FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Meyer, BJ Schmaljohn, C AF Meyer, BJ Schmaljohn, C TI Accumulation of terminally deleted RNAs may play a role in Seoul virus persistence SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID KOREAN HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; HANTAAN VIRUS; ETIOLOGIC AGENT; MESSENGER-RNA; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; RENAL SYNDROME; NUCLEOCAPSID PROTEIN; CODING STRATEGY; GENOME SEGMENT; S-GENOME AB Two independent, long-term infections were analyzed to determine whether changes in viral replication could contribute to the establishment and/or maintenance of persistent Seoul virus infections. Infected cell cultures initially contained high levels of infectious virus and intracellular viral RNA that peaked between approximately 7 to 16 days postinfection and then gradually declined until day 26. After day 26, the viral titers and the levels of the small (S), medium (M), and large (L) viral RNAs varied cyclically until the end of the studies. The changes in the concentrations of the RNAs and titer were similar in pattern and appeared to result from changes in the regulation of replication. Neither internal deletions nor an accumulation of nucleotide changes were found in the RNAs, However, fine mapping and sequence analysis revealed short deletions in some of the RNAs in the conserved complementary terminal sequences believed to contain the signals for initiation of replication and transcription. Deletions at the 3' termini of S, M, and L virus-sense RNAs (vRNAs) accumulated during the acute phase of infection just before the time that the viral titer and the concentration of vRNAs and virus complementary-sense RNAs (cRNAs) began to decline. The absence of deletions at the 5' termini of the S, M, and L cRNAs suggests that the 3'-deleted vRNAs may not be replication competent, Thus, as the percentage of 3'-deleted vRNAs increase in the population, they could potentially compete with standard virus and downregulate viral replication. Deletions at the 3' L cRNA and 5' L vRNA termini were also observed, and the proportion of these deleted RNAs varied cyclically during the infections. We propose a model in which terminal nucleotide deletions arise by nuclease activity of the viral polymerase. In addition, we speculate that cleaved terminal fragments might be used as primers during replication, resulting in the repair of some of the deleted RNAs. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Dept Mol Virol, Div Virol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Schmaljohn, C (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Dept Mol Virol, Div Virol, 1301 Ditto Ave, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 40 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 74 IS 3 BP 1321 EP 1331 DI 10.1128/JVI.74.3.1321-1331.2000 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA 273YZ UT WOS:000084738100029 PM 10627543 ER PT J AU Geisbert, TW Hensley, LE Gibb, TR Steele, KE Jaax, NK Jahrling, PB AF Geisbert, TW Hensley, LE Gibb, TR Steele, KE Jaax, NK Jahrling, PB TI Apoptosis induced in vitro and in vivo during infection by Ebola and Marburg viruses SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article ID AFRICAN SWINE FEVER; FOLLICULAR DENDRITIC CELLS; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; B-CELLS; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; LYMPH-NODES; MONKEYS; DEATH; DISEASE; MECHANISMS AB Induction of apoptosis has been documented during infection with a number of different viruses. In this study, we used transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling to investigate the effects of Ebola and Marburg viruses on apoptosis of different cell populations during in vitro and in vivo infections. Tissues from 18 filovirus-infected nonhuman primates killed in extremis were evaluated. Apoptotic lymphocytes were seen in all tissues examined. Filoviral replication occurred in cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system and other well-documented cellular targets by TEM and immunohistochemistry, but there was no evidence of replication in lymphocytes. With the exception of intracytoplasmic viral inclusions, filovirus-infected cells were morphologically normal or necrotic, but did not exhibit ultrastructural changes characteristic of apoptosis. In lymph nodes, filoviral antigen was co-localized with apoptotic lymphocytes. Examination of cell populations in lymph nodes showed increased numbers of macrophages and concomitant depletion of CD8(+) T cells and plasma cells in filovirus-infected animals. This depletion was particularly striking in animals infected with the Zaire subtype of Ebola virus. In addition, apoptosis was demonstrated in vitro in lymphocytes of filovirus-infected human peripheral blood mononuclear cells by TEM. These findings suggest that lymphopenia and lymphoid depletion associated with filoviral infections result from lymphocyte apoptosis induced by a number of factors that may include release of various chemical mediators from filovirus-infected or activated cells, damage to the fibroblastic reticular cell conduit system, and possibly stimulation by a viral protein. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, MCM UIP D, Div Pathol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, AT&T Headquarters, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Geisbert, TW (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, MCM UIP D, Div Pathol, 1425 Porter St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 63 TC 179 Z9 191 U1 1 U2 19 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 80 IS 2 BP 171 EP 186 PG 16 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 288BQ UT WOS:000085542300006 PM 10701687 ER PT J AU Mahan, BL Polasky, S Adams, RM AF Mahan, BL Polasky, S Adams, RM TI Valuing urban wetlands: A property price approach SO LAND ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID IMPLICIT MARKETS; HEDONIC PRICES; MODELS; PARAMETERS; DEMAND AB This study estimates the value of wetland amenities in the Portland, Oregon, metropolitan area using the hedonic property price model. Residential housing and wetland data are used to relate the sales price of a property to structural characteristics, neighborhood attributes, and amenities of wetlands and other environmental characteristics. Measures of interest are distance to and size of wetlands, including distance to four different wetland types; open water, emergent vegetation, scrub-shrub, and forested. Other environmental variables include proximity to parks, lakes, streams, and rivers. Results indicate that wetlands influence the value of residential property and that wetlands influence property values differently than other amenities. Increasing the size of the nearest wetland to a residence by one acre increased the residence's value by $24. Similarly, reducing the distance to nearest wetland by 1,000 feet increased the value by $436. Home values were not influenced by wetland type. (JEL Q25). C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Hydroelect Design Ctr, Portland, OR USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Appl Econ, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Mahan, BL (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Hydroelect Design Ctr, Portland Dist, Portland, OR USA. NR 27 TC 151 Z9 155 U1 2 U2 44 PU UNIV WISCONSIN PI MADISON PA SOCIAL SCIENCE BLDG, MADISON, WI 53706 USA SN 0023-7639 J9 LAND ECON JI Land Econ. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 76 IS 1 BP 100 EP 113 DI 10.2307/3147260 PG 14 WC Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 309ZM UT WOS:000086799900008 ER PT J AU Gross, RD Burgess, LP Holtel, MR Hall, DJ Ramsey, M Tsai, PD Birkmire-Peters, D AF Gross, RD Burgess, LP Holtel, MR Hall, DJ Ramsey, M Tsai, PD Birkmire-Peters, D TI Saline irrigation in the prevention of otorrhea after tympanostomy tube placement SO LARYNGOSCOPE LA English DT Article DE otorrhea; tympanostomy tubes; ototoxicity; otic drops; saline irrigation ID POSTTYMPANOSTOMY OTORRHEA; BACTERIOLOGY; DROPS AB Objectives: Comparison of intraoperative saline irrigation to otic drops in the prevention of postoperative otorrhea in children with middle ear effusion undergoing bilateral myringotomy with ventilation tubes. Study Design: This study was designed as a blinded, controlled, prospectively randomized trial. Methods: Study children were randomly assigned to receive either otic drops for 3 days postoperatively or saline irrigation of the middle ear space at the time of myringotomy, Only children with effusion present at the time of surgery were included. All children were evaluated for drainage 7 to 14 days postoperatively, and the degree of drainage was graded from 0 to 4. Results: Of the 84 patients entered into the study, 62 patients were eligible for data analysis (16 failed follow-up, 6 records mere lost). Of the patients who completed the study, not all had bilateral effusions, resulting in 111 ears for inclusion in the study, Fifty-two ears underwent irrigation, and 10 were noted to have otorrhea (19.2%). Fifty-nine ears received otic drops, resulting in 21 ears with otorrhea (35.6%). Evaluating the degree of otorrhea with a five-point Leichert scale, the average score per ear was 0.42 for the saline irrigation group and 1.07 for the control group. The rate and degree of drainage were both statistically reduced in the saline irrigation group (P < .05). Conclusions: Using middle ear irrigation at the time of tympanostomy may be more effective than antibiotic drops in preventing postoperative otorrhea. C1 USN Hosp, Div Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Jacksonville, NC 28547 USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Div Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Gross, RD (reprint author), USN Hosp, Div Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, 100 Brewster Dr,Camp Lejeune, Jacksonville, NC 28547 USA. NR 13 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0023-852X J9 LARYNGOSCOPE JI Laryngoscope PD FEB PY 2000 VL 110 IS 2 BP 246 EP 249 DI 10.1097/00005537-200002010-00011 PN 1 PG 4 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Otorhinolaryngology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Otorhinolaryngology GA 282ND UT WOS:000085224200011 PM 10680924 ER PT J AU Iqbal, SS Lulka, MF Chambers, JP Thompson, RG Valdes, JJ AF Iqbal, SS Lulka, MF Chambers, JP Thompson, RG Valdes, JJ TI Artificial Receptors: molecular imprints discern closely related toxins SO MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING C-BIOMIMETIC AND SUPRAMOLECULAR SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE artificial receptors; molecular imprints; closely related toxins ID MU-CONOTOXIN-GIIIA; SODIUM-CHANNELS; BLOCKER AB We describe silane molecular imprints which can discriminate closely related toxins, supporting the potential usefulness of molecular imprints as artificial receptors, i.e., sensing elements, for detection of biological toxins. Molecular imprints to N-acetylated mu-Conotoxin GIIIB (NacGIIIB) were prepared and binding assays carried out using [C-14]-NacGIIIB. In accordance with a Type I Langmuir adsorption isotherm, saturation of NacGIIIB imprint binding sites occurred at approximately 6.25 mu M and Scatchard analysis revealed a relatively high binding affinity (K-d = 0.37 nM). Binding assays carried out in the presence of a 10-fold molar excess of unlabeled ligand (NacGIIIB) indicated a significant decrease in bound [C-14]-NacGIIIB, i.e., > 90%. In contrast, incubation of [C-14]-NacGIIIB with GIIIA or GIIIB as well as a variety of other Conotoxins demonstrated no significant competition. However, NacGIIIB's closest congener, i.e., NacGIIIA, competed, but required a higher concentration (K-0.5 congruent to 12.5 mu M) to achieve 50% reduction in binding of [C-14]-NacGIIIB than that observed for NacGIIIB (K-0.5 congruent to 6.25 mu M) These results suggest that simple silane imprints can discern subtle differences in tertiary structure of closely related small proteins. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Texas, Div Life Sci, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. USA, Edgewood Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Chambers, JP (reprint author), Univ Texas, Div Life Sci, 6900 N Loop 1604 W, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. NR 18 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0928-4931 J9 MAT SCI ENG C-BIO S JI Mater. Sci. Eng. C-Biomimetic Supramol. Syst. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 7 IS 2 BP 77 EP 81 DI 10.1016/S0928-4931(99)00090-9 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 301FZ UT WOS:000086301000001 ER PT J AU Sawka, MN Convertino, VA Eichner, ER Schnieder, SM Young, AJ AF Sawka, MN Convertino, VA Eichner, ER Schnieder, SM Young, AJ TI Blood volume: importance and adaptations to exercise training, environmental stresses, and trauma/sickness SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Review DE erythrocyte volume; physical exercise; heat stress; hypoxia; microgravity; plasma volume; space; vascular volumes ID RECOMBINANT-HUMAN-ERYTHROPOIETIN; CENTRAL VENOUS-PRESSURE; MAXIMAL AEROBIC CAPACITY; OPERATION EVEREST-II; STAGE RENAL-DISEASE; PLASMA-VOLUME; HEAT-STRESS; INDUCED HYPERVOLEMIA; SUBMAXIMAL EXERCISE; PROLONGED EXERCISE AB This paper reviews the influence of several perturbations (physical exercise, heat stress, terrestrial altitude, microgravity, and trauma/sickness) on adaptations of blood volume (BV), erythrocyte volume (EV), and plasma volume (PV). Exercise training can induce BV expansion: PV expansion usually occurs immediately, but EV expansion takes weeks. EV and PV expansion contribute to aerobic power improvements associated with exercise training. Repeated heat exposure induces PV expansion but does nor alter EV. PV expansion does not improve thermoregulation, but EV expansion improves thermoregulation during exercise in the heat. Dehydration decreases PV (and increases plasma tonicity) which elevates heat strain and reduces exercise performance. High altitude exposure causes rapid (hours) plasma loss. During initial weeks at altitude, EV is unaffected, but a gradual expansion occurs with extended acclimatization. BV adjustments contribute, but are not key, to altitude acclimatization. Microgravity decreases PV and EV which contribute to orthostatic intolerance and decreased exercise capacity in astronauts. PV decreases may result from Lower set points for total body water and central venous pressure, while EV decreases may result from increased erythrocyte destruction. Trauma, renal disease, and chronic diseases cause anemia from hemorrhage and immune activation which suppresses erythropoiesis. The reestablishment of EV is associated with healing, improved life quality, and exercise capabilities for these injured/sick persons. C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Thermal & Mt Med Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK USA. NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. RP Sawka, MN (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Thermal & Mt Med Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 172 TC 194 Z9 199 U1 3 U2 22 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 32 IS 2 BP 332 EP 348 DI 10.1097/00005768-200002000-00012 PG 17 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 283TG UT WOS:000085291400012 PM 10694114 ER PT J AU Hough, D Lewis, P AF Hough, D Lewis, P TI A suicide prevention advisory group at an academic medical center SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID INPATIENTS; RISK AB During a 15-month period, there were seven suicides among patients who were in active treatment or who had been seen recently by providers in the Department of Psychiatry of Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii. As a result, a Suicide Prevention Advisory Group was formed to identify possible causes and make recommendations aimed at improving the identification and treatment of suicidal patients. The group made 11 specific recommendations. No known suicides occurred during the 22 months after the implementation of the Suicide Prevention Advisory Group's recommendations. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Psychiat Outpatient Serv, Honolulu, HI 96819 USA. RP Hough, D (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Psychiat Outpatient Serv, Honolulu, HI 96819 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 165 IS 2 BP 97 EP 100 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 285RR UT WOS:000085402300007 PM 10709368 ER PT J AU Liewehr, FR AF Liewehr, FR TI Endodontics and dental readiness SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-VISIT ENDODONTICS; RESTORATIVE MATERIALS; MICROLEAKAGE; COMBAT AB The primary mission of the Dental Corps-maintaining the dental health of our soldiers at an optimum level to ensure their readiness to deploy and fight-is more important than ever in today's downsized, high-operational-tempo Army. A review of the literature indicates that 20 to 25% of all soldiers will report on dental sick call during a 1-year deployment, and approximately half will require endodontic intervention. This could cost a division more than 18,000 man-days of combat effectiveness in a theater of battle, an unacceptable loss. Approximately three-fourths of these sick call visits could be prevented if selected conditions were identified and treated before deployment. Endodontic conditions, which result in the majority of dental sick call complaints, should be given priority for treatment in garrison, and the identified soldier should be placed in dental fitness class 3 until the tooth is definitively treated. C1 USA, Dent Activ, Endodont Residency Program, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. RP Liewehr, FR (reprint author), USA, Dent Activ, Endodont Residency Program, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 165 IS 2 BP 127 EP 130 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 285RR UT WOS:000085402300013 PM 10709374 ER PT J AU Wittich, AC Salminen, ER Yancey, MK Markenson, GR AF Wittich, AC Salminen, ER Yancey, MK Markenson, GR TI Myomectomy during early pregnancy SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID UTERINE LEIOMYOMAS; COMPLICATIONS; MYOMAS AB Abdominal pain during early pregnancy may be caused by leiomyoma of the uterus. Inconsistency of uterine size and gestational dates in a pregnant patient with acute abdominal pain may be the first sign of leiomyoma. This 31-year-old primigravida presented with progressively worsening lower abdominal pain at 12 weeks gestational age. Ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a large fundal heterogeneous mass and an intrauterine gestation compatible with her menstrual dates. Exploratory surgery and myomectomy confirmed a large leiomyoma showing benign degenerative changes. The operative procedure was successful, and the pregnancy progressed normally. An elective cesarean section was performed at 37 weeks gestation after confirming fetal maturity by amniocentesis and serial ultrasonography. Abdominal pain in a pregnant patient with leiomyoma uteri may be attributable to degenerative changes in the myoma. Surgical intervention during pregnancy is occasionally necessary in uncommon cases of intractable pain. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet Gynecol, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Wittich, AC (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet Gynecol, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 12 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 165 IS 2 BP 162 EP 164 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 285RR UT WOS:000085402300021 PM 10709382 ER PT J AU Mascola, JR Stiegler, G VanCott, TC Katinger, H Carpenter, CB Hanson, CE Beary, H Hayes, D Frankel, SS Birx, DL Lewis, MG AF Mascola, JR Stiegler, G VanCott, TC Katinger, H Carpenter, CB Hanson, CE Beary, H Hayes, D Frankel, SS Birx, DL Lewis, MG TI Protection of macaques against vaginal transmission of a pathogenic HIV-1/SIV chimeric virus by passive infusion of neutralizing antibodies SO NATURE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; TYPE-1 INFECTION; RHESUS MACAQUES; AIDS; HIV; INOCULATION; DISEASE; EPITOPE; MONKEYS; WOMEN AB The development of the human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1)/simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) chimeric virus macaque model (SHIV) permits the in vivo evaluation of anti-HIV-1. envelope glycoprotein immune responses(1-3), Using this model, others, and we have shown that passively infused antibody can protect against an intravenous challenge(4,5). However, HIV-1 is most often transmitted across mucosal surfaces(6-9) and the intravenous challenge model may not accurately predict the role of antibody in protection against mucosal exposure. After controlling the macaque estrous cycle with progesterone(10), anti-HIV-1 neutralizing monoclonal antibodies 2F5 and 2G12, and HIV immune globulin were tested(11-13). Whereas all five control monkeys displayed high plasma viremia and rapid CD4 cell decline, 14 antibody-treated macaques were either completely protected against infection or against pathogenic manifestations of SHIV-infection. Infusion of all three antibodies together provided the greatest amount of protection, but a single monoclonal antibody, with modest virus neutralizing activity, was also protective. Compared with our previous intravenous challenge study with the same virus and antibodies: the data indicated that greater protection was achieved after vaginal challenge. This study demonstrates that antibodies can affect transmission and subsequent disease course after vaginal SHIV-challenge; the data begin to define the type of antibody response that could play a role in protection against mucosal transmission of HIV-1. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Retrovirol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Univ Agr, Inst Appl Microbiol, Vienna, Austria. USN, Med Res Ctr, Dept Infect Dis, Forrest Glenn, MD 20910 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Vet Med, Forrest Glenn, MD 20910 USA. RP Mascola, JR (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Retrovirol, 1 Taft Court,Suite 250, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. NR 22 TC 952 Z9 979 U1 4 U2 14 PU NATURE AMERICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1078-8956 J9 NAT MED JI Nat. Med. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 6 IS 2 BP 207 EP 210 DI 10.1038/72318 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 278YQ UT WOS:000085016900043 PM 10655111 ER PT J AU Doebler, JA AF Doebler, JA TI Effects of protonophores on membrane electrical characteristics in NG108-15 cells SO NEUROCHEMICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE action potential; CCCP; FCCP; In vitro model; membrane potential; membrane resistance; NG108-15 (neuroblastoma X glioma) hybrid cells ID GLIOMA HYBRID-CELLS; HIPPOCAMPAL-NEURONS; METABOLIC-INHIBITORS; NERVE-TERMINALS; MITOCHONDRIA; DEPOLARIZATION; HOMEOSTASIS; CONDUCTANCE; UNCOUPLERS; CURRENTS AB Studies were conducted to determine the effects of bath application of the protonophores carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) and carbonyl cyanide p-(trifluoromethoxy)-phenylhydrazone (FCCP) on membrane electrical characteristics of differentiated NG108-15 (neuroblastoma X glioma hybrid) cells. Membrane resting potential (V-m), input resistance (R-in) and electrically induced action potential generation were measured using intracellular microelectrode techniques. Both compounds produced concentration-dependent depolarization rather than the hyperpolarization commonly found with other central mammalian neurons. CCCP and FCCP also reduced R-in and disrupted the generation of action potentials in a concentration-dependent manner. The contribution of the observed alterations to the in vivo toxicity of these compounds remains to be established. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Neurotoxicol Branch, Div Pharmacol, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Doebler, JA (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Neurotoxicol Branch, Div Pharmacol, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-3190 J9 NEUROCHEM RES JI Neurochem. Res. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 25 IS 2 BP 263 EP 268 DI 10.1023/A:1007531822068 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 305PW UT WOS:000086550300012 PM 10786711 ER PT J AU Hutt, DL Tofsted, DH AF Hutt, DL Tofsted, DH TI Effect of atmospheric turbulence on propagation of ultraviolet radiation SO OPTICS AND LASER TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ultraviolet radiation; scintillation; optical turbulence; inner scale ID INNER-SCALE; PROBABILITY-DENSITY; IRRADIANCE VARIANCE; SCINTILLATION; SPECTRUM AB We investigate the effect of atmospheric optical turbulence on ultraviolet (UV) radiation with a wavelength of 253.7 nm. The normalized irradiance variance (scintillation index) was measured using a UV scintillometer with a path length of 185 m. The dependence of the UV scintillations on the atmospheric turbulence structure parameter and inner scale was determined through simultaneous measurements of these quantities made with a visible laser scintillometer. The dependence of the UV scintillation index and its probability density function on receiver aperture size was also measured. It was found that the scintillation predicted by currently available models which take into account the effects of inner scale, saturation and aperture averaging was in good agreement with the measurements made under various conditions in weak turbulence. Crown copyright (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Def Res Estab Valcartier, Val Belair, PQ G3J 1X5, Canada. USA, Res Lab, Battlefield Environm Div, AMSRL IS EW, White Sands Missile Rang, NM 88002 USA. RP Hutt, DL (reprint author), Def Res Estab Atlantic, Ocena Acoust Grp, 9 Grove St, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 3Z7, Canada. NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0030-3992 J9 OPT LASER TECHNOL JI Opt. Laser Technol. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 32 IS 1 BP 39 EP 48 DI 10.1016/S0030-3992(00)00014-1 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 324VF UT WOS:000087641500007 ER PT J AU Carruthers, TF Duling, IN Horowitz, M Menyuk, CR AF Carruthers, TF Duling, IN Horowitz, M Menyuk, CR TI Dispersion management in a harmonically mode-locked fiber soliton laser SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RING LASER AB Harmonically mode-locked Er-fiber soliton lasers have become a reliable source of high-repetition-rate picosecond pulses in high-speed communications and photonic analog-to-digital conversion systems because of their low-noise, dropout-free operation. We have fabricated such a laser with a strongly dispersion-managed cavity and modeled its operation, and we have found that dispersion management significantly extends the power range over which uninterrupted single-pulse production is attained and dramatically decreases the effects of amplified spontaneous emission on the phase noise of the laser. OCIS codes: 140.3510, 140.4050, 140.3430, 060.5530, 060.7140, 320.7090. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Elect Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. Univ Maryland, Dept Comp Sci & Elect Engn, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. Lab Telecommun Sci, USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Carruthers, TF (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 13 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 7 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD FEB 1 PY 2000 VL 25 IS 3 BP 153 EP 155 DI 10.1364/OL.25.000153 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 279ZW UT WOS:000085078000005 PM 18059813 ER PT J AU Bergman, KR Sorensen, P Sinha, C AF Bergman, KR Sorensen, P Sinha, C TI Disseminated blastomycosis presenting as a neck mass SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Bergman, KR (reprint author), 102 Arcadia Pl 702, San Antonio, TX 78209 USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 122 IS 2 BP 270 EP 271 DI 10.1016/S0194-5998(00)70254-3 PG 2 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 281KG UT WOS:000085158200023 PM 10652405 ER PT J AU Meister, JC Balaraman, V Ku, T DeSilva, A Sood, S Uyehara, CFT Person, DA Easa, D AF Meister, JC Balaraman, V Ku, T DeSilva, A Sood, S Uyehara, CFT Person, DA Easa, D TI Lavage administration of dilute recombinant surfactant in acute lung injury in piglets SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID RESPIRATORY-DISTRESS-SYNDROME; PREMATURE LAMBS; AEROSOLIZED SURFACTANT; EXOGENOUS SURFACTANT; PRETERM LAMBS; REPLACEMENT; RABBITS; SEPSIS; VOLUME; ARDS AB In an acute lung injury model, we previously observed reversal of pulmonary dysfunction with natural surfactant administered by lavage (dose = 18 mg/kg phospholipid). The present study questioned whether a lower dose of phospholipid would be effective if a recombinant preparation rather than natural surfactant were used. Acute lung injury was induced by repeated saline lung lavage in ventilated, sedated, and paralyzed piglets. Three concentrations of recombinant surfactant were studied (low phospholipid, 1 mg/mL; medium phospholipid, 4 mg/mL; high phospholipid, 13.5 mg/mL). Control piglets received no surfactant. Thirty-five milliliters per Kilogram of surfactant was administered by gravity, followed by passive drainage of excess fluid. All treatment groups retained similar volumes (4.7 +/- 0.3 mL/kg), corresponding to phospholipid doses of 4 +/- 0.4, 22 +/- 3, and 67 +/- 4 mg/kg in low, medium, and high-dose groups, respectively. Treatment groups showed significant improvement in Pao(2) compared with controls. Other parameters different from controls were found in only the medium and high-dose groups. All surfactant-treated groups showed improvement over time in Pao(2), Paco(2), lung resistance mean airway pressure, functional residual capacity, and dynamic compliance These data support the statement that whereas there is a dose response to exogenous surfactant, the effective dose of recombinant surfactant in acute lung injury may be as low as 4 mg/kg phospholipid when administered by lavage. C1 Kapiolani Med Ctr Women & Children, Clin Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96826 USA. Univ Hawaii, John A Burns Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Honolulu, HI 96826 USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. RP Easa, D (reprint author), Kapiolani Med Ctr Women & Children, Clin Res Ctr, 1319 Punahou St, Honolulu, HI 96826 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [P20 RR/AI 11091] NR 23 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 2 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 47 IS 2 BP 240 EP 245 DI 10.1203/00006450-200002000-00015 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 279RZ UT WOS:000085060100015 PM 10674353 ER PT J AU Bass, JW Person, DA Chan, DS AF Bass, JW Person, DA Chan, DS TI Twice-daily oral penicillin for treatment of streptococcal pharyngitis: Less is best SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Bass, JW (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD FEB PY 2000 VL 105 IS 2 BP 423 EP 424 PG 3 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 280ML UT WOS:000085106500033 PM 10654966 ER PT J AU Mendez, EE Kuznetsov, VV Chokin, D Bruno, JD AF Mendez, EE Kuznetsov, VV Chokin, D Bruno, JD TI Anomalous resonant-tunneling effect in type II heterostructures SO PHYSICA E LA English DT Article DE resonant tunneling; magnetotunneling; type II semiconductor heterostructures AB We have observed unusual negative differential-conductance features in the magneto-tunneling current-voltage characteristics of GaSb-AlSb-InAs-AlSb-GaSb heterostructures. These features are very narrow (similar to 2 mV) and shift to higher voltage with increasing magnetic field, both properties being in sharp contrast with those of the features associated with conventional resonant tunneling through Landau levels in the InAs well. The new results are explained by a three-step sequential tunneling process, in which two Landau levels - one empty and one occupied - are involved. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Mendez, EE (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-9477 J9 PHYSICA E JI Physica E PD FEB PY 2000 VL 6 IS 1-4 BP 335 EP 338 DI 10.1016/S1386-9477(99)00173-3 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 291ZX UT WOS:000085770600081 ER PT J AU Bickerton, S Advani, SG Mohan, RV Shires, DR AF Bickerton, S Advani, SG Mohan, RV Shires, DR TI Experimental analysis and numerical modeling of flow channel effects in resin transfer molding SO POLYMER COMPOSITES LA English DT Article ID PERMEABILITY AB Composite manufacturing by Liquid Composite Molding (LCM) processes such as Resin Transfer Molding involve the impregnation of a net-shape fiber reinforcing preform inside a mold cavity by a polymeric resin. The success of the process and part manufacture depends on the complete impregnation of the dry fiber preform. Race tracking refers to the common phenomenon occurring near corners, bends, airgaps and other geometrical complexities Involving sharp curvatures within a mold cavity creating fiber free and highly porous regions. These regions provide paths of low flow resistance to the resin filling the mold, and may drastically affect now front advancement, injection and mold pressures. While racetracking has traditionally been viewed as an unwanted effect, pre-determined racetracking due to now channels can be used to enhance the mold filling process. Advantages obtained through controlled use of racetracking include, reduction of injection and mold pressures required to fill a mold, for constant flow rate injection, or shorter mold filling times for constant pressure injection. Flow channels may also allow for the resin to be channeled to areas of the mold that need to be filled early in the process. Modeling and integration of the flaw channel effects in the available LCM now simulations based on Darcian flow equations require the determination of equivalent permeabilities to define the resistance to now through well-defined now channels. These permeabilities can then be applied directly within existing LCM flow simulations. The present work: experimentally investigates mold filling during resin transfer molding in the presence of now channels within a simple mold configuration. Experimental flow front and pressure data measurements are employed to experimentally validate and demonstrate the positive effect of flow channels. Transient now progression and pressure data obtained during the experiments are employed to investigate and validate the analytical predictions of equivalent permeability for a rectangular flow channel. Both experimental data and numerical simulations are presented to validate and characterize the equivalent permeability model and approach, while demonstrating the role of now channels in reducing the injection and mold pressures and redistributing the flow. C1 Univ Delaware, Dept Mech Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Advani, SG (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Mech Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. NR 31 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOC PLASTICS ENG INC PI BROOKFIELD PA 14 FAIRFIELD DR, BROOKFIELD, CT 06804-0403 USA SN 0272-8397 J9 POLYM COMPOSITE JI Polym. Compos. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 21 IS 1 BP 134 EP 153 DI 10.1002/pc.10172 PG 20 WC Materials Science, Composites; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 284ZX UT WOS:000085363700014 ER PT J AU Montemarano, H Lonergan, GJ Bulas, DI Selby, DM AF Montemarano, H Lonergan, GJ Bulas, DI Selby, DM TI Pancreatoblastoma: Imaging findings in 10 patients and review of the literature SO RADIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE blastoma; pancreas, CT; pancreas, MR; pancreas, neoplasms; pancreas, US; pancreatoblastoma ID PANCREATIC-CARCINOMA; CLASSIFICATION; NEOPLASMS; CT AB PURPOSE: To describe the features of pancreatoblastoma at magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, computed tomography (CT), and ultrasonography (US). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Imaging and surgical findings in 10 patients (age range, 2-20 years; mean age, 6.8 years) with pathologically proved pancreatoblastoma were reviewed for tumor size, organ of origin, definition and quality of tumor margins, tumor heterogeneity, calcification, enhancement, ascites, biliary and/or pancreatic ductal dilatation, local invasion, adenopathy, vascular invasion, vascular encasement metastases, and signal intensity on MR images. Results from 10 CT, seven US, and three MR imaging examinations were reviewed. RESULTS: Five of the 10 tumors were pancreatic; four others appeared to be pancreatic or hepatic. Most had well-defined margins (nine of 10), were heterogeneous (nine of 10), and enhanced (10 of 10). Other findings included calcification (two of 10), biliary and pancreatic ductal dilatation (one of 10), and ascites (three of 10). Hepatic (two patients) and pelvic (two patients) metastases were present. Adenopathy (two patients) and vascular invasion (one patient) were not identified,radiologically, Tumors had low to intermediate signal intensity on T1-weighted images and high signal intensity on T2-weighted images. CONCLUSION: Pancreatoblastoma is typically a heterogeneous tumor with well-defined margins that may appear to arise from the pancreas or liver. It may behave aggressively, with localized vascular or bowel invasion or with widespread metastatic disease. Although it is rare, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of an upper abdominal mass in a child. C1 Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Dept Diagnost Imaging & Radiol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Radiol & Nucl Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Radiol Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. RP Montemarano, H (reprint author), Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Dept Diagnost Imaging & Radiol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 30 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 1 PU RADIOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PI EASTON PA 20TH AND NORTHAMPTON STS, EASTON, PA 18042 USA SN 0033-8419 J9 RADIOLOGY JI Radiology PD FEB PY 2000 VL 214 IS 2 BP 476 EP 482 PG 7 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 279BL UT WOS:000085023400023 PM 10671596 ER PT J AU Agarwal, AK Seshadri, S MacMillan, M Mani, SS Casady, J Sanger, P Shah, P AF Agarwal, AK Seshadri, S MacMillan, M Mani, SS Casady, J Sanger, P Shah, P TI 4H-SiC p-n diodes and gate turnoff thyristors for high-power, high-temperature applications SO SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Wide Bandgap Bipolar Devices CY JAN 24-28, 1999 CL PANAMA CITY BEACH, FLORIDA AB This paper presents an overview of SIC power devices. The progress in pn junction diode development is described. The data on 10 A, 1000 V, packaged 4H-SiC ion-implanted p(+)nn(+) diode are presented. II is found that in order to develop high voltage, high current diodes, it is critical to reduce dislocation density below 10(3) cm(-2), and increase substrate doping of n(+) 4H-SiC above 10(19) cm(-3). It is simply not enough to reduce the micropipe density to below 1 cm(-2). The paper introduces a new power switching device configuration, namely, JFET controlled thyristor (JCT). II is the most promising near term SIC switching device given its high power potential, ease of turnoff, potential for 500 degrees C operation and resulting reduction in cooling requirements. Experimental demonstration of the hybrid,JCT is presented with a turn-off measurement of 1 A in less than 100 ns. It is further concluded that in order to take advantage of SiC power devices, high temperature packages and components with double sided attachment need to be developed along with the SiC power devices. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Northrop Grumman Sci & Technol Ctr, Pittsburgh, PA USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Agarwal, AK (reprint author), CREE Res, 4600 Silicon Dr,Ste 322, Durham, NC 27703 USA. NR 7 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1101 J9 SOLID STATE ELECTRON JI Solid-State Electron. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 44 IS 2 BP 303 EP 308 DI 10.1016/S0038-1101(99)00236-1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 286GC UT WOS:000085434400014 ER PT J AU Shah, PB Jones, KA Agarwal, AK Seshadri, S AF Shah, PB Jones, KA Agarwal, AK Seshadri, S TI In-depth analysis of SiC GTO thyristor performance using numerical simulations SO SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Wide Bandgap Bipolar Devices CY JAN 24-28, 1999 CL PANAMA CITY BEACH, FLORIDA DE power conditioning; silicon carbide; semiconductor switches ID 4H-SIC THYRISTORS; SILICON-CARBIDE; POWER DEVICES; TEMPERATURE; IONIZATION; IMPACT AB We present device characteristics obtained from two-dimensional numerical simulations of asymmetric 4H-SiC gale turn-off (GTO) thyristor structures. Material parameters are discussed, and a good comparison with measured results is demonstrated. Current vs voltage characteristics indicate that typical structures have quite good electron injection from the cathode, but hole injection from the anode is weak unless the n-base layer is doped less than 1 x 10(18) cm(-3). On the other hand, lowering electron injection at the cathode/p-base junction is important to improve the turn-off gain. The 2000 V blocking structure simulated with lifetimes of tau(n):tau(p) = 100:50 ns does not reach its on-state for current densities less than 6000 A/cm(2) but for lifetimes of 400:200 ns, this minimum is reduced to 1 A/cm2. Blocking voltages increased approximately 400 V for a 3 mu m increase in the drift region length. Clamped inductive load mixed-mode simulations with a 4H-SiC flyback diode indicate that the peak power during turn-on is only slightly higher than during turn-off when switching a 4 Omega, 5 mH load. Because turn-on times are much shorter than turn-off times, much less power is dissipated during turn-on for both 27 degrees C and 200 degrees C ambient temperature operations. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRLSERL, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Northrop Grumman Sci & Technol Ctr, Pittsburgh, PA 15235 USA. RP Shah, PB (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRLSERL, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1101 J9 SOLID STATE ELECTRON JI Solid-State Electron. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 44 IS 2 BP 353 EP 358 DI 10.1016/S0038-1101(99)00242-7 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 286GC UT WOS:000085434400020 ER PT J AU Bandyopadhyay, S Svizhenko, A Stroscio, MA AF Bandyopadhyay, S Svizhenko, A Stroscio, MA TI Why would anyone want to build a narrow channel (quantum wire) transistor? SO SUPERLATTICES AND MICROSTRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd NASA Workshop on Device Modeling CY AUG 26-27, 1999 CL NASA AMES RES CTR, MOFFETT FIELD, CALIFORNIA SP NASA HO NASA AMES RES CTR DE quantum wire; confined phonons; Johnson noise; flicker noise ID ACOUSTIC-PHONON-SCATTERING; MAGNETIC-FIELD; 1/F NOISE; HOOGE PARAMETERS; DEVICES; RELAXATION; ELECTRONS; TRANSPORT; RATES AB We show that while narrow channel (quantum wire) transistors may hot exhibit higher unity gain frequency or switching speed than wide channel (quantum well) transistors, they may none the less possess vastly improved noise characteristics. Thus, they are desirable if the application calls for maximal signal-to-noise ratio,The reduced noise temperature in quasi-one-dimensional channels is mostly an aftermath of acoustic phonon confinement (which modifies the phonon dispersion relations), rather than carrier confinement. This is very counter-intuitive since acoustic phonon confinement (and the resultant modification of the phonon dispersion relations) also increases carrier, scattering rates by several orders of magnitude. (C) 2000 Academic Press. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Elect Engn, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Bandyopadhyay, S (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Elect Engn, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. NR 27 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0749-6036 J9 SUPERLATTICE MICROST JI Superlattices Microstruct. PD FEB-MAR PY 2000 VL 27 IS 2-3 BP 67 EP 76 DI 10.1006/spmi.1999.0796 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 294CB UT WOS:000085891400003 ER PT J AU Meyer, BJ Schmaljohn, CS AF Meyer, BJ Schmaljohn, CS TI Persistent hantavirus infections: characteristics and mechanisms SO TRENDS IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID SYNDROME HFRS VIRUS; VOLES CLETHRIONOMYS-GLAREOLUS; KOREAN HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; RENAL SYNDROME VIRUS; HANTAAN VIRUS; ETIOLOGIC AGENT; PUUMALA VIRUS; SEOUL VIRUS; URBAN RATS; NEPHROPATHIA-EPIDEMICA AB Hantaviruses include serious human pathogens that are maintained in nature in persistently infected rodents and that can also persistently infect cultured mammalian cells, causing little or no cytopathology. The mechanisms of hantavirus persistence are only beginning to be explored. Recent data point to subtle changes in the viral genome that might result in the differential regulation of replication and lead to persistence. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Meyer, BJ (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, 1301 Ditto Ave, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 45 TC 114 Z9 136 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0966-842X J9 TRENDS MICROBIOL JI Trends Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 8 IS 2 BP 61 EP 67 DI 10.1016/S0966-842X(99)01658-3 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 282ZZ UT WOS:000085252800014 PM 10664598 ER PT J AU Martel, CJ AF Martel, CJ TI Influence of dissolved solids on the mechanism of freeze-thaw conditioning SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE sludge freezing; freeze-thaw conditioning; alum sludge; sludge dewatering; residuals dewatering; freeze separation ID SLUDGE AB The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effect of dissolved solids on the size of aggregated particles produced by freeze-thaw conditioning. The dissolved solids content was varied by adding 0-2000 mg/l NaCl to samples of alum sludge. The effect of the dissolved solids was observed by taking photographs of thin sections of each frozen sample and measuring the resulting aggregated particle sizes. The results of this study indicate that a relatively small amount of dissolved solids (500 mg/l NaCl or less) can cause ice crystal growth to change from columnar to dendritic. As a result, the mean aggregated particle size was reduced by approximately 50%. These results explain why the aggregated particles from alum sludge are larger than those produced from wastewater sludge. Generally, alum sludge contains very little dissolved solids, so crystal growth is columnar. Conversely, since wastewater sludges usually contain a significant amount of dissolved solids, crystal growth becomes dendritic. Thin sections photographed between cross polarizers reveal that most of the aggregated particles were contained within individual ice crystals and not at the crystal boundaries. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Martel, CJ (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 13 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 34 IS 2 BP 657 EP 662 DI 10.1016/S0043-1354(99)00163-3 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 271NX UT WOS:000084601300033 ER PT J AU Wise, WR Annable, MD Walser, JAE Switt, RS Shaw, DT AF Wise, WR Annable, MD Walser, JAE Switt, RS Shaw, DT TI A wetland-aquifer interaction test SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE wetland; peat; groundwater; recharge; discharge; hydrology ID SPAIN; WATER AB An understanding of the hydraulic connectivity between an isolated wetland and its underlying groundwater is required to help assess the ecological impact that changes in the groundwater level may induce. Literature values for the hydraulic conductivity of peat vary up to ten orders of magnitude, indicating the absolute necessity of obtaining site-specific information. Horizontal and vertical variability in peat layers makes the process of extrapolating point-based measurements to predict system-level behavior difficult. By inducing or augmenting a flow up from the underlying aquifer into the wetland through a rapid lowering of wetland water level, the system-level hydraulic connectivity of a wetland to the groundwater may be directly measured. At a study site, a small, seasonally flooded depression mash wetland in Florida, the method and subsequent analysis yielded a value for the hydraulic resistance of the organic layer of 6 days, indicating a significant connection between the wetland and the aquifer. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All nights reserved. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Environm Engn Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. US Mil Acad, Dept Geog & Environm Engn, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Wise, WR (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Environm Engn Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RI Switt, Randal/H-2948-2013 NR 13 TC 16 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD JAN 31 PY 2000 VL 227 IS 1-4 BP 257 EP 272 DI 10.1016/S0022-1694(99)00188-2 PG 16 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 285FA UT WOS:000085378000017 ER PT J AU Xu, K Angell, CA AF Xu, K Angell, CA TI Effect of N-substituents on protonation chemistry of trichlorophosphazenes SO INORGANICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE protonation chemistry; trichlorophosphazenes; bis(sulfonyl)imides ID ELECTROLYTES AB The protonation chemistry of trichlorophosphazene (R-1-N=PC3) with sulfonic acids ((RSO3H)-S-2) was found to be affected by the N-substituents R-1, yielding bis(sulfonyl)imides containing both R-1 and R-2, and mixed sulfonylphosphonyl imides containing either R-1 or R-2. Tn the formation of the latter a hitherto unobserved chemistry occurred. An intramolecular 'imine SN2' mechanism was proposed to rationalize the reactions observed. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Xu, K (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Electrochem Branch, Sensor & Elect Device Directorate, Mail Stop AMSRL-SE-DC, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 42 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0020-1693 J9 INORG CHIM ACTA JI Inorg. Chim. Acta PD JAN 30 PY 2000 VL 298 IS 1 BP 16 EP 23 DI 10.1016/S0020-1693(99)00385-0 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 278YY UT WOS:000085017600003 ER PT J AU Ford, JV Sumpter, BG Noid, DW Barnes, MD Hill, SC Hillis, DB AF Ford, JV Sumpter, BG Noid, DW Barnes, MD Hill, SC Hillis, DB TI Domain-size effects in optical diffraction from polymer/composite microparticles SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID MORPHOLOGY-DEPENDENT RESONANCES; LIGHT-SCATTERING; POLYMER ELECTROLYTES; DIELECTRIC SPHERES; ELASTIC-SCATTERING; AEROSOL-PARTICLE; MICRODROPLETS; FLUORESCENCE; PRECISION; DROPLETS AB Poly(ethylene glycol) [PEG] microparticles were doped with ceramic or latex nanoparticles in order to examine domain-size and refractive index effects of nanometer-sized guest inclusions on two-dimensional diffraction patterns, Composite microparticles were examined for different inclusion sizes and polymer/nanoparticle weight ratios in order to determine the size and number-density threshold of detection for guest nanoparticles within the polymer host as indicated by fringe distortion in 2-D angular scattering. PEG host particles having a 10 mu m (nominal) diameter were formed with three different guest nanoparticles (Al2O3, TiO2 and latex nanospheres with respective sizes of 46, 29, and 14 nm), For the ceramic nanoparticle inclusions, distortion was observed at relative guest-host weight fractions of 5-10%. For the 14 nm latex inclusions, no distortion was observed at any weight fraction. A perturbation method was used to simulate the effect of nanometer-size inclusions on 2-D optical diffraction from polymer host microparticles and to suggest how the distortions should vary with inclusion size, refractive index, and number. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Barnes, MD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, MS 6142, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Sumpter, Bobby/C-9459-2013 OI Sumpter, Bobby/0000-0001-6341-0355 NR 28 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5647 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JAN 27 PY 2000 VL 104 IS 3 BP 495 EP 502 DI 10.1021/jp992843m PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 279UK UT WOS:000085063300011 ER PT J AU Zhu, Y Bartolo, R Saini, SS Ren, T Dagenais, M Shen, H Pamulapati, J Zhou, W AF Zhu, Y Bartolo, R Saini, SS Ren, T Dagenais, M Shen, H Pamulapati, J Zhou, W TI Polarisation independent delta-strained InGaAs/InGaAsP quantum well waveguide modulator SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID POWER AB A delta-strained InGaAs/InGaAsP MQW modulator has been fabricated and tested. The device shows fully polarisation independent transmission characteristics. Less than 0.80 dB polarisation sensitivity has been achieved for a wide range of wavelength. The extinction ratio is > 20dB at a reverse bias voltage of 3V. Almost the same Stark energy shift for heavy holes and light holes has been demonstrated in this structure. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Elect Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Zhu, Y (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Elect Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD JAN 20 PY 2000 VL 36 IS 2 BP 164 EP 166 DI 10.1049/el:20000191 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 283ZU UT WOS:000085306600042 ER PT J AU Hooper, JW Custer, DM Schmaljohn, CS Schmaljohn, AL AF Hooper, JW Custer, DM Schmaljohn, CS Schmaljohn, AL TI DNA vaccination with vaccinia virus L1R and A33R genes protects mice against a lethal poxvirus challenge SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENVELOPE PROTEIN; VIRION ENVELOPE; FUSION PROTEIN; RESPONSES; IDENTIFICATION; IMMUNIZATION; ELICITATION; SMALLPOX; ANIMALS AB Previously we found that passive transfer of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific to either the vaccinia virus (VACV) L1R or A33R gene product protected mice from challenge with VACV, The L1R-specific MAbs, which bind the intracellular mature virion (IMV), neutralized virus in cell culture, whereas the A33R-specific MAbs, which bind extracellular enveloped virions (EEV), did not. To investigate whether a protective response could be generated by vaccination with these genes, we constructed and evaluated DNA vaccines expressing the VACV L1R and/or A33R genes under control of a cytomegalovirus promoter. Mice were vaccinated with DNA-coated gold beads by using a gene gun and then challenged with VACV (strain WR) intraperitoneally. Mice vaccinated with L1R alone developed neutralizing antibodies and were partially protected. Mice vaccinated with a combination of both genes loaded on the same gold beads developed a robust anti-A33R response; however, no neutralizing antibody response was detected, and the mice were not protected. In contrast, when mice were vaccinated with L1R and A33R loaded on different gold beads, neutralizing (presumably anti-L1R) and anti-A33R antibody responses were detected, and protection was markedly improved. Our results indicated that vaccination with both L1R and A33R proteins, intended to evoke mechanistically distinct and complementary forms of protection, was more effective than vaccination with either protein by itself. (C) 2000 Academic Press. C1 USA, Div Virol, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Hooper, JW (reprint author), USA, Div Virol, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. OI Hooper, Jay/0000-0002-4475-0415 NR 27 TC 127 Z9 132 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD JAN 20 PY 2000 VL 266 IS 2 BP 329 EP 339 DI 10.1006/viro.1999.0096 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA 278ZG UT WOS:000085018400011 PM 10639319 ER PT J AU Seeff, LB Miller, RN Rabkin, CS Buskell-Bales, Z Straley-Eason, KD Smoak, BL Johnson, LD Lee, SR Kaplan, EL AF Seeff, LB Miller, RN Rabkin, CS Buskell-Bales, Z Straley-Eason, KD Smoak, BL Johnson, LD Lee, SR Kaplan, EL TI 45-year follow-up of hepatitis C virus infection in healthy young adults SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID NON-B-HEPATITIS; POST-TRANSFUSION HEPATITIS; VOLUNTEER BLOOD-DONORS; NON-A; HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA; POSTTRANSFUSION HEPATITIS; ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE; ANTIBODIES; PREVALENCE; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Background: The sequelae during the first two decades after acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection have been well studied, but the outcome thereafter is unknown. Objective: To conduct an extended study of the natural history of HCV infection by using archived serum specimens originally collected between 1948 and 1954. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: A university, a Veterans Affairs medical center, and a medical follow-up agency that had access to the serum specimens and accompanying demographic and medical records. Participants: 8568 military recruits who were evaluated for group A streptococcal infection and acute rheumatic fever between 1948 and 1954. Blood samples were taken from the recruits and, after testing, were stored frozen for almost 45 years. Measurements: The presence of antibodies to HCV was determined by enzyme-linked immunoassay, supplementary recombinant immunoblot assay, and polymerase chain reaction for HCV RNA. Morbidity and mortality were also assessed. Results: Of 8568 persons, 17 (0.2%) had positive results on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and recombinant immunoblot assay. The rate was 1.8% among the African-American persons and 0.1% among the white persons in the total sample (relative risk, 25.9 [95% CI, 8.4 to 80.01]). During the 45-year follow-up, liver disease occurred in 205 of the 17 HCV-positive persons (11.8%) and 205 of the 8551 HCV-negative persons (2.4%) (ethnicity-adjusted relative risk, 3.56 [CI, 0.94 to 13.52]). Seven of the 17 HCV-positive persons (41 %) and 2226 of the 8551 HCV-negative persons (26%) had died by December 1996 (ethnicity-adjusted relative risk, 1.48 [CI, 0.8 to 2.61]). Of persons who were HCV-positive, 1 (5.9%) died of liver disease 42 years after the original phlebotomy, 5 (29%) died of non-liver-related disease a median of 37 years after the original phlebotomy, and 1 (5.9%) died of unknown causes. One hundred nineteen HCV-negative persons (1.4%) died of liver disease. Conclusions: The rate of HCV infection from 1948 to 1954 among a sample of military recruits parallels that among present-day military recruits and volunteer blood donors. During 45 years of follow-up, HCV-positive persons had low liver-related morbidity and mortality rates. This suggests that healthy HCV-positive persons may be at less risk for progressive liver disease than is currently thought. C1 Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20422 USA. Georgetown Univ, Sch Med, Inst Med, Washington, DC USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC USA. NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ortho Clin Diagnost, Raritan, NJ USA. Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Seeff, LB (reprint author), NIDDKD, NIH, Room 9A-18,31 Ctr Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RI Jepsen, Peter/A-2593-2010 OI Jepsen, Peter/0000-0002-6641-1430 NR 42 TC 255 Z9 263 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD JAN 18 PY 2000 VL 132 IS 2 BP 105 EP 111 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 275ZZ UT WOS:000084852300002 PM 10644270 ER PT J AU Taylor, GA Collazo, CM Yap, GS Nguyen, K Gregorio, TA Taylor, LS Eagleson, B Secrest, L Southon, EA Reid, SW Tessarollo, L Bray, M McVicar, DW Komschlies, KL Young, HA Biron, CA Sher, A Vande Woude, GF AF Taylor, GA Collazo, CM Yap, GS Nguyen, K Gregorio, TA Taylor, LS Eagleson, B Secrest, L Southon, EA Reid, SW Tessarollo, L Bray, M McVicar, DW Komschlies, KL Young, HA Biron, CA Sher, A Vande Woude, GF TI Pathogen-specific loss of host resistance in mice lacking the IFN-gamma-inducible gene IGTP SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID MURINE CYTOMEGALOVIRUS-INFECTION; INTERFERON-GAMMA; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; GTP-BINDING; EXPRESSED GTPASE; PROTEIN; INTERLEUKIN-12; IDENTIFICATION; RESPONSES; PARASITE AB Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) is critical for defense against pathogens, but the molecules that mediate its antimicrobial responses are largely unknown. IGTP is the prototype for a family of IFN-gamma-regulated genes that encode 48-kDa CTP-binding proteins that localize to the endoplasmic reticulum. We have generated IGTP-deficient mice and found that, despite normal immune cell development and normal clearance of Listeria monocytogenes and cytomegalovirus infections, the mice displayed a profound loss of host resistance to acute infections of the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. By contrast, IFN-gamma receptor-deficient mice have increased susceptibility to all three pathogens. Thus, IGTP defines an IFN-gamma-regulated pathway with a specialized role in antimicrobial resistance. C1 NCI, Frederick Canc Res & Dev Ctr, Adv Biosci Labs, Basic Res Program, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. NIAID, Parasit Dis Lab, Immunobiol Sect, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Brown Univ, Div Biol & Med, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Intramural Res Support Program, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. NCI, Frederick Canc Res & Dev Ctr, Cellular & Mol Immunol Sect, Expt Immunol Lab, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. NCI, Frederick Canc Res & Dev Ctr, Div Basic Sci, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Vande Woude, GF (reprint author), Van Andel Res Inst, 201 Monroe Ave,Suite 400, Grand Rapids, MI 49503 USA. RI Young, Howard/A-6350-2008; McVicar, Daniel/G-1970-2015 OI Young, Howard/0000-0002-3118-5111; FU NCI NIH HHS [N01-CO-46000, R01 CA041268] NR 27 TC 174 Z9 181 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JAN 18 PY 2000 VL 97 IS 2 BP 751 EP 755 DI 10.1073/pnas.97.2.751 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 276HX UT WOS:000084873100043 PM 10639151 ER PT J AU Komirenko, SM Kim, KW Stroscio, MA Dutta, M AF Komirenko, SM Kim, KW Stroscio, MA Dutta, M TI Energy-dependent electron scattering via interaction with optical phonons in wurtzite crystals and quantum wells SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID GALLIUM NITRIDE; HETEROSTRUCTURES; DEVICES AB A formalism for the calculation of the scattering rate in wurtzite-type crystals and quantum wells (QW's) is developed taking into account features of the optical phonon spectra in an optically anisotropic medium. The electron-scattering rate due to the interaction with infrared/Raman-active polar optical phonons in GaN, bulk material, and heterostructures, is investigated. To determine the dependence of scattering rate on optical anisotropy and dimensionally induced transformation of the phonon spectra, three cases are considered: (a) bulk material with different orientations of the electron wave vector with respect to the optical axis; (b) a system in which bulk phonons interact with electrons confined in a QW; and (c) free-standing and embedded QW's where the effects of confinement of both electron and phonon subsystems are taken into account. It is found that the scattering rate depends weakly on the initial orientation of the electron wave vector. Exceptions are the energy intervals which correspond to the threshold values for emission of both TO-like and LO-like bulk phonons. Our results reveal a complex and strong dependence of the electron-scattering rate on the dispersion of a particular mode. Moreover, this dependence is found to be the main factor which determines electron-phonon scattering in wurtzite heterostructures, in particular, through the relation between phonon phase and group velocities. For the optically anisotropic media considered, the effect of spatial localization of the phonon modes on the scattering rate is found to be as strong as the effect of electron confinement. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Komirenko, SM (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 12 TC 33 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN 15 PY 2000 VL 61 IS 3 BP 2034 EP 2040 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.61.2034 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 291VW UT WOS:000085760200071 ER PT J AU Macintyre, AG Christopher, GW Eitzen, E Gum, R Weir, S DeAtley, C Tonat, K Barbera, JA AF Macintyre, AG Christopher, GW Eitzen, E Gum, R Weir, S DeAtley, C Tonat, K Barbera, JA TI Weapons of mass destruction events with contaminated casualties - Effective planning for health care facilities SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID BIOLOGICAL WARFARE; MISSILE ATTACKS; GULF-WAR; DECONTAMINATION; MANAGEMENT; INJURIES; EXPOSURE; VICTIMS; ISRAEL AB Biological and chemical terrorism is a growing concern for the emergency preparedness community. While health care facilities (HCFs) are an essential component of the emergency response system, at present they are poorly prepared for such incidents. The greatest challenge for HCFs may be the sudden presentation of large numbers of contaminated individuals. Guidelines for managing contaminated patients have been based on traditional hazardous material response or military experience, neither of which is directly applicable to the civilian HCF. We discuss HCF planning for terrorist events that expose large numbers of people to contamination. Key elements of an effective HCF response plan include prompt recognition of the incident, staff and facility protection, patient decontamination and triage, medical therapy, and coordination with external emergency response and public health agencies. Controversial aspects include the optimal choice of personal protective equipment, establishment of patient decontamination procedures, the role of chemical and biological agent detectors, and potential environmental impacts on water treatment systems. These and other areas require further investigation to improve response strategies. C1 George Washington Univ, Med Ctr, Inst Crisis Disaster & Risk Management, Washington, DC 20037 USA. George Washington Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Washington, DC 20037 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med Europe, Landstuhl Army Reg Med Ctr, Landstuhl, Germany. US PHS, Off Emergency Preparedness, Rockville, MD USA. RP Macintyre, AG (reprint author), 2140 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20037 USA. NR 71 TC 91 Z9 91 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 12 PY 2000 VL 283 IS 2 BP 242 EP 249 DI 10.1001/jama.283.2.242 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 272QA UT WOS:000084661400031 PM 10634341 ER PT J AU Gross, SM Roberts, GW Kiserow, DJ DeSimone, JM AF Gross, SM Roberts, GW Kiserow, DJ DeSimone, JM TI Crystallization and solid-state polymerization of poly(bisphenol A carbonate) facilitated by supercritical CO2 SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID POLYCONDENSATION AB Poly(bisphenol A carbonate) was synthesized by solid-state polymerization (SSP) using supercritical CO2 to induce crystallinity in low molecular weight polycarbonate beads. The CO2-induced crystallization was studied as a function of time, temperature, molecular weight, and pressure. There was an optimum temperature for crystallization which depended on the molecular weight of the polymer. The molecular weight and percent crystallinity of the polymer produced by SSP were determined as a function of time and radial position in the bead. The molecular weight and percent crystallinity were strong functions of the particle radius, probably because of the slow diffusion of phenol out of the polymer particles. Nitrogen and supercritical CO2 were used as sweep fluids for the SSP process. The polymerization rate was always higher in supercritical CO2 at otherwise comparable conditions. We hypothesize that supercritical CO2 plasticizes the amorphous regions of the polymer, thereby increasing chain mobility and the rate of phenol diffusion out of the polymer. This permits the reaction temperature to be reduced, thereby suppressing side reactions that lead to color body formation. These advantages result in higher molecular weight product with good optical clarity when supercritical CO2 is the sweep fluid. C1 USA, Res Off, Div Chem Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, Venable & Kenan Labs, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Kiserow, DJ (reprint author), USA, Res Off, Div Chem Sci, POB 12211, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 23 TC 86 Z9 93 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD JAN 11 PY 2000 VL 33 IS 1 BP 40 EP 45 DI 10.1021/ma990901w PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 275BJ UT WOS:000084799300009 ER PT J AU Yao, J Tsui, DC Choi, KK AF Yao, J Tsui, DC Choi, KK TI Noise characteristics of quantum-well infrared photodetectors at low temperatures SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB In this work, we have performed high-sensitivity measurements on the dark current and the noise current of infrared hot-electron transistors (IHETs) and their constituent quantum-well infrared photodetectors (QWIPs) at 4.2 K. We found that the dominant noise of the QWIPs in this regime is not from the expected shot noise but from the 1/f noise and possibly a bias-independent noise. Part of the 1/f noise is unrelated to impurities in the barrier and is intrinsic to the sequential tunneling mechanism in QWIPs. By filtering out the impurity-assisted tunneling current, the IHETs reduce the dark current and the 1/f noise, and improve the detector sensitivity and uniformity. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(00)02502-X]. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Yao, J (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RI Choi, Kwong-Kit/K-9205-2013 NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 10 PY 2000 VL 76 IS 2 BP 206 EP 208 DI 10.1063/1.125703 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 270NA UT WOS:000084541000026 ER PT J AU Yuan, L Lowell, GH Hoover, DL Colleton, CA Hammack, CA Young, LD Fischer, R Patchen, ML Cross, AS AF Yuan, L Lowell, GH Hoover, DL Colleton, CA Hammack, CA Young, LD Fischer, R Patchen, ML Cross, AS TI Kinetics of cellular and cytokine responses in a chimeric mouse model for the study of staphylococcal enterotoxin B pathogenesis SO IMMUNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE staphylococcal enterotoxin B; cytokines; mouse chimera ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; LETHAL SHOCK; MICE; CELLS; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; ENDOTOXIN; INTERLEUKIN-6; REQUIREMENT AB The mechanisms by which superantigens, such as staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB), contribute to microbial pathogenicity have been poorly defined. The study of such pathogenic processes has been hampered by the lack of an adequate animal model. We utilized a previously described murine chimeric model to determine the cytokines and cell populations that might be involved in SEE toxicity. In the absence of bone marrow transplantation (BMT), all total body irradiated (TBI) mice died, while all transplanted mice survived up to 6 months. Compared with non-TBI and non-BMT mice, chimeric mice had an increased percentage of CD11b (Mac-1)-positive splenocytes (17 vs. 59%, P < 0.05) and decreased CD45R-positive (B) cells (33 vs. 6%, P < 0.05) at 6 weeks after BMT. The relative numbers of splenocyte CD4 and CD8 cells were similar in chimeric and normal mice. Susceptibility of chimeric animals to 10 or 100 mu g SEE was lime-dependent: no mice challenged at 2 weeks post-BMT died, but 15% of mice challenged at 4 weeks and 50% of those challenged at 6-8 weeks died. Compared with TBI and non-BMT C3H/HeJ mice, SEE-challenged chimeric mice at 6-8 weeks had (1) increased splenocyte mRNA expression for: IFN-gamma (3.5 x optimally at 1 h), TNF-alpha (6.5 x at 2 h), IL-6 (4.8 x at 4 h), IL-1 beta (8.4 x at 4 h), IL-2 (4.7 x at 4 h), and IL-10 (3 x at 16 h), and (2) increased and earlier peak serum levels of IFN-gamma, IL-6, IL-1 beta and IL-2, but no increase in serum TNF-alpha or IL-4. These data support the hypothesis that the decreased percentage of B cells and increased macrophages in chimeric mice lead to enhanced T cell-macrophage interactions after SEE administration and a lethal burst of T cell and macrophage cytokine release. This model will provide insight into cell populations and mechanisms that mediate superantigen-induced toxicity. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Bacterial Dis, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Pathol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Armed Forces Radiobiol Res Inst, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Cross, AS (reprint author), UMAB, Sch Med, Dept Infect Dis, Room 900,Bldg MSTF, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2478 J9 IMMUNOL LETT JI Immunol. Lett. PD JAN 10 PY 2000 VL 71 IS 1 BP 19 EP 26 DI 10.1016/S0165-2478(99)00158-3 PG 8 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 287RP UT WOS:000085520000004 PM 10709781 ER PT J AU Litvin, FL De Donno, M Peng, A Vorontsov, A Handschuh, RF AF Litvin, FL De Donno, M Peng, A Vorontsov, A Handschuh, RF TI Integrated computer program for simulation of meshing and contact of gear drives SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID SPIRAL BEVEL GEARS; IMPROVED GEOMETRY; GENERATION; DESIGN AB The authors propose an integrated Tooth Contact Analysis (TCA) computer program for simulation of meshing and contact of gear drives that enables to determine transmission errors and shift of bearing contact for misaligned gear drives. The developed computer program combines numerical solutions for the problems above and their graphical interpretation. The program is applicable for various gear dl ives but needs derivation of tooth surface equations specified for the considered gear drive. The computer program represents a set of integrated operations such as the development of required algorithms, storing in database, copying, deleting, printing, design correction from the database, etc. The proposed computer program is based on application of the Java programming language, Examples of application for a spiral bevel gear drive and a worm gear drive are provided. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Mech Engn MC 251, Gear Res Lab, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. NASA, Lewis Res Ctr, Army Res Lab, Vehicle Technol Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Litvin, FL (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Mech Engn MC 251, Gear Res Lab, 2039 Engn Res Facil,842 W Taylor St, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. NR 17 TC 24 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0045-7825 J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. PD JAN 7 PY 2000 VL 181 IS 1-3 BP 71 EP 85 DI 10.1016/S0045-7825(99)00068-7 PG 15 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 276PX UT WOS:000084887500004 ER PT J AU Sacks, DL Modi, G Rowton, E Spath, G Epstein, L Turco, SJ Beverley, SM AF Sacks, DL Modi, G Rowton, E Spath, G Epstein, L Turco, SJ Beverley, SM TI The role of phosphoglycans in Leishmania-sand fly interactions SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID PHLEBOTOMUS-PAPATASI DIPTERA; SURFACE LIPOPHOSPHOGLYCAN; GLYCOSYLATED PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOLS; DONOVANI LIPOPHOSPHOGLYCAN; DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES; MAJOR PROMASTIGOTES; VIRULENCE GENES; PSYCHODIDAE; EXPRESSION; GLYCOCONJUGATE AB Leishmania promastigotes synthesize an abundance of phosphoglycans, either attached to the cell surface through phosphatidylinositol anchors (lipophosphoglycan, LPG) or secreted as protein-containing glycoconjugates. These phosphoglycans are thought to promote the survival of the parasite within both its vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. The relative contributions of different phosphoglycan-containing molecules in Leishmania-sand fly interactions were tested by using mutants specifically deficient in either total phosphoglycans or LPG alone. Leishmania donovani promastigotes deficient in both LPC and protein-linked phosphoglycans because of loss of LPG2 (encoding the Co(gi GDP-Man transporter) failed to survive the hydrolytic environment within the early blood-fed midgut, In contrast, L. donovani and Leishmania major mutants deficient solely in LPC expression because of loss of LPG 1 (involved in biosynthesis of the core oligosaccharide LPG domain) had only a slight reduction in the survival and growth of promastigotes within the early blood-fed midgut. The ability of the LPG1-deficient promastigotes to persist in the midgut after blood meal excretion was completely lost, and this defect was correlated with their inability to bind to midgut epithelial cells in vitro. For both mutants, when phosphoglycan expression was restored to wild-type levels by reintroduction of LPG1 or LPG2 (as appropriate), then the wild-type phenotype was also restored. We conclude, first, that LPG is not essential for survival in the early blood-fed midgut but. along with other secreted phosphoglycan-containing glycoconjugates, can protect promastigotes from the digestive enzymes in the gut and, second, that LPG is required to mediate midgut attachment and to maintain infection in the fly during excretion of the digested blood meal. C1 NIAID, Parasit Dis Lab, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Univ Kentucky, Med Ctr, Dept Biochem, Lexington, KY 40536 USA. Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Mol Microbiol, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Sacks, DL (reprint author), NIAID, Parasit Dis Lab, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RI Rowton, Edgar/A-1975-2011; Rowton, Edgar/A-4474-2012; Spaeth, Gerald/B-1393-2014; OI Rowton, Edgar/0000-0002-1979-1485; Beverley, Stephen/0000-0001-5319-0811 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI31078, R01 AI031078] NR 43 TC 125 Z9 131 U1 1 U2 9 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JAN 4 PY 2000 VL 97 IS 1 BP 406 EP 411 DI 10.1073/pnas.97.1.406 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 271ZA UT WOS:000084624500074 PM 10618431 ER PT B AU Rosati, JD AF Rosati, JD BE Tait, LS TI Application of a regional sediment budget analysis system for Florida's East Coast SO 13TH ANNUAL NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BEACH PRESERVATION TECHNOLOGY PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Annual National Conference on Beach Preservation Technology CY FEB 02-04, 2000 CL MELBOURNE, FL AB This paper develops preliminary regional sediment budgets for the Northeast and Central regions of the East Coast of Florida as part of "proof-in-concept" testing of Version 2 of the Sediment Budget Analysis System (SBAS2000). Features of SBAS2000, a PC-based method for calculating sediment budgets for local and regional extents that may encompass multiple inlets and beaches, are illustrated through the application. The paper concludes with recommendations for improving regional sediment budget analyses. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, CEERDC HC C, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Rosati, JD (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, CEERDC HC C, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FLORIDA SHORE & BEACH PRESERVATION ASSOCIATION PI TALLAHASSEE PA 2952 WELLINGTON CIRCLE, TALLAHASSEE, FL 32301 USA PY 2000 BP 1 EP 16 PG 16 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BQ35W UT WOS:000088119200001 ER PT B AU Schmidt, DV Schwichtenberg, BR AF Schmidt, DV Schwichtenberg, BR BE Tait, LS TI Regional sediment management in action: Multi-purpose project at Port Everglades SO 13TH ANNUAL NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BEACH PRESERVATION TECHNOLOGY PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Annual National Conference on Beach Preservation Technology CY FEB 02-04, 2000 CL MELBOURNE, FL AB The need and benefits of regional sediment management are discussed. Discussed are the benefits and application of regional sediment management principles for the Port Everglades, Florida. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Jacksonville, FL 32232 USA. RP Schmidt, DV (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, 400 W Bay St, Jacksonville, FL 32232 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FLORIDA SHORE & BEACH PRESERVATION ASSOCIATION PI TALLAHASSEE PA 2952 WELLINGTON CIRCLE, TALLAHASSEE, FL 32301 USA PY 2000 BP 17 EP 24 PG 8 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BQ35W UT WOS:000088119200002 ER PT B AU Granat, MA AF Granat, MA BE Tait, LS TI Hydrocyclone technology in dredged material management and beach nourishment; A demonstration project at Ft. Myers Beach, Florida September 21-23, 1998 SO 13TH ANNUAL NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BEACH PRESERVATION TECHNOLOGY PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Annual National Conference on Beach Preservation Technology CY FEB 02-04, 2000 CL MELBOURNE, FL C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Planning Div, Coastal Navigat Sect, Jacksonville, FL USA. RP Granat, MA (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Planning Div, Coastal Navigat Sect, 400 W Bay St, Jacksonville, FL USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FLORIDA SHORE & BEACH PRESERVATION ASSOCIATION PI TALLAHASSEE PA 2952 WELLINGTON CIRCLE, TALLAHASSEE, FL 32301 USA PY 2000 BP 104 EP 119 PG 16 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BQ35W UT WOS:000088119200008 ER PT B AU Stauble, DK Tabar, JR Smith, JB AF Stauble, DK Tabar, JR Smith, JB BE Tait, LS TI Performance of a submerged breakwater along a hardbottom influenced coast: Vero Beach, Florida SO 13TH ANNUAL NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BEACH PRESERVATION TECHNOLOGY PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Annual National Conference on Beach Preservation Technology CY FEB 02-04, 2000 CL MELBOURNE, FL AB This paper summarizes the results of a 3-year monitoring study on the performance of the Vero Beach Prefabricated Erosion Prevention (P.E.P.)Reef Approximately 2.5 years (August 1996 to June 1999) of findings for this project are presented here. The project consisted of placement of 217 concrete units to form a nearshore submerged reef off the City of Vero Beach, Florida between 20 July and 16 August, 1996. The reef was configured into 11 segments, each containing several individual units. Segments were placed in alternating inshore and offshore positions, which provided gaps for the wave set-up to return offshore. Monitoring of the P.E.P. Reef and north and south control areas included analysis of shoreline movement; beach sediment volume gain and loss; nearshore bathymetric change; wave and current modifications; scour and settlement of the P.E.P units; and interactions with existing seawalls and naturally occurring hardbottom. Findings indicate that the existing natural hardbottom affects the beach response. Three nearshore areas, each with different hard bottom morphology, correspond to areas with accretion, high erosion, and moderate erosion of the beach face sand volume. This high erosion zone coincides with the largest natural hardbottom expanse and is also the area with the most seawall construction. The P.E.P. Reef was placed in this area to mitigate erosion pressures. Within four months of placement, the P.E.P. Reef units settled an average 0.86 m (2.8 ft). Most of the units came to rest on the hardbottom, which limited further settlement. A scour trench formed on both the landward and seaward side of the units. Wave transmission attenuation was initially around 12% until settlement when the transmission was the same as the adjacent natural reef. It now appears that the P.E.P. Reef is producing slightly more wave attenuation (in the order of 8%) than the surrounding natural hardbottom. Immediately after P.E.P. reef placement there appeared to be little difference in the erosion of the seawall and non-seawall profiles. After the first year, seaward movement of the shoreline and profile volume accretion have been measured to the north of the project. Erosion has been measured within the P.E.P. reef area and to the south where the natural hardbottom intersects the shoreline at an orientation of around S20 degrees E. The natural hardbottom appears to be controlling the main coastal processes of the area. The P.E.P. Reef seems to be modifying sediment transport, acting as a groin, trapping sand on its updrift end and enhancing the hot spot erosion. In 1999, a sand wave like feature formed behind the segments and is now progressing south through the P.E.P. Reef zone into the south control zone. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Hydraulics Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Stauble, DK (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Hydraulics Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FLORIDA SHORE & BEACH PRESERVATION ASSOCIATION PI TALLAHASSEE PA 2952 WELLINGTON CIRCLE, TALLAHASSEE, FL 32301 USA PY 2000 BP 175 EP 190 PG 16 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BQ35W UT WOS:000088119200013 ER PT B AU Militello, A Kraus, NC Brown, ME AF Militello, A Kraus, NC Brown, ME BE Tait, LS TI Regional coastal and inlet circulation modeling with application to Long Island, New York SO 13TH ANNUAL NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BEACH PRESERVATION TECHNOLOGY PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Annual National Conference on Beach Preservation Technology CY FEB 02-04, 2000 CL MELBOURNE, FL AB The domain of tidal circulation modeling of inlets and adjacent coasts is typically restricted to the direct area of the inlet and bay system to be resolved. Water-level forcing boundary conditions from gauge data or tidal constituents are applied at the ocean boundary without specification of current patterns. With advances in desktop computing and model capabilities, circulation modeling can now be conducted over large regions yet represent local features at finer scale than previously possible. Regional modeling can encompass large areas that include multiple inlets and the coastal reaches in between. Advantages to a regional modeling approach are representation of the hydrodynamic links between adjacent inlets, calculation of nearshore circulation patterns along the beaches that are related to inlet flow, and capability to capture the influence of large-scale processes such as tropical storms and hurricanes. Inlet management benefits from encompassing both regional and local hydrodynamic processes, which can be related to sediment transport and sand bypassing, as well as to beach nourishment, in a cost-effective and comprehensive manner. Because of recent advances in computer and model capabilities, as well as advantages to project evaluation, it is expected that regional modeling will become the standard approach in future modeling efforts. A regional model has been developed for the New York Eight that includes Long Island Sound, Great Peconic Bay, the bays and six inlets along the south shore of Long Island, and New York Harbor. Present focus is on Shinnecock Inlet, Moriches Inlet, Fire Island Inlet, and the associated back bays that are interconnected. Simulations have revealed circulation patterns that may contribute to the erosional hotspot on the beach west of Shinnecock Inlet, as well as to eddy formation that may control the orientation of the inlet ebb jet and orientation of the navigation entrance channel. These circulation patterns arise from a combination of small- and large-scale processes driven by flow through the inlet, presence of jetties, and coastal tide propagation calculated with well-defined regional boundary forcing. Similar patterns occur at the six inlets along an 80-mile stretch of the south shore of Long Island. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Militello, A (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, 3909 Halls Ferry rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU FLORIDA SHORE & BEACH PRESERVATION ASSOCIATION PI TALLAHASSEE PA 2952 WELLINGTON CIRCLE, TALLAHASSEE, FL 32301 USA PY 2000 BP 191 EP 201 PG 11 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BQ35W UT WOS:000088119200014 ER PT B AU Kraus, NC AF Kraus, NC BE Tait, LS TI Prediction of ebb-tidal shoal volume change and sand bypassing SO 13TH ANNUAL NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BEACH PRESERVATION TECHNOLOGY PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Annual National Conference on Beach Preservation Technology CY FEB 02-04, 2000 CL MELBOURNE, FL AB Ebb-tidal, shoals store sand as well as bypass it to the down-drift beach. Storms and mining can reduce the volume of an ebb shoal, and modification of jetties can lead to a new equilibrium state of smaller or larger volume. This paper presents a simple mathematical model for calculating the time evolution of the volume of an ebb-shoal and its capacity to bypass sand to the down-drift beach. The ebb-tidal shoal is distinguished from bypassing bars that emerge from it and from the attachment bar where the bypassing bar merges with the beach. The evolution of the volumes' and bypassing rates of these morphologic entities is calculated by analogy to a reservoir system, where each reservoir can fill to a maximum or equilibrium volume. The changes in volume and bypassing rates depend on the ratio of the input longshore sand transport rate and the equilibrium volume of the morphologic feature. The analytical model includes time delays in growth of the bypassing and attachment bard, which are directly related to the delays in sand bypassing associated with development and growth of the features. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Kraus, NC (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FLORIDA SHORE & BEACH PRESERVATION ASSOCIATION PI TALLAHASSEE PA 2952 WELLINGTON CIRCLE, TALLAHASSEE, FL 32301 USA PY 2000 BP 268 EP 280 PG 13 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BQ35W UT WOS:000088119200021 ER PT B AU Piersol, R AF Piersol, R BE Tait, LS TI An integrated systems approach to coastal structures inventory SO 13TH ANNUAL NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BEACH PRESERVATION TECHNOLOGY PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Annual National Conference on Beach Preservation Technology CY FEB 02-04, 2000 CL MELBOURNE, FL C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Coastal Planning Sect, Philadelphia, PA USA. RP Piersol, R (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Coastal Planning Sect, Philadelphia, PA USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FLORIDA SHORE & BEACH PRESERVATION ASSOCIATION PI TALLAHASSEE PA 2952 WELLINGTON CIRCLE, TALLAHASSEE, FL 32301 USA PY 2000 BP 314 EP 331 PG 18 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BQ35W UT WOS:000088119200024 ER PT B AU Kraus, NC Galgano, FA AF Kraus, NC Galgano, FA BE Tait, L TI Beach erosional hot spots: Types, causes, and solutions SO 14TH ANNUAL NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BEACH PRESERVATION TECHNOLOGY, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Annual National Conference on Beach Preservation Technology CY FEB 07-09, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL ID SAND AB An erosional hot spot (EHS; plural EHSs) is an area having a high erosion rate as compared to the adjacent beach or to expectations for the behavior of the beach. EHSs located in a beach nourishment project can compromise its performance and increase maintenance costs. Sometimes a coast to be nourished is sediment deficient, obscuring the possibility of latent EHSs. In these and other circumstances, the planner and designer must recognize the conditions dud will likely produce EHSs or where their generating mechanisms are already acting. This paper discusses the types, causes, and example solutions of EHSs by which they can be identified and measures that can be taken to prevent or cope with the erosion in an effective way. Possible types of EHSs are extended to cover geologic scales and situations not necessarily involving beach fill or anticipation of beach behavior. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Kraus, NC (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM Nicholas.C.Kraus@erdc.usace.army.mil; bf6360@usma.edu NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FLORIDA SHORE & BEACH PRESERVATION ASSOCIATION PI TALLAHASSEE PA 2952 WELLINGTON CIRCLE, TALLAHASSEE, FL 32301 USA PY 2000 BP 64 EP 80 PG 17 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BS70B UT WOS:000170898100007 ER PT B AU Stauble, DK AF Stauble, DK BE Tait, L TI The importance of geomorphic evaluation in understanding inlet navigation problems SO 14TH ANNUAL NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BEACH PRESERVATION TECHNOLOGY, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Annual National Conference on Beach Preservation Technology CY FEB 07-09, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL AB A geomorphic evaluation of the change in tidal inlet shoals, tidal channels, and inlet adjacent barrier and mainland shorelines was developed using GIS and image analysis technology. The analysis of evolution in the morphology of an inlet can provide insight to the pattern of change and infer sediment transport processes active in inlet evolution. This tool is especially useful at inlets with limited physical data and complex development patterns. New tools and techniques in the use of GIS have allowed the organized collection of geomorphic data to efficiently register, manipulate, analyze and display variations in inlet features. Complex interactions of coastal processes, and the resulting change in inlet features can be difficult to understand. This information is needed to maintain navigation projects. Two case studies are used to illustrate the use of these tools and techniques to document and interpret seemingly complex long-term changes at inlets that were formed through breaching of a barrier spit and that have evolved into major coastal inlets. Ocean City Inlet, Maryland was formed by a Hurricane in 1933 that breached a low narrow area in a barrier spit. The inlet quickly formed an ebb and a two-flood shoal complex. Within two years the inlet was stabilized by jetties. 62-years of evolution of the inlet was studied to assess the ebb shoal growth patterns and extent of influence of the inlet on adjacent shorelines and navigation channel. Several diverse sets of bathymetry and some aerial photography were available, but needed to be georeferenced to common scales and datums to be compared and analyzed. Once these data were compiled, growth patterns, rates and impacts could be easily measured and documented. Chatham Inlet, Massachusetts was formed during a winter storm in 1987, with the breaching of a barrier spit into a narrow lagoon forming a four inlet system. This inlet has had a complex and confusing evolution into a large single inlet in the past thirteen years. Navigation has been difficult as this natural inlet has grown. An assessment of the patterns of growth in the shoals and resulting change to the navigation channels has been done to suggest improvements in the maintenance for commercial boating interests. Limited data sets consisting almost exclusively of aerial photography were all that was available to the study. This data was scanned, rectified and referenced to a common scale using GIS, and evaluation of the channel evolution was produced. The understanding of shoal growth, shoreline change and channel development has allowed improvements in the maintenance and management of theses complex inlet systems, Geomorphic evaluation of complex coastal inlet systems provides a tool to the engineer to better understand how inlets form, evolve and denote active processes. This knowledge will provide useful information and insight into future inlet engineering practice. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Stauble, DK (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FLORIDA SHORE & BEACH PRESERVATION ASSOCIATION PI TALLAHASSEE PA 2952 WELLINGTON CIRCLE, TALLAHASSEE, FL 32301 USA PY 2000 BP 249 EP 264 PG 16 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BS70B UT WOS:000170898100019 ER PT B AU Seabergh, WC AF Seabergh, WC BE Tait, L TI Coastal inlet bank erosion SO 14TH ANNUAL NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BEACH PRESERVATION TECHNOLOGY, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Annual National Conference on Beach Preservation Technology CY FEB 07-09, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL AB Much focus is placed on beach erosion on the open coast. However, coastal processes often occur on sandy shorelines interior to inlets that can lead to severe erosion. These shorelines lie adjacent to coastal inlets and extend around the inlet from the ocean to bay. In particular, an examination of coastal inlets with jetties or terminal groins that are connected to a sandy shoreline develop inner-bank erosion in the absence of preventive measures. Many mature projects show eroded regions that required extensive revetment. Typically, if the erosion is permitted to proceed unabated, a crenulate-shaped shoreline region will develop from the terminus of the jetty, extending both bayward and laterally into the adjacent beach. This expansion of erosion leads to loss of property and difficulties in reclamation as a shallow water environment develops. The eroded sediment moves into the channel creating shoaling problems. Many times the eroded region may flank the jetty structure, leaving it isolated from the shore. Isolation of the jetty may lead to potential problems of tidal current scour near the structure, opening the already eroded embayment to increased wave activity and additional erosion, and permitting increased wave attack on the jetty itself. As part of the Coastal Inlets Research Program (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers), this type of erosion was studied in a movable bed physical model of an inlet. After the governing processes were understood, several preventive techniques were investigated. A case study is included. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Seabergh, WC (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FLORIDA SHORE & BEACH PRESERVATION ASSOCIATION PI TALLAHASSEE PA 2952 WELLINGTON CIRCLE, TALLAHASSEE, FL 32301 USA PY 2000 BP 274 EP 283 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BS70B UT WOS:000170898100021 ER PT B AU Rosati, JD Bocamazo, LM Carlson, BD Davis, JE Smith, TD Wozencraft, JM Hardegree, L Woodruff, PE AF Rosati, JD Bocamazo, LM Carlson, BD Davis, JE Smith, TD Wozencraft, JM Hardegree, L Woodruff, PE BE Tait, L TI The USACE's National Regional Sediment Management Demonstration Program SO 14TH ANNUAL NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BEACH PRESERVATION TECHNOLOGY, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Annual National Conference on Beach Preservation Technology CY FEB 07-09, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL AB This paper describes the U.S. Army Corps of Engineer's (USACE's) National Regional Sediment Management (RSM) Demonstration Program, which was implemented in Fiscal Year (FY) 2000. Six USACE District offices are implementing RSM demonstration projects, and two Districts within the State of Florida have developed their RSM plans with consensus and partnership with the State of Florida's Department of Environmental Protection (FDEP), Office of Beaches and Coastal Systems (OBCS). Sediment management at the regional scale is discussed, followed by a brief summary of the six demonstration projects underway in FY01. The State of Florida's RSM program, which is being conducted in conjunction with the USACE Jacksonville and Mobile Districts, is discussed. Regional economics and benefits, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) designed for RSM in the USACE District, Mobile, and regional numerical models that have been applied within the USACE District, New York are also presented. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Rosati, JD (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU FLORIDA SHORE & BEACH PRESERVATION ASSOCIATION PI TALLAHASSEE PA 2952 WELLINGTON CIRCLE, TALLAHASSEE, FL 32301 USA PY 2000 BP 284 EP 326 PG 43 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BS70B UT WOS:000170898100022 ER PT B AU Militello, A Kraus, NC Rahoy, DS Couch, S Weppler, PM AF Militello, A Kraus, NC Rahoy, DS Couch, S Weppler, PM BE Tait, L TI Establishment of a flood shoal sand source with preservation of existing habitat function SO 14TH ANNUAL NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BEACH PRESERVATION TECHNOLOGY, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Annual National Conference on Beach Preservation Technology CY FEB 07-09, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL AB Shinnecock Inlet, New York, is a dual-jettied inlet located on the south shore of Long Island and connects Shinnecock Bay and the Atlantic Ocean. The beach west of the inlet experiences chronic erosion. As a cost-effective measure for beach nourishment, mining of the flood shoal for material placement on the beach was examined. Five alternatives were developed that specified dredging exclusively in an area of the flood shoal that is composed of material compatible with the west beach. This area contains approximately 1.8x10(6) yd(3) of usable sand. To preserve the existing bird habitat, mining of the area of compatible material was limited to areas having elevation of -2 ft NGVD and lower. A calibrated circulation model was applied to simulate each alternative and compare current strength and patterns to those for the existing condition. The alternatives were evaluated by examining potential changes to navigation safety, availability of material, changes to inlet and channel currents that would modify scour and deposition patterns, and changes in current strength near the beach. Morphology modeling was conducted to calculate the long-term recovery rates after mining of the flood shoal. The study found that mining of the flood shoal in the area of compatible material is a feasible method of obtaining sand for placement on the beach. Mining produced little change to the current strength and patterns in the bay, and no change in the inlet. The mined area would have reduced current speed over its present condition and act as a sediment trap. Calculated recovery times for mining of the flood shoal are 15 yr for removal of 400,000 yd(3) (planned placement volume) and 35 yr for removal of 1x10(6) yd(3). C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Militello, A (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FLORIDA SHORE & BEACH PRESERVATION ASSOCIATION PI TALLAHASSEE PA 2952 WELLINGTON CIRCLE, TALLAHASSEE, FL 32301 USA PY 2000 BP 327 EP 341 PG 15 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BS70B UT WOS:000170898100023 ER PT B AU Bond, C Pugh, J AF Bond, C Pugh, J GP UW-EXTENSION UW-EXTENSION TI Aviation skills training in the Army National Guard SO 16TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE ON DISTANCE TEACHING AND LEARNING, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Annual Conference on Distance Teaching and Learning CY AUG 02-04, 2000 CL MADISON, WI C1 USA, Training Div, Natl Guard Readiness Ctr,Natl Guard Bur, NGB,ART,D,Distributed Learning Branch, Arlington, VA 22205 USA. EM bondc@ngb-arng.ngb.army.mil; pugh@carsoninc.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVERSITY WISCONSIN DISTANCE TEACHING & LEARNING CONFERENCE PI MADISON PA 1050 UNIV AVE, B-136 LATHROP H ALL, MADISON, WI 53706 USA PY 2000 BP 57 EP 61 PG 5 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA BT74Z UT WOS:000173951700011 ER PT B AU Bond, C Pugh, J AF Bond, C Pugh, J GP UNIV WISCONSIN MADISON UNIV WISCONSIN MADISON TI Aviation skills training in the Army National Guard SO 16TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE ON DISTANCE TEACHING & LEARNING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Annual Conference on Distance Teaching and Learning CY AUG 02-04, 2000 CL MADISON, WI C1 USA, Natl Guard Readiness Ctr, Arlington, VA 22204 USA. EM bondc@ngb-arng.ngb.army.mil; pugh@carsoninc.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV WISCONSIN MADISON PI MADISON PA 1050 UNIV AVE, B136 LATHROP HALL, MADISON, WI 53706 USA PY 2000 BP 57 EP 61 PG 5 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA BQ84Z UT WOS:000089819700011 ER PT B AU Wardell, CS Paschetto, G AF Wardell, CS Paschetto, G GP UNIV WISCONSIN MADISON UNIV WISCONSIN MADISON TI Secrets of success: The design, development and execution of an award-winning distance course SO 16TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE ON DISTANCE TEACHING & LEARNING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Annual Conference on Distance Teaching and Learning CY AUG 02-04, 2000 CL MADISON, WI C1 USA, Armor Sch, ATSB TIB, Ft Knox, KY 40121 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV WISCONSIN MADISON PI MADISON PA 1050 UNIV AVE, B136 LATHROP HALL, MADISON, WI 53706 USA PY 2000 BP 513 EP 518 PG 6 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA BQ84Z UT WOS:000089819700082 ER PT B AU Passner, JE Dumais, RE Sauter, DP AF Passner, JE Dumais, RE Sauter, DP GP AMS AMS TI Applications of the battlescale forecast model for the army SO 16TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERACTIVE INFORMATION AND PROCESSING SYSTEMS (IIPS) FOR METEOROLOGY, OCEANOGRAPHY AND HYDROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography, and Hydrology CY JAN 09-14, 2000 CL LONG BEACH, CA SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRLISEW, White Sands Missile Rang, NM 88002 USA. RP Passner, JE (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRLISEW, White Sands Missile Rang, NM 88002 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2000 BP 78 EP 81 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Computer Science; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BS03Y UT WOS:000168410800022 ER PT B AU Sauter, DP AF Sauter, DP GP AMS AMS TI An interactive information and processing system to assist the military with command and control decision making SO 16TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERACTIVE INFORMATION AND PROCESSING SYSTEMS (IIPS) FOR METEOROLOGY, OCEANOGRAPHY AND HYDROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems (IIPS) for Meteorology, Oceanography, and Hydrology CY JAN 09-14, 2000 CL LONG BEACH, CA SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 USA, Res Lab, White Sands Missile Rang, NM 88002 USA. RP Sauter, DP (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, White Sands Missile Rang, NM 88002 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2000 BP 279 EP 282 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Computer Science; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BS03Y UT WOS:000168410800087 ER PT B AU McMillan, RW Milton, O Hetzler, MC Hyde, R Owens, W AF McMillan, RW Milton, O Hetzler, MC Hyde, R Owens, W BE Liu, S Shen, X TI Detection of concealed weapons using far-infrared bolometer arrays SO 2000 25TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED AND MILLIMETER WAVES CONFERENCE DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves CY SEP 12-15, 2000 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Natl Sci Fdn China, Chinese Inst Electr, Univ Electr Sci & Technol China, IEEE MTT AB Radiation at wavelengths longer than about 20 microns will penetrate clothing for the detection of concealed weapons better than die shorter wavelengths. In this paper, we give preliminary results on application of an uncooled bolometer array operating beyond 20 microns to the detection of concealed weapons. C1 USA, Space & Missile Def Command, Huntsville, AL USA. RP McMillan, RW (reprint author), USA, Space & Missile Def Command, Huntsville, AL USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6513-5 PY 2000 BP 259 EP 260 DI 10.1109/ICIMW.2000.893022 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BR44B UT WOS:000166423000112 ER PT B AU Yang, RQ Bradshaw, JL Bruno, JD Pham, JT Wortman, DE AF Yang, RQ Bradshaw, JL Bruno, JD Pham, JT Wortman, DE GP IEEE IEEE TI High-performance continuous wave type-II interband cascade lasers SO 2000 IEEE 17TH INTERNATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR LASER CONFERENCE, CONFERENCE DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE International Semiconductor Laser Conference CY SEP 25-28, 2000 CL MONTEREY, CA SP IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Yang, RQ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6260-8 PY 2000 BP 125 EP 126 DI 10.1109/ISLC.2000.882320 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BR46J UT WOS:000166520900061 ER PT S AU Su, LP Nolan, M deMare, G Norman, B AF Su, LP Nolan, M deMare, G Norman, B GP IEEE IEEE TI Prognostics framework Software Design Tool SO 2000 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOL 6 SE IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2000 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 18-25, 2000 CL BIG SKY, MT SP IEEE, Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc AB The U. S. Army Logistics Integration Agency has funded (1998-2000) the Advanced Technology Office (ATO), the U.S. Army Test, Measurement, Diagnostic Equipment Activity (USATA), the U.S. Army AMCOM to develop a "Prognostics Framework". This is a generic software developmental tool set, open architecture capability to integrate various prognostic mechanisms, and to provide operational and logistic decision-making information. The Prognostics Framework is a horizontal technology mid is tailorable to apply to new and existing systems. This approach saves time and money. It is the fastest to converge on prognostics capabilities into manageable information for the system operators, the maintenance crew, and logistics planners across systems. The Prognostic Framework, a system-level prognostic manager, ties-in to logistics infrastructure (e.g.: IETM, logistics planning, mission planning, statistical tools, spare parts provisioning...). Prognostics Framework is integrated with Diagnostics to provide a total "Health Management Capability. This paper provides Prognostics Framework architecture, design approach, and interfaces capabilities. C1 USA, Aviat & Missile Command, USA Test Measurement Diagnost Equipment Act, Adv Technol Off, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Su, LP (reprint author), USA, Aviat & Missile Command, USA Test Measurement Diagnost Equipment Act, Adv Technol Off, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 0-7803-5846-5 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2000 BP 9 EP 13 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BQ98K UT WOS:000165246000002 ER PT B AU Hale, PS Arno, RG AF Hale, PS Arno, RG GP IEEE IEEE TI Survey of reliability and availability information for power distribution, power generation, and HVAC components for commercial, industrial, and utility installations SO 2000 IEEE INDUSTRIAL & COMMERCIAL POWER SYSTEMS TECHNICAL CONFERENCE, CONFERENCE RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Technical Conference CY MAY 07-11, 2000 CL CLEARWATER BEACH, FL SP IEEE, Ind Applicat Soc, Ind Power Syst Dept, IEEE, Florida W Coast Sect AB This paper presents the culmination of a 24,000 man-hour effort to collect operational and maintenance data on 204 power generation, power distribution and HVAC items, including gas turbine generators, diesel engine generators, electrical switchgear, cables, circuit breakers, boilers, piping, valves, pumps, motors and chillers. The data collection process and the resultant data are the subject of this paper. The Power Reliability Enhancement Program established the data collection effort to determine the effects of "new technology" equipment, i.e., equipment installed after 1971, on reliability and availability. Previous data collection efforts were completed in the early 1970's using data collected in the 1950's and 1960's. The primary purpose of the data collection effort was to provide more current equipment reliability and availability data when performing a facility reliability/availability assessment. Information was obtained on a variety of commercial and industrial facility types (including office buildings, hospitals, water treatment facilities, prisons, utilities, manufacturing facilities, school universities and bank computer centers), with varying degrees of maintenance quality. Data collection guidelines and goals were established to ensure that sufficient operational and maintenance data were collected for statistically valid analysis. Minimums of 3.5 million calendar hours were established for each component. Time-to-failure data, helpful in model development, were collected, when available, to determine device failure characteristics. A database system, with flexible output capabilities, was developed to track both the equipment information (containing over 6,000 records of operational and maintenance data) and the contact information (containing over 3,500 records identifying information sources). The levels of data quality and maintenance quality were assessed during the analysis phase of the project. The results indicated that the maintenance quality level was a major predictor of equipment availability, therefore, the availability values presented represent an average maintenance program across all the data sources. In addition, the information obtained can aid facility designers and engineers in evaluating different designs to minimize production/mission failure and to estimate the down times associated with various systems or sub-systems. Facility types that require more maintenance time and systems that may benefit from redundancy or replacement can also be identified. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Power Reliability Enhancement Program, located in Fort Belvoir, VA, sponsored this two year program. The work was accomplished by the Reliability Analysis Center (RAC) in Rome, NY. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Special Missions Off, PREP, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Hale, PS (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Special Missions Off, PREP, 10115 Gridley Rd, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-5843-0 PY 2000 BP 31 EP 54 DI 10.1109/ICPS.2000.854354 PG 24 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BQ63R UT WOS:000089019400005 ER PT S AU Chan, LCA Der, S Nasrabadi, NM AF Chan, LCA Der, S Nasrabadi, NM GP IEEE, SIGNAL PROC SOC IEEE, SIGNAL PROC SOC IEEE, SIGNAL PROC SOC TI Automatic target detection using dualband infrared imagery SO 2000 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, PROCEEDINGS, VOLS I-VI SE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing CY JUN 05-09, 2000 CL ISTANBUL, TURKEY SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB An automatic target detector often produces too many false alarms that could bog down the performance of subsequent target classifier Therefore, we need a good clutter rejector to remove as many clutters as possible, before feeding the most likely target detections to the classifier. We investigate the benefits of using dual-band foward-looking infrared images to improve the performance of an eigen-neural based clutter rejector. With individual or combined bands as input, we use either principal component analysis or the eigenspace separation transform to perform feature extraction and dimensionality reduction. The transformed data is then fed to a properly trained MLP that predicts the identity of the input, which is either a target or clutter. Experimental results are presented on a dataset of real dual-hand images. