good data match was obtained between CFD and measurements using laser anemometry and pneumatic probes. This solidified the role of the CFD model as a reliable representation of the impeller internal flow structure and integrated performance. Results are presented showing the loss production and secondary flow structure in the impeller. The results indicate that, while the overall impeller efficiency is high, the impeller shroud static-pressure recovery potential is underdeveloped, leading to a performance degradation in the downstream diffusing element. Thus, a case is made for a follow-on impeller parametric design study to improve the flow quality. A strategy for aerodynamic performance enhancement Is outlined; and an estimate of the gain in overall impeller efficiency that might be realized through improvements to the relative diffusion process is provided. C1 NASA, John H Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NYMA Inc, Brook Pk, OH 44142 USA. RP Larosiliere, LM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD SEP-OCT PY 1999 VL 15 IS 5 BP 623 EP 632 DI 10.2514/2.5486 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 235YL UT WOS:000082571400002 ER PT J AU Mishchenko, MI Videen, G AF Mishchenko, MI Videen, G TI Single-expansion EBCM computations for osculating spheres SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Light Scattering by Nonspherical Particles - Theory, Measurements, and Applications CY SEP 29-OCT 01, 1998 CL GODDAARD INST SPACE STUDIES, NEW YORK, NY HO GODDAARD INST SPACE STUDIES ID LIGHT-SCATTERING; ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING AB We show that the standard, single-expansion extended boundary condition method provides convergent scattering results for osculating dielectric spheres and discuss the implications of this result. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. USA, Res Lab, AMSRL IS EE, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025 USA. EM crmim@giss.nasa.gov RI Mishchenko, Michael/D-4426-2012 NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 EI 1879-1352 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD SEP-DEC PY 1999 VL 63 IS 2-6 BP 231 EP 236 DI 10.1016/S0022-4073(99)00047-3 PG 6 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 230VX UT WOS:000082273300009 ER PT J AU de la Pena, JL Saiz, JM Valle, PJ Gonzalez, F Moreno, F Videen, G AF de la Pena, JL Saiz, JM Valle, PJ Gonzalez, F Moreno, F Videen, G TI Enhanced backscatter from monodisperse contaminants on a substrate SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Light Scattering by Nonspherical Particles - Theory, Measurements, and Applications CY SEP 29-OCT 01, 1998 CL GODDAARD INST SPACE STUDIES, NEW YORK, NEW YORK HO GODDAARD INST SPACE STUDIES ID LIGHT-SCATTERING; CONDUCTING PLANE; SURFACES; PARTICLE AB Enhanced backscatter has been used to characterize rough, irregular substrates and polydispersions of contaminants on a substrate. For monodisperse contaminants, the enhanced-backscatter peak can be obscured by the structure of the total intensity signal. Averaging backscatter intensities from a substrate contaminated by monodisperse contaminants when the system is illuminated by plane waves of different incident angles removes the structure of the individual intensity signals, isolating the backscatter peak. The resulting peak contains information which can be used to characterize the contaminants. We demonstrate this technique by modeling the size and shape of this peak for monodisperse spherical contaminants on a substrate and comparing these results with experimental measurements. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL IS EE, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Univ Cantabria, Dept Fis Aplicada, Grp Opt, E-39005 Santander, Spain. RP Videen, G (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL IS EE, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Valle, Pedro/H-2630-2015; OI Valle, Pedro/0000-0001-6979-1267; SAIZ, JOSE MARIA/0000-0003-3713-9877 NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD SEP-DEC PY 1999 VL 63 IS 2-6 BP 383 EP 392 DI 10.1016/S0022-4073(99)00026-6 PG 10 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 230VX UT WOS:000082273300019 ER PT J AU Brown, BT Mills, GS Powels, C Russell, WA Therres, GD Pottie, JJ AF Brown, BT Mills, GS Powels, C Russell, WA Therres, GD Pottie, JJ TI The influence of weapons-testing noise on Bald Eagle behavior SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Bald Eagle; Haliaeetus leucocephalus; behavior; Chesapeake Bay; human disturbance; Maryland; noise effects ID NORTHERN CHESAPEAKE BAY; AIRCRAFT NOISE; RESPONSES AB We studied the influence of weapons-testing noise on Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) behavior at the Aberdeen Proving Ground (APG), Maryland, in 1995. Our objectives were to document and compare eagle behavior at times with and without weapons-testing noise, determine if the frequency of behavior after noise increased with increasing sound levels and compare nest success and productivity on APG with that of adjacent areas of Maryland. Most roosting (72.7%) and nesting (92.7%) eagles showed no activity (i.e., perched motionless) in the 2-sec interval following weapons-testing noise. The most frequent activity following noise was a head turn, exhibited by 18.2% of roosting and 0.7% of nesting eagles; other eagle activities following noise (e.g., body movement, vocalization and flight) were rare at both roosts (9.1%) and nests (6.6%). Frequency of activity after noise differed between adults and juveniles at nests, but did not differ between adults and immatures at roosts. Activity after noise occurred significantly more in roosting than nesting eagles. For roosting eagles, frequency of activity after noise was similar to activity at times without noise. Frequency of no activity versus activity after noise did not vary at sound intensity levels greater than or equal to 110 and <110 dBP for either nesting or roosting eagles. Nest success and productivity on APG did not differ from nest success and productivity in adjacent counties of Maryland from 1990-95, suggesting that weapons-testing noise did not influence eagle reproduction at the population lever. C1 SWCA Inc, Environmental Consultants, Salt Lake City, UT 84102 USA. SWCA Inc, Environm Consultants, Tucson, AZ 85701 USA. SWCA Inc, Environm Consultants, North East, MD 21901 USA. USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, MCHB DC EEN, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Maryland Dept Nat Resources, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. USA, Directorate Safety Hlth & Environm, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Brown, BT (reprint author), SWCA Inc, Environmental Consultants, 230 S 500 East,Suite 230, Salt Lake City, UT 84102 USA. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 33 IS 3 BP 227 EP 232 PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 249VN UT WOS:000083354100005 ER PT J AU Moorman, CE Howell, DL Chapman, BR AF Moorman, CE Howell, DL Chapman, BR TI Nesting ecology of Red-shouldered and Red-tailed Hawks in Georgia SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Red-shouldered Hawk; Red-tailed Hawk; Buteo lineatus; Buteo jamaicensis; reproductive success; nest-site reoccupancy; nesting chronology ID HABITAT USE; MANAGEMENT; FOREST C1 Univ Georgia, Daniel B Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. PWBC, AFZA PW EW, Wildlife Branch, Ft Bragg, NC 28307 USA. RP Moorman, CE (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Extens Forestry, Box 8003, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 33 IS 3 BP 248 EP 251 PG 4 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 249VN UT WOS:000083354100009 ER PT J AU Fallon, MT Shafer, W Jacob, E AF Fallon, MT Shafer, W Jacob, E TI Use of cefazolin microspheres to treat localized methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in rats SO JOURNAL OF SURGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE cefazolin; microspheres; MRSA; rat ID WOUND-INFECTION; NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION; SYSTEMIC ANTIBIOTICS; PREVENTION; EFFICACY; MODEL AB Background. In a previous study, the topical administration of biodegradable, controlled-release poly-(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) cefazolin microspheres could effectively prevent surgical wound infections with a sensitive strain of Staphylococcus aureus in an experimental animal model. The objective of the current study was to evaluate and compare the efficacy of topical antibiotic therapy with cefazolin microspheres to systemic cefazolin therapy for the treatment of experimental rat surgical wounds contaminated with a methicillin-resistant strain of S. aureus (MRSA). Methods. A local infection model in rats was used. MRSA was used to infect pockets surgically produced in the paraspinous muscles. Groups of rats received either topical cefazolin microspheres, topical cefazolin powder, parenteral cefazolin, or no treatment. Feces were cultured to evaluate the effect of antibiotic therapy on gut flora. Results. The rate of clinical wound infection following topical application of cefazolin microspheres (13%) was significantly lower than the 53% infection rate observed in rats who had received a 2-week course of systemic cefazolin therapy (P = 0.046). Moreover, single-dose topical antibiotic therapy with cefazolin microspheres completely eradicated MRSA from the wounds of 7 of 15 (47%) animals. There was no statistically significant difference, however, in the rate of clinical wound infection between rats whose wounds were treated topically with free cefazolin powder and those treated with systemic cefazolin (P = 0.12). Importantly, selection of antibiotic-resistant bacteria was associated with systemic but not local cefazolin therapy. Conclusion. The results of this study suggest that topical antibiotic therapy with controlled-release cefazolin microspheres may be effective for the prevention of wound infection with both methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant strains of S. aureus in selected surgical procedures that are at high risk of developing postoperative wound infection. C1 Atlantic VAMC, Res Serv 151V, Decatur, GA 30033 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Microbiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC USA. RP Fallon, MT (reprint author), Atlantic VAMC, Res Serv 151V, 1670 Clairmont Rd, Decatur, GA 30033 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI43316] NR 33 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4804 J9 J SURG RES JI J. Surg. Res. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 86 IS 1 BP 97 EP 102 DI 10.1006/jsre.1999.5686 PG 6 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 232CC UT WOS:000082347300015 PM 10452874 ER PT J AU Schomer, PD AF Schomer, PD TI Comments on "A field survey on the annoyance caused by sounds from large firearms and road traffic" [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 104, 2890-2902 (1998)] SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Editorial Material ID TRANSPORTATION NOISE AB Buchta and Vos [J. Acoust. Sec. Am. 104, 2890-2902 (1998)] have recently analyzed one set of blast-sound attitudinal survey data. From this survey, they conclude that annoyance increases less rapidly with level for high-energy impulsive sounds than it does for conventional sounds like road traffic noise, a result that is at odds with a significant number of research results. This paper discusses the analysis by Buchta and Vos and points to several areas in their analysis that might cause their results to depart from the results found by others. Specifically, it appears that the communities in their study exhibit abnormally high levels of annoyance to noise. Also, the great majority of the data that they analyze are below the threshold at which people in the community will notice these sounds. These factors may account for the results found. (C) 1999 Acoustical Society of America. [S0001-4966(99)03509-2]. C1 USA, Construct Engn Res Lab, Champaign, IL 61821 USA. RP Schomer, PD (reprint author), USA, Construct Engn Res Lab, Champaign, IL 61821 USA. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 106 IS 3 BP 1594 EP 1597 DI 10.1121/1.427177 PN 1 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 238EW UT WOS:000082698800042 ER PT J AU Taylor, AJ Burke, AP Farb, A Yousefi, P Malcom, GT Smialek, J Virmani, R AF Taylor, AJ Burke, AP Farb, A Yousefi, P Malcom, GT Smialek, J Virmani, R TI Arterial remodeling in the left coronary system - The role of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SERIAL INTRAVASCULAR ULTRASOUND; AMERICAN-HEART-ASSOCIATION; COMPENSATORY ENLARGEMENT; IN-VIVO; ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES; MYOCARDIAL-ISCHEMIA; FEMORAL ARTERIES; VASCULAR-LESIONS; SHEAR-STRESS; DISEASE AB OBJECTIVES We sought to evaluate the plaque and patient variables related to arterial remodeling responses of early, de novo atherosclerotic lesions involving the left coronary artery. BACKGROUND Coronary artery remodeling is a lesion-specific process involving either enlargement or shrinkage of atherosclerotic coronary arteries. There are little histologic data available correlating plaque morphologic and patient clinical characteristics with the degree and type of arterial remodeling in early atherosclerosis. METHODS We studied 736 serial arterial sections from the left coronary system of 97 autopsy cases (mean age 33 +/- 11 years) by correlating the arterial remodeling response to plaque with demographic, serologic and histologic variables. Using the most proximal section as a reference, and considering the expected degree of internal elastic lamina tapering, remodeling was classified as positive (including neutral remodeling or compensatory enlargement) or negative. RESULTS Remodeling was classified as positive in 84.3% (compensatory in 30.6%) and negative in 15.7% of sections with an overall mean luminal stenosis of 10.4 +/- 9.9%. In the lesions with the greatest arterial cross-sectional narrowing from each case, compensatory enlargement was associated with higher high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (59.4 +/- 27.2 mg/dl) compared with either neutral (49.3 +/- 15.5 mg/dl) or negative remodeling (30.4 +/- 5.2 mg/dl; p = 0.019). In subjects with advanced atherosclerosis (maximum American Heart Association histologic grade 5 atherosclerosis), there was a modest linear relationship between higher HDL cholesterol and the propensity for positive remodeling (r(2) = 0.37; p = 0.025). On multivariate analysis, only HDL cholesterol was related to the arterial remodeling response. CONCLUSIONS Negative arterial remodeling occurs in early atherosclerosis. Higher HDL cholesterol may favor positive remodeling. (J Am Coll Cardiol 1999;34:760-7) (C) 1999 by the American College of Cardiology. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Hematol & Vasc Biol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Louisiana State Univ, New Orleans, LA USA. Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Div Cardiovasc, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Virmani, R (reprint author), Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Div Cardiovasc, 14th St & Alaska Ave NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 41 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0735-1097 J9 J AM COLL CARDIOL JI J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 34 IS 3 BP 760 EP 767 DI 10.1016/S0735-1097(99)00275-2 PG 8 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 232PZ UT WOS:000082380300023 PM 10483958 ER PT J AU Turell, MJ Barth, J Coleman, RE AF Turell, MJ Barth, J Coleman, RE TI Potential for Central American mosquitoes to transmit epizootic and enzootic strains of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Culex (Melanoconion) ocossa; Culex (Melanoconion) taeniopus; Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus; transmission ID VALLEY FEVER VIRUS; ENCEPHALOMYELITIS VIRUS; CULEX-PIPIENS; DISSEMINATION; MICROFILARIAE; HOST AB Experimental studies were undertaken to compare the vector competence of Culex (Melanoconion) taeniopus Dyar and Knab, Culex (Melanoconion) ocossa Dyar and Knab, and Psorophora confinnis (Lynch Arribalzalga) from Central America for epizootic (IAB) and enzootic (IE) strains of Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) virus. Virus infection and dissemination rates were significantly higher in Cx. taeniopus orally exposed to IE as compared to those orally exposed to IAB virus. In contrast, both infection and dissemination rates were similar in Cx. ocossa exposed to either IAB or IE strains of VEE virus. Thus, susceptibility to epizootic and enzootic strains of VEE virus seems to be species specific within the subgenus Culex (Melanoconion). Both species transmitted each strain of VEE virus after intrathoracic inoculation, indicating that a midgut barrier affected vector competence in these species. Psorophora confinnis was equally susceptible to both IAB and IE viruses, but apparently had a salivary gland barrier, as only 1 of 16 mosquitoes with a disseminated infection transmitted VEE virus by bite. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Turell, MJ (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, 1425 Porter St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 25 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSN INC PI LAKE CHARLES PA 2200 E PRIEN LAKE RD, LAKE CHARLES, LA 70601 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 15 IS 3 BP 295 EP 298 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 231NK UT WOS:000082316500007 PM 10480118 ER PT J AU Debboun, M Strickman, D Klein, TA Glass, JA Wylie, E Laughinghouse, A Wirtz, RA Gupta, RK AF Debboun, M Strickman, D Klein, TA Glass, JA Wylie, E Laughinghouse, A Wirtz, RA Gupta, RK TI Laboratory evaluation of AI3-37220, AI3-35765, CIC-4, and deet repellents against three species of mosquitoes SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Aedes aegypti; Anopheles stephensi; Culex quinquefasciatus; piperidines; lactone; in vitro ID FIELD-EVALUATION; N,N-DIETHYL-M-TOLUAMIDE DEET; 4 REPELLENTS; DIPTERA; CULICIDAE; FORMULATIONS; PERMETHRIN; PROTECTION; EXPOSURE; DISEASE AB Four repellents, N,N-diethyl-3-methyl-benzamide (deet), 2-hydroxy-methyl-cyclohexyl acetic acid lactone (CIC-4), and 2 piperidines (1-[3-cyclohexen-1-ylcarbonyl] piperidine [AI3-35765] and 1-[3-cyclohexen-1-ylcarbonyl]-2-methylpiperidine [AI3-37220]) were evaluated alone and in combination against Aedes aegypti, Anopheles stephensi, and Culex quinquefasciatus using a modified in vitro test system. This method was a valuable tool for comparing effective concentrations of the new compounds. Because of the controlled conditions of the test, it was possible to use the results of assays that had been conducted over a 5-year period and to perform the many replications necessary to evaluate combinations of compounds. The new candidate repellents were generally as effective as deet. Although speculative at this time, there was some evidence of synergistic interaction. Repellent combinations of CIC-4/AI3-37220/AI3-35767, deet/AI3-35765, and deet/AI3-37220/AI3-35765 against An. stephensi and CIC-4/AI3-35765, deet/AI3-37220/AI3-35765, AI3-37220/AI3-35765, and CIC-4/AI3-37220 against Ae. aegypti were more effective than the component compounds alone. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Commun Dis & Immunol, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NIAID, Parasit Dis Lab, Malaria Sect, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Entomol Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. USA, Med Res & Mat Command, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Debboun, M (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Commun Dis & Immunol, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 41 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSN INC PI LAKE CHARLES PA 2200 E PRIEN LAKE RD, LAKE CHARLES, LA 70601 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 15 IS 3 BP 342 EP 347 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 231NK UT WOS:000082316500015 PM 10480126 ER PT J AU Sacco, WJ MacKenzie, EJ Champion, HR Davis, EG Buckman, RF AF Sacco, WJ MacKenzie, EJ Champion, HR Davis, EG Buckman, RF TI Comparison of alternative methods for assessing injury severity based on anatomic Descriptors SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article ID TRAUMA CARE; TRISS METHOD; SCORE TRISS; PREDICTORS; REVISION; ASCOT; ICISS AB Background: There is mounting confusion as to which anatomic scoring systems can be used to adequately control for trauma case mis when predicting patient survival. Methods: Several Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) and International Classification of Disease Clinical (ICD-9CM) -based methods of scoring severity were compared by using data from the Pennsylvania Trauma Outcome Study, By using a design dataset, the probability of survival was modeled as a function of each score or profile. Resulting coefficients were used to derive expected probabilities in a test dataset; expected and observed probabilities were then compared by using standard measures of discrimination and calibration. Results: The modified Anatomic Profile, Anatomic Profile, and New Injury Severity Score outperformed the International Classification of Disease-based Injury Severity Score. This finding remains true when AIS values are obtained by means of a conversion from International Classification of Disease to AIS, Conclusion: Results support the integrity of the AIS and argue for its continued use in research and evaluation. The modified Anatomic Profile, Anatomic Profile, and New Injury Severity Score, however, should be used in preference to the Injury Severity Score as an overall measure of severity. C1 Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Bel Air, Baltimore, MD USA. ThinkSharp Inc, Baltimore, MD USA. USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. Temple Univ Hosp, Philadelphia, PA 19140 USA. RP Champion, HR (reprint author), Univ Maryland, 22 S Greene St, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. FU PHS HHS [R49/CCR302486] NR 29 TC 77 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1079-6061 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD SEP PY 1999 VL 47 IS 3 BP 441 EP 446 DI 10.1097/00005373-199909000-00001 PG 6 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 236PL UT WOS:000082607700001 PM 10498295 ER PT J AU Bauer, JJ Bishoff, JT Moore, RG Chen, RN Iverson, AJ Kavoussi, LR AF Bauer, JJ Bishoff, JT Moore, RG Chen, RN Iverson, AJ Kavoussi, LR TI Laparoscopic versus open pyeloplasty: Assessment of objective and subjective outcome SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE laparoscopy; pain measurement; outcome assessment (health care) ID URETEROPELVIC JUNCTION OBSTRUCTION; DISMEMBERED PYELOPLASTY; ENDOPYELOTOMY; COMPLICATIONS; RETROGRADE; VESSELS; REPAIR AB Purpose: We determine the subjective and objective durability of laparoscopic versus open pyeloplasty. Materials and Methods: From August 1993 to April 1997, 42 patients underwent laparoscopic pyeloplasty (laparoscopy group) with a minimum clinical followup of 12 months (mean 22). Subjective outcomes and objective findings were compared to those of 35 patients who underwent open pyeloplasty (open surgery group) from August 1986 to April 1997 with a minimum clinical followup of 12 months (mean 58). We assessed clinical outcome based on responses to a subjective analog pain and activity scale. In addition, radiographic outcome was assessed based on the results of the most recent radiographic study. Results: Of the 42 laparoscopy group patients 90% (38) were pain-free (26, 62%) or had significant improvement in flank pain (12, 29%) after surgery. Two patients had only minor improvement and 2 had no improvement in pain. Surgery failed in only 1 patient with complete obstruction. A patent ureteropelvic junction was demonstrated in 98% (41 of 42 patients) of the laparoscopy group on the most recent radiographic study (mean radiographic followup 15 months). Of the 35 open surgery group patients 91% were pain-free (21, 60%) or significantly improved (11, 31%) after surgery. One patient had only minor improvement and 2 were worse. Conclusions: Pain relief, improved activity level and relief of obstruction outcomes are equivalent for laparoscopic and open pyeloplasty. C1 Johns Hopkins Bayview Med Ctr, James Buchanan Brady Urol Inst, Dept Surg, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Serv Urol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Serv Urol, Dept Surg, San Antonio, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Urol Serv, Dept Surg, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. St Louis Univ, Div Urol, Dept Surg, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. RP Kavoussi, LR (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bayview Med Ctr, James Buchanan Brady Urol Inst, Dept Surg, 4940 Eastern Ave, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. NR 26 TC 150 Z9 165 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 162 IS 3 BP 692 EP 695 DI 10.1097/00005392-199909010-00016 PN 1 PG 4 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 225NE UT WOS:000081967000015 PM 10458344 ER PT J AU Jackson, MR Gillespie, DL Longenecker, EG Goff, JM Fiala, LA O'Donnell, SD Gomperts, ED Navalta, LA Hestlow, T Alving, BM AF Jackson, MR Gillespie, DL Longenecker, EG Goff, JM Fiala, LA O'Donnell, SD Gomperts, ED Navalta, LA Hestlow, T Alving, BM TI Hemostatic efficacy of fibrin sealant (human) on expanded polytetrafluoroethylene carotid patch angioplasty: A randomized clinical trial SO JOURNAL OF VASCULAR SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Annual Meeting of the Southern-Association-for-Vascular-Surgery CY JAN 27-30, 1999 CL NAPLES, FLORIDA SP So Assoc Vasc Surg ID VIRAL-INFECTION; LOW-RISK; ADHESIVE; CONCENTRATE; OPERATIONS; COLLAGEN; INJURY; MODEL; GLUE AB Purpose: The efficacy of solvent-detergent-treated fibrin sealant (human [FSH]) for controlling anastomotic bleeding from expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) patch angioplasty during carotid endarterectomy was evaluated, and FSH was compared with thrombin-soaked gelatin sponge (Gelfoam; TSG). Methods: The study was of a randomized, open-label, single-site, single-treatment, parallel design that took place in a referral center with hospitalized patients, forty-seven adult patients (33 men, 14 women) underwent elective carotid endarterectomy. Patients were randomized to receive either FSH (N = 24) or TSG (N = 23). FSH was obtained as an investigational new drug. FSH was applied as a liquid by means of a dual-syringe technique. Heparin anticoagulation, patch thickness, and suture type were standardized. Two different needle sizes were used (CV-6, PT-13: N = 21 [FSH: N = 10, TSG: N = 11]; CV-6, PT-9: N = 26 [FSH: N = 14, TSG: N = 13]). The FSH or TSG was applied to the ePTFE patch, and then blood flow was restored through the carotid artery. Degree of anticoagulation was assessed by anti-factor Xa activity. The time from restoration of carotid blood flow until achieving hemostasis was recorded. The blood loss from patch suture hole bleeding was measured. Completion intraoperative duplex ultrasound scanning was performed in all cases. Heparin was reversed with protamine sulfate. The primary end point was successful hemostasis within 15 minutes of restoration of carotid blood flow. The secondary end points were the amount of blood loss caused by suture line bleeding and the time to achieve hemostasis. Results: There was no difference in the number of patients with complete hemostasis at 15 minutes (TSG, 13 of 23; FSH, 12 of 24; P =.77). The measured blood loss was 99.0 +/- 119.9 (SD) mt for TSG, and 105.0 +/- 107.9 mt for FSH (P =.86). The time to hemostasis was the same for both groups (TSG, 16.5 +/- 16.5 minutes; FSH, 16.6 +/- 14.2 minutes; P =.97). Within both treatment groups, the use of larger needles (PT-13) was associated with greater blood loss (FSH, 169.7 +/- 124.2 mL; TSG, 172.7 +/- 151.5 mL) than was the use of smaller needles (PT-9; FSH, 58.8 +/- 66.3 mL; TSG, 34.1 +/- 25.6 mL; P =.036, P =.001, respectively). There were no postoperative strokes or bleeding com plications in either group. No abnormalities were shown in either group by means of completion carotid duplex ultrasound scanning. Conclusion: FSH was equivalent, but not superior to, TSG in achieving hemostasis during carotid endarterectomy performed with ePTFE patch angioplasty. Adhesion properties of FSH to ePTFE are possibly different than those to native tissue and warrant additional investigation. C1 Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Div Vasc Surg, Dallas, TX 75235 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Vasc Surg Serv, Dept Surg, Dallas, TX USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Hematol, Div Med, Dallas, TX USA. Baxter Healthcare Corp, Hyland Div, Dallas, TX USA. RP Jackson, MR (reprint author), Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Div Vasc Surg, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75235 USA. OI Gillespie, David/0000-0002-4378-9465 NR 20 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0741-5214 J9 J VASC SURG JI J. Vasc. Surg. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 30 IS 3 BP 461 EP 466 DI 10.1016/S0741-5214(99)70073-X PG 6 WC Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Surgery; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 234YP UT WOS:000082512200016 PM 10477639 ER PT J AU Burgess, LPA Holtel, MR Syms, MJ Birkmire-Peters, DP Peters, LJ Mashima, PA AF Burgess, LPA Holtel, MR Syms, MJ Birkmire-Peters, DP Peters, LJ Mashima, PA TI Overview of telemedicine applications for otolaryngology SO LARYNGOSCOPE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Laryngological-Rhinological-and-Otological-Society CY APR 26-28, 1999 CL PALM DESERT, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Laryngol Rhinol & Otol Soc DE telemedicine; telehealth; teleconsultation; teleproctored surgery AB Objective/Hypothesis: As we evolve into the managed care era, telemedicine technologies can help to provide efficiencies for the entire health care system. Our practice is centered around a residency training program in a federal facility. Our goal was to lay the groundwork for an entire service being on-line. Study Design: Prospective. Methods: The stepwise process is as follows: needs assessment to examine what part of the practice would lend itself to telemedicine deployment; usability studies to select the best equipment; study in-house to normalize the technology to the current standard of care comparing control subjects with experimental subjects; and deploying remote units to study remote referral. Results: Video-otoscopy captures the image of an eardrum that can be sent from a remote site in a store-forward mode. After normalizing the standard of care, the potential for diagnosing and treating certain ear conditions such as hearing loss is readily apparent. An audiogram, pertinent laboratory data, and history and physical performed by the referring primary care provider would allow the patient to be seen and triaged virtually. Time savings for the patient and the otolaryngologist would be gained. Initial data indicate a greater than 90% correlation with handheld otoscopy and binocular microscopy, In speech sciences, a need existed to evaluate and treat patients from remote sites where speech therapists are unavailable. The use of live video teleconferencing to evaluate and treat patients in-house has preliminary results that show no difference in outcomes. Studying the proctoring of remote surgeons is also a need, as one of our military missions. Initial data show no difference in outcomes when residents are proctored by attending physicians from a physically separated control room in the hospital. We also participate with the Internet Tumor Board, which links four remote sites with our medical center. Different sites scroll through the slides that are listed on a Web site while linking each site with audio teleconferencing. We are initiating Internet Grand Rounds using the same technology. Conclusion: These efforts performed in a stepwise approach will lead to an otolaryngology-head and neck surgery service that is on-line for the next millennium, with telemedicine advances normalized to the standard of care. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Burgess, LPA (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, 1 Jarrett White Rd, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 1 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0023-852X J9 LARYNGOSCOPE JI Laryngoscope PD SEP PY 1999 VL 109 IS 9 BP 1433 EP 1437 DI 10.1097/00005537-199909000-00014 PG 5 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Otorhinolaryngology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Otorhinolaryngology GA 233AT UT WOS:000082403900014 PM 10499050 ER PT J AU Houston, J AF Houston, J TI Nearshore and offshore modeling by the US army corps of engineers SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material AB The Corps of Engineers requires predictive models of hydrodynamic conditions in the nearshore and offshore to perform its civil works and military missions. To support these missions, the Corps has developed numerical models that predict tidal and wind-driven elevations and currents, directional-spectral wind-wave climatology, and groundwater movement and interaction with coastal surface waters. C1 USA, Waterways Expt Stn, Corps Engineers, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Houston, J (reprint author), USA, Waterways Expt Stn, Corps Engineers, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA C/O I CLAYION MATTHEWS, 1828 L ST, NW, 9TH FL, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0025-3324 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD FAL PY 1999 VL 33 IS 3 BP 93 EP 94 PG 2 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 255AY UT WOS:000083648400011 ER PT J AU Sweeney, RE Maxwell, DM AF Sweeney, RE Maxwell, DM TI A theoretical model of the competition between hydrolase and carboxylesterase in protection against organophosphorus poisoning SO MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE model; organophosphorus; carboxylesterase; acetylcholinesterase; OP hydrolase; LD50 ID SOMAN; MICE AB A system of coupled non-linear differential equations describing interactions between organophosphorus compounds (OPs), OP hydrolase, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and carboxylesterase (CaE) in a single compartment was derived incorporating irreversible combination of OP with AChE, hydrolytic breakdown of OF, and irreversible combination of OP with CaE. The equations were then uncoupled, providing non-linear differential equations on AChE, CaE and OP concentrations. One steady state solution of the AChE equation provided theoretical expressions for the amounts of OP hydrolyzed, bound with CaE, and bound with AChE. Assuming that the LD50 of an OP reflects the dose that depletes AChE to a 'minimal essential' level and that a single compartment model is applicable in vivo, the steady state solution becomes an equation predicting the LD50 from rate constants, initial enzyme levels, and the allowable AChE depletion. Normalization by initial AChE concentration produced a dimensionless relationship describing an 'OP toxicity surface' that clearly demonstrates regions where hydrolysis and CaE offer protection against OP poisoning. The surface can be used to theoretically predict an LD50 given only kinetic rate constants and effective whole-body AChE and CaE levels. Predictions of LD50s of seven OPs in rats were compared with published data. The relationship was found to adequately predict published LD50s spanning 5 orders of magnitude. The OP toxicity surface relationship provides a conceptual tool for use in OP toxicity research but should be particularly useful in predicting the relative protective effects of catalytic and stoichiometric scavenger mechanisms for an OF. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Res Engn Consultants, RESECO, Upper Darby, PA 19082 USA. USA, MRICD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Sweeney, RE (reprint author), Res Engn Consultants, RESECO, POB 2311, Upper Darby, PA 19082 USA. NR 9 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0025-5564 J9 MATH BIOSCI JI Math. Biosci. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 160 IS 2 BP 175 EP 190 DI 10.1016/S0025-5564(99)00028-0 PG 16 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 228LB UT WOS:000082137000003 PM 10472753 ER PT J AU Paulo, EP Malone, LC AF Paulo, EP Malone, LC TI Mathematical model of sectoring in 3D space SO MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTERS IN SIMULATION LA English DT Article DE fixed sectoring; dynamic sectoring; 3D autonomous objects; sector crossings AB This paper describes a mathematical model used to support an in-depth simulation study that investigated a variety of sectoring methodologies intended to increase simulation efficiency in the case of autonomous moving objects in 3D space. The potential physical systems that could be represented in this fashion are airplane traffic flow, combat entities on the ground and in the air, and blood flowing in the body. The mathematical model considers effect of possible collisions between moving objects, as well as the impact of overhead created by sector crossings. Different sectoring methodologies are analyzed, which consider the impact of different sector shapes (cubes or spheres) on the number of possible pairwise comparisons. Certain empirical data generated from the corresponding simulation was used for expected number of collisions and sector crossings. Future research could develop true mathematical formulations for each piece of the mathematical model. The mathematical model provides important information into the movement of objects in 3D space. It gave insight into the potential benefits of using different sectoring methodologies under varying conditions. Additionally, the model provided a new approach that included the effect of sector crossings on number of pairwise comparisons. (C) 1999 IMACS/Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Syst Engn, W Point, NY 10996 USA. Univ Cent Florida, Dept Ind Engn & Management Syst, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. RP Paulo, EP (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Syst Engn, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4754 J9 MATH COMPUT SIMULAT JI Math. Comput. Simul. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 49 IS 4-5 BP 285 EP 296 DI 10.1016/S0378-4754(99)00042-7 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 230LY UT WOS:000082253700003 ER PT J AU Kecskes, LJ AF Kecskes, LJ TI Hot explosive compaction of Mo-Ti alloys SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CONSOLIDATION AB The hot explosive compaction (HEC) technique developed for tungsten-titanium (W-Ti) alloys has been applied to molybdenum-titanium (Mo-Ti) alloys as well. The Mo + Ti powders were mixed and surrounded by an exothermic Ti + C mixture. The TiC reaction, when ignited, released a large amount of heat via a self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) reaction. Heat from the SHS reaction diffused into the Mo + Ti powder bed, causing the interior temperature to rise above 1500 degrees C. When the powder bed became isothermal, it was consolidated to high density by pressure waves generated by the detonation of an explosive. The amount of explosive charge and the molar ratio of exothermic mixture to sample were adjusted to produce full-density Mo-Ti alloy billets. The billets were sectioned and examined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), and microhardness measurements. In the context of the original fabrication process, the evolution of the resultant microstructure of the Mo-Ti product is described. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Kecskes, LJ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RI Kecskes, Laszlo/F-6880-2014 OI Kecskes, Laszlo/0000-0002-1342-3729 NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 30 IS 9 BP 2483 EP 2489 DI 10.1007/s11661-999-0257-8 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 234HG UT WOS:000082478100020 ER PT J AU Gilligan, MJ AF Gilligan, MJ TI Opening the gate?: An analysis of military law enforcement authority over civilian lawbreakers on and off the federal installation SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Article AB Fort Swampy is a large Army installation with exclusive federal jurisdiction. At 2200 one night, military policewoman Sergeant Lisa Smith is driving a police vehicle on traffic patrol when size receives mt order to pick up a shoplifter detained at the post exchange by a store detective. Upon arrival, she is shocked to see a mall run from the store, grab a woman standing at the gas pumps, violently push the woman into her car jump into the car,vith the woman, and speed away. Sergeant Smith pursues the vehicle for two miles at high speeds toward an exit gate that is only open during daytime. Finding the gate closed, the man exits the car climbs over the gate fence, and runs away. Sergeant Smith quickly ensures the woman is safe, then climbs the fence, draws her 9mm handgun, and pursues the man on foot, chasing him into a crowded trailer park. The man is exhausted, so she gains on him. At thirty feet, he suddenly turns in the darkness, it appears he has a gun. Sergeant Smith fires bamm, bamm!! The shots miss, but the man hits the ground and gives up. As reinforcements arrive, Sergeant Smith handcuffs the man and instructs another military police officer (MP to transport him to the MP station. C1 USA, Legal Serv Agcy, Litigat Div, Judge Advocate Gen Corps, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. RP Gilligan, MJ (reprint author), USA, Legal Serv Agcy, Litigat Div, Judge Advocate Gen Corps, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 USA SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 161 BP 1 EP 55 PG 55 WC Law SC Government & Law GA 237LW UT WOS:000082658700001 ER PT J AU Campanella, LM AF Campanella, LM TI The regulation of "body art" in the military: Piercing the veil of service members' constitutional rights SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Review C1 USA, Judge Advocate Gen Corps, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. RP Campanella, LM (reprint author), 101st Airborne Div Air Assault & Ft Campbell, Adv & Civil Law Div, Ft Campbell, KY 42223 USA. NR 99 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 USA SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 161 BP 56 EP 114 PG 59 WC Law SC Government & Law GA 237LW UT WOS:000082658700002 ER PT J AU Corn, GS AF Corn, GS TI Campell v. Clinton: The "implied consent" theory of presidential war power is again validated SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Article C1 USA, Judge Advocate Gen Sch, Judge Advocate Gen Corps, Int & Operat Law Dept, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. RP Corn, GS (reprint author), USA, Judge Advocate Gen Sch, Judge Advocate Gen Corps, Int & Operat Law Dept, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 USA SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 161 BP 202 EP 215 PG 14 WC Law SC Government & Law GA 237LW UT WOS:000082658700005 ER PT J AU Hudson, WM AF Hudson, WM TI Obeying orders: Atrocity, military discipline and the law of war SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, Judge Advocate Gen Sch, Criminal Law Dept, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. RP Hudson, WM (reprint author), USA, Judge Advocate Gen Sch, Criminal Law Dept, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 USA SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 161 BP 225 EP 236 PG 12 WC Law SC Government & Law GA 237LW UT WOS:000082658700007 ER PT J AU MacDonnell, TC AF MacDonnell, TC TI In the hands of providence SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, Judge Advocate Gen Sch, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. RP MacDonnell, TC (reprint author), USA, Judge Advocate Gen Sch, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 USA SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 161 BP 237 EP 241 PG 5 WC Law SC Government & Law GA 237LW UT WOS:000082658700008 ER PT J AU Sandberg, PR AF Sandberg, PR TI Carbohydrate loading and deploying forces SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID MUSCLE GLYCOGEN; ENDURANCE PERFORMANCE; EXERCISE PERFORMANCE; PROLONGED EXERCISE; INGESTION; SUBSEQUENT; RESYNTHESIS; METABOLISM; CAPACITY; RECOVERY AB The physical demands faced by soldiers of the U,S, Army are in many ways similar to those experienced by endurance-event athletes. Mission success, and even life itself, depend on physical stamina. This article examines the possibility that carbohydrate loading, as practiced by endurance athletes, may prove to be an ergogenic aid that enhances this endurance. Although the negative side effects of the classic carbohydrate-loading procedure would hinder the critical pre-mission activities, a modified carbohydrate-loading approach attains the same benefits without the adverse side effects, The mechanisms for implementing the modified carbohydrate-loading regimen ate already in place within the current unit structure of the U,S, Army. A proposed pilot study would ascertain if the current research data on carbohydrate loading could be generalized to the deploying soldiers of the U.S. Army. C1 Bravo Co, 2nd Batal, 3rd Special Forces Grp Airborne, Ft Bragg, NC 28307 USA. RP Sandberg, PR (reprint author), Bravo Co, 2nd Batal, 3rd Special Forces Grp Airborne, Ft Bragg, NC 28307 USA. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 164 IS 9 BP 636 EP 642 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 237BL UT WOS:000082633700009 PM 10495634 ER PT J AU Pearce, FJ Lyons, WS AF Pearce, FJ Lyons, WS TI Logistics of parenteral fluids in battlefield resuscitation SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB The paper discusses the substantial reduction in weight and volume of the fluids of resuscitation that is possible and desirable on the basis of sound physiology and the vast experience of the U.S. Army in four major wars in this century. We note the major shift in emphasis from massive colloid and whole blood in World War II and Korea to massive crystalloid and packed cells in Vietnam and the serious complications with which this was associated, These complications were edematous in nature and best known as the Da Nang lung, or adult respiratory distress syndrome, multiorgan dysfunction syndrome. and systemic inflammatory response syndrome. The advantage of colloid in reducing the weight and volume of resuscitation fluids in forward areas by 60% to 90%, as well as in avoiding the edematous complications of crystalloid-, are emphasized. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Surg, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Pearce, FJ (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Surg, Bldg 40,Room 3005, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 10 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 164 IS 9 BP 653 EP 655 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 237BL UT WOS:000082633700012 PM 10495637 ER PT J AU Battista, V Schwegmann, J AF Battista, V Schwegmann, J TI Review of injuries in a UH-60 midair collision SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HEIGHT; FALLS AB This paper examines the injury patterns seen in both survivors and nonsurvivors of a UH-60 in-flight collision, The medical records were reviewed and injuries were recorded. Thirty-seven individuals sustained more than 150 different injuries. Deaths occurred secondary to massive internal injuries. Head injuries accounted for the majority of injuries seen in survivors. Forty-one other fractures and 15 major organ injuries were recorded. Injury patterns that occurred secondary to inflight UH-60 collisions closely resemble those seen in Vertical falls. Military health care providers should be familiar with these types of injury patterns. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Primary Care, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Battista, V (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Primary Care, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 164 IS 9 BP 656 EP 657 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 237BL UT WOS:000082633700013 PM 10495638 ER PT J AU Harazin, J Berigan, TR AF Harazin, J Berigan, TR TI Zolpidem tartrate and somnambulism SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SLEEPWALKING AB A case is reported in which a patient experienced somnambulistic episodes only after taking zolpidem tartrate for insomnia. Previous to the patient's use of zolpidem tartrate he had never experienced sleepwalking, and once the medication was discontinued the sleepwalking stopped. A search of the literature revealed only two other cases of zolpidem-induced sleepwalking, both involving individuals with a previous history of somnambulism in their youth. C1 82d Airborne, Div Mental Hlth, Ft Bragg, NC 28307 USA. RP Harazin, J (reprint author), 82d Airborne, Div Mental Hlth, Ft Bragg, NC 28307 USA. NR 3 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 164 IS 9 BP 669 EP 670 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 237BL UT WOS:000082633700017 PM 10495642 ER PT J AU Kiang, JG Gist, ID Tsokos, GC AF Kiang, JG Gist, ID Tsokos, GC TI Biochemical requirements for the expression of heat shock protein 72 kDa in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE heat shock proteins; Ca2+; viability; heat; protein kinase C; protein kinase A; epithelia ID HUMAN EPIDERMOID-A-431 CELLS; GLUCOSE-REGULATED PROTEINS; A-431 CELLS; HAMSTER FIBROBLASTS; KINASE-C; ACTIVATION; INCREASES; (I); CALCIUM; GENE AB Heat shock alters the susceptibility of tumor cells to chemotherapeutic agents. Cultured breast cancer MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells that express high levels of heat shock protein 70 and 27 kDa are resistant to treatment with certain anticancer drugs. These findings indicate that expression of HSPs can negatively regulate the effectiveness of cytotoxic drugs. In this study, we conducted experiments to study the regulation of expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells exposed to heat shock by intracellular free Ca2+ and protein kinase C. Cells exposed to 44 degrees C for 20 min displayed increased expression of HSP-72 and GRP-94, that reached a maximum 4-5 h later and returned to baseline levels within 24 h. Levels of HSP-72 mRNA in cells exposed to heat shock increased, suggesting that the heat-induced increase in HSP-72 occurs at the transcriptional level. The synthesis of HSP-72 but not GRP-94 was inhibited when cells were exposed to heat shock in medium devoid of Ca2+ and attenuated by more than 50% when cells were pretreated with the calcium chelator BAPTA for 30 min prior to heat shock. HSP-72 synthesis was enhanced when cells were treated with the protein kinase C inhibitor, GF-109203X. These data indicate that Ca2+ and PKC are involved in regulation of HSP-72 synthesis. However, removal of external Ca2+ and treament with BAPTA, GF-109203X, or exposure to sublethal heat shock protected cells from subsequent thermal injury. The intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca2+](i)) in resting fura-2-loaded MCF-7 cells was 156 +/- 16 nM (n = 29). Heat shock increased [Ca2+](i) in a time- and temperature-dependent manner. Exposure of cells to 44 degrees C for 20 min increased [Ca2+](i) by 234 +/- 13%, which subsequently returned to baseline levels within 120 min. Removal of external Ca2+ eliminated the increase, indicating that the increase in [Ca2+](i) was due to Ca2+ influx. Pretreatment of the cells with BAPTA or GF-109203X for 30 min or a sublethal heat shock to allow HSP-72 overexpression led to an attenuation of the increase in [Ca2+](i) by a subsequent heat shock. The results suggest that HSP-72 but not GRP-94 is regulated by [Ca2+](i) and PKC activity. The cytoprotection produced by chelation of Ca2+, GF-109203X, or HSP-72 overexpression is probably due to their ability to attenuate the [Ca2+](i), response to heating. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Clin Pharmacol, Div Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Kiang, JG (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Clin Pharmacol, Div Med, Bldg 40,Rm 3117A, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 41 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0300-8177 J9 MOL CELL BIOCHEM JI Mol. Cell. Biochem. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 199 IS 1-2 BP 179 EP 188 DI 10.1023/A:1006946329581 PG 10 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 239ZA UT WOS:000082799600022 PM 10544966 ER PT J AU Johnson, JL Taylor, JA AF Johnson, JL Taylor, JA TI Image factorization: a new hierarchical decomposition technique SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE shadow compensation; image factors; infinite products; pulse-coupled neutral networks; contrast; multiplicative images; factorization; contrast enhancement ID FUSION AB A new method of image decomposition is described. It uses a depth-of-contrast approach in which the image is factored into an ordered set of component images, the order being from coarse to fine in degree of contrast. The decomposition technique is unique in that it is completely independent of any geometrical structure, yet its application shows a clear trend from coarse to fine spatial frequency with the degree of contrast. For images with spatial structure and noise, the first factors contain more of the geometrical structure and the higher-level factors contain more of the noise. The factorization is expressed as an infinite product rather than as an infinite sum, and its convergence is shown. A conservative lower bound is derived that ensures that any positive definite real image can be fully factored. (C) 1999 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. [S0091-3286(99)00509-7]. C1 USA, Aviat & Missile Command, AMSAM, RD,WS,PL, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. Austin Peay State Univ, Dept Phys, Clarksville, TN 37044 USA. RP Johnson, JL (reprint author), USA, Aviat & Missile Command, AMSAM, RD,WS,PL, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 7 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 38 IS 9 BP 1517 EP 1523 DI 10.1117/1.602202 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 235QV UT WOS:000082554800009 ER PT J AU Mann, EA Blair, EA Levy, AJ Chang, A AF Mann, EA Blair, EA Levy, AJ Chang, A TI Effect of topical antibiotic therapy on recovery after tonsillectomy in adults SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 101st Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Otolaryngology-Head-and-Neck-Surgery CY SEP 07-10, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Acad Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg ID CONTAMINATED HEAD; NECK-SURGERY; EFFICACY; CLINDAMYCIN AB OBJECTIVE: Systemic antibiotics given during the first week after tonsillectomy appear to be effective in reducing postoperative morbidity. We assessed the effectiveness of perioperative topical antibiotic rinses in reducing posttonsillectomy morbidity. METHODS: A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled pilot study of 36 patients undergoing tonsillectomy was used to evaluate the effects of a standard 7-day systemic regimen of perioperative intravenous ampicillin/oral amoxicillin and 2 single-day topical antibiotic regimens: (1) clindamycin (Cleocin) and (2) amoxicillin/clavulanate (Augmentin) and ticarcillin/clavulanate (Timentin). RESULTS: Mean aerobic and anaerobic oral bacterial counts were decreased in both topical treatment groups compared with the placebo group on the first postoperative day, achieving statistical significance with Augmentin/Timentin (aerobic and anaerobic bacterial counts) and Cleocin (aerobic counts). Significantly less postoperative pain and mouth odor were reported for both Cleocin (P = 0.014 and P = 0.005, respectively) and Augmentin/Timentin (P = 0.026 and P = 0.05, respectively) topical treatment groups when compared with the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS: Preliminary results indicate a reduction in oral bacterial counts and postoperative morbidity in adult patients receiving topical antibiotics compared with patients receiving placebo; further investigation is warranted. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Div Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Mann, EA (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Div Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 9 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 121 IS 3 BP 277 EP 282 DI 10.1016/S0194-5998(99)70185-3 PG 6 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 233PY UT WOS:000082436300020 PM 10471871 ER PT J AU Vories, AA AF Vories, AA TI Dysgeusia associated with tonsillectomy SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article C1 Womack Army Med Ctr, Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg Serv, Ft Bragg, NC 28307 USA. RP Vories, AA (reprint author), Womack Army Med Ctr, Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg Serv, Ft Bragg, NC 28307 USA. NR 4 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 121 IS 3 BP 303 EP 304 PG 2 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 233PY UT WOS:000082436300029 PM 10471880 ER PT J AU Fenton, CL Clemons, PM Francis, GL AF Fenton, CL Clemons, PM Francis, GL TI How do the results of the diabetes control and complications trial relate to the practice of pediatrics: Who should have intensive management? SO PEDIATRIC ANNALS LA English DT Article ID ADOLESCENTS; CHILDREN; IDDM; RETINOPATHY; THERAPY AB The results of the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial showed that improved glycemic control decreases the risk of long-term diabetic complications. The authors discuss the limitations of implementing strict control and the problems associated with attempts to improve control. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Pediat, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Natl Naval Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Fenton, CL (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Pediat, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0090-4481 EI 1938-2359 J9 PEDIATR ANN JI Pediatr. Annu. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 28 IS 9 BP 600 EP + PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 249AF UT WOS:000083309000010 PM 10496003 ER PT J AU Hsu, DP Folstad, AJ AF Hsu, DP Folstad, AJ TI Resident's column: Diabetes mellitus: A challenge for pediatricians of the new millennium SO PEDIATRIC ANNALS LA English DT Editorial Material ID ADOLESCENTS; CHILDREN AB Because type I diabetes mellitus is the second most prevalent chronic disease of children and type-II diabetes mellitus is increasing in prevalence, pediatricians must become thoroughly familiar with both to effectively identify and treat them. C1 Natl Capital Consortium, Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Hsu, DP (reprint author), Natl Capital Consortium, Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0090-4481 J9 PEDIATR ANN JI Pediatr. Annu. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 28 IS 9 BP 614 EP + PG 3 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 249AF UT WOS:000083309000012 PM 10496005 ER PT J AU Shih, TM McDonough, JH AF Shih, TM McDonough, JH TI Organophosphorus nerve agents-induced seizures and efficacy of atropine sulfate as anticonvulsant treatment SO PHARMACOLOGY BIOCHEMISTRY AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE organophosphorus compounds; cholinesterase inhibitors; nerve agents; soman; sarin; tabun; GF; VX; convulsions; seizures; EEG activity; anticonvulsants; atropine sulfate; anticholinergic compounds ID INDUCED NEUROPATHOLOGY; SOMAN; DIAZEPAM; BRAIN; RATS; CONVULSIONS; PROTECTION; MECHANISMS; PATHOLOGY; COMPOUND AB The ability of five organophosphorus nerve agents (tabun, sarin, soman, GF, and VX) to produce brain seizures and the effectiveness of atropine as an anticonvulsant treatment against these nerve agents were studied in two different animal models-the rat and guinea pig. All animals were implanted with cortical electrodes for EEG recordings. Five minutes after the start of nerve agent-induced EEG seizures, animals were treated intramuscularly (IM) with different doses of atropine sulfate and observed for seizure termination. The anticonvulsant ED50 Of atropine sulfate for termination of seizures induced by each nerve agent was calculated and compared. In the rat model, selected oximes were administered either before, concurrent with, or following challenge with a 1.6 x LD50 dose of a given nerve agent to maximize seizure development with certain agent/oxime combinations. The choice and the timing of oxime administration significantly effected the incidence of seizure development by different nerve agents. When oxime administration did not effect seizure development (tabun, soman) the anticonvulsant ED, for atropine sulfate was the same, regardless of the nerve agent used to elicit the seizure. When oxime administration reduced the incidence of seizure occurrence (sarin, GF, VX), the anticonvulsant ED50 dose of atropine sulfate for a nerve agent was lower. In the guinea pig model, animals were pretreated with pyridostigmine prior to challenge with 2 x LD,, of a given agent, and treated 1 min later with atropine sulfate (2 mg/kg) and 2-PAM (25 mg/kg). Under these conditions, the incidence, latency of seizure development, and anticonvulsant ED(50)s of atropine for soman-, tabun-, and CF-elicited seizures were virtually identical. With sarin, although the latency of seizure development was the same as with soman, tabun, and GF, seizures occurred with a lower incidence, and the anticonvulsant ED50 of atropine was lower. With VX, the latency of seizure development was notably longer, while the incidence of seizure development and anticonvulsant ED50 Of atropine were significantly lower than with soman, tabun, or GF. In both models, a lower incidence of seizure development predicted a lower anticonvulsant dose of atropine. In the rat, the incidence of seizure development and the anticonvulsant effectiveness of atropine was highly dependent on the oxime used. In the guinea pig, higher doses of atropine sulfate were required to control soman-, tabun-, or GF-induced seizures, perhaps reflecting the lower cholinesterase reactivating ability of 2-PAM against these agents. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Inc. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Pharmacol, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Shih, TM (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Pharmacol, 3100 Ricketts Point Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 37 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0091-3057 J9 PHARMACOL BIOCHEM BE JI Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 64 IS 1 BP 147 EP 153 DI 10.1016/S0091-3057(99)00114-8 PG 7 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 233CX UT WOS:000082408900020 PM 10495009 ER PT J AU Bubb, DM Federici, JF Tidrow, SC Wilber, W Kim, J Pique, A AF Bubb, DM Federici, JF Tidrow, SC Wilber, W Kim, J Pique, A TI Wavelength and photon dose dependence of infrared quenched persistent photoconductivity in YBa2CU3O6+x SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PHOTOINDUCED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; THIN-FILMS; TEMPERATURE; YBA2CU3O7-DELTA; TL2BA2CA1-XGDXCU2O8; LA2-XSRXCUO4; SPECTROSCOPY; TRANSPORT; DYNAMICS AB Infrared quenched persistent photoconductivity (PPC) is studied as a function of;wavelength and photon dose in order to investigate a defect, structure which may be responsible for PPC in YBa2Cu3O6+x. It is found that the magnitude of IR quenching saturates quickly as function of visible photon dose, long before the PPC effect saturates. The wavelength dependence is essentially linear below 1.3 eV and saturates above. The photon dose dependence of IR quenching indicates behavior which cannot be explained using a purely oxygen ordering model for PPC. [S0163-1829(99)03633-4]. C1 New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. USA, CECOM, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. USN, Res Lab, Surface Modificat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bubb, DM (reprint author), New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. EM dmb8027@megahertz.njit.edu RI Tidrow, Steven/C-8133-2013 NR 35 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 1 PY 1999 VL 60 IS 9 BP 6827 EP 6833 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.60.6827 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 235YA UT WOS:000082570400106 ER PT J AU Toler, MM AF Toler, MM TI Untitled SO POLITICAL SCIENCE QUARTERLY LA English DT Letter C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Toler, MM (reprint author), US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACAD POLITICAL SCIENCE PI NEW YORK PA 475 RIVERSIDE DRIVE, SUITE 1274, NEW YORK, NY 10115-1274 USA SN 0032-3195 J9 POLIT SCI QUART JI Polit. Sci. Q. PD FAL PY 1999 VL 114 IS 3 BP 545 EP 546 PG 2 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA 245PA UT WOS:000083116300042 ER PT J AU Kipp, JW AF Kipp, JW TI Aleksandr Lebed - The man, his program, and his political prospects SO PROBLEMS OF POST-COMMUNISM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT George M Hoffman Memorial Seminar CY MAR 25-26, 1999 CL GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV, WASHINGTON, D.C. HO GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV AB Given the topsy-turvy world of Russian politics and the fact that presidential elections are a year away, speculations about the prospects of any political figure can be nothing more than crude prognostications. There are simply too many variables in play, and the situation remains volatile. One need only reflect on past elections-the Liberal Democratic Party of Russia's strong finish in 1993, the Congress of Russian Communities' weak showing in 1995, Yeltsin's political resurrection, Lebed's third-place finish, and the Yeltsin-Lebed alliance during the second round of voting in 1996-to recognize that politics makes strange, temporary bedfellows and has its share of surprises. The Duma elections of December 1999 and the presidential elections of 2000 promise their own share of unexpected events. We should expect the unexpected.(1) And we will get it. Between 1991 and 1996 Aleksandr Ivanovich Lebed transformed himself from an obscure soldier to a major national political figure.(2) He rose to the pinnacle of power in Staraia ploshchad(the seat of the presidential administration), returned to the political wilderness, and was restored to national prominence as governor of Krasnoiarsk Krai in April 1998. In this short span of time he emerged as Boris Yeltsin's heir apparent, brought a durable cease-fire to Chechnya, was accused of plotting a coup against Yeltsin, and fell from power only to re-emerge. With the support of aluminum baron Anatolii Bykov and the oligarch Boris Berezovskii, Lebed defeated the incumbent governor of Krasnoiarsk, Valerii Zubov. Berezovskii, then still close to Yeltsin's inner circle, followed his own opaque and even Byzantine politics in supporting Lebed's bid for the Krasnoiarsk governorship. He admitted that he was backing Lebed's candidacy so as to divide the nationalist camp, which otherwise would be united behind Moscow's mayor, Iurii Luzhkov, and to weigh down a victorious Lebed with administrative responsibilities in the hinterland.(3) In early 1999 Lebed entered into a bitter struggle with Bykov and his financial interests. With its deep dips and sudden turns, Lebed's political career has been nothing so much asa roller-coaster. Despite abrupt changes of fortune, Lebed has endured and retains a small but significant following among voters. Although Bykov and his allies pose a serious challenge to his leadership of Krasnoiarsk, Lebed is a force to be reckoned with in national politics. In an April 1999 poll, his Russian Popular Republican Party (RNRP) trailed Gennadii Ziuganov's Communist Party of the Russian Federation (KPRF), Luzhkov's Otechestvo (Fatherland) movement, and Grigorii Yavlinskii's Yabloko in popularity, but with 6 percent support, it seems to be on the verge of becoming a recognized faction in the next State Duma.(4) In a provincial poll, where the respondents strongly favored a restoration of order (70 percent), Lebed finished third among potential presidential candidates, with 9.9 percent-only slightly ahead of Ziuganov, but behind Yavlinskii and Luzhkov.(5) At the same time, Lebed remains an outsider in terms of his perceived influence on domestic and foreign policy.(6) This outsider image suits Lebed's style and personality, and puts him and his party in a position to profit from public disillusionment with Kremlin politics. C1 USA, Off Foreign Mil Studies, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Kipp, JW (reprint author), USA, Off Foreign Mil Studies, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU M E SHARPE INC PI ARMONK PA 80 BUSINESS PARK DR, ARMONK, NY 10504 USA SN 1075-8216 J9 PROBL POST-COMMUNISM JI Probl. Post-Communism PD SEP-OCT PY 1999 VL 46 IS 5 BP 55 EP 63 PG 9 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA 235CH UT WOS:000082521600006 ER PT J AU McLeod, DG Schellhammer, PF Vogelzang, NJ Soloway, MS Sharifi, R Block, NL Venner, PM Patterson, AL Sarosdy, MF Kelley, RP Kolvenbag, GJCM AF McLeod, DG Schellhammer, PF Vogelzang, NJ Soloway, MS Sharifi, R Block, NL Venner, PM Patterson, AL Sarosdy, MF Kelley, RP Kolvenbag, GJCM CA Casodex Combination Study Grp TI Exploratory analysis on the effect of race on clinical outcome in patients with advanced prostate cancer receiving bicalutamide or flutamide, each in combination with LHRH analogues SO PROSTATE LA English DT Article DE bicalutamide; flutamide; combined androgen blockade; clinical outcome; racial differences ID AFRICAN-AMERICAN MEN; ANDROGEN BLOCKADE; CONTROLLED TRIAL; UNITED-STATES; HEALTH-CARE; WHITE MEN; BLACK-MEN; MORTALITY; ANTIGEN; THERAPY AB BACKGROUND. Black race has been associated with a significantly increased risk of prostate cancer mortality. This exploratory analysis investigated the effect of race on the clinical outcome of combined androgen blockade (CAB). METHODS. Data for analysis were obtained from a double-blind, randomized, multicenter trial comparing CAB in the form of bicalutamide (50 mg once daily) or flutamide (250 mg three times daily) plus luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogs (LHRHa; goserelin acetate 3.6 mg, or leuprolide acetate 7.5 mg) in 813 patients with stage D-2 prostate cancer (median follow-up, 160 weeks). Patients were analyzed according to race (African American [AA], white, or other). The primary clinical events were disease progression and survival. RESULTS. Four hundred and four patients received bicalutamide/LHRHa and 409 received flutamide/LHRHa. Although treatment with bicalutamide/LHRHa resulted in slightly longer time to progression and survival time in white and AA males than treatment with flutamide/LHRHa, the differences between the treatment groups were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS. No marked effect of race on clinical outcome was observed regardless of antiandrogen, suggesting that similar treatment benefits are to be expected in either race. (C) 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Urol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Eastern Virginia Med Sch, Norfolk, VA 23501 USA. Univ Chicago, Med Ctr, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Miami, Sch Med, Dept Urol, Miami, FL USA. Cross Canc Inst, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada. Univ Tennessee, Dept Urol, Memphis, TN USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Div Urol, San Antonio, TX USA. Zeneca Pharmaceut, Wilmington, DE USA. RP McLeod, DG (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Urol, 6825 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 29 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0270-4137 J9 PROSTATE JI Prostate PD SEP 1 PY 1999 VL 40 IS 4 BP 218 EP 224 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0045(19990901)40:4<218::AID-PROS2>3.0.CO;2-6 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Urology & Nephrology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Urology & Nephrology GA 226ZM UT WOS:000082053100002 PM 10420149 ER PT J AU Kronenberg, S Brucker, GJ Jordan, T AF Kronenberg, S Brucker, GJ Jordan, T TI Electron yields from irradiated targets versus photon incident angle and quantum energy SO RADIATION PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID GAMMA-RADIATION; IMAGING SOURCES; X-RADIATION AB This paper describes the application of a three-dimensional (3D) adjoint Monte Carlo radiation transport code, NOVICE, to the calculation of photo-Compton and pair electrons emitted from targets, consisting of elements with atomic numbers ranging from Z = 4 to Z = 82, health physics materials, organic insulators; scintillators, and semiconductor materials. Due to space restrictions, only the results obtained for lead and lucite will be discussed here. Calculations of electron yields were carried out for photon incident angles of 0 degrees, 1.15 degrees, 1.72 degrees, 5.74 degrees, 30 degrees, 45 degrees, and 90 degrees relative to the plane of the targets and in the forward and backward directions. The thicknesses of the targets considered in the calculations were varied to cover a range of applications, four thicknesses per material, and 20 quantum energies ranging from 0.001 to 1000 MeV. The results show that for the shallow angles of incidence the yield of electrons from a target sharply increases for small increases in the incident angle relative to 0 degrees for all the materials and photon energies that were considered. This rapid rise in electron yield with incident angle impacts the properties of directional radiation sensors and explains their responses to gamma and X-ray radiation. Comparisons of NOVICE calculations to experiments where total yields of electrons from targets of Al, Cu, Ta, and Au were measured, support and provide credence to NOVICE simulations of directional sensor responses in locating radiation sources. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 REC, Long Branch, NJ 07764 USA. USA, CECOM, Night Vis Directorate, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. EMP Consultants, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Brucker, GJ (reprint author), REC, Long Branch, NJ 07764 USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-806X J9 RADIAT PHYS CHEM JI Radiat. Phys. Chem. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 56 IS 3 BP 267 EP 280 DI 10.1016/S0969-806X(99)00274-1 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 239LL UT WOS:000082769600002 ER PT J AU Murphey, MD Smith, WS Smith, SE Kransdorf, MJ Temple, HT AF Murphey, MD Smith, WS Smith, SE Kransdorf, MJ Temple, HT TI Imaging of musculoskeletal neurogenic tumors: Radiologic-pathologic correlation SO RADIOGRAPHICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1995 Annual Meeting of the Radiological-Society-of-North-America CY NOV 26-DEC 01, 1995 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Radiol Soc N Amer DE nervous system, neoplasms; neurofibromatosis; neuroma ID NERVE SHEATH TUMORS; SOFT-TISSUE MASSES; LARGE REFERRAL POPULATION; MEDIAN NERVE; MORTONS NEUROMA; PERONEAL NERVE; FIBROLIPOMATOUS HAMARTOMA; PLEXIFORM NEUROFIBROMA; COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; CT FINDINGS AB Numerous neurogenic tumors can affect the musculoskeletal system, including traumatic neuroma, Morton neuroma, neural fibrolipoma, nerve sheath ganglion, neurilemoma, neurofibroma, and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (PNSTs), The diagnosis of neurogenic tumors can be suggested from their imaging appearances, including lesion shape and intrinsic imaging characteristics. It is also important to establish lesion location along a typical nerve distribution (eg:, plantar digital nerve in Morton neuroma, median nerve in neural fibrolipoma, large nerve trunk in benign and malignant PNSTs), Traumatic and Morton neuromas are commonly related to an amputation stump or are located in the intermetatarsal space, respectively. Neural fibrolipomas show fat interspersed between nerve fascicles and are often associated with macrodactyly. Nerve sheath ganglion has a cystic appearance and commonly occurs about the knee. Radiologic characteristics of neurilemoma, neurofibroma, and malignant PNST at computed tomography (CT), ultrasonography, and magnetic imaging include fusiform shape, identification of entering and exiting nerve, low attenuation at CT, target sign, fascicular sign, split-fat sign, and associated muscle atrophy. Although differentiation of neurilemoma from neurofibroma of beni:pn from malignant PNST is problematic, recognition of the radiologic appearances of neurogenic tumors often allows prospective diagnosis and improves clinical management of patients. C1 Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Radiol Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Radiol & Nucl Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Radiol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Orthoped Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. St Marys Hosp, Dept Radiol, Richmond, VA USA. RP Murphey, MD (reprint author), Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Radiol Pathol, 6825 16th St NW,Bldg 54,Room M-133A, Washington, DC 20306 USA. NR 123 TC 203 Z9 218 U1 1 U2 8 PU RADIOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMERICA PI OAK BROOK PA 820 JORIE BLVD, OAK BROOK, IL 60523 USA SN 0271-5333 J9 RADIOGRAPHICS JI Radiographics PD SEP-OCT PY 1999 VL 19 IS 5 BP 1253 EP 1280 PG 28 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 233HQ UT WOS:000082421800017 PM 10489179 ER PT J AU Warme, WJ Arciero, RA Taylor, DC AF Warme, WJ Arciero, RA Taylor, DC TI Anterior shoulder instability in sport - Current management recommendations SO SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB In the young athlete, anterior shoulder dislocations are common injuries that usually result in recurrent instability, and often require surgical treatment. Nonoperative treatment remains the initial recommended course for most conditions. Operative treatment has advanced to more anatomical repairs, both open and arthroscopic. The purpose of this paper is to review the evaluation and treatment of anterior shoulder instability, to include acute dislocations, acute subluxations and recurrent instability. C1 Keller Army Community Hosp, Orthopaed Serv, W Point, NY 10996 USA. Keller Army Community Hosp, US Army Joint & Soft Tissue Trauma Fellowship, W Point, NY 10996 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Taylor, DC (reprint author), Keller Army Community Hosp, Orthopaed Serv, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 50 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 8 PU ADIS INTERNATIONAL LTD PI AUCKLAND PA 41 CENTORIAN DR, PRIVATE BAG 65901, MAIRANGI BAY, AUCKLAND 10, NEW ZEALAND SN 0112-1642 J9 SPORTS MED JI Sports Med. