FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Bembenek, SD Rice, BM AF Bembenek, SD Rice, BM TI Transitioning model potentials to real systems. II. Application to molecular oxygen SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; TEMPERATURE AB Recently, we introduced a novel computer simulation technique to determine the optimal set of parameters of an interaction potential for a simple monatomic liquid. This technique was used to obtain interaction potentials of the Lennard-Jones form that accurately describe argon over its entire liquid phase at a fixed pressure [S. D. Bembenek and B. M. Rice, Mol. Phys. 97, 1085 (1999)]. Here, we extend this technique to a homonuclear diatomic molecular system, liquid oxygen. This technique was first applied to a system in which the oxygen molecules were treated as point masses interacting through a modified Lennard-Jones potential. Simulations using the resulting optimal set of potential parameters of this system predict densities that are within 0.25% of experiment over the entire liquid range of oxygen at a fixed pressure. However, the errors in the internal energy and the enthalpy were as large as 9.8%. The technique was then used to determine the optimal parameters for a system of harmonic molecules, in which each molecule has two interaction sites centered at the atomic nuclei. The intermolecular interaction is the sum of all site-site interactions described by a modified Lennard-Jones potential. Simulations using these parameters reproduce experimental densities with an error no greater than 0.80%. The predictions of the internal energy and enthalpy differ from experiment by no more than 3.0% for temperatures below 90 K; predictions at 90 K differ from experiment by no more than 4.11%. These results seem to suggest that our method for determining parameters for an interaction potential is also applicable to simple molecular systems. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-9606(00)50930-1]. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Chem, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Bembenek, SD (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Chem, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 8 PY 2000 VL 113 IS 6 BP 2354 EP 2359 DI 10.1063/1.482050 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 344XT UT WOS:000088786900037 ER PT J AU Watt, G Kantipong, P de Souza, M Chanbancherd, P Jongsakul, K Ruangweerayud, R Loomis-Price, LD Polonis, V Myint, KS Birx, DL Brown, AE Krishna, S AF Watt, G Kantipong, P de Souza, M Chanbancherd, P Jongsakul, K Ruangweerayud, R Loomis-Price, LD Polonis, V Myint, KS Birx, DL Brown, AE Krishna, S TI HIV-1 suppression during acute scrub-typhus infection SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; TYPE-1; LOAD; DIAGNOSIS; IMPACT AB Background In HIV-1-infected individuals, viral load has been reported to rise transiently if an acute infection with another organism occurs. Our study was prompted by the unexpected finding that HIV-1 copy number fell during an acute infection with Orientia tsutsugamushi, the causative agent of scrub typhus. Methods Serial HIV-1 viral load determinations were made in ten Thai adults with scrub typhus, who were not receiving antiretroviral therapy, and in five HIV-1-infected patients who had other infections (four malaria, one leptospirosis), during and after acute infections. Sera from HIV-1-infected patients with scrub typhus and from mice immunised with O tsutsugamushi were examined for HIV-1-suppressive activity. Findings Median viral load 3 days after admission was significantly lower in the scrub-typhus group than in patients with other infections (193% vs 376% of day 28 values, p=0.03). In four O tsutsugamushi-infected patients HIV-1 RNA copy number fell by three-fold or more compared with day 28 values, and HIV-1 copy numbers were below the assay threshold in two patients with scrub typhus, Five of seven HIV-1 isolates from non-typhus patients with CD4 lymphocytes less than 200 cells/mu L were syncytia-inducing variants, whereas all ten isolates from O tsutsugamushi-infected individuals matched by CD4-cell count were non-syncytia inducing (p=0.03). Sera from an HIV-1-negative patient with scrub typhus bad potent HIV-1-suppressive activity in vitro, Sera from typhus-infected mice inhibited HIV-1 syncytia formation and bound by immunofluorescence to HIV-1-infected lymphocytes. Interpretation HIV-1-suppressive factors are produced during some scrub-typhus infection and should be investigated further in the search for novel strategies for the treatment and prevention of AIDS. C1 Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, USAMC, Retrovirol Dept, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, USAMC, Dept Virol, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Chiangrai Reg Hosp, Chiangrai, Thailand. Army Inst Pathol, Bangkok, Thailand. Maesod Hosp, Tak Prov, Thailand. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Retrovirol, Rockville, MD USA. Univ London St Georges Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Infect Dis, London SW17 0RE, England. RP Watt, G (reprint author), AFRIMS, Dept Retrovirol, HIV Interact Sect, APO, AP 96546 USA. OI Krishna, Sanjeev/0000-0003-0066-0634 NR 23 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 1 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD AUG 5 PY 2000 VL 356 IS 9228 BP 475 EP 479 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)02557-5 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 342QY UT WOS:000088657700014 PM 10981892 ER PT J AU Campbell, DJ AF Campbell, DJ TI The proactive employee: Managing workplace initiative SO ACADEMY OF MANAGEMENT EXECUTIVE LA English DT Article ID ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR; PRO-SOCIAL BEHAVIOR; PERFORMANCE; LEADERSHIP; COMMITMENT AB Business and behavioral undertakings such as job enrichment, participation, empowerment, and transformational leadership are organizational attempts to expand the employee role. This article examines a number of these undertakings to illustrate how they function as role-expansion mechanisms, and how they implicitly define five role characteristics generally reflective of a proactive employee. While job and task competence, interpersonal effectiveness, and organizational orientation have always been associated with the employee role, the other two role characteristics-enterprising qualities and personal integrity-represent relatively new expectations. These new demands raise some important issues for firms and managers, centered on differences associated with the firm's, the manager's, and the employee's expectations regarding the use of judgment and initiative. The article examines some implications of these differences, discusses person-environment fit considerations, and proposes recommendations for handling the problem. It concludes with a discussion of how the continuing evolution of the employee role blurs the traditional line between manager and employee, and how this affects the traditional managerial role. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Behav Sci & Leadership, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Campbell, DJ (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Behav Sci & Leadership, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 42 TC 86 Z9 89 U1 7 U2 37 PU ACAD MANAGEMENT PI BRIARCLIFF MANOR PA PACE UNIV, PO BOX 3020, 235 ELM RD, BRIARCLIFF MANOR, NY 10510-8020 USA SN 0896-3789 J9 ACAD MANAGE EXEC JI Acad. Manage. Exec. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 14 IS 3 BP 52 EP 66 PG 15 WC Management SC Business & Economics GA 349DF UT WOS:000089028000014 ER PT J AU Danielson, KT Uras, RA Adley, MD Li, S AF Danielson, KT Uras, RA Adley, MD Li, S TI Large-scale application of some modern CSM methodologies by parallel computation SO ADVANCES IN ENGINEERING SOFTWARE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th NASA National Symposium on Large-Scale Analysis, Design and Intelligent Synthesis Environments CY OCT 12-15, 1999 CL WILLIAMSBURG, VIRGINIA SP NASA DE parallel computing; finite elements; meshfree methods; reproducing kernel particle methods; large deformation; inelasticity; explicit dynamics ID KERNEL PARTICLE METHODS; MICROPLANE MODEL; CONCRETE AB In this paper, the authors demonstrate the significant benefits that High Performance Computing has provided for several large-scale applications of some modern Computational Structural Mechanics (CSM) methodologies. Large complex dynamic analyses, involving large strain/deformation and inelasticity, were reasonably performed by parallel processing with recent constitutive models and modern computational techniques. The predictions were made with finite element and mesh-free method software developed by the authors, using Message Passing interface on GRAY T3E and IBM SP platforms. Excellent scalability on hundreds of processors was attained, which demonstrated the large-scale viability of the methodologies and greatly improved the authors' research and development productivity, (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Northwestern Univ, Mech Engn & Army High Performance Comp Res Ctr, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Reactor Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Danielson, KT (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Waterways Expt Stn, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd,CEERD-SD-R, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RI Li, Shaofan/G-8082-2011 OI Li, Shaofan/0000-0002-6950-1474 NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0965-9978 J9 ADV ENG SOFTW JI Adv. Eng. Softw. PD AUG-SEP PY 2000 VL 31 IS 8-9 BP 501 EP 509 DI 10.1016/S0965-9978(00)00033-8 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 346MR UT WOS:000088876100002 ER PT J AU Sawka, MN Montain, SJ AF Sawka, MN Montain, SJ TI Fluid and electrolyte supplementation for exercise heat stress SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Role of Dietary Supplements for Physically Active People CY JUN 03-04, 1996 CL BETHESDA, MARYLAND DE skin blood flow; cystic fibrosis; dehydration; fluid redistribution; hypohydration; hyperhydration; older adults; spinal cord injury; sweating; thermoregulation ID DIURETIC-INDUCED DEHYDRATION; GRADED HYPOHYDRATION LEVELS; PLASMA-VOLUME EXPANSION; TEMPERATURE REGULATION; VOLUNTARY DEHYDRATION; BODY-FLUIDS; THERMAL REGULATIONS; PROLONGED EXERCISE; PHYSICAL EXERCISE; CYSTIC-FIBROSIS AB During exercise in the heat, sweat output often exceeds water intake? resulting in a body water deficit (hypohydration) and electrolyte losses. Because daily water losses can he substantial, persons need to emphasize drinking during exercise as well as at meals. For persons consuming a normal diet, electrolyte supplementation is not warranted except perhaps during the first few days of heat exposure. Aerobic exercise is likely to be adversely affected by heat stress and hypohydration; the warmer the climate the greater the potential for performance decrements. Hypohydration increases heat storage and reduces a person's ability to tolerate heat strain. The increased heat storage is mediated by a lower sweating rate (evaporative heat loss) and reduced skin blood flow (dry heat loss) for a given core temperature. Heat-acclimated persons need to pay particular attention to fluid replacement because heat acclimation increases sweat losses, and hypohydration negates the thermoregulatory advantages conferred by acclimation. it has been suggested that hyperhydration (increased total body water) may reduce physiologic strain during exercise heat stress, but data supporting that notion are not robust. Research is recommended for 3 populations with fluid and electrolyte balance problems: older adults, cystic fibrosis patients, and persons with spinal cord injuries. C1 USA, Thermal & Mt Med Div, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Sawka, MN (reprint author), USA, Thermal & Mt Med Div, Environm Med Res Inst, Kansas St, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 110 TC 44 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 72 IS 2 SU S BP 564S EP 572S PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 342FH UT WOS:000088634200012 PM 10919961 ER PT J AU Cossentino, MJ Ormseth, EJ Tavaf-Motamen, H Cheney, CP AF Cossentino, MJ Ormseth, EJ Tavaf-Motamen, H Cheney, CP TI Congenital bronchoesophageal fistula in the adult: A case report SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Article AB Congenital bronchoesophageal fistula is a rare anomaly that may go undiagnosed for many years. There are <200 reported cases in the literature. Patients usually present with chronic cough, a history of multiple pneumonias, and, less often, hemoptysis. The most sensitive test to diagnose a bronchoesophageal fistula is barium esophagogram. Surgical resection is the treatment of choice and is definitive in almost all cases. We present the case of a 52-yr-old woman with a history of cough and multiple pneumonias who sought medical treatment for abdominal pain. We discuss the presentation and the radiographic, endoscopic, and surgical findings, along with a review of the literature. (C) 2000 by Am. Cell. of Gastroenterology. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Serv Gastroenterol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Cossentino, MJ (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Serv Gastroenterol, Room 2J05,6900 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0002-9270 J9 AM J GASTROENTEROL JI Am. J. Gastroenterol. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 95 IS 8 BP 2116 EP 2118 PG 3 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 343KN UT WOS:000088701700046 PM 10950069 ER PT J AU Wong, RKH Hanson, DG Waring, PJ Shaw, G AF Wong, RKH Hanson, DG Waring, PJ Shaw, G TI ENT manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHRONIC POSTERIOR LARYNGITIS; GASTRIC-ACID; AMBULATORY ESOPHAGEAL; OMEPRAZOLE; PH; LARYNGEAL; HOARSENESS; SYMPTOMS; DISEASE; BREAKTHROUGH C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Gastroenterol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Northwestern Univ, Sch Med, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Chicago, IL USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Wong, RKH (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Gastroenterol Serv, 6900 Georgia Ave NW,Bldg 2,7F43, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 56 TC 57 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0002-9270 J9 AM J GASTROENTEROL JI Am. J. Gastroenterol. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 95 IS 8 SU S BP S15 EP S22 DI 10.1016/S0002-9270(00)01074-1 PG 8 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 344KR UT WOS:000088746500004 PM 10950101 ER PT J AU Stiles, KP Yuan, CM Chung, EM Lyon, RD Lane, JD Abbott, KC AF Stiles, KP Yuan, CM Chung, EM Lyon, RD Lane, JD Abbott, KC TI Renal biopsy in high-risk patients with medical diseases of the kidney SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF KIDNEY DISEASES LA English DT Article DE renal biopsy; kidney biopsy; transjugular; transvenous; open; laparoscopic; high risk; coagulopathy; uremia ID PREOPERATIVE BLEEDING-TIME; TRANSJUGULAR LIVER-BIOPSY; UREMIC PATIENTS; NATIVE KIDNEYS; NEEDLE TRACK; REAL-TIME; COMPLICATIONS; DESMOPRESSIN; EMBOLIZATION; MANAGEMENT AB The number of high-risk patients undergoing renal biopsy is likely to increase in the near future because of the increased use of anticoagulants for such conditions as atrial fibrillation, combined liver and kidney disease caused by hepatitis C, and the aging of the population. Nephrologists need to become increasingly familiar with evaluating such patients through both specialized management of percutaneous kidney biopsy and alternate methods of renal biopsy, which primarily consist of open (surgical) biopsy, transjugular (transvenous) biopsy, and laparoscopic biopsy. The indications, complications, and general approach to such patients are discussed. This is a US government work. There are no restrictions on its use. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Nephrol, Dept Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Intervent Radiol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Serv Nephrol, Ft Gordon, GA USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Abbott, KC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Nephrol, Dept Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 99 TC 56 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0272-6386 J9 AM J KIDNEY DIS JI Am. J. Kidney Dis. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 36 IS 2 BP 419 EP 433 DI 10.1053/ajkd.2000.8998 PG 15 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 352PM UT WOS:000089227100026 PM 10922324 ER PT J AU Leondires, MP Ernst, SD Miller, BT Scott, RT AF Leondires, MP Ernst, SD Miller, BT Scott, RT TI Triplets: Outcomes of expectant management versus multifetal reduction for 127 pregnancies SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 62nd Annual Meeting of the South-Atlantic-Association-of-Obstetricians-and-Gynecologists CY JAN 22-25, 2000 CL ST PETERSBURG, FLORIDA SP S Atlantic Assoc Obstetricians & Gynecologists DE triplets; multifetal pregnancy reduction; spontaneous abortion; perinatal mortality ID LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; SELECTIVE REDUCTION; QUADRUPLET PREGNANCIES; MULTIPLE GESTATIONS; TWINS AB OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to compare outcomes of women with triplet gestations conceived via assisted reproductive technology who chose expectant management or multifetal pregnancy reduction. STUDY DESIGN: We performed a retrospective review of all women who initiated assisted reproductive technology cycles from August 1995 through July 1997 with ultrasonographic documentation of triplets exhibiting fetal heart tones at 9 weeks of gestation (N = 127). Patients were then uniformly referred to a maternal-fetal medicine specialist and to 3 centers offering multifetal pregnancy reduction. RESULTS: Thirty-six percent of patients (46/127) chose multifetal pregnancy reduction with 95% undergoing reduction to twins. In the expectant management group, 13.6% of pregnancies were reduced spontaneously after 9 weeks of gestation. The "take home" infant per delivery rates for the multifetal pregnancy reduction and expectant management groups were 87% and 90.1%, respectively (P=.66). The mean gestational ages at delivery (+/-SE) for the multifetal pregnancy reduction and expectant management groups were 33.25 +/- 1.03 weeks and 32.04 +/- 0.58 weeks (P=.23), and the mean birth weights of infants delivered at >24 weeks of gestation were 2226 +/- 79 and 1796 +/- 44, respectively (P<.0001). There were no significant differences in perinatal mortality, gestational age at delivery, or "take home" infant per delivery rates between these groups. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that multifetal pregnancy reduction does not have a significant impact on the probability of live birth or on gestational age at delivery for women with triplets conceived with assisted reproductive technology. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Natl Naval Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Bethesda, MD USA. NICHHD, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. St Barnabas Med Ctr, Inst Reprod Med & Sci, Livingston, NJ USA. RP Leondires, MP (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Rm 2J06,Bldg 2,6825 16th St NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 24 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 183 IS 2 BP 454 EP 459 DI 10.1067/mob.2000.105546 PG 6 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 346NL UT WOS:000088877900058 PM 10942486 ER PT J AU Yore, MM Bell, NS Senier, L Amoroso, PJ AF Yore, MM Bell, NS Senier, L Amoroso, PJ TI Progress toward attainment of the Healthy People 2000 objectives in the US army - Measured by Health Risk Appraisal results SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE alcohol drinking; health behavior; health promotion; health surveys; military personnel; nutrition; physical fitness; risk; smoking AB Background: Healthy People 2000 (HP2000) is a national agenda of health promotion and disease prevention objectives, with specific health behavior goals in 22 priority areas. The U.S. Army Health Risk Appraisal (HRA) is a self-administered health-habits survey, inquiring about tobacco and alcohol use, physical activity, nutrition, and safety-related practices, given to more than 400,000 active-duty U.S. Army soldiers in die 1990s. This article compares the health behaviors of U.S. Army soldiers, as measured by the HRA, with the HP2000 objectives. Methods: We compared cross-sectional analyses of self-reported health behaviors of active-duty Army personnel responding to HRA questionnaires in 1991 (n=78,256) and in 1997-1998 (n=59,771) with corresponding HP2000 objectives. We also calculated longitudinal changes for personnel who took more than one HRA (n=86,393). Results: By 1991-1998, the Army exceeded HP2000 physical fitness goals by at least 50% and also exceeded goals fur eating high-fiber foods and using bicycle helmets. The Army did not meet goals for nutrition, tobacco use, and seat-belt use. Conclusions: The Army has made good progress toward the HP2000 goals. However, improvement is needed to meet the tobacco, nutrition, and safety goals. C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Social Sectors Dev Strategies Inc, Natick, MA USA. Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Yore, MM (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, 42 Kansas St, Natick, MA 01760 USA. FU NIAAA NIH HHS [R29 AA11407-01] NR 12 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 19 IS 2 BP 87 EP 93 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(00)00181-1 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 338YA UT WOS:000088449800003 PM 10913897 ER PT J AU Blanck, RR AF Blanck, RR TI Anthrax vaccination is based on medical evidence SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Letter C1 Care Of Monroe A, USA, Directorate Hlth Care Operat, Med Command, Falls Church, VA 22041 USA. RP Blanck, RR (reprint author), Care Of Monroe A, USA, Directorate Hlth Care Operat, Med Command, 5111 Leesburg Pike,Suite 401, Falls Church, VA 22041 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD AUG PY 2000 VL 90 IS 8 BP 1326 EP 1326 DI 10.2105/AJPH.90.8.1326 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 338BR UT WOS:000088398700040 PM 10937023 ER PT J AU Gaertner, EM Steinberg, DM Huber, M Hayashi, T Tsuda, N Askin, FB Bell, SW Nguyen, B Colby, TV Nishimura, SL Miettinen, M Travis, WD AF Gaertner, EM Steinberg, DM Huber, M Hayashi, T Tsuda, N Askin, FB Bell, SW Nguyen, B Colby, TV Nishimura, SL Miettinen, M Travis, WD TI Pulmonary and mediastinal glomus tumors - Report of five cases including a pulmonary glomangiosarcoma: A clinicopathologic study with literature review SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SURGICAL PATHOLOGY LA English DT Review DE mediastinal tumors; pulmonary tumors; glomus tumor; glomangiosarcoma ID PRIMITIVE NEUROECTODERMAL TUMORS; SOFT-TISSUE; TRACHEA; HEMANGIOPERICYTOMA; LUNG AB Pulmonary and mediastinal glomus tumors are rare lesions, with four previously reported primary pulmonary cases and three mediastinal cases. The authors report one mediastinal glomus tumor, a locally infiltrative type, and four pulmonary glomus tumors, including the first case of primary pulmonary glomangiosarcoma. These tumors show a variety of clinical and pathologic differences from the more common cutaneous variety, including later age at presentation, larger size, and more frequent atypical/malignant features. Mediastinal and pulmonary glomus tumors both have an average patient age at presentation of 45 years. However, compared with their pulmonary counterparts, mediastinal glomus tumors are less common, more often symptomatic, and an larger (average size, 5.4 cm). Additionally, mediastinal glomus tumors more often demonstrate malignant or atypical features, Pulmonary glomus tumors average 3.3 cm in greatest dimension, with the majority measuring less than 2.5 cm. The pulmonary glomangiosarcoma presented was large, measuring 9.5 cm, and showed increased mitotic count (9 mitoses/10 high-power fields), necrosis, cytologic atypia, and was associated with disseminated disease. Regardless of clinical symptoms, histologic features, and even metastases, the vast majority of all benign and malignant glomus tumors are indolent and cured surgically, with adjuvant therapy needed only for occasional patients with more advanced disease. The four patients with glomus tumors reported are currently alive and free of disease as of last follow up. The patient with the glomangiosarcoma developed widespread metastases and died of disease 68 weeks after initial therapy. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. Pathol Bakteriol Inst, Vienna, Austria. Nagasaki Univ Hosp, Nagasaki, Japan. St Johns Hosp, Springfield, IL USA. Mayo Clin Scottsdale, Scottsdale, AZ USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Travis, WD (reprint author), Dept Pulm & Mediastinal Pathol, 6825 NW 16 St,Bldg 54,Room M003B, Washington, DC 20306 USA. NR 45 TC 65 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0147-5185 J9 AM J SURG PATHOL JI Am. J. Surg. Pathol. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 24 IS 8 BP 1105 EP 1114 DI 10.1097/00000478-200008000-00008 PG 10 WC Pathology; Surgery SC Pathology; Surgery GA 340RA UT WOS:000088547400008 PM 10935651 ER PT J AU Lauder, TD Dillingham, TR Andary, M Kumar, S Pezzin, LE Stephens, RT Shannon, S AF Lauder, TD Dillingham, TR Andary, M Kumar, S Pezzin, LE Stephens, RT Shannon, S TI Electrodiagnosis in the upper limb - The authors reply SO ARCHIVES OF PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION LA English DT Letter C1 Mayo Clin, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Madigan Army Med Ctr, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. Womack Army Med Ctr, Ft Bragg, NC 28307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Lauder, TD (reprint author), Mayo Clin, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0003-9993 J9 ARCH PHYS MED REHAB JI Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 81 IS 8 BP 1131 EP 1131 DI 10.1016/S0003-9993(00)70078-5 PG 1 WC Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences SC Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences GA 349JJ UT WOS:000089041700023 ER PT J AU Osterkamp, TE Viereck, L Shur, Y Jorgenson, MT Racine, C Doyle, A Boone, RD AF Osterkamp, TE Viereck, L Shur, Y Jorgenson, MT Racine, C Doyle, A Boone, RD TI Observations of thermokarst and its impact on boreal forests in Alaska, USA SO ARCTIC ANTARCTIC AND ALPINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PERMAFROST; ECOSYSTEMS; CLIMATE; TUNDRA AB Thermokarst is developing in the boreal forests of Alaska where ice-rich discontinuous permafrost is thawing. Thawing destroys the physical foundation (ice-rich soil) on which boreal forest ecosystems rest causing dramatic changes in the ecosystem. Impacts on the forest depend primarily on the type and amount of ice present in the permafrost and on drainage conditions. At sites generally underlain by ice-rich permafrost, forest ecosystems can be completely destroyed. In the Mentasta Pass area, wet sedge meadows, bogs, thermokarst ponds, and lakes are replacing forests. An upland thermokarst site on the University of Alaska Campus consists of polygonal patterns of troughs and pits caused by thawing ice-wedge polygons. Trees are destroyed in corresponding patterns. In the Tanana Flats, ice-rich permafrost supporting birch forests is thawing rapidly and the forests are being converted to minerotrophic floating mat fens. At this site, an estimated 83% of 2.6*10(5) ha was underlain by permafrost a century or more ago. About 42% of this permafrost has been influenced by thermokarst development within the last 1 to 2 centuries. Thaw subsidence at the above sites is typically 1 to 2 m with some values up to 6 m. Much of the discontinuous permafrost in Alaska is extremely warm, usually within 1 or 2 degrees C of thawing, and highly susceptible to thermal degradation. Additional warming will result in the formation of new thermokarst. C1 Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Alaska, Dept Forest Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Golder Associates Inc, Anchorage, AK 99507 USA. ABR Inc, Fairbanks, AK 99708 USA. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Osterkamp, TE (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. NR 50 TC 117 Z9 129 U1 8 U2 58 PU INST ARCTIC ALPINE RES PI BOULDER PA UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA SN 1523-0430 J9 ARCT ANTARCT ALP RES JI Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 32 IS 3 BP 303 EP 315 DI 10.2307/1552529 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 353AX UT WOS:000089252500009 ER PT J AU Panoskaltsis-Mortari, A Strieter, RM Hermanson, JR Fegeding, KV Murphy, WJ Farrell, CL Lacey, DL Blazar, BR AF Panoskaltsis-Mortari, A Strieter, RM Hermanson, JR Fegeding, KV Murphy, WJ Farrell, CL Lacey, DL Blazar, BR TI Induction of monocyte- and T-cell-attracting chemokines in the lung during the generation of idiopathic pneumonia syndrome following allogeneic murine bone marrow transplantation SO BLOOD LA English DT Article ID VERSUS-HOST DISEASE; HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX BARRIER; TOTAL-BODY IRRADIATION; AIRWAY HYPERREACTIVITY; FAMILY CHEMOKINES; LYMPHOCYTES-T; BETA-FAMILY; MICE; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; CHEMOATTRACTANT AB Idiopathic pneumonia syndrome (IPS) is a significant complication following bone marrow transplantation (BMT), We have developed a murine model in which severe IFS is induced by pre-BMT conditioning and allogeneic T cells and is characterized by the recruitment of host monocytes and donor T cells into the lung by day 7 post-BMT. Chemokines regulate cellular recruitment and the migration of cells into inflammatory lesions. In this study, we examined the profiles of chemokines produced locally in the lung (parenchyma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid) and systemically (serum) during the generation of IFS in the peri-BMT period. Protein and messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of CC chemokines (monocyte/lymphocyte attractants), especially monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1 alpha, RANTES (regulated upon activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted), and C10, were preferentially induced in the lung by day 7 postallogeneic BMT. In addition, there was an increase in mRNA for IP-10 (a monocyte and Th1-cell chemoattractant). The CXC chemokines MIP-2 and KC, known neutrophil attractants, were moderately elevated. Far the most part, these increases in chemokines were dependent on the coinfusion of allogeneic T cells with the BM inoculum, Ribonuclease protection assay end in situ hybridization analyses post-BMT showed that the lung was a major producer of MCP-1, a potent inducer of monocyte chemotaxis, Increases in MCP-1 levels in the lung preceded host APC influx whereas MIP-1 alpha levels accompanied donor T-cell infiltration. In summary, we have shown that monocyte- and T-cell-attracting chemokines are associated with monocyte and T-cell recruitment during IFS. (C) 2000 by The American Society of Hematology. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Pediat, Div Heme Onc, Blood & Marrow Transplant Program, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Minnesota, Ctr Canc, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Washington, DC USA. NCI, Frederick Canc Res & Dev Ctr, SAIC Frederick, Frederick, MD USA. Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320 USA. RP Panoskaltsis-Mortari, A (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Pediat, Div Heme Onc, Blood & Marrow Transplant Program, Box 366 Mayo,420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 55209] NR 39 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD AUG 1 PY 2000 VL 96 IS 3 BP 834 EP 839 PG 6 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 337ZQ UT WOS:000088394000007 PM 10910893 ER PT J AU Sellgren, A Addie, G Scott, S AF Sellgren, A Addie, G Scott, S TI The effect of sand-clay slurries on the performance of centrifugal pumps SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 49th Conference of the Canadian-Society-for-Chemical-Engineering CY OCT 04-07, 1999 CL SASKATOON, CANADA SP Canadian Soc Chem Engn DE centrifugal slurry pumps; sand-clay mixtures; head and efficiency reductions; design criteria; modelling AB The addition of clay to sand slurries has been found to reduce the pipeline friction losses, thus lowering the pumping head and power consumption. Pump water heads and efficiencies are decreased by the presence of solid particles. Experimental results are presented for a centrifugal pump with an impeller diameter of 0.625 m for three narrowly graded sands with average particle sizes of 0.64, 1.27, and 2.2 mm. Reductions in head and efficiency of up to 30% were observed for sand slurries with volume concentrations of up to 35%. Head and efficiency were lowered by about one-third for sand-clay mixtures with sand to clay mass ratios between 4:1 and 6:1. Comparisons are made with design criteria and a mechanistic model approach based on a prediction of the relative motion of the solids and water in the volute region of the pump. C1 Lulea Univ Technol, Div Water Resources Engn, S-97187 Lulea, Sweden. GIW Ind Inc, Grovetown, GA 30813 USA. USA, Corps Engn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Sellgren, A (reprint author), Lulea Univ Technol, Div Water Resources Engn, S-97187 Lulea, Sweden. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU CANADIAN SOC CHEMICAL ENGINEERING PI OTTAWA PA 130 SLATER ST, STE 550, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 6E2, CANADA SN 0008-4034 J9 CAN J CHEM ENG JI Can. J. Chem. Eng. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 78 IS 4 BP 764 EP 769 PG 6 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 359LD UT WOS:000089611600020 ER PT J AU Nathan, SD Shorr, AF Schmidt, ME Burton, NA AF Nathan, SD Shorr, AF Schmidt, ME Burton, NA TI Aspergillus and endobronchial abnormalities in lung transplant recipients SO CHEST LA English DT Article DE anastamosis, surgical; aspergillus; bronchi; bronchoscopy; lung transplantation; respiratory function tests; surgical wound infection ID COMPLICATIONS; MANAGEMENT; SINGLE AB Study objective: To determine the relationship between aspergillus recovery from the airways of lung transplant recipients and the development of endobronchial abnormalities. Design: Retrospective case series. Setting: Tertiary-care hospital. Patients: All patients who underwent lung transplantation between December 1991 and June 1999, Measurements and results: The study cohort included 38 patients. The primary end point was the bronchoscopic identification of an endobronchial abnormality. Aspergillus was isolated from the lungs of nine patients (23.7%). Most of these isolates occurred early after transplantation (mean, 8 weeks). Endobronchial abnormalities arose in seven of the patients (18.4%) and manifested as either exuberant granulation tissue or stricture formation, Six of the 9 (66.6%) patients with aspergillus developed airway lesions, compared to 1 of the 29 patients (3.4%) without aspergillus (p = 0.0002). Endobronchial abnormalities were 19.3 times more likely to occur in patients in whom aspergillus had previously been isolated, As a screening test for the subsequent diagnosis of an airway complication, the recovery of aspergillus had a sensitivity and specificity of 85.7% and 90.3%, respectively. These aspergillus-related endobronchial abnormalities were clinically relevant as evidenced by a mean increase of 25.9% in the FEV1 after bronchoscopic intervention. Conclusion: The early isolation of aspergillus from the airways of lung transplant recipients identifies patients at increased risk for the development of clinically significant endobronchial abnormalities. C1 Inova Fairfax Hosp, Inova Transplant Ctr, Falls Church, VA 22042 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Pulm & Crit Care Med Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Nathan, SD (reprint author), Inova Fairfax Hosp, Inova Transplant Ctr, 3300 Gallows Rd, Falls Church, VA 22042 USA. NR 14 TC 30 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 USA SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD AUG PY 2000 VL 118 IS 2 BP 403 EP 407 DI 10.1378/chest.118.2.403 PG 5 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 344VB UT WOS:000088779200024 PM 10936132 ER PT J AU Wortmann, G AF Wortmann, G TI Levofloxacin-resistant pneumococcus - Reply SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Infect Dis Clin, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Wortmann, G (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Infect Dis Clin, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 31 IS 2 BP 627 EP 627 DI 10.1086/313962 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 363MD UT WOS:000089838700049 ER PT J AU Wilhelmsen, CL Waag, DM AF Wilhelmsen, CL Waag, DM TI Guinea pig abscess/hypersensitivity model for study of adverse vaccination reactions induced by use of Q fever vaccines SO COMPARATIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID COXIELLA-BURNETII; PHASE-I; MICE AB Background and Purpose: The Coxiella burnetii phase-I cellular vaccine is efficacious in humans, imparting nearly complete protection against Q fever. However, this vaccine can also induce sterile abscesses and granulomas at the inoculation site in humans previously sensitized by natural infection or vaccination. To decrease the possibility of vaccinating immune persons, vaccinees are currently screened by skin testing to detect pre-existing Q fever immunity. We developed a model of abscess hypersensitivity in Hartley guinea pigs to assess the likelihood that Q fever vaccines would induce adverse vaccination reactions in previously sensitized individuals. Methods: Guinea pigs (4 to 6/group) were sensitized to C. burnetii by immunization and aerosol challenge, or by intraperitoneal inoculation. Eight weeks later, animals were then vaccinated SC with a Q fever cellular (WCI) or chloroform:methanol residue (CMR) vaccine. Development of adverse reactions at the vaccination site was assessed histologically and by observation of increases in erythema and/or induration. Results: The WCI vaccine caused greater magnitude and duration of erythema and induration at; the vaccination sites than did the CMR vaccine. In addition, non-immune guinea pigs developed induration when given WCI, but not CMR vaccine. Conclusions: The CMR vaccine may prove a safe alternative to WCI vaccines for use in individuals unscreened for prior immunity to C. burnetii. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Pathogenesis & Immunol Branch, Bacteriol Div, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Pathol, Comparat Pathol Branch, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. RP Waag, DM (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Pathogenesis & Immunol Branch, Bacteriol Div, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. NR 11 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE PI MEMPHIS PA 9190 CRESTWYN HILLS DR, MEMPHIS, TN 38125 USA SN 0023-6764 J9 COMPARATIVE MED JI Comparative Med. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 50 IS 4 BP 374 EP 378 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 354MH UT WOS:000089333900006 PM 11020154 ER PT J AU Macedonia, M AF Macedonia, M TI Distributed file sharing: Barbarians at the gates? SO COMPUTER LA English DT Article C1 USA, Simulat Training & Instrumentat Command, Orlando, FL USA. RP Macedonia, M (reprint author), USA, Simulat Training & Instrumentat Command, Orlando, FL USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0018-9162 J9 COMPUTER JI Computer PD AUG PY 2000 VL 33 IS 8 BP 99 EP 101 DI 10.1109/2.863986 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 345CH UT WOS:000088797500022 ER PT J AU Lavery, JE AF Lavery, JE TI Shape-preserving, multiscale fitting of univariate data by cubic L-1 smoothing splines SO COMPUTER AIDED GEOMETRIC DESIGN LA English DT Article DE cubic smoothing spline; data fitting; multiscale; scattered data; shape preservation AB A new class of Ci-smooth univariate cubic L-1 smoothing splines is introduced. The coefficients of these smoothing splines are calculated by minimizing the weighted sum of the L-1 norm of the residuals of the data-fitting equations and the L-1 norm of the second derivative of the spline. Cubic L-1 smoothing splines preserve shape well for arbitrary data, including multiscale data with abrupt changes in magnitude and spacing. Extensions to higher-degree and higher-dimensional smoothing splines are outlined. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Res Off, Res Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Lavery, JE (reprint author), USA, Res Off, Res Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, POB 12211, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 21 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8396 J9 COMPUT AIDED GEOM D JI Comput. Aided Geom. Des. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 17 IS 7 BP 715 EP 727 DI 10.1016/S0167-8396(00)00025-X PG 13 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 337DT UT WOS:000088342700007 ER PT J AU Werbovetz, KA AF Werbovetz, KA TI Target-based drug discovery for malaria, leishmaniasis, and trypanosomiasis SO CURRENT MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID PARASITE PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; CYSTEINE PROTEASE INHIBITORS; STRUCTURE-BASED DESIGN; TRYPANOTHIONE REDUCTASE INHIBITORS; BLOOD-STREAM FORMS; UNUSUAL ADENOSINE TRANSPORTER; SELF-ASSEMBLY INVITRO; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; PLASMEPSIN-II; BRUCEI-BRUCEI AB Advances in combinatorial chemistry, high-throughput screening, and molecular modeling have revolutionized the process of drug discovery in the pharmaceutical industry. Drug discovery efforts for the primary protozoal parasitic diseases of the developing world, malaria, leishmaniasis, and trypanosomiasis, have also begun to employ these techniques. Drug targets in these parasites, exemplified by cysteine proteases and trypanothione reductase, have been purified and used for inhibitor screening. Through this work, small molecules have been identified that inhibit both parasite proteins and the growth of the organisms. This review describes advances that have been made in examining the effects of small molecules on potential parasitic drug targets determined by biochemical and computer-based screening, and also details the activity of such compounds on parasites in vitro and in vivo. Based on these results, it is apparent that modern drug discovery techniques hold promise for the identification of antiparasitic drug candidates. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Dept Parasitol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Werbovetz, KA (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Dept Parasitol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RI Werbovetz, Karl/E-4290-2011 NR 160 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 7 PU BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD PI HILVERSUM PA PO BOX 1673, 1200 BR HILVERSUM, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-8673 J9 CURR MED CHEM JI Curr. Med. Chem. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 7 IS 8 BP 835 EP 860 PG 26 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 335JB UT WOS:000088239400004 PM 10828290 ER PT J AU Elston, DM AF Elston, DM TI What's eating you? Rhipicephalus ticks SO CUTIS LA English DT Article ID IXODES-SCAPULARIS ACARI; PERSONAL PROTECTION; CLOTHING TREATMENT; LEAF-LITTER; PERMETHRIN; IXODIDAE; SANGUINEUS; REMOVAL; DEET; INFESTATIONS C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol MCHE DD, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Elston, DM (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol MCHE DD, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 650 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0011-4162 J9 CUTIS JI Cutis PD AUG PY 2000 VL 66 IS 2 BP 103 EP 106 PG 4 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 344TG UT WOS:000088774500003 PM 10955187 ER PT J AU Berzins, V Shing, MT Luqi Saluto, M Williams, J AF Berzins, V Shing, MT Luqi Saluto, M Williams, J TI Architectural re-engineering of Janus using object modeling and rapid prototyping SO DESIGN AUTOMATION FOR EMBEDDED SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th IEEE International Workshop on Rapid Systems Prototyping (RSP 99) CY JUN 16-18, 1999 CL CLEARWATER, FLORIDA SP IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Simulat, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Test Technol, Assoc Comp Machinery SIGSIM DE computer-aided prototyping; software re-engineering; software evolution; object-oriented architecture; combat simulation AB This paper describes a case study to determine whether computer-aided prototyping techniques provide a cost-effective means for re-engineering legacy software. The case study consists of developing an object-oriented modular architecture for the existing US Army Janus combat simulation system, and validating the architecture via an executable prototype using the Computer Aided Prototyping System (CAPS), a research tool developed at the Naval Postgraduate School. The case study showed that prototyping can be a valuable aid in the re-engineering of legacy systems, particularly in cases where radical changes to system conceptualization and software structure are needed. The CAPS system enabled us to do this with a minimal amount of coding effort. C1 USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. US Mil Acad, EECS Dept, W Point, NY 10996 USA. JSIMS Joint Program Off, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. RP Berzins, V (reprint author), USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Comp Sci, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-5585 J9 DES AUTOM EMBED SYST JI Des. Autom. Embed. Syst. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 5 IS 3-4 BP 251 EP 263 DI 10.1023/A:1008950118001 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 332LL UT WOS:000088075700005 ER PT J AU Day, JW Shaffer, GP Britsch, LD Reed, DJ Hawes, SR Cahoon, D AF Day, JW Shaffer, GP Britsch, LD Reed, DJ Hawes, SR Cahoon, D TI Pattern and process of land loss in the Mississippi Delta: A spatial and temporal analysis of wetland habitat change SO ESTUARIES LA English DT Article ID SUBMERGING COASTAL MARSH; SEDIMENT DEPOSITION; RIVER DELTA; WATER-LEVEL; LOUISIANA; MANAGEMENT; SUBSIDENCE; VEGETATION; ACCRETION; MEXICO AB An earlier investigation (Turner 1997) concluded that most of the coastal wetland loss in Louisiana was caused by the effects of canal dredging, that loss was near zero in the absence of canals, and that land loss had decreased to near zero by the late 1990s. This analysis was based on a 15-min quadrangle (approximately 68,000 ha) scale that is too large to isolate processes responsible for small-scale wetland loss and too small to capture those responsible for large-scale loss. We conducted a further evaluation of the relationship between direct loss due to canal dredging and all other loss from 1933-1990 using a spatial scale of 4,100 ha that accurately captures local land-loss processes. Regressions of other wetland loss on canal area (i.e., direct loss) for the Birdfoot, Terrebonne, and Calcasieu basins were not significant. Positive relationships were found for the Breton (r(2) = 0.675), Barataria (r(2) = 0.47), and Mermentau (r(2) = 0.35) basins, indicating that the extent of canals is significantly related to wetland loss in these basins. A significant negative relationship (r(2) = 0.36) was found for the Atchafalaya coastal basin which had statistically lower loss rates than the other basins as a whole. The Atchafalaya area receives direct inflow of about one third of the Mississippi discharge. When the data were combined for all basins, 9.2% of the variation in other wetland loss was attributable to canals. All significant regressions intercepted the y-axis at positive loss values indicating that some loss occurred in the absence of canals. Wetland loss did not differ significantly from the coast inland or between marsh type. We agree with Turner that canals are an important agent in causing wetland loss in coastal Louisiana, but strongly disagree that they are responsible for the vast majority of this loss. We conclude that wetland loss in the Mississippi delta is an ongoing complex process involving several interacting factors and that efforts to create and restore Louisiana's coastal wetlands must emphasize riverine inputs of freshwater and sediments. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Coastal Ecol Inst, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. SE Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Hammond, LA 70402 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Div Engn, New Orleans, LA 70160 USA. Univ New Orleans, Dept Geol, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Planning Div, New Orleans, LA 70160 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Day, JW (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Coastal Ecol Inst, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. NR 61 TC 205 Z9 212 U1 8 U2 151 PU ESTUARINE RES FEDERATION PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0160-8347 J9 ESTUARIES JI Estuaries PD AUG PY 2000 VL 23 IS 4 BP 425 EP 438 DI 10.2307/1353136 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 357TE UT WOS:000089516300001 ER PT J AU Brandt, HE AF Brandt, HE TI Finslerian quantum fields and microcausality SO FOUNDATIONS OF PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE quantum field theory; microcausality; Finslerian fields; spacetime tangent bundle; maximal proper acceleration; Planck scale ID SPACETIME TANGENT BUNDLE AB Microcausality is addressed for a class of Finslerian quantum fields in Minkowski spacetime by the calculation of the appropriate field commutators. It is demonstrated that, provided the adjoint field is consistently generalized, the necessary commutators are vanishing, and the field is microcausal. There are, however, Planck-scale modifications of the causal domain, but they only become significant for extremely large relative four-velocities at the separated spacetime points. For vanishing relative four-velocities, the causal domain is canonical. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Brandt, HE (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 36 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0894-9875 J9 FOUND PHYS LETT JI Found. Phys. Lett. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 13 IS 4 BP 307 EP 328 DI 10.1023/A:1007871326346 PG 22 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 369TM UT WOS:000165083100001 ER PT J AU Farley, J Gray, K Nycum, L Prentice, M Birrer, MJ Jakowlew, SB AF Farley, J Gray, K Nycum, L Prentice, M Birrer, MJ Jakowlew, SB TI Endocervical cancer is associated with an increase in the ligands and receptors for transforming growth factor-beta and a contrasting decrease in p27(Kip1) SO GYNECOLOGIC ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE TGF-beta; p27(Kip1); endocervix; carcinogenesis ID SQUAMOUS INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA; COLON-CARCINOMA-CELLS; HUMAN BREAST-CANCER; TGF-BETA; UTERINE CERVIX; II RECEPTOR; ADENOCARCINOMA INSITU; C-MYC; MICROSATELLITE INSTABILITY; ALTERED EXPRESSION AB Objective. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the expression of the TGF-beta ligands and TGF-beta receptors to the expression of p27(Kip1), a TGF-beta-regulated gene, in endocervical cancer, Methods. To examine the expression of TGF-beta and p27(Kip1) in malignant transformation of the uterine endocervix, a panel of 23 formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded human cervical specimens, including 8 with benign endocervical glands, 8 with cervical adenocarcinoma in situ, and 7 with cervical adenocarcinomas, was used. Tissues were immunostained with polyclonal antibodies that react specifically with TGF-beta 1, TGF-beta 2, TGF-beta 3, TGF-beta RI, TGF-beta RII, and p27(Kip1). Results. Immunostaining for TGF-beta 1, TGF-beta 2, TGF-beta 3, TGF-beta RI, TGF-beta RII, and p27(Kip1) was detected in normal endocervix, with the TGF-beta s showing weak cytoplasmic staining, while p27(Kip1) showed strong nuclear staining, Expression of TGF-beta increased significantly upon neoplastic transformation with the TGF-beta ligands and receptors showing strong cytoplasmic staining in adenocarcinoma in situ compared to normal endocervix, Interestingly, expression of TGF-beta was lower in adenocarcinoma than in adenocarcinoma in situ, but still significantly higher than in normal endocervix, TGF-beta 2 and TGF-beta 3 showed higher levels of immunostaining than TGF-beta 1 in adenocarcinomas, In contrast, p27(Kip1) protein expression decreased with progressive malignancy, with lower p27(Kip1) protein levels detected in adenocarcinoma than in adenocarcinoma in situ, while normal endocervix showed the highest level of p27(Kip1) protein expression. Conclusion. Elevated expression of the TGF-beta ligands and receptors is found in both cervical adenocarcinoma in situ and adenocarcinoma compared to normal endocervix, In contrast, a progressive decrease in p27(Kip1) occurs upon neoplastic transformation of the normal endocervix to cervical adenocarcinoma, These results suggest that neoplastic transformation of the endocervix may be related to dysregulation of TGF-beta and p27(Kip1) seen as an elevation of TGF-beta and a reduction of p27(Kip1) expression that may lead to loss of cell cycle control. C1 NCI, Dept Cell & Canc Biol, Med Branch, Div Clin Sci, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Gynecol Oncol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Naval Med Ctr Portsmouth, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Gynecol Oncol, Norfolk, VA 23505 USA. RP Jakowlew, SB (reprint author), NCI, Dept Cell & Canc Biol, Med Branch, Div Clin Sci, 9610 Med Ctr Dr,Suite 300, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. NR 73 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0090-8258 J9 GYNECOL ONCOL JI Gynecol. Oncol. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 78 IS 2 BP 113 EP 122 DI 10.1006/gyno.2000.5879 PG 10 WC Oncology; Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Oncology; Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 345JJ UT WOS:000088812600006 PM 10926789 ER PT J AU Saini, SS Johnson, FG Stone, DR Shen, H Zhou, W Dagenais, M AF Saini, SS Johnson, FG Stone, DR Shen, H Zhou, W Dagenais, M TI Passive active resonant coupler (PARC) platform with mode expander SO IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE alignment tolerant structures; mode expander; monolithic integration; photonic integrated structures; quantum wells; semiconductor lasers ID PHOTONIC INTEGRATED-CIRCUITS AB We have developed a monolithic integration platform where three waveguides of different characteristics are using a single epitaxial growth. This is achieved by having three waveguides in the growth direction and by coupling the mode between them by resonance over compact tapers. The top waveguide is an active waveguide optimized for gain at 1.55 mu m, The middle waveguide is a confined passive waveguide optimized for passive devices such as splitters and filters, etc. The bottom waveguide is a large loosely confined passive waveguide optimized for a high coupling efficiency to a single-mode fiber. The mode is coupled from the active waveguide to the confined passive waveguide over a 120-mu m-long taper with less than 0.1-dB coupling loss. To couple the mode from the confined passive waveguide to the large-mode passive waveguide, a 270-mu m-long taper is used with less than 0.25-dB coupling loss. Lasers have been fabricated to test the platform and have a butt-coupling loss of 3.5 dB to a standard cleaved single-mode fiber. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. Univ Maryland, Lab Phys Sci, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20856 USA. RP Saini, SS (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1041-1135 J9 IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L JI IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 12 IS 8 BP 1025 EP 1027 DI 10.1109/68.867996 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 354NM UT WOS:000089336600030 ER PT J AU Torrieri, DJ AF Torrieri, DJ TI Mobile frequency-hopping CDMA systems SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 49th IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC 99) CY MAY 16-JUN 20, 1999 CL HOUSTON, TEXAS SP IEEE DE cellular communications; code-division multiple access; frequency-hopping; mobile communications; peer-to-peer communications ID CAPACITY; RADIO AB Through analysis and simulation, a unified evaluation of the potential performance of both mobile peer-to-peer and sectorized cellular frequency-hopping code-division multiple-access (CDMA) systems is presented, The equivalent number of frequency channels and the minimum area-mean signal-to noise ratio are defined and shown to be important parameters in understanding and predicting network capacity, The effects of spectral splatter are analyzed, Separated orthogonality is defined and shown to be useful in completely eliminating intracell or intrasector interference, Spatial diversity by postdetection rather than predetection combining is proposed and shown to be invaluable. Noncoherent demodulation by a frequency discriminator rather than parallel matched filters and envelope detectors is proposed and shown to be effective, It is shown that el en without exploiting either its natural bandwidth advantage or power control, frequency-hopping CDMA provides a reverse-link capacity nearly the same as direct-sequence CDMA with realistic power-control imperfections. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Torrieri, DJ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 17 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0090-6778 J9 IEEE T COMMUN JI IEEE Trans. Commun. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 48 IS 8 BP 1318 EP 1327 DI 10.1109/26.864169 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 349HB UT WOS:000089038700012 ER PT J AU Goodner, MD DeSimone, JM Kiserow, DJ Roberts, GW AF Goodner, MD DeSimone, JM Kiserow, DJ Roberts, GW TI An equilibrium model for diffusion-limited solid-state polycondensation SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID POLYETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE; COMPREHENSIVE MODEL; ETHYLENE-GLYCOL; POLYMERIZATION; POLY(ETHYLENE-TEREPHTHALATE); KINETICS; POLYCARBONATES; REACTORS; NYLON-6 AB A model for unsteady-state solid-state polycondensation (SSP) is developed and is applied to the polymerization of poly(bisphenol A carbonate) and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET). The model assumes that diffusion of the reaction condensate in the solid polymer is the rate-limiting step in the overall polymerization kinetics. Therefore, the reversible polycondensation reaction is at local equilibrium throughout the polymer particle at all times. The model is applicable to the three general types of step-growth polymerization: AB, A(2), and A(2) + B-2 polycondensation. Through comparison with the predictions of a full kinetic model for polycarbonate synthesis, it is demonstrated that the equilibrium model provides an upper bound on molecular weight and its rate of increase. Model predictions are also compared to experimental data for PET SSP. These comparisons show that the equilibrium model provides a useful. tool for understanding the effects of temperature and particle size as well as for establishing a lower bound on the diffusion coefficient of the reaction condensate in the solid polymer. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Kiserow, DJ (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, CB 3290, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. NR 27 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 39 IS 8 BP 2797 EP 2806 DI 10.1021/ie990648o PG 10 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 343WZ UT WOS:000088726600022 ER PT J AU Cohen, D Orr, N Haim, M Ashkenazi, S Robin, G Green, MS Ephros, M Sela, T Slepon, R Ashkenazi, I Taylor, DN Svennerholm, AM Eldad, A Shemer, J AF Cohen, D Orr, N Haim, M Ashkenazi, S Robin, G Green, MS Ephros, M Sela, T Slepon, R Ashkenazi, I Taylor, DN Svennerholm, AM Eldad, A Shemer, J TI Safety and immunogenicity of two different lots of the oral, killed enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli cholera toxin B subunit vaccine in Israeli young adults SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID ANTIBODY-SECRETING CELLS; WHOLE-CELL; IMMUNOGLOBULIN-A; IMMUNIZATION; ANTIGEN; BLOOD AB Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is one of the leading causes of diarrhea among Israeli soldiers serving in field units. Two double-blind placebo-controlled, randomized trials were performed among 155 healthy volunteers to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of different lots of the oral, killed ETEC vaccine consisting of two doses of whole cells plus recombinantly produced cholera toxin B subunit (rCTB). The two doses of vaccine lot E005 and the first dose of vaccine lot E003 were well tolerated by the volunteers. However, 5 (17%) vaccinees reported an episode of vomiting a few hours after the second dose of lot E003; none of the placebo recipients reported similar symptoms. Both lots of vaccine stimulated a rate of significant antibody-secreting cell (ASC) response to CTB and to colonization factor antigen I (CFA/I) after one or two doses, ranging from 85 to 100% and from 81 to 100%, respectively. The rate of ASC response to CS2, CS4, and CS5 was slightly lower than the rate of ASC response induced to CTB, CFA/I, and CS1. The second vaccine dose enhanced the response to CTB but did not increase the frequencies or magnitude of ASC responses to the other antigens. The two lots of the ETEC vaccine induced similar rates of serum antibody responses to CTB and CFA/I which were less frequent than the ASC responses to the same antigens. Based on these safety and immunogenicity data, an efficacy study of the ETEC vaccine is under way in the Israel Defense Force. C1 Tel Aviv Univ, Sackler Fac Med, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Technion Israel Inst Technol, Bruce Rappaport Fac Med, Haifa, Israel. Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Fac Hlth Sci, Beer Sheva, Israel. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel. Hadassah Med Sch, Jerusalem, Israel. Univ Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC USA. EM danic@netvision.net.il RI Haim, Moti/K-7381-2014 NR 18 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 EI 1098-5522 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 68 IS 8 BP 4492 EP 4497 DI 10.1128/IAI.68.8.4492-4497.2000 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 337AY UT WOS:000088336200016 PM 10899847 ER PT J AU Choi, KK Chen, CJ Tsui, DC AF Choi, KK Chen, CJ Tsui, DC TI Corrugated quantum well infrared photodetectors for material characterization SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PHOTOCONDUCTIVE GAIN; WAVELENGTH; PERFORMANCE; DETECTORS AB In this article, we discuss the utilities of corrugated quantum well infrared photodetectors (C-QWIPs) in detector material characterization. By measuring the detector responsivity as a function of corrugation period, several important detector parameters, such as the absorption coefficient alpha of parallel propagating light and the energy resolved photoconductive gain g, can be directly deduced. For the QWIP material presented, alpha at the peak was found to be 0.21 mu m(-1) under the usual operating condition. This value of alpha corresponds to an absorption length of 4.8 mu m. Instead of being a constant, the value of g also varies significantly across the excitation spectrum, and the peak value is larger than the noise gain at large bias. Our results show that the present characterization technique is capable of providing accurate and detailed information on the intrinsic properties of QWIP materials under actual operating conditions. It is extremely useful in detector optimization. In addition, we also show the characteristics of C-QWIPs with an additional vertical trench at the center of each corrugation to gain more insights into the distribution of light intensity in a C-QWIP structure. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(00)08015-4]. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Choi, KK (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Choi, Kwong-Kit/K-9205-2013 NR 16 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 2000 VL 88 IS 3 BP 1612 EP 1623 DI 10.1063/1.373862 PG 12 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 334CA UT WOS:000088166500062 ER PT J AU Walters, TJ Ryan, KL Tate, LM Mason, PA AF Walters, TJ Ryan, KL Tate, LM Mason, PA TI Exercise in the heat is limited by a critical internal temperature SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE brain; electromagnetic fields; hypothalamus; microwaves; thermoregulation; treadmill ID PROLONGED EXERCISE; MUSCLE METABOLISM; BODY-TEMPERATURE; BRAIN; RATS; PERFORMANCE; STRESS; FATIGUE AB We examined whether fatigue during exertional heat stress occurred at a critical internal temperature independent of the initial temperature at the start of exercise. Microwaves (2.1 GHz; 100 mW/cm(2)) were used to rapidly (3-8 min) heat rats before treadmill exercise to exhaustion. In a repeated-measures design, food-restricted male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 11) were preheated to three levels (low, medium, and high). In addition, two sham exposures, Sham 1 and Sham 2, were administered at the beginning and end of the study, respectively. At the initiation of exercise, hypothalamic (T-hyp) and rectal (T-rec) temperatures ranged from 39.0 degrees C to 42.8 degrees C (T-hyp) and 42.1 degrees C (T-rec). The treadmill speed was 17 m/min (8 degrees grade), and the ambient temperature during exercise was 35 degrees C. Each treatment was separated by 3 wk. Run time to exhaustion was significantly reduced after preheating. There was a significant negative correlation between run time and initial T-hyp and T-rec (r = 0.73 and 0.74, respectively). The temperatures at exhaustion were not significantly different across treatments, with a range of 41.9-42.2 degrees C (T-hyp) and 42.2-42.5 degrees C (T-rec). There were no significant differences in run time in the sham runs administered at the start and end of the investigation. No rats died as a result of exposure to any of the treatments, and body weight the day after each treatment was unaffected. These results support the concept that a critical temperature exists that limits exercise in the heat. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Veridian Engn, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Trinity Univ, Dept Biol, San Antonio, TX 78212 USA. RP Walters, TJ (reprint author), USA, Inst Surg Res, 3400 Rawley E Chambers Ave, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 24 TC 101 Z9 103 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 8750-7587 J9 J APPL PHYSIOL JI J. Appl. Physiol. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 89 IS 2 BP 799 EP 806 PG 8 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA 347LD UT WOS:000088930200053 PM 10926668 ER PT J AU Campbell, AA Song, L Li, XS Nelson, BJ Bottoni, C Brooks, DE DeJong, ES AF Campbell, AA Song, L Li, XS Nelson, BJ Bottoni, C Brooks, DE DeJong, ES TI Development, characterization, and anti-microbial efficacy of hydroxyapatite-chlorhexidine coatings produced by surface-induced mineralization SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE surface-induced mineralization; chlorhexidine; hydroxyapatite; orthopedic; external fixation pin; antimicrobial ID BIODEGRADABLE BONE-CEMENT; RELEASE; OSTEOMYELITIS; PROPHYLAXIS; PREVENTION; SURGERY AB The surface-induced mineralization (SIM) technique was used to produce hydroxyapatite (HAP) coatings on external fixation pins with the antimicrobial agent, chlorhexidine, incorporated within the coating. The SIM process involved surface modification of the substrate with organic functional groups followed by immersion in aqueous supersaturated calcium phosphate solutions. X-ray diffraction spectra confirmed that hydroxyapatite coatings were formed. Chlorhexidine was incorporated into the coating by placing the substrate into various chlorhexidine solutions in between mineralization cycles. Total uptake was measured by dissolution of the coating into a 0.1 (M) under bar nitric acid solution and measuring the chlorhexidine concentration using UV spectroscopy at 251 nm. Release rates were measured by submersion of coated substrates into saline solutions and measuring chlorhexidine UV absorbency at 231 nm as a function of time. Results show an initial rapid release followed by a period of slower sustained release. The anti-microbial efficacy of the HAP-chlorhexidine coatings was evaluated in vitro using a staphylococcus aureus cell culture, Initial results: show a large "inhibition zone" formed around the chlorhexidine/HAP coating vs, coatings with HAP only. This preliminary work clearly demonstrates that SIM HAP coatings have great potential to locally deliver antimicrobial agents such as chlorhexidine at implantation sites, which may greatly reduce the incidence of pin tract infection that occurs in external fixation. (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, NW Div, Dept Mat Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Dwight D Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Orthopaed Surg Serv, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. Keller Army Community Hosp, Orthopaed Surg Serv, W Point, NY 10996 USA. USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Campbell, AA (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, NW Div, Dept Mat Sci, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 24 TC 86 Z9 93 U1 0 U2 14 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0021-9304 J9 J BIOMED MATER RES JI J. Biomed. Mater. Res. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 53 IS 4 BP 400 EP 407 DI 10.1002/1097-4636(2000)53:4<400::AID-JBM14>3.0.CO;2-Z PG 8 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 336MU UT WOS:000088307500014 PM 10898881 ER PT J AU DiFazio, M Hinds, SR Depper, M Tom, B Davis, R AF DiFazio, M Hinds, SR Depper, M Tom, B Davis, R TI Intracranial fibromuscular dysplasia in a six-year-old child: A rare cause of childhood stroke SO JOURNAL OF CHILD NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID DEFICIENCY; ARTERIES; ANGIOGRAPHY; BRAIN AB Intracranial fibromuscular dysplasia is a nonatheromatous angiopathy that most commonly affects adult women and is rarely recognized in children. Symptoms include stroke and headache, although the vasculopathy may be asymptomatic. Diagnosis is based on angiographic appearance, commonly described as a "string of beads." The etiology of intracranial fibromuscular dysplasia is not known, although possible causes include genetic predisposition, trauma, and underlying connective tissue disease. Treatment of intracranial fibromuscular dysplasia is largely supportive once symptoms become manifest. We report a 6-year-old girl who presented to our center for further evaluation of a large left middle cerebral artery distribution infarction. The patient was previously healthy, without known risk factors for stroke. Initial symptoms consisted of a dense global aphasia and a right hemiparesis. On arrival, the patient's aphasia had improved but she continued to have significant deficits in both receptive and expressive language as well as residual right hemiparesis. Magnetic resonance imaging and conventional angiographic studies demonstrated characteristic beading of the distal portion of the left internal carotid artery, as well as the proximal middle cerebral artery. Laboratory evaluation, echocardiogram, and renal ultrasound were normal. The renal vasculature did not demonstrate evidence of intracranial fibromuscular dysplasia. In conclusion, intracranial fibromuscular dysplasia should be considered in the differential diagnosis of childhood stroke. When recognized, other sites of vascular involvement should be sought, and consideration of underlying disorders is important, as connective tissue disorders have been associated with a propensity to develop this vascular abnormality. Careful follow-up is warranted, due to possible progression of disease. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Child & Adolescent Neurol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Neuroradiol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP DiFazio, M (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Child & Adolescent Neurol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU DECKER PERIODICALS INC PI HAMILTON PA 4 HUGHSON STREET SOUTH PO BOX 620, LCD 1, HAMILTON, ONTARIO L8N 3K7, CANADA SN 0883-0738 J9 J CHILD NEUROL JI J. Child Neurol. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 15 IS 8 BP 559 EP 562 DI 10.1177/088307380001500814 PG 4 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA 344HB UT WOS:000088752200013 PM 10961798 ER PT J AU Kulldorff, M McShane, LM Schatzkin, A Freedman, LS Wargovich, MJ Woods, C Purewal, M Burt, RW Lawson, M Mateski, DJ Lanza, E Corle, DK O'Brien, B Moler, J AF Kulldorff, M McShane, LM Schatzkin, A Freedman, LS Wargovich, MJ Woods, C Purewal, M Burt, RW Lawson, M Mateski, DJ Lanza, E Corle, DK O'Brien, B Moler, J TI Measuring cell proliferation in the rectal mucosa: comparing bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) assays SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE colorectal cancer; colon adenomas; correlation; variance components; biopsies ID POLYP PREVENTION TRIAL; COLON-CANCER RISK; COLORECTAL MUCOSA; CALCIUM SUPPLEMENTATION; 5-BROMO-2-DEOXYURIDINE; ADENOMA; INVITRO; INVIVO AB Cell proliferation in the human colorectum can be measured using bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) or proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) assays. Using data from the National Cancer Institute's Polyp Prevention Trial, these two assays are compared using correlation coefficients and variance components analysis. Adjusting for fixed as well as for the random effects of between-biopsy and scoring variation, the estimated correlation is 0.46 for the log labeling index and 0.45 for log proliferative height. This is an estimate of the highest correlation that can be achieved by taking multiple biopsies scored by multiple scorers. For single biopsies, the estimated correlation is 0.16 and 0.10, respectively. There are significant differences between the variance components for the two assays. For example, for log labeling index, PCNA has a lower variation between biopsies than BrdU, but higher variation between scorings, When used in a clinical or epidemiological setting, it is important to take multiple biopsies at multiple time points. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA. Kaiser Permanente Med Ctr, Sacramento, CA USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Westat Inc, Rockville, MD USA. Informat Management Serv, Rockville, MD USA. RP Kulldorff, M (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Sch Med, Dept Community Med, Div Biostat, Farmington, CT 06030 USA. RI Kulldorff, Martin/H-4282-2011; OI Kulldorff, Martin/0000-0002-5284-2993; Moler, James/0000-0001-8738-6898 NR 37 TC 8 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0895-4356 J9 J CLIN EPIDEMIOL JI J. Clin. Epidemiol. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 53 IS 8 BP 875 EP 883 DI 10.1016/S0895-4356(99)00180-8 PG 9 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 347CA UT WOS:000088908400015 PM 10942872 ER PT J AU Echavarria, M Kolavic, SA Cersovsky, S Mitchell, F Sanchez, JL Polyak, C Innis, BL Binn, LN AF Echavarria, M Kolavic, SA Cersovsky, S Mitchell, F Sanchez, JL Polyak, C Innis, BL Binn, LN TI Detection of adenoviruses (AdV) in culture-negative environmental samples by PCR during an AdV-associated respiratory disease outbreak SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID US MILITARY; TRAINEES AB Since 1954, adenoviruses (AdV) have been recognized as an important cause of acute respiratory disease (ARD) among U.S. military recruits. Until recently, routine oral vaccination for AdV serotypes 4 and 7 eliminated epidemic AdV-associated ARD in this population. Now that the manufacturer has ceased production, vaccination has ended and AdV epidemics have reappeared, As part of a prospective epidemiological study during the high-risk ARD season, serial samples were obtained from ventilation system filters and tested for AdV by culture and PCR, An outbreak occurred during this surveillance. Of 59 air filters, 26 (44%) were AdV positive only by PCR Sequence analysis confirmed the presence of AdV serotype 4, the implicated outbreak serotype. The number of AdV-related hospitalizations was directly correlated with the proportion of filters containing AdV; correlation coefficients were 0.86 (Pearson) and 0.90 (Spearman's rho), This is the first report describing a PCR method to detect airborne AdV during an ARD outbreak. It suggests that this technique can detect and quantify AdV-associated ARD exposure and may enable further definition of environmental effects on AdV-associated ARD spread. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Communicable Dis & Immunol, Dept Virus Dis, Washington, DC USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn Advancement Mil Med, Rockville, MD USA. USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Binn, LN (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Virus Res, Forney Dr,Bldg 503, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 12 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 38 IS 8 BP 2982 EP 2984 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 340XL UT WOS:000088561700033 PM 10921963 ER PT J AU McBiles, M Chacko, AK AF McBiles, M Chacko, AK TI Coping with PACS downtime in digital radiology SO JOURNAL OF DIGITAL IMAGING LA English DT Article DE PACS; failure; hospital information system; server AB As radiology departments become increasingly reliant on picture archiving and communication systems, they become more vulnerable to computer downtime that can paralyze a smoothly running department. The experiences and strategies developed during various types of picture archiving and communication system (PACS) downtime in a large radiology department that has completely converted to soft copy interpretation in all modalities except mammography are presented. Because these failures can be minimized but not eliminated, careful planning is necessary to minimize their impact. Copyright (C) 2000 by W.B. Saunders Company. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP McBiles, M (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0897-1889 J9 J DIGIT IMAGING JI J. Digit. Imaging PD AUG PY 2000 VL 13 IS 3 BP 136 EP 142 PG 7 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 344PW UT WOS:000088768900007 PM 15359753 ER PT J AU Hsiao, KT Mathur, R Advani, SG Gillespie, JW Fink, BK AF Hsiao, KT Mathur, R Advani, SG Gillespie, JW Fink, BK TI A closed form solution for flow during the vacuum assisted resin transfer molding process SO JOURNAL OF MANUFACTURING SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID WOVEN FIBER PREFORMS; UNSATURATED FLOW; POROUS-MEDIA; SIMULATION; PERMEABILITY; MODEL AB A closed form solution to the flow of resin in vacuum assisted resin transfer molding process (VARTM) has been derived. VARTM is used extensively for affordable manufacturing of large composite structures. During the VARTM process, a highly permeable distribution medium is incorporated into the preform as a surface layer. During infusion, the resin flows preferentially across the surface and simultaneously through the preform giving rise to a complex flow front. The analytical solution presented here provides insight into the scaling laws governing fill times and resin inlet placement as a function of the properties of the preform, distribution media and resin. The formulation assumes that the flow is fully developed and is divided into two regimes: a saturated region with no crossflow and a flow front region where the resin is infiltrating into the preform from the distribution medium. The flow front region moves with a uniform velocity. The law of conservation of mass and Darcy's Law for flow through porous media are applied in each region. The resulting equations are nondimensionalized and are solved to yield the flow front shape and the development of the saturated region. It is found that the flow front is parabolic in shape and the length of the saturated region is proportional to the square root of the time elapsed. The results thus obtained are compared to data from full scale simulations and an error analysis of the solution was carried out. It was found that the time to fill is determined with a high degree of accuracy while the error in estimating the flow front length, d, increases with a dimensionless parameter epsilon =K(2xx)h(2)(2)/K(2yy)d(2). The solution allows greater insight into the process physics, enables parametric and optimization studies and can reduce the computational cost of full-scale 3-dimensional simulations. A parametric study is conducted to establish the sensitivity of flow front velocity to the distribution media/preform thickness ratio and permeabilities and preform porosity. The results provide insight into the scaling laws for manufacturing of large scale structures by VARTM. [S1087-1357(00)02002-5]. C1 Univ Delaware, Ctr Composite Mat, Dept Mech Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Univ Delaware, Ctr Composite Mat, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Hsiao, KT (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Ctr Composite Mat, Dept Mech Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. NR 21 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 14 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 1087-1357 J9 J MANUF SCI E-T ASME JI J. Manuf. Sci. Eng.-Trans. ASME PD AUG PY 2000 VL 122 IS 3 BP 463 EP 475 DI 10.1115/1.1285907 PG 13 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 404PP UT WOS:000167109800012 ER PT J AU Bauman, RA Widholm, JJ Petras, JM McBride, K Long, JB AF Bauman, RA Widholm, JJ Petras, JM McBride, K Long, JB TI Secondary hypoxemia exacerbates the reduction of visual discrimination accuracy and neuronal cell density in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus resulting from fluid percussion injury SO JOURNAL OF NEUROTRAUMA LA English DT Article DE fluid percussion injury; secondary hypoxemia; visual discrimination ID TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY; CONTROLLED CORTICAL IMPACT; CLOSED-HEAD INJURY; COGNITIVE DEFICITS; MEMORY DYSFUNCTION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; NERVOUS-SYSTEM; RATS; HYPOXIA; HIPPOCAMPUS AB The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of secondary hypoxemia on visual discrimination accuracy after parasagittal fluid percussion injury (FPI). Rats lived singly in test cages, where they were trained to repeatedly execute a flicker-frequency visual discrimination for food. After learning was complete, all rats were surgically prepared and then retested over the following 4-5 days to ensure recovery to presurgery levels of performance. Rats were then assigned to one of three groups [FPI + Hypoxia (IPI), FPI + Normoxia (IN), or Sham Injury + Hypoxia (SH)] and were anesthetized with halothane delivered by compressed air. Immediately after injury or sham injury, rats in groups IH and SH were switched to a 13% O-2 source to continue halothane anesthesia for 30 min before being returned to their test cages. Anesthesia for rats in group IN was maintained using compressed air for 30 min after injury. FPI significantly reduced visual discrimination accuracy and food intake, and increased incorrect choices. Thirty minutes of immediate posttraumatic hypoxemia significantly (1) exacerbated the PBI-induced reductions of visual discrimination accuracy and food intake, (2) further increased numbers of incorrect choices, and (3) delayed the progressive recovery of visual discrimination accuracy. Thionine stains of midbrain coronal sections revealed that, in addition to the loss of neurons seen in several thalamic nuclei following FPI, cell loss in the ipsilateral dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLG) was significantly greater after FPI and hypoxemia than after FPI alone. In contrast, neuropathological changes were not evident following hypoxemia alone. These results show that, although hypoxemia alone was without effect, posttraumatic hypoxemia exacerbates FPI-induced reductions in visual discrimination accuracy and secondary hypoxemia interferes with control of the rat's choices by flicker frequency, perhaps in part as a result of neuronal loss and fiber degeneration in the dLG. These results additionally confirm the utility of this visual discrimination procedure as a sensitive, noninvasive means of assessing behavioral function after experimental traumatic brain injury. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Neurosci, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Vet Med, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. American Univ, Dept Psychol, Washington, DC 20016 USA. RP Bauman, RA (reprint author), Dept Neurobehav Assessment, Div Neurosci, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 59 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 0897-7151 J9 J NEUROTRAUM JI J. Neurotrauma PD AUG PY 2000 VL 17 IS 8 BP 679 EP 693 DI 10.1089/089771500415427 PG 15 WC Critical Care Medicine; Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC General & Internal Medicine; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 347WF UT WOS:000088951600005 PM 10972244 ER PT J AU Manganaro, AM Will, MJ Rafetto, LK AF Manganaro, AM Will, MJ Rafetto, LK TI Rapidly enlarging lesion of the upper lip SO JOURNAL OF ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY LA English DT Article ID MALFORMATIONS; EMBOLIZATION; FACE C1 Darnall Army Hosp, Ft Hood, TX USA. Comprehens Gen Dent Residency, Ft Hood, TX USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. USA, Washington, DC USA. Christiana Care Hlth Syst, Sect Oral & Maxillofacial Surg, Wilmington, DE USA. RP Manganaro, AM (reprint author), POB 932, Round Rock, TX 78680 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0278-2391 J9 J ORAL MAXIL SURG JI J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 58 IS 8 BP 883 EP 887 DI 10.1053/joms.2000.8213 PG 5 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 352RF UT WOS:000089231100015 PM 10935588 ER PT J AU Burns, WT Peacock, ME Cuenin, MF Hokett, SD AF Burns, WT Peacock, ME Cuenin, MF Hokett, SD TI Gingival recession treatment using a bilayer collagen membrane SO JOURNAL OF PERIODONTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE collagen, therapeutic use; gingival recession, surgery; gingival recession, therapy; guided tissue regeneration; membranes, bioabsorbable ID GUIDED TISSUE REGENERATION; DOUBLE PEDICLE GRAFT; BIOABSORBABLE MEMBRANE; CONNECTIVE-TISSUE; HISTOLOGIC EVALUATION; CLINICAL-EVALUATION AB Traditional periodontal plastic surgery techniques for the management of gingival recession have typically used soft tissue grafts to obtain defect coverage with great clinical success. Clinicians using guided tissue regeneration (GTR) techniques are also enjoying significant success in periodontal plastic surgery procedures. GTR therapy utilizing bioabsorbable membranes offers the advantages of preventing a donor site surgery and a second surgical procedure for barrier removal. A new bioabsorbable bilayer collagen membrane that readily adapts to bone and tooth surfaces by a gel formation of collagen fibers and blood may be stabilized without sutures prior to soft tissue closure. This bioabsorbable membrane has been shown to be effective in guided bone regeneration procedures and in treating periodontal defects. This case demonstrates the treatment of gingival recession with a novel collagen bilayer membrane. C1 USA, Periodont Residency Program, Dent Act, Tingay Dent Clin, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. USA, Dent Act, Ft Leonard Wood, MO USA. RP Hokett, SD (reprint author), USA, Periodont Residency Program, Dent Act, Tingay Dent Clin, Bldg 320,E Hosp Rd, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PERIODONTOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA 737 NORTH MICHIGAN AVENUE, SUITE 800, CHICAGO, IL 60611-2690 USA SN 0022-3492 J9 J PERIODONTOL JI J. Periodont. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 71 IS 8 BP 1348 EP 1352 DI 10.1902/jop.2000.71.8.1348 PG 5 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 411GL UT WOS:000167489800016 PM 10972651 ER PT J AU Fowler, EB Breault, LG Rebitski, G AF Fowler, EB Breault, LG Rebitski, G TI Ridge preservation utilizing an acellular dermal allograft and demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft: Part I. A report of 2 cases SO JOURNAL OF PERIODONTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE alveolar bone loss, prevention and control; dental esthetics; grafts, bone; grafts, soft tissue; guided bone regeneration; matrix, acellular dermal; membranes, barrier ID AUGMENTATION; MEMBRANES; ALLODERM; GRAFT AB Alveolar ridge deformities are usually the result of trauma, periodontal disease, surgical insult, or developmental defects. Preventing ridge collapse with the extraction of maxillary anterior teeth is vital to an esthetic restorative result. Several techniques are available to prevent ridge collapse, In these case presentations, ridge preservation was achieved utilizing an acellular dermal matrix as a barrier membrane with a demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft. This report demonstrated an acceptable esthetic result with no loss of ridge height or width. Soft tissue dimensions were also preserved. The two graft materials were well accepted by the body and healing was rapid and without significant discomfort. The technique illustrated provides the surgeon with another option to prevent ridge collapse and ultimately improve esthetics. C1 USA, Dent Act, Ft Wainwright, AK USA. USA, Dent Act, Schofield Barracks, HI USA. Lifecore Biomed, Chaska, MN USA. RP Fowler, EB (reprint author), 16620 135th Ave, Puyallup, WA 98374 USA. NR 29 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PERIODONTOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA 737 NORTH MICHIGAN AVENUE, SUITE 800, CHICAGO, IL 60611-2690 USA SN 0022-3492 J9 J PERIODONTOL JI J. Periodont. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 71 IS 8 BP 1353 EP 1359 DI 10.1902/jop.2000.71.8.1353 PG 7 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 411GL UT WOS:000167489800017 PM 10972652 ER PT J AU Fowler, EB Breault, LG Rebitski, G AF Fowler, EB Breault, LG Rebitski, G TI Ridge preservation utilizing an acellular dermal allograft and demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft: Part II. Immediate endosseous implant placement SO JOURNAL OF PERIODONTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE alveolar bone loss, prevention and control; dental esthetics; dental implants, endosseous; dental implants, immediate; grafts, bone; grafts, soft tissue; guided bone regeneration; membranes, barrier; matrix, acellular dermal ID AUGMENTATION; MEMBRANES; ALLODERM; GRAFT AB When maxillary anterior teeth are extracted, subsequent ridge collapse can significantly compromise esthetics. Preservation of an adequate volume of bone is vital to successful implant placement. Ridge preservation achieved utilizing an acellular dermal matrix as a barrier membrane with a demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft has been previously reported. In this case presentation, guided bone regeneration was achieved around an immediate endosseous implant when this same technique was used. As in the previous case reports, this technique demonstrated an acceptable esthetic result with virtually no loss of ridge height or width. Soft tissue dimensions were also preserved. Both the hard and soft tissue grafts were well accepted by the body and healing was rapid and without significant discomfort. This surgical technique provides the clinician with an option to provide immediate implant therapy when primary closure cannot be achieved. C1 USA, Dent Act, Ft Wainwright, AK USA. USA, Dent Act, Schofield Barracks, HI USA. Lifecore Biomed, Chaska, MN USA. RP Fowler, EB (reprint author), 16620 135th Ave, Puyallup, WA 98374 USA. NR 27 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ACAD PERIODONTOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA 737 NORTH MICHIGAN AVENUE, SUITE 800, CHICAGO, IL 60611-2690 USA SN 0022-3492 J9 J PERIODONTOL JI J. Periodont. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 71 IS 8 BP 1360 EP 1364 DI 10.1902/jop.2000.71.8.1360 PG 5 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 411GL UT WOS:000167489800018 PM 10972653 ER PT J AU Gruber, JB Zandi, B Justice, BH Westrum, EF AF Gruber, JB Zandi, B Justice, BH Westrum, EF TI Optical spectra and thermal Schottky levels in the high temperature gamma-phase of the lanthanide sesquisulfides SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE optical properties; magnetic properties; lanthanide sesquisulfides ID CRYSTAL-FIELD ANALYSIS; THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; GAMMA-ND2S3 AB The detailed crystal-field splitting of the energy levels of the trivalent lanthanide ions (Ln(3+)) in the high temperature gamma-phase of the lanthanide sesquisulfides (Ln(2)S(3)) are compared with calculations that employ lattice-sum and three-parameter theory models, The results are also compared with the thermal Schottky levels deduced from heat capacity measurements on samples of Ln(2)S(3) having similar composition and physical properties. Good agreement is reached between the calculated levels and the experimental levels that come from the two independent sources of data. it appears that the Ln(3+) site symmetry (S-4) in the Th3P4 defect structure of the high-temperature phase of Ln(2)S(3) can be represented by a slightly higher symmetry (D-2d) that reflects the symmetry of the Ln(3+) polyhedra in a lattice that has random cation vacancies throughout the unit cell. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 San Jose State Univ, Dept Phys, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Chem, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Gruber, JB (reprint author), San Jose State Univ, Dept Phys, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD AUG PY 2000 VL 61 IS 8 BP 1189 EP 1197 DI 10.1016/S0022-3697(99)00417-5 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 324NX UT WOS:000087629200001 ER PT J AU Ahmed, SA Smith, LA AF Ahmed, SA Smith, LA TI Light chain of botulinum a neurotoxin expressed as an inclusion body from a synthetic gene is catalytically and functionally active SO JOURNAL OF PROTEIN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE botulinum neurotoxin; zinc-endopeptidase; light chain; apo-light chain; exocytosis; inclusion body; synthetic gene ID PERMEABILIZED CHROMAFFIN CELLS; HIGH-LEVEL EXPRESSION; CLOSTRIDIUM-BOTULINUM; TETANUS TOXIN; NEUROTRANSMITTER RELEASE; ENDOPEPTIDASE ACTIVITY; MEMBRANE-PROTEIN; SINGLE MUTATION; A NEUROTOXIN; B NEUROTOXIN AB Botulinum neurotoxins, the most potent of all toxins, induce lethal neuromuscular paralysis by inhibiting exocytosis at the neuromuscular junction. The light chains (LC) of these dichain neurotoxins are a new class of zinc-endopeptidases that specifically cleave the synaptosomal proteins, SNAP-25, VAMP, or syntaxin at discrete sites. To facilitate the structural and functional characterization of these unique endopeptidases, we constructed a synthetic gene for the LC of the botulinum neurotoxin serotype A (BoNT/A), overexpressed it in Escherichia coli, and purified the gene product from inclusion bodies. Our procedure can provide 1.1 g of the LC from 1 L of culture. The LC product was stable in solution at 4 degreesC for at least 6 months. This rBoNT/A LC was proteolytically active, specifically cleaving the Glu-Arg bond in a 17-residue synthetic peptide of SNAP-25, the reported cleavage site of BoNT/A. Its calculated catalytic efficiency k(cat)/K-m was higher than that reported for the native BoNT/A dichain. Treating the rBoNT/A LC with mercuric compounds completely abolished its activity, most probably by modifying the cysteine-164 residue located in the vicinity of the active site. About 70% activity of the LC was restored by adding Zn2+ to a Zn2+ - free, apo-LC preparation. The LC was nontoxic to mice and failed to elicit neutralizing epitope(s) when the animals were vaccinated with this protein. In addition, injecting rBoNT/A LC into sea urchin eggs inhibited exocytosis-dependent plasma membrane resealing. For the first time, results of our study make available a large amount of the biologically active toxin fragment in a soluble and stable form. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Dept Immunol & Mol Biol, Div Toxicol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Smith, LA (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Dept Immunol & Mol Biol, Div Toxicol, 1425 Porter St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 46 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0277-8033 J9 J PROTEIN CHEM JI J. Protein Chem. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 19 IS 6 BP 475 EP 487 DI 10.1023/A:1026549431380 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 385PB UT WOS:000166011900007 PM 11195972 ER PT J AU Watson, SJ AF Watson, SJ TI Amidst a storm of bullets: The diary of Lt. Henry Prince in Florida, 1835-1842 SO JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Watson, SJ (reprint author), US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHERN HISTORICAL ASSOC PI ATHENS PA UNIV GEORGIA, HISTORY DEPT, ATHENS, GA 30602 USA SN 0022-4642 J9 J SOUTHERN HIST JI J. South. Hist. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 66 IS 3 BP 627 EP 628 DI 10.2307/2587887 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 341YV UT WOS:000088619300023 ER PT J AU Murphy, ME Montemarano, AD Debboun, M Gupta, R AF Murphy, ME Montemarano, AD Debboun, M Gupta, R TI The effect of sunscreen on the efficacy of insect repellent: A clinical trial SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LABORATORY EVALUATION AB Sunscreen loses efficacy when used with the insect repellent N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (diethyltoluamide; deet). A previous study demonstrated a 33.3% decrease in sun protection factor when insect repellent and sunscreen were applied sequentially to the skin. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the efficacy of insect repellent is affected by two different formulations of sunscreen. The combination of sunscreen and insect repellent was tested in 8 groups: a control group (no sunscreen or insect repellent), sunscreen alone (two groups [gel and cream]), insect repellent alone, insect repellent applied before sunscreen (two groups), and insect repellent applied after sunscreen (two groups). The results of this study showed that insect repellent has the same efficacy even when sunscreen is applied with it. This indicates that in the formulations tested, sunscreen does not reduce the efficacy of insect repellent. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Clin Trials, Washington, DC USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC USA. USA, Med Res & Mat Command, Washington, DC USA. RP Montemarano, AD (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, 6900 Georgia Ave NW,Bldg 2, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 4 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0190-9622 J9 J AM ACAD DERMATOL JI J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 43 IS 2 BP 219 EP 222 DI 10.1067/mjd.2000.107960 PN 1 PG 4 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 340YN UT WOS:000088564400005 PM 10906641 ER PT J AU Dinsmore, RC Calton, WC Harvey, SB Blaney, MW AF Dinsmore, RC Calton, WC Harvey, SB Blaney, MW TI Prevention of adhesions to polypropylene mesh in a traumatized bowel model SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF SURGEONS LA English DT Article ID MULTICENTER; MEMBRANE; REPAIR AB Background: Polypropylene mesh (PPM) is an effective material for the repair of abdominal wall defects, but has a tendency to induce dense adhesions when in contact with viscera. Seprafilm (Genzyme Corp, Cambridge, MA), a bioresorbable membrane, has been shown to reduce adhesion formation after midline closures in humans and to PPM in animals. Given the increased inflammatory response expected with surgical trauma, its efficacy under surgical conditions has been questioned. Study Design: A prospective, randomized, blinded study was conducted using a rabbit model. Standardized abdominal wall defects were created in three groups of New Zealand white rabbits. The cecum was deserosalized to simulate the effects of trauma. The abdominal defect was then repaired with PPM. In the control group, no Seprafilm was used. In the first experimental group Seprafilm was placed between the mesh and the abdominal viscera. In the second experimental group Seprafilm was placed over the deserosalized area and between the mesh and abdominal viscera. Animals were sacrificed at 30 days and adhesions were categorized and quantified using digital image analysis of linked specimens. The strength of incorporation was also determined. Results: The formation of adhesions between the viscera and mesh repair was dramatically reduced in both experimental groups compared with the control group. The incidence of visceral adhesions was reduced by 80% in the single film group (p = 0.0004) and 90% in the double film group (p = 0.00008). The reduction in surface area of adhesions was 96.4% in the single film group (p = 0.000019) and 99.4% in the double film group (p = 0.00002). Omental adhesions were reduced by 30% but this did not achieve statistical significance. Strength of incorporation was not adversely affected in either group. Conclusions: Seprafilm is highly effective in preventing adhesions to PPM. This effect was not diminished by the presence of visceral trauma and its resultant inflammatory response. The use of Seprafilm does not adversely affect tissue incorporation. Clinical trials are warranted to determine if the protective effects of Seprafilm demonstrated in this study are applicable in the clinical setting. (J Am Coll Surg 2000;191:131-136. (C) 2000 by the American College of Surgeons). C1 Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Vet Med Sect, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. RP Dinsmore, RC (reprint author), Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. NR 8 TC 54 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1072-7515 J9 J AM COLL SURGEONS JI J. Am. Coll. Surg. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 191 IS 2 BP 131 EP 136 DI 10.1016/S1072-7515(00)00337-9 PG 6 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 341HA UT WOS:000088583900002 PM 10945355 ER PT J AU Mathur, D Heisey, PG Skalski, JR Kenney, DR AF Mathur, D Heisey, PG Skalski, JR Kenney, DR TI Salmonid smolt survival relative to turbine efficiency and entrainment depth in hydroelectric power generation SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE turbine efficiency; passage survival; likelihood model; salmon smolt; intake screens; hydroelectric generation ID PASSAGE SURVIVAL AB The hypotheses that fish survival probabilities may be lower (1) at less than peak operating turbine efficiency; (2) at deeper entrainment depth; and (3) with the deployment of extended-length intake guidance screens, are not supported by results on yearling chinook salmon smolts (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) at Lower Granite Dam, Snake River, Washington. Estimated 96 h survival probabilities for the six test conditions ranged from 0.937 to 0.972, with the highest survival at turbine operating towards the lower end of its efficiency. A blanket recommendation to operate all Kaplan type turbines within +/- 1 percent of their peak. efficiency appears too restrictive. Cavitation mode survival (0.946) was comparable to that at peak operating efficiency mode (0.937), as was the survival between upper (0.947) and mid depths (0.937). Survival differed only slightly among three turbine intake bays at the same depth (0.937 to 0.954), most likely due to differential flow distribution. Extended-length intake fish guidance screens did not reduce survival. However, the sources of injury somewhat differed with depth; probable pressure and shear-related injuries were common on fish entrained at mid-depth, and mechanically-induced injuries were common at upper depth. Operating conditions that reduce turbulence within the turbine environment may enhance fish survival; however, controlled experiments that integrate turbine flow physics and geometry and the path entrained fish traverse are needed to develop specific guidance to further enhance fish passage survival. C1 Normandeau Associates Inc, Drumore, PA 17518 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Fisheries, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Walla Walla, WA 99362 USA. RP Mathur, D (reprint author), Normandeau Associates Inc, 1921 River Rd,POB 10, Drumore, PA 17518 USA. OI Skalski, John/0000-0002-7070-2505 NR 15 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 36 IS 4 BP 737 EP 747 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2000.tb04302.x PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 344BM UT WOS:000088737800005 ER PT J AU Zhao, MC Kariuki, S Dewald, HD Lemke, FR Staniewicz, RJ Plichta, EJ Marsh, RA AF Zhao, MC Kariuki, S Dewald, HD Lemke, FR Staniewicz, RJ Plichta, EJ Marsh, RA TI Electrochemical stability of copper in lithium-ion battery electrolytes SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LI AB The electrochemical stability of copper substrate was studied in three different lithium-ion battery electrolytes. Cyclic voltammetry was used to study the oxidation-reduction behavior of copper in these electrolyte solutions. The reduction of electrolyte and its effect on the oxidation of copper was also studied. Bulk electrolysis was used to quantitatively study the dissolution of copper in dry electrolytes and in electrolytes doped with impurities of H2O or HE The stability of copper was closely related to the composition of the electrolytes. Impurities dramatically increased the oxidation tendency of copper. (C) 2000 The Electrochemical Society. S0013-4651(00)03-057-3. All rights reserved. C1 Ohio Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Clippinger Labs, Athens, OH 45701 USA. SAFT Res & Dev Ctr, Cockersville, MD 21030 USA. USA, CECOm, Res & Dev Engn Ctr, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate Battery Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Zhao, MC (reprint author), Ohio Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Clippinger Labs, Athens, OH 45701 USA. NR 5 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 147 IS 8 BP 2874 EP 2879 DI 10.1149/1.1393619 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 344FH UT WOS:000088748200005 ER PT J AU Huang, CK Sakamoto, JS Wolfenstine, J Surampudi, S AF Huang, CK Sakamoto, JS Wolfenstine, J Surampudi, S TI The limits of low-temperature performance of Li-ion cells SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CARBONATES; BATTERIES AB The results of electrode and electrolyte studies reveal that the poor low-temperature (<- 30 degrees C) performance of Li-ion cells is mainly caused by the carbon electrodes and not the organic electrolytes and solid electrolyte interphase, as previously suggested. It is suggested that the main causes for the poor performance in the carbon electrodes are (i) the low value and concentration dependence of the Li diffusivity and (ii) limited Li capacity. (C) 2000 The Electrochemical Society. S0013-4651(00)01-034-X. All rights reserved. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mat Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Huang, CK (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 12 TC 94 Z9 116 U1 7 U2 62 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 147 IS 8 BP 2893 EP 2896 DI 10.1149/1.1393622 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 344FH UT WOS:000088748200008 ER PT J AU Vorontsov, MA Carhart, GW Cohen, M Cauwenberghs, G AF Vorontsov, MA Carhart, GW Cohen, M Cauwenberghs, G TI Adaptive optics based on analog parallel stochastic optimization: analysis and experimental demonstration SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID PHASE-DISTORTION CORRECTION; IMAGING-SYSTEM; COMPENSATION; APPROXIMATION; TECHNOLOGY; MIRRORS; VLSI AB Wave-front distortion compensation using direct system performance metric optimization is studied both theoretically and experimentally. It is shown how different requirements for wave-front control can be incorporated, and how information from different wave-front sensor types can be fused, within a generalized gradient descent optimization paradigm. Tn our experiments a very-large-scale integration (VLSI) system implementing a simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation optimization algorithm was applied for real-time adaptive control of multielement wave-front correctors. The custom-chip controller is used in two adaptive laser beam focusing systems, one with a 127-element liquid-crystal phase modulator and the other with beam steering and 37-control channel micromachined deformable mirrors. The submillisecond response time of the micromachined deformable mirror and the parallel nature of the analog VLSI control architecture provide for high-speed adaptive compensation of dynamical phase aberrations of a laser beam under conditions of strong intensity scintillations. Experimental results demonstrate improvement of laser beam quality at the receiver plane in the spectral band up to 60 Hz. (C) 2000 Optical Society of America [S0740-3232(00)00208-8]. C1 USA, Res Lab, Computat & Informat Sci Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Vorontsov, MA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL CIC, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM vorontsov@iol.arl.mil NR 43 TC 118 Z9 146 U1 6 U2 26 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1084-7529 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 17 IS 8 BP 1440 EP 1453 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.17.001440 PG 14 WC Optics SC Optics GA 337DM UT WOS:000088342200010 ER PT J AU Holcomb, JB McClain, JM Pusateri, AE Beall, D Macaitis, JM Harris, RA MacPhee, MJ Hess, JR AF Holcomb, JB McClain, JM Pusateri, AE Beall, D Macaitis, JM Harris, RA MacPhee, MJ Hess, JR TI Fibrin sealant foam sprayed directly on liver injuries decreases blood loss in resuscitated rats SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 59th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-the-Surgery-of-Trauma CY SEP 16-18, 1999 CL BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS SP Amer Assoc Surg Trauma DE hemorrhage; injury; liver; hemorrhage control; hemostasis; fibrin sealant foam; animals; rats ID HEMORRHAGIC-SHOCK; SPLENIC TRAUMA; CLINICAL USE; GLUE; DRESSINGS; DEATH; SWINE AB Objective: The majority of early trauma deaths are attributable to uncontrolled hemorrhage from truncal sites, A hemorrhage-control technique that reduced bleeding in the prehospital phase of treatment without requiring manual compression may improve the outcome of these patients. We conducted this preliminary study to determine whether an expanding fibrin sealant foam (FSF) would reduce bleeding from a severe liver injury even during resuscitation, Methods: Rats (n = 31; 291 +/- 5 g; 37.4 +/- 0.3 degrees C; mean +/- SEM), underwent a 60 +/- 5% excision of the median hepatic lobe, The animals received one of three treatments: (1) FSF, (2) immunoglobulin G placebo foam (IgGF), or (3) no treatment. All animals were resuscitated with 40 degrees C lactated Ringer's solution at 3.3 mL/min/kg to a mean arterial pressure of 100 mm Hg, Total blood loss, mean arterial pressure, and resuscitation volume were recorded for 30 minutes, A qualitative measure of foam coverage and adherence to the cut liver edge was recorded. Results:The total blood loss was less (p < 0.01) in the FSF group (21.2 +/- 5.0 mL/kg) than in either IgGF (41.4 +/- 4,3 mL/kg) or the no treatment group (44.6 +/- 4.7 mL/kg), which did not differ. The resuscitation volume was not different. The amount of foam used in the treated groups, 9.1 +/- 1.0 g in the FSF group and 10.0 +/- 1.0 g In the IgGF group, did not differ. Survival for 30 minutes was not different among groups. There was no difference in the amount of cut liver covered by either foam, but the clots were more adherent (p < 0.05) in the FSF group than in the IgGF group. Conclusion: In rats with a severe liver injury, spraying fibrin foam directly on the cut liver surface decreased blood loss when compared with placebo foam and no treatment. This pilot study suggests a future possible treatment for noncompressible truncal hemorrhage. C1 Ben Taub Gen Hosp, Joint Trauma Training Ctr, BCM, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Gen Surg Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Biochem Branch, USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Amer Red Cross, Plasma Derivat Lab, Rockville, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Blood Res Detachment, Washington, DC USA. RP Holcomb, JB (reprint author), JTTC, Taub Loop, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 34 TC 44 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1079-6061 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD AUG PY 2000 VL 49 IS 2 BP 246 EP 250 DI 10.1097/00005373-200008000-00010 PG 5 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 345NB UT WOS:000088821100017 PM 10963535 ER PT J AU Anema, JG Morey, AF McAninch, JW Mario, LA Wessells, H AF Anema, JG Morey, AF McAninch, JW Mario, LA Wessells, H TI Complications related to the high lithotomy position during urethral reconstruction SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 94th Annual Meeting of the American-Urological-Association CY MAY 01-06, 1999 CL DALLAS, TEXAS SP Amer Urol Assoc DE urethral obstruction; surgical flaps; compartment syndromes ID ACUTE-RENAL-FAILURE; BILATERAL COMPARTMENT SYNDROME; RADICAL PERINEAL PROSTATECTOMY; PROLONGED SURGERY; RHABDOMYOLYSIS; URETHROPLASTY; ANTERIOR; PREVENTION; STRICTURES; GRAFTS AB Purpose: We identified risk factors for complications of the lower extremities related to high lithotomy positioning during specific urethral reconstruction procedures in male patients. Materials and Methods: Records from 185 open urethroplasties were evaluated for position related complications of the lower extremities (the compartmental syndrome, rhabdomyolysis, neurapraxia). Morphometric data (patient height, weight) and surgical details (duration of surgery and lithotomy positioning, types of repair and stirrups, stricture length and location) were assessed. Results: In the 185 patients 18 position related complications (10%) were identified, 4 of which were severe. Univariate analysis showed length of stricture, and duration of surgery and lithotomy positioning to be statistically significant risk factors (p <0.05). Height, weight, body mass index and type of stirrups did not increase risk. Anterior end-to-end anastomosis and straightforward buccal mucosa patch grafts entailed negligible risk. Longer procedures (prostatomembranous and penile skin flap repairs) had higher complication rates (12% and 22%, respectively). Beginning penile skin flap procedures with patients in the supine position during flap harvesting followed by repositioning into high lithotomy for perineal flap transfer virtually eliminated the risk of severe complications. Conclusions: The risk of position related complications during urethral reconstruction is directly proportional to the duration of high lithotomy positioning. Procedures of less than 5 hours in duration had minimal risk. For complex flap procedures, we perform penile flap dissection with the patient supine and reposition for perineal flap transfer. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Sch Med, Dept Urol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Urol Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Univ Arizona, Urol Sect, Tucson, AZ USA. San Francisco Gen Hosp, Urol Serv 3A18, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA. RP McAninch, JW (reprint author), San Francisco Gen Hosp, Urol Serv 3A18, 1001 Potrero Ave, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA. NR 42 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 164 IS 2 BP 360 EP 363 DI 10.1016/S0022-5347(05)67360-0 PG 4 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 333JB UT WOS:000088126200020 PM 10893585 ER PT J AU Burgess, EB AF Burgess, EB TI Disaster at the pole: The tragedy of the airship Italia and the 1928 nobile expedition to the North Pole. SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, Combined Arms Res Lib, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. RP Burgess, EB (reprint author), USA, Combined Arms Res Lib, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 125 IS 13 BP 124 EP 124 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 347AP UT WOS:000088904300200 ER PT J AU Burgess, EB AF Burgess, EB TI Pacific destiny: The three-century journey to the Oregon Country. SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, Combined Arms Res Lib, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. RP Burgess, EB (reprint author), USA, Combined Arms Res Lib, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 125 IS 13 BP 127 EP 127 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 347AP UT WOS:000088904300216 ER PT J AU Myers, JN O'Neil, KM Carregal, VA AF Myers, JN O'Neil, KM Carregal, VA TI Successful extubation with use of C1 esterase inhibitor concentrate in a patient with hereditary angioedema SO MAYO CLINIC PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Letter C1 Natl Naval Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Myers, JN (reprint author), Natl Naval Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAYO CLINIC PROCEEDINGS PI ROCHESTER PA 660 SIEBENS BLDG MAYO CLINIC, ROCHESTER, MN 55905 USA SN 0025-6196 J9 MAYO CLIN PROC JI Mayo Clin. Proc. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 75 IS 8 BP 869 EP 870 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 341UE UT WOS:000088607400020 PM 10943247 ER PT J AU Mazzeo, RS Child, A Butterfield, GE Braun, B Rock, PB Wolfel, EE Zamudio, S Moore, LG AF Mazzeo, RS Child, A Butterfield, GE Braun, B Rock, PB Wolfel, EE Zamudio, S Moore, LG TI Sympathoadrenal responses to submaximal exercise in women after acclimatization to 4,300 meters SO METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL LA English DT Article ID HIGH-ALTITUDE EXPOSURE; PREGNANCY-INDUCED HYPERTENSION; BETA-ADRENERGIC STIMULATION; CARDIAC RESPONSE; CHRONIC HYPOXIA; BLOCKADE; PLASMA; CATECHOLAMINES; LACTATE; RECEPTORS AB The purpose of this investigation was to determine the sympathoadrenal response to exercise in women after acclimatization to high altitude. Sixteen eumenorrheic women (age, 23.6 +/- 1.2 years; weight, 56.2 +/- 4.3 kg) were studied at sea level and after 10 days of high-altitude exposure (4,300 m) in either the follicular (n = 11) or luteal (n = 5) phase. Subjects performed two 45-minute submaximal steady-state exercise tests (50% and 65% peak O-2 consumption [(V)over dot O-2 peak]) at sea level on a bicycle ergometer. Exercise tests were also performed on day 10 of altitude exposure (50% (V)over dot O-2 peak at sea level). As compared with rest, plasma epinephrine levels increased 36% in response to exercise at 50% (V)over dot O-2 peak at sea level, with no differences found between cycle phases, This increase was significantly greater (up arrow 44%) during exercise at 65% (V)over dot O-2 peak. At altitude, the epinephrine response was identical to that found for 65% (V)over dot O-2 peak exercise at sea level (up arrow 44%), with no differences found between phase assignments. The plasma norepinephrine response differed from that for epinephrine such that the increase with exercise at altitude (up arrow 61%) was significantly greater compared with 65% (V)over dot O-2 peak exercise at sea level (up arrow 49%). Again, no phase differences were observed. It is concluded that the sympathoadrenal response to exercise (1) did not differ between cycle phases across any condition and (2) was similar to that found previously in men, and (3) the relative exercise intensity is the primary factor responsible for the epinephrine response to exercise, whereas altitude had an additive effect on the norepinephrine response to exercise. Copyright (C) 2000 by W.B. Saunders Company. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Kinesiol & Appl Physiol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Palo Alto Vet Affairs Hlth Care Syst, Palo Alto, CA USA. USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Denver, CO USA. RP Mazzeo, RS (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Kinesiol & Appl Physiol, Box 354, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [5-01-RR00051]; NHLBI NIH HHS [HL14985] NR 43 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0026-0495 J9 METABOLISM JI Metab.-Clin. Exp. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 49 IS 8 BP 1036 EP 1042 DI 10.1053/meta.2000.7706 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 349DU UT WOS:000089019100014 PM 10954023 ER PT J AU Whitlock, WL Brown, A Moore, K Pavliscsak, H Dingbaum, A Lacefield, D Buker, K Xenakis, S AF Whitlock, WL Brown, A Moore, K Pavliscsak, H Dingbaum, A Lacefield, D Buker, K Xenakis, S TI Telemedicine improved diabetic management SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID GLYCEMIC CONTROL AB Effective control of diabetes is known to delay or prevent the end-organ complications of this disease. Can telemedicine improve a patient's ability to self-manage diabetes? Twenty-eight patients entered a study comparing home telemedicine consultation with standard outpatient care. A nurse case manager contacted the telemedicine group once a week under the direction of a primary care physician, who contacted the telemedicine group once a month. Laboratory studies and total body weight were measured at the beginning and at the end of the 3-month study. The hemoglobin Ale (HbA(1c)) and total body weight improved significantly in the intervention (telemedicine) group, as shown by a 16% reduction in mean HbA(1c) level (from 9.5 to 8.2%) and a 4% mean weight reduction (from 214.3 to 206.7 pounds). Based on our experience, we present a functionally based telemedicine classification system to improve the application of electronic medicine in future studies. C1 SE Reg Med Command, Ctr Total Access, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. RP Whitlock, WL (reprint author), SE Reg Med Command, Ctr Total Access, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. NR 18 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 165 IS 8 BP 579 EP 584 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 344DC UT WOS:000088741500004 PM 10957848 ER PT J AU Chisick, MC Richter, P Piotrowski, MJ AF Chisick, MC Richter, P Piotrowski, MJ TI Put more "bite" into health promotion: A campaign to revitalize health promotion in the army dental care system. Part I. The mouthguard, sealant, and nursing caries initiatives SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID OROFACIAL INJURIES; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PREVALENCE; BASKETBALL; CHILDREN; PLAYERS; IMPACT; SPORTS; GUIDELINES; ATTITUDES AB During the course of 1998, the Army Dental Care System launched "Put More 'Bite' into Health Promotion," a campaign to revitalize health promotion in the Army Dental Care System. In this paper, me discuss the content, rationale, and evidence base for three of five health promotion initiatives that are part of the campaign: mouthguard fabrication and counseling, sealant placement and education, and nursing caries education. C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Chisick, MC (reprint author), USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 63 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 165 IS 8 BP 598 EP 603 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 344DC UT WOS:000088741500008 PM 10957852 ER PT J AU Chisick, MC Richter, P Piotrowski, MJ AF Chisick, MC Richter, P Piotrowski, MJ TI Dental health promotion and preventive dentistry practices of US Army dentists SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 77th General Session of the International-Association-for-Dental-Research CY MAR 10-13, 1999 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Int Ass Dent Res ID SMOKING AB In May 1997, all Army dentists assigned full-time to clinical duties (1,100) were sent a mail survey that queried how often they deliver dental health promotion and preventive dentistry services and the type and source of their patient educational materials. By August, 606 dentists had responded. Simple frequencies were generated using SPSS. Results show that tobacco, oral hygiene, and periodontal counseling and oral cancer and blood pressure screening are delivered frequently, whereas nursing caries, mouthguard, sealant, and nutrition services are delivered infrequently. Army dentists relied almost exclusively on oral presentations to deliver health promotion messages. Few used more than one source for health promotion materials. These results suggest that the delivery of dental health promotion and preventive dentistry services in the Army is suboptimal. A campaign to heighten provider awareness of the importance of delivering these services should be launched. The campaign should also teach providers how to make their health promotion efforts maximally effective through the application of proven health marketing techniques. C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Chisick, MC (reprint author), USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 165 IS 8 BP 604 EP 606 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 344DC UT WOS:000088741500009 PM 10957853 ER PT J AU Auber, AE Mancuso, PA AF Auber, AE Mancuso, PA TI Lemierre syndrome: Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomographic appearance SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID THROMBOPHLEBITIS; THROMBOSIS; SECONDARY; CHILDREN; SEPSIS C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Diagnost Radiol, Neuroradiol Sect, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Auber, AE (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Diagnost Radiol, Neuroradiol Sect, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 13 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 165 IS 8 BP 638 EP 640 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 344DC UT WOS:000088741500019 PM 10957863 ER PT J AU Glasspool-Malone, J Somiari, S Drabick, JJ Malone, RW AF Glasspool-Malone, J Somiari, S Drabick, JJ Malone, RW TI Efficient nonviral cutaneous transfection SO MOLECULAR THERAPY LA English DT Article DE electroporation; transfection; skin; DNA; naked; plasmid; ATA; dermal; aurintricarboxylic; nuclease inhibitor; electropermeabilization; subcutaneous; swine; macaque; rodent ID IN-VIVO ELECTROPORATION; GENE-TRANSFER; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; AURINTRICARBOXYLIC ACID; SUBCUTANEOUS TUMORS; EXPRESSION; ELECTROCHEMOTHERAPY; INDUCTION; CELLS; PHASE AB Preclinical in vivo rodent, porcine, and primate experiments aimed at enhancing nonviral transgene delivery to skin have been performed. These investigations have identified a compound (aurintricarboxylic acid or ATA) that enhances transfection activity of "naked" plasmid and pulsed electrical fields (electroporation or EP) that synergistically boosts transgene expression to an average of 115-fold more than that observed with free DNA (P < 0.00009). When plasmid is intradermally injected with or without ATA, the transfected cells are typically restricted to the epidermis. However, when electroporation is added after the same injection, larger numbers of adipocytes and fibroblasts and numerous dendritic-like cells within the dermis and subdermal tissues are transfected. This advance creates new opportunities for cutaneous gene therapy and nucleic acid vaccine development. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, CBCP, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Hematol Oncol Serv, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Malone, RW (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, CBCP, Dept Surg, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [R01RR12307]; NIAID NIH HHS [K02AI01370] NR 23 TC 88 Z9 94 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1525-0016 J9 MOL THER JI Mol. Ther. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 2 IS 2 BP 140 EP 146 DI 10.1006/mthe.2000.0107 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 367EJ UT WOS:000090048500013 PM 10947941 ER PT J AU Sarris, CD Katehi, LPB Harvey, JF AF Sarris, CD Katehi, LPB Harvey, JF TI Application of multiresolution analysis to the modeling of microwave and optical structures SO OPTICAL AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Waveguide Theory and Numerical Modelling Techniques CY SEP 23-25, 1999 CL FRANCE SP St Etienne Univ DE frequency domain; multiresolution analysis; time domain; wavelets ID PARTIAL-DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS; MRTD; FDTD AB A review of wavelet based techniques for the modeling of electromagnetic and optical structures is provided in this paper. Fundamental theoretical aspects of Multiresolution Analysis are mentioned along with mathematical properties of wavelet bases that lead to the construction of highly efficient numerical schemes and fast algorithms. Applications of such schemes in the held of time and frequency domain analysis of electromagnetic geometries are shown and the recently developed Multiresolution Time Domain technique is extensively presented. The analysis and evaluation of wavelet based techniques indicates their potential to provide fast and accurate solutions, thus broadening the limits of existing electromagnetic solvers. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Radiat Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Sarris, CD (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Radiat Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0306-8919 J9 OPT QUANT ELECTRON JI Opt. Quantum Electron. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 32 IS 6-8 BP 657 EP 679 DI 10.1023/A:1007040007716 PG 23 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA 330WC UT WOS:000087983300002 ER PT J AU Walters, CP Hoover, CW Ratches, JA AF Walters, CP Hoover, CW Ratches, JA TI Performance of an automatic target recognizer algorithm against veal and two versions of synthetic imagery SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE aided target recognition; ATR; synthetic scene generation; ATR algorithms; FLIR imagery; performance metrics ID MODELS AB An experiment is described in which an automatic target recognizer (ATR) algorithm is tested against real forward-looking infrared imagery and synthetic imagery. The synthetic imagery was generated by two different approaches being developed by the U.S. Army. The purpose of the experiment was to establish quantitatively the relationship between ATR performance on real and on synthetic data. The metrics for comparison are probability of detection, conditional probability of identification, and false-alarm rate. (C) 2000 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. [S0091 -3286(00)02408-9]. C1 USA, CECOM, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, NVESD, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP USA, CECOM, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, NVESD, 10221 Burbeck Rd, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. EM jratches@nvl.army.mil NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 EI 1560-2303 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 39 IS 8 BP 2279 EP 2284 DI 10.1117/1.1305538 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 344AD UT WOS:000088734700036 ER PT J AU Stamper, DA Lund, DJ Molchany, JW Stuck, BE AF Stamper, DA Lund, DJ Molchany, JW Stuck, BE TI Laser-induced afterimages in humans SO PERCEPTUAL AND MOTOR SKILLS LA English DT Article ID PURSUIT TRACKING PERFORMANCE AB Afterimages induced by incoherent light sources have been studied as complex visual perceptions for over 200 years; however, individuals who have viewed a coherent source (a laser) on-axis have reported visual experiences unlike those observed for full-field flashes from incoherent sources. In the present study, 10 volunteers viewed all combinations of blue, green, and red laser light and background colors that marched the wavelengths of the laser sources is total of 3 conditions). The bright focal (50 mu m retinal irradiance diameter) 3-sec. exposures (approximately 9 log trolands-40% of the maximum permissible exposure level) given to the volunteers were administered as they performed a simulator tracking task. A 50/50 mirror a mirror which reflected 50% of the laser beam into the optical pathway while allowing the 50% of the light from the visual scene to pass through the mirror) permitted simultaneous intrabeam viewing of the laser source and the scene. The volunteers were asked to report what they saw immediately after the laser was turned off and 1-min. postexposure. The immediate reports indicated that the image they observed was the same color as the laser sourer and not the complementary color. Also, the images were often surrounded by well-defined borders and, regardless of laser's or background's color, were generally red. One minute following presentation of the laser light the images seen were predominantly purple, dark or no longer present; however, the edge color when present generally appeared red. The immediate appearance of the images was inferred to be neural in nature and not photochemical. These results suggest the properties of the laser source, i.e., coherency, monochromaticity, and the laser's capacity to place an intense beam of light in a small retinal area, all contributed to the unique appearance of the postflash images. C1 USA, Med Res Detachment, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Stamper, DA (reprint author), USA, Med Res Detachment, 7914 A Dr, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERCEPTUAL MOTOR SKILLS PI MISSOULA PA PO BOX 9229, MISSOULA, MT 59807 USA SN 0031-5125 J9 PERCEPT MOTOR SKILL JI Percept. Mot. Skills PD AUG PY 2000 VL 91 IS 1 BP 15 EP 33 PG 19 WC Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA 354XZ UT WOS:000089357700002 PM 11011867 ER PT J AU Doebler, JA AF Doebler, JA TI Studies on the prevention of nigericin action in neuroblastoma x glioma hybrid (NG108-15) cells SO PHARMACOLOGY & TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IONOPHORE A23187; MEMBRANE; CALCIUM; LINE; HYPERPOLARIZATION; FIBROBLASTS; RESPONSES AB Electrophysiological analysis of neuroblastoma X glioma hybrid (NG108-15) cells was used as an in vitro neuronal model system to evaluate antagonists of the K+-selective carboxylic ionophore, nigericin. Changes in membrane electrical characteristics induced by nigericin with and without the simultaneous administration of antagonists were measured using intracellular microelectrode techniques. Bath application of nigericin (3 mu M) produced a severe hyperpolarization and blocked the generation of action potentials in response to electrical stimulation. Simultaneous administration of nigericin plus the Na+-K+ pump inhibitor ouabain or drugs known to influence Ca++ signaling in cells, i.e., quinidine, compound R24571, verapamil or haloperidol, was able to significantly attenuate the hyperpolarization. All antagonists acted in a concentration-dependent manner. However, nigericin plus maximally effective concentrations of ouabain (1 mu M), verapamil (3 mu M) and haloperidol (3 and 10 mu M) resulted in moderate-to-severe depolarization by the end of 24 min. superfusions, suggesting that the concentrations of antagonists were excessive and that NG108-15 cell damage had occurred. In addition, none of the compounds studied was able to effectively prevent nigericin-induced blockade of action potentials. Thus, none of these antagonists appears suitable for transition to in vivo antidotal protection studies. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Neurotoxicol Branch, Div Pharmacol, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Doebler, JA (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Neurotoxicol Branch, Div Pharmacol, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0901-9928 J9 PHARMACOL TOXICOL JI Pharmacol. Toxicol. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 87 IS 2 BP 63 EP 68 DI 10.1034/j.1600-0773.2000.d01-45.x PG 6 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 345ZD UT WOS:000088844600002 PM 10989942 ER PT J AU Maier, RS Kroll, DM Bernard, RS Howington, SE Peters, JF Davis, HT AF Maier, RS Kroll, DM Bernard, RS Howington, SE Peters, JF Davis, HT TI Pore-scale simulation of dispersion SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID LATTICE-BOLTZMANN METHOD; PERIODIC POROUS-MEDIUM; FIELD-GRADIENT NMR; BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; SURFACE RELAXATION; FLUID TRANSPORT; STOKES-FLOW; FIXED-BEDS; DIFFUSION; MODELS AB Tracer dispersion has been simulated in three-dimensional models of regular and random sphere packings for a range of Peclet numbers. A random-walk particle-tracking (PT) method was used to simulate tracer movement within pore-scale flow fields computed with the lattice-Boltzmann (LB) method. The simulation results illustrate the time evolution of dispersion, and they corroborate a number of theoretical and empirical results for the scaling of asymptotic longitudinal and transverse dispersion with Peclet number. Comparisons with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy experiments show agreement on transient, as well as asymptotic, dispersion rates. These results support both NMR findings that longitudinal dispersion rates are significantly lower than reported in earlier experimental literature, as well as the fact that asymptotic rates are observed in relatively short times by techniques that employ a uniform initial distribution of tracers, like NMR. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S1070-6631(00)02308-4]. C1 Army High Performance Comp Res Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55415 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Med Chem, Minneapolis, MN 55415 USA. Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Supercomp Inst, Minneapolis, MN 55415 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Geotech Lab, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Army High Performance Comp Res Ctr, 1100 Washington Ave So, Minneapolis, MN 55415 USA. EM maier@arc.umn.edu NR 46 TC 120 Z9 122 U1 3 U2 38 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 EI 1089-7666 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD AUG PY 2000 VL 12 IS 8 BP 2065 EP 2079 AR PII [S1070-6631(00)02308-4] DI 10.1063/1.870452 PG 15 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 331ED UT WOS:000088003600016 ER PT J AU Zadoo, VP Pessa, JE AF Zadoo, VP Pessa, JE TI Biological arches and changes to the curvilinear form of the aging maxilla SO PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY LA English DT Article ID FOREHEAD; SKELETAL AB The facial skeleton call be conceptualized as a series of arches aligned along a vertical axis, with regional differences in shape. Previous work suggested that the maxilla undergoes differential growth with time. Because these arch forms resemble geometric forms, it may be possible to measure changes to their shape with the aging process. A contour analysis of the aging maxilla was undertaken. Computed tomographic data were assembled retrospectively. only men were studied, and they were divided into two groups: young (aged 18 to 24 years; n = 6) and old (aged 40 to 66 years; n = 6). The computed tomography data were reconstructed into three-dimensional images and underwent standardization For comparison purposes. was used for analysis. To quantify changes between curves, measurements were made of the vertical distance from eight equidistant points along each curve perimeter to a standardized baseline. Average arch forms for young and old men were then generated for comparison purposes. Each of the eight points along the order maxillary arch form existed further from the baseline than the younger arch form. This difference reached statistical significance at three of the eight points measured along the two curves. The greatest difference occurred at point 8 (p = .0006), which was at the medial maxilla near the nasomaxillary junction. The results of the study suggest that the actual contour of the maxilla undergoes changes as a result of the aging process. Mathematically defined idealized skeletal contours could help guide reconstructive surgery and aesthetic augmentation of the facial skeleton in the future. In addition, certain soft tissues of the face and torso seem to share a common shape (an alpha contour). This shape may also exhibit idealized forms open to quantitative analysis. The skeletal arch form and alpha contour most likely exhibit sexual dimorphism and will require further investigation. The ubiquity of the arch form in nature and possible implications for growth and development of the human facial skeleton are also discussed. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Plast Surg, Div Plast & Reconstruct Surg, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Zadoo, VP (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Plast Surg, Div Plast & Reconstruct Surg, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 12 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0032-1052 J9 PLAST RECONSTR SURG JI Plast. Reconstr. Surg. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 106 IS 2 BP 460 EP 466 DI 10.1097/00006534-200008000-00036 PG 7 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 342DY UT WOS:000088631000035 PM 10946946 ER PT J AU Means-Markwell, M O'Neil, KM AF Means-Markwell, M O'Neil, KM TI Prevention of tuberculosis - Vigilance and infection control strategies are mainstays of efforts SO POSTGRADUATE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PUBLISHED LITERATURE; VACCINES; EFFICACY AB Once on the decline, tuberculosis (TB) began a resurgence in the 1980s with the emergence of the AIDS epidemic and overwhelming urban social problems. Today, the threat of a TB outbreak still looms in community settings such as nursing homes, hospitals, and homeless shelters. Efforts to control the spread of TB must rely on the vigilance of physicians who treat high-risk populations and the implementation of infection control strategies. The authors of this article describe the components of an occupational control program that relies on currently available tools, including prophylaxis for infected persons and high-risk groups. C1 Natl Naval Med Ctr, Pulm Clin, Div Pulm, Dept Internal Med, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Natl Capital Consortium, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP O'Neil, KM (reprint author), Natl Naval Med Ctr, Pulm Clin, Div Pulm, Dept Internal Med, 8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MCGRAW HILL HEALTHCARE PUBLICATIONS PI MINNEAPOLIS PA 4530 WEST 77TH ST, MINNEAPOLIS, MN 55435-5000 USA SN 0032-5481 J9 POSTGRAD MED JI Postgrad. Med. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 108 IS 2 BP 87 EP + PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 342UW UT WOS:000088664400013 PM 10951748 ER PT J AU Godino, J Wong, PWK AF Godino, J Wong, PWK TI A triad of troubling findings SO POSTGRADUATE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PLUMMER-VINSON-SYNDROME; CELIAC-DISEASE C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Gastroenterol, Clin Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Godino, J (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MCGRAW HILL HEALTHCARE PUBLICATIONS PI MINNEAPOLIS PA 4530 WEST 77TH ST, MINNEAPOLIS, MN 55435-5000 USA SN 0032-5481 J9 POSTGRAD MED JI Postgrad. Med. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 108 IS 2 BP 109 EP 110 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 342UW UT WOS:000088664400015 PM 10951750 ER PT J AU Hay, SI Myers, MF Burke, DS Vaughn, DW Endy, T Ananda, N Shanks, GD Snow, RW Rogers, DJ AF Hay, SI Myers, MF Burke, DS Vaughn, DW Endy, T Ananda, N Shanks, GD Snow, RW Rogers, DJ TI Etiology of interepidemic periods of mosquito-borne disease SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID NINO SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; DENGUE HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; EL-NINO; TRANSMISSION DYNAMICS; EPIDEMIC MALARIA; CLIMATE; EVOLUTION; KENYA; PERSISTENCE; MORBIDITY AB Dengue viruses and malaria protozoa are of increasing global concern in public health. The diseases caused by these pathogens often show regular seasonal patterns in incidence because of the sensitivity of their mosquito vectors to climate. Between years in endemic areas, however, there can be further significant variation in case numbers for which public health systems are generally unprepared. There is an acute need for reliable predictions of within-year and between-year epidemic events. The prerequisite for developing any system of early warning is a detailed understanding of the factors involved in epidemic genesis. In this report we discuss the potential causes of the interepidemic periods in dengue hemorrhagic fever in Bangkok and of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in a highland area of western Kenya. The alternative causes are distinguished by a retrospective analysis of two unique and contemporaneous 33-year time series of epidemiological and associated meteorological data recorded at these two sites. We conclude that intrinsic population dynamics offer the most parsimonious explanation for the observed interepidemic periods of disease in these locations. C1 Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Trypanosomiasis & Land Use Africa Res Grp, Oxford OX1 3PS, England. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Virus Dis, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Virol, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. USA, Med Res Unit Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya. Kenya Med Res Inst, Wellcome Trust Collaborat Program, Nairobi, Kenya. Univ Oxford, John Radcliffe Hosp, Ctr Trop Med, Oxford OX3 9DU, England. RP Hay, SI (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Trypanosomiasis & Land Use Africa Res Grp, S Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PS, England. RI Hay, Simon/F-8967-2015; Shanks, George Dennis/F-4056-2014; OI Hay, Simon/0000-0002-0611-7272; Shanks, George Dennis/0000-0001-5763-8660; /0000-0002-5704-8094 FU Wellcome Trust [056642] NR 56 TC 144 Z9 147 U1 3 U2 13 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD AUG 1 PY 2000 VL 97 IS 16 BP 9335 EP 9339 DI 10.1073/pnas.97.16.9335 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 341UL UT WOS:000088608000102 PM 10922081 ER PT J AU Potter, KJ Zhang, WH Smith, LA Meagher, MM AF Potter, KJ Zhang, WH Smith, LA Meagher, MM TI Production and purification of the heavy chain fragment C of botulinum neurotoxin, serotype A, expressed in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris SO PROTEIN EXPRESSION AND PURIFICATION LA English DT Article ID HIGH-LEVEL EXPRESSION; CLOSTRIDIUM-BOTULINUM; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; NERVE-TERMINALS; MOTOR NERVES; TETANUS; TOXIN; PROTEIN; GENE; IDENTIFICATION AB toxin, serotype A (rBoNTA(H-C)), has been successfully expressed in a Mut(+) strain of the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris for use as an antigen in a proposed human vaccine. Fermentation employed glycerol batch, glycerol-fed batch, and methanol-fed batch phases to achieve high cell density. Induction times were short to maximize rBoNTA(Hc) production while minimizing proteolytic degradation, Concentration of rBoNTA(Hc) in yeast cell. lysates was generally 1-2% of the total protein based on ELISA analysis. The Ii, fragment was purified from cell lysates using a multistep ion-exchange (IEC) chromatographic process, including SP, Q, and HS resins, The zwitterionic detergent Chaps was included in the buffer system to combat possible interactions, such as protein-protein or protein-DNA interactions. Following IEC was a hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) polishing step, using phenyl resin, The He fragment was purified to >95% purity with yields up to 450 mg/kg cells based on ELISA and Bradford protein assay. The purified He fragment of serotype A was stable, elicited an immune response in mice, and was protected upon challenge with native botulinum type A neurotoxin, (C) 2000 Academic Press. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Biol Proc Dev Facil, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Technol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Potter, KJ (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Biol Proc Dev Facil, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. NR 50 TC 37 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1046-5928 J9 PROTEIN EXPRES PURIF JI Protein Expr. Purif. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 19 IS 3 BP 393 EP 402 DI 10.1006/prep.2000.1256 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 346KZ UT WOS:000088871400011 PM 10910730 ER PT J AU Byrd, JC AF Byrd, JC TI What choices are available for treatment of the patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia who is fludarabine-refractory? Response SO SEMINARS IN ONCOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID CELLS C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Hematol Oncol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Byrd, JC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Hematol Oncol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0093-7754 J9 SEMIN ONCOL JI Semin. Oncol. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 27 IS 4 BP XIII EP XIV PG 2 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 350JQ UT WOS:000089097900002 ER PT J AU Liu, X AF Liu, X TI Development of a structural hazard rate model in sociological research SO SOCIOLOGICAL METHODS & RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SOCIAL SUPPORT; HOST-RESISTANCE; PATH-ANALYSIS; OLDER-PEOPLE; MORTALITY; HEALTH; NETWORKS; TRANSITIONS; DYNAMICS; STRESS AB In this article, the author presents and develops a structural hazard rate model that takes into account the interrelationships of covariates and their effects on the hazard rate. In particular both a full model and a set of sequential reduced-form equations are specified. Whereas the full model Estimates only the direct effects of exogenous covariates on the hazard rate, the final reduced-form equation measures their total effects. From two adjacent models, the indirect influences of exogenous variables by means of intervening factors can be estimated and tested. The author also recognizes the prediction power derived from the full model, then uses it to estimate the prediction bias associated with reduced-from equations. Finally, an empirical example is provided to demonstrate this approach in sociological research. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Liu, X (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 55 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0049-1241 J9 SOCIOL METHOD RES JI Sociol. Methods. Res. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 29 IS 1 BP 77 EP 117 DI 10.1177/0049124100029001005 PG 41 WC Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods; Sociology SC Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences; Sociology GA 339HC UT WOS:000088470700005 ER PT J AU Dinsmore, RC North, JH AF Dinsmore, RC North, JH TI Basic skin flaps for the general surgeon: A teaching method SO SOUTHERN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 93rd Annual Scientific Assembly of the Southern-Medical-Association CY NOV 10-14, 1999 CL DALLAS, TEXAS SP So Med Assoc AB Background. Teaching residents the design and creation of skin flaps is challenging because the use of skin flaps is not common enough during the course of a typical residency ro provide a broad experience base. Methods. A 12 x 12-inch board with a 1/8-inch foam rubber covering was designed to provide for the creation of four flaps and one Z-plasty. A lecture and practical exercise were used to teach basic techniques. Performance was measured by preexamination and postexamination, as well as by a resident satisfaction survey. Results. Mean scores improved by 45%. The resident survey revealed an average subjective rating was 4.7 on a scale of 1 to 5. All residents rated this format superior to traditional lecture instruction. Total cost to provide laboratory experience for 16 residents was $50. Materials can be recovered and reused at a cost of $0.40 each. Conclusions. The materials developed provided an effective, inexpensive nonbiologic model for teaching preoperative skills. C1 Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Ft Gordon, GA USA. RP Dinsmore, RC (reprint author), 530 Oak Chase Dr, Martinez, GA 30907 USA. NR 6 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHERN MEDICAL ASSN PI BIRMINGHAM PA 35 LAKESHORE DR PO BOX 190088, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35219 USA SN 0038-4348 J9 SOUTHERN MED J JI South.Med.J. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 93 IS 8 BP 783 EP 786 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 344UQ UT WOS:000088777800008 PM 10963509 ER PT J AU Prosser, RA Cohen, SH Segars, RA AF Prosser, RA Cohen, SH Segars, RA TI Heat as a factor in the penetration of cloth ballistic panels by 0.22 caliber projectiles SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB This report explores the possibility that heat plays a role in the penetration of cloth ballistic panels by 0.22 caliber projectiles. We postulate that heat is generated by friction between the surface of the projectile and the yarns, between yarns, and between filaments within a yarn in advance of and in the path of the projectile. Evaluations by light microscopy, polarized light microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy show heat-induced damage in fibers in the path of and several layers preceding the layer at which a 0.22 caliber projectile comes to rest. Polarization microscopy of impacted yarns reveals differences in birefringence within the fibers close to the hole made by the projectile compared with the same fiber at a greater distance from the hole. Heat is an energy sink, and depending on how, when, and where it is generated, can degrade the ballistic performance of the yarns. The quantitative importance of heat in affecting ballistic panel performance is elusive: consequently, the discussion presented here is largely qualitative. C1 USA, Natick Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Prosser, RA (reprint author), USA, Natick Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 7 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU TEXTILE RESEARCH INST PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 625, PRINCETON, NJ 08540 USA SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 70 IS 8 BP 709 EP 722 DI 10.1177/004051750007000809 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA 337UY UT WOS:000088381100009 ER PT J AU Rothwell, SW Maglasang, P Reid, TJ Gorogias, M Krishnamurti, C AF Rothwell, SW Maglasang, P Reid, TJ Gorogias, M Krishnamurti, C TI Correlation of in vivo and in vitro functions of fresh and stored human platelets SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Article ID STORAGE LESION; BLEEDING-TIME; RABBIT; MODEL; CRYOPRESERVATION; ACTIVATION AB BACKGROUND: Long-term storage of human platelets has been hindered by the loss of function of the platelets stored under current protocols. Novel preservation methods have encouraged examination of platelet function of cells preserved by cooling and freezing. The function of the platelets was assessed by using both in vitro assays and an in vivo rabbit bleeding model. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Human platelets were stored in the presence or absence of 2 mu M cytochalasin B and 80 mu M EGTA/AM at 4 degrees C for 14 days or by freezing in the presence or absence of 5 percent DMSO. After the storage period, the platelets were resuspended in normal saline and infused into rabbits. Platelet function was assessed in vivo in a kidney bleeding model and in vitro by platelet-induced clot retraction and by platelet aggregation. RESULTS: Platelets stored at either 4 degrees G or -145 degrees C exhibited shorter survival times in the rabbit circulation than did fresh platelets. Platelets cooled to 4 degrees C, in both the presence or absence of cytochalasin B and EGTA/ AM treatment, or frozen in the absence of DMSO were not effective in halting bleeding. However, frozen DMSO-treated platelets were as effective as fresh platelets in stopping bleeding. In vitro assays showed that cooled platelets treated with cytochalasin B and egtazic acid/AM and frozen DMSO-treated platelets retained 30 to 40 percent platelet function, while the cooled and frozen control samples exhibited no platelet-induced clot retraction. With thrombin as the agonist, only frozen DMSO-treated platelets exhibited a tendency to aggregate, although at only 22 percent of the aggregation function of fresh platelets. CONCLUSION: It is possible to freeze platelets and retain in vivo efficacy if the cryopreservative DMSO is included in the preparation. In vitro responses were greatly reduced by all of the storage protocols, but it may not be necessary to retain 100 percent in vitro function to have a platelet substitute or storage product that functions satisfactorily in vivo. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Resuscitat Med, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Anat & Cell Biol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Rothwell, SW (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Resuscitat Med, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 22 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD AUG PY 2000 VL 40 IS 8 BP 988 EP 993 DI 10.1046/j.1537-2995.2000.40080988.x PG 6 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 346GN UT WOS:000088862800017 PM 10960527 ER PT J AU Babcock, JG Lippert, LE Derse-Anthony, CP Mechling, M Hess, JR AF Babcock, JG Lippert, LE Derse-Anthony, CP Mechling, M Hess, JR TI A hypotonic storage solution did not prolong the viability of RBCs SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Article ID BLOOD-CELL PRESERVATION; RED-CELLS; ADDITIVE SOLUTION; IN-VITRO; PHOSPHATE; AMMONIUM; 4-DEGREES-C; GLUTAMINE; ADENINE; VIVO AB BACKGROUND: Hypotonic storage solutions and WBC filtration are both reported to improve RBC viability. This study tested the ability of an investigational hypotonic storage solution (AS-24, Medsep Corp.) to extend the viability of liquid-stored RBCs to 8 weeks. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: In a pair of crossover trials, 11 RBC units, WBC-reduced by filtration and stored in AS-24 for 8 weeks, were compared with units from the same donors that were stored for 6 weeks in AS-3, and 13 RBC units, WBC-reduced by filtration and stored in AS-3 for 8 weeks, were compared with units from the same donors that were stored for 6 weeks in AS-3. Viability was measured by the Cr-51/Tc-99m double-isotope method. RESULTS: RBC viability at 8 weeks averaged 64 +/- 3 percent in the AS-24 units and 67 +/- 2 percent in the AS-3 units. It was equal at 77 +/- 3 percent and 77 +/- 2 percent after 6 weeks' storage in AS-3 in both trials. CONCLUSIONS: Prestorage WBC reduction and storage in AS-24 did not extend RBC viability to 8 weeks. The improved viability previously demonstrated with storage of dilute suspensions of RBCs in hypotonic solutions is probably caused by factors other than the hypotonicity. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Blood Res Detachment, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Hess, JR (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Blood Res Detachment, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 20 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD AUG PY 2000 VL 40 IS 8 BP 994 EP 999 DI 10.1046/j.1537-2995.2000.40080994.x PG 6 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 346GN UT WOS:000088862800018 PM 10960528 ER PT J AU Hess, JR Lippert, LE Derse-Anthony, CP Hill, HR Oliver, CK Rugg, N Knapp, AD Gormas, JF Greenwalt, TJ AF Hess, JR Lippert, LE Derse-Anthony, CP Hill, HR Oliver, CK Rugg, N Knapp, AD Gormas, JF Greenwalt, TJ TI The effects of phosphate, pH, and AS volume on RBCs stored in saline-adenine-glucose-mannitol solutions SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Article ID BLOOD-CELL PRESERVATION; RED-CELLS; PROLONGED STORAGE; ADDITIVE SOLUTION; AMMONIUM AB BACKGROUND: RBC ATP concentrations are the most important correlate of RBC viability. Tests were performed to determine whether increased AS volume, pH, and phosphate content increased stored RBC ATP concentrations. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: In three studies, packed RBCs were pooled in groups of 3 or 4 units and realiquoted as combined units to reduce intradonor differences. Pooled units were stored in the licensed ASs, AS-1 or AS-5, which contain saline, adenine, glucose, and mannitol (SAGM), or in experimental ASs (EASs) containing SAGM and disodium phosphate. Ten pools were stored in AS-1 at RBC concentrations equivalent to 100, 200, or 300 mL of AS. Six pools were stored in 100, 200, 300, or 400 mL volumes of EAS-61. Ten pools were stored in 100 mt of AS-5, 200 mt of EAS-61, or 300 mL of EAS-64. RBC ATP concentration and other measures of RBC metabolism and function were measured weekly. RESULTS: RBC ATP concentrations decreased sooner with storage in increasing volumes of AS-1. In EAS-61 and EAS-64, RBC ATP concentrations initially increased and stayed elevated longer with increasing AS volume. CONCLUSIONS: The addition of disodium phosphate to SAGM AS increases the RBC ATP concentrations. Reducing storage Hct appears to have a separate beneficial effect in reducing hemolysis. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Blood Res Detachment, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Hoxworth Blood Ctr, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Hess, JR (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Blood Res Detachment, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 16 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD AUG PY 2000 VL 40 IS 8 BP 1000 EP 1006 DI 10.1046/j.1537-2995.2000.40081000.x PG 7 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 346GN UT WOS:000088862800019 PM 10960529 ER PT J AU Hess, JR Rugg, N Knapp, AD Gormas, JF Silberstein, EB Greenwalt, TJ AF Hess, JR Rugg, N Knapp, AD Gormas, JF Silberstein, EB Greenwalt, TJ TI Successful storage of RBCs for 9 weeks in a new additive solution SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Article ID BLOOD-CELL PRESERVATION; RED-CELLS; IN-VIVO; SYSTEM; ERYTHROCYTES; TRANSFUSION; EXPERIENCE; COLLECTION; RECOVERY; PLASMA AB BACKGROUND: This study explored the effect of storing packed RBCs suspended in 200 mL of an alkaline, hypotonic, experimental additive solution (EAS 61). STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Packed RBC units prepared from RBCs collected from healthy donors in CPD were stored for 8 (n = 10) and 9 (n = 10) weeks under blood bank conditions after the addition of 200 mt of EAS 61 (adenine, 2 mM dextrose, 110 mM; mannitol, 55 mM; NaCl, 26 mM; Na2HPO4, 12 mM). Standard methods were used for in vitro assays. The 24-hour in vivo autologous recoveries were measured with Cr-51. RESULTS: Mean rt SD recoveries at 8 and 9 weeks were 81 +/- 7 and 77 +/- 7 percent. After 9 weeks, the ATP of the RBCs was 81 percent of the initial value, hemolysis was 0.35 percent, supernatant potassium was 46 mEq per L, and the morphologic index was 94.1. CONCLUSION: Packed RBCs suspended in 200 mt of EAS 61 can be stored satisfactorily for 9 weeks. Longer RBC storage should reduce outdating, increase availability of transfusions in remote locations, and improve the efficiency of autologous donor programs. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Blood Res Detachment, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Med Ctr, Hoxworth Blood Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Med Ctr, Saenger Radioisotope Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. RP Hess, JR (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Blood Res Detachment, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 20 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD AUG PY 2000 VL 40 IS 8 BP 1007 EP 1011 DI 10.1046/j.1537-2995.2000.40081007.x PG 5 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 346GN UT WOS:000088862800020 PM 10960530 ER PT J AU Hess, JR Rugg, N Knapp, AD Gormas, JF Silberstein, EB Greenwalt, TJ AF Hess, JR Rugg, N Knapp, AD Gormas, JF Silberstein, EB Greenwalt, TJ TI Successful storage of RBCs for 10 weeks in a new additive solution SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Article ID BLOOD-CELL PRESERVATION; RED-CELLS; IN-VIVO; PHOSPHATE AB BACKGROUND: The effect of storing packed RBCs suspended in 300 mL of an alkaline, experimental additive solution (EAS 64) was explored. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: RBC units prepared from blood collected from healthy donors into CPD were WBC reduced and stored for 10 weeks under blood bank conditions after the addition of 300 mt of EAS 64 (adenine, 2 mM; dextrose, 50 mM; mannitol, 20 mM; NaCl, 75 mM; Na2HPO4, 9 mM). For comparison, non-WBC-reduced units from the same donors were stored in a different additive solution (AS-1, Baxter Healthcare) for 6 weeks. Standard methods were used for the in vitro assays. The 24-hour in vivo recoveries were measured by using Cr-51- and Tc-99m-labeled RBCs. RESULTS: Mean recovery in the EAS 64 units after 10 weeks was 84 +/- 8 percent, the same as in the AS-1 units stored for 6 weeks. For EAS 64 and AS-1 units, respectively, the ATP of the RBCs was 85 percent and 64 percent of the initial value, hemolysis was 0.43 percent and 0.63 percent, supernatant potassium was 24 mEq per L and 44 mEq per L, and the morphologic index was 98 and 71. CONCLUSION: RBCs suspended in 300 mt of EAS 64 can be stored satisfactorily for 10 weeks. Longer RBC storage should reduce outdating, increase availability of transfusions in remote locations, and improve the efficiency of autologous donor programs. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Blood Res Detachment, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Med Ctr, Hoxworth Blood Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Med Ctr, Saenger Radioisotope Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. RP Hess, JR (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Blood Res Detachment, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 23 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD AUG PY 2000 VL 40 IS 8 BP 1012 EP 1016 DI 10.1046/j.1537-2995.2000.40081012.x PG 5 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 346GN UT WOS:000088862800021 PM 10960531 ER PT J AU Simon, JH Lull, J Jacobs, LD Rudick, RA Cookfair, DL Herndon, RM Richert, JR Salazar, AM Sheeder, J Miller, D McCabe, K Serra, A Campion, MK Fischer, JS Goodkin, DE Simonian, N Lajaunie, M Wende, K Martens-Davidson, A Kinkel, RP Munschauer, FE AF Simon, JH Lull, J Jacobs, LD Rudick, RA Cookfair, DL Herndon, RM Richert, JR Salazar, AM Sheeder, J Miller, D McCabe, K Serra, A Campion, MK Fischer, JS Goodkin, DE Simonian, N Lajaunie, M Wende, K Martens-Davidson, A Kinkel, RP Munschauer, FE CA Multiple Sclerosis Collaborative TI A longitudinal study of T1 hypointense lesions in relapsing MS - MSCRG trial of interferon beta-1a SO NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID PROGRESSIVE MULTIPLE-SCLEROSIS; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; SPIN-ECHO MRI; CLINICAL DISABILITY; DISEASE PROGRESSION; BRAIN ATROPHY; TISSUE AB Background: T1 hypointense lesions (T1 black holes) are focal areas of relatively severe CNS tissue damage detected by MRI in patients with MS. Objective: To determine the natural history of T1 hypointense lesions in relapsing MS and the utility of T1 hypointense lesions as outcome measures in MS clinical trials. Methods: MR studies were from the Multiple Sclerosis Collaborative Research Group trial. Longitudinal results are reported in 80 placebo- and 80 interferon beta-1a (IFN beta-1a)-treated patients with mild to moderate disability relapsing-remitting MS. Results: There was a small but significant correlation between T1 hypointense lesion volume and disability at baseline and on trial (r = 0.22, r = 0.28). In placebo patients there was a 29.2% increase in the mean volume of T1 hypointense lesions (median 124.5 mm(3)) over 2 years (p < 0.001 for change from baseline), as compared to an 11.8% increase (median 40 mm(3)) in the IFN beta-1a-treated patients (change from baseline not significant). These treatment group comparisons did not quite reach significance. The most significant contributor to change in T1 hypointense lesions was the baseline number of enhancing lesions (model r(2) = 0.554). Placebo patients with more active disease, defined by enhancing lesions at baseline, were the only group to show a significant increase in T1 hypointense lesion volume from baseline. Conclusion: The development of T1 hypointense lesions is strongly influenced by prior inflammatory disease activity, as indicated by enhancing lesions. These results suggest that treatment with once weekly IM IFN beta-1a (30 meg) slows the 2-year accumulation of these lesions in the brain. C1 Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Radiol MRI, Denver, CO 80262 USA. Biogen Inc, Cambridge, MA USA. William C Baird Multiple Sclerosis Res Ctr, Buffalo, NY USA. Millard Fillmore Hlth Syst, Buffalo, NY USA. MSCRG Data Management & Stat Ctr, Buffalo, NY USA. Buffalo Gen Hosp, Dept Neurol, Buffalo, NY 14203 USA. Cleveland Clin Fdn, Mellen Ctr Multiple Sclerosis Treatment & Res, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. Good Samaritan Hosp & Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Portland, OR 97209 USA. Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Mt Zion Multiple Sclerosis Ctr, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Simon, JH (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Radiol MRI, 4200 E 9th Ave,Campus Box A034, Denver, CO 80262 USA. FU PHS HHS [R01-26321] NR 30 TC 100 Z9 100 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0028-3878 J9 NEUROLOGY JI Neurology PD JUL 25 PY 2000 VL 55 IS 2 BP 185 EP 192 PG 8 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 337FA UT WOS:000088345700006 PM 10908888 ER PT J AU Vladimiroff, T AF Vladimiroff, T TI Ab initio and density functional calculations of mean-square amplitudes of vibration for benzene and cubane SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE-THEOCHEM LA English DT Article DE ab initio; density functional theory; mean-square amplitudes; benzene; cubane; scaling ID HARMONIC FORCE-FIELD; ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION; CORRELATION-ENERGY; FREQUENCIES; EXCHANGE; GAS; APPROXIMATION; CHROMIUM; GEOMETRY; ACCURATE AB Mean-square amplitudes of vibration were calculated using ab initio and density functional methods for benzene and cubane. Both 6-31G* and 6-311G** basis sets were employed, It was round that significant improvements were achieved when electron correlation was introduced, even if only at the local density functional level, The mean-square amplitudes calculated were not effected by the basis set used for benzene and slightly improved for the highly strained cubane molecule when the larger basis set was used. An attempt was also made to improve the calculated mean-square amplitudes by making use of scale factors found in the literature, which were developed to improve the calculated frequencies. It was found that only the SCF mean-square amplitudes were significantly improved. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USA, TACOM, ARDEC, Warheads Energet & Combat Support Armaments Ctr, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. RP Vladimiroff, T (reprint author), USA, TACOM, ARDEC, Warheads Energet & Combat Support Armaments Ctr, Bldg 3124, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. EM tvladim@pica.army.mil NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-1280 J9 J MOL STRUC-THEOCHEM JI Theochem-J. Mol. Struct. PD JUL 24 PY 2000 VL 507 BP 111 EP 118 DI 10.1016/S0166-1280(99)00369-3 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 336MH UT WOS:000088305800011 ER PT J AU Hirsch, HR Liu, X Witten, TM AF Hirsch, HR Liu, X Witten, TM TI Mortality-rate crossovers and maximum lifespan in advantaged and disadvantaged populations: Accelerated-mortality and sudden-death models SO JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LONGITUDINAL GOMPERTZIAN ANALYSIS; LARGE MEDFLY COHORTS; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; SURVIVAL FUNCTIONS; UNITED-STATES; DYNAMICS; TIME; INTERSECTIONS; HETEROGENEITY; PARADIGM AB One population is advantaged relative to another by our definition if its survival function is greater at all ages. A population has a lifespan maximum if there is an age at which its survival function becomes exactly zero. Earlier work concerned conditions under which the mortality-rate functions of advantaged and disadvantaged populations displaying lifespan maxima always crossed. Here two survival models of populations having lifespan maxima are presented in which mortality-rate crossings between advantaged and disadvantaged subpopulations may fail to appear. One, the accelerated-mortality model, has a continuous survival function; in the other, the sudden-death model, the survival function is discontinuous. Both differ from examples examined previously in that their mortality-rate functions become infinite at their lifespan maxima. (C) 2000 Academic Press. C1 Univ Kentucky, Coll Med, Dept Physiol, Lexington, KY 40536 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Gulf War Hlth Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Virginia Hlth Qual Ctr, Richmond, VA 23288 USA. RP Hirsch, HR (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Coll Med, Dept Physiol, Lexington, KY 40536 USA. NR 36 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-5193 J9 J THEOR BIOL JI J. Theor. Biol. PD JUL 21 PY 2000 VL 205 IS 2 BP 171 EP 180 DI 10.1006/jtbi.2000.2063 PG 10 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 333HP UT WOS:000088125100001 PM 10873430 ER PT J AU Ma, JY Weiss, E Kyle, DE Ziffer, H AF Ma, JY Weiss, E Kyle, DE Ziffer, H TI Acid catalyzed Michael additions to artemisitene SO BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SUBSEQUENT CONVERSION; CONJUGATE ADDITION; ANALOGS; HOMOLOGATION; DERIVATIVES; QINGHAOSU AB A series of 14-substituted-artemisinin and 9-epiartemisinin derivatives was prepared by a titanium-tetrachloride catalyzed addition of trimethylsilyl enol ethers to artemisitene. Several compounds were four to seven times more active than artemisinin against Plasmodium falciparum. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NIDDK, Chem Phys Lab, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIDDK, Bioorgan Chem Lab, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Parasitol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Ziffer, H (reprint author), NIDDK, Chem Phys Lab, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 13 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0960-894X J9 BIOORG MED CHEM LETT JI Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. PD JUL 17 PY 2000 VL 10 IS 14 BP 1601 EP 1603 DI 10.1016/S0960-894X(00)00297-3 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Organic SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 333UG UT WOS:000088148700027 PM 10915061 ER PT J AU Horton, SB Parker, RG Borie, RB AF Horton, SB Parker, RG Borie, RB TI On minimum cuts and the linear arrangement problem SO DISCRETE APPLIED MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE cuts; linear arrangement; bounds ID TIME ALGORITHMS; GRAPHS; GENERATION; TREES AB In this paper we examine the problem of finding minimum cuts in finite graphs with the side constraint that the vertex sets inducing these cuts must be of a given cardinality. As it turns out, this computation is of interest not only from a combinatorial perspective but also from a practical one, pertaining to the linear arrangement value of graphs. We look at some graph classes where these cuts can be efficiently computed (in general this computation is NP-hard) as well as some cases where their value can be determined in closed form. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Math Sci, W Point, NY 10996 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Ind & Syst Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Comp Sci, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. RP Horton, SB (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Math Sci, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-218X J9 DISCRETE APPL MATH JI Discret Appl. Math. PD JUL 15 PY 2000 VL 103 IS 1-3 BP 127 EP 139 DI 10.1016/S0166-218X(00)00173-6 PG 13 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 321UT UT WOS:000087473600008 ER PT J AU Li, T Joshi, RP Fazi, C AF Li, T Joshi, RP Fazi, C TI Monte Carlo evaluations of degeneracy and interface roughness effects on electron transport in AlGaN-GaN heterostructures SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM-WELL-STRUCTURE; LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; INVERSION LAYER; WURTZITE GAN; MOBILITY; POLARIZATION; FIELD; SEMICONDUCTORS; SCATTERING; SIMULATIONS AB Calculations of the electronic mobility and drift velocity have been carried out for bulk GaN and AlGaN-GaN heterojunctions based on a Monte Carlo approach. The bulk calculations were intended to serve as a validity check of the simulation model. For the heterojunction electron mobility calculations, polarization effects, degeneracy, and interface roughness scattering were all taken into account. Degeneracy is shown to play an important role, especially at large gate bias. Very good agreement with available experiments has been obtained, and yields a set of best-fit transport parameters. Our results underscore the dominance of interface roughness scattering, and demonstrate that a parameterized model based on weak-perturbation, Born approximation theory can yield sufficiently accurate results. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(00)08814-9]. C1 Old Dominion Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Old Dominion Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. EM rpj@sun.engr.odu.edu NR 57 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 15 PY 2000 VL 88 IS 2 BP 829 EP 837 AR PII [S0021-8979(00)08814-9] DI 10.1063/1.373744 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 329DA UT WOS:000087889800039 ER PT J AU Prather, DW Shi, SY Mackie, D AF Prather, DW Shi, SY Mackie, D TI Electromagnetic optimization of multilevel diffractive elements by use of the wavelet transform SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DESIGN AB We present an optimization algorithm for the design of multilevel diffractive optical elements in the electromagnetic domain. The method uses the wavelet transform to parameterize the diffractive optical elements according to a set of coefficients that corresponds to a multiresolution basis. Both local and global optimizations can be performed within a single algorithm. A design example consisting of the optimization of a two-dimensional millimeter-wave diffractive lens over a 10% bandwidth is presented. (C) 2000 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: 050.1970, 260.2110. C1 Univ Delaware, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Prather, DW (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD JUL 15 PY 2000 VL 25 IS 14 BP 1004 EP 1006 DI 10.1364/OL.25.001004 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 334QP UT WOS:000088197400004 PM 18064254 ER PT J AU Lin, SY Fleming, JG Chow, E Bur, J Choi, KK Goldberg, A AF Lin, SY Fleming, JG Chow, E Bur, J Choi, KK Goldberg, A TI Enhancement and suppression of thermal emission by a three-dimensional photonic crystal SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID INHIBITED SPONTANEOUS EMISSION; BAND-GAP STRUCTURES; PERIODIC STRUCTURES; OPAL AB The emission and detection of electromagnetic radiation are essential optical processes that govern performance of lasers, detectors and solar cells. Through light-photonic crystal interaction, a three-dimensional (3D) photonic crystal offers a way to alter such optical processes. Experimental realization is done by building a thin slab of 3D photonic crystal onto a silicon material. The 3D crystal structure is found to be highly effective in suppressing silicon thermal radiation in the photonic band gap spectral regime. Emission is also enhanced in the photonic passbands. At passband resonant frequencies, a thin slab of 3D photonic crystal actually acts like a planar blackbody. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. USA, Res Labs, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Lin, SY (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 22 TC 66 Z9 68 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 15 PY 2000 VL 62 IS 4 BP R2243 EP R2246 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.62.R2243 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 341VT UT WOS:000088612200001 ER PT J AU Vennerstrom, JL Dong, YX Andersen, SL Ager, AL Fu, HN Miller, RE Wesche, DL Kyle, DE Gerena, L Walters, SM Wood, JK Edwards, G Holme, AD McLean, WG Milhous, WK AF Vennerstrom, JL Dong, YX Andersen, SL Ager, AL Fu, HN Miller, RE Wesche, DL Kyle, DE Gerena, L Walters, SM Wood, JK Edwards, G Holme, AD McLean, WG Milhous, WK TI Synthesis and antimalarial activity of sixteen dispiro-1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes: Alkyl-substituted 7,8,15,16-tetraoxadispiro[5.2.5.2]hexadecanes SO JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ARTEMISININ; PEROXIDES; INVITRO; 1,2,4,5,7-PENTOXOCANES; 1,2,4,5-TETROXANES; PHARMACOKINETICS; NEUROTOXICITY; DERIVATIVES; CHEMISTRY; ANALOGS AB Sixteen alkyl-substituted dispiro-1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes (7,8,15,16-tetraoxadispiro[5.2.5.2]hexadecanes) were synthesized to explore dispiro-1,2,4,5-tetraoxane SAR and to identify tetraoxanes with better oral antimalarial activity than prototype tetraoxane 1 (WR 148999). The tetraoxanes were prepared either by peroxidation of the corresponding cyclohexanone derivatives in H2SO4/CH3CN or by ozonolysis of the corresponding cyclohexanone methyl oximes. Those tetraoxanes with alkyl substituents at the 1 and 10 positions were formed as single stereoisomers, whereas the five tetraoxanes formed without the stereochemical control provided by alkyl groups at the 1 and 10 positions were isolated as mixtures of diastereomers. Three of the sixteen tetraoxanes were inactive (IC50's > 1000 nM), but five (2, 6, 10, 11, 12) had IC50's between 10 and 30 nM against the chloroquine-sensitive D6 and chloroquine-resistant W2 clones of Plasmodium falciparum compared to corresponding IC50's of 55 and 32 nM for 1 and 8.4 and 7.3 nM for artemisinin. We suggest that tetraoxanes 13, 16, and 17 were inactive and tetraoxanes 4 and 7 were weakly active due to steric effects preventing or hindering peroxide bond access to parasite heme. Tetraoxanes 1, 10, 11, and 14, along with artemisinin and arteether as controls, were administered po b.i.d. (128 mg/kg/day) to P. berghei-infected mice on days 3, 4, and 5 post-infection. At this dose, tetraoxanes 10, 11, and 14 cured between 40% and 60% of the infected animals. In comparison, artemisinin and tetraoxane 1 produced no cures, whereas arteether cured 100% of the infected animals. There was no apparent relationship between tetraoxane structure and in vitro neurotoxicity, nor was there any correlation between antimalarial activity and neurotoxicity for these seventeen tetraoxanes. C1 Univ Nebraska, Med Ctr, Coll Pharm, Nebraska Med Ctr 986025, Omaha, NE 68198 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Univ Miami, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Miami, FL 33136 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Chem, Omaha, NE 68192 USA. Univ Liverpool, Dept Pharmacol & Therapeut, Ashton St Med Sch, Liverpool L69 3GE, Merseyside, England. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Div Parasite & Vector Biol, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, England. RP Vennerstrom, JL (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Med Ctr, Coll Pharm, Nebraska Med Ctr 986025, 600 S 42nd St, Omaha, NE 68198 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [R15 AI39670-01] NR 37 TC 68 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-2623 J9 J MED CHEM JI J. Med. Chem. PD JUL 13 PY 2000 VL 43 IS 14 BP 2753 EP 2758 DI 10.1021/jm0000766 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 333XY UT WOS:000088157100013 PM 10893313 ER PT J AU Joshi, PC Cole, MW AF Joshi, PC Cole, MW TI Mg-doped Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 thin films for tunable microwave applications SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We report on the microstructural and electrical properties of Mg-doped Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 thin films prepared by the metalorganic solution deposition technique using carboxylate-alkoxide precursors at a postdeposition annealing temperature of 750 degrees C. The structure and morphology of the films were analyzed by x-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy studies. The electrical measurements were conducted on metal-ferroelectric-metal capacitors using Pt as the top and bottom electrode. The typical measured small signal dielectric constant and dissipation factor of undoped Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 thin films at a frequency of 100 kHz were 450 and 0.013, respectively. The undoped Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 thin films exhibited a high tunability of 28.1% and resistivity of 0.4 x 10(12) Ohm cm at an applied electric field of 200 kV/cm. The Mg-doped Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 thin films exhibited significantly improved dielectric loss and insulating characteristics compared to undoped Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 thin films. The effects of Mg doping on the microstructural, dielectric, and insulating properties of Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 thin films were analyzed. The high dielectric constant, low dielectric loss, high tunability, and low leakage current show the potential of pure and Mg-doped Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 thin films for integrated capacitor and microwave communication devices. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(00)02628-0]. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Joshi, PC (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 9 TC 224 Z9 233 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 10 PY 2000 VL 77 IS 2 BP 289 EP 291 DI 10.1063/1.126953 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 329NW UT WOS:000087914100045 ER PT J AU Cho, BR Kim, YJ Kimbler, DL Phillips, MD AF Cho, BR Kim, YJ Kimbler, DL Phillips, MD TI An integrated joint optimization procedure for robust and tolerance design SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID RESPONSE-SURFACE METHODOLOGY; ECONOMIC DESIGN; QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS; PARAMETER DESIGN; TAGUCHI; SPECIFICATION AB Many manufacturers have discovered that optimizing design parameters is a cost-effective means of improving product quality and being competitive in the world market. In this regard, the issues of robust design (RD) and tolerance design (TD) are clearly important, but then is significant room for improvement. The primary objective of this payer is to propose a set of enhanced optimization strategies by combining RD and TD. To be more specific, first, we consider an alternative experimental scheme using response surface methodology, while avoiding the use of controversial tools for RD such as orthogonal arrays and signal-to-noise ratios. Secondly, we discuss an enhanced optimization model by simultaneously considering both the process mean and variance, and then show that this model provides a better (or at least equal) solution in terms of the control factor settings. Thirdly, we show how the response functions for the process mean and variance, which are estimated by using an RD principle, are transmitted into the TD stage. Fourthly, we propose an optimization model for TD and present closed-form solutions for optimum tolerance limits. Finally, we study the possible effects of major cost components, and observe the behaviour of the optimum control parameter settings and the tolerance limits by carrying out sensitivity analysis. C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Ind Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. US Mil Acad, Dept Math Sci, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Cho, BR (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Ind Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. NR 41 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND SN 0020-7543 J9 INT J PROD RES JI Int. J. Prod. Res. PD JUL 10 PY 2000 VL 38 IS 10 BP 2309 EP 2325 DI 10.1080/00207540050028115 PG 17 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 330VM UT WOS:000087981900010 ER PT J AU Huang, YS Malikova, L Pollak, FH Shen, H Pamulapati, J Newman, P AF Huang, YS Malikova, L Pollak, FH Shen, H Pamulapati, J Newman, P TI Surface photovoltage spectroscopy, photoreflectance, and reflectivity characterization of an InGaAs/GaAs/GaAlAs vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser including temperature dependence SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHOTOMODULATED REFLECTANCE; CONTACTLESS ELECTROREFLECTANCE; QUANTUM-WELLS; TRANSITIONS AB We have investigated an InGaAs/GaAs/GaAlAs vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser using surface photovoltage spectroscopy (SPS) in the temperature range of 15 K < T < 400 K. For comparison purposes, we have also (a) measured temperature-dependent photoreflectance (PR) and normal-incidence reflectivity (NIR); and (b) calculated the number of photoexcited carriers (PEC), which is related to the SPS signal. The SPS spectra exhibit both the fundamental conduction to heavy-hole (1C-1H) excitonic transition and cavity mode plus a rich interference pattern related to the properties of the mirror stack. The PR data show only the 1C-1H excitonic transition (plus Franz-Keldysh oscillations) while the cavity mode is detected by NIR. The temperature variation of 1C-1H/cavity mode is the same for SPS and PR/SPS and NIR. The SPS interference pattern from the DBRs is in good agreement with the PEC calculation. This experiment demonstrates the considerable potential of SPS for the characterization of these devices. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(00)01521-7]. C1 CUNY Brooklyn Coll, Dept Phys, Brooklyn, NY 11210 USA. CUNY Brooklyn Coll, New York State Ctr Adv Technol Ultrafast Photon M, Brooklyn, NY 11210 USA. USA, Res Lab, AMSRL SE EM, Sensors & Elect Devices Dirtectorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Natl Taiwan Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Taipei, Taiwan. CUNY, Grad Sch, New York, NY 10016 USA. CUNY, Univ Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USA. RP Huang, YS (reprint author), CUNY Brooklyn Coll, Dept Phys, Brooklyn, NY 11210 USA. NR 20 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 4 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 3 PY 2000 VL 77 IS 1 BP 37 EP 39 DI 10.1063/1.126869 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 329CZ UT WOS:000087889700013 ER PT J AU Ozgur, U Bergmann, MJ Casey, HC Everitt, HO Abare, AC Keller, S DenBaars, SP AF Ozgur, U Bergmann, MJ Casey, HC Everitt, HO Abare, AC Keller, S DenBaars, SP TI Ultrafast optical characterization of carrier capture times in InxGa1-xN multiple quantum wells SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID WURTZITE GAN; BAND-GAP; LASERS; SPECTROSCOPY; TRANSPORT AB Subpicosecond wavelength-degenerate differential transmission optical spectroscopy was used to characterize the electron capture time in a 10-period InxGa1-xN multiple-quantum-well (MQW) structure. Photoluminescence and photoluminescence excitation spectroscopies demonstrated enhanced MQW emission for injection within +/- 50 meV of the barrier energy. Time-resolved differential transmission measurements for excitation in this region reveal efficient electron capture in the quantum wells with a time constant between 310 and 540 fs. A slower exponential relaxation, with strongly wavelength-dependent subnanosecond decay constants, is also observed. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(00)04527-7]. C1 Duke Univ, Dept Phys, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Elect & Comp Engn & Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Ozgur, U (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Phys, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RI Everitt, Henry/L-7118-2013 OI Everitt, Henry/0000-0002-8141-3768 NR 18 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 3 PY 2000 VL 77 IS 1 BP 109 EP 111 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 329CZ UT WOS:000087889700037 ER PT J AU Friessnegg, T Aggarwal, S Ramesh, R Nielsen, B Poindexter, EH Keeble, DJ AF Friessnegg, T Aggarwal, S Ramesh, R Nielsen, B Poindexter, EH Keeble, DJ TI Vacancy formation in (Pb,La)(Zr,Ti)O(3) capacitors with oxygen deficiency and the effect on voltage offset SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILM CAPACITORS; POSITRON-ANNIHILATION; IMPRINT; ELECTRODES; DEFECTS AB Vacancy-related defect profiles have been measured for La(0.5)Sr(0.5)CoO(3)/(Pb(0.9)La(0.1))(Zr(0.2)Ti(0.8))O(3)/La(0.5)Sr(0.5)CoO(3) ferroelectric capacitors using a variable-energy positron beam. By varying the layer thickness and the postgrowth processing in a reducing ambient, a capacitor showing oxygen deficiency dominantly in the top electrode and one with deficiency in both electrodes were produced. The capacitor with an asymmetric defect profile showed a voltage offset polarization-voltage hysteresis loop, that with a symmetric distribution of vacancy-related defects showed no offset. These results are discussed in the context of current models for imprint. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(00)03227-7]. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Mat & Nucl Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Univ Dundee, Ctr Mat Res, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland. RP Friessnegg, T (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mat & Nucl Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM d.j.keeble@dundee.ac.uk RI Nielsen, Bent/B-7353-2009; Keeble, David /C-6633-2012 OI Nielsen, Bent/0000-0001-7016-0040; Keeble, David /0000-0002-5378-799X NR 16 TC 104 Z9 107 U1 1 U2 23 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 3 PY 2000 VL 77 IS 1 BP 127 EP 129 AR PII [S0003-6951(00)03227-7] DI 10.1063/1.126898 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 329CZ UT WOS:000087889700043 ER PT J AU Hill, SC Boutou, V Yu, J Ramstein, S Wolf, JP Pan, YL Holler, S Chang, RK AF Hill, SC Boutou, V Yu, J Ramstein, S Wolf, JP Pan, YL Holler, S Chang, RK TI Enhanced backward-directed multiphoton-excited fluorescence from dielectric microcavities SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULES; FIELDS AB We demonstrate theoretically and experimentally that one-, two-, and three-photon excited fluorescence from dye molecules in spherical microcavities has an asymmetrical angular distribution and is enhanced in the backward direction. The enhancement ratios (of intensities at 180 degrees and 90 degrees) are 9, 5, and 1.8 for three-, two-, and one-photon excitation, respectively. Even larger ratios an expected for microspheres with an index of refraction larger than that used in the experiments. Because of the reciprocity principle and concentration of the incident wave inside particles, the backward enhancement is expected to occur even with nonspherical particles. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Univ Lyon 1, UMR5579, LASIM, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. New Mexico State Univ, Phys Sci Lab, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Appl Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Yale Univ, Ctr Laser Diagnost, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Wolf, Jean-Pierre/B-8315-2012 OI Wolf, Jean-Pierre/0000-0003-3729-958X NR 15 TC 55 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 3 PY 2000 VL 85 IS 1 BP 54 EP 57 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.85.54 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 330JR UT WOS:000087959400014 ER PT J AU Abulaban, A Nieber, JL AF Abulaban, A Nieber, JL TI Modeling the effects of nonlinear equilibrium sorption on the transport of solute plumes in saturated heterogeneous porous media SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE solute transport; porous media; equilibrium sorption; Freundlich isotherm; particle tracking random walk; retardation ID STATE GROUNDWATER-FLOW; STOCHASTIC-ANALYSIS; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; ADSORBING SOLUTE; DIMENSIONAL SIMULATIONS; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; BOUNDED DOMAIN; SCALE; DISPERSION AB Transport of sorbing solutes in 2D steady and heterogeneous flow fields is modeled using a particle tracking random walk technique. The solute is injected as an instantaneous pulse over a finite area. Cases of linear and Freundlich sorption isotherms are considered. Local pore velocity and mechanical dispersion are used to describe the solute transport mechanisms at the local scale. This paper addresses the impact of the degree of heterogeneity and correlation lengths of the log-hydraulic conductivity field as well as negative correlation between the log-hydraulic conductivity field and the log-sorption affinity field on the behavior of the plume of a sorbing chemical. Behavior of the plume is quantified in terms of longitudinal spatial moments: center-of-mass displacement, variance, 95% range, and skewness. The range appears to be a better measure of the spread in the plumes with Freundlich sorption because of plume asymmetry. It has been found that the range varied linearly with the travelled distance, regardless of the sorption isotherm. This linear relationship is important for extrapolation of results to predict behavior beyond simulated times and distances. It was observed that the flow domain heterogeneity slightly enhanced the spreading of nonlinearly sorbing solutes in comparison to that which occurred for the homogeneous flow domain, whereas the spreading enhancement in the case of linear sorption was much more pronounced. In the case of Freundlich sorption, this enhancement led to further deceleration of the solute plume movement as a result of increased retardation coefficients produced by smaller concentrations. It was also observed that, except for plumes with linear sorption, correlation between the hydraulic conductivity and the sorption affinity fields had minimal effect on the spatial moments of solute plumes with nonlinear sorption. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Biosyst & Agr Engn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, USA, High Performance Comp Res Ctr, Minneapolis, MN USA. RP Abulaban, A (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Biosyst & Agr Engn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 54 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1708 J9 ADV WATER RESOUR JI Adv. Water Resour. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 23 IS 8 BP 893 EP 905 DI 10.1016/S0309-1708(00)00010-5 PG 13 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 324NN UT WOS:000087628400009 ER PT J AU De Souza, MS Karnasuta, C Brown, AE Markowitz, LE Nitayaphan, S Garner, RP McNeil, JG Birx, DL Cox, JH AF De Souza, MS Karnasuta, C Brown, AE Markowitz, LE Nitayaphan, S Garner, RP McNeil, JG Birx, DL Cox, JH TI A comparative study of the impact of HIV infection on natural killer cell number and function in Thais and North Americans SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME; NK-CELLS; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; VIRUS INFECTION; T-CELLS; CYTOTOXICITY; LYMPHOCYTES; PROGRESSION; EXPRESSION; MECHANISM AB Innate immunity may play a role in preventing HIV infection and progression to AIDS. Most studies of natural killer (NK) cell function have been conducted in populations with different HLA allele frequencies and HIV subtypes than those found in Southeast Asia. NK cell number and function, defined as CD3(-) cells expressing CD16(+)/CD56(+) and the ability to lyse K562 cells, were enumerated in 42 HIV-seronegative Thais and 20 HIV-seronegative North Americans. The number and percentage of NK cells were similar for both groups, but cytotoxicity function expressed as lytic units (LU20) of NK cells was significantly greater in the Thai subjects compared with the North American subjects (p = 0.004). Comparisons were also conducted between the HIV-seronegative groups and HIV-infected subjects from both Thailand and North America. NK cell number and function were not significantly different between the Thai HIV-seronegative and -seropositive groups. However, the comparison between the North American HIV-seronegative and -seropositive subjects demonstrated profound impairment of NK cell number, percentage, and function (p < 0.001). Matching the Thai and North American HIV-infected subjects on CD4(+) cell count revealed higher NK number and function in the Thai subjects (p < 0.001). The study indicates that NK function in both HIV-seronegative and -seropositive Thais is elevated relative to similar groups in North America. C1 Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. USA, Med Component, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Royal Thai Army, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP De Souza, MS (reprint author), USA, Med Component, AFIRMS, Dept Retrovirol, APO, AP 96546 USA. NR 34 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 16 IS 11 BP 1061 EP 1066 DI 10.1089/08892220050075327 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 333GQ UT WOS:000088122900007 PM 10933621 ER PT J AU Epperly, TD Moore, KE AF Epperly, TD Moore, KE TI Health issues in men: Part II. Common psychosocial disorders SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Article ID ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE; MANAGEMENT; DEPRESSION; PREVENTION; NALTREXONE; THERAPY AB During screening examinations and, when appropriate, other health-related visits, family physicians should be alert. for signs and symptoms of common psychosocial disorders in men. Health issues of concern include alcohol and substance abuse, domestic violence, midlife crisis and depression. Alcohol remains the most abused drug in America. The highest rates of alcohol abuse are in men 25 to 39 years of age, although alcoholism is also a considerable problem after 65 years of age. Disulfiram and the opioid antagonist naltrexone are the two medications currently labeled by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of chronic alcohol dependence. Like alcohol abuse, domestic violence is a sign of psychosocial distress in men. Domestic violence may be a problem in up to 16 percent of marriages. Most men move through the midlife period without difficulty. Major depressive illness occurs in about 1 percent of elderly men, whereas minor depression or subsyndromal depression affects 13 to 27 percent of older men. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors have become first-line therapy for depression. C1 Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. RP Epperly, TD (reprint author), Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 USA SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD JUL 1 PY 2000 VL 62 IS 1 BP 117 EP 124 PG 8 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 335FH UT WOS:000088232800012 PM 10905783 ER PT J AU DeGeare, VS Stone, GW Grines, L Brodie, BR Cox, DA Garcia, E Wharton, TP Boura, JA O'Neill, WW Grines, CL AF DeGeare, VS Stone, GW Grines, L Brodie, BR Cox, DA Garcia, E Wharton, TP Boura, JA O'Neill, WW Grines, CL TI Angiographic and clinical characteristics associated with increased in-hospital mortality in elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction undergoing percutaneous intervention (a pooled analysis of the primary angioplasty in myocardial infarction trials) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COMBINATION THROMBOLYTIC THERAPY; TISSUE PLASMINOGEN-ACTIVATOR; CORONARY THROMBOLYSIS; AGE; STREPTOKINASE; ANISTREPLASE; REPERFUSION; PREDICTORS; ERA AB Advanced age is associated with increased mortality in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) but the mechanism remains unclear. We performed a pooled analysis of 3,032 patients from the Primary Angioplasty in Myocardial Infarction (PAMI)-2, Stent-PAMI, and PAMI-No Surgery On Site trials to determine which clinical, hemodynamic, and angiographic characteristics in the elderly were associated with in-hospital death. There were 452 patients aged greater than or equal to 75 years and 2,580 patients aged <75 years. Older patients had a lower number of risk factors for coronary artery disease but more comorbidities. Acute catheterization demonstrated more 3-vessel disease, higher left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic pressure, lower LV ejection fraction, and higher initial rates of Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) trial 2 or 3 flow. Elderly patients were equally likely to undergo percutaneous intervention but had a lower procedural success rate and lower rates of final TIMI 3 flow, and older patients were more likely to have post-AMI complications. In-hospital mortality was 10.2% and 1.8%, respectively (p = 0.001). Cardiac and noncardiac mortality was higher in elderly patients, and no significant differences in causes of death were identified. Multivariate analysis revealed that the strongest predictors of death were age greater than or equal to 75 years, lower LV ejection fraction, lower final TIMI flow, higher Killip class, need for an intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP), and post-AMI stroke/ transient ischemic attack, or significant arrhythmia. Despite avoiding thrombolysis, elderly patients remain at increased risk of bleeding, stroke, and other post-AMI complications, and death. Cardiac risk factor analysis and acute catheterization offer prognostic information but do nat completely explain the mechanism of increased in-hospital mortality in the elderly. (C) 2000 by Excerpta Medica, Inc. C1 William Beaumont Hosp, Div Cardiol, Royal Oak, MI 48072 USA. Lenox Hill Hosp, New York, NY 10021 USA. LeBauer Healthcare, Greensboro, NC USA. Mid Carolina Cardiol, Charlotte, NC USA. Hosp Univ Gregorio Maranon, Secc Hemodinam Card, Madrid, Spain. Atlantic Cardiol Associates, Exeter, NH USA. RP DeGeare, VS (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Cardiol, MCHE MDC, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 28 TC 82 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 0 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 245 WEST 17TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0002-9149 J9 AM J CARDIOL JI Am. J. Cardiol. PD JUL 1 PY 2000 VL 86 IS 1 BP 30 EP 34 DI 10.1016/S0002-9149(00)00824-9 PG 5 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 327UU UT WOS:000087812900006 PM 10867088 ER PT J AU Gerhardt, RT Gerhardt, DM AF Gerhardt, RT Gerhardt, DM TI Intravenous ketorolac in the treatment of fever SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID PLACEBO; PAIN C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Gerhardt, RT (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0735-6757 J9 AM J EMERG MED JI Am. J. Emerg. Med. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 18 IS 4 BP 500 EP 501 PG 2 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 334CY UT WOS:000088169000029 PM 10919547 ER PT J AU Waddell, JA Coleman, TA AF Waddell, JA Coleman, TA TI Clinical response to unintended infusion of doxorubicin and vincristine over one instead of four days SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH-SYSTEM PHARMACY LA English DT Editorial Material ID MULTIPLE-MYELOMA; VAD AB Straightforward reports of unusual drug experiences are included in this section. While selected references may be cited, the purpose of a Drug Experience report is not to present an extensive review of the literature. A related section, Grand Rounds, includes papers that are well-documented patient case reports with a thorough review of the important literature to help put the case in perspective. Authors should report serious adverse drug reactions to the FDA medical products reporting program (MedWatch). Such reporting will not jeopardize the chances that AJHP will publish manuscripts on the same drug reactions. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Pharm, Hematol Oncol Pharm Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Dwight David Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Hematol Oncol Serv, Ft Gordon, GA USA. RP Waddell, JA (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Pharm, Hematol Oncol Pharm Serv, Bldg 3600,3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEALTH-SYSTEM PHARMACISTS PI BETHESDA PA 7272 WISCONSIN AVE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1079-2082 J9 AM J HEALTH-SYST PH JI Am. J. Health-Syst. Pharm. PD JUL 1 PY 2000 VL 57 IS 13 BP 1242 EP 1244 PG 3 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 331GU UT WOS:000088010600013 PM 10902067 ER PT J AU Shartava, A McIntyre, J Shah, AK Goodman, SR AF Shartava, A McIntyre, J Shah, AK Goodman, SR TI The Gardos channel is responsible for CDNB-induced dense sickle cell formation SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Gardos channel; CDNB; dense sickle cell formation ID RED-BLOOD-CELLS; OXIDATIVE DAMAGE; ERYTHROCYTES; ANEMIA; CLOTRIMAZOLE; DEHYDRATION; INHIBITION; DISCOCYTES; TRANSPORT; MEMBRANES AB The red blood cells (RBCs) derived from blood taken from homozygous sickle cell (SS) patients demonstrate densities that are inversely proportional to the intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH) content. Addition of 1 mM 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) to low-density sickle cells (LDSS), at 4 degrees C, results in a shift of LDSS erythrocytes to high-density sickle cells (HDSS), with corresponding decreases in GSH, We have previously demonstrated that this CDNB effect was due to increased K+ leakage and that dense cell formation could be inhibited by clotrimazole (specific for the Gardos channel) but not DIOA (specific for the K+-Cl- co-transport system) at pH 7.4 (Shartava et al, Am. J. Hematol, 1999;62:19-24), Here we demonstrate that clotrimazole (10 mu M) inhibits dense cell formation at pH 7.1 and 6.8, while DIOA (1 mM) has no effect. As pH 6.8 is the optimal pH for the K+-Cl- co-transport system, we can now reasonably conclude that damage to the Gardos channel is responsible for CDNB-induced dense cell formation. (C) 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Univ S Alabama, Dept Struct & Cellular Biol, Coll Med, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. Univ S Alabama, USA, Coll Med, Ctr Comprehens Sickle Cell, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. Univ S Alabama, Coll Arts & Sci, Dept Math & Stat, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. RP Goodman, SR (reprint author), Univ S Alabama, Dept Struct & Cellular Biol, Coll Med, MSB 2042, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [3P50HL38639] NR 33 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0361-8609 J9 AM J HEMATOL JI Am. J. Hematol. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 64 IS 3 BP 184 EP 189 DI 10.1002/1096-8652(200007)64:3<184::AID-AJH8>3.0.CO;2-3 PG 6 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 325HR UT WOS:000087670600008 PM 10861814 ER PT J AU Michaels, S Sabnis, SG Oliver, JD Guccion, JG AF Michaels, S Sabnis, SG Oliver, JD Guccion, JG TI Renal sarcoidosis with superimposed postinfectious glomerulonephritis presenting as acute renal failure SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF KIDNEY DISEASES LA English DT Article DE sarcoidosis; postinfectious glomerulonephritis (GN); granulomatous interstitial nephritis (GIN) ID GRANULOMATOUS INTERSTITIAL NEPHRITIS; NEPHROTIC SYNDROME; IGA NEPHROPATHY; PULMONARY; MANIFESTATIONS AB We describe two patients with sarcoldosis with lesions of granulomatous interstitial nephritis (GIN) and postinfectious glomerulonephritis (GN). Both patients presented with heavy proteinuria, hematuria, and renal failure. Renal histology in both showed GIN and glomerular changes of proliferative GN with hump-like subepithelial deposits by electron microscopy of postinfectious GN. Antecedent history of pneumonia was present in one, and ASO titer was elevated In the other. The proteinuria and azotemia improved in both with steroid therapy. Reports of "postinfectious" or diffuse proliferative GN in patients with sarcoidosis are rare. The authors are unaware of reports of concomitant sarcoid GIN and postinfectious GN. Although acute renal insufficiency or failure can occur with GIN or other more common renal lesions primary glomerular disease should be considered in patients with sarcoidosis who present with renal dysfunction. C1 Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Div Nephropathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Nephrol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Vet Adm Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Washington, DC 20422 USA. RP Sabnis, SG (reprint author), Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Div Nephropathol, Bldg 54,Room G066,6827-16th St NW, Washington, DC 20306 USA. NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0272-6386 J9 AM J KIDNEY DIS JI Am. J. Kidney Dis. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 36 IS 1 BP art. no. EP e4 DI 10.1053/ajkd.2000.8305 PG 6 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 331FM UT WOS:000088007700039 PM 10873903 ER PT J AU Cable, BB Wassmuth, Z Mann, EA Hommer, D Connely, G Klem, C Quance-Fitch, FJ Bolger, WE AF Cable, BB Wassmuth, Z Mann, EA Hommer, D Connely, G Klem, C Quance-Fitch, FJ Bolger, WE TI The effect of corticosteroids in the treatment of experimental sinusitis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RHINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GRAM-NEGATIVE SINUSITIS; RABBITS AB Emerging evidence indicates that medically recalcitrant sinusitis may be associated with a prolonged and excessive state of inflammation rather than a simple bacterial infection. Corticosteroids have been anecdotally reported to be helpful in treating patients with sinusitis; however; there are no scientific studies documenting the safety and efficacy of corticosteroid therapy ill sinusitis. To resolve the controversy over whether corticosteroids promote or inhibit the resolution of sinusitis, we present a prospective study of 80 rabbits with surgically introduced pseudomonal sinusitis that were that treated in one of four arms: control, ceftazidine, methylprednisolone, and ceftazidime with methylprednisolone. Sinus cavities were then evaluated after 5, 14, 21, and 28 days of treatment both by histologic inflammation grading and bacterial quantification. Results showed a significant decrease ill bacterial loads ill both the antibiotic and antibiotic with steroid arms over control animals, although no difference was seen between the two. Histologic grading show ed a similar trend, although statistical significance was not obtained. Overall, this study demonstrated no clear advantage of steroids in the treatment of sinus infections using this model. At the same point, no significant reduction in the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy was seen with concurrent steroid Else. A number of limitations of the animal model are noted and the need for human studies in this area is discussed. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg Otolaryngol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Cable, BB (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, 6825 16th St NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 12 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU OCEAN SIDE PUBLICATIONS INC PI PROVIDENCE PA 95 PITMAN ST, PROVIDENCE, RI 02906 USA SN 1050-6586 J9 AM J RHINOL JI Am. J. Rhinol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP 217 EP 222 DI 10.2500/105065800779954400 PG 6 WC Otorhinolaryngology SC Otorhinolaryngology GA 347VG UT WOS:000088949400002 PM 10979493 ER PT J AU Ruess, L Blask, ARN Bulas, DI Mohan, P Bader, A Latimer, JS Kerzner, B AF Ruess, L Blask, ARN Bulas, DI Mohan, P Bader, A Latimer, JS Kerzner, B TI Inflammatory bowel disease in children and young adults: Correlation of sonographic and clinical parameters during treatment SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CROHNS-DISEASE; ACTIVITY INDEX; ULCERATIVE-COLITIS; ULTRASONOGRAPHIC ASSESSMENT; DIFFERENTIAL-DIAGNOSIS; DOPPLER SONOGRAPHY; ULTRASOUND; WALL; VALIDATION; FEATURES AB OBJECTIVE. The objective of this study was to evaluate the sonographic findings of inflammatory bowel disease activity in children undergoing treatment. SUBJECTS AND METHODS. Eighty-eight sonograms were obtained of 23 bowel segments in 17 children and young adults (age range, 10-21 years; mean, 16 years) with new or recurrent inflammatory bowel disease. Sixteen segments were involved with Crohn's disease and seven with ulcerative colitis. Serial sonography (range, two to eight examinations; mean, four per segment) was performed while patients underwent treatment. Bowel wall thickness measurements and color and power Doppler sonography grading were recorded and compared with clinical data. RESULTS. All 17 patients had at least one abnormal bowel segment on initial sonography. The correlation was significant (p < 0.01). Agreement was 91% on direction of change over time between bowel wall thickness and Doppler glades, with 100% correlation between color and power Doppler sonography grades, In patients with Crohn's disease, the correlation was significant (p < 0.05) between bowel wall thickness and Doppler grades with two of seven and four of seven clinical parameters, respectively. In patients with ulcerative colitis, the correlation was significant (p < 0.05) between bowel wall thick;ness and Doppler sonography grades with four of seven and three of seven clinical parameters, respectively. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate correlated with all sonographic measurements in both patient groups. Combining bowel wall thickness:; and Doppler sonography, the percentage of agreement was significant in the direction of change, with five of seven clinical parameters in both patient groups. CONCLUSION. Gray-scale and color or power Doppler sonography can show changes in disease activity in children and young adults undergoing treatment for inflammatory bowel disease. C1 Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Dept Diagnost Imaging & Radiol, Washington, DC 20010 USA. Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Washington, DC 20010 USA. Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Dept Gastroenterol, Washington, DC 20010 USA. RP Ruess, L (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, MCHK-DR,1 Jarret White Rd, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 34 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0361-803X J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 175 IS 1 BP 79 EP 84 PG 6 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 325DH UT WOS:000087660700016 PM 10882251 ER PT J AU Nelson, BJ Arciero, RA AF Nelson, BJ Arciero, RA TI Arthroscopic management of glenohumeral instability SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ANTERIOR SHOULDER DISLOCATIONS; INFERIOR CAPSULAR SHIFT; BANKART SUTURE REPAIR; 5-YEAR FOLLOW-UP; HOLMIUM-YAG LASER; MULTIDIRECTIONAL INSTABILITY; JOINT CAPSULE; STAPLE CAPSULORRHAPHY; STABILIZATION; RECONSTRUCTION AB There has been substantial development of techniques for performing arthroscopic surgery of the shoulder over the past 20 years. A multitude of arthroscopic techniques have been developed in an attempt to manage the unstable glenohumeral joint while decreasing surgical morbidity. The results obtained with arthroscopic stabilization have been widely variable. This review will examine the current status of arthroscopic management of glenohumeral instability. The techniques and results of arthroscopic stabilization for primary anterior glenohumeral instability, recurrent anterior instability, and multidirectional instability will be discussed. A brief discussion on thermal capsulorrhaphy is included. C1 Keller Army Community Hosp, Orthopaed Surg Serv, USA, Joint & Soft Tissue Trauma Fellowship, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Arciero, RA (reprint author), Keller Army Community Hosp, Orthopaed Surg Serv, USA, Joint & Soft Tissue Trauma Fellowship, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 92 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ORTHOPAEDIC SOC SPORT MED PI WALTHAM PA 230 CALVARY STREET, WALTHAM, MA 02154 USA SN 0363-5465 J9 AM J SPORT MED JI Am. J. Sports Med. PD JUL-AUG PY 2000 VL 28 IS 4 BP 602 EP 614 PG 13 WC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA 337PK UT WOS:000088370700027 PM 10921658 ER PT J AU Strickman, D Sithiprasasna, R Kittayapong, P Innis, BL AF Strickman, D Sithiprasasna, R Kittayapong, P Innis, BL TI Distribution of dengue and Japanese encephalitis among children in rural and suburban Thai villages SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID AEDES-AEGYPTI; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; PUERTO-RICO; TRANSMISSION; INFECTIONS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; DETERMINANTS; ALBOPICTUS; ABUNDANCE; MEXICO AB In the rainy season of 1989, IgG and IgM antibodies against dengue and Japanese encephalitis viruses (measured by enzyme-linked immunoassay [ELISA]) in serum from all primary school children in two areas of central Thailand were sampled in order to choose a study site for more detailed epidemiological and entomological analysis. Students in three schools in the largely non-agricultural, suburban community of Bang Bua Thong, Nontaburi Province were sampled in late June and July. Of 1,477 children, 33/1,000 had recent dengue infection and 7/1,000 had recent JE infection. The rate of dengue infection in each village influenced the rate in schools, in that the rate of the school could be predicted from the proportion of students coming from each village. This result suggested that most transmission occurred in the residential environment; otherwise, the rate in each village going to a single school would be identical. Serum samples were taken in late August in the agricultural community of Hua Samrong, Chachoengsao Province. Of 748 students in two schools, 95/1,000 had signs of recent dengue infection and 32/1,000 had signs of recent JE infection. Two of 12 villages had significantly less flavivirus infection than some other villages and three villages had significantly more flavivirus infection. The children from one village had a dengue infection rate of 256 per 1,000, which was higher than the national average for the worst year (1987) previously recorded in Thailand. Within Hua Samrong, there was evidence for significant dengue transmission in one of the schools and concentrated transmission in small areas of two of the villages. The younger age group (3-8 years old) had significantly higher risk of infection by either flavivirus than older children. Elevated homes with wooden floors had significantly higher risk of dengue in the largest village. The observations from 1989 describe the epidemiological situation in rapidly developing, rural villages. This stage of development is probably being repeated throughout Southeast Asia as formerly isolated, rural villages become connected by transportation and economy; to urban centers. What appears to be a single dengue outbreak based on passive surveillance conducted on a regional basis may actually be a variety of epidemiological situations. The practical implication of this conclusion is that application of a combination of vaccination and vector control should be targeted to higher risk areas in order to increase the likelihood of regional dengue virus eradication. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok, Thailand. Mahidol Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Biol, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. RP Strickman, D (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Entomol, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 30 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUL-AUG PY 2000 VL 63 IS 1-2 BP 27 EP 35 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 431JZ UT WOS:000168629200005 PM 11357991 ER PT J AU Adams, SR Hoover, JJ Killgore, KJ AF Adams, SR Hoover, JJ Killgore, KJ TI Swimming performance of the Topeka shiner (Notropis topeka) an endangered midwestern minnow SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID STURGEON; FISHES AB The Topeka shiner (Notropis topeka) is imperiled by extensive changes in stream hydrology. Responses of shiners to changes or variation in stream hydraulics, however, have not been quantified, hampering conservation efforts. We quantified swimming endurance and behavior for Topeka shiners in a laboratory swim tunnel. Sustained swimming (>200 min) was observed at water velocities of 30-40 cm/s. Prolonged and burst swimming (approximately 10 min to less than 0.1 min) was observed at water velocities of 40-75 cm/s and endurance was negatively correlated with water velocity. Larger individuals (4.4-5.5 cm standard length) exhibited greater sustained swimming ability than smaller individuals (3.0-4.2 cm standard length). Oral grasping of wire mesh within the swim tunnel was frequently employed at moderate water velocities (35-50 cm/s); this behavior may limit downstream displacement of shiners during freshers. Topeka shiners are capable of swimming speeds faster than water velocities which they typically inhabit. Fishways and culverts, therefore, may be employed to facilitate dispersal and recolonization. Swimming endurance data are used to determine optimal size and water velocities for such structures. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Adams, SR (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Dept Zool & Fisheries, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. NR 27 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 144 IS 1 BP 178 EP 186 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2000)144[0178:SPOTTS]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 340EG UT WOS:000088519700017 ER PT J AU Giudici, S Farmer, W Dollinger, A Andrada, T Torrington, K Rajagopal, K AF Giudici, S Farmer, W Dollinger, A Andrada, T Torrington, K Rajagopal, K TI Lack of predictive value of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale in patients after uvulopalatopharyngoplasty SO ANNALS OF OTOLOGY RHINOLOGY AND LARYNGOLOGY LA English DT Article DE diagnosis; polysomnography; questionnaires; sleep apnea; therapy; uvulopalatopharyngoplasty ID AIRWAY-RESISTANCE SYNDROME; APNEA SYNDROME; DAYTIME SLEEPINESS; POSTOPERATIVE EVALUATION; SURGERY AB The Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) has been recognized as a valid measure of sleep propensity. Statistically significant correlations between ESS scores, the respiratory disturbance index (RDI), and the lowest arterial oxygen saturation (LSAT) have been described in patients with surgically untreated obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). We investigated whether the same relationships hold true after uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP). Forty-two adults with documented OSA treated by UPPP were reevaluated with the ESS questionnaire and 8-hour diagnostic nocturnal polysomnography (nPSG). We found no significant correlation between the ESS scores and the RDI or LSAT in patients after UPPP. Because postoperative ESS scores do not correlate with the RDI or LSAT, we conclude that the ESS is not a reliable surrogate for nPSG testing. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Pulm & Crit Care Med Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Giudici, S (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Coll Med, Dept Internal Med, 2-202 MEB, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ANNALS PUBL CO PI ST LOUIS PA 4507 LACLEDE AVE, ST LOUIS, MO 63108 USA SN 0003-4894 J9 ANN OTO RHINOL LARYN JI Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 109 IS 7 BP 646 EP 649 PG 4 WC Otorhinolaryngology SC Otorhinolaryngology GA 333AC UT WOS:000088105700006 PM 10903045 ER PT J AU Sallum, MAM Schultz, TR Wilkerson, RC AF Sallum, MAM Schultz, TR Wilkerson, RC TI Phylogeny of Anophelinae (Diptera Culicidae) based on morphological characters SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Anopheles; Culicidae; phylogeny; morphology ID AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA; CLADISTIC-ANALYSIS; MOSQUITOS DIPTERA; SUBGENUS CELLIA; GENUS ANOPHELES; SOUTH-AMERICA; CLASSIFICATION; SYSTEMATICS; SERIES AB Phylogenetic relationships of mosquitoes in the subfamily Anophelinae are presented based on a cladistic analysis of 163 morphological characters from females, males, fourth-instar larvae, and pupae of 64 species. Species examined include one Chagasia Cruz, three Bironella Theobald, and 60 species representing all six subgenera of Anopheles Meigen. Uranotaenia lowii Theobald and Aedeomyia squamipennis (Lynch Arribalzaga) are used as outgroups. This analysis indicates that Anophelinae is monophyletic, that Chagasia is the earliest-diverged lineage within Anophelinae, and that the genus Anopheles, as currently defined, is paraphyletic because it excludes Bironella. Four nonhomoplastic synapomorphies support the monophyly of the clade composed of the genera Bironella and Anopheles. Three major lineages are recognized within this clade. The basal lineage (lineage 1) contains An. (Nyssorhynchus), An. (Kerteszia), and An. implexus (Theobald). This analysis supports the monophyly of the sister groups Nyssorhynchus Blanchard and Kerteszia Theobald, but finds the Albimanus, Argyritarsis, and Myzorhynchella sections of the subgenus Nyssorhynchus to be paraphyletic. The second lineage (lineage 2) contains species of the subgenus Cellia Theobald, which is monophyletic. Except for the Cellia series, however, all other series of the subgenus Cellia are paraphyletic. The third lineage (lineage 3) contains species of the subgenera Anopheles Meigen, Stethomyia Theobald, Lophopodomyia Antunes, and of the genus Bironella. Bironella and Stethomyia are monophyletic sister groups. The Lophoscelomyia and Arribalzagia series are monophyletic. The Arribalzagia and Cycloleppteron series are sister groups nested within the Myzorhynchus series. We conclude that there is no support for the generic recognition of Bironella, nor the subgeneric rank of Lophopodomyia and Stethomyia. C1 Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Saude Publ, Dept Epidemiol, BR-01246904 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Museum Support Ctr, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Sallum, MAM (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Saude Publ, Dept Epidemiol, Av Dr Arnaldo 715, BR-01246904 Sao Paulo, Brazil. RI Sallum, Maria/B-8537-2012 NR 47 TC 64 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0013-8746 EI 1938-2901 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 93 IS 4 BP 745 EP 775 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2000)093[0745:POADCB]2.0.CO;2 PG 31 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 359VE UT WOS:000089632100006 ER PT J AU Wilson, MJ Boyd, SYN Lisagor, PG Rubal, BJ Cohen, DJ AF Wilson, MJ Boyd, SYN Lisagor, PG Rubal, BJ Cohen, DJ TI Ascending aortic atheroma assessed intraoperatively by epiaortic and transesophageal echocardiography SO ANNALS OF THORACIC SURGERY LA English DT Article ID THORACIC AORTA; BYPASS-SURGERY; STROKE; ARCH; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; STRATEGY; PLAQUES; DISEASE; RISK AB Background. The presence of ascending aortic atheroma is a known risk for systemic emboli or early saphenous vein graft failure if unrecognized at the time of cardiopulmonary bypass. Methods. This study prospectively compared intraoperative omniplane transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and epiaortic ultrasound (EAU) images in 22 patients (6 women, 16 men, age 66 +/- 8 years) before surgical manipulation of the ascending aorta. Atheroma lesion severity was scored: 1 = normal, 2 = nonprotruding intimal thickening (> 2 mm), 3 = atheroma less than 4 mm +/- Ca++, 4 = atheroma greater than or equal to 4 mm +/- Ca++, and 5 = any size mobile or ulcerated lesion +/- Ca++. The ascending aorta between the aortic valve and innominate artery was divided into proximal, middle, and distal segments. A total of 66 segments were evaluated. Results. Although the overall agreement of scores between procedures was 75.8%, significantly more lesions were identified by EAU (15) than by TEE (5) (p < 0.03). TEE failed to identify lesions in the middle and distal segments of the aorta with a score of more than 3. Conclusions. Although atheromatous lesions were identified in the ascending aorta by both ultrasound modalities, the results suggest that intraoperative EAU may have an advantage over TEE for surgeons assessing target sites for surgical procedures involving the ascending aorta. (Ann Thorac Surg 2000;70:25-30) (C) 2000 by The Society of Thoracic Surgeons. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Serv Cardiol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Cardiothorac Surg Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Wilson, MJ (reprint author), Madigan Army Med Ctr, Serv Cardiol, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. NR 27 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0003-4975 J9 ANN THORAC SURG JI Ann. Thorac. Surg. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 70 IS 1 BP 25 EP 30 DI 10.1016/S0003-4975(00)01256-X PG 6 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Respiratory System; Surgery SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Respiratory System; Surgery GA 336TB UT WOS:000088318100008 PM 10921677 ER PT J AU Wu, CF Cha, HJ Rao, G Valdes, JJ Bentley, WE AF Wu, CF Cha, HJ Rao, G Valdes, JJ Bentley, WE TI A green fluorescent protein fusion strategy for monitoring the expression, cellular location, and separation of biologically active organophosphorus hydrolase SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PSEUDOMONAS-DIMINUTA; RECOMBINANT PROTEINS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PURIFICATION; PHOSPHOTRIESTERASE; THIOREDOXIN; REPORTER; AFFINITY; MUTANT; CELLS AB Organophosphorus hydrolase (OPH) is capable of degrading a variety of pesticides and nerve agents. We have developed a versatile monitoring technique for detecting the amount of OPH during the expression and purification steps. This involves fusion of the gene for green fluorescent protein (GFP) to the 5' end of the OPH gene and subsequent expression in Escherichia coli. The synthesized fusion protein was directly visualized due to the optical properties of GFP. Western blot analyses showed that the correct fusion protein was expressed after IPTG-induction. Also, the in vivo GFP fluorescence intensity was proportional to the OPH enzyme activity. Moreover, the OPH, which forms a dimer in its active state, retained activity while fused to GFP, Enterokinase digestion experiments showed that OPH was separated from the GFP reporter after purification via immobilized metal affinity chromatography, which in turn was monitored by fluorescence. The strategy of linking GFP to OPH has enormous potential for improving enzyme production efficiency, as well as enhancing field use, as it can be monitored at low concentrations with inexpensive instrumentation based on detecting green fluorescence. C1 Univ Maryland, Inst Biotechnol, Ctr Agr Biotechnol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Ctr Med Biotechnol, Inst Biotechnol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Chem Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem Engn, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. USA, ERDEC, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Bentley, WE (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Biotechnol, Ctr Agr Biotechnol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 21 TC 51 Z9 55 U1 3 U2 9 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 54 IS 1 BP 78 EP 83 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 337FB UT WOS:000088345800012 PM 10952008 ER PT J AU Spencer, DF Ksander, GG Madsen, JD Owens, CS AF Spencer, DF Ksander, GG Madsen, JD Owens, CS TI Emergence of vegetative propagules of Potamogeton nodosus, Potamogeton pectinatus, Vallisneria americana, and Hydrilla verticillata based on accumulated degree-days SO AQUATIC BOTANY LA English DT Article DE American pondweed; sage pondweed; Hydrilla; water celery; sprouting; tuber; turion; winter bud; temperature ID GROWING DEGREE-DAYS; HEAT UNITS; DIOECIOUS HYDRILLA; TEMPERATURE; GERMINATION; GROWTH; PREDICTION; MANAGEMENT; BIOTYPES; ECOLOGY AB The purpose of this study was to develop equations that predict emergence from vegetative propagules for four species of aquatic plants. We established artificial propagule banks by growing monoecious and dioecious Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle, Potamogeton pectinatus L., Potamogeton nodosus Poiret in outdoor tanks in Davis, California. Dioecious H. verticillata, P. pectinatus, P. nodosus and Vallisneria americana L. were grown in similar tanks in Lewisville, Texas. Emergence of undisturbed propagules was monitored the following spring. In California, P. pectinatus tubers, P. nodosus winter buds, and axillary turions formed by monoecious H. verticillata began to sprout at about the same time in mid-February, while dioecious H. verticillata tubers did not begin to emerge until mid-August. The distinct separations of emergence times for propagules in the Texas experiment were similar to those observed in California, and V. americana showed the earliest emergence time. Using sediment temperature data from each location, we calculated degree-days using the single triangle method. We fit a single logistic equation relating cumulative emergence to accumulated degree-days for each species-propagule combination from the two locations. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Exot & Invas Weeds Res Unit, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Lewisville Aquat Ecosyst Res Facil, Lewisville, TX 75057 USA. RP Spencer, DF (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Exot & Invas Weeds Res Unit, Robbins Hall, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 32 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3770 J9 AQUAT BOT JI Aquat. Bot. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 67 IS 3 BP 237 EP 249 DI 10.1016/S0304-3770(00)00091-7 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 321GN UT WOS:000087447900006 ER PT J AU Muza, SR Jackson, R Rock, PB Roach, J Lyons, T Cymerman, A AF Muza, SR Jackson, R Rock, PB Roach, J Lyons, T Cymerman, A TI Interaction of chemical defense clothing and high terrestrial altitudes on lift/carry and marksmanship performance SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE altitude; staged ascent; altitude acclimatization; pulmonary function; protective clothing; respiratory protective device; exercise; marksmanship ID EXERCISE; ACCLIMATIZATION AB Background: The increased metabolic energy requirement imposed by a chemical defense uniform (CDU) and the lower maximal aerobic capacity associated with increased altitude should produce greater demands on the cardiopulmonary system during the performance of a given work task at increasing altitudes. We hypothesized that: a) relative to sea level, the decrements in physical work performance caused by ascending to high terrestrial altitudes would be greater in a CDU compared with a standard fatigue uniform (U.S. Army, BDU); b) the aversive subjective reactions to the CDU would be accentuated with increasing altitude; and c) that staging at moderate altitude, to induce acclimatization, would restore work performance at higher altitudes to sea level norms. Methods: The physiological and subjective responses of 8 male soldiers to work (10-min lift-and-carry task and rifle marksmanship) were measured. Subjects wore the BDU and a CDU ensemble (U.S. Army, BDO) at sea level, intermediate (2743 m) and high (4300 m) altitudes following rapid and staged (3 d at 1830 m) ascents to the higher altitudes. Results: Lift/carry task performance tended to be lower (p = 0.076) in the CDU vs. the BDU at altitude. The cardiopulmonary responses to the lift/carry task increased at altitude and were greater in the CDU. The subjects' perception of their ability to perform the lift/ carry task at altitude was adversely impacted more in the CDU than the BDU. Rapid ascent to intermediate altitude degraded marksmanship in both uniforms. Following staged ascent, lift/carry task and marksmanship performance was restored to sea level norms. Conclusions: Personnel wearing CDU or equivalent protective clothing at intermediate to high terrestrial elevations should anticipate proportionally larger CDU-induced decrements of work performance and lower tolerance to working in a CDU than experienced near sea level. Staging at moderate altitude is an effective strategy for restoring work performance to sea level norms at higher altitudes. C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, TMD, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Muza, SR (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, TMD, Kansas St, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 71 IS 7 BP 668 EP 677 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 329RE UT WOS:000087921000002 PM 10902929 ER PT J AU Werbovetz, KA Bhattacharjee, AK Brendle, JJ Scovill, JP AF Werbovetz, KA Bhattacharjee, AK Brendle, JJ Scovill, JP TI Analysis of stereoelectronic properties of camptothecin analogues in relation to biological activity SO BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PLANT ANTITUMOR AGENTS; DNA-TOPOISOMERASE-I; ANTILEUKEMIC ACTIVITY; LEISHMANIA-DONOVANI AB Camptothecin and four of its 10,11-methylenedioxy analogues were examined for their activity against the pathogenic protozoan Leishmania donovani in vitro. The methylenedioxy analogues were 36- to 180-fold more potent than the parent camptothecin, possessing IC50 values ranging from 160 to 32 nM against the parasite. Our finding that the methylenedioxy camptothecins possess greater activity than camptothecin, which is also the case for other cell types and for the generation of cleavable complex in the presence of DNA and purified mammalian topoisomerase I, prompted us to examine the molecular features of camptothecin and methylenedioxy camptothecin analogues. A delocalization of positive potential was observed in the methylenedioxy camptothecin analogues, which could increase the affinity of these molecules for DNA. In addition, geometrical and electronic differences between the E ring of camptothecin and its methylenedioxy analogues were noted. One or both of these factors may contribute to the superior biological activity of the methylenedioxy camptothecin analogues. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Parasitol, Div Expt Therapeut, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Med Chem, Div Expt Therapeut, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Werbovetz, KA (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Parasitol, Div Expt Therapeut, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RI Werbovetz, Karl/E-4290-2011 NR 19 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0968-0896 J9 BIOORGAN MED CHEM JI Bioorg. Med. Chem. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 8 IS 7 BP 1741 EP 1747 DI 10.1016/S0968-0896(00)00111-5 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 336BK UT WOS:000088281900022 PM 10976522 ER PT J AU Flinn, IW Byrd, JC Morrison, C Jamison, J Diehl, LF Murphy, T Piantadosi, S Seifter, E Ambinder, RF Vogelsang, G Grever, MR AF Flinn, IW Byrd, JC Morrison, C Jamison, J Diehl, LF Murphy, T Piantadosi, S Seifter, E Ambinder, RF Vogelsang, G Grever, MR TI Fludarabine and cyclophosphamide with filgrastim support in patients with previously untreated indolent lymphoid malignancies SO BLOOD LA English DT Article ID CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC-LEUKEMIA; BONE-MARROW TRANSPLANTATION; HAIRY-CELL LEUKEMIA; NATURAL-HISTORY; THERAPY; CHLORAMBUCIL AB To evaluate the response rate and potential toxicities, a phase II trial was conducted of fludarabine and cyclophosphamide with filgrastim support in patients with previously untreated low grade and select intermediate grade lymphoid malignancies. Symptomatic patients with preserved end organ fu notion received cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m(2) intravenous (iv) day 1 and fludarabine 20 mg/m(2) iv days1 through 5, followed by filgrastim 5 mu g/kg subcutaneous starting approximately day 8. Treatment was repeated every 28 days until maximum response or a maximum of 6 cycles. Sixty patients, median age 53.5 years, were enrolled. Thirty-seven patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) were stage IV and 6 were stage ill, Eleven of 17 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) were Rai intermediate risk end 6 were high risk. The overall complete response (CR) rate was 51% and the partial response (PR) rate was 41%. Of patients with CLL, 47% achieved a CR and the remaining 53% achieved a PR. Of patients with follicular lymphoma, 60% achieved CR and 32% achieved a PR. Although the toxicity of this regimen was mainly hematologic, significant nonhematologic toxicities, including infections, were seen. Twenty-four patients subsequently received an autologous or allogeneic stem cell transplant. Engraftment was rapid, and there were no noticeable procedure toxicities in the immediate posttransplant period attributable to the fludarabine and cyclophosphamide regimen. Fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and filgrastim make up a highly active and well-tolerated regimen in CLL and NHL. (Blood. 