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Chan, LCA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1520-6149 BN 0-7803-6293-4 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 2000 BP 2286 EP 2289 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Computer Science; Engineering GA BQ62X UT WOS:000088999500573 ER PT S AU Sadler, BM Kozick, RJ Moore, T AF Sadler, BM Kozick, RJ Moore, T GP IEEE, SIGNAL PROC SOC IEEE, SIGNAL PROC SOC IEEE, SIGNAL PROC SOC TI Performance bounds on bearing and symbol estimation for communication signals with side information SO 2000 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, PROCEEDINGS, VOLS I-VI SE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing CY JUN 05-09, 2000 CL ISTANBUL, TURKEY SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB In this paper we develop Cramer-Rao hounds (CRBs) for bearing, symbol, and phase estimation of communications signals in flat fading channels. We do this using the constrained CRB formulation of German and Hero, and Stoica and Ng. This provides a general framework for a large variety of cases, including semi-blind, constant modulus (CM), known cumulants, and others. These may be combined arbitrarily, e.g., we may develop CRBs for hearing estimation of constant modulus signals when a subset of the symbols are known (semi-blind, CM case). The results establish the value of side information in a large variety of communications scenarios, and may be used to compare performance of various blind and semi-blind algorithms. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Sadler, BM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1520-6149 BN 0-7803-6293-4 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 2000 BP 2529 EP 2532 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Computer Science; Engineering GA BQ62X UT WOS:000088999500634 ER PT S AU Swami, A AF Swami, A GP IEEE, SIGNAL PROC SOC IEEE, SIGNAL PROC SOC IEEE, SIGNAL PROC SOC TI Non-Gaussian mixture models for detection and estimation in heavy-tailed noise SO 2000 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, PROCEEDINGS, VOLS I-VI SE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing CY JUN 05-09, 2000 CL ISTANBUL, TURKEY SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc ID SIGNAL-DETECTION; INTERFERENCE AB Scale mixtures of the Gaussian have been used to approximate the pdf of symmetric alpha stable processes. Such mixtures Gamma hovever Gamma cannot easily capture the heavy-tails. We propose to use Cauchy-Gaussian mixtures which are natural in this setting. Variations of standard EM algorithms can lee used to estimate the parameters of the noise pdfs under various scenarios (noise-only data Gamma weak-signal assumption Gamma partially known-signal case). The fitted mixture models can be used for detection and estimation. In the multivariate case Gamma we present several results on Gaussian mixture approximations of sub-Gaussian pdfs Gamma including robust estimation of the underlying correlation matrix. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, IS,TA, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Swami, A (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, IS,TA, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1520-6149 BN 0-7803-6293-4 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 2000 BP 3802 EP 3805 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Computer Science; Engineering GA BQ62X UT WOS:000088999500952 ER PT S AU Kosinski, JA Pastore, RA AF Kosinski, JA Pastore, RA BE Schneider, SC Levy, M McAvoy, BR TI Analysis of quartz and langasite STW device acceleration sensitivity SO 2000 IEEE ULTRASONICS SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE ULTRASONICS SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium CY OCT 22-25, 2000 CL SAN JUAN, PR SP IEEE Ultrason, Ferroelect, & Frequency Control Soc ID LA3GA5SIO14 AB The acceleration sensitivity of STW on rotated Y-cut langasite is analyzed and compared to that of STW on rotated Y-cut quartz. C1 USA, CECOM, AMSEL RD IW S, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Kosinski, JA (reprint author), USA, CECOM, AMSEL RD IW S, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1051-0117 BN 0-7803-6365-5 J9 ULTRASON PY 2000 BP 227 EP 230 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Industrial; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Acoustics; Engineering; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BT07X UT WOS:000171881300051 ER PT S AU Kosinski, JA Bigler, E AF Kosinski, JA Bigler, E BE Schneider, SC Levy, M McAvoy, BR TI An analysis of "best" LGS material constants based on BAW and SAW data SO 2000 IEEE ULTRASONICS SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE ULTRASONICS SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium CY OCT 22-25, 2000 CL SAN JUAN, PR SP IEEE Ultrason, Ferroelect, & Frequency Control Soc AB Since the first publication of material constants of langasite (LGS) and their temperature coefficients, a careful examination of the progression of reported values shows that they appear to be converging toward a "best" set of material constants. In this work, an "aggregate" set of the measured values of bulk wave velocities is used in order to provide a "best" set of measurement data for BAW propagation. A "best" set of material constants is extracted from this data, in conjunction with the aggregated dielectric constant and lattice constant data. This new set of material constants is able to predict wave velocities to better than 0.5% for most orientations. C1 USA, CECOM, AMSEL RD IW S, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Kosinski, JA (reprint author), USA, CECOM, AMSEL RD IW S, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1051-0117 BN 0-7803-6365-5 J9 ULTRASON PY 2000 BP 529 EP 532 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Industrial; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Acoustics; Engineering; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BT07X UT WOS:000171881300111 ER PT S AU Ballato, A AF Ballato, A BE Schneider, SC Levy, M McAvoy, BR TI Exact equivalent networks for piezomagnetic plate transducers and resonators SO 2000 IEEE ULTRASONICS SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE ULTRASONICS SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium CY OCT 22-25, 2000 CL SAN JUAN, PR SP IEEE Ultrason, Ferroelect, & Frequency Control Soc AB Piezomagnetism is a linear effect relating mechanical and magnetic variables, and is represented by an axial, third-rank, time-antisymmetric tensor. Circuit descriptions over the years have aptly represented its axial nature by means of gyrators, but these have been confined to single-mode representations. We consider the one-dimensional case of simple thickness modes of piezomagnetic plates. Exact multi-mode networks are given for both thickness and lateral excitation. These representations cover biased magnetostrictive plates and stacks as well. When symmetry is present, e.g., resonators with traction-free surfaces, the networks simplify considerably. C1 USA, Commun Elect Command, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Ballato, A (reprint author), USA, Commun Elect Command, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1051-0117 BN 0-7803-6365-5 J9 ULTRASON PY 2000 BP 843 EP 846 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Industrial; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Acoustics; Engineering; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BT07X UT WOS:000171881300180 ER PT S AU Kwon, H Der, SZ Nasrabadi, NM AF Kwon, H Der, SZ Nasrabadi, NM GP IEEE IEEE TI An adaptive hierarchical segmentation algorithm based on quadtree decomposition for hyperspectral imagery SO 2000 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON IMAGE PROCESSING, VOL I, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP 2000) CY SEP 10-13, 2000 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP IEEE, Signal Processing Soc ID CLASSIFICATION AB We present an adaptive hierarchical segmentation algorithm based on quadtree decomposition and a modified minimum-distance classifier. The proposed algorithm uses quadtree decomposition because this technique can adapt to the local characteristics of the hyperspectral data. A feature vector (i.e., a class centroid) for each material type is recursively estimated and updated, so that increasingly accurate segmentation results are achieved as the decomposition proceeds. The proposed method provides improved segmentation performance over standard template-matching segmentation techniques because it adapts to the local context. It also imposes a spatial smoothness constraint on the pixel classification that provides spatial continuity during the segmentation process. Both the proposed algorithm and a:standard template-matching technique were applied to a set of visible to near-infrared hyperspectral images; results are presented. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Kwon, H (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-4880 BN 0-7803-6298-5 J9 IEEE IMAGE PROC PY 2000 BP 776 EP 779 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BR78F UT WOS:000167496300196 ER PT B AU Chan, LA Der, SZ Nasrabadi, NM AF Chan, LA Der, SZ Nasrabadi, NM GP IEEE IEEE TI Dual-band passive infrared imagery for automatic clutter rejection SO 2000 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON IMAGE PROCESSING, VOL II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP 2000) CY SEP 10-13, 2000 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP IEEE, Signal Processing Soc AB In a typical automatic target recognition (ATR) system, the target detection module often produces too many false alarms, which may severely inhibit the effectiveness of the subsequent target classifier module. An effective clutter rejector is therefore needed between these two modules to reduce these false alarms. In this paper, we explore the potential benefits of using dual-band infrared imagery to improve the performance of an eigenneural-based clutter rejector. Individual or combined bands of images are first compressed through eigenspace transformations, such as principal component analysis. The transformed data are then fed to a neural network that decides whether the input is a target or clutter. A huge and realistic set of dual-band passive infrared images was used in a series of experiments. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL SE SE, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Chan, LA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL SE SE, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6298-5 PY 2000 BP 463 EP 466 DI 10.1109/ICIP.2000.899451 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BR78G UT WOS:000167496400117 ER PT B AU DeAnna, RG Mitchell, J Zorman, CA Mehregany, M AF DeAnna, RG Mitchell, J Zorman, CA Mehregany, M BE Laudon, M Romanowicz, B TI Finite-element modeling of 3C-SiC membranes SO 2000 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MODELING AND SIMULATION OF MICROSYSTEMS, TECHNICAL PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Modeling and Simulation of Microsystems CY MAR 27-29, 2000 CL San Diego, CA SP DARPA, Coyote Syst, MEMSCAP, SA, Mol Simulat Inc, Microcosm Technologies Inc, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Motorola, Appl Computat Res Soc, Swiss Fed Inst Technol Lausanne, TIMA CMP Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Int Assoc Math & Comp Modeling DE silicon carbide; MEMS; ANSYS; membrane; FEM ID THERMAL-EXPANSION; STRESSES AB Finite-element modeling (FEM) of 3C-SiC thin-film membranes on Si substrates was used to determine the residual stress and center deflection with applied pressure. The anisotropic, three-dimensional model includes the entire 3C-SiC membrane and Si substrate with appropriate material properties and boundary conditions. Residual stress due to the thermal-expansion-coefficient mismatch between the 3C-SiC film and Si substrate was included in the model. Both before- and after-etching, residual stresses were calculated. In-plane membrane stress and normal deflection with applied pressure were also calculated. FEM results predict a tensile residual stress of 259 MPa in the 3C-SiC membrane before etching. This decreases to 247 MPa after etching the substrate below the membrane. The residual stress experimentally measured on samples made at Case Western Reserve University was 280 MPa on post-etched membranes. This is excellent agreement when an additional 30-40 MPa of residual stress to account for lattice mismatch is added to the FEM results. C1 USA, Res Lab, NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. RP DeAnna, RG (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. OI Zorman, Christian/0000-0001-9773-9351 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPUTATIONAL PUBLICATIONS PI CAMBRIDGE PA PUBISHING OFFICE, 308 ONE KENDALL SQ BLDG 600, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA BN 0-9666135-7-0 PY 2000 BP 253 EP 256 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BAO05 UT WOS:000223049100064 ER PT B AU Connon, WH AF Connon, WH GP IEST IEST IEST TI Determining vehicle sensitivity to changes in test course roughness SO 2000 PROCEEDINGS: INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 46th Annual Technical Meeting and Exposition of the Institute-of-Environmental-Sciences-and-Technology (ESTECH 2000) CY APR 30-MAY 04, 2000 CL PROVIDENCE, RI SP Inst Environm Sci & Technol DE testing; test courses; vehicle ride quality; fatigue damage AB Test courses are monitored at the U.S. Army Aberdeen Test center (ATC) on a monthly basis and are altered as required to maintain a "constant": roughness. The monitoring process consists of a jury ride and analysis of data acquired using an instrumented light wheeled vehicle. The surface profiles of test courses at ATC are also measured on a monthly basis using a profilometer which makes a series of displacement and angular measurements that are used to compute surface roughness as a function of distance traveled over the test course. This paper proposes two techniques for determining vehicle sensitivity to changes in test course roughness (vehicle dependent ride quality and vehicle independent fatigue damage spectrum) and, thus, the requirement to maintain the course. Both of these techniques require a data transformation in the spatial domain analogous to the power spectral density function in the temporal domain. An example using data measured before and after grading of an actual test course is presented. C1 USA, Aberdeen Test Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Connon, WH (reprint author), USA, Aberdeen Test Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES PI MT PROSPECT PA 940 E NORTHWEST HIGHWAY, MT PROSPECT, IL 60056 USA BN 1-877862-73-8 PY 2000 BP 204 EP 216 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BR28L UT WOS:000166022300028 ER PT S AU Kajdas, C Furey, MJ Kempinski, R Valentino, J AF Kajdas, C Furey, MJ Kempinski, R Valentino, J BE Anderson, P Ronkainen, H Holmberg, K TI New condensation-type monomer combinations as ashless antiwear compositions SO 9TH NORDIC SYMPOSIUM ON TRIBOLOGY NORDTRIB 2000, VOL 1 SE VTT SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Nordic Symposium on Tribology (NORDTRIB 2000) CY JUN 11-14, 2000 CL PORVOO, FINLAND SP VTT Mfg Technol, Finnish Soc Tribol ID WEAR AB Environmentally acceptable antiwear additives should preferably not contain more elements than carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen; compounds composed of these elements can be selected or designed to be biodegradable. Most recently, lactam compounds were found to be very effective antiwear additives towards ceramic materials as well as metals. Lactam compounds are referred to as cycloamides. This paper aims at (i) describing compounds of a new antiwear additive group of lactams; particular emphasis is on caprolactam, the monomer used to synthesize Nylon 6, (ii) demonstrating the large synergistic antiwear effect observed when caprolactam is mixed with another condensation-type monomer, i.e., C-36 dimer acid/glycol monoester, and (iii) showing one example of possible practical applications of such mixtures as specific running-in lubricants. Tribological tests carried out on a high-speed/high-load pin-on disk machine demonstrated that caprolactam is an extremely effective antiwear additive for alumina-on-alumina as well as steel-on-steel systems. Similar antiwear effectiveness was also achieved for higher molecular weight cycloamides, e.g., laurolactam. Compositions of the monoester and caprolactam were tested using the T-ll pin-on-disk tester developed by the Institute for Terotechnology in Radom, Poland. This apparatus allows one to run tests at elevated temperatures up to around 300 degreesC. It also continuously records the coefficient of friction and linear displacement due to wear. Combinations of the monoester and caprolactam showed a striking synergistic antiwear effect and reduced friction coefficient. A new small engine running-in lubrication approach is also described. This approach not only provides excellent and most impressive running-in performance but also results in substantial economic savings in labor and materials. C1 Warsaw Univ Technol, Inst Chem Plock, PL-09400 Plock, Poland. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Cent Petr Lab, Warsaw, Poland. USA, TACOM, Warren, MI 48090 USA. RP Kajdas, C (reprint author), Warsaw Univ Technol, Inst Chem Plock, PL-09400 Plock, Poland. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE FINLAND PI ESPOO PA INFORMATION SERVICE, PO BOX 2000, FIN-02044 VT ESPOO, FINLAND SN 0357-9387 BN 951-38-5276-8 J9 VTT SYMP PY 2000 VL 200 BP 299 EP 308 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BR09N UT WOS:000165635400027 ER PT B AU Butkus, MA Grasso, D AF Butkus, MA Grasso, D BE Mittal, KL TI Quantifying the impact of surface complexation on acid-base interactions SO ACID-BASE INTERACTIONS: RELEVANCE TO ADHESION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Acid-Base Interactions - Relevance to Adhesion Science and Technology CY OCT 19-21, 1998 CL NEWARK, NJ SP C4 Technol Inc DE adhesion; surface complexation; vOCG theory; DLVO theory; phosphate adsorption; Lewis acid-base ID PHOSPHATE ADSORPTION; WATER; THERMODYNAMICS; STABILITY; SORPTION; COAGULATION; TRANSPORT; BEHAVIOR; SYSTEMS; ENERGY AB We have examined the utility of the DLVO model as modified by van Oss and colleagues (DLVOEX) for predicting changes in the hydrophilicity of a colloidal hydrous ferric oxide matrix (HFM) derived at a drinking water treatment plant, as a function of phosphate adsorption. Increase in phosphate adsorption, below monolayer coverage, resulted in increased hydrophilicity as indicated by decreased mean HFM aggregate diameter. Results of the DLVOEX model suggested that adsorption of phosphate resulted in an increase in the colloid's Lewis base component (gamma(-)) of surface free energy. The increase in gamma(-) resulted in a concomitant increase (and change of sign) in the predicted free energy of interaction (DeltaG(1w1)) between colloidal aggregates. The change in hydrophilicity suggested by DeltaG(1w1) is conceptually congruent with the Gibbs isotherm equation, which predicts a decrease in solid-liquid interfacial energy with increased adsorption. The increase in predicted aggregate hydrophilicity is also consistent with the observed decrease in aggregate size mentioned above. Phosphate adsorption beyond monolayer coverage resulted in an increase in mean HIM aggregate diameter suggesting a decrease in particle hydrophilicity. This decrease in hydrophilicity may be a result of increased ionic strength and/or phosphate bridging. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Geog & Environm Engn, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Butkus, MA (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Geog & Environm Engn, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU VSP BV-C/O BRILL ACAD PUBL PI LEIDEN PA PO BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-6764-325-4 PY 2000 BP 235 EP 244 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA BW57X UT WOS:000182486000010 ER PT S AU Harkins, T Hepner, D AF Harkins, T Hepner, D BE Masten, MK Stockum, LA TI MAGSONDE (patent pending): a device for making angular measurements on spinning projectiles using magnetic sensors SO ACQUISITION, TRACKING, AND POINTING XIV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Acquisition, Tracking, and Pointing XIV CY APR 26-27, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE magnetic sensors; angular motion; spinning projectiles AB Accurate measurement of angular motions of spinning bodies with on-board sensors has long been recognized as a daunting task. Recent advances in magnetic sensor technologies have yielded devices small enough, rugged enough, and sensitive enough to be useful in systems making high-speed, high-resolution measurements of attitude relative to magnetic fields when installed on free-flying bodies. Such a measurement system, called a "MAGSONDE" (MAGnetic SONDE), has ken designed for use in spinning projectiles for the estimation of in-flight angular orientation with respect to the earth's magnetic field The MAGSONDE is comprised of both an apparatus and a methodology that determines orientation from sensor phase measurements. Sensor scale factor variations will not affect MAGSONDE performance. Other significant features of MAGSONDE are its day/night and all weather capability and its use of non-emissive, passive sensors. Potential applications for MAGSONDE include, but are not limited to, navigation aids and determination of angular motion histories of experimental, developmental and tactical projectiles. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Harkins, T (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3651-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4025 BP 60 EP 67 DI 10.1117/12.391652 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BQ62K UT WOS:000088995700006 ER PT S AU Hepner, D Harkins, T AF Hepner, D Harkins, T BE Masten, MK Stockum, LA TI Determining inertial orientation of a spinning body with body-fixed sensors SO ACQUISITION, TRACKING, AND POINTING XIV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Acquisition, Tracking, and Pointing XIV CY APR 26-27, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE navigation; inertial measurement unit (IMU); sensors; optical sensor; magnetometer AB A methodology for determining absolute inertial angular orientation of a spinning body is demonstrated utilizing independent angular measurements for two arbitrary body-fixed sensor systems. A particular application is denoted utilizing Army Research Laboratory (ARL) Solar Likeness Indicating Transducers (SLIT) and magnetoresistive sensors which provide body-fixed, independent angular measurements with regard to their respective local fields. Knowledge of the local field orientations and a coordinate transformation provide the inertial orientation angles, commonly called psi and theta, useful for evaluation and development of advanced flight bodies and as a navigation aid for brilliant munitions. The device is called POINTER: Projectile Orientation In Navigation TERms for a spinning body containing optical and magnetic sensors. Typical sensor data and reduction processes are reviewed and alternative field measurements are discussed. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Hepner, D (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3651-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4025 BP 68 EP 78 DI 10.1117/12.391651 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BQ62K UT WOS:000088995700007 ER PT J AU Schomer, PD AF Schomer, PD TI Loudness-level weighting for environmental noise assessment SO ACUSTICA LA English DT Article ID ENERGY IMPULSIVE SOUNDS; FIELD-LABORATORY TESTS; TRANSPORTATION NOISE; COMMUNITY ANNOYANCE; MILITARY SOUNDS; SMALL-ARMS; VEHICLE AB Assessment of combined noise environments has been the subject of much research and debate. There is a need to assess the urban/suburban noise environment using a single, all-encompassing method. Currently, most countries use some form of the A-weighted equivalent level (ALEQ) to assess most noises. Many adjustments have been suggested to provide a method whereby all noise can be assessed using ALEQ. But overall, the A-weighting method works pretty well. The question is: Is there some incremental improvement that can be made to ALEQ that will better reduce some its known deficiencies ? A-weighting only operates in the frequency domain. It provides a constant filter that is independent of sound level. In this paper, we suggest the use of the equal loudness-level contours (ISO 226, 1987) as a dynamic filter that changes with both sound level and frequency. It is shown that loudness-level-weighted sound exposure level (LLSEL) and loudness-level-weighted equivalent level (LL-LEQ) can be used to assess environmental noise. Compared with A-weighting, loudness level weighting better orders and assesses transportation noise sources, and it better assesses sounds with strong, low-frequency content. Also, with the addition of a 12-dB adjustment, loudness-level weighting better orders and assesses highly impulsive sounds. C1 USA, Construct Engn Res Lab, Champaign, IL 61821 USA. RP Schomer, PD (reprint author), USA, Construct Engn Res Lab, POB 9005, Champaign, IL 61821 USA. NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 4 PU S HIRZEL VERLAG PI STUTTGART PA POSTFACH 10 10 61, D-70 009 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0001-7884 J9 ACUSTICA JI Acustica PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 86 IS 1 BP 49 EP 61 PG 13 WC Acoustics SC Acoustics GA 290JX UT WOS:000085674100006 ER PT S AU Liu, JJ Lawler, W Riely, B Chang, W Shen, P Newman, P Taysing-Lara, M Olver, K Koley, B Dagenais, M Simonis, GJ AF Liu, JJ Lawler, W Riely, B Chang, W Shen, P Newman, P Taysing-Lara, M Olver, K Koley, B Dagenais, M Simonis, GJ BE Pape, DR TI Multi-channel parallel free-space VCSEL optoelectronic interconnects for digital data transmission and processing SO ADVANCES IN OPTICAL INFORMATION PROCESSING IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Optical Information Processing IX CY APR 25-26, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE VCSEL; photodetector; CMOS driver; optoelectronic interconnect; optoelectronic processing AB A free-space integrated optoelectronic interconnect was built to explore parallel data transmission and processing. This interconnect comprises an 8x8 substrate-emitting 980-nm InGaAs/GaAs quantum-well vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) array and an 8x8 InGaAs/InP P-I-N photodector array. Both VCSEL, and detector arrays were flip-chip bonded onto the complimentary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) circuitry, packaged in pin-grid array (PGA) packages, and mounted on customized printed circuit boards. Individual data rates as high as 1.2 Gb/s on the VCSEL/CMOS transmitter array were measured. After the optical alignment, we carried out serial and parallel transmissions of digital data and live video scenes through this interconnect between two computers. Images captured by CCD camera were digitized to g-bit data signals and transferred in serial bit-stream through multiple channels in this parallel VCSEL-detector optical interconnect. A data processing algorithm of edge defection was attempted during the data transfer. Final images were reconstructed back from optically transmitted and processed digital data. Although the transmitter and detector offered much higher data rates, we found that the overall image transfer rate was limited by the CMOS receiver circuits. A new design for the receiver circuitry was accomplished and submitted for fabrication. C1 USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Liu, JJ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, AMSRL SE EM,2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3672-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4046 BP 130 EP 139 DI 10.1117/12.391941 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BQ75P UT WOS:000089403700014 ER PT J AU Accorsi, M Leonard, J Benney, R Stein, K AF Accorsi, M Leonard, J Benney, R Stein, K TI Structural modeling of parachute dynamics SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The dynamic behavior of parachute systems is an extremely complex phenomenon characterized by nonlinear, time-dependent coupling between the parachute and surrounding airflow, large shape changes in the parachute, and three-dimensional unconstrained motion of the parachute through the fluid medium. Because of these complexities, the design of parachutes has traditionally been performed using a semiempirical approach. This approach to design is time consuming and expensive. The ability to perform computer simulations of parachute dynamics would significantly improve the design process and ultimately reduce the cost of parachute system development. The finite element formulation for a structural model capable of simulating parachute dynamics is presented. Explicit expressions are given for structural mass and stiffness matrices and internal and external force vectors. Algorithms for solution of the nonlinear dynamic response are also given. The capabilities of the structural model are demonstrated by three example problems. In these examples, the effect of the surrounding airflow is approximated by prescribing the canopy pressure and by applying cable and payload drag forces on the structural model. The examples demonstrate the ability to simulate three-dimensional unconstrained dynamics beginning with an unstressed folded configuration corresponding to the parachute cut pattern. The examples include simulations of the inflation, terminal descent, and control phases. C1 Univ Connecticut, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. USA, Soldier & Biol Chem Command, Soldier Syst Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Accorsi, M (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. NR 28 TC 15 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 38 IS 1 BP 139 EP 146 DI 10.2514/2.934 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 274UK UT WOS:000084783300018 ER PT J AU Mascola, LR Frankel, SS Broliden, K AF Mascola, LR Frankel, SS Broliden, K TI HIV-1 entry at the mucosal surface: role of antibodies in protection SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV; SIV; SHIV; antibody; mucosal surface ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; CD4(+) T-CELLS; DENDRITIC CELLS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; PASSIVE-IMMUNIZATION; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; RHESUS MACAQUES; NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES; ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEINS; UNINFECTED INDIVIDUALS C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Retrovirol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Infect & Parasit Dis Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. Huddinge Univ Hosp, Karolinska Inst, Dept Clin Virol, Stockholm, Sweden. RP Mascola, LR (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Retrovirol, 13 Taft Court,Suite 200, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. NR 87 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PY 2000 VL 14 SU 3 BP S167 EP S174 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 371RN UT WOS:000165192100017 ER PT J AU Puri, A Riley, JL Kim, D Ritchey, DW Hug, P Jernigan, K Rose, P Blumenthal, R Carroll, RG AF Puri, A Riley, JL Kim, D Ritchey, DW Hug, P Jernigan, K Rose, P Blumenthal, R Carroll, RG TI Influenza virus upregulates CXCR4 expression in CD4(+) cells SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID T-CELLS; CD28 COSTIMULATION; HIV-1 ENTRY; DISEASE PROGRESSION; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; FUSION COFACTOR; TROPIC HIV-1; INFECTION; HEMAGGLUTININ; RECEPTOR AB We examined the effect of prior influenza virus infection on the susceptibility of CD4(+) cells to HIV-1 infection. Influenza virus infection of HeLa-CD4 cells resulted in a marked increase in susceptibility to infection by CXCR4-dependent but not CCR5-dependent HIV isolates. Influenza virus infection resulted in an increase in the steady state level of CXCR4 transcripts and an increase in cell surface CXCR4 expression. Our observations suggest that infectious agents such as influenza may contribute to HIV disease progression by modulating coreceptor availability. C1 NCI, Frederick Canc Res & Dev Ctr, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Retrovirol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn Advancement Mil Med, US Mil HIV Res Program, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Puri, A (reprint author), NCI, Frederick Canc Res & Dev Ctr, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD JAN 1 PY 2000 VL 16 IS 1 BP 19 EP 25 DI 10.1089/088922200309566 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 309QQ UT WOS:000086781100004 PM 10628813 ER PT J AU Shearer, MH Dalgleish, AG Chanh, TC Kennedy, RC AF Shearer, MH Dalgleish, AG Chanh, TC Kennedy, RC TI Idiotype cascades associated with the CD4-HIV glycoprotein 120 interaction: Immunization with anti-idiotypic antibodies induces anti-anti-idiotypic responses with anti-CD4 specificity and in vitro neutralizing activity SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; CD4-SPECIFIC MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; ANTIIDIOTYPIC ANTIBODY; HUMAN CD4; RHESUS-MONKEYS; HIV-INFECTION; T4 MOLECULE; EPITOPE; INDIVIDUALS; RETROVIRUS AB Anti-idiotypic antibodies (Ab-2), which were generated in baboons against a mouse monoclonal antibody specific for the CD4 molecule expressed on human T cells, were used to produce anti-anti-idiotypic antibodies (Ab-3) in mice, This response induced by Ab-2 immunization of BALB/c mice was classified as anti-anti-idiotype (Ab-3) on the basis of the ability of the mouse Ab-3 to (1) specifically bind the baboon Ab-2 preparation, but not irrelevant baboon IgG preparations, (2) inhibit the binding of the anti-CD4 Ab-1 preparation to the baboon Ab-2, and (3) recognize a second baboon Ab-2, along with a rabbit Ab-2 specific for the monoclonal anti-CD4 Ab-1 preparation. The murine Ab-3 response also recognizes the CD4 molecule expressed on a human CD4(+) T cell line, as determined by flow cytometry; recognizes the same epitopes on the CD4 molecule as the Ab-1; inhibits HIV-1 syncytium formation; and neutralizes HIV-1 primary isolates in vitro, These studies suggest that Ab-3 responses can be induced by anti-Id immunization, which serologically mimicks the antigen and Id specificities of the monoclonal anti-CD4 preparation used to generate the anti-Id. Thus, the Ab-3 response exhibits the characteristics of a population that represents the internal image of the Ab-1. C1 Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA. St George Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Oncol Gastroenterol Endocrinol & Metab Med, London SW17 0RE, England. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Kennedy, RC (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [P40 RR 12317] NR 42 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD JAN 1 PY 2000 VL 16 IS 1 BP 77 EP 86 DI 10.1089/088922200309629 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 309QQ UT WOS:000086781100010 PM 10628819 ER PT S AU Simi, C Parish, J Winter, E Dixon, R LaSota, C Williams, M AF Simi, C Parish, J Winter, E Dixon, R LaSota, C Williams, M BE Shen, SS Descour, MR TI Night vision imaging spectrometer (NVIS) performance parameters and their impact on various detection algorithms SO ALGORITHMS FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery VI CY APR 24-26, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE hyperspectral imaging; imaging spectrometer; spectral calibration; algorithm effects AB In the past 3 years, US Army's Night Vision and Electronic Sensors Directorate has worked in conjunction with Navy SPAWAR on DARPA's Adaptive Spectral Reconnaissance Program (ASRP). The Night Vision Imaging Spectrometer (NVIS), which is a solar reflective (0.4-2.35um) hyperspectral imaging device, has played a major role in the ASR Program. As with all spectral imaging devices, there exist a certain number of imperfections in the NVIS device. If not handled properly, these imperfections can have an impact upon the performance of certain detection algorithms. This paper will describe the overall measured sensor performance parameters of the NVIS, its imperfections and the effect they may have on algorithm performance. There will also be a discussion concerning the processing tools and methods that have been developed in the past year, and have allowed the imperfections to be removed to some level. C1 USA, NVESD, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Simi, C (reprint author), USA, NVESD, 10221 Burbeck Rd, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 2 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3675-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4049 BP 218 EP 229 DI 10.1117/12.410344 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Mathematics, Applied; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BQ82H UT WOS:000089706600020 ER PT S AU Sichina, J Nguyen, L Sullivan, A AF Sichina, J Nguyen, L Sullivan, A BE Zelnio, EG TI Using models and measurements to describe ultra wideband radar-scattering phenomena SO ALGORITHMS FOR SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR IMAGERY VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery VII CY APR 24-28, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE ultra wideband radar (UWB); foliage penetrating radar; synthetic aperture radar (SAR); automatic target detection (ATD); phenomenology; computational electromagnetics AB The Army Research Laboratory (ARL) has been developing ultra wideband (UWB), ultra wide angle radar technology to meet warfighter requirements to detect concealed targets (such as tactical vehicles under foliage). Experiments undertaken by ARL and others using testbed radar's (such as ARL's BoomSAR) have shown significant potential for detecting hidden targets. initial evaluations have concentrated on identifying the "contrast" ratios for desired targets versus average background. In more recent work, we have begun to evaluate specific angle, frequency, and/or polarization-based scattering properties of targets and clutter to isolate discrimination features for use in automatic target detection and cuing (ATD/C) algorithms (see reference 1). Though promising, much of this work has been ad hoc and based on small data sets that have only recently become available. To complement the measurements and analysis effort under way at ARL, our team is also developing high-fidelity electromagnetic models of targets and certain classes of clutter to gain a physics-based insight into robust discrimination techniques. We discuss recent analysis of both EM model results as well as a unique inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) collection undertaken at Aberdeen Proving Ground (APG). By creating a phenomenological framework for explaining and/or describing target and/or clutter backscatter behavior and comparing it with measured field data, we can develop detection strategies inspired by the unique physics of low-frequency radar. Finally, we suggest one such detection paradigm. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Sichina, J (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3679-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4053 BP 220 EP 228 DI 10.1117/12.396334 PG 3 WC Mathematics, Applied; Optics; Telecommunications SC Mathematics; Optics; Telecommunications GA BQ82J UT WOS:000089706700022 ER PT S AU Ranney, K Khatri, H Nguyen, L Sichina, J AF Ranney, K Khatri, H Nguyen, L Sichina, J BE Zelnio, EG TI Pruning method for a cluster-based neural network SO ALGORITHMS FOR SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR IMAGERY VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery VII CY APR 24-28, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE optimal brain surgeon; divergence method AB Many radar automatic target detection (ATD) algorithms operate on a set of data statistics or features rather than on the raw radar sensor data. These features are selected based on their ability to separate target data samples from background clutter samples. The ATD algorithms often operate on the features through a set of parameters that must be determined from a set of training data that: are statistically similar to the data set to be encountered in practice. The designer usually attempts to minimize the number of features used by the algorithm-a process commonly referred to as pruning. This not only reduces the computational demands of the algorithm, but it also prevents overspecialization to the samples from the training data set. Thus, the algorithm will perform better on a set of test data samples it has not encountered during training. The Optimal Brain Surgeon (OBS)(1) and Divergence Method(2) provide two different approaches to pruning. We apply the two methods to a set of radar data features to determine a new, reduced set of features. We then evaluate the resulting feature sets and discuss the differences between the two methods. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL SE RU, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Ranney, K (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL SE RU, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3679-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4053 BP 274 EP 279 DI 10.1117/12.396339 PG 4 WC Mathematics, Applied; Optics; Telecommunications SC Mathematics; Optics; Telecommunications GA BQ82J UT WOS:000089706700027 ER PT S AU Ranney, K Khatri, H Nguyen, L Sichina, J AF Ranney, K Khatri, H Nguyen, L Sichina, J BE Zelnio, EG TI Relative performance of selected detectors SO ALGORITHMS FOR SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR IMAGERY VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery VII CY APR 24-28, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE pruning; Bayesian neural network; quadratic polynomial detector AB The quadratic polynomial detector (QPD) and the radial basis function (RBF) family of detectors-including the Bayesian neural network (BNN)-might well be considered workhorses within the field of automatic target detection (ATD). The QPD works reasonably well when the data is unimodal, and it also achieves the best possible performance if the underlying data follow a Gaussian distribution. The BNN, on the other hand, has been applied successfully in cases where the underlying data are assumed to follow a multimodal distribution. We compare the performance of a BNN detector and a QPD for various scenarios synthesized from a set of Gaussian probability density functions (pdfs). This data synthesis allows us to control parameters such as modality and correlation, which, in turn, enables us to create data sets that can probe the weaknesses of the detectors. We present results for different data scenarios and different detector architectures. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL SE RU, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Ranney, K (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL SE RU, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3679-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4053 BP 280 EP 295 DI 10.1117/12.396340 PG 4 WC Mathematics, Applied; Optics; Telecommunications SC Mathematics; Optics; Telecommunications GA BQ82J UT WOS:000089706700028 ER PT S AU Rosario, DS AF Rosario, DS BE Zelnio, EG TI End-to-end performance of the TESAR ATR system SO ALGORITHMS FOR SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR IMAGERY VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery VII CY APR 24-28, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE SAR ATR; TESAR; predator UAV AB The TESAR (Tactical Endurance Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)) system uses four algorithms in its three-stage algorithmic approach to the detection and identification of targets in continuous real-time, 1-ft-resolution, strip SAR image data. The first stage employs a multitarget detector with a built-in natural/cultural false-alarm mitigator. The second stage provides target hypotheses for the candidate targets and refines their angular pose. The third stage, consisting of two template-based algorithms, produces final target-identification decisions. This paper reviews the end-to-end ATR performance achieved by the TESAR system in preparation for a 1998 field demonstration at Aberdeen Proving Ground, Aberdeen, MD. The discussion includes an overview of the algorithm suite, the system's unique capabilities, and its overall performance against eight ground targets. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Rosario, DS (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3679-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4053 BP 677 EP 684 DI 10.1117/12.396379 PG 4 WC Mathematics, Applied; Optics; Telecommunications SC Mathematics; Optics; Telecommunications GA BQ82J UT WOS:000089706700065 ER PT J AU Meffert, JJ AF Meffert, JJ TI Cry ungual! Diagnosis: B. Plain radiograph of the toe SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Article ID SUBUNGUAL EXOSTOSIS C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Meffert, JJ (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 USA SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD JAN 1 PY 2000 VL 61 IS 1 BP 189 EP 190 PG 2 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 273YK UT WOS:000084736800025 PM 10643959 ER PT J AU Jackson, JL O'Malley, PG Tomkins, G Balden, E Santoro, J Kroenke, K AF Jackson, JL O'Malley, PG Tomkins, G Balden, E Santoro, J Kroenke, K TI Treatment of functional gastrointestinal disorders with antidepressant medications: A meta-analysis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID IRRITABLE-BOWEL-SYNDROME; DOUBLE-BLIND; WHEAT BRAN; CONTROLLED CROSSOVER; VISCERAL PERCEPTION; CONTROLLED TRIAL; CLINICAL-TRIALS; UNITED-STATES; PLACEBO; SYMPTOMS AB BACKGROUND: Functional gastrointestinal disorders are common, accounting for up to 50% of gastroenterology referrals, and several randomized controlled trials have evaluated antidepressant therapy for their treatment. METHODS: We performed a meta-analysis of published, English-language, randomized clinical trials on the use of antidepressants for the treatment of patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders. RESULTS: Twelve randomized placebo-controlled trials of antidepressant treatment of functional gastrointestinal disorders were identified. One was excluded for using a combination of a tricyclic and neuroleptic agent. The medications included tricyclic antidepressants (amitriptyline [n = 3], clomipramine [n = 1], desipramine [n = 2], doxepin [n = 1], and trimipramine [n = 2]), and the antiserotonin agent, mianserin (n = 2). In addition, one trial compared two different antidepressants (mianserin and clomipramine) with placebo. Data were abstracted for the dichotomous outcome of symptom improvement in seven studies, and for the continuous variable of pain score in eight studies. The summary odds ratio for improvement with antidepressant therapy was 4.2 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.3 to 7.9), and the average standardized mean improvement in pain was equal to 0.9 SD units (95% CI: 0.6 to 1.2 SD units). On average 3.2 patients needed to be treated (95% CI: 2.1 to 6.5 patients) to improve 1 patient's symptom. CONCLUSION: Treatment of functional gastrointestinal disorders with antidepressants appears to be effective. Whether this improvement is independent of an effect of treatment on depression needs further evaluation. Am 1 Med. 2000;108: 65-72. (C)2000 by Excerpta Medica, Inc. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med EDP, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. William Beaumont Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, El Paso, TX 79920 USA. Univ Indianapolis, Sch Med, Regenstrief Inst Hlth Care, Dept Med, Indianapolis, IN 46227 USA. RP Jackson, JL (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med EDP, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 70 TC 285 Z9 309 U1 1 U2 10 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 245 WEST 17TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0002-9343 J9 AM J MED JI Am. J. Med. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 108 IS 1 BP 65 EP 72 DI 10.1016/S0002-9343(99)00299-5 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 273ME UT WOS:000084710800010 PM 11059442 ER PT J AU Lauder, TD Dillingham, TR Andary, M Kumar, S Pezzin, LE Stephens, MRT Shannon, S AF Lauder, TD Dillingham, TR Andary, M Kumar, S Pezzin, LE Stephens, MRT Shannon, S TI Effect of history and exam in predicting electrodiagnostic outcome among patients with suspected lumbosacral radiculopathy SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL MEDICINE & REHABILITATION LA English DT Article DE physical examination; lumbosacral radiculopathy; lumbar spine; electrodiagnosis; electromyography ID LOW-BACK-PAIN; PHYSICAL-EXAMINATION; SCIATICA; SIGNS AB Objective: To determine the extent to which the history and physical examination predict the outcome of the electrodiagnostic (EDX) evaluation in patients with suspected lumbosacral radiculopathy. Design: Data for 170 subjects referred for low-back and lower limb symptoms were prospectively collected at five EDX laboratories. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and odds ratios were determined for symptoms and neurologic signs. Results: Symptoms were not significantly associated with an EDX study or a lumbosacral radiculopathy. The physical examination was better at predicting that an EDX study would be abnormal in general than it was at predicting a lumbosacral radiculopathy in particular. Of those subjects with normal physical examinations, 15%-18% still had abnormal EDX findings. Conclusions: In a population of patients referred for an EDX study, the history and physical examination alone cannot reliably predict: electrodiagnostic outcome. C1 Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Dept Phys Med & Rehabil, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys Med & Rehabil, Baltimore, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Emergency Med, Baltimore, MD USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys Med & Rehabil, Ingham Reg Med Ctr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Madigan Army Med Ctr, Dept Phys Med & Rehabil, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. Womack Army Med Ctr, Phys Med & Rehabil Serv, Ft Bragg, NC USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Phys Med & Rehabil, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Lauder, TD (reprint author), Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Dept Phys Med & Rehabil, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. RI Abbott, J./B-2976-2008 OI Abbott, J./0000-0001-6468-7284 NR 28 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0894-9115 J9 AM J PHYS MED REHAB JI Am. J. Phys. Med. Rehabil. PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 79 IS 1 BP 60 EP 68 DI 10.1097/00002060-200001000-00013 PG 9 WC Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences SC Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences GA 280AA UT WOS:000085078400011 PM 10678605 ER PT J AU Lane, MJ Jeffrey, RB Katz, DS AF Lane, MJ Jeffrey, RB Katz, DS TI Spontaneous intrahepatic vascular shunts SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PORTOSYSTEMIC VENOUS SHUNT; LIVER; CT C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Stanford Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Winthrop Univ Hosp, Dept Radiol, Mineola, NY 11501 USA. RP Lane, MJ (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 10 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0361-803X J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 174 IS 1 BP 125 EP 131 PG 7 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 269PT UT WOS:000084487300025 PM 10628467 ER PT J AU Kuklo, TR Tis, JE Moores, LK Schaefer, RA AF Kuklo, TR Tis, JE Moores, LK Schaefer, RA TI Fatal rhabdomyolysis with bilateral gluteal, thigh, and leg compartment syndrome after the army physical fitness test - A case report SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID TOTAL HIP-ARTHROPLASTY; EXERTIONAL RHABDOMYOLYSIS; COMPLICATION; EXERCISE; SURGERY C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Orthopaed Surg Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Crit Care Med Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Tis, JE (reprint author), 4216 Gelding Lane, Olney, MD 20832 USA. NR 39 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ORTHOPAEDIC SOC SPORT MED PI WALTHAM PA 230 CALVARY STREET, WALTHAM, MA 02154 USA SN 0363-5465 J9 AM J SPORT MED JI Am. J. Sports Med. PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 28 IS 1 BP 112 EP 116 PG 5 WC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA 276CG UT WOS:000084857600020 PM 10653554 ER PT J AU Ferrick, MR AF Ferrick, MR TI Coracoid impingement - A case report and review of the literature SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article C1 USA, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Darnall Army Hosp, MEDDAC, Ft Hood, TX 76544 USA. RP Ferrick, MR (reprint author), USA, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Darnall Army Hosp, MEDDAC, Ft Hood, TX 76544 USA. NR 10 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ORTHOPAEDIC SOC SPORT MED PI WALTHAM PA 230 CALVARY STREET, WALTHAM, MA 02154 USA SN 0363-5465 J9 AM J SPORT MED JI Am. J. Sports Med. PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 28 IS 1 BP 117 EP 119 PG 3 WC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA 276CG UT WOS:000084857600021 PM 10653555 ER PT J AU North, JH Pack, MS AF North, JH Pack, MS TI Malignant tumors of the small intestine: A review of 144 cases SO AMERICAN SURGEON LA English DT Review ID SMALL-BOWEL CANCER AB Cancer of the small intestine represents less than two per cent of all the malignant tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. Because they are infrequent tumors, a review of a tumor registry was performed to analyze response to treatment of the disease and prognostic factors. A retrospective review of patients with primary cancer of the small intestine was performed using the Department of Defense Tumor Registry. The registry was accessed to determine stage, types of cancer, intervention, and patient outcomes. TNM staging and follow-up were available on 144 patients from 1970 to 1996. Median follow-up was 38.9 months. There were 32 (64%) males and 52 (38%) females. The median age was 55.7 years. The types of small intestinal cancer included 68 patients (47%) with adenocarcinoma, 41 patients (28%) with carcinoid, 18 patients (13%) with leiomyosarcoma, and 17 patients (12%) with lymphoma. The overall 5-year survival was 57 per cent and the median survival was 52 months. Survival of patients with adenocarcinoma was not dependent on location within the small bowel, Survival was best for early-stage tumors and when lesions could be completely resected. C1 Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Surg Oncol Serv, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. RP North, JH (reprint author), Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Surg Oncol Serv, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. NR 14 TC 85 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHEASTERN SURGICAL CONGRESS PI ATLANTA PA 141 WEST WIEUCA RD, STE B100, ATLANTA, GA 30342 USA SN 0003-1348 J9 AM SURGEON JI Am. Surg. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 66 IS 1 BP 46 EP 51 PG 6 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 273MF UT WOS:000084710900011 PM 10651347 ER PT S AU Fountzoulos, CG Kelley, JV Halada, GP AF Fountzoulos, CG Kelley, JV Halada, GP BE Sullivan, JP Robertson, J Zhou, O Allen, TB Coll, BF TI An electrochemical impedance evaluation and laser irradiation effects on the electronic structure of silicon containing diamond-like carbon coating SO AMORPHOUS AND NANOSTRUCTURED CARBON SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Amorphous and Nanostructured Carbon at the 1999 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 29-DEC 02, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID DEPOSITION AB Hard, adherent, 2 square m thick lubricious silicon containing diamond-like carbon coatings (Si-DLC) were synthesized by 40 keV Ar+ ion beam assisted deposition (IBAD) of tetraphenyl-tetramethyl-trisiloxane oil on two, 5 cm by 5 cm by 0.64 cm thick 4340 steel substrates. Two different substrate surface finishes were examined, 1 polished and 1 600 grit finish (unpolished). The corrosion resistance of the Si-DLC coating was evaluated by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) in a 0.005N concentration sodium chloride (NaCl) solution. Low frequency impedance data from each of the coatings were compared with those of bare steel. The Si-DLC coating deposited on the polished substrate performed slightly better than the one deposited on the unpolished surface. Overall the Si-DLC coating did not appear to offer very much corrosion protection to the steel. This was mainly attributed to the presence of pinholes in the coating. Furthermore, to study the effect of radiation on the electronic structure of the Si-DLC coating, three Si-DLC coatings synthesized under the same deposition conditions on silicon substrates at various oil precursor temperatures were irradiated by a 355 nm wavelength: 0.37 Watts, pulsed YAG Laser at 35 kHz. Corrosion and irradiation results and procedures to minimize the pinhole density in the Si-DLC coating will be discussed in detail. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weapons Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Fountzoulos, CG (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weapons Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-501-3 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2000 VL 593 BP 445 EP 450 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BQ70Z UT WOS:000089239300069 ER PT S AU Albert, MR Shultz, EF Perron, FE AF Albert, MR Shultz, EF Perron, FE BE Steffen, K TI Snow and firn permeability at Siple Dome, Antarctica SO ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY, VOL 31, 2000 SE ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on the Verification of Cryospheric Models CY AUG 16-20, 1999 CL SWISS FED INST TECHNOL, ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SP Int Glaciol Soc, ETH, Univ Zurich, Schweizer Akad Nat Wissensch, Schweizer Stift Alphine Forsch HO SWISS FED INST TECHNOL AB The nature of air-snow exchange processes depends upon both the physical characteristics of the snow and forcing from the atmosphere. An understanding of snow-air transport processes and models of these processes are important for interpreting ice cores and for predicting remotely sensed snow-surface characteristics. Accurate modeling requires knowledge of the physical characteristics of the snow and firn. In this paper, measurements of snow and firn permeability from the surface down to 12 m depth at Siple Dome, Antarctica? are presented. The permeability varies greatly as a function of layer and depth, generally increasing to approximately 3 m, and generally decreasing below that. The maximum permeability, 280 x 10(-10) m(2), occurs at approximately 3 m depth. The lowest permeability in the top 12 m of snow and firn, 10 x 10(-10) m(2), was measured in the surface wind pack. The measurements show that layering and microstructure have large effects on permeability. A mathematical expression for the overall variation of permeability with depth is presented. II is shown that snow density is a poor indicator of permeability. Quantitative microscopy may be helpful in relating observed snow characteristics to permeability, and useful in modeling firnification and chemical-species transport. C1 Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Albert, MR (reprint author), Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. OI Albert, Mary/0000-0001-7842-2359 NR 9 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 7 PU INT GLACIOLOGICAL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND CB2 1ER SN 0260-3055 BN 0-946417-26-1 J9 ANN GLACIOL PY 2000 VL 31 BP 353 EP 356 DI 10.3189/172756400781820273 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BR60H UT WOS:000166916600056 ER PT S AU Albert, MR Hawley, RL AF Albert, MR Hawley, RL BE Steffen, K TI Seasonal differences in surface energy exchange and accumulation at Summit, Greenland SO ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY, VOL 31, 2000 SE ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on the Verification of Cryospheric Models CY AUG 16-20, 1999 CL SWISS FED INST TECHNOL, ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SP Int Glaciol Soc, ETH, Univ Zurich, Schweizer Akad Nat Wissensch, Schweizer Stift Alphine Forsch HO SWISS FED INST TECHNOL AB The 1997-98 Summit (Greenland) winter-over experiment was conducted to investigate the seasonal changes that might affect snow-air transfer processes and snow chemistry for polar ice-core interpretation. This paper discusses meteorological measurements that were obtained during the experiment. We use the measurements in energy-balance modeling to investigate seasonal differences in the snow-air energy exchange, and to investigate the timing of snow accumulation. We found that the surface energy exchange has distinct seasonal differences. The winter (November-February) has both the coldest average temperatures of the year and the largest temperature variations. The winter also has both the largest peak wind speeds and the longest periods of sustained high winds, Most of the water-vapor transport across the snow-air interface occurs in the summer; indicating that summer may be the primary season for near-surface snow metamorphism. Snow-depth sounder results indicate that snowfall occurs throughout the year at Summit, and thus that the ice-core record may not be affected by large seasonal gaps in the precipitation if accumulation patterns have not changed. The changes in air temperature, wind speed and radiation cause clear seasonal differences in the surface energy balance and snow-surface characteristics that are likely to cause seasonal changes in air-snow transfer processes and snow chemistry as well. C1 Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Univ Washington, Geophys Program, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Albert, MR (reprint author), Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. OI Albert, Mary/0000-0001-7842-2359 NR 5 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU INT GLACIOLOGICAL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND CB2 1ER SN 0260-3055 BN 0-946417-26-1 J9 ANN GLACIOL PY 2000 VL 31 BP 387 EP 390 DI 10.3189/172756400781820129 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BR60H UT WOS:000166916600062 ER PT J AU Brengman, ML O'Donnell, SD Mullenix, P Goff, JM Gillespie, DL Rich, NM AF Brengman, ML O'Donnell, SD Mullenix, P Goff, JM Gillespie, DL Rich, NM TI The fate of a patent carotid artery contralateral to an occlusion SO ANNALS OF VASCULAR SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th Annual Meeting of the Peripheral-Vascular-Surgery-Society CY JUN 05-06, 1999 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Pheripheral Vascular Surg Soc ID NATURAL-HISTORY; STENOSIS; ENDARTERECTOMY; PROGNOSIS; DISEASE AB The finding of carotid stenosis contralateral to a carotid occlusion is becoming more frequent. While the neurologic outcomes in this patient population have been described, the rate of disease progression measured by duplex examination and the eventual need for carotid endarterectomy has not been described. In this study, a computerized database of carotid duplex examinations was reviewed and clinical data were obtained from clinic records. From 9124 studies 117 patients were identified. Thirty patients had previous carotid surgery on the patent side and were excluded. Of 87 patients 33 required carotid endarterectomy on the patent side. The rate of disease progression and/or the performance of a carotid endarterectomy by life-table analysis was 85.9% over 8 years. There were 10 neurologic events during the follow-up period. Patients with carotid stenosis and contralateral occlusion are at significant risk for disease progression. Follow-up should be more frequent and of longer duration in this patient population. A significant number of patients with carotid artery occlusion will require a carotid endarterectomy of the patent contralateral carotid. DOI: 10.1007/s100169910014. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Peripheral Vasc Surg Serv, Dept Surg, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP O'Donnell, SD (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Peripheral Vasc Surg Serv, Dept Surg, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0890-5096 J9 ANN VASC SURG JI Ann. Vasc. Surg. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 14 IS 1 BP 77 EP 81 DI 10.1007/s100169910014 PG 5 WC Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Surgery; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 271GF UT WOS:000084585300014 PM 10629269 ER PT B AU Severe, G Hsieh, AJ Koene, BE AF Severe, G Hsieh, AJ Koene, BE GP SPE SPE TI Effect of layered silicates on thermal characteristics of polycarbonate nanocomposites SO ANTEC 2000: SOCIETY OF PLASTICS ENGINEERS TECHNICAL PAPERS, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS I-III LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 58th Annual Technical Conference of the Society-of-Plastics-Engineers CY MAY 07-11, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Plast Engineers ID HYBRID AB Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Thermo-Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) were used to investigate the thermal properties of polycarbonate (PC)-layered silicate nanocomposites. The type of clays used in this study include phosphonium exchanged montmorillonites as well as synthetic clays which contained C-18-alkyl side chains with or without additional tethering amino- or epoxy-groups. Effects of clay contents on the glass transition temperature (T-g) and thermal stability of PC were determined. DSC results indicated that synthetic clays had little effect on the T-g of PC; however, a very slight decrease in T-g was noted in those nanocomposites filled with phosphonium exchanged montmorillonites compared to that of the pure PC. In addition to T-g, an endotherm at about 50 degreesC was also evident in DSC obtained for the synthetic clay filled nanocomposites. TGA results revealed that the presence of synthetic clays caused a significant reduction in the thermal stability of PC. Nanocomposites filled with 7.5 and 10 % of C-18-synthetic clay also exhibited a two-step thermal degradation. The second step occurred at a temperature slightly higher than the onset degradation temperature observed in pure PC. Phosphonium exchanged montmorillonites provided better thermal stability for PC than the synthetic clays; a slight increase in the onset temperature of thermal degradation over that of the pure PC was evidenced. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL WM MA, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Severe, G (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL WM MA, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TECHNOMIC PUBL CO INC PI LANCASTER PA 851 NEW HOLLAND AVE, BOX 3535, LANCASTER, PA 17604 USA BN 1-56676-855-1 PY 2000 BP 1523 EP 1526 PG 4 WC Engineering, Industrial; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA BS98Q UT WOS:000171593500284 ER PT B AU Bruno, FF Nagarajan, R Sidhartha, JS Yang, K Kumar, J Tripathy, S Samuelson, L AF Bruno, FF Nagarajan, R Sidhartha, JS Yang, K Kumar, J Tripathy, S Samuelson, L GP SPE SPE TI Enzymatic template synthesis of processable polyphenol SO ANTEC 2000: SOCIETY OF PLASTICS ENGINEERS TECHNICAL PAPERS, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS I-III LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 58th Annual Technical Conference of the Society-of-Plastics-Engineers CY MAY 07-11, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Plast Engineers DE enzyme; phenolic resins; lignin; polystyrene sulfonated ID POLYMERIZATION; PEROXIDASE; POLYMERS AB Phenolic polymers and phenol formaldehyde resins are of great interest for a number of electronic and industrial applications. Unfortunately, the toxic nature of the starting materials (formaldehyde) and extreme reaction conditions required for the synthesis of these polymers have severely limited their use in today's markets. We present here an alternative, biocatalytic approach where the enzyme horseradish peroxidase is used to polymerize phenol in the presence of an ionic template. Here the template serves as a surfactant that can both emulsify the phenol and polyphenol chains during polymerization and maintain water solubility of the final polyphenol/template complex. The reactants and conditions of this approach are mild and results in high molecular weight, electrically and optically active, water-soluble complexes of polyphenol and the template used. Polystyrene sulfonate, lignin sulfonate and dodecyl benzene sulfonate (micelles) were the templates investigated in this study. In each case, soluble polyphenol complexes, were formed with molecular weights ranging in the millions. Thermal analysis and UV-Vis spectroscopy shows that these complexes have exceptional thermal stability and a high degree of backbone conjugation. Conductivities on the order of 10(-5) S/cm and a x((3)) of 10(-12) esu are also observed. In the case of the SPS template under certain conditions, a sol gel complex may be formed. This enzymatic approach offers exciting opportunities in the synthesis and functionalization of a new class of processable polyphenolic materials. C1 USA, Mat Sci Team, Natick Soldier Ctr, Soldier Biol Chem Command, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Bruno, FF (reprint author), USA, Mat Sci Team, Natick Soldier Ctr, Soldier Biol Chem Command, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TECHNOMIC PUBL CO INC PI LANCASTER PA 851 NEW HOLLAND AVE, BOX 3535, LANCASTER, PA 17604 USA BN 1-56676-855-1 PY 2000 BP 2336 EP 2340 PG 5 WC Engineering, Industrial; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA BS98Q UT WOS:000171593500439 ER PT B AU Song, JW Amin, N Petrie, S AF Song, JW Amin, N Petrie, S GP SPE SPE TI Ballistic impact resistance of thermoplastic composites SO ANTEC 2000: SOCIETY OF PLASTICS ENGINEERS TECHNICAL PAPERS, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS I-III LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 58th Annual Technical Conference of the Society-of-Plastics-Engineers CY MAY 07-11, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Plast Engineers DE thermoplastic composite; polysulfone; Kevlar-KM2; ballistic impact energy; adhesion; stiffness AB Correlation between adhesive strength, stiffness, flexural properties and ballistic impact resistance of Kevlar-KM2 composites with polysulfone (PSU) resin matrix was studied through examining the failure of the composites on different processing conditions. Processing temperature greatly changed resin molecular conformation. Resin molecular conformation directly influenced composite flexural properties as well as ballistic impact energy absorption. Composites processed at 260 degreesC showed significantly higher ballistic impact resistance than composites processed at 350 degreesC. Significantly different failure mechanisms of these composites that are induced by different processing conditions are considered to be responsible for this result. The former exhibited mainly tension mode of failure whereas the later failed mainly shear cut. Fiber straining accompanied with delamination due to the tension mode of failure is preferred failure mechanism for better ballistic impact energy absorption. C1 USA, Natick Soldier Ctr, AMSSB, RIP,Soldier & Biol Chem Command, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Song, JW (reprint author), USA, Natick Soldier Ctr, AMSSB, RIP,Soldier & Biol Chem Command, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU TECHNOMIC PUBL CO INC PI LANCASTER PA 851 NEW HOLLAND AVE, BOX 3535, LANCASTER, PA 17604 USA BN 1-56676-855-1 PY 2000 BP 2391 EP 2395 PG 5 WC Engineering, Industrial; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA BS98Q UT WOS:000171593500450 ER PT B AU Sloan, JM AF Sloan, JM GP SPE SPE TI Spectroscopic studies of ion implanted polycarbonate SO ANTEC 2000: SOCIETY OF PLASTICS ENGINEERS TECHNICAL PAPERS, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS I-III LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 58th Annual Technical Conference of the Society-of-Plastics-Engineers CY MAY 07-11, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Plast Engineers DE FT-IR spectroscopy; polycarbonate; UV/VIS spectroscopy; ion implantation AB Ion implantation is a process by which ions are accelerated and focused at a rapid speed to a target at energies high enough to bury them just below the target's surface. These ions penetrate the sample surface and form a thin layer below the surface. Until recently this technique was mainly utilized for modification of semiconductors (1) or to improve wear characteristics in metal tooling and polymers (2,3). Now the use of ion implantation has been extended to polymers. Improvements in adhesion (4), electrical (5) and abrasion (6) have been reported. The resulting chemical effect of ion implantation in polymer systems is to increase chain scission and cross-linking., while decreasing crystallinity(7). In this study, the effects of medium energy ion implantation of boron, nitrogen and fluorine into a polycarbonate matrix was examined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and UV/VIS spectroscopy. The implanted polycarbonate linkage degrades upon implantation. Further implantation leads to carbonization just below the surface of the specimens. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Sloan, JM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TECHNOMIC PUBL CO INC PI LANCASTER PA 851 NEW HOLLAND AVE, BOX 3535, LANCASTER, PA 17604 USA BN 1-56676-855-1 PY 2000 BP 3755 EP 3757 PG 3 WC Engineering, Industrial; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA BS98Q UT WOS:000171593500729 ER PT B AU Wheeler, JQ Lipkin, J AF Wheeler, JQ Lipkin, J BE Machacek, O TI Joint demilitarization integration SO APPLICATION OF DEMILITARIZED GUN AND ROCKET PROPELLANTS IN COMMERCIAL EXPLOSIVES SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, SERIES II: MATHEMATICS, PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Application of Demilitarized Gun and Rocket Propellants in Commercial Explosives CY OCT 18-21, 1999 CL KRASNOARMEISK, RUSSIA SP NATO Sci Advisory Comm C1 USA, Def Ammunit Ctr, McAlester, OK 74501 USA. RP Wheeler, JQ (reprint author), USA, Def Ammunit Ctr, McAlester, OK 74501 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-6697-2 J9 NATO SCI SER II MATH PY 2000 VL 3 BP 73 EP 77 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Industrial SC Chemistry; Engineering GA BR92Y UT WOS:000168052400010 ER PT S AU Blair, JRS Wagner, TD Nash, DA Ressler, EK Shoop, BL Talty, TJ AF Blair, JRS Wagner, TD Nash, DA Ressler, EK Shoop, BL Talty, TJ BE Priddy, KL Keller, PE Fogel, DB TI Partitioning schemes for use in a neural network for digital image halftoning SO APPLICATIONS AND SCIENCE OF COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Conference on Applications and Science of Computational Intelligence CY APR 24-27, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE halftoning; error diffusion; neural networks; tiling; partitioning ID DIFFUSION AB In this research, we investigate partitioning schemes for reducing the computational complexity of an error diffusion neural network (EDN) for the application of digital halftoning. We show that by partitioning the original image into k subimages, the time required to perform the halftoning using an EDN is reduced by as much as a factor of k. Motivated by this potential speedup, we introduce three approaches to partitioning with varying degrees of overlap and communication between the partitions. We quantitatively and qualitatively demonstrate that the CONSTRAINED FRAMING approach produces halftoned images whose quality is as good as the quality of halftoned images produced by the EDN without partitioning. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Engn, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Blair, JRS (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Engn, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3681-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4055 BP 36 EP 48 DI 10.1117/12.380594 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BQ19C UT WOS:000087421200005 ER PT S AU Hillis, DB Sadler, BM Swami, A AF Hillis, DB Sadler, BM Swami, A BE Priddy, KL Keller, PE Fogel, DB TI Independent component analysis using a genetic algorithm SO APPLICATIONS AND SCIENCE OF COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Conference on Applications and Science of Computational Intelligence CY APR 24-27, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE genetic algorithm; higher order statistics; independent component analysis; blind source separation AB The independent component analysis (ICA) problem involves finding a set of statistically independent signals from a set of measurements consisting of unknown, perhaps convolutive mixtures of those signals. This problem arises in many applications such as speech processing, communications, and biomedical signal, processing. We present a method to blindly separate instantaneous mixtures of non-Gaussian signals using a genetic algorithm (GA) and higher order statistics. The GA searches for a separating matrix such that the resulting output signals are both statistically independent and strongly non-Gaussian as measured by the kurtosis. The GA uses a binary representation together with a coarse-to-fine strategy to speed convergence and avoid stuck bits. Using data from a simulated narrow band communications scenario, we examine the algorithm's performance as signal length and sensor noise level are varied. We compare this performance with that obtained using the ACI algorithm developed by Comon.(2) We show that the GA is able to achieve good separation of dense signal constellations, and achieves better separation with lower mean-square estimation error than the ACI, albeit with much higher algorithmic complexity. The improvement in performance may be dramatic when the signal length is short. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Hillis, DB (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM hillis@arl.mil; bsadler@arl.mil; aswami@arl.mil NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3681-X J9 PROC SPIE PY 2000 VL 4055 BP 208 EP 218 DI 10.1117/12.380574 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BQ19C UT WOS:000087421200022 ER PT S AU Chan, LA Der, SZ Nasrabadi, NM AF Chan, LA Der, SZ Nasrabadi, NM BE Nasrabadi, NM Katsaggelos, AK TI Neural network based transformation for joint compression and discrimination SO APPLICATIONS OF ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS IN IMAGE PROCESSING V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Applications of Artificial Neural Networks in Image Processing V CY JAN 27-28, 2000 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, SPIE DE neural network; multilayer perceptron; principal component analysis; eigentargets; generalized Hebbian algorithm; Sanger's rule; automatic target detection; FLIR imagery AB Due to the proliferation of sensor-platform combinations that are capable of wide area searches, automated target detection has become increasingly important. Most learning-algorithm-based target detectors perform dimensionality reduction before actual training, because the high dimensionality of imagery requires enormous training sets to achieve satisfactory performance. One potential problem with this approach is that most dimensionality reduction techniques, such as principal component analysis (PCA), seek to maximize the representation of data variation into each component in turn, without considering interclass discriminability. We present a neural-network-based transformation that provides dimensionality reduction and a high degree of discriminability. Our approach achieves simultaneous data compression and target discriminability by adjusting the pretrained base components to maximize separability between classes. This will allow classifiers to operate at a higher level of efficiency and generalization capability on the low-dimensionality data that contain highly discriminative information as well. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Chan, LA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3580-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 3962 BP 72 EP 82 DI 10.1117/12.382924 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BQ23B UT WOS:000087646500008 ER PT S AU Simental, E Guthrie, V AF Simental, E Guthrie, V BE Tescher, AG TI Preliminary results of IFSAR/LIDAR analysis in the Lakewood, California area SO APPLICATIONS OF DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING XXIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Applications of Digital Image Processing XXIII CY JUL 31-AUG 03, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE IFSAR; LIDAR elevation; mapping; data fusion AB Remotely sensed imagery can be used to assess the results of natural disasters such as floods. The imagery can be used to predict the extent of a flood, to develop methods to control a flood, and to assess the damage caused by a flood. This paper addresses the information derived from two different sources: Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (IFSAR) and Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR). The study will show how the information differs and how this information can be fused to better analyze flood problems. LIDAR and IFSAR data were collected over the same Lakewood area of Los Angeles, California as part of a Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)-sponsored data collection. Lakewood is located in a floodplain and is of interest for updating the maps of floodplains. IFSAR is an active sensor and can penetrate through clouds and provides three separate digital files for analysis: magnitude, elevation, and correlation files. LIDAR provides elevation and magnitude files. However, for this study only the elevation values were provided. The LIDAR elevation data is more accurate and more densely sampled than the IFSAR data. In this study, the above information is used to produce charts with information relevant to floodplain mapping. To produce relevant information, the data had to be adjusted due to different coordinate systems, different sampling rates, vertical and horizontal post spacing differences, and orientation differences between the IFSAR and LIDAR data sets. This paper will describe the methods and procedures to transform the data sets to a common reference. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Topog Engn Ctr, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. RP Simental, E (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Topog Engn Ctr, 7701 Telegraph Rd, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3760-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4115 BP 601 EP 611 DI 10.1117/12.411581 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BR89E UT WOS:000167921100060 ER PT J AU Davila, CG Chen, TK AF Davila, CG Chen, TK TI Advanced modeling strategies for the analysis of tile-reinforced composite armor SO APPLIED COMPOSITE MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE composite armor; tile-reinforced sandwich structure; finite element analysis; element layering; superelements AB A detailed investigation of the deformation mechanisms in tile-reinforced armored components was conducted to develop the most efficient modeling strategies for the structural analysis of large components of the Composite Armored Vehicle. The limitations of conventional finite elements with respect to the analysis of tile-reinforced structures were examined, and two complementary optimal modeling strategies were developed. These strategies are element layering and the use of a tile-adhesive superelement. Element layering is a technique that uses stacks of shear deformable shell elements to obtain the proper transverse shear distributions through the thickness of the laminate. The tile-adhesive superelement consists of a statically condensed substructure model designed to take advantage of periodicity in tile placement patterns to eliminate numerical redundancies in the analysis. Both approaches can be used simultaneously to create unusually efficient models that accurately predict the global response by incorporating the correct local deformation mechanisms. C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Vehicle Technol Ctr, Army Res Lab, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RI Davila, Carlos/D-8559-2011 NR 11 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-189X J9 APPL COMPOS MATER JI Appl. Compos. Mater. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 7 IS 1 BP 51 EP 68 DI 10.1023/A:1008923521077 PG 18 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 275BC UT WOS:000084798700004 ER PT S AU Gupta, N Dahmani, R Bennett, K Simizu, S Suhre, DR Singh, NB AF Gupta, N Dahmani, R Bennett, K Simizu, S Suhre, DR Singh, NB BE Roper, WE Hamilton, MK TI Progress in AOTF hyperspectral imagers SO AUTOMATED GEO-SPATIAL IMAGE AND DATA EXPLOITATION SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Automated Geo-Spatial Image and Data Exploitation CY APR 24, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE imaging; visible; infrared; acousto-optic tunable filter; tellurium dioxide; TeO2; thallium arsenic selenide (TAS); CCD; InGaAs; InSb; HgCdTe; focal plane arrays; FPA ID ACOUSTOOPTIC TUNABLE FILTERS AB Acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF) based imagers hold great promise for the emergence of the next generation of compact, lightweight, low-cost, programmable hyperspectral imaging systems that can solve the problem of data bottleneck as well as provide polarization signatures for better target detection and identification. At the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL), we have been developing such imagers that can operate from the visible to the long infrared wavelengths. Some of these imagers have been used in the laboratory and in the field for the collection of hyperspectral images. During the past year, we have worked on the design of higher sensitivity more compact visible and infrared imagers. We have designed imagers with tellurium dioxide (TeO2) AOTF cells up to 4.5 mu m and with a thallium arsenic selenide (Tl3AsSe3, TAS) AOTF cell up to 11.5 mu m. These imagers use focal plane arrays (FPAs)-Si CCD, InGaAs, InSb, and HgCdTe-.as needed for the spectral region of interest. In this paper, we will describe the latest advances in our AOTF imager research and present the results obtained from these imagers. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Gupta, Neelam/B-8702-2013 NR 25 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3680-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2000 VL 4054 BP 30 EP 38 DI 10.1117/12.394104 PG 9 WC Geography, Physical; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BQ79E UT WOS:000089527400004 ER PT S AU Weber, BA Penn, JA AF Weber, BA Penn, JA BE Sadjadi, FA TI Modeling synthetic infrared data for classifier development SO AUTOMATIC TARGET RECOGNITION X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Conference on Automatic Target Recognition CY APR 26-28, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE target recognition; ATR; synthetic imagery; infrared modeling AB In an effort to improve the usefulness of computer classifiers for military applications, the U.S. Army Research Laboratory has begun to develop a database of synthetic infrared target chips. Once created, this database will aid in the training and testing of both human and computer classifiers, and will provide a way to train classifiers on targets and clutter environments with little real data available. Results presented below will show that classifier performance trained on synthetic data is improving but is, in general, poorer than when trained on real data, that individual synthetic target models perform much better than other models, providing evidence that better overall performance may yet be achievable, that synthetic data thus far created is highly self-similar and/or to some unknown extent represents real data not included in our database, and that enhanced performance of classifiers trained on small amounts of real data can be achieved by adding limited amounts of synthetic data. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, SE SE, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Weber, BA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, SE SE, 2800 Powdermill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3676-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4050 BP 12 EP 20 DI 10.1117/12.395562 PG 9 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA BR61P UT WOS:000166958300002 ER PT S AU Richard, S Sims, F AF Richard, S Sims, F BE Sadjadi, FA TI Putting ATR performance on an equal basis - The measurement of knowledge base distortion and relevant clutter SO AUTOMATIC TARGET RECOGNITION X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Conference on Automatic Target Recognition CY APR 26-28, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE signal to clutter; signature distortion; ATR performance; independent objective comparative evaluation ID SIGNAL AB Many different automatic target recognition (ATR) approaches have had their performance quantified for over twenty years typically by plotting a receiver operating curve (ROC) of probability of detection and/or recognition versus some measure of false alarm or false alarm rate. These ROCs have been generated on static sets of test and training data. This data, in some cases, has had significantly varying levels of difficulty, however, the quantification of the data set difficultly has typically only been coarsely partitioned based on the time of day, the target operational state, the meteorological environment, and sometimes the terrain or location. In addition, there has been no generally useful comparative measure of the target signature knowledge base provided for ATR system "training" versus the signatures of the same targets in the data used for test. In this paper, we illustrate the quantification of two "information content" data metrics with an associated ATR performance. The first metric is a signal to clutter measure (SC), and the second is a knowledge base signature distortion measure (KBSD) of the "closest" target training signature versus the target test signature. These metrics provide a new basis for truly objective ATR performance comparison. C1 USA, Aviat & Missile Command, Aviat & Missile Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Richard, S (reprint author), USA, Aviat & Missile Command, Aviat & Missile Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 3 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3676-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4050 BP 55 EP 60 PG 6 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA BR61P UT WOS:000166958300007 ER PT S AU Chan, LA Der, SZ Nasrabadi, NM AF Chan, LA Der, SZ Nasrabadi, NM BE Sadjadi, FA TI Application of dualband infrared imagery in automatic target detection SO AUTOMATIC TARGET RECOGNITION X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Conference on Automatic Target Recognition CY APR 26-28, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE multispectral; target detection; eigen targets; multilayer perceptron; automatic target recognition; FLIR imagery AB Target detection and recognition are two important modules in a typical automatic target recognition (ATR) system. Usually, an automatic target detector produces many false alarms that could incur very poor recognition performance in the subsequent target recognizer. Therefore, we need a good clutter rejector to remove as many clutters as possible from the outputs of the detector, before feeding the most likely target detections to the recognizer. We investigate the benefits of using dualband forward-looking infrared (FLIR) images to improve the performance of a eigen-neural based clutter rejector. With individual or combined bands as input, we use either principal component analysis (PCA) or the eigenspace separation transform (EST) to perform feature extraction and dimensionality reduction. The transformed data is then fed to an MLP that predicts the identity of the input, which is either a target or clutter. We devise an MLP training algorithm that seeks to maximize the class separation at a given false-alarm rate, which does not necessarily minimize the average deviation of the MLP outputs from their target values. Experimental results are presented on a dataset of real dualband images. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Nasrabadi, NM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3676-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4050 BP 282 EP 293 DI 10.1117/12.395575 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA BR61P UT WOS:000166958300031 ER PT B AU Su, L Nolan, M Holcomb, C AF Su, L Nolan, M Holcomb, C GP IEEE IEEE TI Enhancement of system test & evaluation from birth to battlefield through technology integration with maintenance test and training SO AUTOTESTCON 2000: IEEE SYSTEMS READINESS TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Systems Readiness Technology Conference on Future Sustainment for Military and Aerospace CY SEP 18-21, 2000 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE AB The premise of this paper is that there is a great need of integrating the activities associated with operational test and evaluation, maintenance testing and training to enhance the affects of these activities and reduce the costs associated with them. Currently, very little interaction exists between program activities associated with operational test and evaluation, maintenance testing, and training. Yet the data and technologies used to support these disciplines and the individual efforts associated with these disciplines contains significant overlap. If is expected that significant program activities improvements and cost savings could be made by leveraging technologies and program activities into an integrated, cohesive set of activities. This paper, however, does not address the management or bureaucratic issues associated with such a concept, but rather the technology and information/data that could be formally integrated in order to gain significant cost and schedule savings, while resulting in a better product to the soldier/user in the field. This paper addresses four specific areas of overlap where significant opportunities lie: (I). Design for testing and diagnostics/prognostics; (2). Maintainability considerations; (3). Applications of maintenance tests to system test and evaluation; and, (4). System Battle Damage Assessment and repair training. C1 USA, Aviat & Missile Command, Adv Technol Off, TMDE Activ, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Su, L (reprint author), USA, Aviat & Missile Command, Adv Technol Off, TMDE Activ, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-5868-6 PY 2000 BP 9 EP 13 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BQ97U UT WOS:000165216600002 ER PT B AU Su, LP Nolan, M deMare, G Norman, B AF Su, LP Nolan, M deMare, G Norman, B GP IEEE IEEE TI Prognostics framework-UPDATE II SO AUTOTESTCON 2000: IEEE SYSTEMS READINESS TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Systems Readiness Technology Conference on Future Sustainment for Military and Aerospace CY SEP 18-21, 2000 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP IEEE AB The U.S. Army Logistics Integration Agency has funded (1998-2000) the Advanced Technology Office (ATO) the U.S. Army Test, Measurement, Diagnostic Equipment Activity (USATA) the U.S. Army AMCOM, to develop a "Prognostics Framework". This is a generic software tool set with an open architecture capability to integrate various prognostic mechanisms, and to provide operational and logistic decision-making information. The Prognostics Framework is a horizontal technology and is user-tailorable to apply to any new or existing system. The overall approach will save time and money and is the fastest way for individual projects to converge on prognostics capabilities through manageable information for the system operators, the maintenance crew, and logistics planners. The Prognostic Framework, a system-level prognostic manager, ties-in to logistics infrastructure (e.g.: IETM, logistics planning, mission planning statistical tools, spare parts provisioning). Prognostics Framework is integrated with embedded diagnostics to provide a total "Health Management" capability. This paper defines the Prognostics Framework architecture, design approach, and interface capabilities. C1 USA, Test Measurement Diagnost Equipment Act, Aviat & Missile Command, Adv Technol Off, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Su, LP (reprint author), USA, Test Measurement Diagnost Equipment Act, Aviat & Missile Command, Adv Technol Off, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-5868-6 PY 2000 BP 497 EP 504 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BQ97U UT WOS:000165216600067 ER PT J AU Caldwell, JA Smythe, NK Leduc, PA Caldwell, JL AF Caldwell, JA Smythe, NK Leduc, PA Caldwell, JL TI Efficacy of Dexedrine (R) for maintaining aviator performance during 64 hours of sustained wakefulness: A simulator study SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE aviators; helicopter pilots; amphetamine; sleep deprivation; sustained operations ID SLEEP-DEPRIVATION; COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE; D-AMPHETAMINE; MODAFINIL; PLACEBO; MOOD AB Introduction: The efficacy of Dexedrine(R) for sustaining aviator performance despite 64 h of extended wakefulness was investigated. This study was conducted to extend the findings of earlier research that had proven the efficacy of Dexedrine during shorter periods (i.e., 40 h) of sleep deprivation. Methods: Dexedrine (10 mg) or placebo was given at midnight, 0400, and 0800 hours on two deprivation days in each of two 64-h cycles of continuous wakefulness. Test sessions consisting of simulator flights, electroencephalographic evaluations, mood questionnaires, and cognitive tasks were conducted at 0100, 0500, 0900, 1300, and 1700 hours on both deprivation days. Two nights of recovery sleep separated the first and second 64-h sleep-deprivation cycles. Results: Simulator flight performance was maintained by Dexedrine throughout sleep deprivation. The most benefit occurred at 0500 and 0900 hours (around the circadian trough) on the first deprivation day, but continued throughout 1700 hours (after 58 h awake) on the second day. Dexedrine suppressed slow-wave EEG activity which occurred under placebo after 23 h awake and continued to exert this effect throughout 55 h (and sometimes 59 h) of deprivation. The drug sustained self-perceptions of vigor while reducing fatigue and confusion. Recovery sleep was slightly less restful under Dexedrine. Conclusions: Dexedrine sustained aviator performance and alertness during periods of extended wakefulness, but its use should be well controlled. Although effective, Dexedrine is no replacement for adequate crew rest management or restful sleep. C1 USA, Aeromed Res Lab, Aircrew Hlth & Performance Div, Ft Rucker, AL 36362 USA. RP Caldwell, JA (reprint author), USA, Aeromed Res Lab, Aircrew Hlth & Performance Div, POB 620577, Ft Rucker, AL 36362 USA. NR 27 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 2 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 71 IS 1 BP 7 EP 18 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 269GA UT WOS:000084467300003 PM 10632125 ER PT J AU Convertino, VA Reister, CA AF Convertino, VA Reister, CA TI Effect of G-suit protection on carotid-cardiac baroreflex function SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE autonomic function; G-suits; LBNP; orthostatism ID ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION; REFLEX RESPONSES; EXERCISE; HUMANS; PRESSURE; FLOW AB Introduction: To test the hypothesis that C-suit inflation could increase cardiac chronotropic responses to baroreceptor stimulation and enhance baroreflex buffering of BP, the carotid-cardiac baroreflex response of 12 subjects was measured across two levels of lower body negative pressure (LBNP = 0 and 50 mmHg) and two levels of G-suit inflation (0 and 50 mmHg) in random order. Methods: Carotid-cardiac baroreflex stimulation was delivered via a silastic neck pressure cuff and responsiveness quantified by determination of the maximum slope of the stimulus-response function between R-R intervals (ms) and their respective carotid distending pressures (mmHg). Results: Mean +/- SE baseline control baroreflex responsiveness was 3.8 +/- 0.4 ms.mmHg(-1). LBNP reduced the baroreflex response to 2.7 +/- 0.4 ms.mmHg(-1), but G-suit inflation with LBNP restored the baroreflex response to 4.3 +/- 0.6 ms.mmHg(-1). Conclusions: These results suggest that, in addition to increased Venous return and elevated peripheral resistance, G-suit inflation may provide protection against the debilitating effects of blood distribution to the lower extremities during orthostatic challenges such as standing or high +Gz acceleration by increasing cardiovascular responsiveness to carotid baroreceptor stimulation. C1 USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Rothe Dev Inc, Brooks AFB, TX USA. RP Convertino, VA (reprint author), USA, Inst Surg Res, 3400 Rawley E Chambers Ave,Bldg 3611, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 29 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 71 IS 1 BP 31 EP 36 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 269GA UT WOS:000084467300006 PM 10632128 ER PT J AU Cline, AD Tharion, WJ Tulley, RT Hotson, N Lieberman, HR AF Cline, AD Tharion, WJ Tulley, RT Hotson, N Lieberman, HR TI Influence of a carbohydrate drink on nutritional status, body composition and mood during desert training SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE carbohydrate solution; nutrient intake; military training ID PERFORMANCE AB Background: Nutritional intake by military personnel is typically inadequate during field exercises, potentially compromising health and performance. Hypothesis: Drinking a supplemental carbohydrate (CHO) beverage will increase total caloric intake and maintain nutritional status during military training in the desert. Methods: A total of 63 volunteers were randomly assigned to one of two groups to receive either a CHO or placebo beverage with military rations during an 11-d desert field exercise. Fluid intake was ad libitum and adequate rations were provided. Blood samples were collected twice to assess nutritional status, and nutrient intake was determined with consumption data. Mood state was examined by questionnaire. Results: Energy intake was significantly higher in the CHO group (3050 kcal.d(-1) vs. 2631 kcal.d(-1)), with additional CHO from the beverage providing energy with some compensation by reduced fat and protein intake. Intakes of energy, folacin, calcium, magnesium, iron, and zinc in both groups were inadequate, with intakes significantly lower (p < 0.05) for calcium, magnesium, and zinc in the CHO beverage group. Blood parameters of nutritional status remained within normal ranges with no differences between groups, but significant decreases were seen in pre-albumin. No changes in mood were seen during the training, nor after exposure to desert conditions. Conclusions: The operational ration supplemented with a CHO beverage significantly increases CHO and energy intakes compared with standard rations and maintains nutritional status for short exercises. Fortification with micronutrients most at risk for deficient intake from foods may be needed for longer deployments. C1 USA, RIEM, Mil Nutr & Biochem Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Geocenters Inc, Natick, MA USA. Pennington Biomed Res Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA 70808 USA. RP Lieberman, HR (reprint author), USA, RIEM, Mil Nutr & Biochem Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 25 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 71 IS 1 BP 37 EP 44 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 269GA UT WOS:000084467300007 PM 10632129 ER PT J AU Stocking, AJ Deeb, RA Flores, AE Stringfellow, W Talley, J Brownell, R Kavanaugh, MC AF Stocking, AJ Deeb, RA Flores, AE Stringfellow, W Talley, J Brownell, R Kavanaugh, MC TI Bioremediation of MTBE: a review from a practical perspective SO BIODEGRADATION LA English DT Article DE aerobic degradation; bioaugmentation; bioreactors; bioremediation; MTBE; natural attenuation ID TERT-BUTYL ETHER; ANAEROBIC BIODEGRADATION; BIOTRICKLING FILTERS; METHYL; CULTURE; AQUIFER; GROUNDWATER; PERFORMANCE; LIMITATIONS; METABOLISM AB The addition of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) to gasoline has resulted in public uncertainty regarding the continued reliance on biological processes for gasoline remediation. Despite this concern, researchers have shown that MTBE can be effectively degraded in the laboratory under aerobic conditions using pure and mixed cultures with half-lives ranging from 0.04 to 29 days. Ex-situ aerobic fixed-film and aerobic suspended growth bioreactor studies have demonstrated decreases in MTBE concentrations of 83% and 96% with hydraulic residence times of 0.3 hrs and 3 days, respectively. In microcosm and field studies, aerobic biodegradation half-lives range from 2 to 693 days. These half-lives have been shown to decrease with increasing dissolved oxygen concentrations and, in some cases, with the addition of exogenous MTBE-degraders. MTBE concentrations have also been observed to decrease under anaerobic conditions; however, these rates are not as well defined. Several detailed field case studies describing the use of ex-situ reactors, natural attenuation, and bioaugmentation are presented in this paper and demonstrate the potential for successful remediation of MTBE-contaminated aquifers. In conclusion, a substantial amount of literature is available which demonstrates that the in-situ biodegradation of MTBE is contingent on achieving aerobic conditions in the contaminated aquifer. C1 Malcolm Pirnie Inc, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Environm Lab, ERDC, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Malcolm Pirnie Inc, White Plains, NY 10602 USA. RP Kavanaugh, MC (reprint author), Malcolm Pirnie Inc, 180 Grand Ave,Suite 1000, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. EM mkavanaugh@pirnie.com RI Stringfellow, William/O-4389-2015 OI Stringfellow, William/0000-0003-3189-5604 NR 69 TC 47 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0923-9820 J9 BIODEGRADATION JI Biodegradation PY 2000 VL 11 IS 2-3 BP 187 EP 201 DI 10.1023/A:1011126414642 PG 15 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 429RK UT WOS:000168530600009 PM 11440244 ER PT J AU Kirzner, RP Engelman, RW Mizutani, H Specter, S Good, RA AF Kirzner, RP Engelman, RW Mizutani, H Specter, S Good, RA TI Prevention of coronary vascular disease by transplantation of T-cell-depleted bone marrow and hematopoietic stem cell preparation in autoimmune-prone W/BF1 mice SO BIOLOGY OF BLOOD AND MARROW TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Article DE bone marrow transplantation; autoimmune; coronary vascular disease ID SYSTEMIC LUPUS-ERYTHEMATOSUS; IDIOPATHIC THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA; CLONABLE LYMPHOCYTES-B; X BXSB)F1 HYBRID; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; MYELOID PROGENITORS; LYMPHOID-CELLS; ARTERY DISEASE; NZB; ABNORMALITIES AB This project was designed to investigate the application of bone marrow transplantation to a progressive and ultimately fatal systemic autoimmune disease. Male (NZW x BXSB)F-1 (W/BF1) mice develop acute systemic autoimmune disease characterized by degenerative coronary vascular disease (CVD) with myocardial infarctions, hypertension, thrombocytopenia, glomerulonephritis, and persistently elevated levels of circulating immune complexes. After preliminary studies established the onset of disease between 10 and 12 weeks of age, 6- to 8-week-old male W/BF1 mice were targeted for transplantation with either T-cell-depleted bone marrow or purified hematopoietic stem cells from haploidentical B6C3/F-1 mice. Posttransplantation flow cytometric analysis of splenocytes demonstrated donor phenotypes in W/BF1 recipient mice that had received T-cell-depleted marrow or hematopoietic stem cell preparations (lineage negative, CD71 negative) from B6C3/F-1 donors. Survival of W/BF1 mice transplanted with bone marrow from normal B6C3/F-1 donors was very high, and assessment at 100 days after transplantation revealed reduction in onset and severity of disease. Autoantibodies to cardiolipin and double-stranded DNA were markedly reduced to levels present in normal mice. Immunohistochemistry of heart and kidney tissue revealed significant amelioration of degenerative CVD and glomerulonephritis in the majority of W/BF1 recipients of marrow transplants from B6C3/F-1 donors. All engrafted W/BF1 mice displayed normal immunologic competence 100 days posttransplantation. C1 Univ S Florida, All Childrens Hosp, Dept Med Microbiol & Immunol, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. Univ S Florida, All Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. Osaka Univ, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med 1, Suita, Osaka 565, Japan. RP Kirzner, RP (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [R37 AGO5628-11] NR 29 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU CARDEN JENNINGS PUBL CO LTD PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA BLAKE CTR, STE 200, 1224 W MAIN ST, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903 USA SN 1083-8791 J9 BIOL BLOOD MARROW TR JI Biol. Blood Marrow Transplant. PY 2000 VL 6 IS 5 BP 513 EP 522 DI 10.1016/S1083-8791(00)70022-X PG 10 WC Hematology; Immunology; Transplantation SC Hematology; Immunology; Transplantation GA 367EX UT WOS:000090049700005 PM 11063380 ER PT J AU Bobiak, JP Walters, KA Mudd, CP MacDonald, VW Hess, JR Berger, RL AF Bobiak, JP Walters, KA Mudd, CP MacDonald, VW Hess, JR Berger, RL TI Determining the precision of a titrating differential microcalorimeter SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 78 IS 1 MA 2235Pos BP 379A EP 379A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 274RR UT WOS:000084779302214 ER PT J AU Walters, KA Bobiak, JP MacDonald, VW Hess, JR Berger, RL AF Walters, KA Bobiak, JP MacDonald, VW Hess, JR Berger, RL TI Using a titrating micro calorimeter to measure the heat SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD 20310 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 78 IS 1 MA 2236Pos BP 379A EP 379A PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 274RR UT WOS:000084779302212 ER PT J AU Emanuel, PA Dang, J Gebhardt, JS Aldrich, J Garber, EAE Kulaga, H Stopa, P Valdes, JJ Dion-Schultz, A AF Emanuel, PA Dang, J Gebhardt, JS Aldrich, J Garber, EAE Kulaga, H Stopa, P Valdes, JJ Dion-Schultz, A TI Recombinant antibodies: a new reagent for biological agent detection SO BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE recombinant antibodies; epitopes; antigen ID SCAN FLOW-CYTOMETRY; FILAMENTOUS PHAGE; PULSE-SHAPE; DISPLAY; CHROMOSOMES; PROTEINS; CLONING AB Antibodies are critical reagents used in several biodetection platforms for the identification of biological agents. Recent advances in phage display technology allow isolation of high affinity recombinant antibody fragments (Fabs) that may bind unique epitopes of biological threat agents. The versatility of the selection process lends itself to efficient screening methodologies and can increase the number of antigen binding clones that can be isolated. Pilot scale biomanufacturing can then be used for the economical production of these immunoglobulin reagents in bacterial fermentation systems, and expression vectors with hexahistidine tags can be used to simplify downstream purification. One such Fab reagent directed against botulinum neurotoxin A/B has been shown to be sensitive in a variety of assay formats including surface plasmon resonance (SPR), flow cytometry, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and hand-held immunochromatographic assay. Recombinant antibodies can provide another source of high quality detection reagents in our arsenal to identify or detect pathogens in environmental samples. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Res & Technol Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Geoctr Inc, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Biol Def Res Directorate, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. ARS, USDA, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Sci & Technol Corp, Edgewood, MD 21040 USA. RP Emanuel, PA (reprint author), USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Res & Technol Directorate, 5183 Blackhawk Rd,AMSSB-RRT-BM Proc Engn Bldg, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 18 TC 56 Z9 60 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-5663 J9 BIOSENS BIOELECTRON JI Biosens. Bioelectron. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 14 IS 10-11 BP 751 EP 759 DI 10.1016/S0956-5663(99)00058-5 PG 9 WC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 280YG UT WOS:000085130900002 PM 10945449 ER PT B AU Chin, W Shuford, R Tewarson, A AF Chin, W Shuford, R Tewarson, A BE Loud, S Karbhari, V Adams, DO Strong, AB TI Characterization of the flammability of polymers by high energy flux (HEF) calorimeter SO BRIDGING THE CENTURIES WITH SAMPE'S MATERIALS AND PROCESSES TECHNOLOGY, VOL 45, BOOKS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 45th International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition on Bridging the Centuries with SAMPEs Materials and Processes Technology CY MAY 21-25, 2000 CL LONG BEACH, CA SP Soc Advancement Mat & Proc Engn DE high energy flux calorimeter; flammability; ignition AB A High Energy Flux (HEF) Calorimeter has been designed to evaluate the flammability of polymers under conditions typical of combat field scenarios and large-scale fires. For the evaluations, polymers are exposed to external heat flux values in the range of 0 to 150 kW/m(2) in co-flowing air with oxygen concentration in the range of 0 to 100 %. The flammability evaluations consist of testing for resistance to ignition, combusiton, fire propagation, and release of heat and products. This paper describes the HEF Calorimeter and test procedures with examples of data for ignition and mass loss rate. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Chin, W (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC ADVANCEMENT MATERIAL & PROCESS ENGINEERING PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DR,, COVINA, CA 91724-3748 USA BN 0-938994-86-7 PY 2000 BP 1183 EP 1190 PG 4 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BQ88N UT WOS:000089937600107 ER PT B AU Sands, JM McKnight, SH Fink, BK AF Sands, JM McKnight, SH Fink, BK BE Loud, S Karbhari, V Adams, DO Strong, AB TI Interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) adhesives for electron ream cure SO BRIDGING THE CENTURIES WITH SAMPE'S MATERIALS AND PROCESSES TECHNOLOGY, VOL 45, BOOKS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 45th International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition on Bridging the Centuries with SAMPEs Materials and Processes Technology CY MAY 21-25, 2000 CL LONG BEACH, CA SP Soc Advancement Mat & Proc Engn DE adhesives; epoxy resin; e-beam curing; network polymers ID CATIONIC POLYMERIZATION; EPOXY-RESINS AB Despite a number of processing advantages from electron beam (e-beam) curing, e-beam adhesives have historically performed poorly compared to room temperature and autoclave cured materials. This performance has been traced to a lack of toughness in the e-beam-cured materials. In this work, we present toughened materials developed for e-beam curable adhesive pastes and films and bonding results for composite and aluminum adherends. These toughened adhesives demonstrate exceptional performance in terms of lap-shear strength. Synthesis of sequential- and simultaneous- interpenetrating polymer networks (seq-IPN and SIN) designed for radiative cure is described. Seq-IPNs were formulated as adhesive pastes and resulted in excellent adhesive performance (lap shear strength up to 41 MPa) with glass transition temperatures (T-g) of 100-120 degreesC. The sequential polymerization proceeds by first thermally curing the adhesive to green-strength. The cure kinetics for this C-staged seq-IPNs has been investigated as a function of temperature and cure acceleration. SIN materials are being investigated to develop durable e-beam curable film adhesives. The primary advantage of SIN film adhesives, compared to cationic e-beam systems, is insensitivity to surface contaminants, e.g., amine and water, which are known to hinder cure in cationic e-beam polymerization. Preliminary results have shown that the SM e-beam adhesives have excellent properties. Lap-shear strengths exceeding 27.5 MPa with adhesive T-g approaching 150 degreesC have been demonstrated on primed aluminum substrates. It this paper, structural, kinetic, and adhesive performance data for both seq-IPN and SIN structural adhesives cured by e-beam irradiation is presented. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Sands, JM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC ADVANCEMENT MATERIAL & PROCESS ENGINEERING PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DR,, COVINA, CA 91724-3748 USA BN 0-938994-86-7 PY 2000 BP 2211 EP 2222 PG 4 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BQ88N UT WOS:000089937600200 ER PT S AU Hsieh, BB AF Hsieh, BB BE Stauffer, F Kinzelbach, W Kovar, K Hoehn, E TI An optimal decision for contaminant plume capture design in a groundwater system under parameter and boundary uncertainty SO CALIBRATION AND RELIABILITY IN GROUNDWATER MODELLING: COPING WITH UNCERTAINTY SE IAHS PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ModelCARE 1999 Conference CY SEP, 1999 CL ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SP Swiss Fed Int Technol, Int Assoc Hydrol Sci, Int Commiss Groundwater, Int Assoc Hydrol Engn & Res, Comm Groundwater Hydraul ID AQUIFER AB An integrated modelling technique, which includes numerical simulation, optimization, and uncertainty analysis, was developed for investigating an optimal decision of contaminant plume capture design in groundwater. A generalized linkage between a numerical model, such as FEMWATER (a three-dimensional Finite element code) from the GMS (Department of Defence Groundwater Modelling System), and an optimization solver based on the unit-response matrix method, was first constructed. The next step was to insert the parameter and boundary uncertainties into the hydraulic gradient control schemes. The developed sensitivity coefficients were then combined with the response coefficient calculation and considered as additional design constraints in the optimization process. A real case study to examine the optimal capture zone design for the uncertainties of hydraulic conductivity, infiltration rate, and constant head boundary was demonstrated. C1 USA, Engineer R&D Ctr, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Hsieh, BB (reprint author), USA, Engineer R&D Ctr, Waterways Expt Stn, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0144-7815 BN 1-901502-36-8 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 2000 IS 265 BP 278 EP 284 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BT63M UT WOS:000173564800040 ER PT J AU Eckart, RE Kinney, KG Belnap, CM Le, TD AF Eckart, RE Kinney, KG Belnap, CM Le, TD TI Ventricular fibrillation refractory to automatic internal cardias defibrillator in Fabry's disease - Review of cardiovascular manifestations SO CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fabry's disease; infiltrative disease; ventricular fibrillation ID SHORT PR INTERVAL; CARDIOMYOPATHY AB Fabry's disease is a disorder of glycosphingolipid metabolism leading to alpha -galactosidase deficiency with systemic sequelae. Clinical cardiac manifestations include dysrhythmias, structural abnormalities apparent on echocardiography, and histologic changes secondary to glycosphingolipid deposition. The introduction of automated internal cardiac defibrillators (AICD) has been shown to decrease the incidence of circulatory collapse in individuals with known terminal arrhythmias, We present a patient with Fabry's disease, who underwent coronary angiography without finding of obstructive disease. He returned after aborted sudden cardiac death necessitating the placement of an AICD. He again presented after an episode of ventricular fibrillation refractory to internal defibrillation necessitating advanced life support, and subsequently expired. We review the electrocardiographic, cardiovascular structural, and histologic manifestations of Fabry's disease. Copyright (C) 2001 S. Karger AG, Basel. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Cardiol & Pathol, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Eckart, RE (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Cardiol & Pathol, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 18 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0008-6312 J9 CARDIOLOGY JI Cardiology PY 2000 VL 94 IS 3 BP 208 EP 212 DI 10.1159/000047318 PG 5 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 410RV UT WOS:000167453700012 PM 11279328 ER PT B AU Hansen, LD Nestler, C Ringelberg, D Pritchard, H Jones-Meehan, J AF Hansen, LD Nestler, C Ringelberg, D Pritchard, H Jones-Meehan, J BE Wickramanayake, GB Gavaskar, AR Gibbs, JT Means, JL TI Bioremediation of PAH/PCP contaminated soils from popile wood treatment facility SO CASE STUDIES IN THE REMEDIATION OF CHLORINATED AND RECALCITRANT COMPOUNDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Remediation of Chlorinated and Recalcitrant Compounds CY MAY 22-25, 2000 CL MONTEREY, CA SP Battelle, EnviroMetal Technologies Inc, Geomatrix Consultants Inc, Naval Facilities Engn Command, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, Regenesis AB A pilot scale study using simulated land treatment units (LTUs) was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of traditional landfarming (bioremediation) on contaminated soil from a wood treatment facility. Initial site characterization indicated a clay/silt soil with high contamination (13000 mg/kg polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), 775 mg/kg pentachlorophenol (PCP) and 105 mgikg benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) equivalents). A novel in-situ respiration analysis technique was developed to evaluate aerobic biological activity. Respiration analysis, coupled with reduction in heavy PAHs (4, 5, and 6 ring), demonstrated significant biological activity even at the unusually high contaminant concentrations observed. Bacterial characterization by Polar Lipid Fatty Acid (PLFA) analysis, showed continuous increase in biomass and a divergence in community composition between the LTUs. Available PCP concentrations were not reduced in either LTU. Pre and post leachability analysis, using the Sequential Batch Leachate Test (SBLT) and the Synthetic Precipitate Leaching Procedure (SPLP), indicated that the treated material would not cause groundwater contamination if placed back on site. C1 USACE, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS USA. RP Hansen, LD (reprint author), USACE, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 USA BN 1-57477-101-9 PY 2000 BP 145 EP 152 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BR65T UT WOS:000167102000020 ER PT B AU Talley, JW Hatzinger, PB Waisner, SA Goldstein, K Navon, D Heckelman, CA Senick, M AF Talley, JW Hatzinger, PB Waisner, SA Goldstein, K Navon, D Heckelman, CA Senick, M BE Wickramanayake, GB Gavaskar, AR Gibbs, JT Means, JL TI Bioremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) at the Watervliet Arsenal SO CASE STUDIES IN THE REMEDIATION OF CHLORINATED AND RECALCITRANT COMPOUNDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Remediation of Chlorinated and Recalcitrant Compounds CY MAY 22-25, 2000 CL MONTEREY, CA SP Battelle, EnviroMetal Technologies Inc, Geomatrix Consultants Inc, Naval Facilities Engn Command, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, Regenesis AB A laboratory biotreatability study was conducted to evaluate potential for aerobic and anoxic (denitrifying conditions) bioremediation of PAHs and total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) in soils from the Siberia Area of Watervliet Arsenal, Watervliet, NY. The Study was designed to simulate in situ landfarming techniques and provide realistic assessment of contaminant degradation during bioremediation efforts. After one month of incubation, PAH levels in aerobic, nutrient-amended samples showed greater than 40% decline, while levels in aerobic samples without nutrients fell approximately 22%. PAH concentrations in flooded (anoxic) samples and killed controls showed a marginal increase during this time compared to initial analysis. After four months of incubation, PAH and TPH: in aerobic tanks with nutrients and the tank receiving only water had both declined approximately 70%. PAH and TEIH concentrations in anoxic samples also declined during this time; but losses were less than aerobic samples. Microbial plate counts showed high levels of PAH and hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria in aerobic soil samples. Data suggests that biodegradation caused marked declines in PAH levels in aerobic samples but not in soil incubated under anoxic, denitrifying conditions. Data indicates that mixing and aeration of soils are more important than nutrient addition in stimulating hydrocarbon biodegradation in the Siberia Area. C1 USACE, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS USA. RP Talley, JW (reprint author), USACE, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 USA BN 1-57477-101-9 PY 2000 BP 213 EP 220 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BR65T UT WOS:000167102000028 ER PT J AU Gewirtz, DA Sundaram, S Magnet, KJ AF Gewirtz, DA Sundaram, S Magnet, KJ TI Influence of topoisomerase II inhibitors and ionizing radiation on growth arrest and cell death pathways in the breast tumor cell SO CELL BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS LA English DT Review DE adriamycin; apoptoti cell death; irradiation; MCF-7 cells; vitamin D ID WILD-TYPE P53; C-MYC EXPRESSION; DAUNORUBICIN-INDUCED APOPTOSIS; CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASES; HAMSTER OVARY CELLS; TRANS-RETINOIC ACID; CANCER-CELLS; DNA-DAMAGE; RETINOBLASTOMA PROTEIN; P53-MEDIATED APOPTOSIS AB Promotion of apoptosis (which is frequently dependent on functional p53) is thought to be critical for the effectiveness of chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Studies in this as well as other laboratories have demonstrated that breast tumor cells are relatively refractory to apoptosis in response to modalities that induce DNA damage. This report describes our efforts to understand the basis for the absence of an apoptotic response to adriamycin and ionizing radiation in the breast tumor cell based on alterations in cell-cycle and apoptotic regulatory proteins. We also report on the permissive effects of Vitamin Dg and the Vitamin Dg analog EB 1089 in the promotion of apoptosis in p53-wild-type cells. Our studies suggest that regulation of apoptosis in the breast tumor cell may require modulation of signaling events other than or in addition to the p53-dependent DNA damage response. C1 Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Med Coll Virginia, Dept Pharmacol, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Med Coll Virginia, Dept Toxicol, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Med Coll Virginia, Dept Med, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. Dartmouth Med Sch, Dept Surg, Dartmouth, NH USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Tripler AMC, HI USA. RP Gewirtz, DA (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Med Coll Virginia, Dept Pharmacol, POB 980230, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. RI huang, hongqi/N-1473-2014 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA55815, 5T32 CA09564]; NIEHS NIH HHS [5T32 ES07087] NR 106 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 1085-9195 J9 CELL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS JI Cell Biochem. Biophys. PY 2000 VL 33 IS 1 BP 19 EP 31 DI 10.1385/CBB:33:1:19 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 374PC UT WOS:000165352700002 PM 11322510 ER PT J AU Hime, WG Mather, B AF Hime, WG Mather, B TI Reply to the discussion of the paper "Sulfate attack," or is it?" SO CEMENT AND CONCRETE RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Wiss Janney Elstnet Associates Inc, Northbrook, IL 60062 USA. USA, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Hime, WG (reprint author), Wiss Janney Elstnet Associates Inc, 330 Pfingsten Rd, Northbrook, IL 60062 USA. RI Chen, Wei/A-5694-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-8846 J9 CEMENT CONCRETE RES JI Cem. Concr. Res. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 30 IS 1 BP 163 EP 164 DI 10.1016/S0008-8846(99)00222-7 PG 2 WC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science GA 291FU UT WOS:000085724100022 ER PT B AU Ledbetter, RH AF Ledbetter, RH BE Kimura, T Kusakabe, O Takemura, J TI US Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station Centrifuge Research Center SO CENTRIFUGE 98, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Centrifuge CY SEP 23-25, 1998 CL TOKYO, JAPAN SP Japanese Geotech Soc, Int Soc Soil Mech & Geotech Engn, Tech Comm TC2 Centrifuge Testing C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Ledbetter, RH (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5410-988-2 PY 2000 BP 1155 EP 1157 PG 3 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA BR60W UT WOS:000166937800025 ER PT S AU Vanderbeek, RG Warren, RE D'Amico, FM AF Vanderbeek, RG Warren, RE D'Amico, FM BE Gardner, PJ TI Application of estimation theory to range-resolved and topographic frequency-agile LIDAR data SO CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SENSING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemical and Biological Sensing CY APR 24-25, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE AB This paper presents a maximum likelihood based algorithm capable of estimating the concentration of one or more aerosol clouds as a function of range. The traditional Differential Scattering (DISC) technique does not optimally utilize all the information available with tunable LIDAR sensors. For this reason, the authors have investigated alternative approaches that may better handle the general multi-material multi-wavelength scenario. This algorithm was tested using data that was generated to simulate the response of the Army's FAL sensor. The algorithm is shown to be able discriminate between three materials. C1 USA, SBCCOM, ECBC, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Vanderbeek, RG (reprint author), USA, SBCCOM, ECBC, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3662-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4036 BP 76 EP 84 DI 10.1117/12.394053 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing GA BR35K UT WOS:000166173500009 ER PT S AU Bronk, BV Shoaibi, A Nudelman, R Akinyemi, A AF Bronk, BV Shoaibi, A Nudelman, R Akinyemi, A BE Gardner, PJ TI Physical perturbation for fluorescent characterization of microorganism particles SO CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SENSING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemical and Biological Sensing CY APR 24-25, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE fluorescence of microorganisms; optical classification of particles; physical perturbation of microorganism; particles; ultraviolet preirradiation for fluorescence ID SPORES AB The motivation for using response to physical perturbation to classify microparticles came from our previous experiments with Dipicolinic Acid (DPA). DPA as a calcium complex is a major component of bacterial spores, constituting more than 5% of their dry weight. It is not commonly found in other natural products and therefore its presence is indicative of the presence of bacterial spores. Previous schemes utilizing the presence of DPA to detect these spores have relied on fluorescence which occurs when lanthanide metals (e.g., terbium) are added to a solution where the presence of DPA is to be determined. We have recently demonstrated that changes in the fluorescence of DPA can be stimulated without the addition of such reagents. Thus after exposure to UV light, a substantial increase of fluorescence emitted by DPA solutions with a peak at 410 nm occurs for excitation light with wavelength less than similar to 305 nm. We have extended the above observation to obtain examples showing when this effect and comparable effects of other physical perturbations (temperature changes etc.) may provide very rapid information which can be used to initially classify particles. We have examined spores of Bacillus spp. and have found that large changes in the fluorescence of these particles and their supernatant comparable to that observed for chemical solutions occurs after short treatments with exposure to heat and UV light. Comparison of these results with those obtained with the same treatment of several other biological particles (e.g., vegetative cells of gram negative or gram positive bacteria etc.) shows that this effect of stimulated fluorescence indeed has the potential for preliminary and rapid classification of particles collected from an aerosol. C1 USA, AFRL, ECBC, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Bronk, BV (reprint author), USA, AFRL, ECBC, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3662-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4036 BP 169 EP 180 DI 10.1117/12.394077 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing GA BR35K UT WOS:000166173500019 ER PT S AU Cannaliato, VJ Jezek, BW Hyttinen, L Strawbridge, J Ginley, WJ AF Cannaliato, VJ Jezek, BW Hyttinen, L Strawbridge, J Ginley, WJ BE Gardner, PJ TI Short Range Biological Standoff Detection System (SR-BSDS) SO CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SENSING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemical and Biological Sensing CY APR 24-25, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE standoff detection; biological standoff detection; LIDAR; laser induced fluorescence; remote sensing C1 USA, Soldier & Biol Chem Command, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Cannaliato, VJ (reprint author), USA, Soldier & Biol Chem Command, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3662-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4036 BP 219 EP 223 DI 10.1117/12.394066 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing GA BR35K UT WOS:000166173500025 ER PT S AU DeSha, M Dolash, T Ross, B AF DeSha, M Dolash, T Ross, B BE Gardner, PJ TI Tunable ultraviolet LIDAR SO CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SENSING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemical and Biological Sensing CY APR 24-25, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE light detection and ranging; laser induced fluorescence; tropospheric aerosol AB In recent history manmade and natural events have shown us the ever-present need for systems to monitor the troposphere for contaminates. These contaminants may take either a chemical or biological form, which determines the methods we use to monitor them. Monitoring the troposphere for biological contaminants is of particular interest to my organization. Whether manmade or natural, contaminants of a biological origin contain aromatic amino acids that autofluoresce when exposed to ultraviolet radiation. This establishes the basis of the laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) technique we use to detect biological contaminants. This technique is employed in point and remote detection schemes and is a valuable tool for discriminating proteinaceous from non-proteinaceous aerosols. Here we describe the development of a tunable ultraviolet LIDAR we use as an exploratory tool for fluorescence data acquisition and performance modeling of standoff bio-sensors. The system was developed around a Continuum model ND 6000 dye laser. The laser has a pulse repetition frequency of 10 Hertz and is tunable from 276 to 292 nanometers with a peak fluence of 75 milliJoules per pulse. The receiver consists of a 16-inch Dall-Kirkham telescope optically coupled, in free space mode, to photomultipliers. The photomultipliers detect direct laser scatter and the resulting fluorescence. We will also describe the results of field trials conducted at Battelle's West Jefferson facility and chamber trials conducted at Aberdeen Proving Grounds. C1 USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, AMSSB, RRT,DL, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP DeSha, M (reprint author), USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, AMSSB, RRT,DL, 5232 Fleming Rd,E5560, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3662-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4036 BP 236 EP 243 DI 10.1117/12.394069 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing GA BR35K UT WOS:000166173500028 ER PT B AU McKay, DJ Stark, JA Young, BL Govoni, JW Berini, CM Cronan, TJ Hewitt, AD AF McKay, DJ Stark, JA Young, BL Govoni, JW Berini, CM Cronan, TJ Hewitt, AD BE Wickramanayake, GB Gavaskar, AR Chen, ASC TI A field demonstration of trichloroethylene oxidation using potassium permanganate SO CHEMICAL OXIDATION AND REACTIVE BARRIERS: REMEDIATION OF CHLORINATED AND RECALCITRANT COMPOUNDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Remediation of Chlorinated and Recalcitrant Compounds CY MAY 22-25, 2000 CL MONTEREY, CA SP Battelle, EnviroMetal Technologies Inc, Geomatrix Consultants Inc, Naval Facilities Engn Command, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, Regenesis AB A multi-year demonstration of in-situ oxidation using a solution of potassium permanganate is ongoing at the U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (Hanover, New Hampshire). Consistent with the Laboratory's mission to provide solutions for cold-related problems, chemical oxidation was selected to evaluate a low-cost alternative to bioremediation in cold climates. Mean annual temperature at the Hanover site is 7 degrees C. Treatment began in August 1999 and is expected to continue through at least part of 2001. Oxidant is delivered to unsaturated soils about 30 m above the water table in regions that contained residual-phase trichloroethylene (TCE). Treatment progress is monitored through periodic collections and analyses of the solid, liquid, and gas matrices within the treated volume. Here, an assessment of oxidant distribution in the heterogeneous formation is presented in the context of initial site conditions, treatment methodology, and preliminary results. Observations of permanganate distribution in post-treatment soil samples illustrate the importance of site characterization for improving the operational efficiency of an oxidative treatment system. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Hanover, NH USA. RP McKay, DJ (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Hanover, NH USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 USA BN 1-57477-100-0 PY 2000 BP 109 EP 116 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BQ71X UT WOS:000089259400014 ER PT J AU Malis, DJ Breisch, EA Billman, GF AF Malis, DJ Breisch, EA Billman, GF TI Cartilaginous choristoma of the nasopharynx SO CLINICAL ANATOMY LA English DT Article DE choristoma; embryology; nasopharynx; notocord; pharyngeal bursa AB A 21-year-old white male presented with persistent adenoiditis. A computed tomography (CT) scan with contrast was performed and was interpreted as normal. An adenoidectomy was performed, and histologic examination demonstrated the unexpected presence of a mature island of hyaline cartilage surrounded by lymphoid hyperplasia. The nature of this anomaly is considered in respect to the embryological development of the base of the skull and nasopharynx. (C) 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Childrens Hosp & Hlth Ctr, Dept Pathol, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg Serv, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Breisch, EA (reprint author), Childrens Hosp & Hlth Ctr, Dept Pathol, MC-5007,3020 Childrens Way, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0897-3806 J9 CLIN ANAT JI Clin. Anat. PY 2000 VL 13 IS 4 BP 263 EP 266 DI 10.1002/1098-2353(2000)13:4<263::AID-CA6>3.0.CO;2-3 PG 4 WC Anatomy & Morphology SC Anatomy & Morphology GA 331AF UT WOS:000087994100006 PM 10873218 ER PT J AU Wu, SJL Paxton, H Hanson, B Kung, CG Chen, TB Rossi, C Vaughn, DW Murphy, GS Hayes, CG AF Wu, SJL Paxton, H Hanson, B Kung, CG Chen, TB Rossi, C Vaughn, DW Murphy, GS Hayes, CG TI Comparison of two rapid diagnostic assays for detection of immunoglobulin M antibodies to dengue virus SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; IMMUNOCHROMATOGRAPHIC TEST; CAPTURE ELISA; JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS; INFECTION; FEVER; IGM; SERA AB Two easy-to-use commercial diagnostic assays, a dipstick enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (Integrated Diagnostics, Baltimore, Md,) and an immunochromatographic card assay (PanBio, Brisbane, Australia) were evaluated for detection of immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody to dengue virus with an in-house IgM antibody capture microplate ELISA as a reference assay. The dipstick ELISA was based on the indirect-ELISA format using dengue 2 virus as the only antigen and enzyme-labeled goat anti-human IgM antibody as the detector. The total assay time was 75 min. The immunochromatographic card assay was based on the antibody capture format and separately measured both anti-dengue virus IgM and IgG in the same test. Colloidal-gold-labeled anti-dengue virus monoclonal antibody bound with dengue virus 1 to 4 antigen cocktail was the detector, and anti-human IgM and IgG were the capture antibodies. The total assay time,vas < 10 min. Sera from 164 individuals classified as either anti-dengue virus IgM positive (94) or anti-dengue virus IgM negative (70) in the reference microplate ELISA with a dengue virus 1 to 4 antigen cocktail were tested in the two commercial assays. The dipstick ELISA missed 7 of 94 positive samples, for a sensitivity of 92.6%, while the immunochromatographic card assay missed two positive samples, for a sensitivity of 97.9%. Of the 70 negative samples, four were false positive by the dipstick ELISA and two were false positive in the immunochromatographic card assay, resulting in specificities of 94.3 and 97.1%, respectively. Both commercial assays provide sensitive and specific detection of anti-dengue virus IgM antibody and could prove useful in settings where the microplate ELISA is impractical. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr, Viral & Rickettsiol Dis Dept, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. Integrated Diagnost Inc, Baltimore, MD 21227 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Diagnost Syst Div, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Virus Dis, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Wu, SJL (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr, Viral & Rickettsiol Dis Dept, Code 41,8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NR 19 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 7 IS 1 BP 106 EP 110 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 273TF UT WOS:000084723000021 PM 10618287 ER PT J AU Britten, CD Rowinsky, EK Baker, SD Weiss, GR Smith, L Stephenson, J Rothenberg, M Smetzer, L Cramer, J Collins, W Von Hoff, DD Eckhardt, SG AF Britten, CD Rowinsky, EK Baker, SD Weiss, GR Smith, L Stephenson, J Rothenberg, M Smetzer, L Cramer, J Collins, W Von Hoff, DD Eckhardt, SG TI A Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of the mitochondrial-specific rhodacyanine dye analog MKT 077 SO CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID RAT-LIVER MITOCHONDRIA; ANTITUMOR-ACTIVITY; LIPOPHILIC CATION; CARCINOMA-CELLS; LIVING CELLS; RHODAMINE-123; MKT-077; APOPTOSIS; ACCUMULATION; RETENTION AB This Phase I study was performed to evaluate the tolerability and pharmacokinetic behavior of MKT-077, a water soluble rhodacyanine dye analogue, which partitions into tumor cell mitochondria where it is thought to act as a metabolic poison, leading to G(1) arrest and apoptosis, Thirteen patients with advanced solid malignancies were treated with MKT-077 administered as a 30-min i.v. infusion weekly for 4 weeks every 6 weeks at doses ranging from 42 to 126 mg/m(2)/week, The principal toxicity was renal magnesium wasting, which was dose-limiting (grade 3) in one patient at each of the 84- and 126-mg/m(2) dose levels, The other three patients at the 126-mg/m(2) dose level developed grade 2 hypomagnesemia, which was cumulative in nature, improved with i.v. magnesium supplementation, and was controlled in two patients by the administration of prophylactic magnesium before and after treatment with MKT-077, Given the requirement for extensive monitoring of serum magnesium levels, dose escalation >126 mg/m(2) was not considered feasible. Thus, the recommended dose for disease-oriented studies with this schedule of MKT-077 is 126 mg/m(2)/week, Pharmacokinetic studies revealed a prolonged terminal half-life (37 +/- 17 h) and a large volume of distribution (685 +/- 430 liters/m(2)), Clearance averaged 39 +/- 13 liters/h/m(2). Peak MKT-077 plasma concentrations (1.2 +/- 0.31 to 6.3 +/- 5.3 mu g/ml) exceeded the IC50 concentrations required for human CX-I colon, MCF-breast, CRL-1420 pancreas, EJ bladder, and LOX melanoma tumor cell lines in vitro (0.15-0.5 mu g/ml). These results indicate that at the recommended dose level of 126 mg/m(2)/week of MKT-077, the toxicity profile was consistent with the preferential accumulation of the agent within tumor cell mitochondria, and biologically relevant plasma concentrations were achieved. C1 Canc Therapy & Res Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Inst Drug Dev, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. S Texas Oncol & Hematol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland. RP Britten, CD (reprint author), British Columbia Canc Agcy, Div Med Oncol, 600 W 10th Ave, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4E6, Canada. FU NCRR NIH HHS [MO1 RR01346] NR 29 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI BIRMINGHAM PA PO BOX 11806, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35202 USA SN 1078-0432 J9 CLIN CANCER RES JI Clin. Cancer Res. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 6 IS 1 BP 42 EP 49 PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 276YP UT WOS:000084906200006 PM 10656430 ER PT J AU Jabbari, B Russo, MB Russo, ML AF Jabbari, B Russo, MB Russo, ML TI Electroencephalogram of asymptomatic adult subjects SO CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE electroencephlogram of healthy subjects; epileptiform activity; slow activity; photoparoxysmal response ID NORMAL-CHILDREN; DIAGNOSIS; EPILEPSY; EEG AB Objectives: The objective of this study is to investigate the incidence of epileptiform activity, focal or generalized slowing, patterns of uncertain significance and the effects of hyperventilation, photic stimulation and sleep on the electroencephalogram of asymptomatic adult subjects. Methods: The studied group consisted of 100 male subjects with a mean age of 34 years (range 18-45 years). Each subject was screened closely for personal or family history of seizures, HIV, head trauma and drug abuse. Half of the subjects had a magnetic resonance imaging scan (MRI). Results: In no subject resting or activated EEG showed any epileptiform activity or excessive slowing (focal or generalized). One subject demonstrated an H-response, one disclosed an alpha asymmetry of more than 50% and one showed slow alpha variant. Fourteen and 6 positive burst (12%) and small sharp spikes (11%) were the two most common patterns of uncertain significance. Conclusion: In a carefully screened population of young and middle age adults, the incidence of epileptiform activity, photoparoxysmal response or excessive slowing is less than 1%. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Neurol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC USA. RP Jabbari, B (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Neurol, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 30 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 1388-2457 J9 CLIN NEUROPHYSIOL JI Clin. Neurophysiol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 111 IS 1 BP 102 EP 105 DI 10.1016/S1388-2457(99)00189-3 PG 4 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 270VE UT WOS:000084557200015 PM 10656517 ER PT J AU Fults-Ganey, K Bradley, Y Toney, MO AF Fults-Ganey, K Bradley, Y Toney, MO TI Ga-67 uptake in a patient with Takayasu's arteritis SO CLINICAL NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE GA-67 scintigraphy; Takayasu's arteritis ID ANGIOGRAPHY; DIAGNOSIS; DISEASE C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Div Diagnost Radiol, San Antonio, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Div Nucl Radiol, San Antonio, TX USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Fults-Ganey, K (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, 759th MDTS MTRD, 2200 Berquist Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0363-9762 J9 CLIN NUCL MED JI Clin. Nucl. Med. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 25 IS 1 BP 67 EP 69 DI 10.1097/00003072-200001000-00022 PG 3 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 271FT UT WOS:000084584100022 PM 10634542 ER PT J AU Doyle, JJ Eliasson, AH Argyros, GJ Dennis, GJ Finger, DR Hurwitz, KM Phillips, YY AF Doyle, JJ Eliasson, AH Argyros, GJ Dennis, GJ Finger, DR Hurwitz, KM Phillips, YY TI Prevalence of pulmonary disorders in patients with newly diagnosed rheumatoid arthritis SO CLINICAL RHEUMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE airway hyperreactivity; bronchoprovocation; pulmonary disease; rheumatoid arthritis ID EUCAPNIC VOLUNTARY HYPERVENTILATION; LUNG-DISEASE; OBLITERATIVE BRONCHIOLITIS; CLINICAL-FEATURES; BRONCHIECTASIS; METHACHOLINE; OBSTRUCTION; CHALLENGE; HEALTH; QUESTIONNAIRE AB Our objective was to determine the prevalence of airway hyperreactivity (AHR) in patients with newly diagnosed rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who had received no disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and to characterise the spectrum of lung diseases identifiable in these patients at the time of presentation. Eighteen consecutive patients with newly diagnosed RA referred to our medical centre's rheumatology clinic over 2 years underwent pulmonary evaluation with arterial blood gas analysis, chest radiographs, spirometry before and after bronchodilator medication, and body plethysmography. They returned on subsequent days in random order for methacholine inhalation challenge (MIC) and eucapnic voluntary hyperventilation (EVH) as bronchoprovocation techniques. One patient had severe obstructive disease at presentation and therefore did not undergo bronchoprovocation. We found a wide variety of pulmonary abnormalities, including two patients with hypoxia (12%), two with obstruction (12%), three with restriction (18%) and four with AHR (23%). The data also suggest a strong association between pulmonary diseases in RA and cigarette smoking. Although no single characteristic lung disease such as AHR was identified in patients presenting with RA, the association between lung disease and cigarette smoking is striking and underscores the need to emphasise smoking cessation in this patient population. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Pulm & Crit Care Med Serv, Dept Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Eliasson, AH (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Pulm & Crit Care Med Serv, Dept Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 45 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0770-3198 J9 CLIN RHEUMATOL JI Clin. Rheumatol. PY 2000 VL 19 IS 3 BP 217 EP 221 DI 10.1007/s100670050160 PG 5 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 323HT UT WOS:000087560500012 PM 10870658 ER PT B AU McAnally, WH Mehta, AJ AF McAnally, WH Mehta, AJ BE McAnally, WH Mehta, AJ TI Collisional aggregation of fine estuarial sediment SO COASTAL AND ESTUARINE FINE SEDIMENT PROCESSES SE PROCEEDINGS IN MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Nearshore and Estuarine Cohesive Sediment Transport (INTERCOH 98) CY MAY 26-30, 1998 CL SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA ID SUSPENDED PARTICLES; GRAINED SEDIMENTS; FLOCCULATION; SIZE; COAGULATION; TRANSPORT; DENSITY; WATERS; FLOCS AB The rate of estuarial fine sediment aggregation is related to the frequency of particle collisions, which is a function of fluid, flow and particle characteristics plus the number concentration of particles. Most are two-body collisions, but three-body collisions can play a significant role in high-concentration suspensions and can be calculated from standard statistical theory. Experimental data suggest that the efficiency of aggregation, i.e., that fraction of collisions resulting in a bond between the colliding particles, spans five orders of magnitude; however, a new formulation replaces the traditional efficiency. This formulation partitions the efficiency through a non-dimensional analysis of the significant parameters in collision, aggregation, and disaggregation. Analysis shows that the new formulation successfully reproduces some of the limited aggregation rate data available. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP McAnally, WH (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-444-50463-X J9 PROCEED MARINE SCI PY 2000 VL 3 BP 19 EP 39 PG 21 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA BT63N UT WOS:000173565800002 ER PT B AU Teeter, AM AF Teeter, AM BE McAnally, WH Mehta, AJ TI Clay-silt sediment modeling using multiple grain classes. Part I: Settling and deposition SO COASTAL AND ESTUARINE FINE SEDIMENT PROCESSES SE PROCEEDINGS IN MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Nearshore and Estuarine Cohesive Sediment Transport (INTERCOH 98) CY MAY 26-30, 1998 CL SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA ID FLOCCULATION AB Settling and deposition process descriptors are developed for a multiple grain class numerical sediment transport model. Grain class settling rates are calculated to span floc settling rate distributions. Depositional fluxes are coupled from the coarsest to the finest grain class in proportion to class concentrations, consistent with the analytic model of Kranck and Milligan (1992) and other previously observed grain distributions. Numerical deposition experiments display characteristic features of observed grain spectra, as well as trends in overall distribution moments, and stress-dependent steady state concentrations. Floc settling experiments were performed to examine the combined effects of suspension concentration and fluid-shear. A new settling function is proposed and compared to experimental results. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Teeter, AM (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-444-50463-X J9 PROCEED MARINE SCI PY 2000 VL 3 BP 157 EP 171 PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA BT63N UT WOS:000173565800011 ER PT B AU Teeter, AM AF Teeter, AM BE McAnally, WH Mehta, AJ TI Clay-silt sediment modeling using multiple grain classes. Part II: Application to shallow-water resuspension and deposition SO COASTAL AND ESTUARINE FINE SEDIMENT PROCESSES SE PROCEEDINGS IN MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Nearshore and Estuarine Cohesive Sediment Transport (INTERCOH 98) CY MAY 26-30, 1998 CL SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA ID FLOCCULATION; TRANSPORT; LAKES AB Single and multiple grain class model formulations for the erosion and deposition of clay and silt sized particles are compared to each other for a series of laboratory experiments and field data from a shallow take where resuspension occurs from wind-waves. The approach for coupling between grain classes during settling and deposition is presented in Part I (this volume). Threshold shear stresses for mutually-exclusive erosion and deposition are used in the model formulation to be consistent with previous laboratory investigations. Model deposition and erosion laws treat silt and clay fractions differently, yet couple them during certain modes of vertical transport. Models with up to 7 grain classes are compared to laboratory flume tests which formed steady state suspension concentrations during deposition. Models with I and 4 grain classes are compared to field data, An automated, objective method is used to adjust coefficients for both model simulations. Comparisons indicate that the multiple grain class formulation improves erosion and deposition process descriptions. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Teeter, AM (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-444-50463-X J9 PROCEED MARINE SCI PY 2000 VL 3 BP 173 EP 187 PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA BT63N UT WOS:000173565800012 ER PT B AU Melby, JA Kobayashi, N AF Melby, JA Kobayashi, N BE Losada, IJ TI Damage progression and variability on breakwater trunks SO COASTAL STRUCTURES '99, VOLUMES 1 & 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference Coastal Structures 99 CY JUN 07-10, 1999 CL SANTANDER, SPAIN SP Puertos Estado, Univ Cantabria, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Gobierno Cantabria, Comis Interminist Ciencia & Tecnol, Puerto Bilbao, Fdn Marcelino Botin, Excmo Ayuntamiento Santander, Fomento Construcc & Contratas, Colegio Ingn Caminos, Canales & Puertos, Puerto Santander AB An experiment is described consisting of eight long-duration breakwater damage test series. The storm series were conducted in a flume using irregular waves. Wave height, wave period, water depth, storm duration, storm sequencing, and stone gradation were all varied systematically. In these tests, on traditional stone-armored structures, damage did not reach an equilibrium, where further waves cause no further damage. Previously published damage prediction methods are reviewed. One previously published and two new techniques for predicting the temporal variation of damage for series of storms are discussed in detail. The methods are compared to both constant wave condition and variable wave condition damage data sets. Two new damage prediction methods, based on the hypothesis of equivalent waves, are shown to be too sensitive to variations in wave height. All three methods are shown to perform significantly better if the initial profile adjustment is accounted for. C1 CHL, USAE Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS USA. RP Melby, JA (reprint author), CHL, USAE Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5809-092-2 PY 2000 BP 309 EP 315 PG 3 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA BQ23Z UT WOS:000087702100036 ER PT S AU Downs, G Roller, G Brendle, BE Teirney, T AF Downs, G Roller, G Brendle, BE Teirney, T BE Hopper, DG TI Military application of flat panel displays in the Vetronics Technology Testbed prototype vehicle SO COCKPIT DISPLAYS VII: DISPLAYS FOR DEFENSE APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Cockpit Displays VII - Displays for Defense Applications CY APR 25-28, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE advanced crew stations; AMLCD; rugged displays AB The ground combat vehicle crew of tomorrow must be able to perform their mission more effectively and efficiently if they are to maintain dominance over ever more lethal enemy forces. Increasing performance, however, becomes even more challenging when the soldier is subject to reduced crew sizes, a never-ending requirement to adapt to ever-evolving technologies and the demand to assimilate an overwhelming array of battlefield data. This, combined with the requirement to fight with equal effectiveness at any time of the day or night in all types of weather conditions, makes it clear that this crew of tomorrow will need timely, innovative solutions to overcome this multitude of barriers if they are to achieve their objectives. To this end, the U.S. Army is pursuing advanced crew stations with human-computer interfaces that will allow the soldier to take full advantage of emerging technologies and make efficient use of the battlefield information available to him in a program entitled "Vetronics Technology Testbed". Two critical components of the testbed are a compliment of panoramic indirect vision displays to permit drive-by-wire and multi-function displays for managing lethality, mobility, survivability, situational awareness and command and control of the vehicle. These displays are being developed and built by Computing Devices Canada, Ltd. This paper addresses the objectives of the testbed program and the technical requirements and design of the displays. C1 USA, Tankautomot & Armaments Command, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Downs, G (reprint author), USA, Tankautomot & Armaments Command, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3648-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4022 BP 75 EP 84 DI 10.1117/12.397776 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BQ88A UT WOS:000089914000008 ER PT J AU Chandra, J March, ST Mukherjee, S Pape, W Ramesh, R Rao, HR Waddoups, RO AF Chandra, J March, ST Mukherjee, S Pape, W Ramesh, R Rao, HR Waddoups, RO TI Information systems frontiers SO COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM LA English DT Article C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Univ Minnesota, Carlson Sch Management, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Philips Res Labs, Circuits & Syst Dept, Briarcliff Manor, NY USA. SUNY Buffalo, Sch Management, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. Motorola Syst Solut Grp, Scottsdale, AZ USA. RP Chandra, J (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 6 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036 USA SN 0001-0782 J9 COMMUN ACM JI Commun. ACM PD JAN PY 2000 VL 43 IS 1 BP 71 EP 79 DI 10.1145/323830.323847 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 268ZG UT WOS:000084450200015 ER PT B AU Murphy, RM AF Murphy, RM BE Klein, HE TI Solving a shortfall in executive education: Real time case method teaching SO COMPLEX DEMANDS ON TEACHING REQUIRE INNOVATION: CASE METHOD & OTHER TECHNIQUES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Case Method Research and Application CY 2000 CL CENT EUROPEAN UNIV, BUDAPEST, HUNGARY HO CENT EUROPEAN UNIV DE executive education; strategic leadership; strategic management; conceptual thinking; case method teaching AB Executive education by its very nature is designed to prepare the best performers in any organization for positions of higher responsibility in the organization. The path to higher levels of responsibility in an organization is usually as diverse as the backgrounds of the people in the organization. It becomes the challenge to those who develop executive education programs to take these promising executives and develop a program that will place them on an even footing in understanding the complexities of the strategic levels of their respective organization. In developing these programs, it is also desirable that the diversity of skills and knowledge that these people usually bring with them are used. This paper addresses the shortfalls in moving an educationally diverse group of individuals up the organization and ways to overcome these shortfalls. C1 USAWC, Carlisle Barracks, PA USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU WORLD ASSOC CASE METHOD RES APPLICATION PI NEEDHAM PA 23 MACKINTOSH AVE, NEEDHAM, MA 02492-1218 USA BN 1-877868-16-7 PY 2000 BP 87 EP 93 PG 7 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA BS03F UT WOS:000168407600009 ER PT J AU Tanoglu, M McKnight, SH Palmese, GR Gillespie, JW AF Tanoglu, M McKnight, SH Palmese, GR Gillespie, JW TI A new technique to characterize the fiber/matrix interphase properties under high strain rates SO COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING LA English DT Article DE interphase ID FIBER-MATRIX ADHESION; INTERFACIAL SHEAR-STRENGTH; PUSH-OUT TEST; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; REINFORCED POLYMERS; COMPOSITES; SURFACE AB Dynamic interphase-loading apparatus (DILA) has been developed to directly characterize the fiber/matrix interphase propel ties of composites under high loading rates. This apparatus uses a micro-mechanical method (micro-indentation) that is based on the debonding of a fiber from the matrix at the interphase region. Displacement rates up to 3000 mu m/s that cause deformation of the interphase under high shear strain rates were obtained using the fast expansion capability of piezoelectric actuators (PZT). Transient force and fiber displacement for a specific displacement rate is measured during the test. The data are reduced to apparent average interphase shear strength and energy absorbed during debonding and frictional sliding during the micro-debonding process. An E-glass-fiber/epoxy-amine interphase was tested under various lending rates to demonstrate the capability of the test apparatus. Test results showed that the strength and energy-absorbing capability of the E-glass/epoxy-amine interphase are sensitive to loading rate. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Delaware, Ctr Composite Mat, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Gillespie, JW (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Ctr Composite Mat, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. OI Tanoglu, Metin/0000-0001-9770-1302 NR 42 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-835X J9 COMPOS PART A-APPL S JI Compos. Pt. A-Appl. Sci. Manuf. PY 2000 VL 31 IS 10 BP 1127 EP 1138 DI 10.1016/S1359-835X(00)00070-1 PG 12 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 348JG UT WOS:000088981300010 ER PT J AU Ramana, VPV Kant, T Morton, SE Dutta, PK Mukherjee, A Desai, YM AF Ramana, VPV Kant, T Morton, SE Dutta, PK Mukherjee, A Desai, YM TI Behavior of CFRPC strengthened reinforced concrete beams with varying degrees of strengthening SO COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE adhesion; laminates; strength; flexural behavior AB This paper summarizes the results of experimental and analytical studies on the flexural strengthening of reinforced concrete beams by the external bonding of high-strength, light-weight carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite (CFRPC) laminates to the tension face of the beam. Four sets of beams, three with different amounts of CFRPC reinforcement by changing the width of CFRPC laminate, and one without CFRPC were tested in four-point bending over a span of 900 mm. The tests were carried out under displacement control. At least one beam in a set was extensively instrumented to monitor strains and deflections over the entire range of loading till the failure of the beam. The increase in strength and stiffness provided by the bonded laminate was assessed by varying the width of laminate. The results indicate that the flexural strength of beams was significantly increased as the width of laminate increased. Theoretical analysis using a computer program based on strain compatibility is presented to predict the ultimate strength and moment-deflection behavior of the beams. The comparison of the experimental results with theoretical values is also presented, along with an investigation of the beam failure modes. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Indian Inst Technol, Dept Civil Engn, Bombay 400076, Maharashtra, India. Ohio Dept Transportat, Columbus, OH 43216 USA. CRREL, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Kant, T (reprint author), Indian Inst Technol, Dept Civil Engn, Bombay 400076, Maharashtra, India. RI Mukhejee, Abhijit/K-5930-2015 OI Mukhejee, Abhijit/0000-0001-6972-8962 NR 13 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-8368 J9 COMPOS PART B-ENG JI Compos. Pt. B-Eng. PY 2000 VL 31 IS 6-7 SI SI BP 461 EP 470 DI 10.1016/S1359-8368(00)00022-6 PG 10 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 377ZA UT WOS:000165555300004 ER PT B AU Cole, MW Joshi, PC Hubbard, CW Ren, F AF Cole, MW Joshi, PC Hubbard, CW Ren, F BE Kopf, RF Chu, SNG Baca, AG TI Formation and thermal stability of Ni/WSi/Ti/Pt composite ohmic contacts to n-SiC for high power device applications SO COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR POWER TRANSISTORS II AND STATE-OF-THE-ART PROGRAM ON COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS (SOTAPOCS XXXII) SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Compound Semiconductor Power Transistors/32nd International Symposium on State-of-the-Art Program on Compound Semiconductors CY MAY 14-19, 2000 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP Electrochem Soc ID NICKEL AB Ni/WSi/Ti/Pt Ohmic contacts to n-SiC were investigated as a function of annealing temperatures up to 1000 degrees C. Annealing at temperatures between 950 degrees and 1000 degrees C yielded excellent Ohmic behavior. At these temperatures the contact-SiC interface was smooth, defect free and characterized by a narrow Ni2Si reaction region. The annealed contacts possessed atomically smooth surface morphologies and exhibited minimal contact expansion. The residual carbon, resultant from the decomposition of SiC and reaction with Ni to form Ni2Si, was constrained by reaction with the WSi and Ti layers forming carbide phases of W and Ti spatially distant from the metal semiconductor interface. Our results demonstrate that the Ni/WSi/Ti/Pt composite Ohmic contact maintains the desirable electrical properties associated with Ni contacts and possess excellent interfacial, compositional and surface properties which are required for reliable high power and temperature device operation. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Cole, MW (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-266-4 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2000 VL 2000 IS 1 BP 90 EP 102 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA BQ46Z UT WOS:000088423100010 ER PT J AU Behr, M Pressel, DM Sturek, WB AF Behr, M Pressel, DM Sturek, WB TI Comments on CFD code performance on scalable architectures SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Japan-US Symposium on Finite Element Methods in Latge-Scale Computational Fluid Dynamics CY APR 02-04, 1998 CL NIHON UNIV, COLL SCI & TECHNOL, NIHON, JAPAN SP Nihon Univ, Coll Sci & Tecnol, Japn Soc Computat Fluid Dynam HO NIHON UNIV, COLL SCI & TECHNOL ID INCOMPRESSIBLE FLOWS; COMPUTATION AB We comment on the current performance of computational fluid dynamics codes on a variety of scalable computer architectures. The performance figures are derived from both the finite-volume and finite-element methodologies, and encompass shared, virtual shared, and distributed memory architectures, as exemplified by the SGI Origin series, CM5, and the GRAY T3D/E family, respectively. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77005 USA. USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Behr, M (reprint author), Rice Univ, MS 321,6100 Main St, Houston, TX 77005 USA. RI Behr, Marek/H-5401-2011 OI Behr, Marek/0000-0003-4257-8276 NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0045-7825 J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. PY 2000 VL 190 IS 3-4 SI SI BP 263 EP 277 DI 10.1016/S0045-7825(00)00201-2 PG 15 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 379JD UT WOS:000165638200003 ER PT J AU Stein, K Benney, R Kalro, V Tezduyar, TE Leonard, J Accorsi, M AF Stein, K Benney, R Kalro, V Tezduyar, TE Leonard, J Accorsi, M TI Parachute fluid-structure interactions: 3-D computation SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Japan-US Symposium on Finite Element Methods in Latge-Scale Computational Fluid Dynamics CY APR 02-04, 1998 CL NIHON UNIV, COLL SCI & TECHNOL, NIHON, JAPAN SP Nihon Univ, Coll Sci & Tecnol, Japn Soc Computat Fluid Dynam HO NIHON UNIV, COLL SCI & TECHNOL ID FINITE-ELEMENT COMPUTATIONS; SPACE-TIME PROCEDURE; MOVING BOUNDARIES; INTERFACES; INFLATION; DYNAMICS; STRATEGY; FLOWS AB We present a parallel computational strategy for carrying out 3-D simulations of parachute fluid-structure interaction (FSI), and apply this strategy to a round parachute. The strategy uses a stabilized space-time finite element formulation for the fluid dynamics (FD), and a finite element formulation derived from the principle of virtual work for the structural dynamics (SD). The fluid-structure coupling is implemented over compatible surface meshes in the SD and FD meshes. Large deformations of the structure are handled in the FD mesh by using an automatic mesh moving scheme with remeshing as needed. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Soldier Syst Command, Natick Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. USA, HPC Res Ctr, Minneapolis, MN USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Storrs, CT USA. RP Stein, K (reprint author), USA, Soldier Syst Command, Natick Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. EM Keith.Stein@natick.army.mil RI Tezduyar, Tayfun/F-6134-2012 OI Tezduyar, Tayfun/0000-0001-8707-3162 NR 12 TC 107 Z9 115 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0045-7825 J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. PY 2000 VL 190 IS 3-4 SI SI BP 373 EP 386 DI 10.1016/S0045-7825(00)00208-5 PG 14 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 379JD UT WOS:000165638200010 ER PT J AU Meakin, RL AF Meakin, RL TI Adaptive spatial partitioning and refinement for overset structured grids SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID GENERATION AB The need for adaptive refinement for unsteady aerodynamic applications that may involve relative motion between configuration components is recognized. An efficient means of adaptive refinement within systems of overset structured grids is presented. Problem domains are segregated into near-body and off-body fields. Near-body fields are discretized via overlapping body-fitted grids that extend a short distance from body surfaces. Off-body fields are discretized via systems of overlapping uniform Cartesian (structured) grids of varying levels of refinement. A novel method of adaptive spatial partitioning and refinement that is responsive to evolving off-body flow dynamics and proximity of moving solid bodies is described. Computational advantages of structured data are reviewed. Properties of uniform Cartesian grids that lead to substantial computational advantages are identified. A grid component grouping algorithm is presented. Formal accuracy of the method is considered. The method is demonstrated for three-dimensional unsteady viscous flow applications of practical relevance. Published by Elsevier Science S.A. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Army NASA Rotocraft Div, US Army Aeroflightdynam DIrectorate,AMCOM, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Meakin, RL (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Army NASA Rotocraft Div, US Army Aeroflightdynam DIrectorate,AMCOM, M-S 258-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 38 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0045-7825 J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. PY 2000 VL 189 IS 4 BP 1077 EP 1117 DI 10.1016/S0045-7825(99)00369-2 PG 41 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 365CK UT WOS:000089930700003 ER PT S AU Zoltani, CK Baskin, SI AF Zoltani, CK Baskin, SI GP IEEE IEEE TI Simulation of acetylcholine cardiac overload caused by Soman, a cholinesterase inhibitor SO COMPUTERS IN CARDIOLOGY 2000, VOL 27 SE COMPUTERS IN CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Annual Meeting of Computers in Cardiology CY SEP 24-27, 2000 CL CAMBRIDGE, MA SP European Soc Cardiol, Hlth Sci & Technol, Harvard MIT Div ID HEART AB Organophosphates (OPs) are known to produce not only atrial bradyarrhythmia, but also serious conduction cardiac arrhythmias that can lead to death. Simulating these types of arrhythmias on various cardiac structures may provide a rational understanding of which structure would most contribute to the pathologic cardiac picture, and thus should allow for improved therapy. OP-produced acetylcholine (ACh) overload of the heart was simulated by its effect on the sino-atrial (SA) node, the Purkinje fiber, and the ventricles of the rabbit. The observed pathology as a function of ACh concentration was studied in terms of the divergence of the membrane currents and the action potential from baseline. Based on results of simulations with extracellular K-o(+) concentrations, a new model for soman-induced cardiac arrest is proposed. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, CI,HA, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Zoltani, CK (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, CI,HA, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0276-6574 BN 0-7803-6557-7 J9 COMPUT CARDIOL PY 2000 VL 27 BP 243 EP 246 DI 10.1109/CIC.2000.898502 PG 4 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Biomedical SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Computer Science; Engineering GA BR66S UT WOS:000167110800063 ER PT J AU Bankston, JB Harnett, RM AF Bankston, JB Harnett, RM TI An heuristic algorithm for a multi-product, single machine capacitated production scheduling problem SO COMPUTERS & OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE capacitated production scheduling; heuristic; implicit enumeration AB This paper develops a technique for solving a capacitated production scheduling problem representative of a paper forming manufacturing process. The process involves equipment set ups for which down time has both fixed and variable components. An objective of minimizing the total time required to produce given orders for each of the products is considered. The scheduling problem may be characterized as a non-linear, integer, optimization problem. While there is a variety of literature available concerning optimization and scheduling theory, very little of it is directly applicable to the problem investigated here. The algorithmic methods (and associated computer programs) that were used in this research were developed specifically to solve these problems in reasonable times. The proposed algorithm is shown to generate production schedules that exceeded the true optimal by no more than 5%. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Ind & Mfg Syst Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. USA, Ft Sill, OK USA. RP Harnett, RM (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Ind & Mfg Syst Engn, 237 Durland Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0305-0548 J9 COMPUT OPER RES JI Comput. Oper. Res. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 27 IS 1 BP 77 EP 92 DI 10.1016/S0305-0548(99)00035-0 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 251EF UT WOS:000083431100006 ER PT B AU Schneider, S Podlesak, TF AF Schneider, S Podlesak, TF GP IEEE IEEE TI Multichip thyristor performance SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2000 TWENTY-FOURTH INTERNATIONAL POWER MODULATOR SYMPOSIUM, 50TH ANNIVERSARY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Power Modulator Symposium CY JUN 26-29, 2000 CL NORFOLK, VA SP DoD Advisory Grp Electron Devices, USA Res Lab, USA Res Off, USAF Res Lab, Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Sandia Natl Labs, Univ So Calif, IEEE, Electron Devices Soc AB The performance of the ABB CSF 672-11000 multichip thyristor has been studied under wide pulse conditions. The thyristor consists of four symmetric 2.8 kV, 47 mm diameter chips in a single compact package. The gate driver is optically isolated with the power parasitically derived from the anode voltage. A dual parallel PFN testbed was used for the study. Reliable operation was demonstrated using a single PFN at 10 kV with a peak current of 31.4 kA at a pulse width of 557 mus (FWHM). With dual PFNs a chip shotted in one device at 5.0 kV and 32 kA. A second device was tested for 144 pulses up to 6.8 kV and a peak current of 42.4 kA with a di/dt of 2.0 kA/mus before a single chip failed. In both cases the devices were still usable and additional testing was continued at 42.4 kA. The results obtained favors the concept of building high voltage thyristor stacks with extra chips to provide a graceful degradation and long life capability. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-5827-9 PY 2000 BP 58 EP 61 DI 10.1109/MODSYM.2000.896164 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BR28Y UT WOS:000166025800014 ER PT B AU Hummer, CR Singh, H AF Hummer, CR Singh, H GP IEEE IEEE TI Thyristors for pulsed power applications SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2000 TWENTY-FOURTH INTERNATIONAL POWER MODULATOR SYMPOSIUM, 50TH ANNIVERSARY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Power Modulator Symposium CY JUN 26-29, 2000 CL NORFOLK, VA SP DoD Advisory Grp Electron Devices, USA Res Lab, USA Res Off, USAF Res Lab, Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Sandia Natl Labs, Univ So Calif, IEEE, Electron Devices Soc AB Among solid state switches, thyristors are best suited for pulsed power applications. An important rating for thyristors operated in the pulse mode is the action of the current, the integral of the square of the current over time, which can be related to the heating of the wafer. The action ratings of the 125 mm thyristors having a involuted gate structure were determined. Changing the gate structure to a highly interdigitated pattern resulted in thyristors with improved action ratings. This change in the gate structure decreased the switching time and the forward voltage drop of the switch, but the thyristors failed when the action of the current was less than expected. As an example, one thyristor with a highly interdigitated gate structure was degraded by a damped current waveform with a peak current of 270 kA, an initial di/dt of 4.7 kA/mus and an action of 6.6x10(6) A(2)s. The expected ratings for the peak current and action were 410 kA and 1.5x10(7) A(2)s respectively. It is speculated that the thyristors failed due to dynamic avalanche which is caused by a critical combination of peak recovery current and reverse voltage. The details of this phenomenon, the circuit configurations, device processing and gate structures and gating techniques will be described. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Hummer, CR (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-5827-9 PY 2000 BP 78 EP 80 DI 10.1109/MODSYM.2000.896169 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BR28Y UT WOS:000166025800019 ER PT B AU Podlesak, TF Tuttle, JEB Wheeler, PW Empringham, L AF Podlesak, TF Tuttle, JEB Wheeler, PW Empringham, L GP IEEE IEEE TI Matrix converter using MOS turnoff thyristors SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2000 TWENTY-FOURTH INTERNATIONAL POWER MODULATOR SYMPOSIUM, 50TH ANNIVERSARY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Power Modulator Symposium CY JUN 26-29, 2000 CL NORFOLK, VA SP DoD Advisory Grp Electron Devices, USA Res Lab, USA Res Off, USAF Res Lab, Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Sandia Natl Labs, Univ So Calif, IEEE, Electron Devices Soc AB MOS Turnoff thyristors (MTOs) have been used to form the switches in a matrix converter. The MTO is a thyristor with a standard gate for turn-on and an additional MOS gate for turnoff. The matrix converter is an AC to AC converter with no intermediate DC link, which eliminates the need for large reactive components. This reduces converter size and weight and increases reliability. The converter discussed in this paper is a three phase to single phase converter, built as an intermediate step to a three phase to three phase converter intended for four quadrant operation of motor loads, specifically a motoring dynamometer. it has been operated at hundreds of volts and tens of amperes into a passive load, as well as for demonstration on driving single phase motor loads. A key operating factor has been the discharge of accumulated electrostatic charge on the MOS gate. Failure to properly do so, which can be traced to occasional manufacturing anomalies, forces the MTO into a constant open state, preventing it from closing. The MTO is therefore a thyristor than can fail open. The impact of minimum oft time of the MTO on converter performance will be examined. The benefits of applying MTO switch technology to the matrix converter circuit will be fully explored. Auxiliary circuitry for the control of the converter also be discussed. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Podlesak, TF (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-5827-9 PY 2000 BP 107 EP 110 DI 10.1109/MODSYM.2000.896175 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BR28Y UT WOS:000166025800025 ER PT S AU Swami, A Barbarossa, S Sadler, BM AF Swami, A Barbarossa, S Sadler, BM BE Matthews, MB TI Blind source separation and signal classification SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE THIRTY-FOURTH ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS & COMPUTERS SE CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE ASILOMAR CONFERENCE ON SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems, and Computers CY OCT 29-NOV 01, 2000 CL PACIFIC GROVE, CA SP Naval Postgrad Sch, Nonterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, IEEE Signal Processing Soc AB We address the problem of classifying a digitally modulated signal received after propagation through an unknown frequency-selective channel. Channel dispersion induces inter-symbol interference or fading, which must be handled before the modulation format can be classified. Spatial diversity is exploited through the use of (possibly uncalibrated) arrays, which also provides the ability to separate cochannel signals. We use a CMA-initialized alphabet-matched equalization algorithm in conjunction with a low-complexity adaptive classifier based on fourth-order cumulants. Temporal diversity and other available side information may be exploited as well. The performance of the proposed algorithms is illustrated both vis theoretical analysis, as well as via extensive simulations. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Swami, A (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Barbarossa, Sergio/A-1574-2012; OI Barbarossa, Sergio/0000-0001-9846-8741 NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1058-6393 BN 0-7803-6514-3 J9 CONF REC ASILOMAR C PY 2000 BP 1187 EP 1191 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BS05H UT WOS:000168478400223 ER PT J AU Wolf, MK AF Wolf, MK TI Bacterial infections of the small intestine and colon SO CURRENT OPINION IN GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Review ID ENTEROAGGREGATIVE ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GUILLAIN-BARRE-SYNDROME; PATHOGENICITY ISLAND 2; III SECRETION SYSTEM; YERSINIA-ENTEROCOLITICA; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; IN-VITRO; INTRACELLULAR PATHOGENS; MOLECULAR MIMICRY; VACCINE STRAIN AB Bacterial infections of the small and large intestine are widespread and continue to be topics of active research. Surveys document the importance of diarrheal disease in many settings. Major breakthroughs in the understanding of pathogenic mechanisms (especially the interactions of bacteria and intestinal cells) continue, particularly with respect to shigella, salmonella, Yersinia species, and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, Pathogenic mechanisms of other bacteria, such as campylobacter and enteroaggregative E. coli, are not well defined. Vaccines for cholera and typhoid fever are available, and new vaccines are in various stages of development ranging from synthesis of novel constructs to large-scale field trials. Several candidate vaccines are being exploited as carriers of antigens from other pathogens. Extraintestinal complications from salmonella, shigella, campylobacter, Yersinia species, and Shiga toxin-expressing E, coli are receiving much attention, Genomic sequencing of several of these pathogens is underway. The impact of this work is hard to predict, but expectations are high. (C) 2000 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Enter Infect, DCD&I, WRAIR, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Wolf, MK (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Enter Infect, DCD&I, WRAIR, Bldg 503,Robert Grant Ave, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 147 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0267-1379 J9 CURR OPIN GASTROEN JI Curr. Opin. Gastroenterol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 16 IS 1 BP 4 EP 11 DI 10.1097/00001574-200001000-00002 PG 8 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 268KH UT WOS:000084412500002 PM 17024009 ER PT J AU Bannerji, R Byrd, JC AF Bannerji, R Byrd, JC TI Update on the biology of chronic lymphocytic leukemia SO CURRENT OPINION IN ONCOLOGY LA English DT Review ID B-CELL LEUKEMIA; P53 GENE MUTATION; V-H GENES; IN-VITRO; DRUG-RESISTANCE; DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION; CYTOGENETIC ANALYSIS; FOLLICULAR LYMPHOMA; PURINE ANALOGS; BCL-2 PROTEIN AB An understanding of the molecular biology of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) has led to the appreciation that several different B-cell diseases are represented under this name. Variability in the bcl-2 family of proteins, p53 mutation, or the presence of various chromosomal abnormalities corresponds to variability of the clinical course of disease and response to therapy. Differential expression of cell surface adhesion molecules by B-CLL cells have also been shown to influence clinical outcome, as have the expression of immune regulatory molecules (eg, CD80, CD40R, CD27 and CD79b), Recent work studying immunoglobulin-heavy chain gene rearrangement postulates at least two subsets of B-CLL originating from different stages of B-cell development and following different clinical courses. The knowledge that B-CLL is the final consequence of many different molecular perturbations may allow the development of chemotherapies, immunotherapies, and gene therapies that target the specific molecular defect in a given case of B-CLL. (C) 2000 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Hematol Oncol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Johns Hopkins Oncol Ctr, Div Hematol Malignancies, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Byrd, JC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Hematol Oncol Serv, Ward 78, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 76 TC 73 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1040-8746 J9 CURR OPIN ONCOL JI Curr. Opin. Oncol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 12 IS 1 BP 22 EP 29 DI 10.1097/00001622-200001000-00004 PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 357BP UT WOS:000089478900004 PM 10687725 ER PT B AU Webb, JW AF Webb, JW GP USCOLD USCOLD TI Reservoir operations & constraints of an aging system Muskingum Watershed, 1935-present SO DAM O&M ISSUES - THE CHALLENGE OF THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th Annual Meeting of the United-States-Committee-on-Large-Dams CY JUL 10-14, 2000 CL SEATTL, WA SP US Comm Large Dams, Ad Hoc USCOLD Joint Sub Comm O&M Issues AB The Huntington District Corps of Engineers is responsible for operating and maintaining sixteen flood control reservoirs within the Muskingum River Basin. The Muskingum River Basin, situated in the east central part of Ohio, drains 8,051 square miles which equates to 20% of the land area of the state. More than half of the drainage basin is controlled by the existing system of reservoirs most of which were constructed in the 1930's. As a result of the continuing partnering efforts between Huntington District Corps of Engineers and Muskingum Watershed Conservancy District (MWCD), several reservoir management issues have been identified. Since the development of the original Water Control Plan in 1935, changes in basin conditions and land uses have resulted in modifications to operational considerations for the reservoir system. Eight lakes are drawn down each year during the winter months at the request of MWCD. The original purpose for drawing the lakes down was environmental in nature, but an additional benefit resulted by providing approximately 5 to 29% increase in flood control storage depending on location. The flood control benefits of performing the drawdowns are obvious, but the perceived environmental consequences may outweigh the benefits. Due to a variety of changes that have occurred in the basin since the original plan was developed, there is a need to undertake a review of the official plan for the reservoir system. The review should consider the impacts of existing operational constraints throughout the basin and should determine the most appropriate mix of modifications and revisions that will address the problems. Specific evaluations should be undertaken to evaluate current flood control capability, which is the major purpose of the basin system. The public should be apprised of the impacts of potential changes and the significance of environmental and legal issues. Partnering efforts by Huntington District and MWCD are proceeding to consider those measures that can be addressed on an interim basis. This paper will present the results/requirements associated with an ongoing investigation under the authority of Section 216 of the River and Harbor Act of 1970. The Huntington District is currently preparing an initial appraisal report for a Section 216 Study that is the first step toward recommending a review of this aging system. The appraisal will assess the impact that current problems are having on effective accomplishment of authorized project purposes. C1 USA, Corps Engn, CELRH EC W, Huntington, WV 25701 USA. RP Webb, JW (reprint author), USA, Corps Engn, CELRH EC W, Huntington District,502 8th St, Huntington, WV 25701 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU US COMMITTEE LARGE DAMS PI DENVER PA 1616 SEVENTEENTH STREET, SUITE 483, DENVER, CO 80202 USA BN 1-884575-16-1 PY 2000 BP 63 EP 76 PG 14 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BU56F UT WOS:000176360100006 ER PT B AU Micetic, JS AF Micetic, JS GP USCOLD USCOLD TI Environmentally acceptable lubricants SO DAM O&M ISSUES - THE CHALLENGE OF THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th Annual Meeting of the United-States-Committee-on-Large-Dams CY JUL 10-14, 2000 CL SEATTL, WA SP US Comm Large Dams, Ad Hoc USCOLD Joint Sub Comm O&M Issues AB The Corps of Engineers (COE), the largest independent hydroelectric power producer in the nation, is making an effort to be among the leaders in environmental awareness for pollution protection. Due to the fact that hydropower and auxiliary facilities are situated on waterways, any oil leakage, accidental spill or discharge may have an impact on fish, plants, and wildlife. COE has undertaken an R&D effort whose objective is to replace mineral-oil-based lubricants currently in use, with newly developed "environmentally acceptable" (EA) lubricants, which are nontoxic and readily biodegradable. Besides meeting aquatic toxicity and aerobic aquatic biodegradability requirements, these alternative lubricants should meet other criteria such as: essential lubrication requirements for specific equipment, miscibility with existing lubricant, and compatibility with existing paint, filters, gaskets and seals. The manufacturers of EA lubes should provide certified test results. Certification should include a list of respective ASTM test methods used. A database of equipment and their lubrication requirements, and a list of EA lubricants already in use throughout COE facilities, including personnel's experience with it, is being compiled. As the result of that effort, a list of potential EA alternatives for currently used mineral-oil-based lubricants will be available on the COE Internet web page site URL. This list will help and benefit all hydropower facilities throughout the COE in selecting proper EA lubricants for their equipment. C1 USA, Hydroelect Des Ctr, Corps Engn, Portland, OR 97208 USA. RP Micetic, JS (reprint author), USA, Hydroelect Des Ctr, Corps Engn, POB 2946, Portland, OR 97208 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU US COMMITTEE LARGE DAMS PI DENVER PA 1616 SEVENTEENTH STREET, SUITE 483, DENVER, CO 80202 USA BN 1-884575-16-1 PY 2000 BP 107 EP 113 PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BU56F UT WOS:000176360100009 ER PT B AU Halstead, K Werth, D AF Halstead, K Werth, D GP USCOLD USCOLD TI Drift & debris management at Bluestone lake SO DAM O&M ISSUES - THE CHALLENGE OF THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th Annual Meeting of the United-States-Committee-on-Large-Dams CY JUL 10-14, 2000 CL SEATTL, WA SP US Comm Large Dams, Ad Hoc USCOLD Joint Sub Comm O&M Issues AB The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Huntington District (USACE) operates and maintains Bluestone Dam, located on the New River in West Virginia. During large storm events, up to 30 acres of drift and debris accumulates at the dam. Currently, project facilities do not exist whereby drift and debris can be passed during detention and release of flood waters. Thus, operations personnel must lower the reservoir pool to the low-level outlets and feed the drift through the outlets manually. Even then, the drift can only be passed effectively within a very narrow range of pool elevations. The USACE has studied an array of alternatives to handle the drift and debris problem, and proposes to construct a selective withdrawal tower that can be used to pass drift through the dam over the entire range of pool elevations. Due to the unique nature of the problem and the fact that no similar projects exist to provide design guidelines, the USACE contracted ENSR to perform physical hydraulic modeling to aid in the design of the structure and to assure that it will function as intended. This paper will present the study alternatives, the unique physical, political, and social/economic constraints that were required to be addressed, and the plan formulation process that led to the selection of the proposed structure. The paper also describes how a physical hydraulic model study was used in the design process to both verify and optimize the performance of the drift passage tower, transitions and conveyance structure. C1 USA, Corps Engn, Huntington, WV 25701 USA. RP Halstead, K (reprint author), USA, Corps Engn, Huntington District,502 8th St, Huntington, WV 25701 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU US COMMITTEE LARGE DAMS PI DENVER PA 1616 SEVENTEENTH STREET, SUITE 483, DENVER, CO 80202 USA BN 1-884575-16-1 PY 2000 BP 115 EP 126 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BU56F UT WOS:000176360100010 ER PT B AU Beitelman, AD AF Beitelman, AD GP USCOLD USCOLD TI Coatings for use on damp or wet steel surfaces SO DAM O&M ISSUES - THE CHALLENGE OF THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th Annual Meeting of the United-States-Committee-on-Large-Dams CY JUL 10-14, 2000 CL SEATTL, WA SP US Comm Large Dams, Ad Hoc USCOLD Joint Sub Comm O&M Issues AB The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers maintains many steel structures that are under conditions of constant condensation. Many of these structures are located inside locks and dams. They include gates, reservoir outlets and their gate recesses, piping systems inside dams, and valves on locks that are difficult to remove from their recesses. These surfaces can normally be blast-cleaned to a white metal grade, but condensation and/or spray from leaking seals causes the surface to immediately become too wet for the application of many coatings. Recent developments in the coatings industry have produced coatings that are advertised to be capable of providing acceptable adhesion to damp and wet steel and to provide a high level of corrosion protection. Some are two-component epoxies formulated to displace the water from the surface. Others are moisture-cure urethanes that can use small amounts of surface moisture to chemically cure the coating. Also, waterborne vinyl acrylics are available that can be applied to a damp surface and form a coating with low moisture permeability. A laboratory study of these coatings was performed to determine which ones may be best for civil works structures. After the study several of the coatings were tested on intake structures in the field to determine application properties and performance. C1 Paint Technol Ctr, US Army Construct Engn Res Lab, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. RP Beitelman, AD (reprint author), Paint Technol Ctr, US Army Construct Engn Res Lab, POB 9005, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US COMMITTEE LARGE DAMS PI DENVER PA 1616 SEVENTEENTH STREET, SUITE 483, DENVER, CO 80202 USA BN 1-884575-16-1 PY 2000 BP 145 EP 155 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BU56F UT WOS:000176360100012 ER PT B AU Plumer, T Hardin, KO AF Plumer, T Hardin, KO GP USCOLD USCOLD TI Implementing data acquisition, storage, and retrieval technologies in dam safety practice SO DAM O&M ISSUES - THE CHALLENGE OF THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th Annual Meeting of the United-States-Committee-on-Large-Dams CY JUL 10-14, 2000 CL SEATTL, WA SP US Comm Large Dams, Ad Hoc USCOLD Joint Sub Comm O&M Issues AB In recent years, the development of World Wide Web (WWW) and data warehouse concepts has spurred many new engineering applications. This discussion focuses on the implementation of an Intranet web application for data entry and data validation, and describes many of the system's components for generating engineering reports and graphs. This Intranet system also includes a process for updating seven dam sites using an automated data acquisition system to transmit data from hydraulic instruments without user intervention. This paper describes the system developed by, and customized for, the Huntington District, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. C1 US Army Corps Engn, Dam Safety Sect, Huntington, WV USA. RP Plumer, T (reprint author), US Army Corps Engn, Dam Safety Sect, Huntington District, Huntington, WV USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US COMMITTEE LARGE DAMS PI DENVER PA 1616 SEVENTEENTH STREET, SUITE 483, DENVER, CO 80202 USA BN 1-884575-16-1 PY 2000 BP 171 EP 186 PG 16 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BU56F UT WOS:000176360100014 ER PT B AU Hovell, JR Holden, L Sing, E Yip, JH AF Hovell, JR Holden, L Sing, E Yip, JH GP USCOLD USCOLD TI Quality management in the periodic inspection process SO DAM O&M ISSUES - THE CHALLENGE OF THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th Annual Meeting of the United-States-Committee-on-Large-Dams CY JUL 10-14, 2000 CL SEATTL, WA SP US Comm Large Dams, Ad Hoc USCOLD Joint Sub Comm O&M Issues AB The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), South Pacific Division, has responsibility for Dam Safety for Corps, dams in Arizona, California, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah and parts of Colorado. In recent years, the USACE has moved from multi-level reviews and approvals of engineering products to delegation of authority to the applicable District office, which prepares and approves the product. The South Pacific Division has developed quality management procedures to improve the technical quality of its engineering products while empowering the district to prepare, review and approve their work. This paper examines the application of quality management procedures in the periodic inspection process. Quality assurance and its relationship to International Standards Organization (ISO) are discussed as are the use of quality control plans and independent technical reviews. The contrast to the previous procedure of submission of a draft report to a hierarchical office for review and approval is discussed. The advantages and disadvantages of these new procedures are examined and the applicability to other organizations explored. C1 USA, Corps Engn, S Pacific Div, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. RP Hovell, JR (reprint author), USA, Corps Engn, S Pacific Div, 333 Market St, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US COMMITTEE LARGE DAMS PI DENVER PA 1616 SEVENTEENTH STREET, SUITE 483, DENVER, CO 80202 USA BN 1-884575-16-1 PY 2000 BP 357 EP 369 PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BU56F UT WOS:000176360100026 ER PT B AU Henn, KE Hornbeck, ST Davis, LC AF Henn, KE Hornbeck, ST Davis, LC GP USCOLD USCOLD TI Mississinewa Dam settlement investigation and remediation SO DAM O&M ISSUES - THE CHALLENGE OF THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th Annual Meeting of the United-States-Committee-on-Large-Dams CY JUL 10-14, 2000 CL SEATTL, WA SP US Comm Large Dams, Ad Hoc USCOLD Joint Sub Comm O&M Issues AB Mississinewa Dam was constructed during the mid-1960s. During that time, the left abutment construction included an impervious cut-off trench into competent limestone, with dental treatment of several large solution channels. The right abutment, however, was founded on glacial outwash materials overlying limestone. The glacial sands and gravels were never removed, leaving unknown bedrock conditions untreated. Prior to completion, the project was placed into emergency operation in 1966, during which a boil carrying embankment material formed on the downstream toe of the right abutment. Remedial grouting was ineffective, but relief wells and filtered toe drains appeared to have been effective. By 1974 the embankment had completed its post-construction consolidation of approximately 0.3 feet. In 1988, project personnel noticed an anomalous "low spot" in the guardrail on the crest of the dam. Re-evaluation of the data from the surface displacement monuments confirmed that 400 feet of the darn was continuing to settle about 0.035 foot-per-year. The crest elevation in the settlement zone is currently 0.6 feet lower than the rest of the dam and continues to settle, causing two slope inclinometers to fail compressionaly. Due to recent rock core recoveries, including clay-filled voids, open voids, and verification of a clay-filled solution feature in the area of settlement, it is apparent that the foundational sands and gravels are migrating into the bedrock defects. Proposed remediation of the right abutment, involving a 2600 foot cutoff wall, is being initiated to correct the foundation defects on the right abutment and stop further embankment deterioration. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Geotech & Dam Safety Sect, Louisville, KY 40201 USA. RP Henn, KE (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Geotech & Dam Safety Sect, Louisville Dist,600 Dr Martin Luther King Jr Pl, Louisville, KY 40201 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU US COMMITTEE LARGE DAMS PI DENVER PA 1616 SEVENTEENTH STREET, SUITE 483, DENVER, CO 80202 USA BN 1-884575-16-1 PY 2000 BP 415 EP 436 PG 22 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BU56F UT WOS:000176360100030 ER PT B AU Klaus, MK Woerner, PE Woerner, EG AF Klaus, MK Woerner, PE Woerner, EG GP USCOLD USCOLD TI Installation of relief wells at Grenada Lake Outlet Structure Grenada, Mississippi SO DAM O&M ISSUES - THE CHALLENGE OF THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th Annual Meeting of the United-States-Committee-on-Large-Dams CY JUL 10-14, 2000 CL SEATTL, WA SP US Comm Large Dams, Ad Hoc USCOLD Joint Sub Comm O&M Issues AB Grenada Lake, located in northwestern Mississippi approximately three miles northeast of Grenada, Mississippi, on the Yalobusha River, is one of four flood control dams in the Yazoo River Basin. The project consists of a rolled earth fill dam, outlet works and emergency spillway. The outlet works consists of an approach channel, intake structure, a single barrel concrete conduit, stilling basin and outlet channel. The outlet structure is founded on shale of the Basic City Formation, which overlies sand of the Meridian Formation. The Meridian Formation in this area is characterized by high seepage pressures, which have been relieved at the outlet structure by six gravity flowing relief wells installed in 1972. These wells replaced the original relief well system, which had become clogged by iron related bacteria. The efficiency of the 1972 wells declined increasingly during the mid 1990's requiring more frequent rehabilitation efforts. The efficiency of the relief wells rapidly declined in July 1998, prompting the installation of pumps in two wells to provide supplemental relief until additional wells could be installed. Eight wells were installed during September to October 1998, using the reverse circulation drilling method. Discharge laterals were installed from the wells to the outlet basin by drilling through the 4-foot thick basin walls and welding the lateral pipe to the riser of the wells. To prevent the substantial effort and cost of braced excavations to install the laterals, 60-inch diameter casings were installed vertically adjacent to the well risers to function as manholes for welding the connections of the laterals to the risers. This unique use of the casings saved considerable design and construction costs required for braced excavation. The background of the bacterial clogging problems, piezometric pressure and well flow monitoring, together with the new well design, specifications, and installation will be covered in this paper. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Klaus, MK (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Vicksburg Dist,4155 Clay St, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU US COMMITTEE LARGE DAMS PI DENVER PA 1616 SEVENTEENTH STREET, SUITE 483, DENVER, CO 80202 USA BN 1-884575-16-1 PY 2000 BP 693 EP 706 PG 14 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BU56F UT WOS:000176360100045 ER PT B AU Schmidt, T AF Schmidt, T GP USCOLD USCOLD TI Dam safety program performance measures version 4 SO DAM O&M ISSUES - THE CHALLENGE OF THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th Annual Meeting of the United-States-Committee-on-Large-Dams CY JUL 10-14, 2000 CL SEATTL, WA SP US Comm Large Dams, Ad Hoc USCOLD Joint Sub Comm O&M Issues C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Engn & Tech Serv Directorate, SW Div, Dallas, TX USA. RP Schmidt, T (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Engn & Tech Serv Directorate, SW Div, Dallas, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US COMMITTEE LARGE DAMS PI DENVER PA 1616 SEVENTEENTH STREET, SUITE 483, DENVER, CO 80202 USA BN 1-884575-16-1 PY 2000 BP 759 EP 774 PG 16 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BU56F UT WOS:000176360100049 ER PT B AU Stewart, HW AF Stewart, HW GP USCOLD USCOLD TI Emergency rehabilitation of sector gate guide rollers at the Chicago River Lock SO DAM O&M ISSUES - THE CHALLENGE OF THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th Annual Meeting of the United-States-Committee-on-Large-Dams CY JUL 10-14, 2000 CL SEATTL, WA SP US Comm Large Dams, Ad Hoc USCOLD Joint Sub Comm O&M Issues AB The Chicago River Lock, located at the mouth of the Chicago River, was built in 1936 by the Metropolitan Water Reclamation District (MWRD) acting for the City of Chicago. The lock is part of the nation's most renowned engineering accomplishments, namely, "The Reversal of the Flow of the Chicago River". Although not part of the mechanism for reversing the flow of the river, the lock is required to regulate the pool and the normally two-foot differential between Lake Michigan and Lockport Lock. The lock became operable in September 1938, and was maintained and operated by MWRD. In 1984, the Assistant Secretary of the Army for Civil Works and the MWRD entered into a Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) wherein the Department of the Army, acting through the Chicago District, Corps of Engineers, took over direct responsibility of operations and maintenance of the lock complex, while MWRD retains ownership of the Chicago River lock. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Great Lakes & Ohio River Div, Engn & Water Management Div, Chicago, IL 60606 USA. RP Stewart, HW (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Great Lakes & Ohio River Div, Engn & Water Management Div, 111 N Canal St, Chicago, IL 60606 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US COMMITTEE LARGE DAMS PI DENVER PA 1616 SEVENTEENTH STREET, SUITE 483, DENVER, CO 80202 USA BN 1-884575-16-1 PY 2000 BP 791 EP 797 PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BU56F UT WOS:000176360100051 ER PT S AU Godfrey, TA Rossettos, JN AF Godfrey, TA Rossettos, JN BE Selvadurai, APS Brebbia, CA TI Analysis of damage tolerance to tear propagation in stressed structural fabrics SO DAMAGE AND FRACTURE MECHANICS VI: COMPUTER AIDED ASSESSMENT AND CONTROL SE STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Damage and Fracture Mechanics CY MAY 22-24, 2000 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Wessex Inst Technol, McGill Univ ID PLAIN WEAVE FABRICS AB A simple micromechanical model is used to study the onset of tear propagation at slit-like damage sites (i.e., a series of consecutive aligned yam breaks) in biaxially stressed plain weave fabrics under increasing load. The method of treating the frictional slip of yarns near the damage site is critical to the success of the model. Although the actual configuration of slipping regions and rotation of yarns is complex, the onset of tear propagation in large slits (i.e., more than say 35 breaks) is dominated by slip occurring on the first few intact yarns adjacent to the breaks. Analytical results, relating the stress concentration in the intact yam adjacent to the yam break at the slit tip, versus the critical applied load at the onset of tear propagation exhibit good agreement with experimental results for a variety of fabrics with initial slits of 35 and 45 breaks. A parameter, (p) over cap (u), that evolves from the work can provide a measure of damage tolerance for a class of such fabrics. C1 USA, Soldier Syst Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Godfrey, TA (reprint author), USA, Soldier Syst Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU WIT PRESS PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON SO40 7AA, ASHURST, ENGLAND SN 1462-6055 BN 1-85312-812-0 J9 STRUCT MAT PY 2000 VL 6 BP 149 EP 158 PG 10 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA BQ89E UT WOS:000089940600015 ER PT S AU Litt, J Simon, DL Meyer, C DePold, H Curtiss, JR Winston, H Wang, Y Statler, I Gawdiak, Y AF Litt, J Simon, DL Meyer, C DePold, H Curtiss, JR Winston, H Wang, Y Statler, I Gawdiak, Y BE Dasarathy, BV TI NASA Aviation Safety Program Aircraft Engine Health Management Data Mining Tools roadmap SO DATA MINING AND KNOWLEDGE DISCOVERY: THEORY, TOOLS, AND TECHNOLOGY II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery - Theory, Tools, and Technology II CY APR 24-25, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE NASA Aviation Safety Program; data mining; engine maintenance AB Aircraft Engine Health Management Data Mining Tools is a project led by NASA Glenn Research Center in support of the NASA Aviation Safety Program's Aviation System Monitoring and Modeling Thrust. The objective of the Glenn-led effort is to develop enhanced aircraft engine health management prognostic and diagnostic methods through the application of data mining technologies to operational data and maintenance records. This will lead to the improved safety of air transportation, optimized scheduling of engine maintenance, and optimization of engine usage. This paper presents a roadmap for achieving these goals. C1 USA, Res Lab, Vehicle Technol Directorate, John H Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Litt, J (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Vehicle Technol Directorate, John H Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3683-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4057 BP 292 EP 298 DI 10.1117/12.381744 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BQ36J UT WOS:000088122800032 ER PT J AU Schmidt, NB Lerew, DR Santiago, H Trakowski, JH Staab, JP AF Schmidt, NB Lerew, DR Santiago, H Trakowski, JH Staab, JP TI Effects of heart-rate feedback on estimated cardiovascular fitness in patients with panic disorder SO DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY LA English DT Article DE panic disorder; cardiovascular; physical fitness; anxiety; exercise ID 35-PERCENT CO2 CHALLENGE; ANXIETY DISORDERS; RATE-VARIABILITY; PHOBIC ANXIETY; EXERCISE; SENSITIVITY; DISEASE; RISK; DEPRESSION; MORTALITY AB Psychological parameters that are believed to affect estimations of cardiovascular fitness were examined in patients with panic disorder and nonclinical controls. Fifty-four participants [panic disorder patients (n = 27) and age- and sex-matched nonclinical controls (n = 27)] completed a cycle ergometer test and were compared on the basis of estimated VO2max. Participants were randomly assigned to experimental conditions in which they received heart-rate feedback or no feedback during the test. Patients with Panic disorder exhibited lower VO2max and decreased exercise tolerance (i.e., were more likely to discontinue tbe test) than? nonclinical controls. Furthermore, individuals with high anxiety sensitivity (i.e., a fear of autonomic arousal), hat not a Panic disorder diagnosis per se, achieved significantly lower VO2max when provided with heart-rate feedback. Moreover, diagnostic status interacted with levels of anxiety sensitivity to pi-edict VO2max. Patients with panic disorder display poorer cardiovascular fitness after controlling for anxiety and other-factors that underestimate performance during fitness testing. (C) 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Psychol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USAF Acad, Dept Leadership & Behav Sci, Colorado Springs, CO USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med & Clin Psychol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Psychol, Silver Spring, MD USA. Univ Florida, Dept Psychiat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Schmidt, NB (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Psychiat, 245 Townshend Hall, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RI Staab, Jeffrey/B-8792-2015 OI Staab, Jeffrey/0000-0002-1516-3131 NR 38 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1091-4269 J9 DEPRESS ANXIETY JI Depress. Anxiety PY 2000 VL 12 IS 2 BP 59 EP 66 DI 10.1002/1520-6394(2000)12:2<59::AID-DA1>3.0.CO;2-G PG 8 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA 365JD UT WOS:000089947400001 PM 11091928 ER PT S AU Ferguson, G Vause, NL Mermagen, T Letowski, T AF Ferguson, G Vause, NL Mermagen, T Letowski, T BE Dubey, AC Harvey, JF Broach, JT Dugan, RE TI Auditory signals for enhanced operator performance with hand-held mine detectors SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS V, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets V CY APR 24-28, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE ID COMPLEX AB Selection of temporal and spectral properties of the auditory signal directly affects the listener ability to detect and recognize the signal. A properly designed auditory signal for mine detection operations should be resistant to predominantly low frequency environmental masking noises and easily heard by most users, many of whom suffer from high-frequency noise-induced hearing loss. In fact, high frequency hearing loss caused by noise exposure is the most common occupational illness in DOD as well as the USA. Regrettably, many current hand-held mine detection systems use a high-frequency pure tone or a highly-unbalanced high-pitch complex tone to alert the user to the presence of an object buried in the ground. inability to hear the auditory signal or even small variations of the auditory signal can result in an operator failing to detect a mine, a potentially fatal operator error. Unfortunately, proper engineering of the auditory signal is not as simple as selecting another lower frequency pure tone and the use of complex stimuli may be needed. The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in detectability of a specific auditory stimulus (f(o)=500 Hz) as a function of the number of components (n square6) added to the basic signal. Obtained data provide support to the doctrine that mine detector warning signals should be complex signals expanding over several octaves. C1 USA, Res Lab, Human Res & Engn Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Ferguson, G (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Human Res & Engn Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3664-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4038 BP 130 EP 135 DI 10.1117/12.396239 PN 1&2 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Optics; Physics; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BR61M UT WOS:000166957700013 ER PT S AU Albert, M Cragin, J Leggett, D AF Albert, M Cragin, J Leggett, D BE Dubey, AC Harvey, JF Broach, JT Dugan, RE TI Measurements and modeling of explosive vapor diffusion in snow SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS V, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets V CY APR 24-28, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE vapor transport; explosives; UXO; diffusion; modeling; snow AB The detection of buried mines is important to both for humanitarian and military strategic de-mining both at home and abroad and recent efforts in chemical detection show promise for definitive identification of buried mines. The impact of weather has a large effect on the fate and transport of the explosives vapor that these systems sense. In many areas of military conflict and at Army military training grounds in cold regions, winter weather affects military operations for many months of the year. In cold regions, the presence of freezing ground or a snow cover may provide increased temporary storage of the explosive, potentially leading to opportunities for more optimal sensing conditions later. This paper discusses the results of a controlled laboratory experiment to investigate explosives diffusion through snow, quantitative microscopy measurements of the snow microstructure including specific surface, and verifications of our transport model using this data In experiments measuring 1,3-DNB, 2,4-DNT and 2,4,6-TNT we determined an effective diffusion coefficient of 1.5x(10-6) cm(2)/s from measurements through isothermal (-4 C) sieved snow with equivalent sphere radius of 0.11 mm. Adsorption is a major factor in diffusive transport of these explosives through snow. The data was used to verify our finite element model of explosives transport. Measurements and model results show close agreement. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Albert, M (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3664-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4038 BP 489 EP 495 DI 10.1117/12.396275 PN 1&2 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Optics; Physics; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BR61M UT WOS:000166957700047 ER PT S AU Scanlon, MV AF Scanlon, MV BE Dubey, AC Harvey, JF Broach, JT Dugan, RE TI Acoustic mine detection coupling method using a liquid-filled roller array. SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS V, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets V CY APR 24-28, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE acoustic; sensor; liquid; coupling; landmine; detection; sound; array; impedance; matching AB This acoustic mine detection system uses an acoustic array of hydrophones embedded within a unique fluid-coupling structure that deforms to the ground contours and has an acoustic impedance comparable to that of the ground to facilitate energy transfer and eliminate losses at the air ground interface. Broadband and impulsive acoustic array techniques are used to localize buried objects and interpret the buried object's surrounding. The goal of this system is a low-cost, hand-held mine detector that rolls or slides across the ground, suitable for a soldier to inspect and clear a two-foot wide path. The array contains sensors and sound sources, which send out various acoustic waveforms and analyzes the returning echoes and emissions to determine if an object buried below the surface has affected the propagating sound. The sensors on the array remain in a fixed linear geometry hovering over the ground to facilitate beamforming while eliminating the huge losses associated with coupling airborne sounds to the ground. Reflections at material discontinuities, as well as mine shape, materials, and depth contribute to the variations of the induced and resultant sound field. Preliminary data is presented that shows detections of underground objects, and a discussion of future efforts, to include further processing of the data introduced in this report. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL SE SA, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Scanlon, MV (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL SE SA, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3664-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4038 BP 700 EP 710 DI 10.1117/12.396298 PN 1&2 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Optics; Physics; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BR61M UT WOS:000166957700069 ER PT S AU Sindoni, OI Cohoon, D AF Sindoni, OI Cohoon, D BE Dubey, AC Harvey, JF Broach, JT Dugan, RE TI A novel inversion method for land mine imaging and detection SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS V, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets V CY APR 24-28, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE ID PHOTON DENSITY WAVES; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SCATTERING; SPHERE; TISSUE AB We have developed, using both partial differential equation approaches and integral equation formulations, a precise method to invert acoustic or electromagnetic scattering data from macroscopic concealed objects. Our approach makes use, of the ideas associated with our exact solution of partial differential equations as described in our paper [JOSA A, Volume 13, Number 6, 1996] where we were able to collapse the number of equations by elimination of transcendentals therefore preserving the absolute mathematical precision inherent in the partial differential equation formulation. Our mathematical method, as a consequence, has not encountered the traditional loss of precision when inverting the scattered data. The unrestricted wavelength range allows us to penetrate any material which may surround the object and differentiate between the object and the media. For this reason we have applied our inversion scheme to landmine detection as we can penetrate and differentiate under both wet and dry conditions. Also, we are able to account, under certain conditions, for dielectric nonlinearities of material in the concealed object. Therefore, we are able to build in density dependent false colors a 3 dimensional grid representative of both the media and of the embedded object including the internal structure of the object. We have surveyed the literature on the subject of recovery of physical location of concealed objects (medical imaging, industrial non-destructive testing, military applications such as land mine detection, et etcetera) and we have found that most of the present applications have shortcomings due to the physical changes that are present in the, surrounding media or the, discontinuities of physical properties of the media. For all the above reasons we believe that we may have the most, versatile and mathematically precise approach to the solution of this problem. C1 USA, ECBC, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Sindoni, OI (reprint author), USA, ECBC, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3664-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4038 BP 769 EP 780 DI 10.1117/12.396306 PN 1&2 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Optics; Physics; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BR61M UT WOS:000166957700077 ER PT S AU Trang, AH AF Trang, AH BE Dubey, AC Harvey, JF Broach, JT Dugan, RE TI Extended Kalman filtering and fixed interval smoothing for the vehicular mounted mine/UXO detector system SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS V, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets V CY APR 24-28, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE mine and UXO detection; extended Kalman filtering; fixed-interval smoothing AB A Differential Global Position System (DGPS) is one of the capabilities that has been used in Countermine testing and operation by the vehicular mounted mine detector (VMMD) system to record the locations of the detected mines. During the system's data acquisition, the DGPS may incur the measurement errors due to measurement noises and other sources of inaccuracy that result in mis-positioning of the detected mines. The position errors, however, could be reduced if the Kalman filtering algorithm is implemented in the system. To optimally reduce these errors, the feued-interval smoother could also be used if a small interval of processing time is allowed during the countermine testing or operation via the use of standoff radar or the forward looking infrared sensor. These improvements will enhance ground registration of the candidate mines. Thus, data of the same mine that have been collected from multiple sensors or from the multiple looks by a single sensor can be associated correctly. The correct data association will provide better data fusion that improves the probability of detection and the false alarm rate. Kalman filtering and fixed-interval smoothing algorithms are developed and implemented, and the results of their applications to real test data are presented. C1 USA, CECOM, REDEC, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Trang, AH (reprint author), USA, CECOM, REDEC, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, 10221 Burbeck Rd,Ste 430, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3664-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4038 BP 929 EP 940 DI 10.1117/12.396177 PN 1&2 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Optics; Physics; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BR61M UT WOS:000166957700092 ER PT S AU Koh, G AF Koh, G BE Dubey, AC Harvey, JF Broach, JT Dugan, RE TI Ultra-wideband FMCW radar for detection of anti-personnel mines buried at shallow depth SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS V, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets V CY APR 24-28, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE FMCW radar; mine detection; AP mines; clutter rejection AB An ultra-wideband (2-12 GHz bandwidth) frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar was used to detect plastic anti-personnel (AP) mines. The study was conducted using AP mines (6-cm, 9-cm, and 12-cm diameter) that were flush buried in a test bed prepared from crushed gravel. The ultra-wideband radar resolved the signals reflected from the top and bottom surfaces of the AP mines. Tt was not possible to detect these mines using the surface reflection as a detection threshold because of the high ground clutter. However, the ability to detect these mines improved greatly when the sub-surface reflections were used as a detection threshold. The study demonstrated that an ultra-wideband FMCW radar can be used to reject the ground clutter and to detect the AP mines buried at shallow depth. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Koh, G (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3664-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4038 BP 976 EP 982 DI 10.1117/12.396181 PN 1&2 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Optics; Physics; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BR61M UT WOS:000166957700096 ER PT S AU Sullivan, A Damarla, TR Geng, N Dong, YT Carin, L AF Sullivan, A Damarla, TR Geng, N Dong, YT Carin, L BE Dubey, AC Harvey, JF Broach, JT Dugan, RE TI Detection of above ground and subsurface unexploded ordnance using ultra-wideband (UWB) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and electromagnetic modeling tools SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS V, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets V CY APR 24-28, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE synthetic aperture radar; method of moments; physical optics ID ARBITRARY SHAPE; SCATTERING; BAND; SURFACES AB Recent development of wideband, high-resolution synthetic aperture radar (SAR) technology has shown that detecting buried targets over large open areas may be possible. Ground clutter and soil type are two limiting factors influencing the practicality of using wideband SAR for wide-area target detection. In particular, the presence of strong ground clutter because of the unevenness, roughness, or inconsistency of the soil itself may limit the radar's capability to resolve the target from the clutter. Likewise, the soil material properties can also play a major role. The incident wave may experience significant attenuation as the wave penetrates lossy soil. In an attempt to more fully characterize this problem, fully polarimetric ultra-wideband (50-1200 MHz) measurements have been taken by the U.S. Army Research Laboratory's SAR (BoomSAR) at test sites in Yuma, Arizona, and Eglin Air Force Base, Florida. SAR images have been generated for above-ground and subsurface unexploded ordnance (UXO) targets, including 155-mm shells. Additionally, a full-wave method of moments (MoM) model has been developed for the electromagnetic scattering from these same targets, accounting for the lossy nature and frequency dependency of the various soils. An approximate model based on physical optics (PO) has also been developed. The efficacy of using PO in lieu of the MoM to generate the electromagnetic scattering data is examined. We compare SAR images from the measured data with images produced by the MoM ("exact") and PO (approximate) simulations by using a standard back-projection technique. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Sullivan, A (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3664-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4038 BP 983 EP 992 DI 10.1117/12.396182 PN 1&2 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Optics; Physics; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BR61M UT WOS:000166957700097 ER PT S AU Kapoor, R Ressler, M Smith, G AF Kapoor, R Ressler, M Smith, G BE Dubey, AC Harvey, JF Broach, JT Dugan, RE TI Forward-looking mine detection using an ultra-wideband radar SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS V, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets V CY APR 24-28, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE mine detection; forward imaging; wide band radar AB In this paper, we investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of using forward-imaging ultra-wideband radar technology for vehicular-based mine detection. A synthetic aperture is formed by moving the radar from side to side while the vehicle moves forward. In addition, the changing depression angle to the image area from the forward motion of the radar allows for depth resolution. Consequently, we generate 3-D images of buried mines using a backprojection approach and a method-of-moments technique to model the backscatter from buried M20 mines. We developed software to simulate different imaging scenarios in order to define system limitations and optimize parameter values. For example, we generate imagery using different radar paths (i.e., apertures), and determine the effects of side-to-side sweep rate and vehicle speed on 3-D resolution and overall system performance. Simulation results will be presented along with system design recommendations. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Kapoor, R (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3664-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4038 BP 1067 EP 1076 DI 10.1117/12.396192 PN 1&2 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Optics; Physics; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BR61M UT WOS:000166957700106 ER PT S AU Watts, TM Cornell, D Harris, D AF Watts, TM Cornell, D Harris, D BE Dubey, AC Harvey, JF Broach, JT Dugan, RE TI Mine Hunter/Killer Advanced Technology Demonstrator SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS V, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets V CY APR 24-28, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE overpass; detection; false alarm; sensor fusion; target tracking; target halo; neutralization; integration; mines; route clearance; remote control AB The Mine Hunter / Killer Advanced Technology Demonstrator (MH/K ATD) is a U.S. Army program that will demonstrate the current capabilities of technologies for a route clearance mission, The first part of the paper will focus on the Warfighter requirements and the utility of the MH/K ATD to the GSTAMIDS Block 1 program. Then, the critical parameters of rate of advance, probability of detection, false alarm rate, probability of kill, and time to neutralize will be discussed The development of advanced mull-sensor data fusion techniques will be covered here. Next, system integration will be discussed, centering on the challenges of vehicle interface, teleoperation, mine overpass capability, accurate target location and backing, and autonomous control, including an automated neutralizer delivery mechanism. Issues for transitioning the MH/K technologies and capabilities to the GSTAMIDS Block 1 program will be discussed. C1 USA, CECOM, NVESD, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Watts, TM (reprint author), USA, CECOM, NVESD, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 3 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3664-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4038 BP 1194 EP 1203 DI 10.1117/12.396204 PN 1&2 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Optics; Physics; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BR61M UT WOS:000166957700118 ER PT S AU Bishop, S Campana, SB Lang, DA Wiggins, C AF Bishop, S Campana, SB Lang, DA Wiggins, C BE Dubey, AC Harvey, JF Broach, JT Dugan, RE TI Close-in detection system for the Mine Hunter/Killer program SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS V, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets V CY APR 24-28, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE mine detection; multisensor; vehicle-mounted; data fusion AB The Close-In Detection (CID) System is the vehicle-mounted multisensor landmine detection system for the Army CECOM Night Vision Electronic Sensors Directorate (NVESD) Mine Hunter/Killer (MH/K) Program. The CID System is being developed by BAE Systems in San Diego, CA. TRW Systems and Information Technology Group (S&ITG) in Arlington, VA and a team of specialists from ERIM, E-OIR, SNL, and APL/JHU support NVESD in the development, analysis, and testing of the CID and associated signal and data processing. The CID System includes two down-looking sensor arrays: a ground-penetrating radar (GPR) array, and a set of Electro-Magnetic Induction (EMT) coils for metal detection. These arrays span a 3-meter wide swath in front of a high mobility, multipurpose wheeled vehicle (HMM/WV). The system also includes a forward looking infrared (FLIR) imaging system mounted on the roof of the vehicle and covering a swath of the road ahead of the vehicle. Signals from each sensor are processed separately to detect and localize objects of interest. Features of candidate objects are integrated in a processor that uses them to discriminates between anti-tank (AT) mines and clutter. Mine locations are passed to the neutralization subsystem of MH/K. This paper reviews the design of the sensors and signal processing of the CID system and gives examples and analysis of recent test results at the NVESD mine lanes. The strengths and weaknesses of each sensor are discussed, and the application of multisensor fusion is illustrated. C1 USA, CECOM, NVESD, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Bishop, S (reprint author), USA, CECOM, NVESD, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3664-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4038 BP 1204 EP 1213 DI 10.1117/12.396205 PN 1&2 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Optics; Physics; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BR61M UT WOS:000166957700119 ER PT S AU Cole, TM AF Cole, TM BE IbarraBerastegi, G Brebbia, CA Zannetti, P TI Reservoir thermal modeling using CE-QUAL-W2 SO DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF COMPUTER TECHNIQUES TO ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES VIII SE ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Development and Application of Computer Techniques to Environmental Studies CY JUN 28-30, 2000 CL BILBAO, SPAIN SP Wessex Inst Technol, Univ Basque Country AB CE-QUAL-W2 is a two-dimensional, longitudinal/vertical hydrodynamic and water quality model that has been applied to over 200 rivers, lakes, reservoirs, and estuaries during the last two decades. Results for 68 reservoir temperature simulations in the US and throughout the world using CE-QUAL-W2 are summarized. The simulations cover a total of 144 calibration years. The reservoirs encompass a variety of residence times, terrains, and reservoir operational procedures including navigation, irrigation, peaking-hydropower, water supply, and once-through cooling facilities. Results show that the model is capable of reproducing a variety of reservoir thermal regimes with minimum adjustment of hydrodynamic/temperature calibration parameters. The only parameter adjusted for these reservoirs was the wind-sheltering coefficient used to translate wind speeds from distant meteorological sites to the reservoir surface. C1 USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Waterways Expt Stn, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Cole, TM (reprint author), USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Waterways Expt Stn, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU WIT PRESS PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON SO40 7AA, ASHURST, ENGLAND SN 1462-6098 BN 1-85312-819-8 J9 ENVIRON ST PY 2000 VL 4 BP 237 EP 246 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BR50T UT WOS:000166688800023 ER PT J AU Chen, JQ Freitas, JA Meeker, DL AF Chen, JQ Freitas, JA Meeker, DL TI Optical characterization of amorphous hydrogenated carbon films SO DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE amorphous carbon; characterization; hydrogenation; optics ID DIAMOND-LIKE CARBON; A-C-H; THIN-FILMS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; SPECTROSCOPY; LUMINESCENCE AB Photoluminescence, Raman scattering, and infrared absorption spectroscopies were employed to study the properties of a-C:H thin films deposited under constant pressure conditions. The films examined in the present work were prepared with and without the presence of nitrogen in the deposition process gases. Low temperature photoluminescence spectra revealed new emission bands at 564 nm and 637 nm for the nitrogen doped films. Three Raman scattering lines are observed in the nitrogen doped and annealed films. The Raman scattering spectra of the annealed films suggest the presence of microcrystalline graphite inclusions in the bulk of the film. Additional infrared absorption data support the Raman results. These observations agree with the proposed cluster model of a-C:H films consisting of sp(2) and sp(3) beading structures. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Phys, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. USN, Res Lab, ESTD Elect Mat Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Chen, JQ (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Phys, POB 830688, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. NR 20 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-9635 J9 DIAM RELAT MATER JI Diam. Relat. Mat. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 9 IS 1 BP 48 EP 55 DI 10.1016/S0925-9635(99)00187-9 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 283UT UT WOS:000085295000008 ER PT J AU Anderson, CA Sawyer, MAJ Cordts, PA Cordts, PR Demaioribus, CA Nauschuetz, KN AF Anderson, CA Sawyer, MAJ Cordts, PA Cordts, PR Demaioribus, CA Nauschuetz, KN TI Seromuscular enteric pedicles and prosthetic aortic graft complications in a porcine abdominal trauma model - An experimental study SO DIGESTIVE SURGERY LA English DT Article DE trauma; aorta; vascular; pedicles; seromuscular; enteric; complications; graft; prosthetic ID VASCULAR PROSTHESES; INFECTION AB Background/Aims: Abdominal vascular trauma may require prosthetic grafting despite peritoneal contamination by concurrent visceral injury. This study tested the use of vascularized, seromuscular enteric pedicles (VSEP) against the development of vascular prosthetic complications, in a porcine abdominal trauma model. Methods: Eight pigs underwent aortic transection and reconstruction with a Dacron interposition graft (DIG). A standard bacterial inoculum soaked the DIG in situ. An enteric segment was isolated on its mesenteric pedicle, and the mucosa stripped. This VSEP was wrapped around the DIG and oversewn. Animals received antibiotics for 5 days. Endpoints were 2-week survival, or evidence of sepsis, The animals underwent explantation of the DIG, VSEP, and native aorta for the purposes of histological, and microbiological analyses, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Outcome measures were graft infection, graft thrombosis, tissue incorporation, and anastomotic integrity. Results: Two pigs were excluded for perioperative death. All study group animals (n = 6), survived 2 weeks. Infection and thrombosis were found in 0/6 (0%). Incorporation and anastomotic integrity were evident in 6/6 (100%). VSEP had intact blood supplies. SENT demonstrated viable muscle, microcirculation, and fibroplasia in VSEP. Conclusion: We conclude that VSEP may help prevent prosthetic graft complications in the contaminated setting. Copyright (C) 2000 S. Karger AG, Basel. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Anesthesia, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Pathol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Sawyer, MAJ (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0253-4886 J9 DIGEST SURG JI Dig. Surg. PY 2000 VL 17 IS 2 BP 126 EP 131 DI 10.1159/000018814 PG 6 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Surgery SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Surgery GA 309RP UT WOS:000086783300005 PM 10781974 ER PT S AU Barbarossa, S Swami, A Sadler, B Spadafora, G AF Barbarossa, S Swami, A Sadler, B Spadafora, G BE Rao, RM Dianat, SA Zoltowski, MD TI Classification of digital constellations under unknown multipath propagation conditions SO DIGITAL WIRELESS COMMUNICATION II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Digital Wireless Communication II CY APR 27-28, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE modulation classification; equalization; higher-order statistics ID MODULATION CLASSIFICATION; ENVIRONMENTS AB We propose a method to classify symbol constellations when the unknown signal of interest has propagated through an unknown frequency selective multipath fading channel. The proposed approach is based on a receiver structure composed of a set of parallel adaptive blind equalizers each of which minimizes a cost function matched to a specific constellation. The method works in batch mode, and an average gradient rather than a stochastic gradient approach is used to obtain smoother convergence. The channel is assumed to be FIR; to avoid instability problems, the equalizer is also constrained to be FIR, even though this creates an unavoidable residual inter-symbol interference (ISI). The proposed algorithm may also be used in conjunction with cumulant-based classifiers (to be triggered after the multipath channel has been partially equalized), and it can be extended to antenna arrays receivers to avoid residual ISI even using FIR filters. The performance of the proposed approach is demonstrated via simulations. C1 Univ Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy. RP Swami, A (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Barbarossa, Sergio/A-1574-2012; OI Barbarossa, Sergio/0000-0001-9846-8741 NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3671-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4045 BP 175 EP 186 DI 10.1117/12.394092 PG 12 WC Optics; Telecommunications SC Optics; Telecommunications GA BR35N UT WOS:000166174600018 ER PT S AU Bauer, JJ Magee, JH Moses, G Leitch, R Dawson, SL AF Bauer, JJ Magee, JH Moses, G Leitch, R Dawson, SL BE Suresh, R Pien, HH TI Medical simulation training initiative (MSTI) SO DIGITIZATION OF THE BATTLESPACE V AND BATTLEFIELD BIOMEDICAL TECHNOLOGIES II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Battlespace Digitization Conference CY APR 24-27, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE medical; simulation; training; military; virtual; haptics; trauma; modeling AB Now that we are in the 21(st) century, military medicine struggles with critical issues. One of the most important is how we train in peace for the realities of conflict. Training 100,000 active duty military medical personnel is becoming insurmountable. A more effective solution may be training through computer simulation. Success requires a strategic plan and coordination among experts in their own fields, e.g., medical personnel, engineers, to ensure useful, valuable products. Research and development in fundamental sciences is required to permit realistic representations of anatomy and medical procedures. "Enabling technologies" are required, e.g., tissue modeling, haptics, physiological representations, systems architecture, learning systems. Medical Simulation Training Initiative (MSTI) is a visionary military program to develop a multi-functional simulation platform based on a Personal Computer, with 3-D imaging of anatomic compartments or body structures. Interfaces will likely be an exoskeletal robotic device, haptic gloves, and other interactive devices. MSTI will provide risk-free, realistic learning environments for the spectrum of medical skills training. This will enhance hands-on training opportunities and revolutionize how we train medically. High fidelity modeling will permit manufacturers to prototype new devices. Engineering designers can then test devices in varieties of simulated anatomical representations, permitting them to "practice medicine." C1 USA, HQ, Med Res Mat Command, Telemed & Adv Technol Res Ctr, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Bauer, JJ (reprint author), USA, HQ, Med Res Mat Command, Telemed & Adv Technol Res Ctr, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3663-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4037 BP 254 EP 263 DI 10.1117/12.395048 PG 10 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BR35L UT WOS:000166174000028 ER PT B AU Zoltani, CK Satya-narayana, P Hisley, D AF Zoltani, CK Satya-narayana, P Hisley, D BE Kacsuk, P Kotsis, G TI Evaluating performance of OpenMP and MPI on the SGI origin 2000 with benchmarks of realistic problem sizes SO DISTRIBUTED AND PARALLEL SYSTEMS : FROM INSTRUCTION PARALLELISM TO CLUSTER COMPUTING SE KLUWER INTERNATIONAL SERIES IN ENGINEERING AND COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Austrian-Hungarian Workshop on Distributed and Parallel Systems (DAPSYS'2000) CY SEP 10-13, 2000 CL BALATONFURED, HUNGARY DE benchmarking; OpenMP; MPI; parallel computing performance AB Six applications benchmarks, including four NAS codes, provided by H. Jin and J. Wu, previously parallelized using OpenMP, and message-passing-interface (MPI), were run on a 128-processor SGI Origin 2000. Detailed profile data was collected to understand the factors causing imperfect scalability. Our results show that load imbalance and cost of remote accesses are the main factors in limited speed-up of the OpenMP versions, whereas communication costs are the single major factor in the performance of the MPI versions. C1 USA, Res Lab, High Performance Comp Div, Comp & Informat Sci Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Zoltani, CK (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, High Performance Comp Div, Comp & Informat Sci Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI NORWELL PA 101 PHILIP DRIVE, ASSINIPPI PARK, NORWELL, MA 02061 USA BN 0-7923-7892-X J9 KLUWER INT SER ENG C PY 2000 VL 567 BP 47 EP 56 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BQ87J UT WOS:000089902700006 ER PT J AU Fathimulla, F AF Fathimulla, F TI Preliminary assessment of health impacts for the Newport Chemical Agent Disposal Facility SO DRUG AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Tri-Service/EPA/ATSDR Toxicology Conference on Topics in Toxicology and Risk Assessment CY APR 12-15, 1999 CL WRIGHT-PATTERSON AF BASE, OHIO SP ManTech Environm Technol Inc, Naval Res Ctr Detachment, USA Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevet Med, Div Toxicol Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, US EPA, Natl Res Council & Natl Acad Sci AB A Preliminary Assessment of Health Impacts (PAHI) study was conducted to look at potential human and environmental health impacts due to the air and water emissions generated from the proposed Newport Chemical Agent Disposal Facility (NECDF) in Newport, Indiana. As an alternative to incineration, the NECDF will use a neutralization-based treatment process followed by supercritical water oxidation to destroy the VX nerve agent stored in ton containers at the Newport Chemical Depot. There is no regulatory guidance on conducting an assessment of health impacts for this type of facility. Therefore, The U.S. Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine (USACHPPM) designed a PAHI study based on bench-scale data and best engineering estimates that conservatively evaluate possible health effects from the projected air and water emissions. The air portion of the PAHI focused primarily on estimating carcinogenic risks and noncarcinogenic hazards from direct and indirect exposures to the subsistence farmer, subsistence fisher, adult resident, and child resident. The water portion of the PAHI evaluated potential human and environmental impacts using two different procedures individual compound analysis and whole effluent toxicity analysis. The individual compounds analysis compared constituent concentrations in the water emission to Indiana State Water Quality Standards and U.S. Environmental Protection agency Ambient Water Quality Criteria to evaluate the potential health impacts to human, terrestrial, and aquatic life. The whole effluent toxicity tests were conducted on mammalian (mouse, rat. and rabbit) and aquatic (water flea, algae, and minnows) species to test for potential additive, synergistic, and antagonistic effects.. The results of the air and water portion of the study showed that the operation of NECDF would be safe to exposed human and environmental receptors. A Final Assessment of Health Impacts (FAHI) will also be conducted by USACHPPM, after NECDF is constructed and before full-scale operations, to validate the results of the PAHI. C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Fathimulla, F (reprint author), USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, 5158 Blackhawk Rd,APG-EA, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0148-0545 J9 DRUG CHEM TOXICOL JI Drug Chem. Toxicol. PY 2000 VL 23 IS 1 BP 55 EP 66 DI 10.1081/DCT-100100102 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 292DD UT WOS:000085778100007 PM 10711389 ER PT J AU Gaborek, BJ AF Gaborek, BJ TI Case history review - Demilitarization combustion permits SO DRUG AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Tri-Service/EPA/ATSDR Toxicology Conference on Topics in Toxicology and Risk Assessment CY APR 12-15, 1999 CL WRIGHT-PATTERSON AF BASE, OHIO SP ManTech Environm Technol Inc, Naval Res Ctr Detachment, USA Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevet Med, Div Toxicol Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, US EPA, Natl Res Council & Natl Acad Sci AB In May 1993, Administrative Browner of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) announced that an indirect exposure health risk assessment was required for all hazardous waste combustion facilities seeking a Resource Conservation and Recovery Act permit. These types of risk assessments evaluate the health and environmental effects from inhalation of emissions (direct exposure) and from contact with environmental media and consumption of food products impacted by the emissions (indirect exposure). Completion of an indirect exposure risk assessment is often complicated by the various methodologies available for generating results and by the requirements of the regulating community. To minimize this complexity and to maximize consistency between risk assessments, the USEPA developed a number of detailed guidance documents. Site-specific conditions and toxicological data gaps, however, continue to present challenges not addressed by these guidance documents. This paper presents some of the specific challenges encountered by the U.S. Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine when performing indirect exposure health risk assessments for several demilitarization combustion facilities. C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Gaborek, BJ (reprint author), USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, ATTN MCHB-TS-HER,5158 Blackhawk Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0148-0545 J9 DRUG CHEM TOXICOL JI Drug Chem. Toxicol. PY 2000 VL 23 IS 1 BP 67 EP 77 DI 10.1081/DCT-100100103 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 292DD UT WOS:000085778100008 PM 10711390 ER PT J AU Knechtges, PL AF Knechtges, PL TI Military deployment toxicology: A program manager's perspective SO DRUG AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Tri-Service/EPA/ATSDR Toxicology Conference on Topics in Toxicology and Risk Assessment CY APR 12-15, 1999 CL WRIGHT-PATTERSON AF BASE, OHIO SP ManTech Environm Technol Inc, Naval Res Ctr Detachment, USA Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevet Med, Div Toxicol Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, US EPA, Natl Res Council & Natl Acad Sci AB The Persian Gulf War drew attention to the potential hazards of chemicals that personnel may encounter during military operations and deployments overseas. During the War, the oil well fires of Kuwait highlighted the military threat of industrial chemicals in the area of operations. Following the War, the occurrence of Gulf War Illnesses brought home concerns and suspicions regarding "low level" and "mixed" exposures to chemicals. The public's concern and attention resulted in numerous institutional responses to the real and perceived problems of health risks during military deployments. These institutional responses ranged in scope from a Presidential Review Directive to the initiative known as the Deployment Toxicology Research, Development, Testing and Evaluation (RDT&E) Program. Most institutions, however, seem to agree that additional research is needed to assess the health risks from chemical exposures during military deployments. Establishing and managing an effective RDT&E program in risk assessment for deployed forces is a challenging enterprise. The Deployment Toxicology RDT&E Program was conceived utilizing the military's acquisition framework, an effective methodology with a proven record of fielding of new technologies. Based on a series of structured meetings with military representatives that would utilize new risk assessment tools, a hierarchical set of plans was developed to identify and prioritize end products. The challenge ahead for the Deployment Toxicology RDT&E Program is to execute these plans, provide the necessary oversight, and transition the results into successful product development. C1 Off Naval Res, Med Serv Corp, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. USA, Ctr Environm Hlth Res, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Knechtges, PL (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Med Serv Corp, Code 341,800 N Quincy St, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0148-0545 J9 DRUG CHEM TOXICOL JI Drug Chem. Toxicol. PY 2000 VL 23 IS 1 BP 79 EP 94 DI 10.1081/DCT-100100104 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 292DD UT WOS:000085778100009 PM 10711391 ER PT J AU Hauschild, VD AF Hauschild, VD TI Chemical exposure guidelines for deployed military personnel SO DRUG AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Tri-Service/EPA/ATSDR Toxicology Conference on Topics in Toxicology and Risk Assessment CY APR 12-15, 1999 CL WRIGHT-PATTERSON AF BASE, OHIO SP ManTech Environm Technol Inc, Naval Res Ctr Detachment, USA Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevet Med, Div Toxicol Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, US EPA, Natl Res Council & Natl Acad Sci AB In light of the absence of guidelines and standards applicable to deployed military personnel, the U.S. Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine (USACHPPM) has completed Technical Guide 230A, Short-term Chemical Exposure Guidelines for Deployed Military Personnel. This guide provides estimated concentration levels associated with various types of effects for short-term exposures from 1 hour up to 2 weeks. A second TG (TG230B, Long-term Chemical Exposure Guidelines for Deployed Military Personnel) is being developed to address potentially longer deployment related exposures (i.e. greater than 2 weeks up to 1 year). This article focuses on TG230A which describes varying severity levels and health effects associated with short-term chemical exposures in a format consistent with the existing doctrinal military risk management paradigm. It is a consolidated reference tool for trained military medical staff to evaluate different chemical hazards, and will ensure more expedient risk management decisions during deployments. The TG also establishes the standard reference for pre- and post-deployment evaluations and risk management decisions, including determinations of resource requirements and equipment specifications. C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Environm Hlth Risk Assessment & Ris Commun Progra, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Hauschild, VD (reprint author), USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Environm Hlth Risk Assessment & Ris Commun Progra, 5158 Blackhawk Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0148-0545 J9 DRUG CHEM TOXICOL JI Drug Chem. Toxicol. PY 2000 VL 23 IS 1 BP 139 EP 153 DI 10.1081/DCT-100100107 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 292DD UT WOS:000085778100012 PM 10711394 ER PT J AU Smith, PA Bowerbank, CR Lee, ML Williams, K Alexander, W Still, KR AF Smith, PA Bowerbank, CR Lee, ML Williams, K Alexander, W Still, KR TI Rapid separation of nitroaromatic compounds by solvating gas chromatography SO DRUG AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Tri-Service/EPA/ATSDR Toxicology Conference on Topics in Toxicology and Risk Assessment CY APR 12-15, 1999 CL WRIGHT-PATTERSON AF BASE, OHIO SP ManTech Environm Technol Inc, Naval Res Ctr Detachment, USA Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevet Med, Div Toxicol Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, US EPA, Natl Res Council & Natl Acad Sci ID CAPILLARY AB Nitroaromatic compounds such as 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene are used in the production of explosives and munitions, and are environmental contaminants as a result of such use. Conventional methods to detect these compounds have relied on liquid and gas chromatography to isolate the individual compounds which may be present at low levels in complex environmental matrices before final detection and identification. A new method, solvating gas chromatography, was used to rapidly separate 8 nitroaromatic compounds, showing improved speed relative to conventional liquid and gas chromatography methods. Solvating gas chromatography allows near real-time detection for these energetic compounds, providing improvements in their detection as environmental contaminants, and as compounds of interest to law enforcement and military organizations. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Provo, UT 84602 USA. USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Directorate Lab Sci, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Toxicol Detachment, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Smith, PA (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RI Smith, Philip/A-6835-2009 OI Smith, Philip/0000-0003-3787-9111 NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0148-0545 J9 DRUG CHEM TOXICOL JI Drug Chem. Toxicol. PY 2000 VL 23 IS 1 BP 155 EP 160 DI 10.1081/DCT-100100108 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 292DD UT WOS:000085778100013 PM 10711395 ER PT J AU Pope, RM Weidemann, AD Fry, ES AF Pope, RM Weidemann, AD Fry, ES TI Integrating Cavity Absorption Meter measurements of dissolved substances and suspended particles in ocean water SO DYNAMICS OF ATMOSPHERES AND OCEANS LA English DT Article DE optical properties; absorption; dissolved materials; water; phytoplankton ID PHYTOPLANKTON ABSORPTION; YELLOW SUBSTANCE; COEFFICIENTS; SPECTRA; LIGHT; SEA AB We have developed a new device to measure the separate contributions to the spectral absorption coefficient due to a pure liquid, due to the particles suspended in it, and due to the substances dissolved in it. This device, the Integrating Cavity Absorption Meter (ICAM), is essentially independent of scattering effects in the sample. In April 1993, a prototype of the ICAM was field tested on board the research vessel USNS Bartlett. A major part of the cruise track included criss-crossing the area where the Mississippi flows into the Gulf of Mexico at various ranges from the mouth of the river; thus samples were collected from areas of blue, green, and brown/black water. We evaluated 35 seawater samples collected with 5-1 Niskin bottles from 22 locations to determine absorption spectra (380-700 nm) of suspended particles and dissolved substances (gelbstoff). Results validate the ICAM as a viable tool for marine optical absorption research. Gelbstoff absorption at 432.5 nm ranged from 0.024 to 0.603 m(-1). Over the spectral region 380 --> 560 nm, gelbstoff absorption by each of the samples could be accurately fit to a decaying exponential. The particle absorption spectra are generally characteristic of those of phytoplankton and exhibit a local maximum at 430-440 nm. Absorption values at 432.5 nm ranged from similar to zero to similar to 1.0 m(-1). Some samples with moderate particulate absorption, however, did not show the characteristic local maximum of phytoplankton in the blue and instead resembled the characteristic decaying exponential of detritus with a shape similar to that observed in the gelbstoff. The ratio of gelbstoff to particulate absorption at 432.5 nm ranged from 0.46 to 152. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USA, Joint Precis Strike Demonstrat, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NRL, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM rpope@nvl.army.mil; alanw@nrlssc.navy.mil; fry@physics.tamu.edu RI Fry, Edward/B-6012-2016 NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0265 EI 1872-6879 J9 DYNAM ATMOS OCEANS JI Dyn. Atmos. Oceans PD JAN PY 2000 VL 31 IS 1-4 SI SI BP 307 EP 320 DI 10.1016/S0377-0265(99)00039-1 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 382MP UT WOS:000165827100014 ER PT B AU Mattingly, S AF Mattingly, S BE Balassanian, S Cisternas, A Melkumyan, M TI Building local capacity for earthquake loss reduction SO EARTHQUAKE HAZARD AND SEISMIC RISK REDUCTION SE ADVANCES IN NATURAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL HAZARDS RESEARCH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Earthquake Hazard and Seismic Risk Reduction CY SEP 14-21, 1998 CL YEREVAN, ARMENIA AB In 1988 the catastrophic Spitak earthquake rocked Armenia and shocked the world with its devastation. Six years later, the Northridge earthquake ripped through Los Angeles and instantly put to the test the lessons learned from Spitak and other disasters. This paper explores what has been learned and put into practice in building local capacity for earthquake loss reduction since 1988, when the Spitak tragedy influenced disaster management thinking. Since the Spitak earthquake, there have been rapid technological advances allowing us to build more earthquake resistant structures, strengthen existing buildings, and harden critical lifelines against earthquake effects. Our understanding of social and economic aspects of disaster impacts, and what factors strengthen response and recovery capabilities, has advanced. We have learned that effective disaster management and loss reduction depends on networks of individuals and organizations united by a common goal of protecting lives, livelihoods, investments, and the environment. These lessons were tested in the 1994 Northridge earthquake. This paper describes disaster management advances born of necessity in Northridge and improved upon in practice in subsequent disasters. C1 USA, Fed Emergency Management Agcy, Tiburon, CA 94920 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-6390-6 J9 ADV NAT TECHNOL HAZ PY 2000 VL 12 BP 13 EP 20 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA BQ94G UT WOS:000165069000002 ER PT S AU Kerris, KG Wheeler, PW Clare, JC Empringham, L AF Kerris, KG Wheeler, PW Clare, JC Empringham, L GP IEE IEE TI Implementation of a matrix converter using P-channel MOS-controlled thyristors SO EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON POWER ELECTRONICS AND VARIABLE SPEED DRIVES SE IEE CONFERENCE PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Power Electronics and Variable Speed Drives CY SEP 18-19, 2000 CL LONDON, ENGLAND SP IEE, Power Div, EUREL, IEEE, UKRI Sect, Inst Engineers Ireland, S African Inst Elect Engineers, Verband Deutsch Elektrotechniker AB We have constructed a 3-phase to single-phase matrix converter using p-channel MOS-controlled thyristor switches rated at 1200 volts and 300 amperes. Advantages of matrix converters over the more conventional de-link converters potentially include elimination of the large reactive power components used in the de link, bi-directional operation permitting regeneration, and increased system lifetime and higher temperature operation realized by the elimination of temperature-sensitive electrolytic capacitors. Snubberless operation is implemented in our matrix converter using semisoft current commutation. Switching frequencies in excess of 3 kHz are readily achievable and operation up to 208 V(rms) (3-phase) has been demonstrated in a laboratory prototype. C1 USA, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Kerris, KG (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20310 USA. OI Clare, Jon/0000-0001-8243-4280 NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS INSPEC INC PI EDISON PA 379 THORNALL ST, EDISON, NJ 08837 USA SN 0537-9989 BN 0-85296-729-2 J9 IEE CONF PUBL PY 2000 IS 475 BP 35 EP 39 PG 5 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BR14M UT WOS:000165733200007 ER PT S AU Bruno, FF Nagarajan, R Sidhartha, JS Yang, K Kumar, J Tripathy, S Samuelson, L AF Bruno, FF Nagarajan, R Sidhartha, JS Yang, K Kumar, J Tripathy, S Samuelson, L BE Zhang, QM Furukawa, T BarCohen, Y Scheinbeim, Y TI Enzymatic template synthesis of polyphenol SO ELECTROACTIVE POLYMERS (EAP) SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Electroactive Polymers at the 1999 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 29-DEC 01, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP USN, Off Res, Daikin US Corp, Kureha Chem Ind Co Ltd, Toray Techno Co Ltd, Mat Res Soc ID POLYMERIZATION; PEROXIDASE; POLYMERS AB An alternative, biocatalytic approach for the synthesis of a new class of water soluble and processable polyphenols is presented. In this approach, the enzyme horseradish peroxidase (HRP) is used to polymerize phenol in the presence of an ionic template. The template serves as a surfactant that can both emulsify the phenol monomer and growing polyphenol chains and provide water solubility of the final polyphenol/template complex. This approach is a simple, one step synthesis where the reaction conditions are remarkably mild and environmentally compatible. The final product is a water soluble, high molecular weight complex of polyphenol and the template used. The approach is also very versatile as numerous templates may be used to build in specific functionalities to the final polyphenol complex. Polystyrene sulfonates (SPS), lignin sulfonate and dodecyl benzene sulfonates (micelles) are the templates investigated in this study. Thermal analysis and W-Vis spectroscopy shows that these complexes have exceptional thermal stability and a high degree of backbone conjugation. Electrical conductivities on the order of 10(-5) S/cm and third order nonlinear optical susceptibilities (chi((3))) of 10(-12) esu are also observed. In the case of the SPS template, under certain conditions, a sol gel complex may be formed. This enzymatic approach offers interesting opportunities in the synthesis and functionalization of a new class of processable polyphenolic materials. C1 USA, Mat Sci Team, Natick Soldier Ctr, Soldier Biol Chem Command, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Bruno, FF (reprint author), USA, Mat Sci Team, Natick Soldier Ctr, Soldier Biol Chem Command, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-508-0 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2000 VL 600 BP 255 EP 259 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied; Polymer Science SC Physics; Polymer Science GA BQ75U UT WOS:000089404300034 ER PT J AU Zhang, SS Chang, Z Xu, K Angell, CA AF Zhang, SS Chang, Z Xu, K Angell, CA TI Molecular and anionic polymer and oligomer systems with microdecoupled conductivities SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Polymer Electrolytes (ISPE-6) CY NOV 01-06, 1998 CL HAYAMA, JAPAN SP Novartis Fdn Promot Sci, Ogasarara Fdn Promot Sci, Pionics Corp, Terumo Fdn Promot Sci, USAF Off Sci Res, Yuasa Corp DE microdecoupled conductivity; polymers; oligomer systems; polyanion conductors; sidechain dipoles; decoupling; glass transition ID MOLTEN-SALT; ELECTROLYTES AB We describe two different approaches to the problem of decoupling ions in polymer electrolytes from the chain segmental motions in order to obtain high conductivities even close to the glass transition temperature. In one of the two, the ions are also decoupled from each other so that single ion conducting materials can be obtained. The first method involves the use of polymeric anions while the second uses side-chain secondary relaxation as the principle behind the fast motion. Neither principle is new but the performance seems to be quite good in the cases described. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Zhang, SS (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem, POB 871604, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RI Zhang, Sheng/A-4456-2012; Xu, Kang/C-6054-2013 OI Zhang, Sheng/0000-0003-4435-4110; NR 22 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-4686 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PY 2000 VL 45 IS 8-9 BP 1229 EP 1236 DI 10.1016/S0013-4686(99)00385-0 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 274TB UT WOS:000084780200011 ER PT J AU Jiang, RZ Chu, DR AF Jiang, RZ Chu, DR TI Multiple small potential steps at a rotating disk electrode and applications SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE RDE method; potential step; fuel cell; electrode kinetics; oxygen reduction ID FUEL-CELL; ELECTROREDUCTION; CATALYST; ELECTROCATALYSIS; PERFORMANCE; REDUCTION; OXYGEN; STACK AB A method of multiple small potential steps was applied to obtain current-potential curves at a rotating disk electrode (RDE), which is more accurate than the classical potential scan RDE method. Several basic benefits of the new RDE method were summarized, including reducing charging current, removing adsorption current, identifying kinetic current and separating kinetic and diffusion reactions. The practical application of this new method is to study high surface area powder catalysts for fuel cell research. An example of using this new method was demonstrated by measuring the current potential curves of catalytic oxygen reduction on heat-treated metalloporphyrins coated graphite rotating disk electrode. A successful kinetic analysis of catalytic oxygen reduction at the powder catalyst coated electrode was achieved. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Elect Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Chu, DR (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Elect Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 16 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-4686 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PY 2000 VL 45 IS 24 BP 4025 EP 4030 DI 10.1016/S0013-4686(00)00494-1 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 349RR UT WOS:000089059800012 ER PT S AU Synowczynski, J Dewing, G Geyer, R Grosvenor, J AF Synowczynski, J Dewing, G Geyer, R Grosvenor, J BE Nair, KM Bhalla, AS TI Acceptor doping of Ba0.55Sr0.45TiO3/MgO composites SO ELECTRONIC CERAMIC MATERIALS AND DEVICES SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Dielectric Ceramics held at the 101st Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY APR 25-28, 1999 CL INDIANAPOLIS, IN SP Amer Ceram Soc ID STRONTIUM-TITANATE; BARIUM-TITANATE; CERAMICS AB The effect of Mn substitution on the microwave properties of Ba0.55Sr0.45TiO3 / MgO composite materials was investigated using a mode filtered 10 GHz cavity resonator, low frequency (10 kHz) LCR measurements of the temperature dependence of the percent tunability, and Scanning Electron Microscopy. Mn increased grain boundary diffusion, thereby reducing phase segregation and altering the connectivity of the ferroelectric and non-ferroelectric phases. The relationship between connectivity and the dielectric properties (temperature stability, dielectric constant, and percent tunability) is discussed as a function of temperature and weight percentage MgO. C1 USA, Ballist Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Synowczynski, J (reprint author), USA, Ballist Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-098-X J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2000 VL 106 BP 227 EP 234 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Ceramics SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BW85X UT WOS:000183415600024 ER PT S AU Ballato, A AF Ballato, A BE Nair, KM Bhalla, AS TI Lateral and thickness excitation of obliquely poled ferroelectric ceramic plates SO ELECTRONIC CERAMIC MATERIALS AND DEVICES SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Dielectric Ceramics held at the 101st Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY APR 25-28, 1999 CL INDIANAPOLIS, IN SP Amer Ceram Soc AB Ceramic piezoelectrics are attractive candidates for many modern resonant sensor and actuator applications because of their strong coupling factors and low cost. In virtually all such uses, poling is either along, or perpendicular to, the major plate faces. Plate configurations such as composites can, however, be devised so that the polarization vector is oblique to the thickness axis. In this more general case the variety of excitation responses is broadened, and these may be used to fashion devices with new characteristics. The increased gamut achievable with an oblique axis is described, as well as various features of the resonances. C1 USA, Commun Elect Command, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Ballato, A (reprint author), USA, Commun Elect Command, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-098-X J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2000 VL 106 BP 309 EP 332 PG 24 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Ceramics SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BW85X UT WOS:000183415600030 ER PT B AU Swearengen, JR Worsham, PL AF Swearengen, JR Worsham, PL BE Brown, C Bolin, C TI Plague SO EMERGING DISEASES OF ANIMALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Emerging Diseases of Animals: Veterinary Medicine, Agriculture and Human Health CY AUG, 1999 CL UNIV GEORGIA, ATHENS, GA HO UNIV GEORGIA ID EXPERIMENTAL PNEUMONIC PLAGUE; VIRULENT YERSINIA-PESTIS; EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; PLASMINOGEN-ACTIVATOR; BUBONIC PLAGUE; UNITED-STATES; MICE; CATS; PSEUDOTUBERCULOSIS; SURVEILLANCE C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Vet Med Div, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Swearengen, JR (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Vet Med Div, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 65 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 1-55581-201-5 PY 2000 BP 259 EP 279 PG 21 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA BR79R UT WOS:000167581000013 ER PT B AU Jahrling, PB Zaucha, GM Huggins, JW AF Jahrling, PB Zaucha, GM Huggins, JW BE Scheld, WM Craig, WA Hughes, JM TI Countermeasures to the reemergence of smallpox virus as an agent of bioterrorism SO EMERGING INFECTIONS 4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (ICAAC) CY SEP 26-29, 1999 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA ID PROTECTS MICE; CHALLENGE; DNA; PCR C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Jahrling, PB (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 1-55581-197-3 PY 2000 BP 187 EP 200 PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA BS08Q UT WOS:000168586400013 ER PT J AU Taubenberger, JK Tsai, MM Atkin, TJ Fanning, TG Krafft, AE Moeller, RB Kodsi, SE Mense, MG Lipscomb, TP AF Taubenberger, JK Tsai, MM Atkin, TJ Fanning, TG Krafft, AE Moeller, RB Kodsi, SE Mense, MG Lipscomb, TP TI Molecular genetic evidence of a novel morbillivirus in a long-finned pilot whale (Globicephalus melas) SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHINS; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; GULF-OF-MEXICO; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; WESTERN ATLANTIC; INFECTION; EPIZOOTICS; DISTEMPER; VIRUS AB A long-finned pilot whale with morbilliviral disease was stranded in New Jersey. An immunohistochemical stain demonstrated morbilliviral antigen. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction for morbillivirus P and N genes was positive. Novel sequences most closely related to, but distinct from, those of dolphin and porpoise morbilliviruses suggest that this virus may represent a third member of the cetacean morbillivirus group. C1 Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Taubenberger, JK (reprint author), Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Room G 137,14th St & Alaska Ave NW, Washington, DC 20306 USA. NR 15 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 4 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 6 IS 1 BP 42 EP 45 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 283QR UT WOS:000085286900007 PM 10653568 ER PT S AU Bruno, JD Yang, RQ Bradshaw, JL Pham, JT Wortman, DE AF Bruno, JD Yang, RQ Bradshaw, JL Pham, JT Wortman, DE BE Taylor, EW Pirich, AR TI High-power mid-IR type II interband cascade lasers SO ENABLING PHOTONIC TECHNOLOGIES FOR AEROSPACE APPLICATIONS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Enabling Photonic Technologies for Aerospace Applications II CY APR 24-25, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE ID QUANTUM-WELLS; EFFICIENCY AB Type-II interband cascade (IC) lasers take advantage of the broken-gap alignment in type-II quantum wells to reuse electrons for sequential photon emissions from serially connected active regions. Here, we describe recent advances in InAs/GaInSb type-II IC lasers at emission wavelengths of 3.6-4 mu m; these semiconductor lasers have exhibited significantly higher differential quantum efficiencies and peak powers than previously reported. Low threshold current densities (e.g., similar to 56 A/cm(2) at 80 K) and power efficiency exceeding 9% were observed from a mesa-stripe laser in cw operation. Also, these lasers were able to operate at temperatures up to 250 K in pulsed mode and 127 K in cw mode. We observed from several devices at temperatures above 80 K, slope efficiencies exceeding 1 W/A/facet, corresponding to a differential external quantum efficiency exceeding 600%. A peak optical output power of similar to 6 W/facet was observed from a type-II IC laser at 80 K. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Bruno, JD (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3668-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4042 BP 24 EP 32 DI 10.1117/12.391912 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BQ75M UT WOS:000089403500004 ER PT S AU Shoop, BL Das, PK Ressler, EK Talty, TJ AF Shoop, BL Das, PK Ressler, EK Talty, TJ BE Taylor, EW Pirich, AR TI Photonic analog-to-digital conversion based on oversampling techniques SO ENABLING PHOTONIC TECHNOLOGIES FOR AEROSPACE APPLICATIONS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Enabling Photonic Technologies for Aerospace Applications II CY APR 24-25, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE photonic A/D conversion; analog-to-digital conversion; error diffusion; neural networks ID A/D CONVERSION; CONVERTERS AB A novel photonic approach to analog-to-digital (A/D) conversion based on temporal and spatial oversampling techniques in conjunction with a smart pixel hardware implementation of a neural algorithm is described. In this approach, the input signal is first sampled at a rate higher than that required by the Nyquist criterion and then presented spatially as the input to the 2-D error diffusion neural network consisting of M x N pixels. The neural network processes the input oversampled analog image and produces an M x N pixel binary output image which is an optimum representation of the input analog signal. Upon convergence, the neural network minimizes an energy function representing the frequency-weighted squared error between the input analog image and the output halftoned image. Decimation and low-pass filtering techniques, common to oversampling A/D converters, digitally sum and average the M x N pixel output binary image using high-speed digital electronic circuitry. By employing a 2-D smart pixel neural approach to oversampling A/D conversion, each pixel constitutes a simple oversampling modulator thereby producing a distributed A/D architecture. Spectral noise shaping across the array diffuses quantization error thereby improving the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) performance. Here, each quantizer within the network is embedded in a fully-connected, distributed mesh feedback loop which spectrally shapes the overall quantization noise significantly reducing the effects of component mismatch typically associated with parallel or channelized A/D approaches. The 2-D neural array provides higher aggregate bit rates which can extend the useful bandwidth of oversampling converters. C1 US Mil Acad, Photon Res Ctr, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Shoop, BL (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Photon Res Ctr, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3668-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4042 BP 39 EP 52 DI 10.1117/12.391914 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BQ75M UT WOS:000089403500006 ER PT S AU Tobin, MS Bruno, JD Pham, JT AF Tobin, MS Bruno, JD Pham, JT BE Taylor, EW Pirich, AR TI Above-GaAs-band-gap reflection modulator SO ENABLING PHOTONIC TECHNOLOGIES FOR AEROSPACE APPLICATIONS II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Enabling Photonic Technologies for Aerospace Applications II CY APR 24-25, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE reflection modulator; diffusive conductivity; GaAs quantum wells ID QUANTUM-WELLS; HIGH-SPEED; ELECTRONS AB Multiple triple quantum wells (TQWs) are used in the active region of an AlGaAs p-i-n diode for a reflection modulator operating above the GaAs band gap. Photocurrent spectra of the TQW-based diode show sharp absorption features that retain their spectral character with reverse bias and show large Stark shifts - comparable to those obtained from alternative active-layer designs. Some performance characteristics of an 810-nm reflection modulator using the TQW active-layer design are presented. We also describe time-resolved pump/probe measurements made on a series of TQW-based p-i-n diodes with differing p-layer conductivity and contrast results with the predictions of a simplified model of the carrier dynamics. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3668-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2000 VL 4042 BP 99 EP 109 DI 10.1117/12.391900 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BQ75M UT WOS:000089403500013 ER PT S AU Srour, N AF Srour, N BE Bramble, SK Carapezza, EM Rudin, LI TI Back propagation of acoustic signature for robust target identification SO ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES FOR LAW ENFORCEMENT AND SECURITY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Enabling Technologies for Law Enforcement and Security CY NOV 05-08, 2000 CL BOSTON, MA SP SPIE AB The Acoustic Signal Processing branch of the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) has demonstrated, using the output of microphone arrays of battlefield acoustic sensors, that harmonic lines are effective spectral features for the target identification of acoustic signatures from ground vehicles such as tanks and trucks. However, battlefield acoustic target identification is extremely challenging because of the variations in the signature caused by the environmental effects on the acoustic propagation, vehicle operating characteristics (e.g. gear, load) and target dynamics such as range, velocity, and aspect. The utilization of air acoustic propagation models to normalize the spectral features can be used to mitigate a significant portion of this variability for robust battlefield acoustic target identification. The integration of acoustic propagation models is a new approach, and potentially represents a very significant improvement to current target recognition methods. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL SE SA, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Srour, N (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL SE SA, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3906-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4232 BP 399 EP 408 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BS26B UT WOS:000169262500045 ER PT J AU Iudica-Souza, C Adair, C Poth, P Wartofsky, L AF Iudica-Souza, C Adair, C Poth, P Wartofsky, L TI Thyrotoxicosis ectopia et eutopia: Struma ovarii and Graves' disease SO ENDOCRINOLOGIST LA English DT Review ID MR FINDINGS; COEXISTENCE AB A patient is described with both a hyperfunctioning goiter and a benign ovarian teratoma with functional thyroid tissue (struma ovarii). The diagnosis, frequency, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, relationship to autoimmune thyroid disease, and management of thyrotoxicosis ectopia due to benign or malignant struma ovarii are reviewed. C1 Washington Hosp Ctr, Dept Med, Washington, DC 20010 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Endocrine Metab Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Wartofsky, L (reprint author), Washington Hosp Ctr, Dept Med, 110 Irving St NW, Washington, DC 20010 USA. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1051-2144 J9 ENDOCRINOLOGIST JI Endocrinologist PD JAN PY 2000 VL 10 IS 1 BP 60 EP 64 DI 10.1097/00019616-200010010-00009 PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 282CJ UT WOS:000085198400009 ER PT S AU Watkins, WR Tofsted, DH CuQlock-Knopp, VG Jordan, JB Merritt, JO AF Watkins, WR Tofsted, DH CuQlock-Knopp, VG Jordan, JB Merritt, JO BE Verly, JG TI Navigation through fog using stereoscopic active imaging SO ENHANCED AND SYNTHETIC VISION 2000 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Enhanced and Synthetic Vision 2000 CY APR 24-25, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE navigation; fog; visibility; active imaging; wide baseline stereo; hyperstereo; stereoscopic; backscatter; image enhancement ID HYPERSTEREO VISION AB Navigation, especially in aviation, has been plagued since its inception with the hazards of poor visibility conditions. Our ground vehicles and soldiers have difficulty moving at night or in low visibility even with night vision augmentation because of the lack of contrast and depth perception. Trying to land an aircraft in fog is more difficult yet, even with radar tracking. The visible and near-infrared spectral regions have been ignored because of the problem with backscattered radiation from landing light illumination similar to that experienced when using high beam headlights while driving in fog. This paper describes experimentation related to the development of a visible/near-infrared active hyperstereo vision system for landing an aircraft in fog. Hyperstereo vision is a binocular system with baseline separation wider than the human interocular spacing. The basic concept is to compare the imagery obtained from alternate wings of the aircraft while illuminating only from the opposite wing. This produces images with a backscatter radiation pattern that has a decreasing gradient away from the side with the illumination source. Flipping the imagery from one wing left to right and comparing it to the opposite wing imagery allows the backscattered radiation pattern to be subtracted from both sets of imagery. The use of retro-reflectors along the sides of the runway allows the human stereo fusion process to fuse the forward scatter blurred hyperstereo imagery of the array of retro-reflectors while minimizing backscatter. The appropriate amount of inverse point spread function deblurring is applied for improved resolution of scene content to aid in detection of objects on the runway. The experimental system is described and preliminary results are presented to illustrate the concept. C1 USA, Res Lab, White Sands Missile Rang, NM 88002 USA. RP Watkins, WR (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, White Sands Missile Rang, NM 88002 USA. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3649-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4023 BP 20 EP 28 DI 10.1117/12.389357 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BQ62H UT WOS:000088995100003 ER PT S AU Meitzler, T Bryk, D Sohn, E Lane, K Bednarz, D Jusela, D Ebenstein, S Smith, GH Rodin, Y Rankin, JS Samman, AM AF Meitzler, T Bryk, D Sohn, E Lane, K Bednarz, D Jusela, D Ebenstein, S Smith, GH Rodin, Y Rankin, JS Samman, AM BE Verly, JG TI Noise and contrast comparison of visual and infrared images of hazards as seen inside an automobile SO ENHANCED AND SYNTHETIC VISION 2000 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Enhanced and Synthetic Vision 2000 CY APR 24-25, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE AB The purpose of this experiment was to quantitatively measure driver performance for detecting potential road hazards in visual and infrared (IR) imagery of road scenes containing varying combinations of contrast and noise. This pilot test is a first step toward comparing various IR and visual sensors and displays for the purpose of an enhanced vision system to go inside the driver compartment. Visible and IR road imagery obtained was displayed on a large screen and an a PC monitor and subject response times were recorded. Based on the response time, detection probabilities were computed and compared to the known time of occurrence of a driving hazard. The goal was to see what combinations of sensor, contrast and noise enable subjects to have a higher detection probability of potential driving hazards. C1 USA, TACOM, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Meitzler, T (reprint author), USA, TACOM, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RI Meitzler, Thomas/D-1065-2017 NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3649-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4023 BP 139 EP 153 DI 10.1117/12.389337 PG 15 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BQ62H UT WOS:000088995100015 ER PT J AU Burkhart, JG Ankley, G Bell, H Carpenter, H Fort, D Gardiner, D Gardner, H Hale, R Helgen, JC Jepson, P Johnson, D Lannoo, M Lee, D Lary, J Levey, R Magner, J Meteyer, C Shelby, MD Lucier, G AF Burkhart, JG Ankley, G Bell, H Carpenter, H Fort, D Gardiner, D Gardner, H Hale, R Helgen, JC Jepson, P Johnson, D Lannoo, M Lee, D Lary, J Levey, R Magner, J Meteyer, C Shelby, MD Lucier, G TI Strategies for assessing the implications of malformed frogs for environmental health SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE amphibian malformation; environmental health ID ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; RETINOIC ACID; HOMEOTIC TRANSFORMATION; AMPHIBIAN POPULATIONS; THYROID-HORMONE; HYLA-REGILLA; LIMBS; RECEPTORS; SURVIVAL; TOXICITY AB The recent increase in the incidence of deformities among natural frog populations has raised concern about the state of the environment and the possible impact of unidentified causative agents on the health of wildlife and human populations. An open workshop on Strategies for Assessing the Implications of Malformed Frogs for Environmental Health was convened on 4-5 December 1997 at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. The purpose of the workshop was to share information among a multidisciplinary group with scientific interest and responsibility for human and environmental health at the federal and state level. Discussions highlighted possible causes and recent findings directly related to frog deformities and provided insight into problems and strategies applicable to continuing investigation in several areas. Possible causes of the deformities were evaluated in terms of diagnostics performed on field amphibians, biologic mechanisms that can lead to the types of malformations observed, and parallel laboratory and field studies. Hydrogeochemistry must be more integrated into environmental toxicology because of the pivotal role of the aquatic environment and the importance of faces and transport relative to any potential exposure. There is no indication of whether there may be a human health factor associated with the deformities. However, the possibility that causal agents may be waterborne indicates a need to identify the relevant factors and establish the relationship between environmental and human health in terms of hazard assessment. C1 NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. US EPA, Off Sci & Technol, Off Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, St Paul, MN USA. Stover Grp, Stillwater, OK USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Dev & Cell Biol, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. Colorado State Univ, USA, Ctr Environm Hlth Res, Ctr Environm Toxicol & Technol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Coll William & Mary, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. Minnesota Pollut Control Agcy, St Paul, MN USA. Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. No Prairie Ctr, Jamestown, ND USA. Ball State Univ, Muncie Ctr Med Educ, Muncie, IN 47306 USA. AECL, Chalk River, ON, Canada. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Vermont Dept Environm Conservat, Ra LaRosa Environm Lab, Waterbury, VT USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Hlth Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. RP Burkhart, JG (reprint author), NIEHS, MD C1-08,Box 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RI Jepson, Paul/E-8669-2011 OI Jepson, Paul/0000-0003-3419-4715 NR 32 TC 53 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 6 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 108 IS 1 BP 83 EP 90 DI 10.2307/3454299 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 273XP UT WOS:000084734900029 PM 10620528 ER PT J AU Deal, B Farello, C Lancaster, M Kompare, T Hannon, B AF Deal, B Farello, C Lancaster, M Kompare, T Hannon, B TI A dynamic model of the spatial spread of an infectious disease: the case of fox rabies in Illinois SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELING & ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE spatial modeling; biological modeling; dynamic modeling ID VULPES-VULPES; WILDLIFE RABIES; VACCINATION; DISPERSAL AB A spatially explicit computer model is developed to examine the dynamic spread of fox rabies across the state of Illinois and to evaluate possible disease control strategies. The ultimate concern is that the disease will spread from foxes to humans through the pet population. Modeling the population dynamics of rabies in foxes requires comprehensive ecological and biological knowledge of the fox and pathogenesis of the rabies virus. Variables considered including population densities, fox biology, home ranges, dispersal rates, contact rates, and incubation periods, can greatly effect the spread of disease. Accurate reporting of these variables is paramount for realistic construction of a spatial model. The spatial modeling technique utilized is a grid-based approach that combines the relevant geographic condition of the Illinois landscape (typically described in a georeferenced database system) with a nonlinear dynamic model of the phenomena of interest in each cell, interactively connected to the other appropriate cells (usually adjacent ones). The resulting spatial model graphically links data obtained from previous models, fox biology, rabies information and landscape parameters using various hierarchical scales and makes it possible to follow the emergent patterns and facilitates experimental stimulus/result data collection techniques. Results of the model indicate that the disease would likely spread among the native healthy fox population from East to West and would occur in epidemiological waves radiating from the point of introduction; becoming endemic across the State in about 15 years. Findings also include the realization that while current hunting pressures can potentially wipe out the fox in the State, some level of hunting pressure can be effectively utilized to help control the disease. C1 CERL, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. Univ Illinois, Geog NCSA, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Deal, B (reprint author), CERL, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. RI Lancaster, Mary/A-5065-2015 OI Lancaster, Mary/0000-0002-2530-7004 NR 51 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 14 PU BALTZER SCI PUBL BV PI BUSSUM PA PO BOX 221, 1400 AE BUSSUM, NETHERLANDS SN 1420-2026 J9 ENVIRON MODEL ASSESS JI Environ. Model. Assess. PY 2000 VL 5 IS 1 BP 47 EP 62 DI 10.1023/A:1019045224429 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 304CF UT WOS:000086464500005 ER PT S AU Deliman, PN Ruiz, CE Gerald, JA AF Deliman, PN Ruiz, CE Gerald, JA BE Price, FT Brix, KV Lane, NK TI Development of a Web-Based Risk Assessment Modeling System SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND RISK ASSESSMENT: RECENT ACHIEVEMENTS IN ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND TRANSPORT: NINTH VOLUME SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Symposium on Environmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment: Recent Achievements in Environmental Fate and Transport CY APR 19-21, 1999 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Amer Soc Testing & Mat, Comm E-47 Biol Effects & Environm Fate DE risk assessment; modeling; ecological; human; uncertainty; web-based AB The concept for a Web-Based Risk Assessment Modeling System was originally introduced during an U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Risk Assessment Modeling Workshop held in New Orleans, Louisiana, May 1998. The workshop included experts from across the country involved in the area of risk assessment modeling. The objective of the workshop was to conceptualize a procedure which could be utilized to develop a state-of-the-art modeling system to conduct risk assessments for both ecological and human endpoints. A key component for the system would be the requirement to address uncertainty involved in the modeling process. The uncertainty inherent in predicting ecological and human risk from contaminant uptake across spatial and temporal dimensions would have to be quantified. It was decided that the Army Risk Assessment Modeling System (ARAMS) would contain the following components: (1) screening level models, (2) comprehensive models, (3) population models, (4) an uncertainty component, (5) bioaccumulation databases, and (6) effects databases. ARAMS should allow the calculation of exposure concentrations in various media, the effects of the concentrations on human or ecological endpoints, and the associated risk while incorporating uncertainty. This paper describes in more detail the conceptual model constructed during the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers workshop. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Deliman, PN (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Waterways Expt Stn, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd,CEERD ES Q, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2861-4 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2000 VL 1381 BP 178 EP 191 DI 10.1520/STP14422S PG 14 WC Ecology; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA BP90R UT WOS:000086563700012 ER PT S AU Weisgerber, J Yang, J Fisher, P AF Weisgerber, J Yang, J Fisher, P BE White, JS TI Pacific Rim portable translator SO ENVISIONING MACHINE TRANSLATION IN THE INFORMATION FUTURE, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference of the Association-for-Machine-Translation-in-the-Americas CY OCT 10-14, 2000 CL CUERNAVACA, MEXICO SP Assoc Machine Translat Americas AB ARL's FALCon system has proven its integrated OCR and MT technology to be a valuable asset to soldiers in the field in both Bosnia and Haiti. Now it is being extended to include six more SYSTRAN language pairs in response to the military's need for automatic translation capabilities as they pursue US national objectives in East Asia. The Pacific Rim Portable Translator will provide robust automatic translation bidirectionally for English<---->Chinese, Japanese, and Korean, which will allow not only rapid assimilation of foreign information, but two-way communication as well for both the public and private sectors. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Systran Software Inc, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Weisgerber, J (reprint author), Systran Software Inc, 7855 Fay Ave, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-41117-8 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2000 VL 1934 BP 196 EP 201 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BU08U UT WOS:000174952300021 ER PT S AU Holland, M Schlesiger, C Tate, C AF Holland, M Schlesiger, C Tate, C BE White, JS TI Evaluating embedded machine translation in military field exercises SO ENVISIONING MACHINE TRANSLATION IN THE INFORMATION FUTURE, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference of the Association-for-Machine-Translation-in-the-Americas CY OCT 10-14, 2000 CL CUERNAVACA, MEXICO SP Assoc Machine Translat Americas AB "Embedded" machine translation (MT) refers to an end-to-end computational process of which MT is one of the components. Integrating these components and evaluating the whole has proved to be problematic. As an example of embedded MT, we describe a prototype system called Falcon, which permits paper documents to be scanned and translated into English. MT is thus embedded in the preprocessing of hardcopy pages and subject to its noise. Because Falcon is intended for use by people in the military who are trying to screen foreign documents, and not to understand them in detail, its application makes low demands on translation quality. We report on a series of user trials that speak to the utility of embedded MT in army tasks. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Holland, M (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM rnholland@arl.mil; cschles@arl.mil; ctate@arl.mil NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-41117-8 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2000 VL 1934 BP 239 EP 247 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BU08U UT WOS:000174952300027 ER PT B AU Defrank, JJ Guelta, M Harvey, S Fry, IJ Earley, JP Lupton, FS AF Defrank, JJ Guelta, M Harvey, S Fry, IJ Earley, JP Lupton, FS BE Zwanenburg, B Mikolajczyk, M Kielbasinski, P TI Biodegradation of hydrolyzed chemical warfare agents by bacterial consortia SO ENZYMES IN ACTION: GREEN SOLUTIONS FOR CHEMICAL PROBLEMS SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, PARTNERSHIP SUB-SERIES 1: DISARMAMENT TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the NATO-Advanced-Study-Institute on Enzymes in Heteroatom Chemistry CY JUN 19-30, 1999 CL BERG EN DAL, NETHERLANDS SP NATO ID MUSTARD C1 USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Defrank, JJ (reprint author), USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-6695-6 J9 NATO SCI PRT 1 DISAR PY 2000 VL 33 BP 193 EP 209 PG 17 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Organic SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry GA BR71V UT WOS:000167297900009 ER PT B AU Cheng, TC DeFrank, JJ AF Cheng, TC DeFrank, JJ BE Zwanenburg, B Mikolajczyk, M Kielbasinski, P TI Hydrolysis of organophosphorus compounds by bacterial prolidases SO ENZYMES IN ACTION: GREEN SOLUTIONS FOR CHEMICAL PROBLEMS SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, PARTNERSHIP SUB-SERIES 1: DISARMAMENT TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the NATO-Advanced-Study-Institute on Enzymes in Heteroatom Chemistry CY JUN 19-30, 1999 CL BERG EN DAL, NETHERLANDS SP NATO ID PARATHION HYDROLASE GENE; NERVE AGENT DECONTAMINATION; PSEUDOMONAS-DIMINUTA MG; ENZYMATIC-HYDROLYSIS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; FLAVOBACTERIUM SP; TETRAHYMENA-THERMOPHILA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; DETOXIFICATION; PURIFICATION C1 USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Cheng, TC (reprint author), USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 81 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-6695-6 J9 NATO SCI PRT 1 DISAR PY 2000 VL 33 BP 243 EP 261 PG 19 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Organic SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry GA BR71V UT WOS:000167297900012 ER PT J AU McDonough, JH Zoeffel, LD McMonagle, J Copeland, TL Smith, CD Shih, TM AF McDonough, JH Zoeffel, LD McMonagle, J Copeland, TL Smith, CD Shih, TM TI Anticonvulsant treatment of nerve agent seizures: anticholinergics versus diazepam in soman-intoxicated guinea pigs SO EPILEPSY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE seizure; status epilepticus; nerve agent; soman; anticonvulsant; anticholinergic; diazepam; EEG; neuropathology; guinea pig ID STATUS EPILEPTICUS; INDUCED NEUROPATHOLOGY; CARDIAC PATHOLOGY; TOKYO SUBWAY; EFFICACY; RATS; DRUGS; BRAIN; SARIN; SCOPOLAMINE AB A total of eight anticholinergic drugs (aprophen, atropine, azaprophen, benactyzine, biperiden, procyclidine, scopolamine, trihexyphenidyl) were tested in parallel with diazepam for the ability to terminate seizure activity induced by the nerve agent soman. Guinea pigs, implanted with electrodes to record cortical electroencephalographic (EEG) activity, were pretreated with pyridostigmine Br (0.026 mg/kg, i.m.) and 30 min later challenged with 2 x LD50 soman (56 mu g/kg, s.c.) followed 1 min later by treatment with atropine SO4 (2 mg/kg, i.m.) and pralidoxime chloride (2-PAM Cl; 25 mg/kg, i.m.). All guinea pigs developed sustained seizure activity following this treatment. Dose-effect curves were determined for the ability of each drug to terminate seizure activity when anticonvulsant treatment was given either 5 or 40 min after seizure onset. Body weight gain and recovery of behavioral performance of a previously trained one-way avoidance task were measured after exposure. With the exception of atropine, all anticholinergic drugs were effective at lower doses than diazepam in terminating seizures when given 5 min after seizure onset; benactyzine, procyclidine and aprophen terminated seizures most rapidly while scopolamine, trihexyphenidyl, biperiden, and diazepam were significantly slower. When given 40 min after seizure onset, diazepam was the most potent compound tested, followed by scopolamine, benactyzine and biperiden; atropine was not effective when tested 40 min after seizure onset. For diazepam, the time to terminate the seizure was the same whether it was given at the 5- or 40-min delay. In contrast, most anticholinergics were significantly slower in terminating seizure activity when given at the 40-min delay relative to when they were given at the 5-min delay. Successful control of seizure activity, regardless of the drug, was predictive of survival of the lethal effects of nerve agent exposure, a more rapid behavioral recovery (body weight, avoidance performance) and greater protection from neuropathology. In contrast, failure of a drug treatment to terminate seizure activity was closely associated with an increased probability of acute (< 24 h) and delayed (10-day survival) lethality, a slower behavioral recovery in survivors, and an increased incidence and degree of neuropathology. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, MCMR UV PA, Div Pharmacol, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP McDonough, JH (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, MCMR UV PA, Div Pharmacol, 3100 Ricketts Point Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 45 TC 95 Z9 95 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-1211 J9 EPILEPSY RES JI Epilepsy Res. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 38 IS 1 BP 1 EP 14 PG 14 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 263LX UT WOS:000084127100002 PM 10604601 ER PT J AU Lasiecka, I Marchand, R AF Lasiecka, I Marchand, R TI Optimal error estimates for FEM approximations of dynamic nonlinear shallow shells SO ESAIM-MATHEMATICAL MODELLING AND NUMERICAL ANALYSIS-MODELISATION MATHEMATIQUE ET ANALYSE NUMERIQUE LA English DT Article DE finite elements; nonlinear dynamic shells; optimal error estimates; global existence and uniqueness AB Finite element semidiscrete approximations on nonlinear dynamic shallow shell models in considered. It is shown that the algorithm leads to global, optimal rates of convergence. The result presented in the paper improves upon the existing literature where the rates of convergence were derived for small initial data only [19]. Mathematics Subject Classification. 65, 35. C1 Univ Virginia, Dept Math, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. US Mil Acad, Dept Math Sci, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Lasiecka, I (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Math, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. RI Lasiecka, Irena/C-1386-2013 NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0764-583X J9 ESAIM-MATH MODEL NUM JI ESAIM-Math. Model. Numer. Anal.-Model. Math. Anal. Numer. PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 34 IS 1 BP 63 EP 84 DI 10.1051/m2an:2000131 PG 22 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 317DP UT WOS:000087211300004 ER PT S AU Leinberger, W Karypis, G Kumar, V AF Leinberger, W Karypis, G Kumar, V BE Bode, A Ludwig, T Karl, W Wismuller, R TI Memory management techniques for gang scheduling SO EURO-PAR 2000 PARALLEL PROCESSING, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Euro-Par 2000 Conference CY AUG 29-SEP 01, 2000 CL MUNICH, GERMANY SP Tech Univ Munchen, Deutsch Forsch Gemeinsch, KON WIHR, ACM IFIP, IEEE Task Force Cluster Comp, Force Comp GmbH, Fujitsu Siemens Com Technol, Landesaupstadt Munchen, Lufthansa, Deutsch Bahn AG AB The addition of time-slicing to space-shared gang scheduling improves the average response time of the jobs in a typical job stream. Recent research has shown that time-slicing is most effective when the jobs admitted for execution fit entirely into physical memory. The question is, how to select and map jobs to make the best use of the available physical memory. Specifically, the achievable degree of mufti-programming is limited by the memory requirements, or physical memory pressure, of the admitted jobs. We investigate two techniques for improving the performance of gang scheduling in the presence of memory pressure: 1) a novel backfill approach which improves memory utilization, and 2) an adaptive mufti-programming level which balances processor/memory utilization with job response time performance. Our simulations show that these techniques reduce the average wait time and slow-down performance metrics over naive first-come-first-serve methods on a distributed memory parallel system. C1 Army High Performance Comp & Res Ctr, Minneapolis, MN USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Army High Performance Comp & Res Ctr, Minneapolis, MN USA. EM leinberg@cs.umn.edu; karypis@cs.umn.edu; kumar@cs.umn.edu NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-67956-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2000 VL 1900 BP 252 EP 261 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BY35X UT WOS:000189042500034 ER PT S AU Schloegel, K Karypis, G Kumar, V AF Schloegel, K Karypis, G Kumar, V BE Bode, A Ludwig, T Karl, W Wismuller, R TI Parallel multilevel algorithms for multi-constraint graph partitioning SO EURO-PAR 2000 PARALLEL PROCESSING, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Euro-Par 2000 Conference CY AUG 29-SEP 01, 2000 CL MUNICH, GERMANY SP Tech Univ Munchen, Deutsch Forsch Gemeinsch, KON WIHR, ACM IFIP, IEEE Task Force Cluster Comp, Force Comp GmbH, Fujitsu Siemens Com Technol, Landesaupstadt Munchen, Lufthansa, Deutsch Bahn AG AB Sequential multi-constraint graph partitioners have been developed to address the load balancing requirements of multi-phase simulations. The efficient execution of large multi-phase simulations on high performance parallel computers requires that the multi-constraint partitionings are computed in parallel. This paper presents a parallel formulation of a recently developed multi-constraint graph partitioning algorithm. We describe this algorithm and give experimental results conducted on a 128-processor Cray T3E. We show that our parallel algorithm is able to efficiently compute partitionings of similar edge-cuts as serial multi-constraint algorithms, and can scale to very large graphs. Our parallel multi-constraint graph partitioner is able to compute a three-constraint 128-way partitioning of a 7.5 million node graph in about 7 seconds on 128 processors of a Cray T3E. C1 Univ Minnesota, Army HPC Res Ctr, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Schloegel, K (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Army HPC Res Ctr, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM kirk@cs.umn.edu; karypis@cs.umn.edu; kumar@cs.umn.edu NR 12 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-67956-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2000 VL 1900 BP 296 EP 310 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BY35X UT WOS:000189042500039 ER PT J AU Kollars, TM Oliver, JH Masters, EJ Kollars, PG Durden, LA AF Kollars, TM Oliver, JH Masters, EJ Kollars, PG Durden, LA TI Host utilization and seasonal occurrence of Dermacentor species (Acari : Ixodidae) in Missouri, USA SO EXPERIMENTAL AND APPLIED ACAROLOGY LA English DT Article DE American dog tick; parasite-host interactions; Rocky Mountain spotted fever; winter tick; hosts; seasonal activity ID MOUNTAIN-SPOTTED-FEVER; AMERICAN DOG TICK; SIZED WILD MAMMALS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; VARIABILIS ACARI; UNITED-STATES; TENNESSEE; AREA; VIRGINIA; ECOLOGY AB A total of 3,235 Dermacentor variabilis (Say) specimens were collected from birds, mammals, and by dragging vegetation, and 2,683 D. albipictus (Packard) ticks were collected from deer from 1993 to 1996. Peak seasonal occurrence of adult D. variabilis was from May through July with a precipitous decrease in August. Nymphal D. variabilis populations peaked in June. Peak activity of larvae was bimodal, with one activity peak during late summer (September) and a second peak in winter or early spring. The raccoon, Procyon lotor (L.), was the principal host of adults followed by the Virginia opossum, Didelphis virginiana Kerr. Rodents and the eastern cottontail rabbit, Sylvilagus floridanus (J. A. Allen), were the primary hosts of nymphs. The marsh rice rat, Oryzomys palustris (Harlan), was the principal host of larvae followed by the pine vole, Microtus pinetorum (Le Conte), and white-footed mouse, Peromyscus leucopus (Rafinesque). All stages of D. albipictus were found only on white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmermann). Numbers of adult and nymphal D. albipictus peaked in November, whereas larvae peaked in September. C1 Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, USA Med Component, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Georgia So Univ, Inst Arthropodol & Parasitol, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. Reg Primary Care Inc, Cape Girardeau, MO 63731 USA. RP Kollars, TM (reprint author), Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, USA Med Component, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. FU NIAID NIH HHS [R37AI24899]; PHS HHS [U50/CCU410281] NR 32 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 13 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-8162 J9 EXP APPL ACAROL JI Exp. Appl. Acarol. PY 2000 VL 24 IS 8 BP 631 EP 643 DI 10.1023/A:1026566301325 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 376UR UT WOS:000165475600004 PM 11201355 ER PT J AU Peck, L AF Peck, L TI Impact testing of pvdf strain gages at+23 to-21 degrees C: Assessment of cold regions suitability SO EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Peck, L (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS PI BETHEL PA 7 SCHOOL STREET, BETHEL, CT 06801 USA SN 0732-8818 J9 EXP TECHNIQUES JI Exp. Tech. PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 24 IS 1 BP 33 EP 35 DI 10.1111/j.1747-1567.2000.tb01334.x PG 3 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Mechanics; Materials Science GA 278XF UT WOS:000085013700010 ER PT S AU Vigilante, GN Underwood, JH Crayon, D AF Vigilante, GN Underwood, JH Crayon, D BE Jerina, KL Paris, PC TI Use of the instrumented bolt and constant displacement bold-loaded specimen to measure in-situ hydrogen crack growth in high-strength steels SO FATIGUE AND FRACTURE MECHANICS: 30TH VOLUME SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th National Symposium on Fatigue and Fracture Mechanics CY JUN 23-25, 1998 CL WASHINGTON UNIV, ST LOUIS, MO HO WASHINGTON UNIV DE hydrogen-induced cracking; hydrogen embrittlement; environmental cracking; environmental fracture; instrumented bolt; bolt-loaded specimen; high-strength steels; A723; AF1410; AerMet 100 AB The aggressive environments experienced by large-caliber gun tubes during processing and firing have led to much investigation of the hydrogen-induced cracking susceptibility of high-strength steels. Constant displacement bolt-loaded specimens were used to determine the hydrogen crack growth rates and threshold stress intensities of AF1410, both conventionally and isothermally heat treated, and AerMet 100. The severe susceptibility of high-strength steels necessitated the application and modification of a low-cost, highly reliable in-situ crack measurement method, the instrumented bolt. The instrumented bolt consisted of a full bridge, strain-gaged stainless steel bolt coupled to an automatic data acquisition system. New expressions were developed for use with the instrumented bolt and bolt-loaded specimen to relate load to crack growth. Stage II crack growth rates for the AF1410 were 1.1 X 10(-2) and 2.3 X 10(-2) mm/s for conventional and isothermal AF1410, respectively. Threshold stress intensity levels for AF1410 were 16.0 and 13.7 MPa.m(1/2), respectively. Stage II crack growth rates for AerMet 100 were 2.4 X 10(-2) mm/s, while the threshold stress intensity was 14.1 MPa.m(1/2). C1 USA, Armament Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Watervliet, NY 12189 USA. RP Vigilante, GN (reprint author), USA, Armament Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Watervliet, NY 12189 USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2617-4 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2000 VL 1360 BP 377 EP 387 DI 10.1520/STP13415S PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Mechanics; Materials Science GA BP43D UT WOS:000085119500025 ER PT J AU Ulrich, RG AF Ulrich, RG TI Evolving superantigens of Staphylococcus aureus SO FEMS IMMUNOLOGY AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE superantigen; Staphylococcus aureus; autoimmunity; toxic-shock syndrome; virulence factor; HLA-DR; T-cell receptor ID TOXIC-SHOCK-SYNDROME; GENE REGULATOR AGR; T-CELL ACTIVATION; ENTEROTOXIN-A; BACTERIAL SUPERANTIGENS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; KAWASAKI-DISEASE; HLA-DR; BINDING; EXPRESSION AB Staphylococcus aureus bacteria utilize an extensive array of molecular countermeasures to manipulate the defensive microenvironment of the infected host and colonize potentially any tissue. The secreted polypeptides referred to as superantigens are unique among these countermeasures, because they target the multireceptor communication between T cells and antigen-presenting cells that is fundamental to initiating pathogen-specific immune clearance. Superantigens play a critical role in toxic-shock syndrome and food poisoning, yet their function in routine infections is not well understood. While an association of superantigens with cases of human autoimmune disease seems tantalizing, convincing data are not yet available. Blocking antigen-specific T-cell recognition is the primary evolutionary driving force behind superantigen selection, whereas superantigen-specific pathologies are by-products that are apparent only under select conditions. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Lab Mol Immunol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Ulrich, RG (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Lab Mol Immunol, 1425 Porter St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 56 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0928-8244 J9 FEMS IMMUNOL MED MIC JI FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 27 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 273FD UT WOS:000084696500001 PM 10617783 ER PT J AU Mukherjee, A Srivastava, SL Beresnev, LA AF Mukherjee, A Srivastava, SL Beresnev, LA TI Phason and amplitudon relaxation processes of a low pitch and large spontaneous polarization ferroelectric liquid crystal mixture SO FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article ID A-STAR-PHASE; DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; ELECTRIC-FIELD; GOLDSTONE MODE; SOFT MODE; TRANSITION; BEHAVIOR AB Dielectric strength(Delta epsilon), relaxation frequency(f(rg)), Cole-Cole distribution parameter (h) and de conductivity (sigma (dc)) for phason fluctuations in SmCa phase and amplitudon fluctuations in SmA* phase have been determined for a 15 mum thick planar oriented ferroelectric liquid crystal mixture FLC#252 of high spontaneous polarization and low pitch (z=0.3-0.5 mum). From the dielectric strength and relaxation frequency of the Goldstone mode, phason rotational viscosity (gamma (phi)) and elastic constant (K-phi) have been calculated, Away from the transition temperature (T-C*(A)*=51.4 degreesC), phason relaxation frequencies and rotational viscosities obey the Arrhenius behaviour. The soft mode relaxation frequencies in SmA* phase (f(rs)) do not follow the Arrhenius nature, whereas the soft mode rotational viscosities (gamma (theta)) obey it. For the soft mode in SmA* phase it is observed that dielectric strength (Delta epsilon (s)), dielectric loss (epsilon"((max))) and (r-1) (r is the ratio of the static dielectric constant epsilon (0) to the high frequency limiting dielectric constant epsilon(proportional to)) follow the Curie-Weiss law. C1 Univ Allahabad, Dept Phys, Allahabad 211002, Uttar Pradesh, India. USA, Res Lab, Intelligent Opt Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Srivastava, SL (reprint author), Univ Allahabad, Dept Phys, Allahabad 211002, Uttar Pradesh, India. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0015-0193 J9 FERROELECTRICS JI Ferroelectrics PY 2000 VL 247 IS 4 BP 283 EP 296 DI 10.1080/00150190008225012 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 384UN UT WOS:000165964500005 ER PT J AU Snyder, AP Maswadeh, WM Tripathi, A Dworzanski, JP AF Snyder, AP Maswadeh, WM Tripathi, A Dworzanski, JP TI Detection of gram-negative Erwinia herbicola outdoor aerosols with pyrolysis-gas chromatography/ion-mobility spectrometry SO FIELD ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pyrolysis; ion-mobility spectrometry; field biodetection; biodetection; aerosol concentrator; gas chromatography; biological aerosols; Erwinia herbicola; bacteria ID FLIGHT MASS-SPECTROMETRY; AIRBORNE BIOLOGICAL PARTICLES; REAL-TIME MEASUREMENT; MURAMIC ACID; CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS; ORGANIC DUST; BIOAEROSOLS; FLUORESCENCE; BACTERIA; SYSTEM AB Aerosol particulate species of the gram-negative bacterium Erwinia herbicola (EH) were detected by stand-alone, analytical instrumentation in an outdoor western United States desert test site. The device consisted of an aerosol collector interfaced to a quartz-tube pyrolysis-gas chromatography/ion-mobility spectrometer (Py-GC/IMS). The detector is about the size of a shoe-box, that is, 12 x 9 x 6 in. Bacterial aerosols and back ground particulates in the 2 to 10 mu m-diameter range were collected by a 1000-l/min aerosol concentrator and deposited onto a filter in a quartz tube. Rapid heating to 350 degrees C in 5 s effected vaporization, and a portion of the pyrolyzate was directed into a GC column. The eluate was detected by the atmospheric-pressure-based IMS. A distinct peak in the GC/IMS data window was used to signal the presence of the EH bacterial aerosol. The sensitivity of this method was relatively good in that values down to five EH-containing aerosol particles per liter of air could be detected in approximately 2.5 min. (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. GeoCtr Inc, Gunpowder Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Univ Utah, Ctr Micro Anal & React Chem, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Snyder, AP (reprint author), USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 64 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1086-900X J9 FIELD ANAL CHEM TECH JI Field Anal. Chem. Technol. PY 2000 VL 4 IS 2-3 BP 111 EP 126 DI 10.1002/1520-6521(2000)4:2/3<111::AID-FACT5>3.0.CO;2-A PG 16 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 329PR UT WOS:000087916500005 ER PT J AU Costanza, J Davis, WM AF Costanza, J Davis, WM TI Rapid detection of volatile organic compounds in the subsurface by membrane introduction into a direct sampling ion-trap mass spectrometer SO FIELD ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE site characterization; volatile organic compounds (VOC); membrane-interface mass spectrometry; cone penetrometry AB The Triservice Site Characterization and Analysis Penetrometer System (SCAPS) was developed to reduce the time and cost required for site characterization. Direct-push sensors were developed to detect specific classes of contaminants, such as petroleum hydrocarbons, explosive compounds, radionuclides, metals, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), This article describes the demonstration of a direct-push sensor that can quantify VOC contamination in the subsurface in real time. This system consists of a membrane interface probe (MIP) manufactured by Geoprobe Systems coupled to a direct sampling ion-trap mass spectrometer (ITMS), The ITMS-MIP system was shown to rapidly collect and analyze samples from the subsurface, regardless of matrix. Two of the five demonstrations discussed resulted in a strong linear correlation (r(2) = 0.9) with validation samples analyzed using EPA Method 8260, The other three demonstrations revealed that the calibration method used in this work introduced a bias compared to EPA methods.* (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 USN, Facil Engn Serv Ctr, Port Hueneme, CA 93043 USA. USA, Waterways Expt Stn, Environm Lab, Engineers, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Costanza, J (reprint author), USN, Facil Engn Serv Ctr, 1100 23rd Ave, Port Hueneme, CA 93043 USA. NR 12 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 10 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1086-900X J9 FIELD ANAL CHEM TECH JI Field Anal. Chem. Technol. PY 2000 VL 4 IS 5 BP 246 EP 254 DI 10.1002/1520-6521(2000)4:5<246::AID-FACT4>3.0.CO;2-W PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 368JW UT WOS:000090114700004 ER PT S AU Taleghani, B AF Taleghani, B BE Gobin, PF Friend, CM TI Validation of high displacement piezoelectric actuator finite element models SO FIFTH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON SMART STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th European Conference on Smart Structures and Materials CY MAY 22-24, 2000 CL GLASGOW, SCOTLAND SP European Opt Soc, SPIE, Scottish Enterprise, Greater Glasgow & Clyde Valley Tourist Board, IEE, IMechE DE NASTRAN (R); ANSYS (R); finite element; THUNDER; piezoelectric; actuator AB The paper presents the results obtained by using NASTRAN(R) and ANSYS(R) finite element codes to predict doming of the THUNDER piezoelectric actuators during the manufacturing process and subsequent straining due to an applied input voltage. To effectively use such devices in engineering applications, modeling and characterization are essential. Length, width, dome height, and thickness are important parameters for users of such devices. Therefore, finite element models were used to assess the effects of these parameters. NASTRAN(R) and ANSYS(R) used different methods for modeling piezoelectric effects. In NASTRAN(R), a thermal analogy was used to represent voltage at nodes as equivalent temperatures, while ANSYS(R) processed the voltage directly using piezoelectric finite elements. The results of finite element models were validated by using the experimental results. C1 USA, NASA, Res Lab,Langley Res Ctr, Vehicle Technol Directorate, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. RP Taleghani, B (reprint author), USA, NASA, Res Lab,Langley Res Ctr, Vehicle Technol Directorate, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. NR 6 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3710-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4073 BP 37 EP 45 DI 10.1117/12.396405 PG 9 WC Acoustics; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Robotics; Optics SC Acoustics; Computer Science; Materials Science; Mechanics; Robotics; Optics GA BR41Q UT WOS:000166341600004 ER PT B AU Kimsey, KD Schraml, SJ AF Kimsey, KD Schraml, SJ BE Topping, BHV TI Penetration of multiple, axially offset, disk-shaped penetrators SO FINITE ELEMENTS: TECHNIQUES AND DEVELOPMENTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Computational Structures Technology/2nd International Conference on Engineering Computational Technology CY SEP 06-08, 2000 CL LEUVEN, BELGIUM ID MECHANICS; TARGETS; RODS; PERFORMANCE; IMPACT AB The terminal ballistic performance of high-velocity, low length-to-diameter ratio projectiles impacting steel targets has been a topic of considerable interest in penetration mechanics to evaluate the efficacy of segmented projectiles. A computational study has been conducted to examine the penetration performance of multiple (3), axially offset, disk-shaped projectiles impacting semi-infinite rolled homogeneous armor. A constant 3.25 projectile diameter separation distance between each disk-shaped projectile was maintained for the impact conditions modeled in this study. The three-dimensional (3-D) simulations suggest that the total depth of penetration into steel is not degraded for disk offsets less than 0.5 projectile diameters based on the range of disk offsets modeled in the study. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen, MD 21001 USA. RP Kimsey, KD (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen, MD 21001 USA. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CIVIL COMP PRESS PI EDINBURGH PA 10 SAXE-COBURG PLACE, EDINBURGH EH3 5BR, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND BN 0-948749-67-9 PY 2000 BP 225 EP 230 PG 4 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BR26Z UT WOS:000165984200025 ER PT S AU Catalano, GD AF Catalano, GD BE Tomasini, EP TI An investigation of the characteristics of the inner product calculation in high speed signal analysis SO FOURTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON VIBRATION MEASUREMENTS BY LASER TECHNIQUES: ADVANCES AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Vibration Measurements by Laser Techniques CY JUN 21-23, 2000 CL ANCONA, ITALY SP Italian Assoc Laser Velocimetry, Univ Studi Ancona, Dept Meccan AB In the present investigation, the characteristics of the integrated inner product calculation as a function of Doppler frequency present in signal analysis have been explored The integrated inner product is an estimate of the distance measurement in space or time between the reference signal and the target signal. Various techniques have been examined with the underlying goal to increase the speed of the actual calculations and possible interpretations for varying scaling and tarnslation parameters. The integrated inner productor distance measurement as a function of scaling, translation and frequency is shown graphically. All computations and graphical depictions are performed using Mathematica. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Civil Engn & Mech, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Catalano, GD (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Civil Engn & Mech, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3709-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4072 BP 348 EP 353 DI 10.1117/12.386748 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Mechanics; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Mechanics; Optics GA BQ54D UT WOS:000088696200038 ER PT B AU Cogan, J Kirby, S AF Cogan, J Kirby, S GP AMS AMS TI A highly mobile system for near real time measurement, analysis, and prediction over mesoscale areas SO FOURTH SYMPOSIUM ON INTEGRATED OBSERVING SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Symposium on Integrated Observing Systems CY JAN 09-14, 2000 CL LONG BEACH, CA SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 USA, Res Lab, White Sands Missile Rang, NM 88002 USA. RP Cogan, J (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, White Sands Missile Rang, NM 88002 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2000 BP 21 EP 25 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BS02X UT WOS:000168377700005 ER PT B AU Vaucher, GT Creegan, E Elliott, S Quintis, D Yarbrough, J Brown, R AF Vaucher, GT Creegan, E Elliott, S Quintis, D Yarbrough, J Brown, R GP AMS AMS TI A meteorological sensor data integration technique (part I) SO FOURTH SYMPOSIUM ON INTEGRATED OBSERVING SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Symposium on Integrated Observing Systems CY JAN 09-14, 2000 CL LONG BEACH, CA SP Amer Meteorol Soc AB The Army Research Laboratory Meteorological Measuring Set - Profiler(MMS-P) Concept, integrates data from a Wind Profiling Radar, a Meteorological Satellite Data Receiver, a Radiometer and a Surface Sensor. Though not a part of the primary MMS-P Concept sensor suite, rawinsonde measurements are also acquired. This article presents a case in which the standard data acquisition/processing assumptions challenged the normal multi-sensor data integration techniques. C1 USA, Res Lab, White Sands Missile Rang, NM 88002 USA. RP Vaucher, GT (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, White Sands Missile Rang, NM 88002 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2000 BP 84 EP 85 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BS02X UT WOS:000168377700018 ER PT S AU Kuo, CY Freeman, RB AF Kuo, CY Freeman, RB GP TRB TRB TRB TRB TI Imaging indices for quantification of shape, angularity, and surface texture of aggregates SO GEOMATERIALS 2000: SOILS, GEOLOGY, AND FOUNDATIONS; MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTION SE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 79th Annual Meeting of the Transportation-Research-Board CY JAN 09-13, 2000 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Transportat Res Board AB Three image indices are presented that characterize aggregates in a hierarchical scheme involving overall shape (or form), roundness of corners, and particle surface texture. The corresponding dimensionless image indices are called aspect ratio, angularity, and roughness, respectively. Calculating these indices requires that image-analysis techniques be used to find the following data for a sample of two-dimensional particle images: shortest and longest dimensions, perimeters, convex perimeters, and perimeters of ellipses with areas equivalent to those of the associated particles. To demonstrate the usefulness of these three dimensionless indices, selected sieve-size fractions for 25 fine-aggregate sources were subjected to image-analysis testing and to uncompacted void testing (ASTM C1252). Both uncompacted void contents and image-analysis indices could generally differentiate between natural sands and crushed fine aggregates. However, the image-analysis indices provided additional useful information. For example, the image-analysis results identified that two sources of crushed fine aggregates had relatively low uncompacted void contents because they had relatively smooth surface textures or relatively low aspect ratios. In addition, the image-analysis results were able to distinguish morphological differences between aggregate sources that were measured to have similar uncompacted void contents. C1 Univ Akron, Dept Civil Engn, ASEC 21OE, Akron, OH 44325 USA. USA, R&D Ctr, CEWES GP Q, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Kuo, CY (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Civil Engn, ASEC 21OE, Akron, OH 44325 USA. NR 25 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL PI WASHINGTON PA 500 FIFTH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001 USA SN 0361-1981 BN 0-309-06730-8 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC PY 2000 IS 1721 BP 57 EP 65 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BU58Q UT WOS:000176426100007 ER PT S AU Janoo, V Shepherd, K AF Janoo, V Shepherd, K GP TRB TI Seasonal variation of moisture and subsurface layer moduli SO GEOTECHNICAL ASPECTS OF PAVEMENTS 2000: SOILS, GEOLOGY, AND FOUNDATIONS SE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 79th Annual Meeting of the Transportation-Research-Board CY JAN 09-13, 2000 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Transportat Res Board AB In 1995 the Montana Department of Transportation initiated a study on the seasonal variation of pavement strength, with an emphasis on spring thawing. Ten sites representing a cross section of Montana subgrade soil and pavement structure were selected and instrumented with moisture and temperature sensors. Field measurements of surface deflections, moistures, and temperatures were initiated in autumn 1996 and continued through the spring of 1997. The moisture and deflection data were used to determine the thaw-weakening characteristics of the sites and to develop subgrade modulus values for use in the future design of pavement structures using AASHTO mechanistic design methodology. Results indicated that in several areas not only the subgrade but also the base course layers were prone to thaw weakening. The length of thaw weakening varied from 4 days to a 3-week period. In addition, it was found that in almost all cases the subsurface moisture content began to increase rapidly when the subsurface temperature rose to around-2 degreesC during the spring. In some cases it was found that when the subsurface temperature finally warmed to 0 degreesC, the moisture content had reached its prefreeze value. This research provides a general description of the test sites and measurements; it quantifies the effects of thaw weakening on typical roads in Montana based on deflection and surface and subsurface moisture and temperature. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Montana Dept Transportat, Helena, MT 59620 USA. RP Janoo, V (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL PI WASHINGTON PA 500 FIFTH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001 USA SN 0361-1981 BN 0-309-06688-3 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC PY 2000 IS 1709 BP 98 EP 107 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Geology; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Geology; Transportation GA BU72H UT WOS:000176836700012 ER PT S AU Moran, ML Arcone, SA Greenfield, RJ AF Moran, ML Arcone, SA Greenfield, RJ BE Noon, DA Stickley, GF Longstaff, D TI GPR radiation pattern effects on 3-D Kirchhoff array imaging SO GPR 2000: PROCEEDINGS OF THE EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GROUND PENETRATING RADAR SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR 2000) CY MAY 23-26, 2000 CL UNIV QUEENSLAND, GOLD COAST, AUSTRALIA SP CSIRO, GSSI, Georadar Res, Mala Geosci, Roadscanners, CSSIP HO UNIV QUEENSLAND DE radar; army; radiation patterns; Kirchhoff; migration; diffraction integration ID MIGRATION AB A variety of 2-D acoustic migration algorithm are routinely applied to ground penetrating radar (GPR) array data to form images of reflecting surfaces. Fn a few instances 3-D migration has been preformed. We demonstrate the GPR dipole radiation effects on imaging planar reflection surfaces under a 3-D acoustic Kirchhoff imaging condition. This is accomplished by analyzing migration results using synthetic GPR array data generated with a new diffraction integration method that includes interfacial dipole radiation patterns. The impact of the GPR radiation pattern is demonstrated on migration images by considering three antennas types (isotropic, x-, and y-dipoles). For all the results discussed we use the relative dielectric permittivity for ice, and monostatic transmitter and receiver geometry. We find that an array having a 2.5:1 length-to-width (x:y) ratio and populated with isotropic elements, has a directivity of 4.8. The same array using x-oriented antenna elements has a directivity of 11; with y-oriented elements the directivity is 7. The dipole radiation pattern dominates the array factor. In migration results, when the array factor is aligned with the H-plane dipole pattern, surfaces as steep as 45 degrees are readily imaged. Conversely, when the array factor is aligned with the E-plane pattern, reflectors with dips as low as 20 degrees are difficult to image. These results stress that correct dipole orientation with-in the imaging array is vital for achieving optimal reflector images using migration techniques. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Moran, ML (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3726-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4084 BP 208 EP 212 DI 10.1117/12.383563 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Geology; Optics GA BQ56J UT WOS:000088778100037 ER PT S AU Moran, ML Arcone, SA Delaney, AJ Greenfield, RJ AF Moran, ML Arcone, SA Delaney, AJ Greenfield, RJ BE Noon, DA Stickley, GF Longstaff, D TI Delineation of a temperate glacier bed using 3-D migration SO GPR 2000: PROCEEDINGS OF THE EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GROUND PENETRATING RADAR SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR 2000) CY MAY 23-26, 2000 CL UNIV QUEENSLAND, GOLD COAST, AUSTRALIA SP CSIRO, GSSI, Georadar Res, Mala Geosci, Roadscanners, CSSIP HO UNIV QUEENSLAND DE radar; array; 3-D; Kirchhoff; migration; temperate glacier ID RADAR; ICE; USA AB We have defined the complex bed topography for a section of a small temperate glacier using 50-MHz monostatic short-pulse radar data and a synthetic aperture army processing method. The data were collected on a 100- by 340-m array grid in the upper stem of the Gulkana Glacier of central Alaska The array processing was based on a modified 3-D Kirchhoff migration integral and implemented with a synthetic aperture approach that uses sequences of overlapping subarrays to generate depth images in vertical planes. Typical subarray beam widths are generally less than 5 degrees at the -6-dB level, giving a flashlight-like searching capability without distorting the wavelet shape. The bed topography was constructed using specular reflections picked from 3-D array depth images. In some instances reflections were imaged outside the data coverage area The bed surface dips steeply, both parallel and transverse to the direction of ice now. The maximum observed depth is roughly 140 m The 3-D method resolved bed dips up to 45 degrees. In regions of steepest dip, it improved depth accuracy by 36% compared with raw data, and by 15% compared with standard 2-D migration Over 12 dB of signal-to-noise improvement and improved spatial resolution were achieved compared to raw data and 2-D migration. False bottom layering from out-of-plane arrivals, seen in the raw data and in 2-D migrations, are not observed in the 3-D array results. Furthermore, loss of bottom reflections are shown by the 3-D migration to be attributable to the dip and curvature of the reflector, and not scattering losses or signal clutter from englacial inclusions. C1 Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Moran, ML (reprint author), Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3726-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4084 BP 236 EP 242 DI 10.1117/12.383569 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Geology; Optics GA BQ56J UT WOS:000088778100042 ER PT S AU Arcone, SA Lawson, DE Delaney, AJ Moran, M AF Arcone, SA Lawson, DE Delaney, AJ Moran, M BE Noon, DA Stickley, GF Longstaff, D TI 12-100 MHz depth and stratigraphic profiles of temperate glaciers SO GPR 2000: PROCEEDINGS OF THE EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GROUND PENETRATING RADAR SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR 2000) CY MAY 23-26, 2000 CL UNIV QUEENSLAND, GOLD COAST, AUSTRALIA SP CSIRO, GSSI, Georadar Res, Mala Geosci, Roadscanners, CSSIP HO UNIV QUEENSLAND DE radar; glaciers; ice depth; stratigraphy ID BASAL ICE; USA; ALASKA; RADAR AB Current practice prescribes the long standing use of frequencies less than 10 MHz for GPR sounding of temperate glaciers to depths greater than about 100 m. We have obtained continuous profiles of ice depth over temperate ablation zones and have reached at least 278 m at 30 MHz on the Matanuska, 195 m at 100-MHz on the Muir and 295 m at 12 MHz on the Gulkana Glaciers of Alaska. Internal stratigraphy occurs in the Matanuska profile. Multiple bottom returns are ascribed to thrust planes and out-of-plane reflections from sloping bottoms. Inability to reach greater depths is ascribed to unfavorable bottom slopes, as verified try drilling on the Matanuska, and by beam steering studies on the Gulkana. Lateral wave clutter contaminates profiles at all frequencies and polarizations where crevasses are present. The strength of 12-MHz Gulkana bottom signals precluded the use of range gain and suggests that 500 m depth might be achieved at 12-30 MHz. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Arcone, SA (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3726-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4084 BP 377 EP 382 DI 10.1117/12.383596 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Geology; Optics GA BQ56J UT WOS:000088778100068 ER PT S AU Arcone, SA Delaney, AJ AF Arcone, SA Delaney, AJ BE Noon, DA Stickley, GF Longstaff, D TI GPR images of hidden crevasses in Antarctica SO GPR 2000: PROCEEDINGS OF THE EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GROUND PENETRATING RADAR SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR 2000) CY MAY 23-26, 2000 CL UNIV QUEENSLAND, GOLD COAST, AUSTRALIA SP CSIRO, GSSI, Georadar Res, Mala Geosci, Roadscanners, CSSIP HO UNIV QUEENSLAND DE radar; crevasses; Antarctica ID HIGH-RESOLUTION; RADAR AB We have used airborne and ground-based GPR at 400-500 MHz to image hidden crevasses in Antarctica. The radar antennas were either pushed in front of a snowmobile, or cantilevered from a helicopter flying at about 6 m altitude and speeds near 15 m/s. We used a high trace acquisition rate, long time ranges, and migration to show snow bridge depth, crevasse width, septums between crevasses, connecting cavities and associated folded strata in the ground-based profiles. The crevasse images are formed by the discontinuities in reflections from the stratified firn. Diffractions from crevasse walls are strongly single-sided, originate from point and linear discontinuities, and provide advance warning. Airborne recorded images are similar, but less detailed than surface images. An increased trace rate could improve airborne imaging and allow greater profile speeds. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Arcone, SA (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3726-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4084 BP 760 EP 765 DI 10.1117/12.383512 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Geology; Optics GA BQ56J UT WOS:000088778100131 ER PT S AU Arcone, SA Delaney, AJ Prentice, ME AF Arcone, SA Delaney, AJ Prentice, ME BE Noon, DA Stickley, GF Longstaff, D TI Stratigraphic profiling in the Antarctic Dry Valleys SO GPR 2000: PROCEEDINGS OF THE EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GROUND PENETRATING RADAR SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR 2000) CY MAY 23-26, 2000 CL UNIV QUEENSLAND, GOLD COAST, AUSTRALIA SP CSIRO, GSSI, Georadar Res, Mala Geosci, Roadscanners, CSSIP HO UNIV QUEENSLAND DE radar; Dry Valleys; Antarctica ID TRANSANTARCTIC MOUNTAINS; GLACIER; RADAR; ICE AB We have obtained the first ground-penetrating radar profiles of permafrost in the Dry Valleys of Antarctica. The area has long been thought of as a possible analog for Martian conditions. We interpret deltaic glacio-fluvial outwash, the disposition of lodgement till, and eroded outwash previously thought to be terminal moraine from 100- and 400-MHz profiles at selected sites in McKelvey, central Wright and lower Taylor Valleys, respectively. The relative permittivity appears to range between about 4-5.5, which is consistent with the dense silty and sandy gravel, mineralogy and low ice content Maximum depth of stratigraphy profiled was about 30 m Weak interface reflectivity may limit interpretation of maximum penetration because absorption should be low, and scarce diffractions at depth imply weak scattering at 100 MHz. Future GPR systems in the Dry Valleys and on Mars should use colinear antennas to accomodate the rocky surfaces, and lower frequencies to search for deeper reflectors such as bedrock. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Arcone, SA (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3726-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4084 BP 772 EP 777 DI 10.1117/12.383514 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Geology; Optics GA BQ56J UT WOS:000088778100133 ER PT J AU Levy, J Ludy, EE AF Levy, J Ludy, EE TI Uncertainty quantification for delineation of wellhead protection areas using the Gauss-Hermite quadrature approach SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID CAPTURE ZONES AB Missing from most wellhead protection area (WHPA) delineation studies is a measure of the uncertainty associated with model predictions. A quantitative representation of that uncertainty can be used by regulators to implement different degrees of protection for areas with different degrees of certainty. Uncertainty analysis was performed for one- and five-year WHPA delineation for two municipal wells within a buried-valley glacial-outwash aquifer in southwestern Ohio. An approximation of the three-point Gauss-Hermite quadrature formula was used. This method is an alternative to simple Monte Carlo random sampling, typically requiring fewer model runs. It results in model-prediction expected values and variances and quantifies parameter main and two-way interactive effects. This study explored the collective impact of the uncertainties associated with six model parameters. Parameter probability density functions (PDFs) were based on field data and modified using a ground water pow model to ensure that all combinations of parameter values, within their PDFs, yielded an acceptable model calibration. The one-year WHPA for the upgradient well had a high degree of associated uncertainty represented by the difference in size between the WHPA low and high 95% confidence interval limits. The large uncertainty was due to the uncertainties associated with model parameter values, especially effective porosity and horizontal hydraulic conductivity. River conductance also had a substantial impact on the WHPA predictions. The WHPAs for the downgradient well and the five-year WHPA for the upgradient well were limited by upgradient hydrogeologic boundaries; their prediction was, therefore, less sensitive to the uncertainties inherent in the model parameters. C1 Miami Univ, Dept Geol, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Topog Engn Ctr, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. RP Levy, J (reprint author), Miami Univ, Dept Geol, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. NR 18 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 38 IS 1 BP 63 EP 75 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2000.tb00203.x PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 326WW UT WOS:000087761100017 ER PT B AU Zakikhani, M Pennington, JC Harrelson, DW Gunnison, D Brannon, JM Ringelberg, D Perkins, E AF Zakikhani, M Pennington, JC Harrelson, DW Gunnison, D Brannon, JM Ringelberg, D Perkins, E BE Bjerg, PL Engesgaard, P Krom, TD TI Evaluation of monitored natural attenuation of explosives at selected Department of Defense sites SO GROUNDWATER 2000 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Groundwater Research CY JUN 06-08, 2000 CL COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SP Tech Univ Denmark, Groundwater Res Ctr, Danish Water Resources Comm, European Sci Fdn, Groundwater Pollut Programme, COWI Fdn, Danish Environm Protect Agcy, Int Assoc Hydrol Sci, UNESCO, Int Hydrol Programme, Geol Survey Denmark, Geol Survey Greenland, Soc Environm Engn DE natural attenuation; explosives; groundwater; biomarker; CPT; modeling AB Natural attenuation of explosives may occur through microbial mineralization, microbial transformation, and/or immobilization. A demonstration of natural attenuation of explosives was conducted at a former waste lagoon area, at the Louisiana Army Ammunition Plant (LAAP). Objectives of the demonstration were to establish through appropriate site monitoring that natural attenuation is occurring, to develop guidance for selection of monitored natural attenuation as a remediation alternative, and to develop a protocol for implementation of monitored natural attenuation. Trends in contaminant concentration were generally static to declining over time. Results of batch and column tests indicated that the soils at LAAP have low sorptive capacity and slow transformation rates for the explosives. Initial biomarker results indicate low levels of direct and cometabolic microbial activity against explosives. A protocol which addresses selection, implementation and regulatory issues associated with monitored natural attenuation of explosives was developed. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS USA. RP Zakikhani, M (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5809-133-3 PY 2000 BP 349 EP 350 PG 2 WC Engineering, Environmental; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BQ45E UT WOS:000088384300157 ER PT B AU Parker, MF Mooradian, GC Okimoto, GS O'Connor, DM Miyazawa, K Saggese, SJ AF Parker, MF Mooradian, GC Okimoto, GS O'Connor, DM Miyazawa, K Saggese, SJ BE DiPaola, GR Sardi, J TI Screening and diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) by hyperspectral diagnostic imaging (HSDI) SO GYNECOLOGIC ONCOLOGY ISSUES IN THE 8TH IGCS MEETING OF BUENOS AIRES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Meeting of the International-Gynecologic-Cancer-Society CY OCT 22-26, 2000 CL BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA SP Int Gynecol Canc Soc ID PRECANCER; LESIONS AB We are developing a noncontact hyperspectral diagnostic imaging (HSDI) device for the detection of CIN. The cervix is scanned with ultraviolet (UV) light. Fluorescence emitted from the cervix is collected and analyzed. Neural nets are trained to diagnose CIN by discerning unique spectral patterns for different types of normal cervical tissue and CIN. More than 60 women have been scanned with our second generation HSDI instrument. Twenty of the cases with concordant pathology results and various degrees of CIN were selected for intrapatient neural net construction using > 4000 pixels. Use of these nets to classify > 1000 test pixels yielded an average correct classification rate of about 95%. Using > 2300 pixels from 12 women, interpatient neural nets were constructed to assess the ability of HSDI to discriminate between CIN 1 and normal tissue types across patients. Testing on > 2000 pixels found average correct classification rates of greater than or equal to 95%, with a sensitivity and specificity for CIN1 of 98% and 99%, respectively. We next plan to construct and test neural nets including CIN 2-3, AIS, and invasive cancer. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Parker, MF (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEDIMOND S R L PI 40128 BOLOGNA PA VIA MASERATI 5, 40128 BOLOGNA, 00000, ITALY BN 88-323-0322-1 PY 2000 BP 121 EP 127 PG 7 WC Oncology; Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Oncology; Obstetrics & Gynecology GA BT02N UT WOS:000171689500019 ER PT S AU Crowley, JS Haworth, L Szoboszlay, Z Lee, A AF Crowley, JS Haworth, L Szoboszlay, Z Lee, A BE Lewandowski, RJ Haworth, LA Girolamo, HJ TI Helicopter pilot estimation of self-altitude in a degraded visual environment SO HELMET- AND HEAD-MOUNTED DISPLAYS V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Helmet- and Head-Mounted Displays V CY APR 24-25, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE helicopters; altitude perception; visual perception; flight safety; NVG; thermal imaging AB The effect of night vision devices and degraded visual imagery on self-altitude perception is unknown. Thirteen Army aviators with normal vision flew five flights under various visual conditions in a modified AH-I (Cobra) helicopter. Subjects estimated their altitude or flew to specified altitudes while flying a series of maneuvers. The results showed that subjects were better at detecting and controlling changes in altitude than they were at flying to or naming a specific altitude. In cruise flight and descent, the subjects tended to fly above the desired altitude, an error in the safe direction. While hovering the direction of error was less predictable. In the low-level cruise flight scenario tested in this study, altitude perception was affected more by changes in image resolution than by changes in FOV or ocularity. C1 USA, Aeromed Res Lab, Ft Rucker, AL 36362 USA. RP Crowley, JS (reprint author), USA, Aeromed Res Lab, Ft Rucker, AL 36362 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3647-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4021 BP 304 EP 315 DI 10.1117/12.389161 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Optics SC Engineering; Computer Science; Optics GA BQ79C UT WOS:000089526600032 ER PT S AU Klymenko, V Harding, TH Beasley, HH Martin, JS Rash, CE AF Klymenko, V Harding, TH Beasley, HH Martin, JS Rash, CE BE Lewandowski, RJ Haworth, LA Girolamo, HJ TI Investigation of helmet-mounted display configuration influences on target acquisition SO HELMET- AND HEAD-MOUNTED DISPLAYS V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Helmet- and Head-Mounted Displays V CY APR 24-25, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE AB PI helmet-mounted display ( HMD) with a partial binocular overlap field-of-view (FOV) is slated for use with the Army's new RAH-66 Comanche helicopter in order to increase the available size of the FOV. The current investigation examined how FOV configurations affect visual performance in a target acquisition task under demanding viewing conditions. Performance was measured by response time and error rate in the full overlap FOV, the convergent partial overlap FOV, and the divergent partial overlap FOV. Fifteen aviators were required to visually scan for and identify the position of a visually degraded random target from a three by three array of similar distracters in a randomly cluttered FOV as quickly as possible while minimizing errors. The results found a tradeoff in enlarging the FOV by the partial overlap method. Performance was best in the full overlap FOV, where response times were fastest, and worst in the divergent partial overlap FOV, where response times were slowest. The performance decrements for partial overlap were confirmed by the accuracy data, where the partial overlap configurations with the slower response times also had a higher number of misses and a lower percentage of first scores (no-miss target acquisitions). These three performance decrements are most pronounced for lateral targets in the monocular regions of the partial overlap FOVs. C1 USA, UES Inc, Aeromed Res Lab, Ft Rucker, AL 36362 USA. RP Klymenko, V (reprint author), USA, UES Inc, Aeromed Res Lab, Ft Rucker, AL 36362 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3647-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4021 BP 316 EP 334 DI 10.1117/12.389162 PG 19 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Optics SC Engineering; Computer Science; Optics GA BQ79C UT WOS:000089526600033 ER PT J AU Michelena-Baez, E Navarro-Eisenstein, AM Banks, HD Vasquez, PC Baumstark, AL AF Michelena-Baez, E Navarro-Eisenstein, AM Banks, HD Vasquez, PC Baumstark, AL TI Kinetics of epoxidation of aliphatic alkenes by dimethyldioxirane: Steric effects SO HETEROCYCLIC COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID GENERATED IN-SITU; ASYMMETRIC EPOXIDATION; EFFICIENT EPOXIDATION; OLEFINS; DIOXIRANE; KETONES; REACTIVITY AB Kinetic data for epoxidation of three series of aliphatic alkenes by dimethyldioxirane in dried acetone showed the reaction to be sensitive to steric effects; consistent with the current spiro transition state model. C1 Georgia State Univ, Dept Chem, Ctr Biotech & Drug Design, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Baumstark, AL (reprint author), Georgia State Univ, Dept Chem, Ctr Biotech & Drug Design, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU FREUND PUBLISHING HOUSE LTD PI LONDON PA STE 500, CHESHAM HOUSE, 150 REGENT ST, LONDON W1R 5FA, ENGLAND SN 0793-0283 J9 HETEROCYCL COMMUN JI Heterocycl. Commun. PY 2000 VL 6 IS 2 BP 119 EP 122 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 325ND UT WOS:000087681700003 ER PT S AU Weyrauch, T Vorontsov, MA Bifano, TG Tuantranont, A Bright, VM Karpinsky, J Hammer, J AF Weyrauch, T Vorontsov, MA Bifano, TG Tuantranont, A Bright, VM Karpinsky, J Hammer, J BE Gonglewski, JD Vorontsov, MA Gruneisen, MT TI Performance evaluation of micromachined mirror arrays for adaptive optics SO HIGH-RESOLUTION WAVEFRONT CONTROL: METHODS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Resolution Wavefront Control: Methods, Devices, and Applications II CY AUG 01-02, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE MEMS deformable mirrors; adaptive optics; stochastic parallel gradient descent AB The performance of different MEMS mirrors from Boston University, MEMS Optical LLC, University of Colorado and OKO Technologies was studied in respect to an application in a model-free adaptive optics system. The frequency response characteristic was determined in a simple laser beam focusing set-up. Closed-loop adaptation experiments were performed using a VLSI controller system implementing a stochastic parallel gradient descent optimization algorithm. The system behavior using different MEMS mirror types, esp. adaptation speed, was compared. C1 USA, Res Lab, Informat Sci & Technol Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Weyrauch, T (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Informat Sci & Technol Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Bifano, Thomas/E-6412-2013 OI Bifano, Thomas/0000-0003-4952-2515 NR 4 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3769-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4124 BP 32 EP 41 DI 10.1117/12.407514 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BR66D UT WOS:000167103000005 ER PT S AU Beresnev, L Weyrauch, T Dultz, W Pikin, S AF Beresnev, L Weyrauch, T Dultz, W Pikin, S BE Gonglewski, JD Vorontsov, MA Gruneisen, MT TI Ferroelectric and antiferroelectric liquid crystals for optical phase modulation SO HIGH-RESOLUTION WAVEFRONT CONTROL: METHODS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Resolution Wavefront Control: Methods, Devices, and Applications II CY AUG 01-02, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE optical phase modulation; banana shaped liquid crystals; deformed helix ferroelectric effect AB A novel Liquid crystalline material for optical phase modulation is proposed. The material consists of banana shaped dimer molecules, which form a lamellar phase, e. g. a smectic phase. A helical superstructure is induced by means of chiral fragments included in the molecular structure. Due to polyphilic segregation of hydrogenated and fluorinated molecule segments a cancellation of transversal dipole moments can be avoided and a net polarization of single layers will be obtained. The polarized layers may form ferroelectric or antiferroelectric structures. Application of an electric field in light propagation direction will deform the helix until total unwinding without reorienting the optical axes of the material, but changing the refractive index for one polarization direction. An estimation of the refractive indices of the material, its index modulation capability and the behavior under electric field is presented in this paper. The possible application of the material in phase modulators is discussed. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Beresnev, L (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3769-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4124 BP 66 EP 77 DI 10.1117/12.407489 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BR66D UT WOS:000167103000009 ER PT S AU Vorontsov, MA Justh, EW Beresnev, LA AF Vorontsov, MA Justh, EW Beresnev, LA BE Gonglewski, JD Vorontsov, MA Gruneisen, MT TI Advanced phase-contrast techniques for wavefront sensing and adaptive optics SO HIGH-RESOLUTION WAVEFRONT CONTROL: METHODS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Resolution Wavefront Control: Methods, Devices, and Applications II CY AUG 01-02, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE zernike filter; adaptive optics; turbulence compensation; phase-contrast; wavefront sensing; phase measurement ID DISTORTION COMPENSATION; RETRIEVAL AB High-resolution phase-contrast wavefront sensors based on optically addressed phase spatial light modulators and micro-mirror/LC arrays are introduced. Wavefront sensor efficiency is analyzed for atmospheric turbulence-induced phase distortions described by the Kolmogorov and Andrews models. A nonlinear Zernike filter wavefront sensor based on an optically addressed liquid crystal phase spatial light modulator is experimentally demonstrated. The results demonstrate high-resolution visualization of dynamically changing phase distortions within the sensor time response of about 10 msec. C1 USA, Res Lab, Intelligent Opt Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Vorontsov, MA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Intelligent Opt Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3769-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4124 BP 98 EP 109 DI 10.1117/12.407492 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BR66D UT WOS:000167103000012 ER PT S AU Carhart, GW Vorontsov, MA Justh, EW AF Carhart, GW Vorontsov, MA Justh, EW BE Gonglewski, JD Vorontsov, MA Gruneisen, MT TI Opto-electronic Zernike filter for high-resolution wavefront analysis using a phase-only liquid crystal spatial light modulator SO HIGH-RESOLUTION WAVEFRONT CONTROL: METHODS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Resolution Wavefront Control: Methods, Devices, and Applications II CY AUG 01-02, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE wavefront sensor; phase visualization; Zernike filter; phase contrast microscopy; adaptive optics AB An opto-electronic technique for high-resolution wave-front phase imaging is presented and demonstrated experimentally. The technique is analogous to the conventional Zernike phase-contrast approach, but uses modern spatial light modulator technology to increase robustness and improve performance. Because they provide direct measurements of wave-front phase (rather than wave-front slope measurements, as in Shack-Hartmann sensors), robust phase-contrast sensors have potential applications in high-speed, high-resolution adaptive optic systems. Advantages of the opto-electronic approach over alternative advanced phase-contrast techniques (such as a related phase-contrast sensor which uses a Liquid-crystal light valve exhibiting a Kerr-type optical response to perform Fourier filtering) are discussed. The SLM used for the experimental results is a 128x128-element pixilated phase-only liquid crystal spatial light modulator from Boulder Nonlinear Systems, Inc. C1 USA, Res Lab, Intelligent Opt Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Carhart, GW (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Intelligent Opt Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 9 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3769-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4124 BP 138 EP 147 DI 10.1117/12.407497 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BR66D UT WOS:000167103000016 ER PT S AU Weyrauch, T Vorontsov, MA Bifano, TG Giles, MK AF Weyrauch, T Vorontsov, MA Bifano, TG Giles, MK BE Gonglewski, JD Vorontsov, MA Gruneisen, MT TI Adaptive optics system with micromachined mirror array and stochastic gradient descent controller SO HIGH-RESOLUTION WAVEFRONT CONTROL: METHODS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Resolution Wavefront Control: Methods, Devices, and Applications II CY AUG 01-02, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE adaptive optics; MEMS deformable mirror; model-free optimization; parallel gradient descent ID PHASE-DISTORTION CORRECTION; PARALLEL AB An adaptive laser beam focusing system comprising a 4x4 segment (5x5 actuator) MEMS deformable mirror developed at Boston University is presented. Mirror actuators were controlled by a circuit using VLSI chips implementing a stochastic parallel gradient descent algorithm. The system allowed for an enhancement of the iteration rate up to 5900 s(-1), Limited only by the used computer equipment. Results of experiments for characterization of the MEMS mirror response and the adaptation speed of the system are reported. A further improvement of adaptation speed was achieved by modification of the control algorithm implementing a self-optimization of one parameter. C1 USA, Res Lab, Informat Sci & Technol Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Weyrauch, T (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Informat Sci & Technol Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Bifano, Thomas/E-6412-2013 OI Bifano, Thomas/0000-0003-4952-2515 NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3769-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4124 BP 178 EP 188 DI 10.1117/12.407500 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BR66D UT WOS:000167103000020 ER PT B AU Connor, WM AF Connor, WM BE McCann, C Pigeau, R TI Establishing command intent - A case study - The encirclement of the Ruhr, March 1945 SO HUMAN IN COMMAND: EXPLORING THE MODERN MILITARY EXPERIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Workshop on the Human in Command CY JUN 08-12, 1998 CL CANADIAN LAND FORCES COMMAND & STAFF COLL, KINGSTON, JAMAICA SP NATO Res Technol Org HO CANADIAN LAND FORCES COMMAND & STAFF COLL C1 USA, Command & Gen Staff Coll, Combined Arms Doctrine Directorate, Ft Leavenworth, KS 66027 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46366-0 PY 2000 BP 93 EP 110 PG 18 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA BR36Z UT WOS:000166198300009 ER PT B AU Lewis, JP Butler, CA Challans, T Craig, DM Smidt, JJ AF Lewis, JP Butler, CA Challans, T Craig, DM Smidt, JJ BE McCann, C Pigeau, R TI United States Army leadership doctrine for the twenty-first century SO HUMAN IN COMMAND: EXPLORING THE MODERN MILITARY EXPERIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Workshop on the Human in Command CY JUN 08-12, 1998 CL CANADIAN LAND FORCES COMMAND & STAFF COLL, KINGSTON, JAMAICA SP NATO Res Technol Org HO CANADIAN LAND FORCES COMMAND & STAFF COLL C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46366-0 PY 2000 BP 127 EP 146 PG 20 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA BR36Z UT WOS:000166198300011 ER PT B AU Fallesen, JJ AF Fallesen, JJ BE McCann, C Pigeau, R TI Developing practical thinking for battle command SO HUMAN IN COMMAND: EXPLORING THE MODERN MILITARY EXPERIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Workshop on the Human in Command CY JUN 08-12, 1998 CL CANADIAN LAND FORCES COMMAND & STAFF COLL, KINGSTON, JAMAICA SP NATO Res Technol Org HO CANADIAN LAND FORCES COMMAND & STAFF COLL AB Battle command as conceived of by the United States Army consists of leadership and decision making. This chapter deals with the thinking that contributes to the decision-making function. The chapter's aim is to indicate how the U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences (ARI) has investigated battle command thinking and what ARI has found out about thinking that can improve an officer's command performance. The research depicts the complexities of instrumental processes and emphasizes the importance of situational factors, individual experience, beliefs, and attitudes. In the past, instructional materials for commanders have been based on formal models of thinking; however, the research described here conforms to less formal assumptions. The informal approach comes from areas referred to as everyday thinking and naturalistic decision making. This area of study has started to delineate important understandings about cognitive processes in battle command. Efforts that have been taken to improve thinking for battle command are summarized here, and broad research issues are identified. In 1995, we developed an exploratory program of instruction (Fallesen, Michel, Lussier, & Pounds, 1996) to provide alternative approaches to thinking. This instruction, referred to as practical thinking, grew from our research on command and control and general cognition. The traditional approach bases instruction for thinking on optimal decision theories or classical logic; however, few people follow optimal models or use classic logic. Practical thinking, on the other hand, takes a descriptive approach, basing instruction on how battle commanders think as they are developing the desired results. Practical thinking is related to the emerging field of naturalistic decision making and includes both critical thinking and creativity. The essence of command has to do with conceptual thought-understanding, visualizing, deciding, planning, monitoring, and communicating. Pigeau and McCann (this volume, Chapter 12) discuss the meaning of command and control, reinforcing the importance of establishing (understanding, visualizing, deciding) and implementing (planning, monitoring, communicating) intent. Advancements in command and control systems and in technology for weapons and sensors are aimed at providing better information to a commander to support these processes. But the richer sources of information, combined with complex geopolitical situations (some of which are illustrated in this volume by Capstick, Chapter 7; Winslow, Chapter 20; and Everts, Chapter 6) and the unknowable means and intent of potential adversaries, may in the future strain a commander's cognitive capacity. Even if uncertainty does not increase, the commanders of the future will still face sig nificant challenges. One reason is the trend for units to be responsible for more missions and more different threats, in more theatres of operations, with smaller force structures. At the same time, the civilian sector is less willing to accept casualties, which in turn creates a higher demand for reducing the uncertainty in the risks taken. The situational influences and their interactions create high levels of ambiguity, dynamism, and complexity-all pointing to a greater need for (a) versatile ways to think in the face of uncertainty and (b) ways to overcome uncertainty. C1 USA, Res Inst Behav & Social Sci, Leavenworth Field Unit, Lawrence, KS 66047 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46366-0 PY 2000 BP 185 EP 200 PG 16 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA BR36Z UT WOS:000166198300014 ER PT B AU Mirabella, A Siebold, GL Love, JF AF Mirabella, A Siebold, GL Love, JF BE McCann, C Pigeau, R TI Self-assessment of command performance and feedback in multiforce training SO HUMAN IN COMMAND: EXPLORING THE MODERN MILITARY EXPERIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Workshop on the Human in Command CY JUN 08-12, 1998 CL CANADIAN LAND FORCES COMMAND & STAFF COLL, KINGSTON, JAMAICA SP NATO Res Technol Org HO CANADIAN LAND FORCES COMMAND & STAFF COLL C1 USA, Res Inst Behav & Social Sci, Alexandria, VA 22333 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46366-0 PY 2000 BP 249 EP 262 PG 14 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA BR36Z UT WOS:000166198300018 ER PT B AU Shattuck, LG Woods, DD AF Shattuck, LG Woods, DD BE McCann, C Pigeau, R TI Communication of intent in military command and control systems SO HUMAN IN COMMAND: EXPLORING THE MODERN MILITARY EXPERIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Workshop on the Human in Command CY JUN 08-12, 1998 CL CANADIAN LAND FORCES COMMAND & STAFF COLL, KINGSTON, JAMAICA SP NATO Res Technol Org HO CANADIAN LAND FORCES COMMAND & STAFF COLL C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Behav Sci & Leadership, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 12 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46366-0 PY 2000 BP 279 EP 291 PG 13 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA BR36Z UT WOS:000166198300020 ER PT J AU Hanges, PJ Grojean, MW Smith, DB AF Hanges, PJ Grojean, MW Smith, DB TI Bounding the concept of test banding: Reaffirming the traditional approach SO HUMAN PERFORMANCE LA English DT Article ID VALIDITY AB Recently, Aguinis, Cortina, and Goldberg (1998) questioned the logic underlying the traditional Cascio, Outtz, Zedeck, and Goldstein (1991) method of developing test bands. In this article, we examine their criticisms and argue that the traditional banding approach is not flawed. We discuss the logic underlying the traditional test band methodology and show that it is consistent with conceptual models of the validation process as used by personnel psychologists. We also examine the alternative banding procedure suggested by Aguinis et al. and identify several problems with this procedure. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Psychol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Behav Sci & Leadership, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. Cornell Univ, Sch Ind & Labor Relat, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Hanges, PJ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Psychol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Hanges, Paul/A-8347-2009 OI Hanges, Paul/0000-0001-8716-7644 NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 0895-9285 J9 HUM PERFORM JI Hum. Perform. PY 2000 VL 13 IS 2 BP 181 EP 198 DI 10.1207/s15327043hup1302_4 PG 18 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA 295UN UT WOS:000085986400004 ER PT S AU Walrath, JD Winkler, RP Emmerman, PJ Hoffmann, CM Kim, YJ AF Walrath, JD Winkler, RP Emmerman, PJ Hoffmann, CM Kim, YJ BE Rogowitz, BE Pappas, TN TI Visualization technique for improved situation awareness SO HUMAN VISION AND ELECTRONIC IMAGING V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Human Vision and Electronic Imaging V CY JAN 24-27, 2000 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, SPIE DE battlefield visualization; situation awareness; information assimilation AB Military commanders must understand the complexities of the tactical picture, which is made up of many individual entities (microstates) with their own organizational allegiance, capabilities, and attributes. Further, while individual events can occur quickly, a battle can occupy several hours to days. It is inadequate to simply perceive the differentiated data about battlefield entities at some point in time-the commander must understand the integrated meaning of the entities as they interact across time. We say that the commander is building situation awareness (SA), and doing so using traditional information displays consumes scarce resources of time and cognitive effort. The challenge is to combine the many individual microstates into a few integrated macrostates and display this information to the commander in a way that is instantly meaningful. We suggest a method for reducing the time and cognitive effort necessary to acquire SA by applying principles of visual perception to the design of battlefield visualization displays. Specifically, we exploit the organizational properties of gestalt figures and the phenomenon of global preference to create displays that allow immediate understanding of relevant information on the location, identity, and concentration of friendly and enemy units. The data is then compressed temporally, bringing battle dynamics into a useful time domain. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Walrath, JD (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3577-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 3959 BP 366 EP 371 DI 10.1117/12.387173 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BQ54R UT WOS:000088720800035 ER PT B AU Cole, MW Joshi, PC AF Cole, MW Joshi, PC GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Fabrication and characterization of doped barium strontium titanate thin films for tunable device applications SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-4: TRANSMITTING WAVES OF PROGRESS TO THE NEXT MILLENNIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2000 IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium CY JUL 16-21, 2000 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UT SP IEEE, Antennas & Propagat Soc, Agilent Technol, Hewlett Packard Co, Kennecott Utah Copper, L 3 Commun, Moog Inc, Motorola, Raytheon Syst Co C1 USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Cole, MW (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6370-1 PY 2000 BP 384A EP 384A PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BQ87W UT WOS:000089912900097 ER PT J AU Hanlon, PD Maybeck, PS AF Hanlon, PD Maybeck, PS TI Characterization of Kalman filter residuals in the presence of mismodeling SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID MODEL ADAPTIVE ESTIMATION; FAILURE-DETECTION; SYSTEMS; F-16 AB The mean and covariance of a Kalman filter residual are computed for specific cases in which the Kahman filter model differs from a linear model that accurately represents the true system (the truth model). Multiple model adaptive estimation (MMAE) uses a bank of Kalman filters, each with a different internal model, and a hypothesis testing algorithm that uses the residuals from this bank of Kalman filters to estimate the true system model. At most, only one Kalman filter's model will exactly match the truth model and will produce a residual whose mean and standard deviation have already been analyzed [9]. All of the other filters use internal models that mismodel the true system. T-Ve compute the effects of a mismodeled input matrix, output matrix, and state transition matrix on these residuals. The computed mean and covariance are compared with simulation results of night control failures that correspond to mismodeled input matrices and output matrices. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Elect Engn, W Point, NY 10996 USA. USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Hanlon, PD (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Elect Engn, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 14 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 36 IS 1 BP 114 EP 131 DI 10.1109/7.826316 PG 18 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 292JY UT WOS:000085791800010 ER PT J AU Weiss, SJ Kahn, WK AF Weiss, SJ Kahn, WK TI An experimental technique used to measure the unloaded Q of microstrip antennas SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE microstrip antenna; Q measurement AB This paper presents a scattering method for measuring the unloaded Q of a prototype microstrip (patch) antenna structure without the need to implement connecting circuitry. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL SE RM, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. George Washington Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP Weiss, SJ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL SE RM, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 48 IS 1 BP 119 EP 122 DI 10.1109/8.827393 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 294RR UT WOS:000085924600015 ER PT J AU O'Neill, K AF O'Neill, K TI Radar sensing of thin surface layers and near-surface buried objects SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID MICROWAVE-FREQUENCIES; DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; SOIL; FORMS; ICE AB A robust ground penetrating radar (GPR) signal processing approach is developed and applied to the sensing of surface soil and ice/water layers as well as near-surface buried objects, The principal technique relies on a reference set of waveforms, which are tested for optimal matching with measured radar reflections to be analyzed. In principle, the reference set can be based on measurements as well as on model output, with the latter employed here. Even when layers are quite thin relative to the incident wavelength or pulse, the approach provides accurate information on layer characteristics, particularly thickness. The method assumes a well-defined transmit signal and hence is best used with antennas elevated above the surface. In tests using UHF pulses on lab and field ice and on thawing soil, the system offers approximately an order of magnitude improvement in layer resolution relative to more traditional methods. Also, in the process of its signal-matching calculations, the procedures provide a numerical indication of the reliability of each result. In application to thawing soil, simulations suggest that one can address a wide variety of conditions using quite a limited set of reference signals. By detecting the thin-layer effect from soil over a buried metallic object, the system also locates near-surface targets when their reflections cannot be separated in time from ground surface returns. An alternative system also succeeds in detecting near-surface objects under the same conditions by detecting wavelet dispersion, This is done without reliance on specific details of transmit wavelet or reflected signals. Using this approach, we show that a mine-like target is detectable in a wet clay soil when the ground is frozen but not when it is thawed. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP O'Neill, K (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 24 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JAN PY 2000 VL 38 IS 1 BP 480 EP 495 DI 10.1109/36.823943 PN 2 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 283XH UT WOS:000085301000015 ER PT B AU Costanzo, DJ AF Costanzo, DJ BE Stein, TI TI Hyperspectral imaging spectral variability experiment results SO IGARSS 2000: IEEE 2000 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOL I - VI, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY JUL 24-28, 2000 CL HONOLULU, HI SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Res, Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Space Agcy, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Int Union Radio Sci AB Hyperspectral remote sensing needs to address the complex spectral variability factors associated with it, and their effects on the accuracy of information derived. This issue was examined in a preliminary manner by analyzing apparent reflectance spectral signature repeatability of common test target panels in two image data collects of the HYperspectral Digital Imagery Collection Experiment (HYDICE) airborne sensor. The results obtained demonstrate where more spectral variability research is needed to further investigate this issue, and the phenomenology behind it. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Topog Engn Ctr, CEERD TR S, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. RP Costanzo, DJ (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Topog Engn Ctr, CEERD TR S, 7701 Telegraph Rd, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6359-0 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2000 BP 1385 EP 1387 PG 3 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Physical Geography; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BT13Y UT WOS:000172046000448 ER PT B AU Moran, ML Delaney, AJ Greenfield, R AF Moran, ML Delaney, AJ Greenfield, R BE Stein, TI TI Impact of interfacial dipole radiation on UXO target detection using 3-D Kirchhoff imaging SO IGARSS 2000: IEEE 2000 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOL I - VI, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY JUL 24-28, 2000 CL HONOLULU, HI SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Res, Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Space Agcy, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Int Union Radio Sci ID PATTERNS AB Ground penetrating radar radiation patterns are shown to effect array results on locating, and characterizing buried targets similar to those found in many unexploded ordnance scenarios. This is accomplished by comparing results obtained from physical experiments with theoretical dipole radiation patterns. Our experimental data uses 1.2 GHz mono-static resistively tapered dipole antennas precisely positioned in course rectangular grid over a 2- by 2- by 1- m dirt filled box. The dirt fill is a silty river bank sand with a relative dielectric of 8.1. It contains a large number rocky inclusions. Buried at various depths are spherical and cylindrical bodies representing UXO and antipersonnel mines. These targets are a combination penetrable dielectric bodies and foil covered perfect reflectors. Their diameters range from 3 cm, to roughly 7 cm. We apply mono-static 3-D Kirchhoff migration to the data. Our results show that low contrast near surface targets including air filled, plastic, and metal targets can be resolved both vertically and horizontally when array coverage considers the dipole radiation pattern. Deeper cylindrical targets are also observed just above a bottom layer interface. Results from the deeper targets are less affected by individual antenna orientations. C1 Erdc, CRREL, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Moran, ML (reprint author), Erdc, CRREL, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6359-0 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2000 BP 1421 EP 1423 PG 3 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Physical Geography; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BT13Y UT WOS:000172046000459 ER PT S AU CuQlock-Knopp, VG Merritt, J Bender, E Wright-Hector, L AF CuQlock-Knopp, VG Merritt, J Bender, E Wright-Hector, L BE Johnson, CB TI Object recognition and contrast sensitivity with image intensifiers employing white phosphor versus green phosphor displays. SO IMAGE INTENSIFIERS AND APPLICATIONS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Image Intensifiers and Applications II CY AUG 03-04, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE white phosphor; green phosphor; and image intensifiers; night vision goggles ID MEMORY; COLOR AB The research was designed to determine if night vision goggles (NVGs) with white phosphor displays would enable better object recognition and contrast sensitivity than with green phosphor displays. Thirty-six Maryland National Guard members served in the research. Each performed an object recognition task and a contrast sensitivity task using two binocular NVGs (AN/AVS-9, Model F4949G) that were matched in all respects except that one was fitted with white phosphor displays (P-45W), while the other had the yellowish green phosphor displays (P-43). Results indicated an overall advantage for the white phosphor for object recognition, but no difference between the phosphors for contrast sensitivity. Questionnaire data indicated a strong preference for the white phosphor NVG. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP CuQlock-Knopp, VG (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3773-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4128 BP 29 EP 37 DI 10.1117/12.405879 PG 9 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BR66G UT WOS:000167104300005 ER PT S AU Gupta, N Denes, L Gottlieb, M Suhre, D Kaminsky, B Metes, P AF Gupta, N Denes, L Gottlieb, M Suhre, D Kaminsky, B Metes, P BE Descour, MR Shen, SS TI Spectropolarimetric imaging using a field-portable imager SO IMAGING SPECTROMETRY VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Imaging Spectrometry VI CY JUL 31-AUG 02, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE, Remote Sensing Soc DE spectropolarimetric imager; visible to near-IR; acousto-optic tunable filter; AOTF; variable retarder; polarization; degree of polarization ID OBJECT RECOGNITION; POLARIZATION; AOTF AB The Army Research Laboratory has a program to develop and characterize compact field-portable hyperspectral and polarization imagers using electronically tunable spectral filters-acousto-optic tunable filters (AOTFs)-that are polarization sensitive. A spectropolarimetric imager has been designed that combines a liquid-crystal retardation plate with an AOTF and an off-the-shelf charge coupled device (CCD) camera The imager uses a tellurium dioxide (TeO2) AOTF that operates from the visible to the near-infrared region. The imager is relatively compact, lightweight, and programmable. We used this imager to collect spectral and polarization data from various objects and backgrounds, both in the laboratory and in field tests. The spectral images were collected from 450 to 1000 nn at 10- or 20-nm intervals, at two or four polarization settings for each spectral interval. We analyzed a portion of these data to assess the effectiveness of this system for target detection and identification. Here we present and discuss our measurements and analysis results. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Gupta, N (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Gupta, Neelam/B-8702-2013 NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3777-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4132 BP 372 EP 381 DI 10.1117/12.406607 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Remote Sensing; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Spectroscopy GA BR66H UT WOS:000167104600038 ER PT J AU Tolnay, M Tsokos, GC AF Tolnay, M Tsokos, GC TI Serum regulates the expression of complement receptor 2 on human B cell lines. SO IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY AND IMMUNOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION COMPLEX; HUMORAL IMMUNE-RESPONSE; HUMAN LYMPHOCYTES-B; GROWTH-FACTOR; CD21 GENE; CR-2; RESPONSIVENESS; SEQUENCES; C-3; IDENTIFICATION AB Complement receptor 2 (CR2) participates in the regulation of B cell responses to antigen. In this study we report that treatment of IM-9 B lymphoblastoid cells or Raji Burkitt's lymphoma cells with 10% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum for 24 hr increased both the CR2 mRNA level and CR2 surface protein expression more than twofold. No change in the CR2 expression level was observed if cells were cultured in serum-free medium. The CD19 mRNA level decreased after 24 hr independently of the presence of serum. The serum-stimulated increase in CR2 expression was not due to changes in the proliferative capacity of the cells and could not be mimicked by various cytokines. However, IFN-gamma as well as OKB7, a CR2-specific monoclonal antibody, blocked the serum-induced increase in CR2 expression at the mRNA level. Our data show for the first time that factors in serum induce the expression of the CR2 gene and that signals initiated by IFN-gamma and OKB7 interfere with the serum-induced changes. Because stimuli that alter CR2 expression can influence the extent of the B cell response to antigen-C3d complexes, serum factors may play a role in regulating the responsiveness of B cells. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Cellular Injury, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Tolnay, M (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Cellular Injury, 14th & Dahlia St,Bldg 503,Rm 1A32, Washington, DC 20307 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI42782] NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0892-3973 J9 IMMUNOPHARM IMMUNOT JI Immunopharmacol. Immunotoxicol. PY 2000 VL 22 IS 2 BP 205 EP 219 DI 10.3109/08923970009016416 PG 15 WC Immunology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Immunology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 343AT UT WOS:000088680100003 PM 10952027 ER PT S AU Bradshaw, JL Yang, RQ Bruno, JD Pham, JT Wortman, DE AF Bradshaw, JL Yang, RQ Bruno, JD Pham, JT Wortman, DE BE Mawst, LJ Martinelli, RU TI Mid-IR type-II InAs/GaInSb interband cascade lasers SO IN-PLANE SEMICONDUCTOR LASERS IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on In-Plane Semiconductor Lasers IV CY JAN 24-25, 2000 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE mid-infrared; mid-IR; interband; cascade lasers; type-II quantum wells; InAs/GaInSb; cw ID QUANTUM-WELLS AB We report our progress to date in the development of type-II interband cascade (IC) lasers emitting in the mid-IR (3.8-to-4.0 mu m) spectral region. We have demonstrated significant improvements over previously reported results in terms of differential external quantum efficiency (similar to 500%), peak power (>4 W/facet), peak power conversion efficiency (similar to 7%), maximum operating temperature (217 K), and confinuous-wave (cw) operation. We briefly review some results for pulsed excitation and then present more detailed operating characteristics for the cw performance of our lasers, including the output power characteristics and the dependence of the output spectrum on current. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Bradshaw, JL (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3564-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 3947 BP 129 EP 135 DI 10.1117/12.382090 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA BQ18T UT WOS:000087384400015 ER PT J AU Eze, MO Yuan, L Crawford, RM Paranavitana, CM Hadfield, TL Bhattacharjee, AK Warren, RL Hoover, DL AF Eze, MO Yuan, L Crawford, RM Paranavitana, CM Hadfield, TL Bhattacharjee, AK Warren, RL Hoover, DL TI Effects of opsonization and gamma interferon on growth of Brucella melitensis 16M in mouse peritoneal macrophages in vitro SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID MONOCYTE COMPLEMENT RECEPTORS; ABORTUS INFECTION; NITRIC-OXIDE; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; ATTENUATED STRAINS; BALB/C MICE; PHAGOCYTOSIS; RESISTANCE; SERUM AB Entry of opsonized pathogens into phagocytes may benefit or, paradoxically, harm the host. Opsonization may trigger antimicrobial mechanisms such as reactive oxygen or nitric oxide (NO) production but may also provide a safe haven for intracellular replication. Brucellae are natural intramacrophage pathogens of rodents, ruminants, dogs, marine mammals, and humans. We evaluated the role of opsonins in Brucella-macrophage interactions by challenging cultured murine peritoneal macrophages with Brucella melitensis 16M treated with complement- and/or antibody-rich serum. Mouse serum rich in antibody against Brucella lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (aLPS) and human complement-rich serum (HCS) each enhanced the macrophage uptake of brucellae. Combinations of suboptimal levels of aLPS (0.01%) and HCS (2%) synergistically enhanced uptake. The intracellular fate of ingested bacteria was evaluated with an optimal concentration of gentamicin (2 mu g/ml) to control extracellular growth but not kill intracellular bacteria. Bacteria opsonized with aLPS and/or HCS grew equally well inside macrophages in the absence of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma). Macrophage activation with IFN-gamma inhibited replication of both opsonized and nonopsonized brucellae but was less effective in inhibiting replication of nonopsonized bacteria. IFN-gamma treatment of macrophages with opsonized or nonopsonized bacteria enhanced NO production, which was blocked by N-G-monomethyl L-arginine (MMLA), an NO synthesis inhibitor. MMLA also partially blocked IFN-gamma-mediated bacterial growth inhibition. These studies suggest that primary murine macrophages have limited ability to control infection with B. melitensis, even when activated by IFN-gamma in the presence of highly opsonic concentrations of antibody and complement. Additional cellular immune responses, e.g., those mediated by cytotoxic T cells, may play more important roles in the control of murine brucellosis. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Bacterial Dis, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Infect & Parasit Dis, Washington, DC 20306 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Infect & Parasit Dis Pathol, Amer Registry Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. RP Hoover, DL (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Bacterial Dis, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 40 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 68 IS 1 BP 257 EP 263 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 266LQ UT WOS:000084301800037 PM 10603396 ER PT S AU Yang, RQ Bruno, JD Bradshaw, JL Pham, JT Wortman, DE AF Yang, RQ Bruno, JD Bradshaw, JL Pham, JT Wortman, DE BE Manasreh, MO Stadler, BJH Ferguson, I Zhang, YH TI High-power mid-IR interband cascade lasers based on type-II heterostructures SO INFRARED APPLICATIONS OF SEMICONDUCTORS III SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Infrared Applications of Semiconductors III held at the 1999 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 29-DEC 02, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID QUANTUM-WELLS; EFFICIENCY AB The interband cascade lasers (IC) represent a new class of mid-IR light sources, which take advantage of the broken-gap alignment in type-II quantum wells to reuse electrons for sequential photon emissions from serially connected active regions. Here, we describe recent progress in InAs/GaInSb type-II IC lasers at emission wavelengths of 3.8-4 mu m; these semiconductor lasers have exhibited significantly higher differential quantum efficiencies and peak powers than previously reported. Also, these lasers were able to operate at temperatures up to 217 K, which is higher than the previous record (182 K) for an IC laser at this wavelength. We observed from several devices at temperatures above 80 K a slope efficiency of similar to 800 mW/A per facet, corresponding to a differential external quantum efficiency of similar to 500%. A peak optical output power exceeding 4 W/facet and peak power efficiency of similar to 7% were observed from a device at 80 K. Also, we report the first cw operation of IC lasers. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Yang, RQ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-515-3 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2000 VL 607 BP 101 EP 106 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BQ66Y UT WOS:000089140500014 ER PT S AU Beekman, DW Van Anda, J AF Beekman, DW Van Anda, J BE Dereniak, EL Sampson, RE TI Polarization sensitive QWIP thermal imager SO INFRARED DETECTORS AND FOCAL PLANE ARRAYS VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Conference on Infrared Detectors and Focal Plane Arrays CY APR 25-27, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE AB A polarization-sensitive thermal imager has been assembled using a quantum-well infrared photodetector (QWIP) focal plane array (FPA) with peak responsivity in the long-wave infrared (LWIR) spectral band near 9 mum. Polarization-dependent responsivity is achieved by etching linear gratings onto each pixel during QWIP FPA fabrication, with adjacent pixels having orthogonal grating orientation. The direct integration of the gratings with the pixels eliminates all pixel registration errors encountered with previous infrared polarimetry instruments. We present here details of the FPA and thermal imaging system design and performance and show examples of polarization-enhanced imagery. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, SE,EE, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Beekman, DW (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, SE,EE, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3654-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4028 BP 102 EP 112 DI 10.1117/12.391722 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BR35J UT WOS:000166173100013 ER PT S AU Goldberg, A Fischer, T Kennerly, S Wang, S Sundaram, M Uppal, P Winn, M Milne, G Stevens, M AF Goldberg, A Fischer, T Kennerly, S Wang, S Sundaram, M Uppal, P Winn, M Milne, G Stevens, M BE Dereniak, EL Sampson, RE TI Dual band QWIP MWIR/LWIR focal plane array test results SO INFRARED DETECTORS AND FOCAL PLANE ARRAYS VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Conference on Infrared Detectors and Focal Plane Arrays CY APR 25-27, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE dual-band; infrared; quantum well; focal plane array AB We report on the results of laboratory and field tests on a pixel-registered, 2-color MWIR/LWIR 256x256 QWIP FPA with simultaneous integrating capability. The FPA studied contained stacked QWIP structures with spectral peaks at 5.1 mum and 9.0 mum. Normally incident radiation was coupled into the devices using a diffraction grating designed to operate in both spectral bands. Each pixel is connected to the read-out integrated circuit by three bumps to permit the application of separate bias levels to each QWIP stack and allow simultaneous integration of the signal current in each band. We found the FPA to have high pixel operability, well balanced response, good imaging performance, high optical fill factor, and low spectral crosstalk. We present data on measurements of the noise-equivalent temperature difference of the FPA in both bands as functions of temperature and bias. The FPA data are compared to single-pixel data taken on devices from the same wafer. We also present data on the sensitivity of this FPA to polarized light. It is found that the LWIR portion of the device is very sensitive to the direction of polarization of the incident light. The MWIR part of the device is relatively insensitive to the polarization. In addition, imagery was taken with this FPA of military targets in the field Image fusion techniques were applied to the resulting images. C1 USA, Res Lab, EO IR Technol Branch, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Goldberg, A (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, EO IR Technol Branch, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3654-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4028 BP 276 EP 287 DI 10.1117/12.391740 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BR35J UT WOS:000166173100030 ER PT S AU Choi, KK Chen, CJ Tsui, DC AF Choi, KK Chen, CJ Tsui, DC BE Dereniak, EL Sampson, RE TI C-QWIPs for material characterization SO INFRARED DETECTORS AND FOCAL PLANE ARRAYS VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Conference on Infrared Detectors and Focal Plane Arrays CY APR 25-27, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE QWIPs; absorption coefficient; photoconductive gain ID WELL INFRARED PHOTODETECTORS; WAVELENGTH; PERFORMANCE; DETECTOR AB In this paper, we discuss the utilities of corrugated quantum well infrared photodetectors (C-QWIPs) in detector material characterization. By measuring the detector responsivity as a function of corrugation period, several important detector parameters, such as the absorption coefficient a of parallel propagating light and the energy resolved photoconductive gain g, can be directly deduced. For the QWIP material presented, alpha at the peak was found to be 0.21 mum(-1) under the usual operating condition. This value of alpha corresponds to an absorption length of 4.8 mum. Instead of being a constant, the value of g also varies significantly across the excitation spectrum, and the peak value is larger than the noise gain at large bias. Our results show that the present characterization technique is capable of providing accurate and detailed information on the intrinsic properties of QWIP materials under actual operating conditions. It is extremely useful in detector optimization. In addition, we also show that the performance of C-QWIPs can be further improved by etching an additional vertical trench at the center of each corrugation. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Choi, KK (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Choi, Kwong-Kit/K-9205-2013 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3654-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4028 BP 300 EP 310 DI 10.1117/12.391742 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BR35J UT WOS:000166173100032 ER PT S AU Shen, PH Stead, M Taysing-Lara, M Pamulapati, J Ruff, W Stann, B Uppal, P AF Shen, PH Stead, M Taysing-Lara, M Pamulapati, J Ruff, W Stann, B Uppal, P BE Dereniak, EL Sampson, RE TI Interdigitated finger semiconductor photodetector for optoelectronic mixing SO INFRARED DETECTORS AND FOCAL PLANE ARRAYS VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Conference on Infrared Detectors and Focal Plane Arrays CY APR 25-27, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE AB We report on the fabrication and characterization of interdigitated finger, optical detectors/mixers. These devices are used in an FM/cw ladar system to detect and demodulate low intensity amplitude-modulated optical signals. Three different types of interdigitated finger structure were tested and compared in this study. We also present a theory to explain the asymmetry observed in the devices and discuss its implication in an FM/cw ladar application. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Shen, PH (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 8 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3654-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4028 BP 426 EP 435 DI 10.1117/12.391758 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BR35J UT WOS:000166173100046 ER PT S AU Owen, PR Chambliss, MA Todd, JW AF Owen, PR Chambliss, MA Todd, JW BE Holst, GC TI Development of automated procedures for expedient and cost-efficient acceptance testing of imaging infrared systems SO INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING XI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imagings Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XI CY APR 26-27, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE acceptance testing; automated test procedure; imaging sensor; 3D-noise; FOV; MTF; NETD; MRT AB An improved acceptance test procedure for imaging infrared (IIR) equipment has been developed to remove subjectivity, improve repeatability, and decrease the time and expense over existing methods. Traditional procedures for acceptance testing of IIR equipment require manual minimum resolvable temperature difference (MRTD) measurements at multiple spatial frequencies with both positive and negative contrast targets. Although the manual measurement of MRTD is the standard evaluation technique used in developmental testing, it is deficient for use as an acceptance test. The main limitations are subjectivity, length of time required, and manpower (i.e., cost). The Missile Guidance Directorate (MGD) of the U.S. Army Aviation and Missile Research, Development, and Engineering Center has developed the automated infrared sensor test facility (AISTF) to perform automated acceptance tests and remove the subjectivity of the test procedure. The AISTF measures the modulation transfer function, noise equivalent temperature difference, 3-dimensional noise analysis, field-of-view, and non-subjective MRTD of the unit under test (UUT). The software interface for the AISTF provides an efficient means for a single test conductor to set up and conduct the test. The software controls the experiments by selecting the appropriate target, setting thermal contrast, acquiring digital imagery, and performing image analysis. Test results are provided in a detailed report and stored in a database. in addition to production line acceptance testing, the AISTF should be applicable to flight-line testing, R&D analysis, and sensor characterization. C1 USA, Aviat & Missile Command, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Owen, PR (reprint author), USA, Aviat & Missile Command, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3656-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4030 BP 42 EP 49 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BR56X UT WOS:000166832800005 ER PT S AU Vollmerausen, RH Driggers, RG Tomkinson, M AF Vollmerausen, RH Driggers, RG Tomkinson, M BE Holst, GC TI Improved image quality metric for predicting tactical vehicle identification SO INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING XI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imagings Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XI CY APR 26-27, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE target acquisition; image quality; target identification; performance models; performance metrics AB Three perception experiments were conducted to quantify the relationship between tactical military vehicle identification (ID) performance when using an imager and the Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) and noise characteristics of that imager. The results of these experiments show that the limiting resolution metric provides a reasonably accurate prediction of target LD performance. For example, limiting resolution is a better predictor of performance than Modulation Transfer Function Area or Integrated Contrast Sensitivity. However, a metric consisting of integrating the square root of the product of Contrast Sensitivity and spatial frequency provides a better fit to data than limiting resolution. This paper describes the perception experiments and test results. The predictive capability of a selected group of image quality metrics is evaluated. This paper also discusses possible improvements to target acquisition performance models. C1 USA, Commun & Elect Command, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Vollmerausen, RH (reprint author), USA, Commun & Elect Command, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 27 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3656-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4030 BP 60 EP 69 DI 10.1117/12.391789 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BR56X UT WOS:000166832800007 ER PT S AU Jacobs, E Cha, J Edwards, T Franck, C AF Jacobs, E Cha, J Edwards, T Franck, C BE Holst, GC TI Dynamic MRTD simulation SO INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING XI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imagings Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XI CY APR 26-27, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE AB Dynamic measurement of minimum resolvable temperature difference (MRTD) has been shown to avoid the problems of phase optimization and beat frequency disruption associated with static MRT testing of under sampled systems'. In order to predict field performance, the relationship between static and dynamic MRTD (DMRTD) must be quantified. In this paper, the dynamic MRTD of a sampled system is performed using both laboratory measurements and a simulation. After reviewing the principles of static and dynamic MRTD, the design of a sensor simulator is described. A comparison between real and simulated DMRTD is shown. Measurement procedures are documented for both the static and dynamic MRTD. Conclusions are given regarding the utility of the simulator for performing comparative experiments between static and dynamic MRTD. C1 USA, CECOM, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Jacobs, E (reprint author), USA, CECOM, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, 10221 Burbeck Rd,Suite 430, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3656-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4030 BP 70 EP 76 DI 10.1117/12.391790 PG 7 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BR56X UT WOS:000166832800008 ER PT S AU Jacobs, E Wilson, D AF Jacobs, E Wilson, D BE Holst, GC TI FLIR range performance predictions using synthetic imagery SO INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING XI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imagings Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XI CY APR 26-27, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE AB Traditional FLIR performance analysis uses analytic models to predict sensor performance characteristics such as modulation transfer function (MTF) and minimum resolvable temperature (MRT). These characteristics are then used in conjunction with empirical criterion such as the Johnson cycle criteria to predict the performance of observers using the modeled sensor. In general, such an analysis suffers from inadequate descriptions of the effects of the background and incomplete descriptions of the observer detection mechanism. Accurate predictions of field performance in a particular setting require the expensive collection of imagery for metric analysis or perception tests. In this paper, an image-based approach is investigated. Using an advanced FLIR simulation, synthetic image sets are generated under controlled conditions. Using these image sets, image metrics are calculated and predictions of target detectability are made using a contrast-to-clutter model and a computational vision model. These predictions are compared to results obtained using a traditional range performance analysis ti om the MRT based ACQUIRE(1) model. An assessment of the advantages and disadvantages of the image-based approach is given. C1 USA, CECOM, Night Vis Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Jacobs, E (reprint author), USA, CECOM, Night Vis Elect Sensors Directorate, 10221 Burbeck Rd,Suite 430, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3656-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4030 BP 124 EP 132 DI 10.1117/12.391773 PG 9 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BR56X UT WOS:000166832800014 ER PT S AU Driggers, RG Voltmerhausen, R Krapels, K AF Driggers, RG Voltmerhausen, R Krapels, K BE Holst, GC TI Target identification performance as a function of temporal and fixed pattern noise SO INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING XI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imagings Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XI CY APR 26-27, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE infrared systems; performance modeling; noise AB With the increased interest and use of staring infrared focal plane arrays, the characterization of fixed pattern noise in task performance is becoming more important. Past work includes theoretical treatments and laboratory measurements to describe the characteristics of fixed pattern noise on target acquisition performance. This is the first target acquisition experiment that describes the relative effects of fixed pattern noise and temporal noise on target identification. Static infrared tank images were processed with six different levels of fixed pattern noise and six different levels of temporal noise. A perception experiment was performed where 10 US Army soldiers were tasked to identify the tanks through the combinations of noise. Additive noise was applied in both Gaussian and uniform distributions. The results allow a direct comparison between the effects of fixed pattern noise and temporal noise on target identification. C1 USA, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Dir, Phys Based Modeling Branch, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Driggers, RG (reprint author), USA, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Dir, Phys Based Modeling Branch, 10221 Burbeck Rd, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3656-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4030 BP 144 EP 150 DI 10.1117/12.391775 PG 7 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BR56X UT WOS:000166832800016 ER PT S AU Krapels, K Driggers, R Vollmerhausen, R Halford, C AF Krapels, K Driggers, R Vollmerhausen, R Halford, C BE Holst, GC TI A performance comparison of rectangular (4-point) and diagonal (2-point) dither. SO INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING XI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imagings Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XI CY APR 26-27, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE dither; undersampled imager; diagonal dither; 2-point dither AB Staring array imagers can exhibit sampling artifacts. Dither is a mechanical means of raising the spatial sampling rate without increasing the number of detectors on the focal plane array. Diagonal (two-point or slant-path) dither is easier to implement mechanically than rectangular (four-point orbow-tie) dither. Also, diagonal dither generates half the data rate of rectangular dither. However, diagonal dither does not sample the image as effectively as rectangular dither. The cost and complexity advantages of diagonal dither must be traded against the expectation of reduced performance. This paper discusses analytical and empirical predictions of the performance difference between diagonal and rectangular dither. In order to compare diagonal and rectangular dither empirically, a target identification experiment was performed. The visual task involved discriminating among a set of twelve tactical vehicles. High-resolution (close-up) images of the targets were blurred and down-sampled to produce images representative of those seen with a 320 by 240 staring array sensor. The non-dithered imagery was poorly sampled, and the imagery with rectangular dither was adequately sampled. The experiment compared the target identification performance of non-dithered, diagonally dithered, and rectangularly dithered sensors. Only static imagery was used in the experiment. The analytical and empirical results are described in the paper. The paper also discusses the analytical problems that arise when predicting, and the technical difficulties when measuring, the performance of diagonally dithered sensors. The typical process of describing a sensor by its separate horizontal and vertical responses is not applicable to diagonally dithered imagers. C1 USA, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Krapels, K (reprint author), USA, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 8 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3656-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4030 BP 151 EP 169 DI 10.1117/12.391776 PG 19 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BR56X UT WOS:000166832800017 ER PT S AU Norton, P Campbell, J Horn, S Reago, D AF Norton, P Campbell, J Horn, S Reago, D BE Andresen, BF Fulop, GF Strojnik, M TI Third-generation infrared imagers SO INFRARED TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS XXVI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Technology and Applications XXVI CY JUL 30-AUG 03, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE infrared imagers; infrared detectors; focal plane arrays ID HETEROEPITAXY; SURFACE; HGCDTE AB Third generation focal plane arrays are being actively developed for the U.S. Army and other branches of the Department of Defense. The objective is to ensure that future soldiers will have superior night-fighting equipment. The requirements defined by this objective and the technology under development to support a demonstration of this capability is described. Issues associated with the development and exploitation of the high-performance cooled component of a family of third generation imager systems are discussed. Also discussed are two classes of uncooled imagers; one having high resolution and medium-high performance, and the second being very low cost. C1 USA, Night Vis & Elect Sensor Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Norton, P (reprint author), USA, Night Vis & Elect Sensor Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 9 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3775-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4130 BP 226 EP 236 DI 10.1117/12.409861 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BR89F UT WOS:000167921500025 ER PT S AU LaSalvia, JC Swab, JJ Patel, PJ Chen, BH Palicka, RJ Vecchio, KS AF LaSalvia, JC Swab, JJ Patel, PJ Chen, BH Palicka, RJ Vecchio, KS BE Bansal, N Singh, JP TI Processing, microstructure, and properties of reactive hot-pressed B4C/SiC composites SO INNOVATIVE PROCESSING AND SYNTHESIS OF CERAMICS, GLASSES, AND COMPOSITES IV SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Innovative Processing and Synthesis of Ceramics, Glasses, and Composites held at the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY APR 29-MAY 03, 2000 CL ST LOUIS, MO SP Amer Ceram Soc ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; CERAMICS AB Monolithic boron carbide has been the ceramic of choice in the development of lightweight passive armor technologies. Future soldier and vehicular weight constraints have placed renewed emphasis on the development of materials with heterogeneous microstructures for improved damage-tolerance. Fully dense boron carbide/silicon carbide composites were produced via reactive hot-pressing silicon hexaboride and carbon black powder mixtures. The resulting boron carbide and silicon carbide (beta) phases appear to be continuous and interpenetrating. Zirconium diboride and residual amorphous carbon were also detected. The microstructure consists of three regions: (1) uniformly dispersed silicon carbide, (2) large boron carbide grains surrounded by agglomerated silicon carbide grains, and (3) agglomerated silicon carbide grains. The latter regions were responsible for degrading the flexural strengths of the composites. However, the mechanical properties were comparable to a commercially available armor-grade boron carbide. The irregular nature of the fracture surfaces indicates that the composites may exhibit R-curve behavior for suitably short-cracks. Long-crack fracture toughness values do not indicate any significant increases over monolithic boron carbide. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, WM,MC,Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP LaSalvia, JC (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, WM,MC,Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-111-0 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2000 VL 115 BP 33 EP 43 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BS87S UT WOS:000171311000004 ER PT S AU Patel, PJ Gilde, GA Dehmer, PG McCauley, JW AF Patel, PJ Gilde, GA Dehmer, PG McCauley, JW BE Marker, AJ Arthurs, EG TI Transparent ceramics for armor and EM window applications SO INORGANIC OPTICAL MATERIALS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Inorganic Optical Materials II CY AUG 01-03, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE transparent; ceramic; armor; aluminum oxynitride; spinel; sapphire; polycarbonate; polyurethane ID GROWTH AB Recently, the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) has focused increased attention on the development of transparent armor material systems for a variety of applications. Future combat and non-combat environments will require lightweight, threat adjustable, multifunctional, and affordable armor. Current glass/polycarbonate technologies are not expected to meet the increased requirements. Results over the past few years indicate that the use of transparent crystalline ceramics greatly improve the performance of a system. These results coupled with recent processing and manufacturing advances have revitalized the interest in using transparent ceramics for armor systems. The materials currently under investigation at ARL are magnesium aluminate spinel (MgAl2O4), aluminum oxynitride spinel (AlON), single crystal sapphire (Al2O3), glasses, and glass-ceramics. The polymers under investigation are polycarbonate (PC) and polyurethane (PU). An overview of current ARL efforts in these areas, including the motivation for using transparent ceramics, the requirements, the potential applications, and the ongoing processing research will be reviewed. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Patel, PJ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 20 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 31 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3747-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4102 BP 1 EP 14 DI 10.1117/12.405270 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BR61Y UT WOS:000166962200001 ER PT S AU Patel, PJ Swab, JJ Gilde, G AF Patel, PJ Swab, JJ Gilde, G BE Marker, AJ Arthurs, EG TI Fracture properties and behavior of transparent ceramics SO INORGANIC OPTICAL MATERIALS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Inorganic Optical Materials II CY AUG 01-03, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE transparent; ceramic; armor; aluminum oxynitride; sapphire ID SAPPHIRE; TEMPERATURE; STRENGTH; GROWTH AB For the past several decades, the Army has been interested in materials transparent to visible and infrared wavelengths for use in armor, IR windows and sensor windows. Future requirements for transparent armor are systems that can defeat greater threats without increased weight and thickness and minimal optical distortion. The Army Research Laboratory (ARL) is developing transparent armor systems to increase the performance of new windows. Aluminum oxynitride spinel (AlON) and single-crystal sapphire (Al2O3) are two of the ceramic candidates for advanced transparent armor applications. Aluminum oxide is a birefringent material that cannot be made transparent in a polycrystalline form. It is a transparent material as a single crystal (sapphire). The addition of nitrogen into Al2O3 stabilizes a cubic spinel crystal structure to form AlON (Raytheon Corp.). AlON can be made transparent as a polycrystalline material. Due to these chemical and microstructural differences, the materials vary in physical and mechanical properties. Various properties including elastic modulus, hardness, and strength of AlON and sapphire were determined. The fracture surfaces were examined using optical and electron microscopy. This paper will summarize the results of these investigations and present the properties and complicated fracture behavior of AlON and sapphire. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Patel, PJ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3747-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4102 BP 15 EP 24 DI 10.1117/12.405279 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BR61Y UT WOS:000166962200002 ER PT B AU Reyes, RA Scott, AL Falo, GA Collins, D Szrom, F Collins, JW AF Reyes, RA Scott, AL Falo, GA Collins, D Szrom, F Collins, JW GP MEDICAL PHYSIC MEDICAL PHYSIC TI Instrumentation selection for the detection of radiological sources of potential exposure or contamination SO INSTRUMENTATION, MEASUREMENTS, AND ELECTRONIC DOSIMETRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Midyear Topical Meeting on Instrumentation, Measurements, and Electronic Dosimetry CY JAN 30-FEB 02, 2000 CL VIRGINIA BEACH, VA SP Hlth Phys Soc AB U.S. Army Commanders are responsible for minimizing the total risk to their soldiers. Timely and quantifiable information on potential risks will lead to better decisions. One of the many risks that may be encountered on the battlefield or in peacekeeping missions is exposure to ionizing radiation. Human senses cannot detect ionizing radiation; therefore, one must rely on specialized equipment to detect, identify and measure sources of ionizing radiation. Equipment used by the U.S. Army to detect, identify and measure ionizing radiation is typically referred to as RADIAC (Radiation, Detection, Indication And Computation) equipment. A set of U.S. Army RADIAC equipment may have multiple probes for the detection of different types of radiation. Special attention is given in this report to the Army's AN/PDR-77 RADIAC set. The information from this paper is being used by the Army to develop technical guides, which will provide survey protocols for the detection and quantification of radiological sources and for prospective estimation of risks. In understanding the capabilities and limitations of their RADIAC equipment, Army Commanders will have near real-time information on which to base decisions concerning one of the many risks their soldiers may encounter. C1 USA, CHPPM, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Reyes, RA (reprint author), USA, CHPPM, 5158 Blackhawk Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEDICAL PHYSICS PUBLISHING PI MADISON PA 4513 VERNON BLVD, MADISON, WI 53705 USA BN 0-944838-93-6 PY 2000 BP 97 EP 105 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Medicine, General & Internal SC Instruments & Instrumentation; General & Internal Medicine GA BP77B UT WOS:000086116300015 ER PT B AU Komp, GR AF Komp, GR GP MEDICAL PHYSIC MEDICAL PHYSIC TI Calibration and measurement - Is there a connection? SO INSTRUMENTATION, MEASUREMENTS, AND ELECTRONIC DOSIMETRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Midyear Topical Meeting on Instrumentation, Measurements, and Electronic Dosimetry CY JAN 30-FEB 02, 2000 CL VIRGINIA BEACH, VA SP Hlth Phys Soc C1 USA, Radiat & Stand Lab, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35798 USA. RP Komp, GR (reprint author), USA, Radiat & Stand Lab, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35798 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEDICAL PHYSICS PUBLISHING PI MADISON PA 4513 VERNON BLVD, MADISON, WI 53705 USA BN 0-944838-93-6 PY 2000 BP 201 EP 203 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Medicine, General & Internal SC Instruments & Instrumentation; General & Internal Medicine GA BP77B UT WOS:000086116300029 ER PT J AU Wu, J Tidrow, SC Tidrow, MZ Ervin, MH Hoffman, RC Tipton, CW Robertson, DN Clark, WW AF Wu, J Tidrow, SC Tidrow, MZ Ervin, MH Hoffman, RC Tipton, CW Robertson, DN Clark, WW TI Preferentially oriented (La,Sr)CoO3/PbLa0.1TiO3/(La,Sr)CoO3 tri-layers on lithium-fluoride and sodium-chloride substrates SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Ferroelectrics Workshop (FWPR 99) CY MAY 12-14, 1999 CL GUANTICA, PUERTO RICO DE salts; ferroelectric; epitaxy; infrared ID FILMS AB (La,Sr)CoO3/PhLa0.1TiO3/(La,Sr)CoO3 tri-layers have been grown in situ using pulsed laser deposition on single crystal LIF and NaCl substrates because of their potential to serve as substrates and sacrificial layers for building suspended infrared detector structures. At growth temperatures around 525 degrees C to 615 degrees C and oxygen partial pressures of similar to 25 mTorr, the LaSrCoO3/PbLaTiO3/LaSrCoO3, tri-layers on LiF substrates exhibit preferential orientation, as indicated by x-ray diffraction data. The surface morphology of each successive layer is smooth, as shown in scanning electron microgram. Higher growth temperatures result in better orientations but suffer from substrate out-gassing, while lower growth temperatures lead to polycrystalline film growth. On the NaCl substrates, buffer layers, such as Pt and Pd, are necessary to achieve oriented films by suppressing severe substrate out-gassing, at the growth conditions required for stoichiometric (La,Sr)CoO3/PbLa0.1TiO3/(La,Sr)CoO3 tri-layer growth. C1 Univ Kansas, Dept Phys & Astron, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Wu, J (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Dept Phys & Astron, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. RI Tidrow, Steven/C-8133-2013 NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2000 VL 29 IS 1-2 BP 103 EP 112 DI 10.1080/10584580008222224 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 342MH UT WOS:000088648000010 ER PT J AU Tidrow, SC Adler, E Anthony, T Wiebach, W Synowczynski, J AF Tidrow, SC Adler, E Anthony, T Wiebach, W Synowczynski, J TI Evaluating voltage-tunable materials for RF phase shifter technology SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Ferroelectrics Workshop (FWPR 99) CY MAY 12-14, 1999 CL GUANTICA, PUERTO RICO DE ferroelectric; voltage tunable RF devices; barium compounds; microwave; figure of merit; phase shifters ID ARRAY ANTENNAS AB Today's phased-array antennas use hundreds of radiating elements that use relatively high-loss phase shifters that operate over a limited bandwidth. The number of elements and the phase shifter losses affect the overall cost of the antenna system. Ferroelectric RF phase shifters have the potential to meet the low-loss, low-cost requirements driving many phased-array applications. Some of the issues affecting the development of ferroelectric phase shifters include ferroelectric tunability, dielectric losses, conductor losses, and impedance mismatch. We used the measured tunability (250 kHz, room temperature), dielectric constant, and loss tangent (10 GHz, room temperature) of Ba1-xSrxTiO3 (0.4 < x < 0.6) with various amounts of MgO additive, 0 to 10 wt.%, to estimate the device performance of microstrip phase shifters. The electromagnetic model of the microstrip (which uses a standard 3-mil-wide 1-oz. copper line, 3-mil-thick BST/MgO composite and the bias criteria of 2 V/mu m) has produced performance benchmarks for a number of composites providing 360 degrees of phase shift. While the accuracy of the electromagnetic model used to evaluate these materials has limitations, the results do provide some insight as to which materials may be better suited fur 10-GHz phase shift devices. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Tidrow, SC (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Tidrow, Steven/C-8133-2013 NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2000 VL 29 IS 1-2 BP 151 EP 160 DI 10.1080/10584580008222228 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 342MH UT WOS:000088648000014 ER PT J AU Legree, PJ Martin, DE Psotka, J AF Legree, PJ Martin, DE Psotka, J TI Measuring cognitive aptitude using unobtrusive knowledge tests: A new survey technology SO INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Article ID ASVAB AB Five knowledge tests and one implicit-reasoning task were developed to be: (1) exceptionally short, (2) correlated with general cognitive aptitude, (3) unobtrusive, i.e., appear similar to attitudinal survey items as opposed to maximal performance measures, and (4) without formally "correct" answers. The intent was to design scales that could be administered in non-proctored environments to directly measure general cognitive aptitude while avoiding the possibility that participants could use references to provide "good" answers. The five knowledge tests used a Likert format to assess knowledge in verbal and practical domains, and were scored by computing distances between examinee and reference ratings. The implicit-reasoning task appeared to be a series completion "game" that required a dichotomous response. The scales were administered to 288 Air Force recruits and were validated against the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB). Individual unobtrusive knowledge scales and ASVAB tests were substantially correlated with sample correlations ranging to .39 and population correlation estimates to .66 after correcting for range restriction. Two sets of factor scores, which were separately derived from the unobtrusive test battery and the ASVAB, were highly correlated in our sample, .54, yielding a population correlation of .80 after correcting for range restriction. This technology is important because few paper- or Internet-based surveys, and virtually no mail-based surveys accurately measure general cognitive aptitude, while many of these surveys address important social issues and commercial questions that could be better understood given an unobtrusive but accurate estimate of general cognitive aptitude. C1 USA, Inst Res, Alexandria, VA 22333 USA. RP Legree, PJ (reprint author), USA, Inst Res, 5001 Eisenhower Ave, Alexandria, VA 22333 USA. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0160-2896 J9 INTELLIGENCE JI Intelligence PY 2000 VL 28 IS 4 BP 291 EP 308 DI 10.1016/S0160-2896(99)00039-2 PG 18 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 387CA UT WOS:000166101500004 ER PT B AU Fanelli, MRL Graham, JH AF Fanelli, MRL Graham, JH BE Page, D Graham, J TI Knowledge based planning of communications networks to support military ground operations SO INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Intelligent Systems CY JUN 15-17, 2000 CL LOUISVILLE, KY SP Int Soc Comp & Their Applicat AB This paper describes a prototype expert system planner, the ACUS Network Non-human Expert (ANNE), which was developed to assist in planning mobile subscriber equipment networks for rapid,deployment in military ground operations. The background and requirements for the military planning problem will be briefly examined, followed by a discussion of the knowledge acquisition and design and development strategies. The planning system was implemented in CLIPS version 6, using features of the CLIPS Object Oriented Language (COOL) and consisted of approximately 140 rules. The user interface was developed using Microsoft Visual C++ and runs under Microsoft Windows and Windows NT systems. The ANNE system was successfully tested under two network planning scenarios, and its performance was found to be very close to that of human experts. C1 USA, Signal Corp, Ft Leavenwoth, KS USA. RP Fanelli, MRL (reprint author), USA, Signal Corp, Ft Leavenwoth, KS USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY COMPUTER S & THEIR APPLICATIONS (ISCA) PI RALEIGH PA 8820 SIX FORKS ROAD, RALEIGH, NC 27615 USA BN 1-880843-33-1 PY 2000 BP 151 EP 154 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV54V UT WOS:000179331400035 ER PT S AU Brandt, HE AF Brandt, HE BE Brandt, HE TI General form for the collective bremsstrahlung recoil force in a nonequilibrium relativistic beam-plasma system SO INTENSE MICROWAVE PULSES VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Intense Microwave Pulses VII CY APR 24-25, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE bremsstrahlung; relativistic electron beams; radiative instability; beam-plasma systems; plasma turbulence AB The general form is derived, from first principles, for the collective bremsstrahlung recoil force on a test particle participating in a bremsstrahlung process in a relativistic nonequilibrium beam-plasma system. The force is expressed in terms of the particle and photon distribution functions and the bremsstrahlung transition rate. This relationship is useful in calculations of collective radiation processes and the conditions for the occurence of bremsstrahlung radiative instability in relativistic beam-plasma systems. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Brandt, HE (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3657-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4031 BP 76 EP 89 DI 10.1117/12.391817 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BR51J UT WOS:000166690300007 ER PT J AU Baginski, ME Shaffer, EC Thomas, KA McGuirk, JS AF Baginski, ME Shaffer, EC Thomas, KA McGuirk, JS TI A comparison of the electrodynamics of metals under the action of large electric currents SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED ELECTROMAGNETICS AND MECHANICS LA English DT Article AB A numerical investigation of the behavior of electrically thin exploding foils is presented. This work examines the effect that non-linear material properties have on the electrodynamic behavior of three metallic bridgefoils (Al, Cu, Au) having identical geometries but different material compositions. Previous experimental work and simulations focused on copper bridgefoils electrically excited using the first quarter cycle of a 1200 A, 1.7 Mhz current source. This high power current pulse induced solid to vapor phase transitions over the entire foil surface in exploding foil experiments. Use of a finite element code (FEM) to determine the transient thermal and electrical effects in the pre-melt regime has been previously demonstrated for copper. The FEM code solves two non-linear partial differential equations which account for the thermal conductivity, latent heat of fusion, and specific heat (C-v) of the foil. The focus of this research is to contrast the simulated behavior of three metal foils (Al, Cu, Au) by examining corresponding plots of electrical and thermal signatures as the foils progress temporally to melt. The model predicts that the pattern of pre-melt behavior for all three foils is similar. The time to melt was found to be shortest for gold, followed by copper, and finally, aluminum (TmAu < TmCu < TmAl). C1 Auburn Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. US Mil Acad, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, W Point, NY 10996 USA. AFRL, Fuzes Branch, MNMF, Eglin AFB, FL USA. RP Baginski, ME (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-5416 J9 INT J APPL ELECTROM JI Int. J. Appl. Electromagn. Mech. PY 2000 VL 11 IS 2 BP 79 EP 93 PG 15 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Mechanics; Physics GA 402GT UT WOS:000166978700002 ER PT J AU Balagon, MV Walsh, DS Tan, PL Cellona, RV Abalos, RM Tan, EV Fajardo, TT Watson, JD Walsh, GP AF Balagon, MV Walsh, DS Tan, PL Cellona, RV Abalos, RM Tan, EV Fajardo, TT Watson, JD Walsh, GP TI Improvement in psoriasis after intradermal administration of heat-killed Mycobacterium vaccae SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN EPIDERMAL-CELLS; PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; 3-DOSE SERIES; LYMPHOCYTE-T; IMMUNOTHERAPY; IMMUNIZATION; CHEMOTHERAPY; EXPRESSION; THERAPY; DISEASE AB Background New treatments for psoriasis are being developed, but many are associated with limited efficacy, side-effects, or rapid recurrence after discontinuation. Thus, the aim of new agents is to induce longer term remissions with fewer side-effects. Preliminary studies have shown that Mycobacterium vaccae, a nonpathogenic organism prepared as a heat-killed suspension, may induce periods of remission in some psoriasis patients when administered intradermally. Methods To further assess the efficacy and tolerability of M. vaccae in patients with moderate to severe psoriasis (psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) of 12-35), we conducted an open label study whereby 24 patients received two intradermal inoculations of M. vaccae in lesion-free deltoid skin, separated by a period of 3 weeks. Results Twelve weeks after starting treatment, 14 of 24 patients (58%) showed marked improvement in the PASI score (greater than 50% reduction), two had moderate improvement (25-50% reduction), six were unchanged (< 25% reduction), and two had worsened (> 5% increase). By 24 weeks, 11 of 22 patients continued to show greater than 50% improvement. Five patients had complete clearance of skin lesions that lasted for at least 6 months. Conclusions Intradermal administration of heat-killed M. vaccae suspension was well tolerated and induced clinically significant improvement in a majority of psoriasis patients in this cohort. Placebo-controlled testing to further define the efficacy of this treatment is warranted. C1 Amer Leprosy Fdn, Leonard Wood Mem Ctr Leprosy Res, Cebu, Philippines. USA Med Component, Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok, Thailand. Genesis Res & Dev Corp Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand. RP Walsh, DS (reprint author), Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, APO, AP 96546 USA. NR 40 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0011-9059 J9 INT J DERMATOL JI Int. J. Dermatol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 39 IS 1 BP 51 EP 58 DI 10.1046/j.1365-4362.2000.00862.x PG 8 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 286RQ UT WOS:000085459600014 PM 10651968 ER PT J AU Galli, RL Fine, RE Thorpe, BC Hale, BS Lieberman, HR AF Galli, RL Fine, RE Thorpe, BC Hale, BS Lieberman, HR TI Antisense oligonucleotide sequences targeting the muscarinic type 2 acetylcholine receptor enhance performance in the Morris water maze SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 27th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Neuroscience CY OCT 25-30, 1997 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA SP Soc Neurosci DE spatial; learning; memory; cholinergic; aging; m2 receptors ID IN-VIVO; MEMORY; RAT; OLIGODEOXYNUCLEOTIDES; INHIBITION; ANTAGONIST; ELEVATION; SUPPORTS; BEHAVIOR; RELEASE AB Blocking autoinhibitory muscarinic type 2 (m2) acetylcholine receptors in the central nervous system may increase the release of acetylcholine and improve learning and memory. Antisense oligunucleotides (OGNs) complementary to m2 receptor mRNA were synthesized and evaluated for their efficacy at decreasing receptor number and reversing deficits in a cognitive task. Three antisense OGNs, which decreased m2 receptor binding in NG108-15 cells, were continuously infused into the lateral cerebral ventricle of rats for 6 days at a rate of 0.5 mu l/h and a daily dose of 72 mu g. Performance in the Morris water maze was compared to groups receiving control OGNs or vehicle alone. Decrements induced by 0.2 mg/kg of scopolamine i.p. were significantly reversed by 2 of the 3 antisense OGNs. Use of antisense OGNs targeting the m2 receptor may be a new strategy to increase cholinergic neurotransmission and improve learning and memory. C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02215 USA. ENR VA Hosp, Bedford, MA USA. RP Galli, RL (reprint author), Simmons Coll, Dept Psychol, 300 Fenway, Boston, MA 02115 USA. FU PHS HHS [R37 A605894] NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0020-7454 J9 INT J NEUROSCI JI Int. J. Neurosci. PY 2000 VL 103 IS 1-4 BP 53 EP 68 PG 16 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 346BG UT WOS:000088849900006 PM 10938563 ER PT J AU Delano, G Parnell, GS Smith, C Vance, M AF Delano, G Parnell, GS Smith, C Vance, M TI Quality function deployment and decision analysis - A R&D case study SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OPERATIONS & PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE product design; technology; quality junction deployment; decision making; aircraft industry ID REQUIREMENTS; QFD AB This article presents and compares two techniques for making multiobjective product design decisions: quality function deployment (QFD) and decision analysis (DA). A research and development (R&D) case study describes the application of these techniques to the selection of the design for a new cargo/passenger aircraft. QFD provides a process for maintaining the voice of the customer structuring the information in a concise format, developing teamwork, and improving communication. DA improves the quality of decisions by providing the decision maker with a better understanding of his values, insights into value trade-offs art understanding of major uncertainties, and the value of additional information In this study, we found many similarities between the two techniques; however, for multiobjective decisions, decision analysis provides some significant advantages for generating alternatives and performing analysis. We recommend combining the best features of QFD and DA for R&D decision making. C1 Joint Warfare Anal Ctr, Dahlgren, VA USA. US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. Boeing Co, St Louis, MO USA. RP Delano, G (reprint author), Joint Warfare Anal Ctr, Dahlgren, VA USA. NR 15 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 7 PU MCB UNIV PRESS LTD PI BRADFORD PA 60/62 TOLLER LANE, BRADFORD BD8 9BY, W YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0144-3577 J9 INT J OPER PROD MAN JI Int. J. Oper. Prod. Manage. PY 2000 VL 20 IS 5-6 BP 591 EP 609 DI 10.1108/01443570010318959 PG 19 WC Management SC Business & Economics GA 325VN UT WOS:000087697300005 ER PT J AU Olexa, TJ Gentry, TJ Hartel, PG Wolf, DC Fuhrmann, JJ Reynolds, CM AF Olexa, T. J. Gentry, T. J. Hartel, P. G. Wolf, D. C. Fuhrmann, J. J. Reynolds, C. M. TI Mycorrhizal Colonization and Microbial Community Structure in the Rhizosphere of Annual Ryegrass Grown in Pyrene-Amended Soils SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION LA English DT Article DE biomarkers; FAME; fertility; phytoremediation; PAH AB In an 182-d lightroom experiment, annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) was grown in two soils under conditions of high and low fertility to examine the effect of pyrene (500 mg kg(-1)) on plant shoot biomass, mycorrhizal colonization, and soil microbial community structure. Treatments were destructively sampled every 14 d. Plant shoot biomass remained relatively unaffected by pyrene in either soil. Mycorrhizal colonization was only briefly affected by pyrene in one soil, but was unaffected in the other. Changes in soil microbial community structure were measured with whole soil fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profiles. Differences in soil microbial community structure were observed between planted and nonplanted treatments at both fertility levels, but these differences were unrelated to the presence of pyrene. The bulk soil was associated primarily with fatty acid biomarkers for Gram-positive bacteria, while the rhizosphere was associated primarily with the fatty acid biomarkers associated with protozoa. Differences in microbial community structure were observed between the two soils. Methylene chloride-extractable pyrene decreased in nonplanted and planted treatments of one soil, but decreased only in nonplanted treatments of the other soil. These results suggest the potential for phytoremediation to differ among soils. C1 [Olexa, T. J.; Hartel, P. G.] Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Gentry, T. J.; Wolf, D. C.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Fuhrmann, J. J.] Univ Delaware, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Newark, DE 19717 USA. [Reynolds, C. M.] US Army, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Hartel, PG (reprint author), 3111 Miller Plant Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM pghartel@arches.uga.edu FU Regional Hatch Funds [S-262]; Army Environmental Quality Technology Project [BT25-EC-06] FX The authors thank Jody Davis, Deborah Dinkins, Caroline Golt, Larry Perry, Amy Phillips, Chad Pidgeon, and Clarence Watson for their technical assistance. This research was funded by Regional Hatch Funds to Project S-262 (Enhancing Beneficial Microorganisms in the Rhizosphere) and the Army Environmental Quality Technology Project BT25-EC-06 (Biodegradation Processes of Explosives/Organics Using Cold Adapted Soil Systems). NR 45 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-6514 EI 1549-7879 J9 INT J PHYTOREMEDIAT JI Int. J. Phytoremediat. PY 2000 VL 2 IS 3 BP 213 EP 231 DI 10.1080/15226510009359033 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V33JV UT WOS:000209016000003 ER PT J AU Medina, VF Jeffers, PM Larson, SL Perez, W AF Medina, Victor F. Jeffers, Peter M. Larson, Steven L. Perez, Waleska TI Sterilization of Plants for Phytoremediation Studies by Bleach Treatment SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION LA English DT Article DE contaminant degradation rates; trinitrotoluene; methyl bromide; phytodegradation AB Bleach treatment of plants was studied as a simple alternative to axenic tissue cultures for demonstrating phytodegradation of aqueous and gas-phase environmental contaminants. Parrotfeather (Myriophyllum aquaticum), spinach (Spinacia oleracea), and wheat (Triticum aestivum) were exposed to 0.525% NaClO solutions for 15 s, then rinsed in deionized water. Plate counts indicated that 97 to 100% of viable bacteria were removed from parrotfeather and spinach. Transformation rates for 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) by bleached and untreated parrotfeather were virtually identical. Similarly, treated and untreated spinach, wheat heads, and wheat leaves removed methyl bromide (MeBr) from air at the same rates. However, wheat root with attendant adhering soil was rendered inactive by bleach treatment. Parrotfeather roots examined by dissecting microscope and by electron microscope showed no significant damage caused by bleach treatment. C1 [Medina, Victor F.] Washington State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Jeffers, Peter M.] SUNY Coll Cortland, Dept Chem, Cortland, NY 13045 USA. [Larson, Steven L.] US Army, Corps Engineers, Environm Chem Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Perez, Waleska] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Chem, Lajas, PR 00936 USA. RP Medina, VF (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 2710 Univ Dr, Richland, WA 99352 USA. FU USACE-WES; Petroleum Research Fund FX We gratefully acknowledge the contributions of Dr. Lovell Agwaramgbo, Dr. Charles Weiss, Jane Adams, Robert Jones, and Robert Swarthout. Funds were provided by USACE-WES, and by the Petroleum Research Fund administered by the American Chemical Society. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-6514 EI 1549-7879 J9 INT J PHYTOREMEDIAT JI Int. J. Phytoremediat. PY 2000 VL 2 IS 4 BP 287 EP 295 DI 10.1080/15226510008500039 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V33JW UT WOS:000209016100001 ER PT J AU Briant, CL Kumar, KS Rosenberg, N Tomioka, H AF Briant, CL Kumar, KS Rosenberg, N Tomioka, H TI The mechanical properties of high purity chromium SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRACTORY METALS & HARD MATERIALS LA English DT Article AB This paper presents a study of the mechanical properties of high purity chromium. The results show that if interstitial content is sufficiently high in the material, brittle fracture is observed at temperatures above room temperature. In particular, our results show that carbon has a very damaging effect. However, it was found that a single crystal of ultra-high purity chromium showed notch ductility at room temperature. When this material was rolled and recrystallized to put grain boundaries into the sample, it maintained notch ductility at room temperature. Thus we conclude that high purity chromium can have ductility at room temperature. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Brown Univ, Div Engn, Providence, RI 02912 USA. USA, JMC, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Briant, CL (reprint author), Brown Univ, Div Engn, Providence, RI 02912 USA. NR 5 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0263-4368 J9 INT J REFRACT MET H JI Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mat. PY 2000 VL 18 IS 1 BP 9 EP 11 DI 10.1016/S0263-4368(99)00031-1 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 349HD UT WOS:000089038900002 ER PT J AU Johnson, MS Ferguson, JW Holladay, SD AF Johnson, MS Ferguson, JW Holladay, SD TI Immune effects of oral 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) exposure to the white-footed mouse, Peromyscus leucopus SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE immune; Peromyscus; phagocytosis; spleen; TNT; thymus ID TOXIC-CHEMICALS; TRINITROTOLUENE; PHAGOCYTOSIS; RATS; SYSTEM; MICE; DOGS; FISH AB Immune toxicity associated with exposure to 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) in a 14-day feeding study was examined in male and female white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus), Mice (10/group/sex) were exposed to 0, 0.042, 0.083, 0.165, and 0.330% TNT in feed for 14 days, Based upon average feed consumption and body weight, these diets resulted in approximate daily doses of 66, 145, 275, and 601 mg TNT/kg body weight (bw) for males and 70, 142, 283, and 550 mg/kg/day for females. At the end of the exposure period the mice were euthanized and several indicators of nonspecific immunity were examined. These indicators included primary and secondary lymphoid organ/body weight ratio (spleen and thymus), and characterization of nonspecific immune responses (phagocytosis and radical oxygen intermediate [ROI] production). No deaths occurred, even though the high-dose group approached the reported LD50 in Swiss-Webster mice (Dilley et al, 1982. Toxicol. Environ. Health 9:565-585), Spleen weight was significantly increased in the high-dose group (0.330% TNT) for both sexes, whereas a dose-related trend in thymus cellularity was suggestive for males, but not females. In addition, males, but not females, displayed inhibited splenic macrophage phagocytosis and ROI production. Splenic congestion and extramedullary hematopoiesis were observed in both sexes in the two highest dose groups. These results suggest species-specific differences in relative subacute toxicity between laboratory (genus Mus) and Nearctic (genus Peromyscus) mice. In addition, these immunological indicators appear more sensitive than other toxicological endpoints that have been reported as most descriptive of TNT-related effects in mammals. C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Toxicol Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Johnson, MS (reprint author), USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Toxicol Directorate, 5158 Blackhawk Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 29 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND SN 1091-5818 J9 INT J TOXICOL JI Int. J. Toxicol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 19 IS 1 BP 5 EP 11 PG 7 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 295JX UT WOS:000085963900002 ER PT J AU Kattamis, TZ Skolianos, S Fountzoulas, CG AF Kattamis, TZ Skolianos, S Fountzoulas, CG TI Effect of annealing on the cohesion, adhesion, and tribological behavior of amorphous silicon-containing diamond-like carbon (Si-DLC) coatings on steel SO JOURNAL OF ADHESION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE diamond-like carbon coatings; residual stresses; cohesion; adhesion; friction coefficient; wear resistance ID SPUTTERED ALUMINA COATINGS; CHEMICAL VAPOR-DEPOSITION; WEAR-RESISTANCE; RESIDUAL-STRESS; FILMS; COMPOSITES; STABILITY; CERAMICS; FRICTION; TIN AB Amorphous silicon-containing diamond-like carbon (Si-DLC) coatings were deposited by Arf ion beam-assisted physical vapor deposition of tetraphenyl-tetramethyl-trisiloxane (704 Dow Coming diffusion pump oil) on AISI 4340 low alloy and 440 C high alloy steel specimens, as well as on thin wafers of the same compositions, in order to evaluate residual stresses within the coatings. During annealing in an argon atmosphere at 200 degrees C for up to 30 min, the residual compressive stress, attributed to hydrogen entrapment during deposition, gradually changed to tensile due to loss of hydrogen, and the rate of stress increase decreased with increasing annealing time. The cohesion and adhesion failure loads of the coatings decreased with annealing time, as did the friction coefficient between the coating and a diamond stylus. The specific wear rate: measured by pin-on-disk tribometry, increased with annealing time. These properties are affected not only by the change in residual stress state during annealing, but most likely also by devitrification and the accompanying grain growth. If these effects are neglected, then the properties may be correlated directly with residual stresses in the coating. C1 Univ Connecticut, Inst Mat Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Aristotelian Univ Salonika, Dept Mech Engn, Salonika 55236, Greece. USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Kattamis, TZ (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Inst Mat Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU VSP BV PI ZEIST PA PO BOX 346, 3700 AH ZEIST, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4243 J9 J ADHES SCI TECHNOL JI J. Adhes. Sci. Technol. PY 2000 VL 14 IS 6 BP 805 EP 816 DI 10.1163/15685610051066721 PG 12 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 314CV UT WOS:000087037900003 ER PT J AU Carregal, VA Blair, E Eliasson, A Fitzpatrick, T Kim, C Wain, H Gurevich-Uvena, J AF Carregal, VA Blair, E Eliasson, A Fitzpatrick, T Kim, C Wain, H Gurevich-Uvena, J TI Model of the multidisciplinary approach to complex disease: Vocal cord dysfunction SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Allergy & Clin Immunol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Div Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Pediat Pulmonary Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Psychiat Consultat Liaison Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Speech Pathol Sect, Audiol & Speech Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 105 IS 1 SU S MA 301 BP S101 EP S101 DI 10.1016/S0091-6749(00)90730-9 PN 2 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 287WR UT WOS:000085530100298 ER PT J AU Katial, R Hershey, J Purohit, T Engler, RJM AF Katial, R Hershey, J Purohit, T Engler, RJM TI Cell mediated immune response to tuberculosis purified protein derivative: Comparison of TB skin testing to in vitro gamma-interferon production SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 105 IS 1 SU S MA 897 BP S305 EP S305 DI 10.1016/S0091-6749(00)91325-3 PN 2 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 287WR UT WOS:000085530100893 ER PT J AU Kosisky, SE Squire, EN Bienlein, AA Engler, RJ Katial, RK AF Kosisky, SE Squire, EN Bienlein, AA Engler, RJ Katial, RK TI Nationwide standardized skin test panel: A panel for all seasons SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 105 IS 1 SU S MA 1099 BP S376 EP S376 DI 10.1016/S0091-6749(00)91525-2 PN 2 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 287WR UT WOS:000085530101093 ER PT J AU Martin, BL Collins, LC Nelson, MR O'Connell, MA Engler, RJM AF Martin, BL Collins, LC Nelson, MR O'Connell, MA Engler, RJM TI Immediate hypersensitivity to anthrax vaccine: Three cases SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Blanchfield Army Hosp, Ft Campbell, KY USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 105 IS 1 SU S MA 1029 BP S349 EP S349 DI 10.1016/S0091-6749(00)91455-6 PN 2 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 287WR UT WOS:000085530101023 ER PT J AU Menich, M Oaks, HG Costello, C Hoffman, KJ Engler, RJM AF Menich, M Oaks, HG Costello, C Hoffman, KJ Engler, RJM TI Systemic symptoms with anthrax vaccine (AVA) doses 1 & 2 SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 105 IS 1 SU S MA 1007 BP S342 EP S342 DI 10.1016/S0091-6749(00)91433-7 PN 2 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 287WR UT WOS:000085530101001 ER PT J AU Pittman, PR Kim-Ahn, G Gibbs, P Coonan, K Pifat, D Pace, J Friedlander, A AF Pittman, PR Kim-Ahn, G Gibbs, P Coonan, K Pifat, D Pace, J Friedlander, A TI Anthrax vaccination: Safety and immunogenicity of reduced dosing schedules and alternative route of administration (IM vs SQ) SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 105 IS 1 SU S MA 1041 BP S354 EP S354 DI 10.1016/S0091-6749(00)91467-2 PN 2 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 287WR UT WOS:000085530101035 ER PT J AU Stelzle, R Myers, K Hershey, J Engler, RJM AF Stelzle, R Myers, K Hershey, J Engler, RJM TI Comparison of two prick skin test(SKT) methods using multiple testers: Bifurcated needle (BN) versus GreerPIK (GP) SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Eisenhower AMC, Augusta, GA USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 105 IS 1 SU S MA 996 BP S338 EP S338 DI 10.1016/S0091-6749(00)91422-2 PN 2 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 287WR UT WOS:000085530100990 ER PT J AU Braun, B Mawson, JT Muza, SR Dominick, SB Brooks, GA Horning, MA Rock, PB Moore, LG Mazzeo, RS Ezeji-Okoye, SC Butterfield, GE AF Braun, B Mawson, JT Muza, SR Dominick, SB Brooks, GA Horning, MA Rock, PB Moore, LG Mazzeo, RS Ezeji-Okoye, SC Butterfield, GE TI Women at altitude: carbohydrate utilization during exercise at 4,300 m SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE stable isotope; hypobaric hypoxia; substrate utilization; glucose flux; gender differences; ovarian hormones; menstrual cycle ID GENDER DIFFERENCES; METABOLISM; MEN; EXPOSURE; GLUCOSE; SUBSTRATE; FAT; ACCLIMATIZATION; HYPOGLYCEMIA; ADAPTATION AB To evaluate the hypothesis that exposure to high altitude would reduce blood glucose and total carbohydrate utilization relative to sea level (SL), 16 young women were studied over four 12-day periods: at 50% of peak O(2) consumption in different menstrual cycle phases (SL-50), at 65% of peak O(2) consumption at SL (SL-65), and at 4,300 m (HA). After 10 days in each condition, blood glucose rate of disappearance (Rd) and respiratory exchange ratio were measured at rest and during 45 min of exercise. Glucose Rd during exercise at HA (4.71 +/- 0.30 mg kg(-1) min(-1)) was not different from SL exercise at the same absolute intensity (SL-50 = 5.03 mg kg(-1) min(-1)) but was lower at the same relative intensity (SL-65 = 6.22 mg kg(-1) min(-1), P < 0.01). There were no differences, however, when glucose Rd was corrected for energy expended (kcal/min) during exercise. Respiratory exchange ratios followed the same pattern, except carbohydrate oxidation remained lower (-23.2%, P < 0.01) at KA than at SL when corrected for energy expended. In women, unlike in men, carbohydrate utilization decreased at HA. Relative abundance of estrogen and progesterone in women may partially explain the sex differences in fuel utilization at HA, but subtle differences between menstrual cycle phases at SL had no physiologically relevant effects. C1 Vet Affairs Hlth Care Syst, Aging Study Unit, Ctr Geriatr Res Educ & Clin, Palo Alto, CA 93404 USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Div Gerontol Endocrinol & Metab, Palo Alto, CA 93404 USA. USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Thermal & Mt Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Colorado, Womens Hlth Res Ctr, Denver, CO 80262 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Kinesiol & Appl Physiol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Braun, B (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Exercise Sci, 110 Totman Bldg, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM bbrown@excsci.umass.edu OI Brooks, George A./0000-0002-1389-1629 FU NCRR NIH HHS [501RR00051, M01RR00083-33] NR 42 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 3 U2 19 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 8750-7587 J9 J APPL PHYSIOL JI J. Appl. Physiol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 88 IS 1 BP 246 EP 256 PG 11 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA 273ML UT WOS:000084711400034 PM 10642387 ER PT J AU Mawson, JT Braun, B Rock, PB Moore, LG Mazzeo, R Butterfield, GE AF Mawson, JT Braun, B Rock, PB Moore, LG Mazzeo, R Butterfield, GE TI Women at altitude: energy requirement at 4,300 m SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE basal metabolic rate; nitrogen balance; acclimatization; menstrual cycle; controlled diet; energy balance; weight control ID METABOLIC-RATE; BODY-COMPOSITION; MENSTRUAL-CYCLE; WEIGHT-LOSS; EXPENDITURE; EXPOSURE; ACCLIMATIZATION; ELEVATION; BALANCE; EVEREST AB To test the hypotheses that prolonged exposure to moderately high altitude increases the energy requirement of adequately fed women and that the sole cause of the increase is an elevation in basal metabolic rate (BMR), we studied 16 healthy women [21.1 +/- 0.5 (SD) yr; 167.4 +/- 1.1 can; 62.2 +/- 1.0 kg]. Studies were conducted over 12 days at sea level (SL) and at 4,300 m [high altitude (HA)]. To test that menstrual cycle phase has an effect on energetics at KA, we monitored menstrual cycle in all women, and most women (n = 11) were studied in the same phase at SL and HA. Daily energy intake at HA was increased to respond to increases in BMR and to maintain body weight and body composition. Mean BMR for the group rose 6.9% above SL by day 3 at HA and fell to SL values by day 6. Total energy requirement remained elevated 6% at HA [similar to 670 kJ/day (160 kcal/day) above that at SL], but the small and transient increase in BMR could not explain all of this increase, giving rise to an apparent "energy requirement excess." The transient nature of the rise in BMR may have been due to the fitness level of the subjects. The response to altitude was not affected by menstrual cycle phase. The energy requirement excess is at present unexplained. C1 Palo Alto VA Hlth Care Syst, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01460 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80262 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Butterfield, GE (reprint author), Palo Alto VA Hlth Care Syst, GRECC 182-B,3801 Miranda Ave, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR00051]; NHLBI NIH HHS [HL14985] NR 40 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 8750-7587 J9 J APPL PHYSIOL JI J. Appl. Physiol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 88 IS 1 BP 272 EP 281 PG 10 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA 273ML UT WOS:000084711400037 PM 10642390 ER PT J AU Kirk, JP Morrow, JV Killgore, KJ De Kozlowski, SJ Preacher, JW AF Kirk, JP Morrow, JV Killgore, KJ De Kozlowski, SJ Preacher, JW TI Population response of triploid grass carp to declining levels of Hydrilla in the Santee Cooper reservoirs, South Carolina SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE aquatic plants; growth; mortality; aquatic plant management; population size Ctenopharyngodon idella; Hydrilla verticillata AB Approximately 768,500 triploid grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella Valenciennes) were stocked into the Santee Cooper reservoirs, South Carolina between 1989 and 1996 to control hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle). Hydrilla coverage was reduced from a high of 17,272 ha during 1994 to a few ha by 1998. During 1997, 1998 and 1999, at least 98 triploid grass carp were collected yearly for population monitoring. Estimates of age, growth, and mortality as well as population models, were used in the study to monitor triploid grass carp and predict population trends. Condition declined from that measured during a previous study in 1994. The annual mortality rate was estimated at 28% in 1997, 32% in 1998 and 39% in 1999; however, only the 1999 mortality rate was significantly different. Few (2 out of 98) of the triploid grass carp collected during 1999 were older than age 9. We expect increased mortality due to an aging population and sparse hydrilla coverage. During 1999, we estimated about 63,000 triploid grass carp system wide and project less than 3,000 fish by 2004, assuming no future stocking. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. S Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Columbia, SC 29205 USA. Charleston Dist Corps Engineers, Charleston, SC 29402 USA. RP Kirk, JP (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 31 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC PI CLERMONT PA PO BOX 121086, CLERMONT, FL 34712-1086 USA SN 0146-6623 J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 38 BP 14 EP 17 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 400LZ UT WOS:000166874300002 ER PT J AU Netherland, MD Skogerboe, JD Owens, CS Madsen, JD AF Netherland, MD Skogerboe, JD Owens, CS Madsen, JD TI Influence of water temperature on the efficacy of diquat and endothall versus curlyleaf pondweed SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Potamogeton crispus; herbicide; chemical control; Aquathol K (TM); Reward (TM) ID POTAMOGETON-CRISPUS L; TURION FORMATION; GROWTH; LAKE AB Studies were conducted in a greenhouse facility and a pond to determine the impact of water temperature on the efficacy of the contact herbicides diquat (6,7-dihydrodipyrido [1,2-alpha :2',1'-c] pyrazinediium ion) and endothall (7-oxabicyclo [2.2.1] heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid) for control of the exotic nuisance species curlyleaf pondweed (Potamogeton crispus L.) across a range of water temperatures. Although P. crispus is reported to be highly susceptible to contact herbicides, treatments are usually conducted late in the growing season after turion formation has occurred. These turions are the major source of reinfestation the following spring, and treatment strategies to prevent their production would require applications at water temperatures which are generally thought to inhibit herbicide efficacy. Herbicide treatments were applied to 50-L aquaria containing curlyleaf pondweed growing at water temperatures of 10, 12.5, 15, 20, and 25C. Both diquat and endothall efficacy was inhibited as water temperature decreased; however, treatments at all temperatures significantly reduced biomass and turion formation. Although treatments conducted at 25C were the most efficacious, waiting until the water warms to this temperature limits the potential for reducing turion production. Endothall treatment of small plots in a pond infested with curlyleaf pondweed demonstrated that a late March treatment (18C water) reduced turion densities by 86%, whereas a mid-May treatment (25C water) reduced turions by 40% compared to untreated plots. Based on results of this study, it is recommended that early spring and fall treatment strategies are rested to determine if curlyleaf pondweed can be more effectively managed on a long-term basis by reducing turion populations. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev CTr, CEERDESP, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. USA, Engineer Res & Dev CTr, Lewisville Aquat Ecosyst Res Facil, Lewisville, TX 75056 USA. ASCI Corp, Lewisville Aquat Ecosyst Res Facil, Lewisville, TX 75056 USA. RP Madsen, JD (reprint author), Minnesota State Univ, Dept Biol, S242 Trafton Sci Ctr, Mankato, MN 56001 USA. NR 12 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 7 PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC PI CLERMONT PA PO BOX 121086, CLERMONT, FL 34712-1086 USA SN 0146-6623 J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 38 BP 25 EP 32 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 400LZ UT WOS:000166874300004 ER PT J AU Nelson, LS Getsinger, KD AF Nelson, LS Getsinger, KD TI Herbicide evaluation for control of wild taro SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Nelson, LS (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Waterways Expt Stn, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 10 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC PI CLERMONT PA PO BOX 121086, CLERMONT, FL 34712-1086 USA SN 0146-6623 J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 38 BP 70 EP 72 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 400LZ UT WOS:000166874300011 ER PT J AU Parker, JM Cary-Freitas, B Berg, BW AF Parker, JM Cary-Freitas, B Berg, BW TI Symptomatic vascular rings in adulthood: An uncommon mimic of asthma SO JOURNAL OF ASTHMA LA English DT Article DE vascular rings; asthma; congenital disorders; adult diseases; variable intrathoracic obstruction; flow volume loops; diagnosis; management ID TRACHEAL; COMPRESSION; EXPERIENCE AB Symptomatic thoracic vascular rings presenting in adulthood are thought to be rare. During a 3-year time period, we diagnosed four cases of symptomatic vascular rings, which had been treated unsuccessfully for suspected asthma. Spirometry was characterized by normal forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1), and FEV1/FVC, decreased peak expiratory flow (PEF), and truncation of the expiratory flow volume loop. Chest radiographs revealed a right aortic arch in each case with computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) confirming the diagnosis of a vascular ring. The specific abnormalities consisted of right aortic arch with mirror branching of the main arteries and persistent ligamentum arteriosum; right aortic arch with diverticulum and a fibrous embryonic left arch; right aortic arch with aberrant left subclavian artery arising from a diverticulum of Kommerell; and a right aortic arch with persistent ligamentum arteriosum. Although they are uncommon, vascular rings first presenting in adulthood as a mimic of asthma are not rare. This diagnosis should be considered in adults when abnormal truncation of the flow-volume loop occurs or when radiographic aortic arch abnormalities are found. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Parker, JM (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Resp Res, Div Mil Casualty Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 19 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0277-0903 J9 J ASTHMA JI J. Asthma PY 2000 VL 37 IS 3 BP 275 EP 280 DI 10.3109/02770900009055450 PG 6 WC Allergy; Respiratory System SC Allergy; Respiratory System GA 313DD UT WOS:000086984300007 PM 10831152 ER PT J AU Andreas, EL AF Andreas, EL TI Obtaining surface momentum and sensible heat fluxes from crosswind scintillometers SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LAYER FLUXES; SEA ICE; SCINTILLATION; ROUGHNESS; WIND; TURBULENCE; PARAMETERS; TERRAIN AB A crosswind scintillometer measures the average wind speed perpendicular to its propagation path, U-perpendicular to, and the refractive index structure parameter C-n(2). While C-n(2) is a turbulence statistic, the worth of U-perpendicular to for turbulence research is not immediately obvious. This paper demonstrates, however, that, with a measurement of wind direction, U-perpendicular to converts to U-z, the mean wind speed at path height z. Furthermore, if an estimate of the roughness length for momentum, z(0), is available, the surface layer similarity equations for U-z and C-n(2) can be solved iteratively to yield two prime turbulence variables: the friction velocity u(*) and the surface flux of sensible heat H-s. A sensitivity analysis suggests that, in optimum conditions, a crosswind scintillometer should be capable of providing u(*) and H-s with uncertainties of +/-10%-15% and +/-20%-30%, respectively. The crosswind scintillometer, thus, can be an important tool for measuring path-averaged values of u(*) and H-s. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Andreas, EL (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 42 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 17 IS 1 BP 3 EP 16 DI 10.1175/1520-0426(2000)017<0003:OSMASH>2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 277MK UT WOS:000084937200001 ER PT J AU Poggio, LP Furger, M Prevot, ASH Graber, WK Andreas, EL AF Poggio, LP Furger, M Prevot, ASH Graber, WK Andreas, EL TI Scintillometer wind measurements over complex terrain SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SCINTILLATION; FLUXES AB Several large-aperture scintillometers were built at the Paul Scherrer Institute with the aim to measure wind over complex terrain. A prototype instrument was tested over flat ground, and the performance of six analyzing techniques was evaluated by comparing them with conventional anemometers. Next, a set of five improved scintillometers was used in an experiment over complex terrain. This experiment represents a unique opportunity for evaluating scintillometer performance by comparing their results to sodar, aircraft, and ground station measurements. The results complement and partly contradict the observations previously published; the so-called peak technique is the most reliable and frequency techniques fail to provide faithful results in many cases. The measurements demonstrate that scintillometry is useful and reliable for wind and turbulence measurements over complex terrain. C1 Paul Scherrer Inst, Atmospher Pollut Sect, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. ETH Zurich, Inst Atmospher Sci, Zurich, Switzerland. RP Furger, M (reprint author), Paul Scherrer Inst, Atmospher Pollut Sect, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. RI Prevot, Andre/C-6677-2008; Furger, Markus/C-2224-2009 OI Prevot, Andre/0000-0002-9243-8194; Furger, Markus/0000-0003-2401-6448 NR 16 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 17 IS 1 BP 17 EP 26 DI 10.1175/1520-0426(2000)017<0017:SWMOCT>2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 277MK UT WOS:000084937200002 ER PT J AU Dudley, BF Brimfield, AA Winston, GW AF Dudley, BF Brimfield, AA Winston, GW TI Oxidation of thiodiglycol (2,2 '-thiobis-ethanol) by alcohol dehydrogenase: Comparison of human isoenzymes SO JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE human ADH; sulfur mustard; thiodiglycol; chemical warfare agents ID ALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE; BINDING PROTEIN; HUMAN STOMACH; PHOSPHATASE-2A; LOCALIZATION; INHIBITION; EXPRESSION; ISOZYME; ETHANOL; ENZYME AB Sulfur mustard is a chemical warfare agent that causes blistering of the skin and damages the eyes and airway after environmental exposure. We have previously reported that thiodiglycol (TDG, 2,2'-bis-thiodiethanol), the hydrolysis product of sulfur mustard, is oxidized by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) purified from horse liver or present in mouse liver and human skin cytosol. Humans express four functional classes of ADH composed of several different isozymes, which vary in their tissue distribution, some occurring in skin. To help us evaluate the potential contribution of the various human isozymes toward toxicity in skin and in other tissues, we have compared the catalytic activity of purified human class I alpha alpha-, beta(1)beta(1)s beta(2)beta(2)-, and gamma(1)gamma(1)-ADH, class II pi-ADH, class III chi-ADH, and class IV sigma-ADH with respect to TDG oxidation and their relative sensitivities to inhibition by pyrazole. Specific activities toward TDG were 123, 79, 347, 647, and 12 nmol/min/mg for the class I alpha alpha-, beta(1)beta(1)-, beta(2)beta(2)-, and gamma(1)gamma(1)-ADH and class II pi-ADH, respectively. TDG was not a substrate for class III chi-ADH. The specific activity of class IV sigma-ADH was estimated at about 1630 nmol/min/mg. 1 mM pyrazole, a potent inhibitor of class I ADH, inhibited the class I alpha alpha, beta(1)beta(1), beta(2)beta(2), and gamma(1)gamma(1) ADH and class IV sigma-ADH by 83, 100, 56, 90, and 73%, respectively. The class I alpha alpha- and beta(1)beta(1)-ADH oxidized TDG with k(cat)/K-m value of 7-8 mM(-1) min(-1), beta(2)beta(2)-ADH with a value 19 mM(-1) min(-1) and class I gamma(1)gamma(1)-ADH with a value of 176 mM(-1) min(-1). The k(cat)/K-m, value for class IV sigma-ADH was estimated at 4 mM(-1) min(-1). The activities of class IV sigma-ADH and class I gamma(1)gamma(1)-ADH are of significant interest because of their prevalence in eyes, lungs stomach, and skin, all target organs of sulfur mustard toxicity. (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Toxicol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Sci Biol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Winston, GW (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Toxicol, Box 7633, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. FU NIAAA NIH HHS [AA07658] NR 27 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1095-6670 J9 J BIOCHEM MOL TOXIC JI J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol. PY 2000 VL 14 IS 5 BP 244 EP 251 DI 10.1002/1099-0461(2000)14:5<244::AID-JBT3>3.0.CO;2-4 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Toxicology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Toxicology GA 345NP UT WOS:000088822300003 PM 10969996 ER PT J AU Sabourin, CLK Petrali, JP Casillas, RP AF Sabourin, CLK Petrali, JP Casillas, RP TI Alterations in inflammatory cytokine gene expression in sulfur mustard-exposed mouse skin SO JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 01-05, 1998 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON SP Soc Toxicol DE sulfur mustard (HD); bis(2-chloroethyl)sulfide; skin; inflammation; mouse; cytokine; gene expression; RT-PCR; immunohistochemistry; in vivo; animal model ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; HAIRLESS GUINEA-PIGS; CULTURED HUMAN KERATINOCYTES; COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR; PERFUSED PORCINE SKIN; CHEMICAL WARFARE; BLISTER FLUIDS; LESIONS; NIACINAMIDE; TOXICITY AB Cutaneous exposure to sulfur mustard (bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide, HD), a chemical warfare agent, produces a delayed inflammatory skin response and severe tissue injury. Despite defined roles of inflammatory cytokines produced or released in response to skin-damaging chemicals, in vivo cytokine responses associated with HD-induced skin pathogenesis are not well understood. Additionally, there is little information on the in vivo temporal sequence of gene expression of cytokines postexposure to HD. The goal of these studies was to identify in vivo molecular biomarkers of HD skin injury within 24 hours after HD challenge. Gene expression of interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta), granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) in the mouse ear vesicant model was examined by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). An increase in IL-1 beta mRNA levels was first observed at 3 hours. IL-1 beta, GM-CSF, and IL-6 mRNA levels were dramatically increased at 6-24 hours postexposure. IL-1 alpha mRNA levels were not increased following HD exposure. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that IL-1 beta and IL-6 protein was produced at multiple sites within the ear, including epithelial cells, inflammatory cells, hair follicles, sebaceous glands, the dermal microvasculature, smooth muscle, and the dermal connective tissue. An increase in the intensity of staining for IL-1 beta and IL-6 was observed in localized areas at 6 hours and was evident in multiple areas at 24 hours. Positive staining for GM-CSF immunoreactive protein was localized to the inflammatory cells within the dermis. The number of immunostaining cells was increased as early as 1 hour following HD exposure. These studies document an early increase in the in vivo expression of inflammatory cytokines following cutaneous HD exposure. Bin understanding of the in vivo cytokine patterns following HD skin exposure may lead to defining the pathogenic mechanisms of HD injury and the development of pharmacological countermeasures. (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 Ohio State Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Environm Hlth Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Casillas, RP (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, 505 King Ave, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. NR 51 TC 60 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1095-6670 J9 J BIOCHEM MOL TOXIC JI J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol. PY 2000 VL 14 IS 6 BP 291 EP 302 DI 10.1002/1099-0461(2000)14:6<291::AID-JBT1>3.0.CO;2-B PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Toxicology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Toxicology GA 363JY UT WOS:000089833600001 PM 11083082 ER PT J AU West, BJ Allegrini, P Buiatti, M Grigolini, P AF West, BJ Allegrini, P Buiatti, M Grigolini, P TI Non-normal statistics of DNA sequences of prokaryotes SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE DNA walk; inverse power law; Levy statistics; nonlinear dynamics ID LONG-RANGE CORRELATIONS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCES; DYNAMICAL-APPROACH; LEVY PROCESSES; DIFFUSION; MODEL AB The root n-rule of Schrodinger in his discussion of DNA is based on normal statistics and equilibrium physics. Herein the kurtosis is used to measure the deviation from normality of the stistics of non-equilibrium DNA sequences. A pattern for this deviation from normality is identified and this signature is found in prokaryotes. The signature is explained by a theory of DNA sequences that involves finite length DNA walks with dynamically generated long-range correlations. C1 USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ N Texas, Ctr Nonlinear Sci, Denton, TX 76203 USA. Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. CNR, Ist Biofis, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. RI Allegrini, Paolo/C-1876-2012; OI Allegrini, Paolo/0000-0002-5476-9005; Buiatti, Marco/0000-0003-2362-7853 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0092-0606 J9 J BIOL PHYS JI J. Biol. Phys. PY 2000 VL 26 IS 1 BP 17 EP 25 DI 10.1023/A:1005284418550 PG 9 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 302VH UT WOS:000086386000003 PM 23345709 ER PT J AU Griffin, L West, DJ West, BJ AF Griffin, L West, DJ West, BJ TI Random stride intervals with memory SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE stride interval ID LONG-RANGE CORRELATIONS; HUMAN GAIT; ALLOMETRIC CONTROL AB The stride interval in normal human gait is not strictly constant, but fluctuates from step to step in a random manner. Herein we show that contrary to the traditional assumption of uncorrelated random errors, these fluctuations have long-time memory. However, rather than being a monofractal process as found earlier, there exists a multiplicative time scale that characterizes the process in addition to the fractal dimension. Further, these long-time correlations are interpreted in terms of an allometric control process. C1 Duke Univ, Durham, NC USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Phys, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. USA, Res Off, Div Math & Comp Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RI West, Damien/F-8616-2012; West, Bruce/E-3944-2017 OI West, Damien/0000-0002-4970-3968; NR 17 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0092-0606 J9 J BIOL PHYS JI J. Biol. Phys. PY 2000 VL 26 IS 3 BP 185 EP 202 DI 10.1023/A:1010322406831 PG 18 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 414ZB UT WOS:000167695100001 PM 23345721 ER PT J AU Burns, AR Bowden, RA MacDonell, SD Walker, DC Odebunmi, TO Donnachie, EM Simon, SI Entman, ML Smith, CW AF Burns, AR Bowden, RA MacDonell, SD Walker, DC Odebunmi, TO Donnachie, EM Simon, SI Entman, ML Smith, CW TI Analysis of tight junctions during neutrophil transendothelial migration SO JOURNAL OF CELL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE endothelium; neutrophil; inflammation; tight junction ID TO-CELL JUNCTIONS; CULTURED ENDOTHELIAL MONOLAYERS; LEUKOCYTE TRANSMIGRATION; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; TISSUE-CULTURE; OCCLUDIN; ADHERENCE; INVITRO; PERMEABILITY; HISTAMINE AB Intercellular junctions have long been considered the main sites through which adherent neutrophils (PMNs) penetrate the endothelium, Tight junctions (TJs; zonula occludens) are the most apical component of the intercellular cleft and they form circumferential belt-like regions of intimate contact between adjacent endothelial cells. Whether PMN transmigration involves disruption of the TJ complex is unknown. We report here that endothelial TJs appear to remain intact during PMN adhesion and transmigration, Human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) monolayers, a commonly used model for studying leukocyte trafficking, were cultured in astrocyte-conditioned medium to enhance TJ expression, Immunofluorescence microscopy and immunoblot analysis showed that activated PMN adhesion to resting monolayers or PMN migration across interleukin-l-treated monolayers does not result in widespread proteolytic loss of TJ proteins (ZO-1, ZO-2, and occludin) from endothelial borders. Ultrastructurally, TJs appear intact during and immediately following PMN transendothelial migration. Similarly, transendothelial electrical resistance is unaffected by PMN adhesion and migration. Previously, we showed that TJs are inherently discontinuous at tricellular corners where the borders of three endothelial cells meet and PMNs migrate preferentially at tricellular corners. Collectively, these results suggest that PMN migration at tricellular corners preserves the barrier properties of the endothelium and does not involve widespread disruption of endothelial TJs. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Univ British Columbia, Pulm Res Lab, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Burns, AR (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RI Ladoux, Benoit/A-9879-2013; Sawant, Kirti/H-3778-2013 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL42550, HL24585]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI19031] NR 44 TC 133 Z9 134 U1 0 U2 6 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0021-9533 J9 J CELL SCI JI J. Cell Sci. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 113 IS 1 BP 45 EP 57 PG 13 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 279GK UT WOS:000085035900007 PM 10591624 ER PT J AU Nambiar, MP Fisher, CU Enyedy, EJ Warke, VG Krishnan, S Tsokos, GC AF Nambiar, MP Fisher, CU Enyedy, EJ Warke, VG Krishnan, S Tsokos, GC TI Heat stress downregulates TCR zeta chain expression in human T lymphocytes SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE heat stress; human T lymphocytes; TCR zeta chain ID CELL RECEPTOR; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; SHOCK PROTEINS; PHOSPHORYLATION; BINDING; ACTIVATION; CYTOSKELETON; DEGRADATION; RESPONSES; COMPLEXES AB After heat treatment, human T lymphocytes downregulate the T-cell receptor (TCR)/CD3-mediaied (Ca2+](i) response and production of inositol triphosphate. Here we demonstrate that heat treatment of T lymphocytes at sublethal temperature decreases the expression of TCR zeta chain, which plays a critical role in the regulation of TCR/CD3-mediated signal transduction. Downregulation of TCR i chain in heat-treated T cells was observed at 8 h and reached a maximum at 16 h. Under these conditions, the expression of CD3 is an element of or TCR alpha beta chains was minimally affected. Consistent with the decrease in TCR zeta chain, a reduction in the level of TCR/CD3 induced tyrosine phosphorylation of several cellular protein substrates, and a delay in the kinetics of peak tyrosine phosphorylation was observed in heat-treated T cells, interestingly, analysis of the TCR i chain content in the detergent-insoluble membrane fraction showed that heat treatment induces translocation of soluble TCR zeta chain to the cell membranes. In addition, the mRNA level of TCR zeta; chain was reduced in heat-treated T cells. Correlative with the downregulation of TCR zeta; chain mRNA, the level of the TCR zeta chain transcription factor Elf-1 was also reduced in heat-treated cells. We conclude that heat stress causes a decrease in the level of TCR zeta chain by increasing its association with the membranes and decreasing the transcription of the TCR zeta gene. Decreased expression of the TCR zeta chain is apparently responsible for the decreased TCR/CD3 responses of T cells, (C) 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Cellular Injury, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Tsokos, GC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Cellular Injury, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. FU PHS HHS [R01 A142269] NR 38 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PY 2000 VL 79 IS 3 BP 416 EP 426 DI 10.1002/1097-4644(20001201)79:3<416::AID-JCB70>3.0.CO;2-5 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 366YF UT WOS:000090033300007 PM 10972979 ER PT J AU Rowinsky, EK Humphrey, R Hammond, LA Aylesworth, C Smetzer, L Hidalgo, M Morrow, M Smith, L Garner, A Sorensen, JM Von Hoff, DD Eckhardt, SG AF Rowinsky, EK Humphrey, R Hammond, LA Aylesworth, C Smetzer, L Hidalgo, M Morrow, M Smith, L Garner, A Sorensen, JM Von Hoff, DD Eckhardt, SG TI Phase I and pharmacologic study of the specific matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor BAY 12-9566 on a protracted oral daily dosing schedule in patients with solid malignancies SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 34th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Clinical-Oncology CY MAY 14-19, 1998 CL LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Soc Clin Oncol ID TISSUE INHIBITOR; TUMOR INVASION; BREAST-CANCER; METASTASIS; PLASMA; GELATINASE; ANGIOGENESIS; ASSOCIATION; COLLAGENASE; EXPRESSION AB Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility of administering BAY 12-9566, a matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor with relative specificity against MMP-2, MMP-3, and MMP-9, on a protracted oral daily dosing schedule in patients with advanced solid malignancies. The study also sought to determine the principal toxicities of BAY 12-9566, whether plasma BAY 12-9566 steady state concentrations (C-ss) of biologic relevance could be sustained for prolonged periods, and whether BAY 12-9566 affected plasma concentrations of MMP-5, MMP-9, and tissue inhibitor of MMP-5 (TIMP-2). Patients and Methods: Patients with solid malignanciesere treated with BAY 12-9566 at daily oral doses ranging from 100 to 1,600 mg. BAY 12-9566 dose schedules included 100 mg once daily, 400 mg once daily, 400 mg twice daily, 400 mg three times daily, 400 mg four times daily, and 800 mg twice daily. Plasma was collected to study the range of BAY 12-9566 C-ss values achieved, and exploratory studies were performed to assess the effects of BAY 12-9566 on plasma concentrations of MMP-2, MMP-9, and TIMP-2. Results: Twenty-one patients were treated with 47 28-day courses of BAY 12-9566. The most common side effects were headache, nausea, vomiting, abnormalities in hepatic functions, and thrombocytopenia, which were rarely clinically significant. BAY 12-9566 was well tolerated on all dose schedules, and there was no consistent dose-limiting toxicity that precluded treatment in the range of dose schedules evaluated. Instead, dose escalation was terminated because BAY 12-9566 plasma C-ss values increased less than proportionately and plateaued as the daily dose was increased within the dose range of 100 to 1,600 mg/d, suggesting saturable drug absorption. Mean plasma C-ss values achieved with all dose schedules exceeded BAY 12-9566 concentrations required to inhibit MMPs in vitro and in vascular invasion and tumor proliferation in vivo models. There were no consistent effects of BAY 12-9566 on the plasma concentrations of MMP-2 and MMP-9 over the continuous dosing period at any dose schedule level. However, plasma levels of TIMP-2 seemed to increase in a dose-dependent manner (r(2) = .50, P = .046). Conclusions: The recommended dose of BAY 12-9566 for subsequent disease directed studies is 800 mg twice daily, which resulted in biologically relevant plasma C-ss values and an acceptable toxicity profile. Although exploratory studies of MMPs in plasma were not revealing, it is conceivable that some tumor types and disease settings are more likely to produce more readily quantifiable levels of activated MMPs than others. Therefore, attempts to identify and quantify surrogate markers of MMP inhibitory effects should continue to be performed in disease-directed studies in more homogenous patient populations. (C) 2000 by American Society of Clinical Oncology. C1 Canc Therapy & Res Ctr, Inst Drug Dev, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Bayer Corp, Div Pharmaceut, W Haven, CT USA. RP Rowinsky, EK (reprint author), Canc Therapy & Res Ctr, Inst Drug Dev, 8122 Datapoint Dr,Ste 700, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. NR 47 TC 67 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 2 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0732-183X J9 J CLIN ONCOL JI J. Clin. Oncol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 18 IS 1 BP 178 EP 186 PG 9 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 271EP UT WOS:000084581500024 PM 10623708 ER PT J AU Shah, AR Murthy, PLN Mital, SK Bhatt, RT AF Shah, AR Murthy, PLN Mital, SK Bhatt, RT TI Probabilistic modeling of ceramic matrix composite strength SO JOURNAL OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE probability theory; simulation; probability density functions; ceramic matrix composites; sensitivity AB Uncertainties associated with the primitive random variables such as manufacturing process (processing temperature, fiber volume ratio, void volume ratio), constituent properties (fiber, matrix and interface), and geometric parameters (ply thickness, interphase thickness) have been simulated to quantify the scatter in the first matrix cracking strength (FMCS) and the ultimate tensile strength of SCS-6/RBSN [SiC fiber (SCS-6) reinforced reaction-bonded silicon nitride composite] ceramic matrix composite laminate at room temperature. Cumulative probability distribution function for the FMCS and ultimate tensile strength at room temperature (RT) of [O](8), [O-2/90(2)](s), and [+/-45(2)](s) laminates have been simulated and the sensitivity of primitive variables to the respective strengths have been quantified. Computationally predicted scatter of the strengths for a uniaxial laminate has been compared with those from limited experimental data. Also the experimental procedure used in the tests has been described briefly. Results show a very good agreement between the computational simulation and the experimental data. Dominating failure modes in [0](8), [0/90](s) and [+/-45](s) laminates have been identified. Results indicate that the first matrix cracking strength for the [0](8) and [0/90](s) laminates is sensitive to the thermal properties, modulus and strengths of both the fiber and matrix whereas the ultimate tensile strength is sensitive to the fiber strength and the fiber volume ratio. In the case of a [+/-45](s) laminate, both the FMCS and the ultimate tensile strengths have a small scatter range and are sensitive to the fiber tensile strength as well as the fiber volume ratio. C1 Sest Inc, N Royalton, OH 44133 USA. NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. Univ Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. USA, Res Lab, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NASA, GRC, Life Predict Branch, Cleveland, OH USA. RP Sest Inc, 13111 Mariner Dr, N Royalton, OH 44133 USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0021-9983 EI 1530-793X J9 J COMPOS MATER JI J. Compos Mater. PY 2000 VL 34 IS 8 BP 670 EP 688 DI 10.1106/EQNE-PEQM-UQ7F-8XDM PG 19 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 307NX UT WOS:000086660400003 ER PT J AU Krueger, R Cvitkovich, MK O'Brien, TK Minguet, PJ AF Krueger, R Cvitkovich, MK O'Brien, TK Minguet, PJ TI Testing and analysis of composite skin/stringer debonding under multi-axial loading SO JOURNAL OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE composite materials; testing; finite element analysis; fracture mechanics; skin/flange interface; secondary bonding ID ENERGY RELEASE RATES; CRACK AB A consistent step-wise approach is presented to investigate the damage mechanism in composite bonded skin/stringer constructions under uniaxial and biaxial (in-plane/out-of-plane) loading conditions. The approach uses experiments to detect the failure mechanism, computational stress analysis to determine the location of first matrix cracking and computational fracture mechanics to investigate the potential for delamination growth. In a first step, tests were performed on specimens, which consisted of a tapered composite flange, representing a stringer or frame, bonded onto a composite skin. Tests were performed under monotonic loading conditions in tension, three-point bending, and combined tension/bending to evaluate the debonding mechanisms between the skin and the bonded stringer. For combined tension/bending testing, a unique servohydraulic load frame was used that was capable of applying both in-plane tension and out-of-plane bending loads simultaneously. Specimen edges were examined on the microscope to document the damage occurrence and to identify typical damage patterns. For all three load cases, observed failure initiated in the flange, near the flange tip, causing the flange to almost fully debond from skin. In a second step, a two dimensional plane-strain finite element model was developed to analyze the different test cases using a geometrically nonlinear solution. For all three loading conditions, computed principal stresses exceeded the transverse strength of the material in those areas of the flange where the matrix cracks had developed during the tests. In a third step, delaminations of various lengths were simulated in two locations where delaminations were observed during the tests. The analyses showed that at the loads corresponding to matrix ply crack initiation computed strain energy release rates exceeded the values obtained from a mixed mode failure criterion in one location. Hence, unstable delamination propagation is likely to occur as observed in the experiments. C1 USA, Res Lab, NASA, Langley Res Ctr,Vehicle Technol Directorate, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Natl Res Council Res Associate, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. Boeing Co, Philadelphia, PA 19142 USA. RP O'Brien, TK (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, NASA, Langley Res Ctr,Vehicle Technol Directorate, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. RI Krueger, Ronald/G-5356-2015 NR 18 TC 57 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 16 PU TECHNOMIC PUBL CO INC PI LANCASTER PA 851 NEW HOLLAND AVE, BOX 3535, LANCASTER, PA 17604 USA SN 0021-9983 J9 J COMPOS MATER JI J. Compos Mater. PY 2000 VL 34 IS 15 BP 1263 EP 1300 DI 10.1106/BDU1-KV0H-XYVT-9R5H PG 38 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 340CX UT WOS:000088516500002 ER PT J AU Dickinson, LC Farley, GL Hinders, MK AF Dickinson, LC Farley, GL Hinders, MK TI Failure initiation in translaminar reinforced composites SO JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES TECHNOLOGY & RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE composites; reinforced composites; delamination AB A translaminar-reinforced (TLR) composite is an otherwise two-dimensional laminate with through-thickness or Z-direction fibrous reinforcement across the lamina. Only small amounts (less than 5% volume) of TLR are necessary to substantially improve compression-after-impact response, increase fracture toughness, and severely restrict the size and growth of delamination. These improvements have been documented repeatedly in the literature, and it is generally accepted that TLR restricts the size and growth of delamination. In this paper we report a detailed investigation of whether TLR delays the initiation of delamination via finite-element analysis and a strength-of-material approach. The various parameters investigated include TLR material, diameter, spacing, volume fraction, and through-thickness angle. In addition, the unavoidable microstructural features of curved in-plane fibers and resin pockets were examined. Our conclusion is that TLR does not delay damage initiation, even though it has been shown experimentally to restrict damage progression. C1 3TEX Inc, Cary, NC 27511 USA. USA, Res Lab, Vehicle Struct Directorate, NASA LaRC, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. Coll William & Mary, Dept Appl Sci, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. RP Dickinson, LC (reprint author), 3TEX Inc, 109 Mackenan Dr, Cary, NC 27511 USA. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0884-6804 J9 J COMPOS TECH RES JI J. Compos. Technol. Res. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 22 IS 1 BP 23 EP 32 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Composites; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 281LQ UT WOS:000085162300003 ER PT J AU Dunston, PS Reed, AG AF Dunston, PS Reed, AG TI Benefits of small projects team initiative SO JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT-ASCE LA English DT Article AB Ordinarily, minimum design costs are associated with all construction projects regardless of their size or complexity Consequently, the design costs are a higher percentage of the overall costs for small projects. This paper presents an analysis of the effectiveness of the Small Projects Team initiative (SPTI) developed and implemented by the Seattle district of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. SPTI is intended to lower the design costs on construction projects where the design scope is simple and/or the administrative and construction processes are somewhat routine. The Small Projects team consists of representatives from contracting, construction, engineering, and project management. This team produces specifications for selected projects with simplified design, design by shop drawing, and innovative contracting arrangements. Data from 77 projects completed within the Seattle district are compared with the data from 146 pn-SPTI jobs. Statistically confirmed benefits include reduced design costs and reduced schedule growth (when user requested changes are excluded). Lower median change-order rates are not confirmed. but further analysis of the nature of changes is recommended. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Seattle, WA 98124 USA. RP Dunston, PS (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA SN 0733-9364 J9 J CONSTR ENG M ASCE JI J. Constr. Eng. Manage.-ASCE PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 126 IS 1 BP 22 EP 28 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9364(2000)126:1(22) PG 7 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 276EC UT WOS:000084861800004 ER PT J AU Chohayeb, AA Hondrum, SO AF Chohayeb, AA Hondrum, SO TI Microleakage comparison of different restorative materials SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Howard Univ, Washington, DC 20059 USA. USA, Dent Lab, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PY 2000 VL 79 SI SI MA 37 BP 148 EP 148 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 277MH UT WOS:000084937000036 ER PT J AU Chisick, MC Piotrowski, MJ AF Chisick, MC Piotrowski, MJ TI Does military service improve oral health? SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PY 2000 VL 79 SI SI MA 466 BP 202 EP 202 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 277MH UT WOS:000084937000468 ER PT J AU Conn, LJ Bader, JD Shugars, DA Kofford, KR Wineman, JA AF Conn, LJ Bader, JD Shugars, DA Kofford, KR Wineman, JA TI Preliminary data on tooth fracture in a military population. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. USA, Dent Activ, Ft Hood, TX USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PY 2000 VL 79 SI SI MA 483 BP 204 EP 204 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 277MH UT WOS:000084937000481 ER PT J AU Runyan, DA Thompson, GA AF Runyan, DA Thompson, GA TI Influence of thermocycling and water on failure load and actual flexure strength of In-Ceram bilaminate flexure beams. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Dent Res Detachment, Great Lakes, IL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PY 2000 VL 79 SI SI MA 1019 BP 271 EP 271 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 277MH UT WOS:000084937001016 ER PT J AU Harper, CS Zardeneta, G Okamoto, T Merrill, GA Schmitz, JP Milam, SB AF Harper, CS Zardeneta, G Okamoto, T Merrill, GA Schmitz, JP Milam, SB TI Free radical generated fibronectin fragments induce transcription of metalloproteinases 2 & 3 mRNA in rabbit synoviocytes implications in TMJ disease SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PY 2000 VL 79 SI SI MA 2701 BP 481 EP 481 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 277MH UT WOS:000084937002693 ER PT J AU Torres, BA Leung, KP AF Torres, BA Leung, KP TI Immune modulation by Prevotella intermedia. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Florida, Dept Microbiol & Cell Sci, Gainesville, FL USA. Univ Florida, Dept Oral Biol, Gainesville, FL USA. USA, Dent Res Detachment, Great Lakes, IL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PY 2000 VL 79 SI SI MA 2753 BP 488 EP 488 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 277MH UT WOS:000084937002747 ER PT J AU Concannon, SP Hou, P AF Concannon, SP Hou, P TI Synthesis evaluation, and toxicity of a cationic antimicrobial peptide SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Dent Res Detachment, Great Lakes, IL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PY 2000 VL 79 SI SI MA 3428 BP 572 EP 572 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 277MH UT WOS:000084937003422 ER PT J AU Liu, Y Gorla, CR Liang, S Emanetoglu, N Lu, Y Shen, H Wraback, M AF Liu, Y Gorla, CR Liang, S Emanetoglu, N Lu, Y Shen, H Wraback, M TI Ultraviolet detectors based on epitaxial ZnO films grown by MOCVD SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Biennial Workshop on Organometallic Vapor Phase Epitaxy CY MAY 23-27, 1999 CL PONTE VEDRA BEACH, FLORIDA DE zinc oxide (ZnO); thin films; metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD); ultraviolet (UV); photodetectors; doping; wide bandgap material ID ZINC-OXIDE FILMS; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; SPUTTERED ZNO; LAYERS; GAN; PHOTORESPONSE; SAPPHIRE AB High-quality zinc oxide (ZnO) films were epitaxially grown on R-plane sapphire substrates by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition at temperatures in the range of 350 degrees C to 600 degrees C. In-situ nitrogen compensation doping was performed using NH3. Microstructural and optical properties of the films, as well as the N-doping effects, were studied. The metal-semiconductor-metal ultraviolet sensitive photodetectors were fabricated on N-doped epitaxial ZnO films. The detector showed fast photoresponse, with a rise time of 1 mu s and a fall time of 1.5 mu s. Low-frequency photoresponsivity, on the order of 400 A/W at 5 V bias, was obtained. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, AMSRL SE EM, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Liu, Y (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 94 Brett Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. NR 32 TC 243 Z9 282 U1 12 U2 150 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 29 IS 1 BP 69 EP 74 DI 10.1007/s11664-000-0097-1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 278WN UT WOS:000085012100014 ER PT J AU Baker, WP Loushine, RJ West, LA Kudryk, LV Zadinsky, JR AF Baker, WP Loushine, RJ West, LA Kudryk, LV Zadinsky, JR TI Interpretation of artificial and in vivo periapical bone lesions comparing conventional viewing versus a video conferencing system SO JOURNAL OF ENDODONTICS LA English DT Article ID INTRAOSSEOUS LESIONS; TELERADIOLOGY; RADIOGRAPHY; RELIABILITY AB The purpose of this study was to compare the interpretation of conventional radiographs transmitted by a video teleconferencing system to conventional viewbox interpretation for both artificial and in vivo periapical bone lesions. A total of 30 radiographic images were used in this study: 20 radiographic images of artificial lesions and 10 radiographs from actual patients. Two endodontists evaluated the 30 images by giving a "yes" or "no" response when determining whether a periapical lesion was present on the radiograph. The study was conducted in two sessions, separated by a 6-wk interval to minimize evaluator recall. Results of the study revealed no statistical difference between the ability of the evaluator to identify periapical bone lesions using conventional radiographs on a viewbox and his ability to interpret the same images transmitted on a monitor screen. C1 USA, Dent Activ, Endodont Residency Program, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Ft Gordon, GA USA. RP West, LA (reprint author), USA, DENTAC, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0099-2399 J9 J ENDODONT JI J. Endod. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 26 IS 1 BP 39 EP 41 DI 10.1097/00004770-200001000-00010 PG 3 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 270PB UT WOS:000084543600010 PM 11194364 ER PT J AU Netolitzky, DJ Schmaltz, FL Parker, MD Rayner, GA Fisher, GR Trent, DW Bader, DE Nagata, LP AF Netolitzky, DJ Schmaltz, FL Parker, MD Rayner, GA Fisher, GR Trent, DW Bader, DE Nagata, LP TI Complete genomic RNA sequence of western equine encephalitis virus and expression of the structural genes SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENCEPHALOMYELITIS COMPLEX; SINDBIS VIRUS; ALPHAVIRUSES; EVOLUTION; TOGAVIRIDAE; TRANSCRIPTS; REGION AB The complete nucleotide sequence of the 71V-1658 strain of western equine encephalitis virus (WEE) was determined (minus 25 nucleotides from the 5' end). A 5' RACE reaction was used to sequence the 5' terminus from WEE strain CBA87, The deduced WEE genome was 11508 nucleotides in length, excluding the 5' cap nucleotide and 3' poly(A) tail. The nucleotide composition was 28% A, 25% C, 25% G and 22% U. Comparison with partial WEE sequences of strain 5614 (nsP2-nsP3 of the nonstructural region) and strain BFS1703 (26S structural region) revealed comparatively little variation; a total of 149 nucleotide differences in 8624 bases (1.7% divergence), of which only 28% (42 nucleotides) altered the encoded amino acids. Comparison of deduced nsP1 and nsP4 amino acid sequences from WEE with the corresponding proteins from eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEE) yielded identities of 84.9 and 83.8%, respectively, Previously uncharacterized stem-loop structures were identified in the nontranslated terminal regions. A cDNA clone of the 26S region encoding the structural polyprotein of WEE strain 71V-1658 was placed under the control of a cytomegalovirus promoter and transfected into tissue culture cells, The viral envelope proteins were functionally expressed in tissue culture, as determined by histochemical staining with monoclonal antibodies that recognize WEE antigens, thus, forming the initial step in the investigation of subunit vaccines to WEE. C1 Def Res Estab Suffield, Med Countermeasures Sect, Medicine Hat, AB T1A 8K6, Canada. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. Pasteur Merieux Connaught, Regulatory Div, Swiftwater, PA USA. RP Nagata, LP (reprint author), Def Res Estab Suffield, Med Countermeasures Sect, POB 4000,Stn Main, Medicine Hat, AB T1A 8K6, Canada. NR 25 TC 21 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG7 1AE SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 81 BP 151 EP 159 PN 1 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 272CG UT WOS:000084632500017 PM 10640553 ER PT J AU Moran, ML Greenfield, RJ Arcone, SA Delaney, AJ AF Moran, ML Greenfield, RJ Arcone, SA Delaney, AJ TI Delineation of a complexly dipping temperate glacier bed using short-pulse radar arrays SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GROUND-PENETRATING RADAR; RADIATION-PATTERNS; ICE-RADAR; ALASKA; USA; MIGRATION; RESOLUTION; SVALBARD; SURGE AB We have defined the complex bed topography for a section of a small temperate glacier using 50 MHz monostatic short-pulse radar data and a synthetic-aperture array-processing method. Thy data were collected on a 100 m by 340 m array grid in the upper stem of Gulkana Glacier, central Alaska, U.S.A. The array processing was based on a modified three-dimensional (3-D) Kirchhoff migration integral and implemented with a synthetic-aperture approach that uses sequences of overlapping sub-arrays to generate depth images in vertical planes. Typical sub-array beam patterns are generally <5 at the -6 dB level, giving a flashlight-like searching capability without distorting the wavelet shape. The bed topography was constructed using normal reflections picked from 3-D array depth images. In some instances reflections were imaged outside the data-coverage area. The bed surface dips steeply, both parallel and transverse to the direction of ice flow. The maximum observed depth is roughly 140 m. The 3-D method resolved bed dips up to 45 degrees. In regions of steepest dip, it improved depth accuracy by 36% compared with raw data, and by 15% compared with standard two-dimensional (2-D) migration. Over 12 dB of signal-to-noise improvement and improved spatial resolution was achieved compared to raw data and 2-D migration. False bottom layering seen in the raw data and in 2-D migrations is not observed in the 3-D array results. Furthermore, loss of bottom reflections is shown by the 3-D migration to be attributable to the dip and curvature of the reflector, and not scattering losses err signal clutter from englacial inclusions. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Corps Engineers, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Moran, ML (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Corps Engineers, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 43 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0022-1430 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 2000 VL 46 IS 153 BP 274 EP 286 DI 10.3189/172756500781832882 PG 13 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 369CH UT WOS:000090153900012 ER PT J AU Arcone, SA Yankielun, NE AF Arcone, SA Yankielun, NE TI 1.4 GHz radar penetration and evidence of drainage structures in temperate ice: Black Rapids Glacier, Alaska, USA SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SHORT-PULSE RADAR; FM-CW RADAR; HIGH-RESOLUTION; ANTARCTICA; SCATTERING; EVOLUTION; POTHOLES; STREAM; SNOW AB We have tested the ability of a 1.12-1.76 GHz bandwidth airborne Frequency Modulation-Continuous Wave (FM-CW) radar with an effective pulse duration of 3 ns to penetrate temperate ice of the ablation zone of Black Rapids Glacier, central Alaska, U.S.A. We used high-gain horn antennas to suppress clutter, and tested over cold and nearly ideal surface conditions. Englacial horizons dipping to at least 60 m depth were found along three sections of one axial profile. More narrow-band (1.21-1.29 GHz), low-resolution (24 ns pulse duration) profiles from a fourth section detected events at about 100-150 m depth. Comparative profiles recorded with a 100 MHz short-pulse-type radar reproduce the horizons of two of the sections, and verify the penetration in all cases. All horizons are composed of diffractions. We interpret voids from the phase of the 100 MHz diffractions within one of the horizons. The diffraction nature of the horizons, the void interpretation and the proximity to a nearby and up-glacier pothole field lead us to conclude that the horizons within two of the sections are meandering drainage channels. A more complex, branching structure with near-surface horizons profiled within the third section much farther down-glacier may also be a complex drainage system fed by near-surface melting. The FM-CW signal-to-clutter-noise ratios of some of the targets predict that they could be detected at 200 m depth in the 1-2 GHz range. Significant performance improvements at maximum vertical resolution could be achieved with higher-gain antennas. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Arcone, SA (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 47 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 1 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0022-1430 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 2000 VL 46 IS 154 BP 477 EP 490 DI 10.3189/172756500781833133 PG 14 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 384CC UT WOS:000165920700014 ER PT J AU Vaughn, DW Green, S Kalayanarooj, S Innis, BL Nimmannitya, S Suntayakorn, S Endy, TP Raengsakulrach, B Rothman, AL Ennis, FA Nisalak, A AF Vaughn, DW Green, S Kalayanarooj, S Innis, BL Nimmannitya, S Suntayakorn, S Endy, TP Raengsakulrach, B Rothman, AL Ennis, FA Nisalak, A TI Dengue viremia titer, antibody response pattern, and virus serotype correlate with disease severity SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 45th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY DEC 01-05, 1996 CL BALTIMORE, MARYLAND SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg ID HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; INTERFERON-GAMMA; PATHOGENESIS; INFECTIONS; ENHANCEMENT; CHILDREN; THAILAND AB Viremia titers in serial plasma samples from 168 children with acute dengue virus infection who were enrolled in a prospective study at 2 hospitals in Thailand were examined to determine the role of virus load in the pathogenesis of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), The infecting virus serotype was identified for 165 patients (DEN-1, 46 patients; DEN-2, 47 patients; DEN-3, 47 patients, DEN-4, 25 patients), Patients with DEN-2 infections experienced more severe disease than those infected with other serotypes, Eighty-one percent of patients experienced a secondary dengue virus infection that was associated with more severe disease. Viremia titers were determined for 41 DEN-1 and 46 DEN-2 patients. Higher peak titers were associated with increased disease severity for the 31 patients with a peak titer identified (mean titer of 10(7.6) for those with dengue fever vs. 10(8.5) for patients with DHF, P = .01), Increased dengue disease severity correlated with high viremia titer, secondary dengue virus infection, and DEN-2 virus type. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Virus Dis, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Virol, Bangkok, Thailand. Queen Sirikit Natl Inst Child Hlth, Bangkok, Thailand. Kamphaeng Phet Prov Hosp, Kamphaeng Phet, Thailand. Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Ctr Infect Dis & Vaccine Res, Worcester, MA USA. RP Vaughn, DW (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Virus Dis, 503 Robert Grant Rd, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-34533] NR 42 TC 819 Z9 866 U1 8 U2 59 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 181 IS 1 BP 2 EP 9 DI 10.1086/315215 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 282QJ UT WOS:000085229300002 PM 10608744 ER PT J AU Bray, M Martinez, M Smee, DF Kefauver, D Thompson, E Huggins, JW AF Bray, M Martinez, M Smee, DF Kefauver, D Thompson, E Huggins, JW TI Cidofovir protects mice against lethal aerosol or intranasal cowpox virus challenge SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITIES; HPMPC CIDOFOVIR; (S)-1-(3-HYDROXY-2-PHOSPHONYLMETHOXYPROPYL)CYTOSINE; PRODRUG; METABOLISM; INFECTIONS; EFFICACY; AGENT; (S)-1-<3-HYDROXY-2-(PHOSPHONYLMETHOXY)PROPYL>CYTOSINE; 9-(2-PHOSPHONYLMETHOXYETHYL)ADENINE AB The efficacy of cidofovir for treatment of cowpox virus infection in BALB/c mice was investigated in an effort to evaluate new therapies for virulent orthopoxvirus infections of the respiratory tract in a small animal model. Exposure to 2-5 x 10(6) pfu of cowpox virus by aerosol or intranasally (inl) was lethal in 3- to 7-week-old animals, One inoculation of 100 mg/kg cidofovir on day 0, 2, or 4, with respect to aerosol infection, resulted in 90%-100% survival. Treatment on day 0 reduced peak pulmonary virus titers 10- to 100-fold, reduced the severity of viral pneumonitis, and prevented pulmonary hemorrhage. The same dose on day -6 to 2 protected 80%-100% of inl infected mice, whereas 1 inoculation on day -16 to -8 or day 3 to 6 was partially protective. Cidofovir delayed but did not prevent the death of inl infected mice with severe combined immunodeficiency, Treatment at the time of tail scarification with vaccinia virus did not block vaccination efficacy. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Pathol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Utah State Univ, Inst Antiviral Res, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Bray, M (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, 1425 Porter St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 41 TC 142 Z9 148 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 181 IS 1 BP 10 EP 19 DI 10.1086/315190 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 282QJ UT WOS:000085229300003 PM 10608745 ER PT J AU Handel, LN Lisle, T Mackenzie, S Ziada, A Crawford, ED AF Handel, LN Lisle, T Mackenzie, S Ziada, A Crawford, ED TI Androgen deprivation therapy using finasteride and low dose flutamide to treat PSA failure following therapy for clinically localized adenocarcinoma of the prostate. SO JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Urol, Denver, CO USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1081-5589 J9 J INVEST MED JI J. Invest. Med. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 48 IS 1 SU S MA 428 BP 78A EP 78A PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC General & Internal Medicine; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 302CD UT WOS:000086346600432 ER PT J AU Nath, J Potenza, M Wiggs, R AF Nath, J Potenza, M Wiggs, R TI Regulation of apopain/caspase-3 in inflammatory human neutrophils SO JOURNAL OF LEUKOCYTE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Resp Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0741-5400 J9 J LEUKOCYTE BIOL JI J. Leukoc. Biol. PY 2000 SU S MA 90 BP 25 EP 25 PG 1 WC Cell Biology; Hematology; Immunology SC Cell Biology; Hematology; Immunology GA 353CY UT WOS:000089257200093 ER PT J AU Szebeni, J Baranyi, L Savay, S Lutz, HU Jelezarova, E Bunger, R Alving, CR AF Szebeni, J Baranyi, L Savay, S Lutz, HU Jelezarova, E Bunger, R Alving, CR TI The role of complement activation in hypersensitivity to pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (DOXIL (R)) SO JOURNAL OF LIPOSOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Liposome Advances CY DEC 13-17, 1999 CL UNIV LONDON, SCH PHARM, LONDON, ENGLAND HO UNIV LONDON, SCH PHARM DE liposome; complement; hypersensitivity reactions; anaphylatoxins; hemodynamics ID ENCAPSULATED HEMOGLOBIN; BIOLOGICAL RESPONSES; IN-VITRO; HEMODIALYSIS; BIOCOMPATIBILITY; RECEPTOR-TYPE-1; ANAPHYLATOXINS; INHIBITION; ANTIBODIES; MECHANISM AB Liposomal formulations of some drugs, most importantly pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (Doxil(R)), have been reported to cause immediate hypersensitivity reactions that cannot be explained with the conventional paradigm of IgE-mediated (type I) allergy. Here we present a rationale and experimental evidence for the concept that these reactions represent a novel type of drug-induced hypersensitivity that can be called complement (C) activation-related pseudoallergy (CARPA). The theoretical foundation includes the facts that 1) some liposomes have been known to activate C, 2) most of the clinical symptoms of liposome-induced reactions coincide with those caused by C activation by other activators; and 3) the C mechanism explains those manifestations which are atypical for type 1 reactions. The experimental evidence includes the observations that 1) Doxil caused massive C activation in a high ratio (4/10) of normal human sera, 2) high dose IgG attenuated Doxil-induced C activation in serum and prevented further C activation by amplification, and 3) intravenous injection of therapeutically relevant doses of Doxil in pigs caused significant pulmonary hypertension with consequent systemic hypotension and decline of cardiac output, which changes mimicked the cardiovascular manifestations of the human reaction and were shown to be triggered by C activation. As for the question how Doxil, a long-circulating "stealth" liposome formulation, avoids phagocytic uptake by macrophages despite its potential opsonization by C3b, we demonstrated efficient inactivation of Doxil-bound and free C3b to iC3b in human serum. Thus, it is unlikely that PEG would interfere with CD11b/CD18-mediated phagocytosis by inhibiting the formation of its main ligand, iC3b. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Membrane Biochem, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. ETH Zentrum, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Biochem, Zurich, Switzerland. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Physiol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Szebeni, J (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Membrane Biochem, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 33 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 9 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0898-2104 J9 J LIPOSOME RES JI J. Liposome Res. PY 2000 VL 10 IS 4 BP 467 EP 481 DI 10.3109/08982100009031112 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 389VT UT WOS:000166259900013 ER PT J AU McClain, DJ Summers, PL Harrison, SA Schmaljohn, AL Schmaljohn, CS AF McClain, DJ Summers, PL Harrison, SA Schmaljohn, AL Schmaljohn, CS TI Clinical evaluation of a vaccinia-vectored Hantaan virus vaccine SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Hantaan virus; hantavirus; vaccinia-vectored; vaccine ID HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; RENAL SYNDROME AB We evaluated a vaccinia-vectored vaccine for hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in clinical trials. A Phase I dose-escalation study in 16 volunteers divided into four groups demonstrated that subcutaneous inoculation of approximately 10(7) plaque-forming units of the recombinant virus was safe and immunogenic. Vaccination of a fifth group of 12 volunteers indicated that neutralizing antibody titers to both vaccinia virus and Hantaan virus were enhanced after a second inoculation. Comparing two routes of vaccination showed that scarification effectively induced neutralizing antibodies in vaccinia virus-naive volunteers but that subcutaneous inoculation was superior to scarification in vaccinia virus-immune individuals. A Phase II, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted among 142 volunteers. Two subcutaneous vaccinations were administered at 4-week intervals. Neutralizing antibodies to Hantaan virus or to vaccinia virus were detected in 72% or 98% of vaccinia virus-naive volunteers, respectively. In contrast, only 26% of the vaccinia virus-immune volunteers developed neutralizing antibody responses to Hantaan virus. J. Med. Virol. 60:77-85, 2000. Published 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.dagger. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Schmaljohn, CS (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. NR 9 TC 46 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0146-6615 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 60 IS 1 BP 77 EP 85 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9071(200001)60:1<77::AID-JMV13>3.0.CO;2-S PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 262HV UT WOS:000084062000013 PM 10568767 ER PT J AU Doughty, RA AF Doughty, RA TI The Great chemical war, 1914-1918 SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Doughty, RA (reprint author), US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 64 IS 1 BP 223 EP 224 DI 10.2307/120825 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 266EW UT WOS:000084288500041 ER PT J AU Prahinski, JR Polly, DW McHale, KA Ellenbogen, RG AF Prahinski, JR Polly, DW McHale, KA Ellenbogen, RG TI Occult intraspinal anomalies in congenital scoliosis SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC ORTHOPAEDICS LA English DT Article DE congenital scoliosis; diastematomyelia; intraspinal anomaly; syringomyelia; tethered cord AB Thirty consecutive patients with congenital spinal deformity underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to determine the incidence of occult intraspinal anomaly. These congenital spinal deformities included 29 cases of congenital scoliosis and one case of congenital kyphosis. Physical examination findings and plain radiographs were reviewed in an attempt to correlate these findings with subsequent intraspinal pathology. Nine patients had intraspinal anomalies identified on MRI consisting of five with tethered cord, four with syringomyelia, three with lipoma, and one with diastematomyelia. One patient required surgery for diastematomyelia; another underwent release of his tethered cord. Only one patient, with diastematomyelia associated with a syrinx and bifocal tethering, had his anomaly suggested by physical examination and plain radiographs. Two other patients had findings on plain radiographs previously associated with high prevalence of occult intraspinal anomalies; one patient with congenital kyphosis had a tethered cord, and one patient with a unilateral hemivertebrae associated with a contralateral bar had a tethered cord. Two of nine patients with occult intraspinal anomalies required surgery for their anomaly. In patients with a congenital spinal deformity, we found nine (30%) of 30 to have an associated anomaly within the spinal canal. Only three of these nine had plain radiographs and physical examination findings suggestive of their subsequent MRI findings. Given the poor correlation between findings on physical examination, plain radiographs, and subsequent occult intraspinal anomalies on MRI, we believe that MRI is helpful in evaluating patients with congenital spinal anomalies. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Orthopaed Surg Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Polly, DW (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Orthopaed Surg Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 11 TC 57 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0271-6798 J9 J PEDIATR ORTHOPED JI J. Pediatr. Orthop. PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 20 IS 1 BP 59 EP 63 DI 10.1097/00004694-200001000-00013 PG 5 WC Orthopedics; Pediatrics SC Orthopedics; Pediatrics GA 269GV UT WOS:000084469100013 PM 10641690 ER PT J AU Polly, DW Klemme, WR Fontana, JL Sterbis, MD AF Polly, DW Klemme, WR Fontana, JL Sterbis, MD TI A modified wake-up test for use in very young children undergoing spinal surgery SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC ORTHOPAEDICS LA English DT Article DE children; spinal surgery; wake-up test AB In a consecutive series of five very young children undergoing hemivertebrectomy and fusion, a modified intraoperative wake-up test was used to confirm neurologic integrity. Standard leads attached to a nerve stimulator and positioned over the plantar aspect of each foot were used to apply tetanic electrical stimulation at the time of intraoperative wake-up. Four children responded vigorously with flexion and extension of the knees and ankles after only minimal delay. One neurologically intact child did not respond because of technical issues. This report describes our favorable preliminary experience with this technique. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Orthopaed Surg Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Klemme, WR (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Orthopaed Surg Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 5 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0271-6798 J9 J PEDIATR ORTHOPED JI J. Pediatr. Orthop. PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 20 IS 1 BP 64 EP 65 DI 10.1097/00004694-200001000-00014 PG 2 WC Orthopedics; Pediatrics SC Orthopedics; Pediatrics GA 269GV UT WOS:000084469100014 PM 10641691 ER PT J AU Evans, MD AF Evans, MD TI The engineering thought process SO JOURNAL OF PROFESSIONAL ISSUES IN ENGINEERING EDUCATION AND PRACTICE LA English DT Letter C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Civil Engn, W Point, NY 10966 USA. RP Evans, MD (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Civil Engn, W Point, NY 10966 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA SN 1052-3928 J9 J PROF ISS ENG ED PR JI J. Prof. Issues Eng. Educ. Pract. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 126 IS 1 BP 1 EP 1 PG 1 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA 265DP UT WOS:000084226300001 ER PT J AU Bowman, BA Farr, JV AF Bowman, BA Farr, JV TI Embedding leadership in civil engineering education SO JOURNAL OF PROFESSIONAL ISSUES IN ENGINEERING EDUCATION AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article ID STUDENTS AB Leadership is a key element in meeting the needs of the civil engineering profession in an era of heightened global competition. Consulting and construction executives intent on maintaining a competitive edge are calling upon educators to produce civil engineers capable of leading multidisciplinary teams, combining technical ingenuity with business acumen, and effectively communicating narrow engineering endeavors within a comprehensive social framework. Our industry is challenging undergraduate schools to broaden curricula beyond the intellectual endeavors of design and scientific inquiry to the greater domain of professional leadership. Many agree that formal leader development must be incorporated into engineering education programs to respond to the professional demands of practicing engineers; however, the means of achieving the objectives within tightly constrained curricula are debated. This paper explores the changing nature of civil engineering in a globally competitive environment, reviews the issues in realigning civil engineering education, identifies key leadership skills relevant to engineering, and proposes solutions for developing leaders at our undergraduate institutions. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Syst Engn, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Bowman, BA (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Syst Engn, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 21 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 7 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA SN 1052-3928 J9 J PROF ISS ENG ED PR JI J. Prof. Issues Eng. Educ. Pract. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 126 IS 1 BP 16 EP 20 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)1052-3928(2000)126:1(16) PG 5 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA 265DP UT WOS:000084226300004 ER PT J AU Bowman, BA Sullivan, JF AF Bowman, BA Sullivan, JF TI Educating engineers: Information vulnerabilities and security SO JOURNAL OF PROFESSIONAL ISSUES IN ENGINEERING EDUCATION AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article AB Civil engineers are increasingly adopting computer and communications systems to conduct business. Engineering relies on computer-aided design, simulation, project management software, electronic funds transfers, automated control processes, satellite communications, geographic information systems, electronic mail, and digital records. The transformation of engineering by information technology holds out much promise in revolutionizing the way engineers do business. However, the technological progress also introduces vulnerabilities that threaten engineering enterprises. Aside from the touted Y2K threats, competitors, criminals, and disgruntled employees threaten our computerized information systems. This paper examines the role of civil engineers in this contemporary information age by identifying trends in the use of computer and communications systems, examining vulnerabilities of these systems, and providing insights for protection. To be truly effective, information defense must begin at the root level-in each engineering organization. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Syst Engn, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Bowman, BA (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Syst Engn, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA SN 1052-3928 J9 J PROF ISS ENG ED PR JI J. Prof. Issues Eng. Educ. Pract. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 126 IS 1 BP 35 EP 40 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)1052-3928(2000)126:1(35) PG 6 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA 265DP UT WOS:000084226300008 ER PT J AU Ziegler, AD Warren, SD Perry, JL Giambelluca, TW AF Ziegler, AD Warren, SD Perry, JL Giambelluca, TW TI Reassessment of revegetation strategies for Kaho'olawe Island, Hawai'i SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE island restoration; long-term monitoring; ecology ID IMPACT; COVER AB This work investigates 2 US Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory revegetation experiment sites (Phase I and II) on Kaho'olawe Island, Hawai'i (USA) to determine the longterm success of several revegetation strategies and to identify species that are best suited for future restoration activities in the highly eroded central plateau region of the island. Only the Phase I treatments receiving the highest rates of phosphorus and nitrogen fertilizer and the Phase II strategy (moderately high fertilizion, and landscaping) produced enough cover to begin providing protection from erosion processes. Buffelgrass (Cenchrus ciliaris L,), glycine (Neonotonia wightii (Wight & Arnott) Verdc.), Natal redtop (Rhynchelytrum repens (Willd,) Hubb,), and siratro (Macroptilium atropurpureum (DC) Urb,) appear to be resilient to the harsh island conditions, which include strong winds, low annual rainfall, acute erosion, and a nutrient-depleted soil profile. Although all 4 species offer some protection against erosional processes, none are particularly desirable for long-term restoration of the island. Glycine and siratro, both of which volunteer readily in planting sites, are considered invasive in that they may smother other more desirable species, particularly less competitive natives. Finally, native woody species are shown to have difficulty in surviving on the island without special attention to planting and maintenance. C1 Univ Hawaii, Dept Geog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. USA, Land Management Lab, Construct Engn Res Labs, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. State Hawaii, Div Forestry & Wildlife, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Ziegler, AD (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Dept Geog, 2424 Maile Way,445 Porteus Hall, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. OI Giambelluca, Thomas/0000-0002-6798-3780 NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 53 IS 1 BP 106 EP 113 DI 10.2307/4003400 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 337MR UT WOS:000088365800016 ER PT J AU Tzeng, JT AF Tzeng, JT TI Dynamic fracture of composite overwrap cylinders SO JOURNAL OF REINFORCED PLASTICS AND COMPOSITES LA English DT Article AB The fracture behavior due to dynamic response in a composite cylinder subjected to a moving pressure has been investigated. The resonance of stress waves can result in very high amplitude and frequency strains in the cylinder at the instant and location of pressure front passage, when the velocity of the moving pressure approaches a critical velocity. The stress wave with high magnitude, while short in duration, might not cause structural failure immediately. However, it could accelerate the propagation in the cylinder with initial imperfection and shorten fatigue life of the cylinders. The fracture mechanism induced by dynamic amplification effects is especially critical for overwrapped composite cylinders because of the multi-material and anisotropic construction, thermal degradation in material properties, and a design goal inherent in lightweight structural applications. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, AMSRL,WM,MB, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Tzeng, JT (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, AMSRL,WM,MB, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU TECHNOMIC PUBL CO INC PI LANCASTER PA 851 NEW HOLLAND AVE, BOX 3535, LANCASTER, PA 17604 USA SN 0731-6844 J9 J REINF PLAST COMP JI J. Reinf. Plast. Compos. PY 2000 VL 19 IS 1 BP 2 EP 14 DI 10.1106/PKDF-XM87-URRN-CY0X PG 13 WC Materials Science, Composites; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 278QY UT WOS:000085001500001 ER PT J AU Ahmad, J Santhosh, U AF Ahmad, J Santhosh, U TI A life prediction model for metal matrix composites SO JOURNAL OF REINFORCED PLASTICS AND COMPOSITES LA English DT Article AB Global deformation response of metal matrix composites (MMCs) to applied mechanical and thermally induced stresses depends upon (1) the mechanical and thermal properties of the constituent materials, (2) residual stresses in the constituents induced by the composite consolidation process, and (3) the nature and extent of micromechanical damage which may occur and accumulate over time. In the present work, a mechanistic model for predicting time dependent global deformation response of unidirectional metal matrix composite subjected to fiber direction stresses is used in conjunction with several viscoplastic models for the matrix, viz. power law, Bodner-Partom and GVIPS, and compared with laboratory test data. The model incorporates the effect of the micromechanical residual stresses in the fibers and the matrix induced by the composite fabrication process. The model also incorporates the effect of discrete existing and/or progressively occurring fiber damage on global MMC deformation response. The criterion for fiber fractures is based on statistical information on fiber strength. In this work strain predictions obtained using this model are compared with thermomechanical fatigue test data. C1 Res Applicat Inc, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. USA, Troop & Aviat Command, Aviat Appl Technol Directorate, Ft Eustis, VA 23604 USA. RP Ahmad, J (reprint author), Res Applicat Inc, 11772 Sorrento Valley Rd,Suite 145, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TECHNOMIC PUBL CO INC PI LANCASTER PA 851 NEW HOLLAND AVE, BOX 3535, LANCASTER, PA 17604 USA SN 0731-6844 J9 J REINF PLAST COMP JI J. Reinf. Plast. Compos. PY 2000 VL 19 IS 4 BP 340 EP 351 DI 10.1106/X1TK-T12Y-PTFD-QRNP PG 12 WC Materials Science, Composites; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 288JM UT WOS:000085559700006 ER PT J AU Nottingham, QJ Birch, JB Bodt, BA AF Nottingham, QJ Birch, JB Bodt, BA TI Local logistic regression: An application to Army penetration data SO JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL COMPUTATION AND SIMULATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Modeling of Processes in Science and Industry CY AUG 12-14, 1999 CL UNIV BLACKSBURG, BLACKSBURG, VIRGINIA SP Virginia Polytechnic Inst & State Univ HO UNIV BLACKSBURG DE logistic regression; local smoothing; nonparametric; non-monotonic AB There have been a number of procedures used to analyze non-monotonic binary data to predict the probability of response. Some classical procedures are the Up and Down strategy, the Robbins-Monro procedure, and other sequential optimization designs. Recently, nonparametric procedures such as kernel regression and local linear regression (llogr) have been applied to this type of data. It is a well known fact that kernel regression has problems fitting the data near the boundaries and a drawback with local linear regression is that it may be "too linear" when fitting data from a curvilinear function. The procedure introduced in this paper is called local logistic regression, which fits a logistic regression function at each of the data points. An example is given using United States Army projectile data that supports the use of local logistic regression when analyzing non-monotonic binary data for certain response curves. Properties of local logistic regression will be presented along with simulation results that indicate some of the strengths of the procedure. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Stat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Management Sci & Informat Technol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. USA, Res Lab, Informat Sci & Technol Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Birch, JB (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Stat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0094-9655 J9 J STAT COMPUT SIM JI J. Stat. Comput. Simul. PY 2000 VL 66 IS 1 BP 35 EP 50 DI 10.1080/00949650008812010 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 340NV UT WOS:000088541600005 ER PT J AU Coelho, JD AF Coelho, JD TI Student perceptions of physical education in a mandatory college program SO JOURNAL OF TEACHING IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION LA English DT Article ID ELEMENTARY; VOICES; EXPERIENCES; ATTITUDES; TEACHERS; EYES AB Written critical incidents were collected from students (n = 236) to investigate their perceptions of physical education at the United States Military Academy. Fourteen students were interviewed to provide perceptions beyond the confines of a specific incident. The data were classified into three themes: (a) teacher and teacher behaviors; (b) curriculum, program features, and subject matter; and (c) social interaction and behaviors of students. Within the first theme, encouragement, additional instruction, and demonstrations were the most frequently perceived positive influences. Inappropriate grading, public embarrassment and adversarial relationships between teachers and students were the most frequently perceived negative influences. The positive influences within the curriculum theme were overcoming fear, relevance, and challenge. The negative influences were unfair grading standards, irrelevant content, and injury. Support and encouragement, acceptance, and effective leadership were the top ranked positive perceptions within the third theme. Poor leadership and lack of sportsmanship were associated with negative perceptions. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Educ Phys, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Coelho, JD (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Educ Phys, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 55 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU HUMAN KINETICS PUBL INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1607 N MARKET ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820-2200 USA SN 0273-5024 J9 J TEACH PHYS EDUC JI J. Teach. Phys. Educ. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 19 IS 2 BP 222 EP 245 PG 24 WC Education & Educational Research; Sport Sciences SC Education & Educational Research; Sport Sciences GA 274MC UT WOS:000084768800006 ER PT J AU Boyd, SYN Bulgrin, JR Woods, R Morris, T Rubal, BJ Bauch, TD AF Boyd, SYN Bulgrin, JR Woods, R Morris, T Rubal, BJ Bauch, TD TI Remote echocardiography via INMARSAT satellite telephone SO JOURNAL OF TELEMEDICINE AND TELECARE LA English DT Letter C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Serv Cardiol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. TATRC, Ft Detrick, MD USA. RP Boyd, SYN (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Serv Cardiol, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr,Bldg 3600, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC MEDICINE PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 WIMPOLE STREET, LONDON W1M 8AE, ENGLAND SN 1357-633X J9 J TELEMED TELECARE JI J. Telemed. Telecare PY 2000 VL 6 IS 5 BP 305 EP 307 DI 10.1258/1357633001935860 PG 3 WC Health Care Sciences & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 360PG UT WOS:000089676000012 PM 11070595 ER PT J AU Stashower, ME Krivda, SJ Turiansky, GG AF Stashower, ME Krivda, SJ Turiansky, GG TI Fox-Fordyce disease: Diagnosis with transverse histologic sections SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ALOPECIA AB Fox-Fordyce disease (FFD) is an uncommon chronic follicular based dermatosis with distinctive clinical characteristics consisting of pruritic papules confined to apocrine gland-bearing skin. Histologic confirmation of this entity is often time-consuming and difficult with conventional histologic sectioning; We describe a case of FFD occurring in a 26-year-old woman, in which we used transverse histologic sectioning to easily demonstrate the histopathologic features of this condition. With conventional sectioning of a punch biopsy specimen of an affected area, more than 23 serial sections were required to locate a follicle with pathognomonic features of the disease. In contrast, only one transverse section of a biopsy specimen was required to confirm the diagnosis. We propose that transverse histologic sectioning of biopsy specimens of patients suspected of having FFD more effectively demonstrates the diagnostic features. C1 Natl Naval Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Dermatol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Stashower, ME (reprint author), Natl Naval Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 7 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0190-9622 J9 J AM ACAD DERMATOL JI J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 42 IS 1 BP 89 EP 91 DI 10.1016/S0190-9622(00)90015-X PN 1 PG 3 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 272VQ UT WOS:000084672000012 PM 10607326 ER PT J AU Everett, RA Elber, W AF Everett, RA Elber, W TI Damage tolerance issues as related to metallic rotorcraft dynamic components SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HELICOPTER SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AHS International 54th Annual Forum CY MAY 20-22, 1998 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. AB Tn this paper issues related to the use of damage tolerance in life managing rotorcraft dynamic components are reviewed. In the past, rotorcraft fatigue design has combined constant amplitude tests of full-scale parts with flight loads and usage data in a conservative manner to provide "safe-life" component replacement times, In contrast to the safe-life approach over the past twenty Sears the United States Air Force and several other NATO nations have used damage-tolerance design philosophies for fixed wing aircraft to improve safety and reliability, The reliability of the safe-life approach being used in rotorcraft started to be questioned shortly after presentations at an American Helicopter Society's specialist meeting in 1980 showed predicted fatigue lives for a hypothetical pitch-link problem to vary from a low of 9 hours to a high in excess of 2594 hours. This presented serious cost, weight, and reliability implications, Somewhat after the U.S. Army introduced its six nines reliability on fatigue life, attention shifted towards using a possible damage-tolerance approach to the life management of rotorcraft dynamic components, The use of damage tolerance in life management of dynamic rotorcraft parts will be the subject of this paper, This review will start with past studies on using damage-tolerance life management with existing helicopter parts that were safe-life designed. Also covered will be a successful attempt at certifying a tail rotor pitch rod using damage tolerance, which was designed using the safe-life approach. The FAA review of rotorcraft fatigue design and their recommendations along with some on-going U.S. industry research in damage tolerance on rotorcraft will be reviewed, Finally, possible problems and future needs for research will be highlighted. C1 USA, Res Lab, Hampton, VA USA. RP Everett, RA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Hampton, VA USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER HELICOPTER SOC INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 217 N WASHINGTON ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0002-8711 J9 J AM HELICOPTER SOC JI J. Am. Helicopter Soc. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 45 IS 1 BP 3 EP 10 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 278MY UT WOS:000084994600001 ER PT J AU Zion, HL Johnson, WS Ball, DL Everett, RA AF Zion, HL Johnson, WS Ball, DL Everett, RA TI Quantifying spectrum loading effects on fatigue crack growth in 7075-T73 aluminum SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HELICOPTER SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Annual Joint NASA/FAA/DoD Conference on Aging Aircraft CY AUG 31-SEP 03, 1998 CL WILLIAMSBURG, VIRGINIA SP NASA, FAA, DoD AB The combined effects of four variables on calculated spectrum fatigue crack growth (FCG) in 7075-T73 aluminum were compared using an experimental design approach (NASGRO 3.0 adaptation). The four parameters considered were: (1) load interaction, (2) load sequence (rainflow counted low-to-high, rainflow counted and randomized, and rainflow counted high-to-low), (3) crack tip stress state (plane stress versus plane strain) and (4) spectrum type (FELIX-28 helicopter rotor blade spectrum versus F-16 wing-root-bending moment spectrum), Each of the three load-interaction models available in NASGRO 3.0 was used to compute load-interaction effects. The investigation concluded that the order of cycles and crack tip constraint play relatively minor roles in computed FCG for problems involving repeated application of either of the given spectra, while the effects of the spectrum type itself, inclusion of load-interaction effects and the synergy of spectrum with load interaction are highly significant. C1 Georgia Tech Res Inst, Smyrna, GA 30080 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Lockheed Martin Tactical Aircraft Syst, Ft Worth, TX 76101 USA. USA, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Zion, HL (reprint author), Georgia Tech Res Inst, Smyrna, GA 30080 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER HELICOPTER SOC INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 217 N WASHINGTON ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0002-8711 J9 J AM HELICOPTER SOC JI J. Am. Helicopter Soc. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 45 IS 1 BP 11 EP 18 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 278MY UT WOS:000084994600002 ER PT J AU Sailors, RM Duke, JH Wall, JA Flournoy, LD Salinas, J Tindall, RD Tonnesen, AS Mogel, GT AF Sailors, RM Duke, JH Wall, JA Flournoy, LD Salinas, J Tindall, RD Tonnesen, AS Mogel, GT TI DREAMS (TM) (Disaster Relief and Emergency Medical Services) and digital EMS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL INFORMATICS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Houston, TX USA. Texas A&M Univ Syst, College Stn, TX USA. USA, Med Res & Mat Command, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HANLEY & BELFUS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 210 S 13TH ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19107 USA SN 1067-5027 J9 J AM MED INFORM ASSN JI J. Am. Med. Inf. Assoc. PY 2000 SU S BP 1127 EP 1127 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Information Science & Library Science; Medical Informatics SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science; Medical Informatics GA 458RC UT WOS:000170207500378 ER PT J AU Wagner, GW Bartram, PW Brickhouse, MD Connell, TR Creasy, WR Henderson, VD Hovanec, JW Morrissey, KM Stuff, JR Williams, BR AF Wagner, GW Bartram, PW Brickhouse, MD Connell, TR Creasy, WR Henderson, VD Hovanec, JW Morrissey, KM Stuff, JR Williams, BR TI Reaction of VX and GD with gaseous ozone SO JOURNAL OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY-PERKIN TRANSACTIONS 2 LA English DT Article ID AGENTS AB Attempts at decontaminating nerve agents VX {O-ethyl S-[2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl] methylphosphonothioate} and GD (pinacolyl methylphosphonofluoridate) with gaseous ozone are described. VX reacts like a tertiary amine with oxidation occurring at carbons adjacent to the nitrogen. In this manner a variety of novel VX derivatives still possessing intact P-S bonds are generated, and as such, must be considered to retain formidable toxicity. The major product is O-ethyl S-[2-(isopropylamino)ethyl] methylphosphonothioate. No reaction of GD with ozone occurs under the conditions employed. C1 USA, Res & Technol Directorate, Edgewood Chem & Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Geocenters Inc, Gunpowder Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EAI Corp, Abingdon, MD 21009 USA. RP Wagner, GW (reprint author), USA, Res & Technol Directorate, Edgewood Chem & Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0300-9580 J9 J CHEM SOC PERK T 2 JI J. Chem. Soc.-Perkin Trans. 2 PY 2000 VL 6 BP 1267 EP 1272 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Organic; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 317QB UT WOS:000087237200025 ER PT J AU Ding, MS Xu, K Jow, TR AF Ding, MS Xu, K Jow, TR TI Phase diagram of EC-DMC binary system and enthalpic determination of its eutectic composition SO JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Italian-Russian Calorimetry Workshop CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 1999 CL BARGA, ITALY DE binary phase diagram; DSC; enthalpic method; eutectic composition AB We construct with a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) a phase diagram for the ethylene carbonate (EC)-dimethyl carbonate (DMC) binary system for its liquid-solid phase equilibria. We determine the eutectic composition of the binary system using an enthalpic method that we devised based on the composition dependence of the enthalpy of solidus melting, with highly consistent results. We also discuss the merits and limitations of this enthalpic method. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Ding, MS (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 7 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 13 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1418-2874 J9 J THERM ANAL CALORIM JI J. Therm. Anal. PY 2000 VL 62 IS 1 BP 177 EP 186 DI 10.1023/A:1010175114578 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 366CE UT WOS:000089986600017 ER PT J AU Brooks, JP Tripp, HF AF Brooks, JP Tripp, HF TI Bioabsorbable weave technique for repair of pectus excavatum SO JOURNAL OF THORACIC AND CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT American-College-of-Chest-Physicians Annual Meeting CY NOV 10, 1998 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP Amer Coll Chest Physicians ID COMPLICATION; MIGRATION C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Cardiothorac Surg, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Gen Surg, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Tripp, HF (reprint author), SDC, MCHE, Dept Cardiothorac Surg, Bldg 3600,3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0022-5223 J9 J THORAC CARDIOV SUR JI J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 119 IS 1 BP 176 EP 178 DI 10.1016/S0022-5223(00)70238-8 PG 3 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Respiratory System; Surgery SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Respiratory System; Surgery GA 276BZ UT WOS:000084856900036 PM 10612782 ER PT J AU Casillas, RP Kam, CM Powers, JC AF Casillas, RP Kam, CM Powers, JC TI Serine and cysteine proteases in sulfur mustard-exposed hairless mouse skin: Enzymatic activity and inhibition profiles SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY-CUTANEOUS AND OCULAR TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EPIDERMAL-DERMAL JUNCTION; GUINEA-PIG SKIN; ORGAN-CULTURE; IN-VITRO; COLLAGENASE; LESIONS; INFLAMMATION; DERIVATIVES; HYDROLYSIS; COMPONENTS AB Inflammatory reactions associated with sulfur mustard (bis(2-chloroethyl)sulfide, SM)-induced skin pathology, including the release of potent proteolytic enzymes capable of destroying cutaneous connective tissue proteins, are not well defined in vivo. In this study, protease activities were measured as potential indicators of SM-induced skin injury in a hairless mouse sulfur mustard vapor exposure model. We also investigated the effects of synthetic protease inhibitors on SM-induced proteolytic activity. Skin homogenates prepared from hairless mouse dorsal skin exposed to SM vapor (1.4 g/m(3)) were assayed for serine and cysteine protease activities using synthetic chromogenic and fluorogenic substrates. Skin samples were obtained 24 h after SM challenge from animals exposed for either 6 or 12 min, while controls were obtained from unexposed skin. With 6 min SM-exposed skin, significantly higher elastase, tryptase, cathepsin B, cathepsin L, and calpain II enzymatic activities were detected compared to the unexposed control. With 12 min SM-exposed skin, significantly higher activities of elastase, tryptase, and calpain II were detected compared to the unexposed control. No significant differences were found between 6 and 12 min SM-induced protease activities, except 6-min cathepsin L, which was higher than the 12 min. Effective inhibitors include the general serine protease inhibitor 3,4-dichloroisocoumarin and specific peptide phosphonate serine protease inhibitors, in addition to peptide ketoamide transition-state cysteine protease inhibitors. These data demonstrate that proteases are involved in the process of SM-induced tissue injury, and suggest that the identification of specific inhibitors should be useful for studying cytotoxic mechanisms and reducing tissue injury caused by SM exposure. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Casillas, RP (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, JM-3,505 King Ave, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0731-3829 J9 J TOXICOL-CUTAN OCUL JI J. Toxicol.-Cutan. Ocul. Toxicol. PY 2000 VL 19 IS 2-3 BP 137 EP 151 PG 15 WC Ophthalmology; Toxicology SC Ophthalmology; Toxicology GA 352WT UT WOS:000089242900008 ER PT J AU Varma, SD Henein, M Ali, AH Devamanoharan, PS Hamilton, TA Petrali, JP AF Varma, SD Henein, M Ali, AH Devamanoharan, PS Hamilton, TA Petrali, JP TI Morphological correlates of the protection afforded by Varma mixture in rat cornea exposed to half mustard (CEES): A proposed new treatment for sulfur mustard toxicity SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY-CUTANEOUS AND OCULAR TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IN-VITRO; DAMAGE AB Sulfur mustard gas, a bifunctional alkylating synthetic vesicating agent, has been used in warfare since World War I. It continues to be a modem chemical warfare threat agent of choice of some factions. Whole-body exposure to sulfur mustard gas, or its laboratory simulant, a monofunctional alkylating sulfur mustard, GEES, induces cutaneous, respiratory, and ocular impairments. Of these, ocular damage resulting from irritation and edema of eyelids, conjunctiva, and especially cornea causes the most immediate incapacitation. This initial ocular pathology may be followed by secondary intracorneal changes leading to severe corneal opacities. Heretofore there has been no specific prophylaxis except avoidance, and no specific therapy except palliative for mustard gas-induced ocular lesions. In the present study, we present morphological correlates of the apparent attenuation of GEES-induced ocular lesions in a rat eye model by a therapeutic mixture compound developed by Varma. Varma mixture consists of compounds known to provide bioenergetic support, reduce oxidative stress, and support tissue metabolism. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Comparat Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Ophthalmol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Petrali, JP (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Comparat Med, 3100 Ricketts Point Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0731-3829 J9 J TOXICOL-CUTAN OCUL JI J. Toxicol.-Cutan. Ocul. Toxicol. PY 2000 VL 19 IS 2-3 BP 153 EP 163 PG 11 WC Ophthalmology; Toxicology SC Ophthalmology; Toxicology GA 352WT UT WOS:000089242900009 ER PT J AU Krishnamurthy, T AF Krishnamurthy, T TI Special issue on mass spectrometry of toxins - Preface SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY-TOXIN REVIEWS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USA, Edgewood CB Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Krishnamurthy, T (reprint author), USA, Edgewood CB Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0731-3837 J9 J TOXICOL-TOXIN REV JI J. Toxicol.-Toxin Rev. PY 2000 VL 19 IS 1 BP VII EP VIII PG 2 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 289RF UT WOS:000085635200001 ER PT J AU Krishnamurthy, T Rajamani, U Ross, PL Jabhour, R Nair, H Eng, J Yates, J Davis, MT Stahl, DC Lee, TD AF Krishnamurthy, T Rajamani, U Ross, PL Jabhour, R Nair, H Eng, J Yates, J Davis, MT Stahl, DC Lee, TD TI Mass spectral investigations on microorganisms SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY-TOXIN REVIEWS LA English DT Article ID ASSISTED-LASER-DESORPTION/IONIZATION; CHAIN-REACTION PRODUCTS; RAPID IDENTIFICATION; DNA-POLYMERASE; WHOLE CELLS; SPECTROMETRY; AMPLIFICATION; BACTERIA; CHROMATOGRAPHY; PATTERNS AB Bacterial cells undergo lysis readily, when suspended in mild aqueous acids, and release the cellular proteins along with other biomolecules. Molecular masses of the protein biomarkers released in-situ from individual intact bacterial cells could be directly measured by mass spectrometry. Limited sample clean up may be required at times, prior to mass spectral analysis, to remove any ionizable impurities such as salts, buffers and deergents. The marker proteins specific for individual genus, species and strains were determined by the comparison of the biomarkers measured for several closely related organisms. Even though there is a probability of over 4000 cellular proteins expressed in any singlebacterial cell, only a small fraction of the projected marker proteins rue identified consistently during the process. This could be due to the variation in the ionization properties of the proteins ansi the limited energy available to prompt their ionization. Variation in the sample processing and culture conditions had little effect in the marker proteins observed during the process. This experimental procedure enables the distinction of gram positive as well as gram negative cellular pathogens and their corresponding nonpathogenic counterparts. The identity of few bacterial cells present in unknown samples can be easily, rapidly and accurately established by adopting a procedure involving simple sample processing followed by direct mass spectral analysis and data prosessing. Thus, an uncomplicated approach has been developed to resolve a complex problem involving cellular pathogens. This method has enormous application potential in the rapid identification and subsequent prevention of any potential health hazard caused by the pathogenic bacteria, either under natural or induced conditions. There is a great potential for the total automation of the entire process in the future for simpler but more effective unattended operations in the laboratory as well as in the field. C1 USA, Edgewood CB Ctr, R&T Technol, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Geoctr, Gunpowder Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. City Hope Natl Med Ctr, Beckman Res Inst, Duarte, CA 91010 USA. RP Krishnamurthy, T (reprint author), USA, Edgewood CB Ctr, R&T Technol, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RI Eng, Jimmy/I-4202-2012; Eng, Jimmy/C-6556-2017 OI Eng, Jimmy/0000-0001-6352-6737; Eng, Jimmy/0000-0001-6352-6737 NR 40 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 5 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0731-3837 J9 J TOXICOL-TOXIN REV JI J. Toxicol.-Toxin Rev. PY 2000 VL 19 IS 1 BP 95 EP 117 PG 23 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 289RF UT WOS:000085635200005 ER PT J AU Zhang, W Sesterhenn, IA Connelly, RR Mostofi, FK Moul, JW AF Zhang, W Sesterhenn, IA Connelly, RR Mostofi, FK Moul, JW TI Inflammatory infiltrate (prostatitis) in whole mounted radical prostatectomy specimens from black and white patients is not an etiology for racial difference in prostate specific antigen SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE prostate-specific antigen; prostatitis; prostate neoplasms; blacks; whites ID AFRICAN-AMERICAN; CANCER; MEN; HYPERPLASIA; ADENOCARCINOMA; PSA; AGE AB Purpose: Although black men with and without prostatic carcinoma in general have higher levels of prostate specific antigen (PSA) than other racial groups, the cause is unknown. Previous studies have shown that black men produce greater PSA per cc of benign gland volume. We determined whether prostatic inflammation varied by race and could account for the racial difference in PSA among prostate cancer patients. Materials and Methods: Between April 1993 and February 1997, 238 patients underwent radical prostatectomy for clinically localized prostate cancer at Waiter Reed Army Medical Center and whole mounted specimens were processed at the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology. Cases were reviewed by 2 pathologists (W.Z. and I.A.S.) blinded to clinical information, and scored for inflammation as 0-rare; 1-mild, 10 to 15 small foci; 2-moderate, greater than 15 foci with a large area or greater than 20 small foci; 3-marked, greater than 20 small foci with a large area, and 4-diffuse, multiple large areas. The extent of inflammation was correlated to pretreatment PSA and other variables. Results: A total of 181 white and 57 black men were evaluated. Of the patients 28 were excluded from analysis due to prior hormonal therapy. The percentage of patients with inflammation scores from 1 to 4 was higher among white (113 of 161, 70.2%) than black (30 of 49, 61.2%) men but this difference was not significant (p = 0.299) and the extent of inflammation was not significantly related to racial variation in serum PSA. Conclusions: To our knowledge no significant racial difference exists in the extent of inflammatory infiltrate, and inflammation was not the etiology of the racial difference in serum PSA levels in this clinically localized prostate cancer cohort. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Ctr Prostate Dis Res, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Genitourinary Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Serv Urol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Moul, JW (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Ctr Prostate Dis Res, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 24 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 163 IS 1 BP 131 EP 136 DI 10.1016/S0022-5347(05)67988-8 PG 6 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 266XE UT WOS:000084324900038 PM 10604330 ER PT J AU Moul, JW AF Moul, JW TI Should the age specific prostate specific antigen cutoff for prostate biopsy be higher for black than for white men older than 50 years? Editorial comment SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID CANCER C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Ctr Prostate Dis Res, Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Moul, JW (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Ctr Prostate Dis Res, Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 163 IS 1 BP 148 EP 149 PG 2 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 266XE UT WOS:000084324900042 ER PT J AU Moul, JW AF Moul, JW TI The optimal systematic prostate biopsy scheme should include 8 rather than 6 biopsies: Results of a prospective clinical trial - Editorial comment SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Ctr Prostate Dis Res, Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Moul, JW (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Ctr Prostate Dis Res, Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 163 IS 1 BP 166 EP 167 PG 2 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 266XE UT WOS:000084324900048 ER PT S AU Sliney, DH AF Sliney, DH BE Exarhos, GJ Guenther, AH Kozlowski, MR Lewis, KL Soileau, MJ TI Overview of the range of mechanisms SO LASER-INDUCED DAMAGE IN OPTICAL MATERIALS: 1999 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Laser-Induced Damage in Optical Materials CY OCT 04-07, 1999 CL BOULDER, CO SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Univ Cent Florida, Ctr Res & Educ Opt & Lasers, Def Evaluat & Res Agcy, NIST, Pacific NW Natl Lab, SPIE ID HEAT AB For more than 35 years, a wide range of biomedical research has been conducted in order to understand the biophysical factors which influence laser induced retinal injury. Although the optical effects which influence retinal imaging and the initial physical events which lead to the absorption and dissipation of the laser energy are well understood, the stages of biological damage which take place after the deposition of energy are not so well understood. The greatest body of research was initially centered on the interaction of laser energy with ocular tissues. Much of the research was to derive occupational health and safety standards that provide maximum permissible exposure (MPE) limits. These limits are based both upon the theoretical understanding and the large body of experimental data (including human accident experience). Current laser safety research has recently focused almost exclusively on deriving retinal injury thresholds for sub-nanosecond exposures. Setting limits in this temporal region has been difficult, since there have been conflicting data sets and there are limited data to extrapolate to other spectral regions. Because of the transparency of some ocular tissues, the ocular injury studies offer an opportunity to study all interaction mechanisms with greater ease of viewing the effects directly with greater clarity than working with other biologic tissues. C1 USA, Ctr HLth Promot & Prevent Med, Laser Opt Radiat Program, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Sliney, DH (reprint author), USA, Ctr HLth Promot & Prevent Med, Laser Opt Radiat Program, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3508-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 3902 BP 2 EP 19 DI 10.1117/12.379335 PG 18 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BP86M UT WOS:000086446600002 ER PT S AU Stuck, BE Lund, DJ Zuclich, JA AF Stuck, BE Lund, DJ Zuclich, JA BE Exarhos, GJ Guenther, AH Kozlowski, MR Lewis, KL Soileau, MJ TI Photochemical mechanisms of ocular photic injury SO LASER-INDUCED DAMAGE IN OPTICAL MATERIALS: 1999 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 31st Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Laser-Induced Damage in Optical Materials CY OCT 04-07, 1999 CL BOULDER, CO SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Univ Cent Florida, Ctr Res & Educ Opt & Lasers, Def Evaluat & Res Agcy, NIST, Pacific NW Natl Lab, SPIE C1 USA, Med Res Detachment, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Stuck, BE (reprint author), USA, Med Res Detachment, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, 7914 A Dr, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3508-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 3902 BP 20 EP 21 DI 10.1117/12.379336 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BP86M UT WOS:000086446600003 ER PT S AU Lund, DJ Edsall, P Stuck, BE AF Lund, DJ Edsall, P Stuck, BE BE Exarhos, GJ Guenther, AH Kozlowski, MR Lewis, KL Soileau, MJ TI Spectral dependence of retinal thermal injury SO LASER-INDUCED DAMAGE IN OPTICAL MATERIALS: 1999 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Laser-Induced Damage in Optical Materials CY OCT 04-07, 1999 CL BOULDER, CO SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Univ Cent Florida, Ctr Res & Educ Opt & Lasers, Def Evaluat & Res Agcy, NIST, Pacific NW Natl Lab, SPIE DE laser bioeffects; retinal damage; ocular thresholds; thermal model; action spectrum ID DAMAGE; RADIATION AB The action spectrum for light-induced damage to the retina results from wavelength dependent transmission of the pre-retinal ocular media, wavelength dependent absorption in retinal chromophores, and chromatic aberration of the eye optics. While various light/tissue interaction mechanisms have been implicated, thermal mechanisms dominate in the red and near-infrared for all exposure durations and in the visible for exposures shorter than a few seconds. A number of investigators have measured the transmission of the eye and the spectra of retinal absorbers, and thermal models based on these data predict the broad features of the action spectrum. Dose/response studies with lasers conducted over the past 40 years have mainly validated the thermal models. However, thresholds for laser induced chorioretinal injury using q-switched pulses show a variability of threshold with small changes in wavelength. C1 USA, Med Res Detachment, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Lund, DJ (reprint author), USA, Med Res Detachment, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, 7914 A Dr, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 43 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3508-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 3902 BP 22 EP 34 DI 10.1117/12.379337 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BP86M UT WOS:000086446600004 ER PT J AU Bowden, CM Pethel, SD AF Bowden, CM Pethel, SD TI Novel scheme for a universal quantum computer SO LASER PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID COMPUTATION; LOGIC AB A scenario for realization of a quantum computer is proposed consisting of spatially distributed q-bits fabricated in a host structure where nuclear spin-spin coupling is mediated by laser pulse controlled electron-nuclear transferred hyperfine (superhyperfine) Fermi contact interaction. Operations illustrating entanglement, nonlocality, and quantum control logic operations are presented and discussed. The notion of universality of quantum computation is introduced, and the irreducible conditions are presented. It is demonstrated that the proposed generic scenario for realization of a quantum computer fulfills these conditions. C1 USA, Aviat & Missile Command, AMSAM RD WS ST Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Weapon Sci Directorate, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Bowden, CM (reprint author), USA, Aviat & Missile Command, AMSAM RD WS ST Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Weapon Sci Directorate, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERPERIODICA PI BIRMINGHAM PA PO BOX 1831, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35201-1831 USA SN 1054-660X J9 LASER PHYS JI Laser Phys. PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 10 IS 1 BP 35 EP 41 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 290NE UT WOS:000085681600009 ER PT J AU Akozbek, N Bowden, CM Talebpour, A Chin, SL AF Akozbek, N Bowden, CM Talebpour, A Chin, SL TI Laser pulse propagation in ionizing air: A semianalytical approach SO LASER PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VARIATIONAL APPROACH; FEMTOSECOND PULSES; MOVING FOCUS AB We use an approximate method to describe the propagation of a short laser pulse in air. It is shown that the plasma generation via multiphoton ionization acts as an effective higher order nonlinear term. This analogy provides a simple physical interpretation on how the competing effects between focusing and defocusing can lead to a long range propagation. Our results, at least qualitatively, are in agreement with experimental observations and with previous numerical studies. C1 USA, Missile & Aviat Command, Weapons Sci Directorate, Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. Univ Laval, Ctr Opt Photon & Laser, Quebec City, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. Univ Laval, Dept Phys, Quebec City, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. RP Akozbek, N (reprint author), USA, Missile & Aviat Command, Weapons Sci Directorate, Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERPERIODICA PI BIRMINGHAM PA PO BOX 1831, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35201-1831 USA SN 1054-660X J9 LASER PHYS JI Laser Phys. PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 10 IS 1 BP 101 EP 106 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 290NE UT WOS:000085681600021 ER PT S AU Ruff, W Bruno, J Kennerly, S Ritter, K Shen, P Stann, B Stead, M Sztankay, G Tobin, M AF Ruff, W Bruno, J Kennerly, S Ritter, K Shen, P Stann, B Stead, M Sztankay, G Tobin, M BE Kamerman, GW Singh, UN Werner, C Molebny, VV TI Self-mixing detector candidates for an FM/cw ladar architecture SO LASER RADAR TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Radar Technology and Applications V CY APR 26-28, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE laser radar; ladar; self-mixing detector AB The U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) is currently investigating unique self-mixing detectors for ladar systems. These detectors have the ability to internally detect and down-convert light signals that are amplitude modulated at ultra-high frequencies (UHF). ARL is also investigating a ladar architecture based on FM/cw radar principles, whereby the range information is contained in the low-frequency mixing product derived by mixing a reference UHF chirp with a detected, time-delayed UHF chirp. When inserted into the ARL FM/cw ladar architecture, the self-mixing detector eliminates the need for wide band transimpedance amplifiers in the ladar receiver because the UHF mixing is done internal to the detector, thereby reducing both the cost and complexity of the system and enhancing its range capability. This fits well with ARL's goal of developing low-cost, high-speed line array ladars for submunition applications and extremely low-cost, single pixel ladars for ranging applications. Several candidate detectors have been investigated for this application, with metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) detectors showing the most promise. This paper discusses the requirements for a self-mixing detector, characterization measurements from several candidate detectors and experimental results from their insertion in a laboratory FM/cw ladar. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, SE,EE, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Ruff, W (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, SE,EE, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 5 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3661-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4035 BP 152 EP 162 DI 10.1117/12.397787 PG 11 WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics GA BR61N UT WOS:000166958000015 ER PT S AU Stann, B Abou-Auf, A Ruff, W Robinson, D Liss, B Potter, W Sarama, S Giza, M Simon, D Frankel, S Sztankay, Z AF Stann, B Abou-Auf, A Ruff, W Robinson, D Liss, B Potter, W Sarama, S Giza, M Simon, D Frankel, S Sztankay, Z BE Kamerman, GW Singh, UN Werner, C Molebny, VV TI Line imaging ladar using a laser diode transmitter and FM/cw radar principles for submunition applications SO LASER RADAR TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Radar Technology and Applications V CY APR 26-28, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE laser radar; ladar; active electro-optic imaging AB We describe the technical approach, component development, and test results of a line imager laser radar (ladar) being developed at the Army Research Laboratory (ARL) for smart munition applications. We obtain range information using a frequency modulation/continuous wave (FM/cw) technique implemented by directly amplitude modulating a near-LR diode laser transmitter with a radio frequency (rf) subcarrier that is linearly frequency modulated The diode's output is collimated and projected to form a line illumination in the downrange image area. The returned signal is focused onto a line army of metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) detectors where it is detected and mixed with a delayed replica of the laser modulation signal that modulates the responsivity of each detector. The output of each detector is an intermediate frequency (IF) signal (a product of the mixing process) whose frequency is proportional to the target range. This IF signal is continuously sampled over each period of the rf modulation. Following this, a N-channel signal processor based on field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA) calculates the discrete Fourier transform over the IF waveform in each pixel to establish the ranges to all the scatterers and their respective amplitudes. Over the past year, we constructed the fundamental building blocks of this ladar, which include a 3.5-W line illuminator, a wideband linear FM chirp modulator, a N-pixel MSM detector line army, and a N-channel FPGA signal processor. In this paper we report on the development and performance of each building block and the results of system tests conducted in the laboratory. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Stann, B (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3661-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4035 BP 192 EP 203 DI 10.1117/12.397792 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics GA BR61N UT WOS:000166958000019 ER PT S AU Hutchinson, JA Trussell, CW Allik, TH Hamlin, SJ McCarthy, JC Jack, M AF Hutchinson, JA Trussell, CW Allik, TH Hamlin, SJ McCarthy, JC Jack, M BE Kamerman, GW Singh, UN Werner, C Molebny, VV TI Multifunction laser radar II SO LASER RADAR TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Radar Technology and Applications V CY APR 26-28, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE laser radar; eyesafe; obstacle avoidance; wire detection; linear photodiode array AB Laser radar systems are required for various military applications including obstacle detection, target recognition, and terrain mapping. Each application requires different system parameters such as pulse energy, repetition rate, and field of view This paper is the second in a series of papers describing the progress toward a multifunction laser radar system under construction for the Cooperative Eyesafe Laser Radar Program (CELRAP) of the U.S. Army CECOM Night Vision and Electronic Sensors Directorate. C1 USA, NVESD, AMSEL RD NV ST LT, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Hutchinson, JA (reprint author), USA, NVESD, AMSEL RD NV ST LT, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3661-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4035 BP 248 EP 253 DI 10.1117/12.397797 PG 6 WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics GA BR61N UT WOS:000166958000024 ER PT J AU Han, EH Karypis, G AF Han, Eui-Hong (Sam) Karypis, George TI Centroid-Based Document Classification: Analysis and Experimental Results SO LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB In this paper we present a simple linear-time centroid-based document classification algorithm, that despite its simplicity and robust performance, has not been extensively studied and analyzed. Our experiments show that this centroid-based classifier consistently and substantially outperforms other algorithms such as Naive Bayesian, k-nearest-neighbors, and C4.5, on a wide range of datasets. Our analysis shows that the similarity measure used by the centroid-based scheme allows it to classify a new document based on how closely its behavior matches the behavior of the documents belonging to different classes. This matching allows it to dynamically adjust for classes with different densities and accounts for dependencies between the terms in the different classes. C1 [Han, Eui-Hong (Sam); Karypis, George] Univ Minnesota, Dept Comp Sci, Army HPC Res Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Han, EH (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Comp Sci, Army HPC Res Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM han@cs.umn.edu; karypis@cs.umn.edu NR 20 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0302-9743 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT JI Lect. Notes Comput. Sci. PY 2000 VL 1910 BP 424 EP 431 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA V12XW UT WOS:000207632900047 ER PT S AU Zhou, WM AF Zhou, WM GP IEEE IEEE TI Monolithically integrated optical waveguide devices for microwave beamforming SO LEOS 2000 - IEEE ANNUAL MEETING CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS. 1 & 2 SE IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society (LEOS) Annual Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Annual Meeting of the IEEE Lasers-and-Electro-Optics-Society CY NOV 13-16, 2000 CL RIO GRANDE, PR SP IEEE, Laser & Electroopt Soc, IEEE, Networking World C1 USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Zhou, WM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1092-8081 BN 0-7803-5947-X J9 IEEE LEOS ANN MTG PY 2000 BP 142 EP 143 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BR17V UT WOS:000165806400072 ER PT S AU Simonis, GJ Kalayjian, Z Apsel, A Pouliquen, P Andreou, A Athale, R Reedy, R AF Simonis, GJ Kalayjian, Z Apsel, A Pouliquen, P Andreou, A Athale, R Reedy, R GP IEEE IEEE TI Silicon-on-sapphire CMOS for improved VCSEL/CMOS optoelectronic interconnects SO LEOS 2000 - IEEE ANNUAL MEETING CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS. 1 & 2 SE IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society (LEOS) Annual Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Annual Meeting of the IEEE Lasers-and-Electro-Optics-Society CY NOV 13-16, 2000 CL RIO GRANDE, PR SP IEEE, Laser & Electroopt Soc, IEEE, Networking World C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, SE,EM, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Simonis, GJ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, SE,EM, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Pouliquen, Philippe/A-3735-2010; Andreou, Andreas G./A-3271-2010 OI Andreou, Andreas G./0000-0003-3826-600X NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1092-8081 BN 0-7803-5947-X J9 IEEE LEOS ANN MTG PY 2000 BP 169 EP 170 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BR17V UT WOS:000165806400085 ER PT S AU Bradshaw, JL Bruno, JD Pham, JT Wortman, DE Yang, RQ AF Bradshaw, JL Bruno, JD Pham, JT Wortman, DE Yang, RQ GP IEEE IEEE TI High power, high efficiency interband cascade lasers SO LEOS 2000 - IEEE ANNUAL MEETING CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS. 1 & 2 SE IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society (LEOS) Annual Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Annual Meeting of the IEEE Lasers-and-Electro-Optics-Society CY NOV 13-16, 2000 CL RIO GRANDE, PR SP IEEE, Laser & Electroopt Soc, IEEE, Networking World ID QUANTUM C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Bradshaw, JL (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1092-8081 BN 0-7803-5947-X J9 IEEE LEOS ANN MTG PY 2000 BP 243 EP 244 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BR17V UT WOS:000165806400123 ER PT J AU Burgess, EB AF Burgess, EB TI That others may live: The true story of the PJs, America's most daring rescue force. SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, Combined Arms Res Lib, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. RP Burgess, EB (reprint author), USA, Combined Arms Res Lib, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 125 IS 1 BP 131 EP 131 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 275DT UT WOS:000084804700219 ER PT J AU Burgess, EB AF Burgess, EB TI Cassidy's run: The secret spy war over nerve gas. SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, Combined Arms Res Lib, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. RP Burgess, EB (reprint author), USA, Combined Arms Res Lib, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 125 IS 1 BP 133 EP 134 PG 2 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 275DT UT WOS:000084804700235 ER PT S AU Hoke, L Kimball, B Whalen, RA Kowalski, GJ DeCristofano, B AF Hoke, L Kimball, B Whalen, RA Kowalski, GJ DeCristofano, B BE Eich, M Kuzyk, MG Lawson, CM Norwood, RA TI Comparison of experimental results and numerical analysis of multicell stepped limiters SO LINEAR, NONLINEAR, AND POWER-LIMITING ORGANICS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Linear, Nonlinear, and Power-Limiting Organics CY JUL 31-AUG 03, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE optical limiting; nonlinear optical material; laser-induced damage; numerical simulation; thermally stimulated nonlinear effects ID TRANSIENT AB The application of a numerical algorithm to the design procedure of a multi-cell limiter (MCL) is discussed and calculated numerical results are compared to experimental results. This application illustrates the ability to predict optical limiting under circumstances that are comparable to the design process of a MCL. Both the optical limiting and the temperature profile through the MCL are determined for three design cases. Also, the numerical analysis is used to investigate thermal damage using the calculated temperature profile. The results illustrate the potential application of a numerical simulation in designing a MCL and that the accuracy of the numerical model is on the same order as the experimental uncertainties. C1 USA, Soldier & Biol Chem Command, Soldier Syst Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Hoke, L (reprint author), USA, Soldier & Biol Chem Command, Soldier Syst Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3751-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4106 BP 253 EP 263 DI 10.1117/12.408511 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BR65Z UT WOS:000167102600027 ER PT S AU Kimball, BR Nakashima, M DeCristofano, BS Srinivas, NKMN Premkiran, P Rao, DN Panchangam, A Rao, DVGLN AF Kimball, BR Nakashima, M DeCristofano, BS Srinivas, NKMN Premkiran, P Rao, DN Panchangam, A Rao, DVGLN BE Eich, M Kuzyk, MG Lawson, CM Norwood, RA TI Solvent effect on optical limiting of zinc tetrabenzoporphyrin compounds SO LINEAR, NONLINEAR, AND POWER-LIMITING ORGANICS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Linear, Nonlinear, and Power-Limiting Organics CY JUL 31-AUG 03, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE optical limiting; zinc tetrabenzoporphyrin; solvent effect; excited state absorption cross section; two photon absorption coefficient; intersystem crossing rate ID REVERSE SATURABLE ABSORPTION; NONLINEAR ABSORPTION; PORPHYRINS AB We carried out systematic experiments to study the effect of solvents on power limiting in zinc meso-tetra (p-methoxyphenyl) tetrabenzoporphyrin (ZnTBP). We used toluene, pyridine, acetone, dichloromethane (DCM) and a toluene pyridine mixture to evaluate polarity and complex formation of the solvent and solute molecules. Z-scan data were generated using picosecond and nanosecond laser pulses at 532 nm. These data were then curvefit to a 5-level model to obtain excited state and two photon absorption coefficients, and the intersystem crossing rates. An f/5 optical limiting setup was used to determine limiting thresholds. Results indicate that toluene and DCM give the lowest limiting thresholds and that pyridine ligation can be used as a means of molecular modification for future molecular studies. C1 USA, Soldier Syst Ctr, Mat Sci Team, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Kimball, BR (reprint author), USA, Soldier Syst Ctr, Mat Sci Team, Natick, MA 01760 USA. OI PREM KIRAN, PATURI/0000-0001-8870-3752 NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3751-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4106 BP 264 EP 271 DI 10.1117/12.408513 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BR65Z UT WOS:000167102600028 ER PT B AU Wolfenstine, J Foster, D Read, J Behl, WK Luecke, W AF Wolfenstine, J Foster, D Read, J Behl, WK Luecke, W BE Surampudi, S Marsh, RA Ogumi, Z Prakash, J TI Mechanical instability of Sn-Li alloy anodes SO LITHIUM BATTERIES, PROCEEDINGS SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Lithium Batteries of the 196th Electrochemical-Society Fall Meeting CY OCT 17-22, 1999 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Electrochem Soc, Battery Div, Electrochem Soc, Energy Technol Div ID LITHIUM-ION-BATTERIES; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; OXIDE; ELECTRODES; INSERTION; SIZE AB For the Sn-Li alloys the predicted critical grain size, below which microcracking does not occur as a result of Li charging, is smaller than the lattice parameter of Sn. Indentation fracture toughness measurements were undertaken to check on the validity of the critical grain size. From the indentation fracture toughness measurements the critical crack length for a Li4.4Sn alloy was in excellent agreement with the predicted critical grain size for microcracking. This suggests that the model for predicting the critical grain size for microcracking during Li charging into single-phase Sn-Li alloys is correct and that decreasing the particle and/or grain size is not a practical solution to solve the mechanical instability problem associated with Sn-Li alloys. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL SE DC, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Wolfenstine, J (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL SE DC, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-248-6 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2000 VL 99 IS 25 BP 172 EP 177 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA BQ33W UT WOS:000088014200015 ER PT B AU Lee, BM AF Lee, BM BE Simon, RJ TI So what about the women? SO LOOK BACKWARD AND FORWARD AT AMERICAN PROFESSIONAL WOMEN AND THEIR FAMILIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Annual Conference of the Womens Freedom Network CY OCT 18, 1997 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. C1 USA, Off Secretary, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV PRESS AMER PI LANHAM PA 4720 BOSTON WAY, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA BN 0-7618-1581-3 PY 2000 BP 91 EP + PG 6 WC Family Studies; Women's Studies SC Family Studies; Women's Studies GA BQ06D UT WOS:000087021700012 ER PT S AU Johnson, DR Freeman, RB Stevenson, JR AF Johnson, DR Freeman, RB Stevenson, JR GP TRB TI Cost-effectiveness of crack sealing materials and techniques for asphalt pavements SO MAINTENANCE AND MANAGEMENT OF BRIDGES AND PAVEMENTS: MAINTENANCE SE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 79th Annual Meeting of the Transportation-Research-Board CY JAN 09-13, 2000 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Transportat Res Board AB Sealing or filling cracked asphalt pavements to prevent the intrusion of water into the pavement structure has long been an accepted practice of the Montana Department of Transportation. Attempts were made to establish the most economical and effective method of sealing pavement cracks for Montana and to better determine crack sealing's role within Montana's pavement management system (PvMS). Four experimental test sites were constructed within crack-sealing projects. The test sites included combinations of nine sealant materials and six sealing techniques. Monitoring of the test sites includes visual inspections (for all of the sites) and nondestructive structural readings and surface distress identification under Montana's PvMS (for one test location). One expectation of the inspections is an estimation of crack sealing's useful life. Information on project history and project methodology, including the methods used for evaluating the performance of sealed cracks, is presented. Interim conclusions are presented, most of which have been obtained from the two test sites that have been in service for 3 years. Similar performance has been observed for all materials with ASTM D5329 cone penetrations in excess of 90. In general, routing of transverse cracks improved the performance of the sealants. Routing did not appear necessary for centerline longitudinal cracks. Observations from the first year of service for the most recent installation are noted. Notably, router operators appear to prefer the shallow reservoir configuration over square reservoirs. The highest failure rates occur during the coldest period of the year, and much of this distress "heals" after exposure to the summer heat. C1 Montana State Univ, Western Transportat Inst, Dept Civil Engn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Airfields & Pavements Div, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Montana Dept Transportat, Helena, MT 59620 USA. RP Johnson, DR (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Western Transportat Inst, Dept Civil Engn, POB 173910, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL PI WASHINGTON PA 500 FIFTH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001 USA SN 0361-1981 BN 0-309-07150-X J9 TRANSPORT RES REC PY 2000 IS 1697 BP 31 EP 40 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BU71B UT WOS:000176778300006 ER PT J AU Kooyman, GL Hunke, EC Ackley, SE van Dam, RP Robertson, G AF Kooyman, GL Hunke, EC Ackley, SE van Dam, RP Robertson, G TI Moult of the emperor penguin: travel, location, and habitat selection SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE satellite transmitter; Antarctica; Ross Sea; Weddell Sea; Amundsen Sea; pack-ice ID SPHENISCUS-DEMERSUS AB All penguins except emperors Aptenodytes forsteri and Adelies Pygoscelis adeliae moult on land, usually near the breeding colonies. These 2 Antarctic species typically moult some where in the pack-ice. Emperor penguins begin their moult in early summer when the pack-ice cover of the Antarctic Ocean is receding. The origin of the few moulting birds seen by observers on passing ships is unknown, and the locations are often far from any known colonies. We attached satellite transmitters to 12 breeding adult A. forsteri from western Ross Sea colonies before they departed the colony for the last time before moulting. In addition, we surveyed some remote areas of the Weddell Sea north and east of some large colonies that are located along the southern and western borders of this sea. The tracked birds moved at a rate of nearly 50 km d(-1) for more than 1000 km over 30 d to reach areas of perennially consistent pack-ice. Almost all birds traveled to the eastern Ross Sea and western Amundsen Sea. Sea-ice conditions were observed directly in the Weddell Sea from ship and helicopter. Most flees selected for moulting were ridged, and usually >100 m(2). From these observations we predict where the most likely moult refuges are for emperor penguins from other colonies around the Antarctic continent. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Australian Antarctic Div, Kingston, Tas 7050, Australia. RP Kooyman, GL (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Scholander Hall,0204, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM gkooyman@ucsd.edu NR 15 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 15 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2000 VL 204 BP 269 EP 277 DI 10.3354/meps204269 PG 9 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 365GW UT WOS:000089943900022 ER PT S AU Fountzoulas, CG Hubbard, CW Ngo, EH Kleinmeyer, JD Demaree, JD Joshi, PC Cole, MW AF Fountzoulas, CG Hubbard, CW Ngo, EH Kleinmeyer, JD Demaree, JD Joshi, PC Cole, MW BE Jia, QX Miranda, FA Oates, DE Xi, XX TI Effect of the oxygen partial pressure on the microstructure and properties of barium strontium titanate thin films synthesized by pulsed laser deposition SO MATERIALS ISSUES FOR TUNABLE RF AND MICROWAVE DEVICES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials Issues for Tunable RF and Microwave Devices CY NOV 30-DEC 02, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB Barium strontium titanate (BSTO) films were synthesized by the pulsed laser deposition technique (PLD) on silicon substrates at room temperature. The BSTO film synthesis took place at constant laser energy, 500 mJ, and partial oxygen pressure of 3, 15, 30, 45, 100 mTorr. All films were post annealed at 750 degrees C in a tube furnace in an oxygen atmosphere. The microstructure, crystallinity and lattice constant of the BSTO films were studied with the aid of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), photon tunneling microscopy (PTM) and Glancing Angle X-ray Diffraction analysis(GAXRD). The hardness and modulus of elasticity of the films were studied with the aid of a nanohardness indenter. The film stoichiometry was determined with the aid of Rutherford Back Scattering(RBS). The results of this research will be combined with the results of our previous work [1] on the effect of substrate temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the BSTO films in order to construct a structural zone model (SZM) of the BSTO films synthesized by PLD. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weapons Mat Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Fountzoulas, CG (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weapons Mat Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-511-0 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2000 VL 603 BP 157 EP 162 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BQ82C UT WOS:000089705600020 ER PT S AU Blanas, P Das-Gupta, DK AF Blanas, P Das-Gupta, DK BE WunFogle, M Uchino, K Ito, Y Gotthardt, R TI Composite piezoelectric materials for health monitoring of composite structures SO MATERIALS OF SMART SYSTEMS III SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Symposium on Smart Materials held at the 1999 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 30-DEC 02, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP USN Off Res, Mat Res Soc ID ACOUSTIC-EMISSION SENSORS; CERAMIC/POLYMER AB Composites of ferroelectric ceramic in polymer matrix have been developed and characterized for their ability to be employed as embedded sensors for the health monitoring of polymer composite structures. In this paper results illustrating the response of embedded composite sensors to dynamic loads are presented and discussed. Furthermore, the ability of the composite sensors to act as actuators, generating diagnostic waves in composite structures, has been investigated. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, AMRSL,WM,MB, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Blanas, P (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, AMRSL,WM,MB, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-512-9 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2000 VL 604 BP 45 EP 50 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BQ82D UT WOS:000089705900007 ER PT S AU Zakar, E Dubey, M Polcawich, R Piekarski, B Piekarz, R Conrad, J Widuta, R AF Zakar, E Dubey, M Polcawich, R Piekarski, B Piekarz, R Conrad, J Widuta, R BE DeBoer, MP Heuer, AH Jacobs, SJ Peeters, E TI Study of PZT film stress in multilayer structures for MEMS devices SO MATERIALS SCIENCE OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS (MEMS) DEVICES II SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium MM on Materials Science of Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS) Devices II held at the 1999 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 29-DEC 01, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB Residual stress in the multilayer Si/Dielectric/Pt/PZT/Pt stack was measured as a function of annealing conditions, sol-gel derived PZT (Lead Zirconate Titanate -52/48) thickness, SiO2 and/or Si3N4 dielectric films thickness. Residual stress in the Si3N4 layer varied from -201 to +1275 MPa and from -430 to +511 MPa in the SiO2 layer. Furnace annealing of the bottom Pt film reduced the stress over rapid thermal annealing (RTA). Stress due to PZT films was the controlling factor for the final stress of the stack. Upon increasing PZT thickness, stress became less tensile for Si3N4 dielectric and more tensile for SiO2. The deposition of the top Pt on PZT followed by RTA at 300 degreesC in nitrogen had a minimal effect on the final stress of the stack. The average tensile stress for the Si/SiO2/Pt/PZT/Pt and Si/Si3N4/Pt/PZT/Pt stacks was 140 +/- 25 and 476 +/- 235 MPa respectively. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Zakar, E (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-513-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2000 VL 605 BP 287 EP 292 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BR05E UT WOS:000165506600041 ER PT S AU Cole, MW Joshi, PC Pfeffer, RL Hubbard, CW Ngo, E Ervin, MH Wood, MC AF Cole, MW Joshi, PC Pfeffer, RL Hubbard, CW Ngo, E Ervin, MH Wood, MC BE Ginley, DS Perkins, JD Kawazoe, H Newns, DM Kozyrev, AB TI The effects of Mg doping on the materials and dielectric properties of Ba1-xSrxTiO3 thin films SO MATERIALS SCIENCE OF NOVEL OXIDE-BASED ELECTRONICS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials Science of Novel Oxide-Based Electronics held at the 2000 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 24-27, 2000 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID PHASE SHIFTERS AB We have investigated the dielectric, insulating, structural, microstructural, interfacial, and surface morphological properties of Ba0.60Sr0.40TiO3 thin films Mg doped from 0 to 20 mol%. A strong correlation was observed between the films structural, dielectric and insulating properties as a function of Mg doping. Non textured polycrystalline films with a dense microstructure and abrupt film-Pt electrode interface were obtained after annealing at 750 degreesC for 30 min. Single phase solid solution films were achieved at Mg doping levels up to 5 mol%, while multiphased films were obtained for Mg doping levels of 20 mol%. Decreases in the films dielectric constant, dielectric loss, tunability and leakage current characteristics were paralleled by a reduction in grain size as a function of increasing Mg dopant concentration. Our results suggest that Mg doping serves to limit grain growth and is thereby responsible for lowering the dielectric constant from 450 to 205. It is suggested that Mg behaves as an acceptor-type and is responsible for the doped films low dielectric loss and good leakage current characteristics. Performance-property trade-offs advocates the 5 mol% Mg doped Ba0.60Sr0.40TiO3 film to be an excellent choice for tunable microwave device applications. C1 USA, Ballist Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Cole, MW (reprint author), USA, Ballist Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-531-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2000 VL 623 BP 125 EP 130 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BS03D UT WOS:000168381900016 ER PT S AU Joshi, PC Cole, MW AF Joshi, PC Cole, MW BE Ginley, DS Perkins, JD Kawazoe, H Newns, DM Kozyrev, AB TI Properties of amorphous and crystalline Ta2O5 thin films prepared by metalorganic solution deposition technique for integrated electronic devices SO MATERIALS SCIENCE OF NOVEL OXIDE-BASED ELECTRONICS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials Science of Novel Oxide-Based Electronics held at the 2000 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 24-27, 2000 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc AB We report on the properties of Ta2O5 thin films prepared by the metalorganic solution deposition (MOSD) technique on Pt-coated Si, n(+)-Si, and poly-Si substrates. The effects of postdeposition annealing temperature on the structural, electrical, and optical properties were analyzed. The electrical measurements were conducted on MIM and MIS capacitors. The dielectric constant of amorphous Ta2O5 thin films was in the range 29.2-29.5 up to 600 degreesC, while crystalline thin films, annealed in the temperature range 650-750 OC, exhibited enhanced dielectric constant in the range 45.6-51.7. The dielectric loss factor did not show any appreciable dependence on the annealing temperature and was in the range 0.006-0.009. The films exhibited high resistivities of the order of 10(12)-10(15) Omega -cm at an applied electric field of 1 MV/cm in the annealing temperature range of 500-750 degreesC. The temperature coefficient of capacitance was in the range 52-114 ppm/degreesC for films annealed in the temperature range 500-750 degreesC. The bias stability of capacitance, measured at an applied electric field of 1 MV/cm, was better than 1.41 % for Ta2O5 films annealed up to 750 degreesC. C1 USA, Res Lab, WMRD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Joshi, PC (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, WMRD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-531-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2000 VL 623 BP 383 EP 388 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BS03D UT WOS:000168381900052 ER PT B AU Johnson, AR AF Johnson, AR BE Whiteman, JR TI A viscoelastic hybrid shell finite element SO MATHEMATICS OF FINITE ELEMENTS AND APPLICATIONS X LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Conference on the Mathematics of Finite Elements and Applications (MAFELAP 1999) CY JUN 22-25, 1999 CL BRUNEL UNIV, UXBRIDGE, ENGLAND SP USA, European Res Off, Inst Math & Applicat HO BRUNEL UNIV DE viscoelasticity; hybrid elements; tyre models AB An elastic large displacement thick-shell hybrid finite element is modified to allow for the calculation of viscoelastic stresses. Internal strain variables are introduced at the element's stress nodes and are employed to construct a viscous material model. First order ordinary differential equations relate the internal strain variables to the corresponding elastic strains at the stress nodes. The viscous stresses are computed from the internal strain variables using viscous moduli which are a fraction of the elastic moduli. The energy dissipated by the action of the viscous stresses is included in the mixed variational functional. Nonlinear quasistatic viscous equilibrium equations are then obtained. Previously developed Taylor expansions of the equilibrium equations are modified to include the viscous terms. A predictor-corrector time marching solution algorithm is employed to solve the algebraic-differential equations. The viscous shell element is employed to numerically simulate a stair-step loading and unloading of an aircraft tyre in contact with a frictionless surface. C1 USA, NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Res Lab,Vehicle Technol Directorate, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Johnson, AR (reprint author), USA, NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Res Lab,Vehicle Technol Directorate, MS 240, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-043568-8 PY 2000 BP 87 EP 96 DI 10.1016/B978-008043568-8/50005-5 PG 10 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA BQ58L UT WOS:000088869600005 ER PT S AU Halbig, MC Brewer, DN Eckel, AJ AF Halbig, MC Brewer, DN Eckel, AJ BE Jenkins, MG LaraCurzio, E Gonczy, ST TI Degradation of continuous fiber ceramic matrix composites under constant load conditions SO MECHANICAL, THERMAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL TESTING AND PERFORMANCE OF CERAMIC COMPOSITES AND COMPONENTS SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Environmental, Mechanical, and Thermal Properties and Performance of Continuous Fiber Ceramic Composite (CFCC) Materials and Components CY MAY 18, 1999 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Amer Soc Testing & Mat, Comm E08 Fatigue & Fracture, Amer Soc Testing & Mat, Comm D30 Adv Composites DE ceramic matrix composites; oxidation; carbon fiber ID OXIDATION-KINETICS; CARBON; MECHANISMS; BEHAVIOR; OXYGEN AB Ten different ceramic matrix composite (CMC) materials were subjected to a constant load and temperature in an air environment. Tests conducted under these conditions are often referred to as stressed oxidation or creep rupture tests. The stressed oxidation tests were conducted at a temperature of 1454 degreesC at stresses of 69 MPa, 172 MPa and 50% of each material's ultimate tensile strength. The ten materials included such CMCs as C/SiC, SiC/C, SiC/SiC, SiC/SiNC and C/C, The time to failure results of the stressed oxidation tests will be presented. Much of the discussion regarding material degradation under stressed oxidation conditions will focus on C/SiC composites. Thermogravimetric analysis of the oxidation of fully exposed carbon fiber (T300) and of C/SiC coupons will be presented as well as a model that predicts the oxidation patterns and kinetics of carbon fiber tows oxidizing in a nonreactive matrix. C1 USA, Res Lab, Vehicle Technol Directorate, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Halbig, MC (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Vehicle Technol Directorate, 21000 Brookpk Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2872-X J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2000 VL 1392 BP 290 EP 305 DI 10.1520/STP15021S PG 16 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BR55G UT WOS:000166791500020 ER PT S AU Bilyk, SR Ramesh, KT Wright, TW AF Bilyk, SR Ramesh, KT Wright, TW BE Yang, JS Maugin, GA TI Numerical modeling of electro-mechanical interactions in metal cylinders SO MECHANICS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES SE STUDIES IN APPLIED ELECTROMAGNETICS AND MECHANICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on the Mechanics of Electromagnetic Materials and Structure held at the ASME Mechanics and Materials Conference CY JUN 27-30, 1999 CL BLACKSBURG, VA SP ASME ID STRAIN-RATE; TITANIUM AB Strong electromagnetic (EM) fields coupled with mechanical loads may have a profound effect on deforming bodies. This analysis considers the effects of large EM fields on metal cylinders undergoing plastic deformations. An electroplastic effect has been used by other researchers to explain previous experimental results, and we examine whether it is necessary to invoke this controversial mechanism. First, we consider only EM loading and solve the transient EM distribution in a solid metal cylinder. This determines the EM time scales as compared to thermal diffusion time scales. Next, at the continuum level, we present the mechanical problem of finite compressive deformations incorporating thermal expansion, strain hardening, strain rate sensitivity, thermal softening and heat conduction. A viscoplastic model that is applicable over a wide range of strain rates (10(-4) to 10(6) s(-1)) characterizes the material response. Finally, we consider a metal cylinder subjected to uni-axial mechanical loading as well as high axial current pulses. The material is assumed to be isotropic with a plastic incompressibility constraint. The deformations are assumed to remain axisymmetric and no instabilities in the cylinder are considered. Coupled effects of Joule heating and the Lorentz force on the deformations are examined. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Bilyk, SR (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU I O S PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-7281 BN 1-58603-031-0 J9 STUD APPL ELECTROMAG PY 2000 VL 19 BP 1 EP 16 PG 16 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA BP98W UT WOS:000086825200001 ER PT S AU Zeng, JC Bauer, JJ Sofer, A Yao, YH Opell, B Zhang, W Sesterhenn, IA Moul, JW Lynch, J Mun, SK AF Zeng, JC Bauer, JJ Sofer, A Yao, YH Opell, B Zhang, W Sesterhenn, IA Moul, JW Lynch, J Mun, SK BE Delp, S DiGioia, AM Jaramaz, B TI Distribution of prostate cancer for optimized biopsy protocols SO MEDICAL IMAGE COMPUTING AND COMPUTER-ASSISTED INTERVENTION - MICCAI 2000 SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention CY OCT 11-14, 2000 CL PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA ID CORE BIOPSIES; RECONSTRUCTION; SIMULATION; CARCINOMA; MODEL AB Prostate cancer is the leading cause of death for American men. The gold standard for diagnosis of prostate cancer is transrectal ultrasound-guided needle core biopsy. Unfortunately, no imaging modality, including ultrasound, can effectively differentiate prostate cancer from normal tissues. As a result, most current prostate needle biopsy procedures have to be performed under empiric protocols, leading to unsatisfactory detection rate. The goal of this research is to establish an accurate 3D distribution map of prostate cancer and develop optimized biopsy protocols. First, we used real prostate specimens with localized cancer to reconstruct 3D prostate models. We then divided each model into zones based on clinical conventions, and calculate cancer presence in each zone. As a result, an accurate 3D prostate cancer distribution map was developed using 281 prostate models. Finally, the linear programming approach was used to optimize biopsy protocols using anatomy and symmetry constraints, and the optimized protocols were developed with various criteria. C1 Georgetown Univ, Dept Radiol, Imaging Sci & Informat Syst Cty, Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Serv Urol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. George Mason Univ, Sch Informat Technol & Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Div Urol, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Genitourinary Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Ctr Prostrate Dis Res, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Zeng, JC (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Dept Radiol, Imaging Sci & Informat Syst Cty, Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20007 USA. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-41189-5 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2000 VL 1935 BP 287 EP 296 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BT09M UT WOS:000171938700029 ER PT S AU Bauer, JJ Zeng, JC Zhang, W Sesterhenn, IA Dean, R Moul, JW Mun, SK AF Bauer, JJ Zeng, JC Zhang, W Sesterhenn, IA Dean, R Moul, JW Mun, SK BE Mun, SK TI Simulated prostate biopsy: Prostate cancer distribution and clinical correlation. SO MEDICAL IMAGING 2000: IMAGE DISPLAY AND VISUALIZATION SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Medical Imaging 2000 Conference CY FEB 13-17, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE, Merge Technologies Inc, Amer Assoc Physicists Med, Amer Physiol Soc, FDA Ctr Devices & Radiol Hlth, IEEE, Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, Natl Elect Mfg Assoc, Diagnost Imaging & Therapy Syst Div, Radiol Soc N Amer, Soc Comp Applicat Radiol DE 3-D simulation; cancer distribution; computer visualization and simulation; interactive prostate needle biopsy ID ANTIGEN; VOLUME; MEN AB Our group has recently obtained data based upon whole-mounted step-sectioned radical prostatectomy specimens using a 3-D computer assisted prostate biopsy simulator that suggests an increased detection rate is possible using laterally placed biopsies. A new 10-core biopsy pattern was demonstrated to be superior to the traditional sextant biopsy. This pattern includes the traditional sextant biopsy cores and four laterally placed biopsies in the right and left apex and mid portion of the prostate gland. The objective of this study is to confirm the higher prostate cancer detection rate obtained using our simulated IO-core biopsy pattern in a small clinical trial. We retrospectively reviewed 35 consecutive patients with a pathologic diagnosis of prostate cancer biopsied by a single urologist using the IO-core biopsy pattern. The frequency of positive biopsy was determined for each core. Additionally, the sextant and IO-core prostate biopsy patterns were compared with respect to prostate cancer detection rate. Of the 35 patients diagnosed with prostate cancer, 54.3% (19/35) were diagnosed when reviewing the sextant biopsy data only. Review of the 10-core pattern revealed that an additional 45.7% (16/35) of patients were diagnosed solely with the laterally placed biopsies. Our results suggest that biopsy protocols that use laterally placed biopsies based upon a five region anatomical model are superior to the routinely used sextant prostate biopsy pattern. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Urol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Urol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3593-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2000 VL 3976 BP 12 EP 21 DI 10.1117/12.383030 PG 10 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BQ28B UT WOS:000087784900002 ER PT B AU Tracey, M Johnston, I Greenaway, R Davis, J Sutton, N Schulze, G Doetzel, W AF Tracey, M Johnston, I Greenaway, R Davis, J Sutton, N Schulze, G Doetzel, W BE Harrison, DJ VanDenBerg, A TI A microfluidics-based microcytometer: Interfacing microfluidics with macrofluidics SO MICRO TOTAL ANALYSIS SYSTEMS '98 SE MESA MONOGRAPHS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Micro-Total Analysis Systems (mu-TAS'98) CY OCT 13-16, 1998 CL BANFF, CANADA DE microfluidics; cells; cytometry AB We have developed an instrument for performing cytomechanical studies of red cell membrane viscoelastic behavior during flow in microfluidic channels of circa (3x3)mu m section. This paper discusses interfacing such structures to the necessary supporting 'millifluidic' systems that provide operational functionality. Such microfluidic interfacing is more complex in the case of particle-carrying suspensions due to sedimentation and separation effects. Cell-carrying suspensions are additionally characterized by the relative fragility of cells and resulting operational constraints in sample handling. A system and matching microfluid device that seek to address these limitations are presented here. The results of preliminary trials are presented showing broad agreement with design specifications. C1 Univ Hertfordshire, Erdc, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. RP Tracey, M (reprint author), Univ Hertfordshire, Erdc, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-5322-6 J9 MESA MG PY 2000 BP 89 EP 92 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BP68E UT WOS:000085854700021 ER PT S AU Ziegler, D Sung, C Dolukhanyan, T Schreuder-Gibson, HL AF Ziegler, D Sung, C Dolukhanyan, T Schreuder-Gibson, HL BE Williams, DB Shimizu, R TI Microcharacterization of composite membranes of electrospun nanofibers and microparticles SO MICROBEAM ANALYSIS 2000, PROCEEDINGS SE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference of the International-Union-of-Microbeam-Analysis-Societies CY JUL 09-14, 2000 CL KAILUA KONA, HAWAII SP Australian Microbeam Anal Soc, Brasilian Soc Microscopy & Microanal, Microscopy Soc Canada, China Joint Comm Microbeam Anal, European Microbeam Anal Soc, Japan Soc Promot Sci, Comm 141 Microbeam Anal, Korean Soc Electron Microscopy, Microbeam Anal Soc C1 Univ Massachusetts, Ctr Adv Mat, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. USA, Natick Soldier Ctr Supporting Sci & Technol, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Ziegler, D (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Ctr Adv Mat, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TECHNO HOUSE, REDCLIFFE WAY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6NX SN 0951-3248 BN 0-7503-0685-8 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER PY 2000 IS 165 BP 171 EP 172 PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BR57H UT WOS:000166835400086 ER PT S AU Lareau, RT Wood, M Chmara, F AF Lareau, RT Wood, M Chmara, F BE Williams, DB Shimizu, R TI In situ ion implantation for trace quantitative SIMS analysis of wide-band gap (WBG) electronic device materials SO MICROBEAM ANALYSIS 2000, PROCEEDINGS SE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference of the International-Union-of-Microbeam-Analysis-Societies CY JUL 09-14, 2000 CL KAILUA KONA, HAWAII SP Australian Microbeam Anal Soc, Brasilian Soc Microscopy & Microanal, Microscopy Soc Canada, China Joint Comm Microbeam Anal, European Microbeam Anal Soc, Japan Soc Promot Sci, Comm 141 Microbeam Anal, Korean Soc Electron Microscopy, Microbeam Anal Soc C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20781 USA. Peabody Sci, Peabody, MA 01960 USA. RP Lareau, RT (reprint author), Fed Aviat Adm, WJ Hughes Tech Ctr, Atlantic City, NJ 08405 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TECHNO HOUSE, REDCLIFFE WAY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6NX SN 0951-3248 BN 0-7503-0685-8 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER PY 2000 IS 165 BP 329 EP 330 PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BR57H UT WOS:000166835400165 ER PT S AU Wood, MC Lareau, RT Ervin, MH AF Wood, MC Lareau, RT Ervin, MH BE Williams, DB Shimizu, R TI Improvements to SIMS in-depth profile resolution with a new rotational stage SO MICROBEAM ANALYSIS 2000, PROCEEDINGS SE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference of the International-Union-of-Microbeam-Analysis-Societies CY JUL 09-14, 2000 CL KAILUA KONA, HAWAII SP Australian Microbeam Anal Soc, Brasilian Soc Microscopy & Microanal, Microscopy Soc Canada, China Joint Comm Microbeam Anal, European Microbeam Anal Soc, Japan Soc Promot Sci, Comm 141 Microbeam Anal, Korean Soc Electron Microscopy, Microbeam Anal Soc ID SAMPLE ROTATION; SUPERLATTICE C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Fed Aviat Adm, WJ Hughes Technol Ctr, Atlantic City, NJ 08405 USA. RP Wood, MC (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TECHNO HOUSE, REDCLIFFE WAY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6NX SN 0951-3248 BN 0-7503-0685-8 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER PY 2000 IS 165 BP 359 EP 360 PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BR57H UT WOS:000166835400180 ER PT B AU Dorsett, MJ AF Dorsett, MJ GP TRI TRI TI Radar processing of 2(n)-1 and 2(n) PRN coded waveforms SO MIKON-2000, VOLS 1 & 2, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Microwaves, Radar and Wireless Communications (MIKON-2000) CY MAY 22-24, 2000 CL WROCLAW, POLAND SP Telecommunicat Res Inst, Warsaw Univ Technol, Wroclaw Unic Technol, Polish Acad Sci, State Comm Sci Res, IEEE Soc, MTT Soc, AES Soc, ED Soc, AES, IEEE Poland Sect, AP, IEEE Poland Sect, MTT, IEEE Poland Sect AB The processing of waveforms that are not LFM requires that the bandwidth of the signal be considered Pseudo-random noise coded waveforms are now being used by cellular phones and are being considered for use in radar systems. With the prevalence of digital signal processing (DSP) hardware, it is appears that the radar community has accepted that DSP equipment can process these waveforms. They can, but the use of the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) will double the range sidelobes. This paper will discuss how processing these waveforms can alter their capabilities. C1 USASMDC, Huntsville, AL 35803 USA. RP Dorsett, MJ (reprint author), USASMDC, POB 1500 SMDC TC SR, Huntsville, AL 35803 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PIT-TELECOMMUNICATIONS RES INSTITUTE PI WARSAW PA UL POLIGONOWA 30, 04-051 WARSAW, POLAND BN 83-906662-0-0 PY 2000 BP 623 EP 626 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BS93R UT WOS:000171438100143 ER PT S AU Hendy, T Troester, D AF Hendy, T Troester, D GP IEEE IEEE TI An information assurance architecture for army installations SO MILCOM 2000: 21ST CENTURY MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2: ARCHITECTURES & TECHNOLOGIES FOR INFORMATION SUPERIORITY SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 21st Century Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2000) CY OCT 22-25, 2000 CL LOS ANGELES, CA SP IEEE, COMSOC, AFCEA AB As we enter a new millennium, we face an Internet that has become a very dangerous place. Our use and dependence on computers and the complex networks that interconnect them has increased, as has the number, type, and severity of attacks that are directed against them. We have even gone so far as to invent a whole new lexicon of terms to describe this brave new world like hack, exploit, and nation state attack. Perhaps no where is the protection of these networks more important than within America's vast military computer and communications networks. The tremendous growth and increasing dependence on Automated Information Systems as core Warfighter assets has prompted the Army to make protecting its infrastructure of information systems and computer networks from attacks and disruption a top priority. This paper will trace the development of an information assurance (IA) architecture for Army installations. Early in 1999, as a critical initiative within the Army's Installation Information Infrastructure Architecture (I3A) project, the Army's ODISC4 Architectures Directorate undertook the task of developing an IA architecture overlay that could be applied to Army installation communications and computer network backbones. Following DoD's Defense-In-Depth philosophy and taking into account current and emerging DoD and Army IA policies, a multi-organizational team continues to develop a flexible, capabilities-based IA architecture that blends Army IA concepts with accepted best practices from the commercial world. The emerging architecture is being applied to both ATM and TCP/IP networks and is enabling the Army to tailor installation IA implementations to meet unique mission requirements. The paper will describe and discuss the various policies, capabilities, techniques, and types of products that are currently included in the architecture including firewalls, security enabled routers, and proxy servers. Some of the challenges that are facing Army networks such as Electronic Commerce and issues associated with malicious code will be presented along with potential solutions that are currently being investigated including the use of technologies like E-mail scanning servers and Virtual Private Networks. With active representation from Major Army Commands, key elements of the Army staff, the Army's sustaining base system engineers, and a broad range of technical experts, the I3A Configuration Control Board's Information Assurance Working Group has been working the complex and challenging IA issues that face the Army installations. Key efforts and initiatives undertaken by this group to develop the concepts, policies, and management processes that the Army will need to maintain its IA enabled networks will round out the paper and presentation. C1 USA, Informat Syst Engn Command, Ft Huachuca, AZ 85616 USA. RP Hendy, T (reprint author), USA, Informat Syst Engn Command, Ft Huachuca, AZ 85616 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 0-7803-6521-6 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2000 BP 444 EP 448 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BR85L UT WOS:000167781800085 ER PT S AU Torrieri, D Bakhru, K AF Torrieri, D Bakhru, K GP IEEE IEEE TI An adaptive array for mobile cellular frequency-hopping CDMA networks SO MILCOM 2000: 21ST CENTURY MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2: ARCHITECTURES & TECHNOLOGIES FOR INFORMATION SUPERIORITY SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 21st Century Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2000) CY OCT 22-25, 2000 CL LOS ANGELES, CA SP IEEE, COMSOC, AFCEA AB The maximin algorithm is a blind adaptive-array algorithm that provides simultaneous interference suppression and beamforming in a frequency-hopping communication system. The performance of a maximin array for mobile cellular frequency-hopping CDMA networks is examined. Both independent and completely correlated Rayleigh fading at the antennas are simulated. It is found that the maximin array relies on adaptive cophasing and beamforming to enhance the desired signal and thereby suppress the multiple-access interference. Although the maximin array does not perform as well as an ideal equal-gain-combining diversity array against multiple-access interference, its performance is good enough that its ability to null stationary interference makes it desirable in many mobile communication networks. C1 USA, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Torrieri, D (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 0-7803-6521-6 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2000 BP 609 EP 613 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BR85L UT WOS:000167781800118 ER PT S AU Karpie, M Pearson, D Franke, E AF Karpie, M Pearson, D Franke, E GP IEEE IEEE TI Joint Tactical Terminal (briefcase): A portable INTEL system providing a comprehensive picture of the digital battlefield to the tactical warfighter SO MILCOM 2000: 21ST CENTURY MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2: ARCHITECTURES & TECHNOLOGIES FOR INFORMATION SUPERIORITY SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 21st Century Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2000) CY OCT 22-25, 2000 CL LOS ANGELES, CA SP IEEE, COMSOC, AFCEA AB The briefcase Joint Tactical Terminal, JTT(B), was recently added to the JTT family of terminals as a man-portable, turn-key, tactical intelligence (INTEL) system, thereby validating the hardware and software modularity and re-usability of JTT Common Integrated Broadcast Service Modules (CIBS-M). JTT(B) is a software radio that can be re-programmed to readily adapt to changes in the Intelligence Broadcast Service (IBS). JTT(B)'s Open Systems Architecture facilitates network, cryptographic, and functionality upgrades beyond its present multichannel, multi-mode, multi-network capability. Employing such Commercial Off-the-Shelf (COTS) products as a laptop computer, VME Digital Signal Processors (DSPs) and Single Board Computers (SBCs) and Government Off-the-Shelf (GOTS) TDP software the JTT(B) leverages rapid commercial technology improvements. The future vision for JTT(B) includes the fusion of JSTARS Synthetic Aperture Radar/Moving Target Indicator (SAR/MTI), Tactical Data Information Link-A (TADIL-A) or Link-11, and Secondary Imagery, Dissemination System (SIDS) data with IBS Signals Intelligence (SIGINT) data. This will provide both the dismounted and the highly-mobile mounted soldier with a comprehensive, accurate and timely picture of the digital battlefield as seen by "high ground" sensors. C1 USA, PEO, IEW&S, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Karpie, M (reprint author), USA, PEO, IEW&S, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 0-7803-6521-6 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2000 BP 994 EP 1000 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BR85L UT WOS:000167781800195 ER PT S AU Ingham, H Helfman, R Hanratty, T Dumer, J Baur, E AF Ingham, H Helfman, R Hanratty, T Dumer, J Baur, E GP IEEE IEEE TI TED On-Board: The link between the tank and the mechanic SO MILCOM 2000: 21ST CENTURY MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2: ARCHITECTURES & TECHNOLOGIES FOR INFORMATION SUPERIORITY SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 21st Century Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2000) CY OCT 22-25, 2000 CL LOS ANGELES, CA SP IEEE, COMSOC, AFCEA AB This paper describes the establishment of a real-time link of engine status information between the M1 Abrams tank and logistics maintainers at the battalion and brigade level. The system in the tank is called TED On-Board (TOB) and is an extension of a currently fielded (off board) diagnostic system called TED (Turbine Engine Diagnostics). C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Ingham, H (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 0-7803-6521-6 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2000 BP 1011 EP 1014 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BR85L UT WOS:000167781800198 ER PT J AU Chisick, MC Piotrowski, MJ AF Chisick, MC Piotrowski, MJ TI Estimated cost of dental treatment for active duty and recruit US military personnel SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB This paper estimates the cost of restoring U.S, military personnel to optimal oral health, The data come from a 30-site oral health survey of Army, Navy, Marine Corps, and Air Force personnel conducted from February 1994 to January 1995, A systematic random sample of 2,711 recruits was drawn, From a prestratified, random sample of 15,924 active duty personnel, 13,050 (82% response rate) participated in the survey, Applying their best clinical judgment, one dentist per site charted comprehensive dental treatment needs on each service member. Radiographs were used. After the samples were weighted to reflect the 1994 population of recruits (202,144) and active duty personnel (1,699,662), treatment costs were calculated applying median fees reported by U.S. general dentists in 1.995. Results show total estimated costs of $1.9 billion for active duty personnel and $203 million for recruits. Periodontal disease accounts for the greatest proportion (47%) of active duty treatment costs, and oral surgery accounts for the greatest proportion (32%) of recruit treatment costs. The cost of restoring U.S. service members to optimal oral health is substantial. C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Chisick, MC (reprint author), USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 2 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 2 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 165 IS 1 BP 70 EP 71 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 276HE UT WOS:000084871300014 PM 10658432 ER PT J AU Tucker, JL Kelley, VA AF Tucker, JL Kelley, VA TI The influence of patient sociodemographic characteristics on patient satisfaction SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SOCIAL IDENTITY; MEDICAL-CARE; OUTCOMES; QUALITY AB The patient satisfaction responses of active duty Army patients in military facilities were analyzed to determine (1) if patients differ along sociodemographic characteristics, (2) the predictors of satisfaction, and (3) the sociodemographic characteristics that moderate patients' satisfaction. Regression results suggest that access, communication, outcomes, and quality predict 42% of the variation in patients' satisfaction scores. Additionally, an analysis of variance suggests that patient satisfaction evaluations are significantly different along sociodemographic characteristics excepting marital status and duty location. Finally, patients' sociodemographic characteristics, with the exceptions of gender and marital status, moderate patients' satisfaction. These findings suggest that patients' satisfaction differs significantly along age, rank, gender, education, race, health status, and utilization individually, but this difference predicts only 5% of patients' satisfaction ratings. This study provides areas of consideration for improving active Army patients' satisfaction in military facilities and suggests theoretically and empirically supported ways to prioritize scarce resources and optimize efforts when faced with constraints. C1 USA, Baylor Univ Grad Program, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Tucker, JL (reprint author), USA, Baylor Univ Grad Program, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 26 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 165 IS 1 BP 72 EP 76 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 276HE UT WOS:000084871300015 PM 10658433 ER PT J AU Legree, PJ Gade, PA Martin, DE Fischl, MA Wilson, MJ Nieva, VF McCloy, R Laurence, J AF Legree, PJ Gade, PA Martin, DE Fischl, MA Wilson, MJ Nieva, VF McCloy, R Laurence, J TI Military enlistment and family dynamics: Youth and parental perspectives SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article AB In 1987, data were collected on 2,731 young men and their parents as part of the Army Communications Objectives Measurement System (ACOMS) survey to understand factors associated with military enlistment and to evaluate military advertising. The ACOMS data are unique because parents and children are linked, which allows researchers to analyze the influence of parental attitudes and behaviors on the enlistment decision independently of youth reports of their parents' attitudes. Results indicate that the youths' perceptions of parental attitudes toward the military and reported parental attitudes correlate at a low level (.14 to .22) showing that youth perceptions of parental attitudes cannot function as a proxy for actual parental attitudes. This may reflect a failure of parents to communicate clearly their attitudes or a failure of children to interpret them accurately. Results also indicate that (a) youth perceptions of parental attitudes predict stated enlistment propensity, which predicts military enlistment, and (b) reported parental attitudes predict military enlistment independently of youth-stated enlistment propensity. The analyses suggest that military enlistment might be enhanced through (a) fostering youth perceptions that competent parents have positive views of the military, (b) fostering positive parental attitudes by educating parents about military benefits and lifestyle, (c) using reports of positive parental attitudes as an indicator of their child's positive military enlistment propensity, and (d) actively involving parents in the enlistment process. C1 USA, Inst Res, Alexandria, VA 22333 USA. Westat Inc, Rockville, MD USA. Human Resources Res Org, Alexandria, VA USA. RP Legree, PJ (reprint author), USA, Inst Res, 5001 Eisenhower Ave, Alexandria, VA 22333 USA. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2000 VL 12 IS 1 BP 31 EP 49 DI 10.1207/S15327876MP1201_2 PG 19 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 292KH UT WOS:000085792800002 ER PT J AU Kane, TD Tremble, TR AF Kane, TD Tremble, TR TI Transformational leadership effects at different levels of the army SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRANSACTIONAL LEADERSHIP; SUBORDINATES PERCEPTIONS; INVOLVEMENT; PREDICTORS; COMMITMENT; SUPERIORS; BEHAVIOR AB In this investigation of officers' transformational leadership behavior, we expand the array of subordinate outcomes investigated, assess differential effects of transformational and transactional leadership behaviors, and examine differences in the occurrence and effects of such behaviors across three levels of the U.S. Army. Transformational leadership was expected to augment the effects of transactional leadership on an array of unit outcomes and across organizational levels. In support of our hypotheses, transformational behavior was found to augment the effects of transactional behaviors on followers' job motivation and affective commitment, whereas transactional behaviors were associated with subordinates' calculative commitment. Results indicated that the unique effects of transformational leadership on subordinate job motivation increased as a function of leadership level. In addition, higher ranking officers were perceived as more transformational and less passive than were lower ranking officers. Theoretical and methodological implications of these findings for transformational leadership research are discussed. C1 SW Missouri State Univ, Dept Psychol, Springfield, MO 65804 USA. USA, Res Inst Behav & Social Sci, Alexandria, VA USA. RP Kane, TD (reprint author), SW Missouri State Univ, Dept Psychol, 901 S Natl Ave, Springfield, MO 65804 USA. NR 38 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 15 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2000 VL 12 IS 2 BP 137 EP 160 DI 10.1207/S15327876MP1202_4 PG 24 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 314XF UT WOS:000087082300004 ER PT J AU LeDuc, PA Caldwell, JA Ruyak, PS AF LeDuc, PA Caldwell, JA Ruyak, PS TI The effects of exercise as a countermeasure for fatigue in sleep-deprived aviators SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DEPRIVATION; PERFORMANCE; VIGILANCE; CAFFEINE; MOOD AB This study examined the effectiveness of exercise for sustaining performance despite moderate amounts of sleep. Twelve volunteers engaged in 10-min bouts of exercise during one 40-hr period of sleep deprivation and rested for an equivalent amount of time during a 2nd period. Participants were more alert immediately following exercise, as evidenced by longer sleep latencies, than after the resting, control condition. However, electroencephalogram data collected 50 min following exercise or rest showed that exercise facilitated increases in slow-wave activity, signs of decreased alertness. Cognitive deficits and slowed reaction times associated with sleep loss were equivalent in both conditions. The results from this study suggest that short bouts of exercise may ameliorate some of the increases in sleepiness and fatigue associated with sleep loss for a short period of time but are not likely to prevent performance decrements. In addition, less than I hr following exercise, significant increases in fatigue and sleepiness may occur. C1 USA, Aeromed Res Lab, Ft Rucker, AL 36362 USA. RP LeDuc, PA (reprint author), USA, Aeromed Res Lab, POB 620577, Ft Rucker, AL 36362 USA. NR 19 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 2 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2000 VL 12 IS 4 BP 249 EP 266 DI 10.1207/S15327876MP1204_02 PG 18 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 375QW UT WOS:000165413600002 ER PT J AU Caldwell, JA Roberts, KA AF Caldwell, JA Roberts, KA TI Differential sensitivity of using simulators versus actual aircraft to evaluate the effects of a stimulant medication on aviator performance SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HELICOPTER PILOT PERFORMANCE; SLEEP-DEPRIVATION; ATROPINE SULFATE; DEXEDRINE(R) AB The comparability of simulator versus aircraft results was examined with a quasi-experimental approach. Flight data from 10 UH-60 pilots, who flew a helicopter simulator, and 10 pilots who flew an aircraft were pooled to assess the influence of the flight platform on Dexedrine(R) versus placebo effects in two 40-hr periods of sustained wakefulness. Overall, performance under Dexedrine(R) was better than performance under placebo, but consistent stimulant and fatigue effects were observed across both flight platforms less than one third of the time. Sensitivity was lower in the aircraft, likely because of differences due to environmental influences (weather, temperature, and turbulence) and other factors (radio traffic and, possibly, anxieties about safety). Thus, simulator studies, although desirable in terms of cost and safety, may overestimate the impact of stressors (e.g., fatigue) as well as the potential benefits from fatigue countermeasures (e.g., Dexedrine(R)). Conversely, in-flight studies may underestimate these types of performance effects. As a result, caution is advised when attempting to generalize findings from one flight platform to the other. C1 USA, Aeromed Res Lab, Ft Rucker, AL 36362 USA. RP Caldwell, JA (reprint author), USA, Aeromed Res Lab, POB 620577, Ft Rucker, AL 36362 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 2000 VL 12 IS 4 BP 277 EP 291 DI 10.1207/S15327876MP1204_04 PG 15 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 375QW UT WOS:000165413600004 ER PT J AU Kiang, JG Gist, ID Tsokos, GC AF Kiang, JG Gist, ID Tsokos, GC TI Regulation of heat shock protein 72 kDa and 90 kDa in human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE heat shock proteins; Ca2+; viability; heat; protein kinase C; protein kinase A; carcinoma ID HUMAN EPIDERMOID-A-431 CELLS; A-431 CELLS; KINASE-C; ACTIVATION; INCREASES; (I); CA2+; OVEREXPRESSION; PHOSPHORYLATION; RESISTANCE AB It has been shown that expression of HSPs can negatively regulate the effectiveness of cytotoxic drugs. In this study, we conducted experiments to study the regulation of expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) in human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. Using [S-35]methionine incorporation and Western immunoblots, we established that heat shock increased production of HSP-72 and -90. Cells exposed to 44 degrees C for 20 min displayed increased expression of HSP-72 and -90, that reached a maximum 3-7 h later and returned to baseline levels within 24 h. The synthesis of both HSP-72 and -90 was attenuated when cells were exposed to heat shock in medium devoid of Ca2+ or pretreated with the calcium chelator BAPTA for 30 min prior to heat shock. Similarly, synthesis of HSP-72 and -90 was inhibited when cells were treated with the protein kinase A inhibitor, H89. These data indicate that Ca2+ and PKA are involved in regulation of HSP-72 and -90 protein synthesis. Levels of HSP-72 mRNA in cells exposed to heat shock increased, suggesting that the heat-induced increase in HSP-72 occurs at the transcriptional level. Also, heat shock caused phosphorylation and translocation from the cytosol to the nucleus of heat shock factor 1 (HSF1), a transcription factor for heat shock protein synthesis. Removal of external Ca2+ or treatment with a PKA inhibitor prevented the posphorylation and the translocation of HSF1. Cells overexpressing HSP-72 and -90 induced by exposure to a sublethal temperature displayed cytoprotection from thermal injury. Removal of external Ca2+ and treament with BAPTA, or H89 prior to exposure to sublethal heat shock that reduced the amount of HSP-72 and -90 production still protected cells fromsubsequent thermal injury. The intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca2+](i)) in resting fura-2-loaded MDA-MB-231 cells was 175 +/- 8 nM. Heat shock increased [Ca2+](i) in a time-and temperature-dependent manner. Exposure of cells to 44 degrees C for 20 min increased [Ca2+](i) by 234 +/- 13%, which subsequently returned to baseline levels within 30 min. Removal of external Ca2+ eliminated the increase, indicating that the increase in [Ca2+](i) was due to Ca2+ influx. Pretreatment of the cells with H89 but not GF-109203X for 30 min led to an attenuation of the increase in [Ca2+](i) by a subsequent heat shock. The results suggest that HSP-72 and -90 are regulated by [Ca2+](i) and PKA activity in MDA-MB-231 cells. Kiang JG, Gist ID, Tsokos GC: Regulation of Heat Shock Protein 72 kDa and 90 kDa in Human Breast Cancer MDA-MB-231 Cells. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Cellular Injury, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Kiang, JG (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Cellular Injury, Bldg 503,Rm 1N07, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 36 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0300-8177 J9 MOL CELL BIOCHEM JI Mol. Cell. Biochem. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 204 IS 1-2 BP 169 EP 178 DI 10.1023/A:1007016822939 PG 10 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 286TV UT WOS:000085463000019 PM 10718636 ER PT J AU Sarney, WL Salamanca-Riba, L Hossain, T Zhou, P Jayatirtha, HN Kang, HH Vispute, RD Spencer, M Jones, KA AF Sarney, WL Salamanca-Riba, L Hossain, T Zhou, P Jayatirtha, HN Kang, HH Vispute, RD Spencer, M Jones, KA TI TEM study of bulk AlN growth by physical vapor transport SO MRS INTERNET JOURNAL OF NITRIDE SEMICONDUCTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on GaN and Related Alloys Held at the MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 29-DEC 03, 1999 CL BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS SP Mat Res Soc AB We are attempting to grow bulk AIN that would be suitable as a substrate for nitride film growth. Bulk AlN films were grown by physical vapor transport on 3.5 degrees off-axis and on-axis 6H SiC seed crystals and characterized by TEM, x-ray-diffraction, Auger electron microscopy, and SEM. TEM images show that the bulk AIN does not have the columnar structure typically seen in AlN films grown by MOCVD. Although further optimization is required before the bulk AlN is suitable as a substrate, we find that the structural characteristics achieved thus far indicate that quality bulk AlN substrates may be obtained in the future. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Mat & Nucl Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Howard Univ, Mat Sci Res Ctr Excellence, Washington, DC USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Sarney, WL (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mat & Nucl Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Salamanca-Riba, Lourdes/B-3785-2009 OI Salamanca-Riba, Lourdes/0000-0001-8155-6403 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1092-5783 J9 MRS INTERNET J N S R JI Mrs. Internet J. Nitride Semicond. Res. PY 2000 VL 5 SU 1 BP art. no. EP W5.5 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 368DZ UT WOS:000090103600055 ER PT J AU Vispute, RD Patel, A Baynes, K Ming, B Sharma, RP Venkatesan, T Scozzie, CJ Lelis, A Zheleva, T Jones, KA AF Vispute, RD Patel, A Baynes, K Ming, B Sharma, RP Venkatesan, T Scozzie, CJ Lelis, A Zheleva, T Jones, KA TI Pulsed-laser-deposited AlN films for high-temperature SiC MIS devices SO MRS INTERNET JOURNAL OF NITRIDE SEMICONDUCTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on GaN and Related Alloys Held at the MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 29-DEC 03, 1999 CL BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS SP Mat Res Soc ID 6H SILICON-CARBIDE; ALUMINUM NITRIDE AB We report on the fabrication of device-quality AlN heterostructures grown on SiC for high-temperature electronic devices. The AlN films were grown by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) at substrate temperatures ranging from 25 degreesC (room temperature) to 1000 degreesC. The as-grown films were investigated using x-ray diffraction, Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy, ion channeling, atomic force microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The AW films grown above 700 degreesC were highly c-axis oriented with rocking curve FWHM of 5 to 6 are-min. The ion channeling minimum yields near the surface region for the AlN films were similar to2 to 4%, indicating their high degree of crystallinity. TEM studies indicated that AW films were epitaxial and single crystalline in nature with a large number of stacking faults as a results of lattice mismatch and growth induced defects. The surface roughness for the films was about 0.5 nm which is close to the unit cell height of the AW. Epitaxial TiN ohmic contacts were also developed on SiC, GaN, and AlN by in-situ PLD. Epitaxial TiN/AlN/SiC MIS capacitors with gate areas of 4 * 10(-4) cm(2) were fabricated, and high-temperature current-voltage (I-V) characteristics were studied up to 450 degreesC. We have measured leakage current densities of low 10(-8) A/cm(2) at room temperature, and have mid 10(-3) A/cm(2) at 450 degreesC under a field of 2 MV/cm. C1 Univ Maryland, Ctr Superconduct Res, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Vispute, RD (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Ctr Superconduct Res, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Venkatesan, Thirumalai/E-1667-2013 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1092-5783 J9 MRS INTERNET J N S R JI Mrs. Internet J. Nitride Semicond. Res. PY 2000 VL 5 SU 1 BP art. no. EP W11.3 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 368DZ UT WOS:000090103600081 ER PT J AU Wraback, M Shen, H Eiting, CJ Carrano, JC Dupuis, RD AF Wraback, M Shen, H Eiting, CJ Carrano, JC Dupuis, RD TI Picosecond photoinduced reflectivity studies of GaN prepared by lateral epitaxial overgrowth SO MRS INTERNET JOURNAL OF NITRIDE SEMICONDUCTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on GaN and Related Alloys Held at the MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 29-DEC 03, 1999 CL BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS SP Mat Res Soc AB The pump-probe technique has been used to perform room temperature studies of the photoinduced changes in the reflectivity DeltaR associated with exciton and carrier dynamics in GaN prepared by lateral epitaxial overgrowth. For resonant excitation of cold excitons, the DeltaR decay possesses a 720 ps component attributed to the free exciton lifetime in this high quality material. For electrons with small excess energy (< 50 meV), the strong increase in the R decay rate with decreasing excitation density suggests that screening of the Coulomb interaction may play an important role in the processes of carrier relaxation and exciton formation. The faster decay times at a given carrier density observed for hot (> 100 meV) electron relaxation are attributed to electron-hole scattering in conjunction with the screened electron-LO phonon interaction. C1 USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Elect Engn, Ctr Microelect Res, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Wraback, M (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1092-5783 J9 MRS INTERNET J N S R JI Mrs. Internet J. Nitride Semicond. Res. PY 2000 VL 5 SU 1 AR W11.55 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 368DZ UT WOS:000090103600108 ER PT S AU Meisel, LV Scanlon, RD Johnson, MA Lanzerotti, YD AF Meisel, LV Scanlon, RD Johnson, MA Lanzerotti, YD BE Robertson, IM Lassila, DH Devincre, B Phillips, R TI Self-affine fractal characterization of a TNT fracture surface SO MULTISCALE PHENOMENA IN MATERIALS-EXPERIMENTS AND MODELING SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Multiscale Phenomena in Materials-Experiments and Modeling at the 1999 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 30-DEC 02, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Univ Illinois, CNRS, ONERA, Brown Univ, Mat Res Soc AB A trinitrotoluene (TNT) fracture surface image is characterized in terms of a self-affine fractal structure. The fracture surface was produced by high acceleration in an ultracentrifuge when the TNT strength was exceeded. An atomic force microscope (AFM) captured the topography of a 4 micron square region on the fracture surface. The present analysis supports a self-affine description of the TNT fracture surface (wavelengths of 0.016 micron to 4.0 micron) and provides a new prespective on fracture processes in TNT. An essential step in self-affine fractal characterization of surfaces is the determination of reference surfaces. A self-affine fracture surface can be described in terms of a single-valued height function. In the TNT fracture surface, single-valued height functions, which describe surface texture can only be defined with respect to curved reference surfaces. By employing curved reference surfaces, we have demonstrated that self-affine fractal scaling can be used to characterize the TNT fracture surface. This provides important information that is not evident in the analysis of individual surface scans. C1 USA, TACOM, ARDEC, Benet Labs, Watervliet, NY 12189 USA. RP Meisel, LV (reprint author), USA, TACOM, ARDEC, Benet Labs, Watervliet, NY 12189 USA. NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-486-6 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2000 VL 578 BP 363 EP 367 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BQ74R UT WOS:000089399800054 ER PT S AU Krishnamurthy, T Rajamani, U Ross, PL Eng, J Davis, M Lee, TD Stahl, DS Yates, J AF Krishnamurthy, T Rajamani, U Ross, PL Eng, J Davis, M Lee, TD Stahl, DS Yates, J BE Tu, AT Gaffield, W TI Bacterial typing and identification by mass spectrometry SO NATURAL AND SELECTED SYNTHETIC TOXINS: BIOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 216th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 21-27, 1998 CL BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Mat, Sci & Engn Inc, Div Polymer Mat, Exxon Res & Engn CO, Amer Chem Soc, Petr Res Fund, Amer Chem Soc, Div Fluorine Chem, Amer Chem Soc, Div Organ Chem, Amer Chem Soc, Corp Associates, Dow Agrosci, Monsanto Co, Eastman Kodak Co, Schering Plough, Merck Res Labs, Cent Glass Int Inc, Daikin Ind, Kanto Denka Kogyo Co, Asahi Glass Co, Div Agr & Food Chem ID ASSISTED-LASER-DESORPTION/IONIZATION; CHAIN-REACTION PRODUCTS; RAPID IDENTIFICATION; BACILLUS-CEREUS; DNA-POLYMERASE; WHOLE CELLS; MICROORGANISMS; CHROMATOGRAPHY; AMPLIFICATION; THURINGIENSIS AB simple, direct, rapid, and accurate mass spectrometric methods have been developed for identifying hazardous bacteria in unknown samples and sites. Cellular proteins specific to individual bacterium, were released by in-situ lysis of the intact cells followed by electrospray ionization (ESI)- or matrix assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI)- mass spectrometric analysis of the marker proteins. The biomarkers specific for individual bacterium were derived from the acquired mass spectral data. The marker proteins could be used for very specific bacterial identification, enabling the distinction of bacterial pathogens from its closely related non-pathogenic counterparts. The entire analytical process could be completed within ten minutes and was applicable to both gram-positive and gramnegative organisms. Algorithms developed for the automated sample processing enabled the unambiguous identification of bacteria in unknown samples. This simple but potentially powerful approach has great application capability in diversified fields such as monitoring and clean up of hazardous wastes, food processing, and health industrial sites as well as biological, bioengineering and pharmaceutical research. C1 USA, Edgewood RDE Ctr, R&T Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Geo Ctr Inc, Gunpowder Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Mol Biotechnol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. City Hope Natl Med Ctr, Beckman Res Inst, Duarte, CA 91010 USA. RP Krishnamurthy, T (reprint author), USA, Edgewood RDE Ctr, R&T Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RI Eng, Jimmy/I-4202-2012; Eng, Jimmy/C-6556-2017 OI Eng, Jimmy/0000-0001-6352-6737; Eng, Jimmy/0000-0001-6352-6737 NR 40 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3630-5 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2000 VL 745 BP 67 EP 97 PG 31 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Toxicology GA BP75P UT WOS:000086072600006 ER PT J AU Armonda, RA Thomas, JE Rosenwasser, RH AF Armonda, RA Thomas, JE Rosenwasser, RH TI The interventional neuroradiology suite as an operating room SO NEUROSURGERY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article AB The evolution of new neurointerventional techniques, along with improved imaging and catheter developments, has changed the interventional suite into a subspecialized operating room. This article discusses this operating room as a combination of neuroanesthesia, neuromonitoring, nursing, and technician support coordinated by the neurointerventionalist. The coordination of elective and emergent intervention is also discussed, from conception to completion of the plan, including arteriovenous emoblization, endovascular aneurysm obliteration, intra-arterial thrombolysis, extracranial and intracranial carotid angioplasty, and stenting. Specific examples are illustrated, including pharmacologic intervention complementing these techniques. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Neurosurg Serv, Clin 5C, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Thomas Jefferson Univ, Dept Neurosurg, Div Cerebrovasc Surg & Intervent Neuroradiol, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. RP Armonda, RA (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Neurosurg Serv, Clin 5C, Bldg 2, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 1042-3680 J9 NEUROSURG CLIN N AM JI Neurosurg. Clin. N. Am. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 11 IS 1 BP 1 EP + PG 21 WC Clinical Neurology; Surgery SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Surgery GA 270XG UT WOS:000084562000002 PM 10565866 ER PT J AU Thomas, JE Armonda, RA Rosenwasser, RH AF Thomas, JE Armonda, RA Rosenwasser, RH TI Endosaccular thrombosis of cerebral aneurysms - Strategy, indications, and technique SO NEUROSURGERY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID GUGLIELMI DETACHABLE COILS; SURGERY; EMBOLIZATION; EXPERIENCE AB Endovascular occlusion of a cerebral aneurysm refers to the induction of thrombosis within the aneurysm by any of several methods, all of which make use of devices delivered through the bloodstream of the parent vessel. The type of endovascular treatment most commonly used today for aneurysm treatment is the detachable platinum microcoil designed by Guglielmi, known as the GDC. The GDC has been used more frequently and successfully over the last decade as a treatment alternative to microneurosurgical clip ligation. A continual and rapid technological evolution and increasing clinical experience of neurosurgeons and neuroradiologists using this technology have been important contributors to its success. Endovascular coil embolization may hold advantages over microneurosurgical clip ligation under selected clinical circumstances. It is also necessary to acknowledge and outline the disadvantages of this form of treatment in an unbiased manner. C1 Thomas Jefferson Univ, Dept Neurosurg, Div Cerebrovasc Surg & Intervent Neuroradiol, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Thomas, JE (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Univ, Dept Neurosurg, Div Cerebrovasc Surg & Intervent Neuroradiol, 834 Walnut St,Suite 650, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 1042-3680 J9 NEUROSURG CLIN N AM JI Neurosurg. Clin. N. Am. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 11 IS 1 BP 101 EP + PG 22 WC Clinical Neurology; Surgery SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Surgery GA 270XG UT WOS:000084562000009 PM 10565873 ER PT B AU Welch, DJ Buchheit, N Ruocco, A AF Welch, DJ Buchheit, N Ruocco, A GP ASSOC COMP MACHINERY ASSOC COMP MACHINERY TI Strike back: Offensive actions in information warfare SO NEW SECURITY PARADIGM WORKSHOP, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1999 New Security Paradigms Workshop CY SEP 22-24, 1999 CL CALEDON HILLS, CANADA SP Assoc Comp Machinery, Special Interest Grp Secur Audit & Control, US Dept Def, Arca Syst (TM) Inc C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Welch, DJ (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA BN 1-58113-149-6 PY 2000 BP 47 EP 52 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BQ39Y UT WOS:000088253900005 ER PT B AU Wright, P Hodges, J AF Wright, P Hodges, J GP IEEE IEEE TI A fuzzy-based instance selection approach for data mining SO NINTH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FUZZY SYSTEMS (FUZZ-IEEE 2000), VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (FUZZy-IEEE 2000) CY MAY 07-10, 2000 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP IEEE Neural Networks Council, Texas A&M Univ, Int Fuzzy Syst Assoc, Japan Soc Fuzzy Theory & Syst AB Data mining is an area bat is enjoying increasing growth. One of the most time-consuming tasks in data mining is data preparation or preprocessing. Because data preprocessing Cakes more time and effort than the rest of the data mining process [13], the need for improved data preprocessing methods is well recognized [4; 8]. Dealing with missing values can further complicate data preprocessing. Several methods have been used to resolve the problem of instance selection when there are missing data values. Most of these methods 1) discard records with missing values; 2) use all records and ignore missing values; or 3) use all records and infer missing values. These methods do not consider the utility of individual attributes. Here we introduce a fuzzy-based information metric that considers the usefulness of the individual attributes by incorporating domain knowledge into a multi-criteria decision-making instance selection technique. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Wright, P (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-5878-3 PY 2000 BP 381 EP 386 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BQ42Y UT WOS:000088355300066 ER PT B AU Passner, JE AF Passner, JE GP AMS AMS TI Lessons learned in the SCIAD program SO NINTH SYMPOSIUM ON EDUCATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Symposium on Education held at the 80th Annual Meeting of the American-Meteorological-Society CY JAN 09-14, 2000 CL LONG BEACH, CA SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 USA, Atmospher Sci Lab, White Sands Missile Rang, NM 88002 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2000 BP 94 EP 96 PG 3 WC Education & Educational Research; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Education & Educational Research; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BS17M UT WOS:000168978800038 ER PT S AU Sloan, JM Pergantis, CG AF Sloan, JM Pergantis, CG BE Baaklini, GY Meyendorf, N Matikas, TE Gilmore, RS TI Characterization of copper surfaces used in electronic circuit boards by reflectance FT-IR SO NONDESTRUCTIVE METHODS FOR MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Nondestructive Methods for Materials Characterization held at the 1999 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 29-30, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB Organic and organo-metallic coatings are presently being applied over bare copper as an approach to improve the co-planarity of circuit boards. Conformal organic solderability preservative coatings (OSP) are environmentally and economically advantageous over the more commonly used lead based coatings [1-2]. Problems arise in assessing the solderability of the bare copper and the integrity of the organic coating. Specular reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was utilized to monitor and evaluate the formation of Cu oxides occurring on copper substrates used in the manufacturing of electronic circuit boards. Previous studies reported the utility of this technique[3,4]. By measuring the oxide and protective coating characteristics of these surfaces, their solderability performance can rapidly be evaluated in a manufacturing environment. OSP coated test specimens were subjected to hot-dry and hot-wet environmental conditions using MIL-STD-202F [5] and MIL-STD-883E [6] as guides. The resultant FT-IR spectra provided clear evidence for the formation of various Cu oxides at the Cu/OSP interface over exposure time, for the samples subjected to the hot-dry environment. IR spectral bands consistent with O-Cu-O and Cu2O2 formation appear, while very minimal deterioration to the OSP coating was observed. The appearance of the Cu oxide layers grew steadily with increased environmental exposure. Specimens subjected to the hot-wet conditions showed no significant signs of deterioration. The IR data can be directly correlated to solderability performance as evaluated by wet balance testing. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Polymers Res Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Sloan, JM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Polymers Res Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-499-8 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2000 VL 591 BP 289 EP 293 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BQ35B UT WOS:000088094200042 ER PT S AU Pritchett, TM Mott, AG AF Pritchett, TM Mott, AG GP OSA OSA OSA TI Thermo-optically based interferometric determination of laser power SO NONLINEAR OPTICS: MATERIALS, FUNDAMENTALS, AND APPLICATIONS SE OSA TRENDS IN OPTICS AND PHOTONICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nonlinear Optics: Materials, Fundamentals, and Applications, Technical Digest CY AUG 06-10, 2000 CL KAUA I-LIHUE, HI SP Opt Soc Amer, IEEE, Lasers & ElectroOpt Soc ID LIQUID-CRYSTALS; INTENSITY AB The power delivered by a continuous wave, principal-mode Gaussian laser beam may be determined from the diameter of the outermost ring in the Fraunhofer diffraction pattern arising from thermal lensing of the beam. (C) 2000 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: (190.4870) Optically induced thermo-optical effects; (120.2650) Fringe analysis. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Phys, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Pritchett, TM (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Phys, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-5695 BN 1-55752-646-X J9 OSA TRENDS OPT PHOTO PY 2000 VL 46 BP 276 EP 278 DI 10.1109/NLO.2000.883648 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BR02P UT WOS:000165407100088 ER PT J AU Stanka, MB Adams, JM Eisenhauer, CM AF Stanka, MB Adams, JM Eisenhauer, CM TI Proton recoil measurements of the Cf-252 fission neutron leakage spectrum from an iron sphere SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB Proton recoil measurements of the Cf-252 fission neutron leakage spectrum from a 50-cm-diam iron sphere are performed as a means of checking the degree to which the ENDF/B-VI iron inelastic scattering cross section resolves the well-known discrepancy between predicted and observed neutron transport. These measurements were performed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology using a rotating proton-recoil spectrometer over an energy range of 50 keV to 4.5 MeV. In addition, Monte Carlo neutron transport calculations were performed of the iron-moderated neutron spectrum generated in the experiment. Below 1 MeV the spectral measurements are in good agreement with a corresponding calculation for the iron-moderated neutron leakage spectrum obtained using the ENDF/B-VI cross-section library. However, the calculation continues to underpredict the neutron fluence above 1 MeV by as much as 11%, which is greater than the average statistical uncertainty of the measured data. Finally, the measurements are compared with those obtained from a similar set of experiments made by two different laboratories in the Czech Republic. The results compare favorably with both of these measurements and indicate the best agreement with the Monte Carlo transport calculations with respect to the integral neutron fluence. C1 USA, Aberdeen Pulse Radiat Facil, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Stanka, MB (reprint author), USA, Aberdeen Pulse Radiat Facil, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0029-5639 J9 NUCL SCI ENG JI Nucl. Sci. Eng. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 134 IS 1 BP 68 EP 76 PG 9 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 267EW UT WOS:000084345200005 ER PT J AU de Almeida, VF Chapman, AM Derby, JJ AF de Almeida, VF Chapman, AM Derby, JJ TI On equilibration and sparse factorization of matrices arising in finite element solutions of partial differential equations SO NUMERICAL METHODS FOR PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS LA English DT Article DE matrix equilibration; scaling; incomplete LU factorization; pivoting; preconditioning; sparse finite-element matrices; incompressible fluids; Navier-Stokes equations ID SYSTEMS AB Investigations of scaling and equilibration of general matrices have been traditionally aimed at the effects on the stability and accuracy of LU factorizations-the so-called scaling problem. Notably, Skeel (1979) concludes that no systematic scaling procedure can be concocted for general matrices exempt from the danger of disastrous effects. Other researchers suggest that scaling procedures are not beneficial and should be abandoned altogether. Stability and accuracy issues notwithstanding, we show that this unglamorous technique has a profound impact on the sparsity of the resulting LU factors. In the modern era of fast computing, equilibration can play a key role in constructing incomplete sparse factorizations to solve a problem unstably, but quickly and iteratively. This article presents practical evidence, on the basis of sparsity, that scaling is an indispensable companion for sparse factorization algorithms when applied to realistic problems of industrial interest. In light of our findings, we conclude that equilibration with the oo-norm is superior than equilibration with the 2-norm. (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Army High Performance Comp Res Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Supercomp Inst, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. NEC Syst Inc, The Woodlands, TX 77381 USA. RP de Almeida, VF (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Derby, Jeffrey/B-9706-2009; de Almeida, Valmor/P-5498-2016; OI de Almeida, Valmor/0000-0003-0899-695X; Derby, Jeffrey/0000-0001-6418-2155 NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0749-159X J9 NUMER METH PART D E JI Numer. Meth. Part Differ. Equ. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 16 IS 1 BP 11 EP 29 PG 19 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 264FC UT WOS:000084169100002 ER PT J AU Walton, TL AF Walton, TL TI Separation of shoreline change signal from random noise SO OCEAN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE beach erosion; filtering; geomorphology; shoreline change; signal processing; storm surge AB Investigation of shoreline change signals in the presence of possible non-stationarity is attempted via Karhunen-Loeve filtering to separate the actual shoreline signal change from that of random noise. Interpretation is made of the signal and noise normalized covariance and spectra to help in delineating natural change versus man-made change patterns for a section of shoreline where a navigation channel existed over a portion of the shoreline history. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Corps Engineers, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Walton, TL (reprint author), USA, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Corps Engineers, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0029-8018 J9 OCEAN ENG JI Ocean Eng. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 27 IS 1 BP 77 EP 86 DI 10.1016/S0029-8018(98)00033-X PG 10 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 238CP UT WOS:000082693600004 ER PT B AU Fatale, LA Oimoen, DC Ackeret, JR Messmore, M AF Fatale, LA Oimoen, DC Ackeret, JR Messmore, M GP IEEE IEEE TI Laboratory and field evaluation of precise lightweight GPS receiver (PLGR+95 & PLGR+96) accuracy SO OCEANS 2000 MTS/IEEE - WHERE MARINE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY MEET, VOLS 1-3, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans Conference and Exhibition on Where Marine Science and Technology Meet CY SEP 11-14, 2000 CL PROVIDENCE, RI SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES C1 USA, Topog Engn Ctr, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. RP Fatale, LA (reprint author), USA, Topog Engn Ctr, 7701 Telegraph Rd, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6552-6 PY 2000 BP 315 EP 321 PG 7 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BR32X UT WOS:000166107400050 ER PT B AU Shannon, BF Hubbard, JR AF Shannon, BF Hubbard, JR GP IEEE IEEE TI Results from recent GPS Tides projects SO OCEANS 2000 MTS/IEEE - WHERE MARINE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY MEET, VOLS 1-3, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans Conference and Exhibition on Where Marine Science and Technology Meet CY SEP 11-14, 2000 CL PROVIDENCE, RI SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES AB The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USAGE) has completed tidal datum elevation models using Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) carrier phase methods in three ocean approach channels in the southeastern United States. These channels are all contained entirely or in part within the state of Georgia. Tide observations and tidal datum determinations were coordinated with the Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services (CO-OPS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NOAA. The datum elevation models confirms that the local mean sea level and the mean tide level differ by a small amount on the open coast and shows that the sea level is approximately an equipotential surface over a large area of the Georgia coastline. The survey results also show an anomalous depression in mean lower low water offshore, which may be due to DGPS limitations when using a 20 km baseline distance. The USAGE has found the use of carrier phase DGPS and tidal datum models a useful method for maintaining vertical control for dredging operations and intends to use carrier phase DGPS for projects along the entire east coast of the United States. The paper discusses the experiences in three projects: Fernandina, Florida, and north to Brunswick, Georgia and Savannah, Georgia. The large range light towers on the approach to Fernandina with installed acoustic tide gauges provided vertical datum references for the GPS Tides Project, which enabled the offshore GPS measurement results to be bounded. The GPS Tides measurements in Georgia were unbounded; however, the mean tide levels are correlated with the Florida results. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Shannon, BF (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6552-6 PY 2000 BP 1159 EP 1174 PG 16 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BR32X UT WOS:000166107400180 ER PT B AU Ackeret, J Specht, D AF Ackeret, J Specht, D GP IEEE IEEE TI Handbook for datum transformations and coordinate conversions and GEOTRANS software SO OCEANS 2000 MTS/IEEE - WHERE MARINE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY MEET, VOLS 1-3, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans Conference and Exhibition on Where Marine Science and Technology Meet CY SEP 11-14, 2000 CL PROVIDENCE, RI SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, OES C1 Topog Engn Ctr, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. RP Ackeret, J (reprint author), Topog Engn Ctr, 7701 Teleg Rd, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6552-6 PY 2000 BP 1585 EP 1589 PG 5 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BR32X UT WOS:000166107400247 ER PT B AU Massie, DD Bailey, MB AF Massie, DD Bailey, MB BE Hirs, GG TI Optimization and fault evaluation of a building's cooling plant using neural networks SO OCOS 2000: FROM THERMO-ECONOMICS TO SUSTAINABILITY, PTS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Efficiency, Cost Optimisation, Simulation and Environmental Aspects of Energy and Process Systems CY JUL 05-07, 2000 CL UNIV TWENTE ENSCHEDE, TWENTE ENSCHEDE, NETHERLANDS SP ABB, Essent, EZH, Germeente Enschede, Novem, Shell, Siemens, Stork, Univ Twente HO UNIV TWENTE ENSCHEDE ID COLD-STORAGE; SYSTEM; DIAGNOSIS; MODELS AB Chillers are a common type of vapor compression refrigeration cycle (VCRC) equipment used to remove heat energy from buildings and are a major contributor to the cost of operating the building's cooling plant. This paper discusses the use of neural networks for minimizing the operating cost of the cooling plant and for fault detection of the chiller. An optimal neural network-based controller is developed for controlling a cooling plant, which utilizes thermal energy storage, for least cost and energy use, A neural network fault detection classifier has also been developed for reliable diagnosis of operational faults within the chiller. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Civil & Mech Engn, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Massie, DD (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Civil & Mech Engn, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIVERSITY TWENTE FACULTY EDUC SCI & TECHNOL PI 7522 NB ENSCHEDE PA DRIENERLOLAAN 5, 7522 NB ENSCHEDE, NETHERLANDS BN 90-36514-66-5 PY 2000 BP 941 EP 954 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BT04R UT WOS:000171764500078 ER PT S AU Kirsch, JC Jones, BK Kang, K AF Kirsch, JC Jones, BK Kang, K BE Casasent, DP Chao, TH TI Design and evaluation of a Multiple Quantum Well SLM based optical correlator SO OPTICAL PATTERN RECOGNITION XI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Pattern Recognition XI CY APR 26-27, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE spatial light modulator; multiple quantum well devices; electro-optical devices; optical correlator; automatic target recognition AB A vanderLugt correlator is under construction using two Sanders binary Multiple Quantum Well Spatial Light Modulators. This correlator is part of the U.S. Army Aviation & Missile Command's three-year program to evaluate the latest generation hardware available for image processing. The Sanders modulators offer extremely high frame rates that make them attractive for image processing applications. The limiting factor in this correlator will actually be the output detector rather than the spatial light modulator. The correlator will be evaluated using infrared imagery to determine its performance in a target cueing/target screening application. The results from these experiments as well as future plans will be presented. C1 USA, Aviat & Missile Command, AMSAM, RD,WS,PL, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Kirsch, JC (reprint author), USA, Aviat & Missile Command, AMSAM, RD,WS,PL, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3669-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4043 BP 66 EP 71 DI 10.1117/12.381620 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BQ19B UT WOS:000087421100008 ER PT S AU Jones, BK Kirsch, JC AF Jones, BK Kirsch, JC BE Casasent, DP Chao, TH TI Evaluation of a Multiple Quantum Well SLM SO OPTICAL PATTERN RECOGNITION XI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Pattern Recognition XI CY APR 26-27, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE spatial light modulator; quantum well devices; electro-optical devices ID SPATIAL LIGHT-MODULATOR AB Poor performance in key components has limited the development of optical target recognition systems. New components are now available, however, that exhibit size and speed characteristics compatible with image processing applications. The U.S. Army Aviation & Missile Command is well known for acquiring and testing a variety of spatial light modulators for image processing applications. We have recently acquired a pair of Sanders Multiple Quantum Well Spatial Light Modulators. These modulators will be evaluated in a manner similar to that used with previous modulators to determine contrast ratio, switching characteristics, optical efficiency, and residual phase modulation. The results of these measurements will be presented. C1 USA, Aviat & Missile Command, AMSAM, RD,WS,PL, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Jones, BK (reprint author), USA, Aviat & Missile Command, AMSAM, RD,WS,PL, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3669-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4043 BP 72 EP 79 DI 10.1117/12.381621 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BQ19B UT WOS:000087421100009 ER PT S AU Shoop, BL Das, PK Ressler, EK AF Shoop, BL Das, PK Ressler, EK BE Lessard, RA Galstian, T TI A novel approach to photonic A/D conversion based on a fully-connected, distributed mesh feedback architecture SO OPTICS IN COMPUTING 2000 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optics in Computing 2000 CY JUN 18-23, 2000 CL UNIV LAAVAL, QUEBEC CITY, CANADA SP Int Commiss Opt, Opt Soc Amer, SPIE, IEEE, Canadian Assoc Physicists HO UNIV LAAVAL DE photonic A/D conversion; analog-to-digital conversion; error diffusion; neural networks; smart pixels ID CONVERTERS AB A novel approach to photonic A/D conversion using a distributed neural network, oversampling techniques, and a smart pixel hardware implementation is described. In this approach, the input signal is first sampled at a rate higher than that required by the Nyquist criterion and then presented spatially as the input to a two-dimensional error diffusion neural network consisting of M x N neurons, each representing a pixel in the image space. The neural network processes the input oversampled analog image and produces an M x N pixel binary or halftoned output image. Decimation and low-pass filtering techniques, common to classical 1-D oversampling A/D converters, digitally sum and average the M x N pixel output binary image using high-speed digital electronic circuitry. By employing a two-dimensional smart pixel neural approach to oversampling A/D conversion, each pixel constitutes a simple oversampling modulator thereby producing a distributed A/D architecture. Spectral noise shaping across the array diffuses quantization error thereby improving overall signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) performance. Here, each quantizer within the network is embedded in a fully-connected, distributed mesh feedback loop which spectrally shapes the overall quantization noise thereby significantly reducing the effects of component mismatch typically associated with parallel or channelized A/D approaches. This 2-D neural approach provides higher aggregate bit fates which can extend the useful bandwidth of photonic-based, oversampling A/D converters. C1 US Mil Acad, Photon Res Ctr, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Shoop, BL (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Photon Res Ctr, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3732-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4089 BP 333 EP 344 DI 10.1117/12.386851 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Computer Science; Optics; Physics GA BQ55D UT WOS:000088745400043 ER PT J AU Horowitz, M Menyuk, CR AF Horowitz, M Menyuk, CR TI Analysis of pulse dropout in harmonically mode-locked fiber lasers by use of the Lyapunov method SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SOLITONS AB Using a stability analysis based on the Lyapunov method, we study pulse dropout in an actively mode-locked fiber laser. The analysis gives a limit on the maximum pulse duration and the minimum laser power that are needed for stable operation without pulse dropout. The stability of pulse trains was studied analytically and validated numerically for different pulse shapes. (C) 2000 Optical Society of America. C1 Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Elect Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Comp Sci & Elect Engn, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. USA, Res Lab, Lab Telecommun Sci, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Horowitz, M (reprint author), Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Elect Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD JAN 1 PY 2000 VL 25 IS 1 BP 40 EP 42 DI 10.1364/OL.25.000040 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 269PZ UT WOS:000084487900014 PM 18059775 ER PT S AU Zhou, WM Shen, H Ervin, MH Conrad, J Pamulapati, J AF Zhou, WM Shen, H Ervin, MH Conrad, J Pamulapati, J BE Park, YS Chen, RT TI Monolithically integrated semiconductor active and passive optical waveguide devices grown by selective epitaxy SO OPTOELECTRONIC INTEGRATED CIRCUITS IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optoelectronic Integrated Circuits IV CY JAN 26-27, 2000 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE photonic integrated circuits; monolithic integration; optical waveguide; selective epitaxy; selective area growth ID LASERS AB We report on a low-cost monolithic integration method for fabricating semiconductor photonic integrated circuits using selective epitaxy without regrowth. To build a photononic circuit, active and passive devices are required with different energy band gaps. Selective-area growth that uses a mask of parallel SiO2 strips on a substrate induces variations in epilayer thickness and composition that result in localized shifts of the band gag. From our photoluminescence measurements on such selectively grown InGaAsP/InP multiple quantum well-waveguide materials, a band gap shift above 100 meV has been observed. We developed a waveguide device processing technique for this kind of selective epitaxy material. A few combinations of integrated waveguide splitters, modulators, and amplifiers were designed and fabricated. To test each individual device, we designed a new measurement method which determines the insertion loss and the intrinsic waveguide loss for a device in the middle of an integrated system. Preliminary results indicate few dB gain for a 0.6 mm long amplifier and similar to 10 dB contrast for a modulator operating near 1550 nm. Based on the initial data, new quantum well layer and waveguide structures have been designed to improve the performance in our next-generation devices. C1 USA, Res Lab, Sensor & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Zhou, WM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Sensor & Electron Devices Directorate, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3567-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 3950 BP 118 EP 128 DI 10.1117/12.382153 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BQ27Z UT WOS:000087783700013 ER PT S AU Matkin, B AF Matkin, B BE Feldman, MR Li, RL Matkin, WB Tang, S TI Steered Agile Beams support for Army requirements SO OPTOELECTRONIC INTERCONNECTS VII; PHOTONICS PACKAGING AND INTEGRATION II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optoelectronic Interconnects VII; Photonics Packaging and Integration II CY JAN 24-26, 2000 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE STAB; Steered Agile Beams; target designation; target acquisition and tracking; laser communications AB Steered Agile Beam (STAB) technology is a revolutionary concept for the development and employment of laser devices that perform in a manner similar to phased array radar. In effect, a STAB device, like the phased array radar, will be able to transmit multiple beams simultaneously. This will permit STAB to acquire and track multiple objects simultaneously; a STAB device will be able to direct its laser beams in different directions without having to move the device. Consequently, STAB will be able to acquire, track, and communicate with multiple objects within its field-of-regard. There are several battlefield applications that would benefit significantly from STAB technology. Some of the tactical areas that may use STAB technology include communications, target designation, optical countermeasures, target acquisition and tracking, identification friend or foe, and battle damage assessment. The Defense Advanced Research Agency (DARPA) is sponsoring the STAB development program, and during the next few years will be evaluating the work of several contractors in bringing the technology to the user. C1 USA, Smart Weapons Management Off, Aviat & Missile Command, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Matkin, B (reprint author), USA, Smart Weapons Management Off, Aviat & Missile Command, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3569-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 3952 BP 4 EP 14 DI 10.1117/12.384407 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BQ23A UT WOS:000087646400001 ER PT J AU Syms, MJ Tsai, PD Holtel, MR AF Syms, MJ Tsai, PD Holtel, MR TI Sternal ossification masquerading as foreign bodies in the infant SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 101st Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Otolaryngology-Head-and-Neck-Surgery CY SEP 07-10, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Acad Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg ID MANAGEMENT; CHILDREN C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg Serv, Tripler AMC, HI 96859 USA. RP Syms, MJ (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg Serv, Tripler AMC, HI 96859 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 122 IS 1 BP 107 EP 109 DI 10.1016/S0194-5998(00)70154-9 PG 3 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 274LX UT WOS:000084768300021 PM 10629493 ER PT B AU Lunceford, WH AF Lunceford, WH BE Bruce, D Donatiello, L Turner, S TI Advanced Distributed Simulation: What we learned, where to go next SO PADS 2000: FOURTEENTH WORKSHOP ON PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED SIMULATION, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Workshop on Parallel and Distributed Simulation (PADS 2000) CY MAY 28-31, 2000 CL BOLOGNA UNIV, BOLOGNA, ITALY SP IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Simulat, ACM SIGSIM, Soc Comp Simulat HO BOLOGNA UNIV C1 USA, Model & Simulat Off, Arlington, VA USA. RP Lunceford, WH (reprint author), USA, Model & Simulat Off, Arlington, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-0677-1 PY 2000 BP 3 EP 3 DI 10.1109/PADS.2000.847138 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BQ52W UT WOS:000088652800001 ER PT S AU Stagg, A Hallberg, J Schmidt, J AF Stagg, A Hallberg, J Schmidt, J BE Rolim, J TI A parallel, adaptive refinement scheme for tetrahedral and triangular grids SO PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDP 2000) CY MAY 01-05, 2000 CL CANCUM, MEXICO SP IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Comm Parallel Process, ACM, SIGARCH AB A grid refinement scheme has been developed for tetrahedral and triangular grid-based calculations in message-passing environments. The element adaption scheme is based on edge bisection of elements marked for refinement by an appropriate error indicator. Hash table/linked list data structures are used to store nodal and element information. The grid along inter-processor boundaries is refined consistently with the update of these data structures via MPI calls. The parallel adaption scheme has been applied to the solution of an unsteady, three-dimensional, nonlinear, groundwater flow problem. Timings indicate efficiency of the grid refinement process relative to the flow solver calculations. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Appl Phys Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Stagg, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Appl Phys Div, POB 1663,MS P365, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-67442-X J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2000 VL 1800 BP 512 EP 518 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BT03M UT WOS:000171729800063 ER PT B AU Sahu, J Heavey, KR Pressel, DM AF Sahu, J Heavey, KR Pressel, DM BE Keyes, DE Ecer, A Periaux, J Satofuka, N TI Parallel performance of a zonal Navier-Stokes code on a missile flowfield SO PARALLEL COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS: TOWARDS TERAFLOPS, OPTIMIZATION, AND NOVEL FORMULATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Parallel Computational Fluid Dynamics (Parallel CFD 99) CY MAY 23-26, 1999 CL WILLIAMSBURG, VA SP USA, Res Off, IBM Corp, NASA, Natl Sci Fdn, SE Univ Res Assoc AB While in theory parallel computing can produce very high levels of performance, it remains clear that for several reasons the track record for parallel computing has been inconsistent. Some of these reasons are: (1) parallel systems are difficult to program, (2) performance gains are failing to live up to expectations, (3) many of the current generation of RISC-based parallel computers have delivered low levels of performance. This paper discusses the highly innovative techniques that were used to overcome all of these obstacles. A time-marching, Navier-Stokes code, successfully used over a decade for projectile aerodynamics, was chosen as a test case and optimized to run on modern RISC-based parallel computers. As part of the validation process, the parallelized version of the code has been used to compute the three-dimensional (3-D) turbulent supersonic flow over a generic, ogive-cylinder, missile configuration. These results were compared to those obtained with the original version of the code on a Cray C-90. Considerable performance gain was achieved by the optimization of the serial code on a single processor. Parallelization of the optimized serial code, which uses loop-level parallelism, led to additional gains in performance. Recent runs on a 128-processor Origin 2000 have produced speedups in the range of 10-26 over that achieved when using a single processor on a Cray C-90. The parallelized code was then used to compute the turbulent flow over various projectile configurations at transonic and supersonic speeds. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Sahu, J (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-444-82851-6 PY 2000 BP 355 EP 362 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BS93Q UT WOS:000171438000040 ER PT B AU Celmins, A AF Celmins, A BE Whalen, T TI Classification by attribute evaluation SO PEACHFUZZ 2000 : 19TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE NORTH AMERICAN FUZZY INFORMATION PROCESSING SOCIETY - NAFIPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference of the North-American-Fuzzy-Information-Processing-Society CY JUL 13-15, 2000 CL ATLANTA, GA SP N Amer Fuzzy Informat Proc Soc DE classification; decision function; assessment fusing AB We consider a classification of objects by combining classification estimates that are derived from attributes of each object. These estimates are modelled as fuzzy sets and are combined with the help of a decision function into an output fuzzy set that represents the overall assessment of the object. A final linguistic classification is obtained by comparing the output of the decision function with target classes. Possible applications of the described classification procedure include target recognition from approximate sensor inputs, triage procedures and diagnostics in medical praxis, risk assessments, foreign document classification, and other problems were classification requires a combination of uncertain judgements from heterogeneous sources. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Celmins, A (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6274-8 PY 2000 BP 123 EP 127 DI 10.1109/NAFIPS.2000.877402 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BQ89L UT WOS:000089942800023 ER PT J AU Rohrbaugh, DK Durst, HD Rossman, DI Munavalli, S AF Rohrbaugh, DK Durst, HD Rossman, DI Munavalli, S TI Formation and GC-MS characterization of unusual cyclic sulfides SO PHOSPHORUS SULFUR AND SILICON AND THE RELATED ELEMENTS LA English DT Article DE cyclohexene episulfide; thiirane ring cleavage; unusual cyclic sulfides; trifluoromethylthiocopper; thiyl radical ID S-S BONDS; C-S; BIS(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)TRISULFIDE; DISULFIDES; THIIRANES; OLEFINS AB In connection with another project involving the cleavage of the thiirane ring of cyclohexene episulfide in the presence of trifluoromethylthiocopper, the presence of several unusual cyclic sulfides (5-10, Fig. 1) was observed both in the reaction product and the starting material itself. The formation of these compounds has been rationalized on the presence and participation of the thiyl radical species. Details pertaining to their formation and characterization based on their mass spectral fragmentation behavior are presented in this communication. C1 Geocenters Inc, Gunpowder Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. USA, Edgewood Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Munavalli, S (reprint author), Geocenters Inc, Gunpowder Branch, POB 68, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1042-6507 J9 PHOSPHORUS SULFUR JI Phosphorus Sulfur Silicon Relat. Elem. PY 2000 VL 159 BP 195 EP 203 DI 10.1080/10426500008043661 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 333PG UT WOS:000088138000016 ER PT J AU Hirayama, J Wagner, SJ Gomez, C Macdonald, VW Abe, H Ikeda, H Ikebuchi, K Sekiguchi, S AF Hirayama, J Wagner, SJ Gomez, C Macdonald, VW Abe, H Ikeda, H Ikebuchi, K Sekiguchi, S TI Virus photoinactivation in stroma-free hemoglobin with methylene blue or 1,9-dimethylmethylene blue SO PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHOTOSENSITIZATION AB Photoinactivation of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) in stroma-free hemoglobin (SFH) was carried out using methylene blue (MB) or 19-dimethylmethylene blue (DMMB). The VSV was more sensitive to inactivation by 660 nn light with 1 mu M DMMB than with the same concentration of MB. Under conditions that inactivated 6 log,, of VSV, the methemoglobin content (Met-Hb[%]) and P-50 of hemoglobin were changed by 1 mu M MB phototreatment but were not changed by 1 mu M DMMB phototreatment. The migration of hemoglobin during electophoresis and the activity of superoxide dismutase were? not changed by NIB or DMMB phototreatment. In contrast to the results obtained with DMME at 660 mm, 580 mm irradiation of SFH with DMMB resulted in a significant increase of Mel-Nb(%) under conditions that only inactivated 1.19 log(10) VSV. The 580 mn irradiation primarily activates the dimer and higher-order aggregates of the dyes, while 660 nm irradiation primarily activates the monomer, These results indicate that the monomer form of DMMB can effectively inactivate viruses without damage to SFH. C1 Hokkaido Red Cross Blood Ctr, Nishi Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 063, Japan. Amer Res Cross Blood Serv, Jerome H Holland Lab, Prod Dev Dept, Rockville, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC USA. RP Hirayama, J (reprint author), Hokkaido Red Cross Blood Ctr, Nishi Ku, Yamanote 2-2, Sapporo, Hokkaido 063, Japan. NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PHOTOBIOLOGY PI AUGUSTA PA BIOTECH PARK, 1021 15TH ST, SUITE 9, AUGUSTA, GA 30901-3158 USA SN 0031-8655 J9 PHOTOCHEM PHOTOBIOL JI Photochem. Photobiol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 71 IS 1 BP 90 EP 93 DI 10.1562/0031-8655(2000)071<0090:VPISFH>2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 275MW UT WOS:000084824800012 PM 10649894 ER PT S AU Simonis, GJ Pollehn, H Sztankay, G Wood, G Pamulapati, J Mait, J AF Simonis, GJ Pollehn, H Sztankay, G Wood, G Pamulapati, J Mait, J BE Brown, GJ Razeghi, M TI Optoelectronics research at the Army Research Laboratory SO PHOTODETECTORS: MATERIALS AND DEVICES V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Photodetectors - Materials and Devices V CY JAN 26-28, 2000 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE optoelectronics; IR materials; focal plane array; cascade laser; optoelectronic interconnect; ladar; diffractive optics; nonlinear optics ID EXCITONIC OPTICAL NONLINEARITIES; INTERBAND CASCADE LASERS; MULTIPLE-QUANTUM WELLS; ELEMENTS; ABSORPTION; EPITAXY; GROWTH; DESIGN; STRAIN AB The Army Research Laboratory (ARL) conducts a broad-based optoelectronics R & D program that addresses a number of Army applications. This program covers the full range of activities from basic materials development to component development and integration into higher levels of optoelectronic functionality This paper addresses technology areas of interest to ARL including infrared detection and imaging, infrared sources, ladar, multifunction optoelectronic integration, diffractive optics, optoelectronic interconnects/processing, waveguide integrated optics, wide bandgap optoelectronics, and nonlinear optics. These areas represent a cross section of the work conducted in the Sensors and Electron Devices Directorate (SEDD) of ARL. Space does not allow comprehensive discussion of the R & D program each of these technology thrust areas, but references are provided in each case so that the interested reader can pursue each of these topics further. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, SE,EM, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Simonis, GJ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, SE,EM, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3565-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 3948 BP 2 EP 16 DI 10.1117/12.382117 PG 15 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BQ18U UT WOS:000087385100001 ER PT S AU Carrano, JC Li, T Collins, C Beck, AL Wang, SL Yang, B Lambert, DJH Eiting, CJ Dupuis, RD Campbell, JC Wraback, M Shen, HP Schurman, MJ Ferguson, IT AF Carrano, JC Li, T Collins, C Beck, AL Wang, SL Yang, B Lambert, DJH Eiting, CJ Dupuis, RD Campbell, JC Wraback, M Shen, HP Schurman, MJ Ferguson, IT BE Brown, GJ Razeghi, M TI High-performance GaN/AlGaN-based ultraviolet photodetectors SO PHOTODETECTORS: MATERIALS AND DEVICES V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Photodetectors - Materials and Devices V CY JAN 26-28, 2000 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE photodetectors; GaN; ultraviolet (UV); quantum efficiency; time response; avalanche gain; p-i-n; solar-blind ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; P-TYPE GAN; DIFFUSION LENGTH; GROWTH; PHOTODIODES; BREAKDOWN; LIFETIME AB The detection of light in the ultraviolet (UV) portion of the electromagnetic spectrum is critical to a number of applications. Until very recently, the primary means of light detection in the UV was with either silicon photodiodes or photomultiplier tubes. both of which have serious drawbacks. With the advent of optoelectronic devices fabricated in the ternary alloy of AlGaN, the possibility exists to produce high-performance solid-state photodetector arrays sensitive to the visible-blind and solar-blind regions of the spectrum. In this paper, we discuss recent advances in the area of ultraviolet photodetectors fabricated on GaN and AlGaN. Various device structures (including MSM and p-i-n) are presented, and their peculiar characteristics discussed in terms of responsivity, dark current, gain, temporal response, and frequency response. Models describing the current transport mechanisms and the quantum efficiencies of these photodiodes are discussed. Special emphasis is given to novel device structures that improve on the temporal, spectral, and electrical characteristics of AlGaN-based photodiodes. Specifically, results for a transparent recessed-window p-i-n device, and a semi-transparent electrode device structure are described. Finally, the results of a separate absorption, charge, and multiplication avalanche photodetector (SACM APD) are presented. This device structure resulted in a stable gain of >10 at a reverse bias of similar to 40 V. C1 US Mil Acad, Photon Res Ctr, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Carrano, JC (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Photon Res Ctr, W Point, NY 10996 USA. OI Beck, Ariane/0000-0002-8622-8377 NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3565-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 3948 BP 250 EP 264 DI 10.1117/12.382125 PG 15 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BQ18U UT WOS:000087385100024 ER PT S AU Wraback, M Shen, H Kung, P Razeghi, M Carrano, JC Li, T Campbell, JC AF Wraback, M Shen, H Kung, P Razeghi, M Carrano, JC Li, T Campbell, JC BE Brown, GJ Razeghi, M TI Ultraviolet detector materials and devices studied by femtosecond nonlinear optical techniques SO PHOTODETECTORS: MATERIALS AND DEVICES V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Photodetectors - Materials and Devices V CY JAN 26-28, 2000 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE femtosecond; time-resolved; reflectivity; transmission; electroabsorption; GaN; AlGaN; lifetime; dynamics; electron velocity ID LATERAL EPITAXIAL OVERGROWTH; MONTE-CARLO CALCULATION; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; ZONE BAND-STRUCTURE; HIGH-SPEED; WURTZITE GAN; ELECTRON-TRANSPORT; ALXGA1-XN ALLOYS; BULK ZINCBLENDE; SELECTIVE-AREA AB Femtosecond nonlinear optical techniques have been employed in the study of carrier dynamics and transport in ultraviolet detector materials. Visible femtosecond pulses derived from the signal beam of a 250 kHz regenerative amplifier-pumped optical parametric amplifier were frequency doubled to obtain pulses tunable from 250 nm to 375 nm. Time-resolved reflectivity experiments indicate that the room-temperature carrier lifetime in GaN grown by double lateral epitaxial overgrowth (330 ps) is about 3 times longer than that of GaN grown on sapphire without benefit of this technique (130 ps). The electron velocity-field characteristic and saturation velocity in GaN have been obtained from time-resolved studies of electroabsorption in a GaN p-i-n diode. The peak steady-state velocity of 2.9x10(7) cm/s in this device occurs at 225 kV/cm. Time-reserved transmission measurements have been used to monitor ultrafast carrier relaxation phenomena in a thin AlGaN layer with bandgap in the solar blind region of the spectrum. Excitation intensity and wavelength dependent studies of the photoinduced bleaching decays suggest that they are primarily governed by trapping in a high density of sub-bandgap defect levels. C1 USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, AMSRL,SE,EM, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Wraback, M (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, AMSRL,SE,EM, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3565-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 3948 BP 352 EP 362 DI 10.1117/12.382137 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BQ18U UT WOS:000087385100034 ER PT S AU Goff, JR AF Goff, JR BE Yin, S Yu, FT TI Bragg diffraction of colliding spatial photorefractive solitons in SBN SO PHOTOREFRACTIVE FIBER AND CRYSTAL DEVICES: MATERIALS, OPTICAL PROPERTIES, AND APPLICATIONS VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Photorefractive Fiber and Crystal Devices - Materials, Optical Properties, and Applications VI CY JUL 30-31, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE photorefractive; soliton; grating; optical; interconnect ID SCREENING SOLITONS; CRYSTALS AB The use of spatial solitons to effect optical interconnects is being actively studied by a number of researchers. Perhaps unjustifiably overlooked in this work is the formation of a grating where two solitons intersect, and the diversion of light into a new path through the resulting Bragg diffraction. An experiment is conducted in which solitons, formed from two mutually coherent argon beams, collide at an angle of several degrees in the Strontium Barium Niobate (SBN-60) crystal. Up to 35% of the intensity of one beam is transferred into the other; if one beam is interrupted, a significant rise or drop in intensity is observed in the other. Using the two solitons, the control over their paths, and the exchange of information between them at their intersection, an interconnect system is established. Experimental and theoretical results pertinent to these concepts are presented, and a possible interconnection system based on these ideas is discussed. C1 Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Goff, JR (reprint author), Army Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3755-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4110 BP 112 EP 122 DI 10.1117/12.404772 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BR57Y UT WOS:000166853500015 ER PT S AU Yang, RQ Bradshaw, JL Bruno, JD Pham, JT Wortman, DE AF Yang, RQ Bradshaw, JL Bruno, JD Pham, JT Wortman, DE BE Binder, RH Blood, P Osinski, M TI Recent advances in type-II interband cascade lasers SO PHYSICS AND SIMULATION OF OPTOELECTRONIC DEVICES VIII, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Physics and Simulation of Optoelectronic Devices VIII CY JAN 24-28, 2000 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE ID QUANTUM-WELLS; EFFICIENCY AB Interband cascade (IC) lasers are a new class of mid-IR light sources, which take advantage of the broken-gap alignment in type-II quantum wells to reuse electrons for sequential photon emissions from serially connected active regions. Here, we describe recent advances in InAs/GaInSb type-II IC lasers at emission wavelengths of 3.6-4 mum; these semiconductor lasers have exhibited significantly higher differential quantum efficiencies and peak powers than previously reported. Low threshold current densities (e.g., similar to 56 A/cm(2) at 80 K) and power efficiency exceeding 9% were observed from a mesa-stripe laser in cw operation. Also, these lasers were able to operate at temperatures up to 250 K in pulsed mode and to 120 K in cw mode. We observed from several devices at temperatures above 80 K a slope efficiency of similar to 800 mW/A per facet, corresponding to a differential external quantum efficiency of similar to 500%. Peak optical output powers exceeding 4 W per facet were observed from several type-II IC lasers at 80 K. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Yang, RQ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3561-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 3944 BP 335 EP 344 DI 10.1117/12.391437 PN 1&2 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BR32Y UT WOS:000166107500033 ER PT J AU Fraser, ME Panagiotou, T Hunter, AJR Anderson, EB Davis, SJ Braybrooke, G Hay, KJ AF Fraser, ME Panagiotou, T Hunter, AJR Anderson, EB Davis, SJ Braybrooke, G Hay, KJ TI Fugitive emission measurements above a hard chromium plating tank using spark-induced breakdown spectroscopy (SIBS) SO PLATING AND SURFACE FINISHING LA English DT Article ID NASAL-SEPTUM LESIONS; ELECTROPLATING FACTORIES; OCCUPATIONAL ASTHMA; EXPOSURE; WORKERS; LEAD AB This paper presents the results of total chromium fugitive emissions measurements above a hard chromium electroplating tank at the Marine Corps Logistics Base (MCLB) in Albany, GA. The measurements were made using OSHA Draft Method ID-215 and a newly developed realtime monitor based on spark-induced breakdown spectroscopy (SIBS), The SIBS monitor acquired data on a five-sec time scale and was used to survey the total chromium concentrations above the plating bath surface over a range of ventilation rates in conjunction with operation of an experimental liquid recirculation system. The SIBS-measured concentrations varied from <10 mu g/m(3) (the lower limit of detection) to >1000 mu g/m(3). The measured concentrations were well correlated to distance from the plating bath surface, smoke test indications of poorly ventilated areas and ventilation flow rate, The SIBS data quantitatively agree with simultaneous internal filter results and with the OSHA-approved air sampling filter measurements. These results indicate the SIBS monitor is capable of industrial hygiene monitoring of chromium in a plating environment. C1 Mission Res Corp, Nashua, NH 03062 USA. Phys Sci Inc, Andover, MA 01810 USA. USA, Construct Engn Res Lab, Ind Operat Div, Champaign, IL 61824 USA. RP Fraser, ME (reprint author), Mission Res Corp, 1 Tara Blvd,Suite 302, Nashua, NH 03062 USA. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ELECTROPLATERS SOC INC PI ORLANDO PA 12644 RESEARCH PKWY, ORLANDO, FL 32826-3298 USA SN 0360-3164 J9 PLAT SURF FINISH JI Plat. Surf. Finish. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 87 IS 1 BP 80 EP + PG 6 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA 273UU UT WOS:000084726900017 ER PT S AU Howe, JD Miller, MA Blumer, RV Petty, TE Stevens, MA Teale, DM Smith, MH AF Howe, JD Miller, MA Blumer, RV Petty, TE Stevens, MA Teale, DM Smith, MH BE Chenault, DB Duggin, MJ Egan, WG Goldstein, DH TI Polarization sensing for target acquisition and mine detection SO POLARIZATION ANALYSIS, MEASUREMENT, AND REMOTE SENSING III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Polarization Analysis, Measurement, and Remote Sensing III CY AUG 02-04, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE, Remote Sensing Soc DE passive MWIR polarimetry; SWIR polarimetry; mine detection; polarimetric calibration; imaging polarimetry; active polarization ID SPECTROPOLARIMETRY AB Previous infrared polarization imaging research has shown manmade objects to be sources of emitted and reflected polarized radiation while natural backgrounds are predominantly unpolarized. The prior work underscored the dramatic improvements in signal to clutter ratio that could be achieved in a typical target acquisition scenario using polarization sensing techniques. Initial investigations into the polarization signatures of surface scattered mines have also shown polarization techniques are able to provide strong cues to mine presence. The US Army Night Vision and Electronics Sensors Directorate has developed complete Stokes imaging polarimeters in the midwave infrared (MWIR 3-5 mum)(1,2), the short wave infrared (SWIR, 1-2 mum) and the visible wavebands in order to investigate polarization phenomenology and to quantify expected improvements to target acquisition and mine detection. This paper will review the designs of the polarization cameras and will summarize efforts to calibrate them. An example phenomenology study of MWIR polarization from surface scattered landmines will be presented. C1 USA, CECOM, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Howe, JD (reprint author), USA, CECOM, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 8 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3778-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4133 BP 202 EP 213 DI 10.1117/12.406627 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BR58B UT WOS:000166853900021 ER PT J AU Gibson, PW AF Gibson, PW TI Effect of temperature on water vapor transport through polymer membrane laminates SO POLYMER TESTING LA English DT Article ID RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; AIR PERMEABILITY; RESISTANCE; TEXTILES; FILMS AB This paper determines the extent to which the water vapor transport properties of nine different polymer membranes and membrane/textile laminates are affected by temperature. A particular test method, the Dynamic Moisture Permeation Cell (DMPC), is ideally suited for this type of study, owing to its complete control over the humidity and gas flow rate on the two sides of the test sample, and the ability to control the temperature of the test system. This allows temperature-dependent effects to be separated from concentration-dependent effects on mass transfer phenomena. The DMPC permits the experimenter to explore the temperature dependence of the diffusion behavior at different points on the vapor sorption isotherm of the hydrophilic polymer component of a polymer film or membrane laminate. Temperature effects are shown to be much less important than concentration-dependent effects in a hydrophilic polymer layer. Observed changes in water vapor Aux at different temperatures are primarily due to the relationship between temperature and the saturation vapor pressure of water, and not to intrinsic changes in polymer permeability. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USA, Soldier Syst Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Gibson, PW (reprint author), USA, Soldier Syst Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. EM pgibson@natick-amed02.army.mil RI Gibson, Phillip/D-2398-2010 OI Gibson, Phillip/0000-0002-6172-4438 NR 19 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-9418 J9 POLYM TEST JI Polym. Test PY 2000 VL 19 IS 6 BP 673 EP 691 DI 10.1016/S0142-9418(99)00040-9 PG 19 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 325UD UT WOS:000087694100008 ER PT J AU Kalyanaraman, RK Yoo, SH Krupashanakara, MS Sudarshan, TS Dowding, RJ AF Kalyanaraman, RK Yoo, SH Krupashanakara, MS Sudarshan, TS Dowding, RJ TI Novel technique for synthesis and consolidation of aluminium nitride nanopowders SO POWDER METALLURGY LA English DT Article ID POWDER AB In this paper, the use of a microwave plasma method for the synthesis of aluminium nitride nanopowders is described. The powders were consolidated to near theoretical densities using the unique rapid consolidation technique, plasma pressure consolidation ((PC)-C-2), developed by MMI. Rapid consolidation of nanopowders is an ideal requirement for better mechanical and thermal properties in the consolidated part, as it retains the fine microstructure preventing anomalous grain growth. Microwave plasma synthesis resulted in aluminium nitride nanopowders (85-200 nm), which were consolidated to near theoretical density using (PC)-C-2 in <5 min without sintering additives. The effect of yttria (3 wt-%) as a sintering additive on the thermal conductivity (TC) of aluminium nitride was also evaluated and compared with TC values obtained from additive free AIN consolidated samples. C1 Mat Modificat Inc, Fairfax, VA 22031 USA. USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Kalyanaraman, RK (reprint author), Mat Modificat Inc, 2721-D Merrilee Dr, Fairfax, VA 22031 USA. RI Dowding, Robert/F-1469-2015 OI Dowding, Robert/0000-0002-4763-2131 NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU I O M COMMUNICATIONS LTD INST MATERIALS PI LONDON PA 1 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5DB, ENGLAND SN 0032-5899 J9 POWDER METALL JI Powder Metall. PY 2000 VL 43 IS 4 BP 380 EP 385 DI 10.1179/003258900666122 PG 6 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 394VR UT WOS:000166544400033 ER PT S AU Miller, BE Levick, LR Lane, LJ Steger, RD AF Miller, BE Levick, LR Lane, LJ Steger, RD GP IECA IECA IECA TI Organizing new methods for erosion and sedimentation monitoring and control SO PROCEEDINGS OF CONFERENCE 31 - INTERNATIONAL EROSION CONTROL ASSOCIATION SE INTERNATIONAL EROSION CONTROL ASSOCIATION - PROCEEDINGS OF CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Annual Conference of the International-Erosion-Control-Association CY FEB 21-25, 2000 CL PALM SPRINGS, CA SP Int Eros Control Assoc, Terra Mulch, Synthet Ind DE erosion; sedimentation; military lands AB Historic and continuing land uses at the U.S. Army's Fort Carson and the Pinon Canyon Maneuver Site (PCMS) may degrade training lands and cause erosion and increased sediment loading of local waters. A team of experts from the U.S. Geological Survey, the USDA Agricultural Research Service's Southwest Watershed Research Center, and two offices of the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service is identifying methods and projects that can be used by Army land managers to evaluate the Army's potential contribution to the regional sediment pollution problem. Projects include site reclamation to control erosion and sediment transport; monitoring of stream flow, climate, and sediment concentrations; prediction of soil erosion; and assessment of rangeland health. Although the team has coordinated several agency projects and improved the overall approach to erosion and sedimentation monitoring and control, new research and technology will ensure additional progress in the future. This will include quantifying the impacts of military land use and training activities and maintaining this information in databases to enable the development of measurement techniques and indicators of ecosystem status, change and damage. Integrated information systems are required to combine the power of modern databases, simulation modeling, and expert judgment in designing and evaluating erosion control measures in terms of erosion and sediment transport processes. Because environmental concerns do not conform to political or administrative boundaries, the Army/ARS/USGS/NRCS team shares ideas and resources to provide both the Army and the regional community with responsible environmental management. Fort Carson's multidisciplinary team adopts the challenge of change, demonstrates new directions in managing highly complex challenges, and validates the federal government's effectiveness and ability to be efficient. C1 USA, Ft Carson Mil Reservat, Directorate Environm Compliance & Management, Ft Carson, CO 80913 USA. RP Miller, BE (reprint author), USA, Ft Carson Mil Reservat, Directorate Environm Compliance & Management, 801 Tevis St, Ft Carson, CO 80913 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT EROSION CONTROL ASSOC PI STEAMBOAT SPRINGS PA PO BOX 4904, STEAMBOAT SPRINGS, CO 80477 USA SN 1092-2806 J9 IECA P CONF PY 2000 BP 29 EP 37 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Geological; Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA BR53V UT WOS:000166733400003 ER PT S AU Sharif, M Riggins, RE AF Sharif, M Riggins, RE GP IECA IECA IECA TI Technology selection for erosion control vegetation and structures SO PROCEEDINGS OF CONFERENCE 31 - INTERNATIONAL EROSION CONTROL ASSOCIATION SE INTERNATIONAL EROSION CONTROL ASSOCIATION - PROCEEDINGS OF CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Annual Conference of the International-Erosion-Control-Association CY FEB 21-25, 2000 CL PALM SPRINGS, CA SP Int Eros Control Assoc, Terra Mulch, Synthet Ind DE VegSpec; SECSPEC; erosion control; bio-physical erosion control; critical area rehabilitation AB The World Wide Web offers unprecedented opportunities for access to technical information. This paper describes two information systems under development to provide direct and easy access to guidance, information and analysis tools that can be used in support of land rehabilitation and maintenance activities. The first system, VegSpec, is a cooperative development effort between the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, the Natural Resources Conservation Service, and the U.S. Geological Survey. VegSpec is operational and available to the public, free of charge, over the web. Version 2.0 of VegSpec provides a list of recommended vegetation species based on user input about site conditions and management objectives. Upgrades to provide additional guidance in the form of seedbed preparation, soil amendments, planting methods, etc., are in progress. The second system, SEDSPEC, is under development by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Designed to be a complimentary system to VegSpec, SEDSPEC provides guidance, technical information and analysis tools to support the selection of the most efficient and effective technology for structural erosion control. SEDSPEC is also a web-based information system. The initial version of SEDSPEC provides technical information about planning, design, construction and maintenance considerations that can be used to identify the best solutions to erosion control problems. A unique feature of SEDSPEC is the capability to input information directly from the field about lessons learned from field experiences. The technical database will grow continuously over ti me. A technology selection model will be added in 2000. SEDSPEC is oriented towards applications for military land management but will support wider applications throughout the erosion control industry. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Construct Engn Res Lab, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. RP Sharif, M (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Construct Engn Res Lab, POB 9005, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT EROSION CONTROL ASSOC PI STEAMBOAT SPRINGS PA PO BOX 4904, STEAMBOAT SPRINGS, CO 80477 USA SN 1092-2806 J9 IECA P CONF PY 2000 BP 149 EP 154 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Geological; Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA BR53V UT WOS:000166733400013 ER PT S AU DePasquale, AJ Leatherman, D Thomas, R AF DePasquale, AJ Leatherman, D Thomas, R GP IECA IECA IECA TI Geocell wall and channel protection for US Army Corps flood control project SO PROCEEDINGS OF CONFERENCE 31 - INTERNATIONAL EROSION CONTROL ASSOCIATION SE INTERNATIONAL EROSION CONTROL ASSOCIATION - PROCEEDINGS OF CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Annual Conference of the International-Erosion-Control-Association CY FEB 21-25, 2000 CL PALM SPRINGS, CA SP Int Eros Control Assoc, Terra Mulch, Synthet Ind DE stabilization; geocell; erosion; streambank AB The Molly Ann's Brook Flood Protection Project is located in Paterson, Haledon, and Prospect Park, New Jersey. The brook is a tributary of the Passaic River and flows through an urban area. Communities along the 2.5 mile stretch of the brook have been subject to repetitive flooding due to inadequate channel capacity. The project was designed and constructed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Philadelphia District. The deeper and wider chan nel provides complete protection from flooding up to a 50-year event. The chan nel varies throughout the project from a trapezoidal riprap section to a rectangular section formed by precast concrete walls. Waits were required due to limited space and proximity of structures along the brook. In two areas the Corps opted to utilize innovative alternatives to the conventional riprap, gabions, and concrete retaining walls. The first alternate, the Presto perforated Geoweb Cellular Confinement System, also named a geocell system, was used to construct a 14 foot high, 400 foot long gravity wall. This wall was used to replace a more expensive reinforced concrete retaining wall. The design and construction phases were complicated by an undulating bedrock surface. The aesthetics and environment were improved by using tan colored material on the face of the first exposed cell and planting vines in the cell. The use of the geocell wall in a flood protection project was unprecedented for the Corps of Engineers. The second alternate was a single 4 inch layer of perforated geocell filled with low slump concrete. It was used to replace a 54 inch thick riprap layer, which was necessary due to high flow velocities and shear stresses at a critical bend in the brook. The use of the geocell system saved over $80,000 in the two areas. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Cherry Hill, NJ 08002 USA. RP DePasquale, AJ (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Philadelphia Dist,114 Maine Ave, Cherry Hill, NJ 08002 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT EROSION CONTROL ASSOC PI STEAMBOAT SPRINGS PA PO BOX 4904, STEAMBOAT SPRINGS, CO 80477 USA SN 1092-2806 J9 IECA P CONF PY 2000 BP 231 EP 237 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Geological; Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA BR53V UT WOS:000166733400020 ER PT B AU Zwick, H Stuck, BE Elliott, WR Lund, DJ Schuschereba, ST Li, G AF Zwick, H Stuck, BE Elliott, WR Lund, DJ Schuschereba, ST Li, G BE Gandjbakhiche, AH TI An animal model for in-vivo characterization of laser induced retinal cellular pathology and recovery processes SO PROCEEDINGS OF INTER-INSTITUTE WORKSHOP ON IN VIVO OPTICAL IMAGING AT THE NIH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Inter-Institute Workshop on In Vivo Optical Imaging CY SEP 16-17, 1999 CL NIH, BETHESDA, MD SP NICHHD, NCI, NHLBI, NINDS, Off Res Woman Hlth, Opt Soc Amer, Hamamatsu, ISS Inc, Zeiss HO NIH ID LIGHT AB In the high numerical aperture eye of the snake, the photoreceptor matrix can be imaged in vivo under anesthetized conditions, providing a unique capability to image acute photic damage effects on photoreceptor and anterior retinal blood cell dynamics in response to retinal laser injury. New insights into photic damage and neural repair mechanisms become available from such in vivo cellular observations. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, US Army Med Res Detachment, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Zwick, H (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, US Army Med Res Detachment, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA BN 1-55752-653-2 PY 2000 BP 31 EP 37 PG 7 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Microscopy; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Microscopy; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BT68M UT WOS:000173724500006 ER PT S AU Khan, A Ballato, A AF Khan, A Ballato, A GP IEEE IEEE TI Lateral field excitation predictions for plates of langasite and isomorphs driven in simple thickness modes SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2000 IEEE/EIA INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM & EXHIBITION SE IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/EIA International Frequency Control Symposium and Exhibition CY JUN 07-09, 2000 CL KANSAS CITY, MO SP IEEE, Ultrason, Ferroelect, & Frequency Control Soc, EIA Electr Components Assemblies & Mat Assoc AB Lateral-field-excitation calculations have been carried out for several members of the langasite family, using the extended Christoffel-Bechmann method. Calculations were made using published materials constants. The results are presented in terms of the lateral piezoelectric coupling coefficients: as functions of in-plane (azimuthal) rotation angle for the three simple thickness vibration modes of some non-rotated, singly rotated and doubly rotated orientations. Results are compared and contrasted between materials and to thickness-field-excitation. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 0-7803-5838-4; 0-7803-5839-2 J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2000 BP 180 EP 183 DI 10.1109/FREQ.2000.887350 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BR19M UT WOS:000165838900029 ER PT S AU Kosinski, JA AF Kosinski, JA GP IEEE IEEE TI Theory and design of crystal oscillators immune to acceleration: Present state of the art SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2000 IEEE/EIA INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM & EXHIBITION SE IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/EIA International Frequency Control Symposium and Exhibition CY JUN 07-09, 2000 CL KANSAS CITY, MO SP IEEE, Ultrason, Ferroelect, & Frequency Control Soc, EIA Electr Components Assemblies & Mat Assoc ID FUNDAMENTAL LIMITS; QUARTZ RESONATORS; SENSITIVITY AB Theoretical and experimental results on the acceleration sensitivity of quartz crystal oscillators were consolidated in Filler's benchmark review paper published in the May 1988 Special Issue on Frequency Control, Part II of the IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control. Since that time, a large body of additional work has been produced. This paper will review those developments from the perspective of oscillator design. Areas of direct interest for oscillator design include equivalent circuit models, oscillator circuit interactions, and vibration compensation techniques, along with a clear and concise summary of the state-of-the-art in low acceleration sensitivity resonator design. C1 USA, CECOM, Ft Monmouth, NJ USA. RP USA, CECOM, Ft Monmouth, NJ USA. NR 108 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 0-7803-5838-4; 0-7803-5839-2 J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2000 BP 260 EP 268 DI 10.1109/FREQ.2000.887364 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BR19M UT WOS:000165838900043 ER PT S AU Ballato, A AF Ballato, A GP IEEE IEEE TI Extended Christoffel-Bechmann elastic wave formalism for piezoelectric, dielectric media SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2000 IEEE/EIA INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM & EXHIBITION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/EIA International Frequency Control Symposium and Exhibition CY JUN 07-09, 2000 CL KANSAS CITY, MO SP IEEE, Ultrason, Ferroelect, & Frequency Control Soc, EIA Electr Components Assemblies & Mat Assoc AB Christoffel's efficient method of determining acoustic plane wave speeds for arbitrary propagation directions in a dielectric crystal was extended to piezoelectric media by Bechmann. The C-B method is outlined, and extended further to the case of lateral excitation. C1 USA, CECOM, Ft Monmouth, NJ USA. RP Ballato, A (reprint author), USA, CECOM, Ft Monmouth, NJ USA. NR 21 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 0-7803-5839-2 J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2000 BP 340 EP 344 DI 10.1109/FREQ.2000.887378 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BR19M UT WOS:000165838900057 ER PT S AU Kosinski, JA Pastore, RA Yang, JS AF Kosinski, JA Pastore, RA Yang, JS GP IEEE IEEE TI Implications of in-plane stretch and thickness compression coupled to flexure on the lower bound of BAW acceleration sensitivity SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2000 IEEE/EIA INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM & EXHIBITION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/EIA International Frequency Control Symposium and Exhibition CY JUN 07-09, 2000 CL KANSAS CITY, MO SP IEEE, Ultrason, Ferroelect, & Frequency Control Soc, EIA Electr Components Assemblies & Mat Assoc AB It is known that the acceleration-induced frequency shift vanishes for an ideal, symmetrically mounted bulk acoustic wave resonator subjected to certain types of deformations. We show here that the acceleration-induced frequency shift does not vanish and is not insignificant for certain deformations previously unconsidered. C1 USA, CECOM, Ft Monmouth, NJ USA. RP Kosinski, JA (reprint author), USA, CECOM, Ft Monmouth, NJ USA. NR 8 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 0-7803-5839-2 J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2000 BP 345 EP 347 DI 10.1109/FREQ.2000.887379 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BR19M UT WOS:000165838900058 ER PT S AU Ballato, A Main, RI AF Ballato, A Main, RI GP IEEE IEEE TI Sensitivity coefficients of doubly rotated quartz plates driven in simple thickness modes SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2000 IEEE/EIA INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM & EXHIBITION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/EIA International Frequency Control Symposium and Exhibition CY JUN 07-09, 2000 CL KANSAS CITY, MO SP IEEE, Ultrason, Ferroelect, & Frequency Control Soc, EIA Electr Components Assemblies & Mat Assoc AB Sensitivity coefficients are calculated, for the simple thickness modes of quartz plates, due to perturbations of the elastic, piezoelectric, and dielectric material values. These are given in tabular form for various cuts of practical and analytic interest. Also shown are a number of sensitivity coefficient surfaces using the two plate orientational angles as variables. C1 USA, CECOM, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Ballato, A (reprint author), USA, CECOM, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 0-7803-5839-2 J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2000 BP 382 EP 387 DI 10.1109/FREQ.2000.887385 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BR19M UT WOS:000165838900064 ER PT S AU Pastore, RA Ballato, A Kosinski, JA Cui, HL AF Pastore, RA Ballato, A Kosinski, JA Cui, HL GP IEEE IEEE TI Theoretical and experimental studies of loss in piezoelectric ceramic resonators SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2000 IEEE/EIA INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM & EXHIBITION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/EIA International Frequency Control Symposium and Exhibition CY JUN 07-09, 2000 CL KANSAS CITY, MO SP IEEE, Ultrason, Ferroelect, & Frequency Control Soc, EIA Electr Components Assemblies & Mat Assoc AB Piezoelectric ceramic materials present a low cost alternative to traditional single crystal piezoelectric materials. However, ceramic materials to date have featured significantly larger acoustic losses than those of single crystals, which has limited their application where high Q is a requirement. Acoustic loss in single crystal materials like quartz is sufficiently small such that neglecting loss terms in the constitutive relations has a negligible impact on their solution. However, for piezoelectric ceramic materials such as PZT, the loss terms must be included in any calculations since they have a significant impact on the solution. The inclusion of the loss terms:leads to variety of interesting and unexpected behaviors in the piezoelectric resonator which must be understood where the ceramic material is being considered as a replacement for the single crystal. The aim of this work is to explore theoretically and: experimentally the behavior of lossy piezoelectric ceramic resonators using PZT as a case study. Acoustic loss is included in the calculations by including acoustic viscosity as the complex component of the elastic stiffness constant. The constitutive relations are the solved for the dispersion relation characterizing the simple thickness modes of plate resonators. The solution has been found to be complex, implying that the device has a complex resonant point. Two equivalent circuit models have been developed to explain this behavior: one approach uses a transmission line model, while the other uses an RLC circuit analog. The simulations have demonstrated that the device looks like an RLC circuit when stimulated by a complex frequency, i.e. an exponentially decaying sine wave. Experimental results will be presented which corroborate the theoretical analyses. C1 USA, Commun Elect Command, Washington, DC USA. RP Pastore, RA (reprint author), USA, Commun Elect Command, Washington, DC USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 0-7803-5839-2 J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2000 BP 388 EP 392 DI 10.1109/FREQ.2000.887386 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BR19M UT WOS:000165838900065 ER PT B AU Chew, J Sullivan, C AF Chew, J Sullivan, C BE Joines, JA Barton, RR Kang, K Fishwick, PA TI Verification, validation, and accreditation in the life cycle of models and simulations SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2000 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2000 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC '00) CY DEC 10-13, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Assoc Comp Machinery, Special Interest Grp Simulat, Amer Stat Assoc, IEEE, Comp Soc, IEEE, Syst, Man, & Cybernet Soc, Inst Ind Engineers, Inst Operat Res & Management Sci, Coll Simulat, NIST, Soc Comp Simulat Int AB Verification, validation, and accreditation (VV&A) activities should be an on-going process throughout the life cycle of models and simulations (M&S). It is important to note that there is no single set of VV&A tasks, events, or methods that would apply every time to every situation. The VV&A emphasis and methods used vary depending on the particular life cycle phase it is in, previous VV&A and use, the risks and uncertainty, its size and complexity, and of course, the resources available. For simplification, this paper discusses the activities and tasks during the early stages of model development and addresses each of the VV&A efforts separately, along with its associated activities. It outlines the specific VV&A activities and products that are appropriate to each phase of model development. C1 USA, HQ, Dev Test Command, CSTE,DTC,TT,M, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Chew, J (reprint author), USA, HQ, Dev Test Command, CSTE,DTC,TT,M, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6580-1 PY 2000 BP 813 EP 818 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BR62V UT WOS:000166981000107 ER PT B AU Surdu, JR Hill, JMD Pooch, UW AF Surdu, JR Hill, JMD Pooch, UW BE Joines, JA Barton, RR Kang, K Fishwick, PA TI Anticipatory planning support system SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2000 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2000 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC '00) CY DEC 10-13, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Assoc Comp Machinery, Special Interest Grp Simulat, Amer Stat Assoc, IEEE, Comp Soc, IEEE, Syst, Man, & Cybernet Soc, Inst Ind Engineers, Inst Operat Res & Management Sci, Coll Simulat, NIST, Soc Comp Simulat Int AB A new approach to military planning and execution has been proposed. This approach seeks to merge planning and execution, and replaces reaction to events with anticipation of events. This paper presents a methodology for building an automated system to support Anticipatory Planning. A Plan Description is developed to manage the many tree-like branches that occur in planning and execution of an operation. A Planning Executive can use the differences between the plan and the actual operation to control the activities of Planners and Execution Monitors in anticipating future branches to the plan. At the heart of the system are inference mechanisms for determining branches in the plan and simulations for predicting future states. This methodology enables the development of a prototype Anticipatory Planning Support System for evaluation of this new approach to military planning and execution. This paper concentrates on the activities of the Execution Monitors and their use of simulation to support those activities. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP US Mil Acad, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, West Point, NY 10996 USA. EM surdu@acm.org; hillj@cs.tamu.edu; pooch@cs.tamu.edu NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6579-8; 0-7803-6580-1 PY 2000 BP 950 EP 957 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BR62V UT WOS:000166981000125 ER PT B AU Albert, M Koenig, G Mason, G AF Albert, M Koenig, G Mason, G BE Joines, JA Barton, RR Kang, K Fishwick, PA TI Development of a fast all-seasons model for the state of the ground SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2000 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2000 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC '00) CY DEC 10-13, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Assoc Comp Machinery, Special Interest Grp Simulat, Amer Stat Assoc, IEEE, Comp Soc, IEEE, Syst, Man, & Cybernet Soc, Inst Ind Engineers, Inst Operat Res & Management Sci, Coll Simulat, NIST, Soc Comp Simulat Int ID EQUATIONS AB For predicting soil conditions in support of mobility, combat, or engineering simulations, it is important to have verified models that can reliably predict the state of the ground in all weather conditions. While variations in the state of the ground in summer are due primarily to soil type, vegetation, and slope, the winter and spring seasons present additional challenges that are currently not addressed by most Army models. Because the depth of snow on the ground varies greatly through the winter, a prediction capability is needed for the rate of snow accumulation and melt that will allow predictions of snow depth. Ground freezing/thawing or the presence of mud can significantly change soil strength, requiring a prediction capability for soil moisture and freeze/thaw. This paper describes progress in the development of FASST, the Fast All-Seasons Soil STate model. FASST is a physically based model currently under development to predict the state of the ground using minimal computational time and resources. FASST predicts soil moisture, snow depth, frost depth, snowpack melt outflow, soil temperature, and soil strength on an hourly basis. The physical basis of the model is presented, and preliminary model predictions are compared to measured field data. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Albert, M (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6580-1 PY 2000 BP 1010 EP 1019 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BR62V UT WOS:000166981000133 ER PT B AU Phetteplace, G AF Phetteplace, G BE Joines, JA Barton, RR Kang, K Fishwick, PA TI Integrating cold weather impacts on human performance into army M&S applications SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2000 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2000 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC '00) CY DEC 10-13, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Assoc Comp Machinery, Special Interest Grp Simulat, Amer Stat Assoc, IEEE, Comp Soc, IEEE, Syst, Man, & Cybernet Soc, Inst Ind Engineers, Inst Operat Res & Management Sci, Coll Simulat, NIST, Soc Comp Simulat Int AB Exposure to cold weather has deleterious effects on the performance of soldiers. Gross and fine motor skills as well as cognitive ability are all diminished by exposure to low ambient temperatures. Clothing and equipment that protect the solider from cold also encumber the soldier's movement and dexterity. Therefore, while the solider is protected from the cold, his or her performance is reduced in terms of both time to perform a given task and accuracy. Food and water consumption are also greatly increased by exposure to the cold. For Army simulations to accurately represent missions that occur in cold weather, these impacts must be accounted for, yet they seldom have been. This paper will briefly review the physiological mechanisms for degraded performance in the cold. A sample of the data available in the literature on cold weather impacts on humans will also be presented. Finally we suggest how these impacts might be incorporated in military models and simulations. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Phetteplace, G (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6580-1 PY 2000 BP 1020 EP 1024 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BR62V UT WOS:000166981000134 ER PT B AU Lacombe, J AF Lacombe, J BE Joines, JA Barton, RR Kang, K Fishwick, PA TI Tire model for simulations of vehicle motion on high and low friction road surfaces SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2000 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2000 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC '00) CY DEC 10-13, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Assoc Comp Machinery, Special Interest Grp Simulat, Amer Stat Assoc, IEEE, Comp Soc, IEEE, Syst, Man, & Cybernet Soc, Inst Ind Engineers, Inst Operat Res & Management Sci, Coll Simulat, NIST, Soc Comp Simulat Int AB An on-road analytical tire model has been developed to predict tire forces and moments at the tire/road interface. The model is computationally efficient and it only requires a limited set of easily obtained input parameters. Force and moment calculations are based on mechanical analogs that describe longitudinal and lateral tire tread and sidewall deflections during braking, traction and cornering. Longitudinal deflections are determined using a simple linear elastic spring model, while lateral deflections are calculated using an elastic beam model. Surface sliding friction is defined by experimental curves relating the friction coefficient to the wheel/road differential velocity. Source code has been developed to include the model as a force element subroutine in commercially available dynamic analysis software known as DADS (Dynamic Analysis Design System). The tire model has been successfully demonstrated in DADS using a simple simulation of a tire test device. Preliminary comparisons of model predictions with available test data have been favorable. Efforts are underway to incorporate the tire subroutine into a DADS model of a HMMWV to conduct driving simulations on dry, snow and ice covered road surfaces. C1 USA, Erdc, CRREL, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Lacombe, J (reprint author), USA, Erdc, CRREL, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6580-1 PY 2000 BP 1025 EP 1034 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BR62V UT WOS:000166981000135 ER PT J AU Venizelos, DT Sausa, RC AF Venizelos, DT Sausa, RC TI Detailed chemical kinetics studies of an NH3/N2O/Ar flame by laser-induced fluorescence, mass spectrometry, and modeling SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 28th International Symposium on Combustion CY JUL 30-AUG 04, 2000 CL UNIV EDINBURGH, EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND HO UNIV EDINBURGH ID SHOCK-TUBE; COMBUSTION; MECHANISM; N2O; NH; NO AB Experimental and chemical modeling studies of a 60 torr NH3/N2O/Ar flame were performed to provide further testing and refinements of a detailed chemical mechanism developed previously in our laboratory. This mechanism, which is denoted as VS, consists of 87 reactions and 20 species. Flame temperatures were measured with a coated, thin-wire thermocouple and by rotational analyses of OH and NH laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) spectra. Species concentration profiles of NH3, N2O, N-2, H2O, NO, O-2, NH, O, and OH were recorded using molecular beam mass spectrometry (MB/MS), LIF, or both. The experimental species concentrations were compared with those obtained with both equilibrium and PREMIX flame code calculations. The NH3/N2O mixture equilibrium calculations agree very well with both the PREMIX and measured postflame N-2 and H2O concentrations but underpredict the postflame NO concentration and overpredict the O-2 concentration. The PREMIX calculations predict very well the shapes of the experimental NH3, N2O, N-2, H2O, NO, OH. and NH profiles throughout the flame but do not adequately predict the shape of the O-atom profile and overpredict the O-2 concentration by similar to 60% at 16.25 mm, suggesting that the VS mechanism requires some refinement. A modified mechanism modified, which provides better agreement with the experimental results, is proposed. In this mechanism the rate constants of the following reactions are altered to the limit of their experimental or calculated uncertainties: (1) N2O + H = OH + N-2, (2) NH2 + O = HNO + H, (3) NH2 + OH = NH + H2O, (4) NH2 + H = H-2 + NH, (5) NH3 + OH = NH2 + H2O, and (6) NO + H + M = HNO + M. C1 USA, Res Lab, US AMSRL WM BD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. Univ Louvain, Louvain, Belgium. RP Venizelos, DT (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, US AMSRL WM BD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU COMBUSTION INST PI PITTSBURGH PA 5001 BAUM BOULEVARD, STE 635, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213-1851 USA SN 0082-0784 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2000 VL 28 BP 2411 EP 2418 PN 2 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 452QN UT WOS:000169870400113 ER PT J AU Robbins, RG Okatt, SG AF Robbins, RG Okatt, SG TI First report of Amblyomma clypeolatum Neumann (Acari : Ixodida : Ixodidae) from the Union of Myanmar, with two new records from tortoises SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Armed Forces Pest Management Board, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Robbins, RG (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Armed Forces Pest Management Board, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 102 IS 1 BP 225 EP 226 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 275NE UT WOS:000084825600023 ER PT B AU Hedges, RL Whiting, RM AF Hedges, RL Whiting, RM GP EAFWA EAFWA EAFWA EAFWA TI Bird communities of four grazed and ungrazed habitats in the Post Oak Region of Texas SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIFTY-FOURTH ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE SOUTHEASTERN ASSOCIATION OF FISH AND WILDLIFE AGENCIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 54th Annual Conference of the Southeastern-Association-of-Fish-and-Wildlife-Agencies CY OCT 28-NOV 01, 2000 CL BATON ROUGE, LA SP SE Assoc Fish & Wildlife Agencies AB This study examined species composition and relative abundance of birds in the Post Oak Region of Texas during winter and spring 1993. A grazed and an ungrazed site were established in each of 4 habitat types: forests, woodlands, upland pastures, and wet meadows. Habitat characteristics of the study sites were evaluated using plot and point methods. Birds were surveyed using time-area circular plot methods with 4 plots per study site. Highest numbers of bird species and individuals were recorded in the winter and wet meadows during spring. As a result of flocking birds, more individuals were recorded in grazed woodlands, pastures, and meadows than on the ungrazed sites during winter. Otherwise, ungrazed study sites generally had more species and individuals than did the grazed sites of similar habitats. Differences between grazed and ungrazed sites were probably the result of mechanical vegetation manipulation rather than cattle grazing. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Jefferson, TX 75657 USA. RP Hedges, RL (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, 2669 FM 726, Jefferson, TX 75657 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOUTHEASTERN ASSOCIATION FISH & WILDLIFE AGENCIES (SEAFWA) PI TALLAHASSEE PA 8005 FRESHWATER FARMS RD, TALLAHASSEE, FL 32308 USA PY 2000 BP 251 EP 265 PG 15 WC Ecology; Fisheries; Ornithology; Veterinary Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries; Zoology; Veterinary Sciences GA BU26T UT WOS:000175525900027 ER PT B AU Schraml, S Kimsey, K AF Schraml, S Kimsey, K BE Arabnia, HR TI Large scale impact/penetration simulations on clustered symmetric multiprocessors SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS, VOLS I-V LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Processing Techniques and Applications (PDPTA 2000) CY JUN 26-29, 2000 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Comp Sci Res, Educ & Applicat Press, Informat Processing Soc Japan, SIGMPS, Int Technol Inst, Java High Performance Comp Res Grp, Korea Informat Processing Soc, World Sci & Engn Soc DE computer simulation; penetration mechanics; shock waves ID PENETRATION; MECHANICS AB This paper presents an overview of an explicit message-passing paradigm for an Eulerian finite volume method for modeling solid dynamics problems involving shock wave propagation, multiple materials, and large deformations. Three-dimensional simulations of high-velocity impact were conducted on the Sun HPC 10000 computer system. The scalability of the message-passing code on this symmetric multiple processor architecture is presented and compared to the ideal linear multiple processor performance. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Schraml, S (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 1-892512-52-1 PY 2000 BP 1399 EP 1405 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BR82C UT WOS:000167676300192 ER PT B AU Alford, K Chen, JX AF Alford, K Chen, JX BE Arabnia, HR TI Parallel information retrieval scalability using the relational model on large document collections SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS, VOLS I-V LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Processing Techniques and Applications (PDPTA 2000) CY JUN 26-29, 2000 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Comp Sci Res, Educ & Applicat Press, Informat Processing Soc Japan, SIGMPS, Int Technol Inst, Java High Performance Comp Res Grp, Korea Informat Processing Soc, World Sci & Engn Soc DE scalability; database; parallel information retrieval ID WEB AB This research investigates the scalability of an information retrieval (IR) system based on the vector space model and implemented using a relational database management system (DBMS). Scalability testing was performed at the U.S. Army Research Laboratory's Major Shared Resource Center in Aberdeen, Maryland on a Sun E10K computer using one to 24 processors and seven document collections ranging in size from two gigabytes to 100 gigabytes of unprocessed web-based text data. Scalability is demonstrated to the limit of physical I/O devices. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Alford, K (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 1-892512-52-1 PY 2000 BP 1705 EP 1711 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BR82C UT WOS:000167676300234 ER PT B AU Zhou, H Derby, JJ AF Zhou, H Derby, JJ BE Arabnia, HR TI Parallel implementation of finite element method with MPI: Application to three-dimensional free surface stokes flow SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS, VOLS I-V LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Processing Techniques and Applications (PDPTA 2000) CY JUN 26-29, 2000 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Comp Sci Res, Educ & Applicat Press, Informat Processing Soc Japan, SIGMPS, Int Technol Inst, Java High Performance Comp Res Grp, Korea Informat Processing Soc, World Sci & Engn Soc DE finite element method; parallel algorithm; MPI; three-dimensional; moving boundary ID SIMULATION AB This paper reports our recent parallel implementation of finite element method using MPI as applied to a three-dimensional moving boundary Stokes problem, i.e., simulation of viscous sintering. Our finite element method features unstructured mesh generation, automatic mesh movement, PSPG stabilization formulation, Newton-Raphson method for linearization, and diagonally-preconditioned GMRES iterative solver for linear systems. The parallel implementation used a domain decomposition approach. Two schemes have been developed: the node-overlapping scheme and the node-nonoverlapping scheme. The main difference between the two schemes is that, in the node-nonoverlapping scheme, global operations involving node based unknowns are not repeated on different partitions. We describe the preprocessing procedure as well as the communication subroutine. Comparison of the two schemes show that the node-nonoverlapping schemes performs consistently better, mainly due to the reduced time spent on Gram-Schmidt operations. The scalability analysis shows a speed up of 1.91 when number of processors are doubled on CRAY T3E. The code is also tested on IBM SP and SGI Origin supercomputers, shoving complete portability. The code has been used to solve a problem with more than 2 million unknowns. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Army High Performance Comp Res Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Zhou, H (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Army High Performance Comp Res Ctr, 421 Washington Ave SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 1-892512-52-1 PY 2000 BP 2295 EP 2300 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BR82C UT WOS:000167676300315 ER PT B AU Pressel, DM Kendall, T Thompson, S AF Pressel, DM Kendall, T Thompson, S BE Arabnia, HR TI Queuing for symmetric multiprocessors SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS, VOLS I-V LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Processing Techniques and Applications (PDPTA 2000) CY JUN 26-29, 2000 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Comp Sci Res, Educ & Applicat Press, Informat Processing Soc Japan, SIGMPS, Int Technol Inst, Java High Performance Comp Res Grp, Korea Informat Processing Soc, World Sci & Engn Soc DE queuing; supercomputer; high performance computing; parallel programming; shared memory programming AB Most large-scale computer systems rely on queuing systems to decide the order in which to run resource-intensive jobs. They may also rely on queuing systems to decide when to run small, less intensive jobs. This can be especially important when dealing with parametric studies involving hundreds to tens of thousands of individual runs. This paper will discuss the way in which this function has traditionally been performed on vector systems and some massively parallel processors. If will then discuss what the unique problems associated with large symmetric multiprocessors have been and how they have been addressed at the U.S. Army Research Laboratory Major Shared Resource Center, Aberdeen Proving Gound, MD. Some key areas that will be addressed are processor overloading, memory usage, and background jobs (low priority jobs which, on some systems, are subject to preemption). C1 USA, Res Lab, Corp Informat & Comp Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Pressel, DM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Corp Informat & Comp Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 1-892512-52-1 PY 2000 BP 2431 EP 2436 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BR82C UT WOS:000167676300333 ER PT B AU Shires, D Mohan, R Mark, A AF Shires, D Mohan, R Mark, A BE Arabnia, HR TI Improving data locality and expanding the use of HPF in parallel FEM implementations SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS, VOLS I-V LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Processing Techniques and Applications (PDPTA 2000) CY JUN 26-29, 2000 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Comp Sci Res, Educ & Applicat Press, Informat Processing Soc Japan, SIGMPS, Int Technol Inst, Java High Performance Comp Res Grp, Korea Informat Processing Soc, World Sci & Engn Soc DE HPF; finite element mesh; high performance computing AB The High Performance Fortran (HPF) language provides a high-level methodology to achieve parallelism on today's multiprocessor architectures. It is an ambitious attempt to make efficient programming more straightforward, portable, and practical on complex parallel systems. Since HPF is a language, it requires robust compilers to generate the most efficient code possible. These compilers continue to mature, but certain classes of problems are not tractable for compilers alone. For example, irregular data access patterns in nonstructured finite element formulations can limit the performance of HPF codes on tiered memory architectures. This paper discusses the use of HPF in such a formulation, and details certain techniques that can be applied to achieve large performance gains. We also discuss new developments in the language that are making it more applicable to this class of problems. C1 USA, Res Lab, HPC Div, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. RP Shires, D (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, HPC Div, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 1-892512-52-1 PY 2000 BP 2545 EP 2551 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BR82C UT WOS:000167676300349 ER PT B AU Sadler, BM Kozick, RJ AF Sadler, BM Kozick, RJ GP IEEE IEEE TI Bounds on uncalibrated array signal processing SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TENTH IEEE WORKSHOP ON STATISTICAL SIGNAL AND ARRAY PROCESSING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th IEEE Workshop on Statistical Signal and Array Processing CY AUG 13-16, 2000 CL POCONO MANOR, PA SP IEEE, Signal Proc Soc ID CONSTANT-MODULUS ALGORITHM; NON-GAUSSIAN SIGNALS AB Deterministic constrained Cramer-Rao bounds (CRBs) are developed for general linear forms in additive white Gaussian noise. The linear form describes a variety of array processing cases, including narrow band sources with a calibrated array, the uncalibrated array cases of instantaneous linear mixing and convolutive mixing, and spacetime coding scenarios with multiple transmit and receive antennas. We employ the constrained CRB formulation of Stoica and Ng, allowing the incorporation of side information into the bounds. This provides a framework for a large variety of scenarios, including semi-blind, constant modulus, known moments or cumulants, and others. The CRBs establish bounds on blind estimation of sources using an uncalibrated array, and facilitates comparison of calibrated and uncalibrated arrays when side information is exploited. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Sadler, BM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 9 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-5988-7 PY 2000 BP 73 EP 77 DI 10.1109/SSAP.2000.870084 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BR09H UT WOS:000165630400016 ER PT J AU Bauer, JJ Zeng, J Zhang, W McLeod, DG Sesterhenn, IA Connelly, RR Mun, SK Moul, JW AF Bauer, JJ Zeng, J Zhang, W McLeod, DG Sesterhenn, IA Connelly, RR Mun, SK Moul, JW TI Lateral biopsies added to the traditional sextant prostate biopsy pattern increases the detection rate of prostate cancer SO PROSTATE CANCER AND PROSTATIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE 3-dimensional simulation; cancer distribution; interactive prostate needle biopsy; prostate cancer ID CORE BIOPSIES; ANTIGEN; VOLUME; CARCINOMA; MEN AB Urologists routinely use the systematic sextant needle biopsy technique to detect prostate cancer. However, recent evidence suggests that this technique has a significant sampling error and data based upon whole-mounted step-sectioned radical, prostatectomy specimens using a three-dimensional computer-assisted prostate biopsy simulator suggests that an increased detection rate is possible using laterally placed biopsies. The simulated 10-core biopsy pattern (traditional sextant biopsy cores and four laterally placed biopsies in the right and left apex and mid portion of the prostate gland) was shown to be superior to the traditional sextant biopsy. The objective of this pilot study was to confirm the higher prostate cancer detection rate obtained using the 10-core biopsy pattern in patients. We reviewed data on 35 consecutive patients with a pathologic diagnosis of prostate cancer biopsied by a single urologist using the 10-core biopsy pattern. The frequency of positive biopsy was determined for each core. Additionally, the sextant and 10-core prostate biopsy patterns were compared with respect to prostate cancer detection rate. Of the 35 patients diagnosed with prostate cancer, 54.3%(19/35) were diagnosed by the sextant biopsy only. The 10-core pattern resulted in an additional 45.7%(16/35) of patients being diagnosed solely with the laterally placed biopsies. The laterally placed biopsies had the highest frequency of positive biopsies when compared to the sextant cores. In conclusion, biopsy protocols that use laterally placed biopsies based upon a five region anatomical model are superior to the routinely used sextant prostate biopsy pattern. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Urol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Imaging Sci & Informat Syst Ctr, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Genitourinary Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Ctr Prostate Dis Res, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Moul, JW (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Ctr Prostate Dis Res, Dept Surg, 1530 E Jefferson St, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. NR 23 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1365-7852 J9 PROSTATE CANCER P D JI Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. PY 2000 VL 3 IS 1 BP 43 EP 46 DI 10.1038/sj.pcan.4500397 PG 4 WC Oncology; Urology & Nephrology SC Oncology; Urology & Nephrology GA 343MP UT WOS:000088706400008 ER PT J AU Arar, N Thompson, I Sarosdy, M Harris, M Shepherd, D Troyer, D Plaetke, R AF Arar, N Thompson, I Sarosdy, M Harris, M Shepherd, D Troyer, D Plaetke, R TI Risk perceptions among patients and their relatives regarding prostate cancer and its heredity SO PROSTATE CANCER AND PROSTATIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE prostate cancer; beliefs; qualitative analysis; family studies; risk perception; genetic diseases ID AFRICAN-AMERICAN; FAMILY HISTORY; SUSCEPTIBILITY LOCUS; HEALTH BELIEFS; OVARIAN-CANCER; CAUCASIAN MEN; BREAST-CANCER; RECRUITMENT; ATTITUDES; WOMEN AB We performed a qualitative study to examine how prostate cancer (PC) patients and their spouses and relatives take into account family history when considering susceptibility to PC Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 participants. All interviews were tape-recorded, transcribed and content analyzed. Patients' and spouses' views concerning the seriousness of PC were different. Wives viewed PC as a serious disease because it has affected their marital relationships; patients found PC to be less serious because it can be treated. All participants viewed PC as a male disease that can be passed on from fathers to sons. Furthermore, participants were aware of PC clustering in their families. However, this awareness did not encourage (healthy) male relatives to seek early detection. Additionally, participants perceived age, high-fat diet, and less exercise as important risk factors, while socioeconomic status, ethnic origin and a family history of PC were viewed as less important. We recommend that health educators pay special attention to these findings when planning to teach patients, spouses and their relatives about PC, its heredity and risks. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Med, Div Nephrol 7882, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Div Urol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Div Urol, San Antonio, TX USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. RP Arar, N (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Med, Div Nephrol 7882, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. NR 56 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1365-7852 J9 PROSTATE CANCER P D JI Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. PY 2000 VL 3 IS 3 BP 176 EP 185 DI 10.1038/sj.pcan.4500416 PG 10 WC Oncology; Urology & Nephrology SC Oncology; Urology & Nephrology GA 382QQ UT WOS:000165834100007 ER PT J AU Richter, E Connelly, RR Moul, JW AF Richter, E Connelly, RR Moul, JW TI The role of pretreatment serum albumin to predict pathological stage and recurrence among radical prostatectomy cases SO PROSTATE CANCER AND PROSTATIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE albumin; prostate cancer; radical prostatectomy; prognosis ID PROGNOSTIC FACTORS; CANCER; SURVIVAL; TESTOSTERONE; CARCINOMA AB Serum albumin level has been implicated as a prognostic factor in various cancers, however it has not been studied in early stage prostate cancer. We examine the clinical prognostic value of the readily available pretreatment albumin level as a marker for determining staging and prognosis for men undergoing radical prostatectomy. A retrospective review was performed on 354 patients who underwent a radical prostatectomy at a tertiary facility from 15 April, 1990 until 3 December, 1996 who had a pretreatment serum albumin within 6 months prior to surgery. Albumin levels were analyzed and compared to the values of standard prognostic factors to assess the ability of albumin to predict pathological stage and serological recurrence by PSA level after radical prostatectomy. Albumin level was not of value in predicting serological disease recurrence, but interestingly was an independent prognostic factor in predicting risk of nonorgan-confined disease (T3 or T4). Our data also showed that, as expected, grade and pretreatment PSA levels were independent predictors of pathological stage. Albumin appears to be of clinical utility to augment assessment of pretreatment pathological stage. However, it is not of value in predicting serological disease recurrence following radical prostatectomy. Further study in other cohorts and in using additional analysis such as neural networks is indicated. C1 Ctr Prostate Dis Res, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Urol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Moul, JW (reprint author), Ctr Prostate Dis Res, 1530 E Jefferson St, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1365-7852 J9 PROSTATE CANCER P D JI Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. PY 2000 VL 3 IS 3 BP 186 EP 190 DI 10.1038/sj.pcan.4500418 PG 5 WC Oncology; Urology & Nephrology SC Oncology; Urology & Nephrology GA 382QQ UT WOS:000165834100008 ER PT J AU Moul, JW AF Moul, JW TI Targeted screening for prostate cancer in African-American men SO PROSTATE CANCER AND PROSTATIC DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Biennial Meeting of the Prostate-Cancer-Charitable-Trust CY 2000 CL BETHESDA, MARYLAND SP Prostate Canc Charitable Trust DE prostate; cancer; screening; black race; PSA ID RACIAL-DIFFERENCES; ANTIGEN LEVELS; WHITE MEN; REFERENCE RANGES; RACE; EDUCATION; SURVIVAL; HEALTH; AGE; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB African-American men and black men throughout the world have a higher rate of prostate cancer than other ethnic groups. They also are most likely to present at a younger age with more advanced disease and have historically had a poorer prognosis. Whether this observed difference is due to behavior, lack of access, environmental factors or genetics is hotly debated. Whatever the cause or causes, there is growing concensus that targeting screening to this high-risk group is justified. Focused education about risk and screening in black men can be effective and demonstration screening programs in African-American community settings have been successful. There is much debate about the proper normal values of PSA to be used in screening high risk black men. Some have argued for a very low normal range such as less than or equal to 2.0 ng/ml to improve sensitivity for detection of curable disease. Others, recognizing the balance between sensitivity (cancer detection) and specificity (avoiding unnecessary prostate biopsies), have proposed age-adjusted PSA ranges. Until randomized or prospective screening trials are completed, it seems reasonable to encourage black men to start screening at age 40 using a PSA threshold of less than or equal to 2.0 to 2.5 ng/ml to prompt further evaluation. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Serv Urol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Ctr Prostate Dis Res, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Moul, JW (reprint author), Ctr Prostate Dis Res, 1530 E Jefferson St, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. NR 64 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1365-7852 J9 PROSTATE CANCER P D JI Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. PY 2000 VL 3 IS 4 BP 248 EP 255 DI 10.1038/sj.pcan.4500472 PG 8 WC Oncology; Urology & Nephrology SC Oncology; Urology & Nephrology GA 395KZ UT WOS:000166580700008 ER PT J AU Olson, MA Reinke, LT AF Olson, MA Reinke, LT TI Modeling implicit reorganization in continuum descriptions of protein-protein interactions SO PROTEINS-STRUCTURE FUNCTION AND GENETICS LA English DT Article DE continuum model; protein-protein association; free energy; molecular recognition ID FREE-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; BINDING; ASSOCIATION; MOLECULES; ANTIBODY AB The determination of free energies that govern protein-protein recognition is essential for a detailed molecular understanding of biological specificity. Continuum models of macromolecular interactions, in which the solvent is treated by an implicit representation and the proteins are treated semi-microscopically, are computationally tractable for estimating free energies, yet many questions remain concerning their accuracy. This article reports a continuum analysis of the free-energy changes underlying the binding of 31 interfacial alanine substitutions of two complexes of the antigen egg white lysozyme (HEL) antibody D1.3 bound with HEL or the antibody E5.2, Two implicit schemes for modeling the effects of protein and solvent relaxation were examined, in which the protein environment was treated as either homogeneous with a "protein dielectric constant" of epsilon(p) = 4 or inhomogeneous, with epsilon(p) = 4 for neutral residues and epsilon(p) = 25 for ionized residues. The results showed that the nonuniform dielectric model reproduced the experimental differences better, with an average absolute error of +/-1.1 kcal/mol, compared with +/-1.4 kcal/mol for the uniform model, More importantly, the error for charged residues in the nonuniform model is +/-0.8 kcal/mol and is nearly half of that corresponding to the uniform model. Several substitutions were clearly problematic in determining qualitative trends and probably required explicit structural reorganization at the protein-protein interface. Proteins 2000;38:115-119, Published 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.dagger C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Mol Modeling Lab, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Dept Biochem & Cell Biol, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Olson, MA (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Mol Modeling Lab, 1425 Porter St, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. NR 18 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0887-3585 J9 PROTEINS JI Proteins PD JAN 1 PY 2000 VL 38 IS 1 BP 115 EP 119 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0134(20000101)38:1<115::AID-PROT11>3.0.CO;2-P PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 269NN UT WOS:000084484600011 PM 10651043 ER PT J AU Armstrong, SC Cozza, KL AF Armstrong, SC Cozza, KL TI Consultation-liaison psychiatry drug-drug interactions update SO PSYCHOSOMATICS LA English DT Article ID CAFFEINE C1 Willmar Reg Treatment Ctr, Willmar, MN 56201 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Armstrong, SC (reprint author), Willmar Reg Treatment Ctr, 1550 Hwy 71 N, Willmar, MN 56201 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC PRESS, INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1400 K ST, N W, STE 1101, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3182 J9 PSYCHOSOMATICS JI Psychosomatics PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 41 IS 1 BP 76 EP 77 PG 2 WC Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychiatry; Psychology GA 277CF UT WOS:000084914600015 ER PT S AU Brandt, HE AF Brandt, HE BE Donkor, E Pirich, AR TI POVM inconclusive rate SO QUANTUM COMPUTING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Computing CY APR 26-27, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE quantum cryptography; key distribution; positive operator valued measure; inconclusive rate; quantum information processing ID OPERATOR-VALUED MEASURE; QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY; INFORMATION AB The inconclusive rate is considered as a disturbance measure in key distribution in quantum cryptography. Bennett's two-state protocol is addressed for the case in which a positive operator valued measure is implemented by the legitimate receiver in the presence of individual attack by a general unitary disturbing eavesdropping probe. The maximum Renyi information gain by the disturbing probe is calculated for given receiver error and inconclusive rates. It is demonstrated explicitly that less information is available to an eavesdropper at fixed inconclusive rate and error rate than is available at fixed error rate only. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, SE,DP, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Brandt, HE (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, SE,DP, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3673-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4047 BP 69 EP 88 DI 10.1117/12.391956 PG 20 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Optics; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Optics; Physics GA BQ79D UT WOS:000089527000008 ER PT S AU Sullivan, A Geng, NB Carin, L AF Sullivan, A Geng, NB Carin, L BE Trebits, R Kurtz, JL TI Rigorous electromagnetic modeling of targets concealed in tree foliage SO RADAR SENSOR TECHNOLOGY V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology V CY APR 27, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE foliage penetrating radar; electromagnetic modeling; moment method; body of revolution ID ARBITRARY SURFACES; TRANSIENT-RESPONSE; EXTRACTING POLES; SCATTERING; REVOLUTION; RADIATION; BODIES; RADAR; SYSTEM; BODY AB A method of moment (MoM) analysis is developed for electromagnetic scattering from a generalized perfectly conducting target in the near field of a tree trunk in a layered medium environment. In this analysis, the tree trunk is modeled as a dielectric body of revolution (BoR) and the layered medium electrical properties can be lossy and dispersive, of interest for simulating real soil. The MoM analysis employs the layered medium Green's function, which is evaluated efficiently via the method of complex images. To simplify the analysis, the conducting target is considered to be a flat plate. To rigorously account for the interaction between these disparate targets, the conducting target and tree trunk are modeled separately, with interactions handled via an efficient iterative procedure. In addition to yielding accurate results, this procedure has memory and nm-time requirements that are significantly less than required of a straightforward brute farce MoM approach. This latter issue is particularly important for the problem of interest here, since the tree trunk and conducting target are generally electrically large and because this work is ultimately directed towards modeling conducting targets in the near field of multiple tree trunks (that is, simulating targets concealed in tree foliage). C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Sullivan, A (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM asullivan@arl.mil NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3659-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2000 VL 4033 BP 62 EP 73 DI 10.1117/12.391854 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BQ75J UT WOS:000089403200007 ER PT S AU Damarla, R Sullivan, A Kappra, K Sichina, J Wong, D AF Damarla, R Sullivan, A Kappra, K Sichina, J Wong, D BE Trebits, R Kurtz, JL TI Detection of unexploded ordnance (UXO) using physical optics (PO) simulated images as templates SO RADAR SENSOR TECHNOLOGY V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology V CY APR 27, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE UXO detection; template matching; SAR; GPEN; UWB radar AB We present results of an unexploded ordnance (UXO) detection algorithm based on template matching in ultra-wideband (UWB) (130 MHz to 12 GHz) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data. We compute scattered fields of UXOs in different orientations, both on the surface and buried at different depths, using a physical optics (PO) approximation for perfectly conducting targets in a half space via the half-space Green's function. The PO code that we developed computes the scattered fields in a lossy and dispersive material. This permits simulation of targets in real soil. The frequency-domain scattered fields are transformed into time-domain. SAR images of the UXOs at different aspect angles are generated by a standard backprojection technique, with the same resolution as the ground-penetrating (GPEN) ultra-wideband (UWB) SAR These SAR images form the templates for detection of the UXOs. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Damarla, R (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3659-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4033 BP 80 EP 89 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BQ75J UT WOS:000089403200009 ER PT S AU David, JM Ressler, MA AF David, JM Ressler, MA BE Trebits, R Kurtz, JL TI Design modifications for increased frequency response in impulse-based ultra-wideband radars SO RADAR SENSOR TECHNOLOGY V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology V CY APR 27, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE radar; UWB; ADC; bandwidth; impulse ID BAND; SCATTERING AB The U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) is currently using an experimental radar with an impulse-based transmitter to gather data on subterranean targets. This synthetic aperture radar (SAR) has an instantaneous bandwidth of 50-1100 MHz, with the upper frequency limit set by the bandwidth of the analog-to-digital (A/D) converter that acts as the baseband receiver for the impulse transmitter. The A/Ds are the biggest limiting factor for most impulse-based radars, as their analog bandwidth and high sampling rates push the state of the art, but effects of transmitter waveforms, antenna response, and preamplifier bandwidth must be considered as well. We discuss a number of design changes that will allow the use of existing A/D converters while expanding the frequency coverage by approximately a factor of two, with major changes to other hardware. The design models chosen are evaluated in a PV-WAVE framework that allows one to chooseg the transmit waveshape and assess the influences of phase stability, signal-to-noise ratio, and system and filter frequency response. A comparison of the model results is presented, along with tradeoffs and recommendations. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL SE RU, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Ressler, MA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL SE RU, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM mressler@arl.mil NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3659-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2000 VL 4033 BP 90 EP 101 DI 10.1117/12.391857 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BQ75J UT WOS:000089403200010 ER PT J AU Sliney, DH AF Sliney, DH TI Ultraviolet radiation exposure criteria SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Ultraviolet Radiation Exposure, Measurement and Protection CY OCT 18-20, 1999 CL ST CATHERINES COLL, OXFORD, ENGLAND SP Natl Radiol Protect Board, WHO, Int Commiss Non-ionizing Radiat Protect, Fed Minist Environm, Nat Conservat & Nucl Safety, Dept Hlth, Hlth & Safety Execut HO ST CATHERINES COLL ID ACTION SPECTRUM; UV-RADIATION; DAMAGE AB During the past 25 years occupational health and safety guidelines, regulations and standards have evolved to protect workers and the general public from potentially hazardous exposure to ultraviolet radiation. A further goal has been to promote the safe design and use of suntanning devices, optical instruments, lamps, and laser products. From the gradually expanding knowledge of the biological effects of UVR exposure of the eye and skin, exposure limits have been slightly revised over the past two decades - by both national and international organisations. The general trend has been a convergence of differing limits. The greatest divergence in guidelines and standards has occurred where the biological effects are least understood or are simply controversial. Philosophical differences in the level of protection have played a role, since there are those who argue that UVR exposure offers more benefit than is accepted by all. The earliest guidelines were limited to WR from low-pressure mercury lamps used in germicidal applications in the 1940s. By 1972 a North-American (ACGIH) guideline based upon an envelope action spectrum had appeared. The International Non-Ionizing Radiation Committee (INIRC) of the International Radiation Protection Association (IRPA) proposed similar guidelines in 1985 and these were revised based upon newer data a few years later. After an extensive review of the IRPA/INIRC guidelines, the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) revalidated and endorsed those limits. Although these guidelines were based firstly on preventing any acute effects, they have also been analysed to show that the risk is extremely small, or undectable, for delayed effects for persons exposed below these recommended limits. The limits are approximately one-third of an MED (for fair skin) in any eight-hour period. At this lever, detectable molecular damage appears to be fully repaired. Further refinement is still called for. For example, the maximal dose integration time is being debated, and it is not clear what could happen if human cells are exposed 24 h per day and not allowed the normal 'rest period' overnight. C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Laser Opt Radiat Program, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Sliney, DH (reprint author), USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Laser Opt Radiat Program, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 53 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD TN23 1YW, KENT, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2000 VL 91 IS 1-3 BP 213 EP 222 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 361KR UT WOS:000089722700046 ER PT B AU Taub, IA AF Taub, IA BE Moriaty, M Edington, M Mothersill, C Ward, JF Seymour, C Fry, RJM TI Chemical considerations in radiation preservation of food SO RADIATION RESEARCH, VOL 2, CONGRESS PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Congress of Radiation Research CY JUL 18-23, 1999 CL DUBLIN, IRELAND C1 USA, SBCCOM, Natick Soldier Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Taub, IA (reprint author), USA, SBCCOM, Natick Soldier Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA BN 1-891276-14-X PY 2000 BP 67 EP 70 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BR30V UT WOS:000166083700014 ER PT B AU Pakhomov, AG Mathur, SP Akyel, Y Kiel, JL Murphy, MR AF Pakhomov, AG Mathur, SP Akyel, Y Kiel, JL Murphy, MR BE Klauenberg, BJ Miklavcic, D TI High-resolution microwave dosimetry in lossy media SO RADIO FREQUENCY RADIATION DOSIMETRY AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO THE BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTE SERIES, SUB-SERIES 3, HIGH TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Radio Frequency Radiation Dosimetry and its Relationship to the Biological Effects of Electromagnetic Fields CY OCT 12-16, 1998 CL GOZD MARTULJEK, SLOVENIA SP NATO, Sci Affairs Div, High Technol Area, NATO, Res & Technol Org, USAF, Res Lad, USAF, Secur Assistance Command, USAF, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, European BioElectromagnet Assoc, Bioelectromagnet Soc, Holaday Ind Inc, Univ Ljubljana, Agr Inst Slovenia, Elletra 2000, Minist Def, Minist Environm, Minist Sci & Technol, Minist Foreign Affairs, Minist Hlth, Inst Publ Hlth C1 USA, Med Res Detachment, McKesson BioServ, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Pakhomov, AG (reprint author), USA, Med Res Detachment, McKesson BioServ, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-6404-X J9 NATO ASI 3 HIGH TECH PY 2000 VL 82 BP 187 EP 197 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Engineering; Research & Experimental Medicine GA BR40S UT WOS:000166318800022 ER PT B AU Stopa, PJ Kulaga, H Anderson, P Cain, M AF Stopa, PJ Kulaga, H Anderson, P Cain, M BE Stopa, PJ Bartoszcze, MA TI Field applications of flow cytometry SO RAPID METHODS FOR ANALYSIS OF BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS IN THE ENVIRONMENT SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTE SERIES, SUB-SERIES 1: DISARMAMENT TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on rapid Methods for Monitoring the Environment for Biological Hazards CY MAY 19-22, 1997 CL WARSAW, POLAND SP NATO Sci Comm, Polish Minist Def, USA European Res Off, US Edgewood Chem & Biol Ctr DE aerosol detection; flow cytometry; microbiology; immunoassay; DNA dyes ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ACRIDINE-ORANGE; BACTERIA; FLUORESCENCE; SEPARATION; INDEX; SIZE AB Flow Cytometry (FCM), unlike conventional forms of spectroscopy, allows one to interrogate individual members of a sample population for size, shape, biological, and/or chemical properties. Over the past several years, we have investigated the use of flow cytometry to detect and identify microorganisms in aerosols. The effort to date has shown that changes in scatter patterns or DNA composition suggest that changes in the ambient air are evident. The use of macromolecular dyes and fluorescently tagged antibodies can be used to identify specific components in the aerosol. Moreover, it is possible to combine several of these modes into one step. The assays presented here take five minutes or less to perform. Strategies for the use of flow cytometry to characterize biological aerosols will be discussed. Both laboratory and field studies are discussed which demonstrate the potential use of FCM as a means to detect and characterize microbiological materials in aerosols. This paper is the opinion of the authors and does not reflect any official opinions of the Department of the Army, Department of Defense, or any other US Government Agency. The use or naming of any products in this paper does not constitute an endorsement by the Department of the Army, Department of Defense, or any other US Government Agency. C1 USA, Edgewood Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Res & Technol Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Stopa, PJ (reprint author), USA, Edgewood Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Res & Technol Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-6304-3 J9 NATO SCI S 1 DISARM PY 2000 VL 30 BP 137 EP 158 PG 22 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA BR43T UT WOS:000166415300012 ER PT B AU Henchal, EA Ibrahim, MS AF Henchal, EA Ibrahim, MS BE Stopa, PJ Bartoszcze, MA TI Evaluation of polymerase chain reaction assays for identifying biological agents SO RAPID METHODS FOR ANALYSIS OF BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS IN THE ENVIRONMENT SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTE SERIES, SUB-SERIES 1: DISARMAMENT TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on rapid Methods for Monitoring the Environment for Biological Hazards CY MAY 19-22, 1997 CL WARSAW, POLAND SP NATO Sci Comm, Polish Minist Def, USA European Res Off, US Edgewood Chem & Biol Ctr ID AMPLIFICATION; PCR AB Rapid, sensitive, and specific assays for the identification of biological agents in environmental and clinical samples are needed by laboratories within the Department of Defense to protect the health of service members. We evaluated the capability of four different gene amplification formats based upon the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method to identify biological agents. Microplate-based assays and miniaturization will make these approaches accessible to field laboratories. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Henchal, EA (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, 1425 Porter St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-6304-3 J9 NATO SCI S 1 DISARM PY 2000 VL 30 BP 239 EP 249 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA BR43T UT WOS:000166415300019 ER PT S AU Nath, J Kausalya, S AF Nath, J Kausalya, S BE Chiueh, CC TI Neutrophil-endothelial cell interactions - Inverse correlation between nitric oxide and superoxide anions SO REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES: FROM RADIATION TO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY: A FESTSCHRIFT IN HONOR OF DANIEL L GILBERT SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Reactive Oxygen Species from Radiation to Molecular Biology in honor of Daniel L Gilbert CY JUL 02, 1998 CL NIH, ROS INTEREST GRP, BETHESDA, MARYLAND SP NIH Labs, Oxygen Club HO NIH, ROS INTEREST GRP ID MECHANISMS; INJURY C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Resp Res, Div Med Casualty Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Nath, J (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Resp Res, Div Med Casualty Res, 503 Robert Grant St,Rm 1N-85, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-238-X J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2000 VL 899 BP 411 EP 414 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BQ52C UT WOS:000088609100035 PM 10863559 ER PT B AU Tzeng, JT AF Tzeng, JT BE Cardon, AH Fukuda, H Reifsnider, KL Verchery, G TI Creep and stress relaxation of composite cylinders SO RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN DURABILITY ANALYSIS OF COMPOSITE SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Durability Analysis of Composite Systems (DURACOSYS99) CY JUL 11-14, 1999 CL BRUSSELS, BELGIUM SP Free Univ Brussels, Fdn SCi Res, Flemish Reg, Virginia Polytechn Inst & State Univ, USN, Off Res, USA, European Res Off, Sci Univ Tokyo, Univ Bourgogne AB Stress relaxation and creep of composite cylinders are investigated based on anisotropic viscoelasticity. The analysis accounts for ply-by-ply variation of material properties, ply orientations, and temperature gradients through the thickness of cylinders subjected to mechanical and thermal loads. Fiber-reinforced composite materials generally illustrate extreme anisotropy in viscoelastic behavior. Accordingly, viscoelastic characteristics of composite cylinders are quite different from those of isotropic cylinders. Over a period of time, viscoelastic effects of the composite can result in a drastic change of stress and strain profiles in the cylinders, which is critical for the structural durability of composite cylinders. The developed analysis can be applied to composite pressure vessels and flywheels. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Tzeng, JT (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5809-103-1 PY 2000 BP 369 EP 374 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BP89E UT WOS:000086522100044 ER EF