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 28 IS 3 BP 209 EP 220 PG 12 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 248TZ UT WOS:000083292700005 PM 10541443 ER PT J AU Rothberg, JM AF Rothberg, JM TI Suicide statistics SO SUICIDE AND LIFE-THREATENING BEHAVIOR LA English DT Letter C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Mil Psychiat, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Rothberg, JM (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Mil Psychiat, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA SN 0363-0234 J9 SUICIDE LIFE-THREAT JI Suicide Life-Threat. Behav. PD FAL PY 1999 VL 29 IS 3 BP 286 EP 286 PG 1 WC Psychiatry; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychiatry; Psychology GA 243XQ UT WOS:000083023100008 PM 10712159 ER PT J AU Hunter, DC Brustrom, JE Goldsmith, BJ Davis, LJ Carlos, M Ashley, E Gardner, G Gaal, I AF Hunter, DC Brustrom, JE Goldsmith, BJ Davis, LJ Carlos, M Ashley, E Gardner, G Gaal, I TI Teleoncology in the Department of Defense: A tale of two systems SO TELEMEDICINE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CANCER AB Two telemedicine networks were developed for the purpose of conducting multidisciplinary oncology ("teleoncology") conferences. The infrastructure of each system differed: one system was Internet-based; the other was delivered via Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) lines. The purpose of this study was to describe the infrastructure and cost, consultative process, technical aspects, and conference format of the two teleoncology programs. The two systems' technical aspects, participant satisfaction with the systems, and conference participation were compared qualitatively. Assessment of the technical aspects of the systems suggested that each had distinct advantages. Survey results indicated that provider satisfaction with the technical and logistical aspects of each type of teleoncology conference was high. The present study may prove helpful for individuals who are considering implementing their own teleoncology programs. C1 Off Lead Agent, Travis AFB, CA USA. David Grant Med Ctr, Travis AFB, CA USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Oahu, HI USA. RP Hunter, DC (reprint author), POB 1312, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. NR 4 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1078-3024 J9 TELEMED J JI Telemed. J. PD FAL PY 1999 VL 5 IS 3 BP 273 EP 282 DI 10.1089/107830299312023 PG 10 WC Health Care Sciences & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 264JV UT WOS:000084178100005 PM 10908441 ER PT J AU Lattimore, MR AF Lattimore, MR TI A store-forward ophthalmic telemedicine case report from deployed US Army Forces in Kuwait SO TELEMEDICINE JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Telemedicine-Association CY APR 14-17, 1999 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Amer Telemed Assoc AB This telemedicine test was developed to determine the relative ease with which an off-the-shelf ophthalmic telemedicine package could be successfully applied from within a remote theatre of operations. The project was conducted at the Camp Doha Health Clinic, located just outside Kuwait City, during the period from April 12(th) through April 23(rd), 1998. The deployed signal unit had contracted for a direct T-I commercial satellite link (via MCI), which allowed for direct internet connectivity using a PCMCIA network card. Digital images were sent via this connection to 140 e-mail sites throughout the world, including an unsolicited image to each of 134 Army optometry officers for their review, analysis, and diagnosis. Return responses to this unsolicited survey were 53 out of 134, for a 39.7% response rate. Half of the respondents were able to view the image with ease and clarity, rendering an accurate clinical diagnosis. The other half of the respondents either did not have the software to display an image on their clinical desktop PC, or did not know how to use their provided software. This project clearly indicates that an off-the-shelf ophthalmic digital system can be successfully used from a remote deployed site. However, the consulting clinicians require up-to-date training, and their computer packages should have as wide a capability base as possible. C1 USA, Aeromed Res Lab, Aircrew Hlth & Performance Div, Ft Rucker, AL 36362 USA. RP Lattimore, MR (reprint author), USA, Aeromed Res Lab, Aircrew Hlth & Performance Div, Ft Rucker, AL 36362 USA. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1078-3024 J9 TELEMED J JI Telemed. J. PD FAL PY 1999 VL 5 IS 3 BP 309 EP 313 DI 10.1089/107830299312069 PG 5 WC Health Care Sciences & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 264JV UT WOS:000084178100009 PM 10908445 ER PT J AU Krishnamurti, C Maglasang, P Rothwell, SW AF Krishnamurti, C Maglasang, P Rothwell, SW TI Reduction of blood loss by infusion of human platelets in a rabbit kidney injury model SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Article ID BLEEDING-TIME; DIMETHYL-SULFOXIDE; TRANSFUSION; STORAGE; CRYOPRESERVATION; PSORALEN AB BACKGROUND: As a first step toward testing the efficacy of stored platelets or platelet substitutes in vivo, a kidney injury model was developed to assess the hemostatic properties of human platelets in normal and thrombocytopenic rabbits. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: New Zealand white rabbits were made thrombocytopenic by two consecutive injections of busulfan. Two weeks later, human platelets were transfused to animals whose reticuloendothelial systems were inhibited by the administration of ethyl palmitate. The left kidney was exposed and a slice excised from the anterior pole. The blood was contained in a parafilm boat and absorbed by preweighed gauze to assess blood loss. The percentage of human platelets transfused to the rabbit was determined by flow cytometry on blood collected from the cut site using anti-CD42a (marker for human platelets). The degree of activation of the human platelets was determined using anti-CDB2a (marker specific for human p-selectin). RESULTS: Blood loss was similar in normal animals treated with saline alone (35.4 +/- 5.8 g; n = 4); ethyl palmitate and saline (42.5 +/- 5.7 g; n = 6, p = 0.4); or ethyl palmitate and fresh human platelets (45.7 +/- 7.9 g; n = 6, p = 0.3). Bleeding in thrombocytopenic rabbits infused with saline was increased (75.6 +/- 3.9 g; n = 7) as compared with nonthrombocytopenic animals. A significant reduction in blood loss was noted in thrombocytopenic rabbits given fresh human platelets (51.6 +/- 4.5 g; n = 6, p = 0.0023). Transfusion of human platelets to rabbits did not cause activation of the platelets. Furthermore, transfusion of thrombin-activated platelets (60-98% activated) to thrombocytopenic rabbits reduced blood loss (54 +/- 7.3 g; n = 7) to the same extent as fresh platelets. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report describing a kidney injury model developed to assess the efficacy of fresh and activated human platelets in reducing blood loss in thrombocytopenic rabbits. This model could monitor the efficacy of human platelets prepared by various preservation protocols in suppressing bleeding in rabbits. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Hematol & Vasc Biol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Krishnamurti, C (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Hematol & Vasc Biol, 14th & Dahlia St NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 32 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD SEP PY 1999 VL 39 IS 9 BP 967 EP 974 DI 10.1046/j.1537-2995.1999.39090967.x PG 8 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 235XY UT WOS:000082570200010 PM 10533823 ER PT J AU Reid, TJ Babcock, JG Derse-Anthony, CP Hill, HR Lippert, LE Hess, JR AF Reid, TJ Babcock, JG Derse-Anthony, CP Hill, HR Lippert, LE Hess, JR TI The viability of autologous human red cells stored in additive solution 5 and exposed to 25 degrees C for 24 hours SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Article ID WHOLE-BLOOD; PLASMA AB BACKGROUND: No data exist on the viability of red cells (RBCs) stored in modern additive solution systems and allowed to warm above 10 degrees C. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: In a randomized crossover study, 3 units of blood were collected at least 8 weeks apart from 11 volunteer donors and stored in additive solution 5 (AS-5). Of 3 units from each volunteer, 1 was stored for 6 weeks at 4 degrees C, 1 for 5 weeks at 4 degrees C except for 24 hours at 25 degrees C on Day 14, and 1 for 5 weeks at 4 degrees C except for 24 hours at 25 degrees C on Day 28. Units were sampled periodically during storage; at the end of storage, viability was measured by the (TC)-T-99m/Cr-51 double-label method. RESULTS: RBC viability was not significantly different in the storage protocols. Less than 1 percent of stored cells hemolyzed. RBC ATP concentrations at the end of storage correlated with viability and were approximately equal in the warmed units after 30 days' storage and the conventionally stored units after 42 days. CONCLUSIONS: The data suggest that RBCs stored in AS-5 and allowed to warm to 25 degrees C for 24 hours lose about 12 days of their shelf life. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Blood Res Detachment, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Hess, JR (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Blood Res Detachment, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 16 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD SEP PY 1999 VL 39 IS 9 BP 991 EP 997 DI 10.1046/j.1537-2995.1999.39090991.x PG 7 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 235XY UT WOS:000082570200013 PM 10533826 ER PT J AU Gray, MJ Kaminski, RM Weerakkody, G Leopold, BD Jensen, KC AF Gray, MJ Kaminski, RM Weerakkody, G Leopold, BD Jensen, KC TI Aquatic invertebrate and plant responses following mechanical manipulations of moist-soil habitat SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE aquatic invertebrates; hydrophytes; Mississippi; moist-soil management; waterfowl habitat; wetland management ID MULTIVARIATE-ANALYSIS; WETLAND; VEGETATION; VARIANCE; MARSH; DYNAMICS; IMPACT AB Managers mow, disk, and till moist-soil habitats to set back succession and increase interspersion of emergent vegetation and water for migrant and wintering waterbirds. We evaluated effects of autumn applications of these manipulations on aquatic invertebrates and moist-soil plants during 2 subsequent winters and growing seasons, respectively, at Noxubee National Wildlife Refuge, Mississippi. Greatest seed mass was in tilled and disked plots in 1993 (P less than or equal to 0.008) and in tilled plots in 1994 (P less than or equal to 0.008). Plant species diversity generally was greatest in tilled plots in both years (P less than or equal to 0.05). Mowed and control plots produced greatest aquatic invertebrate mass in winter 1992-93 (P less than or equal to 0.025) and diversity in both winters (P less than or equal to 0.01). invertebrate mass and plant standing crop generally did not differ among treatments in winter 1993-94 and both years, respectively. We recommend autumn tilling in small moist-soil habitats to increase plant species diversity and seed yield. For large-scale management, disking may be more practical than tilling and would likely yield similar plant responses. We recommend autumn mowing if moist-soil habitats exist in early seral stages and contain desirable seed-producing plants that are robust and do not readily topple following flooding to create open water areas for waterbirds. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Gray, MJ (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Range & Wildlife Management, Mail Stop 2125, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. NR 68 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD FAL PY 1999 VL 27 IS 3 BP 770 EP 779 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 264GZ UT WOS:000084173500032 ER PT J AU Wang, CY Sawyer, LSW Murthy, KK Fang, XD Walfield, AM Ye, J Wang, JJG Chen, PD Li, ML Salas, MT Shen, M Gauduin, MC Boyle, RW Koup, RA Montefiori, DC Mascola, JR Koff, WC Hanson, CV AF Wang, CY Sawyer, LSW Murthy, KK Fang, XD Walfield, AM Ye, J Wang, JJG Chen, PD Li, ML Salas, MT Shen, M Gauduin, MC Boyle, RW Koup, RA Montefiori, DC Mascola, JR Koff, WC Hanson, CV TI Postexposure immunoprophylaxis of primary isolates by an antibody to HIV receptor complex SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; HUMAN MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES; INFECTION; ASSAY; CELL; CD4; IMMUNIZATION; CORECEPTORS; INHIBITION AB mAb B4 is a monoclonal antibody directed against HIV receptor complex. The antibody had broad neutralizing activity against HIV and provided postexposure prophylaxis to hu-peripheral blood leukocyte (PBL)-severe combined immunodeficient mice and chimpanzees. B4 recognized a complex receptor site for HIV on the T cell surface that includes CD4 and also may be influenced by interaction with HIV coreceptors. mAb B4 preferentially neutralized primary HIV-1 isolates compared with T cell line-adapted strains, including syncytium-inducing and non-syncytium-inducing phenotypes, representatives from HIV-1 subtypes A-G, as well as HIV-2, simian immunodeficiency virus, and chimeric simian/human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV). Neutralization was demonstrated in both pre- and postinfection models. The administration of mAb B4 after infectious challenge totally interrupted the infection of hu-PBL-severe combined immunodeficient mice by PBL-grown HIV-1 and the infection of chimpanzees by chimp-adapted HIV-1. This mode of protection suggested that the anti-HIV receptor antibody is efficacious for prophylaxis after exposure to HIV and for prevention of maternal transmission and may be an effective antiretroviral agent for treatment. C1 United Biomed Inc, Hauppauge, NY 11788 USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Lab, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. SW Fdn Biomed Res, Dept Virol & Immunol, San Antonio, TX 78245 USA. Aaron Diamond AIDS Res Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Surg, AIDS Res Ctr, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Retrovirol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Wang, CY (reprint author), United Biomed Inc, 25 Davids Dr, Hauppauge, NY 11788 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL59797]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI29825] NR 34 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD AUG 31 PY 1999 VL 96 IS 18 BP 10367 EP 10372 DI 10.1073/pnas.96.18.10367 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 233JQ UT WOS:000082424100078 PM 10468614 ER PT J AU Tandon, A Cohen, RM Ervin, M Lareau, R AF Tandon, A Cohen, RM Ervin, M Lareau, R TI Zn solubility and Fermi energy pinning in InP and InGaAs: growth vs. equilibrium SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING B-SOLID STATE MATERIALS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GAAS AB The dependence of Zn concentration, N-Zn, upon Zn partial pressure, P-Zn, has been measured in InP and In0.53Ga0.47As after organometallic vapor phase epitaxial growth and compared with the equilibrium Zn solubility under comparable conditions. It was found that the Zn concentration incorporated during growth of In0.53Ga0.47As follows the equilibrium solubility, i.e. N-Zn proportional to P-Zn(1/2). However, it was found that the Zn concentration incorporated during growth of InP deviated from equilibrium, i.e. N-Zn proportional to P-Zn was measured, similar to what has been previously reported for GaAs. For both InP and In0.53Ga0.47As, the maximum Zn concentration was found to be consistent with previously measured Zn solubility limits. From these results, we conclude that at T = 600 degrees C, (1) the Fermi energy at the surface of the InP is pinned below the intrinsic Fermi energy at a value of approximately E-i - E-f approximate to 0.35 eV, i.e. E-f is only modestly above the valence band edge, and (2) pinning of the Fermi energy at the surface of In0.53Ga0.47As could not be measured. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Utah, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. USA, Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20877 USA. RP Cohen, RM (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 304 EMRO, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5107 J9 MAT SCI ENG B-SOLID JI Mater. Sci. Eng. B-Solid State Mater. Adv. Technol. PD AUG 30 PY 1999 VL 63 IS 3 BP 205 EP 210 DI 10.1016/S0921-5107(99)00034-3 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 222JB UT WOS:000081780200003 ER PT J AU Balogh, L McManus, AT Tomalia, DA Hagnauer, GL AF Balogh, L McManus, AT Tomalia, DA Hagnauer, GL TI Biologic activity of dendrimer-based nanocomposites. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Michigan, Ctr Biol Nanotechnol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USA, Inst Surg Res, MCMRUSMM, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Michigan Mol Inst, Midland, MI 48640 USA. USA, AMSRLWMMA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1999 VL 218 MA 55-COLL BP U415 EP U415 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 226QZ UT WOS:000082033901249 ER PT J AU Esfand, R Tomalia, DA Yin, R AF Esfand, R Tomalia, DA Yin, R TI Supra-encapsulation and enhancement delivery of vitamins. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Michigan Mol Inst, Midland, MI 48640 USA. USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1999 VL 218 MA 131-COLL BP U437 EP U437 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 226QZ UT WOS:000082033901324 ER PT J AU Famini, GR Tran, D Wilson, LY AF Famini, GR Tran, D Wilson, LY TI Application of TLSER molecular descriptors to rate constants. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Int Liaison Off, Soldier Biol & Chem Command, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 20100 USA. La Sierra Univ, Dept Chem, Riverside, CA 92515 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1999 VL 218 MA 97-COMP BP U505 EP U505 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 226QZ UT WOS:000082033901538 ER PT J AU Gross, SM Goodner, MD Roberts, GW Kiserow, DJ DeSimone, JM AF Gross, SM Goodner, MD Roberts, GW Kiserow, DJ DeSimone, JM TI Solvent-induced crystallization and solid-state polymerization of polycarbonates facilitated by supercritical carbon dioxide. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1999 VL 218 MA 99-POLY BP U426 EP U427 PN 2 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 226RA UT WOS:000082034001242 ER PT J AU Hsieh, AJ AF Hsieh, AJ TI beta-relaxation of PMMA in coextruded PC/PMMA composites. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL WM MA, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1999 VL 218 MA 55-PMSE BP U619 EP U619 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 226RA UT WOS:000082034001851 ER PT J AU Huh, WS Lee, SW Hyun, U Hong, SH AF Huh, WS Lee, SW Hyun, U Hong, SH TI Dynamic mechanical properties and nonisothermal crystallization behavior of sPP/iPP blends. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Soongsil Univ, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Seoul 156743, South Korea. EUSA, US Forces Korea, Seoul, South Korea. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1999 VL 218 MA 112-POLY BP U430 EP U430 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 226RA UT WOS:000082034001255 ER PT J AU John, V Li, SC Irvin, G Simmons, B McPherson, G Akkara, J O'Connor, C AF John, V Li, SC Irvin, G Simmons, B McPherson, G Akkara, J O'Connor, C TI Transformations from inverse micelles to rigid gels in surfactant systems: Fundamental characterization and applications to nanostructured materials synthesis. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tulane Univ, Dept Chem Engn, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. Univ New Orleans, Adv Mat Res Inst, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. USA, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1999 VL 218 MA 148-COLL BP U442 EP U442 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 226QZ UT WOS:000082033901341 ER PT J AU Mauritz, KA Reuschle, DA Mountz, DA Brister, LB Storey, RF Tan, NB AF Mauritz, KA Reuschle, DA Mountz, DA Brister, LB Storey, RF Tan, NB TI Atomic force microscopy studies of poly(styrene-co-isobutylene-co-styrene) block copolymers, block copolymer ionomers, and block copolymer ionomer/silicate nanocomposites. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ So Mississippi, Dept Polymer Sci, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. USA, Ballist Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1999 VL 218 MA 121-POLY BP U433 EP U433 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 226RA UT WOS:000082034001264 ER PT J AU McGrath, CJ Davis, WM Porter, JE AF McGrath, CJ Davis, WM Porter, JE TI Reactivity of TNT and RDX on zero-valent iron. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Waterways Expt Stn, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, CEWESESQ, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. ASCI Corp, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1999 VL 218 MA 96-IEC BP U702 EP U702 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 226QZ UT WOS:000082033902123 ER PT J AU McMahon, LR Berg, FJ Hsu, FL AF McMahon, LR Berg, FJ Hsu, FL TI Reactions of N-alkyl nitrogen mustards with peroxides. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Edgewood Chem & Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1999 VL 218 MA 229-MEDI BP U991 EP U991 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 226QZ UT WOS:000082033902977 ER PT J AU Munavalli, S Rohrbaugh, DK Rossman, DI McMahon, LR Durst, HD AF Munavalli, S Rohrbaugh, DK Rossman, DI McMahon, LR Durst, HD TI Reaction of trifluoromethylthiocopper with styrene oxide. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Geoctr Inc, Gunpowder Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1999 VL 218 MA 528-ORGN BP U175 EP U175 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 226RA UT WOS:000082034000528 ER PT J AU Munavalli, S Rohrbaugh, DK Rossman, DI Berg, FJ Durst, HD AF Munavalli, S Rohrbaugh, DK Rossman, DI Berg, FJ Durst, HD TI Novel reaction of exo norbornene oxide with trifluoromethylsulfenyl chloride. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Geoctr Inc, Gunpowder Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. USA, Biol Chem Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1999 VL 218 MA 527-ORGN BP U174 EP U174 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 226RA UT WOS:000082034000527 ER PT J AU Pelmenschikov, AG Zilberberg, IL McGrath, CJ Davis, WM Leszczynski, JR AF Pelmenschikov, AG Zilberberg, IL McGrath, CJ Davis, WM Leszczynski, JR TI Quantum chemical studies of reductive activity of Fe(O) and Fe(II) in reactions with explosives. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Jackson State Univ, Dept Chem, Computat Ctr Mol Struct & Interact, Jackson, MS 39217 USA. USA, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Boreskov Inst Catalysis, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. RI Zilberberg, Igor /L-5417-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1999 VL 218 MA 14-IEC BP U679 EP U679 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 226QZ UT WOS:000082033902046 ER PT J AU Procell, LR Wagner, GW Sorrick, DC Butrow, AB Abercrombie, PL Yang, YC AF Procell, LR Wagner, GW Sorrick, DC Butrow, AB Abercrombie, PL Yang, YC TI Effects of process variables on the HD-MEA neutralization process. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Res & Technol Directorate, Edgewood Chem & Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Geocenters Inc, Gunpowder Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. USA, European Res Off, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1999 VL 218 MA 14-TECH BP U379 EP U380 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 226QZ UT WOS:000082033901131 ER PT J AU Qin, DJ Yin, R Li, J Tomalia, DA Durst, D Hugnauer, G AF Qin, DJ Yin, R Li, J Tomalia, DA Durst, D Hugnauer, G TI Characterization of high molecular weight water-soluble dendrigrafts. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Michigan, Ctr Biol Nanotechnol, Midland, MI 48640 USA. USA, Res Lab, ERDEC, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21012 USA. Michigan Mol Inst, Midland, MI 48640 USA. USA, SBCCOM, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1999 VL 218 MA 445-POLY BP U525 EP U526 PN 2 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 226RA UT WOS:000082034001586 ER PT J AU Valsaraj, KT Ravikrishna, R Choy, B Reible, D Thibodeaux, LJ Price, C Yost, S Brannon, J Myers, T AF Valsaraj, KT Ravikrishna, R Choy, B Reible, D Thibodeaux, LJ Price, C Yost, S Brannon, J Myers, T TI Air emissions from exposed, contaminated sediments and dredged materials. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Univ Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. USA, Corps Engineers, Washington, DC 20310 USA. DynTel Corp, Vicksburg, MS USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1999 VL 218 MA 83-ENVR BP U567 EP U567 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 226QZ UT WOS:000082033901722 ER PT J AU Wagner, GW MacIver, BK Rohrbaugh, DK Yang, YC AF Wagner, GW MacIver, BK Rohrbaugh, DK Yang, YC TI Analysis of products derived from the thermal degradation of bis (5-cxhloroethyl) sulfide (mustard gas). SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Geoctr Inc, Gunpowder Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. USA, Edgewood Chem & Biol Ctr, Res & Technol Directorate, Washington, DC 20310 USA. USA, European Res Off, Chem & Biol Sci Branch, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1999 VL 218 MA 14-ANYL BP U131 EP U131 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 226QZ UT WOS:000082033900333 ER PT J AU Xenidou, M Beyer, FL Hadjilchristidis, N Gido, SP Tan, NB AF Xenidou, M Beyer, FL Hadjilchristidis, N Gido, SP Tan, NB TI Morphology of model multigraft copolymers with randomly placed tri- and tetrafunctional branch points. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Polymer Sci & Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Exxon Res & Engn Co, Corp Res Labs, Annandale, NJ 08801 USA. Univ Athens, Dept Chem, Athens 15771, Greece. USA, Res Lab, Polymer Res Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1999 VL 218 MA 434-POLY BP U522 EP U522 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 226RA UT WOS:000082034001575 ER PT J AU Chen, CZ Tan, NCB Cooper, SL AF Chen, CZ Tan, NCB Cooper, SL TI Incorporation of dimethyldodecylammonium chloride functionalities onto poly(propylene imine) dendrimers significantly enhances their antibacterial properties SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; BUILDING-BLOCKS; BIOLUMINESCENCE; CONTACT AB Dimethyldodecylammonium chloride functionalized poly(propylene imine) generation 3 dendrimers have been synthesized and proven to have strong antibacterial properties. C1 Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. USA, Polymer Res Branch, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Cooper, SL (reprint author), IIT, E1 Room 117,10 W 32nd St, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. NR 25 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 6 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PD AUG 21 PY 1999 IS 16 BP 1585 EP 1586 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 222BT UT WOS:000081764000068 ER PT J AU Drabick, JJ Brandt, BL Moran, EE Saunders, NB Shoemaker, DR Zollinger, WD AF Drabick, JJ Brandt, BL Moran, EE Saunders, NB Shoemaker, DR Zollinger, WD TI Safety and immunogenicity testing of an intranasal group B meningococcal native outer membrane vesicle vaccine in healthy volunteers SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE meningococcus; Neisseria meningitidis; vaccine; intranasal; immunogenicity; mucosal ID NEISSERIA-MENINGITIDIS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; BACTERICIDAL ACTIVITY; PROTEIN VACCINE; DISEASE; COMPLEX; EFFICACY; RESPONSES; EPIDEMIC; SUBUNIT AB An intranasal vaccine composed of native outer membrane vesicles (NOMV) not exposed to detergent or denaturing agents was prepared from the group B meningococcal strain 9162 SynX(-)(-:15:P1.3:P5.10,11:L3,7,9) and tested in 32 healthy adult volunteers. Four groups of 8 volunteers were vaccinated intranasally with three doses of vaccine. The vaccine was very well tolerated in all dosing groups, despite the presence of lipo-oligosaccharide in the vaccine at a level of 25% relative to protein. The antibody response as measured by ELISA in serum, saliva and nasal wash fluids was relatively low in all 4 groups, but the induced serum antibodies had strong bactericidal activity. Persistent bactericidal antibodies (greater than or equal to 4-fold increase) were produced in 75% of the recipients. Some of the bactericidal antibodies were cross reactive against divergent group B strains. Most of the bactericidal antibodies appeared to be specific for PorA and L3,7,9 LOS. The vaccine also produced a local antibody response which was detected in the nasal wash fluids of volunteers. These data suggest that nasal immunization with NOMV is a safe and effective approach to induce systemic and local immunity against the group B meningococcus and deserves further study. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Bacterial Dis, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Drabick, JJ (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Bacterial Dis, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RI Moran, Elizabeth/A-9384-2011; Zollinger, Wendell/B-2887-2011 NR 32 TC 47 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD AUG 20 PY 1999 VL 18 IS 1-2 BP 160 EP 172 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(99)00216-9 PG 13 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 234UB UT WOS:000082501800018 PM 10501246 ER PT J AU Pittman, PR Liu, CT Cannon, TL Makuch, RS Mangiafico, JA Gibbs, PH Peters, CJ AF Pittman, PR Liu, CT Cannon, TL Makuch, RS Mangiafico, JA Gibbs, PH Peters, CJ TI Immunogenicity of an inactivated Rift Valley fever vaccine in humans: a 12-year experience SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Rift Valley fever virus; RVF vaccine; clinical trials; long-term immunity ID VIRUS; TRANSMISSION; ANTIBODIES; DIPTERA; SAFETY; EGYPT; KENYA AB Rift Valley fever (RVF) virus causes serious and fatal disease in animals and man. To protect personnel who work with RVF virus in the laboratory, or troops who may be exposed to this virus, the US Army successfully developed an improved version of inactivated RVF vaccine, TSI-GSD-200. From early 1986 to late 1997, 598 at-risk workers at the US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) were vaccinated as part of an occupational safety and health program. The subjects of this study received three subcutaneous doses (0, 7 and 28 days) of 0.5 mi of TSI-GSD-200. A total of 540 vaccinees (90.3%) initially responded (group A) with an 80% plaque-reduction neutralization antibody titer (PRNT80) of greater than or equal to 1:40; whereas 58 subjects (9.7%) were initial nonresponders (group B) failing to achieve this titer, Volunteers who either failed to respond or who achieved a titer of greater than or equal to 1:40 but whose titer waned below 1:40 were boosted 1-4 times with the same vaccine. Among 247 group A subjects who received the first recall injection, 242 (98%) were successfully boosted, achieving a PRNT80 greater than or equal to 1:40, Thirty-three of 44 (75%) initial nonresponders were converted to responder status after the first booster, which is a lower rate than that of group A (P < 0.001), After the primary series and the first booster, Kaplan-Meier analysis showed 50% probability of group A members maintaining a titer of greater than or equal to 1:40 for approximately eight years; whereas group B had a 50% probability of maintaining a titer for only 204 days. Group A immune response rates to boosts 1-4 ranged from 87 to 100% with geometric mean titers (GMTs) ranging from 80 to 916, Boosts 1-4 immune response rates of group B volunteers ranged from 67 to 79% with GMTs ranging from 90 to 177, Minor side effects to TSI-GSD-200 were noted in 2.7% of all vaccinees after primaries and 3.5% of all vaccinees who had primaries and up to four boosters. We conclude that the use of TSI-GSD-200 is safe and provides good longterm immunity in humans when the primary series and one boost are administered. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Med, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Diagnost Syst Div, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Biometr & Informat Management Div, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Pittman, PR (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Med, 1425 Porter St, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. NR 46 TC 73 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD AUG 20 PY 1999 VL 18 IS 1-2 BP 181 EP 189 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(99)00218-2 PG 9 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 234UB UT WOS:000082501800020 PM 10501248 ER PT J AU Wagner, GW Bartram, PW AF Wagner, GW Bartram, PW TI Reactions of the nerve agent simulant diisopropyl fluorophosphate with self-decontaminating adsorbents. A P-31 MAS NMR study SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR CATALYSIS A-CHEMICAL LA English DT Article DE diisopropyl fluorophosphate; reactive sorbent; nerve agent; decontamination; MAS NMR ID HYDROLYSIS; SORBENTS; MUSTARD AB The room temperature decompositions of the nerve agent simulant diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP) sorbed on gamma-alumina, polydivinylbenzene (impregnated with NaOH, polyethylene glycol and polyethylenimine) (DVB/NaOH), and Ambergard(R) XE-555, were studied in situ using P-31 MAS NMR, Hydrolysis of the P-F bond of DFP was observed on all three sorbents, which effectively detoxifies nerve agents. On XE-555, the competing process of micropore adsorption of DFP into the carbonaceous component of this sorbent was also observed. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Geocenters Inc, Gunpowder Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. USA, Res & Technol Directorate, ERDEC, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Wagner, GW (reprint author), Geocenters Inc, Gunpowder Branch, POB 68, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 6 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1381-1169 J9 J MOL CATAL A-CHEM JI J. Mol. Catal. A-Chem. PD AUG 19 PY 1999 VL 144 IS 3 BP 419 EP 424 DI 10.1016/S1381-1169(98)00343-4 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 209HT UT WOS:000081042700006 ER PT J AU Subklewe, M Chahroudi, A Schmaljohn, A Kurilla, MG Bhardwaj, N Steinman, RM AF Subklewe, M Chahroudi, A Schmaljohn, A Kurilla, MG Bhardwaj, N Steinman, RM TI Induction of Epstein-Barr virus-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses using dendritic cells pulsed with EBNA-3A peptides or UV-inactivated, recombinant EBNA-3A vaccinia virus SO BLOOD LA English DT Article ID PRIMARY IMMUNE-RESPONSE; ALLOGENEIC BONE-MARROW; ANTITUMOR IMMUNITY; INFLUENZA-VIRUS; HUMAN BLOOD; IN-VITRO; B-CELLS; ANTIGEN; INFECTION; GENE AB Cell-mediated immunity, especially the cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL), provides resistance to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), as is demonstrated by the occurrence of posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease in immunosuppressed patients. We set out to use dendritic cells (DCs) to elicit anti-EBV-specific CTLs in culture. In unselected, HLA-B8(+) donors, monocyte-derived mature DCs were pulsed with the HLA-B8- restricted EBNA-3A peptide, FLRGRAYGL, and added to autologous T cells for 7 days at a DC:T ratio of 1:5 to 1:60, The cultured cells specifically lysed EBNA-3A peptide-pulsed, HLA-B8(+), B-lymphoblastoid cell lines in a 5-hour Cr-51-release assay. The generation of CTLs did not require the addition of interleukin-2. In comparison, monocytes were weak antigen-presenting cells. DCs were then infected with recombinant vaccinia-EBMA-3A, Vaccinia infection significantly decreased the viability of immature DCs after 3 days of culture (to 25% to 45%) but had a smaller effect on mature DC recovery (40% to 70%). To decrease these cytopathic effects and to expand the potential use of vaccinia vectors for DC therapy in immunocompromised patients, we successfully used psoralen and UV-inactivated virus. Mature DCs pulsed with either live or inactivated vaccinia EBNA-3A virus could elicit strong EBNA-3A-specific CTLs, Therefore, mature DCs are powerful stimulators of EBV-specific CTLs and their major histocompatibility complex class I products can even be charged with UV-inactivated recombinant vaccinia. (C) 1999 by The American Society of Hematology. C1 Rockefeller Univ, Cellular Physiol & Immunol Lab, New York, NY 10021 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Pathol & Microbiol, Charlottesville, VA USA. RP Subklewe, M (reprint author), Rockefeller Univ, Cellular Physiol & Immunol Lab, 1230 York Ave, New York, NY 10021 USA. RI Steinman, Ralph/F-7729-2012 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 39516, AI-40874] NR 53 TC 60 Z9 64 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 19TH ST, NW, STE 300, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2422 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD AUG 15 PY 1999 VL 94 IS 4 BP 1372 EP 1381 PG 10 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 225FE UT WOS:000081947100025 PM 10438725 ER PT J AU Byrd, JC Shinn, C Ravi, R Willis, CR Waselenko, JK Flinn, IW Dawson, NA Grever, MR AF Byrd, JC Shinn, C Ravi, R Willis, CR Waselenko, JK Flinn, IW Dawson, NA Grever, MR TI Depsipeptide (FR901228): A novel therapeutic agent with selective, in vitro activity against human B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells SO BLOOD LA English DT Article ID CHROMOBACTERIUM-VIOLACEUM NO-968; P53 GENE MUTATION; DRUG-RESISTANCE; EXPRESSION; APOPTOSIS; BCL-2; INHIBITOR; COMPLICATIONS; MALIGNANCIES; FLUDARABINE AB Therapy of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) has been limited by both the nonselectivity of therapeutic agents toward normal residual immune cells and inherent drug resistance. Identification of agents that spare normal immune effector cells, thus facilitating addition of immune-based therapies, and that modulate factors associated with drug resistance in CLL might represent a major therapeutic advance, Depsipeptide (FR901228) is a novel agent entering clinical trials that has selective in vitro activity against resistant leukemia cell lines. To assess its in vitro activity in CLL, we exposed peripheral mononuclear cells from CLL patients (n = 10) to varying concentrations of this agent. Viability of the CLL cells was reduced by 50% (LC50) at 4 hours, 24 hours, and 4 days at depsipeptide concentrations of 0.038, 0.024, and 0.015 mu mol/L, respectively. Depsipeptide had marked selective cytotoxicity when compared with normal blood mononuclear cells, in which the LC50 was 3.44 mu mol/L at 4 hours (P = .03), 0.965 mu mol/L at 24 hours (P = .01), and 0.0318 mu mol/L at 96 hours (P = .04), Inhibition of bone marrow progenitor cell growth was also minimal after incubation with 0.015 mu mol/L (19% inhibition of colony forming unit-granulocyte-macrophage [CFU-GM]; 17% inhibition burst forming unit-erythroid [BFU-E]) and 3.44 mu mol/L (24% inhibition of CFU-GM; 57% inhibition BFU-E) of depsipeptide for 4 hours, followed by a 14-day incubation period. Expression of apoptotic proteins after depsipeptide exposure (0.015 mu mol/L) included no change in bcl-2, elevation of bax, and decreased expression of p27. These data demonstrate that depsipeptide has significant selective in vitro activity against human CLL cells concurrent with favorable alterations of the bcl-2:bax protein ratio and decrease in p27 expression. Such findings strongly support the early introduction of depsipeptide into clinical trials for patients with CLL. (C) 1999 by The American Society of Hematology. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Div Hematol Oncol, Hematol Oncol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Johns Hopkins Oncol Ctr, Div Hematol Malignancies, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Byrd, JC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Div Hematol Oncol, Hematol Oncol Serv, Ward 78, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 26 TC 125 Z9 129 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 19TH ST, NW, STE 300, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2422 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD AUG 15 PY 1999 VL 94 IS 4 BP 1401 EP 1408 PG 8 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 225FE UT WOS:000081947100028 PM 10438728 ER PT J AU Rudin, S Samsonidze, G Crowne, F AF Rudin, S Samsonidze, G Crowne, F TI Nonlinear response of two-dimensional electron plasmas in the conduction channels of field effect transistor structures SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOBILITY TRANSISTORS; BALANCE-EQUATIONS; FLUID; DEVICES; SIMULATION; RADIATION AB The response of an electron gas in a quasitwo-dimensional conduction channel depends on a characteristic frequency omega(0), defined as the ratio of the plasma wave velocity to the channel length. For a short-gate high electron mobility transistor omega(0) can be in the terahertz range. We have used a self-consistent hydrodynamic model of the confined electron plasma to show that significant nonlinear effects are present in its response to harmonic signals at microwave frequencies much lower than omega(0). We obtain the oscillatory time dependence of the terminal currents and study the interior dynamics of the electron plasma. We find that in certain device parameter ranges the essential nonlinearity in the microwave response may lead to nonlinear hydrodynamic effects, such as shock wave propagation in the conduction channel. When the boundary conditions at the source and drain terminals are asymmetric, the nonlinear plasma oscillations result in a nonzero dc component of the terminal current, which could be measured by using standard microwave circuits. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(99)06616-5]. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL SE EP, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Elect Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. RP Rudin, S (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL SE EP, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 17 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 15 PY 1999 VL 86 IS 4 BP 2083 EP 2088 DI 10.1063/1.371013 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 221HD UT WOS:000081720600047 ER PT J AU West, BJ Zhang, R Sanders, AW Miniyar, S Zuckerman, JH Levine, BD AF West, BJ Zhang, R Sanders, AW Miniyar, S Zuckerman, JH Levine, BD TI Fractal fluctuations in cardiac time series SO PHYSICA A-STATISTICAL MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE relative dispersion; scaling; heart rate variability; modulated inverse power law correlations ID HEART-RATE-VARIABILITY; POWER-LAW SPECTRA; CORRELATION DIMENSION; DYNAMICS; PHYSIOLOGY; INTERVALS; FAILURE AB Human heart rate, controlled by complex feedback mechanisms, is a vital index of systematic circulation. However, it has been shown that beat-to-beat values of heart rate fluctuate continually over a wide range of time scales. Herein we use the relative dispersion, the ratio of the standard deviation to the mean, to show, by systematically aggregating the data, that the correlation in the beat-to-beat cardiac time series is a modulated inverse power law. This scaling property indicates the existence of long-time memory in the underlying cardiac control process and supports the conclusion that heart rate variability is a temporal fractal. We argue that the cardiac control system has allometric properties that enable it to respond to a dynamical environment through scaling. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Presbyterian Hosp, Inst Exercise & Environm Med, Dallas, TX 75231 USA. RP USA, Res Off, PO Box 12211, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM westb@aro-emh1.army.mil RI West, Bruce/E-3944-2017 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL53206-03] NR 42 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4371 EI 1873-2119 J9 PHYSICA A JI Physica A PD AUG 15 PY 1999 VL 270 IS 3-4 BP 552 EP 566 DI 10.1016/S0378-4371(99)00175-2 PG 15 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 232NA UT WOS:000082375800015 PM 11542384 ER PT J AU Romanov, DA Glavin, BA Mitin, VV Stroscio, MA AF Romanov, DA Glavin, BA Mitin, VV Stroscio, MA TI Stimulated decay of nonselectively pumped optical phonons in GaAs SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TIME; HOT AB We have considered the processes determining the steady-state population of longitudinal optical (LO) phonons being intensively produced in GaAs by electrons optically excited or accelerated in strong external electric field. The emitted LO phonons pass their energy to acoustic phonon systems through anharmonic decay into longitudinal acoustic (LA) phonons. The latter emerge as almost monoenergetic and concentrated in a narrow layer in the reciprocal space. Had the occupation numbers of k states within this layer grown to unity, the decay process would have become stimulated, effectively desolating the built-in LO states and giving rise to various nonlinear phenomena. We show that this is actually the case by tracing LA phonon kinetics and calculating the number of phonons in each k state available for feedback. The results obtained substantially clarify the physical picture of energy transfer processes mediating heat removal in GaAs. [S0163-1829(99)02131-1]. C1 Wayne State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27695 USA. Inst Semicond Phys, UA-252650 Kiev, Ukraine. RP Romanov, DA (reprint author), Wayne State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. NR 19 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 15 PY 1999 VL 60 IS 7 BP 4771 EP 4777 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.60.4771 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 230FQ UT WOS:000082241500068 ER PT J AU Sorescu, DC Rice, BM Thompson, DL AF Sorescu, DC Rice, BM Thompson, DL TI Theoretical studies of the hydrostatic compression of RDX, HMX, HNIW, and PETN crystals SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; MONTE-CARLO; PACKING AB A previously developed intermolecular potential for nitramines and several other classes of nitro-compound crystals has been used to investigate the behavior of the energetic materials hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5s-triazine (RDX), 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetraazacyclooctane (HMX), 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitrohexaaza-isowurtzitane (HNIW), and pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) under hydrostatic compression. Isothermal-isobaric molecular simulations (assuming the rigid-molecule approximation) and molecular packing calculations were used to perform the analyses. In the case of the RDX, HMX, and HNIW crystals, the results indicate that the proposed potential model is able to reproduce accurately the changes in the structural crystallographic parameters as functions of pressure for the entire range of pressures that has been investigated experimentally. In addition, the calculated bulk moduli of RDX and HMX were found to be in good agreement with the corresponding experimental results. In the case of the PETN crystal, the crystallographic parameters have been reproduced with an acceptable accuracy at pressures up to about 5 Cpa. The larger deviations from the experimental results at greater pressures indicate the limitations of the rigid-molecule model when applied to floppy molecules. The similarity of the results determined in molecular packing calculations relative to those from molecular dynamics simulations suggest that the former method can be used as an efficient tool for rapid tests of the crystal structure modification under pressure. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Chem, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Thompson, DL (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Chem, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. NR 38 TC 96 Z9 100 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5647 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD AUG 12 PY 1999 VL 103 IS 32 BP 6783 EP 6790 DI 10.1021/jp991202o PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 227ZY UT WOS:000082111200020 ER PT J AU Cook, RE Goretta, KC Wolfenstine, J Nash, P Routbort, JL AF Cook, RE Goretta, KC Wolfenstine, J Nash, P Routbort, JL TI High-temperature deformation and defect chemistry of (La1-xSrx)(1-y)MnO3+delta SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE functional ceramics; creep; high temperature; defects; La1-xSrxMnO3 ID OXIDE FUEL-CELLS; OXIDATION-REDUCTION BEHAVIOR; SR-DOPED LAMNO3; DIFFUSIONAL CREEP; OXYGEN PERMEATION; GIANT MAGNETORESISTANCE; MASS-TRANSPORT; PHASE-DIAGRAM; LAMNO3+/-DELTA; MODEL AB The creep behavior of (La1-xSrx)(1-y)MnO3+delta has been studied as a function of oxygen partial pressure (P-O2) and Sr concentration. Polycrystalline samples (x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3) were deformed at 1523 K in constant-crosshead-speed compression tests in various atmospheres (10(-2) less than or equal to P-O2 less than or equal to 10(5) Pa). The material deformed by grain-boundary sliding accommodated by lattice diffusion with some possible cavitation and/or interface reaction control. The defect-chemistry model which is standard in the literature could not explain the dependence of the stress on P-O2 and the Sr concentration. A modified defect-chemistry model shows that cation vacancies controlled the creep rate at P-O2 less than or equal to 10(5) Pa for x = 0.3 and at low P-O2 for x = 0.1 and 0.2, and that oxygen vacancies were rate-controlling at high P-O2 for x = 0.1 and 0.2. (C) 1999 Acta Metallurgica me. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. IIT, Dept Mech Mat & Aerosp Engn, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. RP Cook, RE (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 60 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD AUG 10 PY 1999 VL 47 IS 10 BP 2969 EP 2980 DI 10.1016/S1359-6454(99)00160-3 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 231DW UT WOS:000082293700011 ER PT J AU Munavalli, S Rohrbaugh, DK Rossman, DI Durst, HD AF Munavalli, S Rohrbaugh, DK Rossman, DI Durst, HD TI Reaction of ethynylcyclopentanol with trifluoromethylsulfenyl chloride SO JOURNAL OF FLUORINE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE self-catalyzed trifluoromethylthiolation; cyclopententyl- and (1-hydroxycyclopentyl)ethynes and -ethylenes ID ADDITION-REACTIONS; RADICAL REACTIONS; BONDS; BIS(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)TRISULFIDE; REAGENTS AB Based on the mass spectral fragmentation behavior of the reaction products, the free radical reaction of I-ethynyl-l-cyclopentanol (1) with trifluoromethylsulfenyl chloride (2) has been found to furnish 13 compounds formed from addition and elimination reactions. Two compounds are noteworthy in that one does not have the side chain, while the other carries an extended 'tri-ynyl' side chain. This paper presents the mechanism of formation of the various compounds and their GC-MS characterization. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Geocenters Inc, Gunpowder Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. USA, Edgewood Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Munavalli, S (reprint author), Geocenters Inc, Gunpowder Branch, POB 68, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 55 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0022-1139 J9 J FLUORINE CHEM JI J. Fluor. Chem. PD AUG 10 PY 1999 VL 98 IS 1 BP 3 EP 9 DI 10.1016/S0022-1139(99)00066-4 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 218XC UT WOS:000081577500002 ER PT J AU Rao, M Matyas, GR Grieder, F Anderson, K Jahrling, PB Alving, CR AF Rao, M Matyas, GR Grieder, F Anderson, K Jahrling, PB Alving, CR TI Cytotoxic T lymphocytes to Ebola Zaire virus are induced in mice by immunization with liposomes containing lipid A SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE liposomes; Ebola virus; CTL ID SYNTHETIC LIPOPEPTIDE VACCINE; CLASS-I MOLECULES; ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEIN; EXOGENOUS ANTIGENS; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; TYPE-1 INFECTION; SOLUBLE-PROTEIN; INDUCTION; PEPTIDES; MACROPHAGES AB An eight amino acid sequence (TELRTFSI) present in the carboxy terminal end (aa 577-584) of membrane-anchored GP, the major structural protein of Ebola virus, was identified as an H-2(k)-specific murine cytotoxic T cell epitope, Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) to this epitope were induced by immunizing B10.BR mice intravenously with either irradiated Ebola virus or with irradiated Ebola virus encapsulated in liposomes containing lipid A. The CTL response induced by irradiated Ebola virus could not be sustained after the second round of in vitro stimulation of immune splenocytes with the peptide, unless the irradiated virus was encapsulated in liposomes containing lipid A. The identification of an Ebola GP-specific CTL epitope and the requirement of liposomal lipid A for CTL memory recall responses could prove to be a promising approach for developing a vaccine against Ebola virus infection. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Membrane Biochem, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Immunol & Microbiol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Rao, M (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Membrane Biochem, Washington, DC 20307 USA. EM dr._mangala_rao@wrsmtp-ccmail.army.mil NR 44 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD AUG 6 PY 1999 VL 17 IS 23-24 BP 2991 EP 2998 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(99)00170-X PG 8 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 225KD UT WOS:000081957300008 PM 10462234 ER PT J AU Jones, TR Obaldia, N Gramzinski, RA Charoenvit, Y Kolodny, N Kitov, S Davis, HL Krieg, AM Hoffman, SL AF Jones, TR Obaldia, N Gramzinski, RA Charoenvit, Y Kolodny, N Kitov, S Davis, HL Krieg, AM Hoffman, SL TI Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides containing CpG motifs enhance immunogenicity of a peptide malaria vaccine in Aotus monkeys SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE CpG motif; oligodeoxynucleotide; immunization; malaria; Aotus ID IMMUNOSTIMULATORY DNA-SEQUENCES; MEROZOITE SURFACE PROTEIN-1; BACTERIAL-DNA; B-CELL; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; IMMUNE ACTIVATION; OWL MONKEY; ANTIGEN; ADJUVANTS; IMMUNIZATION AB Synthetic peptide and recombinant protein vaccines are optimally immunogenic when delivered with an effective adjuvant, Candidate vaccines currently insufficiently immunogenic may induce a protective immunity if they could be delivered with more effective adjuvants, For example, immunogens that induce promising responses when administered to mice with complete and incomplete Freund's adjuvants perform less well in primate animal models where complete Freund's adjuvant is not used. We report the use of synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides containing CpG motifs, the sequences of which are based on immunostimulatory bacterial DNA sequences, to enhance the immune response in Aotus monkeys to a synthetic peptide malaria vaccine, Monkeys were immunized with the synthetic peptide PADRE 45, a synthetic peptide containing amino acid sequences derived from the circumsporozoite protein (CSP) from Plasmodium falciparum, and delivered in an emulsion of saline and Montanide 720, a mannide oleate in oil solution, that also contained one of three oligodeoxynucleotides. The animals receiving oligodeoxynucleotides containing either three or four CpG motifs produced antibodies that bound a recombinant CSP as measured in ELISA, and reacted with P. falciparum sporozoites in a sporozoite immunofluorescent test. These responses were significantly greater than those seen in animals receiving the oligodeoxynucleotide without CpG motifs, These data indicate that oligodeoxynucleotides containing CpG motifs improve immunogenicity of peptide immunogens in non-human primates, and may be immunopotentiators useful in humans. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd, All rights reserved. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. Promed Trading SA, Panama City, Panama. Gorgas Mem Lab, Panama City, Panama. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Immunol, Washington, DC USA. Ottawa Hosp, Loeb Hlth Res Inst, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Univ Ottawa, Fac Med, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Univ Ottawa, Fac Hlth Sci, Ottawa, ON, Canada. CPG ImmunoPharmaceut Inc, Wellesley, MA USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Med, Interdisciplinary Immunol Program, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Med, Dept Internal Med, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. CPG ImmunoPharmaceut, Iowa City, IA USA. RP Jones, TR (reprint author), NMRC Annex, 12300 Washington Ave, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. RI Obaldia, Nicanor/O-8460-2015; OI Obaldia, Nicanor/0000-0002-3711-9449 NR 32 TC 129 Z9 135 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD AUG 6 PY 1999 VL 17 IS 23-24 BP 3065 EP 3071 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(99)00145-0 PG 7 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 225KD UT WOS:000081957300015 PM 10462241 ER PT J AU Luo, CY Saxena, A Smith, M Garcia, G Radic, Z Taylor, P Doctor, BP AF Luo, CY Saxena, A Smith, M Garcia, G Radic, Z Taylor, P Doctor, BP TI Phosphoryl oxime inhibition of acetylcholinesterase during grime reactivation is prevented by edrophonium SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN SERUM PARAOXONASE; INTERMEDIATE SYNDROME; METHYLPHOSPHONOFLUORIDATE SOMAN; STEREOSPECIFIC REACTIVATION; HI-6; OBIDOXIME; CHOLINESTERASE; PURIFICATION; RAT; MONOQUATERNARY AB Reactivation of organophosphate (OP)-inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is a key objective in the treatment of OP poisoning. This study with native, wild-type, and mutant recombinant DNA-expressed AChEs, each inhibited by representative OP compounds, establishes a relationship between edrophonium acceleration of oxime-induced reactivation of OP-AChE conjugates and phosphoryl oxime inhibition of the reactivated enzyme that occurs during reactivation by pyridinium oximes LuH6 and TMB4. No such recurring inhibition could be observed with HI-6 as the reactivator due to the extreme lability of the phosphoryl oximes formed by this oxime. Phosphoryl oximes formed during reactivation of the ethoxy methylphosphonyl-AChE conjugate by LuH6 and TMB4 were isolated for the first time and their structures confirmed by P-31 NMR. However, phosphoryl oximes formed during the reactivation of the diethylphosphoryl-AChE conjugate were not sufficiently stable to be detected by 31P NMR. The purified ethoxy methylphosphonyl oximes formed during the reactivation of ethoxy methylphosphonyl-AChE conjugate with LuH6 and TMB4 are 10- to 22-fold more potent than MEPQ as inhibitors of AChE and stable for several hours at pH 7.2 in HEPES buffer. Reactivation of both ethoxy methylphosphonyl- and diethylphosphoryl-AChE by these two oximes was accelerated in the presence of rabbit serum paraoxonase, suggesting that organophosphorus hydrolase can hydrolyze phosphoryl oxime formed during the reactivation. Our results emphasize that certain oximes, such as LuH6 and TMB4 if used in the treatment of OP pesticide poisoning may cause prolonged inhibition of AChE due to formation of phosphoryl oximes. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Biochem, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Drug Discovery Grp, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Pharmacol, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Luo, CY (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Biochem, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 41 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD AUG 3 PY 1999 VL 38 IS 31 BP 9937 EP 9947 DI 10.1021/bi9905720 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 226HG UT WOS:000082014100017 PM 10433700 ER PT J AU Adams, SR Hoover, JJ Killgore, KJ AF Adams, SR Hoover, JJ Killgore, KJ TI Swimming endurance of juvenile pallid sturgeon, Scaphirhynchus albus SO COPEIA LA English DT Article ID AMERICAN STREAM FISHES; ACIPENSER-FULVESCENS; WATER VELOCITY; FISHWAY DESIGN; LAKE STURGEON; PERFORMANCE; SELECTION; SPEEDS AB Hatchery-reared, juvenile pallid sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus) were subjected to swimming stamina tests in a 100-L Blazka-type swim Funnel at 17-20 C, Endurance was measured at fixed velocities ranging from 10-70 cm/sec, and sustained, prolonged, and burst swimming speeds were identified for two size groups: 17.0-20.5 and 13.0-16.8 cm FL. Maximum observed sustained swimming speed (no fatigue after 480 min) was 25 and 10 cm/sec, respectively, for the large and small size group. A curvilinear relationship was found between endurance and speed over the prolonged/burst speed range. Burst speeds of 55-70 and 40-70 cm/sec were measured for the large and small fish, respectively Similar to other lotic, benthic fish, sturgeon could use their pectoral fins and overall body morphology to maintain station against velocity without swimming. Fish typically swam with the ventral body surface in contact with the tunnel bottom during tests, rarely swimming in the water column. Swimming speeds of pallid sturgeon are comparable to speeds reported for similar-sized lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens), but they exhibited lower performance relative to other species. Juvenile pallid sturgeon may inhabit high velocity rivers by taking advantage of low velocity microhabitats. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Adams, SR (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Dept Zool, Cooperat Fisheries Res Lab, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. EM adamsr@siu.edu NR 27 TC 43 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS & HERPETOLOGISTS PI MIAMI PA MAUREEN DONNELLY, SECRETARY FLORIDA INT UNIV BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 11200 SW 8TH STREET, MIAMI, FL 33199 USA SN 0045-8511 EI 1938-5110 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD AUG 2 PY 1999 IS 3 BP 802 EP 807 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 227HR UT WOS:000082075500031 ER PT J AU Taylor, DN AF Taylor, DN TI Invited commentary: dynamics of Helicobacter pylori infection in childhood SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID CHILDREN; EPIDEMIOLOGY; COHORT; AGE C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Enter Infect, Div Communicable Dis & Immunol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Taylor, DN (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Enter Infect, Div Communicable Dis & Immunol, Bldg 40,Room 2076,14th & Dahlia, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD AUG 1 PY 1999 VL 150 IS 3 BP 231 EP 232 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 221AZ UT WOS:000081703200002 PM 10430226 ER PT J AU Fincher, RK Osgard, EM Jackson, JL Strong, JS Wong, RKH AF Fincher, RK Osgard, EM Jackson, JL Strong, JS Wong, RKH TI A comparison of bowel preparations for flexible sigmoidoscopy: Oral magnesium citrate combined with oral bisacodyl, one hypertonic phosphate enema, or two hypertonic phosphate enemas SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SODIUM-PHOSPHATE; COLONOSCOPY PREPARATION; ELECTROLYTE LAVAGE; PATIENT TOLERANCE AB OBJECTIVE: Magnesium citrate with hypertonic enemas or oral bisacodyl provides superior preparation quality for sigmoidoscopy over enemas alone. We compared three magnesium citrate sigmoidoscopy preparations in a randomized, single-blind, controlled trial. METHODS: Two hundred and ninety-one adults scheduled for routine sigmoidoscopy were randomly assigned to receive one of three preparations containing oral magnesium citrate (296 cc) taken the night before the procedure in combination with the following: 1) oral bisacodyl (10 mg), given with the magnesium citrate the night before the procedure; 2) one hypertonic phosphate enema 1 h before the procedure; or 3) two hypertonic phosphate enemas, given singly at 2 and 1 h before the procedure. Endoscopists rated preparation quality, procedure duration, and depth of endoscopic insertion. Patients assessed preparation comfort and overall satisfaction. RESULTS: Preparation quality was rated as excellent or good for 80.6% in the bisacodyl group, 88.7% in the one-enema group, and 85.1% in the two-enema group (p = 0.30). Patients reported the oral bisacodyl regimen was better tolerated (p = 0.032). Although the three regimens were comparable in most side effects, the bisacodyl preparation was associated with more diarrhea (p = 0.0003). Mean procedure duration, mean insertion depth, and prevalence of diverticula and polyps were similar in all groups. Fewer than 4% of patients required repeat procedures due to poor preparation quality. CONCLUSIONS: There was no statistical difference between the quality of the three bowel preparations. Patients considered an oral bisacodyl and magnesium citrate regimen more easily tolerated, though it was associated with more diarrhea. (Am J Gastroenterol 1999;94:2122-2127. (C) 1999 by Am. Coll. of Gastroenterology). C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Gastroenterol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Fincher, RK (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Gastroenterol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 16 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0002-9270 J9 AM J GASTROENTEROL JI Am. J. Gastroenterol. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 94 IS 8 BP 2122 EP 2127 PG 6 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 223YJ UT WOS:000081868900021 PM 10445538 ER PT J AU Moran, DS Castellani, JW O'Brien, C Young, AJ Pandolf, KB AF Moran, DS Castellani, JW O'Brien, C Young, AJ Pandolf, KB TI Evaluating physiological strain during cold exposure using a new cold strain index SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hypothermic environments; indexes; rectal temperature; skin temperature ID HUMAN THERMOREGULATORY RESPONSES; WATER IMMERSION; EXERCISE; AIR AB A cold strain index (CSI) based on core (T-core) and mean skin temperatures ((T) over bar(sk)) and capable of indicating cold strain in real time and analyzing existing databases has been developed. This index rates cold strain on a universal scale of 0-10 and is as follows: CSI = 6.67(T-coret - T-core0) . (35 - T-core0)(-1) + 3.33((T) over bar(skt) - (T) over bar(sk0)) . (20 - (T) over bar(sk0))(-1), where T-core0 and (T) over bar(sk0) are initial measurements and T-coret and (T) over bar(skt) are simultaneous measurements taken at any time t; when T-coret > T-core0, then T-coret - T-core0 = 0. CSI was applied to three databases. The first database was obtained from nine men exposed to cold air (7 degrees C, 40% relative humidity) for 120 min during euhydration and two hypohydration conditions achieved by exercise-heat stress-induced sweating or by ingestion of furosemide 12 h before cold exposure. The second database was from eight men exposed to cold air (10 degrees C) immediately on completion of 61 days of strenuous outdoor military training, 48 h later, and after 109 days. The third database was from eight men repeatedly immersed in 20 degrees C water three times in 1 day and during control immersions. CSI significantly differentiated (P < 0.01) between the trials and individually categorized the strain of the subject for two of these three databases. This index has the potential to be widely accepted and used universally. C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Chaim Sheba Med Ctr, Heller Inst Med Res, IL-52621 Tel Hashomer, Israel. RP Moran, DS (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, 42 Kansas St, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 30 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0363-6119 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-REG I JI Am. J. Physiol.-Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 277 IS 2 BP R556 EP R564 PG 9 WC Physiology SC Physiology GA 224WT UT WOS:000081923500027 PM 10444564 ER PT J AU Katz, DS Hines, J Rausch, DR Perlmutter, S Sommer, FG Lumerman, JH Friedman, RM Lane, MJ AF Katz, DS Hines, J Rausch, DR Perlmutter, S Sommer, FG Lumerman, JH Friedman, RM Lane, MJ TI Unenhanced helical CT for suspected renal colic SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACUTE FLANK PAIN; SPIRAL CT; CALCULI C1 Winthrop Univ Hosp, Dept Radiol, Mineola, NY 11501 USA. Mt Sinai Hosp, Dept Radiol, New York, NY 10029 USA. Stanford Univ Hosp, Dept Radiol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Long Isl Jewish Med Ctr, Dept Urol, New Hyde Park, NY 11040 USA. Winthrop Univ Hosp, Dept Urol, Mineola, NY 11501 USA. N Shore Univ Hosp, Dept Radiol, Manhasset, NY 11030 USA. Jacobi Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Katz, DS (reprint author), Winthrop Univ Hosp, Dept Radiol, 259 1st St, Mineola, NY 11501 USA. NR 8 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0361-803X J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 173 IS 2 BP 425 EP 430 PG 6 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 219QU UT WOS:000081618900034 PM 10430148 ER PT J AU Anstey, NM Granger, DL Hassanali, MY Mwaikambo, ED Duffy, PE Weinberg, JB AF Anstey, NM Granger, DL Hassanali, MY Mwaikambo, ED Duffy, PE Weinberg, JB TI Nitric oxide, malaria, and anemia: Inverse relationship between nitric oxide production and hemoglobin concentration in asymptomatic, malaria-exposed children SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; IN-VITRO; IRON SUPPLEMENTATION; INTERFERON-GAMMA; SYNTHASE TYPE-2; AREA; INTERLEUKIN-10; MACROPHAGES; SUPPRESSION; EXPRESSION AB The cause of the anemia associated with chronic, intermittent, asymptomatic, low-level parasitemia in children in malaria-endemic endemic areas is not well understood. Nitric oxide (NO) decreases erythropoiesis, and it is likely an important mediator of anemia of chronic disease. Production of NO is decreased in acute uncomplicated and cerebral malaria, but it is increased in asymptomatic Tanzanian children (with or without parasitemia). We hypothesized that chronic overproduction of NO in these asymptomatic children contributes to the anemia associated with subclinical/subpatent malaria. In 44 fasting, asymptomatic, malaria-exposed, Tanzanian children, NO production (measured using fasting urine NOx excretion) was inversely associated with hemoglobin concentration (P = 0.03, controlling for age and gender). Using multiple linear regression, hemoglobin concentration was negatively associated with parasitemia (P = 0.005). After controlling for age and parasitemia, NO was no longer an independent predictor of anemia. One of the mechanisms of parasite-related anemia in such children may be through the adverse hematologic effects of parasite-induced NO production. C1 Menzies Sch Hlth Res, Trop Med & Int Hlth Unit, Darwin, NT 0811, Australia. Univ Utah, Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Salt Lake City, UT USA. Muhimbili Med Ctr, Dept Paediat & Child Hlth, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Immunol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Div Hematol Oncol, Durham, NC USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Durham, NC 27705 USA. RP Anstey, NM (reprint author), Menzies Sch Hlth Res, Trop Med & Int Hlth Unit, POB 41096, Darwin, NT 0811, Australia. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-41764] NR 31 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 61 IS 2 BP 249 EP 252 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 227VQ UT WOS:000082101000014 PM 10463675 ER PT J AU Anstey, NM Weinberg, JB Wang, ZQ Mwaikambo, ED Duffy, PE Granger, DL AF Anstey, NM Weinberg, JB Wang, ZQ Mwaikambo, ED Duffy, PE Granger, DL TI Effects of age and parasitemia on nitric oxide production/leukocyte nitric oxide synthase type 2 expression in asymptomatic, malaria-exposed children SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; IN-VITRO; MORBIDITY; NITRATE; DISEASE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; PROTECTION; INDUCTION; MONOCYTES; EXCRETION AB Age appears to influence not only the acquisition of clinical immunity to malaria but also the susceptibility to and clinical manifestations of severe malaria. Asymptomatic malaria-exposed Tanzanian children have high production of nitric oxide (NO) and universal expression of leukocyte NO synthase type 2 (NOS2), which may protect against disease. To determine the effects of age and parasitemia on NO production, we measured urine and plasma NO metabolites and leukocyte NOS2 expression in 45 fasting, asymptomatic, malaria-exposed children of different ages, stratifying parasitemia by thick film and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. Although NO production was significantly higher in thick film-positive children than in thick film-negative children, after adjusting for age and gender, we were unable to detect a difference in NO production in thick film-negative children between those who were PCR positive and PCR negative. The relationship between age and NO production was determined using a generalized additive model adjusted for the effects of gender and parasitemia. Production of NO using all three measures was highest in infancy, decreasing after the first year of life, and then increasing again after 5 years of age. This pattern of age-related NO production is the reverse of the pattern of age-related morbidity from cerebral malaria in coastal Tanzanian children. Elevated production of NO in both infants and older children may be related to age per se and malaria infection respectively, and may be one of the mediators of the anti-disease immunity found most commonly in these two age groups. C1 Menzies Sch Hlth Res, Trop Med & Int Hlth Unit, Darwin, NT 0811, Australia. Menzies Sch Hlth Res, Biostat Unit, Darwin, NT 0811, Australia. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Div Hematol Oncol, Durham, NC 27705 USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Durham, NC 27705 USA. Muhimbili Med Ctr, Dept Paediat & Child Hlth, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Immunol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Univ Utah, Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Salt Lake City, UT 84132 USA. RP Anstey, NM (reprint author), Menzies Sch Hlth Res, Trop Med & Int Hlth Unit, POB 41096, Darwin, NT 0811, Australia. RI Wang, Zhiqiang/A-5835-2010 OI Wang, Zhiqiang/0000-0002-5839-743X FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-41764] NR 35 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 61 IS 2 BP 253 EP 258 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 227VQ UT WOS:000082101000015 PM 10463676 ER PT J AU Leon, G Stiles, B Alape, A Rojas, G Gutierrez, JM AF Leon, G Stiles, B Alape, A Rojas, G Gutierrez, JM TI Comparative study on the ability of IgG and F(ab ')(2) antivenoms to neutralize lethal and myotoxic effects induced by Micrurus nigrocinctus (coral snake) venom SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID MYONECROSIS; PHARMACOKINETICS; NEUROTOXIN; TOXIN; MICE AB comparative study was performed on the ability of IgG and F(ab')(2) antivenoms to neutralize lethal and myotoxic activities of Micrurus nigrocinctus venom. Both antivenoms were adjusted to a similar neutralizing potency in experiments where venom and antivenoms were preincubated prior to injection. No significant differences were observed between IgG and F(ab')(2) antivenoms concerning neutralization of lethal effect in rescue experiments, i.e., when antivenom was administered intravenously after envenomation, However F(ab')(2) antivenom was more effective in prolonging the time of death when subneutralizing doses were administered immediately after venom injection. Both products partially reversed the binding of M. nigrocinctus alpha-neurotoxins to acetylcholine receptor in vitro. The IgG and F(ab')(2) antivenoms effectively neutralized venom-induced myotoxicity when administered intravenously immediately after envenomation, although neutralization was poor if antivenom injections were delayed, Intramuscular injection of venom promoted diffusion of antivenom antibodies throughout muscle tissue, and F(ab')(2) diffused to a higher extent than IgG molecules, Thus, despite the observation that F(ab')(2) antivenom was mon effective than IgG antivenom in prolonging the time of death when subneutralizing doses were administered immediately after envenomation, no major differences were observed in antivenom neutralization of lethal and myotoxic effects or in their capacity to reverse neurotoxin binding to the acetylcholine receptor. C1 Univ Costa Rica, Fac Microbiol, Inst Clodomiro Picado, San Jose, Costa Rica. Univ Costa Rica, Fac Med, Dept Bioquim, San Jose, Costa Rica. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Toxinol Div, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Leon, G (reprint author), Univ Costa Rica, Fac Microbiol, Inst Clodomiro Picado, San Jose, Costa Rica. OI Gutierrez, Jose Maria/0000-0001-8385-3081 NR 30 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 EI 1476-1645 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 61 IS 2 BP 266 EP 271 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 227VQ UT WOS:000082101000017 PM 10463678 ER PT J AU Defraites, RF Gambel, JM Hoke, CH Sanchez, JL Withers, BG Karabatsos, N Shope, RE Tirrell, S Yoshida, I Takagi, M Meschievitz, CK Tsai, TF AF Defraites, RF Gambel, JM Hoke, CH Sanchez, JL Withers, BG Karabatsos, N Shope, RE Tirrell, S Yoshida, I Takagi, M Meschievitz, CK Tsai, TF TI Japanese encephalitis vaccine (inactivated, BIKEN) in US soldiers: Immunogenicity and safety of vaccine administered in two dosing regimens SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID ANTIBODY-RESPONSE; YELLOW-FEVER; NEUTRALIZATION AB The safety and immunogenicity of Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccine (Nakayama strain, monovalent / BIKEN) was studied in 538 U.S. soldiers in 1990. Three doses of vaccine from three consecutively manufactured lots were given on days 0, 7, and either 14 or 30. Serum for antibody determination was drawn at months 0, 2, and 6. Japanese encephalitis plaque reduction neutralization tests were pel formed by three laboratories on each specimen. Five hundred twenty-eight (98%) participants completed the immunization series. All recipients without antibody before immunization developed neutralizing antibody against JE virus. There were no differences in geometric mean titer among the three test lots at months 2 and 6. Soldiers who received the third dose on day 30 had higher titers at both time points. Antibody to yellow fever had no significant effect on immune response to vaccine. Conclusions drawn from analysis of serologic data from the three labs were nearly identical. Symptoms were generally limited to mild local effects and were reduced in frequency with each subsequent does in the series (21% to 11%; P < 0.0001). Generalized symptoms were rare (e.g., fever = 5%) with no reported cases of anaphylaxis. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Prevent Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Communicable Dis & Immunol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Yale Arbovirus Res Unit,Connecticut Emerging Infe, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Pasteur Merieux Connaught Inc, Swiftwater, PA 18370 USA. Osaka Univ, Kanoji Inst, Res Inst Microbial Dis, Osaka, Japan. RP Defraites, RF (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Prevent Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 21 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 61 IS 2 BP 288 EP 293 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 227VQ UT WOS:000082101000020 PM 10463681 ER PT J AU Pritchett, T AF Pritchett, T TI The hopping hoop revisited SO AMERICAN MATHEMATICAL MONTHLY LA English DT Article C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Phys, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Pritchett, T (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Phys, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 3 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATHEMATICAL ASSOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1529 18TH STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-9890 J9 AM MATH MON JI Am. Math. Mon. PD AUG-SEP PY 1999 VL 106 IS 7 BP 609 EP 617 DI 10.2307/2589490 PG 9 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 235QT UT WOS:000082554600001 ER PT J AU Garshnek, V Burkle, FM AF Garshnek, V Burkle, FM TI Telecommunications systems in support of disaster medicine: Applications of basic information pathways SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID TELEMEDICINE AB Disaster events have always been a fact of life. Success or failure of a disaster response is often determined by timely access to communication and reliable information. The rapid progress and future course in telecommunications indicate that lack of communications need no longer be the paralyzing factor in a disaster scenario. This is especially important for medical response where time is of essence to save lives. This article explores various telecommunications tools that can enhance medical response in a disaster and includes those associated with telemedicine (providing medical care from a distance through telecommunications). Disaster telemedicine systems need not be special or sophisticated-the challenge is to match the right systems with a given disaster plan or scenario. A brief history of telemedicine use for disaster relief and humanitarian assistance is presented together with a discussion of advantages, disadvantages, and near-future potential of telecommunication systems to gain a better perspective of which tools might best fit disaster medicine needs today and into the new millennium. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Pacific Reg Program Off, Ctr Excellence Disaster Management & Humanitarian, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Garshnek, V (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Pacific Reg Program Off, Ctr Excellence Disaster Management & Humanitarian, 1 Jarrett White Rd,MCPA-PO, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 30 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 34 IS 2 BP 213 EP 218 DI 10.1016/S0196-0644(99)70231-3 PG 6 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 221JA UT WOS:000081722900013 PM 10424923 ER PT J AU Eitzen, EM AF Eitzen, EM TI Education is the key to defense against bioterrorism SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Operat Med Div, Med Corps, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. RP Eitzen, EM (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Operat Med Div, Med Corps, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. NR 5 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 34 IS 2 BP 221 EP 223 DI 10.1016/S0196-0644(99)70233-7 PG 3 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 221JA UT WOS:000081722900015 PM 10424925 ER PT J AU McFarland, VA Inouye, LS Lutz, CH Jarvis, AS Clarke, JU McCant, DD AF McFarland, VA Inouye, LS Lutz, CH Jarvis, AS Clarke, JU McCant, DD TI Biomarkers of oxidative stress and genotoxicity in livers of field-collected brown bullhead, Ameiurus nebulosus SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHANNEL CATFISH; GLUTATHIONE; ASSAY; DNA; POPULATION; RESPONSES; EXPOSURE; DAMAGE; CELLS; RIVER AB The objective of this investigation was to determine whether differences in a suite of biomarker assays in brown bullhead liver tissues could be detected and related to the pollution histories of two Ohio locations, one a reach of the Black River that had historically been severely impacted by the effluents of a coking plant, the other at Old Woman Creek, a freshwater estuarine research preserve. There were no gross differences in pathologies detectable in fish from either site, and the major difference found in bullheads at the two sites was in the relative Liver weight (RLW). Differential responses of glutathione reductase, glutathione-S-transferase, Se-dependent glutathione peroxidase, Se-independent glutathione peroxidase, and oxidized glutathione have been reported between fish from contaminated and uncontaminated sites in other studies, but no such differences were observed in the present study. Of the oxidative stress biomarkers included in this investigation, only the responses of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and total glutathione appeared to correlate with environmental exposure of brown bullhead to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Results with single-strand DNA and ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase were the reverse of what has been reported in most other studies, and may reflect adaptation of the fish at the previously highly contaminated site. The fish at the:Black River site appear to have responded to the xenobiotics present in their environment by increasing their overall liver size, thereby increasing the overall amount of enzymes rather than altering the specific activity of a select set of protective enzymes. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. AScI Corp, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP McFarland, VA (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Environm Lab, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 25 TC 123 Z9 127 U1 2 U2 13 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 37 IS 2 BP 236 EP 241 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 218YT UT WOS:000081581100012 PM 10398774 ER PT J AU Park, GC Shelton, JB Ow, RA Todd, DH AF Park, GC Shelton, JB Ow, RA Todd, DH TI Merkel cell carcinoma of the lower lip - A case report and histopathologic study SO ARCHIVES OF OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD & NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article ID NEURO-ENDOCRINE CARCINOMA; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; TRABECULAR CARCINOMA; SKIN; IMMUNOREACTIVITY; MUCOSA; HEAD; NECK AB Merkel cell carcinoma of the lower lip is a rare clinical entity. It is generally thought to be more aggressive than the more common skin cancers of the lips and oral cavity. The literature reveals that delayed diagnoses and poor survival are common among patients with these malignancies. Recommended treatment is surgical excision with wide margins and treatment of cervical metastases with either surgery or radiotherapy or both. Unlike other malignant neoplasms, the occurrence of Merkel cell carcinoma in a relatively older population makes comorbid conditions a key factor in treatment planning. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Park, GC (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0886-4470 J9 ARCH OTOLARYNGOL JI Arch. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 125 IS 8 BP 907 EP 911 PG 5 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 224LV UT WOS:000081901300012 PM 10448739 ER PT J AU Makshtas, AP Andreas, EL Svyashchennikov, PN Timachev, VF AF Makshtas, AP Andreas, EL Svyashchennikov, PN Timachev, VF TI Accounting for clouds in sea ice models SO ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE clouds; sea ice; surface-layer air temperature ID CLIMATE FEEDBACK; ATMOSPHERE; RADIATION AB Over sea ice in winter, the clouds, the surface-layer air temperature, and the long-wave radiation are closely coupled. Here we use archived data from the Russian Worth Pole (NP) drifting stations and our own data from Ice Station Weddell (ISW) to investigate this coupling. Both Arctic and Antarctic distributions of total cloud amount are U-shaped: that is, observed cloud amounts are typically either 0-2 tenths or 8-10 tenths in the polar regions. We fitted these data with beta distributions and, using roughly 70 station-years of observations from the NP stations, compute fitting parameters for each winter month. Although we find that surface-layer air temperature and total cloud amount are correlated, it is not straightforward to predict one from the other because temperature is normally distributed while cloud amount has a U-shaped distribution. Nevertheless, we develop a statistical algorithm that can predict total cloud amount in winter from surface-layer temperature alone and, as required, produces a distribution of cloud amounts that is U-shaped. Because sea ice models usually need cloud data to estimate incoming long-wave radiation, this algorithm may be useful for estimating cloud amounts and, thus, for computing the surface heat budget when: no visual cloud observations are available but temperature is measured from the Arctic buoy network or from automatic weather stations, for example. The incoming long-wave radiation in sea ice models is generally highly parameterized. We evaluate five common parameterizations using data from NP-4, NP-25, and ISW. The formula for estimating incoming long-wave radiation that Konig-Langlo and Augstein developed using both Arctic and Antarctic data has the best properties but does depend nonlinearly on total cloud amount. This nonlinearity is crucial since cloud distributions are U-shaped while common sources of cloud data tabulate only mean monthly values. Lastly, we therefore use a one-dimensional sea ice model to investigate how methods of averaging cloud amounts affect predicted sea ice thickness in the context of the five long-wave radiation parameterizations. Were, too, Konig-Langlo and Augstein's formula performs best, and using daily averaged cloud data yields more realistic results than using monthly averaged cloud data that have been interpolated to daily values. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Arctic & Antarctic Res Inst, St Petersburg 199397, Russia. RP Andreas, EL (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 57 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0169-8095 J9 ATMOS RES JI Atmos. Res. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 52 IS 1-2 BP 77 EP 113 DI 10.1016/S0169-8095(99)00028-9 PG 37 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 239DJ UT WOS:000082753300005 ER PT J AU Olivere, JW Meier, PA Fraser, SL Morrison, WD Parsons, TW Drehner, DM AF Olivere, JW Meier, PA Fraser, SL Morrison, WD Parsons, TW Drehner, DM TI Coccidioidomycosis - the airborne assault continues: An unusual presentation with a review of the history, epidemiology, and military relevance SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Coccidioides immitis; coccidioidomycosis; dissemination; epidemiology; history; military; flight surgeons ID OUTBREAK; FLUCONAZOLE; MENINGITIS; THERAPY AB Despite remarkable advances in detection and therapy, coccidioidomycosis remains a persistent threat to military troops deployed in endemic areas. Pregnant women, immunocompromised hosts, and dark-skinned persons, particularly those of Filipino, African, Hispanic or Asian ancestry, are at greatest risk for disseminated coccidioidomycosis. The ethnically diverse military forces have susceptible active duty and reserve members stationed at or temporarily trained on bases located in endemic areas for Coccidioides immitis. Although the vast majority of infections with this organism are subclinical, unusual patterns of dissemination pose a diagnostic challenge. The military physician may be tasked with recognizing acute non-specific symptoms as well as bizarre, occult manifestations of coccidioidomycosis. We present a case of disseminated coccidioidomycosis in an active duty Caucasian male who presented with a right shoulder mass. Our patient is atypical in that he had disseminated disease although immunocompetent and Caucasian. Another unusual feature is that the mass was not preceded or accompanied by any other symptoms. We could find only two other reported cases of coccidioidomycosis presenting as a soft tissue mass, both in African-American patients. The epidemiology and history of coccidioidomycosis will be reviewed, with an emphasis on military populations. The insidious nature of coccidioidomycosis, the importance of early detection and treatment in decreasing morbidity and mortality, and the presence of large numbers of military members in the endemic areas make the lessons of this case particularly relevant for all flight surgeons. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Orthoped Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Musculoskeletal Radiol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Olivere, JW (reprint author), WHMC MTLP, Dept Pathol, Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Brooke Army Med Ctr, 2200 Berquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 35 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 1 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 70 IS 8 BP 790 EP 796 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 221AV UT WOS:000081702800009 PM 10447053 ER PT J AU Withers, BG Loube, DI Husak, JP AF Withers, BG Loube, DI Husak, JP TI Idiopathic hypersomnia in an aircrew member SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE hypersomnia; sleep disorders; aerospace medicine; military medicine; narcolepsy; sleep apnea syndrome; movement disorders; circadian rhythm; upper airway resistance syndrome ID PERFORMANCE; FATIGUE; NARCOLEPSY AB In aviation, it is essential that all aircrew members remain alert and contribute, by their observations and actions, to flight safety. Especially in helicopter operations, crewmembers riding in the rear of the aircraft play an integral role in many aspects of flight, such as take-offs, landings, turns, formation flights, hazard avoidance, situational awareness, military operations, and crew coordination. We present the case of a helicopter crew chief with idiopathic hypersomnia, briefly review the disorder, and give the recent U.S. military aviation experience with sleep disorders. Flight surgeons and aeromedical examiners should be active in considering and diagnosing sleep-related disorders as the aviator or crewmember may not be aware of the disease or may not volunteer the history. A directed history is important in making the diagnosis, as are reports from family and other aircrew members. Referral to a sleep specialist is required in performing objective sleep studies, establishing the diagnosis, recommending treatment, and providing a prognosis. Many sleep disorders are treatable and aeromedically waiverable. C1 DeWitt Army Community Hosp, Aviat Med Serv, Ft Belvoir, VA USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Sleep Disorders Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Withers, BG (reprint author), USA, Off Surg Gen, HDQA DASG HS PM, Suite 684,5109 Leesburg Pike, Falls Church, VA 22041 USA. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 70 IS 8 BP 797 EP 801 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 221AV UT WOS:000081702800010 PM 10447054 ER PT J AU Duffy, PE Fried, M AF Duffy, PE Fried, M TI Malaria during pregnancy: parasites, antibodies and chondroitin sulphate A SO BIOCHEMICAL SOCIETY TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Colloquium on Glycobiology of Pathogen-Host Interactions CY APR 07-09, 1999 CL UNIV GLASGOW, GLASGOW, SCOTLAND SP Biorad, Pharmacia & Upjohn, SmithKline Beecham HO UNIV GLASGOW ID FALCIPARUM-INFECTED ERYTHROCYTES; MICROVASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; HUMAN CEREBRAL MALARIA; PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; HUMAN THROMBOMODULIN; ANTIGENIC VARIATION; HUMAN-PLACENTA; VAR GENES; CYTOADHERENCE C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Immunol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Duffy, PE (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Immunol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI43680] NR 50 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU PORTLAND PRESS PI LONDON PA 59 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON W1N 3AJ, ENGLAND SN 0300-5127 J9 BIOCHEM SOC T JI Biochem. Soc. Trans. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 27 IS 4 BP 478 EP 482 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 230RF UT WOS:000082263600024 PM 10917625 ER PT J AU Hess, JR AF Hess, JR TI Blood substitutes for surgery and trauma - Efficacy and toxicity issues SO BIODRUGS LA English DT Article ID CROSS-LINKED HEMOGLOBIN; HUMAN POLYMERIZED HEMOGLOBIN; ABDOMINAL AORTIC-SURGERY; CELL-FREE HEMOGLOBIN; BOVINE HEMOGLOBIN; NITRIC-OXIDE; PREOPERATIVE HEMODILUTION; OXYGEN-TRANSPORT; RESUSCITATION; HEMODYNAMICS AB Solutions of modified haemoglobin and perfluorocarbon emulsions are currently being tested in advanced human trials. Concerns about renal injury and hypertension with the haemoglobin solutions, and drug retention and pulmonary injury with the perfluorocarbons have been successfully addressed. However, newly recognised inflammatory toxicities of the haemoglobin solutions and the low oxygen-carrying capacity of the perfluorocarbons remain as potential limits on efficacy. As a result, the role of blood substitutes will be less than originally imagined, and none is likely to be licenced for use for several years. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Blood Res Detachment, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Hess, JR (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Blood Res Detachment, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 61 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU ADIS INTERNATIONAL LTD PI AUCKLAND PA 41 CENTORIAN DR, PRIVATE BAG 65901, MAIRANGI BAY, AUCKLAND 10, NEW ZEALAND SN 1173-8804 J9 BIODRUGS JI Biodrugs PD AUG PY 1999 VL 12 IS 2 BP 81 EP 90 DI 10.2165/00063030-199912020-00001 PG 10 WC Oncology; Immunology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Oncology; Immunology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 225DV UT WOS:000081943900001 PM 18031167 ER PT J AU Gelber, RP Christ, MJ Iwamoto, LM Marinkovich, GA Fujiwara, N Nakamura, KT AF Gelber, RP Christ, MJ Iwamoto, LM Marinkovich, GA Fujiwara, N Nakamura, KT TI Cross-desensitization to furosemide and salbutamol in isolated neonatal guinea pig airways SO BIOLOGY OF THE NEONATE LA English DT Article DE airway smooth muscle; chronic lung disease; bronchodilators; rubidium; Na-K-Cl cotransport ID BETA-ADRENOCEPTOR AGONISTS; VASCULAR SMOOTH-MUSCLE; TACHYPHYLAXIS; INVITRO; RESPONSIVENESS; SUBSENSITIVITY; TRACHEA; INFANTS; NEWBORN AB Airway hyperresponsiveness in neonatal chronic lung disease is treated with both furosemide, a diurectic that inhibits the Na-K-2Cl cotrasporter, and salbutamol, a beta(2)-adrenoceptor agonist. Tachyphylaxis to both drugs in vitro has been described. This study was conducted to determine if the relaxation response in newborn guinea pig airways to furosemide and salbutamol can be cross-desensitized in vitro. Tracheal ring segments from 4- to 7-day-old guinea pigs were suspended in HEPES buffer for measurement of isometric tension. Segments were pretreated with either furosemide (300 mu M, 1 h) or salbutamol (10 mu M, 30 min). After constriction with 3 mu M acetylcholine, relaxation response to salbutamol or furosemide, respectively, was measured. Pretreatment with furosemide diminished relaxation response to salbutamol [87 +/- 3%(n = 11) vs. 117 +/- 8% (n = 10), p < 0.05], as compared to saline-treated controls. In addition, pretreatment with salbutamol diminished relaxation response to furosemide [53 +/- 2% (n = 11) vs. saline-treated (83 +/- 7%, n = 7, p < 0.05) and DMSO-treated controls (69 +/- 5%, n = 5, p < 0.05)]. Measurements of Rb-86 uptake, cyclic AMP levels and responses in the presence of charybdotoxin make it unlikely that Na-K-2Cl cotransporter activity, stimulation of cAMP, or opening of maxi-K+ channels are mechanisms involved in the cross-desensitization to furosemide and salbutamol in vitro. C1 Kapiolani Med Ctr Women & Children, Dept Pediat, Honolulu, HI 96826 USA. Univ Hawaii, John A Burns Sch Med, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Nakamura, KT (reprint author), Kapiolani Med Ctr Women & Children, Dept Pediat, 1319 Punahou St, Honolulu, HI 96826 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [P20 RR/AI 11091]; NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-45220] NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0006-3126 J9 BIOL NEONATE JI Biol. Neonate PD AUG PY 1999 VL 76 IS 2 BP 98 EP 105 DI 10.1159/000014147 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 216GZ UT WOS:000081434500005 PM 10393994 ER PT J AU Gowda, DC Ockenhouse, CF AF Gowda, DC Ockenhouse, CF TI Adherence of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes to chondroitin 4-sulfate SO BIOSCIENCE REPORTS LA English DT Review DE Plasmodium falciparum; chondroitin 4-sulfate; cytoadherence; malaria pathology ID INTERCELLULAR-ADHESION MOLECULE-1; HERPES-SIMPLEX VIRUS; MICROVASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; SURFACE HEPARAN-SULFATE; FIBROBLAST GROWTH-FACTOR; HUMAN CEREBRAL MALARIA; RED-BLOOD-CELLS; HELICOBACTER-PYLORI; ANTIGENIC VARIATION; CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN AB Adherence of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes (PRBCs) to the microvascular endothelium of specific organs and consequent sequestration is believed to be responsible for the development of malaria pathology. A number of studies have shown that cell adhesion molecules expressed on the surface of endothelial cells mediate the adherence. Recent studies indicate that a subpopulation of PRBCs adhere to chondroitin 4-sulfate (C4S). This adhesion can be effectively inhibited by C4S oligosaccharides. In pregnant women, the placenta specifically selects C4S-adherent PRBCs, and thus these phenotypes multiply and sequester in the intervillous spaces. Over successive pregnancies, women develop a protective humoral response to the C4S-adhesion phenotype. Disruption of C4S-mediated PRBCs adhesion using either a C4S oligosaccharide mimetic or an antiC4S-adhesion Vaccine can be an efficient strategy for the treatment of malaria caused by C4S-adherent P. falciparum. C1 Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Immunol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Gowda, DC (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, 3900 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington, DC 20007 USA. NR 104 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0144-8463 J9 BIOSCIENCE REP JI Biosci. Rep. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 19 IS 4 BP 261 EP 271 DI 10.1023/A:1020542206916 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 259AM UT WOS:000083871900003 PM 10589991 ER PT J AU McLellan, TM Cheung, SS Latzka, WA Sawka, MN Pandolf, KB Millard, CE Withey, WR AF McLellan, TM Cheung, SS Latzka, WA Sawka, MN Pandolf, KB Millard, CE Withey, WR TI Effects of dehydration, hypohydration, and hyperhydration on tolerance during uncompensable heat stress SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE PHYSIOLOGIE APPLIQUEE LA English DT Article DE thermoregulation; protective clothing; heat tolerance; rectal temperature ID WORK PERFORMANCE; METABOLIC-RATE; EXERCISE; ACCLIMATION; STRAIN; HYDRATION; RESPONSES; HOT AB The present study examined the effects of dehydration from prior exercise on subsequent exercise tolerance time (IT) that involved wearing nuclear biological, and chemical (NBC) protective clothing. It was hypothesised that IT would be reduced in the dehydrated state. Ten men undertook continuous treadmill walking at 4.8 km . h(-1) at 35 degrees C and 50% relative humidity, wearing NBC clothing while euhydrated (EU) or dehydrated (D) by 2.3% of body weight. Hydration status had no impact on thermoregulatory or cardiovascular responses during exercise. Also rectal temperature at exhaustion did not differ between EU (38.52 +/- 0.39 degrees C) and D (38.43 +/- 0.45 degrees C). Exercise TT during this uncompensable heat stress was reduced signtficantly for D (47.7 +/- 15.3 min) compared with EU (59.0 +/- 13.6 min). It was concluded that prior exercise leading to levels of dehydration to 2.3% of body weight, together with subsequent fluid restriction during exposure to uncompensable heat stress, impaired IT while wearing the NBC protective clothing. The integration of these findings together with other comparable studies that have examined the influence of hypo- and hyperhydration on TT while wearing NBC protective clothing revealed that hydration status has less effect on TT as the severity of uncompensable heat stress increases. C1 Def & Civil Inst Environm Med, Toronto, ON M3M 3B9, Canada. USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Def Res Agcy, Ctr Human Sci, Farnborough GU14 6TD, Hants, England. RP McLellan, TM (reprint author), Def & Civil Inst Environm Med, POB 2000, Toronto, ON M3M 3B9, Canada. NR 21 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 5 U2 6 PU HUMAN KINETICS PUBL INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1607 N MARKET ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820-2200 USA SN 1066-7814 J9 CAN J APPL PHYSIOL JI Can. J. Appl. Physiol.-Rev. Can. Physiol. Appl. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 24 IS 4 BP 349 EP 361 PG 13 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA 216UP UT WOS:000081463100004 PM 10470451 ER PT J AU Mather, B AF Mather, B TI How to make concrete that will not suffer deleterious alkali-silica reaction SO CEMENT AND CONCRETE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Advances in Cement and Concrete, at the Engineering-Foundation Conference CY JUL 05-10, 1998 CL BANFF, CANADA SP Engn Fdn, Blue Circle Cement Ltd, Boral Mat Technol Inc, Elkem Mat Inc, Holnam Inc, Lafarge Canada Inc, Master Builders Technol Ltd, Portland Cement Assoc, W R Grace & Co DE aggregate; alkali-aggregate reaction; expansion; petrography; pozzolan AB Excessive expansion of concrete due to alkali-silica reaction will not occur if any one of the following circumstances exists: (1) the aggregate is insufficiently reactive; (2) the pH of the pore fluid is not too high; (3) the amount of reaction product formed is not sufficiently large or not sufficiently expansive so that its expansion can cause damage; or (4) there is not enough available water to cause the reaction to progress so as to develop the expansive product and to be available for imbibition by the product so as to cause it to swell and disrupt the concrete. Put the other way around, excessive expansion can occur only if there is enough potentially expansive alkali-silica reaction product and water so that, as the product takes up the water and swells, the concrete expands excessively. Hence, what is needed to avoid excessive expansion is to be able to predict the probable reactivity of the available aggregates: the probable mechanisms by which the pH of the pore fluid might get well above 13, and, when justified, select and implement appropriate precautions against the undesirable consequences of these eventualities. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Struct Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Mather, B (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Struct Lab, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 16 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-8846 J9 CEMENT CONCRETE RES JI Cem. Concr. Res. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 29 IS 8 BP 1277 EP 1280 DI 10.1016/S0008-8846(98)00240-3 PG 4 WC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science GA 238XD UT WOS:000082739300017 ER PT J AU Stachel, SJ Stockwell, SA Van Vranken, DL AF Stachel, SJ Stockwell, SA Van Vranken, DL TI The fluorescence of scorpions and cataractogenesis SO CHEMISTRY & BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE beta-carboline; cataract; fluorescence; scorpion; tryptophan ID HUMAN LENS; BETA-CARBOLINES; CUTICLE; ACID; IDENTIFICATION; PROTEINS AB Background: Protein cross-linking and fluorescence are widely recognized markers of oxidative aging in human proteins. Oxidative protein aging is a combinatorial process in which diversity arises from the heterogeneity of the targets and is amplified by the nonselective nature of the reactants. The crosslinks themselves defy analysis because they are generally embedded in a covalent matrix. Arthropods rely upon oxidative cross-linking in the hardening of the cuticle - a process known as sclerotization, Among arthropods, scorpions are noteworthy in that the process of sclerotization is accompanied by the buildup of strong visible fluorescence. To date, the nature of the fluorescent species has remained a mystery. Results: We have identified one of the soluble fluorescent components of the scorpions Centuroides vittatus and Pandinus imperator as beta-carboline -a tryptophan derivative that has previously been identified by hydrolysis and oxidation of lens protein. We have also shown that beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid is released from both scorpion exuvia (the shed cuticle) and human cataracts upon hydrolysis, suggesting that the protein-bound beta-carboline and free beta-carboline have common chemical origins. Conclusions: Cataractogenesis and cuticular sclerotization are disparate oxidative processes - the former is collateral and the latter is constitutive. The common formation of beta-carbolines shows that similar patterns of reactivity are operative. These fundamental mechanisms provide predictive insight into the consequences of human protein aging. C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. USA, Med Dept Ctr & Sch, Med Zool Branch, San Antonio, TX 78234 USA. RP Van Vranken, DL (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM054523, R01 GM054523-05] NR 36 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 3 U2 18 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1074-5521 J9 CHEM BIOL JI Chem. Biol. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 6 IS 8 BP 531 EP 539 DI 10.1016/S1074-5521(99)80085-4 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 261GK UT WOS:000084001200007 PM 10421760 ER PT J AU Soto, J Berman, J AF Soto, J Berman, J TI Topical paromomycin/methylbenzethonium chloride plus parenteral meglumine antimonate as treatment of American cutaneous leishmaniasis: Controlled study - Reply SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID PAROMOMYCIN METHYLBENZETHONIUM CHLORIDE C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Univ Militar Nueva Ghranada, Bogota, Colombia. RP Berman, J (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 29 IS 2 BP 466 EP 467 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 227YE UT WOS:000082106900061 ER PT J AU Rice, BM Pai, SV Hare, J AF Rice, BM Pai, SV Hare, J TI Predicting heats of formation of energetic materials using quantum mechanical calculations SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article ID SURFACE ELECTROSTATIC POTENTIALS; MOLECULAR-MODELS; PHASE HEATS; ENERGIES; ENTHALPIES; EQUIVALENTS; GAUSSIAN-2; GAS AB Quantum mechanical calculations are used to predict gas, liquid, and solid heats of formation of energetic molecules. A simple atom-equivalent method converts quantum mechanical energies of molecules and their atomic constituents to gas-phase heats of formation of energetic materials. Functional relationships between heats of vaporization and sublimation and properties associated with quantum mechanically determined electrostatic potentials of isolated molecules are established. These are used with the gas-phase heats of formation to predict condensed-phase heats of formation. The calculated gas-phase heats of formation have a root mean square (rms) deviation of 3.1 kcal/mol and a maximum deviation of 7.3 kcal/mol from 35 experimental values. The rms and maximum deviations of predicted heats of vaporization from 27 experimental values are 1.7 and 6.1 kcal/mol, respectively. The rms and maximum deviations of predicted heats of sublimation from 36 experimental values are 3.6 and 12.4 kcal/mol, respectively. The rms and maximum deviations of predictions of liquid heats of formation from 41 measured values (corresponding to 24 molecules) are 3.3 and 9.3 kcal/mol, respectively. Similarly, the rms and maximum deviations of predictions of solid heats of formation from 75 measured values (corresponding to 44 molecules) are 9.0 and 35.4 kcal/mol, respectively. (C) 1999 by The Combustion Institute. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL WM BD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP USA, Res Lab, AMSRL WM BD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM betsyr@arl.mil NR 34 TC 243 Z9 266 U1 2 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 EI 1556-2921 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD AUG PY 1999 VL 118 IS 3 BP 445 EP 458 DI 10.1016/S0010-2180(99)00008-5 PG 14 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 206AV UT WOS:000080854600010 ER PT J AU Michael, NL AF Michael, NL TI Host genetic influences on HIV-1 pathogenesis SO CURRENT OPINION IN IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; 7-TRANSMEMBRANE DOMAIN RECEPTOR; CC-CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR-5; HEPATITIS-B VIRUS; DISEASE PROGRESSION; VERTICAL TRANSMISSION; T-LYMPHOCYTES; FUNCTIONAL-CHARACTERIZATION; HIV-1-INFECTED INDIVIDUALS; UNINFECTED INDIVIDUALS AB Cellular entry of HIV-1 is mediated by interaction with CD4 and chemokine receptors that serve as entry coreceptors. The immune response against HIV-1 is regulated by genes of the HLA locus. Genetic polymorphisms in these genes have recently been associated with effects on HIV-1 pathogenesis. The history and implications of these discoveries are described in this review. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Mol Diagnost & Pathogenesis, Div Retrovirol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Michael, NL (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Mol Diagnost & Pathogenesis, Div Retrovirol, 1600 E Gude Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. NR 130 TC 77 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 1 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0952-7915 J9 CURR OPIN IMMUNOL JI Curr. Opin. Immunol. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 11 IS 4 BP 466 EP 474 DI 10.1016/S0952-7915(99)80078-8 PG 9 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 223EU UT WOS:000081828600018 PM 10448150 ER PT J AU Green, A Moore, D Farrar, D AF Green, A Moore, D Farrar, D TI Chronic toxicity of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene to a marine polychaete and an estuarine amphipod SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Mechanisms and Effects of Resistant Sorption Processes of Organic Compounds in Natural Particles, at the 214th National Meeting of the ACS CY 1997 CL LAS VEGAS, NEVADA SP Amer Chem Soc, Environm Chem Div DE Neanthes arenaceodentata; Leptocheirus plumulosus; sediment; tissue residues; chronic sublethal effects ID NEANTHES ARENACEODENTATA ANNELIDA; FRESH-WATER AMPHIPODS; LEPTOCHEIRUS-PLUMULOSUS; SEDIMENT BIOASSAYS; WORM; TOXICOKINETICS; ACCUMULATION; FLUORANTHENE; PHENANTHRENE; HORMESIS AB The chronic toxicity of sediment-associated 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) to the marine polychaete Neanthes arenaceodentata and the estuarine amphipod Leptocheirus plumulosus was evaluated. Test organisms were exposed to sediments spiked with radiolabeled TNT for 28 d, after which time the endpoints of mortality, growth, and reproduction (L. plumulosus only) were assayed and compared against the TNT tissue concentrations as well as the TNT sediment concentrations. Survival was significantly reduced at a tissue concentration of 61 mu g TNT/g wet wt tissue in N. arenaceodentata and at 6.3 mu g TNT/g wet wt tissue in L. plumulosus. The growth end point demonstrated an apparent hormesis effect in both N. arenaceodentata and L. plumulosus with enhancement (significant for N. arenaceodentata) occurring at the lower TNT concentrations. Growth was significantly reduced at the highest TNT exposure of 10.0 mu g TNT/g wet wt tissue in L. plumulosus. Reproduction was significantly reduced at a tissue concentration of 6.3 mu g TNT/g wet wt tissue in L. plumulosus. The results of this study demonstrate that both N. arenaceodentata and L. plumulosus are sensitive to the presence of sediment-associated TNT and that more information is needed about the toxicity of TNT to benthic fauna to facilitate risk assessment and management of TNT-contaminated sites. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, USAE Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, ASCI Corp, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Farrar, D (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, USAE Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 51 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 5 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 18 IS 8 BP 1783 EP 1790 DI 10.1897/1551-5028(1999)018<1783:CTOTTA>2.3.CO;2 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 221DZ UT WOS:000081709900026 ER PT J AU Chang, SKW Gonzalez, RR AF Chang, SKW Gonzalez, RR TI Benefit of heat acclimation is limited by the evaporative potential when wearing chemical protective clothing SO ERGONOMICS LA English DT Article DE evaporative potential; heat acclimation; protective clothing; clothing insulation; moisture permeability ID EXERCISE; TOLERANCE; METABOLISM; STRESS AB Heat acclimation-induced sweating responses have the potential of reducing heat strain for chemical protective garment wearers. However, this potential benefit is strongly affected by the properties of the garment. If the clothing ensemble permits sufficient evaporative heat dissipation, then heat acclimation becomes helpful in reducing heat strain. an the other hand, if the garment creates an impenetrable barrier to moisture, no benefit can be gained from heat acclimation as the additional sweating cannot be evaporated. Ten subjects were studied exercising on a treadmill while wearing two different chemical protective ensembles. Skin heat Aux. skin temperature, core temperature, metabolic heat production and heart rate were measured. It was found that the benefit of heat acclimation is strongly dependent on the ability of the body to dissipate an adequate amount of heat evaporatively. The evaporative potential (EP), a measure of thermal insulation modified by moisture permeability, of the clothing ensemble offers a quantitative index useful to determine, a priori, whether heat acclimation would be helpful when wearing protective clothing system. The data show that when EP is < 15%, heat acclimation affords no benefit. An evaporative potential graph is created to aid in this determination. C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Biophys & Biomed Modeling Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Gonzalez, RR (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Biophys & Biomed Modeling Div, Kansas St,Bldg 42,Suite 119, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON EC4A 3DE, ENGLAND SN 0014-0139 J9 ERGONOMICS JI Ergonomics PD AUG PY 1999 VL 42 IS 8 BP 1038 EP 1050 DI 10.1080/001401399185126 PG 13 WC Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Engineering; Psychology GA 229WW UT WOS:000082219600002 PM 10504888 ER PT J AU Kamimori, GH Joubert, A Otterstetter, R Santaromana, M Eddington, ND AF Kamimori, GH Joubert, A Otterstetter, R Santaromana, M Eddington, ND TI The effect of the menstrual cycle on the pharmacokinetics of caffeine in normal, healthy eumenorrheic females SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE caffeine; menstrual cycle; pharmacokinetics ID DISPOSITION; GENDER; METABOLISM; SEX; ELIMINATION AB Objective: Hormonal fluctuations of estrogen and progesterone in eumenorrheic women may be capable of altering the pharmacokinetics of certain agents. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of the luteal, ovulatory and follicular phases of the menstrual cycle on the pharmacokinetics of caffeine, a low clearance, flow-independent drug. Methods: Subjects were ten healthy, non-smoking, eumenorrheic females who were not pregnant and had not used oral contraceptives for a minimum of 3 months prior to the study. Blood samples were collected during one menstrual cycle for the determination of estradiol and progesterone concentrations during the follicular (days 2-6 post-onset of menses), ovulatory (days 13-16 post-onset of menses) and luteal (days 22-26 post-onset of menses) phases. Caffeine was administered over a single menstrual cycle during the follicular, ovulatory and luteal phases. Each subject was administered a single oral dose of caffeine (300 mg) in 100 ml of lemonade during each phase of the menstrual cycle. A venous catheter was used to collect blood samples at pre-dose and at the following time points: 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 24 h. Plasma caffeine concentrations were determined using a validated ultraviolet high-performance liquid chromatography method. Results: There were no significant (P < 0.05) differences in the pharmacokinetic parameters of caffeine across the menstrual cycle phases. The average area under the l(-1).h and the absorption rate constant (k(a)) was 2.88 h(-1) during the ovulatory phase, 83.0 mg l(-1) h and 2.06 h(-1), respectively, during the luteal phase and 84.7 mg l(-1).h and 1.84 h(-1), respectively, during the follicular phase. Conclusions: These findings suggest that the menstrual cycle does not significantly alter the pharmacokinetics of caffeine. C1 Univ Maryland, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Pharmacokinet Biopharmaceut Lab, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Neurobiol & Behav, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Eddington, ND (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Pharmacokinet Biopharmaceut Lab, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. NR 29 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0031-6970 J9 EUR J CLIN PHARMACOL JI Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 55 IS 6 BP 445 EP 449 DI 10.1007/s002280050654 PG 5 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 231FP UT WOS:000082297700005 PM 10492057 ER PT J AU Ramsey, RW AF Ramsey, RW TI We answer only to God: Politics and the military in Panama, 1903-1947 SO HISPANIC AMERICAN HISTORICAL REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, Sch Amer, Ft Benning, GA 31905 USA. RP Ramsey, RW (reprint author), USA, Sch Amer, Ft Benning, GA 31905 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DUKE UNIV PRESS PI DURHAM PA 905 W MAIN ST, STE 18-B, DURHAM, NC 27701 USA SN 0018-2168 J9 HISPANIC AM HIST REV JI Hisp. Am. Hist. Rev. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 79 IS 3 BP 568 EP 569 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 233QC UT WOS:000082436700027 ER PT J AU Tischler, MB Colbourne, JD Morel, MR Biezad, DJ Cheung, KK Levine, WS Moldoveanu, V AF Tischler, MB Colbourne, JD Morel, MR Biezad, DJ Cheung, KK Levine, WS Moldoveanu, V TI A multidisciplinary flight control development environment and its application to a helicopter SO IEEE CONTROL SYSTEMS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID SYSTEM-IDENTIFICATION; ROTORCRAFT; BANDWIDTH C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Aviat Res Dev & Engn Ctr, USA,Aeroflightdynam Directorate, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Aeronaut Engn, San Luis Obispo, CA USA. Raytheon ITSS, Moffett Field, CA USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Elect Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Tischler, MB (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Aviat Res Dev & Engn Ctr, USA,Aeroflightdynam Directorate, MS 210-5, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 21 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0272-1708 J9 IEEE CONTR SYST MAG JI IEEE Control Syst. Mag. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 19 IS 4 BP 22 EP 33 DI 10.1109/37.777786 PG 12 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA 219VP UT WOS:000081628200002 ER PT J AU Marvel, LM Boncelet, CG Retter, CT AF Marvel, LM Boncelet, CG Retter, CT TI Spread spectrum image steganography SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE information hiding; steganography AB In this paper, we present a new method of digital steganography, entitled spread spectrum image steganography (SSIS), Steganography, which means "covered writing" in Greek, is the science of communicating in a hidden manner. Following a discussion of steganographic communication theory and review of existing techniques, the new method, SSIS, is introduced. This system hides and recovers a message of substantial length within digital imagery while maintaining the original image size and dynamic range. The hidden message can be recovered using appropriate keys without any knowledge of the original image. Image restoration, error-control coding, and techniques similar to spread spectrum are described, and the performance of the system is illustrated. A message embedded by this method can be in the form of text, imagery, or any other digital signal. Applications for such a data-hiding scheme include in-band captioning, covert communication, image tamperproofing, authentication, embedded control, and revision tracking. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Elect Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Marvel, LM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 24 TC 233 Z9 255 U1 0 U2 14 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1057-7149 J9 IEEE T IMAGE PROCESS JI IEEE Trans. Image Process. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 8 IS 8 BP 1075 EP 1083 DI 10.1109/83.777088 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 220WT UT WOS:000081691800007 PM 18267522 ER PT J AU Harvey, JF Trew, RJ AF Harvey, JF Trew, RJ TI Mini-special issue on low-power/low-noise technologies for mobile wireless communications - Introduction SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USA, Res Off, Div Elect, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. US Dept Def, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Harvey, JF (reprint author), USA, Res Off, Div Elect, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9480 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 47 IS 8 BP 1401 EP 1402 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 225BF UT WOS:000081935500001 ER PT J AU Blum, RS Kozick, RJ Sadler, BM AF Blum, RS Kozick, RJ Sadler, BM TI An adaptive spatial diversity receiver for non-Gaussian interference and noise SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE detection; EM algorithm; estimation; fading channels; impulsive noise; non-Gaussian noise; spatial diversity; wireless communication ID NONPARAMETRIC DENSITY-ESTIMATION; CLASS-A INTERFERENCE; IMPULSIVE NOISE; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; EM ALGORITHM; STABLE PROCESS; OPTIMUM; PERFORMANCE; CHANNELS; SIGNALS AB Standard linear diversity combining techniques are not effective in combating fading in the presence of non-Gaussian noise. An adaptive spatial diversity receiver is developed for wireless communication channels with slow, flat fading and additive non-Gaussian noise. The noise is modeled as a mixture of Gaussian distributions, and the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm is used to derive estimates for the model parameters. The transmitted signals are detected using a likelihood ratio test based on the parameter estimates. The new adaptive receiver converges rapidly, its bit error rate performance is very close to optimum when relatively short training sequences are used, and it appears to be relatively insensitive to mismatch between the noise model and the actual noise distribution. Simulation results are included that illustrate various aspects of the adaptive receiver performance. C1 Lehigh Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. Bucknell Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Lewisburg, PA 17837 USA. USA, Res Lab, Informat Sci & Technol Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Blum, RS (reprint author), Lehigh Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. NR 50 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1053-587X J9 IEEE T SIGNAL PROCES JI IEEE Trans. Signal Process. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 47 IS 8 BP 2100 EP 2111 DI 10.1109/78.774745 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 216ZN UT WOS:000081474500002 ER PT J AU Alving, CR Wassef, NM AF Alving, CR Wassef, NM TI Naturally occurring antibodies to cholesterol: a new theory of LDL cholesterol metabolism SO IMMUNOLOGY TODAY LA English DT Article ID TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS; DRUG-THERAPY; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; AUTOANTIBODIES; HYPERLIPIDEMIA; IMMUNOGLOBULIN; IMMUNIZATION; MANAGEMENT; PROSPECTS; LIPOSOMES AB Although low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors regulate the disposition of two-thirds of circulating serum LDL cholesterol, non-LDL receptor mechanisms account for removal of one-third. Here, Carl Alving and Nabila Wassef propose that naturally occurring antibodies to cholesterol in normal human plasma also contribute to LDL cholesterol turnover by opsonizing LDL and other lipoproteins containing 'bad' cholesterol for removal by complement receptors. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Membrane Biochem, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Alving, CR (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Membrane Biochem, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 29 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0167-5699 J9 IMMUNOL TODAY JI Immunol. Today PD AUG PY 1999 VL 20 IS 8 BP 362 EP 366 DI 10.1016/S0167-5699(99)01496-6 PG 5 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 223TJ UT WOS:000081856700006 PM 10431156 ER PT J AU McQuiston, JR Vemulapalli, R Inzana, TJ Schurig, GG Sriranganathan, N Fritzinger, D Hadfield, TL Warren, RA Snellings, N Hoover, D Halling, SM Boyle, SM AF McQuiston, JR Vemulapalli, R Inzana, TJ Schurig, GG Sriranganathan, N Fritzinger, D Hadfield, TL Warren, RA Snellings, N Hoover, D Halling, SM Boyle, SM TI Genetic characterization of a Tn5-disrupted glycosyltransferase gene homolog in Brucella abortus and its effect on lipopolysaccharide composition and virulence SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID INTRACELLULAR SURVIVAL; IMMUNOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION; LYSOSOME FUSION; ROUGH STRAIN; SIDE-CHAIN; SMOOTH; POLYSACCHARIDE; MICE; IDENTIFICATION; PURIFICATION AB We constructed a rough mutant of Brucella abortus 2308 by transposon (Tn5) mutagenesis. Neither whole cells nor extracted lipopolysaccharide (LPS) ham this mutant, designated RA1, reacted with a Brucella O-side-chain-specific monoclonal antibody (MAb), Bru-38, indicating the absence of O-side-chain synthesis. Compositional analyses of LPS from strain RA1 showed reduced levels of quinovosamine and mannose relative to the levels in the parental, wild-type strain, 2308. We isolated DNA flanking the Tn5 insertion in strain RA1 by cloning a 25-kb XbaI genomic fragment into pGEM-3Z to create plasmid pJM6. Allelic exchange of genomic DNA in B. abortus 2308 mediated by electroporation of pJM6 produced kanamycin-resistant: clones that were not reactive with MAb Bru-38. Southern blot analysis of genomic DNA from these rough clones revealed Tn5 in a 25-kb XbaI genomic fragment. A homology search with the deduced amino acid sequence of the open reading frame disrupted by Tn5 revealed limited homology with various glycosyltransferases. This B. abortus gene has been named wboA. Transformation of strain RA1 with a broad-host-range plasmid bearing the wild-type B. abortus wboA gene resulted in the restoration of O-side-chain synthesis and the smooth phenotype. B. abortus RA1 was attenuated for survival in mice. However, strain RA1 persisted in mice spleens for a longer time than the B. abortus vaccine strain RB51, but as expected, neither strain induced antibodies specific for the O side chain. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Ctr Mol Med & Infect Dis, Dept Biomed Sci & Pathobiol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. SRA Technol, Rockville, MD 20805 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Infect & Parasit Dis, Washington, DC 20306 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Bacterial Dis, Washington, DC 20307 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Boyle, SM (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Ctr Mol Med & Infect Dis, Dept Biomed Sci & Pathobiol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. NR 49 TC 58 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 67 IS 8 BP 3830 EP 3835 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 219ZA UT WOS:000081637400019 PM 10417145 ER PT J AU Khalil, SB Cassels, FJ Shaheen, HI Pannell, LK El-Ghorab, N Kamal, K Mansour, M Savarino, SJ Peruski, LF AF Khalil, SB Cassels, FJ Shaheen, HI Pannell, LK El-Ghorab, N Kamal, K Mansour, M Savarino, SJ Peruski, LF TI Characterization of an enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strain from Africa expressing a putative colonization factor SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID GM1-ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; FACTOR ANTIGENS; IDENTIFICATION; DIARRHEA; PROTEINS; SEQUENCE; CHILDREN; VACCINES; TOXIN AB An enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strain of serotype O114:H- that expressed both heat-labile and heat-stable enterotoxins and tested negative for colonization factors (CF) was isolated from a child with diarrhea in Egypt. This strain, WS0115A, induced hemagglutination of bovine erythrocytes and adhered to the enterocyte-like cell line Caco-2, suggesting that it may elaborate novel fimbriae. Surface-expressed antigen purified by differential ammonium sulfate precipitation and column chromatography yielded a single protein band with M-r 14,800 when resolved by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (16% polyacrylamide). A monoclonal antibody against this putative fimbrial antigen was generated and reacted with strain WS0115A and also with CS1-, CS17-, and CS19-positive strains in a dot blot assay. Reactivity was temperature dependent, with cells displaying reactivity when grown at 37 degrees C but not when grown at 22 degrees C. Immunoblot analysis of a fimbrial preparation from strain WS0115A showed that the monoclonal antibody reacted with a single protein band. Electron microscopy and immunoelectron microscopy revealed fimbria-like structures on the surface of strain WS0115A. These structures were rigid and measured 6.8 to 7.4 nm in diameter. Electrospray mass-spectrometric analysis showed that the mass of the purified fimbria was 14,965 Da. The N-terminal sequence of the fimbria established that it was a member of the CFA/I family, with sequence identity to the amino terminus of CS19, a new CF recently identified in India. Cumulatively, our results suggest that this fimbria is CS19. Screening of a collection of ETEC strains isolated from children with diarrhea in Egypt found that 4.2% of strains originally reported as CF negative were positive for this CF, suggesting that it is biologically relevant in the pathogenesis of ETEC. C1 USN, Med Res Unit 3, Res Sci Dept, Cairo, Egypt. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Communicable Dis & Immunol, Dept Enter Infect, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NIDDKD, Struct Mass Spectrometry Grp, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Peruski, LF (reprint author), USN, Med Res Unit 3, PSC 452,Box 5000, FPO, AE 09835 USA. RI Savarino, Stephen/A-8030-2011 FU NICHD NIH HHS [Y1-HD-0026-01] NR 46 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 67 IS 8 BP 4019 EP 4026 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 219ZA UT WOS:000081637400043 PM 10417169 ER PT J AU Ezzell, JW Welkos, SL AF Ezzell, JW Welkos, SL TI The capsule of Bacillus anthracis, a review SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Anthrax CY SEP 07-10, 1998 CL UNIV PLYMOUTH, PLYMOUTH, ENGLAND SP Soc Appl Microbiol, DERA, Chem & Biol Defence Sector, Ctr Appl Microbiol & Res, Federat European Microbiol Soc, Soc Gen Microbiol, US DOE, US Army Med Res & Mat Command HO UNIV PLYMOUTH C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Diagnost Syst Div, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Bacteriol Div, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Ezzell, JW (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Diagnost Syst Div, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 0 TC 71 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 87 IS 2 BP 250 EP 250 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2672.1999.00881.x PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 237MJ UT WOS:000082659900016 ER PT J AU Friedlander, AM AF Friedlander, AM TI Clinical aspects, diagnosis and treatment of anthrax SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Anthrax CY SEP 07-10, 1998 CL UNIV PLYMOUTH, PLYMOUTH, ENGLAND SP Soc Appl Microbiol, DERA, Chem & Biol Defence Sector, Ctr Appl Microbiol & Res, Federat European Microbiol Soc, Soc Gen Microbiol, US DOE, US Army Med Res & Mat Command HO UNIV PLYMOUTH C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Friedlander, AM (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 1 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 87 IS 2 BP 303 EP 303 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2672.1999.00896.x PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 237MJ UT WOS:000082659900031 ER PT J AU Pitt, MLM Little, S Ivins, BE Fellows, P Boles, J Barth, J Hewetson, J Friedlander, AM AF Pitt, MLM Little, S Ivins, BE Fellows, P Boles, J Barth, J Hewetson, J Friedlander, AM TI In vitro correlate of immunity in an animal model of inhalational anthrax SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Anthrax CY SEP 07-10, 1998 CL UNIV PLYMOUTH, PLYMOUTH, ENGLAND SP Soc Appl Microbiol, DERA, Chem & Biol Defence Sector, Ctr Appl Microbiol & Res, Federat European Microbiol Soc, Soc Gen Microbiol, US DOE, US Army Med Res & Mat Command HO UNIV PLYMOUTH C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Pitt, MLM (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, 1425 Porter St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 0 TC 65 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 87 IS 2 BP 304 EP 304 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2672.1999.00897.x PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 237MJ UT WOS:000082659900032 ER PT J AU Brenner, IKM Castellani, JW Gabaree, C Young, AJ Zamecnik, J Shephard, RJ Shek, PN AF Brenner, IKM Castellani, JW Gabaree, C Young, AJ Zamecnik, J Shephard, RJ Shek, PN TI Immune changes in humans during cold exposure: effects of prior heating and exercise SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE passive heating; hypothermia; immune function; leukocytes; natural killer cells; interleukin-6 ID KILLER-CELL-ACTIVITY; BETA-ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS; BODY CORE TEMPERATURE; WATER-STRESS; INTERLEUKIN-6; BLOOD; RESPONSES; MICE; HYPERTHERMIA; ENVIRONMENT AB This study examined the immunological responses to cold exposure together with the effects of pretreatment with either passive heating or exercise (with and without a thermal clamp). On four separate occasions, seven healthy men [mean age 24.0 +/- 1.9 (SE) yr, peak oxygen consumption = 45.7 +/- 2.0 ml . kg(-1) . min(-1)] sat for 2 h in a climatic chamber maintained at 5 degrees C. Before exposure, subjects participated in one of four pretreatment conditions. For the thermoneutral control condition, subjects remained seated for 1 h in a water bath at 35 degrees C. In another pretreatment, subjects were passively heated in a warm (38 degrees C) water bath for 1 h. In two other pretreatments, subjects exercised for 1 h at 55% peak oxygen consumption (once immersed in 18 degrees C water and once in 35 degrees C water). Core temperature rose by 1 degrees C during passive heating and during exercise in 35 degrees C water and remained stable during exercise in 18 degrees C water (thermal clamping). Subsequent cold exposure induced a leukocytosis and granulocytosis, an increase in natural killer cell count and activity, and a rise in circulating levels of interleukin-6. Pretreatment with exercise in 18 degrees C water augmented the leukocyte, Granulocyte, and monocyte response. These results indicate that acute cold exposure has immunostimulating effects and that, with thermal clamping, pretreatment with physical exercise can enhance this response. Increases in levels of circulating norepinephrine may account for the changes observed during cold exposure and their modification by changes in initial status. C1 Def & Civil Inst Environm Med, Biomed Technol Sect, Toronto, ON M3M 3B9, Canada. USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Univ Toronto, Fac Phys Educ & Hlth, Toronto, ON M3M 3B9, Canada. Univ Toronto, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Toronto, ON M3M 3B9, Canada. Univ Toronto, Dept Lab Med & Pathobiol, Toronto, ON M3M 3B9, Canada. RP Shek, PN (reprint author), Def & Civil Inst Environm Med, Biomed Technol Sect, 1133 Sheppard Ave W, Toronto, ON M3M 3B9, Canada. NR 52 TC 67 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 8750-7587 J9 J APPL PHYSIOL JI J. Appl. Physiol. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 87 IS 2 BP 699 EP 710 PG 12 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA 223WQ UT WOS:000081864900030 PM 10444630 ER PT J AU DeShazer, D Brett, PJ Burtnick, MN Woods, DE AF DeShazer, D Brett, PJ Burtnick, MN Woods, DE TI Molecular characterization of genetic loci required for secretion of exoproducts in Burkholderia pseudomallei SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA; CONSTRUCTION; MUTAGENESIS; VECTOR C1 Univ Calgary, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Microbiol & Infect Dis, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Genet & Physiol Branch, Bacteriol Div, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Woods, DE (reprint author), Univ Calgary, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Microbiol & Infect Dis, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada. NR 14 TC 48 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 181 IS 15 BP 4661 EP 4664 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 221CH UT WOS:000081706100030 PM 10419967 ER PT J AU Vahey, M Nau, ME Barrick, S Cooley, JD Sawyer, R Sleeker, AA Vickerman, P Bloor, S Larder, B Michael, NL Wegner, SA AF Vahey, M Nau, ME Barrick, S Cooley, JD Sawyer, R Sleeker, AA Vickerman, P Bloor, S Larder, B Michael, NL Wegner, SA TI Performance of the Affymetrix GeneChip HIV PRT 440 platform for antiretroviral drug resistance genotyping of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 clades and viral isolates with length polymorphisms SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OLIGONUCLEOTIDE ARRAYS AB The performance of a silica chip-based resequencing method, the Affymetrix HN PRT 440 assay (hereafter referred to as the Affymetrix assay), was evaluated on a panel of well-characterized nonclade B viral isolates and on isolates exhibiting length polymorphisms, Sequencing of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) pol cDNAs from clades A, C, D, E, and F resulted in clade-specific regions of base-calling ambiguities in regions not known to be associated with resistance polymorphisms, as well as a small number of spurious resistance polymorphisms. The Affymetrix assay failed to detect the presence of additional serine codons distal to reverse transcriptase (RT) codon 68 that are associated with multinucleoside RT inhibitor resistance. The increasing prevalence of non-clade B HIV-1 strains in the United States and Europe and the identification of clinically relevant pol gene length polymorphisms will impact the generalizability of the Affymetrix assay, emphasizing the need to accommodate this expanding pool of pol genotypes in future assay versions. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Retrovirol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn Advancement Mil Med, Rockville, MD USA. Virco UK, Cambridge, England. RP Vahey, M (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Retrovirol, 1600 E Gude Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. NR 13 TC 63 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 37 IS 8 BP 2533 EP 2537 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 216VR UT WOS:000081465600024 PM 10405396 ER PT J AU Michael, NL Herman, SA Kwok, S Dreyer, K Wang, J Christopherson, C Spadoro, JP Young, KKY Polonis, V McCutchan, FE Carr, J Mascola, JR Jagodzinsi, LL Robb, ML AF Michael, NL Herman, SA Kwok, S Dreyer, K Wang, J Christopherson, C Spadoro, JP Young, KKY Polonis, V McCutchan, FE Carr, J Mascola, JR Jagodzinsi, LL Robb, ML TI Development of calibrated viral load standards for group M subtypes of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and performance of an improved AMPLICOR HIV-1 MONITOR test with isolates of diverse subtypes SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; FULL-LENGTH SEQUENCE; GENETIC SUBTYPES; ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEIN; PLASMA; RNA; QUANTITATION; DISTINCT; ASSAY; NEUTRALIZATION AB Accurate determination of plasma human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA levels is critical for the effective management of HIV-1 disease. The AMPLICOR HIV-1 MONITOR Test, a reverse transcription-PCR-based test for quantification of HIV-1 RNA in plasma, was developed when little sequence information on HIV-1 isolates from outside North America was available. It has since become apparent that many non-subtype B isolates, particularly subtypes A and E, are detected inefficiently by the test. We describe here the AMPLICOR HIV-1 MONITOR Test, version 1.5, an upgraded test developed to minimize subtype-related variation. We also developed a panel of HIV-1 standards containing 30 HIV-1 isolates of subtypes A through G. The virus particle concentration of each cultured viral stock was standardized by electron microscopic virus particle counting. We used this panel to determine the performance of the original AMPLICOR HIV-1 MONITOR Test and version 1.5 of the test with HIV-1 subtypes A through G, The original test underestimated the concentration of HIV-1 subtype A E, F, and G RNA by 10-fold or more, whereas version of the 1.5 test yielded equivalent quantification of HIV-1 RNA regardless of the subtype. In light of the increasing intermixing of HIV-1 subtypes worldwide, standardization of PCR-based tests against well-characterized viral isolates representing the full range of HIV-1 diversity will be essential for the continued utility of these important clinical management tools, C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Retrovirol, Dept Mol Diagnost & Pathogenesis, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Roche Mol Syst, Diagnost Dev, Somerville, NJ 08876 USA. Roche Mol Syst, Discovery Res, Alameda, CA 94501 USA. USN, Med Res Inst, Dept Infect Dis, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Michael, NL (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Retrovirol, Dept Mol Diagnost & Pathogenesis, 1600 E Gude Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. NR 41 TC 103 Z9 105 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 37 IS 8 BP 2557 EP 2563 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 216VR UT WOS:000081465600029 PM 10405401 ER PT J AU Jatoi, I Hilsenbeck, SG Clark, GM Osborne, CK AF Jatoi, I Hilsenbeck, SG Clark, GM Osborne, CK TI Significance of axillary lymph node metastasis in primary breast cancer SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESTROGEN-RECEPTORS; PROGNOSTIC FACTORS; SURVIVAL; RECURRENCE; RESIDUALS; RELAPSE; MODELS; STAGE AB Purpose: Axillary lymph node status is the single most important prognostic variable in the management of patients with primary breast cancer. yet, it is not known whether metastasis ta the axillary nodes is simply a time-dependent variable or also a marker for a more aggressive tumor phenotype, The purpose of this study was to determine whether nodal status at initial diagnosis predicts outcome after relapse and therefore also serves as a marker of breast cancer phenotype, Patients and Methods: Survival experience after first relapse in 1,696 primary breast cancer cases was analyzed using Cox proportional hazards regression. The following explanatory variables and their first-order interactions were considered: number of axillary lymph nodes involved (zero v one to three v four or more), hormone receptor status (any estrogen receptor [ER] negativity v ER negativity/progesterone receptor positivity v other ER positivity), primary tumor size (< 2 cm v 2 to 5 cm v > 5 cm), site of relapse (locoregional v distant), disease-free interval (< 1.5 years v 1,5 to 3 years v > 3 years), adjuvant endocrine therapy (none v any), adjuvant chemotherapy (none v any), and menopausal status (pre-, peri-, or postmenopausal). Results: Axillary lymph node status, site of relapse, and hormone receptor status were all highly significant as main effects in the model. After adjustment for other variables, disease-free interval alone was only modestly significant but interacted with nodal status, After disease-free interval, hormone receptor status, and site of relapse were accounted for, survival after relapse was poorer in node-positive cases, when compared with node-negative cases. The hazard ratios for patients with one to three and four or more involved nodes were 1.2 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.8 to 1.9) and 2.5 (95% CI, 1.8 to 3.4), respectively. Conclusion: Patients with four or more involved nodes at initial diagnosis have a significantly worse outcome after relapse than node-negative cases, regardless of the duration of the disease-free interval. We conclude that nodal metastasis is not only a marker of diagnosis at a later point in the natural history of breast cancer but also a marker of an aggressive phenotype. (C) 1999 by American Society of Clinical Oncology. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Med Oncol, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. RP Jatoi, I (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [P01 CA 30195, P30 CA54174, P50 CA58183] NR 32 TC 141 Z9 145 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0732-183X J9 J CLIN ONCOL JI J. Clin. Oncol. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 17 IS 8 BP 2334 EP 2340 PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 223HJ UT WOS:000081835300006 PM 10561295 ER PT J AU Hammond, LA Eckardt, JR Baker, SD Eckhardt, SG Dugan, M Forral, K Reidenberg, P Statkevich, P Weiss, GR Rinaldi, DA Von Hoff, DD Rowinsky, EK AF Hammond, LA Eckardt, JR Baker, SD Eckhardt, SG Dugan, M Forral, K Reidenberg, P Statkevich, P Weiss, GR Rinaldi, DA Von Hoff, DD Rowinsky, EK TI Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of temozolomide on a daily-for-5-days schedule in patients with advanced solid malignancies SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 31st Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Clinical-Oncology CY MAR 20-25, 1995 CL LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Soc Clin Oncol ID ANTITUMOR IMIDAZOTETRAZINES; ADVANCED CANCER; TRIAL; ALKYLTRANSFERASE; CELLS; O-6-BENZYLGUANINE; POTENTIATION; NSC-362856; BRAIN; DRUG AB Purpose: To determine the principal toxicities, characterize the pharmacokinetics (PKs) and pharmacodynamics (PDs) of temozolomide (TMZ) on a daily-for-5-days schedule, and recommend a dose for subsequent disease-directed studies in both minimally pretreated (MP) and heavily pretreated (HP) patients. Patients and Methods: patients received TMZ as a single oral dose daily for 5 consecutive days every 28 days. TMZ doses were escalated from 100 to 150, and 150 to 200 mg/m(2)/d in separate cohorts of MP and HP patients. PK plasma was sampled on days 1 and 5. TMZ concentrations were analyzed and pertinent PK parameters were related to the principal toxicities of TMZ in PD analyses. Results: Twenty-four patients were treated with 85 courses of TMZ. Thrombocytopenia and neutropenia were the principal dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) of TMZ on this schedule. The cumulative rate of severe myelosuppressive effects was unacceptably high at TMZ doses exceeding 150 mg/m2/d in both MP and HP patients. TMZ was absorbed rapidly with maximum concentrations achieved in 0.90 hours, on average, and elimination was rapid, with a half-life and systemic clearance rate (Cl-S/F) averaging 1.8 hours and 115 mL/min/m(2), respectively. When clearance was normalized to body-surface area (BSA), interpatient variability in CIS/F was reduced from 20% to 13% on day 1 and from 16% to 10% on day 5. patients who experienced DLT had significantly higher maximum drug concentration (median 16 v 9.5 mu g/mL, P = .0084) and area under the concentration-time curve (median 36 v 23 mu g-h/ml, P = .0019) values on day 5. Conclusion: Prior myelosuppressive therapy war not a determinant of toxicity. TMZ 150 mg/m2/d administered as a single oral dose daily for 5 days every 4 weeks is well tolerated by MP and HP patients, with higher doses resulting in unacceptably high rates of severe hematologic toxicity. TMZ doses should be individualized according to BSA rather than use of a prespecified oral dose for all individuals. TMZ is an optimal agent to develop in combination with other cytotoxic, biologic, and targeted therapeutics for patients with relevant malignancies. (C) 1999 by American Society of Clinical Oncology. C1 Canc Therapy & Res Ctr, Inst Drug Dev, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Oncol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Schering Plough Res Inst, Kenilworth, NJ USA. RP Hammond, LA (reprint author), Canc Therapy & Res Ctr, Inst Drug Dev, 8122 Datapoint Dr,Suite 650, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [MO1 RR01346] NR 32 TC 86 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 2 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0732-183X J9 J CLIN ONCOL JI J. Clin. Oncol. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 17 IS 8 BP 2604 EP 2613 PG 10 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 223HJ UT WOS:000081835300039 PM 10561328 ER PT J AU Trasti, SL Dubey, JP Webb, DM Blanchard, TW Britt, J Fritz, D Lewis, RM AF Trasti, SL Dubey, JP Webb, DM Blanchard, TW Britt, J Fritz, D Lewis, RM TI Fatal visceral and neural sarcocystosis in dogs SO JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EQUINE PROTOZOAL MYELOENCEPHALITIS; HEPATIC SARCOCYSTOSIS; NEOSPORA-CANINUM; ETIOLOGIC AGENT; APICOMPLEXA; NEURONA AB This paper describes acute Visceral and neural sarcocystosis in four dogs. One animal was simultaneously infected with distemper virus, and another with Blastomyces dermatitidis. Schizonts and merozoites of Sarcocystis canis were found in the lesions. C1 USDA ARS, BARC E, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Cornell Univ, New York State Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Illinois Dept Agr, Anim Dis Lab, Galesburg, IL 61402 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Vet Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. Arkansas Livestock & Poultry Commiss Lab, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Pathol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, BARC E, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, Bldg 1040, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0021-9975 J9 J COMP PATHOL JI J. Comp. Pathol. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 121 IS 2 BP 179 EP 184 DI 10.1053/jcpa.1999.0307 PG 6 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA 219GK UT WOS:000081599400008 PM 10405310 ER PT J AU Menyuk, CR AF Menyuk, CR TI Application of multiple-length-scale methods to the study of optical fiber transmission SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE optical fibers; multiple length scales; nonlinearity; birefringence; communications ID RANDOMLY VARYING BIREFRINGENCE; PULSE-PROPAGATION; DISPERSION MANAGEMENT; LUMPED AMPLIFIERS; SYSTEMS; DECORRELATION AB It is natural to apply multiple-length-scale methods to the study of optical-fiber transmission because the key length scales span 13 orders of magnitude and cluster in three main groups. At the lowest scale, corresponding to micrometers, the full set of Maxwell's equations should be used. At the intermediate scale, corresponding to the range from one centimeter to tens of meters, the coupled nonlinear Schrodinger equation should be used. Finally, at the longest length scale, corresponding to the range from tens to thousands of kilometers, the Manakov-PMD equation should be used, and, when polarization mode dispersion can be neglected and the fiber gain and loss can be averaged out, one arrives at the scalar nonlinear Schrodinger equation. As an illustrative example of multiple-scale-length techniques, the nonlinear Schrodinger equation will be derived, carefully taking into account the actual length scales that are important in optical-fiber transmission. C1 Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Comp Sci & Elect Engn, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. USARL, Lab Telecommun Sci, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Menyuk, CR (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Comp Sci & Elect Engn, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. NR 31 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0833 J9 J ENG MATH JI J. Eng. Math. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 36 IS 1-2 BP 113 EP 136 DI 10.1023/A:1017255407404 PG 24 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 209GU UT WOS:000081040500008 ER PT J AU Wong, HK Kammer, GM Dennis, G Tsokos, GC AF Wong, HK Kammer, GM Dennis, G Tsokos, GC TI Abnormal NF-kappa B activity in T lymphocytes from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus is associated with decreased p65-RelA protein expression SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POTENT TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATOR; CD28 RESPONSE ELEMENT; COSTIMULATORY SIGNALS; INTERLEUKIN-2 GENE; IL-2 PROMOTER; CD40 LIGAND; GM-CSF; CELLS; MICE; ALPHA AB Numerous cellular and biochemical abnormalities in immune regulation have been described in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), including surface Ag receptor-initiated signaling events and lymphokine production. Because NF-kappa B contributes to the transcription of numerous inflammatory genes and has been shown to be a molecular target of antiinflammatory drugs, me sought to characterize the functional role of the NF-kappa B protein complex in lupus T cells. Freshly isolated T cells from lupus patients, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, and normal individuals were activated physiologically via the TCR with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 Abs to assess proximal membrane signaling, and with PMA and a calcium ionophore (A23187) to bypass membrane-mediated signaling events. We measured the NF-kappa B binding activity in nuclear extracts by gel shift analysis. When compared with normal cells, the activation of NF-kappa B activity in SLE patients was significantly decreased in SLE, but not in RA, patients. NF-kappa B binding activity was absent in several SLE patients who were not receiving any medication, including corticosteroids. Also, NF-kappa B activity remained absent in follow-up studies. In supershift experiments using specific Abs, we showed that, in the group of SLE patients who displayed undetectable NF-kappa B activity, p65 complexes were not formed, Finally, immunoblot analysis of nuclear extracts showed decreased or absent p65 protein levels. As p65 complexes are transcriptionally active in comparison to the p50 homodimer, this novel finding may pro,ide insight on the origin of abnormal cytokine or other gene transcription in SLE patients. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Cellular Injury, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. RP Tsokos, GC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Cellular Injury, Bldg 40-3-78, Washington, DC 20307 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [R0 AI42269] NR 46 TC 107 Z9 113 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD AUG 1 PY 1999 VL 163 IS 3 BP 1682 EP 1689 PG 8 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 219ZX UT WOS:000081640000075 PM 10415075 ER PT J AU Teska, JD Coster, T Byrne, WR Colbert, JR Taylor, D Venkatesan, M Hale, TL AF Teska, JD Coster, T Byrne, WR Colbert, JR Taylor, D Venkatesan, M Hale, TL TI Novel self-sampling culture method to monitor excretion of live, oral Shigella flexneri 2a vaccine SC602 during a community-based phase 1 trial SO JOURNAL OF LABORATORY AND CLINICAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID RESISTANT AB A culture technique for assessing the excretion of live enteric vaccines was developed and verified during an outpatient safety trial of the Shigella flexneri 2a SC602 vaccine. Preliminary studies showed that SC602 could be recovered on Hektoen enteric (HE) agar plates that had been inoculated with seeded stools in one quadrant, held for up to 48 hours, streaked for isolation, and incubated for 24 +/- 6 hours. Recovery results on HE plates held at 4 degrees C and 25 degrees C were comparable; however, 4 degrees C better inhibited overgrowth before streaking. To prepare for a community-based vaccine trial, volunteers were trained to self-sample fresh stool and to swab-inoculate a single quadrant of HE agar, The trial began with 36 volunteers ingesting 2.5 x 10(4) CFU Of SC602 in bicarbonate buffer. During the study, volunteers inoculated HE plates with fresh stool, stored the plates at 4 degrees C, and delivered them to the laboratory within 48 hours. A microbiologist then streaked the HE for isolation, incubated the plates at 35 degrees C +/- 2 degrees C for 24 +/- 6 hours, and identified presumptive S. flexneri colonies by slide agglutination with poly-group B antiserum. The attenuating genetic signature of SC602 was confirmed on selected isolates with the polymerase chain reaction with two specific DNA primer sets. Vaccine was detected from 20% of volunteers on day 1, increasing to 86% by day 4, and all but one vaccinee had excreted SC602 at least once by day 7. The latest initial SC602 detection occurred on day 7, the longest excretion occurred in one vaccinee on day 33, and excretion throughout the trial was intermittent. The trial was terminated by ciprofloxacin treatment on day 35, Volunteer compliance with self-sampling and HE plating was excellent because of the convenience of the method, and the advantage of immediate "bedside" plating was evident in the high recovery rate of excreted vaccine. This method can be applied in other trials of live enteric vaccines that require accurate sampling of excreted organisms. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, UID, MRMC, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Geocenters Inc, Ft Detrick, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Teska, JD (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, UID, MRMC, 1425 Porter St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0022-2143 J9 J LAB CLIN MED JI J. Lab. Clin. Med. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 134 IS 2 BP 141 EP 146 DI 10.1016/S0022-2143(99)90118-X PG 6 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Medical Laboratory Technology; General & Internal Medicine; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 223VT UT WOS:000081862800007 PM 10444027 ER PT J AU Talyansky, V Choopun, S Downes, MJ Sharma, RP Venkatesan, T Li, YX Salamanca-Riba, LG Wood, MC Lareau, RT Jones, KA AF Talyansky, V Choopun, S Downes, MJ Sharma, RP Venkatesan, T Li, YX Salamanca-Riba, LG Wood, MC Lareau, RT Jones, KA TI Pulsed laser deposition of titanium nitride films on sapphire SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARIES; MGO AB We successfully deposited high-quality TiN films on c-plane sapphire by using the pulsed laser deposition technique. TiN grew on sapphire with two in-plane epitaxial relationships: (111)(TiN)//(0001)(sapphire) and [101](TiN)//[1100](sapphire) or (111)(TiN)// (0001)(sapphire) and [101](TiN)//[1100](sapphire). The TiN unit cell showed a +/-30 degrees in-plane rotation for sapphire. The misfit between the TiN film and the sapphire substrate was calculated by using the near coincidence site lattice approach. The deposited films were analyzed by x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, Rutherford backscattering or channeling spectrometry, electrical, and spectrophotometric measurements. The dependence of the film's crystalline duality on the deposition temperature has been investigated. The full width half-maximum of the rocking curve of the TiN 111 peak was 0.2-0.3 degrees. The minimum ion channeling was 5%, and the room temperature resistivity was as low as 13 mu Omega cm. C1 Univ Maryland, Ctr Superconduct Res, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat & Nucl Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Elect Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, PS,DB, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Talyansky, V (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Ctr Superconduct Res, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Salamanca-Riba, Lourdes/B-3785-2009; Venkatesan, Thirumalai/E-1667-2013; OI Salamanca-Riba, Lourdes/0000-0001-8155-6403; Choopun, Supab/0000-0001-8518-9014 NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 14 IS 8 BP 3298 EP 3302 DI 10.1557/JMR.1999.0446 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 235PG UT WOS:000082550800021 ER PT J AU Schoneboom, BA Fultz, MJ Miller, TH McKinney, LC Grieder, FB AF Schoneboom, BA Fultz, MJ Miller, TH McKinney, LC Grieder, FB TI Astrocytes as targets for Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus infection SO JOURNAL OF NEUROVIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE alphavirus; encephalitis; glia; cytokines ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; NEWCASTLE-DISEASE VIRUS; FACTOR-ALPHA; NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR; STIMULATED ASTROCYTES; INSITU HYBRIDIZATION; CYTOKINE EXPRESSION AB Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEE) produces an acute infection in humans and induces a well-characterized cytopathic effect in neurons of the central nervous system (CNS). However, little is known about the role of glial cells in response to VEE infection of the CNS. Our results demonstrate that VEE is capable of a productive infection in primary astrocyte cultures and that this infection is cytotoxic. Further, there were significant differences in the growth kinetics comparing virulent and attenuated strains of VEE. Additionally, VEE infection of astrocyte cultures induced gene expression of two neuro-immune modulators, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Assays for TNF-alpha protein and nitric oxide (NO) demonstrated high levels of TNF-alpha protein and low levels of NO in response to VEE infection of astrocytes. These observations suggest an important role of astrocytes in this virus-induced encephalitis, and that interactions between astrocytes, other glial cells, and neurons may be important in VEE pathogenesis. Such interactions, which could impact neuronal survival, may include loss of functional changes in astrocytes or, alternatively, their production of neurotoxic molecules. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Program Neurosci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Immunol & Microbiol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Pathol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Armed Forces Radiobiol Res Inst, Bethesda, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Schoneboom, BA (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Program Neurosci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 69 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1355-0284 J9 J NEUROVIROL JI J. Neurovirol. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 5 IS 4 BP 342 EP 354 DI 10.3109/13550289909029475 PG 13 WC Neurosciences; Virology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Virology GA 224MN UT WOS:000081903000003 PM 10463856 ER PT J AU Simon, EP Dahl, LF AF Simon, EP Dahl, LF TI The sodium pentothal hypnosis interview with follow-up treatment for complex regional pain syndrome SO JOURNAL OF PAIN AND SYMPTOM MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE sodium pentothal; hypnosis; complex regional pain syndrome; reflex sympathatic dystrophy; causalgia AB A patient who was unresponsive to multiple conservative medical treatments for complex regional pain syndrome was assessed using a novel approach-the sodium pentothal hypnosis interview. The interview suggested that his pain was centrally generated. The patient's pain symptoms resolved with hypnotherapeutic treatment. Indications for this procedure and implications for assessment and treatment are discussed. This case raises more questions than it answers, and leaves the reader to struggle with current difficulties in diagnostic decision-making. (C) U.S. Cancer Pain Relief Committee, 1999. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Psychol, Behav Med & Hlth Psychol Serv, Multidisciplinary Pain Clin, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Anesthesiol Serv, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Simon, EP (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Psychol, Behav Med & Hlth Psychol Serv, Multidisciplinary Pain Clin, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. EM EricSimon@Rocketmail.com NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0885-3924 J9 J PAIN SYMPTOM MANAG JI J. Pain Symptom Manage. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 18 IS 2 BP 132 EP 136 DI 10.1016/S0885-3924(99)00047-0 PG 5 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medicine, General & Internal; Clinical Neurology SC Health Care Sciences & Services; General & Internal Medicine; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 230GE UT WOS:000082242800008 PM 10484861 ER PT J AU Resio, DT Swail, VR Jensen, RE Cardone, VJ AF Resio, DT Swail, VR Jensen, RE Cardone, VJ TI Wind speed scaling in fully developed seas SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID WAVE GENERATION; MODEL; SPECTRA AB Recent tests of all generations of numerical wave models indicate that extreme wave heights are significantly underpredicted by these models. This behavior is consistent with the finding by Ewing and Laing that fully developed wave spectra do not have the universal self-similar form postulated by Pierson and Moskowitz. This paper postulates that it is inappropriate to scale fully developed seas by winds taken from a fixed level above the mean sea surface. Instead, winds should be taken from a dynamically scaled height that is linearly related to the wavelength of the spectral peak. This alternative scaling is consistent with friction-velocity scaling and yields predicted wave heights and periods that are in better agreement with the data collected by Ewing and Laing and appear to explain some of the discrepencies in results from previous studies with numerical wave models in large storms. C1 Environm Canada, Downsview, ON, Canada. Oceanweather Inc, Cos Cob, CT USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Coastal Hydraul Lab, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Resio, DT (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Coastal Hydraul Lab, Waterways Expt Stn, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 29 IS 8 BP 1801 EP 1811 DI 10.1175/1520-0485(1999)029<1801:WSSIFD>2.0.CO;2 PN 1 PG 11 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 236PG UT WOS:000082607300011 ER PT J AU Famini, GR Wilson, LY AF Famini, GR Wilson, LY TI Using theoretical descriptors in linear free energy relationships: characterizing several polarity, acid and basicity scales SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE linear free energy relationships; theoretical descriptors; solvent scales ID SOLVATION; PARAMETERS; SOLUBILITY; PARTITION; SOLVENTS; TOXICITY; INDEXES; ALPHA; BETA; QSPR AB The widespread application of computational techniques to studies in biological, chemical and environmental sciences has led to a quest for important, characteristic molecular parameters that may be directly derived from these computational methods. Theoretical linear solvation energy relationships (TLSER) combine computational molecular orbital parameters with the linear solvation energy relationship (LSER) of Kamlet and Taft to characterize, understand and predict properties which depend upon solute-solvent interactions. The TLSER methodology was used to correlate and to attempt to understand and probe eight solvent scales commonly used in linear free energy relationships and physical organic chemistry. Correlations are presented which demonstrate the ability of the TLSER not only to predict values for these solvent scales, but which also serve as a probe to attempt to understand the underlying physical meaning of these solvent scales. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the United States. C1 USA, Int Programs off, Soldier & Biol Chem Command, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. La Sierra Univ, Dept Chem, Riverside, CA 92515 USA. RP Famini, GR (reprint author), USA, Int Programs off, Soldier & Biol Chem Command, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 62 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0894-3230 J9 J PHYS ORG CHEM JI J. Phys. Org. Chem. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 12 IS 8 BP 645 EP 653 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Organic; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 236MP UT WOS:000082603600008 ER PT J AU Watson, SJ AF Watson, SJ TI The United States and Mexico at war: Nineteenth-century expansionism and conflict SO JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Watson, SJ (reprint author), US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHERN HISTORICAL ASSOC PI ATHENS PA UNIV GEORGIA, HISTORY DEPT, ATHENS, GA 30602 USA SN 0022-4642 J9 J SOUTHERN HIST JI J. South. Hist. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 65 IS 3 BP 631 EP 632 DI 10.2307/2588157 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 224BT UT WOS:000081876800028 ER PT J AU Wilson, DK Tate, CR Swanson, DC Reichard, KM AF Wilson, DK Tate, CR Swanson, DC Reichard, KM TI Acoustic scintillations and angle-of-arrival fluctuations observed outdoors with a large planar vertical microphone array SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article AB A vertical planar array of 32 microphones (eight elements in the vertical direction and four in the horizontal; overall dimensions approximately 6 m by 3 m) was used to image the scintillations and angle-of-arrival fluctuations from a source 770 m distant. Data sets of 20-min duration were collected in a variety atmospheric conditions. On a windy afternoon, the source image underwent dramatic scintillations and fluctuations in its apparent position. For still nighttime conditions, the image was much more stable, although deep fading still occurred. (C)1999 Acoustical Society of America. C1 USA, Res Lab, Informat Sci & Technol Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Penn State Univ, Appl Res Lab, State Coll, PA 16804 USA. RP Wilson, DK (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Informat Sci & Technol Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Wilson, D. Keith/A-4687-2012 OI Wilson, D. Keith/0000-0002-8020-6871 NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 106 IS 2 BP L24 EP L29 DI 10.1121/1.427080 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 225YN UT WOS:000081993700076 ER PT J AU Leech, JR Abt, SR Thornton, CI Combs, PG AF Leech, JR Abt, SR Thornton, CI Combs, PG TI Developing confidence in concrete revetment products for bank stabilization SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE hydraulics; erosion protection; revetment assessment; test protocol; bank protection; concrete block systems ID DESIGN AB There is a need to provide flood protection while maintaining stable bed and bank conditions in the riverine system, to stabilize earth embankment dams and spillways, and to stabilize highway or railway embankments and levee systems. One approach to providing erosion protection and stabilization of channel banks, embankments and spill conveyances is with articulated concrete block systems. Numerous articulated concrete block systems are available for bank stabilization. However, prior to field installations few means are available to evaluate how well these block systems perform. To assist the designer in predicting site specific suitability, a series of hydraulic testing protocols have been developed to analyze block system performance. Two articulated block system testing protocols are presented to indicate how block hydraulic characteristics may be determined and provide performance assurance to both the designer and the owner. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Colorado State Univ, Engn Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Leech, JR (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI HERNDON PA 950 HERNDON PARKWAY SUITE 300, HERNDON, VA 20170-5531 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 35 IS 4 BP 877 EP 885 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.1999.tb04181.x PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 228GR UT WOS:000082129200014 ER PT J AU Koratich, M Gaffin, SL AF Koratich, M Gaffin, SL TI Mechanisms of calcium transport in human endothelial cells subjected to hyperthermia SO JOURNAL OF THERMAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hyperthermia; heatstroke; heat illnesses; pathophysiology ID INTRACELLULAR FREE CALCIUM; HEAT-SHOCK; ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; CA2+; PROTEINS; INDUCTION; HOMEOSTASIS; INDICATORS; INCREASE; RELEASE AB We have probed the mechanisms by which severe heat alters cytosolic calcium ion concentrations (Cai) in individual cultured human endothelial cells (ATCC #1998). Cells adhering to glass coverslips were heated to as high as 50 degrees C and Cai determined by means of a fluorescence laser imaging system using the calcium-sensitive dye, indo-1, in the presence of thapsigargin, and in Na-free and Ca-free media. Baseline Cai varied between 175-225 nM. When cells were heated to 50 degrees C in a complete Ca-containing medium, there was first a transient fall in Cai, then a rapid rise of 50-100 nM in Cai, followed by a slower, secondary rise of 50-75 nM. Depleting the intracellular calcium stores with thapsigargin blocked both the transient fall and the secondary rise in Cai. Placement of the cells into a Ca-free medium blocked both the transient fall and the initial rapid rise, while use of a Na-free buffer prevented the initial rapid rise only. These data suggest that in human endothelial cells, extreme heat accelerates the CaATPase pumps of the intracellular Ca stores causing the transient fall in Cai which is soon followed by activation of the reverse mode of the Na:Ca exchanger to cause the initial rapid rise in Cai. The Ca-release channels of the intracellular stores become activated by heat to cause the secondary, slow rise in Cai. This preliminary work indicates that the application of heat to cultured cells can be a useful probe to examine the kinetics and unmask mechanisms of intracellular Ca fluctuations. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Mil Nutr & Biochem Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. So Res Inst, Birmingham, AL 35255 USA. RP Gaffin, SL (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Mil Nutr & Biochem Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 28 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0306-4565 J9 J THERM BIOL JI J. Therm. Biol. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 24 IS 4 BP 245 EP 249 DI 10.1016/S0306-4565(99)00019-4 PG 5 WC Biology; Zoology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Zoology GA 218LL UT WOS:000081554000006 ER PT J AU Gaffin, SL AF Gaffin, SL TI Simplified calcium transport and storage pathways SO JOURNAL OF THERMAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE exchanger; cotransporter; Ca-ATPase; channels; calcium; stores; IP3; hyperthermia; exercise; stress ID VASCULAR SMOOTH-MUSCLE; DISTINCT CA2+ STORES; RYANODINE RECEPTOR; ION CHANNELS; INOSITOL 1,4,5-TRISPHOSPHATE; SARCOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; SYMPATHETIC NEURONS; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; RELEASE; MECHANISMS AB The control of calcium concentration in the cytoplasm of most cells involves both the influx and efflux of Ca++ from extracellular fluid and the release and uptake of Ca++ from two separate, but interacting intracellular membrane-bound Ca++ stores: (1) the ryanodine receptor-activated calcium store (RyR) and (2) the inositol trisphosphate (IP3) receptor calcium store (Golovina and Blaustein, 1997, Spatially and functionally distinct Ca2+ stores in sarcoplasmic and endoplasmic reticulum. Science 275, 1643-1648). A more complete understanding of calcium pathways may lead to the development of new strategies to reduce the pathophysiology induced by severe hyperthermia, exercise, hypoxia, and other stresses. This review discusses the fundamental mechanisms involved in the control of Ca-j, the main regulator of biochemical processes, and ultimately, of physiological responses to moderate and severe physical exercise and stress. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Gaffin, SL (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 43 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0306-4565 J9 J THERM BIOL JI J. Therm. Biol. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 24 IS 4 BP 251 EP 264 DI 10.1016/S0306-4565(99)00020-0 PG 14 WC Biology; Zoology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Zoology GA 218LL UT WOS:000081554000007 ER PT J AU Holcomb, JB Pusateri, AE Harris, RA Reid, TJ Beall, LD Hess, JR MacPhee, MJ AF Holcomb, JB Pusateri, AE Harris, RA Reid, TJ Beall, LD Hess, JR MacPhee, MJ TI Dry fibrin sealant dressings reduce blood loss, resuscitation volume, and improve survival in hypothermic coagulopathic swine with grade V liver injuries SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th Annual Meeting of the Eastern-Association-for-the-Surgery-of-Trauma CY JAN 10-18, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP E Assoc Surg Trauma DE hemorrhage; hypothermia; coagulopathy; trauma; liver; hemostasis; fibrin sealant; dressing; gauze packing; animals; swine ID HYDROXYETHYL STARCH; HEMOSTATIC AGENT; HEPATIC INJURIES; DAMAGE CONTROL; TRAUMA; COAGULATION; HEMORRHAGE; PACKING; MANAGEMENT; EFFICACY AB Objective: The majority of early trauma deaths are caused by uncontrolled hemorrhage, and are frequently complicated by hypothermic and dilutional coagulopathies. Any hemorrhage-control technique that achieves rapid hemostasis despite a coagulopathy should improve the outcome of these patients. We conducted this study to determine whether dry fibrin sealant dressings (DFSD) would stop bleeding from grade V liver injuries in swine that were hypothermic and coagulopathic. Methods: Nineteen swine weighing 39.7 kg (mean and 95% confidence interval, 36.3-43.1), underwent a 60% isovolemic, hypothermic exchange transfusion with 33 degrees C 6% hetastarch to produce a dilutional and hypothermic coagulopathy. The animals then received a grade V liver injury and one of three treatments: DFSD, conventional liver packing with gauze sponges, or immunoglobulin G (IgG) placebo sealant dressing (blinded control). All animals were resuscitated with lactated Ringer's solution to their preinjury mean arterial pressure. Blood loss after treatment, mean arterial pressure, resuscitation volume, hematologic variables, and core temperature were monitored for 1 hour. Results: At the time of injury, core temperature = 33.3 degrees C (95% confidence interval, 33.2-33.4), hemoglobin concentration = 4.4 g/dL (4.2-4.6), platelet count = 132 x 10(5)/mu L, (93-171), prothrombin time = 21.6 seconds (19.6-23.5), activated partial thromboplastin time = 25.2 seconds (range, 22.9-27.5 seconds), and fibrinogen = 83 mg/dL (range, 76-89 mg/dL) across treatments. The posttreatment blood loss in the DFSD group was 669 mt, (range, 353-1,268 mt), which was lower (p < 0.01) than the means of 3,321 mt (range, 1,891-5,831 mt) and 4,399 mt (range, 2,321-8,332 mt) observed in the packing and IgG groups, respectively. The resuscitation volume in DFSD was 2,145 mt (range 1,310-3,514 mt), which was lower (p < 0.05) than the means of 5,222 mt (range 3,381-8,067 mt) and 5,542 mt (range 3,384-9,077 mt) in the packing and IgG groups, respectively. One-hour survival in the DFSD group was 83%, whereas survival in the packing and IgG groups mere 0% (p < 0.05). Conclusion: In swine with a grade V liver injury complicated by a dilutional and hypothermic coagulopathy, DFSD provided simple, rapid hemorrhage control, decreased fluid requirements, and improved survival. C1 USA, Inst Surg Res, Mil Trauma Res Branch, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. USA, Inst Surg Res, Biochem Branch, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Lab Anim Med Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Amer Red Cross, Plasma Derivat Lab, Rockville, MD USA. RP Holcomb, JB (reprint author), Joint Trauma Training Ctr, 1504 Taub Loop, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 50 TC 81 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1079-6061 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD AUG PY 1999 VL 47 IS 2 BP 233 EP 240 DI 10.1097/00005373-199908000-00002 PG 8 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 226LK UT WOS:000082021300002 PM 10452456 ER PT J AU Chu, CS Matylevich, NP McManus, AT Pruitt, BA Goodwin, CW AF Chu, CS Matylevich, NP McManus, AT Pruitt, BA Goodwin, CW TI Direct current reduces accumulation of evans blue albumin in full-thickness burns SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article DE full-thickness burns; evans blue; albumin; silver-nylon; direct current ID INJURY; PERMEABILITY; EDEMA; RATS; DYE AB Background: Application of direct current (DC) to a burn wound limits extension of the zone-of-stasis and reduces wound tissue edema. Objective: To study the effects of DC on extravasation of plasma proteins after burn by using Evans blue (EB) as a marker of plasma albumin. Materials and Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats with 20% total body surface area full-thickness scalds (100 degrees C/10 see) were used as the experimental model. Burn wounds were treated with plain nylon, silver-nylon, silver-nylon and 40 mu A DC, or no dressing. EB (30 mg/kg) was injected immediately or at variably delayed postburn (PB) times and accompanied by DC application at various time intervals PE, Tissue content of Evans blue was assessed at different times after injection of the dye or infliction of burn injury, Results: Evans blue albumin (EBA) concentration in untreated burn wounds (307.7 mu g/g tissue) was nine times greater than in unburned skin (36.5 mu g/g tissue) at 48 hours PB, When animals received a DC and EB injection immediately PB, DC treatment reduced EBA concentration by 60% at any time point PB, When EB was injected immediately PB, or at variably delayed times PB, accompanied by DC immediately PB, or at variably delayed times PB, DC reduced EBA accumulation at all examined times PB by more the 50% (p < 0.001), Conclusion: EBA and edema fluid accumulation in burn wound change in concert after injury and show similar response to DC treatment. C1 USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Chu, CS (reprint author), USA, Inst Surg Res, 3400 Rawley E Chambers Ave, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1079-6061 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD AUG PY 1999 VL 47 IS 2 BP 294 EP 299 DI 10.1097/00005373-199908000-00012 PG 6 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 226LK UT WOS:000082021300014 PM 10452464 ER PT J AU Moul, JW Connelly, RR Mooneyhan, RM Zhang, W Sesterhenn, IA Mostofi, FK McLeod, DG AF Moul, JW Connelly, RR Mooneyhan, RM Zhang, W Sesterhenn, IA Mostofi, FK McLeod, DG TI Racial differences in tumor volume and prostate specific antigen among radical prostatectomy patients SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE prostatic neoplasms; prostatectomy; prostate-specific antigen; blacks; whites ID AFRICAN-AMERICAN MEN; PROGNOSTIC FACTOR; CANCER; RACE; SURVIVAL; DENSITY; AGE AB Purpose: Black men with and without prostate cancer in general have higher prostate specific antigen (PSA) before screening and treatment than other racial groups. A preliminary study suggested that higher PSA levels may be primarily due to greater tumor burden, We compared PSA and 3-dimensional (D) tumor volume in a consecutive cohort of black and white radical prostatectomy patients in an equal access military health care setting to determine racial differences in these parameters. Materials and Methods: Prospective data collection, 2.25 mm, step section whole mount specimen processing and 3-D tumor volume assessment were performed in 226 patients with clinical stage T1-T3 prostate cancer undergoing radical prostatectomy at our center between April 1993 and March 1997. Of the patients 25 were excluded from further analysis because of neoadjuvant hormone treatment, T3 disease or Asian race. A total of 155 white and 46 black patients were compared. Results: There was no significant racial difference in the distribution of patients by age, clinical stage, pathological stage, Gleason sum or benign prostate gland volume, A significant racial difference was noted for pretreatment PSA and 3-D tumor volume. PSA values were higher in black men than in white men, and the racial difference remained statistically significant in multivariate analysis adjusting for 3-D tumor volume, benign gland volume, age, stage and Gleason sum. Conclusions: Racial difference in PSA persists, despite rigorous covariate adjustment, and further study is needed to explain this PSA difference. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Ctr Prostate Dis Res, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Urol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Genitourinary Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. RP Moul, JW (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Ctr Prostate Dis Res, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 26 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 162 IS 2 BP 394 EP 397 DI 10.1016/S0022-5347(05)68568-0 PG 4 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 214UA UT WOS:000081344900027 PM 10411045 ER PT J AU Burgess, EB AF Burgess, EB TI Hollywood the hard way: A cowboy's journey. SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, Combined Arms Res Lib, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. RP Burgess, EB (reprint author), USA, Combined Arms Res Lib, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 124 IS 13 BP 111 EP 112 PG 2 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 225NZ UT WOS:000081968800209 ER PT J AU Ravichandran, D Blomquist, S Morton, DC AF Ravichandran, D Blomquist, S Morton, DC TI Rapid thermal annealing effects on atomic layer epitaxially grown Zns : Mn thin films SO MATERIALS RESEARCH INNOVATIONS LA English DT Article DE ZnS : Mn; ITO; photoluminescence (PL); cathodoluminescence (CL); rapid thermal annealing (RTA); low voltage; phosphors; thin-films; atomic layer epitaxy (ALE); electroluminescence (EL) AB ZnS:Mn thin films were coated on transparent conducting layer indium tin oxide (ITO) 2x2 in, glass substrates by an atomic layer epitaxy process. Grazing-angle X-ray diffraction on thin films shows a phase-pure ZnS with a wurtzite structure oriented along the 002 direction. Photoluminescence and CL measurements were carried out on the films. The emission from ZnS:Mn thin films consists of two strong bands at 515 and 452 nm with an excitation band at 329 nm. For improved bright ness, the samples were annealed in a rapid thermal annealing furnace under different gas atmospheres (N-2, O-2 and forming gas) so that the green emission was increased. The green emission is due to donar-acceptor combination. Promising results were obtained when the thin films were annealed in forming gas at 600 degrees C for one minute. Scanning electron microscope micrographs showed that the particles are well crystallized, with a grain size of 0.3-0.5 mu m This paper reports the particle size and morphology on the luminescent characteristics of a Mn2+ center in ZnS thin films. C1 USA, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Ravichandran, D (reprint author), USA, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1432-8917 J9 MATER RES INNOV JI Mater. Res. Innov. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 3 IS 2 BP 75 EP 79 DI 10.1007/s100190050128 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 229MH UT WOS:000082198000002 ER PT J AU Clark, KL Kelley, PW Mahmoud, RA Goldenbaum, MB Meyer, GS Fetters, LJ Howell, MR AF Clark, KL Kelley, PW Mahmoud, RA Goldenbaum, MB Meyer, GS Fetters, LJ Howell, MR TI Cost-effective syphilis screening in military recruit applicants SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PENICILLIN ALLERGY AB A cost-effectiveness analysis of syphilis screening was performed. Strategies included no screening, universal testing at military entrance processing stations, universal testing at basic training centers, and contracting centralized screening. Probabilities derived from data retained on recruit applicants from 1989 through 1991 (N = 1,588,143) and from the published literature were used. Cost estimates were derived from costs incurred by the military and costs projected from implementing new strategies. Sensitivity analyses were performed. Modifying the existing contract for human immunodeficiency virus screening to include syphilis screening would maximize the effectiveness of screening at a cost to the Department of Defense of $9.52 per additional year of service received. The no-screening option was significantly more cost-saving than the current method of testing, Syphilis is rare and treatable, and individuals with syphilis will be identified by other means in many cases, Syphilis screening of recruit applicants at the military entrance processing stations should cease, saving the military $2,541,000 per year. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Prevent Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. US Mil Entrance Proc Command, Off Command Surg, N Chicago, IL USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Div Infect Dis, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Clark, KL (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Prevent Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 164 IS 8 BP 580 EP 584 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 226RM UT WOS:000082035300013 PM 10459269 ER PT J AU Huntsinger, CR Rubenstein, DA AF Huntsinger, CR Rubenstein, DA TI Academic medical centers: A prescription for success in an era of managed care and capitation SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID TEACHING HOSPITALS AB Academic medical centers (AMCs) have traditionally symbolized technological advancements and specialization in patient care. AMCs are defined as institutions that include at a minimum a hospital and associated clinics and a medical education role. Today, these institutions face a transition to managed care and radical changes in the financing of health care. These issues are not unique to the private sector health care industry. Military AMCs also must respond to many of the same changes. Their survival may rest on the ability to recognize that they can no longer ignore trends favoring lower costs, less specialization, and more primary care. This paper describes actions being taken at AMCs throughout the country to pursue innovative ways of providing accessible, high-quality, and affordable health care while maintaining quality training programs. Besides examining changes currently taking place within the academic medical industry, recommendations are offered for new initiatives. C1 Dwight D Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. RP Huntsinger, CR (reprint author), Dwight D Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 164 IS 8 BP 585 EP 589 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 226RM UT WOS:000082035300014 PM 10459270 ER PT J AU Teyhen, DS AF Teyhen, DS TI Physical therapy in a peacekeeping operation: Operation joint endeavor/operation joint guard SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID DESERT-SHIELD; MEDICAL SUPPORT; INFANTRY BRIGADE; STORM; EXPERIENCE; UNIT AB This article describes the deployment and utilization of physical therapy services at a combat support hospital during a recent peacekeeping mission in Bosnia. Approximately 17% of all soldiers reporting to the 21st Combat Support Hospital were evaluated and treated by physical therapy. Physical therapy services provided musculoskeletal evaluations, developed field-expedient rehabilitative programs for the deployed soldiers, and provided injury prevention programs for the peace implementation and sustainment forces. Physical therapy helped to provide a high return to duty status and a low rate of air evacuation for deployed troops. The lessons learned from this deployment can help clarify the role of physical therapy in future support operations and sustainment operations. RP Teyhen, DS (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Phys Med & Rehabil, Outpatient Phys Therapy Sect, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 19 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 164 IS 8 BP 590 EP 594 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 226RM UT WOS:000082035300015 PM 10459271 ER PT J AU Krashin, D Oates, EW AF Krashin, D Oates, EW TI Risperidone as an adjunct therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Risperidone, an atypical antipsychotic medication, has gained wide acceptance as a first-line drug for several indications. Recently, interest has arisen in the use of risperidone as an adjunct therapy in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). PTSD is a possible sequela of exposure to traumatic events. The military population, because of occupational exposure, is at a higher risk than the general population to develop PTSD, and the treatment of PTSD may be a significant issue for military practitioners. PTSD may be complicated by social issues and comorbid psychiatric conditions, and it is often difficult to treat. We present two case reports on the use of risperidone in the treatment of the intrusive thoughts and subsequent emotional reactivity experienced by some PTSD patients, along with a discussion of some possible mechanisms of action for the efficacy of risperidone in the treatment of these symptoms. C1 Community Mental Hlth Serv, Ft Riley, KS 66442 USA. Dept Behav Med, Ft Sill, OK 73503 USA. RP Krashin, D (reprint author), Community Mental Hlth Serv, Ft Riley, KS 66442 USA. NR 8 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 164 IS 8 BP 605 EP 606 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 226RM UT WOS:000082035300020 PM 10459276 ER PT J AU Iqbal, SS Chambers, JP Brubaker, RR Goode, MT Valdes, JJ AF Iqbal, SS Chambers, JP Brubaker, RR Goode, MT Valdes, JJ TI Detection of Yersinia pestis using branched DNA SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR PROBES LA English DT Article DE detection; bDNA; Yersinia pestis; pla; probes ID SIGNAL AMPLIFICATION; QUANTIFICATION; ASSAY; RNA AB In contrast to target amplification methods, e.g. polymerase chain reaction, the branched DNA (bDNA) signal amplification method quantitates target nucleic acid at physiological levels, involving a series of hybridization reactions without thermal cycling. In this report, we describe a modification of the bDNA assay in which a 'concatenated' preamplifier oligonucleotide (206mer) is used in concert with ELISA and light addressable potentiometric sensor (LAPS) formats to detect the plasminogen activator (pla) gene of Yersinia pestis, the etiological agent of plague. Pla is encoded by a 9.6-kb plasmid pPCP which is essential for virulence. The detection limit of the bDNA-ELISA and LAPS assays is less than 10 000 and 1000 molecules of Y. pestis plasmid DNA, respectively. (C) 1999 Academic Press. C1 Univ Texas, Div Life Sci, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. USA, Edgewood Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Chambers, JP (reprint author), Univ Texas, Div Life Sci, 6900 N Loop 1604 W, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0890-8508 J9 MOL CELL PROBE JI Mol. Cell. Probes PD AUG PY 1999 VL 13 IS 4 BP 315 EP 320 DI 10.1006/mcpr.1999.0255 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology GA 226BD UT WOS:000081999700010 PM 10441205 ER PT J AU Adler, M Shafer, H Hamilton, T Petrali, JP AF Adler, M Shafer, H Hamilton, T Petrali, JP TI Cytotoxic actions of the heavy metal chelator TPEN on NG108-15 neuroblastoma-glioma cells SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE TPEN; Zn2+; chelator; apoptosis; necrosis; calcein; propidium; botulinum toxin ID BOTULINUM NEUROTOXIN; TETANUS TOXIN; APOPTOSIS; ZINC AB Effects of the heavy metal chelator N,N,N',N'-tetrakis (2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine (TPEN) were investigated on cytotoxicity in clonal NG108-15 neuroblastoma-glioma hybrid cells. Three min after addition of 100 mu M TPEN, cells began to retract their neurites and lose their characteristic multipolar shape; by 3-4 hr of exposure, most cells detached from the substrate, either singly or as variable-sized aggregates. Viability was assessed by monitoring uptake of calcein AM and propidium iodide, fluorescent dyes that served as markers for live and dead cells, respectively. Incubation of cultures in 100 mu M TPEN led to a gradual decrease in the population exhibiting calcein fluorescence (viable cells) and a corresponding increase in the population displaying propidium iodide fluorescence (nonviable cells). Loss of cell viability reached 12% at 8 hr, 61% at 24 hr and 83% by 48 hr. Ultrastructural examination of TPEN-treated cells revealed condensed chromatin and fragmented nuclei, characteristic of apoptosis, as well as plasma membrane defects and organelle swelling, generally associated with necrosis. Addition of an equimolar concentration of Zn2+ or Cu2+ but not Fe2+ or Mn2+ prevented morphological abnormalities and cell death. (C)1999 Intox Press, Inc. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Neurotoxicol Branch, Div Pharmacol, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Comparat Pathol Branch, Div Comparat Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Adler, M (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Neurotoxicol Branch, Div Pharmacol, 3100 Ricketts Point Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 16 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU INTOX PRESS INC PI LITTLE ROCK PA PO BOX 24865, LITTLE ROCK, AR 72221 USA SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD AUG PY 1999 VL 20 IS 4 BP 571 EP 582 PG 12 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 233PT UT WOS:000082435800004 PM 10499356 ER PT J AU Smith, JA Ballard, JR AF Smith, JA Ballard, JR TI Effect of spatial resolution on thermal and near-infrared sensing of canopies SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE remote sensing; thermal infrared; near infrared; canopy model; brightness temperature; normalized difference vegetation index; directional anisotropy; spatial resolution ID SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; VEGETATION INDEX; AIR-TEMPERATURE; RADIANCE; COVER; MODEL AB Satellite observations of agricultural and other plant canopies in the thermal and near IR regime have generally been at spatial scales of tens to hundreds of meters. Advances in sensor technology will extend our capabilities for IR measurements from space to yield improved spatial resolutions. We explore the variability in brightness temperature and the covariation of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) with brightness temperature as a function of viewing geometry and changing spatial resolution. Using 3-D models for both canopy reflectance and thermal infrared exitance, we employ a theoretical analysis for an agricultural scene. The directional viewing effects and correlation between the NDVI and brightness temperature are found to be scale independent and in agreement with experiment. Directional anisotropy in brightness temperature and NDVI are calculated to be less than 7 to 12% respectively for zenith view angles less than 30 deg, but range up to 22 to 40% for zenith view angles of 60 deg. Analysis of variation in local standard deviations with spatial resolution shows a maximum peak corresponding to crop row spacing with rapid fall-off at larger scales. (C) 1999 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. [S0091-3286(99)00408-0]. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Terr Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USAE, Waterways Expt Stn, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Smith, JA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Terr Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 38 IS 8 BP 1413 EP 1423 DI 10.1117/1.602193 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 224JZ UT WOS:000081895900021 ER PT J AU James, LC Folen, FA AF James, LC Folen, FA TI A paradigm shift in the scope of practice for health psychologists: Training health psychologists to be primary care case managers SO PROFESSIONAL PSYCHOLOGY-RESEARCH AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article AB Innovative programs in the Department of Defense have challenged health psychologists to broaden their scope of practice. To this end, health psychologists at Tripler A-my Medical Center independently admit and discharge patients and serve as primary care managers during hospitalization and follow-up aftercare. A conceptual overview of the Tripler health psychology training philosophy and how the training model has guided Army health psychology in managing, rather than simply consulting, on the care of patients will he offered. Practical considerations and a training curriculum are provided. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Psychol, Ctr Excellence Profess Psychol, Behav Med & Hlth Psychol Serv, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP James, LC (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Army, Headquarters, 1 Jarrett White Rd, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0735-7028 J9 PROF PSYCHOL-RES PR JI Prof. Psychol.-Res. Pract. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 30 IS 4 BP 352 EP 356 DI 10.1037//0735-7028.30.4.352 PG 5 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 219LG UT WOS:000081608300005 ER PT J AU Harris, DT Matyas, GR Gomella, LG Talor, E Winship, MD Spitler, LE Mastrangelo, MJ AF Harris, DT Matyas, GR Gomella, LG Talor, E Winship, MD Spitler, LE Mastrangelo, MJ TI Immunologic approaches to the treatment of prostate cancer SO SEMINARS IN ONCOLOGY LA English DT Review ID CELL-MEDIATED-IMMUNITY; TUMOR-CELLS; ANTIGEN; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; LIPOSOMES; INTERLEUKIN-2; LYMPHOCYTES; MELANOMA; GENE; MICE C1 Thomas Jefferson Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Cel Sci Corp, Vienna, VA USA. Jenner Biotherapies Inc, San Ramon, CA USA. RP Harris, DT (reprint author), 100 Lancaster Ave,Suite 1 MSB, Wynnewood, PA 19096 USA. NR 47 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0093-7754 J9 SEMIN ONCOL JI Semin. Oncol. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 26 IS 4 BP 439 EP 447 PG 9 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 234JJ UT WOS:000082480700011 PM 10482186 ER PT J AU Kwun, C Patel, A Pletcher, S Lyons, B Abdelrahim, M Nicholson, D Morris, E Salata, K Francis, GL AF Kwun, C Patel, A Pletcher, S Lyons, B Abdelrahim, M Nicholson, D Morris, E Salata, K Francis, GL TI Ceramide increases steroid hormone production in MA-10 Leydig cells SO STEROIDS LA English DT Article DE steroid; ceramide; sphingomyelinase; Leydig; testis; apoptosis ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; CULTURED GRANULOSA-CELLS; FACTOR-ALPHA; NEUTRAL SPHINGOMYELINASE; PRETERM LABOR; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; MEDIATED APOPTOSIS; HUMAN FIBROBLASTS; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; AMNIOTIC-FLUID AB Ceramide is known to have major roles in the control of cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Recent studies also have shown that ceramide affects steroid production by JEG-3 choriocarcinoma cells, acutely dispersed rat Leydig cells, and ovarian granulosa cells, but the mechanism by which this occurs is unknown. Because ceramide induces apoptosis in many different cell types, we hypothesized that ceramide might affect steroidogenesis and/or induce apoptosis in MA-10 murine Leydig cells. To test this, MA-10 cells were incubated with either the water soluble C2-ceramide, (N-acetyl-sphingosine, 0.01-10 cm); bacterial sphingomyelinase (1-100 mU/ml); or C2-dihydroceramide (N-acetyl-sphinganine, 0.1-10 mu M). The data show that N-acetyl-sphingosine significantly increased basal (0.87 +/- 0.2 vs. 0.42 +/- 0.09 ng/mg cell protein, P < 0.01) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) stimulated progesterone (P) synthesis (204 +/- 12 vs. 120 +/- 5 ng/mg cell protein, P < 0.001); as did sphingomyelinase (basal P = 0.83 +/- 0.1 ng/mg cell protein, P ( 0.01; hCG stimulated P = 173 +/- 7 ng/mg cell protein, P < 0.001). C2-dihydroceramide also increased basal P synthesis but was less effective than ceramide on a molar basis. Neither sphingomyelinase (100 mU/ml) nor ceramide (10 mu M) had any effect on cAMP production or human chorionic gonadotropin binding; and neither induced any signs of apoptosis (FragEL DNA fragmentation assay and electron microscopy). Cells incubated with anti-Fas (300 ng/ml) demonstrated DNA fragmentation, nuclear condensation, and frequent apoptotic bodies, but had no change in P synthesis. These data show that ceramide significantly increases MA-10 Leydig cell P synthesis but does not induce apoptosis. The mechanism by which ceramide increases steroid hormone synthesis remains unknown but does not appear to be linked to the induction of apoptosis in MA-10 cells. Published by Elsevier Science Inc. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, F Edward Hebert Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, F Edward Hebert Sch Med, Dept Lab & Anim Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Stockton State Coll, Ponoma, NJ USA. RP Francis, GL (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, F Edward Hebert Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 62 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0039-128X J9 STEROIDS JI Steroids PD AUG PY 1999 VL 64 IS 8 BP 499 EP 509 DI 10.1016/S0039-128X(99)00013-6 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 234ER UT WOS:000082472000001 PM 10493594 ER PT J AU Zhanpeisov, NU Adams, JW Larson, SL Weiss, CA Zhanpeisova, BZ Leszczynska, D Leszczynski, J AF Zhanpeisov, NU Adams, JW Larson, SL Weiss, CA Zhanpeisova, BZ Leszczynska, D Leszczynski, J TI Cluster quantum chemical study of triaminotoluene interaction with a model clay surface SO STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE triaminotoluene interactions; model kaolinite-type clay mineral; HF/6-31G calculations ID AB-INITIO; WATER; HYDRATION; ZEOLITES; SILICA; SITES; NH4+ AB This paper presents the results of an ab initio cluster quantum chemical study at the HF/6-31G level for the triaminotoluene (TAT) molecule interaction with a model clay surface, in particular, a kaolinite-type clay mineral. The latter is characterized by a layer structure that contains three different structure units corresponding to alumina, silica, and an intersection of alumina-silica. According to the obtained results, the physical adsorption of TAT took place both on alumina and silica structure units. In going from silica to alumina-silica units, the two-center adsorption of TAT will result in strong adsorption via formation of a TATH(+) species stabilized by two strong H bonds. Different channels of interactions of TAT with kaolinite-type clay surfaces (i.e., one-, two-, and three-center adsorption of TAT, an aromatic six-member ring opening of TAT) and its destruction via breaking the methyl-aromatic or amino-aromatic ring bonds are also discussed. C1 Jackson State Univ, Dept Chem, Jackson, MS 39217 USA. Jackson State Univ, Computat Ctr Mol Struct & Interact, Jackson, MS 39217 USA. Boreskov Inst Catalysis, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Jackson State Univ, Dept Chem, 1400 JR Lynch St, Jackson, MS 39217 USA. EM jerzy@tiger.jsums.edu NR 26 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1040-0400 EI 1572-9001 J9 STRUCT CHEM JI Struct. Chem. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 10 IS 4 BP 285 EP 294 DI 10.1023/A:1022047018596 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 232YF UT WOS:000082397000003 ER PT J AU Krishnamurti, C Maglasang, P Rothwell, SW AF Krishnamurti, C Maglasang, P Rothwell, SW TI Development of a kidney injury model to assess the hemostatic properties of human platelets in rabbits. SO THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU F K SCHATTAUER VERLAG GMBH PI STUTTGART PA P O BOX 10 45 43, LENZHALDE 3, D-70040 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0340-6245 J9 THROMB HAEMOSTASIS JI Thromb. Haemost. PD AUG PY 1999 SU S MA 1663 BP 528 EP 529 PG 2 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 290FP UT WOS:000085665901665 ER PT J AU Reid, TJ Cutting, MA Clear, M Snider, RL AF Reid, TJ Cutting, MA Clear, M Snider, RL TI Kinetics of NONOates (nitric oxide (NO) generators) is the same in plasma and buffer - Investigations of platelet function SO THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Hematol & Vasc Biol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU F K SCHATTAUER VERLAG GMBH PI STUTTGART PA P O BOX 10 45 43, LENZHALDE 3, D-70040 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0340-6245 J9 THROMB HAEMOSTASIS JI Thromb. Haemost. PD AUG PY 1999 SU S MA 2002A BP 635 EP 635 PG 1 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 290FP UT WOS:000085665902010 ER PT J AU Grant, KW AF Grant, KW TI Hearing by eye II: Advances in the psychology of speechreading and auditory-visual speech SO TRENDS IN COGNITIVE SCIENCES LA English DT Book Review ID NONSENSE SYLLABLES; INTEGRATION; SENTENCES; WORDS C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Army Audiol & Speech Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Grant, KW (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Army Audiol & Speech Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1364-6613 J9 TRENDS COGN SCI JI TRENDS COGN. SCI. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 3 IS 8 BP 319 EP 320 DI 10.1016/S1364-6613(99)01368-6 PG 2 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences; Psychology, Experimental SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA 226MJ UT WOS:000082023500011 ER PT J AU Krogmann, U Boyles, LS Bamka, WJ Chaiprapat, S Martel, CJ AF Krogmann, U Boyles, LS Bamka, WJ Chaiprapat, S Martel, CJ TI Biosolids and sludge management SO WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID WASTE-WATER TREATMENT; ABYSSAL SEA-FLOOR; ATOMIC-ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY; SUSTAINABLE FOOD-PRODUCTION; MUNICIPAL SOLID-WASTE; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; POTENTIALLY TOXIC ELEMENTS; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; DIGESTED SEWAGE-SLUDGE; HEAVY-METALS C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH USA. RP Krogmann, U (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, 14 Coll Farm Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. RI Chaiprapat, Sumate /C-8925-2009; Ducey, Thomas/A-6493-2011 NR 323 TC 21 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 16 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 USA SN 1061-4303 J9 WATER ENVIRON RES JI Water Environ. Res. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 71 IS 5 BP 692 EP 714 DI 10.2175/106143099X133721 PG 23 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 230HZ UT WOS:000082246900013 ER PT J AU Bailey, SE Olin, TJ Bricka, RM Adrian, DD AF Bailey, SE Olin, TJ Bricka, RM Adrian, DD TI A review of potentially low-cost sorbents for heavy metals SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE heavy metals; sorption; economic; water ID SPHAGNUM MOSS PEAT; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; WASTE-WATER; FLY-ASH; CADMIUM REMOVAL; CHITOSAN BEADS; MARINE-ALGAE; ION BINDING; ADSORPTION; SORPTION AB The use of low-cost sorbents has been investigated as a replacement for current costly methods of removing heavy metals from solution. Natural materials or waste products from certain industries with a high capacity for heavy metals can be obtained, employed, and disposed of with little cost. Modification of the sorbents can also improve adsorption capacity, fn this review, an extensive list of sorbent literature has been compiled to provide a summary of available information on a wide range of potentially low-cost sorbents, including bark, chitosan, xanthate, zeolite, clay, peat moss, seaweed, dead biomass, and others. Some of the highest adsorption capacities reported for cadmium, chromium, lead and mercury are: 1587 mg Pb/g lignin, 796 mg Pb/g chitosan, 1123 mg Hg/g chitosan, 1000 mg Hg/g CPEI cotton, 92 mg Cr(III)/g chitosan, 76 mg Cr(III)/g pear, 558 mg Cd/g chitosan, and 215 mg Cd/g seaweed. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Adrian, DD (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. NR 80 TC 1713 Z9 1797 U1 136 U2 934 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 33 IS 11 BP 2469 EP 2479 DI 10.1016/S0043-1354(98)00475-8 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 211VW UT WOS:000081183400001 ER PT J AU Keller, JE Neale, EA Oyler, G Adler, M AF Keller, JE Neale, EA Oyler, G Adler, M TI Persistence of botulinum neurotoxin action in cultured spinal cord cells SO FEBS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE botulinum neurotoxin; synaptosomal-associated protein of 25 kDa (SNAP-25); spinal cord culture ID RAT NEUROMUSCULAR-JUNCTION; CLOSTRIDIAL NEUROTOXINS; SEROTYPE-A; SNAP-25; PROTEINS; TETANUS; RELEASE; TOXIN; ASTROCYTES; TERMINALS AB Primary dissociated fetal mouse spinal cord cultures were used to study the mechanisms underlying the differences in persistence of botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT/A) and botulinum neurotoxin/E (BoNT/E) activities. Spinal cord cultures were exposed to BoNT/A (0.4 pM) for 2-3 days, which converted approximately half of the SNAP-25 to an altered form lacking the final nine C-terminal residues. The distribution of toxin-damaged to control SNAP-25 remained relatively unchanged for up to 80 days thereafter. Application of a high concentration of BoNT/E (250 pM) either 25 or 60 days following initial intoxication with BoNT/A converted both normal and BoNT/ A-truncated SNAP-25 into a single population lacking the final 26 C-terminal residues. Excess BoNT/E was removed by washout, and recovery of intact SNAP-25 was monitored by Western blot analysis. The BoNT/E-truncated species gradually diminished during the ensuing 18 days, accompanied by the reappearance of both normal and BoNT/A-truncated SNAP-25, Return of BoNT/A-truncated SNAP-25 was observed in spite of the absence of BoNT/A in the culture medium during all but the first 3 days of exposure. These results indicate that proteolytic activity associated with the BoNT/A light chain persists inside cells for >11 weeks, while recovery from BoNT/E is complete in <3 weeks. This longer duration of enzymatic activity appears to account for the persistence of serotype A action. (C) 1999 Federation of European Biochemical Societies. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Neurotoxicol Branch, Div Pharmacol, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NICHHD, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Human Hyg, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. RP Keller, JE (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Neurotoxicol Branch, Div Pharmacol, 3100 Ricketts Point Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 28 TC 103 Z9 105 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-5793 J9 FEBS LETT JI FEBS Lett. PD JUL 30 PY 1999 VL 456 IS 1 BP 137 EP 142 DI 10.1016/S0014-5793(99)00948-5 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 224QQ UT WOS:000081910100028 PM 10452545 ER PT J AU Jones, KA Shah, PB Kirchner, KW Lareau, RT Wood, MC Ervin, MH Vispute, RD Sharma, RP Venkatesan, T Holland, OW AF Jones, KA Shah, PB Kirchner, KW Lareau, RT Wood, MC Ervin, MH Vispute, RD Sharma, RP Venkatesan, T Holland, OW TI Annealing ion implanted SiC with an AlN cap SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING B-SOLID STATE MATERIALS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd European Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials (ECSCRM 98) CY SEP 02-04, 1998 CL MONTPELLIER, FRANCE SP Univ Montpellier II, Ctr Nat Recher Scientif, Conseil Reg Languedoc Roussillon, Conseil Gen Herault, Dist Agglomer Montpellier, European Union EuroConference & TMR Programmes, U S Army & European Res Off, Delegat Gen Armement, Aixtron AG, Cree Res Inc, Emcore Corp, Epigress AB, E P S Schlumberger, Ion Beam Serv, Omicron EURL, Schneider Elect, SiCrystal AG, Sterling Semiconductor, Thomson LCR DE ion; AlN cap; SiC wafer ID SILICON-CARBIDE; NITROGEN IMPLANTS; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; DEPOSITION; SIC(0001); OXIDATION; NITRIDE; ALPHA; AIN AB An AlN cap was used to try to prevent the preferential evaporation of Si during the high temperature anneals required to activate N implanted into a SiC substrate. The process was essentially successful as the electrical measurements showed that the resistivity continued to decrease with increasing annealing temperatures up to 1600 degrees C and times up to 120 min. The changes were, however, marginal when compared to a 1500 degrees C, 30 min anneal suggesting that this anneal would be sufficient to activate most of the N implants. There is evidence for a small amount of Si being lost near the surface. This could occur where the AlN pulled away locally from the SIC wafer; this effect was stronger for patterned substrates where stress concentrations can occur at steps. For the most part, however, the SiC surface retained its integrity even during the process of removing the AIN film with a hot KOH etch. Also, there was no evidence that Al from the AIN contaminated the N implanted region by diffusing in during the anneals. The surface of the AIN retained its integrity during the anneal although topographical changes suggested that considerable atomic motion had occurred. This coincided with the formation of an amorphous AIN layer in the film. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Res Lab, SEDD, AMSRL,SE,RL, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Jones, KA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, SEDD, AMSRL,SE,RL, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Venkatesan, Thirumalai/E-1667-2013 NR 25 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5107 J9 MAT SCI ENG B-SOLID JI Mater. Sci. Eng. B-Solid State Mater. Adv. Technol. PD JUL 30 PY 1999 VL 61-2 BP 281 EP 286 DI 10.1016/S0921-5107(98)00518-2 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 230CT UT WOS:000082234800058 ER PT J AU Mascola, JR AF Mascola, JR TI Herpes simplex virus vaccines - Why don't antibodies protect? SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; EFFICACY; INFANTS; TYPE-2 C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Retrovirol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Mascola, JR (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Retrovirol, 1 Taft Ct,Suite 250, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. NR 19 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 28 PY 1999 VL 282 IS 4 BP 379 EP 380 DI 10.1001/jama.282.4.379 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 219FG UT WOS:000081596800035 PM 10432037 ER PT J AU Yang, RQ Bruno, JD Bradshaw, JL Pham, JT Wortman, DE AF Yang, RQ Bruno, JD Bradshaw, JL Pham, JT Wortman, DE TI High-power interband cascade lasers with quantum efficiency > 450% SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID WELLS AB Mid-IR (3.8-3.9 mu m) interband cascade lasers based on InAs/GaInSb heterostructures have been demonstrated at temperatures up to 210K. The authors have observed a peak optical output power of similar to 2W/facet from one device at 80K, and from another device at 150K, a slope of 735mW/A per facet, corresponding to a differential external quantum efficiency of 456%. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Yang, RQ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Power Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Bradshaw, John/E-8330-2011 NR 7 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD JUL 22 PY 1999 VL 35 IS 15 BP 1254 EP 1255 DI 10.1049/el:19990880 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 225KY UT WOS:000081960100032 ER PT J AU Zhang, YF Autenrieth, RL Bonner, JS Harvey, SP Wild, JR AF Zhang, YF Autenrieth, RL Bonner, JS Harvey, SP Wild, JR TI Biodegradation of neutralized Sarin SO BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Sarin; IMPA; organophosphates; GB; nerve agents; biodegradation; kinetics ID CARBON-PHOSPHORUS BOND; BACTERIA; CLEAVAGE; PURIFICATION; DEGRADATION; GLYPHOSATE; PRODUCTS AB This research investigated the biotransformation of IMPA, the neutralization product of the nerve agent Sarin, by a microbial consortia. As mandated by the Chemical Weapons Convention signed by 132 countries in 1993, all chemical warfare agents are to be destroyed within ten years of ratification. Technologies must be developed to satisfy this commitment. This paper presents data from a biodegradation kinetics study and background information on the biological transformation of IMPA. Microbial transformation of organophosphate nerve agents and organophosphate pesticide intermediates can be incorporated into a treatment process for the fast and efficient destruction of these similar compounds. Sarin (isopropyl methylphosphonofluoridate), also known as GB, is one of several highly neurotoxic chemical warfare agents that have been developed over the past 50 to 60 years. Four mixed cultures were acclimated to the Sarin hydrolysis product, isopropyl methylphosphonic acid (IMPA). Two of these cultures, APG microorganisms and SX microorganisms, used IMPA as the sole phosphorus source. Extended exposure to IMPA improved the cultures' abilities to degrade IMPA to form methylphosphonic acid (MPA) and inorganic phosphate. The presence of free phosphate in the reactor suppressed the degradation of IMPA. IMPA did not inhibit either cultural consortia within the tested concentration range (0 to 1250 mg/L). The nu(max) was 120.9 mg/L/day for the SX microorganisms and 118.3 mg/L/day for the APG microorganisms. Initial IMPA concentrations of 85 to 90 mg/L were degraded to nondetectable levels within 75 h. These results demonstrate the potential for biodegradation to serve as a complementary treatment process for the destruction of stockpiled Sarin. (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Civil Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USA, ERDEC, Environm Biotechnol, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biochem & Biophys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Autenrieth, RL (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Civil Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 28 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 7 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0006-3592 J9 BIOTECHNOL BIOENG JI Biotechnol. Bioeng. PD JUL 20 PY 1999 VL 64 IS 2 BP 221 EP 231 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0290(19990720)64:2<221::AID-BIT11>3.0.CO;2-Q PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 205XD UT WOS:000080845100011 PM 10397858 ER PT J AU Xin, Y Rujirawat, S Browning, ND Sporken, R Sivananthan, S Pennycook, SJ Dhar, NK AF Xin, Y Rujirawat, S Browning, ND Sporken, R Sivananthan, S Pennycook, SJ Dhar, NK TI The effect of As passivation on the molecular beam epitaxial growth of high-quality single-domain CdTe(111)B on Si(111) substrates SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CDTE; SI; HGCDTE AB The effect of As passivation of Si(111) substrates on the subsequent molecular beam epitaxial growth of CdTe(111) is investigated through a detailed comparison of the microstructures of two types of films. The film grown on a substrate treated with a Te flux is found to exhibit a rough film-substrate interface and has very poor crystalline quality with a (111)A orientation. In contrast, a CdTe film grown under identical conditions except for the Si substrate treated with an As flux is observed to have an atomically abrupt film-substrate interface and a single-domain structure in the technologically more relevant (111)B orientation. A growth mechanism for the formation of these high-quality single-domain CdTe(111)B films is proposed. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(99)03329-X]. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Fac Univ Notre Dame Paix, Lab LISE, Brussels, Belgium. RP Xin, Y (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. OI Browning, Nigel/0000-0003-0491-251X NR 16 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 19 PY 1999 VL 75 IS 3 BP 349 EP 351 DI 10.1063/1.124371 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 215XP UT WOS:000081409000015 ER PT J AU Linthicum, KJ Anyamba, A Tucker, CJ Kelley, PW Myers, MF Peters, CJ AF Linthicum, KJ Anyamba, A Tucker, CJ Kelley, PW Myers, MF Peters, CJ TI Climate and satellite indicators to forecast Rift Valley fever epidemics in Kenya SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENCE VEGETATION INDEX; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; NEAR-INFRARED CHANNELS; DOMESTIC-ANIMALS; EL-NINO; RAINFALL; AVHRR; CALIBRATION; AFRICA; VIRUS AB All known Rift Valley fever virus outbreaks in East Africa from 1950 to May 1998, and probably earlier, followed periods of abnormally high rainfall. Analysis of this record and Pacific and Indian Ocean sea surface temperature anomalies, coupled with satellite normalized difference vegetation index data, shows that prediction of Rift Valley fever outbreaks may be made up to 5 months in advance of outbreaks in East Africa. Concurrent near-real-time monitoring with satellite normalized difference vegetation data may identify actual affected areas. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Def, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Earth Sci Directorate, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Anyamba, A (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Def, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 30 TC 300 Z9 313 U1 5 U2 34 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUL 16 PY 1999 VL 285 IS 5426 BP 397 EP 400 DI 10.1126/science.285.5426.397 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 216VV UT WOS:000081465900051 PM 10411500 ER PT J AU Hamerlinck, FFV Klatser, PR Walsh, DS Bos, JD Walsh, GP Faber, WR AF Hamerlinck, FFV Klatser, PR Walsh, DS Bos, JD Walsh, GP Faber, WR TI Serum neopterin as a marker for reactional states in leprosy SO FEMS IMMUNOLOGY AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE neopterin; reversal reaction; erythema nodosum leprosum; cell-mediated immunity ID INTERFERON-GAMMA; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; INDUCTION; ALLOANTIGENS; PTERIDINES; RELEASE; INVITRO; INVIVO; CELLS AB Reactions, a relatively common phenomenon among leprosy patients in treatment, require early detection and proper management to prevent serious sequelae. It is generally accepted that reactional states are immunologically mediated and, as such, usually improve with immunomodulatory treatments such as corticosteroids or thalidomide. Neopterin, a product of gamma-interferon-activated macrophages, is a marker for cell-mediated immune activation and may be useful to detect reactional states in leprosy. Here, we compared neopterin levels in single serum samples From leprosy patients with and without reaction with untreated controls and, when available. serial samples among patients with and without reaction. Levels in the single sample measurements, conducted in 22 patients with a reversal reaction (mean 14.5 nmol l(-1), S.D. 8.7) and 13 with erythema nodosum leprosum (mean 16.9 nmol l(-1), S.D. 13.6), were significantly higher (P = 0.02 and P = 0.001, respectively) than levels in 26 untreated patients (mean 9.1 nmol l(-1), S.D. 7.3), Values above the upper limit of normal (10 nmol l(-1)) were found in seven of 26 untreated patients, 14 of the 22 reversal reaction patients (P = 0.01) and 10 of the 13 ENL patients (P = 0.003). Serial serum samples, obtained from six patients that developed reactions and 14 that remained free of reaction, indicated that reversal reaction or erythema nodosum leprosum paralleled a concomitant increase in the serum neopterin level. Neopterin levels generally declined upon corticosteroid therapy. Neopterin may be a useful marker for reactional states in leprosy by providing a laboratory parameter to assess the onset, progression, response to therapy and resolution. (C) 1999 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. Royal Trop Inst, Dept Biomed Res, Amsterdam, Netherlands. USA, Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Immunol & Med, Bangkok, Thailand. Leonard Wood Mem Ctr Leprosy Res, Cebu City, Philippines. RP Hamerlinck, FFV (reprint author), Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Meibergdreef 9, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. NR 17 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0928-8244 J9 FEMS IMMUNOL MED MIC JI FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol. PD JUL 15 PY 1999 VL 24 IS 4 BP 405 EP 409 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 215LY UT WOS:000081384200003 PM 10435759 ER PT J AU Handy, EM Rao, MV Jones, KA Derenge, MA Chi, PH Vispute, RD Venkatesan, T Papanicolaou, NA Mittereder, J AF Handy, EM Rao, MV Jones, KA Derenge, MA Chi, PH Vispute, RD Venkatesan, T Papanicolaou, NA Mittereder, J TI Effectiveness of AlN encapsulant in annealing ion-implanted SiC SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID 6H SILICON-CARBIDE; ALUMINUM; BORON AB Aluminum nitride (AlN) has been used as an encapsulant for annealing nitrogen (N), arsenic (As), antimony (Sb), aluminum (Al), and boron (B) ion-implanted 6H-SiC. Atomic force microscopy has revealed that the AlN encapsulant prevents the formation of long grooves on the SiC surface that are observed if the AlN encapsulant is not used, for annealing cycles up to 1600 degrees C for 15 min. Secondary ion mass spectrometry measurements indicated that the AlN encapsulant is effective in preserving the As and Sb implants, but could not stop the loss of the B implants. Electrical characterization reveals activation of N, As, Sb, and Al implants when annealed with an AlN encapsulant comparable to the best activation achieved without AlN. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(99)03214-4]. C1 George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Army Res Lab, SEDD, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Handy, EM (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RI Venkatesan, Thirumalai/E-1667-2013 NR 20 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 15 PY 1999 VL 86 IS 2 BP 746 EP 751 DI 10.1063/1.370798 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 211QL UT WOS:000081171800006 ER PT J AU Joshi, PC Cole, MW AF Joshi, PC Cole, MW TI Influence of postdeposition annealing on the enhanced structural and electrical properties of amorphous and crystalline Ta2O5 thin films for dynamic random access memory applications SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TANTALUM OXIDE-FILMS; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; REACTIVELY SPUTTERED TA2O5; MICROWAVE APPLICATIONS; SILICON; PRESSURE; DIELECTRICS; TEMPERATURE; O-2; SI AB Tantalum oxide (Ta2O5) thin films were fabricated on Pt-coated Si, n(+)-Si, and poly-Si substrates by metalorganic solution deposition technique. The effects of postdeposition annealing on the structural, electrical, and optical properties were analyzed. The Ta2O5 films were amorphous up to 600 degrees C. A well-crystallized orthorhombic phase with strong a-axis orientation was obtained at an annealing temperature of 650 degrees C. The refractive index was found to increase with annealing temperature and a value of 2.08 (at 630 nm) was obtained for films annealed at 750 degrees C. The electrical measurements were conducted on metal-insulator-metal (MIM) and metal-insulator-semiconductor capacitors. The dielectric constant of amorphous Ta2O5 thin films was in the range 29.2-29.5 up to 600 degrees C, while crystalline thin films, annealed in the temperature range 650-750 degrees C, exhibited enhanced dielectric constant in the range 45.6-51.7. The high dielectric constant in crystalline thin films was attributed to orientation dependence of the dielectric permittivity. The dielectric loss factor did not show any appreciable dependence on the annealing temperature and was in the range 0.006-0.009. The frequency dispersion of the dielectric properties was also analyzed. The films exhibited high resistivities of the order of 10(12)-10(15) Omega cm at an applied electric field of 1 MV/cm in the annealing temperature range of 500-750 degrees C. The measurement of current-voltage (I-V) characteristics in MIM capacitors indicated the conduction process to be bulk limited. The I-V characteristics were ohmic at low fields, and Poole-Frenkel effect dominated at high fields. The temperature coefficient of capacitance was in the range 52-114 ppm/degrees C for films annealed in the temperature range 500-750 degrees C. The bias stability of capacitance, measured at an applied electric field of 1 MV/cm, was better than 1.41% for Ta2O5 films annealed up to 750 degrees C. For a 0.15-mu m-thick film, a unit area capacitance of 3.0 fF/mu m2 and a charge storage density of 22.3 fC/mu m(2) were obtained at an applied electric field of 0.5 MV/cm. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(99)07914-1]. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Joshi, PC (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 47 TC 90 Z9 91 U1 1 U2 39 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 15 PY 1999 VL 86 IS 2 BP 871 EP 880 DI 10.1063/1.370817 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 211QL UT WOS:000081171800025 ER PT J AU Plant, NG Holman, RA Freilich, MH Birkemeier, WA AF Plant, NG Holman, RA Freilich, MH Birkemeier, WA TI A simple model for interannual sandbar behavior SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID NATURAL BEACH; ENERGY SATURATION; BAR SYSTEM; SURF ZONES; NEARSHORE; VARIABILITY; MORPHOLOGY; GENERATION; TRANSPORT AB Time and length scales of beach variability have been quantified using 16 years of beach surveys sampled at the Army Corps of Engineers' Field Research Facility, located on the U.S. Atlantic coast. Between 50% and 90% of the bathymetric variability at this site was explained by alongshore-uniform response over the approximately 1 km alongshore span of the surveys. Although the incident wave height variance was dominated by frequencies at or higher than 1 cycle/yr, more than 80% of the bathymetric variance at all cross-shore locations was explained by frequencies <1 cycle/yr. Interannual cycles consisting of sandbar formation, migration, and decay contributed to the low-frequency variability. The observed behavior can be explained by a simple, heuristic model. The model assumes that bars migrate toward a wave height dependent equilibrium position. This position was shown to coincide with the wave "breakpoint." Additionally, the rate of bar response is taken to be variable and was empirically determined to be proportional to the wave height cubed. The net effect of a variable response rate is to shift the expected long-term mean sandbar position offshore, toward the equilibrium position associated with the largest waves. The model explained up to 80% of the observed bar position time series variance and up to 70% of the variance of bar crest velocity time series, which were extracted from three different sandbars. Characteristic bar response times (related to the inverse of the response rate) were found to be long relative to the characteristic timescale of the forcing (1 year in our case). As a result, transient response (i.e., bar position far from equilibrium) tended to persist for many cycles of the forcing. Transient bar behavior appears in the observations when bars formed near the shoreline or when outer bars decayed and inner bars faced a changed wave climate. While the present model is able to explain the evolution of these transients, it does not contain a mechanism for their introduction. C1 Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. USA, Corps Engineers Field Res Facil, Kitty Hawk, NC 27942 USA. RP Plant, NG (reprint author), Univ Twente, POB 217, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands. OI Plant, Nathaniel/0000-0002-5703-5672 NR 31 TC 115 Z9 115 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JUL 15 PY 1999 VL 104 IS C7 BP 15755 EP 15776 DI 10.1029/1999JC900112 PG 22 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 217RD UT WOS:000081512000018 ER PT J AU Hopkins, MA Tuhkuri, J AF Hopkins, MA Tuhkuri, J TI Compression of floating ice fields SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID SIMULATION AB The compression of ice fields made up of thin flees is central to the processes of ice jam formation in northern rivers, pressure ridge formation in northern seas, and the dynamics of ice fields in Arctic and Antarctic marginal seas. This work describes the results of computer simulations in which a floating layer of circular floes, confined in a rectangular channel, is compressed by a pusher plate moving at a constant speed. The accuracy of the simulations is assessed by comparison with a series of similar physical experiments performed in a refrigerated basin. Following this comparison, the computer model is used to perform an extensive series of simulations to explore the effect of variations in channel length and width, the ratio of flee diameter to thickness, flee on flee friction coefficients, and the distribution of flee diameters on the force required to compress the flees. The results show that reducing the aspect ratio of the flees or increasing the friction coefficient increases the force needed to compress the flees. Both changes increase the force by changing the dominant failure mechanism in the layer of flees from rafting to underturning. Increasing channel width reduced the compressive force (per unit channel width) by reducing the relative importance of frictional drag at the channel edges. Last, the results of a simulation using a distribution of flee diameters was indistinguishable from those of a simulation using flees with a single diameter equal to the average diameter of the distribution. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Helsinki Univ Technol, Ship Lab, FIN-02150 Espoo, Finland. RP Hopkins, MA (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RI Tuhkuri, Jukka/E-6913-2012 OI Tuhkuri, Jukka/0000-0003-4837-352X NR 18 TC 27 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JUL 15 PY 1999 VL 104 IS C7 BP 15815 EP 15825 DI 10.1029/1999JC900127 PG 11 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 217RD UT WOS:000081512000022 ER PT J AU Chalhoub, NG Nehme, H Henein, NA Bryzik, W AF Chalhoub, NG Nehme, H Henein, NA Bryzik, W TI Effects of structural deformations of the crank-slider mechanism on the estimation of the instantaneous engine friction torque SO JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article AB The focus on the current study is to assess the effects of structural deformations of the crankshaft/connecting-rod/piston mechanism on the computation of the instantaneous engine friction torque. This study is performed in a fully controlled environment in order to isolate the effects of structural deformations from those of measurement errors or noise interference. Therefore, a detailed model, accounting for the rigid and flexible motions of the crank-slider mechanism and including engine component friction formulations, is considered in this study. The model is used as a test bed to generate the engine friction torque, T-fa, and to predict the rigid and flexible motions of the system in response to the cylinder gas pressure. The torsional vibrations and the rigid body angular velocity of the crankshaft, as predicted by the detailed model of the crank-slider mechanism, are used along with the engine load torque and the cylinder gas pressure in the (P - omega) method to estimate the engine friction torque, T-fe. This method is well suited for the purpose of this study because its formulation is based on the rigid body model of the crank-slider mechanism. The digital simulation results demonstrate that the exclusion of the structural deformations of the crank-slider mechanism from the formulation of the (P - omega) method leads to an overestimation of the engine friction torque near the top-dead-center (TDC) position of the piston under firing conditions. Moreover, for the remainder of the engine cycle, the estimated friction torque exhibits large oscillations and takes on positive numerical values as if it is inducing energy into the system. Thus, the adverse effects of structural deformations of the crank-slider mechanism on the estimation of the engine friction torque greatly differ in their nature from one phase of the engine cycle to another. (C) 1999 Academic Press. C1 Wayne State Univ, Dept Engn Mech, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. USA, Tank Automot RDE Ctr, AMST AR, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Chalhoub, NG (reprint author), Wayne State Univ, Dept Engn Mech, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-460X J9 J SOUND VIB JI J. Sound Vibr. PD JUL 15 PY 1999 VL 224 IS 3 BP 489 EP 503 DI 10.1006/jsvi.1999.2192 PG 15 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 216JV UT WOS:000081439700006 ER PT J AU Simon, JH Jacobs, LD Campion, MK Rudick, RA Cookfair, DL Herndon, RM Richert, JR Salazar, AM Fischer, JS Goodkin, DE Simonian, N Lajaunie, M Miller, DE Wende, K Martens-Davidson, A Kinkel, RP Munschauer, FE Brownscheidle, CM AF Simon, JH Jacobs, LD Campion, MK Rudick, RA Cookfair, DL Herndon, RM Richert, JR Salazar, AM Fischer, JS Goodkin, DE Simonian, N Lajaunie, M Miller, DE Wende, K Martens-Davidson, A Kinkel, RP Munschauer, FE Brownscheidle, CM CA Multiple Sclerosis Collaborative Res Grp TI A longitudinal study of brain atrophy in relapsing multiple sclerosis SO NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CORPUS-CALLOSUM ATROPHY; SPINAL-CORD MRI; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; DISEASE PROGRESSION; CLINICAL DISABILITY; INTERFERON BETA-1B; LESIONS; ECHO AB Objective: To determine if progressive brain atrophy could be detected over 1- and 2-year intervals in relapsing MS, based on annual MR studies from the Multiple Sclerosis Collaborative Research Group (MSCRG) trial of interferon beta-1a (Avonex). Methods: All subjects had mild to moderate disability, with baseline expanded disability status scores ranging from 1.0 to 3.5, and at least two relapses in the 3 years before study entry. Atrophy measures included third and lateral ventricle width, brain width, and corpus callosum area. Results: Significant increases were detected in third ventricle width at year 2 and lateral ventricle width at 1 and 2 years. Significant decreases in corpus callosum area and brain width were also observed at 1 and 2 years. Multiple regression analyses suggested that the number of gadolinium-enhancing lesions at baseline was the single significant contributor to change in third ventricle width. Atrophy over 1 and 2 years as indicated by enlargement of the third and lateral ventricle and shrinkage of the corpus callosum was greater for patients entering the trial with enhancing lesions. Greater disability increments over 1 and 2 years were associated with more severe third ventricle enlargement. Conclusion: In patients with relapsing MS and only mild to moderate disability, significant cerebral atrophy is already developing that can be measured over periods of only 1 to 2 years. The course of cerebral atrophy in MS appears to be influenced by prior inflammatory disease activity as indicated by the presence of enhancing lesions. Brain atrophy measures are important markers of MS disease progression because they likely reflect destructive and irreversible pathologic processes. C1 Multiple Sclerosis Res Ctr, Millard Fillmore Hlth Syst, Buffalo, NY USA. Buffalo Gen Hosp, Dept Neurol, Buffalo, NY 14203 USA. Cleveland Clin Fdn, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. Good Samaritan Hosp & Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Portland, OR 97209 USA. Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. UCSF, Mt Zion Multiple Sclerosis Ctr, San Francisco, CA USA. MRI, Dept Radiol, Denver, CO USA. Biogen Inc, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Radiol, MRI, Denver, CO 80262 USA. RP Simon, JH (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Radiol, MRI, 4200 E 9th Ave,Box A-034, Denver, CO 80262 USA. FU PHS HHS [R01-26321] NR 41 TC 257 Z9 264 U1 2 U2 8 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0028-3878 J9 NEUROLOGY JI Neurology PD JUL 13 PY 1999 VL 53 IS 1 BP 139 EP 148 PG 10 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 214XZ UT WOS:000081354000027 PM 10408550 ER PT J AU Budowle, B Wilson, MR DiZinno, JA Stauffer, C Fasano, MA Holland, MM Monson, KL AF Budowle, B Wilson, MR DiZinno, JA Stauffer, C Fasano, MA Holland, MM Monson, KL TI Mitochondrial DNA regions HVI and HVII population data SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE mitochondrial DNA; HVI; HVII; random match probability; gene diversity; substitution; transition; transversion; haplotype ID MTDNA CONTROL REGION; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; SKELETAL REMAINS; SINGLE HAIRS; IDENTIFICATION; AMPLIFICATION; INDIVIDUALS; DATABASES; FREQUENCY; EVOLUTION AB Data from 1393 unrelated individuals have been compiled from eight population groups: African Americans, Africans (Sierra Leone), U.S. Caucasians, Austrians, French, Hispanics, Japanese, and Asian Americans. The majority of the mtDNA sequences were observed only once within each population group (i.e., ranging from a low of 60.3% (35/58) of the Asian American sequences to a high of 85.3% (93/109) of the French sequences). Genetic diversity ranged from 0.990 in the African sample to 0.998 in African Americans. Random match probability ranged from 2.50% in the Asian American sample to 0.52% in U.S. Caucasians. The average number of nucleotide differences between individuals in a database is greatest for the African American and African samples (14.1 and 13.1, respectively), and the least variable are the Caucasians (ranging from 7.2 to 8.4). Substitutions are the predominate polymorphism, and at least 92% of the substitutions are transitions. The most prevalent transversions are As substituted for Cs and Cs substituted for As. For most population groups these transversions occurred predominately in the HVI region; however, the African, African American, and Hispanic samples also demonstrated a large portion of their C to A and A to C transversions in the HVII region (at sites 186 and/or 189). Most insertions occur in the HVII region at sites 309.1 and 315.1, within a stretch of C's. Insertions of an additional C are common in all population groups. The sequence data were converted to SSO mtDNA types and compared with population data on Caucasians, Africans, Asians, Japanese, and Mexicans described by Stoneking et al. [M, Stoneking, D. Hedgecock, R.G. Higuchi, L. Vigilant, H.A. Erlich, Population variation of human mtDNA control region sequences detected by enzymatic amplification and sequence-specific oligonucleotide probes, Am. J. Hum. Genet. 48 (1991) 370-382] using an RXC contingency table test. Differences between major population groups (i.e., between African, Caucasian, and Asian) are quite evident, and similar ethnic population groups carried similar SSO polymorphism frequencies. There were only a few SSO types that showed significant differences between subpopulation groups. The SSO data alone can not be used to describe the population genetics with complete sequence data. However, the results of the SSO comparisons are similar to other analyses, and differences in sequence data in regions HVI and HVII are greater between major population groups than between subgroups. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Fed Bur Invest Acad, Ctr Forens Sci Res & Training, Quantico, VA 22135 USA. FBI, DNA Anal Unit 2, Lab Div, Washington, DC 20530 USA. USA, AFDIL, Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Budowle, B (reprint author), Fed Bur Invest Acad, Ctr Forens Sci Res & Training, Quantico, VA 22135 USA. NR 29 TC 88 Z9 93 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0379-0738 J9 FORENSIC SCI INT JI Forensic Sci.Int. PD JUL 12 PY 1999 VL 103 IS 1 BP 23 EP 35 DI 10.1016/S0379-0738(99)00042-0 PG 13 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 223RD UT WOS:000081853300002 PM 10464936 ER PT J AU Saini, SS Johnson, FG Dilli, Z Hu, Y Grover, R Stone, DR Shen, P Pamulapati, J Zhou, W Dagenais, M AF Saini, SS Johnson, FG Dilli, Z Hu, Y Grover, R Stone, DR Shen, P Pamulapati, J Zhou, W Dagenais, M TI Compact low-loss vertical resonant mode coupling between two well-confined waveguides SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID WAVE-GUIDE; LASER AB The authors have achieved low-loss vertical mode transfer in an ultra-compact device between a 1.55 mu m InGaAsP QW active waveguide and a well-confined passive waveguide using a 100 mu m long taper. The radiation loss during the transfer was measured to be < 0.3dB. The device was fabricated using a single epitaxial growth and conventional fabrication schemes. This approach will lead to a new platform technology for integrating active and passive photonic devices. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Lab Phys Sci, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20873 USA. RP Saini, SS (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 5 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD JUL 8 PY 1999 VL 35 IS 14 BP 1195 EP 1197 DI 10.1049/el:19990775 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 226QM UT WOS:000082031900052 ER PT J AU Shorr, AF Miller, FG AF Shorr, AF Miller, FG TI Psychotherapy for depression in diabetes SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID PLACEBO C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. RP Shorr, AF (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD JUL 6 PY 1999 VL 131 IS 1 BP 70 EP 70 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 214UD UT WOS:000081345200017 PM 10391822 ER PT J AU Mawhinney, DB Rossin, JA Gerhart, K Yates, JT AF Mawhinney, DB Rossin, JA Gerhart, K Yates, JT TI Adsorption and reaction of 2-chloroethylethyl sulfide with Al2O3 surfaces SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSION INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; CARBON-MONOXIDE; ALUMINA SURFACES; METHYL-CHLORIDE; OXIDE SURFACES; TEMPERATURE; HYDROLYSIS; HYDROGEN; DECOMPOSITION; CHEMISORPTION AB The reaction of 2-chloroethylethyl sulfide (CEES) with a high-area Al2O3 surface was investigated, Two different reactive sites were created by thermally pretreating the Al2O3 powder: isolated hydroxyl sites and Lewis acid-base pair sites. The reaction of GEES with the isolated hydroxyl groups at 303 and 473 K produced a surface-bound species, which is characterized by a carbon-oxygen stretching mode near 1100 cm(-1). This assignment was confirmed by isotopic substitution of O-18 into the isolated hydroxyl groups prior to reaction with GEES. The other reaction product detected at 473 K was HCl. For a more highly dehydroxylated Al2O3 surface, the reaction of GEES with the Lewis acid-base pairs produced a surface-bound species also exhibiting a carbon-oxygen stretching mode near 1100 cm(-1). This species is postulated to form at O2- Lewis base sites as Al3+-Cl- bonds form on adjacent Lewis acid sites. The adsorption of pyridine onto the Lewis acid sites prior to GEES exposure effectively closes this reaction pathway. A maximum Al2O3 reactivity was achieved by pretreatment of the Al2O3 in the temperature range 673 - 773 K, judging by the integrated absorbance intensity of the product-1100 cm(-1) mode. This reactivity maximum is expected if both the isolated hydroxyl groups and Lewis acid-base pairs are involved in the reaction. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Ctr Surface Sci, Dept Chem, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Guild Associates Inc, Dublin, OH 43017 USA. USA, ERDEC, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Yates, JT (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Ctr Surface Sci, Dept Chem, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. NR 37 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD JUL 6 PY 1999 VL 15 IS 14 BP 4789 EP 4795 DI 10.1021/la981440v PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 216EG UT WOS:000081427800018 ER PT J AU Bergmann, MJ Ozgur, U Casey, HC Everitt, HO Muth, JF AF Bergmann, MJ Ozgur, U Casey, HC Everitt, HO Muth, JF TI Ordinary and extraordinary refractive indices for AlxGa1-xN epitaxial layers SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SPECTROSCOPIC ELLIPSOMETRY; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; DOUBLE-HETEROSTRUCTURE; LASER-DIODES; GAN; SAPPHIRE; TEMPERATURE; NITRIDE; RUTILE; FILMS AB Dispersion of the ordinary and extraordinary indices of refraction for wurtzite AlxGa1-xN epitaxial layers with x=0.00, 0.04, 0.08, 0.11, and 0.20 in the range of wavelengths 457 3.0.CO;2-I PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 209AL UT WOS:000081024800004 PM 10404964 ER PT J AU Bertagnoli, R Cook, DL Goldman, GD AF Bertagnoli, R Cook, DL Goldman, GD TI Bilateral primary mucinous carcinoma of the eyelid treated with Mohs surgery SO DERMATOLOGIC SURGERY LA English DT Article ID ADENOCARCINOMA; SKIN AB BACKGROUND. Primary mucinous carcinoma is an uncommon malignant cutaneous tumor which arises most commonly on the eyelid. While rarely causing death, recurrence following primary excision is common and widespread metastasis may occur. OBJECTIVE. We report the first case of bilateral primary mucinous carcinoma of the eyelid. METHODS. A lesion of the left lower eyelid had been resected three times previously with positive conventional margins. Both this lesion and a second primary lesion of the contralateral lower lid were removed with Mohs microscopically controlled excision without recurrence for more than 2 years. CONCLUSION. Multiple lesions of mucinous carcinoma of the eyelid do not necessarily connote metastasis. Mohs microscopically controlled excision may be a suitable form of therapy for primary mucinous carcinoma of the eyelid. C1 Univ Vermont, Coll Med, Fletcher Allen Hlth Care, Burlington, VT 05401 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Goldman, GD (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Coll Med, Fletcher Allen Hlth Care, 1 S Prospect St, Burlington, VT 05401 USA. NR 14 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 1076-0512 J9 DERMATOL SURG JI Dermatol. Surg. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 25 IS 7 BP 566 EP 568 DI 10.1046/j.1524-4725.1999.99070.x PG 3 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 219XD UT WOS:000081632800014 PM 10469115 ER PT J AU Wolfson, O Sistla, AP Chamberlain, S Yesha, Y AF Wolfson, O Sistla, AP Chamberlain, S Yesha, Y TI Updating and querying databases that track mobile units SO DISTRIBUTED AND PARALLEL DATABASES LA English DT Article AB In this paper, we consider databases representing information about moving objects (e.g., vehicles), particularly their location. We address the problems of updating and querying such databases. Specifically, the update problem is to determine when the location of a moving object in the database (namely its database location) should be updated. We answer this question by proposing an information cost model that captures uncertainty, deviation, and communication. Then we analyze dead-reckoning policies, namely policies that update the database location whenever the distance between the actual location and the database location exceeds a given threshold, x. Dead-reckoning is the prevalent approach in military applications, and our cost model enables us to determine the threshold x. We propose several dead-reckoning policies and we compare their performance by simulation. Then we consider the problem of processing range queries in the database. An example of a range query is 'retrieve the objects that are currently inside a given polygon P'. We propose a probabilistic approach to solve the problem. Namely, the DBMS will answer such a query with a set of objects, each of which is associated with a probability that the object is inside P. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Ctr Excellence Space Data & Informat Sci, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Wolfson, O (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. NR 24 TC 157 Z9 175 U1 0 U2 7 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-8782 J9 DISTRIB PARALLEL DAT JI Distrib. Parallel Databases PD JUL PY 1999 VL 7 IS 3 BP 257 EP 287 DI 10.1023/A:1008782710752 PG 31 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 229FQ UT WOS:000082183200002 ER PT J AU Kortepeter, MG Parker, GW AF Kortepeter, MG Parker, GW TI Potential biological weapons threats SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Operat Med Div, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Kortepeter, MG (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Operat Med Div, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 19 TC 113 Z9 119 U1 2 U2 2 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL-AUG PY 1999 VL 5 IS 4 BP 523 EP 527 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 225WE UT WOS:000081988300011 PM 10458957 ER PT J AU Pavlin, JA AF Pavlin, JA TI Epidemiology of bioterrorism SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID OUTBREAK C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Prevent Med, Dept Field Studies, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Pavlin, JA (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Prevent Med, Dept Field Studies, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 7 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL-AUG PY 1999 VL 5 IS 4 BP 528 EP 530 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 225WE UT WOS:000081988300012 PM 10458958 ER PT J AU Cieslak, TJ Eitzen, EM AF Cieslak, TJ Eitzen, EM TI Clinical and epidemiologic principles of anthrax SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID OUTBREAK C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Operat Med Div, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Cieslak, TJ (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Operat Med Div, 1425 Porter St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 20 TC 58 Z9 68 U1 2 U2 4 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL-AUG PY 1999 VL 5 IS 4 BP 552 EP 555 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 225WE UT WOS:000081988300018 PM 10458964 ER PT J AU Thurber, CA Malinowski, JC AF Thurber, CA Malinowski, JC TI Environmental correlates of negative emotions in children SO ENVIRONMENT AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article ID CHILDHOOD HOMESICKNESS; FAVORITE PLACES; COGNITION; ANXIETY; BOYS; ADOLESCENTS; PREFERENCE; VALIDITY; BEHAVIOR; SCHOOL AB Studies of the place uses and place preferences of young people have often disregarded the effects of negative and positive emotions. Conversely, studies of emotional disorders in young people have used a narrow definition of environment in describing the etiology and sequelae of depressive and anxious symptoms. This study explored the relations between emotions and environment in a group of 322 boys, aged 8 to 16, who attended a residential summer camp for 2 or 4 weeks. Self-reported negative emotions were associated with low overall environmental satisfaction. In addition, boys with higher levels of negative emotions were more likely to choose favorite places where they could be alone, whereas happier children chose places where they could socialize. Contrary to expectations, there was some evidence that negative emotions increased environmental exploration. Children's negative emotions may be both a cause and a consequence of unsatisfactory interactions with novel environments and may result in compensatory behavioral withdrawal or perseverative exploration. C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Thurber, CA (reprint author), US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 70 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0013-9165 J9 ENVIRON BEHAV JI Environ. Behav. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 31 IS 4 BP 487 EP 513 DI 10.1177/00139169921972209 PG 27 WC Environmental Studies; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Psychology GA 215VH UT WOS:000081403800003 ER PT J AU Wang, FC Bell, N Reid, P Smith, LA McIntosh, P Robertson, B Dolly, JO AF Wang, FC Bell, N Reid, P Smith, LA McIntosh, P Robertson, B Dolly, JO TI Identification of residues in dendrotoxin K responsible for its discrimination between neuronal K+ channels containing Kv1.1 and 1.2 alpha subunits SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE dendrotoxins; voltage-gated; K+ channels; mutagenesis; 3(10)-helix ID DEPENDENT POTASSIUM CHANNELS; SITE-DIRECTED MUTAGENESIS; RAT-BRAIN; BOVINE BRAIN; BINDING-PROPERTIES; MOLECULAR-BASIS; ION CHANNELS; SUBTYPES; PEPTIDE; SEIZURES AB Dendrodoxin (DTX) homologues are powerful blockers of K+ channels that contain certain subfamily Kv1 (1.1-1.6) alpha- and beta-subunits, in (alpha)(4)(beta)(4) stoichiometry. DTXk inhibits potently Kv1.1-containing channels only, whereas alpha DTX is less discriminating, hut exhibits highest affinity for Kv1.2. Herein. the nature of interactions of DTXk with native K+ channels composed of Kv1.1 and 1.2 (plus other) subunits were examined, using 15 site-directed mutants in which amino acids were altered in the 3(10)-helix, beta-turn, alpha-helix and random-coil regions. The mutants' antagonism of high-affinity [I-125]DTXk binding to Kv1.1-possessing channels in rat brain membranes and blockade of the Kv1.1 current expressed in oocytes were quantified. Also, the levels of inhibition of [I-125]alpha DTX binding to brain membranes by the DTXk mutants were used to measure their high- and low-affinity interactions, respectively, with neuronal Kv1.2-containing channels that possess Kv1.1 as a major or minor constituent. Displacement of toxin binding to either of these subtypes was not altered by single substitution with alanine of three basic residues in the random-coil region, or R52 or R53 in the alpha-helix: accordingly, representative mutants (K17A, R53A) blocked the Kv1.1 current with the same potency as the natural toxin. In contrast, competition of the binding of the radiolabelled alpha DTX or DTXk was dramatically reduced by alanine substitution of K26 or W25 in the beta-turn whereas changing nearby residues caused negligible alterations. Consistently, W25A and K26A exhibited diminished functional blockade of the Kv1.1 homo-oligomer. The 3(10)-helical N-terminal region of DTXk was found to be responsible for recognition of Kv1.1 channels because mutation of K3A led to approximate to 1246-fold reduction in the inhibitory potency for [I-125]DTXk binding and a large decrease in its ability to block the Kv1.1 current, the effect of this substitution on the affinity of DTXk for Kv1.2-possessing oligomers was much less dramatic (approximate to 16-fold). C1 Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Biochem, London SW7 2AY, England. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Toxinol Div, Frederick, MD USA. RP Dolly, JO (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Biochem, London SW7 2AY, England. RI Dolly, Oliver/G-1532-2012 OI Dolly, Oliver/0000-0002-0861-5320 FU Wellcome Trust NR 42 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0014-2956 J9 EUR J BIOCHEM JI Eur. J. Biochem. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 263 IS 1 BP 222 EP 229 DI 10.1046/j.1432-1327.1999.00494.x PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 217BZ UT WOS:000081480800029 PM 10429207 ER PT J AU Li, QG Brueckner, RP Peggins, JO Trotman, KM Brewer, TG AF Li, QG Brueckner, RP Peggins, JO Trotman, KM Brewer, TG TI Arteether toxicokinetics and pharmacokinetics in rats after 25 mg/kg/day single and multiple doses SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DRUG METABOLISM AND PHARMACOKINETICS LA English DT Article DE arteether; toxicokinetics; pharmacokinetics; multiple doses; rats ID ANTIMALARIAL DRUG; FALCIPARUM-MALARIA; ARTEMETHER; BIOAVAILABILITY; ARTEMISININ AB Multiple doses of arteether (ARTE) at 25 mg/kg cause CNS and anorectic toxicities in rats. The same dose of ARTE was used to study the toxicokinetics (TK) after multiple injections and the pharmacokinetics (PK) following single administration. Animals were administered ARTE in sesame oil for 7 days, blood samples were collected using destructive sampling for up to 192 h after dosing and assayed by HPLC-ECD. Two other groups of rats were administered either a single 25 mg/kg i.v. or i.m. dose. In addition, the drug remaining in the i.m. injection site was measured. During the 7 day treatments, anorectic toxicity of ARTE was observed, and that caused significant reductions in food consumption and body weight after day 2. TK data on days 2-7 revealed marked changes compared to the PK parameters estimated on day 1. AUC (4367 ng.h/ml) on day 7 was 5-fold higher than AUC (905 ng.h/ml) on day 1. The volume of distribution at steady state (V-ss) on day 7 (41.81) was 40% of the day 1 value of the V-ss (104.31). Clearance (CL) was increased by 89% of the day 1 value, from 0.98 l/h to 1.85 l/h on day 7. The elimination t(1/2) of ARTE was also prolonged from 13.7 h (day 1) to 31.2 h (day 7). These data suggest that ARTE may have altered its distribution and elimination in rats as a result of the systemic toxicity. Analysis of the injection sites showed that 38% and 91% of the total amount of ARTE single dose remained in the muscles at 24 h (after first injection) and 168 h (at 24 h after 7 daily multiple doses), respectively. Fast and slow absorption phases from muscle were seen with t(1/2) Of 0.97 h and 26.3 h, respectively. The apparent elimination t(1/2) Of ARTE after i.m. injection (13.7 h) was much longer than that after i.v, dosing (0.67 h) due to the prolonged muscle absorption phase. Acute toxicity data of artemisinin drugs demonstrated that animals receiving a high single ARTE dose in sesame oil died between days 5-11, similar to artemether. When animals received dihydroartemisinin formulated in 50% DMAC/oil, or artesunic acid and artelinic acid in 0.9% saline vehicle, they died between days 1 and 2. This suggests that delayed onset toxicity and death in the ARTE rats may also be due to slow absorption and prolonged drug exposure. Therefore multiple i.m. administrations cause anorexia and drug accumulation, possibly affecting the toxicokinetics and efficacy of the drug. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Pharmacol, Div Expt Therapeut, Washington, DC 20307 USA. US FDA, Ctr Vet Med, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. RP Li, QG (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Pharmacol, Div Expt Therapeut, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 35 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 2 PU MEDECINE ET HYGIENE PI GENEVA 4 PA 78 AVE ROSERALE, 1211 GENEVA 4, SWITZERLAND SN 0378-7966 J9 EUR J DRUG METAB PH JI Eur. J. Drug Metabol. Pharmacokinet. PD JUL-SEP PY 1999 VL 24 IS 3 BP 213 EP 223 PG 11 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 280QA UT WOS:000085112400004 PM 10716059 ER PT J AU Taylor, RR Zeller, J Lieberman, RW O'Connor, DM AF Taylor, RR Zeller, J Lieberman, RW O'Connor, DM TI An analysis of two versus three grades for endometrial carcinoma SO GYNECOLOGIC ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GYNECOLOGIC-ONCOLOGY-GROUP; STAGE; CANCER AB Introduction. The current grading of uterine endometrioid adenocarcinoma utilizes a three-grade system based on the amount of nonsquamous solid histologic architecture. Of these three grades, we questioned the practical clinical utility of the intermediate grade. Methods. We retrospectively reviewed endometrial biopsy and uterine histology specimens, quantifying the percentage amount of nonsquamous solid tumor by intervals of 10. We then compared these percentage values to other histopathologic prognostic variables. Results. Eighty-five Stage I and II endometrioid adenocarcinoma patients had their preoperative endometrial curettings and operative hysterectomy pathology reviewed independently by two gynecologic pathologists for surgical staging and outcome with a mean follow-up of 6 pears. Using a two-tiered system for assessing uterine tumor grade with a delineating value of 20% nonsquamous solid tumor, we found less interobserver variation (kappa = 0.966) compared to the current three-tiered grading system (kappa = 0.526), There were no differences between the two- and three-tiered grading systems regarding myometrial invasion, lymph vascular space invasion, and survival. In the diagnosis of endometrial biopsies, the two-tiered system also improved the prediction of uterine histology grade over the three-tiered system, 90 and 63%, respectively. Conclusion. A two-grade architecture system with a delineation value of 20% would be more reliable and less cumbersome and would have the same or better prognostic significance as the currently used three-grade system. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept OB GYN, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Univ Louisville, Dept Pathol, Louisville, KY USA. RP Taylor, RR (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept OB GYN, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 13 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0090-8258 J9 GYNECOL ONCOL JI Gynecol. Oncol. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 74 IS 1 BP 3 EP 6 DI 10.1006/gyno.1999.5422 PG 4 WC Oncology; Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Oncology; Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 217CX UT WOS:000081483200002 PM 10385544 ER PT J AU Corson, MS Macker, JP Cirincione, GH AF Corson, MS Macker, JP Cirincione, GH TI Internet-based mobile ad hoc networking SO IEEE INTERNET COMPUTING LA English DT Article AB Internet-based mobile ad hoc networking is an emerging technology that supports self-organizing, mobile networking infrastructures. The technology enables an autonomous system of mobile nodes, which can operate in isolation or be connected to the greater Internet. Mobile ad hoc networks (Manets) are designed to operate in widely varying environments, from forward-deployed military Manets with hundreds of nodes per mobile domain to applications of low-power sensor networks and other embedded systems. Before Manet technology can be easily deployed, however, improvements must be made in such areas as high-capacity wireless technologies, address and location management, interoperability and security. The authors give an overview of Manet technology and current IETF efforts reward producing routing and interface definition standards that support it within the IP suite. C1 Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USA, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Corson, MS (reprint author), Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI WANG, HUAN/A-1155-2009 NR 5 TC 48 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1089-7801 J9 IEEE INTERNET COMPUT JI IEEE Internet Comput. PD JUL-AUG PY 1999 VL 3 IS 4 BP 63 EP + DI 10.1109/4236.780962 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 222AY UT WOS:000081761100015 ER PT J AU Voas, J AF Voas, J TI Certification: Reducing the hidden costs of poor quality SO IEEE SOFTWARE LA English DT Editorial Material AB Software development is increasingly an "acquire and glue" process. How do you know:when you: can trust a COTS component to do what you expect it to in your system?. Software certification is one viable answer. If our industry doesn't act soon to police itself, governments might step in to fill that void. C1 Reliable Software Technol, Sterling, VA 22170 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. USA, Washington, DC USA. RP Voas, J (reprint author), Reliable Software Technol, Sterling, VA 22170 USA. NR 2 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0740-7459 J9 IEEE SOFTWARE JI IEEE Softw. PD JUL-AUG PY 1999 VL 16 IS 4 BP 22 EP 25 DI 10.1109/MS.1999.776944 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 215ML UT WOS:000081385400012 ER PT J AU Voas, J AF Voas, J TI Certifying software for high-assurance environments SO IEEE SOFTWARE LA English DT Article AB Not all software systems are created equal or alike, particularly with the increase in COTS and reuseable components. Jeffrey Voas proposes a strategy for certifying software in specific operational environments. C1 Reliable Software Technol, Dulles, VA 20166 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. USA, Washington, DC USA. RP Voas, J (reprint author), Reliable Software Technol, Suite 400,21351 Ridgetop Circle, Dulles, VA 20166 USA. NR 12 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0740-7459 J9 IEEE SOFTWARE JI IEEE Softw. PD JUL-AUG PY 1999 VL 16 IS 4 BP 48 EP 54 DI 10.1109/52.776948 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 215ML UT WOS:000081385400016 ER PT J AU Kapoor, R Banerjee, A Tsihrintzis, GA Nandhakumar, N AF Kapoor, R Banerjee, A Tsihrintzis, GA Nandhakumar, N TI UWB radar detection of targets in foliage using alpha-stable clutter models SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID K-DISTRIBUTED CLUTTER; SEA-CLUTTER; PARAMETERS; PERFORMANCE; NOISE AB We address the problem of detection of targets obscured by a forest canopy using an ultrawideband (UWB) radar. The forest clutter observed in the radar imagery is a highly impulsive random process that is more accurately modeled with the recently proposed class of alpha-stable processes as compared with Gaussian, Weibull, and K-distribution models. With this more accurate model, segmentation is performed on the imagery into forest and clear regions. Further, a region-adaptive symmetric alpha stable (S alpha S) constant false-alarm rate (CFAR) detector Is introduced and its performance is compared with the Weibull and Gaussian CFAR detectors. The results on real data show that the S alpha S CFAR performs better than the Weibull and Gaussian CFAR detectors in detecting obscured targets. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Elect Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Elect Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. RP Kapoor, R (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, MS,SE,RU, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 43 TC 39 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 35 IS 3 BP 819 EP 834 DI 10.1109/7.784054 PG 16 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 227YC UT WOS:000082106700005 ER PT J AU Tentzeris, EM Robertson, RL Harvey, JF Katehi, LPB AF Tentzeris, EM Robertson, RL Harvey, JF Katehi, LPB TI Stability and dispersion analysis of Battle-Lemarie-based MRTD schemes SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article AB The stability and dispersion performance of the recently developed Battle-Lemarie multiresolution time-domain schemes is investigated for different stencil sizes. The contribution of wavelets is enhanced and analytical expressions for the maximum allowable time step are derived. It is observed that larger stencils decrease the numerical phase error, making it significantly lower than finite-difference time domain for low and medium discretizations. The addition of wavelets further improves the dispersion performance for discretizations close to the Nyquist limit, though it decreases the value of the maximum time step, guaranteeing the stability of the scheme. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Radiat Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Army Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27009 USA. RP Tentzeris, EM (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NR 6 TC 49 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9480 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 47 IS 7 BP 1004 EP 1013 DI 10.1109/22.775432 PN 1 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 216YX UT WOS:000081473000006 ER PT J AU Hanson, JL Randall, VF Colston, SS AF Hanson, JL Randall, VF Colston, SS TI Parent advisors: Enhancing services for young children with special needs SO INFANTS AND YOUNG CHILDREN LA English DT Article DE advisors; collaboration; competencies; family-centered care; medical education; parents; professional education ID PHYSICIAN-PATIENT RELATIONSHIP; EARLY INTERVENTION; FAMILIES; CARE; ERA AB The insights of parents of children with special needs can enhance the system of services and professional education programs. In the military system of services for children with special needs, parents have participated in a variety of advisory activities, including writing competencies and developing teaching strategies for medical education. This article details the parent advisory process used to write competencies and develop teaching strategies for the medical school and includes recommendations for involving parents in successful advisory activities. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Educ Sect, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. USA, Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Inst Family Centered Care, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Hanson, JL (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Educ Sect, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASPEN PUBL INC PI FREDERICK PA 7201 MCKINNEY CIRCLE, FREDERICK, MD 21704 USA SN 0896-3746 J9 INFANT YOUNG CHILD JI Infants Young Child. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 12 IS 1 BP 17 EP 25 PG 9 WC Education, Special; Psychology, Developmental; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Psychology; Rehabilitation GA 212XH UT WOS:000081242600003 ER PT J AU Kurtis, JD Lanar, DE Opollo, M Duffy, PE AF Kurtis, JD Lanar, DE Opollo, M Duffy, PE TI Interleukin-10 responses to liver-stage antigen 1 predict human resistance to Plasmodium falciparum SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID SPOROZOITE SURFACE PROTEIN-2; T-LYMPHOCYTE RESPONSES; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN; DIFFERENTIATION FACTOR; INFECTED HEPATOCYTES; SEVERE MALARIA; WESTERN KENYA; BLOOD STAGES; IFN-GAMMA AB The design of an effective vaccine against Plasmodium falciparum, the most deadly malaria parasite of humans, requires a careful definition of the epitopes and the immune responses involved in protection. Liver-stage antigen 1 (LSA- 1) is specifically expressed during the hepatic stage of P. falciparum and elicits cellular and humoral immune responses in naturally exposed individuals. We report here that interleukin-10 (IL-10) production in response to LSA-1 predicts resistance to P. falciparum after eradication therapy. Resistance was not related to gamma interferon or tumor necrosis factor alpha production. This is the first report that human IL-10 responses are associated with resistance after eradication therapy, and our findings support the inclusion of LSA-1 in a vaccine against malaria. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. USA, Med Res Unit Kenya, Kisumu, Kenya. Kenya Med Res Inst, Kisumu, Kenya. RP Duffy, PE (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Room 2028,Bldg 40,14th & Dahlia St, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RI Lanar, David/B-3560-2011 NR 36 TC 66 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 67 IS 7 BP 3424 EP 3429 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 209RZ UT WOS:000081063800035 PM 10377122 ER PT J AU Coster, TS Hoge, CW Van de Verg, LL Hartman, AB Oaks, EV Venkatesan, MM Cohen, D Robin, G Fontaine-Thompson, A Sansonetti, PJ Hale, TL AF Coster, TS Hoge, CW Van de Verg, LL Hartman, AB Oaks, EV Venkatesan, MM Cohen, D Robin, G Fontaine-Thompson, A Sansonetti, PJ Hale, TL TI Vaccination against shigellosis with attenuated Shigella flexneri 2a strain SC602 SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID SONNEI VACCINE; IMMUNOGENICITY; EFFICACY; CONSTRUCTION; CANDIDATE; INFECTION; SAFETY; HUMANS; MODEL; VIRG AB The Shigella flexneri 2a SC602 vaccine candidate carries deletions of the plasmid-borne virulence gene icsA (mediating intra- and intercellular spread) and the chromosomal locus iuc (encoding aerobactin) (S. Barzu, A. Fontaine, P. J. Sansonetti, and A. Phalipon, Infect. Immun. 64:1190-1196, 1996). Dose selection studies showed that SC602 causes shigellosis in a majority of volunteers when 3 x 10(8) or 2 x 10(6) CFU are ingested. In contrast, a dose of 10(4) CFU was associated with transient fever or mild diarrhea in 2 of 15 volunteers. All volunteers receiving single doses of greater than or equal to 10(4) CFU excreted S. flexneri 2a, and this colonization induced significant antibody-secreting cell and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay responses against S. flexneri 2a lipopolysaccharide in two-thirds of the vaccinees. Seven volunteers who had been vaccinated 8 weeks earlier with a single dose of 104 CFU and 7 control subjects were challenged with 2 x 10(3) CFU of virulent S. flexneri 2a organisms. Six of the control volunteers developed shigellosis with fever and severe diarrhea or dysentery, while none of the vaccinees had fever, dysentery, or severe symptoms (P = 0.005). Three vaccinees experienced mild diarrhea, and these subjects had lower antibody titers than did the fully protected volunteers. Although the apparent window of safety is narrow, SC602 is the first example of an attenuated S. flexneri 2a candidate vaccine that provides protection against shigellosis in a stringent, human challenge model. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Enter Infect, Div Communicable Dis & Immunol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Med, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Inst Pasteur, U389 INSERM, Unite Pathogenie Microbienne Mol, F-75015 Paris, France. RP Hale, TL (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Enter Infect, Div Communicable Dis & Immunol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 37 TC 132 Z9 135 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 67 IS 7 BP 3437 EP 3443 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 209RZ UT WOS:000081063800037 PM 10377124 ER PT J AU Irish, JL Lillycrop, WJ AF Irish, JL Lillycrop, WJ TI Scanning laser mapping of the coastal zone: the SHOALS system SO ISPRS JOURNAL OF PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE hydrographic survey; lidar; remote sensing; Saco River; SHOALS AB The SHOALS system uses lidar technology to remotely measure bathymetry and topography in the coastal zone. During five years of survey operations, SHOALS has demonstrated airborne lidar bathymetry's benefits to the coastal community by providing a cost-effective tool for comprehensive assessment of coastal projects. This paper discusses the application of lidar technology for water-depth measurement, specifically outlining the SHOALS system and introducing a SHOALS survey from Saco River, ME. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USA, JALBTCX, Engineer Dist Mobile, Mobile, AL 36602 USA. RP Irish, JL (reprint author), USA, JALBTCX, Engineer Dist Mobile, 109 St Joseph St, Mobile, AL 36602 USA. OI Irish, Jennifer/0000-0002-2429-5953 NR 11 TC 108 Z9 109 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-2716 J9 ISPRS J PHOTOGRAMM JI ISPRS-J. Photogramm. Remote Sens. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 54 IS 2-3 BP 123 EP 129 DI 10.1016/S0924-2716(99)00003-9 PG 7 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 220PG UT WOS:000081673900008 ER PT J AU Smith, SA Montain, SJ Matott, RP Zientara, GP Jolesz, FA Fielding, RA AF Smith, SA Montain, SJ Matott, RP Zientara, GP Jolesz, FA Fielding, RA TI Effects of creatine supplementation on the energy cost of muscle contraction: a P-31-MRS study SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE muscle economy; phosphocreatine; skeletal muscle; magnetic resonance spectroscopy ID HUMAN SKELETAL-MUSCLE; ATP UTILIZATION; PHOSPHOCREATINE RESYNTHESIS; ISOMETRIC CONTRACTIONS; TETANIC CONTRACTIONS; REPEATED BOUTS; POWER OUTPUT; EXERCISE; METABOLISM; PERFORMANCE AB Five women and 3 men (29.8 +/- 1.4 yr) performed dynamic knee-extension exercise inside a magnetic resonance system (means +/- SE). Two trials were performed 7-14 days apart, consisting of a 4- to 5-min exhaustive exercise bout. To determine quadriceps cost of contraction, brief static and dynamic contractions were performed pre- and postexercise. P-31 spectra were used to determine pH and relative concentrations of P-i, phosphocreatine (PCr), and beta ATP. Subjects consumed 0.3 g.kg(-1).day(-1) of a placebo (trial 1) or creatine (trial 2) for 5 days before each trial. After creatine supplementation, resting Delta PCr increased from 40.7 +/- 1.8 to 46.6 +/- 1.1 mmol/kg (P = 0.04) and PCr during exercise declined from -29.6 +/- 2.4 to -34.1 +/- 2.8 mmol/kg (P = 0.02). Muscle static (Delta ATP/N) and dynamic (Delta ATP/J) costs of contraction were unaffected by creatine supplementation as well as were ATP, P-i, pH, PCr resynthesis rate, and muscle strength and endurance. Delta ATP/J and Delta ATP/N were greatest at the onset of the exercise protocol (P < 0.01). In summary, creatine supplementation increased muscle PCr concentration, which did not affect muscle ATP cost of contraction. C1 Boston Univ, Sargent Coll Hlth & Rehabil Sci, Dept Hlth Sci, Boston, MA 02215 USA. USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Radiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Smith, SA (reprint author), Belmont Univ, 1900 Belmont Blvd, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. NR 41 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 8750-7587 J9 J APPL PHYSIOL JI J. Appl. Physiol. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 87 IS 1 BP 116 EP 123 PG 8 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA 215HN UT WOS:000081376200016 PM 10409565 ER PT J AU Castellani, JW Young, AJ Kain, JE Sawka, MN AF Castellani, JW Young, AJ Kain, JE Sawka, MN TI Thermoregulatory responses to cold water at different times of day SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE circadian rhythm; immersion; norepinephrine; shivering; vasoconstriction ID BLOOD-FLOW; CIRCADIAN CHANGES; HYPOGLYCEMIA; TEMPERATURE; HYPOTHERMIA; INGESTION; EXERCISE; ARM AB This study examined how time of day affects thermoregulation during cold-water immersion (CWI). It was hypothesized that the shivering and vasoconstrictor responses to CWI would differ at 0700 vs. 1500 because of lower initial core temperatures (T-core) at 0700. Nine men were immersed (20 degrees C, 2 h) at 0700 and 1500 on 2 days. No differences (P > 0.05) between times were observed for metabolic heat production ((M) over dot, 150 W.m(-2)), heat flow (250 W.m(-2)), mean skin temperature ((T) over bar T-sk, 21 degrees C), and the mean body temperature-change in (M) over dot (Delta(M) over dot) relationship. Rectal temperature (T,,) was higher (P < 0.05) before (Delta = 0.4 degrees C) and throughout CWI during 1500. The change in T,, was greater (P < 0.05) at 1500 ( - 1.4 degrees C) vs. 0700 (-1.2 degrees C), likely because of the higher T-re-(T) over bar(sk) gradient (0.3 degrees C) at 1500. These data indicate that shivering and vasoconstriction are not affected by time of day. These observations raise the possibility that CWI may increase the risk of hypothermia in the early morning because of a lower initial T-core. C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Thermal & Mt Med Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Castellani, JW (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Thermal & Mt Med Div, 15 Kansas St, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 8750-7587 J9 J APPL PHYSIOL JI J. Appl. Physiol. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 87 IS 1 BP 243 EP 246 PG 4 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA 215HN UT WOS:000081376200032 PM 10409581 ER PT J AU Castellani, JW Young, AJ Kain, JE Rouse, A Sawka, MN AF Castellani, JW Young, AJ Kain, JE Rouse, A Sawka, MN TI Thermoregulation during cold exposure: effects of prior exercise SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE heat flow; hypothermia; shivering; thermal sensation; vasoconstriction ID WATER IMMERSION; HEAT-FLOW; RESPONSES; HYPOTHERMIA; HYPOGLYCEMIA; ANESTHESIA; BODY AB Thermoregulation during cold exposure: effects of prior exercise. J. Appl. Physiol. 87(1). 247-252, 1999.-This study examined whether acute exercise would imp; the body's capability to maintain thermal balance during a subsequent cold exposure. Ten men rested for 2 h during a standardized cold-air test (4.6 degrees C) after two treatments: 1) 60 min of cycle exercise (Ex) at 55% peak O-2 uptake and 2) par;sive heating (Heat). Ex was performed during a 35 degrees C water immersion (WI), and Heat was conducted during a 38.2 degrees C WI. The duration of Heat was individually adjusted (mean = 53 min) so that rectal temperature was similar at the end of WI in both Ex (38.2 degrees C) and Heat (38.1 degrees C). During the cold-air test after Ex, relative to Heat 1) rectal temperature was lower (P < 0.05) from minutes 40-120, 2) mean weighted heat flow was higher (P < 0.05), 3) insulation was lower (P ( 0.05), and 4) metabolic heat production was not different. These results suggest that prior physical exercise mag predispose a person to greater heat loss and to experience a larger decline in core temperature when subsequently exposed to cold air. The combination of exercise intensity and duration studied in these experiments did not fatigue the shivering response to cold exposure. C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Thermal & Mt Med Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Castellani, JW (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Thermal & Mt Med Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 31 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 5 U2 13 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 8750-7587 J9 J APPL PHYSIOL JI J. Appl. Physiol. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 87 IS 1 BP 247 EP 252 PG 6 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA 215HN UT WOS:000081376200033 PM 10409582 ER PT J AU Sasser, LB Cushing, JA Lindenmeier, CW Mellick, PW Dacre, JC AF Sasser, LB Cushing, JA Lindenmeier, CW Mellick, PW Dacre, JC TI Two-generation reproduction study of lewisite in rats SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE reproduction; lewisite; rats ID SUBCHRONIC TOXICITY EVALUATION; SULFUR MUSTARD AB Lewisite, a potent toxic vesicant and chemical warfare agent, is used in a number of research laboratories, is stored in large quantities at depot sites throughout the USA and is occasionally transported to distant sites. Thus, the potential for environmental or occupational exposure exists where lewisite is present. A 42-week two-generation study was conducted to determine the reproductive consequences of lewisite in parental male and female rats and their offspring. Rats were administered lewisite in sesame oil (0, 0.10, 0.25 or 0.60 mg kg(-1) day(-1) for 5 days a week) via intragastic intubation before mating, during mating and after mating until the birth of their offspring. The darns continued to receive lewisite during lactation. At weaning, male and female offspring of each group were selected to continue the study, receiving lewisite during adolescence, mating and throughout gestation and lactation. Lewisite had no adverse effect on reproduction performance, fertility or reproductive organ weights of male or female rats through two consecutive generations. No adverse effects to offspring were attributed to lewisite exposure. Minor changes in growth were the only maternal effects observed. Lewisite exposure of parental rats caused no gross or microscopic lesion in testes, epididymis, prostate, seminal vesicles, ovaries, uterus or vagina. The no-observable-effect level (NOEL) for the reproductive effects of Lewisite would be >0.60 mg kg(-1) day(-1). Copyright (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Mol Biosci Dept, Richland, WA 99352 USA. USA, Hlth Effects Res Div, Biomed Res & Dev Lab, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Sasser, LB (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Mol Biosci Dept, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0260-437X J9 J APPL TOXICOL JI J. Appl. Toxicol. PD JUL-AUG PY 1999 VL 19 IS 4 BP 229 EP 235 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1263(199907/08)19:4<229::AID-JAT565>3.0.CO;2-E PG 7 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 220UX UT WOS:000081686800002 PM 10439336 ER PT J AU Bowers, W Blaha, M Alkhyyat, A Sankovich, J Kohl, J Wong, G Patterson, D AF Bowers, W Blaha, M Alkhyyat, A Sankovich, J Kohl, J Wong, G Patterson, D TI Artificial human skin: cytokine, prostaglandin, Hsp70 and histological responses to heat exposure SO JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE keratinocytes; fibroblasts; IL-1-related proteins; heat injury ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; IL-1 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; NORMAL HUMAN KERATINOCYTES; PYROGENIC CYTOKINES; INTERLEUKIN-1; EXPRESSION; INDUCTION; RELEASE; FEVER; FIBROBLASTS AB Artificial human skin, Skin(2)(TM) (keratinocytes and fibroblasts) and EpiDerm(TM) (keratinocytes), was used to determine heat-induced release/accumulation of mediators of injury and repair. Skin(2) was exposed to 37 or 41-45 degrees C for 90 min, followed by 37 degrees C for 22.5 h. Media were analyzed for interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha), prostaglandin-E, (PGE), thromboxane-B-2 (TxB(2)) and nuclear matrix apparatus protein (NMAP, viability). Specimens were taken for microscopy. Media and lysates from Skin(2) and EpiDerm (37 and 45 degrees C) were analyzed for IL-1 alpha, its soluble receptor (sIL-1RII), receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and heat shock protein-70A (lysates only). Significant release of IL-1 alpha and PGE, was detected only above 43 degrees C, where viability deteriorated and histological damage (especially to keratinocytes) was observed. With both skin products, sIL-1RII release was heat-depressed. IL-1 alpha and IL-1Ra were elevated in media and IL-1Ra appeared to lower the bioactivity of IL-1 alpha. Heat depressed IL-6 release from Skin(2) fibroblasts. IL-6 production and release were negligible with EpiDerm. Heat increased Hsp-70A in both products. We conclude keratinocytes and fibroblasts are not primary cytokine and prostaglandin sources in heatstroke ( < 44 degrees C) but could be in evaporative cooling failure, focal hot spots, or systemic responses. Levels of IL-1Ra. PGE(2) and Hsp70A may be important markers of cell status. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Mil Nutr & Biochem Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. StressGen Biotechnol Corp, Victoria, BC V8Z 4B9, Canada. RP Blaha, M (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Mil Nutr & Biochem Div, Kansas St, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 29 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0923-1811 J9 J DERMATOL SCI JI J. Dermatol. Sci. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 20 IS 3 BP 172 EP 182 DI 10.1016/S0923-1811(98)00079-6 PG 11 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 207JH UT WOS:000080933400002 PM 10397388 ER PT J AU Owen, AK Daugherty, A Garrard, D Reynolds, HC Wright, RD AF Owen, AK Daugherty, A Garrard, D Reynolds, HC Wright, RD TI A parametric starting study of an axial-centrifugal gas turbine engine using a one-dimensional dynamic engine model and comparisons to experimental results: Part I - Model development and facility description SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition CY JUN 02-05, 1998 CL STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN AB A generic one-dimensional gas turbine engine model, developed at the Arnold Engineering Development Center, has been configured to represent the gas generator of a General Electric axial-centrifugal gas turbine engine in the six kg/sec airflow class. The model was calibrated against experimental test results for a variety of initial conditions to insure that the model accurately represented the engine over the range of test conditions of interest. These conditions included both assisted (with a starter motor) and unassisted (altitude windmill) starts. The model was then exercised to study a variety of engine configuration modifications designed to improve its starting characteristics, and, thus, quantify potential starting improvements for the next generation of gas turbine engines. This paper discusses the model development and describes the test facilities used to obtain the calibration data. The test matrix for the ground level testing is also presented. A companion paper presents the model calibration results and the results of the trade-off study. C1 NASA, USA, Vehicle Prop Directorate, Lewis Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. Sverdrup Technol Inc, AEDC Grp, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. GE, Lynn, MA 01910 USA. RP Owen, AK (reprint author), NASA, USA, Vehicle Prop Directorate, Lewis Res Ctr, MS 77-6,21000 Brookpk Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0742-4795 J9 J ENG GAS TURB POWER JI J. Eng. Gas. Turbines Power-Trans. ASME PD JUL PY 1999 VL 121 IS 3 BP 377 EP 383 DI 10.1115/1.2818484 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 220AB UT WOS:000081640500001 ER PT J AU Owen, AK Daugherty, A Garrard, D Reynolds, HC Wright, RD AF Owen, AK Daugherty, A Garrard, D Reynolds, HC Wright, RD TI A parametric starting study of an axial-centrifugal gas turbine engine using a one-dimensional dynamic engine model and comparisons to experimental results: Part II - Simulation calibration and trade-off study SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition CY JUN 02-05, 1998 CL STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN AB A generic one-dimensional gas turbine engine model, developed at the Arnold Engineering Development Center, has been configured to represent the gas generator of a General Electric axial-centrifugal gas turbine engine in the six-kg/sec airflow class. The model was calibrated against experimental test results for a variety of initial conditions to insure that the model accurately represented the engine over the range of test conditions of interest. These conditions included both assisted (with a starter motor) and unassisted (altitude windmill) starts. The model was then exercised to study a variety of engine configuration modifications designed to improve its starting characteristics and thus quantify potential starting improvements for the next generation of gas turbine engines. This paper presents the model calibration results and the results of the trade-off study. A companion paper discusses the model development and describes the test facilities used to obtain the calibration data. C1 NASA, USA, Vehicle Prop Directorate, Lewis Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. Sverdrup Technol Inc, AEDC Grp, Arnold AFB, TN 37389 USA. GE, Lynn, MA 01910 USA. RP Owen, AK (reprint author), NASA, USA, Vehicle Prop Directorate, Lewis Res Ctr, MS 77-6,21000 Brookpk Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0742-4795 J9 J ENG GAS TURB POWER JI J. Eng. Gas. Turbines Power-Trans. ASME PD JUL PY 1999 VL 121 IS 3 BP 384 EP 393 DI 10.1115/1.2818485 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 220AB UT WOS:000081640500002 ER PT J AU Finnie, J Donnell, B Letter, J Bernard, RS AF Finnie, J Donnell, B Letter, J Bernard, RS TI Secondary flow correction for depth-averaged flow calculations SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MECHANICS-ASCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th ASCE Engineering Mechanics Conference CY MAY 17-20, 1998 CL LA JOLLA, CALIFORNIA SP ASCE ID CURVED OPEN CHANNELS; BED TOPOGRAPHY; BENDS; MODEL AB A secondary flow correction has been added to the depth-averaged computer program, RMA2. The program solves a transport equation for streamwise vorticity and converts it to accelerations due to secondary currents. The inclusion of these additional accelerations results in improved predictions of depth-averaged velocity. In particular, their effect is to reduce depth-averaged velocities on the inside of curves and increase them on the outside of curves. The bendway correction has been tested on experimental data from the Riprap Test Facility at the U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station. C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Civil Engn, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Finnie, J (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Civil Engn, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. NR 24 TC 17 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA SN 0733-9399 J9 J ENG MECH-ASCE JI J. Eng. Mech.-ASCE PD JUL PY 1999 VL 125 IS 7 BP 848 EP 863 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(1999)125:7(848) PG 16 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 207PA UT WOS:000080944200015 ER PT J AU Hoshower, LM AF Hoshower, LM TI Dr. William R. Maples and the role of the consultants at the US Army Central Identification Laboratory, Hawaii SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 50th Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Forensic-Sciences CY FEB 13, 1998 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Acad Forens Sci DE forensic science; forensic anthropology; William R. Maples; consultants; US Army Central Identification Laboratory AB This paper discusses the history and role of the consultants at the U.S. Army Central Identification Laboratory, Hawaii (CILHI) and the many contributions made by Dr. William R. Maples as a CILHI consultant. For over eleven years Dr. Maples was a prominent and integral force at the CILHI. His involvement with the CILHI as a senior forensic anthropologist began in 1985. In 1986 Dr. Maples signed a contract with the U.S. Army to conduct on-going reviews of the CILHI. He was one of the original consultants and maintained this responsibility until his death. For a significant portion of his professional career Dr. Maples was dedicated to first improving and then maintaining the scientific integrity of the CILHI. The uncompromising ethical and scientific standards by which the Central Identification Laboratory operates today is a direct reflection of the years of input by Dr. William R. Maples. C1 USA, Cent Identificat Lab, Hickam AFB, HI USA. RP Hoshower, LM (reprint author), USA, Cent Identificat Lab, 310 Worchester Ave, Hickam AFB, HI USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 44 IS 4 BP 689 EP 691 PG 3 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 293AY UT WOS:000085830400007 ER PT J AU Ritchie, EC Huff, TG AF Ritchie, EC Huff, TG TI Psychiatric aspects of arsonists SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE forensic science; arson; forensic psychiatry; substance abuse ID FIRE SETTERS; FIRESETTERS AB Arson is a major source of property damage, injury and death in the United States. Many people who commit arson have extensive psychiatric histories and symptoms at the time of their fire-setting. However, traditionally the law enforcement community and the mental health community have not shared information about the characteristics of people who set fires. This study examined mental health records and/or prison fries from 283 arsonists. 90% of arsonists had recorded mental health histories, and of those 36% had the major mental illness of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. 64% were abusing alcohol or drugs at the time of their firesetting. Pyromania was only diagnosed in three of the 283 cases. Different motives for setting fires are discussed; many patients were both angry and delusional. A survey instrument, which captures both psychiatric and legal data, is included. Suggestions are made for gathering future "profiling" information. A matrix approach to coding diagnosis and behavior is presented. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Fed Bur Invest, Natl Ctr Anal Violent Crime, Quantico, VA USA. RP Ritchie, EC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Bldg 6, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 28 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 44 IS 4 BP 733 EP 740 PG 8 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 293AY UT WOS:000085830400017 PM 10432607 ER PT J AU Gessler, D Hall, B Spasojevic, M Holly, F Pourtaheri, H Raphelt, N AF Gessler, D Hall, B Spasojevic, M Holly, F Pourtaheri, H Raphelt, N TI Application of 3D mobile bed, hydrodynamic model SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; LOAD TRANSPORT AB The prediction of sediment erosion and deposition magnitudes has challenged many investigators. One- and two-dimensional sediment transport models are commonly used for predicting sediment scour and deposition. They are adequate for many engineering applications; however, for some problems, only a three-dimensional model should be used. A three-dimensional model is necessary for predicting sediment erosion and deposition whenever significant secondary currents exist, such as in river bends, crossings, distributaries, or diversions. In diversions, for example, the sediment load may not split in the same proportions as the flow. A three-dimensional model can be used to estimate the sediment split. This paper presents a description of the three-dimensional numerical model CH3D-SED and the governing equations for the model. The validation of the model and its application to the Deep Draft Navigation Project on the lower Mississippi River also are presented. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NW Hydraul Consultants, W Sacramento, CA 95691 USA. Univ Iowa, Iowa Inst Hydraul Res, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. US Corps Engrs, Waterways Expt Stn, New Orleans, LA 70160 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Gessler, D (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NR 15 TC 37 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 9 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD JUL PY 1999 VL 125 IS 7 BP 737 EP 749 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1999)125:7(737) PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 207JY UT WOS:000080934800009 ER PT J AU Foley, PM Lesher, RD AF Foley, PM Lesher, RD TI Simplified dynamic reliability models for hydraulic design - Discussion SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USA Corps Engineers, St Paul Dist, St Paul, MN 55101 USA. RP Foley, PM (reprint author), USA Corps Engineers, St Paul Dist, St Paul, MN 55101 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD JUL PY 1999 VL 125 IS 7 BP 791 EP 791 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1999)125:7(791) PG 1 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 207JY UT WOS:000080934800022 ER PT J AU Krakauer, T AF Krakauer, T TI Induction of CC chemokines in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells by staphylococcal exotoxins and its prevention by pentoxifylline SO JOURNAL OF LEUKOCYTE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE superantigens; beta chemokines ID SHOCK-SYNDROME TOXIN-1; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; HUMAN T-CELLS; COMPLEX CLASS-II; ENTEROTOXIN-A; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; GENE-EXPRESSION; FACTOR-ALPHA; HLA-DR; SUPERANTIGEN AB We investigated the inflammatory processes that might be associated with the arthrogenic activity of Staphylococcus aureus, the principal causative agent of bacterial arthritis. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were stimulated with the staphylococcal toxic shock, syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) or enterotoxin B (SEB) and the production of chemokines tvas examined. Both TSST-1 and SEE induced high levels (ng/mL) of MIP-1 alpha, MIP-1 beta, and MCP-1, The induction of these chemokines occurred mostly by direct stimulation of PBMC with staphylococcal exotoxins (SE), without requiring the intervention of IL-1 and TNF-alpha. The production of SE-induced chemokines was blocked partially by anti-DR and anti-CD2 antibodies. Cell separation revealed monocytes as the cell source of these chemokines, However, addition of purified T cells amplified the levels of chemokine produced, suggesting that cognate interaction of SE bound on antigen-presenting cells with T cells also contributes to chemokine production. The activation and recruitment of leukocytes by these chemokines may contribute to the pathophysiology of septic arthritis caused by staphylococci in humans through tissue injury and the recruitment of T lymphocytes, perhaps also initiating autoimmune responses. Pentoxifylline, an anti-inflammatory agent, completely inhibited the production of these chemokines. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Dept Immunol & Mol Biol, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Krakauer, T (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Dept Immunol & Mol Biol, Bldg 1425, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. NR 40 TC 40 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0741-5400 J9 J LEUKOCYTE BIOL JI J. Leukoc. Biol. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 66 IS 1 BP 158 EP 164 PG 7 WC Cell Biology; Hematology; Immunology SC Cell Biology; Hematology; Immunology GA 215YW UT WOS:000081413900021 PM 10411004 ER PT J AU Euliss, GW AF Euliss, GW TI Temporal characteristics and scaling considerations of multimode interference couplers SO JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE integrated optics; optical beam splitting; optical couplers; optical waveguide components; optical waveguides ID MULTIPLEXER; SPEED; ARRAY AB A mode propagation model is used to analyze the temporal response of a multimode interference (MMI) coupler. The response is characterized as a function of the splitting ratio so that the effects of architectural scaling can be predicted. Results are presented for a specific coupler design. The results indicate that an increase in aggregate bandwidth, defined as the combined bandwidth of the parallel output channels of the coupler, is accompanied by a decrease in coupled power and energy, The loss in efficiency is shown to be independent of whether the increase in aggregate bandwidth is produced by an increase in the splitting ratio or the signal bandwidth. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Euliss, GW (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 18 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0733-8724 J9 J LIGHTWAVE TECHNOL JI J. Lightwave Technol. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 17 IS 7 BP 1206 EP 1210 DI 10.1109/50.774256 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA 215HQ UT WOS:000081376500013 ER PT J AU Blauch, AJ Schiano, JL Ginsberg, MD AF Blauch, AJ Schiano, JL Ginsberg, MD TI Optimization of offset frequency in the SORC pulse sequence using feedback SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE LA English DT Article DE nuclear quadrupole resonance; strong off-resonant comb sequence; pulse parameter optimization; feedback control; gradient tuning ID NUCLEAR-QUADRUPOLE RESONANCE; NQR; NMR; SIGNALS; N-14 AB The low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of nuclear quadrupolar resonance measurements has motivated research on signal enhancement methods, including multipulse sequences that facilitate signal averaging, the development of interlaced pulse sequences, and super-Q coils. More recently, it has been shown that feedback can be used to automatically optimize pulse sequence parameters, maximizing the SNR, This paper extends this work by using feedback to optimize the offset frequency in the strong off-resonant comb pulse sequence. Analysis and results are presented for a sample of sodium nitrite at both liquid nitrogen and room temperatures. (C) 1999 Academic Press. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USA, Construct Engn Res Labs, Champaign, IL USA. RP Blauch, AJ (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, 227D Elect Engn W, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1090-7807 J9 J MAGN RESON JI J. Magn. Reson. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 139 IS 1 BP 139 EP 151 DI 10.1006/jmre.1999.1751 PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physics; Spectroscopy GA 217BX UT WOS:000081480600016 PM 10388593 ER PT J AU Kecskes, LJ Hall, IW AF Kecskes, LJ Hall, IW TI High-strain-rate response of hot-explosively consolidated W-Ti alloys SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID LOCALIZATION AB Disk-shaped, two-phase, full-density W-Ti alloy billets have been fabricated by a new, hot-explosive-compaction technique. As part of a characterization effort, the compressive behavior of the alloy was investigated. Quasistatic and split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) tests of cylindrical samples, taken from a 83W-17Ti at.% alloy billet, demonstrate the propensity of this material to fail via shear localization at high strain rates. The effects of strain rate, orientation of the matrix phase with respect to the direction of the SHPB compression, and spatial location within the billet (i.e., periphery or core) were evaluated. At quasistatic strain rates, the alloy deformed in a ductile mode and exhibited a definite spatial location sensitivity. At high strain rates, spatial location sensitivity was absent. Shear localization was unaffected by density variations, matrix orientation in the alloy, or the presence of coarsened substructural features in the matrix. These experiments and the microstructural characteristics of the resultant localized regions are discussed. C1 USA, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Mech Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Kecskes, LJ (reprint author), USA, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RI Kecskes, Laszlo/F-6880-2014 OI Kecskes, Laszlo/0000-0002-1342-3729 NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 14 IS 7 BP 2838 EP 2848 DI 10.1557/JMR.1999.0379 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 235PF UT WOS:000082550700020 ER PT J AU Turell, MJ AF Turell, MJ TI Vector competence of three Venezuelan mosquitoes (Diptera : Culicidae) for an epizootic IC strain of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aedes taeniorhynchus; mosquitoes; Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus; transmission ID VALLEY FEVER VIRUS; ENCEPHALOMYELITIS VIRUS; CULEX-PIPIENS; GUATEMALA; DISAPPEARANCE; AMERICA AB Experimental studies were undertaken to evaluate the vector competence of selected mosquito species [Aedes taeniorhynchus (Wiedemann), Culex declarator Dyar and Knab, and Mansonia titillans (Walker)] from northwestern Venezuela for the epizootic (IC) strain of Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) virus that was responsible for the 1995 outbreak of VEE in this area. Ae. taeniorhynchus was highly susceptible to infection (94% of 35), and 89% had a disseminated infection. Virus-exposed Ae. taeniorhynchus that refed on susceptible hamsters readily transmitted virus, confirming that this species was an efficient vector of VEE virus. In contrast, only 1 of 28 (4%) Cx. declarator was infected, and that individual did not develop a disseminated infection, Ma. titillans was moderately susceptible (3 of 8 infected, 38%), and 2 (25%) of these had a disseminated infection. These data indicate that Ae. taeniorhynchus was an important epizootic vector during the 1995 VEE outbreak in Columbia and Venezuela. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Turell, MJ (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, 1425 Porter St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 14 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 36 IS 4 BP 407 EP 409 PG 3 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 219HL UT WOS:000081601800001 PM 10467764 ER PT J AU Frances, SP Watcharapichat, P Phulsuksombati, D Tanskul, P AF Frances, SP Watcharapichat, P Phulsuksombati, D Tanskul, P TI Occurrence of Orientia tsutsugamushi in chiggers (Acari : Trombiculidae) and small animals in an orchard near Bangkok, Thailand SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Orientia tsutsugamushi; scrub typhus; Trombiculidae; chiggers; small animals; Thailand AB The ecology of Orientia tsutsugamushi (Hayashi) was studied in chiggers and small animals in an orchard near Bangkok, Thailand. Small animals were trapped monthly between July and November 1992 and examined for the presence of O. tsutsugamushi and ectoparasitic chiggers. A total of 40 Rattus rattus (L.) and 16 Tupaia glis (Diard) was trapped. O. tsutsugamushi was isolated from liver and spleen samples of 30.8% of R. rattus and 18.6% of T. glis. Antibodies to O. tsutsugamushi were detected in 95% of R. rattus, and IgG antibodies persisted for up to 10 mo after removing rats from potential reinfection in the field. A total of 1,133 chiggers was identified and examined for the presence of O. tsutsugamushi using a direct fluorescent antibody test, and 2.6% Leptotrombidium deliense Walch, 5.1% Aschoshoengastia indica Hirst, 2.6% A. (Laurentella) sp. #2 and 0.9% A. (Laurentella) sp. #4 were infected, Forty-four pools of chiggers from these animals were triturated and injected into mice. Seven pools were obtained from T. glis and 1 was positive for O. tsutsugamushi, and 3 of 37 pools from R. rattus were positive. A proportion of the engorged chiggers collected was reared to the adult stage, and the progeny of these adults tested for the presence of O. tsutsugamushi. The progeny of 186 females was tested, and the progeny of 2 L. deliense was found to be naturally infected with O. tsutsugamushi. C1 Australian Army Malaria Inst, Enoggera, Qld 4052, Australia. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, USA Med Component, Dept Entomol, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Royal Thai Component, Dept Vet Med, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. RP Frances, SP (reprint author), Australian Army Malaria Inst, Gallipoli Barracks, Enoggera, Qld 4052, Australia. NR 26 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 36 IS 4 BP 449 EP 453 PG 5 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 219HL UT WOS:000081601800008 PM 10467771 ER PT J AU Mauer, DJ Rowley, WA AF Mauer, DJ Rowley, WA TI Attraction of Culex pipiens pipiens (Diptera : Culicidae) to flower volatiles SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Culex pipiens; mosquito; attractant; flower; volatile; olfactometer ID AEDES-AEGYPTI DIPTERA; FLORAL NECTAR SOURCES; MOSQUITOS; 1-OCTEN-3-OL; SOLLICITANS; LOCATION; SEEKING; SUGAR AB Methylene chloride extracts of flowers from 4 plants (common milkweed, Asclepias syriaca L.; ox-eye daisy, Leucanthemum vulgare Lamarck; Canada goldenrod, Solidago canadensis L.; and yarrow, Achillea millefolium L.) were tested in a dual-port olfactometer for attractiveness to female northern house mosquitoes, Culex pipiens pipiens L. Fifty milligrams of extract was used for each test, which was equivalent to the amount of extract from flowers of 0.58 common milkweed inflorescences, 1.75 ox-eye daisy newer heads, 0.33 Canada goldenrod plants, or 3.14 yarrow plants. Significantly more Cx. pipiens responded to the common milkweed flower extract than to a control. Ox-eye daisy, Canada goldenrod and yarrow newer extracts were not significantly attractive to this species. A headspace sample of the common milkweed extract was collected by solid phase micro-extraction and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The most abundant compounds in the headspace sample were 2-phenylethanol and benzyl alcohol. Analysis of the common milkweed extract and standards of 2-phenylethanol and benzyl alcohol L? gas chromatography-flame ionization detection confirmed that these compounds were present in the extract. Cx. pipiens did not respond to synthetic blends of these 2 compounds when tested ill a dual-port olfactometer. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Mauer, DJ (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Defense Pest Management Informat Anal Ctr, Armed Forces Pest Management Board, Forest Glen Sect, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 22 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 21 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 36 IS 4 BP 503 EP 507 PG 5 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 219HL UT WOS:000081601800017 PM 10467780 ER PT J AU Crane, CC AF Crane, CC TI The air campaign: John Warden and the classical airpower theorists SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Crane, CC (reprint author), US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 63 IS 3 BP 760 EP 761 DI 10.2307/120543 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 210YP UT WOS:000081133400053 ER PT J AU Sibilia, C Scalora, M Centini, M Bertolotti, M Bloemer, MJ Bowden, CM AF Sibilia, C Scalora, M Centini, M Bertolotti, M Bloemer, MJ Bowden, CM TI Electromagnetic properties of periodic and quasi-periodic one-dimensional, metallo-dielectric photonic band gap structures SO JOURNAL OF OPTICS A-PURE AND APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT EOS Topical Meeting on Electromagnetic Optics CY SEP 07-09, 1998 CL HYERES PALMIERS, FRANCE DE optics; optical filters; photonic bandgap ID PULSE-PROPAGATION; MODE DENSITY; LOCALIZATION; EMISSION; SURFACES; FINITE; LIGHT AB We discuss some of the electromagnetic properties of one-dimensional, metallo-dielectric photonic band gap structures. In our considerations, we include discussions of the transmissive and reflective properties of multilayer stacks, and the density of electromagnetic held modes for the structure. In particular, we highlight and contrast the role of quasi-periodic structures with respect to periodic structures, in the form of Canter Fibonacci sets, and a 'chirped' set. C1 Univ Rome La Sapienza, Dipartimento Energet, I-00161 Rome, Italy. USA, Aviat & Missile Command, Weapons Sci Directorate, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Sibilia, C (reprint author), Univ Rome La Sapienza, Dipartimento Energet, Via Scarpa 16, I-00161 Rome, Italy. OI CENTINI, MARCO/0000-0003-0625-0054 NR 15 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1464-4258 J9 J OPT A-PURE APPL OP JI J. Opt. A-Pure Appl. Opt. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 1 IS 4 BP 490 EP 494 DI 10.1088/1464-4258/1/4/313 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 225UT UT WOS:000081984000014 ER PT J AU Catherino, HA Burgel, JF Rusek, A Feres, F AF Catherino, HA Burgel, JF Rusek, A Feres, F TI Modelling and simulation of lead-acid battery charging SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Power Sources Symposium on Research amd Development in Non-Mechanical Electrical Power Sources CY MAY 10-12, 1999 CL BRIGHTON, ENGLAND SP AEA Technol Batteries, Batteries Int, Battery Power Prod Technol, Brittania Refined Metals Ltd, BTR Power Syst, Hawker Batteries Grp Ltd, SAFT-NIFE, Missiles Space Batteries Ltd, Ultralife Batteries, Varta Ltd, Yardney Tech Prod DE lead-acid batteries; maintenance free; mathematical modelling; charging techniques AB The renewed interest by the US Army in lead-acid SLI battery charging was spurred by the recent shift to Army-wide use of 'maintenance free' batteries. Although the use of calcium-grid construction reduces the need for periodic water additions, using battery maintainers for extended float charging may cause an even greater problem. By charging at constant voltage, the batteries can slowly lose water if the charging is performed in the absence of suitable temperature compensation. This uncontrolled water loss is of particular significance in those batteries that do not permit access to the electrolyte. In this study, charging curves measured at constant current were obtained over a range of temperatures. The curves were modelled analytically by combining the individual effects of battery charging and gassing. The modelled results were compared with the actual measurements. The model is given as a semi-empirical equation in closed form. With this equation, the response surface is displayed graphically to visualize the effect of changes in critical variables. The results of the investigation will help determine the best charging conditions for the regular and float charging modes in order to deliver the maximum charge without excessive gassing, (C) 1999 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Tank Automot & Armaments Command, Warren, MI 48397 USA. Oakland Univ, Dept Elect & Syst Engn, Rochester, MI 48063 USA. Exide Corp, Auburn Hills, MI 48321 USA. RP Catherino, HA (reprint author), USA, Tank Automot & Armaments Command, Warren, MI 48397 USA. NR 2 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD JUL-AUG PY 1999 VL 80 IS 1-2 BP 17 EP 20 DI 10.1016/S0378-7753(98)00248-1 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 207MJ UT WOS:000080940400006 ER PT J AU Chu, D Jiang, RZ AF Chu, D Jiang, RZ TI Comparative studies of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell stack and single cell SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Power Sources Symposium on Research amd Development in Non-Mechanical Electrical Power Sources CY MAY 10-12, 1999 CL BRIGHTON, ENGLAND SP AEA Technol Batteries, Batteries Int, Battery Power Prod Technol, Brittania Refined Metals Ltd, BTR Power Syst, Hawker Batteries Grp Ltd, SAFT-NIFE, Missiles Space Batteries Ltd, Ultralife Batteries, Varta Ltd, Yardney Tech Prod DE fuel cells; polymer electrolyte membrane ID PERFORMANCE AB The polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) was investigated comparatively as a single cell and a 30-cell stack. Various types of Nafion membranes, such as Nafion 117, 115, 112 and 105, were tested as electrolyte within the single cell and at different temperatures, among which Nafion 112 gave the optimal result. The 30-cell stack was evaluated at different humidities and temperatures. The potential-current and power-current curves, both for single cell and the stack, were analyzed by computer simulation, whereby the kinetic and mass-transfer parameters were calculated. The long-term performance of the stack and the water production during long-term operation were also measured. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 USA Res Lab, Electrochem Branch, Sensor & Elect Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Chu, D (reprint author), USA Res Lab, Electrochem Branch, Sensor & Elect Devices Directorate, Mail Stop AMSRL-SE-DC, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 14 TC 73 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD JUL-AUG PY 1999 VL 80 IS 1-2 BP 226 EP 234 DI 10.1016/S0378-7753(98)00263-8 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 207MJ UT WOS:000080940400039 ER PT J AU Salkind, AJ Fennie, C Singh, P Atwater, T Reisner, DE AF Salkind, AJ Fennie, C Singh, P Atwater, T Reisner, DE TI Determination of state-of-charge and state-of-health of batteries by fuzzy logic methodology SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Power Sources Symposium on Research amd Development in Non-Mechanical Electrical Power Sources CY MAY 10-12, 1999 CL BRIGHTON, ENGLAND SP AEA Technol Batteries, Batteries Int, Battery Power Prod Technol, Brittania Refined Metals Ltd, BTR Power Syst, Hawker Batteries Grp Ltd, SAFT-NIFE, Missiles Space Batteries Ltd, Ultralife Batteries, Varta Ltd, Yardney Tech Prod DE state-of-charge monitors; impedance spectroscopy; lithium primary batteries sulfur dioxide; nickel metal hydride rechargeable batteries; mathematical modeling; fuzzy logic methodology ID IMPEDANCE SPECTRUM; SEALED CELLS AB A practical method of predicting state-of-charge (SOC) and state-of-health (SOH) of battery systems has been developed and tested for several systems. The method involves the use of fuzzy logic mathematics to analyze data obtained by impedance spectroscopy and/or coulomb counting techniques. Fuzzy logic provides a powerful means of modeling complex, non-linear systems without the need for explicit mathematical models. New detailed impedance date has been obtained on the discharge performance of primary lithium/sulfur dioxide cells. Earlier data, obtained by Rutgers co-workers on nickel/metal hydride and other systems, have been reviewed and re-interpreted using fuzzy logic methodology. Devices are being developed for several systems, which will predict the SOC and SOH of batteries without the need to know their previous discharge and/or cycling history. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 UMDNJ, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Coll Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. US Nanocorp, N Haven, CT 06473 USA. Villanova Univ, Villanova, PA 19085 USA. USA, CECOM, Ft Monmouth, NJ USA. RP Salkind, AJ (reprint author), UMDNJ, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. NR 22 TC 152 Z9 162 U1 3 U2 49 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD JUL-AUG PY 1999 VL 80 IS 1-2 BP 293 EP 300 DI 10.1016/S0378-7753(99)00079-8 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 207MJ UT WOS:000080940400050 ER PT J AU Evans, MD AF Evans, MD TI Developing undergraduate leaders through outreach projects SO JOURNAL OF PROFESSIONAL ISSUES IN ENGINEERING EDUCATION AND PRACTICE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Civil Engn, W Point, NY 10966 USA. RP Evans, MD (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Civil Engn, W Point, NY 10966 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA SN 1052-3928 J9 J PROF ISS ENG ED PR JI J. Prof. Issues Eng. Educ. Pract. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 125 IS 3 BP 69 EP 69 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)1052-3928(1999)125:3(69) PG 1 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA 209PP UT WOS:000081057200001 ER PT J AU Sopok, S O'Hara, P Pflegl, G Dunn, S Coats, D Nickerson, G AF Sopok, S O'Hara, P Pflegl, G Dunn, S Coats, D Nickerson, G TI Unified computer model for predicting thermochemical erosion in gun barrels SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE 31st Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit CY JUL 10-12, 1995 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP AIAA, ASME, SAE, ASEE AB A gun-barrel thermochemical erosion modeling code is presented. This modeling code provides the necessary missing element needed for developing a generalized gun-barrel erosion modeling code that can provide analysis and design information that is unattainable by experiment alone. At the current stage of code development, single-shot comparisons can be made of either the same gun wall material for different rounds or different gun wall materials for the same round. This complex computer analysis is based on rigorous scientific thermochemical erosion considerations that have been validated in the reentry nose tip and rocket nozzle community over the last 40 years. The 155 mm M203 Unicannon system example is used to illustrate the five module analyses for chromium and gun steel wall materials for the same round. The first two modules include the gun community interior ballistics (XNOVAKTC) and nonideal gas thermochemical equilibrium (BLAKE) codes. The last three modules, significantly modified for gun barrels, include the rocket community mass addition boundary layer (TDK/MABL), gas-wall chemistry (TDK/ODE), and wall material ablation conduction erosion (MACE) codes. These five module analyses provide recession, temperature, and heat-flux profiles for each material as a function of time and axial position. In addition, the output can be coupled to finite element cracking codes. At the peak heat load axial position, predicted single shot thermochemical wall erosion showed that both interfacial and exposed surface gun steel eroded more than 1x10(6) times faster than chromium. For chromium-plated gun steel, with its associated crack profile, it appears that interfacial gun steel degradation at the chromium crack walls leaves unsupported chromium, which is subsequently removed by the high speed gas flow. C1 USA, Benet Labs, Watervliet, NY 12189 USA. Software & Engn Assoc Inc, Carson, NV 89701 USA. RP Sopok, S (reprint author), USA, Benet Labs, Watervliet, NY 12189 USA. NR 54 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD JUL-AUG PY 1999 VL 15 IS 4 BP 601 EP 612 DI 10.2514/2.5469 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 217QY UT WOS:000081511500015 ER PT J AU Reddy, KR Donahue, M Saichek, RE Sasaoka, R AF Reddy, KR Donahue, M Saichek, RE Sasaoka, R TI Preliminary assessment of electrokinetic remediation of soil and sludge contaminated with mixed waste SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID REMOVAL; CHROMIUM AB In order to avoid the effects of complex soil composition or contaminant interaction, previous bench-scale electrokinetic experiments were generally performed using simplified conditions. An ideal soil such as kaolinite was often used, and testing was frequently restricted to an individual contaminant or a small group of contaminants. However, actual waste sites consist of soils that are usually quite different from kaolinite, and many sites are polluted by a large number of mixed contaminants. Therefore, this preliminary study was undertaken to assess electrokinetic performance on a site-specific field soil and a simulated sludge mixture containing mixed wastes in the form of metals, organic compounds, and radionuclides. Bench-scale experiments showed that the field soil had a high buffering capacity that resulted in high pH conditions throughout the soil, whereas the simulated sludge had a low buffering capacity that resulted in low pH conditions except near the cathode. The high pH conditions in the soil allowed the migration of anionic metallic contaminants, such as hexavalent chromium, but inhibited the migration of cationic metallic contaminants, such as cadmium. The low pH conditions in the sludge allowed simultaneous migration of both anionic and cationic contaminants in opposite directions, respectively, but the synergistic effects of co-contaminants retarded contaminant removal. The removal of organic compounds and radionuclides from both the soil and the sludge were achieved. However, additional research is warranted to systematically investigate the synergistic effects and the fate of different contaminants as well as to develop electrode-conditioning systems that enhance contaminant migration. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Civil Engn & Mech, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. Geosyntec Associates, Huntington Beach, CA USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Chicago, IL USA. RP Reddy, KR (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Civil Engn & Mech, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. RI Reddy, Krishna/B-7263-2009 OI Reddy, Krishna/0000-0002-6577-1151 NR 11 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 8 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 49 IS 7 BP 823 EP 830 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 218ZR UT WOS:000081582900008 PM 28060661 ER PT J AU Vorontsov, MA AF Vorontsov, MA TI Parallel image processing based on an evolution equation with anisotropic gain: integrated optoelectronic architectures SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC-TURBULENCE; ADAPTIVE-OPTICS; LIQUID-CRYSTAL; EDGE-DETECTION; ANISOPLANATISM; DIFFUSION AB Algorithms and integrated optoelectronic architectures for parallel image processing and adaptive optics applications are proposed and analyzed. Image processing is performed on the basis of an evolution equation with anisotropic gain that is introduced. The key components of the image-processing scheme are a coherent optical system for on-the-fly image-edge detection and an analog very Large scale integration system for parallel implementation of the evolution equation with anisotropic gain. Examples of video data processing for edge enhancement, imaging through turbulent media, depth estimation from visual data, and motion tracking are presented. (C) 1999 Optical Society of America [S0740-3232(99)01707-X]. C1 USA, Res Lab, Informat Sci & Technol Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Vorontsov, MA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL IS CI, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20723 USA. RI Tippie, Abbie/A-1106-2007 NR 37 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3232 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 16 IS 7 BP 1623 EP 1637 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.16.001623 PG 15 WC Optics SC Optics GA 212NP UT WOS:000081223300011 ER PT J AU Dastrup, B AF Dastrup, B TI The Chiricahua Apache prisoners of war: Fort Sill, 1894-1914 SO JOURNAL OF THE WEST LA English DT Book Review C1 US Army Field Artillery Sch, Ft Sill, OK USA. RP Dastrup, B (reprint author), US Army Field Artillery Sch, Ft Sill, OK USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU J WEST INC PI MANHATTAN PA P O BOX 1009 1531 YUMA, MANHATTAN, KS 66502 USA SN 0022-5169 J9 J WEST JI J. West PD JUL PY 1999 VL 38 IS 3 BP 97 EP 97 PG 1 WC History SC History GA 228MA UT WOS:000082139200050 ER PT J AU Dastrup, B AF Dastrup, B TI Massacre on the Lordsburg Road: A tragedy of the Apache Wars SO JOURNAL OF THE WEST LA English DT Book Review C1 US Army Field Artillery Sch, Ft Sill, OK USA. RP Dastrup, B (reprint author), US Army Field Artillery Sch, Ft Sill, OK USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU J WEST INC PI MANHATTAN PA P O BOX 1009 1531 YUMA, MANHATTAN, KS 66502 USA SN 0022-5169 J9 J WEST JI J. West PD JUL PY 1999 VL 38 IS 3 BP 97 EP 97 PG 1 WC History SC History GA 228MA UT WOS:000082139200049 ER PT J AU Zorn, BH Montgomery, H Pieper, K Gray, M Steers, WD AF Zorn, BH Montgomery, H Pieper, K Gray, M Steers, WD TI Urinary incontinence and depression SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE depression; urinary incontinence; serotonin ID STRESS-INCONTINENCE; WOMEN; INSTABILITY; SEROTONIN AB Purpose: Serotonergic neuronal systems have been implicated in anxiety and depression. Because descending serotonin pathways from the brain stem inhibit bladder contractions, we postulated that depression associated with altered serotonin function may predispose to urge incontinence. We demonstrate an association between depression and idiopathic urge incontinence. Materials and Methods: A total of 115 consecutive incontinent patients presenting to an incontinence clinic were compared to 80 continent controls. Patients were queried for a history of depression and completed a Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Cases were:classified by history and video urodynamics as genuine stress (36), urge (44) or mixed (35) incontinence. Results: A BDI of greater than 12 and/or a history of depression was noted in 30% of incontinent patients and 17% of controls (odds ratio 2.3, 95% confidence interval 1.0 to 5.0, p = 0.044). An abnormal BDI or history of depression was revealed in 60% of patients with idiopathic urge incontinence (p <0.001). Patients with stress or urge incontinence due to neuropathology or obstruction had no greater odds of having depression than, continent controls. Conclusions: These data suggest a strong association between depression and idiopathic urinary incontinence. This link may be due to altered serotonin function and may help explain the efficacy of serotonergic based antidepressants in the treatment of urge incontinence. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Urol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Univ Virginia, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Urol, Charlottesville, VA USA. Univ Virginia, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Gynecol & Hlth Evaluat Sci, Charlottesville, VA USA. RP Zorn, BH (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Urol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 13 TC 155 Z9 157 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 162 IS 1 BP 82 EP 84 DI 10.1097/00005392-199907000-00020 PG 3 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 204FP UT WOS:000080753700019 PM 10379745 ER PT J AU Thompson, IM Middleton, RG Optenberg, SA Austenfeld, MS Smalley, SR Cooner, WH Correa, RJ Miller, HC Oesterling, JE Resnick, MI Wasson, JH Roehrborn, CG AF Thompson, IM Middleton, RG Optenberg, SA Austenfeld, MS Smalley, SR Cooner, WH Correa, RJ Miller, HC Oesterling, JE Resnick, MI Wasson, JH Roehrborn, CG TI Have complication rates decreased after treatment for localized prostate cancer? SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE prostate; prostatectomy; radiotherapy; postoperative complications; meta-analysis ID RADICAL RETROPUBIC PROSTATECTOMY AB Purpose: The American Urological Association Prostate Cancer Clinical Guidelines Panel reviewed 12,501 publications on prostate cancer from 1955 to 1992 to determine whether the complication rates of external beam radiation therapy, interstitial radiotherapy and radical prostatectomy have decreased. Materials and Methods: Complications reported in at least 6 series, study duration and sample sizes were extracted. Year specific study weighted mean patient ages and complication rates were computed. Regression analysis was performed of the study year on weighted mean patient age and complication rate. Results: Study year had a significant effect on mean patient age and rate of the majority of complications examined. Data indicated a gradual increase in study patient age and a simultaneous decrease in complications from 1960 to 1990. Conclusions: Complication rates in the treatment of localized prostate cancer have decreased during the last 20 to 40 years. This decrease occurred despite evidence that the average age of treated patients had increased during the same period. C1 USA, Med Dept Ctr & Sch, Ctr Healthcare Educ & Studies, Dept Urol, San Antonio, TX USA. Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Div Urol, Dallas, TX USA. Therapeut Radiologists Inc, Kansas City, KS USA. Univ Utah, Dept Urol, Salt Lake City, UT USA. Univ Kansas, Med Ctr, Dept Urol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Urol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Univ Michigan, Div Urol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Michigan Prostate Inst, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Virginia Mason Clin, Dept Urol, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. George Washington Univ, Dept Urol, Washington, DC USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Urol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Dartmouth Med Sch, Prostate Patient Outcomes Res Team, Hanover, NH USA. RP Optenberg, SA (reprint author), AMEDDC&S, Ctr Healthcare Educ & Studies, 1608 Stanley Rd,Bldg 2268, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 11 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 162 IS 1 BP 107 EP 112 DI 10.1097/00005392-199907000-00026 PG 6 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 204FP UT WOS:000080753700025 PM 10379751 ER PT J AU Keister, JW Rowe, JE Kolodziej, JJ Niimi, H Tao, HS Madey, TE Lucovsky, G AF Keister, JW Rowe, JE Kolodziej, JJ Niimi, H Tao, HS Madey, TE Lucovsky, G TI Structure of ultrathin SiO2/Si(111) interfaces studied by photoelectron spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 45th International Symposium of the American-Vacuum-Society CY NOV 02-06, 1998 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP Amer Vacuum Soc ID CORE-LEVEL SHIFTS; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; SI-SIO2 INTERFACES; SI/SIO2 INTERFACE; GATE DIELECTRICS; OXIDE AB Device-grade ultrathin (9-22 Angstrom) films of silicon dioxide, prepared from crystalline silicon by remote-plasma oxidation, are studied by soft x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (SXPS). The 2p core-level spectra for silicon show evidence of five distinct states of Si, attributable to the five oxidation states of silicon between Si-0 (the Si substrate) and Si4+ (the thin SiO2 film). The relative binding energy shifts for peaks Si1+ through Si4+ (with respect to Si-0) are in agreement with earlier work. The relatively weaker signals found for the three intermediate states (I-1, I-2, and I-3) are attributed to silicon atoms at the abrupt interface between the thin SiO2 film and substrate. Estimates of the interface state density from these interface signals agree with the values reported earlier of similar to 2 monolayers (ML). The position and intensity of the five peaks are measured as a function of post-growth annealing temperature, crystal orientation, and exposure to He/N-2 plasma. We find that annealing produces more abrupt interfaces (by reducing the suboxide interface state density), but never more abrupt than similar to 1.5 monolayers. We observe a 15%-20% drop in the interface thickness (in particular the "Si2+" peak intensity) with increasing annealing:temperature. Somewhat different behavior is observed with small amounts of nitrogen in the SiO2 film where an apparent increase in interface state density is seen. A quantitative analysis is presented which explores the effects of these sample preparation parameters in terms of relative interface state density and modeling of the SXPS data. (C) 1999 American Vacuum Society. [S0734-2101(99)22704-2]. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Surface Modificat Lab, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. RP N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM jrowe@aro-emhl.army.mil NR 21 TC 86 Z9 86 U1 1 U2 15 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 EI 1520-8559 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD JUL-AUG PY 1999 VL 17 IS 4 BP 1250 EP 1257 DI 10.1116/1.581805 PN 1 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 217DX UT WOS:000081485700032 ER PT J AU Taylor, PJ Jesser, WA Martinka, M Singley, KM Dinan, JH Lareau, RT Wood, MC Clark, WW AF Taylor, PJ Jesser, WA Martinka, M Singley, KM Dinan, JH Lareau, RT Wood, MC Clark, WW TI Reduced carbon contaminant, low-temperature silicon substrate preparation for "defect-free" homoepitaxy SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 45th International Symposium of the American-Vacuum-Society CY NOV 02-06, 1998 CL BALTIMORE, MARYLAND SP Amer Vacuum Soc ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; ENERGY-LOSS-SPECTROSCOPY; HYDROGEN TERMINATION; SURFACES; SI(100); OXIDE AB A low-temperature cleaning technique incorporating an ultraviolet Light-ozone treatment with conventional hydrogen-passivation techniques is shown to yield a low concentration of surface contaminants: 0.01 monolayer. An additional advantage is that no ultrahigh vacuum prebaking treatments are required for substrates receiving this treatment prior to epitaxy. Epitaxial silicon layers deposited onto substrates receiving the present technique are characterized by a threading dislocation density on the order of 10(4)/cm(2) which is considerably lower than the 10(5)/cm(2)-10(6)/cm(2) order measured for films receiving more conventional preparation techniques. The results of this study suggest that aqueous solutions are a significant source of surface carbon and that residual carbon on the silicon surface before epitaxy contributes to the generation of threading dislocations in Si homoepitaxial films. (C) 1999 American Vacuum Society. [S0734-2101(99)14504-4]. C1 Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. USA, CECOM, Ctr Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Taylor, PJ (reprint author), MIT, Lincoln Lab, 244 Wood St, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. NR 26 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films PD JUL-AUG PY 1999 VL 17 IS 4 BP 1153 EP 1159 DI 10.1116/1.581789 PN 1 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 217DX UT WOS:000081485700015 ER PT J AU Wilson, RG Zavada, JM Cao, XA Singh, RK Pearton, SJ Guo, HJ Pennycock, SJ Fu, M Sekhar, JA Scarvepalli, V Shu, RJ Han, J Rieger, DJ Zolper, JC Abernathy, CR AF Wilson, RG Zavada, JM Cao, XA Singh, RK Pearton, SJ Guo, HJ Pennycock, SJ Fu, M Sekhar, JA Scarvepalli, V Shu, RJ Han, J Rieger, DJ Zolper, JC Abernathy, CR TI Redistribution and activation of implanted S, Se, Te, Be, Mg, and C in GaN SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 45th International Symposium of the American-Vacuum-Society CY NOV 02-06, 1998 CL BALTIMORE, MARYLAND SP Amer Vacuum Soc ID ION-IMPLANTATION; TEMPERATURE; DEFECTS AB A variety of different possible donor and acceptor impurities have been implanted into GaN and annealed up to 1450 degrees C. S+ and Te+ produce peak electron concentrations less than or equal to 5 X 10(18) cm(-3), well below that achievable with Si+. Mg produces p-type conductivity, but Be+- and C+- implanted samples remained n type. No redistribution was observed for any of the implanted species for 1450 degrees C annealing. Much more effective damage removal was achieved for 1400 degrees C annealing of high-dose (5 X 10(15) cm(-2)) Si+ implanted GaN, compared to the more commonly used 1100 degrees C annealing. (C) 1999 American Vacuum Society. [S0734-2101(99)01404-9]. C1 USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Micropyret Heaters Int Inc, Cincinnati, OH 45215 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films PD JUL-AUG PY 1999 VL 17 IS 4 BP 1226 EP 1229 DI 10.1116/1.581800 PN 1 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 217DX UT WOS:000081485700027 ER PT J AU Keister, JW Rowe, JE Kolodziej, JJ Niimi, H Madey, TE Lucovsky, G AF Keister, JW Rowe, JE Kolodziej, JJ Niimi, H Madey, TE Lucovsky, G TI Band offsets for ultrathin SiO2 and Si3N4 films on Si(111) and Si(100) from photoemission spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 26th Annual Conference on the Physics and Chemistry of Semiconductor Interfaces (PCSI 26) CY JAN 17-21, 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CA ID PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; GATE DIELECTRICS; INTERFACE AB High resolution soft x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy with synchrotron radiation is used to study the interfaces of SiO2/Si(111), SiO2/Si(100), Si(111)/Si3N4, and SiO2/Si3N4 for device-quality ultrathin gate oxides and nitrides. The thin oxides and nitrides were grown by remote plasma deposition at a temperature of 300 degrees C. Aftergrowth samples were further processed by rapid thermal annealing for 30 s at various temperatures from 700 to 950 degrees C. The Si(111)/Si3N4 samples were air exposed and formed a thin similar to 6 Angstrom SiO2 layer with a Si(2p) core-level shift of 3.9 eV, thus allowing us to study both the Si(111)/Si3N4 and SiO2/Si3N4 interfaces with a single type of sample. We obtain band offsets of 4.54+/-0.06 eV for SiO2/Si(111) and 4.35+/-0.06 eV for SiO2/Si(100) with film thicknesses in the range 8-1 Angstrom. The Si(111)/Si3N4 nitrides show 1.78+/-0.09 eV valence-band offset for 15-21 Angstrom films. This value agrees using the additivity relationship with our independent photoemission measurements of the nitride-oxide valence-band offset of 2.66+/-0.14 eV. However, we measure a substantially larger SiO2/Si3N4 Delta E-V value of 3.05 eV for thicker (similar to 60 Angstrom) films, and this indicates substantial differences in core-hole screening for films of different thickness due to additional silicon substrate screening in the thinner (15-21 Angstrom) films. (C) 1999 American Vacuum Society. [S0734-211X(99)08904-0]. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USA, Res Off, Div Phys, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Surface Modificat Lab, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM jkeister@unity.nesu.edu NR 15 TC 91 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 11 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JUL-AUG PY 1999 VL 17 IS 4 BP 1831 EP 1835 DI 10.1116/1.590834 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 227LW UT WOS:000082082700090 ER PT J AU Van Epps, HL Schmaljohn, CS Ennis, FA AF Van Epps, HL Schmaljohn, CS Ennis, FA TI Human memory cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte (CTL) responses to hantaan virus infection: Identification of virus-specific and cross-reactive CD8(+) CTL epitopes on nucleocapsid protein SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID HANTAVIRUS PULMONARY SYNDROME; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; RENAL SYNDROME; NEPHROPATHIA-EPIDEMICA; CELL CLONES; GENETIC-CHARACTERIZATION; S-GENOME; SUSCEPTIBILITY; IMMUNITY; DISEASE AB Hantaan virus, the prototypic member of the Hantavirus genus, causes hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in humans. We examined the human memory T-lymphocyte responses of three donors who had previous laboratory-acquired infections with Hantaan virus. We demonstrated virus-specific responses in bulk cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from all donors; Bulk T-cell responses were directed against either Hantaan virus nucleocapsid (N) or G1 protein, and these responses varied between donors. We established both CD4(+) and CD8(+) N-specific cell lines from two donors and CD4(+) G1-specific cell lines from a third donor. All CD8(+) cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) lines recognized one of two epitopes on the nucleocapsid protein: one epitope spanning amino acids 12 to 20 and the other spanning amino acids 421 to 429. The CTL lines specific for amino acids 12 to 20 were restricted by HLA B51, and those specific for amino acids 421 to 429 were restricted by HLA A1. The N-specific CTL lines isolated from these two donors included both Hantaan virus-specific CTLs and hantavirus cross-reactive CTLs. Responses to both epitopes are detectable in shortterm bulk cultures of PBMC from one donor, and precursor frequency analysis confirms that CTLs specific for these epitopes are present at relatively high precursor frequencies in the peripheral T-cell pool. These data suggest that infection with Hantaan virus results in the generation of CTL to limited epitopes on the nucleocapsid protein and that infection also results in the generation of cross-reactive T-cell responses to distantly related hantaviruses which cause the distinct hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. This is the first demonstration of human T-lymphocyte responses to Hantaan virus. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Med Ctr, Ctr Infect Dis & Vaccine Res, Worcester, MA 01655 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. RP Ennis, FA (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Med Ctr, Ctr Infect Dis & Vaccine Res, 55 Lake Ave N, Worcester, MA 01655 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI07349, AI39780, T32 AI007349] NR 53 TC 65 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 73 IS 7 BP 5301 EP 5308 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 205GT UT WOS:000080813500007 PM 10364276 ER PT J AU Maruyama, T Rodriguez, LL Jahrling, PB Sanchez, A Khan, AS Nichol, ST Peters, CJ Parren, PWHI Burton, DR AF Maruyama, T Rodriguez, LL Jahrling, PB Sanchez, A Khan, AS Nichol, ST Peters, CJ Parren, PWHI Burton, DR TI Ebola virus can be effectively neutralized by antibody produced in natural human infection SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; COMBINATORIAL LIBRARIES; VIRION GLYCOPROTEINS; IMMUNIZATION; PATHOGENS; MICE; GP AB The activity of antibodies against filoviruses is poorly understood but has important consequences for vaccine design and passive prophylaxis. To investigate this activity,. panel of recombinant human monoclonal antibodies to Ebola virus antigens was isolated from phage display libraries constructed from RNA from donors who recovered from infection in the 1995 Ebola virus outbreak in Kikwit, Democratic Republic of Congo. Antibodies reactive with nucleoprotein (NP), envelope glycoprotein (GP), and secreted envelope glycoprotein (sGP) were characterized by immunofluorescence and radioimmunoprecipitation assays. Four antibodies reacting strongly with sGP and weakly with GP and two antibodies reacting with NP were not neutralizing. An antibody specific for GP neutralized Ebola virus to 50% at 0.4 mu g/ml as the recombinant Fab fragment and to 50% at 0.3 mu g/ml (90% at 2.6 mu g/ml) as the corresponding whole immunoglobulin G1 molecule. The studies indicate that neutralizing antibodies are produced in infection by Ebola virus although probably at a relatively low frequency. The neutralizing antibody may be useful in vaccine design and as a prophylactic agent against Ebola virus infection. C1 Scripps Res Inst, Dept Immunol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Scripps Res Inst, Dept Mol Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Pathol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Burton, DR (reprint author), Scripps Res Inst, Dept Immunol, IMM2,10550 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. OI Parren, Paul/0000-0002-4365-3859 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI39808] NR 32 TC 156 Z9 165 U1 0 U2 22 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 73 IS 7 BP 6024 EP 6030 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA 205GT UT WOS:000080813500085 PM 10364354 ER PT J AU Zeichner, BC Perich, MJ AF Zeichner, BC Perich, MJ TI Laboratory testing of a lethal ovitrap for Aedes aegypti SO MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aedes aegypti; dengue vector; mosquito control; ovitrap; pyrethroids AB Laboratory tests were conducted to determine the feasibility of making the mosquito ovitrap lethal to Aedes aegypti (L.) when they attempt to oviposit in the trap. Heavy-weight velour paper strips (2.54 X 11 cm) were used as an alternative to the wooden paddle normally provided as a substrate for mosquito oviposition. The paper strips were pretreated with insecticide solutions and allowed to dry before being used in oviposition cups of 473 ml capacity, filled with water initially to within 2.5 cm of the brim. Insecticides chosen for their quick knockdown efficacy were bendiocarb 76% WP (1.06 mg a.i./strip) and four pyrethroids: permethrin 25% WP (0.16 mg a.i./strip), deltamethin 4.75% SC (0.87 mg a.i./strip), cypermethrin 40% WP (2.81 mg a.i./strip), and cyfluthrin 20% WP (0.57 mg a.i./strip). For experimental evaluation, two oviposition cups (one with an insecticide-treated strip and one with an untreated strip) were placed in cages (cubic 30 cm) with gravid female Ae. aegypti mosquitoes (aged 6-8 days) from a susceptible laboratory strain. Mortality-rates of female mosquitoes were 45% for bendiocarb, 47% for permethrin, 98% for deltamethrin, 100% for cypermethrin, and 100% for cyfluthrin. Young instar larvae added to the treated cups died within 2h. After water evaporation from the cups for 38 days, fresh mosquito females had access to previously submerged portions of the velour paper paddle, and mortality rates of 59% or more occurred. Cups that had water (360 ml) dripped into them, to simulate rain, produced female mosquito mortality rates of > 50% and all larvae died within 3h of being added. These tests demonstrate that the ovitrap can be made lethal to both adults and larvae by insecticidal treatment of the ovistrip. Field efficacy trials are underway in Brazil to access the impact of this simple, low-cost, environmentally benign approach on populations of the dengue vector Ae. aegypti. C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Zeichner, BC (reprint author), USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, 5158 Blackhawk Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 11 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 3 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-283X J9 MED VET ENTOMOL JI Med. Vet. Entomol. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 13 IS 3 BP 234 EP 238 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2915.1999.00192.x PG 5 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 241NF UT WOS:000082888900002 PM 10514047 ER PT J AU Taylor, DN Connor, BA Shlim, DR AF Taylor, DN Connor, BA Shlim, DR TI Chronic diarrhea in the returned traveler SO MEDICAL CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; INFLAMMATORY BOWEL-DISEASE; STATES-MILITARY PERSONNEL; PERSISTENT DIARRHEA; FOREIGN RESIDENTS; GIARDIA-LAMBLIA; ENTAMOEBA-HISTOLYTICA; BACTEROIDES-FRAGILIS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ISOSPORA-BELLI AB The persistence of gastrointestinal symptoms after travel to a developing country is one of the most common and troublesome posttravel illnesses. Few data exist to document the extent of this problem, but anecdotal examples abound among travel medicine practitioners, internists, and gastroenterologists. This article presents an approach to the patient with persistent gastrointestinal symptoms after travel. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Enter Infect, Div Communicable Dis & Immunol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Cornell Univ, Coll Med, Dept Med, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Travel Hlth Serv, New York, NY USA. Med Adv Travel, Kelly, WY USA. RP Taylor, DN (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Enter Infect, Div Communicable Dis & Immunol, 14th & Dahlia St, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RI Gough, Ethan/B-8633-2012 NR 81 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0025-7125 J9 MED CLIN N AM JI Med. Clin. N. Am. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 83 IS 4 BP 1033 EP + PG 21 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 224EG UT WOS:000081884000010 PM 10453262 ER PT J AU Waggener, RG Blough, MM Terry, JA Chen, D Lee, NE Zhang, S McDavid, WD AF Waggener, RG Blough, MM Terry, JA Chen, D Lee, NE Zhang, S McDavid, WD TI X-ray spectra estimation using attenuation measurements from 25 kVp to 18 MV SO MEDICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE spectra; attenuation curves; megavoltage; mammography; diagnostic ID MEASURED TRANSMISSION DATA; TRANSFORM PAIR MODEL; NUMERIC SYSTEM AF=T; BREMSSTRAHLUNG SPECTRA; DIRECT RESOLUTION; PHOTON SPECTRA; 6 MV; RECONSTRUCTION; SIMULATION; CURVES AB Attenuation measurements for primary x-ray spectra from 25 kVp to 18 MV were made using aluminum filters for all energies except for orthovoltage where copper filters were used. An iterative perturbation method, which utilized these measurements, was employed to derive the apparent x-ray spectrum. An initial spectrum or pre-spectrum was used to start the process. Each energy value of the pre-spectrum was perturbed positively and negatively, and an attenuation curve was calculated using the perturbed values. The value of x-rays in the given energy bin was chosen to minimize the difference between the measured and calculated transmission curves. The goal was to derive the minimum difference between the measured transmission curve and the calculated transmission curve using the derived x-ray spectrum. The method was found to yield useful information concerning the lower photon energy and the actual operating potential versus the nominal potential. Mammographic, diagnostic, orthovoltage, and megavoltage x-ray spectra up to 18 MV nominal were derived using this method. The method was Validated using attenuation curves from published literature. The method was also validated using attenuation curves calculated from published spectra. The attenuation curves were then used to derive the x-ray spectra. (C) 1999 American Association of Physicists in Medicine. [S0094-2405(99)00107-8]. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Radiol, Div Radiat Oncol, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Tulane Univ, Dept Radiol, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Radiat Oncol Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. S Texas Canc Therapy & Res Ctr, Dept Phys, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dent Diagnost Dept, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. RP Waggener, RG (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Radiol, Div Radiat Oncol, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. NR 45 TC 39 Z9 43 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0094-2405 J9 MED PHYS JI Med. Phys. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 26 IS 7 BP 1269 EP 1278 DI 10.1118/1.598622 PG 10 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 217TL UT WOS:000081515000014 PM 10435529 ER PT J AU Padderatz, AY AF Padderatz, AY TI Improving maternal and newborn nursing services in a military medical center SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB As military treatment facility leaders become more knowledgeable regarding apportionment of resources, decision making involving primary family member support services must be clear and concise. Continuing in its effort to meet the maternal and child health care expectations of its patients, a large military treatment facility command instituted several changes to consolidate its maternal and newborn services. This article presents findings and outcomes of actions taken in support of quality improvement and efficient use of budgetary resources to maximize patient satisfaction and bring about cost savings. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Nursing, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Padderatz, AY (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Nursing, 1 Jarrett White Rd, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 164 IS 7 BP 466 EP 470 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 215LV UT WOS:000081383900009 PM 10414059 ER PT J AU Clark, KL Mahmoud, RA Krauss, MR Kelley, PW Grubb, LK Ostroski, MR AF Clark, KL Mahmoud, RA Krauss, MR Kelley, PW Grubb, LK Ostroski, MR TI Reducing medical attrition: The role of the accession medical standards analysis and research activity SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB This paper illustrates how adding an epidemiologic perspective to medical accession policy development allows the Department of Defense to address unacceptably high rates of premature attrition, lost duty time, avoidable medical care costs, sick leave, disability, and various wasteful, inefficient practices. The Accession Medical Standards Analysis and Research Activity is a major new epidemiologic entity. Historically, military medical accession policy and waiver deliberations were based heavily on expert opinion. A common limitation of expert opinion is that although experience teaches much about individuals with certain conditions who develop problems, it does not teach about individuals with the same conditions who remain well. The Accession Medical Standards Analysis and Research Activity produces the analyses of epidemiologic data necessary for the joint personnel and medical flag-level Department of Defense Accessions Medical Standards Steering Committee to make evidence-based accession policy decisions. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Prevent Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Clark, KL (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Prevent Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 4 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 164 IS 7 BP 485 EP 487 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 215LV UT WOS:000081383900013 PM 10414063 ER PT J AU Kemmer, T Podojil, R Sweet, LE AF Kemmer, T Podojil, R Sweet, LE TI US army dietitians deploy in support of Cobra Gold: A humanitarian mission SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Dietitians are multifunctional and play an important role in humanitarian missions as educators, planners, and consultants. Three dietitians deployed to Thailand in support of the 16th Annual Joint and Combined Exercise, Cobra Gold 1997, The goal of the Medical Civic Assistance Program (MEDCAP) was to promote long-term public health improvements in rural Thai villages. The dietitians counseled 140 patients and taught an additional 5,300 individuals during nutrition classes. The primary nutrition-related clinical diagnoses included malnutrition, anemia, diabetes, hypertension, goiter, and poor appetite. The dietitian who deployed as the medical planner and MEDCAP executive officer facilitated coordination and planning for all phases of the MEDCAP operation. The teams were made up of U.S, and Thai military forces and Thai civilian medical personnel. The mission requirements were established with the Royal Thai Supreme Command, Thai governors, Ministry of Public Health officers, military and medical officers, and veterinarians of the three provinces. C1 USA, Med Dept Ctr & Sch, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Kemmer, T (reprint author), USA, Med Dept Ctr & Sch, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 164 IS 7 BP 488 EP 494 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 215LV UT WOS:000081383900014 PM 10414064 ER PT J AU Montain, SJ Latzka, WA Sawka, MN AF Montain, SJ Latzka, WA Sawka, MN TI Fluid replacement recommendations for training in hot weather SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HEAT AB The U.S, Army's fluid replacement guidelines emphasize fluid replacement during hot weather training to prevent degradation of performance and minimize the risk of heat injury. Little consideration has been given, however, to possible overhydration and development of mater intoxication. Sufficient epidemiological evidence is available to demonstrate an increasing incidence of water intoxication during military training. This article summarizes the development and validation of revised fluid replacement guidelines for hot weather training. The end product is an easy-to-read table that provides the user with the appropriate hourly work time and fluid intake to support work during hot weather training. The guidelines include the range of hot weather conditions likely to be encountered during military training and cover a broad range of military activities. It is expected that the revised guidelines mill sustain hydration and minimize the number of heat injuries during military training while protecting the soldier from becoming sick from overdrinking. C1 USA, Inst Environm Med, Thermal & Mt Med Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Montain, SJ (reprint author), USA, Inst Environm Med, Thermal & Mt Med Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 8 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 8 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 164 IS 7 BP 502 EP 508 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 215LV UT WOS:000081383900016 PM 10414066 ER PT J AU Glorioso, JE Batts, KB Ward, WS AF Glorioso, JE Batts, KB Ward, WS TI Military free fall training injuries SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PARACHUTING INJURIES; JUMPS AB Military free fall or HALO (high altitude-low opening) is a distinct form of tactical parachuting used by the elite forces of the U.S. military. This study was undertaken to examine the type, location, and mechanism of injuries sustained by the military HALO parachutist during training. A retrospective study identified 134 parachutists with 141 injuries attributed to HALO training. The most common injuries were fractures (35.5%) and sprains/strains (34.7%), The sites most commonly injured were the lower extremities (52.5%), upper extremities (19.8%), and spine (14.9%), Landing was the most frequently encountered mechanism of injury (61.2%), followed by ground free fall simulation (wind tunnel training) and canopy deployment. Night jumping, wearing of combat equipment, and use of oxygen during high-altitude jumps were all variables that contributed to injury, The military free fall parachutist is predisposed to a Ride array of musculoskeletal injuries at different training phases. C1 USA, Hlth Clin, Yuma Proving Ground, AZ 85365 USA. RP Glorioso, JE (reprint author), USA, Hlth Clin, Yuma Proving Ground, AZ 85365 USA. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 164 IS 7 BP 526 EP 530 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 215LV UT WOS:000081383900020 PM 10414070 ER PT J AU Irizarry, JM Graham, MH Cordts, PR AF Irizarry, JM Graham, MH Cordts, PR TI Use of a critical pathway to move laparoscopic cholecystectomy to the ambulatory surgery arena SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Critical pathways are being implemented in health care facilities across the nation as a cost-containment tool. When developed using best practice based on a literature review and the collaboration of a multidisciplinary team, critical pathways can be very successful in maintaining or increasing the quality of care while controlling the cost of the care provided. The Department of Defense Utilization Management Plan strongly encourages the use of pathways, Here we discuss the development and implementation of a critical pathway for laparoscopic cholecystectomy patients, with the goal being to transfer the medical care from the inpatient setting to the ambulatory surgery arena. The use of this pathway resulted in almost a 50% increase in patients treated in the ambulatory surgery arena. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Gen Surg Clin, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Irizarry, JM (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Gen Surg Clin, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 164 IS 7 BP 531 EP 534 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 215LV UT WOS:000081383900021 PM 10414071 ER PT J AU Jabbari, B Khajevi, K Rao, K AF Jabbari, B Khajevi, K Rao, K TI Medullary dystonia SO MOVEMENT DISORDERS LA English DT Article ID KINESIGENIC DYSTONIA; PAROXYSMAL DYSTONIA; MULTIPLE-SCLEROSIS; HEMORRHAGE; VERAPAMIL; MIDBRAIN; LESIONS C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Neurol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Neurosurg, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Jabbari, B (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Neurol, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0885-3185 J9 MOVEMENT DISORD JI Mov. Disord. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 14 IS 4 BP 698 EP 700 DI 10.1002/1531-8257(199907)14:4<698::AID-MDS1025>3.0.CO;2-Y PG 3 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 243LT UT WOS:000082999700025 PM 10435513 ER PT J AU Yoo, SH Sudarshan, TS Sethuram, K Subhash, G Dowding, RJ AF Yoo, SH Sudarshan, TS Sethuram, K Subhash, G Dowding, RJ TI Consolidation and high strain rate mechanical behavior of nanocrystalline tantalum powder SO NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Nanostructured Materials (NANO 98) CY JUN 14-19, 1998 CL STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SP Royal Inst Technol, Sweden, Swedish Consortium Clusters & Ultrafine Particles, Sweden, Royal Inst Technol, Brinell Ctr, Sweden, European Consortium Nanophase Mat, Switzerland, Acta Met Inc, USA, Alps Elect Co, Japan, Canon Ctr City, Sweden, Carl Tryggers Stiftelse, Sweden, Elsevier Sci Inc, Switzerland, Finnair, Finland, Off Naval Res ONR, USA, European Res Off US Army, USARDSD-UK, Swedish Nat Sci Res Council, NFR, Sweden, Swedish Res Council Engn Sci, TFR, Sweden, Swedish Nat Board Ind & Tech Dev (NUTEK), Swedish Royal Acad Sci, Nobel Comm Phys, Sweden, Swedish Royal Acad Sci, Nobel comm Chem, Sweden AB High ductility and strength exhibited in nanograined materials can potentially be exploited in explosively formed penetrator liner applications. Both coarse and nanocrystalline tantalum powder were consolidated by Plasma Pressure Compaction ((PC)-C-2) to study the effect of grain size on dynamic compression properties. The powders were consolidated rapidly with I minute of isothermal holding time to retain initial microstructure. The (PC)-C-2 consolidated specimens were cut by electric discharge machining (EDM), polished for SEM characterization and rested in dynamic compression using a Kolsky apparatus. The effect of grain size on yield stress and strain was investigated at various strain rates for a coarse grained and a nanograined specimen. Especially, the high strain rate response of nanocrystalline tantalum is discussed in this paper. (C) 1999 Acta Metallurgica Inc. C1 Mat Modificat Inc, Fairfax, VA 22031 USA. Michigan Technol Univ, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, WM,MD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Yoo, SH (reprint author), Mat Modificat Inc, 2929-P1 Eskridge Rd, Fairfax, VA 22031 USA. RI Dowding, Robert/F-1469-2015 OI Dowding, Robert/0000-0002-4763-2131 NR 5 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0965-9773 J9 NANOSTRUCT MATER JI Nanostruct. Mater. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 12 IS 1-4 SI SI BP 23 EP 28 DI 10.1016/S0965-9773(99)00059-8 PN A PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 224RM UT WOS:000081912100006 ER PT J AU Michael, NL Moore, JP AF Michael, NL Moore, JP TI HIV-1 entry inhibitors: Evading the issue SO NATURE MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; DISEASE PROGRESSION; PHENOTYPE; TYPE-1; CCR5; CORECEPTOR; INFECTION; CXCR4; SUPPRESSION; GENE C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Rockefeller Univ, Aaron Diamond AIDS Res Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USA. RP Michael, NL (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, 1600 E Gude Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. NR 24 TC 82 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATURE AMERICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1078-8956 J9 NAT MED JI Nat. Med. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 5 IS 7 BP 740 EP 742 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 224YB UT WOS:000081926600026 PM 10395316 ER PT J AU Daniel, JC Olesniewicz, MH Reeves, DL Tam, D Bleiberg, J Thatcher, R Salazar, A AF Daniel, JC Olesniewicz, MH Reeves, DL Tam, D Bleiberg, J Thatcher, R Salazar, A TI Repeated measures of cognitive processing efficiency in adolescent athletes: Implications for monitoring recovery from concussion SO NEUROPSYCHIATRY NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID MILD HEAD-INJURY; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT AB Objective: The objective of this study was to determine whether an adolescent athlete, in the absence of concussion, would be expected to show an improvement in cognitive function during the course of a high school football season. Background: At least 60,000 American high school football players suffer cerebral concussion every year, and symptoms may persist for 4 or more years in as many as 24%. Method: 34 members of a cohort of healthy athletes, aged 13-18, were administered a computerized neuropsychologic test battery from the Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (ANAM) before and after the 1997 high school football season, with a mean interval of 16.1 (range 12.3-20.4) weeks between tests. Preseason and postseason scores on eight tests were compared, with significance determined by paired t-test. For those tests in which an improvement was noted, one-way analysis of variance and Wilcoxon tests were used with both preseason and postseason data to determine if there was a measurable difference in cognitive processing efficiency between older and younger subjects. Results: Improvements in processing efficiency (p < 0.001) were noted on tests designed to measure visual scanning and sustained attention (CDS), immediate recall (CDI), and short-term memory (CDD). Older subjects generally performed better on each of these tests, though the difference was significant in only one case (postseason CDI, 17-18 year olds vs. 13-14 year olds, Wilcoxon, p = 0.043). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that ANAM is sensitive to differences and improvements in cognitive function during a 4 month interval in adolescence. They also suggest that using "return to baseline" cognitive function as the criterion for evidence of recovery from concussion may be insufficient, especially when the baseline measurement was obtained 4 or more months prior to the date of "full recovery." C1 USN, Med Ctr, Med Editing Div, Dept Clin Res, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Adolescent Med Div, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Family Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family & Prevent Med, Sch Med, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Child Neurol Div, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Natl Rehabil Hosp, Psychol Serv, Washington, DC USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Med Res & Dev Serv, Bay Pines, FL USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Def & Vet Head Injury Program, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Daniel, JC (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Med Editing Div, Dept Clin Res, Code AVA,34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 16 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 6 U2 10 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0894-878X J9 NEUROPSY NEUROPSY BE JI Neuropsychiatr. Neuropsychol. Behav. Neurol. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 12 IS 3 BP 167 EP 169 PG 3 WC Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry; Psychology GA 224LF UT WOS:000081900000005 PM 10456800 ER PT J AU Hines, JF Satin, AJ Browne, M Armstrong, AY Haffner, WHJ AF Hines, JF Satin, AJ Browne, M Armstrong, AY Haffner, WHJ TI Effect of residency program merger on undergraduate medical student education in obstetrics and gynecology SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Objective:To evaluate the effect of residency program merger on third-year medical student clerkships using student evaluations of their experiences and standardized subject examination scores. Methods: End-of-clerkship ratings from student evaluations and National Board of Medical Examiners standardized subject examination scores in obstetrics and gynecology were used from clerkship sites where three separate military residency programs in obstetrics and gynecology recently merged into two new programs. Mean student evaluation scores and subject examination scores for the year preceding and the year following the merger were compared. Results: The mean differences in medical student evaluation scores before and after merger of the residency programs were 0.1 (Mann-Whitney rank sum, P = .1), -0.1 (Mann-Whitney rank sum, P = .8), and 0.2 (Mann-Whitney rank sum, P = .3). The mean differences for subject examination scores before and after merger of the residency programs were -3.5 (95% confidence interval [CI] -33.2, 26.2; paired t test), -30.1 (95% CI -58.9, -1.4; paired t test), and -35.3 (95% CI -74.8, 4.3; paired t test). Conclusion: Merger of residency programs in obstetrics and gynecology does not appear to have a deleterious effect on medical students' satisfaction with the clerkship or their performance on standardized subject examinations at our institution. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Div Gynecol Oncol, Dept Obstet & Gynecol MCHE OG, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Hines, JF (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Div Gynecol Oncol, Dept Obstet & Gynecol MCHE OG, Bldg 3600,3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 94 IS 1 BP 144 EP 147 DI 10.1016/S0029-7844(98)00577-8 PG 4 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 208EV UT WOS:000080978300030 PM 10389737 ER PT J AU Moul, JW AF Moul, JW TI Rising PSA after local therapy failure: Immediate vs deferred treatment SO ONCOLOGY-NEW YORK LA English DT Article ID RADICAL RETROPUBIC PROSTATECTOMY; TERM FOLLOW-UP; CRYOSURGICAL ABLATION; DISEASE RECURRENCE; SALVAGE SURGERY; HIGH-RISK; CANCER; PROGRESSION; VARIABLES; RADIATION AB Patients whose only sign of recurrence after local therapy for prostate cancer is a rising prostate-specific antigen level (PSA-only recurrence) have become more common. We have developed two models to predict PSA-only recurrence after radical prostatectomy one using traditional factors (race, sigmoidal transformation of PSA, postoperative Gleason sum, non organ confinement) ann a second using traditional clinical and pathologic variables conbined with molecular biomarker levels. Treatment options for patients Ir with PSA-only recurrence include observation, radiation therapy for patients who have undergone surgery, salvage surgery or cryotherapy for patients who have received radiotherapy, ann traditional or nontraditional hormonal therapy. Radiation for PSA-only recurrence is likely to benefit men who have no adverse pathology, a low, PSA level at recurrence, ann PSA recurrence after the first year. Salvage radical prostatectomy and cryotherapy pose a relatively highly risk of incontinence and other morbidity and should be reserved for carefully selected patients with a high likelihood of organ-confined disease, Hormonal therapy is probably the single most beneficial treatment for PSA-only recurrence, Nontraditional low-dose oral hormonal therapy and intermittent hormonal therapy are gaining in popularity, although their long-term efficacy is unknown. More clinical trials are needed to fine-tune prognostic models and to determine the best treatments, alone or in combination, for PSA-only recurrence. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Ctr Prostate Dis Res, Dept Surg, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Serv Urol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Moul, JW (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Ctr Prostate Dis Res, Dept Surg, 1530 E Jefferson St, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. NR 31 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU P R R INC PI MELVILLE PA 48 SOUTH SERVICE RD, MELVILLE, NY 11747 USA SN 0890-9091 J9 ONCOLOGY-NY JI Oncology-NY PD JUL PY 1999 VL 13 IS 7 BP 985 EP + PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 392WD UT WOS:000166434800016 PM 10442345 ER PT J AU Bolger, WE Crawford, J Cockerham, KP AF Bolger, WE Crawford, J Cockerham, KP TI Retained stenting material - An unusual cause of dacryocystorhinostomy failure SO OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SURGERY; OBSTRUCTION; TUBES AB Objective: To highlight a troubling cause of dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) failure and to alert ophthalmologists to the potential problems that can result when stenting material is not removed and becomes retained after DCR. Design: Consecutive noncomparative case series. Participants: Twelve patients who underwent revision DCR from February 1994 to January 1997. Intervention: Endoscopic DCR, pre- and postoperative nasal endoscopy, preoperative computerized tomography (CT), and pre- and postoperative Jones testing. Results: Fourteen revision endoscopic procedures were performed on 12 patients with recurrent epiphora following DCR. Failure was due to retained stenting material in six patients, a small bony rhinostomy in three patients, excessive scar formation within the rhinostomy in two patients, and improper location of the rhinostomy in one patient. Preoperative endoscopy and CT scan each correctly identified the retained sponge or tubing in four of six patients. Conclusions: Fastening a small sponge to Silastic tubing and positioning it within the DCR site in an attempt to retard DCR stenosis can be associated with a poor outcome and should be avoided. The nasal endoscope provided excellent visualization of pathology within the lacrimal sac and was a valuable tool. Retained stenting material should be considered in patients with persistent epiphora following DCR or intubation prior to any decision to commit a patient to permanent Jones tube placement. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Ophthalmol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Bolger, WE (reprint author), Univ Penn Hlth Syst, Dept Otorhinolaryngol, 3400 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0161-6420 J9 OPHTHALMOLOGY JI Ophthalmology PD JUL PY 1999 VL 106 IS 7 BP 1306 EP 1309 DI 10.1016/S0161-6420(99)00714-9 PG 4 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 211QQ UT WOS:000081172400024 PM 10406611 ER PT J AU Mysliwiec, V Pina, JS AF Mysliwiec, V Pina, JS TI Bronchiectasis: the 'other' obstructive lung disease SO POSTGRADUATE MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Although antibiotics and immunizations have greatly reduced the incidence of bronchiectasis, this confounding and difficult-to treat condition continues to cause substantial morbidity. Clinical features overlap with those of other chronic obstructive lung diseases, and bronchiectasis can easily be mistaken for asthma or pneumonia, leading to years of inappropriate treatment. In this article, Drs Mysliwiec and Pina present an illustrative case report and review the pertinent features of this once-deadly condition. C1 USA, Med Corps, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Pina, JS (reprint author), Tripler Reg Med Ctr, Pulm & Crit Care Serv, Pulm Clin, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 14 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU MCGRAW HILL HEALTHCARE PUBLICATIONS PI MINNEAPOLIS PA 4530 WEST 77TH ST, MINNEAPOLIS, MN 55435-5000 USA SN 0032-5481 J9 POSTGRAD MED JI Postgrad. Med. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 106 IS 1 BP 123 EP + PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 214RU UT WOS:000081342000016 PM 10418580 ER PT J AU Russian, DA Andrawis-Sorial, V Goheen, MP Edman, JC Vogel, P Turner, RE Klivington, DL Angus, CW Kovacs, JA AF Russian, DA Andrawis-Sorial, V Goheen, MP Edman, JC Vogel, P Turner, RE Klivington, DL Angus, CW Kovacs, JA TI Characterization of a multicopy family of genes encoding a surface-expressed serine endoprotease in rat Pneumocystis carinii SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN PHYSICIANS LA English DT Article DE AIDS; antigenic variation; kexin; pneumonia; serine proteases; SPRT ID PRO-PROTEIN CONVERTASES; GLYCOPROTEIN GENES; PROHORMONE; ALIGNMENT; PROTEASES; VARIANTS AB A unique family of genes encoding serine endoproteases related to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae serine endoprotease kexin was identified in Pneumocystis carinii. Unlike previously described serine endoprotease genes that are single copies, multiple copies of the P. carinii serine endoprotease are distributed throughout the genome. The proteins predicted by these variant genes demonstrate sequence variability, but they retain the conserved active sites associated with endoprotease activity. The serine endoprotease was localized to the organism surface by immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence studies and to the electron lucent layer of the cyst wall by immunoelectron microscopy. The findings of multiple copies of the serine endoprotease gene in the P. carinii genome, and its localization to the cell surface, suggest that this protease plays an important role in the biology of P. carinii and that antigenic variation of the surface-expressed serine endoprotease may be a strategy for immune evasion. P. carinii serine endoprotease provides a novel target for chemotherapeutic and immune-based approaches to the treatment of P. carinii pneumonia. C1 NIH, Dept Crit Care Med, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Indiana Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Indianapolis, IN USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Lab Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Pathol, Frederick, MD USA. RP Kovacs, JA (reprint author), NIH, Dept Crit Care Med, Bldg 10,Room 7D43,MSC 1662, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 22 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 1081-650X J9 P ASSOC AM PHYSICIAN JI Proc. Assoc. Am. Phys. PD JUL-AUG PY 1999 VL 111 IS 4 BP 347 EP 356 DI 10.1046/j.1525-1381.1999.99118.x PG 10 WC Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC General & Internal Medicine; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 216MT UT WOS:000081447000012 PM 10417743 ER PT J AU Hughes, PR AF Hughes, PR TI When all else fails, read the instructions SO QUALITY PROGRESS LA English DT Letter C1 USA, Baton Rouge, LA USA. RP Hughes, PR (reprint author), USA, Baton Rouge, LA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC QUALITY CONTROL-ASQC PI MILWAUKEE PA ASQC MEMBERSHIP MANAGER 611 E. WISCONSIN AVENUE, MILWAUKEE, WI 53202 USA SN 0033-524X J9 QUAL PROG JI Qual. Prog. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 32 IS 7 BP 12 EP 12 PG 1 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial; Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 214GY UT WOS:000081321300007 ER PT J AU Menking, DE Emanuel, PA Valdes, JJ Kracke, SK AF Menking, DE Emanuel, PA Valdes, JJ Kracke, SK TI Rapid cleanup of bacterial DNA from field samples SO RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING LA English DT Article DE bacterial DNA; field samples; polymerase chain reaction ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; PCR AMPLIFICATION; SOIL; MICROORGANISMS; HYBRIDIZATION AB Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is an in vitro enzymatic, synthetic method used to amplify specific DNA sequences from organisms. Detection of target DNA using gene probes allows for absolute identification not only of specific organisms, but also of genetic material in recombinant organisms. A major challenge facing detection of DNA from field samples is that they are almost sure to contain impurities, especially impurities that inhibit amplification through PCR. For example, humic material even in quantities as small as 1 ng have been shown to inhibit PCR. DNA has been extracted from sewage/stool samples, food, sputum, water and sediment, and human DNA likewise is being extracted from sources as varied as forensic samples of blood, cigarette butts and human remains. However, multi-step, time consuming methods are required to isolate the DNA from the surrounding contamination. This research focuses on developing a method for rapid cleanup of DNA which combines extraction and purification of DNA while, at the same time, removing inhibitors from 'dirty samples' to produce purified, PCR-ready DNA. GeneReleaser(TM) produces PCR-ready DNA in a rapid 5-min protocol. We report here the rapid extraction/purification of plasmid DNA from recombinant Escherichia coli. GeneReleaser(TM), inhibitor and similar to 10(3) cfu recombinant E. coli containing a plasmid insert were added to PCR tubes, vortexed for 30 s and microwaved for 5 min. DNA was PCR-amplified and identified by gel electrophoresis. GeneReleaser(TM) (GR) resin was able to cleanup samples containing typical aerosol and water/soil contaminants (dust-60 mu g, pollen-100 mu g, soot-250 mu g, humic acid-75 ng). While these inhibitors were easily removed prior to PCR amplification, other complex inhibitors found in soil and food samples remain a major challenge and detection of DNA in these materials typically requires multi-step procedures that may take up to a day. The advantages of using GR are that it is rapid and inexpensive. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USA, ERDEC, SCBRD, RTE, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Geoctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Menking, DE (reprint author), USA, ERDEC, SCBRD, RTE, 5232 Fleming Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 18 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-3449 J9 RESOUR CONSERV RECY JI Resour. Conserv. Recycl. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 27 IS 1-2 BP 179 EP 186 DI 10.1016/S0921-3449(99)00012-9 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 211CJ UT WOS:000081142100019 ER PT J AU Axt, JR Walbridge, MR AF Axt, JR Walbridge, MR TI Phosphate removal capacity of palustrine forested wetlands and adjacent uplands in Virginia SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FLOODED-DRAINED SOILS; FRESH-WATER WETLANDS; PHOSPHORUS RETENTION; SORPTION; ALUMINUM; ADSORPTION; BEHAVIOR; MECHANISMS; IRON AB We examined the ability of soils in six nontidal palustrine forested wetlands (PFOs) in Virginia's Piedmont (PD) and Coastal Plain (CP) (n = 3 per physiographic province) to remove dissolved inorganic P from solution, and we compared the P sorption capacities of wetlands with those of streambanks (within wetlands) and adjacent uplands. We hypothesized that wetland soils would have higher P sorption capacities than streambank and upland soils due to the higher concentration of noncrystalline (oxalate-extractable) Al and Fe (Al-o and Fe-o) favored by periodic flooding. We found that P sorption capacities varied both as a function of landscape position and soil depth. Wetlands had higher P sorption capacities than uplands in surface soils (0-15 cm), while below 50 cm the relationship was reversed. Streambank areas within wetlands generally had the lowest P sorption capacities. As hypothesized, Al-o was correlated with P sorption capacity in wetland soils (r(2) = 0.80) but so was soil organic matter (as estimated by mass loss on ignition [LOI]) (r(2) = 0.78); in fact, Al-o and organic matter were positively correlated in wetland soils (r(2) = 0.83). In contrast, clay and silt content were the two soil parameters most highly positively correlated with P sorption capacity in upland soils (r(2) = 0.87). Overall these results suggest that differences in soil chemistry exist among landscape positions (wetland, streambank, upland) that have important implications with regard to P sorption capacity. Since wetlands and uplands may remove P from different hydrologic sources (i.e., surface runoff in wetlands and groundwater in uplands), hydrology may be a key factor in determining water quality functioning. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Environm Assessment Branch, New York, NY 10278 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Biol, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Axt, JR (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Environm Assessment Branch, 26 Fed Plaza, New York, NY 10278 USA. NR 64 TC 61 Z9 70 U1 5 U2 18 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1999 VL 63 IS 4 BP 1019 EP 1031 PG 13 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 240NP UT WOS:000082832300042 ER PT J AU Shen, H Pamulapati, J Taysing, M Wood, MC Lareau, RT Ervin, MH Mackenzie, JD Abernathy, CR Pearton, SJ Ren, F Zavada, JM AF Shen, H Pamulapati, J Taysing, M Wood, MC Lareau, RT Ervin, MH Mackenzie, JD Abernathy, CR Pearton, SJ Ren, F Zavada, JM TI 1.55 mu m Er-doped GaN LED SO SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article ID FIBER AMPLIFIER; ERBIUM; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; 1.54-MU-M AB Erbium (Er) doped semiconductors are of interest for light-emitting device applications operating at around 1.55 mu m and for the potential integration with other semiconductor devices. However, the optical emission of Er3+ ions in semiconductors has not been as efficient as in dielectric materials, particularly at room temperature. This may be because ionic bonds, which are characteristic of dielectrics, are better suited for forming the required Er3+ energy levels than are covalent bonds, which are present in most III-V semiconductors. In this paper, we report 1.55 mu m emission from an Er-doped GaN LED. We also discuss the effect of the measurement temperature on the emission spectrum as well as the effect of sample annealing on the emission spectrum. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Shen, H (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 8 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1101 J9 SOLID STATE ELECTRON JI Solid-State Electron. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 43 IS 7 BP 1231 EP 1234 DI 10.1016/S0038-1101(99)00056-8 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 219BZ UT WOS:000081589200009 ER PT J AU Ruan, RR Long, Z Chang, K Chen, PL Taub, IA AF Ruan, RR Long, Z Chang, K Chen, PL Taub, IA TI Glass transition temperature mapping using magnetic resonance imaging SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE glass transition temperature; T-g; magnetic resonance imaging; MRI; nuclear magnetic resonance; NMR ID PHASE-TRANSITIONS; QUALITY; MIXTURES; STATE; NMR AB Representation of a system using an average glass transition temperature (T-g) value will become inadequate if the system is not sufficiently homogeneous in terms of physical structure and chemical composition. Many food systems are heterogeneous, and therefore a nonuniform distribution of T-g values is expected. In this exploratory article, the basis for determination of T-g using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques is discussed, and a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) method is proposed for determining the spatial distribution of T-g in food systems. The T-g maps for maltodextrin and bread samples, obtained using this method, are presented. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Biosyst & Agr Engn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USA, Natick Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Natick, MA USA. RP Ruan, RR (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Biosyst & Agr Engn, 1390 Eckles Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. OI Ruan, Roger/0000-0001-8835-2649 NR 18 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JUL-AUG PY 1999 VL 42 IS 4 BP 1055 EP 1059 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 232ZT UT WOS:000082401600026 ER PT J AU Fritz, DL Vogel, P Brown, DR Waag, DM AF Fritz, DL Vogel, P Brown, DR Waag, DM TI The hamster model of intraperitoneal Burkholderia mallei (glanders) SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Burkholderia mallei; glanders; hamsters; Mesocricetus; immunohistochemistry; intraperitoneal inoculation ID LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE; PERITONEAL-CAVITY; PSEUDOMALLEI; MOUSE AB Thirty-one female Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) were inoculated intraperitoneally with a lethal dose of Burkholderia mallei (Budapest strain). Hamsters were killed postinoculation on days 0 through 6. Lesions were first noted in the spleens on postinoculation day 1, and in mediastinal and mesenteric lymph nodes, mediastinum, liver, and bone marrow on day 2. Lesions were present in the lung and submandibular lymph nodes on day 3, and in the brain on day 5. The characteristic histopathologic change was necrotizing pyogranulomatous inflammation, often with hemorrhage. Lesions indicative of impaired vascular perfusion, such as ischemia and infarction, were evident at the later time points. Pathologic changes generally increased in severity and distribution with time, and almost all tissues were ultimately affected. Our findings suggest that intraperitoneal bacteria were rapidly transported to mediastinal lymph nodes by transdiaphragmatic lymphatics and ultimately seeded other tissues hematogenously. The results of the study indicate that the Syrian hamster is a useful small animal model for glanders. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Pathol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Bacteriol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Fritz, DL (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Pathol, 1425 Porter St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 52 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL VET PATHOLOGIST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0300-9858 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 36 IS 4 BP 276 EP 291 DI 10.1354/vp.36-4-276 PG 16 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA 257XK UT WOS:000083807900002 PM 10421094 ER PT J AU He, J Binn, LN Caudill, JD Asher, LV Longer, CF Innis, BL AF He, J Binn, LN Caudill, JD Asher, LV Longer, CF Innis, BL TI Antiserum generated by DNA vaccine binds to hepatitis E virus (HEV) as determined by PCR and immune electron microscopy (IEM): application for HEV detection by affinity-capture RT-PCR SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE DNA vaccine; hepatitis E virus; structural protein ORF-2; immunocapture-RT-PCR; IEM ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; RNA EXTRACTION METHODS; MACACA-FASCICULARIS; SEQUENCE AB Previously, we have described that injection of an expression vector containing hepatitis E virus (HEV) open reading frame 2 (HEV-ORF-2) generated a strong antibody response in mice. To characterize the reaction of this antiserum with native HEV and to evaluate its potential diagnostic application, we tested the antiserum's ability to bind HEV using immune electron microscope (IEM) and affinity-capture reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) amplification. Antiserum to ORF-2 aggregated HEV virions as seen by electron microscopy, providing direct evidence that ORF-2 encodes a structural protein. Antiserum also captured HEV for RT-PCR amplification. This antiserum bound HEV from diverse origins (Asia, Africa, Mexico) at virus concentrations found in patient fecal specimens and bile from inoculated non-human primates. The specificity of the affinity binding was demonstrated when pre-immune sera or sera collected from mice injected with control DNA vector (lacking the HEV ORF-2 gene) failed to bind HEV for RT-PCR amplification and IEM. Specific RT-PCR amplification was confirmed by restriction enzyme digestion of PCR products. The sensitivity of the binding was evaluated by RT-PCR amplification of serially diluted bile containing a genetically divergent HEV, Mexico'86. HEV was detected in a 10(-8) dilution of this bile. This is the first report that antibodies elicited by a DNA vaccine recognize native HEV. Our results indicate that ORF-2 encodes a structural protein and that antiserum to this protein enables simple, sensitive, and specific HEV detection by affinity-capture RT-PCR. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Virus Dis, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Diagnost Pathol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Innis, BL (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Virus Dis, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 20 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD JUL PY 1999 VL 62 IS 1 SI SI BP 59 EP 65 DI 10.1016/S0168-1702(99)00047-7 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA 235MQ UT WOS:000082545800002 PM 10513287 ER PT J AU Grace, JM Skanchy, DJ Aguilar, AJ AF Grace, JM Skanchy, DJ Aguilar, AJ TI Metabolism of artelinic acid to dihydroqinghaosu by human liver cytochrome P4503A SO XENOBIOTICA LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; IN-VITRO; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; ANTIMALARIAL-DRUGS; HEPATIC-METABOLISM; MICROSOMES; MALARIA; PHARMACOKINETICS; ARTEMISININ; ARTEMETHER AB 1. Artelinic acid (AL), a water-soluble artemisinin analogue for treatment of multidrug resistant malaria, is metabolized to the active metabolite dihydroqinghaosu (DQHS) solely by CYP3A4/5. Although AL is not metabolized by CYP2C9, it does inhibit diclofenac 4-hydroxylase activity with an IC50= 115 mu M. Interestingly, AL activates CYP2D6-mediated bufuralol metabolism in human liver microsomes but not recombinant CYP2D6-Val by similar to 30% at AL concentrations up to 100 mu M. 2. In human liver microsomes, AL is metabolized to DQHS with a K-m, = 157 +/- 44 mu M I and V-max = 0.77+/-0.56 nmol DQHS/min/mg protein. Human recombinant CYP3A4 catalysed the conversion of AL to DQHS with a K-m,= 102+/-23 mu M and a I 1.96+/-0.38 nmol DQHS/min/nmol P450. The kinetic parameters (K-m and V-max) for DQHS formation from CYP3A5 were 189+/-19 mu M and 3.60+/-0.42 nmol DQHS/min/nmol P450 respectively. 3. Inhibition studies suggest that azole antifungals and calcium channel blockers may present clinically significant drug-drug interactions. In human liver microsomes, ketoconazole and miconazole were potent competitive inhibitors of DQHS formation with a K-1 = 0.028 and 0.124 mu M respectively. Verapamil is a non-competitive inhibitor of DQHS formation in human liver microsomes with a K-m = 15 mu M. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Pharmacol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Med Chem, Div Expt Therapeut, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Grace, JM (reprint author), Procter & Gamble Pharmaceut, Hlth Care Res Ctr, POB 8006,8700 Mason Montgomery Rd, Mason, OH 45040 USA. NR 53 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON EC4A 3DE, ENGLAND SN 0049-8254 J9 XENOBIOTICA JI Xenobiotica PD JUL PY 1999 VL 29 IS 7 BP 703 EP 717 PG 15 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 227MT UT WOS:000082084700003 PM 10456689 ER PT J AU Lauer, WJ Carlson, TA AF Lauer, WJ Carlson, TA TI Myocardial bridging - Reply SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Letter C1 375th Med Ctr, Dept Cardiol, Scott AFB, IL USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Cardiol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Lauer, WJ (reprint author), 375th Med Ctr, Dept Cardiol, Scott AFB, IL USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD JUN 29 PY 1999 VL 99 IS 25 BP 3324 EP 3325 PG 2 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 210DJ UT WOS:000081089600029 ER PT J AU Popov, AK Myslivets, SA Tiemann, E Wellegehausen, B Tartakovsky, G AF Popov, AK Myslivets, SA Tiemann, E Wellegehausen, B Tartakovsky, G TI Quantum interference and Manley-Rowe relations in resonant four-wave frequency mixing in an optically thick Doppler-broadened medium SO JETP LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INVERSION; NA-2 AB It is shown that under resonant interaction conditions certain notions in nonlinear optics which are based on the Manley-Rowe relations no longer hold because of the interference of elementary quantum-mechanical processes. This conclusion is illustrated by numerical examples corresponding to the experiments performed. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-3640(99)00512-5]. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Branch, Inst Phys, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia. Leibniz Univ Hannover, Inst Quantenopt, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. USA, SIMULTEK, Kent, WA 98031 USA. RP Popov, AK (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Branch, Inst Phys, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia. EM popov@cc.krascience.rssi.ru; wellegehausen@mbox.iqo.uni-hannover.d; simultek@msn.com RI Popov, Alexander /I-1135-2013 OI Popov, Alexander /0000-0003-4602-5708 NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 0021-3640 J9 JETP LETT+ JI Jetp Lett. PD JUN 25 PY 1999 VL 69 IS 12 BP 912 EP 916 DI 10.1134/1.568111 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 219AY UT WOS:000081586600005 ER PT J AU Gruber, JB Zandi, B Justice, B Westrum, EF AF Gruber, JB Zandi, B Justice, B Westrum, EF TI Optical spectra and thermal Schottky levels in dysprosium sesquisulfide SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL-FIELD ANALYSIS; RARE-EARTH IONS; ENERGY-LEVELS; LANTHANIDE SESQUISULFIDES; GAMMA-PHASE; THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; GAMMA-ND2S3; YTTRIUM; SITES AB We report a detailed crystal-field splitting analysis of the energy levels of Dy3+(4f(9)) in single crystals of Dy2S3 that have the Th3P4 cubic defect structure. From an analysis of the temperature-dependent absorption spectra, we have identified seven of the eight crystal-field split energy (Stark) levels of the ground-state multiplet manifold, H-6(15/2). Sixty-two experimental Stark levels from various multiplet manifolds of Dy3+ are compared with a calculated crystal-field splitting, whose initial crystal-field parameters, B-nm, were determined from lattice-sum calculations. The rms deviation between experimental and calculated levels is 7 cm(-1). Both the experimental and calculated crystal-field splitting of the H-6(15/2) manifold are compared with an assignment of Schottky levels obtained from a reassessment of heat capacity data reported earlier. Based on entropy considerations and verification of the Schottky level assignments by analyses of the optical and magnetic susceptibility data, we conclude that the anomaly observed in the heat capacity data near 3.4 K is due to antiferromagnetic ordering. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-9606(99)70424-1]. C1 San Jose State Univ, Dept Phys, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Chem, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Gruber, JB (reprint author), San Jose State Univ, Dept Phys, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. NR 42 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 22 PY 1999 VL 110 IS 24 BP 12125 EP 12130 DI 10.1063/1.479149 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 204CN UT WOS:000080745500052 ER PT J AU Mawhinney, DB Rossin, JA Gerhart, K Yates, JT AF Mawhinney, DB Rossin, JA Gerhart, K Yates, JT TI Adsorption studies by transmission IR spectroscopy: A new method for opaque materials SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID DIMETHYL METHYLPHOSPHONATE; ACTIVATED CARBON; NITRIC-ACID; SURFACE; DECOMPOSITION; OXIDATION; DESORPTION AB The study of adsorption on opaque powdered materials using transmission IR spectroscopy is described. The method involves diluting the optically dense adsorbent powder in solid KBr and then pressing the mixture into a tungsten grid. These thousands of tiny self-supporting samples make intimate contact with the grid array, allowing efficient thermal control of the sample temperature from 100 K upward. It has been found that gas adsorption may be studied on such samples by diffusion of the gas through the KBr matrix to the adsorption sites on the powder sample. Examples of the adsorption of small molecules, CO and CO2, on carbon surfaces and larger molecules, dimethylmethyl phosphonate and 2-chloroethylethyl sulfide, on a resin and an Al2O3 surface, respectively, are given, where KBr dilution opens up spectral regions that are not accessible in pure samples of the adsorbent. Interactional effects between the KBr support and the OH groups on Al2O3 are observed. A unique six-sample method for comparison of the adsorbent/KBr and pure KBr samples under identical conditions of gas pressure and temperature is described. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Ctr Surface Sci, Dept Chem, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Guild Associates Inc, Dublin, OH 43016 USA. USA, ERDEC, SCBRD, ENP,E, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Yates, JT (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Ctr Surface Sci, Dept Chem, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. NR 19 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD JUN 22 PY 1999 VL 15 IS 13 BP 4617 EP 4621 DI 10.1021/la9816914 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 210TC UT WOS:000081119900050 ER PT J AU Xiao, XD Wu, LJ Stantchev, TS Feng, YR Ugolini, S Chen, H Shen, ZM Riley, JL Broder, CC Sattentau, QJ Dimitrov, DS AF Xiao, XD Wu, LJ Stantchev, TS Feng, YR Ugolini, S Chen, H Shen, ZM Riley, JL Broder, CC Sattentau, QJ Dimitrov, DS TI Constitutive cell surface association between CD4 and CCR5 SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE HIV; AIDS; receptors ID ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEIN; MAJOR DETERMINANT; HIV-1 ENTRY; RECEPTOR; GP120; FUSION; INFECTION; ANTIBODY; COMPLEX; BINDING AB HIV-1 entry into cells involves formation of a complex between gp120 of the viral envelope glycoprotein (Env), a receptor (CD4), and a coreceptor. For most strains of HIV, this coreceptor is CCR5. Here, we provide evidence that CD4 is specifically associated with CCR5 in the absence of gp120 or any other receptor-specific ligand. The amount of CD4 coimmunoprecipitated with CCR5 was significantly higher than that with the other major HIV coreceptor, CXCR4, and in contrast to CXCR4 the CD4-CCR5 coimmunoprecipitation Was not significantly increased by gp120. The CD4-CCR5 interaction probably takes place via the second extracellular loop of CCR5 and the first two domains of CD4 It can be inhibited by CCR5- and CD4-specific antibodies that interfere with HIV-1 infection, indicating a possible role in virus entry, These findings suggest a possible pathway of HIV-1 evolution and development of immunopathogenicity, a potential new target for antiretroviral drugs and a tool for development of vaccines based on EnvCD4-CCR5 complexes. The constitutive association of a seven-transmembrane-domain G protein-coupled receptor with another receptor also indicates new possibilities for cross talk between cell surface receptors. C1 NCI, Frederick Canc Res & Dev Ctr, Lab Expt & Computat Biol, NIH, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. LeukoSite Inc, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Ctr Immunol Marseille Luminy, F-13288 Marseille 9, France. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Retroviral, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Dimitrov, DS (reprint author), NCI, Frederick Canc Res & Dev Ctr, Lab Expt & Computat Biol, NIH, Bldg 469,Room 216,POB B,Miller Dr, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. OI Riley, James/0000-0002-1057-576X FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI043885, R01AI43885] NR 42 TC 150 Z9 152 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUN 22 PY 1999 VL 96 IS 13 BP 7496 EP 7501 DI 10.1073/pnas.96.13.7496 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 209PB UT WOS:000081056000069 PM 10377443 ER PT J AU Srikantan, V Sesterhenn, IA Davis, L Hankins, FR Avallone, FA Livezey, JR Connelly, R Mostofi, FK McLeod, DG Moul, JW Chandrasekharappa, SC Srivastava, S AF Srikantan, V Sesterhenn, IA Davis, L Hankins, FR Avallone, FA Livezey, JR Connelly, R Mostofi, FK McLeod, DG Moul, JW Chandrasekharappa, SC Srivastava, S TI Allelic loss on chromosome 6q in primary prostate cancer SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER LA English DT Article ID COMPARATIVE GENOMIC HYBRIDIZATION; TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR GENE; BREAST-CANCER; PROXIMAL 6Q; IMBALANCE; DELETION; REGIONS; ARM AB Molecular genetic analyses of human prostate cancer (CaP) has revealed frequent loss of specific chromosome regions suggesting the presence of putative tumor suppressor gene(s) (TSG) on these chromosome loci whose inactivation may play a role in prostate tumorigenesis. To understand the role of 6q alterations in CaP, we have undertaken a comprehensive analysis of proximal 6q. Genomic DNA from tumor and normal prostate tissues from radical prostatectomy specimens of 38 patients were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for 13 polymorphic microsatellite loci on 6q. Allelic losses of 1 or more polymorphic loci were detected in 11 of 38 patients (29%). Six of 11 tumors showing any 6q deletion were found to have allelic losses at D6S1056 and D6S300 loci. Our results revealed a 1.5 megabase interval between D6S1056 and D6S300 at 6q16.3-21 as the minimal region of deletion, which may contain the putative TSG involved in prostate tumorigenesis. One of the tumor samples demonstrated homozygous deletion at a distal location D6S314 (6q23-24), suggesting another locus potentially associated with Cap. Although the relationship of 6q loss of heterozygosity (LOH) with various clinico-pathologic variables, i.e., cancer recurrence or pathologic stage, did not reveal a statistically significant association, the risk for 6q LOH to non-organ confined (pT3) disease was 5-fold higher than for organ confined disease. Int. J. Cancer (Pred. Oncol) 84:331-335, 1999. (C) 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Ctr Prostate Dis Res, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Genitourinary Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Neurol Surg, Charlottesville, VA USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Serv Urol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NIH, Natl human Genome Res Inst, Genet & Mol Biol Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Srivastava, S (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Ctr Prostate Dis Res, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 23 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0020-7136 J9 INT J CANCER JI Int. J. Cancer PD JUN 21 PY 1999 VL 84 IS 3 BP 331 EP 335 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0215(19990621)84:3<331::AID-IJC23>3.0.CO;2-J PG 5 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 202MZ UT WOS:000080657600023 PM 10371356 ER PT J AU Stickle, DF Reynolds, MA Morris, MD Quon, MJ AF Stickle, DF Reynolds, MA Morris, MD Quon, MJ TI Dynamic changes in plasma proinsulin/insulin ratio during insulin secretion influence correlation between radioimmunoassay (RIA) and IMX measurements of insulin SO CLINICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE insulin; proinsulin; RIA; IMX ID IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; NIDDM; SENSITIVITY; RESISTANCE; IMMUNOASSAY; NONOBESE; OBESE AB Because proinsulin and insulin have different circulatory half-lives, the ratio of proinsulin to insulin in plasma depends on the dynamics of insulin secretion. This variation can potentially influence comparison of IMX assays and radioimmunoassays (RIAs) for [insulin], given that the antibody used in the IMX assay has negligible cross-reactivity with proinsulin compared to the 40% cross-reactivity with proinsulin of the antibody used in the RIA. Simulation of a simple mass balance model for insulin and proinsulin concentrations during an oral glucose tolerance test predicts that the ratio (R) of RIA to IMX insulin measurements of [insulin] should transiently decrease, pass through a minimum, increase past the initial value, pass through a maximum and eventually return to the initial value. Using time course specimens from patients, this pattern of variation in R was observed in the majority (12/16) of cases studied. The variation in R for time course specimens (CV = 26%) was significantly greater than for other specimens (fasting, random or undesignated; P < 0.05). Thus, when comparing IMX and RIA measurements of [insulin], variation in R for samples from differing states of dynamic insulin secretion contains a component that is attributable to dynamic changes in the ratio of [proinsulin]/[insulin] in plasma. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Stickle, DF (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RI Quon, Michael/B-1970-2008; Stickle, Douglas/A-9682-2009; OI Quon, Michael/0000-0002-9601-9915; Quon , Michael /0000-0002-5289-3707 NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-8981 J9 CLIN CHIM ACTA JI Clin. Chim. Acta PD JUN 15 PY 1999 VL 284 IS 1 BP 1 EP 13 DI 10.1016/S0009-8981(99)00072-8 PG 13 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 218DP UT WOS:000081538200001 PM 10437638 ER PT J AU Johnson, GR Holmquist, TJ AF Johnson, GR Holmquist, TJ TI Response of boron carbide subjected to large strains, high strain rates, and high pressures SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SILICON-CARBIDE; CERAMICS; STRENGTH AB This article presents an analysis of the response of boron carbide (B4C) to severe loading conditions that produce large strains, high strain rates, and high pressures. Experimental data from the literature are used to determine and/or estimate constants for the JH-2 constitutive model for brittle materials. Because B4C is a very strong material, it is not always possible to determine the constants explicitly. Instead they must sometimes be inferred from the limited experimental data that are available. The process of determining constants provides insight into the constitutive behavior for some loading conditions, but it also raises questions regarding the response under other loading conditions. Several Lagrangian finite element and Eulerian finite difference computations are provided to illustrate responses for a variety of impact and penetration problems. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(99)07312-0]. C1 Alliant Techsyst Inc, Hopkins, MN 55343 USA. USA, High Performance Comp & Res Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55415 USA. RP Johnson, GR (reprint author), Alliant Techsyst Inc, Hopkins, MN 55343 USA. NR 26 TC 86 Z9 94 U1 4 U2 28 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 15 PY 1999 VL 85 IS 12 BP 8060 EP 8073 DI 10.1063/1.370643 PG 14 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 200AR UT WOS:000080517000008 ER PT J AU Hopkins, MA Tuhkuri, J Lensu, M AF Hopkins, MA Tuhkuri, J Lensu, M TI Rafting and ridging of thin ice sheets SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID SEA-ICE AB Rafting and pressure ridging are important processes in the deformation of sea ice that occur when two ice sheets are pushed together. In this study a two-dimensional computer model of the rafting and ridging process is used to simulate a situation in which two identical ice sheets are pushed together at constant speed. Each model ice sheet is composed of two thicknesses of ice. The ratio of the thicknesses is varied to obtain degrees of inhomogeneity. The accuracy of the simulations is assessed by comparison with a series of similar physical experiments performed in a refrigerated basin, Following this comparison, the computer model is used to perform an extensive series of simulations to explore the effect of the thickness and the thickness inhomogeneity of the model ice sheets on the likelihood of occurrence of ridging and rafting. During the simulations the energy consumption and forces are explicitly calculated. The energy consumed during the simulations is used to demonstrate the smooth transition between ridging and rafting that occurs when the homogeneity of the sheets is varied. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Helsinki Univ Technol, Ship Lab, FIN-02150 Espoo, Finland. RP Hopkins, MA (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RI Tuhkuri, Jukka/E-6913-2012 OI Tuhkuri, Jukka/0000-0003-4837-352X NR 11 TC 28 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JUN 15 PY 1999 VL 104 IS C6 BP 13605 EP 13613 DI 10.1029/1999JC900031 PG 9 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 207BF UT WOS:000080914900024 ER PT J AU Wu, PF Rao, DVGLN Kimball, BR Nakashima, M DeCristofano, BS AF Wu, PF Rao, DVGLN Kimball, BR Nakashima, M DeCristofano, BS TI Spatial light modulation with an azobenzene-doped polymer by use of biphotonic holography SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COHERENT OPTICAL CONVERTER; SELF-DIFFRACTION; CRYSTALS AB Spatial light modulation by use of a biphotonic holographic grating has been demonstrated in an azobenzene-doped polymer film. The mechanism of incoherent-to-coherent optical conversion originates from the photoinduced trans <-> cis isomerization of azobenzene molecules by two color lights. It is also found that when the intensity of the blue beam is varied the output replica of the input information changes sign. (C) 1999 Optical Society of America. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02125 USA. USA, Soldier Syst Ctr, Mat Sci Team, Natick, MA 01780 USA. RP Wu, PF (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02125 USA. RI Rao, Devulapalli/L-8863-2015 NR 8 TC 8 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD JUN 15 PY 1999 VL 24 IS 12 BP 841 EP 843 DI 10.1364/OL.24.000841 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 208FK UT WOS:000080980000017 PM 18073872 ER PT J AU Adinehzadeh, M Reo, NV Jarnot, BM Taylor, CA Mattie, DR AF Adinehzadeh, M Reo, NV Jarnot, BM Taylor, CA Mattie, DR TI Dose-response hepatotoxicity of the peroxisome proliferator, perfluorodecanoic acid and the relationship to phospholipid metabolism in rats SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE perfluorodecanoic acid; peroxisome proliferator; hepatotoxicity ID CTP-PHOSPHOCHOLINE CYTIDYLYLTRANSFERASE; PERFLUORINATED FATTY-ACIDS; NORMAL-DECANOIC ACID; ACYL-COA OXIDASE; NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; PERFLUOROOCTANOIC ACID; LIVER CARCINOGENESIS; INDUCED APOPTOSIS; CELL REPLICATION; LIPID-METABOLISM AB Perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) is a potent peroxisome proliferator that causes hepatotoxicity but lacks tumor-promoting activity in rats. We previously showed that a single dose of PFDA at 50 mg/kg (similar to LD50) causes an elevation in liver phosphocholine (PCho) and other effects related to phospholipid metabolism. In this study. we examined metabolic effects in the dose range 2-50 mg/kg in rats. At doses less than or equal to 20 mg/kg, PFDA is significantly less hepatotoxic than the LD50, as manifested by electron microscopy and measurements of daily food consumption and body weight. At 50 mg/kg rat serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha concentration was increased 8-fold, while at 15 mg/kg there was no apparent increase in this cytokine. This lower dose, however, induces metabolic effects similar to those seen at the LD50. Liver fatty acyl-CoA oxidase activity showed a dose-dependent increase from 5-25 mg/kg PFDA. Treatments at 15 and 50 mg/kg caused a significant increase in liver phosphatidylcholine (28 and 66%) and phosphatidylethanolamine (31 and 74%). Both doses caused a significant increase in liver PCho but did not affect liver ATP levels, as manifested in P-31 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra from rat livers in vivo. These data suggest that the increase in liver [PCho] observed following PFDA exposure in rats represents a specific metabolic response, rather than a broad-range hepatotoxic effect. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Wright State Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. Wright State Univ, Dept Phys, Magnet Resonance Lab, Cox Inst, Dayton, OH 45429 USA. USA, Res Lab, Operat Toxicol Branch, Dayton, OH USA. Wright State Univ, Sch Med, Dept Anat, Dayton, OH USA. RP Reo, NV (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. NR 47 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD JUN 15 PY 1999 VL 134 IS 2-3 BP 179 EP 195 DI 10.1016/S0300-483X(99)00038-4 PG 17 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 212JM UT WOS:000081213600008 PM 10403636 ER PT J AU Cox, JH Garner, RP Redfield, RR Aronson, NE Davis, C Ruiz, N Birx, DL AF Cox, JH Garner, RP Redfield, RR Aronson, NE Davis, C Ruiz, N Birx, DL TI Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity in HIV type 1-infected patients receiving VaxSyn, a recombinant gp160 envelope vaccine SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HUMORAL IMMUNE-RESPONSES; DISEASE PROGRESSION; CYTO-TOXICITY; SEROPOSITIVE INDIVIDUALS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; LYMPHOCYTE COUNTS; HOST FACTORS; INFECTION; ADCC AB Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity was measured in 60 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1)-infected patients receiving a recombinant gp160 (rgp160) envelope protein of HIV-1(NL4-3) in alum and 64 receiving placebo over a 5-year study period. There was no difference in the percentage of ADCC responders when comparing rgp160-immunized patients (mean, 78.4%) with those receiving placebo alone (mean, 81.5%) at any time point examined. Patients were further divided into progression groups regardless of their vaccine status. ADCC activity was somewhat higher in rapid than in slow-progressing groups, although the number that had detectable ADCC activity was equivalent in each group. ADCC activity of sera from rapid- and slow-progressing groups against primary or laboratory isolate envelopes was; similar, This study showed that transcription with rgp160 did not appear to enhance HIV-specific ADCC activity. ADCC activity did not appear to correlate with protection against AIDS in this cohort of HIV-1-infected people. C1 Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78232 USA. Natl Naval Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Cox, JH (reprint author), Henry M Jackson Fdn, 13 Taft Court, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. NR 39 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD JUN 10 PY 1999 VL 15 IS 9 BP 847 EP 854 DI 10.1089/088922299310755 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 204UZ UT WOS:000080784100008 PM 10381173 ER PT J AU Wick, DV Martinez, T Wood, MV Wilkes, JM Gruneisen, MT Berenberg, VA Vasil'ev, MV Onokhov, AP Beresnev, LA AF Wick, DV Martinez, T Wood, MV Wilkes, JM Gruneisen, MT Berenberg, VA Vasil'ev, MV Onokhov, AP Beresnev, LA TI Deformed-helix ferroelectric liquid-crystal spatial light modulator that demonstrates high diffraction efficiency and 370-line pairs mm resolution SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID ADAPTIVE OPTICS AB New liquid-crystal media and photoconductor materials are being utilized in spatial light modulators to increase their resolution, diffraction efficiency, speed, and sensitivity. A prototypical device developed for real-time holography applications has shown an 8% diffraction efficiency from a holographic grating with a spatial frequency of 370 line pairs/mm (lp/mm). At 18 lp/mm the device has demonstrated a 31% diffraction efficiency with a 600-mu s hologram write time using 400-nJ/cm(2) write beams. (C) 1999 Optical Society of America. OCIS codes: 090.1000, 230.6120, 160.2260, 160.3710. C1 USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, DEBS, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. SC Vavilov State Opt Inst, Inst Laser Phys, St Petersburg 199034, Russia. USA, Res Lab, Intelligent Opt Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Wick, DV (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL, DEBS, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM wickd@plk.af.mil NR 15 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUN 10 PY 1999 VL 38 IS 17 BP 3798 EP 3803 DI 10.1364/AO.38.003798 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 208EZ UT WOS:000080978800013 PM 18319987 ER PT J AU Henderson, DA Inglesby, TV Bartlett, JG Ascher, MS Eitzen, E Jahrling, PB Hauer, J Layton, M McDade, J Osterholm, MT O'Toole, T Parker, G Perl, T Russell, PK Tonat, K AF Henderson, DA Inglesby, TV Bartlett, JG Ascher, MS Eitzen, E Jahrling, PB Hauer, J Layton, M McDade, J Osterholm, MT O'Toole, T Parker, G Perl, T Russell, PK Tonat, K CA Working Grp Civilian Biodefense TI Smallpox as a biological weapon - Medical and public health management SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID ORTHOPOXVIRUS; DISEASE AB Objective. To develop consensus-based recommendations for measures to be taken by medical and public health professionals following the use of smallpox as a biological weapon against a civilian population. Participants. The working group included 21 representatives from staff of major medical centers and research, government, military, public health, and emergency management institutions and agencies. Evidence. The first author (D.A.H..) conducted a literature search in conjunction with the preparation of another publication on smallpox as well as this article. The literature identified was reviewed and opinions were sought from experts in the diagnosis and management of smallpox, including members of the working group. Consensus Process. The first draft of the consensus statement was a synthesis of information obtained in the evidence-gathering process. Members of the working group provided formal written comments that were incorporated into the second draft of the statement. The working group reviewed the second draft on October 30, 1998. No significant disagreements existed and comments were incorporated into a third draft. The fourth and final statement incorporates all relevant evidence obtained by the literature search in conjunction with final consensus recommendations supported by all working group members. Conclusions. Specific recommendations are made regarding smallpox vaccination, therapy, postexposure isolation and infection control, hospital epidemiology and infection control, home care, decontamination of the environment, and additional research needs. In the event of an actual release of smallpox and subsequent epidemic, early detection, isolation of infected individuals, surveillance of contacts, and a focused selective vaccination program will be the essential items of an effective control program. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Ctr Civilian Biodef Studies, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. Calif Dept Hlth, Berkeley, CA USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Frederick, MD USA. New York City Dept Hlth, Off Emergency Management, New York, NY 10013 USA. New York City Dept Hlth, Off Communicable Dis, New York, NY 10013 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA. US Dept HHS, Off Emergency Preparedness, Rockville, MD USA. RP Henderson, DA (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Ctr Civilian Biodef Studies, Candler Bldg,Suite 850,111 Market Pl, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. NR 50 TC 511 Z9 522 U1 5 U2 37 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 9 PY 1999 VL 281 IS 22 BP 2127 EP 2137 DI 10.1001/jama.281.22.2127 PG 11 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 202TJ UT WOS:000080668000036 PM 10367824 ER PT J AU Walker, PS Scharton-Kersten, T Krieg, AM Love-Homan, L Rowton, ED Udey, MC Vogel, JC AF Walker, PS Scharton-Kersten, T Krieg, AM Love-Homan, L Rowton, ED Udey, MC Vogel, JC TI Immunostimulatory oligodeoxynucleotides promote protective immunity and provide systemic therapy for leishmaniasis via IL-12-and IFN-gamma-dependent mechanisms SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID INTRADERMAL GENE IMMUNIZATION; T-CELL; DENDRITIC CELLS; BACTERIAL-DNA; CPG MOTIFS; IN-VIVO; INTERFERON-GAMMA; MAJOR INFECTION; INTERLEUKIN-12; ANTIGEN AB Resistance to murine leishmaniasis correlates with development of a CD4(+) T helper 1 (Th1)-predominant immune response, To determine whether immunostimulatory CpG-containing oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODN), known to promote a Th1 immune response, could provide protection from Leishmania infection, CpG-ODN and freeze-thawed (F/T) Leishmania major were coinjected intradermally into susceptible BALE/c mice. A Leishmania-specific Th1-predominant immune response was induced, and 40% of animals were protected from subsequent challenge with infectious organisms, with 0% protection of animals injected with F/T Leishmania organisms and PBS, F/T organisms and control ODN, or F/T organisms alone. More striking protection (65-95%) was seen in mice first infected with intact Leishmania organisms and then injected with CpG-ODN, either at the site of infection or at a remote site. To determine whether the therapeutic protection provided by CpG-ODN depended on IL-12 and IFN-gamma production, both IFN-gamma-deficient BALB/c mice and BALB/c mice treated with neutralizing anti-IL-12 mAb were first inoculated with Leishmania and then treated with either CpG-ODN, ODN, or PBS, None of these IFN-gamma-deficient mice survived (0/20, 0/20, and 0/20 respectively). Furthermore, neutralization of IL-12 completely abolished the therapeutic protection provided by CpG-ODN (0/20 mice surviving). We conclude that immunostimulatory DNA sequences likely exert systemic effects via IL-12 and IFN-gamma-dependent mechanisms and hold considerable promise as both vaccine adjuvants and potential therapeutic agents in the prevention and treatment of leishmaniasis. C1 Natl Canc Inst, Dermatol Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Natl Inst Allergy & Infect Dis, Immunobiol Sect, Parasit Dis Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Med, Dept Internal Med, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Vogel, JC (reprint author), Natl Canc Inst, Dermatol Branch, NIH, Bldg 10 Room 12N260,9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RI Rowton, Edgar/A-1975-2011; Rowton, Edgar/A-4474-2012 OI Rowton, Edgar/0000-0002-1979-1485; NR 33 TC 180 Z9 189 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUN 8 PY 1999 VL 96 IS 12 BP 6970 EP 6975 DI 10.1073/pnas.96.12.6970 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 205VX UT WOS:000080842200072 PM 10359823 ER PT J AU Deagle, EA Berigan, TR AF Deagle, EA Berigan, TR TI Adding behavioral therapy to medication for smoking cessation SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 82nd Airborne Div, Ft Bragg, NC 28307 USA. RP Deagle, EA (reprint author), 82nd Airborne Div, Ft Bragg, NC 28307 USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 2 PY 1999 VL 281 IS 21 BP 1983 EP 1983 DI 10.1001/jama.281.21.1983 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 200NN UT WOS:000080546700010 PM 10359376 ER PT J AU Harari, A Iudica-Souza, C AF Harari, A Iudica-Souza, C TI Glycemic control and quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 Natl Naval Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC USA. RP Harari, A (reprint author), Natl Naval Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 2 PY 1999 VL 281 IS 21 BP 1985 EP 1986 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 200NN UT WOS:000080546700016 PM 10359381 ER PT J AU Manthey, DE Schissel, DJ AF Manthey, DE Schissel, DJ TI Clinical pearls: Ulcers on the fingers SO ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE pyoderma gangrenosum; ulcers; fingers ID PYODERMA-GANGRENOSUM; LEUKEMIA C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, San Antonio, TX 78234 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, San Antonio, TX 78234 USA. RP Manthey, DE (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, San Antonio, TX 78234 USA. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU HANLEY & BELFUS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 210 S 13TH ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19107 USA SN 1069-6563 J9 ACAD EMERG MED JI Acad. Emerg. Med. PD JUN PY 1999 VL 6 IS 6 BP 637 EP + DI 10.1111/j.1553-2712.1999.tb00419.x PG 4 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 206EH UT WOS:000080864000012 PM 10386682 ER PT J AU Christensen, ED Lacsina, EQ AF Christensen, ED Lacsina, EQ TI Mountaineering fatalities on Mount Rainier, Washington, 1977-1997 - Autopsy and investigative findings SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FORENSIC MEDICINE AND PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mountaineering; autopsy; fall; accident; pathology; death investigation ID ACCIDENTS; TREKKERS AB Mountain climbing is a popular recreational activity with a growing number of participants and associated fatalities. To define the characteristics of these fatal incidents and the typical autopsy findings in the victims, we reviewed the autopsy and investigative findings of all fatalities that occurred on Mount Rainier from 1977 through 1997. A total of 50 deaths occurred in 29 sep arate incidents. Fifty-eight percent of accident victims died as the result of a fall; another 34% died as a result of an avalanche. The incidents leading to death occurred at an average altitude of 3652 m (11,977 feet); range, 2073 to 4389 m (6800-14,400 feet). The average age of the victims was 31.2 years (range, 17-55 years), and 47 of the 50 were men (94%). Bodies were not recovered in 13 cases (26%). Autopsies were performed in 30 of the remaining 37 cases. At autopsy, the cause of death was ascribed to multiple injuries in 12 cases (40%), isolated head and neck injuries in 7 cases (23%), and chest injuries in 1 case (3%). Asphyxia and hypothermia were the cause of death in 8 cases (27%) and 2 cases (7%), respectively. The frequency of specific injuries is presented by anatomic region. The unique autopsy and investigative features of mountaineering deaths are discussed. C1 Madigan Army Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. RP Christensen, ED (reprint author), Womack Army Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Ft Bragg, NC 28307 USA. NR 13 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-7910 J9 AM J FOREN MED PATH JI Am. J. Forensic Med. Pathol. PD JUN PY 1999 VL 20 IS 2 BP 173 EP 179 DI 10.1097/00000433-199906000-00014 PG 7 WC Medicine, Legal; Pathology SC Legal Medicine; Pathology GA 210MZ UT WOS:000081110400014 PM 10414660 ER PT J AU Moran, DS Shapiro, Y Laor, A Izraeli, S Pandolf, KB AF Moran, DS Shapiro, Y Laor, A Izraeli, S Pandolf, KB TI Can gender differences during exercise-heat stress be assessed by the physiological strain index? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE heart rate; heat strain; indexes; men; rectal temperature; women ID PHYSICAL-FITNESS; THERMAL-STRESS; RESPONSES; WOMEN; MEN AB A physiological strain index (PSI) based on rectal temperature (T-re) and heart rate (HR) was recently suggested to evaluate exercise-heat stress. The purpose of this study was to evaluate PSI for gender differences under various combinations of exercise intensity and climate. Two groups of eight men each were formed according to maximal rate of O-2 consumption ((V) over dotO(2max)). The first group of men (M) was matched to a group of nine women (W) with similar (P > 0.001) (V) over dotO(2max) (46.1 +/- 2.0 and 43.6 +/- 2.9 ml.kg(-1).min(-1), respectively). The second group of men (MF) was significantly (P < 0.001) more fit than M or W with (V) over dot O-2max of 59.1 +/- 1.8 ml.kg(-1).min(-1). Subjects completed a matrix of nine experimental combinations consisting of three different exercise intensities for 60 min [low, moderate, and high (300, 500, and 650 W, respectively)] each at three climates/comfortable, hot wet, and hot dry [20 degrees C 50% relative humidity (RH), 35 degrees C 70% RH, and 40 degrees C 35% RH, respectively]. No significant differences (P > 0.05) were found between matched genders (M and W) at the same exposure for sweat rate, relative (V) over dotO(2max) (%(V) over dotO(2max)), and PSI. However, MF had significantly (P < 0.05) lower strain than M and W as reflected by %(V) over dotO(2max) and PSI. In summary, PSI applicability was extended for exercise-heat stress and gender. This index continues to show potential for wide acceptance and application. C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Tel Aviv Univ, Chaim Sheba Med Ctr, Heller Inst Med Res, IL-52621 Tel Hashomer, Israel. RP Moran, DS (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, 42 Kansas St, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 27 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0363-6119 EI 1522-1490 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-REG I JI Am. J. Physiol.-Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. PD JUN PY 1999 VL 276 IS 6 BP R1798 EP R1804 PG 7 WC Physiology SC Physiology GA 203EP UT WOS:000080695000032 PM 10362762 ER PT J AU Stein, TP Leskiw, RJ Schluter, MD Hoyt, RW Lane, KW Gretebeck, RE LeBlanc, AD AF Stein, TP Leskiw, RJ Schluter, MD Hoyt, RW Lane, KW Gretebeck, RE LeBlanc, AD TI Energy expenditure and balance during spaceflight on the space shuttle SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE astronauts; nitrogen balance; bed rest ID SKELETAL-MUSCLE; BED REST; CALORIC REQUIREMENTS; RESISTANCE EXERCISE; PROTEIN; REAPPRAISAL; TURNOVER; FLIGHT; RATS AB The objectives of this study were as follows: 1) to measure human energy expenditure (EE) during spaceflight on a shuttle mission by using the doubly labeled water (DLW) method; 2) to determine whether the astronauts were in negative energy balance during spaceflight; 3) to use the comparison of change in body fat as measured by the intake DLW EE, O-18 dilution, and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) to validate the DLW method for spaceflight; and 4) to compare EE during spaceflight against that found with bed rest. Two experiments were conducted: a flight experiment (n = 4) on the 16-day 1996 Life and microgravity sciences shuttle mission and a 6 degrees head-down tilt bed rest study with controlled dietary intake (n = 8). The bed rest study was designed to simulate the flight experiment and included exercise. Two EE determinations were done before flight (bed rest), during flight (bed rest), and after flight (recovery). Energy intake and N balance were monitored for the entire period. Results were that body weight, water, fat, and energy balance were unchanged with bed rest. For the flight experiment, decreases in weight (2.6 +/- 0.4 kg, P < 0.05) and N retention (-2.37 +/- 0.45 g N/day, P ( 0.05) were found. Dietary intake for the four astronauts was reduced in flight (3,025 +/- 180 vs. 1,943 +/- 179 kcal/day, P < 0.05). EE in flight was 3,320 +/- 155 kcal/day, resulting in a negative energy balance of 1,355 +/- 80 kcal/day (-15.7 +/- 1.0 kcal.kg(-1).day(-1), P < 0.05). This corresponded to a loss of 2.1 +/- 0.4 kg body fat, which was within experimental error of the fat loss determined by O-18 dilution (-1.4 +/- 0.5 kg) and DEXA (-2.4 +/- 0.4 kg. All three methods showed no change in body fat with bed rest. in conclusion, 1) the DLW method for measuring EE during spaceflight is valid, 2) the astronauts were in severe negative energy balance and oxidized body fat, and 3) in-flight energy (E) requirements can be predicted from the equation: E = 1.40 x resting metabolic rate + exercise. C1 Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Sch Osteopath Med, Dept Surg, Stratford, NJ 08084 USA. USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Radiol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Foods & Nutr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Stein, TP (reprint author), Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Sch Osteopath Med, Dept Surg, 2 Med Ctr Dr, Stratford, NJ 08084 USA. EM tpstein@umdnj.edu NR 30 TC 86 Z9 87 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0363-6119 EI 1522-1490 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-REG I JI Am. J. Physiol.-Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. PD JUN PY 1999 VL 276 IS 6 BP R1739 EP R1748 PG 10 WC Physiology SC Physiology GA 203EP UT WOS:000080695000025 PM 10362755 ER PT J AU Simon, EP AF Simon, EP TI Improving tolerance of MR imaging with medical hypnosis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID ANXIETY C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Simon, EP (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0361-803X J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PD JUN PY 1999 VL 172 IS 6 BP 1694 EP 1695 PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 198ML UT WOS:000080427900057 PM 10350322 ER PT J AU Jatoi, I AF Jatoi, I TI Breast cancer screening SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SURGERY LA English DT Review ID CARCINOMA IN-SITU; ATAXIA-TELANGIECTASIA; RANDOMIZED TRIAL; DEATH RATES; FOLLOW-UP; MAMMOGRAPHY; WOMEN; RISK; RADIATION; MORTALITY AB PURPOSE AND DESIGN: Three breast cancer screening methods are commonly employed: mammography, breast self examination (BSE), and physical examination by trained personnel (PE). Case-control, retrospective, and prospective studies have examined the efficacy of these screening modalities in reducing breast cancer mortality. However, there are three biases pertinent to many of these studies: lead-time, length, and selection biases. The best way to exclude these biases is to compare screened and unscreened women in a randomized controlled trial with breast cancer mortality as the end point. Eight trials have examined the effect of mammographic screening on breast cancer mortality and two have examined the impact of screening with BSE. In addition, a large trial will soon be initiated in India to assess the impact of screening by PE on breast cancer mortality. This article reviews these trials and discusses the implications of the studies. RESULTS: The overall results of the randomized controlled trials indicate that mammographic screening in women over age 50 can reduce breast cancer mortality by about 25%. However, its efficacy in women between the ages of 40 and 49 is disputed, and another large trial has been initiated in the United Kingdom to resolve this controversy. Preliminary results of two trials indicate that BSE has no impact on breast cancer mortality. However, longer follow-up of these trials is necessary before drawing any conclusions regarding BSE. CONCLUSIONS: Mammographic screening in postmenopausal women is an effective means of reducing breast cancer mortality. However, the impact of mammographic screening on breast cancer mortality in premenopausal women is disputed. At least four potentially harmful consequences of mammographic screening merit consideration: lead time effect, radiation exposure, false-positives, and overdiagnosis. Thus, women between the ages of 40 and 49, in particular, should be informed of the potential for benefit and harm prior to mammographic screening. (C) 1999 by Excerpta Medica, Inc. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Jatoi, I (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 49 TC 42 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 3 PU CAHNERS PUBL CO PI NEW YORK PA 249 WEST 17 STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0002-9610 J9 AM J SURG JI Am. J. Surg. PD JUN PY 1999 VL 177 IS 6 BP 518 EP 524 DI 10.1016/S0002-9610(99)00096-3 PG 7 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 214WX UT WOS:000081351500019 PM 10414706 ER PT J AU Vick, DJ Goodman, ZD Deavers, MT Cain, J Ishak, KG AF Vick, DJ Goodman, ZD Deavers, MT Cain, J Ishak, KG TI Ciliated hepatic foregut cyst - A study of six cases and review of the literature SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SURGICAL PATHOLOGY LA English DT Review DE liver; benign hepatic cysts; ciliated hepatic foregut cyst; embryology ID FINE-NEEDLE ASPIRATION; LIVER; FEATURES; CT AB Ciliated hepatic foregut cyst (CHFC) is a rare, benign, solitary cyst consisting of ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium, subepithelial connective tissue, a smooth muscle layer, and an outer fibrous capsule. We studied six previously unreported cases of CHFC and 50 cases from the literature. The literature search revealed that Friedreich first described the lesion in 1857 and hypothesized its congenital origin. The cyst generally is found incidentally on radiologic imaging or during surgical exploration, although one case presented with portal vein compression. It occurs mon frequently in men and is found most commonly in the medial segment of the left hepatic lobe, unlike most other solitary cysts that show a female predominance and greater occurrence in the right hepatic lobe. Two of the 56 cases were multilocular. There has been an increase in the number of reports of CHFC during the past 15 years. This may reflect the increased availability and use of various radiologic imaging modalities. A large number of cases have been reported in the Japanese population, but the significance of this is unclear. CHFC should be considered in the differential diagnosis of other solitary liver cysts, including simple cysts, hepatobiliary cystadenomas, and parasitic cysts. C1 Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Pathol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Hepat & Gastrointestinal Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Area Lab Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Vick, DJ (reprint author), 13020 Brahms Terrace, Silver Spring, MD 20904 USA. NR 47 TC 53 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0147-5185 J9 AM J SURG PATHOL JI Am. J. Surg. Pathol. PD JUN PY 1999 VL 23 IS 6 BP 671 EP 677 DI 10.1097/00000478-199906000-00006 PG 7 WC Pathology; Surgery SC Pathology; Surgery GA 203PA UT WOS:000080715000006 PM 10366149 ER PT J AU Turell, MJ Ludwig, GV Kondig, J Smith, JF AF Turell, MJ Ludwig, GV Kondig, J Smith, JF TI Limited potential for mosquito transmission of genetically engineered, live-attenuated Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus vaccine candidates SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID VALLEY FEVER VIRUS; CULEX-PIPIENS; REPLICATION; MUTANT AB In an attempt to improve the current live-attenuated Vaccine (TC-83) for Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE), specific mutations associated with attenuation of VEE virus in rodent models were identified. These mutations were inserted into full-length cDNA clones of the Trinidad donkey strain of VEE virus by site-directed mutagenesis, and isogenic virus strains with these mutations were recovered after transfection of baby hamster kidney cells with infectious RNA. We evaluated 10 of these strains for their ability to replicate in and be transmitted by Aedes taeniorhynchus, a natural vector of epizootic VEE virus. Two vaccine candidates, one containing a deletion of the PE2 furin cleavage site, the other a combination of three separate point mutations in the E2 glycoprotein, replicated in mosquitoes and were transmitted to hamsters significantly less efficiently than was either parental (wild type) VEE virus or TC-83 virus. Although the attenuated strains were transmitted to hamsters by mosquitoes, after intrathoracic inoculation, there was no evidence of reversion to a virulent phenotype. The mutations that resulted in less efficient replication in, or transmission by, mosquitoes should enhance vaccine safety and reduce the possibility of environmental spread to unintentional hosts. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Vector Assessment Branch, Div Virol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Diagnost Syst Div, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Turell, MJ (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Vector Assessment Branch, Div Virol, 1425 Porter St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 14 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUN PY 1999 VL 60 IS 6 BP 1041 EP 1044 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 214FE UT WOS:000081317300027 PM 10403340 ER PT J AU Miner, TJ Shriver, CD Jaques, DP Maniscalco-Theberge, ME Krag, DN AF Miner, TJ Shriver, CD Jaques, DP Maniscalco-Theberge, ME Krag, DN TI Sentinel lymph node biopsy for breast cancer: The role of previous biopsy on patient eligibility SO AMERICAN SURGEON LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 67th Annual Scientific Meeting and Postgraduate Course Program, Southeastern Surgical Congress CY FEB 13-17, 1999 CL TAMPA, FLORIDA ID AXILLARY DISSECTION; GAMMA-PROBE; MANAGEMENT; CARCINOMA; LYMPHOSCINTIGRAPHY; LYMPHADENECTOMY; LOCALIZATION; METASTASES; T1A AB Several reports have demonstrated the accurate prediction of axillary nodal status with radiolocalization and selective resection of sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) in patients with breast cancer (BC). Because of concerns over lymphatic disruption, several authors have proposed that prior excisional breast biopsy is a contraindication for SLN biopsy. Clear unfiltered (99m)technetium-sulfur colloid (1.0 mCi) was injected around the perimeter of the breast lesion (palpable and nonpalpable) or prior biopsy site. Resection of the radiolocalized SLN was then performed. Axillary lymph node dissection was performed immediately after SLN biopsy in the first 57 patients. Eighty-two BC patients underwent SLN biopsy. The SLN was localized in 98 per cent (80 of 82). The type of previously performed diagnostic biopsy or the location of the primary lesion did not influence the ability to localize the sentinel lymph node. In the 57 patients who had axillary lymph node dissection, metastatic disease was identified in 23 per cent (13 of 57). Axillary nodal status was accurately predicted in 98 per cent (56 of 57). Early experience with radiolocalization and selective resection of SLN in BC remains promising. By demonstrating the effective localization of the SLN regardless of the extent of prior biopsy, these data support expanding the number of patients potentially eligible for SLN biopsy. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Gen Surg, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Vermont Canc Ctr, Burlington, VT USA. RP Shriver, CD (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Gen Surg, Washington, DC 20307 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [U01 CA65121-02] NR 31 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHEASTERN SURGICAL CONGRESS PI ATLANTA PA 141 WEST WIEUCA RD, STE B100, ATLANTA, GA 30342 USA SN 0003-1348 J9 AM SURGEON JI Am. Surg. PD JUN PY 1999 VL 65 IS 6 BP 493 EP 498 PG 6 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 200RC UT WOS:000080553000001 PM 10366201 ER PT J AU Havenstrite, KA Harris, JA Rivera, DE AF Havenstrite, KA Harris, JA Rivera, DE TI Giant colonic diverticulum: Report of a case SO AMERICAN SURGEON LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 67th Annual Scientific Meeting and Postgraduate Course Program, Southeastern Surgical Congress CY FEB 13-17, 1999 CL TAMPA, FLORIDA ID SIGMOID COLON; DISEASE AB Giant colonic diverticulum is a rare complication of colonic diverticulosis. It typically occurs as a single diverticulum located on the antimesenteric border of the sigmoid colon. The most widely accepted theory for its development attributes the progressive dilation to a "ball-valve" mechanism allowing air to enter but not to exit. Patients usually present complaining of abdominal pain and/or an abdominal mass, although they may remain asymptomatic, Physical examination reveals a tympanic abdominal mass that appears as a round radiolucency on plain radiographs and CT. Barium enema demonstrates the relationship of the diverticulum to bowel and may document communication with the colonic lumen, To alleviate symptoms and prevent complications, the recommended treatment is excision of the diverticulum in continuity with the involved colonic segment. We report a case and discuss the presentation, diagnosis, and management of giant colonic diverticulum. C1 Dwight David Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. RP Rivera, DE (reprint author), Dwight David Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. NR 15 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHEASTERN SURGICAL CONGRESS PI ATLANTA PA 141 WEST WIEUCA RD, STE B100, ATLANTA, GA 30342 USA SN 0003-1348 J9 AM SURGEON JI Am. Surg. PD JUN PY 1999 VL 65 IS 6 BP 578 EP 580 PG 3 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 200RC UT WOS:000080553000023 PM 10366213 ER PT J AU Falta, EM Rubin, AD Harris, JA AF Falta, EM Rubin, AD Harris, JA TI Peripheral clear cell cholangiocarcinoma: A rare histologic variant SO AMERICAN SURGEON LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 67th Annual Scientific Meeting and Postgraduate Course Program, Southeastern Surgical Congress CY FEB 13-17, 1999 CL TAMPA, FLORIDA ID INTRAHEPATIC CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA; LIVER; CARCINOMA AB We present the case of a 50-year-old diabetic male who underwent open cholecystectomy for acute gangrenous cholecystitis. At the time of exploration, a 1.5-cm mass was found peripherally in the right lobe of his liver, and an incisional biopsy was performed. Microscopic examination revealed a distinct overgrowth of clear cells in an acinar pattern, with tumor cells emerging directly from bile ducts. The tumor cells were periodic acid-Schiff reactive and diastase resistant, indicating the presence of mucin. No bile canaliculi were demonstrated by immunostaining with carcinoembryonic antigen. CT scans of the chest and abdomen were otherwise normal. Based on these microscopic, immunohistochemical, and clinical data, a diagnosis of clear cell cholangiocarcinoma was established. The patient later underwent reexploration and generous hepatic wedge resection. He did well postoperatively and is free of disease after 12 months. C1 Dwight David Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. RP Harris, JA (reprint author), Dwight David Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Dept Gen Surg, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOUTHEASTERN SURGICAL CONGRESS PI ATLANTA PA 141 WEST WIEUCA RD, STE B100, ATLANTA, GA 30342 USA SN 0003-1348 J9 AM SURGEON JI Am. Surg. PD JUN PY 1999 VL 65 IS 6 BP 592 EP 595 PG 4 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 200RC UT WOS:000080553000026 PM 10366216 ER PT J AU Courtney, BC Smith, MM Henchal, EA AF Courtney, BC Smith, MM Henchal, EA TI Development of internal controls for probe-based nucleic acid diagnostic assays SO ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE internal-external control; false-negative reactions; DNA probes; polymerase chain reaction; mutagenesis; site-directed; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; diagnostic tests; routine; Coxiella burnetii ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; CLINICAL SPECIMENS; QUANTITATIVE PCR; DNA; PERFORMANCE; STANDARDS AB A method is described for the design, evaluation, and application of internal control targets and probes for use in probe-based nucleic acid diagnostic assays (i.e., PCR-ELISA). The technique is a modified version of oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis in conjunction with PCR amplification to develop a novel probe-annealing sequence in a cloned IS1111a gene fragment of Coxiella burnetii, The internal control probe-recognition site with its complementary probe was identical to the wild-type-specific probe in length, base composition, location, and annealing temperature. Neither the internal control nor the wild-type probes annealed to the recognition sequence of the other. As both of the amplified nucleic acid fragments, internal control and wild type, were identical in length and base composition, the amplification conditions for the diagnostic assay were not affected. This allowed small copy numbers of the internal control clone to be loaded into a diagnostic assay without negatively affecting it. In a single reaction we were able to differentiate between an assay reporting a true or false-negative signal. A negative signal is defined as the absence of detectable pathogen genetic material (true) or inhibition/failure of the reaction (false). C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Diagnost Syst Div, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Courtney, BC (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Diagnost Syst Div, Attn MCMR-UID,1425 Porter St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 24 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0003-2697 J9 ANAL BIOCHEM JI Anal. Biochem. PD JUN 1 PY 1999 VL 270 IS 2 BP 249 EP 256 DI 10.1006/abio.1999.4099 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 202KQ UT WOS:000080651800008 PM 10334842 ER PT J AU James, WF Barko, JW AF James, WF Barko, JW TI Convective water exchanges in a wind-sheltered littoral region of Eau Galle Reservoir, Wisconsin USA SO ARCHIV FUR HYDROBIOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID NORTH-TEMPERATE RESERVOIR; PHOSPHORUS DYNAMICS; LAKE; MOBILIZATION; SEDIMENTS AB Rates of convective water exchange were estimated for periods of differential cooling from a heat budget model, based on detailed changes in water temperature at stations positioned along the littoral slope of the macrophyte-occupied southwest embayment in Eau Galle Reservoir, Wisconsin. Differential cooling and convective water exchanges occurred nightly over a study period of 14 days in August, 1991. Although wind speeds were negligible during most of the nights, estimated rates of convective exchange (grand mean = 0.00066 m(3) m(-1) s(-1)) were sufficient to result in a residence time of only similar to 1 day in this embayment. Rates of convective exchange calculated via a heat budget model in 1991 were very similar in magnitude to rates measured in 1989 in another embayment of Eau Galle Reservoir using dye as a tracer for water movement. Our results suggest that substantial horizontal water movements and solute transport can occur in the absence of wind in vegetated littoral regions of lakes. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Eau Galle Aquat Ecol Lab, Spring Valley, WI 54767 USA. RP James, WF (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Eau Galle Aquat Ecol Lab, Spring Valley, WI 54767 USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU E SCHWEIZERBARTSCHE VERLAGS PI STUTTGART PA NAEGELE U OBERMILLER JOHANNESSTRASSE 3A, D 70176 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0003-9136 J9 ARCH HYDROBIOL JI Arch. Hydrobiol. PD JUN PY 1999 VL 145 IS 3 BP 373 EP 383 PG 11 WC Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 214MM UT WOS:000081331800008 ER PT J AU Jandora, JW AF Jandora, JW TI War and culture: A neglected relation SO ARMED FORCES & SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB The strategic thinking that inevitably followed the end of the Cold War's bipolar rivalry has spawned some interesting theories about war in the twenty-first century. However, these do not adequately address the factor of culture, which probably offers the best insights on emerging regional and intrastate conflicts. We should not assume that the rationale for war or the means of war-making are one and the same for Hutus, Arabs, Russians, Chechens, Afghanis, and Kashmiris. In this regard, Adda Bozeman's older theory of war and culture deserves a second look. Although that theory primarily addresses the philosophy of war, it also lends itself to a comparative study of the ways of war. A cursory case study of conflict in the Levant demonstrates the potential merit of the cultural-historical method that Bozeman advocates. The full application of this method to all areas of strategic interest would be an extensive undertaking, but a valid effort nonetheless. C1 USA, Marine Crops Reserve, Washington, DC USA. RP Jandora, JW (reprint author), 791 Magellan Dr, Fayetteville, NC 28311 USA. NR 48 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANSACTION PERIOD CONSORTIUM PI PISCATAWAY PA DEPT 4010, RUTGERS UNIV, 35 BERRUE CIRCLE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08854-8042 USA SN 0095-327X J9 ARMED FORCES SOC JI Armed Forces Soc. PD SUM PY 1999 VL 25 IS 4 BP 541 EP + DI 10.1177/0095327X9902500402 PG 17 WC Political Science; Sociology SC Government & Law; Sociology GA 418ER UT WOS:000167878400001 ER PT J AU Battafarano, DF Enzenauer, RJ AF Battafarano, DF Enzenauer, RJ TI Severe exacerbation of systemic lupus erythematosus after hepatitis B vaccination and importance of pneumococcal vaccination in patients with autosplenectomy: comment on the article by Battafarano et al - Reply SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Letter C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Battafarano, DF (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD JUN PY 1999 VL 42 IS 6 BP 1308 EP 1308 DI 10.1002/1529-0131(199906)42:6<1308::AID-ANR39>3.0.CO;2-H PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 204VU UT WOS:000080786000040 ER PT J AU Millard, CB Kryger, G Ordentlich, A Greenblatt, HM Harel, M Raves, ML Segall, Y Barak, D Shafferman, A Silman, I Sussman, JL AF Millard, CB Kryger, G Ordentlich, A Greenblatt, HM Harel, M Raves, ML Segall, Y Barak, D Shafferman, A Silman, I Sussman, JL TI Crystal structures of aged phosphonylated acetylcholinesterase: Nerve agent reaction products at the atomic level SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ORGANOPHOSPHATE-INHIBITED ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE; ANHYDRIDE HYDROLASE ACTIVITY; HUMAN BUTYRYLCHOLINESTERASE; SUBSTRATE-SPECIFICITY; SERINE PROTEASES; CHOLINESTERASES; IDENTIFICATION; INTERMEDIATE; CHYMOTRYPSIN; SPECTROSCOPY AB Organophosphorus acid anhydride (OP) nerve agents are potent inhibitors which rapidly phosphonylate acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and then may undergo an internal dealkylation reaction (called "aging") to produce an OF-enzyme conjugate that cannot be reactivated. To understand the basis for irreversible inhibition, we solved the structures of aged conjugates obtained by reaction of Torpedo californica AChE (TcAChE) with diisopropylphosphorofluoridate (DFP), O-isopropylmethylphosponofluoridate (sarin), or O-pinacolylmethylphosphonofluoridate (soman) by X-ray crystallography to 2.3, 2.6, or 2.2 Angstrom,resolution, respectively. The highest positive difference density peak corresponded to the OF phosphorus and was located within covalent bonding distance of the active-site serine (S200) in each structure. The OF-oxygen atoms were within hydrogen-bonding distance of four potential donors from catalytic subsites of the enzyme, suggesting that electrostatic forces significantly stabilize the aged enzyme. The active sites of aged sarin- and soman-TcAChE were essentially identical and provided structural models for the negatively charged, tetrahedral intermediate that occurs during deacylation with the natural substrate, acetylcholine, Phosphorylation with DFP caused an unexpected movement in the main chain of a loop that includes residues F288 and F290 of the TcAChE acyl pocket. This is the first major conformational change reported in the active site of any AChE-ligand complex, and it offers a structural explanation for the substrate selectivity of AChE. C1 Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Neurol, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Biol Struct, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Israel Inst Biol Res, IL-70450 Ness Ziona, Israel. RP Millard, CB (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Weizmann Inst, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. OI Sussman, Joel/0000-0003-0306-3878 NR 63 TC 175 Z9 179 U1 1 U2 46 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD JUN 1 PY 1999 VL 38 IS 22 BP 7032 EP 7039 DI 10.1021/bi982678l PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 203CZ UT WOS:000080691200006 PM 10353814 ER PT J AU Braverman, SE Spector, J Warden, DL Wilson, BC Ellis, TE Bamdad, MJ Salazar, AM AF Braverman, SE Spector, J Warden, DL Wilson, BC Ellis, TE Bamdad, MJ Salazar, AM TI A multidisciplinary TBI inpatient rehabilitation programme for active duty service members as part of a randomized clinical trial SO BRAIN INJURY LA English DT Article ID INJURY AB Objective: To design and describe an effective rehabilitation programme for use in an ongoing trial on the efficacy of multidisciplinary brain injury rehabilitation for moderately head injured military service members. Design: Treatment arm of a randomized control trial. Setting: US military tertiary care hospital inpatient rehabilitation programme. Patients: Sixty seven active duty military with moderate to severe TBI who were randomized to the treatment arm of the protocol. Intervention: Eight week rehabilitation programme combining group and individual therapies with an inpatient milieu-oriented neuropsychological focus. Group therapies included fitness, planning and organization, cognitive skills, work skills, medication, and milieu groups, and community re-entry outings. Individual therapy included neuropsychology, work therapy, occupational therapy, and speech and language pathology. Main outcome measures: Successful return to work and return to duty. Results: At 1 year follow-up, 64 patients returned to work (96%) and 66% (44/67) returned to duty. Conclusion: The described rehabilitation programme demonstrates one successful effort to rehabilitate active duty military service members with TBI who have the potential to return to duty. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept PM&R, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn Advancement Mil Med, Def & Vet Head Injury Project, Washington, DC USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Braverman, SE (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept PM&R, Bldg 2 Rm 3J23, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 8 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON EC4A 3DE, ENGLAND SN 0269-9052 J9 BRAIN INJURY JI Brain Inj. PD JUN PY 1999 VL 13 IS 6 BP 405 EP 415 PG 11 WC Neurosciences; Rehabilitation SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Rehabilitation GA 204DA UT WOS:000080746600002 PM 10401542 ER PT J AU Gillett, MC AF Gillett, MC TI The history of the US Army Medical Service Corps. SO BULLETIN OF THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, Ctr Mil Hist, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Gillett, MC (reprint author), USA, Ctr Mil Hist, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA JOURNALS PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2715 NORTH CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4319 USA SN 0007-5140 J9 B HIST MED JI Bull. Hist. Med. PD SUM PY 1999 VL 73 IS 2 BP 348 EP 350 DI 10.1353/bhm.1999.0057 PG 3 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; History & Philosophy Of Science SC Health Care Sciences & Services; History & Philosophy of Science GA 205XA UT WOS:000080844800038 ER PT J AU Best, EPH Sprecher, SL Larson, SL Fredrickson, HL Bader, DF AF Best, EPH Sprecher, SL Larson, SL Fredrickson, HL Bader, DF TI Environmental behavior of explosives in groundwater from the Milan army ammunition plant in aquatic and wetland plant treatments. Removal, mass balances and fate in groundwater of TNT and RDX. SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID PHYTOREMEDIATION; TRANSFORMATION; DEGRADATION AB Phytoremediation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) in groundwater using constructed wetlands is a potentially economical remediation alternative. To evaluate Explosives removal and fate was evaluated using hydroponic batch incubations of plant and substrate treatments with explosives-contaminated groundwater amended with [U-(14)C]-TNT or [U-(14)C]-RDX. Plants and substrates were collected from a small-scale wetland constructed for explosives removal, and groundwater originated from a local aquifer at the Milan Army Ammunition Plant. The study surveyed three aquatic, four wetland plant species and two substrates in independent incubations of 7 days with TNT and 13 days with RDX. Parent compounds and transformation products were followed using (14)C and chemical (HPLC) analyses. Mass balance of water, plants, substrates and air was determined. It was demonstrated that TNT disappeared completely from groundwater incubated with plants, although growth of most plants except parrot-feather was low in groundwater amended to contain 1.6 to 3.4 mg TNT L(-1). Highest specific removal rates were found in submersed plants in water star-grass and in all emergent plants except wool-grass. TNT declined less with substrates, and least in controls without plants. Radiolabel was present in all plants after incubation. Mineralization to (14)CO(2) was very low, and evolution into (14)C-volatile organics negligible. RDX disappeared less rapidly than TNT from groundwater. Growth of submersed plants was normal, but that of emergent plants reduced in groundwater amended to contain 1.5 mg RDX L(-1). Highest specific RDX removal rates were found in submersed plants in elodea, and in emergent plants in reed canary grass. RDX failed to disappear with substrates. Mineralization to (14)CO(2) was low, but relatively higher than in the TNT experiment. Evolution into (14)C-volatile organics was negligible. Important considerations for using certain aquatic and wetland plants in constructed wetlands aimed at removing explosives from water are: (1) plant persistence at the explosives level to which it is exposed, (2) specific plant-mass based explosives removal rates, (3) plant productivity, and (4) fate of parent compounds and transformation products in water, plants, and sediments. C1 Amer Sic Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22101 USA. USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. USA, Ctr Environm, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Best, EPH (reprint author), Amer Sic Int Corp, 1365 Beverly Rd, Mclean, VA 22101 USA. NR 14 TC 47 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD JUN PY 1999 VL 38 IS 14 BP 3383 EP 3396 DI 10.1016/S0045-6535(98)00550-5 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 191CZ UT WOS:000080005200014 PM 10390848 ER PT J AU Adebonojo, SA Bowser, AN Moritz, DM Corcoran, PC AF Adebonojo, SA Bowser, AN Moritz, DM Corcoran, PC TI Impact of revised stage classification of lung cancer on survival - A military experience SO CHEST LA English DT Article DE lung cancer; lung cancer staging; lung neoplasm; surgery; survival rate ID RESECTION; THERAPY AB Study objectives: This report reviews results of surgical management of lung cancer at a miliary medical center using the revised 1997 stage classification and determines the impact of the revised system on survival rates. It also compares our results with the recent reports from Japan and from a large, multinational study involving several institutions. Design: Retrospective review. Setting: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Walter Reed Army Medical Center (WRAMC), Washington, DC. Patients or participants: Active military members, their dependents, and eligible retired military members who were admitted to WRAMC for surgical treatment of lung cancer between January 1984 and December 1996. Methods: Records of all patients who had surgical resection wit intent to cure were reviewed. Data extracted included clinical and pathologic stages according to the 1997 revised stage classification. Survival probabilities for the stages were calculated by the Kaplan-Meier actuarial method. The long rank test was used to compare survival rates between stages and stage subsets. A p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Measurements and results: Five hundred fifty-two of the 1,398 patients with primary lung cancers underwent curative surgical resection (39.5%). The operative mortality was 2%. Using the revised 1997 stage classification, the survival rate for stage IA was 77%; IB, 62%; IIA, 57%; IIB, 47%; IIIA, 28%; IIIB, 20%; and IV, 0%. The overall actuarial 5-year and 10-year survival rates were 58% and 45%, respectively (median survival, 3.3 years; mean survival 3.9 +/- 0.1 years). Conclusions: Our results confirm the justification for the recent revisions in the staging system of lung cancer; however, there are still discrepancies that cannot be explained. C1 Wright State Univ, Sch Med, Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Surg Serv, Dayton, OH 45428 USA. Wright State Univ, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Dayton, OH 45428 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Cardiothorac Surg, Washington, DC USA. RP Adebonojo, SA (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Sch Med, Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Surg Serv, 4100 W 3rd St, Dayton, OH 45428 USA. NR 18 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 USA SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD JUN PY 1999 VL 115 IS 6 BP 1507 EP 1513 DI 10.1378/chest.115.6.1507 PG 7 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 206FX UT WOS:000080867600007 PM 10378541 ER PT J AU Loube, DI Andrada, TF AF Loube, DI Andrada, TF TI Comparison of respiratory polysomnographic parameters in matched cohorts of upper airway resistance and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome patients SO CHEST LA English DT Article DE obstructive sleep apnea; polysomnography; upper airway resistance syndrome ID HYPOPNEA SYNDROME; SEDATED PIGS; PRESSURE; CONSEQUENCES; HEALTH AB Objective: To compare respiratory nocturnal polysomnography (NPSG) characteristics between matched cohorts of upper airway resistance syndrome (UARS) and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) patients, Methods: All patients received 13-channel NPSG, including esophageal pressure (Pes) manometry. By definition, OSAS patients had an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI, number of apneas/ hypopneas per hour total sleep time) greater than or equal to 15, and UARS patients had an AHI < 5, Respiratory effort-related arousal (RERA) was defined as the absence of apnea/hypopnea with greater than or equal to 10 s duration of progressive negative Pes, culminating in an arousal or microarousal. UARS patients, by definition, had greater than or equal to 15 RERAs per hour. Fifteen consecutively diagnosed UARS patients were matched with OSAS patients on the basis of bod, mass index (BMI) and gender. Results: Respiratory disturbance index (sum of the AHI and RERA per hour) was the same for both cohorts: UARS, 36 +/- 4; OSAS, 42 +/- 6 (p = 0.34). There were no differences between cohorts for mean inspiratory Pes nadirs for each 30-s epoch of sleep compared for each sleep stage ol er an entire night. For randomly selected breaths from supine stage 2 sleep, the mean inspiratory Pes nadir was the same for the cohorts: UARS, -16.6 +/- 2 cm H2O; OSAS, -16.1 +/- 3 cm H2O (p = 0.30), Differences between cohorts for each parameter fell within respective 95% confidence intervals. Conclusion: With the exception of AHI, respiratory NPSG parameters were the same for UARS and OSAS patients when BMI and gender were controlled for. RP Loube, DI (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Sleep Disorders Ctr, Pulm & Crit Care Med Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 27 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 USA SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD JUN PY 1999 VL 115 IS 6 BP 1519 EP 1524 DI 10.1378/chest.115.6.1519 PG 6 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 206FX UT WOS:000080867600009 PM 10378543 ER PT J AU Morse, RW Noe, S Caravalho, J Balingit, A Taylor, AJ AF Morse, RW Noe, S Caravalho, J Balingit, A Taylor, AJ TI Rest-redistribution Tl-201 single-photon emission CT imaging for determination of myocardial viability - Relationship among viability, mode of therapy, and long-term prognosis SO CHEST LA English DT Article DE coronary artery disease; prognosis; radionuclide imaging; revascularization ID LEFT-VENTRICULAR FUNCTION; CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE; VIABLE MYOCARDIUM; ISCHEMIC CARDIOMYOPATHY; BYPASS-SURGERY; F-18 FLUORODEOXYGLUCOSE; MEDICAL THERAPY; THALLIUM; REVASCULARIZATION; DYSFUNCTION AB Background: The diagnosis of viable myocardium in the setting of ischemic left ventricular systolic dysfunction might indicate which patients have the greatest prognostic benefit from myocardial revascularization. Single-photon emission CT (SPECT) thallium-201 (Tl-201) scintigraphy for the detection of viable myocardium is widely available in the community, but outcome data using this imaging modality are limited. Methods: Thirty-seven patients (mean [+/- SD] age, 62 +/- 12 years) with ischemic left ventricular dysfunction (mean ejection fraction, 30 +/- 9%) initially referred for rest-redistribution SPECT thallium scintigraphy were evaluated 29 +/- 19 months after coronary bypass surgery (n = 15) or medical therapy alone (n = 22). The relationship among myocardial viability, mode of therapy, and long-term prognosis was evaluated. Results: Significant myocardial viability (defined as a viability index [VI] of > 0.5) was present in 19 patients. Among patients with a VI > 0.5, the 48-month actuarial event-free survival was 89 +/- 10% for patients undergoing surgical revascularization, compared with 0% for the medical treatment subgroup (p = 0.005). In contrast, patients in the low-viability subgroup tended to have intermediate event-free survival rates, which were not statistically different for patients receiving either surgical (62 +/- 21%) or medical therapy (50 +/- 14%; p = 0.55), Conclusions: Survival is significantly more favorable for surgically revascularized patients with ischemic left ventricular dysfunction and myocardial viability as detected by SPECT Tl-201 scintigraphy. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Cardiol, Dept Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Taylor, AJ (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Cardiol, Dept Med, Bldg 2,Room 4A, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 26 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 USA SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD JUN PY 1999 VL 115 IS 6 BP 1621 EP 1626 DI 10.1378/chest.115.6.1621 PG 6 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 206FX UT WOS:000080867600025 PM 10378559 ER PT J AU Aimone, AC AF Aimone, AC TI Agent of destiny: The life and times of General Winfield Scott SO CIVIL WAR HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Aimone, AC (reprint author), US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KENT STATE UNIV PRESS PI KENT PA C/O JOURNALS DEPT, KENT, OH 44242 USA SN 0009-8078 J9 CIVIL WAR HIST JI Civil War Hist. PD JUN PY 1999 VL 45 IS 2 BP 161 EP 162 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 213QY UT WOS:000081285800005 ER PT J AU Furgerson, JL AF Furgerson, JL TI Clinical implications of endothelial dysfunction SO CLINICAL CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Serv Cardiol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Furgerson, JL (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Serv Cardiol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CLINICAL CARDIOLOGY PUBL CO PI MAHWAH PA PO BOX 832, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-0832 USA SN 0160-9289 J9 CLIN CARDIOL JI Clin. Cardiol. PD JUN PY 1999 VL 22 IS 6 BP 438 EP 438 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 203MR UT WOS:000080711900020 PM 10376188 ER PT J AU Wingo, ST Ringel, MD Anderson, JS Patel, AD Lukes, YD Djuh, YY Solomon, B Nicholson, D Balducci-Silano, PL Levine, MA Francis, GL Tuttle, RM AF Wingo, ST Ringel, MD Anderson, JS Patel, AD Lukes, YD Djuh, YY Solomon, B Nicholson, D Balducci-Silano, PL Levine, MA Francis, GL Tuttle, RM TI Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR measurement of thyroglobulin mRNA in peripheral blood of healthy subjects SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; THYROID-CANCER; CELLS; CARCINOMA AB Background: Thyroglobulin mRNA can be detected qualitatively in the peripheral blood of patients with metastatic thyroid cancer, thyroid cancer patients with residual thyroid bed uptake, and individuals with no known thyroid disease with intact thyroid glands by use of a lengthy, highly sensitive extraction technique. To improve and broaden the clinical usefulness of this assay, we developed a quantitative reverse transcription (RT)-PCR assay for thyroglobulin mRNA, using RNA recovered from whole blood with a simplified extraction technique. Methods: Whole blood was drawn from 32 healthy subjects in standard EDTA blood collection tubes. Total RNA was extracted from whole blood, using the PURE-script RNA isolation Kit. RT-PCR using intron-spanning primers was used to quantitatively amplify thyroglobulin mRNA, using the ABI PRISM 7700 Sequence Detection System with a fluorescent-labeled, thyroglobulin-specific oligonucleotide probe. Thyroid RNA calibration curves were created using total RNA recovered from a single nondiseased thyroid gland. Results: Qualitative RT-PCR demonstrated the presence of thyroglobulin mRNA in the whole blood sample of each healthy subject. The mean concentration of thyroglobulin mRNA detected in these subjects was 433 +/- 69 ng of total thyroid RNA per liter of whole blood (range, 26-1502 ng/L). Overall assay imprecision (CV) was 24% for five samples analyzed 10 times each in separate analytical runs on different days. Conclusions: Thyroglobulin mRNA can be accurately detected and quantified in peripheral blood from healthy subjects. This new quantitative technique may improve the clinical utility of circulating thyroglobulin mRNA detection in patients with thyroid disease. (C) 1999 American Association for Clinical Chemistry. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Washington, DC 20307 USA. William Beaumont Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, El Paso, TX 79920 USA. Washington Hosp Ctr, Dept Med, Washington, DC 20302 USA. Medlant Res Inst, Washington, DC 20302 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD 21215 USA. RP Tuttle, RM (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RI Ain, Kenneth/A-5179-2012; OI Ain, Kenneth/0000-0002-2668-934X; Levine, Michael/0000-0003-0036-7809 NR 11 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD JUN PY 1999 VL 45 IS 6 BP 785 EP 789 PN 1 PG 5 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 202UW UT WOS:000080671400006 PM 10351986 ER PT J AU Stickle, DF Cantrill, TL AF Stickle, DF Cantrill, TL TI Reporting of analytical precision-based probability of overlap for serial measurements of glycated hemoglobin. SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RI Stickle, Douglas/A-9682-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD JUN PY 1999 VL 45 IS 6 SU S BP A96 EP A96 PN 2 PG 1 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 202XB UT WOS:000080676500457 ER PT J AU Stickle, DF Reynolds, MA AF Stickle, DF Reynolds, MA TI Precision of singleton vs. duplicate measurements of standards for seven legit-log radioimmunoassays. SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RI Stickle, Douglas/A-9682-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD JUN PY 1999 VL 45 IS 6 SU S BP A96 EP A96 PN 2 PG 1 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 202XB UT WOS:000080676500454 ER PT J AU Michael, NL AF Michael, NL TI Chemokine receptor gene structure and function: Implications for HIV-1 pathogenesis SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Rockville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD JUN PY 1999 VL 45 IS 6 SU S BP S34 EP S35 PN 2 PG 2 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 202XB UT WOS:000080676500094 ER PT J AU Ghassemi, M Agger, WA Vanscoy, RE Howe, GB AF Ghassemi, M Agger, WA Vanscoy, RE Howe, GB TI Chronic sternal wound infection and endocarditis with Coxiella burnetii SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CHRONIC Q-FEVER; PNEUMONIA; EXPOSURE AB Chronic Q fever is most commonly associated with culture-negative endocarditis and less frequently with infection of vascular grafts, infection of aneurysms, hepatitis, pulmonary disease, osteomyelitis, and neurological abnormalities. We report a case of chronic sternal wound infection, polyclonal gammopathy, and mixed cryoglobulinemia in which Q fever endocarditis was subsequently diagnosed. Polymerase chain reaction analysis of the wound tissue was positive for Coxiella burnetii DNA, and treatment of the endocarditis resulted in prompt healing of the wound. Chronic Q fever can occur without epidemiological risk factors for C. burnetii exposure and can produce multisystem inflammatory dysfunction, aberrations of the immune system, and persistent wound infections. C1 Gundersen Lutheran Med Fdn, Dept Med Educ, La Crosse, WI USA. Gundersen Lutheran Med Fdn, Sect Infect Dis & Microbiol, La Crosse, WI USA. Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Div Allergy & Outpatient Infect Dis, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Syst Dev Dept, Diagnost Syst Div, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Agger, WA (reprint author), Gundersen Lutheran Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis, 1836 S Ave, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA. NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUN PY 1999 VL 28 IS 6 BP 1249 EP 1251 DI 10.1086/514797 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 207CD UT WOS:000080917000011 PM 10451161 ER PT J AU Mattson, W Rice, BM AF Mattson, W Rice, BM TI Near-neighbor calculations using a modified cell-linked list method SO COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; ALGORITHM AB We have modified the conventional cell-linked list method to reduce the number of unnecessary internuclear distance calculations in molecular simulations of systems containing many particles. In the conventional method, the simulation space is partitioned into cells with edge lengths no less than the cutoff distance of the interaction potential (r(cut)). The atoms are assigned to cells according to their spatial positions, and all internuclear distances for atoms within a cell and atoms in the same and nearest neighbor cells are evaluated. While this method ensures that the internuclear separations between all atom pairs within r(cut) are calculated, it allows for unnecessary internuclear distance calculations between pairs that are within the volume encompassing the neighbor cells, but that are separated by more than r(cut). The modified method presented here allows for reductions in the cell sizes and the number of atoms within the volume encompassing the neighbor cells, These reductions decrease the number of atoms that are outside of the interaction range and the number of unnecessary internuclear distance calculations while ensuring that all internuclear distances within the cutoff range are evaluated. We present algorithms to determine the volume with the minimum number of neighbor cells as a function of cell size and the identities of the neighboring cells. We also evaluate the serial performance using the modified form as functions of cell size and particle density for comparison with the performance using the conventional cell-linked list method. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, WM,BD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Rice, BM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, WM,BD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 9 TC 49 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0010-4655 J9 COMPUT PHYS COMMUN JI Comput. Phys. Commun. PD JUN PY 1999 VL 119 IS 2-3 BP 135 EP 148 DI 10.1016/S0010-4655(98)00203-3 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 225PZ UT WOS:000081971100004 ER PT J AU Meffert, JJ AF Meffert, JJ TI Galvanic urticaria SO CUTIS LA English DT Article AB A variety of environmental stimuli, such as vibration, ultraviolet radiation, and exposure to water, are recognized as causes of "physical urticaria." A medical student, participating in a demonstration of a galvanic device used in the treatment of hyperhidrosis, demonstrated urticaria in response to this galvanic stimulation. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium, Dept Dermatol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Meffert, JJ (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium, Dept Dermatol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 245 WEST 17TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0011-4162 J9 CUTIS JI Cutis PD JUN PY 1999 VL 63 IS 6 BP 327 EP 328 PG 2 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 206NH UT WOS:000080885500006 PM 10388952 ER PT J AU Albertini, JG Ramsey, ML Marks, VJ AF Albertini, JG Ramsey, ML Marks, VJ TI Temporal artery biopsy in a dermatologic surgery practice SO DERMATOLOGIC SURGERY LA English DT Article ID GIANT-CELL ARTERITIS; SURGICAL ANATOMY; FACIAL-NERVE; POLYMYALGIA RHEUMATICA; FASCIAL LAYERS; DOPPLER FLOW; DIAGNOSIS; FEATURES; LESIONS; REGION AB BACKGROUND. A positive temporal artery biopsy (TAB) is essential to the diagnosis of temporal arteritis. Both this relatively common disease and its prolonged treatment with corticosteroids are associated with serious sequelae. Therefore, accurate and timely diagnosis is critical. The dermatologic surgery literature lacks a description of this straightforward surgical technique, as TABs are most often performed by ophthalmologists. OBJECTIVE. AS a service to our rheumatology department we began performing TABs on a same-day on-call basis in July 1996. METHODS. We have performed 45 TABs in a 22-month period using a simple, safe, time-efficient technique. We review the surgical anatomy and danger zone of the temporal region and potential complications. We describe the biopsy technique which aims at safely obtaining a greater than 2 cm segment of a peripheral branch of the superficial temporal artery (STA), identified preoperatively by doppler ultrasonography. RESULTS. The procedure was performed on the day requested in all cases. Intraoperative time ranged from 20 to 40 minutes. TAB established the diagnosis of temporal arteritis in 8 of 44 biopsies (18%) and in 7 of 35 patients (20%), including 1 of 9 patients in whom we performed bilateral TAB. One patient was diagnosed with small-vessel polyarteritis nodosa by TAB. The mean formalin-fixed length of the arterial specimen was 2.2 cm. The length did not vary between positive and negative specimens. There were no complications and the cosmetic results were excellent. CONCLUSION. TAB is a quick, safe, straightforward, and gratifying office procedure which dermatologic surgeons are very qualified to perform. C1 Geisinger Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Danville, PA 17822 USA. RP Albertini, JG (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 63 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 1076-0512 J9 DERMATOL SURG JI Dermatol. Surg. PD JUN PY 1999 VL 25 IS 6 BP 501 EP 508 DI 10.1046/j.1524-4725.1999.08296.x PG 8 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 204XL UT WOS:000080790600025 PM 10469103 ER PT J AU Mbui, J Wasunna, M Martin, SK AF Mbui, J Wasunna, M Martin, SK TI A simple and inexpensive medium for culture of splenic aspirates in visceral leishmaniasis SO EAST AFRICAN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Letter C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Entomol, Div CD & 1, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU EAST AFRICAN MEDICAL JOURNAL PI NAIROBI PA CHYULU ROAD PO BOX 41632, NAIROBI, KENYA SN 0012-835X J9 E AFR MED J JI East Afr. Med. J. PD JUN PY 1999 VL 76 IS 6 BP 358 EP 358 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 252WM UT WOS:000083525300015 PM 10750528 ER PT J AU Walsh, MR Walsh, ME Collins, CM AF Walsh, MR Walsh, ME Collins, CM TI Remediation methods for white phosphorus contamination in a coastal salt marsh SO ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE attenuation; contaminated land; contamination; draining; dredging; Eagle River Flats; military activities; military bases; military impacts; pumping; remediation; wetland functions; wetland values; white phosphorus ID DUCKS AB With the closure of many military bases worldwide and a closer scrutiny of practices on remaining bases, the environmental impact of the military is now an important consideration in the operation of bases. Many previously-unknown environmental problems related to chemicals are surfacing. White phosphorus, a chemical commonly used as an obscurant, is a chemical previously thought to be innocuous after use. In 1990, however, it was linked to the deaths of thousands of waterfowl at the Eagle River Flats impact area on Ft Richardson near Anchorage, Alaska, USA, and shortly after, a series of remedial investigations was initiated. This paper describes three of the remedial methods currently under investigation, namely enhanced in-situ remediation, pond draining through ditching or pumping, and dredging. These three approaches are best applied in different environments, but they can be used together or in conjunction with other strategies. Their impacts on the environment will vary as well. Experience with these remediation strategies has proven very useful in determining the direction that the clean-up effort at Eagle River Flats (ERF) should take. Dredging, an effective means of removing contaminated sediments for off-site remediation, has been shown to be too slow and expensive at the ERF because unexploded ordnance is present. Enhanced natural remediation is effective under favourable climatological conditions in areas that experience intermittent flooding, but desaturation of the sediments is critical to its effectiveness. Pond draining by blasting a ditch effectively removes waterfowl feeding habitat, but attenuation of the contaminant is inhibited because the ditch increases flooding frequency, and the habitat alteration is permanent. Pond pumping, where feasible, has shown great potential for the desaturating of wide areas of ERF, enabling the natural attenuation mechanism to progress. Further investigation will be necessary to confirm these initial conclusions and determine the overall effectiveness of all three methodologies. Methods developed over the course of this work may be applied to other remediation projects where in-situ volatilization can occur and limited disturbance of wetlands is critical. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Ft Wainwright, AK 99703 USA. RP Walsh, MR (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 39 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0376-8929 J9 ENVIRON CONSERV JI Environ. Conserv. PD JUN PY 1999 VL 26 IS 2 BP 112 EP 124 DI 10.1017/S0376892999000168 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 222LJ UT WOS:000081786800005 ER PT J AU Larson, SL Jones, RP Escalon, L Parker, D AF Larson, SL Jones, RP Escalon, L Parker, D TI Classification of explosives transformation products in plant tissue SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE explosives; transformation; bioaccumulation; bioavailability; phytoremediation ID SIZE-EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY; 2,4,6-TRINITROTOLUENE; TNT; HEXAHYDRO-1,3,5-TRINITRO-1,3,5-TRIAZINE; SOIL AB Explosives contamination in surface or groundwater used for the irrigation of food crops and phytoremediation of explosives-contaminated soil or water using plant-assisted biodegradation have brought about concerns as to the fate of explosives in plants. Liquid scintillation counting, high-performance liquid chromatography, and gel permeation chromatography were utilized to characterize explosives (hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine and trinitrotoluene) and their metabolites in plant tissues obtained from three separate studies. Analyzing tissues of yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus), corn (Zen mays), lettuce (Lacuta saliva), tomato (Lyopersicum esculentum), radish (Raphanus sativus), and parrot feather (Myriophyllum aquaticum) from three studies where exposure to explosives at nontoxic levels (1-2 mg/L in water) occurred showed that extensive transformation of the explosive contaminant occurred, variations were noted in uptake and transformation between terrestrial and aquatic plants, the products had significantly higher polarity and water solubility than the parent compounds, and the molecular sizes of the transformation products were significantly greater than those of the parent compounds (approximately 300 times greater). C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Waterways Expt Stn, Environm Chem Branch, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. AScI Corp, Mclean, VA 22101 USA. RP Larson, SL (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Waterways Expt Stn, Environm Chem Branch, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 25 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 2 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JUN PY 1999 VL 18 IS 6 BP 1270 EP 1276 DI 10.1897/1551-5028(1999)018<1270:COETPI>2.3.CO;2 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 197YG UT WOS:000080393500029 ER PT J AU Lane, RR Day, JW Thibodeaux, B AF Lane, RR Day, JW Thibodeaux, B TI Water quality analysis of a freshwater diversion at Caernarvon, Louisiana SO ESTUARIES LA English DT Article ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; RAPIDLY SUBSIDING WETLAND; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; COASTAL SUBMERGENCE; CANAL IMPACTS; DELTA PLAIN; SALT-MARSH; SEDIMENT; ACCRETION; DENITRIFICATION AB Since 1991, Mississippi River water has been diverted at Caernarvon, Louisiana, into Breton Sound estuary. Breton Sound estuary encompasses 1100 km(2) of fresh and brackish, rapidly subsiding wetlands. Nitrite + nitrate, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, ammonium, total phosphorus, total suspended sediments, and salinity concentrations were monitored at seven locations in Breton Sound from 1988 to 1994. Statistical analysis of the data indicated decreased total Kjeldahl nitrogen with associated decrease in total nitrogen, and decreased salinity concentrations in the estuary due to the diversion. Spring and summer water quality transects indicated rapid reduction of nitrite + nitrate and total suspended sediment concentration as diverted Mississippi River water entered the estuary, suggesting near complete assimilation of these constituents by the ecosystem. Loading rates of nitrite + nitrate (5.6-13.4 g m(-2) yr(-1)), total nitrogen (8.9-23.4 g m(-2) yr(-1)), and total phosphorus (0.9-2.0 g m(-2) yr(-1)) were calculated along with removal efficiencies for these constituents (nitrite + nitrate 88-97%; total nitrogen 32-57%; total phosphorus 0-46%). The low impact of the diversion on water quality in the Breton Sound estuary, along with assimilation of TSS over a very short distance, suggests that more water may be introduced into the estuary without detrimental affects. This would be necessary if freshwater diversions are to be used to distribute nutrients and sediments into the lower reaches of the estuary, in an effort to compensate for relative sea-level rise, and reverse the current trend of rapid loss of wetlands in coastal Louisiana. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Coastal Ecol Inst, Baton Rouge, LA 70802 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, New Orleans Dist, New Orleans, LA 70160 USA. RP Lane, RR (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Coastal Ecol Inst, S Stadium Rd, Baton Rouge, LA 70802 USA. NR 57 TC 91 Z9 95 U1 5 U2 34 PU ESTUARINE RES FEDERATION PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0160-8347 J9 ESTUARIES JI Estuaries PD JUN PY 1999 VL 22 IS 2A BP 327 EP 336 DI 10.2307/1352988 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 236BN UT WOS:000082578500015 ER PT J AU Parameswaran, V Bentley, W Shukla, A Prosser, RA AF Parameswaran, V Bentley, W Shukla, A Prosser, RA TI A new approach for improving ballistic performance of composite armor SO EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS LA English DT Article ID PERFORATION; PROJECTILES; PENETRATION; CERAMICS; IMPACT AB An experimental investigation of the ballistic performance of composite armor with geometric modifications was carried out. The armor was simulated using polymeric materials. Four different geometric modifications were incorporated into the front plate of the armor, and two different adhesives were considered in this study, High-speed photography was employed to observe the real-time evolution of impact damage and to obtain the projectile penetration history. The nature and extent of damage for each modification and adhesive was estimated by postmortem inspection of the impacted armor and was compared to that obtained in unmodified armor of equal weight. The results of the study indicate that the geometric modifications alter the nature and extent of damage significantly compared to conventional composite armor. The strong adhesive causes tearing of the back plate, whereas the compliant adhesive results in extensive delamination without any back plate damage. The modifications assist in spreading the damage laterally away from the impact site, thus distributing the load onto a larger area of the back plate. Calculations using a one-dimensional theoretical model also conclude that geometrical modifications improve the ballistic performance of the armor. C1 Texas Instruments Inc, Attleboro, MA 02703 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Mech Engn & Appl Mech, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. USA, Soldier & Biol Chem Command, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0014-4851 EI 1741-2765 J9 EXP MECH JI Exp. Mech. PD JUN PY 1999 VL 39 IS 2 BP 103 EP 110 DI 10.1007/BF02331112 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 199PU UT WOS:000080491500004 ER PT J AU Young, RA Opresko, DM Watson, AP Ross, RH King, J Choudhury, H AF Young, RA Opresko, DM Watson, AP Ross, RH King, J Choudhury, H TI Deriving toxicity values for organophosphate nerve agents: A position paper in support of the procedures and rationale for deriving oral RfDs for chemical warfare nerve agents SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Review DE sarin; soman; tabun; VX; cholinesterase inhibitor; anticholinesterase ID ORGANO-PHOSPHATE; CHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY; SOMAN TOXICITY; ACETYLCHOLINE-RECEPTORS; MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS; REPETITIVE INJECTION; BEHAVIORAL TOXICITY; 4 STEREOISOMERS; RAT; SARIN AB During the process of deriving oral Reference Dose (RfDs) values for chemical warfare agents, several issues arose regarding the identification of adverse effect levels and the application of uncertainty factors. For those agents that function as cholinesterase inhibitors (e.g., agents VX, GA, GB, and GD), these issues included the following: (1) Is the endpoint of blood cholinesterase inhibition an indicator of toxicity or a biomarker of exposure? (2) Can an experimental animal species be more sensitive than humans, thereby eliminating the need for an animal-to-human uncertainty factor? (3) Can the uncertainty factor that is used to extrapolate from a lowest-observed adverse-effect-level (LOAEL) to a no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) be less than the default value of 10? (4) Can an oral RfD be derived from non-oral toxicity data? (5) Can an uncertainty factor of less than 10 be used to extrapolate from subchronic to chronic exposure (i.e., is the critical effect adequately described by the subchronic exposure data)? (6) What constitutes an adequate data base for organophosphate cholinesterase inhibitors, and what uncertainty factor should be used for an incomplete data base? Analysis of relevant data resulted in the following selection and justifications of uncertainty factors. For uncertainty associated with intraspecies extrapolation (UFH), physiologic and pathologic conditions affecting cholinesterase activity levels justified maintaining a UFH of 10 for all of the nerve agents. Because available data indicated that humans tended to be more sensitive than rats regarding anticholinesterase effects, an interspecies variability (UFA) factor of 10 was retained for agents GA, GB, and GD. For agent VX, however, the available data revealed that the domestic sheep test species exhibited sensitivity equivalent to or greater than that of humans thereby justifying a UFA of 1. For uncertainties regarding extrapolation from subchronic-to-chronic exposure data, consideration of information on the physiology of cholinergic systems and the available toxicity data for the nerve agents and other cholinesterase inhibitors indicated that a UFS of 3 was justified for all four of the nerve agents. For uncertainties regarding LOAEL-to-NOAEL extrapolation (UFL), the selection of agent GB, GD, and VX doses resulting in cholinesterase inhibition in the absence of clinical signs of toxicity (biomarker of exposure) justified this endpoint as a minimal LOAEL and a UFL of 3. For agent GA, a NOAEL was used, and therefore no UFL was required. The uncertainty factor for data base completeness (UFD),was based upon several considerations. Of primary concern was the fact that chronic toxicity studies are not considered an essential component of the data base requirements for cholinesterase inhibitors because of the unlikelihood that the endpoint will change with an increase in exposure time beyond that defined as a subchronic exposure. Additionally, limited data regarding reproductive and developmental toxicity were not considered to represent critical toxicity endpoints for the nerve agents or cholinesterase inhibitors in general. Although the data base for agents GA, GB, and GD were lacking reproductive and developmental toxicity data to some extent, a UFD of 3 was justified for the aforementioned reasons. The data base for agent VX was considered complete and a UFD of 1 was selected for development of the RfD for this agent. A modifying factor (MF) to reflect qualitative assessment of additional uncertainties in the critical study or data base that are not addressed by uncertainty factors was limited to agent GA due to the route-to-route (i.e., intraperitoneal to oral) extrapolation and to insure the equivalent oral NOAEL was not overestimated. This article provides a brief overview of the nerve agents, information on cholinergic systems that is pertinent to deriving toxicity values for nerve agents and other organophosphate cholinesterase inhibitors, and a discussion of key issues regarding the use of uncertainty factors in RfD derivations. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. USA, Ctr Environm, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Young, RA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. NR 142 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU CRC PRESS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA SN 1080-7039 J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. PD JUN PY 1999 VL 5 IS 3 BP 589 EP 634 DI 10.1080/10807039991289554 PG 46 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 213RL UT WOS:000081287000013 ER PT J AU Adler, E Clark, J Conn, M Phu, P Scheiner, B AF Adler, E Clark, J Conn, M Phu, P Scheiner, B TI Low-cost technology for multimode radar SO IEEE AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article AB A flexible test bed radar architecture is described which includes an integrated rf electronics package that can support multiple radar applications, including surveillance, fire control, target acquisition, and tracking. This type of architecture can significantly reduce the cost, power, size, and weight of electronics on future weapon delivery platforms. The Army Research Laboratory (ARL) is developing technology to support multimode radar requirements. These requirements include the detection and location of moving or stationary low radar cross section targets in heavy ground clutter and the classification and/or recognition of these targets. We address these requirements with commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) products and the integration of several enabling technologies. The test bed radar includes a direct digital synthesizer (DDS) for frequency-diverse waveform generation, a flexible wideband transceiver for bandwidth extension and frequency translation, and an open architecture signal processor with embedded wideband analog-to-digital converters for real-time acquisition and processing. Efficient signal processing algorithms have been developed to demonstrate multimode radar capability. This paper discusses the various subassemblies, algorithm efficiency, and field experiment results. C1 USA, AMSRL SE RU, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20873 USA. RP Adler, E (reprint author), USA, AMSRL SE RU, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20873 USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0885-8985 J9 IEEE AERO EL SYS MAG JI IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag. PD JUN PY 1999 VL 14 IS 6 BP 23 EP 27 DI 10.1109/62.769636 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 206GR UT WOS:000080869400009 ER PT J AU Phillips, J Bhattacharya, P Kennerly, SW Beekman, DW Dutta, M AF Phillips, J Bhattacharya, P Kennerly, SW Beekman, DW Dutta, M TI Self-assembled InAs-GaAs quantum-dot intersubband detectors SO IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE long-wavelength detectors; quantum dots ID WELL INFRARED PHOTODETECTORS; ELECTRICAL-IMPEDANCE MEASUREMENTS; PERFORMANCE; ABSORPTION; GROWTH; LASERS; SPECTROSCOPY; INGAAS; BAND; PHOTOCONDUCTIVITY AB The use of self-assembled InAs-GaAs quantum dots in photoconductive intersubband detectors in the far-infrared is presented. Far-infrared absorption is observed in self-assembled quantum dots: in the 6-18-mu m range for subband-subband and subband-continuum transitions. Photoconductive quantum-dot intersubband detectors were fabricated and demonstrate tunable operating wavelengths between 6-18 mu m using subband-subband or subband-continuum transitions. The use of AlAs barriers allows further tuning to shorter wavelengths of 3-7 mu m. Subband-continuum quantum-dot intersubband detectors show encouraging normal incidence performance characteristics at T = 40 K, with responsivities of 10-100 mA/W, detectivities of 1-10 x 10(9) cm.Hz(1/2)/W, and large photoconductive gain up to g = 12 for a ten-layer quantum-dot heterostructure, With improvements in device structure, self-assembled quantum dots can be expected to provide intrinsic normal incidence broad-band detectors with advantages over quantum wells. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Phillips, J (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RI Phillips, Jamie/E-9394-2010 NR 50 TC 190 Z9 193 U1 2 U2 17 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9197 J9 IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT JI IEEE J. Quantum Electron. PD JUN PY 1999 VL 35 IS 6 BP 936 EP 943 DI 10.1109/3.766837 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 201EH UT WOS:000080581700010 ER PT J AU Rizvi, SA Wang, LC Nasrabadi, NM AF Rizvi, SA Wang, LC Nasrabadi, NM TI Rate-constrained modular predictive residual vector quantization of digital images SO IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE image coding; modular neural network; predictive vector quantization AB In this letter, a novel modular coding paradigm is investigated using residual vector quantization (RVQ) with memory that incorporates a modular neural network vector predictor in the feedback loop, A modular neural network predictor consists of several expert networks that are optimized for predicting a particular class of data. The predictor also consists of an integrating unit that mixes the outputs of the expert networks to form the final output of the prediction system. The vector quantizer also has a modular structure. The proposed modular predictive RVQ (modular PRVQ) is designed by imposing a constraint on the output rate of the system. Experimental results show that the modular PRVQ outperforms simple PRVQ by as much as 1 dB at low bit rates. Furthermore, for the same peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), the modular PRVQ reduces the bit rate by more than a half when compared to the JPEG algorithm. C1 CUNY Coll Staten Isl, Dept Engn Sci & Phys, Staten Isl, NY 10314 USA. SONY Semicond Co Amer, San Jose, CA 95134 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20903 USA. RP Rizvi, SA (reprint author), CUNY Coll Staten Isl, Dept Engn Sci & Phys, Staten Isl, NY 10314 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1070-9908 J9 IEEE SIGNAL PROC LET JI IEEE Signal Process. Lett. PD JUN PY 1999 VL 6 IS 6 BP 135 EP 137 DI 10.1109/97.763144 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 195WM UT WOS:000080275200003 ER PT J AU Lee, CS Nalbandian, V AF Lee, CS Nalbandian, V TI Planar circularly polarized microstrip antenna with a single feed SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE circular polarization; patch antennas AB A novel circularly polarized (CP) microstrip antenna is introduced. The antenna is fed with a single coaxial probe and the structure is planar. The CP bandwidth is much larger than available single-probe microstrip antennas and the CP radiation quality is excellent over the entire upper hemisphere. C1 So Methodist Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. USA, CECOM, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Lee, CS (reprint author), So Methodist Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. NR 3 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD JUN PY 1999 VL 47 IS 6 BP 1005 EP 1007 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 223TN UT WOS:000081857100007 ER PT J AU Gao, EZ Sahba, S Xu, H Ma, QY AF Gao, EZ Sahba, S Xu, H Ma, QY TI A superconducting RF resonator in HF range and its multi-pole filter applications SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1998 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY SEP 13-18, 1998 CL PALM DESERT, CALIFORNIA ID MICROSTRIP FILTERS AB We report a new RF resonator that operates at high frequency (HF, 3-30 MHz) of electromagnetic spectrum. The resonator is fabricated on a double-sided HTS (YBCO) thin film on a single 2" LAO substrate. The resonator is of smaller size and has a higher Q-value than conventional copper resonators. At temperatures below 77 It the Q-value of the resonator is above 40,000. A 3-pole filter is made by using 3 of this resonator which demonstrates a low insertion loss. This report will discuss the design, fabrication, RF characteristics (return and insertion loss), and the Q-value of the devices in detail. The simulated model of the RF characteristics of the devices will also be given. C1 Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. USA, HQCECOM, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Gao, EZ (reprint author), Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. NR 15 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 1999 VL 9 IS 2 BP 3066 EP 3069 DI 10.1109/77.783676 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 225MC UT WOS:000081964500056 ER PT J AU Xu, H Gao, EZ Sahba, S Miller, JR Ma, QY Pond, JM AF Xu, H Gao, EZ Sahba, S Miller, JR Ma, QY Pond, JM TI Design and implementation of a lumped-element multipole HTS filter at 15 MHz SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1998 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY SEP 13-18, 1998 CL PALM DESERT, CALIFORNIA AB We have designed a three-pole bandpass filter operating at 15 MHz. The parameters of the filter include high Q, narrow band, low insertion loss and a return loss of 20 dB. The filter was fabricated from double-sided YBCO thin film on a two inch LAO substrate. Our design utilizes individual HTS lumped elements (interdigital capacitors and meander line inductors) to of the poles of the filter. The design and modeling of the filter are discussed in detail. Experimental results from the S-parameter measurements will be presented, Good agreement has been found between the simulation results and experimental data. C1 Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. USA, HQ CECOM, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. USN, Res Lab, Microwave Technol Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Xu, H (reprint author), Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 1999 VL 9 IS 2 BP 3886 EP 3888 DI 10.1109/77.783876 PN 3 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 225MC UT WOS:000081964500256 ER PT J AU Steer, MB Harvey, JF Mink, JW Abdulla, MN Christoffersen, CE Gutierrez, HM Heron, PL Hicks, CW Khalil, AI Mughal, UA Nakazawa, SB Nuteson, TW Patwardhan, J Skaggs, SG Summers, MA Wang, SM Yakovlev, AB AF Steer, MB Harvey, JF Mink, JW Abdulla, MN Christoffersen, CE Gutierrez, HM Heron, PL Hicks, CW Khalil, AI Mughal, UA Nakazawa, SB Nuteson, TW Patwardhan, J Skaggs, SG Summers, MA Wang, SM Yakovlev, AB TI Global modeling of spatially distributed microwave and millimeter-wave systems SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE circuit field interaction; circuit theory; electromagnetic analysis; global modeling; method of moments; microwave circuits; nonlinear analysis ID CIRCUITS; SIMULATION; AMPLIFIERS AB Microwave and millimeter-wave systems have generally been developed from a circuit perspective with the effect of the electromagnetic (EM) environment modeled using lumped elements or N-port scattering parameters. The recent development of the local reference node concept coupled with steady-state and transient analyses using state variables allows the incorporation of unrestrained EM modeling of microwave structures in a circuit simulator. A strategy implementing global modeling of electrically large microwave systems using the circuit abstraction is presented. This is applied to the modeling of a quasi-optical power-combining amplifier. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Army Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Ctr Adv Comp & Commun, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Cadence Design Syst, Analog & Mixed Signal Design Ctr, Cary, NC 27511 USA. Aerospace Corp, Chantilly, VA 20151 USA. Hughes Network Syst, Germantown, MD 20876 USA. Avant Corp, Durham, NC 27703 USA. RP Steer, MB (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Sch Elect & Elect Engn, Inst Microwaves & Photon, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. NR 26 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9480 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD JUN PY 1999 VL 47 IS 6 BP 830 EP 839 DI 10.1109/22.769316 PN 2 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 207YB UT WOS:000080962400003 ER PT J AU Bhattacharjee, AK Cross, AS AF Bhattacharjee, AK Cross, AS TI Vaccines and antibodies in the prevention and treatment of sepsis SO INFECTIOUS DISEASE CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI J5; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; ANTIENDOTOXIN CORE ANTIBODIES; GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTEREMIA; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; SEPTIC SHOCK; LIPID-A; CROSS-REACTIVITY; SALMONELLA-MINNESOTA AB Antibodies to various core glycolipid antigens have been shown to correlate with survival from Gram-negative sepsis. Recent preclinical data also support efficacy of the anti-core glycolipid antibodies in the treatment of sepsis. Failure of some of the previous clinical trials with anti-core glycolipid antibody was probably due to inadequate levels of antibody in those preparations. Future clinical trials must ensure that sufficient amounts of anti-core glycolipid antibodies are present in the circulation of patients with sepsis. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Bacterial Dis, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. UMD Sch Med, Greenebaum Canc Ctr, Program Infect Dis, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Bhattacharjee, AK (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Bacterial Dis, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 63 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0891-5520 J9 INFECT DIS CLIN N AM JI Infect. Dis. Clin. North Am. PD JUN PY 1999 VL 13 IS 2 BP 355 EP + DI 10.1016/S0891-5520(05)70079-9 PG 16 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 197WZ UT WOS:000080390500006 PM 10340171 ER PT J AU Xu, K Day, ND Angell, CA AF Xu, K Day, ND Angell, CA TI A new protonation chemistry of phosphazenes and the formation of bis(sulfonyl) imides SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE phosphazenes; (sulfonyl)imides AB The protonation of N-sulfonyl trichlorophosphazenes (R-1-N=PCl3) with sulfonic acids has been successfully utilized as a facile synthesis route for bis(sulfonyl) imides. It was also found that the formation of protonated imides is strongly affected by the acid strength of the proton donors and the N-substituents (R-1). When R-1 is a good leaving group, a hitherto unobserved protonation chemistry occurs, producing a series of mixed sulfonylphosphonylimides. A tentative rationale is proposed for the novel chemistry of phosphazenes. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Xu, K (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Mail Stop AMSRL SE DC, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-7003 J9 INORG CHEM COMMUN JI Inorg. Chem. Commun. PD JUN PY 1999 VL 2 IS 6 BP 261 EP 264 DI 10.1016/S1387-7003(99)00060-X PG 4 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 211NJ UT WOS:000081166900012 ER PT J AU Parker, CT Jarek, MJ Finger, DR AF Parker, CT Jarek, MJ Finger, DR TI Corticosteroid-associated epidural lipomatosis SO JCR-JOURNAL OF CLINICAL RHEUMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SPINAL-CORD COMPRESSION C1 William Beaumont Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Rheumatol Serv, El Paso, TX 79920 USA. RP Parker, CT (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Rheumatol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-1608 J9 JCR-J CLIN RHEUMATOL JI JCR-J. Clin. Rheumatol. PD JUN PY 1999 VL 5 IS 3 BP 141 EP 142 DI 10.1097/00124743-199906000-00006 PG 2 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 203XC UT WOS:000080732600006 PM 19078373 ER PT J AU Harik, VM Cairncross, RA AF Harik, VM Cairncross, RA TI Evolution of interfacial voids around a cylindrical inclusion SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MECHANICS-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID FIBER-REINFORCED COMPOSITES AB The formation and evolution of interfacial cavities is predicted for compression flows of a viscous solid around a rigid cylindrical inclusion. The resulting free-boundary problem is solved by the finite element method with boundary-fitted mesh motion. The matrix inclusion interface is perfectly weak and separates at a dynamic contact line. For a fixed set of geometric parameters, increasing the external pressure causes smaller interfacial voids and slower growth rates. The size of the stagnant voids found is affected by the applied pressure. The profiles of interfacial voids change from convex to convex-concave as the strain increases. This can lead to unstable cusps at low enough external pressures. The numerical predictions compare well with the experiments of Kao and Kuhn (1990) for void size as a function of strain in viscoplastic model materials. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Drexel Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Harik, VM (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Army Res Lab, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM harik@ccm.udel.edu NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0021-8936 J9 J APPL MECH-T ASME JI J. Appl. Mech.-Trans. ASME PD JUN PY 1999 VL 66 IS 2 BP 310 EP 314 DI 10.1115/1.2791050 PG 5 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 217AF UT WOS:000081476100003 ER PT J AU Zheng, L Joshi, RP Fazi, C AF Zheng, L Joshi, RP Fazi, C TI Dislocation defect based model analysis for the pre-breakdown reverse characteristics of 4H-SiC p(+)n diodes SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ZNO VARISTORS; SILICON; DEVICES; ELECTRONICS; TECHNOLOGY; MICROPIPE; FIELD AB A model analysis of the reverse characteristics of 4H-silicon carbide diodes in the pre-breakdown regime is carried out to probe the physics and qualitative trends arising from the presence of dislocations and traps in the material. Results compare favorably with recent data. The response is shown to be controlled primarily by the impact ionization process. With dislocation defects, significant increases in the device current, a softer threshold and lower hold-off capabilities are predicted in keeping with measurements. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(99)02711-5]. C1 Old Dominion Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Zheng, L (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 1999 VL 85 IS 11 BP 7935 EP 7938 DI 10.1063/1.370611 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 197FL UT WOS:000080354300066 ER PT J AU Fritsch-Yelle, JM Convertino, VA Schlegel, TT AF Fritsch-Yelle, JM Convertino, VA Schlegel, TT TI Acute manipulations of plasma volume alter arterial pressure responses during Valsalva maneuvers SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE baroreflex; hypovolemia; hypervolemia ID CENTRAL VENOUS-PRESSURE; BAROREFLEX RESPONSES; EXPANSION; PRIMATE; POSTURE; HUMANS AB The effects of changes in blood volume on arterial pressure patterns during the Valsalva maneuver are incompletely understood. In the present study we measured beat-to-beat arterial pressure and heart rate responses to supine Valsalva maneuvers during normovolemia, hypovolemia induced with intravenous furosemide, and hypervolemia induced with ingestion of isotonic saline. Valsalva responses were analyzed according to the four phases as previously described (W. F. Hamilton, R. A. Woodbury, and H. T. Harper, Jr. JAMA 107: 853-856, 1936; W F. Hamilton, R. A. Woodbury, and H. T. Harper, Jr. Am. J. Physiol. 141: 42-50, 1944). Phase I is the initial onset of straining, which elicits a rise in arterial pressure; phase II is the period of straining, during which venous return is impeded and pressure falls (early) and then partially recovers (late); phase III is the initial release of straining; and phase IV consists of a rapid "overshoot" of arterial pressure after the release. During hypervolemia, early phase II arterial pressure decreases were significantly less than those during hypovolemia, thus making the response more "square." Systolic pressure hypervolemic vs. hypovolemic falls were -7.4 +/- 2.1 vs. -30.7 +/- 7 mmHg (P = 0.005). Diastolic pressure hypervolemic vs, hypovolemic falls were -2.4 +/- 1.6 vs. -15.2 +/- 2.6 mmHg (P = 0.05). A significant direct correlation was found between plasma volume and phase II systolic pressure falls, and a significant inverse correlation was found between plasma volume and phase III-TV systolic pressure overshoots. Heart rate responses to systolic pressure falls during phase II were significantly less during hypovolemia than during hypervolemia (0.7 +/- 0.2 vs. 2.82 +/- 0.2 beats.min(-1).mmHg(-1); P = 0.05) but were not different during phase III-TV overshoots. We conclude that acute changes in intravascular volume from hypovolemia to hypervolemia affect cardiovascular responses, particularly arterial pressure changes, to the Valsalva maneuver and should be considered in both clinical and research applications of this maneuver. C1 NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Life Sci Res Labs, Houston, TX 77058 USA. USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Fritsch-Yelle, JM (reprint author), NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Life Sci Res Labs, SD361, Houston, TX 77058 USA. NR 27 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 8750-7587 J9 J APPL PHYSIOL JI J. Appl. Physiol. PD JUN PY 1999 VL 86 IS 6 BP 1852 EP 1857 PG 6 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA 204TV UT WOS:000080781400021 PM 10368349 ER PT J AU Jex, SM Bliese, PD AF Jex, SM Bliese, PD TI Efficacy beliefs as a moderator of the impact of work-related stressors: A multilevel study SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Annual Conference of the Society-for-Industrial-and-Organizational-Psychology CY APR, 1998 CL DALLAS, TEXAS SP Soc Ind & Org Psychol ID SELF-EFFICACY; TRAINING METHOD; NEGATIVE AFFECTIVITY; MULTIPLE-REGRESSION; METHOD VARIANCE; LEVEL; PERFORMANCE; PERCEPTIONS; PREDICTORS; NEWCOMERS AB This study built on previous exploratory research (S. M. Jex. & D. M. Gudanowski, 1992) that examined both self-efficacy and collective efficacy as moderators of stressor-strain relations. Based on survey data collected from 2,273 U.S. Army soldiers representing 36 companies, it was found that both self- and collective efficacy moderated the relationship between stressors and strains. Multilevel random coefficient model results revealed that respondents with strong self-efficacy reacted less negatively in terms of psychological and physical strain to long work hours and work overload than did those reporting low levels of efficacy. In addition, respondents with high levels of self-efficacy responded more positively in terms of job satisfaction to tasks with high significance than did those with low efficacy. The results also revealed that group-level collective efficacy moderated the relationship between work overload and job satisfaction and between task significance and organizational commitment. Limitations of the study and implications of these findings are discussed. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Psychol, Oshkosh, WI 54901 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Operat Stress Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Bliese, PD (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Psychol, 800 Algoma Blvd, Oshkosh, WI 54901 USA. NR 55 TC 223 Z9 247 U1 4 U2 28 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0021-9010 J9 J APPL PSYCHOL JI J. Appl. Psychol. PD JUN PY 1999 VL 84 IS 3 BP 349 EP 361 DI 10.1037//0021-9010.84.3.349 PG 13 WC Psychology, Applied; Management SC Psychology; Business & Economics GA 205BN UT WOS:000080801600004 PM 10380416 ER PT J AU Bolman, WM Richmond, JA AF Bolman, WM Richmond, JA TI A double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover pilot trial of low dose dimethylglycine in patients with autistic disorder SO JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE autism; dimethylglycine ID RECEPTOR AB As the treatability of the syndrome of autism becomes more possible there is a great deal more interest in the effectiveness of various therapies. Although the very influential nonmedical literature cited in the Autism Research Review International Newsletter finds that dimethylglycine (DMG) is regarded as more effective than the usual psychopharmacologic drugs, there have been no studies of DMG using the currently accepted research methodology. We report a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover pilot study of low dose DMG and placebo in a sample of eight autistic males ranging in age from 4 years 5 months to 30 years 8 months, who completed the full 3 1/2-month study consisting of drug-free baseline periods at the beginning, end, and in-between two, 1-month double-blind trials in which DMG or placebo was given. Measures included the Campbell-NIMH rating scale, an experimental rating scale, and an individualized scale created for each child. Analysis of all three scales revealed no statistically significant differences, and parent reports were equally distributed. The major methodologic weaknesses of the study are thought to be the low dosage of DMG and the small sample size. C1 Univ Hawaii, Sch Med, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Bolman, WM (reprint author), 1600 Kapiolani Blvd,620, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. NR 30 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0162-3257 J9 J AUTISM DEV DISORD JI J. Autism Dev. Disord. PD JUN PY 1999 VL 29 IS 3 BP 191 EP 194 DI 10.1023/A:1023023820671 PG 4 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 214WW UT WOS:000081351400002 PM 10425581 ER PT J AU Bracuti, AJ AF Bracuti, AJ TI Crystal structure refinement of nitroguanidine SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE nitroguanidine; energetic molecule; structure; oxidizer AB The crystal and molecular structure of nitroguanidine was refined using X-ray single-crystal diffraction methods. Previous structure determinations achieved with single crystal photographic or neutron powder techniques yielded values for the C-N 'formal' double bond-length that either equaled or exceeded the 'formal' C-N single-bond lenghts. Bond lengths were more precisely and accurately determined here than in the previous studies, but the 'formal' double-bond length still exceeds the 'formal' single bond lengths. Comparisons of crystal bond lengths with ab initio derived bond lengths of an isolated nitroguanidine molecule and hydrogen-bonded clusters of nitroguanidine molecules suggest that observed bond-length abnormalities are caused by intermolecular forces in the crystal. The crystal is orthorhombic, with a = 17.6390(5), b = 24.8730(7), c = 3.5903(1) Angstrom, V = 1575.19 Angstrom(3), Z = 16, and D-calc = 1.736 g cm(-3). C1 USA, ARDEC, Energet & Warheads Div, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. RP Bracuti, AJ (reprint author), USA, ARDEC, Energet & Warheads Div, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. RI G, Neela/H-3016-2014 NR 13 TC 21 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 8 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1074-1542 J9 J CHEM CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Chem. Crystallogr. PD JUN PY 1999 VL 29 IS 6 BP 671 EP 676 DI 10.1023/A:1009519703355 PG 6 WC Crystallography; Spectroscopy SC Crystallography; Spectroscopy GA 267WU UT WOS:000084382900006 ER PT J AU Kikendall, JW AF Kikendall, JW TI Pill esophagitis SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Review DE esophagitis; esophageal injury; odynophagia; iatrogenic injury; dysphagia ID ALENDRONATE; ULCERATION; INJURY; STRICTURE; FEATURES; TABLETS AB Nine hundred seventy-nine cases of pill esophagitis due to nearly 100 different medications are reviewed. Pill-induced injuries occur when caustic medicinal pills dissolve - in the esophagus rather than passing rapidly into the stomach as intended. Most patients suffer only self-limited pain, but esophageal hemorrhage, stricture, and perforation may occur, and fatal injuries have been reported. The incidence of this iatrogenic injury can be reduced but not eliminated by emphasizing the importance of taking pills while upright and with plenty of fluids. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Gastroenterol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Kikendall, JW (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Gastroenterol Serv, 6900 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 40 TC 51 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0192-0790 J9 J CLIN GASTROENTEROL JI J. Clin. Gastroenterol. PD JUN PY 1999 VL 28 IS 4 BP 298 EP 305 DI 10.1097/00004836-199906000-00004 PG 8 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 199ZG UT WOS:000080513500004 PM 10372925 ER EF