2000;96:71-75) (C) 2000 by The American Society of Hematology. C1 Johns Hopkins Oncol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21231 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Flinn, IW (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Oncol Ctr, Canc Res Bldg Room 388,1650 Orleans St, Baltimore, MD 21231 USA. NR 28 TC 144 Z9 149 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD JUL 1 PY 2000 VL 96 IS 1 BP 71 EP 75 PG 5 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 327UX UT WOS:000087813200011 PM 10891432 ER PT J AU Hoddinott, KB Lee, AP AF Hoddinott, KB Lee, AP TI The use of environmental risk assessment methodologies for an indoor air quality investigation SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Environmental Contamination, Toxicology and Health CY SEP 23-25, 1998 CL HONG KONG BAPTIST UNIV, HONG KONG, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Croucher Fdn, Environm & Conservat Fund, Hong Kong Baptist Univ, British Council, Dept Trade & Ind, Zhongshan Univ, Perkin Elmer Hong Kong Ltd, Guyline (Asia) Ltd HO HONG KONG BAPTIST UNIV ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; EXPOSURE; CHEMICALS; OUTDOOR AB The authors of this paper chose several target compounds that have been found in average US homes, applied the current United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Superfund risk assessment methodologies to indoor air quality, and produced risk numbers for hazard quotients and predicted increases in incidence of cancer which would be unacceptable at US hazardous waste sites. The calculations were made for the average child and adult with USEPA default exposure values. Calculations were also made for a worst case scenario using maximum concentrations and exposure estimates defined by the USEPA as describing the reasonable exposure (RME). Significant cancer risks and non-cancer hazard quotients were predicted. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Hoddinott, KB (reprint author), USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 8 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD JUL PY 2000 VL 41 IS 1-2 BP 77 EP 84 DI 10.1016/S0045-6535(99)00392-6 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 309TZ UT WOS:000086786500011 PM 10819182 ER PT J AU Wortmann, GW Aronson, NE Miller, RS Blazes, D Oster, CN AF Wortmann, GW Aronson, NE Miller, RS Blazes, D Oster, CN TI Cutaneous leishmaniasis following local trauma: A clinical pearl SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article AB Cutaneous leishmaniasis is acquired from the bite of an infected sand fly and can result in chronic skin lesions that develop within weeks to months after a bite. Local trauma has been implicated as a precipitating event in the development of skin lesions in patients who have been infected with Leishmania species. Here we report a case series and review the literature on patients who developed cutaneous leishmaniasis after local trauma, which may familiarize clinicians with this presentation. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Natl Naval Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Wortmann, GW (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Infect Dis Clin, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 16 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 31 IS 1 BP 199 EP 201 DI 10.1086/313924 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 347VY UT WOS:000088950900041 PM 10913426 ER PT J AU Libraty, DH Endy, TP Green, S Vaughn, DW Suntayakorn, S Nisalak, A Rothman, ALL Ennis, FA AF Libraty, DH Endy, TP Green, S Vaughn, DW Suntayakorn, S Nisalak, A Rothman, ALL Ennis, FA TI Leptospirosis as a cause of dengue-like illness in a pediatric population in Northern Thailand SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Kamphaeng Phet Prov Hosp, Kamphaeng Phet, Thailand. Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Worcester, MA USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 31 IS 1 MA 466 BP 293 EP 293 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 347VY UT WOS:000088950900516 ER PT J AU Magill, AJ Wongsrichanalai, C Forney, JR Bautista, C Sirichasinthop, J Andersen, EM Vidal, C Aronson, NE Moran, KA Calampa, C Gasser, RA AF Magill, AJ Wongsrichanalai, C Forney, JR Bautista, C Sirichasinthop, J Andersen, EM Vidal, C Aronson, NE Moran, KA Calampa, C Gasser, RA TI Performance characteristics of a prototype malaria rapid diagnostic device (MRDD) for the detection of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Direcc Salud de Loreto, Iquitos, Peru. Hosp Apoyo Iquitos, Iquitos, Peru. NMRCD, Lima, Peru. Vector Borne Dis Control Off 1, Saraburi, Thailand. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 31 IS 1 MA 472 BP 294 EP 294 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 347VY UT WOS:000088950900522 ER PT J AU Wood, BJ McKee, KT Gaydos, CA Theodore, M Zuzak, KB Howell, R Quinn, TC Syffus, P Brown, X Gaydos, JC AF Wood, BJ McKee, KT Gaydos, CA Theodore, M Zuzak, KB Howell, R Quinn, TC Syffus, P Brown, X Gaydos, JC TI Usefulness of the urine leukocyte esterase test (LET) to identify which asymptomatic males to screen by urine ligase chain reaction (LCR) for C-trachomatis and N-gonorrhoeae. SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. NIH, Baltimore, MD USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. RI Gaydos, Charlotte/E-9937-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 31 IS 1 MA 540 BP 306 EP 306 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 347VY UT WOS:000088950900590 ER PT J AU Huang, XG Gillespie, JW Bogetti, T AF Huang, XG Gillespie, JW Bogetti, T TI Process induced stress for woven fabric thick section composite structures SO COMPOSITE STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE woven fabric composites; micromechanics model; thermoset composites; chemical shrinkage; curing stress AB A semi-numerical model was developed to simulate processing induced stress for woven fabric composite material structures. The approach consists three main parts. The first part was the simulation of resin chemical kinetic cure behavior and micromechanics for cure dependent resin and glass fiber. The second was the analytical extension of TEXCAD woven fabric micromechanics model (Naik RA. TEXCAD-Textile Composite Analysis for Design. NASA report 4639, December 1994) to cure dependent textile unit cell model. The last was the introducing of the effective unit cell properties to finite element structure modeling. Cure dependent material response includes thermoset resin hardening and volumetric shrinkage during cure. The approach was incrementally employed whereby the model predicts the composite fabric unit cell effective modulus, processing-induced strains and stresses (thermal expansion and chemical shrinkage) during cure. Case studies were presented which illustrate the effective modulus and processing stress/strain development during cure for a plain weave S2-glass/vinyl-ester composite laminate. An understanding of the complex relationships between cure, modulus and processing-induced stress/strain development represents a significant step towards optimizing processing strategies for thick-section woven fabric composite structures. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Delaware, Ctr Composite Mat, Newark, DE 19716 USA. USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Huang, XG (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Ctr Composite Mat, Newark, DE 19716 USA. NR 13 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0263-8223 J9 COMPOS STRUCT JI Compos. Struct. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 49 IS 3 BP 303 EP 312 DI 10.1016/S0263-8223(00)00062-3 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 310VL UT WOS:000086849700007 ER PT J AU Fecko, MA Uyar, MU Amer, PD Sethi, AS Dzik, T Menell, R McMahon, M AF Fecko, MA Uyar, MU Amer, PD Sethi, AS Dzik, T Menell, R McMahon, M TI A success story of formal description techniques: Estelle specification and test generation for MIL-STD 188-220 SO COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE conformance resting; test case generation; protocol specification; testing; Estelle; MIL-STD 188-220 ID PROTOCOL; IMPLEMENTATION; SYSTEMS AB This paper presents a success story of specifying a complex real-life protocol (MIL-STD 188-220) in Estelle and generating test sequences from the formal specification. 188-220 is being developed in the US Army, Navy and Marine Corps systems for mobile combat network radios. A key factor in this success story has been the collaboration among the researchers of the University of Delaware and the City College of the City University of New York, the developers of the US Army Communications-Electronics Command (CECOM), and the protocol designers in the Joint Combat Net Radio Working Group. Based on the research results, 188-220 test sequences are realizable without timer interruptions while providing a 200% increase in Lest coverage. The test cases are being installed at a CECOM test facility. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Delaware, Dept Comp & Informat Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA. CUNY City Coll, Dept Elect Engn, New York, NY 10031 USA. USA, CECOM, Ft Monmouth, NJ USA. ARINC Inc, Shrewsbury, NJ USA. RP Fecko, MA (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Comp & Informat Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM fecko@mail.eecis.udel.edu NR 69 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0140-3664 J9 COMPUT COMMUN JI Comput. Commun. PD JUL 1 PY 2000 VL 23 IS 12 BP 1196 EP 1213 DI 10.1016/S0140-3664(99)00246-7 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA 324EU UT WOS:000087609500009 ER PT J AU Larson, SR Jones, TA Hu, ZM McCracken, CL Palazzo, A AF Larson, SR Jones, TA Hu, ZM McCracken, CL Palazzo, A TI Genetic diversity of bluebunch wheatgrass cultivars and a multiple-origin polycross SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID AFLP MARKERS; PLANTS; DIVERGENCE; NUMBER; RAPDS; DNA AB Bluebunch wheatgrass (Pseudoroegneria spicata [Pursh] A. Love = Agropyron spicatum Pursh: Poaceae) is a cross-pollinating perennial grass native to western North America. Two bluebunch wheatgrass cultivars, Goldar and Whitmar, are currently available for large-scale rangeland seeding. However, cultivars may lack the genetic diversity and adaptation necessary for dynamic non-local environments. The objective of this study was to quantify and compare genomic DNA variation within and between Goldar, Whitmar, and Generation 2 of P-7, a multiple-origin polycross (MOPX(2)) of 25 naturally diverse bluebunch wheatgrass collections. Ne assayed 1043 polymorphic amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) products and 88 monomorphic AFLP products from three sample populations of 22 plants. The number of polymorphic loci (and unique alleles) within sample populations of P-7, Goldar, and Whitmar was 898 (99), 813 (49), and 746 (59), respectively. Conversely, the number of fired AFLP loci within sample populations of P-7, Goldar, and Whitmar was 233, 318, and 385, respectively. The overall nucleotide-sequence diversity [pi +/- SE (x1000)] estimated for P-7, Goldar, and Whitmar was 100.2 +/- 7.1, 80.1 +/- 6.6, and 79.4 +/- 6.7, respectively. By all measures, genetic variation within P-7 is significantly higher than genetic variation within cultivars. However, the estimated number of inter-population nucleotide differences per site [d(x) +/- SE (x1000)] between Goldar and Whitmar, e.g., 36.6 +/- 1.6, is only slightly higher than pi within these cultivars, therefore the net nucleotide-sequence divergence [d(A) +/- SE (x 1000)] between these cultivars is relatively small, e.g. 2.5 +/- 0.3. These results indicate that selectively neutral genetic diversity has not been dramatically reduced or inadvertently lost via genetic drift that may ha ve occurred since the divergence of Goldar and Whitmar. No AFLP markers completely distinguish Goldar and Whitmar, therefore discrete morphological differences between these cultivars (e.g., the presence and absence of awns) most likely result from natural or artificial selection. C1 Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. USDOD, ACE, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Larson, SR (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM stlarson@cc.usu.edu OI McCracken, Carrie/0000-0002-8038-9727 NR 37 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 9 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2000 VL 40 IS 4 BP 1142 EP 1147 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 355WB UT WOS:000089410600032 ER PT J AU Schulz-Butulis, BA Gilson, R Farley, M Keeling, JH AF Schulz-Butulis, BA Gilson, R Farley, M Keeling, JH TI Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma SO CUTIS LA English DT Article ID NEVUS SYNDROME; MUTATIONS; GENE; DISEASE; TUMORS; PTCH AB Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS) is a hereditary disorder with a predilection for numerous basal cell carcinomas in addition to odontogenic keratocysts, palmoplantar pitting, and skeletal malformations. NBCCS has been associated with a number of benign and malignant neoplasms. We report the first case of NBCCS in association with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. C1 USAR, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. USAF, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. USA, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. RP Schulz-Butulis, BA (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 29 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 650 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0011-4162 J9 CUTIS JI Cutis PD JUL PY 2000 VL 66 IS 1 BP 35 EP 38 PG 4 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 335JK UT WOS:000088240200007 PM 10916689 ER PT J AU Elston, DM Peters, J Morrison, WB AF Elston, DM Peters, J Morrison, WB TI What is your diagnosis? Nail-patella syndrome (osteo-onychodysplasia) SO CUTIS LA English DT Article ID GLAUCOMA; GENE C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol MCHE DD, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78148 USA. RP Elston, DM (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol MCHE DD, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78148 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 650 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0011-4162 J9 CUTIS JI Cutis PD JUL PY 2000 VL 66 IS 1 BP 71 EP + PG 3 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 335JK UT WOS:000088240200014 PM 10916696 ER PT J AU Erickson, QL Faleski, EJ Koops, MK Elston, DM AF Erickson, QL Faleski, EJ Koops, MK Elston, DM TI Addison's disease: The potentially life-threatening tan SO CUTIS LA English DT Article ID MAJOR AUTOANTIGEN; 21-HYDROXYLASE AB Addison's disease is a potentially life-threatening endocrine disorder, The classic dermatologic sign of Addison's disease is diffuse hyperpigmentation of the skin with focal hyperpigmentation of scars, nails, and the oral mucosa. Recognition of these dermatologic manifestations in a patient with otherwise vague constitutional symptoms warrants a consideration of Addison's disease. C1 USAFRES, MSC, Forest Pk, IL 60103 USA. USAF, MC, Randolph AFB, TX USA. USA, MC, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. USA, MC, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Erickson, QL (reprint author), 648 Elgin, Forest Pk, IL 60130 USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 650 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0011-4162 J9 CUTIS JI Cutis PD JUL PY 2000 VL 66 IS 1 BP 72 EP 74 PG 3 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 335JK UT WOS:000088240200015 PM 10916697 ER PT J AU Elston, DM White, LC AF Elston, DM White, LC TI Treatment of trichostasis spinulosa with a hydroactive adhesive pad SO CUTIS LA English DT Article AB Trichostasis spinulosa is a common skin condition that may be easier to diagnose than to treat. Successful treatment with the use of a hydroactive adhesive "deep cleaning" pad (Biore(R)) is discussed. C1 USA, MC, Lackland AFB, TX USA. USAF, MC, Okinawa, Japan. RP Elston, DM (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dermatol MMID, 2200 Bergqyust Dr,Suite 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 6 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 650 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0011-4162 J9 CUTIS JI Cutis PD JUL PY 2000 VL 66 IS 1 BP 77 EP 78 PG 2 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 335JK UT WOS:000088240200016 PM 10916698 ER PT J AU Thompson, GA AF Thompson, GA TI Influence of relative layer height and testing method on the failure mode and origin in a bilayered dental ceramic composite SO DENTAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE ceramic; failure origin; fractography; in-ceram; flexure test; laminate; biaxial test; dental materials; failure mode; prosthodontics AB Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of testing method (uniaxial and biaxial) and relative layer heights on the failure origin and failure mode of bilayered ceramic composite beams and disks composed of In-Ceram and Vitadur Alpha porcelain. Methods: Beams and disks were fabricated, with relative layer heights of 1:2, 1:1, and 2:1, respectively, for In-Ceram and Vitadur Alpha porcelain. Ninety specimens each (thirty 1:2, thirty 1:1, and thirty 2:1) were tested in 3-point, 4-point-1/4-point, and biaxial ring-on-ring testing apparatuses. Fractography was used to categorize failure origins as either surface or interfacial, and failure modes as delamination or nondelamination. Results: Surface and interfacial failure origins were observed in 3-point and biaxial disk test specimens, but not 4-point-1/4-point specimens where only surface failures occurred. None of the "clinically similar" specimens (1:2) failed at the interface. All testing methods resulted in delamination of Vitadur Alpha from the In-Ceram, while only 3-point and biaxial disk testing methods resulted in crack propagation through the composite interface without delamination. Significance: Varying relative layer heights or varying testing method in laminate composite tensile specimens can affect failure mode and failure origin. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Alabama, Sch Dent, Dept Dent Biomat, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RP Thompson, GA (reprint author), USA, Dent Res Detachment, 310B B St,Bldg 1-H, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. NR 20 TC 60 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0109-5641 J9 DENT MATER JI Dent. Mater. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 16 IS 4 BP 235 EP 243 DI 10.1016/S0109-5641(00)00005-1 PG 9 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science GA 321RD UT WOS:000087467700001 PM 10831777 ER PT J AU Vandre, RH Pajak, JC Abdel-Nabi, H Farman, TT Farman, AG AF Vandre, RH Pajak, JC Abdel-Nabi, H Farman, TT Farman, AG TI Comparison of observer performance in determining the position of endodontic files with physical measures in the evaluation of dental X-ray imaging systems SO DENTOMAXILLOFACIAL RADIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE digital radiography, dental; endodontics; technology, radiologic; perception ID RADIOGRAPHIC SYSTEMS; RADIOVISIOGRAPHY AB Objective: To examine the feasibility of substituting observers determining the accuracy of endodontic measurements for measurements of physical qualities in comparison of digital imaging systems. Methods: Sensors from six digital imaging systems were compared for signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), modulation transfer function (MTF) and detective quantum efficiency (DQE). A total of 45 canals in teeth from human cadavers were instrumented to their apical foramina. Endodontic files, ranging in size from size 8 to size 20, were glued in place at random distances from the apical foramina spanning a range of +/-3 mm. The teeth were imaged with the six digital systems and dental X-ray film. Fifteen dentists independently measured the distance from the end of the file to the epical foramen. Results were expressed as the measurement error. Measurement error was compared to SNR, MTF and DQE for each digital system. Results: CDR (Schick. New York, NY, USA), Digora (Sordex, Helsinki, Finland) and Dexis (Provision Dental Systems, Pale Alto, CA, USA) produced the highest SNR values followed closely by RVG-4 (Trophy, Croissy-Beavborg, France). Sens-A-Ray (Dent-X/Regam Medical Systems, Sundsvall, Sweden), Dexis and the RVG-4 produced the best MTF results. Dexis had the greatest DQE. The mean measurement errors tin mm) were: Film 0.65, Dexis 0.69, CDR 0.71. RVG-3 0.74, Digora 0.89, Sens-A-Ray 0.97, and Visualix-2 (Gendex, Monza, Italy) 0.98. Conclusions: Digital systems closely approximate film in their accuracy when used for endodontic measurement providing that the assessment instruments have similar resolving power. DQE was the best physical predictor of system accuracy when compared with endodontic length measurements. MTF and SNR alone did not accurately predict observer precision. C1 USA, Med Res & Mat Command, MCMR, PLB, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Vandre, RH (reprint author), USA, Med Res & Mat Command, MCMR, PLB, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 11 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRITISH INST RADIOLOGY PI LONDON PA 36 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON W1N 4AT, ENGLAND SN 0250-832X J9 DENTOMAXILLOFAC RAD JI Dentomaxillofac. Radiol. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 29 IS 4 BP 216 EP 222 DI 10.1038/sj.dmfr.4600533 PG 7 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 340AE UT WOS:000088509800004 PM 10918454 ER PT J AU McNeill, KM Benton, FR Monteith, SC Tuchscherer, MA Gaydos, JC AF McNeill, KM Benton, FR Monteith, SC Tuchscherer, MA Gaydos, JC TI Epidemic spread of adenovirus type 4-associated acute respiratory disease between US army installations SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article AB A large outbreak of adenovirus type 4-associated acute respiratory disease (ARD) occurred at Fort jackson, South Carolina, in 1997. A laboratory-based ARD surveillance program was initiated at Fort Gordon, Georgia, where advanced individual training was heavily populated with Fort Jackson soldiers. Adenovirus type 4 was isolated from 50% of 147 trainees hospitalized with ARD. Most (88%) introduced cases were in trainees from Fort Jackson. C1 S Carolina Dept Hlth & Environm Control, Catawba Hlth Dist, Lancaster, SC 29721 USA. Dwight David Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Ft Gordon, GA USA. US Dept Def, Global Emerging Infect Surveillance & Response Sy, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP McNeill, KM (reprint author), S Carolina Dept Hlth & Environm Control, Catawba Hlth Dist, POB 817, Lancaster, SC 29721 USA. NR 10 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL-AUG PY 2000 VL 6 IS 4 BP 415 EP 419 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 342TH UT WOS:000088660900019 PM 10905981 ER PT J AU Hearns-Stokes, RM Miller, BT Scott, L Creuss, D Chakraborty, PK Segars, JH AF Hearns-Stokes, RM Miller, BT Scott, L Creuss, D Chakraborty, PK Segars, JH TI Pregnancy rates after embryo transfer depend on the provider at embryo transfer SO FERTILITY AND STERILITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 55th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Reproductive-Medicine CY SEP 15-30, 1999 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP Amer Soc Reproductive Med DE embryo transfer; technique; IVF-ET; pregnancy rate; physician ID IN-VITRO FERTILIZATION; INVITRO FERTILIZATION; TRANSFER CATHETER; MULTIPLE ATTEMPTS; LUTEAL-PHASE; IVF; DIFFICULT; PROGRAM; CHOICE AB Objective: To evaluate the effect of individual providers on pregnancy outcome after embryo transfer. Design: Retrospective data analysis. Setting: University-based tertiary-care assisted reproductive technology program with 10 physician-providers. Patient(s): Six hundred and seventeen women who underwent 854 fresh embryo transfers between January 1996 and January 1999. Intervention(s): Pregnancies after embryo transfer were recorded for each provider. Main Outcome Measure(s): Establishment of a clinical pregnancy. Result(s): Three hundred ninety-three clinical pregnancies resulted from 854 embryo transfers, for an overall clinical pregnancy rate of 46.0% per embryo transfer. Three hundred forty-seven (40.6%) pregnancies were ongoing. The clinical pregnancy rate varied Significantly between providers: for example, 17.0% (47 transfers) vs. 54.3% (57 transfers) (P<.05). Similarly, the ratio of high-grade embryos required to produce a gestational sac differed between providers. The number or quality of embryos transferred did not differ significantly. Conclusion(s): Significant differences were observed in pregnancy rates after embryo transfer done by different providers, suggesting that embryo transfer technique may influence pregnancy outcome in assisted reproductive technology. (Fertil Steril(R) 2000;74:80-6. (C) 2000 by American Society for Reproductive Medicine). C1 NICHHD, Pediat & Reprod Endocrine Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Assisted Reprod Technol Program, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Segars, JH (reprint author), NICHHD, Pediat & Reprod Endocrine Branch, NIH, Suite 800,6705 Rockledge Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 30 TC 80 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0015-0282 J9 FERTIL STERIL JI Fertil. Steril. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 74 IS 1 BP 80 EP 86 DI 10.1016/S0015-0282(00)00582-3 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 330RP UT WOS:000087975200014 PM 10899501 ER PT J AU Akinfiev, NN Mironenko, MV Dunaeva, AN Grant, SA AF Akinfiev, NN Mironenko, MV Dunaeva, AN Grant, SA TI Thermodynamic properties of NaCl solutions at temperatures lower than 0 degrees C SO GEOCHEMISTRY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID SODIUM-CHLORIDE SOLUTIONS; VOLUMETRIC PROPERTIES; WATER; ELECTROLYTES; EQUATIONS; SYSTEM AB The limiting values of NaCl(aq) heat capacity, c(p,2)(0), at temperatures from 0 to -25 degrees C and volume, V-2(0), from 0 to -15 degrees C, were obtained by the mathematical processing of experimental determinations of heat capacity and density of sodium chloride solutions at temperatures lower than 0 degrees C. Proceeding from these results, the parameters of the Helgeson-Kirkham-Flowers (HKF) equation of state were refined for the species Na+. The Gibbs free energies of Na+ and Cl- calculated by the HKF equation together with the modified approximations of Fitter's parameters for calculation of activity coefficients allowed numerical reproduction of the experimental NaCl-H2O phase diagram. This proves the validity of the HKF model for the extrapolation of the limiting thermodynamic properties of aqueous species into low temperatures. The thermodynamic parameters of Na+ and Cl- derived in this work; enable precise thermodynamic calculations in the system NaCl-H2O at temperatures from 100 to -30 degrees C and a wide range of electrolyte concentration. C1 MGRA, Moscow 117873, Russia. Russian Acad Sci, VI Vernadskii Inst Geochem & Analyt Chem, Moscow 117975, Russia. Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Akinfiev, NN (reprint author), MGRA, Ul Miklukho Maklaya 23, Moscow 117873, Russia. OI Akinfiev, Nikolay/0000-0001-6049-3159 NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 9 PU INTERPERIODICA PI BIRMINGHAM PA PO BOX 1831, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35201-1831 USA SN 0016-7029 J9 GEOCHEM INT+ JI Geochem. Int. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 38 IS 7 BP 689 EP 697 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 341NV UT WOS:000088597200005 ER PT J AU Saini, SS Hu, Y Johnson, FG Stone, DR Shen, H Zhou, W Pamulapati, J Ott, MN Shaw, HC Dagenais, M AF Saini, SS Hu, Y Johnson, FG Stone, DR Shen, H Zhou, W Pamulapati, J Ott, MN Shaw, HC Dagenais, M TI Lossless 1x2 optical switch monolithically integrated on a passive active resonant coupler (PARC) platform SO IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE lossless splitters; monolithic integration; optical switch; photonic integrated circuits; resonant couplers; semiconductor optical amplifiers; splitters; twin waveguides ID WAVE-GUIDES; CIRCUITS; LASERS AB In this letter, we demonstrate a lossless 1 x 2 optical switch utilizing resonant vertical coupling between an active and a passive waveguide, Optical power is coupled into the passive waveguide and split into two ports using a 3-dB Y-junction splitter. The mode is then coupled up to a 1-mm-long active waveguide where gain is provided. A 100-mu m-long taper is utilized in each arm for coupling the mode from the passive to the active waveguide, Internal gain greater than 22 dB is obtained in each arm of the integrated splitter. High yield and good uniformity of devices are obtained over multiple processing runs. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Lab Phys Sci, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Saini, SS (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1041-1135 J9 IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L JI IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 12 IS 7 BP 840 EP 842 DI 10.1109/68.853518 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 339YQ UT WOS:000088505800028 ER PT J AU Friessnegg, T Aggarwal, S Nielsen, B Ramesh, R Keeble, DJ Poindexter, EH AF Friessnegg, T Aggarwal, S Nielsen, B Ramesh, R Keeble, DJ Poindexter, EH TI A study of vacancy-related defects in (Pb,La)(Zr,Ti)O-3 thin films using positron annihilation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS FERROELECTRICS AND FREQUENCY CONTROL LA English DT Article ID HETEROSTRUCTURES; CAPACITORS; GROWTH; PAIRS AB The formation of vacancy-type defects in La-doped lead zirconate titanate (PLZT) thin films (Zr/Ti=20/80) was studied as a function of lanthanum doping and after cooling in an oxygen-reduced ambient. The changes in the Doppler-broadening S parameter are consistent with the progressive introduction of Ph-vacancies upon La-doping. Cooling of PLZT thin films with 0 and 10% La doping in 10(-5) Torr oxygen partial pressure after growth exhibits an increase in the density of vacancy-type defects compared to films cooled in 760 Torr. It is proposed that the defects formed are likely cation-oxygen vacancy complexes. C1 Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11793 USA. Univ Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Friessnegg, T (reprint author), Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Nielsen, Bent/B-7353-2009; Keeble, David /C-6633-2012 OI Nielsen, Bent/0000-0001-7016-0040; Keeble, David /0000-0002-5378-799X NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0885-3010 J9 IEEE T ULTRASON FERR JI IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control PD JUL PY 2000 VL 47 IS 4 BP 916 EP 920 DI 10.1109/58.852074 PG 5 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA 334FK UT WOS:000088175800019 PM 18238625 ER PT J AU Lemons-Estes, FM Capt, HP Skelton, H Smith, KJ AF Lemons-Estes, FM Capt, HP Skelton, H Smith, KJ TI A clonal cutaneous CD30+lymphoproliferative eruption in a patient with evidence of past exposure to hepatitis E SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CD30-POSITIVE LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDERS; EPSTEIN-BARR-VIRUS; T-CELL PHENOTYPE; LYMPHOMATOID PAPULOSIS; GENE REARRANGEMENT; EXPRESSION; LYMPHOCYTES AB The patient was a 52-year-old white man who had worked in remote areas of the world during the past 2 years, including an extended period in rural areas of Central Africa and in Central and South America. He had no acute illnesses during the 2-year period except for rare, mild, upper respiratory tract infections. For approximately 1 year, however, he had developed recurrent, papular-vesicular, slightly painful lesions on the fingers and palms, that spontaneously healed over weeks to months (Fig. 1). The patient had no other concurrent illnesses and no abnormal laboratory findings, except for positive enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA) for immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies for hepatitis E virus (HEV) using a recombinant expressed HEV antigen (Genelabs Technologies, Inc., San Antonio). Prolonged treatment with minocycline did not appear to moderate the lesions. At approximately 2.5 years after the development of his first cutaneous lesion, however, the patient reported that he had had no new lesions for over 3 months. A biopsy specimen showed an intraepidermal vesicle with prominent epidermal necrosis and reticular degeneration (Fig. 2). Within the epidermis, there was a dense infiltrate of lymphoid cells. The majority of these cells were pleomorphic with prominent nucleoli and frequent mitotic figures (Fig. 3). Sheets of atypical cells were found in the subjacent dermis. The infiltrate extended down into the reticular dermis. With extension into the dermis, the infiltrate became more polymorphous with more small lymphoid cells, large numbers of eosinophils, and some plasma cells located more deeply. Immunohistochemical stains for CD3 (DAKO), CD4 (Becton Dickinson), CD8 (Becton Dickinson), CD15 (LeuM1, Becton Dickinson), CD20 (L-26, DAKO), CD30 (Ber-H2, DAKO), CD45RO (UCHL1, DAKO), S-100 protein (DAKO), T-cell intracellular antigen (TIA) (Coulter), epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) (DAKO), KP-1 (CD68, DAKO), MAC-387 (DAKO), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latent membrane antigen-1 (LMP-1, DAKO), and EBV-encoded nuclear antigen 2 (EBNA2, DAKO) were performed on formalin-fixed tissue using the ABC method with DABA as the chromagen. CD3 showed diffuse membrane staining of the large atypical lymphoid cells, as well as the majority of the small lymphoid cells (Fig. 4). CD4 showed positive membrane staining of the large atypical lymphoid cells and the majority of the small lymphoid cells. CD8 showed only scattered light membrane staining of small lymphoid cells. CD15 was negative, and CD20 showed foci of groups of small lymphoid cells mainly within the reticular dermis. CD30 showed positive membrane and paranuclear staining of the targe atypical cells, most abundant within the epidermis and papillary dermis (Fig. 5). CD45RO showed positive membrane staining of the large atypical cells and the majority of the small lymphoid cells. S-100 protein showed increased dendritic cells within the surrounding viable epidermis and the subjacent papillary dermis (Fig. 6). TIA showed granular staining in the large atypical lymphoid cells and only rare staining in small lymphoid cells (Fig. 7). EMA staining was essentially negative. KP-1 showed only scattered positive cells mainly in the lower papillary and the reticular dermis. MAC-387 showed membrane staining in the viable epidermis (Fig. 8). LMP-1 and EBNA2 for EBV were negative within the lymphoid cells as well as within the overlying epidermis. Gene rearrangement studies showed a beta-T-cell receptor gene rearrangement. The monoclonal band was detected with VJ1, VJ2, and D1J2 primer sets. The T-cell receptor beta rearrangement assay has a sensitivity of 61% and a specificity of 94% for the detection of a monoclonal rearrangement in T-cell lymphomas for which amplifiable DNA can be recovered. Electron microscopy was performed on formalin-fixed material, positive-fixed with 2.5% phosphate-buffered glutaraldehyde and further with 1% osmium tetroxide by standard techniques. Intracellular, 50-60-nm, cytoplasmic, spherical, viral-like particles were identified (Fig. 9). C1 Natl Naval Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Bethesda, MD 20089 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Infect Dis, Washington, DC 20306 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Lab Corp Amer, Herndon, VA USA. RP Skelton, H (reprint author), Natl Naval Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Bethesda, MD 20089 USA. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0011-9059 J9 INT J DERMATOL JI Int. J. Dermatol. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 39 IS 7 BP 521 EP 527 DI 10.1046/j.1365-4362.2000.00986.x PG 7 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 342FT UT WOS:000088635100010 PM 10940117 ER PT J AU Sajan, M Reddy, G Kulkarni, AP AF Sajan, M Reddy, G Kulkarni, AP TI In vitro inhibition of mammalian glutathione transferases by selected nitrobenzenes SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 01-05, 1998 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON SP Soc Toxicol DE 1,3-dinitrobenzene; in vitro inhibition; mammalian glutathione transferases; nitrobenzenes; 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene ID S-TRANSFERASE; FISCHER-344 RATS; 1,3,5-TRINITROBENZENE TNB; MEISENHEIMER COMPLEX; ETHACRYNIC-ACID; ACTIVE-SITE; TOXICITY; BIOACTIVATION; METABOLISM; MECHANISM AB Five structurally related nitrobenzenes (1,2-dinitrobenzene, 1,3-dinitrobenzene, 1,4-dinitrobenzene 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene, and picric acid) and Meiscnheimer complex [1-(S-glutathionyl)-2,4,6-trinitrocyclohexadienate] were evaluated as possible inhibitors of affinity purified mammalian glutathione transferases (GSTs) isolated from human liver or human term placenta and rat liver. The results suggest that the degree of GST inhibition depends upon both the chemical in question and the enzyme source. Among the nitrobenzenes tested, 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene (TNB) was found to be the most potent inhibitor of GST activity toward 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) from all the sources, whereas 1,3-dinitrobenzene (1,3-DNB) was the least effective, TNB-caused inhibition of GST activity toward CDNB appeared to be isozyme specific in that compared to the enzyme from human term placenta (GSTP-1), the degree of inhibition of the mixture of GST isozymes present In the livers of adult rats and humans was low: The enzyme assays conducted with 3,4-dichloro-1-nitrobenzene (DCNB), ethacrynic acid (EA), and 4-nitropyridine N-oxide also suggested the isozyme-specific inhibition of rat liver GST activity by TNB. The nature of TNB-caused inhibition of GSTP1-1 was competitive with respect to CDNB and yielded a K-i value of 12.5 mu M. With EA, a specific substrate for GSTP1-1, tin IC50 value of similar to 16 mu M was estimated for the GSTP1-1 inhibition by TNB. The Meisenheimer complex, the product of nonenzymatic GSH conjugation with TNB by different GSTs, was found to be the most potent inhibitor of mammalian GSTs, and IC50 values ranged between 1 and 4 mu M when the enzyme activity was assayed using CDNB, The nature of GSTP1-1 inhibition was noncompetitive with respect to CDNB, with a Ki value of 1 mu M for Meisenheimer complex. Although a precise mechanism was not identified, it is postulated that GSH depletion and/or GST inhibition may contribute, at least partly, to the target organ toxicity caused by exposures of animals to different nitrobenzenes reported in the literature. C1 Univ S Florida, Coll Publ Hlth, Florida Toxicol Res Ctr, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Kulkarni, AP (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Coll Publ Hlth, Florida Toxicol Res Ctr, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, MDC-56,13201 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. NR 49 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND SN 1091-5818 J9 INT J TOXICOL JI Int. J. Toxicol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2000 VL 19 IS 4 BP 285 EP 292 PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 352YB UT WOS:000089246000007 ER PT J AU Blank, SJ AF Blank, SJ TI The strategic context of Russo-Chinese relations SO ISSUES & STUDIES LA English DT Review DE Russia; China; United States; foreign policies; defense policies ID ASIA AB The prevailing view in the United States and the West is that there is little reason for undue concern over the recent Russo-Chinese rapprochement. The two states, for all their collaboration, are seen as too weak, overly economically dependent on the United States, and too historically burdened by past discord to form an effective coalition or anti-American bloc. indeed formal American policy officially has welcomed this rapprochement. This optimistic view is based on several fundamental premises of American thinking about international affairs in general and the relationship between these two states and Washington in particular The task of this essay is therefore to raise criticisms of this complacent assessment of Sino-Russian relations and to highlight the erroneous axioms and assumptions behind this thinking. C1 USA, War Coll, Carlisle, PA USA. RP Blank, SJ (reprint author), USA, War Coll, Carlisle, PA USA. NR 138 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU INST INTERNAT RELATIONS PI MUCHA PA 64 WAN SHOU ROAD, MUCHA, TAIPEI, TAIWAN SN 1013-2511 J9 ISSUES STUD JI Issues Stud. PD JUL-AUG PY 2000 VL 36 IS 4 BP 66 EP 94 PG 29 WC Area Studies; International Relations; Political Science SC Area Studies; International Relations; Government & Law GA 351NN UT WOS:000089165200003 ER PT J AU Schroeder, JA Chung, WWY Hess, RA AF Schroeder, JA Chung, WWY Hess, RA TI Evaluation of a motion fidelity criterion with visual scene changes SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article ID PERCEIVED VELOCITY; PERCEPTION; SPEED AB An experiment examined how visual scene and platform motion variations affected a pilot's ability to perform altitude changes. pilots controlled a helicopter model in the vertical asis and moved between two points 32-ft apart in a specified time. Four hf tors were varied: visual-scene spatial frequency, visual-scene background, motion-filter gain, and motion-filter natural frequency. Drawing alternating black and white stripes of varying widths between the two extreme altitude points varied visual-scene spatial frequency. The visual-scene background varied by either drawing the stripes to fill the entire field of view or by placing the stripes on a narrow pole with a natural sky and ground plane behind the pole. Both the motion-filter gain and natural frequency were varied in the motion platform command software. Five pilots evaluated all combinations of the visual and motion variations. The results showed that only the motion-filter natural frequency and visual-scene background affected pilot performance and their subjective ratings. No significant effects of spatial frequency or motion system gain were found For the values examined in this tracking task. A previous motion fidelity criterion was found to still be a reasonable predictor of motion fidelity. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Flight Control & Cockpit Integrat Branch, Rotorcraft Div,USA, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Logicon Informat Syst & Serv, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Schroeder, JA (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Flight Control & Cockpit Integrat Branch, Rotorcraft Div,USA, M-S 210-5, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD JUL-AUG PY 2000 VL 37 IS 4 BP 580 EP 587 DI 10.2514/2.2669 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 341LC UT WOS:000088591000005 PM 11543542 ER PT J AU Joshi, RP Neudeck, PG Fazi, C AF Joshi, RP Neudeck, PG Fazi, C TI Analysis of the temperature dependent thermal conductivity of silicon carbide for high temperature applications SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TECHNOLOGY; MICROPIPE; DEVICES; DEFECTS; DIODES AB The temperature dependent thermal conductivity of silicon carbide has been calculated taking into account the various phonon scattering mechanisms. The results compared very well with available experimental data. The inclusion of four-phonon processes is shown to be necessary for obtaining a good match. Several important phonon scattering parameters have been extracted in this study. Dislocations are shown to have a strong effect at 300 K, but not as much at the higher temperatures. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(00)08513-3]. C1 Old Dominion Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Joshi, RP (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. NR 44 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 4 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 1 PY 2000 VL 88 IS 1 BP 265 EP 269 DI 10.1063/1.373651 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 325YE UT WOS:000087704000040 ER PT J AU O'Brien, C Young, AJ Lee, DT Shitzer, A Sawka, MN Pandolf, KB AF O'Brien, C Young, AJ Lee, DT Shitzer, A Sawka, MN Pandolf, KB TI Role of core temperature as a stimulus for cold acclimation during repeated immersion in 20 degrees C water SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE insulation; norepinephrine; cold-induced vasodilation ID RESPONSES; MEN; ADAPTATION; EXERCISE; DIVERS; HUMANS; WOMEN; AIR AB The relative importance of skin vs. core temperature for stimulating cold acclimation (CA) was examined by 5 wk of daily 1-h water immersions (20 degrees C) in resting (RG) and exercising (EG) subjects. Rectal temperature fell (0.8 degrees C; P < 0.05) during immersion only in RG. Skin temperature fell (P < 0.05) similarly in both groups. Physiological responses during cold-air exposure (90 min, 5 degrees C) were assessed before and after CA. Body temperatures and metabolic heat production were similar in both groups with no change due to CA. Cardiac output was lower (P < 0.05) in both groups post-CA (10.4 +/- 1.2 l/min) than pre-CA (12.2 +/- 1.0 l/min), but mean arterial pressure was unchanged (pre-CA 107 +/- 2 mmHg, post-CA 101 +/- 2 mmHg). The increase in norepinephrine was greater (P < 0.05) post-CA (954 +/- 358 pg/ml) compared with pre-CA (1,577 +/- 716 pg/ml) for RG, but CA had no effect on the increase in norepinephrine for EG (pre-CA 1,288 +/- 438 pg/ml, post-CA 1,074 +/- 279 pg/ml). Skin temperature reduction alone may be a sufficient stimulus during CA for increased vasoconstrictor response, but core temperature reduction appears necessary to enhance sympathetic activation during cold exposure. C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Thermal & Mt Med Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Korean Sport Sci Inst, Seoul 110030, South Korea. Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Mech Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. RP O'Brien, C (reprint author), USARIEM, TMD, Kansas St, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 26 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 4 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 8750-7587 J9 J APPL PHYSIOL JI J. Appl. Physiol. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 89 IS 1 BP 242 EP 250 PG 9 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA 335EK UT WOS:000088230400031 PM 10904058 ER PT J AU Cofrancesco, AF AF Cofrancesco, AF TI Factors to consider when using native biological control organisms to manage exotic plants SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Aquatic-Plant-Management-Society CY JUL 12-15, 1998 CL MEMPHIS, TENNESSEE SP Aquat Plant Management Soc DE non-indigenous plants; insect; native; augmentative release ID CURCULIONIDAE; COLEOPTERA; WEEVILS AB Biological control of exotic plant populations with native organisms appears to be increasing, even though its success to date has been limited. Although many researchers and managers feel that native organisms are easier to use and present less risk to the environment this may not be true. Developing a successful management program with a native insect is dependent on a number of critical factors that need to be considered. Information is needed on the feeding preference of the agent, agent effectiveness, environmental regulation of the agent, unique requirements of the agent, population maintenance of the agent, and time to desired impact. By understanding these factors, researchers and managers can develop a detailed protocol for using the native biological control agent for a specific target plant. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Cofrancesco, AF (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, ATTN CEERD ER A,3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC PI LEHIGH ACRES PA PO BOX 1477, LEHIGH ACRES, FL 33970 USA SN 0146-6623 J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 38 SI SI BP 117 EP 120 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 444TH UT WOS:000169415800008 ER PT J AU Madsen, JD Crosson, HA Hamel, KS Hilovsky, MA Welling, CH AF Madsen, JD Crosson, HA Hamel, KS Hilovsky, MA Welling, CH TI Panel discussion - Management of Eurasian watermilfoil in the United States using native insects: State regulatory and management issues SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Aquatic-Plant-Management-Society CY JUL 12-15, 1998 CL MEMPHIS, TENNESSEE SP Aquat Plant Management Soc DE Myriophyllum spicatum; Euhrychiopsis lecontei; biological control; policy; permit; regulation ID LAKES AB While researchers have evaluated the potential of native insect herbivores to manage nonindigenous aquatic plant species such as Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum L.), the practical matters of regulatory compliance and implementation have been neglected. A panel of aquatic nuisance species program managers from three state natural resource management agencies (Minnesota, Vermont and Washington) discussed their regulatory and policy concerns. In addition, one ecological consultant attempting to market one of the native insects to manage Eurasian watermilfoil added his perspective on the special challenges of distributing a native biological control agent for management of Eurasian watermilfoil. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, CEERD ES P, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Vermont Dept Environm Conservat, Water Qual Div, Waterbury, VT 05671 USA. Washington State Dept Ecol, Water Qual Program, Olympia, WA 98504 USA. EnviroSci Inc, Stow, OH 44224 USA. Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, St Paul, MN 55155 USA. RP Madsen, JD (reprint author), Minnesota State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, S242 Trafton Sci Ctr, Mankato, MN 56001 USA. NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC PI LEHIGH ACRES PA PO BOX 1477, LEHIGH ACRES, FL 33970 USA SN 0146-6623 J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 38 SI SI BP 121 EP 124 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 444TH UT WOS:000169415800009 ER PT J AU McGrath, KP Butler, MM DiGirolamo, CM Kaplan, DL Petka, WA Laue, TM AF McGrath, KP Butler, MM DiGirolamo, CM Kaplan, DL Petka, WA Laue, TM TI Electrostatic interactions in leucine zippers: Effects on stability and specificity of interaction SO JOURNAL OF BIOACTIVE AND COMPATIBLE POLYMERS LA English DT Article ID HELICAL COILED-COILS; AMINO-ACIDS; PROTEINS; DESIGN; MODEL; DNA; HETERODIMER; RESIDUES; FOS; JUN AB Using a set of natural coiled-coil proteins as models, a series of recombinant proteins were designed and expressed in E. coli. These proteins contain a consensus coiled-coil sequence as a framework into which were incorporated positively or negatively charged residues at selected positions. A mixed-site genetic strategy was used to generate DNA fragments encoding over 4,000 different combinations of charged residues within the coiled-coil motif. A subset of these genes was used to produce recombinant coiled-coil proteins with well-defined variations in charge pattern and composition. Variants of each sequence containing a unique cysteine at the C-terminus were oxidized to the disulfide-linked dimer, and characterization of their physical properties support the proposed parallel orientation of protein chains. In all cases, equilibrium populations of dimeric and tetrameric structures were observed under physiological conditions, with dimer-to-tetramer dissociation constants in the range of 50-190 mu M Significant differences in complex stability were seen with different charge patterns. Contrary to expectations, no linear relationship was observed between net ionic interaction and any measure of complex stability, arguing that a more subtle set of rules governs these interactions. This work has revealed two important aspects of coiled-coil interactions: the observed relationship between charge interactions and complex stability shows considerable nonlinearity, and the presence of higher order interactions in coiled-coil motifs may be more widespread than is currently suspected. The relationships described here have broad relevance, especially in the areas of protein folding, protein-based materials design, antibody-antigen and receptor-ligand interactions, and rational drug design. C1 USA, Natick Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Sci & Technol Directorate, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Dept Biochem, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Butler, MM (reprint author), Microbiotix Inc, 1 Innovat Dr, Worcester, MA 01605 USA. NR 44 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU TECHNOMIC PUBL CO INC PI LANCASTER PA 851 NEW HOLLAND AVE, BOX 3535, LANCASTER, PA 17604 USA SN 0883-9115 J9 J BIOACT COMPAT POL JI J. Bioact. Compat. Polym. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 15 IS 4 BP 334 EP 356 DI 10.1106/3DMA-HCUV-BQD8-UN1P PG 23 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Materials Science, Biomaterials; Polymer Science SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 335FT UT WOS:000088233900005 ER PT J AU Li, G Zwick, H Stuck, B Lund, DJ AF Li, G Zwick, H Stuck, B Lund, DJ TI On the use of schematic eye models to estimate retinal image quality SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS LA English DT Article DE vertebrate eye; retinal image; schematic eye; resolution ID MODULATION TRANSFER-FUNCTION; OCULAR COMPONENT DIMENSIONS; LIVING HUMAN EYE; TUPAIA-BELANGERI; VISUAL-ACUITY; VERTEBRATE; DAMAGE; PUPIL AB The optical performance of the eyes of nine vertebrate species was evaluated using optical system design techniques and schematic eye models. Essential features of eyes, including the modulation transfer function (MTF) and the MTF cutoff frequency are related to the numerical aperture of the eyes. Superior resolution for in vivo imaging of photoreceptors may be achieved by dilating the iris pupil of an eye, minimizing coherence, and using short wavelength illumination. The difference of lateral and axial resolution between a small and a large eye for imaging photoreceptors in vivo. (C) 2000 society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. [S1083-3668(00)01003-0]. C1 USA, Med Res Detachment, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP USA, Med Res Detachment, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. EM liguo@aol.com NR 36 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1083-3668 EI 1560-2281 J9 J BIOMED OPT JI J. Biomed. Opt. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 5 IS 3 BP 307 EP 314 DI 10.1117/1.430001 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 343NE UT WOS:000088707800009 PM 10958617 ER PT J AU He, JK Binn, LN Tsarev, SA Hayes, CG Frean, JA Isaacson, M Innis, BL AF He, JK Binn, LN Tsarev, SA Hayes, CG Frean, JA Isaacson, M Innis, BL TI Molecular characterization of a hepatitis E virus isolate from Namibia SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE hepatitis E virus; Namibia; genomic variation ID PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; GENE STRUCTURE; SEQUENCE; HEV; STRAINS; OUTBREAK; CLONING; INFECTION; BURMESE; REGIONS AB Hepatitis E virus (HEV) causes sporadic and epidemic acute viral hepatitis in many developing countries. In Africa, hepatitis E has been documented by virus detection (reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, RT-PCR) in Egypt, Chad, Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia. Cases of presumptive hepatitis E also have been documented by detection of antibody to HEV in the Sudan, Kenya, Ethiopia, Somalia, Djibouti and South Africa. Recently, we reported the recovery of 9 isolates of HEV from feces collected during an outbreak of jaundice in Namibia, These specimens were stored frozen for many years at the South African Institute for Medical Research awaiting new methods to determine the etiology of jaundice. HEV genomic sequences were detected by antigen-capture RT-PCR with primers that amplified 2 independent regions of the HEV genome (ORF-2 and ORF-3). To further characterize the HEV 83-Namibia isolates, we determined the nucleotide (nt) sequence of the 3' end of the capsid gene (296 of 1,980 nt in ORF-2) and ORF-3 for 1 isolate. The capsid gene sequence shared 86% identity with the prototype Burma strain and up to 96% identity with other African strains at the (nt) level, and 99% identity with Burma or other Africa strains at the amino acid level. A 188 (nt) fragment amplified from ORF-3 was also highly homologous to other HEV but was too short for meaningful comparison. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that HEV 83-Namibia is closely related to other African isolates, and differs from Burmese, Mexican and Chinese HEV. These data link the HEV causing the 1983 Namibia outbreak to more recent HEV transmission in northern and sub-Saharan Africa, suggesting this subgenotype of HEV is firmly established throughout the continent. Copyright (C) 2000 National Science Council, ROC and S. Karger AG. Basel. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Virus Dis, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Infect Dis Directorate, Silver Spring, MD 20903 USA. S Africa Inst Med Res, Johannesburg, South Africa. Univ Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. RP He, JK (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Virus Dis, Bldg 503,Forney Dr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 32 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 1 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1021-7770 J9 J BIOMED SCI JI J. Biomed. Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 2000 VL 7 IS 4 BP 334 EP 338 DI 10.1007/BF02253253 PG 5 WC Cell Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Cell Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 336FY UT WOS:000088292300008 PM 10895057 ER PT J AU Walker, SC AF Walker, SC TI Appropriate discard volumes when drawing arterial blood for hematocrit determination SO JOURNAL OF BURN CARE & REHABILITATION LA English DT Letter C1 USA, Inst Surg Res, Dept Army, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Walker, SC (reprint author), USA, Inst Surg Res, Dept Army, 3400 Rawley E Chambers Ave,Bldg 3611, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0273-8481 J9 J BURN CARE REHABIL JI J. Burn Care Rehabil. PD JUL-AUG PY 2000 VL 21 IS 4 BP 393 EP 393 PG 1 WC Emergency Medicine; Rehabilitation; Surgery SC Emergency Medicine; Rehabilitation; Surgery GA 338LW UT WOS:000088422200023 PM 10935825 ER PT J AU Jordan, BS AF Jordan, BS TI Appropriate discard volumes when drawing arterial blood for hematocrit determination SO JOURNAL OF BURN CARE & REHABILITATION LA English DT Letter C1 USA, Human Use Comm, Dept Army, Inst Surg Res, Washington, DC USA. RP Jordan, BS (reprint author), USA, Human Use Comm, Dept Army, Inst Surg Res, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0273-8481 J9 J BURN CARE REHABIL JI J. Burn Care Rehabil. PD JUL-AUG PY 2000 VL 21 IS 4 BP 394 EP 394 PG 1 WC Emergency Medicine; Rehabilitation; Surgery SC Emergency Medicine; Rehabilitation; Surgery GA 338LW UT WOS:000088422200024 PM 10935826 ER PT J AU Tsokos, GC Nepom, GT AF Tsokos, GC Nepom, GT TI Gene therapy in the treatment of autoimmune diseases SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID NONOBESE DIABETIC MICE; T-CELLS; EXPRESSION; LYMPHOCYTES; TOLERANCE; ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; PREVENTION; MODULATION; PROTEIN C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Cellular Injury, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Virginia Mason Res Ctr, Benaroya Res Inst, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. RP Tsokos, GC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Cellular Injury, 503 Robert Grant Rd, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. OI Nepom, Gerald/0000-0002-8063-1464 NR 35 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL INVESTIGATION INC PI ANN ARBOR PA ROOM 4570 KRESGE I, 200 ZINA PITCHER PLACE, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109-0560 USA SN 0021-9738 J9 J CLIN INVEST JI J. Clin. Invest. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 106 IS 2 BP 181 EP 183 DI 10.1172/JCI10575 PG 3 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 335HA UT WOS:000088237000005 PM 10903332 ER PT J AU Emery, S Bodrug, S Richardson, BA Giachetti, C Bott, MA Panteleeff, D Jagodzinski, LL Michael, NL Nduati, R Bwayo, J Kreiss, JK Overbaugh, J AF Emery, S Bodrug, S Richardson, BA Giachetti, C Bott, MA Panteleeff, D Jagodzinski, LL Michael, NL Nduati, R Bwayo, J Kreiss, JK Overbaugh, J TI Evaluation of performance of the Gen-Probe human immunodeficiency virus type 1 viral load assay using primary subtype A, C, and D isolates from Kenya SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENT HIV-1 SUBTYPES; BRANCHED-DNA ASSAY; GROUP-O VIRUSES; GENETIC DIVERSITY; AMPLIFICATION SYSTEM; PLASMA; RNA; QUANTIFICATION; QUANTITATION; INFECTION AB Accurate and sensitive quantification of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA has been invaluable as a marker for disease prognosis and for clinical monitoring of HIV-1 disease. The first generation of commercially available HIV-1 RNA tests were optimized to detect the predominant HIV-1 subtype found in North America and Europe, subtype B. However, these tests are frequently suboptimal in detecting HIV-1 genetic forms or subtypes found in other parts of the world. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the performance of a new viral load assay with non-subtype B viruses. A transcription-mediated amplification method for detection and quantitation of diverse HIV-1 subtypes, called the Gen-Probe HIV-1 viral load assay, is under development. In this study we examined the performance of the Gen-Probe HIV-1 viral load assay relative to that of the commonly used commercial HIV-1 RNA assays using a panel of primary isolates from Kenya, For comparison, we included several subtype B cloned viruses, and we quantified each virus using an in-house quantitative-competitive reverse transcriptase PCR (QC-RT-PCR) method and gag(p24) antigen capture. The Gen-Probe HIV-1 viral load assay and a version of the Roche AMPLICOR HIV-1 MONITOR test (version 1.5) that was designed to detect a broader range of subtypes were both sensitive for the quantification of Kenyan primary isolates, which represented subtype A, C, and D viruses. The Gen Probe HIV-1 viral load assay was more sensitive for the majority of viruses than the Roche AMPLICOR HIV-1 MONITOR test version 1.0, the Bayer Quantiplex HIV RNA 3.0 assay, or a QC-RT-PCR method in use in our laboratory, suggesting that it provides a useful method for quantifying HIV-1 RNAs from diverse parts of the world, including Africa. C1 Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Div Human Biol, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Biostat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Med, Seattle, WA USA. Univ Washington, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. GenProbe Inc, San Diego, CA USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Retrovirol, Rockville, MD USA. Univ Nairobi, Dept Pediat, Nairobi, Kenya. Univ Nairobi, Dept Med Microbiol, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Overbaugh, J (reprint author), Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Div Human Biol, 1100 Fairview Ave N,C3-168, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 38518, R37 AI038518]; NICHD NIH HHS [HD 23412, R01 HD023412] NR 41 TC 121 Z9 123 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 38 IS 7 BP 2688 EP 2695 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 331WR UT WOS:000088042100040 PM 10878065 ER PT J AU Land, MV Ching, WM Dasch, GA Zhang, ZW Kelly, DJ Graves, SR Devine, PL AF Land, MV Ching, WM Dasch, GA Zhang, ZW Kelly, DJ Graves, SR Devine, PL TI Evaluation of a commercially available recombinant-protein enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of antibodies produced in scrub typhus rickettsial infections SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ORIENTIA-TSUTSUGAMUSHI; 56-KILODALTON PROTEIN; EXPRESSION; RESPONSES AB The 56-kDa major outer membrane protein antigen of Orientia tsutsugamuchi is the immunodominant antigen in human scrub typhus (ST) infections. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using a recombinant 56-kDa protein (r56) to detect specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) produced in ST infections was developed, acid its performance was evaluated using sera from patients with active ST (n = 59), spotted fever (SF) (n = 31), and murine typhus (MT) (n = 6) and from those without rickettsial infection (n = 52). The r56 ELISA was compared to an ELISA using native whole cell lysate of O. tsutsugamushi Karp or O. tsutsugamushi Gilliam as antigens, The performance of the assays using r56 was similar to that of those using native antigens, Using indirect immunoperoxidase (ITP) as the reference test, sensitivities were 86, 88, and 88% while specificities were 84, 90, and 87% in the three assays. Furthermore, cross-reactivity in confirmed cases of SF and MT was low (5.4, 2.7, and 2.7% respectively). The additional use of IgG in the r56 ELISA gave improved performance (sensitivity, 80%; specificity, 96%; cross-reactivity in SF and MT, 2.7%), The detection of high levels of ige in some IgM-negative patients illustrates the importance of including a test for IgG in the detection of secondary or reactivated infections, since many of these patients were from regions in Thailand where these infections are endemic. C1 PanBio Pty Ltd, Windsor, Qld 4030, Australia. Geelong Hosp, Australian Rickettsial Ref Lab, Geelong, Vic, Australia. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Program, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Rickettsial Dis, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Devine, PL (reprint author), PanBio Pty Ltd, 116 Lutwyche Rd, Windsor, Qld 4030, Australia. EM peter_devine@panbio.com.au NR 14 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 38 IS 7 BP 2701 EP 2705 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 331WR UT WOS:000088042100042 PM 10878067 ER PT J AU Venook, AP Egorin, MJ Rosner, GL Hollis, D Mani, S Hawkins, M Byrd, J Hohl, R Budman, D Meropol, NJ Ratain, MJ AF Venook, AP Egorin, MJ Rosner, GL Hollis, D Mani, S Hawkins, M Byrd, J Hohl, R Budman, D Meropol, NJ Ratain, MJ TI Phase I and pharmacokinetic trial of gemcitabine in patients with hepatic or renal dysfunction: Cancer and leukemia group B 9565 SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-AGENT GEMCITABINE; CELL LUNG-CANCER; UROTHELIAL CANCER; 2',2'-DIFLUORODEOXYCYTIDINE; PHARMACOLOGY; CHEMOTHERAPY; PLASMA AB Purpose: To ascertain if hepatic or renal dysfunction leads to increased toxicity at a given dose of gemcitabine and to characterize the pharmacokinetics of gemcitabine and its major metabolite in patients with such dysfunction. Patients and Methods: Adults with tumors appropriate for gemcitabine therapy and who had abnormal liver or renal function tests were eligible. Patients were assigned to one of three treatment cohorts: I-AST level less than or equal to two times normal and bilirubin level less than 1.6 mg/dL; II-bilirubin level 1.6 to 7.0 mg/dL; and III- creatinine level 1.6 to 5.0 mg/dL with normal liver function. Doses were explored in at least three patients within each cohort. Gemcitabine and its metabolite were to be measured in the blood in all patients. Results: Forty patients were assessable for toxicity. Transient transaminase elevations were observed in many patients but were not dose limiting. Patients with AST elevations tolerated gemcitabine without increased toxicity, but patients with elevated bilirubin levels had significant deterioration in liver function after gemcitabine therapy. Patients with elevated creatinine levels had significant toxicity even at reduced doses of gemcitabine, including two instances of severe skin toxicity. There were no apparent pharmacokinetic differences among the three groups or compared with historical controls. Conclusion: If gemcitabine is used for patients with elevations in AST level, no dose reduction is necessary. Patients with elevated bilirubin levels have an increased risk of hepatic toxicity, and a dose reduction is recommended. Patients with elevated creatinine levels seem to have increased sensitivity to gemcitabine, but the data are nat adequate to support a specific dosing recommendation. (C) 2000 by American Society of Clinical Oncology. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Maryland, Ctr Canc, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Canc Leukemia Grp B, Ctr Stat, Durham, NC USA. Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Canc & Leukemia Grp B, Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut Comm, Chicago, IL USA. Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20057 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Univ Iowa Hosp & Clin, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. N Shore Univ Hosp, Manhasset, NY USA. Roswell Pk Canc Inst, Buffalo, NY 14263 USA. RP Venook, AP (reprint author), 400 Parnassus Ave,suite 502, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA31946] NR 19 TC 124 Z9 128 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0732-183X J9 J CLIN ONCOL JI J. Clin. Oncol. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 18 IS 14 BP 2780 EP 2787 PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 335UF UT WOS:000088262600018 PM 10894879 ER PT J AU Kamimori, GH Sirisuth, N Greenblatt, DJ Eddington, ND AF Kamimori, GH Sirisuth, N Greenblatt, DJ Eddington, ND TI The influence of the menstrual cycle on triazolam and indocyanine green pharmacokinetics SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GASTROINTESTINAL TRANSIT; GENDER; DISPOSITION; KINETICS; WOMEN; AGE AB The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the menstrual cycle phase on the pharmacokinetics of two high-clearance agents, triazolam and indocyanine green (ICG). Eleven nonsmoking, healthy, eumenorrheic women were enrolled in this study Triazolam (0.25 mg) wets administered orally, and indocyanine green was administered as an i.v. bolus (0.5 mg/kg) during the follicular, ovulatory, and luteal phases of a single menstrual cycle. Blood samples were collected over 10 hours for triazolam and over 30 minutes for ICG. Triazolam and indocyanine green concentrations were quantitated by electron capture gas chromatography and spectrophotometry respectively. Noncompartmental analysis was used to determine relevant pharmacokinetics parameters, which were statistically assessed using two-M ay ANOVA (p < 0.05). No statistical differences for triazolam were observed. Vd/F was lower in the luteal phase (107 L) as compared to the follicular (138 L) and ovulatory (133 L) phases. Clearance of triazolam was comparable in the follicular (583 ml/min), ovulatory (565 ml/min), and luteal (538 ml/min) phases. ICG also revealed no significant differences across the phases. These results suggest that the phases of the menstrual cycle do not influence triazolam or ICG pharmacokinetics. C1 Univ Maryland, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Pharmacokinet Biopharmaceut Lab, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Neurobiol & Behav, Washington, DC USA. Tufts Univ, Dept Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Eddington, ND (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Pharmacokinet Biopharmaceut Lab, 100 Penn St,AHB, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. FU NIMH NIH HHS [MH-34223] NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0091-2700 J9 J CLIN PHARMACOL JI J. Clin. Pharmacol. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 40 IS 7 BP 739 EP 744 DI 10.1177/00912700022009495 PG 6 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 325HZ UT WOS:000087671300007 PM 10883415 ER PT J CA Office Surg Gen Army Serv Forces TI Nomeneclature of psychiatric disorders and reactions (Reprinted from JCLP, vol 2, pg 289-296, 1946) SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Reprint C1 USA, Serv Forces, Off Surgeon Gen, War Dept Technical Bulletin, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP USA, Serv Forces, Off Surgeon Gen, War Dept Technical Bulletin, Med 203, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-9762 EI 1097-4679 J9 J CLIN PSYCHOL JI J. Clin. Psychol. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 56 IS 7 BP 925 EP 934 PG 10 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 327MU UT WOS:000087798300010 ER PT J AU Brambilla, A Villa, C Rizzardi, G Veglia, F Ghezzi, S Lazzarin, A Cusini, M Muratori, S Santagostino, E Gringeri, A Louie, LG Sheppard, HW Poli, G Michael, NL Pantaleo, G Vicenzi, E AF Brambilla, A Villa, C Rizzardi, G Veglia, F Ghezzi, S Lazzarin, A Cusini, M Muratori, S Santagostino, E Gringeri, A Louie, LG Sheppard, HW Poli, G Michael, NL Pantaleo, G Vicenzi, E TI Shorter survival of SDF1-3 ' Al3 ' A homozygotes linked to CD4(+) T cell decrease in advanced human immunodeficiency virus type I infection SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections CY JAN 29-FEB 03, 2000 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA ID CHEMOKINE GENE VARIANT; DISEASE PROGRESSION; HIV DISEASE; CLINICAL COURSE; CCR5; POLYMORPHISM; TRANSMISSION; PATHOGENESIS; GENOTYPE AB The SDF-1 3'A allelic polymorphism has been reported to influence either positively or negatively the progression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) disease. Therefore, the SDF-1 genotype of 729 HIV-1-infected individuals pooled from 3 distinct cohorts was determined. A statistically nonsignificant association between the SDF1-3'Al3'A genotype and accelerated disease progression was evident among seroconverters (n = 319), but a striking correlation of decreased survival after either diagnosis of AIDS according to the 1993 definition or loss of CD4(+) T cell counts <200 was observed. The relative hazards for SDF1-3'Al 3'A homozygotes, compared with heterozygotes and wild-type homozygotes were 2.16 (P = .0047), for time from diagnosis according to the 1993 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention AIDS case definition (AIDS-'93) to death, and 3.43 (P = .0001), for time from CD4(+) T cells <200 to death, Because no difference in survival was observed after diagnosis according to AIDS-'87, the association of the SDF1-3'A/3'A genotype with the accelerated progression of late-stage HIV-1 disease appears to be explained for the most part by the loss of CD4(+) T lymphocytes. C1 San Raffaele Sci Inst, DIBIT, AIDS Immunopathogenesis Unit, P2 P3 Labs, I-20132 Milan, Italy. San Raffaele Sci Inst, DIBIT, Biostat Unit, I-20132 Milan, Italy. CHU Vaudois, Div Infect Dis, Lab AIDS Immunopathogenesis, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland. San Raffaele Sci Inst, San Luigi AIDS Ctr, Div Infect Dis, I-20132 Milan, Italy. Maggiore Hosp, A Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia & Thrombosis Ctr, Ist Ricovero & Cura & Carattere Sci, Milan, Italy. Univ Milan, Milan, Italy. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Retrovirol, Dept Mol Diagnost & Pathogenesis, Rockville, MD USA. RP Vicenzi, E (reprint author), San Raffaele Sci Inst, DIBIT, AIDS Immunopathogenesis Unit, P2 P3 Labs, Via Olgettina 58, I-20132 Milan, Italy. RI Veglia, Fabrizio/K-1958-2016; Pantaleo, Giuseppe/K-6163-2016 OI Veglia, Fabrizio/0000-0002-9378-8874; FU NIAID NIH HHS [N01 AI 82515] NR 16 TC 56 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 182 IS 1 BP 311 EP 315 DI 10.1086/315650 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 340FK UT WOS:000088522300041 PM 10882614 ER PT J AU Perich, MJ Davila, G Turner, A Garcia, A Nelson, M AF Perich, MJ Davila, G Turner, A Garcia, A Nelson, M TI Behavior of resting Aedes aegypti (Culicidae : Diptera) and its relation to ultra-low volume adulticide efficacy in Panama City, Panama SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aedes aegypti; culicidae; resting behavior; ultra-low volume insecticides ID SANTO-DOMINGO; DROPLET SIZE; MALATHION; INSECTICIDE AB The resting behavior of Aedes aegypti (L.) adults was investigated in 14 districts of Panama City, Panama in relation to ground ultra-low volume (ULV) applications of malathion. Adults primarily rested inside the premises (75.1%) at a distance >6 m from the street (86.4%). Both sexes rested mainly in bedrooms, living rooms, and bathrooms. The small ULV aerosol droplets (2-4 mu m) penetrated all indoor resting sites of Ae. aegypti, but in low amounts. Because of the low amount of insecticide reaching the primary resting sites within the premises, limited control of the Ae. aegypti was obtained. This limited the potential effectiveness of ground vehicle ULV applied insecticide as a dengue epidemic control method. C1 USA, Biomed Res & Dev Lab, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Perich, MJ (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Entomol, Div Communicable Dis & Immunol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 21 TC 68 Z9 74 U1 2 U2 7 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 37 IS 4 BP 541 EP 546 DI 10.1603/0022-2585-37.4.541 PG 6 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 359RF UT WOS:000089625300007 PM 10916294 ER PT J AU Coleman, RE Barth, JF Turell, MJ Gordon, SW Sattabongkot, J Copeland, R Wirtz, RA AF Coleman, RE Barth, JF Turell, MJ Gordon, SW Sattabongkot, J Copeland, R Wirtz, RA TI Development and evaluation of a dipstick assay for detection of Plasmodium falciparum and P-vivax sporozoites in mosquitoes (Diptera : Culicidae) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE detection; dipstick; circumsporozoite protein; mosquito; malaria ID CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; MALARIA PARASITE; TRANSMISSION; INFECTIVITY AB We developed a nitrocellulose-based, dipstick circumsporozoite (CS)-enzyme immunoassay [ELISA] for the simultaneous detection of Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax-210 CS protein. The assay had a detection threshold of <250 P. falciparum or 400 P. vivax sporozoites per sample, gave results concordant with dissection of salivary glands and CS-ELISA, but was slightly less sensitive than the CS-ELISA in microtiter plates. The assay consistently detected one infected mosquito in a pool of 10 or 20 mosquitoes, and was 100% specific in discriminating between species of Plasmodium when mosquito suspensions were spiked with sporozoites. The assay could be completed in 1 h, required no specialized equipment, and therefore was useful for field applications. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Dept Vector Assessment, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Turell, MJ (reprint author), USA, Med Component, Dept Entomol, Armed Forces Inst Med Sci, 315-6 Rajvithi Rd, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. RI Gordon, Scott/B-8875-2011 NR 12 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 37 IS 4 BP 581 EP 587 DI 10.1603/0022-2585-37.4.581 PG 7 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 359RF UT WOS:000089625300013 PM 10916300 ER PT J AU Kollars, TM Sithiprasasna, R AF Kollars, TM Sithiprasasna, R TI New host and distribution record of Amblyomma javanense (Acari : Ixodidae) in Thailand SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE tick; parasite; host; Manis; Sus; Thailand AB Amblyomma javanense (Supino) was collected from a Malayan pangolin (Manis javanica Desmarest) and a wild boar (Sus scrofa L.) from Tak province on the western boundary of Thailand along the Myanmar (Burma) border. To date, this tick species has not been recorded from this area and from a wild boar. C1 USA, Med Component, Dept Entomol, Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok, Thailand. RP Kollars, TM (reprint author), USA, Med Component, Dept Entomol, Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok, Thailand. NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 37 IS 4 BP 640 EP 640 DI 10.1603/0022-2585-37.4.640 PG 1 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 359RF UT WOS:000089625300022 PM 10916309 ER PT J AU Rogers, C AF Rogers, C TI The Hundred Years War II: Trial by fire SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Rogers, C (reprint author), US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 64 IS 3 BP 823 EP 824 DI 10.2307/120873 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 328AD UT WOS:000087825900011 ER PT J AU Rogers, C AF Rogers, C TI The Hundred Years War I: Trial by battle SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Rogers, C (reprint author), US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 64 IS 3 BP 823 EP 824 DI 10.2307/120873 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 328AD UT WOS:000087825900010 ER PT J AU Doughty, RA AF Doughty, RA TI Soldier and warrior: French attitudes toward the army and war on the eve of the First World War SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Doughty, RA (reprint author), US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 64 IS 3 BP 865 EP 866 DI 10.2307/120907 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 328AD UT WOS:000087825900045 ER PT J AU Giangreco, DM AF Giangreco, DM TI The medical department: Medical service in the war against Japan SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 US Army Command & Gen Staff Coll, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. RP Giangreco, DM (reprint author), US Army Command & Gen Staff Coll, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 64 IS 3 BP 891 EP 892 DI 10.2307/120928 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 328AD UT WOS:000087825900066 ER PT J AU Kiesling, EC AF Kiesling, EC TI Military factions in the Republic, 1870-1962: Officers, power and public life in France SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Kiesling, EC (reprint author), US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 64 IS 3 BP 902 EP 903 DI 10.2307/120935 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 328AD UT WOS:000087825900073 ER PT J AU Bhattacharjee, AK Gupta, RK Ma, D Karle, JM AF Bhattacharjee, AK Gupta, RK Ma, D Karle, JM TI Molecular similarity analysis between insect juvenile hormone and N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) analogs may aid design of novel insect repellents SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR RECOGNITION LA English DT Article DE juvenile hormone; N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET); juvenile hormone mimic; calculated stereoelectronic properties ID ELECTROSTATIC POTENTIALS; ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; TOBACCO HORNWORM; MODEL; FIELD AB Molecular similarity analysis of stereoelectronic properties between natural insect juvenile hormone (JH), a synthetic insect juvenile hormone mimic (JH-mimic, undecen-2-yl carbamate), and N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) and its analogs reveals similarities that may aid the design of more efficacious insect repellents and give a better insight into the mechanism of repellent action. The study involves quantum chemical calculations using the AM1 semi-empirical computational method enabling a conformational search for the lowest and most abundant energy conformers of JH, JH-mimic, and 15 DEET compounds, followed by complete geometry optimization of the conformers, Similarity analyses of stereoelectronic properties such as structural parameters, atomic charges, dipole moments, molecular electrostatic potentials, and highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energies were performed on JH, JH-mimic and the DEET compounds. The similarity of stereoelectronic attributes of the amide/ester moiety, the negative electrostatic potential regions beyond the van der Waals surface, and the large distribution of hydrophobic regions in the compounds appear to be the three important factors leading to a similar interaction with the JH receptor. The similarity of electrostatic profiles beyond the van der Waals surface is likely to play a crucial role in molecular recognition interaction with the JH receptor from a distance, This also suggests electrostatic bioisosterism of the amide group of the DEET compounds and JH-mimic and, thus, a model for molecular recognition at the JH receptor, The insect repellent property of the DEET analogs may thus be attributed to a conflict of complementarity for the JH receptor binding sites. Copyright (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Dept Med Chem, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Entomol, Div Communicable Dis & Immunol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Pharmacol, Div Expt Therapeut, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Bhattacharjee, AK (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Dept Med Chem, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 30 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0952-3499 J9 J MOL RECOGNIT JI J. Mol. Recognit. PD JUL-AUG PY 2000 VL 13 IS 4 BP 213 EP + DI 10.1002/1099-1352(200007/08)13:4<213::AID-JMR500>3.0.CO;2-T PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 340XX UT WOS:000088562900004 PM 10931558 ER PT J AU Sun, PP Poffenbarger, GJ Durham, S Zimmerman, RA AF Sun, PP Poffenbarger, GJ Durham, S Zimmerman, RA TI Spectrum of occipitoatlantoaxial injury in young children SO JOURNAL OF NEUROSURGERY LA English DT Article DE cervical spine injury; craniocervical injury; tectorial membrane; atlantooccipital joint; magnetic resonance imaging; children ID TRAUMATIC ATLANTOOCCIPITAL DISLOCATION; ATLANTO-OCCIPITAL DISLOCATIONS; PEDIATRIC CERVICAL-SPINE; OCCIPITOVERTEBRAL RELATIONSHIPS; RADIOLOGIC-DIAGNOSIS; LATERAL RADIOGRAPHS; SUPINE SUBJECTS; ALAR LIGAMENTS; NECK INJURIES; DISSOCIATION AB Object. Injuries of the occipitoatlantoaxial (Oc-C2) region are the predominant form of cervical injury in children younger than 10 years of age. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging can be used to visualize directly the traumatic ligamentous and soft-tissue abnormalities of the Oc-C2 region. A retrospective review was undertaken to examine the spectrum of pediatric Oc-C2 injuries seen on MR imaging, their correlation with plain x-ray film and computerized tomography findings, and their clinical course. Methods. Seventy-one consecutive children younger than 10 years of age underwent cervical MR imaging for evaluation of traumatic injury. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to document abnormalities in 23 children; 20 of these injuries involved the Oc-C2 region. Abnormalities in the Oc-C2 region included disruptions of the musculature, apical ligament, atlantooccipital joint(s), tectorial membrane, and spinal cord. A spectrum of injury with progressive involvement of these structures was seen, ranging from isolated muscular injury to the multiple soft-tissue and ligamentous disruptions with craniocervical dislocation. Involvement of the tectorial membrane was the critical threshold in the transition from stable to unstable injury. Analysis of plain x-ray films revealed that a novel interspinous C1-2:C2-3 ratio criteria of greater than or equal to 2.5 was predictive of tectorial membrane abnormalities on MR imaging, with 87% sensitivity and 100% specificity. In patients with tectorial membrane abnormalities who underwent immobilization alone, interim platybasia was demonstrated on follow-up MR images. Conclusions. A progressive spectrum of distinct Oc-C2 injuries can occur in young children; the tectorial membrane is a critical stabilizing ligamentous structure in the Oc-C2 complex; and tectorial membrane abnormalities may be identified by a C1-2:C2-3 ratio of greater than or equal to 2.5. C1 Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Dept Neurosurg, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Dept Neuroradiol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Hosp Univ Penn, Dept Neurosurg, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Neurosurg Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Sun, PP (reprint author), Childrens Hosp Oakland, Div Neurosurg, 744 52nd St, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. NR 59 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC NEUROLOGICAL SURGEONS PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA UNIV VIRGINIA, 1224 WEST MAIN ST, STE 450, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903 USA SN 0022-3085 J9 J NEUROSURG JI J. Neurosurg. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 93 IS 1 SU S BP 28 EP 39 DI 10.3171/spi.2000.93.1.0028 PG 12 WC Clinical Neurology; Surgery SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Surgery GA 328UD UT WOS:000087867800005 PM 10879755 ER PT J AU Centini, M Sibilia, C Scalora, M Rugolo, V Bertolotti, M Bloemer, MJ Bowden, CM AF Centini, M Sibilia, C Scalora, M Rugolo, V Bertolotti, M Bloemer, MJ Bowden, CM TI On the phase matching conditions in applications of one-dimensional photonic band gap structures for nonlinear frequency conversion SO JOURNAL OF OPTICS A-PURE AND APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article DE photonic band gap structures; nonlinear frequency conversion; band edge effects ID 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION; FINITE; LIGHT AB Band edge effects such as increased density of modes, large field enhancement, and low group velocity will provide highly efficient parametric interaction if the proper phase matching conditions are established in one-dimensional photonic band gap (PBG) structures. The analysis of the dispersion properties of one-dimensional PEG structure allows us to define the suitable phase matching conditions for parametric interaction when quadratic nonlinear materials constitute the layered geometry. C1 Univ Rome La Sapienza, INFM, Dipartimento Energet, I-00161 Rome, Italy. USA, Aviat & Missile Compound, Weap Sci Directorate, AMSAM RD WS ST, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. Time Domain Corp, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. RP Centini, M (reprint author), Univ Rome La Sapienza, INFM, Dipartimento Energet, Via Scarpa 16, I-00161 Rome, Italy. OI CENTINI, MARCO/0000-0003-0625-0054 NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1464-4258 J9 J OPT A-PURE APPL OP JI J. Opt. A-Pure Appl. Opt. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 2 IS 4 BP 327 EP 331 DI 10.1088/1464-4258/2/4/315 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 364TY UT WOS:000089910100017 ER PT J AU Zhang, Y Lee, B Thompson, M Glass, R Lee, RC Figueroa, D Gilman, R Taylor, D Stephenson, C AF Zhang, Y Lee, B Thompson, M Glass, R Lee, RC Figueroa, D Gilman, R Taylor, D Stephenson, C CA Diarrhea Working Grp TI Lactulose-mannitol intestinal permeability test in children with diarrhea caused by rotavirus and Cryptosporidium SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC GASTROENTEROLOGY AND NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE Cryptosporidium; diarrhea; intestinal permeability; lactulose; mannitol; rotavirus ID AUTOMATED ENZYMATIC ASSAYS; PARVUM INFECTION; ZINC SUPPLEMENTATION; PERUVIAN CHILDREN; RURAL BANGLADESH; MALNUTRITION; GASTROENTERITIS; ASSOCIATION; ABSORPTION; BACTERIAL AB Background: The relationship between intestinal permeability and acute secretory diarrheal syndromes caused by rotavirus and Cryptosporidium parvum in infants less than 36 months of age was studied using the lactulose-mannitol excretion assay. Methods: An oral solution containing 0.4 g/kg lactulose and 0.1 g/kg mannitol was administered to 15 infants with rotavirus. 7 with Cryptosporidium infection and a control group of 7 with secretory diarrhea admitted to the Oral Rehydration Unit of the National Children's Hospital in Lima, Peru. Urinary sugar excretion was measured using an enzymatic spectrophotometric method. The ratio of urinary excretion of lactulose to mannitol was used to measure intestinal mucosal permeability, with higher ratios indicative of increased intestinal permeability. Infants in all three groups were retested 20 days after the initial test. Results: The (mean +/- SE) lactulose:mannitol (L:M) excretion ratios during the acute phase (day 1) of diarrhea in infants with rotavirus or Cryptosporidium and control infants were 0.67 +/- 0.1. 0.76 +/- 0.16. and 0.26 +/- 0.04, respectively. In the convalescent phase (day 20) the ratios were 0.19 +/- 0.02, 0.28 +/- 0.05, and 0.29 +/- 0.07, respectively. Significant reductions in L:hl ratios were noted in rotavirus patients between days 1 and 20 (paired t-test; P < 0.01), Cryptosporidium patients between days 1 and 20 (paired t-test; P < 0.05), and between control subjects on day 1 and rotavirus patients on day 1 and Cryptosporidium patients on day 1 (unpaired t-tests; P < 0.05 for both). There were no significant differences in control subjects between days 1 and 20, control subjects and rotavirus patients on day 20, or control subjects and Cryptosporidium patients on day 20. Conclusions: The results indicate that increased intestinal permeability caused by rotavirus or cryptosporidium infections in Peruvian infants less than 36 months of age is a significant but reversible phenomenon. The temporal relationship observed in the current study and the contribution of such alterations in intestinal mucosal integrity to the burden of diarrheal disease and the development of malnutrition in developing countries is discussed. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Family Med, Res Sect, DTM&H, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Asociac Benefica PRISMA, Lima, Peru. Inst Salud Ninos, Lima, Peru. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Enter Infect, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Thompson, M (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Family Med, Res Sect, DTM&H, Box 354696, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 34 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0277-2116 J9 J PEDIATR GASTR NUTR JI J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 31 IS 1 BP 16 EP 21 DI 10.1097/00005176-200007000-00006 PG 6 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics GA 329TL UT WOS:000087924200006 PM 10896065 ER PT J AU Williams, AJ Dave, JR Phillips, JB Lin, Y McCabe, RT Tortella, FC AF Williams, AJ Dave, JR Phillips, JB Lin, Y McCabe, RT Tortella, FC TI Neuroprotective efficacy and therapeutic window of the high-affinity N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist conantokin-G: In vitro (Primary cerebellar neurons) and in vivo (rat model of transient focal brain ischemia) studies SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Article ID CEREBRAL-ARTERY OCCLUSION; RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; CLINICAL-TRIALS; ACUTE STROKE; NMDA; APOPTOSIS; CALCIUM; INJURY; INHIBITION; MAGNESIUM AB Conantokin-G (Con-G), a 17-amino-acid peptide derived from marine snails and a potent N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist, was evaluated for its neuroprotective properties in vitro and in vivo. In primary cerebellar neurons, Con-G was shown to decrease excitotoxic calcium responses to NMDA and to exhibit differential neuroprotection potencies against hypoxia/hypoglycemia-, NMDA-, glutamate-, or veratridine-induced injury. Using the intraluminal filament method of middle cerebral artery occlusion as an in vivo rat model of transient focal brain ischemia, the neuroprotective dose-response effect of Con-G administration beginning 30 min postocclusion was evaluated after 2 h of ischemia and 22 h of reperfusion. In the core region of injury, an 89% reduction in brain infarction was measured with significant neurological and electroencephalographic recovery at the maximal dose tested (2 nmol), although mild sedation was noted. Lower doses of Con-G (0.001-0.5 nmol) were significantly neuroprotective without causing sedation. Postinjury time course experiments demonstrated a therapeutic window out to at least 4 to 8 h from the start of the injury, providing a 47% reduction in core injury. The neuroprotective effect of Con-G (0.5 nmol) was also evaluated after 72 h of injury, where a 54% reduction in core brain infarction was measured. Critically, in both recovery models (i.e., 24 and 72 h), the reduction in brain infarction was associated with significant improvements in neurological and electroencephalographic recovery. These data provide evidence for the potent and highly efficacious effect of Con-G as a neuroprotective agent, with an excellent therapeutic window for the potential intervention against ischemic/excitotoxic brain injury. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Neuropharmacol & Mol Biol, Div Neurosci, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Cognetix Inc, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP Tortella, FC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Neuropharmacol & Mol Biol, Div Neurosci, Bldg 503,Forney Dr,Forest Glen Annex, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 39 TC 66 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PHARMACOLOGY EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0022-3565 J9 J PHARMACOL EXP THER JI J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 294 IS 1 BP 378 EP 386 PG 9 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 329FL UT WOS:000087896200047 PM 10871336 ER PT J AU McNally, CG Krivak, TC Alagoz, T AF McNally, CG Krivak, TC Alagoz, T TI Conservative management of isolated posthysterectomy fever SO JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE hysterectomy; fever; postoperative complications ID HYSTERECTOMY AB OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate that an isolated fever in the absence of other signs or symptoms of infection following hysterectomy does not require empiric antibiotics and laboratory tests. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of all the charts of patients who had a hysterectomy from July 1995 to December 1996 at our institution. Patients with a postoperative temperature >38 degrees C had a physical examination. If the examination was normal, no studies were ordered, and antibiotic therapy was not initiated. Ifa patient was febrile after 72 hours postoperatively, laboratory studies and radiographic tests were ordered. If the results were negative, the patient did not appear septic, and physical examination was normal, no antibiotics were given. Outcomes were measured by comparing patients with postoperative infections and fever to those without infections. RESULTS: Of 132 patients, 112 were included in the study. Seventy-two hysterectomies were abdominal and vaginal. Postoperative fever during the first 72 hours following hysterectomy occurred in 51/112 (46%) patients. Clinically significant infection was documented in seven patients, all of whom manifested signs and symptoms of infection >72 hours postoperatively. CONCLUSION: Postoperative fever in the first 72 hours after hysterectomy is common and nonspecific. If a febrile patient does not show any other signs or symptoms of infection, it is safe to forego routine laboratory and imaging studies as well as therapeutic antibiotics. C1 David Grant Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Travis AFB, CA USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP McNally, CG (reprint author), Luke Hosp, Obstet Gynecol Clin, 7219 N Litchfield Rd, Glendale, AZ 85309 USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCI PRINTERS & PUBL INC PI ST LOUIS PA P.O. DRAWER 12425 8342 OLIVE BLVD, ST LOUIS, MO 63132 USA SN 0024-7758 J9 J REPROD MED JI J. Reprod. Med. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 45 IS 7 BP 572 EP 576 PG 5 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 342BZ UT WOS:000088626500009 PM 10948469 ER PT J AU Davis, SJ Elston, CJ Findlay, PA AF Davis, SJ Elston, CJ Findlay, PA TI Register bypassing in an asynchronous superscalar processor SO JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS ARCHITECTURE LA English DT Article DE Operand forwarding; register bypassing; asynchronous processor simulation; dual-/multiple-instruction issue; performance evaluation ID ARCHITECTURE AB Register bypassing, universally provided iu synchronous processors, is more difficult to implement in an asynchronous design. Asynchronous bypassing requires synchronization between the forwarding and receiving units, with the danger that the advantages of asynchronous operation may be nullified by reintroducing the lock-step operation of synchronous processors, We present a novel implementation of register bypassing in an asynchronous processor architecture. Our technique of Decoupled Operand Forwarding provides centralized control over the bypassing operation, yet allows multiple execution units to function asynchronously. Our ideas are presented within the context of the development of Hades, a generic asynchronous processor architecture. We employ single-issue and dual-issue simulations of Hades to quantify the benefits of Decoupled Operand Forwarding and conclude that Decoupled Operand Forwarding yields significant speedups because of its success in removing register files from the critical timing path. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Hertfordshire, Dept Comp Sci, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. Univ Hertfordshire, Erdc, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. RP Univ Hertfordshire, Dept Comp Sci, Coll Lane, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. EM s.j.davis@herts.ac.uk; p.a.findlay@herts.ac.uk NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-7621 EI 1873-6165 J9 J SYST ARCHITECT JI J. Syst. Architect. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 46 IS 9 BP 749 EP 764 DI 10.1016/S1383-7621(99)00029-6 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 321PP UT WOS:000087464100002 ER PT J AU Walden, BE Henselman, LW Morris, ER AF Walden, BE Henselman, LW Morris, ER TI The role of magnesium in the susceptibility of soldiers to noise-induced hearing loss SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SERUM AB A number of studies have demonstrated that magnesium, administered prophylactically, can reduce the amount of hearing loss resulting from noise exposure. This study explored the possible role of naturally occurring body magnesium concentration in susceptibility of soldiers to noise-induced hearing loss. Participants were 68 adult males who had received extensive noise exposure over several years as a result of training with weapon systems. Each participant provided a pure-tone audiogram, blood sample, and noise-exposure history. A variety of pure-tone indices was correlated with serum magnesium levels as determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy. No significant correlations were observed between any audiometric index and body magnesium. The results of this study, therefore, do not support the hypothesis that there is a strong association between naturally occurring body magnesium and susceptibility to noise-induced hearing loss. [S0001-4966(00)02507-8]. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Army Audiol & Speech Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Walden, BE (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Army Audiol & Speech Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 16 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 108 IS 1 BP 453 EP 456 DI 10.1121/1.429480 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 332BV UT WOS:000088054100044 PM 10923909 ER PT J AU Kottapalli, S AF Kottapalli, S TI Neural network research on validating experimental tilt-rotor performance SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HELICOPTER SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 16th Applied Aerodynamics Conference CY JUN 15-18, 1998 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NEW MEXICO SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB Results from a neural network study to validate full-scale XV-15 tilt-rotor experimental hover and forward flight data are presented. In the context of the present study, neural-network-based test data validation includes the following: test data representation, test data quality assessment (e.g., isolating "bad" test points), and finally, for outdoor hover measurements, wind correction procedure development. Two test databases, acquired during separate tests conducted at NASA Ames, were used. These two isolated XV-15 rotor test databases were obtained from tests in the 80- by 120-Foot Wind Tunnel and an outdoor hover test facility. Neural networks were successfully used to represent and assess the quality of full-scale tilt-rotor hover and forward flight performance test data. The neural networks accurately captured tilt-rotor performance at steady operating conditions and it was shown that the wind tunnel forward flight performance test data were generally of very high quality. Compared to existing momentum-theory based wind corrections to outdoor hover performance, the present neural-network-procedure-based corrections were better. The present wind corrections procedure, based on a well-trained neural network, captured physical trends present in the outdoor hover test data that had been missed by the existing momentum-theory method. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Aeromech Branch, USA,NASA Rotorcraft Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Kottapalli, S (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Aeromech Branch, USA,NASA Rotorcraft Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER HELICOPTER SOC INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 217 N WASHINGTON ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0002-8711 J9 J AM HELICOPTER SOC JI J. Am. Helicopter Soc. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 45 IS 3 BP 199 EP 206 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 465QV UT WOS:000170602200006 ER PT J AU D'Aguanno, G Angelillo, E Sibilia, C Scalora, M Bertolotti, M AF D'Aguanno, G Angelillo, E Sibilia, C Scalora, M Bertolotti, M TI All-optical switching in a high-Q Fabry-Perot cavity filled with a quadratic material SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BAND-GAP STRUCTURES; GUIDED-WAVE OPTICS; 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION; PHASE; MODE; CHI((2)); BISTABILITY; FINITE; 3-WAVE AB A theoretical analysis of the nonlinear quadratic interaction between two monochromatic plane waves at frequencies omega and 2 omega in a Fabry-Perot cavity shows that all-optical control of reflectivity and transmissivity of the fundamental beam is possible under suitable conditions. We report all-optical switching of the fundamental beam for cavity lengths that vary from a few micrometers to a few millimeters. Specifically, we show that 100% all-optical switching can occur for a 6-mu m cavity when the nonlinear coefficient is not greater than 20 pm/V and the input intensity does not exceed 10 GW/cm(2). Our analytical results are obtained without use of the slowly varying envelope approximation and without resort to the undepleted-pump approximation. (C) 2000 Optical Society of America [S0740-3224(00)00607-X]. C1 Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Energet, Ist Nazl Fis Mat, I-00161 Rome, Italy. USA, Missile Command, Ctr Dev & Engn, AMSMI RD WS,Weap Sci Directorate, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP D'Aguanno, G (reprint author), Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Energet, Ist Nazl Fis Mat, Via A Scarpa 16, I-00161 Rome, Italy. EM daguanno@axrma.uniroma1.it; sibilia@axrma.uniroma1.it OI D'Aguanno, Giuseppe/0000-0002-7132-0103 NR 49 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 17 IS 7 BP 1188 EP 1196 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.17.001188 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 331WN UT WOS:000088041800011 ER PT J AU Subrato, D Sun, L Martin, B Talens, E Burris, D Kaufmann, C Rich, N Rhee, P AF Subrato, D Sun, L Martin, B Talens, E Burris, D Kaufmann, C Rich, N Rhee, P TI Lactated ringer's solution and hetastarch but not plasma resuscitation after rat hemorrhagic shock is associated with immediate lung apoptosis by the up-regulation of the bax protein SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th Annual Meeting of the Eastern-Association-for-the-Surgery-of-Trauma CY JAN 10-18, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP E Assoc Surg Trauma ID ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION INJURY; CELL-DEATH; TRAUMA-HEMORRHAGE; BCL-2; EXPRESSION; DISEASE; RELEASE; PHASE AB Background: We previously demonstrated that the type of resuscitation fluid used in hemorrhagic shock affects apoptosis. Unlike crystalloid, whole blood seems to attenuate programmed cell death. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the acellular components of whole blood (plasma, albumin) attenuated apoptosis and to determine whether this process involved the Bax protein pathway. Methods: Rats were hemorrhaged 27.5 mL/kg, kept in hypovolemic shock for 75 minutes, then resuscitated over 1 hour (n = 44). Control animals underwent anesthesia only (sham, n = 7). Treatment animals were bled then randomly assigned to the following resuscitation groups: no resuscitation (n = 6), whole blood (n = 6), plasma (:n = 6), 5% human albumin (n = 6), 6% hetastarch (n = 7), and lactated Ringer's solution (LR, n = 6), Hetastarch was used to control for any colloid effect. LR was used as positive control. Immediately after resuscitation, the lung was collected and evaluated for apoptosis by using two methods. TUNEL stain was used to determine general DNA damage, and Bax protein was used to specifically determine intrinsic pathway involvement. Results: LR and hetastarch treatment resulted in significantly increased apoptosis in the lung as determined by both TUNEL and Bax expression (p < 0.05). Plasma infusion resulted in significantly less apoptosis than LR and hetastarch resuscitation. Multiple cell types (epithelium, endothelium, smooth muscle, monocytes) underwent apoptosis in the lung as demonstrated by the TUNEL stain, whereas Bax expression was limited to cells residing in the perivascular and peribronchial spaces. Conclusion: Apoptosis after volume resuscitation of hemorrhagic shock can be affected by the type of resuscitation fluid used. Manufactured fluids such as lactated Ringer's solution and 6% hetastarch resuscitation resulted in the highest degree of lung apoptosis, The plasma component of whole blood resulted in the least apoptosis. The process of apoptosis after hemorrhagic shock resuscitation involves the Bax protein. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Rhee, P (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM prhee@usuhs.mil NR 24 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1079-6061 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD JUL PY 2000 VL 49 IS 1 BP 47 EP 53 PG 7 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 335LH UT WOS:000088244600013 ER PT J AU Chu, CS Matylevitch, NP McManus, AT Goodwin, CW Pruitt, BA AF Chu, CS Matylevitch, NP McManus, AT Goodwin, CW Pruitt, BA TI Accelerated healing with a mesh autograft/allodermal composite skin graft treated with silver nylon dressings with and without direct current in rats SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article DE composite skin graft; antigenicity; immunosuppression; silver nylon; direct current ID RECONSTRUCTION; REPLACEMENT; ALLOGRAFTS; ALLODERMIS; APOPTOSIS; MATRIX; CELLS; BURNS AB Purpose: Evaluation of the healing and persistence of a meshed composite skin graft applied without immunosuppression. Methods: The contraction of wounds grafted with 9:1 split-thickness autograft/1.5:1 allodermal mesh composite skin grafts (auto/allo MCSGs) was investigated. No immunosuppressive agent was applied. Male ACI rats and female Lewis rats reciprocally served as allodermis graft donors and recipients. Autograft/dermal autograft and allograft/dermal allograft MCSGs were the controls. Results: At 3 months after grafting, when epithelized auto/allo MCSG wounds were measured by computerized morphometric analysis, the silver nylon (SN) dressing group displayed less contraction than the Vaseline (petroleum jelly) dressing group (p < 0.003), and direct current treatment (SNDC) was more effective than SN (p < 0.005). The histologic structures of the hair follicles appear to confine the rejection process to the allogeneic follicles of the graft. The focal nature of the rejection process and the relatively low antigenicity of the dermal matrix allowed the survival of the allodermis layer. Although direct current significantly enhanced MCSG healing, SN and SNDC were not the immunosuppressive agents that were confirmed. Conclusion: This type of MCSG can heal without immunosuppressive treatment. C1 USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Chu, CS (reprint author), USA, Inst Surg Res, 3400 Rawley E Chamber Ave, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 41 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1079-6061 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD JUL PY 2000 VL 49 IS 1 BP 115 EP 125 DI 10.1097/00005373-200007000-00018 PG 11 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 335LH UT WOS:000088244600027 PM 10912867 ER PT J AU Shimazu, T Ikeuchi, H Sugimoto, H Goodwin, CW Mason, AD Pruitt, BA AF Shimazu, T Ikeuchi, H Sugimoto, H Goodwin, CW Mason, AD Pruitt, BA TI Half-life of blood carboxyhemoglobin after short-term and long-term exposure to carbon monoxide SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article DE carbon monoxide; carboxy-hemoglobin (COHb); smoke inhalation injury; half-life; two compartment analysis ID SMOKE-INHALATION INJURY; MODEL AB Background: In models of smoke inhalation injury and carbon monoxide poisoning blood carboxy-hemoglobin (COHb levels decrease faster than predicted by the generally recognized half-life of COHb. We studied the effects of duration of exposure to carbon monoxide (CO) on the subsequent CO elimination. Methods: Each of four sheep were insufflated with CO gas mixtures either for a few minutes (short-term exposure) or for several hours (long-term exposure), then ventilated with air for 3 hours. Serial COHb concentrations were analyzed by using a two-compartment, single central outlet mathematical model. Results: Short-term exposures exhibited biphasic decreases of COHb concentration compatible with a two-compartment model; an initial rapid decrease (half-life 5.7 +/- 1.4 minutes) was followed by a slower phase (103 +/- 20.5 minutes). Long-term exposures exhibited almost monophasic decreases, which were nevertheless compatible with the model (half-life, 21.5 +/- 2.1 and 118 +/- 11.2 minutes). Conclusions: This study demonstrated different patterns of CO elimination curve, which suggests distribution of CO to two compartments having different rates of equilibration. C1 USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Osaka Univ, Sch Med, Dept Traumatol, Osaka, Japan. RP Shimazu, T (reprint author), USA, Inst Surg Res, 3400 Rawley E Chambers Ave, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 28 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1079-6061 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD JUL PY 2000 VL 49 IS 1 BP 126 EP 131 DI 10.1097/00005373-200007000-00019 PG 6 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 335LH UT WOS:000088244600028 PM 10912868 ER PT J AU Lucovsky, G Wu, Y Niimi, H Yang, H Keister, J Rowe, JE AF Lucovsky, G Wu, Y Niimi, H Yang, H Keister, J Rowe, JE TI Separate and independent reductions in direct tunneling in oxide/nitride stacks with monolayer interface nitridation associated with the (i) interface nitridation and (ii) increased physical thickness SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th National Symposium of the American-Vacuum-Society CY OCT 25-29, 1999 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Amer Vacuum Soc ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; GATE DIELECTRICS; SEMICONDUCTOR STRUCTURES; SILICON OXYNITRIDE; PLASMA; CURRENTS; DEVICES; FILMS; LAYER AB Direct tunneling limits aggressive scaling of thermally grown oxides to about 1.6 nm, a thickness at which the tunneling current density J(g) at 1 V is similar to 1 A/cm(2), This article demonstrates that stacked gate dielectrics prepared by remote plasma processing and including (i) ultrathin nitrided SiO(2) interfacial layers and (ii) either silicon nitride or oxynitride bulk dielectrics can extend the equivalent oxide thickness to 1.1-1.0 nm before J(g) exceeds 1 A/cm(2). Significant reductions in direct tunneling are derived from (i) interface nitridation at the monolayer level and (ii) the increased physical thickness of the nitride or oxynitride alloy layers. The "portability" of the interface contribution is demonstrated by combining the nitrided SiO(2) interface layers with transition-metal oxides, e.g., Ta(2)O(5), in stacked gate dielectric structures and obtaining essentially the same reductions in tunneling current on n- and p-type substrates with respect to non-nitrided plasma-grown interface layers. (C) 2000 American Vacuum Society. [S0734-2101(00)18304-6]. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Lucovsky, G (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM lucovsky@ncsu.edu NR 28 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD JUL-AUG PY 2000 VL 18 IS 4 BP 1163 EP 1168 DI 10.1116/1.582318 PN 1 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 335ZH UT WOS:000088276800024 ER PT J AU Keister, JW Rowe, JE Kolodziej, JJ Madey, TE AF Keister, JW Rowe, JE Kolodziej, JJ Madey, TE TI Photoemission spectroscopy of platinum overlayers on silicon dioxide films SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 27th Annual Conference on the Physics and Chemistry of Semiconductor Interfaces (PCSI-27) CY JAN 16-20, 2000 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Amer Vacuum Soc, USA, Off Res, USN, Off Res ID GROWTH; REACTIVITY; CLUSTERS; MODEL; PD AB Soft x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (SXPS) has been used to study ultrathin Pt films on silicon dioxide as model supported-catalyst materials. Using monochromatic synchrotron radiation. Pt 4f rind Si 2p core level photoelectron peaks were measured as a function of platinum coverage in the range 0-10 hit. The bulk silicon and silicon dioxide film Si 2p peaks each show a binding energy decrease within the first ML of dosing. However, the effect is stronger for the silicon dioxide Si 2p peak, indicating an increased screening of the 2p electrons by the metal overlayer. We also observe a monotonic increase of the work function of the ultrathin film Pt/SiO2 system with coverage from 4.52 initially to 5.58 eV at similar to 10 ML. The Pt 4f(7/2) core level binding energy decreased from similar to 72.2 to similar to 70.9 eV between 0 and similar to 10 ML coverage. This binding energy shift at low dose (less than or equal to 1 ML), the coverage dependence of the Pt line shape and intensity, and the large saturation coverage for the work function are each consistent with two-dimensional cluster-island growth. The metallic nature of the Pt overlayer with dose is quantitatively verified by nonlinear, least-squares numerical fitting of the Pt;tf SXPS peak line shapes with Gaussian-broadened Doniach-Sunjic functions. (C) 2000 American Vacuum Society. [S0734-211X(00)05704-8]. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Surface Modificat Lab, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. USA, Res Off, Div Phys, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Rowe, JE (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 15 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JUL-AUG PY 2000 VL 18 IS 4 BP 2174 EP 2178 DI 10.1116/1.1305872 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 345UW UT WOS:000088834400066 ER PT J AU Young, KD Voight, B Subandriyo Sajiman Miswanto Casadevall, TJ AF Young, KD Voight, B Subandriyo Sajiman Miswanto Casadevall, TJ TI Ground deformation at Merapi Volcano, Java, Indonesia: distance changes, June 1988-October 1995 SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Merapi volcano; ground deformation; electronic distance measurements AB Edifice deformations are reported here for the period 1988-1995 at Merapi volcano, one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes in Indonesia. The study period includes a major resumption in lava effusion in January 1992 and a major dome collapse in November 1994. The data comprise electronic distance measurements (EDM) on a summit trilateration network, slope distance changes measured to the upper flanks, and other data collected from 1988 to 1995. A major consequence of this study is the documentation of a significant 4-year period of deformation precursory to the 1992 eruption. Cross-crater strain rates accelerated from less than 3 x 10(-6)/day between 1988 and 1990 to more than 11 x 10(-6)/day just prior to the January 1992 activity, representing a general, asymmetric extension of the summit during high-level conduit pressurization. After the vent opened and effusion of lava resumed, strain occurred at a much-reduced rate of less than 2 x 10(-6)/day. EDM measurements between lower flank benchmarks and the upper edifice indicate displacements as great as 1 tn per year over the four years before the 1992 eruption. The Gendol breach, a pronounced depression formed by the juxtaposition of old lava coulees on the southeast Rank, functioned as a major displacement discontinuity. Since 1993, movements have generally not exceeded the 95% confidence limits of the summit network. Exceptions to this include 12 cm outward movement for the northwest crater rim in 1992-1993, probably from loading by newly erupted dome lava, and movements as much as 7 cm on the south flank between November 1994 and September 1995. No short-term precursors were noted before the November 1994 lava dome collapse, but long-term adjustments of crater geometry accompanied lava dome growth in 1994. Short-term 2-cm deflation of the edifice occurred following the November 1994 dome collapse. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Balai Penyelidikan Dan Pengembangan Teknol Kegunu, Direktorat Vulkanol, Yogyakarta 55166, Indonesia. USA, Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Young, KD (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 40 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 100 IS 1-4 BP 233 EP 259 DI 10.1016/S0377-0273(00)00139-6 PG 27 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 336QY UT WOS:000088315500013 ER PT J AU Burgess, EB AF Burgess, EB TI Two for the summit: My daughter, the mountains, and me. SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, Combined Arms Res Lib, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. RP Burgess, EB (reprint author), USA, Combined Arms Res Lib, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 125 IS 12 BP 106 EP 106 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 334UY UT WOS:000088205100185 ER PT J AU Tolbert, D Zagzebski, JA AF Tolbert, D Zagzebski, JA TI Physicists directing training programs should cooperate to align student enrollment with market demand for medical physicists SO MEDICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Med Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Tolbert, D (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, MCHK-DRT,1 Jarrett White Rd, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-2405 J9 MED PHYS JI Med. Phys. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 27 IS 7 BP 1487 EP 1489 DI 10.1118/1.599042 PG 3 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 337QG UT WOS:000088372700001 PM 10947251 ER PT J AU Gill, RT Valdes, JJ Bentley, WE AF Gill, R. T. Valdes, J. J. Bentley, W. E. TI A Comparative Study of Global Stress Gene Regulation in Response to Overexpression of Recombinant Proteins in Escherichia coli SO METABOLIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID BACTERIOPHAGE-LAMBDA INFECTION; HEAT-SHOCK GENES; DIFFERENTIAL DISPLAY; EXPRESSION PATTERNS; INDUCTION; PROTEASE; CULTURES; GROWTH; CELLS; PCR AB Global gene regulation throughout the Escherichia colt stress response to overexpression of each of five recombinant proteins was evaluated. Reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction-amplified mRNA from induced and control cells were hybridized with a DNA array of Kohara clones representing 16% (700 genes) of the E. coli genome. Subsequently, Northern analysis was performed for quantification of specific gene dynamics and statistically significant overlap in the regulation of 11 stress-related genes was found using correlation analysis. The results reported here establish that there are dramatic changes in the transcription rates of a broad range of stress genes (representing multiple regulons) after induction of recombinant protein. Specifically, the responses included significantly increased upregulation of heat shock (ftsH, clpP, lon, ompT, degP, groEL, aceA, ibpA), SOS/DNA damage (recA, lon, IS5 transposase), stationary phase (rpoS, aceA), and bacteriophage life cycle (fisH, recA) genes. Importantly, similarities at the microscopic (gene) level were not clearly reflected at the macroscopic (growth rate, lysis) level. The use of such dynamic data is critical to the design of gene-based sensors, the engineering of metabolic pathways, and the determination of parameters (harvest and induction times) needed for successful recombinant E. coli fermentations. (C) 2000 Academic Press C1 [Gill, R. T.; Bentley, W. E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Gill, R. T.; Bentley, W. E.] Univ Maryland, Inst Biotechnol, Ctr Agr Biotechnol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Valdes, J. J.] USA, Edgewood Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Bentley, WE (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Chem Engn, Room 5115,Plant Sci Bldg, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM bentley@eng.umd.edu FU U.S. Army Engineering, Research, and Development Center (Edgewood, MD) [DAAM01-96-0037] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the generosity of Dr. Yuji Kohara for supply of the Kohara set of overlapping lambda clones, Dr. James Culver and Mr. Christopher Dardick for the tobacco mosaic virus coat protein construct, and Dr. Vikram Vakharia and Dr. Kun Yao for the VP5 construct. Funding for this research was provided by the U.S. Army Engineering, Research, and Development Center (Edgewood, MD) Grant DAAM01-96-0037. NR 54 TC 70 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1096-7176 EI 1096-7184 J9 METAB ENG JI Metab. Eng. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 2 IS 3 BP 178 EP 189 DI 10.1006/mben.2000.0148 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA V19NS UT WOS:000208079700003 PM 11056060 ER PT J AU Taylor, S Lever, JH Harvey, RP AF Taylor, S Lever, JH Harvey, RP TI Numbers, types, and compositions of an unbiased collection of cosmic spherules SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DEEP-SEA SEDIMENTS; EARLY SOLAR NEBULA; ANTARCTIC ICE; EVAPORATION METAMORPHISM; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; MASS-DISTRIBUTION; ACCRETION RATE; BLUE ICE; DUST; MICROMETEORITES AB Micrometeorites collected from the bottom of the South Pole water well (SPWW) may represent a complete, well-preserved sample of the cosmic dust that accreted on Earth from 1100-1500 A.D. We classified 1588 cosmic spherules in the size range 50-800 mu m. The collection has 41% barred olivine spherules, 17% glass spheres, 12% cryptocrystalline spherules, 11% porphyritic olivine spherules, 12% relic-grain-bearing spherules, 3% scoriaceous spherules, 2% I-type spherules, 1% Ca-Al-Ti-rich (CAT) spherules, and 1% G-type spherules. We also found bubbly glass spherules, spherules with glass caps, and ones with sulfide coatings-particles that are absent from other collections. A classification sequence of the stony spherules (scoriaceous, relic-grain-bearing, porphyritic, barred olivine, cryptocrystalline, glass, and CAT) is consistent with progressive heating and evaporation of Fe from chondritic materials. The modern-day accretion rate and size distribution measured at the SPWW can account for the stony spherules present in deep-sea collection through preferential dissolution of glass and small stony spherules. However, weathering alone cannot account for the high accretion rate of I-type spherules determined for two deep-sea collections. The SPWW collection provides data to constrain models of atmospheric-entry heating and to assess the effects of terrestrial weathering. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Taylor, S (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM staylor@crrel.usace.army.mil NR 62 TC 99 Z9 100 U1 2 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 35 IS 4 BP 651 EP 666 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 341YC UT WOS:000088617700005 ER PT J AU Gaydos, JC AF Gaydos, JC TI The need for a military public health laboratory symposium SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Military Public Health Laboratory Symposium and Workshop CY SEP 21-23, 1999 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Dept Defense Global Emerging Infect Surveillance & Response Syst, Armed Forces Inst Pathol ID US MILITARY AB The Department of Defense Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System has a mission to identify vulnerabilities in the military health system related to the occurrence of emerging infectious diseases, Public health laboratory (PHL) functions are critical to the detection and control of emerging infectious diseases and were assessed. Four important services were evaluated: (1) surveillance for antibiotic resistance, (2) laboratory-based infectious disease surveillance, (3) provision of diagnostic services for uncommon infections, and (4) specimen referral and information transfer within a defined PHL infrastructure. Initial assessments identified several shortcomings and a lack of information about PHL functions. Therefore, a PI-II, symposium was held in September 1999 to define the state of civilian and military PHL functions, identify problems and interventions, and encourage civilian-military networking. After the symposium, selected attendees met in two workshop groups. One addressed the first two functions; the other addressed the last two. C1 US Dept Def, Global Emerging Infect Surveilllance & Response S, Div Prevent Med, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Gaydos, JC (reprint author), US Dept Def, Global Emerging Infect Surveilllance & Response S, Div Prevent Med, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 11 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 165 IS 7 SU S BP 5 EP 7 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 335WF UT WOS:000088267200006 PM 10920628 ER PT J AU Kelley, PW AF Kelley, PW TI Letters of Welcome - Department of Defense Global Emerging Infections System, Military Public Health Laboratory Symposium and Workshop SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Med Corps, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Kelley, PW (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Med Corps, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 165 IS 7 SU S BP VI EP VI PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 335WF UT WOS:000088267200004 ER PT J AU Pavlin, JA AF Pavlin, JA TI Bioterrorism and the importance of the public health laboratory SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Military Public Health Laboratory Symposium and Workshop CY SEP 21-23, 1999 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Dept Defense Global Emerging Infect Surveillance & Response Syst, Armed Forces Inst Pathol AB Biological terrorism is a threat to the United States that public health laboratories cannot afford to ignore. With the ability to recognize unusual strains of organisms, or an increase in test requests or isolation of specific organisms, the public health laboratory can detect the beginning of an outbreak. The laboratory can also facilitate appropriate response measures with rapid diagnostic testing and by determining antibiotic resistance patterns. Public health laboratory personnel need to assess their capabilities, improve them where indicated, and know where to turn for assistance, As improvements in bioterrorism detection occur in the civilian sector, military laboratories must integrate with local, state, and federal health department systems. Laboratories are essential components in surveillance, recognition, and response for both bioterrorism and naturally occurring disease outbreaks. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Prevent Med, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Pavlin, JA (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Prevent Med, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 165 IS 7 SU S BP 25 EP 27 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 335WF UT WOS:000088267200011 PM 10920633 ER PT J AU Davis, SR AF Davis, SR TI The state of antibiotic resistance surveillance: An overview of existing activities and new strategies SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Military Public Health Laboratory Symposium and Workshop CY SEP 21-23, 1999 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Dept Defense Global Emerging Infect Surveillance & Response Syst, Armed Forces Inst Pathol ID ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; LABORATORIES AB The growing global problem of antibiotic resistance requires a worldwide surveillance strategy to characterize the magnitude of the problem, guide clinical care decisions, and assess the impact of prevention and control interventions. Because many existing antibiotic resistance surveillance activities have developed independently of one another and vary greatly in their focus, key organizations are promoting strategies to standardize surveillance activities and build collaboration to promote effective global surveillance, With medical facilities operating throughout the world to support a highly mobile beneficiary population, the Department of Defense's Military Health System could benefit from partnership with civilian efforts to achieve global antibiotic resistance surveillance, This article's overview of existing surveillance activities and new strategies provides information requisite to the Department of Defense undertaking of development of a worldwide antibiotic resistance surveillance program to complement and integrate with civilian programs. C1 US Dept Def, Global Emerging Infect Surveillance & Response Sy, Div Prevent Med, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Davis, SR (reprint author), US Dept Def, Global Emerging Infect Surveillance & Response Sy, Div Prevent Med, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 40 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 165 IS 7 SU S BP 35 EP 39 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 335WF UT WOS:000088267200014 PM 10920636 ER PT J AU Hawkes, CA AF Hawkes, CA TI Antibiotic resistance: A clinician's perspective SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Military Public Health Laboratory Symposium and Workshop CY SEP 21-23, 1999 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Dept Defense Global Emerging Infect Surveillance & Response Syst, Armed Forces Inst Pathol ID ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; DRUG-RESISTANCE AB Since the introduction of antimicrobial agents, resistance has increased steadily across all classes of antibiotics. Organisms vary in susceptibility, Therefore, an antibiogram or susceptibility profile is needed for each infecting organism to determine the most appropriate antibiotic. When the infecting organism has not yet been identified, an informed decision can be made only by obtaining an accurate profile of antibiotic resistance in the hospital, the community, and, in some instances, the world. The appropriate use of antibiotics is correlated with a more favorable clinical outcome and also delays the emergence of resistance, Ensuring such prescribing behavior requires a multidisciplinary approach. Familiarity with the trends and prevalence of antibiotic resistance also facilitates the early identification of individuals harboring resistant organisms. Early isolation can then be initiated, thereby minimizing the risk of nosocomial cross-infection, This article offers a clinician's pragmatic view of antimicrobial resistance. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Hawkes, CA (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, Heaton Pavil,Ward 63,Room 6337,6825 16th St NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 165 IS 7 SU S BP 43 EP 45 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 335WF UT WOS:000088267200016 PM 10920638 ER PT J AU Davis, SR Zajdowicz, T Aldridge, K Coldren, R Davis, D DiFato, MHL Earhart, K Ender, P English, JF Fugimoto, L Geddie, Y Gerald, J Goodman, MJ Hawkes, CA Killenbeck, BJ Lewis, M McNabb, K Pool, J Potter, HG Robillard, TA Ryan, MAK Thornton, S Trent, LL Trevino, S Viscount, HB Walter, E Wiesen, A Yamada, S AF Davis, SR Zajdowicz, T Aldridge, K Coldren, R Davis, D DiFato, MHL Earhart, K Ender, P English, JF Fugimoto, L Geddie, Y Gerald, J Goodman, MJ Hawkes, CA Killenbeck, BJ Lewis, M McNabb, K Pool, J Potter, HG Robillard, TA Ryan, MAK Thornton, S Trent, LL Trevino, S Viscount, HB Walter, E Wiesen, A Yamada, S TI Military Public Health Laboratory Workshop Group A: Laboratory-based surveillance - 22-23 September 1999 SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Davis, SR (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 165 IS 7 SU S BP 62 EP 65 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 335WF UT WOS:000088267200021 ER PT J AU Bolton, JC Gaydos, JC Barker, T Barson, JV Canas, LC Gackstetter, GD Grant, E Gray, GC Huff, WB Lohman, KL May, L Myint, KSA Nauschuetz, WF Nelson, AM Neville, JS Niemeyer, DM Novak, DM O'Brien, J Pixley, C Plotkin, G Rumm, PD Wasserman, GM AF Bolton, JC Gaydos, JC Barker, T Barson, JV Canas, LC Gackstetter, GD Grant, E Gray, GC Huff, WB Lohman, KL May, L Myint, KSA Nauschuetz, WF Nelson, AM Neville, JS Niemeyer, DM Novak, DM O'Brien, J Pixley, C Plotkin, G Rumm, PD Wasserman, GM TI Military Public Health Laboratory Workshop Group B: A Department of Defense Directory of Public Health Laboratory Services for Infectious Agents and Public Health Laboratory System - 22-23 September 1999 SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article C1 USA, Med Command Headquarters, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. RP Bolton, JC (reprint author), USA, Med Command Headquarters, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 165 IS 7 SU S BP 66 EP 69 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 335WF UT WOS:000088267200022 ER PT J AU Buckingham, RS Walker, AL Darville, JA AF Buckingham, RS Walker, AL Darville, JA TI Vision readiness at Seymour Johnson Air Force Base SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Ensuring that our forces are vision ready, i,e., they have the appropriate visual acuity, optical devices, and eye health to perform their mission, is essential on today's battlefield, A study was conducted at Seymour Johnson Air Force Base to determine the prevalence of vision readiness in a deploying fighter squadron. Of the 204 personnel screened, 59 wore glasses or contact lenses. Of these 59, 15 individuals (25%) mere optically ready and 44 individuals (75%) were not optically ready to deploy. Optical readiness is defined as having the correct type and number of optical devices. Of the 15 individuals (25%) who were optically ready, 13 (87%) had had a professional eye examination within 12 months, Of the 44 individuals [75%) who were not optically ready, 36 (82%) had been examined within 1 year, Pearson's chi(2) test (chi(2) = 1,59, degrees of freedom = 3, significance = 0.66] indicated that there was no significant association between readiness and the date of the last examination. This study reveals that although personnel are having regular periodic professional eye examinations, optometry personnel, commanders, and deploying airmen must take a more active role in ensuring that our forces are vision ready. C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Buckingham, RS (reprint author), USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, MCHB-TS-CVR,Bldg 1570,Stark Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 165 IS 7 BP 512 EP 514 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 335DF UT WOS:000088227300004 PM 10920648 ER PT J AU Piantanida, NA Knapik, JJ Brannen, S O'Connor, F AF Piantanida, NA Knapik, JJ Brannen, S O'Connor, F TI Injuries during Marine Corps officer basic training SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID MUSCULOSKELETAL INJURIES; OVERUSE INJURIES; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PREVENTION; EXERCISE; RECRUITS; SOLDIERS AB On average, about 25% of male and 50% of female enlisted recruits sustain one or more injuries during basic training. Because data on military officer populations are sparse, this study investigated injury incidence, injury rates, and modified duty days that occurred during Marine Corps officer basic training (6 weeks in length). Subjects were 480 officer candidates (including 30 females) undergoing training at Quantico, Virginia. The cumulative injury incidence (one or more injuries) was 60,8%, and the injury rate was 3.9 per 1,000 candidate hours of training. There were 378 primary injury encounters (first visit for a specific injury), The highest injury rates occurred during weeks 2, 3, and 6, Male injury categories with the highest rates (injuries per 100 trainees per 1,000 training hours) were blisters (0,68), sprains (0.58), and bone stress reactions (0.40). The highest injury rates in females were for bone stress reactions (1.35). On average, a total of 3.1% of training days constituted modified duty for each candidate. This study provides basic descriptive injury data for this unique military population that can assist in future planning for injury management and preventive interventional strategies. C1 USA, Hlth Clin, Hickam AFB, HI 96818 USA. RP Piantanida, NA (reprint author), USA, Hlth Clin, Schofield Barracks, Hickam AFB, HI 96818 USA. NR 23 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 165 IS 7 BP 515 EP 520 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 335DF UT WOS:000088227300005 PM 10920649 ER PT J AU Dubick, MA Holcomb, JB AF Dubick, MA Holcomb, JB TI A review of intraosseous vascular access: Current status and military application SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID HYPERTONIC SALINE DEXTRAN; HEMORRHAGIC-SHOCK; BONE-MARROW; SWINE MODEL; COMPARTMENT SYNDROME; FLUID RESUSCITATION; EMERGENCY INFUSION; PERIPHERAL ROUTES; PHARMACOKINETICS; BLOOD AB Austere far-forward battlefield environments present numerous obstacles in providing adequate medical care to the injured soldier. In addition to logistical constraints that limit the volume of isotonic crystalloid fluids available to resuscitate the injured soldier, hypotension, environmental and tactical conditions, and/or the presence of mass casualties can combine to lead to excessive delays in obtaining vascular access, For many years, intraosseous infusion has been a rapid, reliable method of achieving vascular access under emergency conditions in children. Although intraosseous infusion in adults was used extensively in the 1930s and 1940s, and a sternal puncture kit for bone marrow infusions was a common component of emergency medical supplies during World War II, only recently have there been discussions and experimental studies to evaluate intraosseous infusions in adult medical emergencies. With some medical elements of the U.S. military having recently been reissued intraosseous devices, we thought it timely to review the literature on this technique. This review discusses the efficacy and safety of intraosseous infusions of drugs and fluids, including insertion times and now rates achieved, Although the intent is to evaluate the feasibility of the technique in the injured soldier, literature citations from studies in children, experimental animals, and human cadavers are included to support the statements made and to offer the reader the opportunity to read the original literature. C1 USA, Inst Surg Res, Mil Trauma Res Branch, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Dubick, MA (reprint author), USA, Inst Surg Res, Mil Trauma Res Branch, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 100 TC 30 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 165 IS 7 BP 552 EP 559 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 335DF UT WOS:000088227300014 PM 10920658 ER PT J AU Dutta, S Daugherty, JR Ware, LA Lanar, DE Ockenhouse, CF AF Dutta, S Daugherty, JR Ware, LA Lanar, DE Ockenhouse, CF TI Expression, purification and characterization of a functional region of the Plasmodium vivax Duffy binding protein SO MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE malaria; Duffy binding protein; baculovilus expression; Plasmodium vivax ID BLOOD-GROUP; ERYTHROCYTE INVASION; RECEPTOR; KNOWLESI; DOMAINS; IDENTIFICATION; CLONING; FAMILY; VECTOR C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Immunol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Ockenhouse, CF (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Immunol, 503 Robert Grand Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RI Lanar, David/B-3560-2011 NR 14 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-6851 J9 MOL BIOCHEM PARASIT JI Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 109 IS 2 BP 179 EP 184 DI 10.1016/S0166-6851(00)00244-9 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology GA 340QE UT WOS:000088545300010 PM 10960177 ER PT J AU Wu, SJL Grouard-Vogel, G Sun, W Mascola, JR Brachtel, E Putvatana, R Louder, MK Filgueira, L Marovich, MA Wong, HK Blauvelt, A Murphy, GS Robb, ML Innes, BL Birx, DL Hayes, CG Frankel, SS AF Wu, SJL Grouard-Vogel, G Sun, W Mascola, JR Brachtel, E Putvatana, R Louder, MK Filgueira, L Marovich, MA Wong, HK Blauvelt, A Murphy, GS Robb, ML Innes, BL Birx, DL Hayes, CG Frankel, SS TI Human skin Langerhans cells are targets of dengue virus infection SO NATURE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ANTIBODY-DEPENDENT ENHANCEMENT; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; DENDRITIC CELLS; TRANSMISSION; DETERMINANTS; MATURATION; SURFACE; RNA AB Dengue virus (DV), an arthropod-borne flavivirus, causes a febrile illness for which there is no antiviral treatment and no vaccine(1,2). Macrophages are important in dengue pathogenesis; however, the initial target cell for DV infection remains unknown. As DV is introduced into human skin by mosquitoes of the genus Aedes, we undertook experiments to determine whether human dendritic cells (DCs) were permissive for the growth of DV. Initial experiments demonstrated that blood-derived DCs were 10-fold more permissive for DV infection than were monocytes or macrophages. We confirmed this with human skin DCs (Langerhans cells and dermal/interstitial DCs). Using cadaveric human skin explants, we exposed skin DCs to DV ex vivo. Of the human leukoctye antigen DR-positive DCs that migrated from the skin, emigrants from both dermis and epidermis, 60-80% expressed DV antigens. These observations were supported by histologic findings from the skin rash of a human subject who received an attenuated tetravalent dengue vaccine. Immunohistochemistry of the skin showed CD1a-positive DCs double-labeled with an antibody against DV envelope glycoprotein. These data demonstrate that human skin DCs are permissive for DV infection, and provide a potential mechanism for the transmission of DV into human skin. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Retrovirol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Naval Med Res Ctr, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Dept, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. Dept Prevent Med, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. Dept Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Viral Dis, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Infect & Parasit Dis Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. Univ Zurich Irchel, Inst Anat, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. NCI, Dermatol Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Frankel, SS (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Retrovirol, 13 Taft Court,Suite 200, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RI Filgueira, Luis/B-6492-2008 NR 21 TC 366 Z9 383 U1 1 U2 18 PU NATURE AMERICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1078-8956 J9 NAT MED JI Nat. Med. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 6 IS 7 BP 816 EP 820 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 331VV UT WOS:000088040100041 PM 10888933 ER PT J AU Doebler, JA AF Doebler, JA TI Prevention of monensin-induced hyperpolarization in NG108-15 cells SO NEUROCHEMICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE action potential; chlorpromazine; in vitro model; membrane potential; NG108-15 (neuroblastoma X glioma) hybrid cells; monensin; ouabain; quinine; verapamil; trifluoperazine ID IONOPHORE A23187; CALCIUM; FIBROBLASTS; CHANNELS; TOXICITY; MUSCLE; BRAIN; LINE AB The NG108-15 (neuroblastoma X glioma hybrid) cell line was used as an in vitro neuronal model to evaluate potential antagonists of the Na+-selective carboxylic ionophore monensin. Changes in membrane electrical characteristics induced by monensin with and without the simultaneous administration of antagonists were measured using intracellular microelectrode techniques. Bath application of monensin (3 mu M) produced a hyperpolarization of congruent to 35 mV. Monensin also altered the generation of action potentials in response to electrical stimulation in 14 of 24 (58%) exposed cells, as evident in a partial or complete loss of action potentials or in an alteration of action potential waveform. The antagonists used were Na+-K+ pump inhibitor ouabain (1-3 mu M), the Ca2+-dependent K+ channel blocker quinine (3-30 mu M) or drugs known to influence Ca2+ signaling in cells, i.e., trifluoperazine (3-10 mu M), verapamil (1-10 mu M) or chlorpromazine (3-30 mu M). On a molar basis, ouabain was the most and trifluoperazine the least effective of the antagonists. Quinine, verapamil and chlorpromazine all prevented the development of the hyperpolarization in an approximate concentration-dependent manner. However, none of these drugs was able to block the effects of monensin on action potentials. Indeed, high concentrations of the antagonists that were most effective in preventing the hyperpolarization accentuated impairments in action potential generation and also reduced input resistance in many cells. Thus, none of these antagonists appears suitable for transition to in vivo antidotal protection studies. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Pharmacol, Neurotoxicol Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Doebler, JA (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Pharmacol, Neurotoxicol Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-3190 J9 NEUROCHEM RES JI Neurochem. Res. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 25 IS 7 BP 941 EP 948 DI 10.1023/A:1007548307554 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 344AB UT WOS:000088734500006 PM 10959490 ER PT J AU Schomer, PD Bradley, JS AF Schomer, PD Bradley, JS TI A test of proposed revisions to room noise criteria curves SO NOISE CONTROL ENGINEERING JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID BUILDINGS AB The 1995 American National Standard, Criteria for Evaluating Noise, presents two sets of room noise criteria curves; one termed NCB and the other RC, The two sets of room criteria curves are based on data and theory, and each is correct for specific situations. The two sets of curves depart most markedly from one another at low frequencies and low sound levels. Each set of curves is potentially inadequate for some specific situations encountered when characterizing HVAC system noise. In some circumstances the RC criteria curves can be excessively conservative (require unnecessarily low sound levels) and in other circumstances the NCB criteria curves may not provide adequate protection against noisy HVAC systems. A third set of criteria curves, the RNC curves, has been proposed as a more adequate approach to quiet HVAC system design. The proposed RNC curves and associated methodology are based on theories of hearing, In this paper the RNC methodology is tested using annoyance data that has been collected in a study of annoyance caused by HVAC system noise. Results of the RNC methodology are compared to the psyche-acoustical evaluations of the annoyance study, The comparisons reveal that the RNC curves and methodology provide improved characterization of noise in rooms. (C) 2000 Institute of Noise Control Engineering. C1 USA, Construct Engn Res Lab, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Res Construct, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. RP Schomer, PD (reprint author), USA, Construct Engn Res Lab, POB 9005, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU INST NOISE CONTROL ENG PI POUGHKEEPSIE PA PO BOX 3206 ARLINGTON BRANCH, POUGHKEEPSIE, NY 12603 USA SN 0736-2501 J9 NOISE CONTROL ENG J JI Noise Control Eng. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2000 VL 48 IS 4 BP 124 EP 129 DI 10.3397/1.2827967 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Acoustics; Engineering GA 351ZT UT WOS:000089190600003 ER PT J AU Doukas, WC Speer, KP AF Doukas, WC Speer, KP TI Anatomy, pathophysiology, and biomechanics of shoulder instability SO OPERATIVE TECHNIQUES IN SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE pathomechanics; pathoanatomy; instability ID INFERIOR GLENOHUMERAL LIGAMENT; ANTERIOR STABILITY; JOINT; TRANSLATION; BANKART; BICEPS AB Instability in the athlete presents a unique challenge to the orthopaedic surgeon. A spectrum of both static and dynamic pathophysiology, as well as gross and microscopic histopathology, contribute to this complex clinical continuum. Biomechanical studies of the shoulder and ligament cutting studies in recent years have generated a more precise understanding of the individual contributions of the various Ligaments and capsular regions to shoulder instability. An understanding of the underlying pathology and accurate assessment of degree and direction of the instability by clinical examination and history are essential to developing appropriate treatment algorithms. C1 Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Div Orthopaed Surg, Sports Med & Shoulder Sect, Durham, NC USA. RP Doukas, WC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed & Rehabil, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 75 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 1060-1872 J9 OPER TECHN SPORT MED JI Oper. Tech. Sports Med. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 8 IS 3 BP 179 EP 187 DI 10.1053/otsm.2000.9801 PG 9 WC Sport Sciences; Surgery SC Sport Sciences; Surgery GA 366DQ UT WOS:000089989900001 ER PT J AU Wassmuth, Z Mair, E Loube, D Leonard, D AF Wassmuth, Z Mair, E Loube, D Leonard, D TI Cautery-assisted palatal stiffening operation for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 102nd Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Otolaryngology-Head-and-Neck-Surgery CY SEP 12-16, 1998 CL SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS SP Amer Acad Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg ID UVULOPALATOPHARYNGOPLASTY; UVULOPALATOPLASTY; EXPERIENCE; EFFICACY; ADULTS AB Cautery-assisted palatal stiffening operation (CAPSO) is a recently developed single office-based procedure performed with local anesthesia for the treatment of palatal snoring. A midline strip of soft palate mucosa is removed, and the wound is allowed to heal by secondary intention, The flaccid palate is stiffened, and palatal snoring ceases. This prospective study evaluated the ability of CAPSO to treat obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Twenty-five consecutive patients with OSAS underwent CAPSO. Responders were defined as patients who had a reduction in apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) of 50% or more and an AHI of 10 or less after surgery By these strict criteria, 40% of patients were considered to have responded to CAPSO. Mean AHI improved from 25.1 +/- 12.9 to 16.6 +/- 15.0 (P = 0.010). The Epworth Sleepiness Scale, a subjective measure of daytime sleepiness, improved from 12.7 +/- 5.6 to 8.8 +/- 4.6 (P < 0.001). These results indicate that CAPSO is as effective as other palatal surgeries in the management of OSAS. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Otolaryngol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Pulm Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Natl Naval Med Ctr, Otolaryngol Serv, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Mair, E (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 19 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 123 IS 1 BP 55 EP 60 DI 10.1067/mhn.2000.105184 PN 1 PG 6 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 334QE UT WOS:000088196500011 PM 10889482 ER PT J AU Kamhawi, S Modi, GB Pimenta, PFP Rowton, E Sacks, DL AF Kamhawi, S Modi, GB Pimenta, PFP Rowton, E Sacks, DL TI The vectorial competence of Phlebotomus sergenti is specific for Leishmania tropica and is controlled by species-specific, lipophosphoglycan-mediated midgut attachment SO PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Phlebotomus sergenti; Leishmania tropica; lipophosphoglycan; vector specificity ID SANDFLY VECTOR; DONOVANI LIPOPHOSPHOGLYCAN; SURFACE LIPOPHOSPHOGLYCAN; CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS; PAPATASI; PROMASTIGOTES; IDENTIFICATION; POLYMORPHISMS; PURIFICATION; PSYCHODIDAE AB The vectorial competence of Phlebotomus sergenti for 3 Old World species of Leishmania, L. tropica, L. major and L. donovani, was investigated in vivo and by in vitro midgut binding assays using living promastigotes and purified lipophosphoglycan (LPG). P. sergenti consistently showed a high specificity for L. tropica strains, which were able to develop mature, potentially transmissible infections. The loss of infection with L. major and L. donovani correlated with the excretion of the digested bloodmeal. These strains were able to produce sustained infections in the midguts of their appropriate vectors, P. papatasi and P. argentipes, respectively. In in vitro binding assays, a significantly higher number of L. tropica procyclic promastigotes attached to the midgut lining of P. sergenti, compared to those of L. major and L. donovani (P < 0.05). The prediction that the species specificity of midgut attachment is controlled by polymorphic structures on the parasite LPG was supported by the finding that P. sergenti midguts were intensely stained following incubation with purified phosphoglycan (PG) from L. tropica compared with PGs from L. major or L. donovani. The results provide further evidence that LPG structural polymorphisms are driven by the species diversity of molecules present on the sandfly midgut that function as parasite attachment sites. C1 NIAID, Parasit Dis Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Fiocruz MS, Ctr Pesquisas Rene Rachou, Lab Entomol Med, BR-30190002 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Sacks, DL (reprint author), NIAID, Parasit Dis Lab, NIH, Bldg 4,Room 126, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RI Rowton, Edgar/A-4474-2012; Rowton, Edgar/A-1975-2011 OI Rowton, Edgar/0000-0002-1979-1485 NR 37 TC 58 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 8 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0031-1820 J9 PARASITOLOGY JI Parasitology PD JUL PY 2000 VL 121 BP 25 EP 33 DI 10.1017/S0031182099006125 PN 1 PG 9 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 345YQ UT WOS:000088843200004 PM 11085222 ER PT J AU Sisler, C Rooks, V Burton, B AF Sisler, C Rooks, V Burton, B TI Another perspective as to the cause of bone fractures in potential child abuse - Reply SO PEDIATRIC RADIOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Sisler, C (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, 1 Jarrett White Rd, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0301-0449 J9 PEDIATR RADIOL JI Pediatr. Radiol. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 30 IS 7 BP 495 EP 496 PG 2 WC Pediatrics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Pediatrics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 335JM UT WOS:000088240400014 ER PT J AU Watson, S AF Watson, S TI Citizen soldiers in the War of 1812 SO PENNSYLVANIA MAGAZINE OF HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY LA English DT Book Review C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Watson, S (reprint author), US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HISTORICAL SOC PA PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1300 LOCUST ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19107 USA SN 0031-4587 J9 PENN MAG HIST BIOG JI Pa. Mag. Hist. Biogr. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 124 IS 3 BP 446 EP 448 PG 3 WC History SC History GA 335YY UT WOS:000088275900026 ER PT J AU Meiselman, HL deGraaf, C Lesher, LL AF Meiselman, HL deGraaf, C Lesher, LL TI The effects of variety and monotony on food acceptance and intake at a midday meal SO PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE variety; monotony; acceptance; intake; meal ID SENSORY-SPECIFIC SATIETY AB Across-meal variety was operationally defined as the varying of a midday meal, whereas monotony was defined as serving the same midday meal for 5 days. Acceptance and intake of the meal declined in the monotony week and did not decline in the variety week. Acceptance levels decreased but remained high, demonstrating that monotony can occur with acceptable foods. Intake increased on the final day of testing under the variety condition. The potato product was resistant to monotony for both acceptance and intake, as has been shown for other staple foods. Green beans were sensitive to monotony. Correlations between acceptance and intake were highly significant; they were moderate in the variety condition (averaging r = 0.5) and lower in the monotony condition, suggesting how variety impacts normal varied eating. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Natick Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Div Human Nutr & Epidemiol, NL-6700 EV Wageningen, Netherlands. Geoctr Inc, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Meiselman, HL (reprint author), USA, Natick Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 12 TC 57 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-9384 J9 PHYSIOL BEHAV JI Physiol. Behav. PD JUL 1 PY 2000 VL 70 IS 1-2 BP 119 EP 125 DI 10.1016/S0031-9384(00)00268-7 PG 7 WC Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences SC Psychology; Behavioral Sciences GA 356DM UT WOS:000089429100017 PM 10978486 ER PT J AU Martin, B Emory, RE AF Martin, B Emory, RE TI Symptomatic macromastia in a patient with Poland syndrome SO PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY LA English DT Letter C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Plast Surg Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Martin, B (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Plast Surg Serv, 5th Floor,Area 5D, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0032-1052 J9 PLAST RECONSTR SURG JI Plast. Reconstr. Surg. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 106 IS 1 BP 221 EP 222 DI 10.1097/00006534-200007000-00050 PG 2 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 327ZP UT WOS:000087824600047 PM 10883644 ER PT J AU Kandasamy, SB AF Kandasamy, SB TI Possible involvement of L-type voltage-gated calcium channels in release of dopamine in the striatum of irradiated rats SO RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID RADIATION-INDUCED DECREASES; OMEGA-AGA-IVA; CA2+ CHANNELS; IONIZING-RADIATION; BRAIN SYNAPTOSOMES; N-TYPE; SLICES; ANTAGONISTS; NEURONS; PROSTAGLANDINS AB The object of this study was to determine the effect of exposure to gamma radiation on potassium chloride (KCl)-stimulated release of dopamine (DA) in the striatum of the rat. In addition, the effect of some calcium channel blockers [nicardipine, a blocker of the L-type voltage-gated N-type VGCC; Omega-agatoxin TK, a selective blocker of P-type VGCC; and nickel chloride (NiCl2), which preferentially blocks the T-type VGCC] on KCl-stimulated release of DA in the striatum in sham-irradiated and irradiated rats was determined. Exposure of rats to 1-10 Gy Co-60 gamma rays had no significant effect on KCl-stimulated release of DA in the striatum in comparison to sham-irradiated animals. Administering 100, 300 and 500 nM of Omega-agatoxin TK or 50, 100 and 200 nM of Omega-conotoxin GVIA significantly decreased the release of DA stimulated by KCI in both irradiated and sham-irradiated animals in a dose-dependent manner. However, 10, 30 and 50 mu M of nicardipine decreased the release of DA in irradiated animals but not in sham-irradiated animals. It is unknown why doses of 5-20 mu M NiCl2 had no effect on the release of DA in sham-irradiated and irradiated animals. The results demonstrate that the doses of radiation used in this study had no effect on release of DA in the striatum, Multiple calcium channel types coexist to regulate release of DA, P- and N-type VGCCs are involved in release of DA in sham-irradiated and irradiated animals, whereas only L-type VGCCs are involved in release of DA in irradiated animals. (C) 2000 by Radiation Research Society. C1 Armed Forces Radiobiol Res Inst, Radiat Pathophysiol & Toxicol Dept, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Kandasamy, SB (reprint author), USA, Congressionally Directed Med Res Program, MCMR PLF, 1077 Patchel St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 34 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI OAK BROOK PA 2021 SPRING RD, STE 600, OAK BROOK, IL 60521 USA SN 0033-7587 J9 RADIAT RES JI Radiat. Res. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 154 IS 1 BP 39 EP 43 DI 10.1667/0033-7587(2000)154[0039:PIOLTV]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Biology; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 328QN UT WOS:000087861700007 PM 10856964 ER PT J AU Evans, RN Esslinger, JR Michaels, RS AF Evans, RN Esslinger, JR Michaels, RS TI Development of the filament wound composite motorcase for the compact kinetic energy missile SO SAMPE JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The Compact Kinetic Energy Missile (CKEM) is a technology demonstration program being conducted by the U.S. Army Aviation and Missile Command (AMCOM) as part of the Army After Next (AAN) and Future Combat System (FCS) initiatives. The objective of the CKEM program is to develop and demonstrate a guided hypervelocity missile system that is soft launched front a fixed launcher and is capable of providing high lethality against armored ground vehicles, The CKEM, as presently configured, consists of a composite motorcase with a permanently affixed penetrator that is embedded in and along a major portion of the motor chamber length, The primary design constraint is the desire to deliver 8.8x10(6) ft-lbf (12 MJ) of penetrator kinetic energy at a range of 13,123 ft (4 km)while maintaining sufficient control authority for engaging targets at a range of 1,312 ft (400 m). The propulsion system selected to meet these requirements consists of a non-discardable motor that operates with a boost-coast thrust profile. Additionally, the motorcase must have a high propellant weight fraction (PWF) in order to place the propulsion unit energy into lethal mechanism energy as opposed to carrying parasitic motor weight. This paper will present the CKEM filament wound composite motorcase design methodology and unique fabrication techniques, as well as hydroburst test data. C1 USA, Aviat & Missile Command, Missile Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35809 USA. RP Evans, RN (reprint author), USA, Aviat & Missile Command, Missile Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35809 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAMPE PUBLISHERS PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DRIVE, COVINA, CA 91722 USA SN 0091-1062 J9 SAMPE J JI Sampe J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2000 VL 36 IS 4 BP 42 EP 48 PG 7 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 335NH UT WOS:000088249200010 ER PT J AU Gupta, N Dahmani, R AF Gupta, N Dahmani, R TI AOTF Raman spectrometer for remote detection of explosives SO SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART A-MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE spectrometer; laser light; Raman bands ID PROPELLANT FORMULATIONS; ENERGETIC MATERIALS; SPECTROSCOPY AB A spectrometer based on acousto-optic tunable filters is developed for use in measuring Raman spectra as part of a detection system that is low-cost, reliable, and field-portable. The system is coupled with a fiber optic bundle to carry the excitation laser light to the sample and to collect the Raman scattered light. Spectra of the explosives trinitrotoluene (TNT), cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX), cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine (HMX) and nitroguanidine (NQ) were obtained in very short times and are in good agreement with those taken with conventional Fourier transform Raman spectrometers. Spectra of mixtures of explosives were also obtained and show no overlap of their characteristic Raman bands. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Gupta, N (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Gupta, Neelam/B-8702-2013 NR 11 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 23 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1386-1425 J9 SPECTROCHIM ACTA A JI Spectroc. Acta Pt. A-Molec. Biomolec. Spectr. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 56 IS 8 BP 1453 EP 1456 DI 10.1016/S1386-1425(99)00265-6 PG 4 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 327RC UT WOS:000087805700002 PM 10907876 ER PT J AU Orchowski, J Polly, DW Klemme, WR Oda, I Cunningham, B AF Orchowski, J Polly, DW Klemme, WR Oda, I Cunningham, B TI The effect of kyphosis on the mechanical strength of a long-segment posterior construct using a synthetic model SO SPINE LA English DT Article DE biomechanics; instrumentation; kyphosis; spine ID CALF SPINE MODEL; BIOMECHANICAL ANALYSIS; SCHEUERMANNS DISEASE; INSTRUMENTATION; SCOLIOSIS; FIXATION; FUSION AB Study Design. This experimental study used synthetic spine models to compare the effect of the angle of kyphosis, rod diameter, and hook number on the biomechanical stiffness of a long-segment posterior spinal construct. Objective. To examine the biomechanical effects of incremental kyphosis on variously instrumented long-segment posterior spinal constructs. Summary of Background Data. Euler's formula for loading of curved long columns would suggest that kyphosis has a profound impact on the biomechanical behavior of long-segment posterior spinal constructs. The effects of sagittal contour on the mechanical properties of long-segment posterior spinal constructs have not been well documented. Methods. Kyphotic and straight synthetic spine models were used to test long-segment posterior instrumentation constructs biomechanically while varying rod diameter and the number of hook sites. The synthetic spines, composed of polypropylene vertebral blocks and isoprene elastomer intervertebral spacers, were fabricated with either 0 degrees, 27 degrees, or 53 degrees of sagittal contour. The models were instrumented with 5.5- or 6.35-mm titanium rods, and with either 8 or 12 hooks. The models were loaded from 0 to 300 N in a cyclical ramp fashion using an MTS 858 Bionix testing device testing device. Construct stiffness (force and displacement) during axial compression was determined. Results. Straight model: Changing the hook number from 8 to 12 caused a 32% increase in construct stiffness with the 5.5-mm rod. Changing the rod diameter from 5.5 to 6.35 mm caused a 36% increase in construct stiffness with the 8-hook pattern. Changing both the rods and hooks caused the stiffness to increase 44%. 27 degrees Model: Changing the hook number from 8 to 12 caused a 20% increase in construct stiffness with the 6.5-mm rod. Changing the rod diameter from 5.5 to 6.35 mm caused a 29% increase in construct stiffness with the 12-hook pattern. Changing both the rods and hooks caused the construct stiffness to increase 26%. 53 degrees Model: Changing the hook number from 8 to 12 caused a 14% increase in construct stiffness with the 6.35-mm rod. Changing the rod diameter from 5.5 to 6.35 mm caused a 17% (P < 0.0005) increase in construct stiffness with the 12-hook-pattern. Changing both rods and hooks caused the stiff ness to increase 21%. Summary data on angular kyphosis: Using the same rod diameter and the same number of hooks, and progressing from a straight alignment to 27 degrees of sagittal contour decreased construct stiffness 32%. Going from straight alignment to 53 degrees decreased the stiffness 59.6%. All reported values were statistically significant (P < 0.0005). Conclusions. The biomechanical stiffness of the straight spine was sensitive to both an increase in hook fixation sites and an increase in rod diameter. The kyphotic spines, however, were more sensitive to variations in rod diameter. Although with increasing kyphosis, the optimum instrumentation strategy will maximize both rod diameter and the number of hook sites, instrumented kyphotic spines remain biomechanically "disadvantaged" as compared with nonkyphotic instrumented spines. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Orthopaed Surg Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Union Mem Hosp, Orthopaed Biomech Lab, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Polly, DW (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Orthopaed Surg Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 22 TC 17 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0362-2436 J9 SPINE JI SPINE PD JUL 1 PY 2000 VL 25 IS 13 BP 1644 EP 1648 DI 10.1097/00007632-200007010-00007 PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology; Orthopedics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Orthopedics GA 332FH UT WOS:000088063200006 PM 10870139 ER PT J AU Phillips, JB Williams, AJ Adams, J Elliott, PJ Tortella, FC AF Phillips, JB Williams, AJ Adams, J Elliott, PJ Tortella, FC TI Proteasome inhibitor PS519 reduces infarction and attenuates leukocyte infiltration in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia SO STROKE LA English DT Article DE cerebral ischemia; enzyme inhibitors; neuroprotection; rats ID FACTOR-KAPPA-B; SPINAL-CORD INJURY; ARTERY OCCLUSION; ADHESION MOLECULES; MESSENGER-RNA; CELL-DEATH; TRANSIENT; REPERFUSION; ACTIVATION; EXPRESSION AB Background and Purpose-Reperfusion brain injury after cerebral ischemia is associated with a developing inflammatory response at the site of infarction. Proteasome inhibitors block nuclear factor-kappa B activation and provide antiinflammatory effects in several animal models of peripheral inflammation. We tested the novel proteasome inhibitor PS519 in a rat model of transient focal ischemia to establish its pharmacodynamics as a neuroprotection treatment and related effects on leukocyte infiltration. Methods-Rats were subjected to 2 hours of focal cerebral ischemia by means of the filament method of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo). After either 22 or 70 hours of reperfusion, infarct size was measured and neurological function, electroencephalographic (EEG) activity, and/or neutrophil and macrophage infiltration was quantified. PS519 was administered in a single intravenous bolus at 2 hours after MCAo. In addition, the therapeutic window for PS519 was estimated by delaying treatment for 4 or 6 hours after MCAo. Results-Dose-response analysis of infarct volume at 24 hours revealed that PS519 neuroprotection approached 60%, and clinical evaluations showed significant improvements in neurological function and EEG activity. Neutrophil infiltration at 24 hours was also significantly decreased in cortical and striatal infarcted tissue of PSS519-treated rats. Delaying the PS519 treatment up to 4 hours continued to result in significant neuroprotection. In the 72-hour injury model, infarction was reduced 40% by PS519, and significant improvements in neurological function and EEG recovery were again measured. Considerable reductions in both neutrophil and macrophage infiltration were evident. Conclusions-PS519 mitigates infarction and improves neurological recovery in brain-injured rats, an effect in part caused by a reduction in the leukocyte inflammatory response. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Neurosci, Washington, DC USA. Natl Res Council, Res Assoc Program, Washington, DC 20418 USA. ProScript Inc, Cambridge, MA USA. RP Tortella, FC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Neurosci, Bldg 503,Forest Glen Annex, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 38 TC 140 Z9 145 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0039-2499 J9 STROKE JI Stroke PD JUL PY 2000 VL 31 IS 7 BP 1686 EP 1693 PG 8 WC Clinical Neurology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 331LC UT WOS:000088019700036 PM 10884474 ER PT J AU Ender, MG Martin, L Cotter, DA Kowalewski, BM Defiore, J AF Ender, MG Martin, L Cotter, DA Kowalewski, BM Defiore, J TI Given an opportunity to reach out: Heterogeneous participation in optional service-learning projects SO TEACHING SOCIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meetings of the Midwest-Sociological-Society CY APR, 1997 CL DES MOINES, IA SP Midwest Sociol Soc ID COMMUNITY-SERVICE; STUDENTS; SOCIOLOGY; MOTIVATIONS; VOLUNTEERS; CLASSROOM; DIVERSITY; EDUCATION; OUTCOMES AB Service learning in the local community is a useful and effective pedagogical technique and learning process for students and instructors. We offered an integrated service-learning option in a variety of sociology courses and assessed socio-demographic and other student characteristics to explore differences between participants and nonparticipants. We surveyed undergraduates (N = 413) from across the academic spectrum and enrolled in sociology courses at a large state university. The results contradict previous findings: we found heterogeneous participation in the service-learning project; no statistical association between prior and current service; commuter status and employment appear to influence student decisions to opt; and non-social science majors are more likely to participate than social science majors. Confirming previous studies, males are less likely to participate than females. Research in sociology shows strong support for service learning in passing on sociology. Results suggest students' other life demands should be taken into account when implementing a service-learning option. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Behav Sci & Leadership, West Point, NY 10996 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Union Coll, Schenectady, NY 12308 USA. Univ Washington, Bothell, WA USA. RP US Mil Acad, Dept Behav Sci & Leadership, West Point, NY 10996 USA. EM morten-ender@usma.edu NR 40 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0092-055X EI 1939-862X J9 TEACH SOCIOL JI Teach. Sociol. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 28 IS 3 BP 206 EP 219 DI 10.2307/1318990 PG 14 WC Education & Educational Research; Sociology SC Education & Educational Research; Sociology GA 335YT UT WOS:000088275400004 ER PT J AU Godfrey, TA AF Godfrey, TA TI A thermomechanical instability in the high rate extension of textile fibers SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID GLASSY-POLYMERS AB The effect of thermomechanical coupling arising from fiber plasticity on the stability of homogeneous straining deformation in fibers extended at high strain rates is investigated using a simple analytical approach. A constitutive model is assumed for the fiber's plastic deformation, incorporating linear thermal softening and linear strain hardening. The behavior of solutions to the coupled equations of motion and energy balance under adiabatic conditions is studied for small initial disturbances to the velocity field associated with homogeneous straining. Homogeneous straining motion is shown to be stable for particular values of a parameter involving the fiber's thermophysical and constitutive properties. For other values of the parameter, unstable strain localization lending to fiber rupture is demonstrated to be likely. The implications of these results with regard to high strain rate behavior of textile materials are discussed. C1 USA, Soldier & Biol Chem Command, Natick Soldier Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Godfrey, TA (reprint author), USA, Soldier & Biol Chem Command, Natick Soldier Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU TEXTILE RESEARCH INST PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 625, PRINCETON, NJ 08540 USA SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 70 IS 7 BP 646 EP 652 DI 10.1177/004051750007000714 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA 329QW UT WOS:000087920100014 ER PT J AU Poli, MA Musser, SM Dickey, RW Eilers, PP Hall, S AF Poli, MA Musser, SM Dickey, RW Eilers, PP Hall, S TI Neurotoxic shellfish poisoning and brevetoxin metabolites: a case study from Florida SO TOXICON LA English DT Article ID ELIMINATION; PBTX-3; RATS AB In June of 1996, three family members were diagnosed as suffering From neurotoxic shellfish poisoning (NSP) as a result of eating shellfish harvested from Sarasota Bay, Florida. Urine from two of these patients and extracts of shellfish collected from the same location were analyzed by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and by receptor binding assay. Activity consistent with brevetoxins was present in both urine and shellfish extracts. High performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) analysis of shellfish extracts demonstrated multiple fractions recognized by specific anti-brevetoxin antibodies, suggesting metabolic conversion of parent brevetoxins. Affinity-purification of these extracts yielded four major peaks of activity. One peak was identified by HPLC-mass spectroscopy (HPLC-MS) to be PbTx-3, which was likely produced metabolically from the dominant parent toxin PbTx-2. No PbTx-2, however, was detected. Other peaks of activity were determined to consist of compounds of apparent masses of [M + H](+) of 1018, 1034, and 1005. These higher masses are suggestive of conjugated metabolites, but their structures have yet to be determined. The material associated with these latter three peaks were recognized by both RIA and receptor binding assay, but they quantitated differently. This finding suggests that these metabolites react differently in the two assays, and this result may have important implications for seafood safety and regulation. We suggest these metabolites to be the true cause of NSP. and they should be taken into account Juring regulatory testing. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Toxinol Div, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Washington, DC 20204 USA. US FDA, Gulf Coast Res Lab, Dauphin Isl, AL 36528 USA. RP Poli, MA (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Toxinol Div, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 10 TC 93 Z9 97 U1 4 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0041-0101 J9 TOXICON JI Toxicon PD JUL PY 2000 VL 38 IS 7 BP 981 EP 993 DI 10.1016/S0041-0101(99)00191-9 PG 13 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 287UJ UT WOS:000085524600008 PM 10728835 ER PT J AU Katz, DS Scheer, M Lumerman, JH Mellinger, BC Stillman, CA Lane, MJ AF Katz, DS Scheer, M Lumerman, JH Mellinger, BC Stillman, CA Lane, MJ TI Alternative or additional diagnoses on unenhanced helical computed tomography for suspected renal colic: Experience with 1000 consecutive examinations SO UROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACUTE FLANK PAIN; CT; MANAGEMENT AB Objectives. To determine the incidence and spectrum of significant alternative or additional diagnoses established or suggested on unenhanced helical computed tomography (CT) in a large series of patients with suspected renal colic. Methods. One thousand consecutive unenhanced helical CT examinations were performed for suspected renal colic. All official CT reports were retrospectively reviewed, which was followed by review of all available relevant follow-up radiology reports. A selected image and chart review was also performed. Results. Ureteral calculi were identified on 557 examinations, findings consistent with a recently passed stone were discovered on 67 examinations, and 275 CT examinations were unremarkable. An alternative or additional diagnosis was established or suggested on 101 examinations, including in 26 patients with concurrent ureteral calculi, There were 62 genitourinary and 39 nongenitourinary tract diagnoses. Eighty-seven of the diagnoses could be confirmed on retrospective image review combined with patient follow-up. There were two false-positive diagnoses for significant, alternative pathologic findings. Conclusions. A wide spectrum of significant, alternative, and additional genitourinary and nongenitourinary diagnoses can be reliably established or suggested on unenhanced helical CT performed for suspected renal colic. These abnormalities were identified in 10% of cases in this series of 1000 consecutive CT examinations. UROLOGY 56: 53-57, 2000. (C) 2000, Elsevier Science Inc. C1 Winthrop Univ Hosp, Dept Radiol, Mineola, NY 11501 USA. Winthrop Univ Hosp, Dept Urol, Mineola, NY 11501 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Katz, DS (reprint author), Winthrop Univ Hosp, Dept Radiol, 259 1st St, Mineola, NY 11501 USA. NR 13 TC 87 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0090-4295 J9 UROLOGY JI UROLOGY PD JUL PY 2000 VL 56 IS 1 BP 53 EP 57 DI 10.1016/S0090-4295(00)00584-7 PG 5 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 329HB UT WOS:000087900600017 PM 10869622 ER PT J AU Hart, MK Caswell-Stephan, K Bakken, R Tammariello, R Pratt, W Davis, N Johnston, RE Smith, J Steele, K AF Hart, MK Caswell-Stephan, K Bakken, R Tammariello, R Pratt, W Davis, N Johnston, RE Smith, J Steele, K TI Improved mucosal protection against Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus is induced by the molecularly defined, live-attenuated V3526 vaccine candidate SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus; vaccine; immunity ID BALB/C MICE; INFECTION; AEROSOL; IMMUNIZATION; MUTATIONS; MUTANTS; C3H/HEN AB The generically engineered, live-attenuated Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) virus vaccine candidate, V3526, was evaluated as a replacement for the TC-83 virus vaccine. Protection from lethal subcutaneous or aerosol challenge was evaluated in vaccinated mice clinically and immunohistochemically. Subcutaneous administration of V3526 induced systemic and mucosal protection more efficiently than did the TC-83 vaccine. The bronchial IgA responses induced in mice by subcutaneous administration of vaccines significantly corresponded to the ability to survive aerosol challenge with virulent virus. Furthermore, V3526 delivered by aerosol induced more complete mucosal protection than either vaccine administered subcutaneously. The ability of V3526 to induce protection in mice warrants its consideration for further testing as a potential vaccine candidate for human use. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Toxicol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Pathol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Hart, MK (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 17 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD JUL 1 PY 2000 VL 18 IS 26 BP 3067 EP 3075 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(00)00042-6 PG 9 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 329DC UT WOS:000087890000020 PM 10825611 ER PT J AU Accashian, JV Smets, BF Kim, BJ AF Accashian, JV Smets, BF Kim, BJ TI Aerobic biodegradation of nitroglycerin in a sequencing batch reactor SO WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE nitroglycerin; biodegradation; denitration; sequencing batch reactor; nitrate ester; glycerol dinitrate; glycerol trinitrate; glycerol mononitrate ID GLYCEROL TRINITRATE; PENTAERYTHRITOL TETRANITRATE; AGROBACTERIUM-RADIOBACTER; BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT; DEGRADATION; DENITRATION; MECHANISMS; GROWTH; CELLS AB Biological treatment of nitroglycerin (glycerol trinitrate [GTN]) by a mixed microbial culture was examined under aerobic conditions in a bench-scale sequencing batch reactor with GTN present as a minor component in the feed. Initial operation demonstrated the. resistance of GTN and glycerol dinitrates (GDNs) to microbial attack. The presence of GTN and GDNs adversely affected microbial activity, reflected by erratic mixed liquor suspended solids concentrations and low chemical oxygen demand removal efficiencies. Complete removal of GTN and GDNs was contingent on addition of a GTN-adapted inoculum. Transient accumulation and subsequent removal of 1,2-GDN, 1,3-GDN, and nitrite were measured during individual reaction cycles. Complete mineralization of GTN was confirmed and GDN denitration was the rate limiting step governing GTN mineralization. C1 Univ Connecticut, Environm Engn Program, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. USA, Construct Engn Res Lab, Champaign, IL 61824 USA. RP Smets, BF (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Environm Engn Program, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. NR 20 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 USA SN 1061-4303 J9 WATER ENVIRON RES JI Water Environ. Res. PD JUL-AUG PY 2000 VL 72 IS 4 BP 499 EP 506 DI 10.2175/106143000X138058 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 487FK UT WOS:000171862800016 ER PT J AU Medina, VF Larson, SL Bergstedt, AE McCutcheon, SC AF Medina, VF Larson, SL Bergstedt, AE McCutcheon, SC TI Phyto-removal of trinitrotoluene from water with batch kinetic studies SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE phyto-remediation; trinitrotoluene; groundwater contamination; Myriophyllum aquaticum; parrotfeather; munitions ID PLANT; TNT; DISPOSITION; PRODUCTS AB A series of batch reactor studies were conducted to obtain kinetic data for optimizing phyto-treatment of water contaminated with trinitrotoluene (TNT). A plant screening study indicated that stonewort and parrotfeather were the most effective among the plants tested; parrotfeather being chosen for further testing because it is heartier and easier to cultivate than stonewort. Treatment was reproducible under similar conditions, and sequential formation and breakdown of aminodinitrotoluene (ADNT) and diaminonitrotoluene (DANT) were observed in the aqueous phase. TNT removal rates increased with increased plant density. and removal kinetics increased with increasing temperature up to 34 degrees C. Michaelis-Menton kinetics applied to the phyto-removal of TNT. At concentrations less than 5.5 mg/l TNT, a pseudo-first-order approximation of the Michealis-Menton equation was used with acceptable deviation. Prior exposure to TNT did not appear to have a significant effect on phyto-transformation rates, suggesting that the mechanisms for removal were not induced. Small concentrations of ADNT were found in the plant material, however, TNT was not detected. The results indicated that optimized reactors for the phyto-treatment of contaminated wastewater and groundwater are feasible, increasing degradation rates and decreasing reactor volumes. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Richland, WA 99335 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Medina, VF (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 2710 Univ Dr, Richland, WA 99335 USA. NR 23 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 34 IS 10 BP 2713 EP 2722 DI 10.1016/S0043-1354(00)00021-X PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 321CD UT WOS:000087436600010 ER PT J AU Fontijn, A Goumri, A Fernandez, A Anderson, WR Meagher, NE AF Fontijn, A Goumri, A Fernandez, A Anderson, WR Meagher, NE TI Kinetics of the O(P-3)+N2O reaction. 1. Direct measurements at intermediate temperatures SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID NITROUS-OXIDE; N2O; DECOMPOSITION; PRESSURE; COMBUSTION AB Rate coefficients for the consumption of O atoms by their reaction with N2O have been measured, at pressures from 130 to 500 mbar, using the high-temperature photochemistry technique. These represent the first direct measurements of k values of the reaction. The ground-state oxygen atoms were produced by laser photolysis of SO2, or by flash photolysis of either SO2 or O-2, and monitored by time-resolved resonance fluorescence. The results yield k(1075-1140 K) = 3.2 x 10(-11) exp(-9686K/T) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) with 2 sigma precision limits of +/-12% and corresponding 2 sigma accuracy limits of +/-26%. Results from several sources in the literature indicate a high sensitivity of the O + N2O reaction system to traces of H2O, which increases the rates if present as a contaminant. For this reason, possible effects of traces of H2O on the results were modeled. Simulated decay curves with a hypothetical H2O contaminant were used as a test of the experimental data reduction procedures. Although the concentration of H2O needed to significantly affect the results is small, the amount that could have been present is even less and is shown to have had negligible effects. The results are in qualitative agreement with a recent T greater than or equal to 1680 K shock tube study (D. F. Davidson, M. D. DiRosa, A. Y. Chang, and R. K. Hanson, ref 9) in that extrapolation of their results to the present temperatures indicates rate coefficients much larger than had been previously thought. However, though the results agree within error limits for such a long extrapolation, the present results are about a factor of 4 smaller. Combined with the results of the companion paper by Meagher and Anderson (ref 6, following paper in this issue), in which the prior literature is critically reevaluated, it is found that the O-2 + N-2 product channel dominates at the present temperatures. C1 Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Isermann Dept Chem Engn, High Temp React Kinet Lab, Troy, NY 12180 USA. USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Fontijn, A (reprint author), Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Isermann Dept Chem Engn, High Temp React Kinet Lab, Troy, NY 12180 USA. NR 29 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JUN 29 PY 2000 VL 104 IS 25 BP 6003 EP 6012 DI 10.1021/jp994470v PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 330LB UT WOS:000087962600015 ER PT J AU Meagher, NE Anderson, WR AF Meagher, NE Anderson, WR TI Kinetics of the O(P-3)+N2O reaction. 2. Interpretation and recommended rate coefficients SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID NITROUS-OXIDE DECOMPOSITION; SHOCK-TUBE; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; N2O; NO; PARTICIPATION; COMBUSTION; PRESSURE; OXYGEN AB The reaction O(P-3) + N2O is important to models of NOx pollutant and propellant chemistry and to the understanding of the thermal decomposition of N2O, which has historically played a key role in the development of unimolecular reaction theory. The reaction has two important product channels: O + N2O --> NO + NO (Delta H-0 = -36 kcal/mol) (R1); O + N2O --> O-2 + Nz (Delta H-0 = -79 kcal/mol) (R2). Rate coefficients of these reactions have been the subject of several reviews. However, clear reasons why many of the evaluated, nonretained data differ from recommendations have not previously been known. There has been a great deal of controversy over the rate coefficients, particularly for reaction R2. Here, the relevant data are critically evaluated using detailed chemical modeling as an important tool. The results explain many of the discrepancies. Some of the data of central importance in earlier evaluations are shown to be incorrect. Additionally, some important features of the global behavior of the mixtures studied, which had previously not been understood, are explained, and the possible effects of hypothetical H2O contamination on N2O shock tube studies was quantitatively investigated. It is shown that the bulk of the rate coefficient results remaining after the evaluations can be combined with the intermediate temperature results for k(tot) = k(1) + k(2) from FGFAM (Fontijn, A.; Goumri, A.; Fernandez, A.; Anderson, W. R.; Meagher, N. E. J. Phys. Chem., preceding paper in this issue) to obtain fitted recommendations: k(1) = 1.52 x 10(-10) exp(-13 930/T) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) (1370-4080 K); k(2) = 6.13 x 10(-12) exp(-8,020/T) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) (1075-3340 K). Until recently, it was believed rate coefficients of the two product channels were approximately equal over a very wide temperature range. In contrast, the present study has led to the conclusion that reaction R2 dominates below, and reaction R1 above, 1840 K. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Anderson, WR (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 74 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JUN 29 PY 2000 VL 104 IS 25 BP 6013 EP 6031 DI 10.1021/jp994471n PG 19 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 330LB UT WOS:000087962600016 ER PT J AU Jensen, JO Zeroka, D Banerjee, A AF Jensen, JO Zeroka, D Banerjee, A TI Theoretical studies of the infrared and Raman spectra of P4S3 and P4S7 SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE-THEOCHEM LA English DT Article DE vibrations; normal mode frequencies; infrared spectra; Raman spectra; tetraphosphorus trisulfide; tetraphosphorus heptasulfide AB The normal mode frequencies and the corresponding vibrational assignments of tetraphosphorus trisulfide (P4S3) in C-3v symmetry and tetraphosphorus heptasulfide (P4S7) in C-2v symmetry are examined theoretically using the GAUSSIAN 94 set of quantum chemistry codes at the HF/6-31G*, MP2/6-31G* and DFT/B3LYP/6-31G* levels of theory. By comparison to experimental normal mode frequencies deduced by Gardner [M. Gardner, J. Chem. Sec., Dalton Trans. (1973) 691-696] correction factors for predominant vibrational motions are determined and compared. Normal modes were decomposed into five nonredundant motions (P-S-P symmetric stretch, P-S-P asymmetric stretch, P-P stretch, P-S-P bend, and P-S-P wag} for P4S3 and seven nonredundant motions {P=S stretch, P=S wag, P-S-P symmetric stretch, P-S-P asymmetric stretch, P-P stretch, P-S-P bend, and P-S-P wag} for P3S7 Standard deviations found for the DFT and MP2 corrected frequencies compared to experiment are particularly noteworthy yielding values of 4 and 5 cm(-1), respectively, for P4S3 and 7 and 9 cm(-1), respectively, for P4S7 (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lehigh Univ, Dept Chem, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. USA, Edsgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Lehigh Univ, Dept Chem, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. EM james.jensen@sbccom.apgea.army.mil; dz00@lehigh.edu; axbanerj@cmail.apgea.army.mil NR 36 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-1280 J9 J MOL STRUC-THEOCHEM JI Theochem-J. Mol. Struct. PD JUN 26 PY 2000 VL 505 BP 31 EP 43 DI 10.1016/S0166-1280(99)00332-2 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 330EJ UT WOS:000087949600004 ER PT J AU Wongsrichanalai, C Thimasarn, K Sirichaisinthop, J AF Wongsrichanalai, C Thimasarn, K Sirichaisinthop, J TI Antimalarial drug combination policy: a caveat SO LANCET LA English DT Editorial Material ID RESISTANT FALCIPARUM-MALARIA; IN-VITRO ACTIVITY; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; ARTEMISININ DERIVATIVES; THAILAND C1 Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Immunol, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Minist Publ Hlth, Dept Communicable Dis Control, Nonthaburi, Thailand. Minist Publ Hlth, Dept Communicable Dis Control, Off Vector Borne Dis Control 1, Malaria Div, Saraburi, Thailand. RP Wongsrichanalai, C (reprint author), Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Immunol, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. NR 20 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JUN 24 PY 2000 VL 355 IS 9222 BP 2245 EP 2247 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)02416-8 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 327DX UT WOS:000087779000042 PM 10881909 ER PT J AU de Almeida, VF Derby, JJ AF de Almeida, VF Derby, JJ TI Construction of solution curves for large two-dimensional problems of steady-state flows of incompressible fluids SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE incompressible and viscous fluids; Navier-Stokes equations; parameter continuation; path following; factorization of large unsymmetric sparse matrices; lid driven cavity ID MATERIALS PROCESSING SYSTEMS; ALGORITHMS; EQUATIONS; REDUCTION; PROFILE AB This work represents a step toward advancing classical methods of bifurcation analysis in conjunction with very large-scale scientific computing needed to model realistically processes which involve laminar and steady flows of incompressible fluids. A robust method of analysis based on pseudoarclength continuation, Newton's method, and direct solution of linear systems is proposed and applied to the analysis of a representative system of fluid mechanics, namely the tilted lid driven cavity. Accurate solution curves, possessing simple singular points, were computed for Reynolds numbers varying from 0 to 10,000 and for different angles of tilt. The results demonstrate that two-dimensional models with up to 1,000,000 algebraic equations can be studied feasibly using the methods described here with state-of-the-art vector supercomputers. C1 USA, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, High Performance Comp Res Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Supercomp Inst, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP de Almeida, VF (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Derby, Jeffrey/B-9706-2009; de Almeida, Valmor/P-5498-2016; OI de Almeida, Valmor/0000-0003-0899-695X; Derby, Jeffrey/0000-0001-6418-2155 NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PD JUN 23 PY 2000 VL 22 IS 1 BP 285 EP 311 DI 10.1137/S1064827598334514 PG 27 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 334BP UT WOS:000088165500014 ER PT J AU Saini, SS Johnson, FG Stone, DR Shen, H Zhou, W Dagenais, M AF Saini, SS Johnson, FG Stone, DR Shen, H Zhou, W Dagenais, M TI Passive active resonant coupler platform with tapered passive waveguide SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHOTONIC INTEGRATED-CIRCUITS AB The authors demonstrate an ultra-compact, low-loss vertical mode transfer between a 1.55 mu m InGaAsP QW active waveguide and a well-confined passive waveguide using a 100 mu m long taper on both the active and passive waveguide. The radiation loss during the transfer was measured to be less than 0.5dB. The device was fabricated using a single epitaxial growth and conventional fabrication schemes. This approach will improve the new platform technology for integrating active and passive photonic devices reported earlier. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Lab Phys Sci, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Saini, SS (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD JUN 22 PY 2000 VL 36 IS 13 BP 1153 EP 1155 DI 10.1049/el:20000808 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 330VD UT WOS:000087981100040 ER PT J AU Salazar, AM Warden, DL Schwab, K Spector, J Braverman, S Walter, J Cole, R Rosner, MM Martin, EM Ecklund, J Ellenbogen, RG AF Salazar, AM Warden, DL Schwab, K Spector, J Braverman, S Walter, J Cole, R Rosner, MM Martin, EM Ecklund, J Ellenbogen, RG CA Defense Vet Head Injury Program DV TI Cognitive rehabilitation for traumatic brain injury - A randomized trial SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID MILITARY MEDICAL SYSTEM; HEAD-INJURY; BENEFIT AB Context Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a principal cause of death and disability in young adults. Rehabilitation for TBI has not received the same level of scientific scrutiny for efficacy and cost-efficiency that is expected in other medical fields. Objective To evaluate the efficacy of inpatient cognitive rehabilitation for patients with TBI. Design and Setting Single-center, parallel-group, randomized trial conducted from January 1992 through February 1997 at a US military medical referral center. Patients One hundred twenty active-duty military personnel who had sustained a moderate-to-severe closed head injury, manifested by a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 13 or less, or posttraumatic amnesia lasting at least 24 hours, or focal cerebral contusion or hemorrhage on computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. Interventions Patients were randomly assigned to an intensive, standardized, 8-week, in-hospital cognitive rehabilitation program (n=67) or a limited home rehabilitation program with weekly telephone support from a psychiatric nurse (n=53). Main Outcome Measures Return to gainful employment and fitness for military duty at 1-year follow-up, compared by intervention group. Results At 1-year follow-up, there was no significant difference between patients who had received the intensive in-hospital cognitive rehabilitation program vs the limited home rehabilitation program in return to employment (90% vs 94%, respectively; P=.51; difference, 4% [95% confidence interval {CI}, -5% to 14%]) or fitness for duty (73% vs 66%,respectively; P=.43; difference, 7% [95% CI, -10% to 24%]). There also were no significant differences in cognitive, behavioral, or quality-of-life measures. In a post-hoc subset analysis of patients who were unconscious for more than 1 hour (n=75) following TBI, the in-hospital group had a greater return-to-duty rate (80% vs 58%; P=.05). Conclusions In this study, the overall benefit of in-hospital cognitive rehabilitation for patients with moderate-to-severe TBI was similar to that of home rehabilitation. These findings emphasize the importance of conducting randomized trials to evaluate TBI rehabilitation interventions. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Def & Vet Head Injury Program, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn, Def & Vet Head Injury Program, Rockville, MD USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Salazar, AM (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Def & Vet Head Injury Program, Bldg 1,Room B210, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 33 TC 132 Z9 135 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 21 PY 2000 VL 283 IS 23 BP 3075 EP 3081 DI 10.1001/jama.283.23.3075 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 323PV UT WOS:000087574900031 PM 10865301 ER PT J AU Jin, F Khurgin, JB Wang, CC Trivedi, S Gabay, Y Gad, E Temple, DA Hommerich, UH AF Jin, F Khurgin, JB Wang, CC Trivedi, S Gabay, Y Gad, E Temple, DA Hommerich, UH TI Displacement measurement that uses transient photoelectromotive force effects in CdTe : V with frequency-modulated lasers SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID GAAS ADAPTIVE PHOTODETECTORS; PHOTOCONDUCTIVE SEMICONDUCTORS; DISTANCE MEASUREMENT; DIODE; GRATINGS; LIGHT; EMF; CR AB A new method of displacement measurement that uses the transient photoelectromotive force effects that arise in semiconductors illuminated by two frequency-modulated lasers is proposed and demonstrated experimentally. A height resolution of 0.85 mu m was achieved experimentally; theoretical analysis charts the path toward eventual improvement of this resolution. (C) 2000 Optical Society of America. OCIS codes: 120.3180, 120.0280, 280.3400, 160.5320, 040.5350. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Brimrose Corp, Baltimore, MD 21236 USA. USA, Space & Missile Def Command, Huntsville, AL 35907 USA. Hampton Univ, Dept Phys, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. RP Jin, F (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM fjin@ece.jhu.edu RI khurgin, Jacob/A-3278-2010 NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUN 20 PY 2000 VL 39 IS 18 BP 3138 EP 3142 DI 10.1364/AO.39.003138 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 325GV UT WOS:000087668600019 PM 18345244 ER PT J AU Li, SD Aufiero, B Schiltz, RL Walsh, MJ AF Li, SD Aufiero, B Schiltz, RL Walsh, MJ TI Regulation of the homeodomain CCAAT displacement/cut protein function by histone acetyltransferases p300/CREB-binding protein (CBP)-associated factor and CBP SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR RECEPTOR COACTIVATOR; DNA-BINDING; CUT REPEATS; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; GENE PROMOTER; ACETYLATION; DROSOPHILA; EXPRESSION; ACTIVATION; REPRESSION AB The CCAAT displacement protein/cut homologue (CDP/cut) is a divergent homeodomain protein that is highly conserved through evolution and has properties of a potent transcriptional repressor. CDP/cut contains three conserved cut-repeat domains and a conserved homeobox, each involved in directing binding specificity to unique nucleotide sequence elements. Furthermore, CDP/cut may play a role as a structural component of chromatin through its direct interaction with nucleosomal DNA and association with nuclear matrix attachment regions. CDP/cut is cell-cycle regulated through interactions with Rb, p107, specific kinases and phosphatases directing the transcriptional activity of CDP/cut on such genes encoding p21(WAF1,CIP1), c-myc, thymidine kinase, and histones. Our previous studies indicate that CDP/cut is associated with histone deacetylase activity and is associated with a corepressor complex through interactions with histone deacetylases, Here, we report the interaction of CDP/cut with CBP and p300/ CREB-binding protein-associated factor (PCAF) along with the modification of CDP/cut by the histone acetyltransferase PCAF, Acetylation of CDP/cut by PCAF is directed at conserved lysine residues near the homeodomain region and regulates CDP/cut function. These observations are consistent with the ability of CDP/cut to regulate genes as a transcriptional repressor, suggesting acetylation as a mechanism that regulates CDP/cut function. C1 NYU, Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Pediat, New York, NY 10029 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Immunol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NICHHD, Lab Mol Growth Regulation, Sect Eukaryot Transcript Regulat, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Walsh, MJ (reprint author), NYU, Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Pediat, 1 Gustave L Levy Pl, New York, NY 10029 USA. NR 41 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUN 20 PY 2000 VL 97 IS 13 BP 7166 EP 7171 DI 10.1073/pnas.130028697 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 327UH UT WOS:000087811600045 PM 10852958 ER PT J AU Whalen, CC Nsubuga, P Okwera, A Johnson, JL Hom, DL Michael, NL Mugerwa, RD Ellner, JJ AF Whalen, CC Nsubuga, P Okwera, A Johnson, JL Hom, DL Michael, NL Mugerwa, RD Ellner, JJ TI Impact of pulmonary tuberculosis on survival of HIV-infected adults: a prospective epidemiologic study in Uganda SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV-1; tuberculosis; survival; Africa; prospective cohort study ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; DISEASE PROGRESSION; IMMUNE ACTIVATION; IN-VITRO; REPLICATION; EXPRESSION; THERAPY; COHORT AB Background: Retrospective cohort studies of tuberculosis suggest that active tuberculosis accelerates the progression of HIV infection. The validity of these findings has been questioned because of their retrospective design, -diverse study populations, variable compliance with anti-tuberculous therapy and use of anti-retroviral medication. To assess the impact of tuberculosis on survival in HIV infection we performed a prospective study among HIV-infected Ugandan adults with and without tuberculosis. Methods: In a prospective cohort study, 230 patients with HIV-associated tuberculosis and 442 HIV-infected subjects without tuberculosis were followed for a mean duration of 19 months for survival. To assess changes in viral load over 1 year, 20 pairs of tuberculosis cases and controls were selected and matched according to baseline CD4 lymphocyte count, age, sex and tuberculin skin test status. Results: During the follow-up period, 63 out of of 230 tuberculosis cases (28%) died compared with 85 out of 442 controls (19%), with a crude risk ratio of 1.4 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.07-1.87]. Most deaths occurred in patients with CD4 lymphocyte counts < 200 x 10(6) cells/l at baseline (n = 99) and occurred with similar frequency in the tuberculosis cases (46%) and the controls (44%). When the CD4 lymphocyte count was > 200 x 10(6) /l, however, the relative risk of death in HIV-associated tuberculosis was 2.1 (195% CI, 1.27-3.62) compared with subjects without tuberculosis. For subjects with a CD4 lymphocyte count > 200 X 10(6)/l, the 1-year survival proportion was slightly lower in the cases than in the controls (0.91 versus 0.96), but by 2 years the survival proportion was significantly lower in the cases than in the controls (0.84 versus 0.91; P<0.02; log-rank test). For subjects with a CD4 lymphocyte count of 200 x 10(6) cells/l or fewer, the survival proportion at 1 year for the controls was lower than cases (0.59 versus 0.64), but this difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.53; logrank test). After adjusting for age, sex, tuberculin skin test status, CD4 lymphocyte count, and history of HIV-related infections, the overall relative hazard for death associated with tuberculosis was 1.81 (95% CI, 1.24-2.65). In a nested Cox regression model, the relative hazard for death was 3.0 (95% CI, 1.62-5.63) for subjects with CD4 lymphocyte counts > 200 x 10(6)/l and 1.5 (95% CI, 0.99-2.40) for subjects with a CD4 lymphocyte count of 200 x 10(6)/l or fewer. Conclusion: The findings from this prospective study indicate that active tuberculosis exerts its greatest effect on survival in the early stages of HIV infection, when there is a reserve capacity of the host immune response. These observations provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of latent tuberculous infection in HIV-infected persons. (C) 2000 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins . C1 Case Western Reserve Univ, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Makerere Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Kampala, Uganda. Uganda Minist Hlth, Natl TB & Leprosy Control Programme, Kampala, Uganda. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Retrovirol, Rockville, MD USA. RP Whalen, CC (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, WG-49,10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. FU FIC NIH HHS [TW-00011, D43 TW000011-13S1, D43 TW000011]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI32414, R01 AI032414] NR 41 TC 133 Z9 137 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD JUN 16 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 9 BP 1219 EP 1228 DI 10.1097/00002030-200006160-00020 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 326KY UT WOS:000087735700020 PM 10894287 ER PT J AU Epperly, TD Moore, KE AF Epperly, TD Moore, KE TI Health issues in men: Part I. Common genitourinary disorders SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Article ID BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA; PREMATURE EJACULATION; CANCER; THERAPY AB Common genitourinary health issues that arise in the care of male patients include prostatitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia, urogenital cancers, premature ejaculation and erectile dysfunction. Bacterial infections are responsible for only 5 to 10 percent of prostatitis cases. Benign prostatic hyperplasia is present in 90 percent of men by the age of 85. Common urogenital cancers include prostate cancer, transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder and testicular cancer Although an estimated 10 percent of men eventually develop prostate cancer, screening for this malignancy is one of the most controversial areas of health prevention. Premature ejaculation occurs in as many as 40 percent of men. Treatment with tricyclic: antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, counseling or behavioral therapy may be helpful. Erectile dysfunction affects up to 30 percent of men between 40 and 70 years of age. Stepped therapy is a useful approach to this common malady. Good treatment results have been obtained with orally administered sildenafil and intraurethrally administered alprostadil. C1 Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Dept Family & Community Med, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. RP Epperly, TD (reprint author), Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Dept Family & Community Med, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 USA SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD JUN 15 PY 2000 VL 61 IS 12 BP 3657 EP 3664 PG 8 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 327TZ UT WOS:000087810700013 PM 10892636 ER PT J AU Xu, LL Shanmugam, N Segawa, T Sesterhenn, IA McLeod, DG Moul, JW Srivastava, S AF Xu, LL Shanmugam, N Segawa, T Sesterhenn, IA McLeod, DG Moul, JW Srivastava, S TI A novel androgen-regulated gene, PMEPA1, located on chromosome 20q13 exhibits high level expression in prostate SO GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID COMPARATIVE GENOMIC HYBRIDIZATION; RAT VENTRAL PROSTATE; CELL-LINE LNCAP; CANCER; RECEPTOR; REGIONS; GAINS; ARM; RNA AB Biologic effects of androgen on target cells are mediated in part by transcriptional regulation of androgen-regulated genes (ARGs) by androgen receptor. Using serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE), we have identified a comprehensive repertoire of ARGs in LNCaP cells, One of the SAGE-derived tags exhibiting homology to an expressed sequence tag was maximally induced in response to synthetic androgen R1881 treatment, The open reading frame of the androgen induced RNA (PMEPA1) was characterized as a 759-bp nucleotide sequence coding for a 252-amino-acid protein. The analysis of PMEPA1 protein sequence indicated the existence of a type Ib transmembrane domain between residues 9 and 25. Analysis of multiple-tissue Northern blots revealed the highest level of PMEPA1 expression in prostate tissue. PMEPA1 expression was predominately detected in glandular epithelial cells of prostate by in situ hybridization analysis, The expression of PMEPA1 in LNCaP cells was induced by androgen in a time- and dose-specific manner. Evaluation of PMEPA1 expression in androgen-dependent/independent tumors of the CWR22 xenograft model revealed that PMEPA1 was overexpressed in three of four androgen-independent tumor tissues. These observations define PMEPA1 as a novel androgen-regulated gene exhibiting abundant expression in prostate tissue. The increased expression of PMEPA1 in relapsed tumors of the CWR22 model suggests activation of androgen signaling in hormone refractory disease. PMEPA1, along with other highly androgen-induced prostate-specific genes, has potential to serve as an androgen signaling read-out biomarker in prostate tissue. (C) 2000 Academic Press. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Ctr Prostate Dis Res, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Genitourinary Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Urol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Srivastava, S (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Ctr Prostate Dis Res, 1530 E Jefferson St, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. NR 27 TC 82 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0888-7543 J9 GENOMICS JI Genomics PD JUN 15 PY 2000 VL 66 IS 3 BP 257 EP 263 DI 10.1006/geno.2000.6214 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 331VH UT WOS:000088039000004 PM 10873380 ER PT J AU Overland, JE McNutt, SL Groves, J Salo, S Andreas, EL Persson, POG AF Overland, JE McNutt, SL Groves, J Salo, S Andreas, EL Persson, POG TI Regional sensible and radiative heat flux estimates for the winter Arctic during the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean (SHEBA) experiment SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID SEA-ICE; ENERGY BUDGETS; BEAUFORT SEA; TEMPERATURE; LEADS; COEFFICIENTS; POLYNYAS; PACK AB We estimate the influence of the mosaic distribution of surface temperatures of sea ice on regional surface sensible and radiative heat fluxes on the basis of advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) temperatures. The AVHRR data were used to derive similar to 1 km(2) surface temperature values for 100 x 100 km(2) regions. Regional flux estimates are compared to direct flux measurements taken during the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean (SHEBA) experiment in the Beaufort Sea. We describe 48 cases of clear-sky conditions between December 1997 and February 1998. The distribution of surface temperatures within each region is skewed: most temperatures fall near the value observed at the ice camp, but the distribution has a warm tail corresponding to subregions with thinner ice. Sensible heat fluxes at the ice camp were downward, from the air to the ice; Although the camp was representative of the majority of the region, the upward flux from thin ice generally balanced the downward flux to thicker ice, suggesting a regional equilibrium of near-zero sensible heat flux. This was true whether the net downward flux at the camp was large or small or whether the ice was less compact, as in January, or more compact, as in December and February. The only exception to this generalization occurred when the ice was under strong compression. The net regional radiative loss from the ice surface was similar to 22% greater than that measured on the flee at the SHEBA camp. This increase is due to the fourth-power temperature dependence of the radiative flux acting on the skewed distribution of surface temperatures. The implications for modeling are that sea ice tends toward small net surface sensible heat flux on an aggregate scale, an emergent property of the system, and that parameterizing the regional mosaic of surface temperatures to resolve correctly the radiative balance in winter is important. C1 NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NOAA, CIRES, ETL, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK USA. RP Overland, JE (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 21 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JUN 15 PY 2000 VL 105 IS C6 BP 14093 EP 14102 DI 10.1029/1999JC000010 PG 10 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 324NB UT WOS:000087627300011 ER PT J AU Gelmont, BL Woolard, DL Crowe, TW Mattauch, RJ AF Gelmont, BL Woolard, DL Crowe, TW Mattauch, RJ TI Resonant polar-optical-phonon modulation of Schottky barrier charging dynamics SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID GAAS AB The dynamical behavior of GaAs-based Schottky-diode interfaces near the polar-optical-phonon (POP) resonance frequency is addressed. The manifestation of a THz-regime coupling mechanism between the temporal evolution of the diode barrier and POP's is revealed. Specifically, POP's are shown to perturb the spatial dependence of the displacement field within the depletion region, and strongly enhance the nonlinearity associated with diode current. This resonance coupling emerges in the unscreened barrier region and leads to dramatic nonlinear effects on both the resistive (i.e., emission particle transport) and the reactive (displacement transport) physics. Specifically, the spatial depth of the space-charge region is reduced leading to a large tunneling current. Furthermore, the phase coherence of the dynamical charging is modified resulting in an increased higher-harmonic current-density generation. C1 Univ Virginia, Dept Elect Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Richmond, VA 23173 USA. RP Gelmont, BL (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Elect Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN 15 PY 2000 VL 61 IS 23 BP 15939 EP 15951 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.61.15939 PG 13 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 327LV UT WOS:000087796100075 ER PT J AU Bu, LJ Nonidez, WK Mays, JW Tan, NB AF Bu, LJ Nonidez, WK Mays, JW Tan, NB TI MALDI/TOF/MS and SEC study of astromol dendrimers having cyano end groups SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID POLY(PROPYLENE IMINE) DENDRIMERS; ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; DENDRITIC MACROMOLECULES; STARBURST DENDRIMERS; INTRINSIC-VISCOSITY; POLYMERS; CHROMATOGRAPHY AB Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI/TOF/MS), size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and dilute solution viscometry were used to analyze the structure of three generations of Astromol (trademark of DSM) dendrimers having cyano end groups. The molecular weights, the defect contents, and. the structures of the "imperfect" dendrimers were determined by MALDI/TOF/MS analysis with fractions collected using a SEC fraction collector. The peak broadening observed for these materials in SEC was studied by adding different co-solvents to the SEC mobile phase. The hydrodynamic radius of the dendrimers was measured both by dilute solution viscometry and by SEC universal calibration. Our radii data are comparable to previously published results for these dendrimers obtained by neutron scattering and support the opinion that dendrimers have compact spherical structures. C1 Univ Alabama, Dept Chem, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. USA, Ballist Res Lab, Polymers Res Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Mays, JW (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Chem, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. NR 26 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD JUN 13 PY 2000 VL 33 IS 12 BP 4445 EP 4452 DI 10.1021/ma990458p PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 325BB UT WOS:000087655500029 ER PT J AU Pan, D Towe, E Kennerly, S Kong, MY AF Pan, D Towe, E Kennerly, S Kong, MY TI Tuning of conduction intersublevel absorption wavelengths in (In, Ga)As/GaAs quantum-dot nanostructures SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INFRARED PHOTODETECTORS; ENERGY-LEVELS; ISLANDS; GROWTH; INGAAS; GAAS AB We demonstrate that by increasing the amount of (In, Ga)As deposit in a quantum dot layer, the intersublevel absorption wavelength for (In, Ga)As/GaAs quantum-dot infrared photodetectors can be blue-shifted from 15 to 10 mu m while the photoluminescence peak is red-shifted. We directly compare the measured energy spacing between intersublevels obtained from infrared absorption spectroscopy with those obtained from photoluminescence spectroscopy. We find that the intersublevel energy spacing determined from absorption measurements is much larger than that obtained from the photoluminescence measurements. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(00)04524-1]. C1 Univ Virginia, Lab Opt & Quantum Elect, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Semicond, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. RP Pan, D (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Lab Opt & Quantum Elect, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 12 PY 2000 VL 76 IS 24 BP 3537 EP 3539 DI 10.1063/1.126699 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 323GE UT WOS:000087557100013 ER PT J AU Hioe, CE Jones, GJ Rees, AD Ratto-Kim, S Birx, D Munz, C Gorny, MK Tuen, M Zolla-Pazner, S AF Hioe, CE Jones, GJ Rees, AD Ratto-Kim, S Birx, D Munz, C Gorny, MK Tuen, M Zolla-Pazner, S TI Anti-CD4-binding domain antibodies complexed with HIV type 1 glycoprotein 120 inhibit CD4(+) T cell-proliferative responses to glycoprotein 120 SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; FOLLICULAR DENDRITIC CELLS; HUMAN MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEIN; HELPER CELLS; HUMAN BLOOD; INFECTION; GP120; ACTIVATION; ANTIGEN AB HIV-specific CD4(+) helper T cell responses, particularly to the envelope glycoproteins, are usually weak or absent in the majority of HIV-seropositive individuals. Since antibodies, by their capacity to alter antigen uptake and processing, are known to have modulatory effects on CD4(+) T cell responses, we investigated the effect of antibodies produced by HIV-infected individuals on the CD4(+) T cell response to HIV-1 gp120, Proliferative responses of gp120-specific CD4(+) T cells were inhibited in the presence of either serum immunoglobulin from HIV-infected individuals or human monoclonal antibodies specific for the CD4-binding domain (CD4bd) of gp120, Human monoclonal antibodies to other gp120 epitopes did not have the same effect. The anti-CD4bd antibodies complexed with gp120 suppressed T cell lines specific for varying gp120 epitopes but did not affect T cell proliferation to non-HIV antigens, Moreover, inhibition by the anti-CD4bd/gp120 complexes was observed regardless of the types of antigen-presenting cells used to stimulate the T cells. These results indicate that the presence of anti-CD4bd antibodies complexed with gp120 can strongly suppress CD4(+) helper T responses to gp120. C1 NYU, Sch Med, New York Vet Affairs Med Ctr, New York, NY 10010 USA. NYU, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, New York, NY 10010 USA. Chelsea & Westminster Hosp, Dept Immunol, London SW10 9NH, England. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Retrovirol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Rockefeller Univ, Cellular Physiol & Immunol Lab, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP Hioe, CE (reprint author), NYU, Sch Med, New York Vet Affairs Med Ctr, 423 E 23rd St,Rm 18-124N, New York, NY 10010 USA. RI Jones, Gareth/C-6270-2011 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-59725]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI-32424, I-AI-25147] NR 47 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD JUN 10 PY 2000 VL 16 IS 9 BP 893 EP 905 DI 10.1089/08892220050042837 PG 13 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 327AV UT WOS:000087770800008 PM 10875615 ER PT J AU Mirotznik, MS Prather, DW Mait, JN Beck, WA Shi, SY Gao, X AF Mirotznik, MS Prather, DW Mait, JN Beck, WA Shi, SY Gao, X TI Three-dimensional analysis of subwavelength diffractive optical elements with the finite-difference time-domain method SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID GRATINGS; FORMULATION AB We present a three-dimensional (3D) analysis of subwavelength diffractive optical elements (DOE's), using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. To this end we develop and apply efficient 3D FDTD methods that exploit DOE properties, such as symmetry. An axisymmetric method is validated experimentally and is used to validate the more general 3D method. Analyses of subwavelength gratings and lenses, both with and without rotational symmetry, are presented in addition to a 2 x 2 subwavelength focusing array generator. (C) 2000 Optical Society of America. OCIS codes: 050.1970, 000.4430. C1 Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Washington, DC 20064 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, SE,EO, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Mirotznik, MS (reprint author), Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Washington, DC 20064 USA. EM dprather@ee.udel.edu NR 17 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUN 10 PY 2000 VL 39 IS 17 BP 2871 EP 2880 DI 10.1364/AO.39.002871 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 324DQ UT WOS:000087606900001 PM 18345211 ER PT J AU Smith, TA AF Smith, TA TI Numerical analysis of rotationally symmetric shells by the modal superposition method SO JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article AB The system of differential equations governing the analysis of rotationally symmetric shells under time-dependent or static surface loadings is formulated with the transverse, meridional, and circumferential displacements as the dependent variables. The thickness of the shell may vary, and four homogeneous boundary conditions may be prescribed at each boundary edge of the shell. The governing differential equations for each Fourier harmonic are obtained by use of Fourier series in the circumferential direction of the shell. Influence coefficients at each of the node points along the shell meridian are obtained for each Fourier component by employing ordinary finite difference representations for the meridional co-ordinate derivatives. With these influence coefficients, a set of homogeneous flexibility equations governing the free vibration characteristics of the shell is obtained and solved for the frequencies and mode shapes for each Fourier component. The solutions under time-dependent or static surface loadings and due to initial displacements and velocities are then obtained by expanding the solutions in terms of the modes of free vibration of the shell for each Fourier component. The solution for the total shell response is obtained by Fourier series summation. Solutions for typical shells have been found to be in excellent agreement with solutions by the method of temporal and spatial finite differences. Solutions for a parabolic shell are presented as an example. The solution is also presented for a published cylindrical shell example and is seen to be in excellent agreement with the published finite element method results. (C) 2000 Academic Press. C1 USA, Aviat & Missile Command, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Smith, TA (reprint author), USA, Aviat & Missile Command, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-460X J9 J SOUND VIB JI J. Sound Vibr. PD JUN 8 PY 2000 VL 233 IS 3 BP 515 EP 543 DI 10.1006/jsvi.2000.2838 PG 29 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 322RV UT WOS:000087523300010 ER PT J AU Grasemann, H Yandava, CN van's Gravesande, KS Deykin, A Pillari, A Ma, J Sonna, LA Lilly, C Stampfer, MJ Israel, E Silverman, EK Drazen, JM AF Grasemann, H Yandava, CN van's Gravesande, KS Deykin, A Pillari, A Ma, J Sonna, LA Lilly, C Stampfer, MJ Israel, E Silverman, EK Drazen, JM TI A neuronal NO synthase (NOS1) gene polymorphism is associated with asthma SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE asthma; neuronal NO synthase gene; case-control association analysis; nitric oxide ID NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; INFLAMMATION; POPULATIONS; LINKAGE; MARKERS; ALLERGY; REPEAT; CANCER; RISK AB Recent family-based studies have revealed evidence for linkage of chromosomal region 12q to both asthma and high total serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels. Among the candidate genes in this region for asthma is neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS1). We sought a genetic association between a polymorphism in the NOS1 gene and the diagnosis of asthma, using a case-control design. Frequencies for allele 17 and 18 of a CA repeat in exon 29 of the NOS1 gene were significantly different between 490 asthmatic and 350 control subjects. Allele 17 was more common in the asthmatics (0.83 vs 0.76, or 1.49 [95% CI 1.17-1.90], P = 0.013) while. allele 18 was less common in the asthmatics (0.06 vs 0.12, or 0.49 [95% CI 0.34-0.69], P = 0.0004). To confirm these results we genotyped an additional 1131 control subjects and found the frequencies of alleles 17 and 18 to be virtually identical to those ascertained in our original control subjects. Total serum IgE was not associated with any allele of the polymorphism. These findings provide support, from case-control association analysis, for NOS1 as a candidate gene for asthma. (C) 2000 Academic Press. C1 Harvard Univ, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Sch Med, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Med,Channing Lab, Boston, MA 02115 USA. USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Thermal & Mt Med Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Grasemann, H (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Sch Med, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-56383] NR 20 TC 54 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD JUN 7 PY 2000 VL 272 IS 2 BP 391 EP 394 DI 10.1006/bbrc.2000.2794 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 327HC UT WOS:000087787600015 PM 10833424 ER PT J AU Sagel, JS AF Sagel, JS TI Out-of-hospital endotracheal intubation of children SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Sagel, JS (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 7 PY 2000 VL 283 IS 21 BP 2791 EP 2792 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 320BQ UT WOS:000087381500028 PM 10838642 ER PT J AU Belkaid, Y Valenzuela, JG Kamhawi, S Rowton, E Sacks, DL Ribeiro, JMC AF Belkaid, Y Valenzuela, JG Kamhawi, S Rowton, E Sacks, DL Ribeiro, JMC TI Delayed-type hypersensitivity to Phlebotomus papatasi sand fly bite: An adaptive response induced by the fly? SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID LUTZOMYIA-LONGIPALPIS; SALIVA; ARTHROPODS; MACROPHAGES; INFECTION AB The saliva of bloodsucking arthropods contains a large array of pharmacologically active compounds that assist hematophagy, Arthropod saliva is also responsible for causing uncomfortable allergic responses in its vertebrate hosts. In this article, we investigate whether the sand fly Phlebotomus papatasi, known to produce a strong delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) in humans. could benefit from, and possibly adaptively induce, this response in their vertebrate hosts. In this study, we show that flies fed on humans to completion nearly twice as fast in DTH sites as compared with normal skin sites. DTH sites had significantly larger blood flow as measured by the laser Doppler method. Sand flies feeding at sites in mouse ears that had a DTH response also fed faster than at normal sites. We conclude that in the case of P, papatasi, and possibly other arthropods such as fleas and bed bugs, the strong saliva-induced DTH response may reflect an adaptation of the fly to manipulate host immunity for the insect's own advantage. C1 NIAID, Parasit Dis Lab, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Ribeiro, JMC (reprint author), NIAID, Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 4,Room 126,4 Ctr Dr,MSC-425, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RI Rowton, Edgar/A-4474-2012; Rowton, Edgar/A-1975-2011; OI Rowton, Edgar/0000-0002-1979-1485; Ribeiro, Jose/0000-0002-9107-0818 NR 21 TC 65 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUN 6 PY 2000 VL 97 IS 12 BP 6704 EP 6709 DI 10.1073/pnas.97.12.6704 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 322UA UT WOS:000087526300085 PM 10841567 ER PT J AU Saunders, C Ferrer, JV Shi, L Chen, JY Merrill, G Lamb, ME Leeb-Lundberg, LMF Carvelli, L Javitch, JA Galli, A AF Saunders, C Ferrer, JV Shi, L Chen, JY Merrill, G Lamb, ME Leeb-Lundberg, LMF Carvelli, L Javitch, JA Galli, A TI Amphetamine-induced loss of human dopamine transporter activity: An internalization-dependent and cocaine-sensitive mechanism SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN-KINASE-C; RECEPTOR INTERNALIZATION; SEROTONIN TRANSPORTERS; HEK-293 CELLS; MICE LACKING; DYNAMIN; PSYCHOSTIMULANTS; ACTIVATION; MEMBRANE; PHOSPHORYLATION AB The dopamine transporter (DAT) is a target of amphetamine (AMPH) and cocaine. These psychostimulants attenuate DAT clearance efficiency, thereby increasing synaptic dopamine (DA) levels. Re-uptake rate is determined by the number of functional transporters at the cell surface as well as by their turnover rate. Here, we present evidence that DAT substrates, including AMPH and DA, cause internalization of human DAT, thereby reducing transport capacity. Acute treatment with AMPH reduced the maximal rate of [H-3]DA uptake, decreased AMPH-induced currents, and significantly redistributed the immunofluorescence of an epitope-tagged DAT from the plasma membrane to the cytosol in human embryonic: kidney 293 cells. Conversely, DAT inhibitors, such as cocaine, mazindol, and nomifensine, when administered with AMPH, blocked the reduction in [H-3]DA uptake and the redistribution of DAT immunofluorescence to the cytosol. The reductions of [H-3]DA uptake and AMPH-induced DAT internalization also were inhibited by coexpression of a dominant negative mutant of dynamin I (K44A), indicating that endocytosis modulates transport capacity, likely through a clathrin-mediated pathway. With this mechanism of regulation, acute application of AMPH would reduce DA uptake not only by direct competition for uptake, but also by reducing the available cell-surface DAT. Moreover, AMPH-induced internalization might diminish the amount of DAT available for DA efflux, thereby modulating the cytotoxic effects of elevated extracellular DA. C1 Columbia Univ Coll Phys & Surg, Ctr Mol Recognit, New York, NY 10032 USA. Columbia Univ Coll Phys & Surg, Dept Pharmacol, New York, NY 10032 USA. Columbia Univ Coll Phys & Surg, Dept Psychiat, New York, NY 10032 USA. Univ Texas, Ctr Hlth Sci, Dept Pharmacol, San Antonio, TX 78248 USA. Univ Texas, Ctr Hlth Sci, Dept Biochem, San Antonio, TX 78248 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78234 USA. RP Galli, A (reprint author), Columbia Univ Coll Phys & Surg, Ctr Mol Recognit, 630 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032 USA. FU NIDA NIH HHS [P01 DA012408, DA11495, R01 DA011495]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM41659]; NIMH NIH HHS [MH57324, K02 MH057324] NR 40 TC 256 Z9 259 U1 2 U2 11 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUN 6 PY 2000 VL 97 IS 12 BP 6850 EP 6855 DI 10.1073/pnas.110035297 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 322UA UT WOS:000087526300110 PM 10823899 ER PT J AU Grigni, M Mirelli, V Papadimitriou, CH AF Grigni, M Mirelli, V Papadimitriou, CH TI On the difficulty of designing good classifiers SO SIAM JOURNAL ON COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE linear decision tree; hardness of approximation; parameterized complexity ID CHROMATIC NUMBER; HARDNESS; NP AB We consider the problem of designing a near-optimal linear decision tree to classify two given point sets B and W in R-n. A linear decision tree defines a polyhedral subdivision of space; it is a classifier if no leaf region contains points from both sets. We show hardness results for computing such a classifier with approximately optimal depth or size in polynomial time. In particular, we show that unless NP = ZPP, the depth of a classifier cannot be approximated within any constant factor, and that the total number of nodes cannot be approximated within any fixed polynomial. Our proof uses a simple connection between this problem and graph coloring and uses the result of Feige and Kilian on the inapproximability of the chromatic number. We also study the problem of designing a classifier with a single inequality that involves as few variables as possible and point out certain aspects of the difficulty of this problem. C1 USA, Res Lab, Ft Belvoir, VA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Emory Univ, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM mic@mathcs.emory.edu; vmirelli@arl.mil; christos@cs.berkeley.edu NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 0097-5397 EI 1095-7111 J9 SIAM J COMPUT JI SIAM J. Comput. PD JUN 6 PY 2000 VL 30 IS 1 BP 318 EP 323 DI 10.1137/S009753979630814X PG 6 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 321HV UT WOS:000087450800013 ER PT J AU Hill, CM Wu, FY Cheng, TC DeFrank, JJ Raushel, FM AF Hill, CM Wu, FY Cheng, TC DeFrank, JJ Raushel, FM TI Substrate and stereochemical specificity of the organophosphorus acid anhydrolase from Alteromonas sp JD6.5 toward p-nitrophenyl phosphotriesters SO BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; PURIFICATION; ENZYME AB The enzyme OPAA hydrolyzes p-nitrophenyl phosphotriesters bearing substituents at the phosphorus center ranging in size from methyl to phenyl. The enzyme exhibits stereoselectivity toward the hydrolysis of chiral substrates with a preference for the Sp enantiomer. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USA, Edgewood Res, Environm Technol Team, Ctr Dev & Engn, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Raushel, FM (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RI Raushel, Frank/B-7125-2015 OI Raushel, Frank/0000-0002-5918-3089 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM33894] NR 10 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0960-894X J9 BIOORG MED CHEM LETT JI Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. PD JUN 5 PY 2000 VL 10 IS 11 BP 1285 EP 1288 DI 10.1016/S0960-894X(00)00213-4 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Organic SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 322WC UT WOS:000087531400035 PM 10866401 ER PT J AU Riley, JL Schlienger, K Blair, PJ Carreno, B Craighead, N Kim, D Carroll, RG June, CH AF Riley, JL Schlienger, K Blair, PJ Carreno, B Craighead, N Kim, D Carroll, RG June, CH TI Modulation of susceptibility to HIV-1 infection by the cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 costimulatory molecule SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE HIV; costimulation; T cells; chemokine receptors; chemokines ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; CELL ACTIVATION; CD28 COSTIMULATION; DENDRITIC CELLS; CTLA-4; EXPRESSION; STIMULATION; LIGATION; INDUCTION; RECEPTOR AB CD4 T cells activated in vitro by anti-CD3/28-coated beads are resistant to infection by CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5)-dependent HIV-1 isolates. In vivo, antigen-presenting cells (APCs) activate CD4 T cells in part by signaling through the T cell receptor and CD28, yet cells stimulated in this manner are susceptible to HIV-1 infection. We show that cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) engagement counteracts the CD28 antiviral effects, and that the ratio of CTLA-4 to CD28 engagement determines the susceptibility of HIV-1 infection. Furthermore, unopposed CTLA-4 signaling provided by CD28 blockade promotes vigorous HIV-1 replication, despite minimal T cell proliferation. Finally, CTLA-4 antibodies decrease the susceptibility of antigen-activated CD4 T cells to HIV, suggesting a potential approach to prevent or limit viral spread in HIV-1-infected individuals. C1 Univ Penn, Dept Mol & Cellular Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. NIDDKD, Transplant & Autoimmun Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. Genet Inst, Cambridge, MA 02140 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Retrovirol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP June, CH (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Mol & Cellular Engn, BRB 2-3,Rm 554,421 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. OI Riley, James/0000-0002-1057-576X NR 57 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROCKEFELLER UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 1114 FIRST AVE, 4TH FL, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0022-1007 J9 J EXP MED JI J. Exp. Med. PD JUN 5 PY 2000 VL 191 IS 11 BP 1987 EP 1997 PG 11 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 322UL UT WOS:000087527300016 PM 10839813 ER PT J AU Uppuluri, S Swanson, DR Piehler, LT Li, J Hagnauer, GL Tomalia, DA AF Uppuluri, S Swanson, DR Piehler, LT Li, J Hagnauer, GL Tomalia, DA TI Core-shell tecto(dendrimers): I. Synthesis and characterization of saturated shell models SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID DENDRITIC MACROMOLECULES; NANOSCOPIC CHEMISTRY; STARBURST DENDRIMERS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SINGLE MOLECULES; POLYMERS; NANOCLUSTERS; ARCHITECTURE; MICROSCOPY; NANOTUBES C1 Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Ctr Biol Nanotechnol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USA, Ballist Res Lab, Div Mat, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Tomalia, DA (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Ctr Biol Nanotechnol, 4027 Kresge 2,200 Zina Pitcher, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NR 55 TC 79 Z9 80 U1 2 U2 15 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD JUN 2 PY 2000 VL 12 IS 11 BP 796 EP 800 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1521-4095(200006)12:11<796::AID-ADMA796>3.0.CO;2-1 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 323TG UT WOS:000087580600003 ER PT J AU Johnson, DP Morton, J Kellas, S Jackson, KE AF Johnson, DP Morton, J Kellas, S Jackson, KE TI Size effects in scaled fiber composites under four-point flexure loading SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The effect of specimen size on the four-point flexural response of ply-level and sublaminate-level scaled composites was investigated. Two laminates were studied, namely, [+45/-45/+45/-45], and [+45/-45/0/90](x). The material system used was AS4/3502 graphite/epoxy. Enhanced x-ray radiography and edge photomicroscopy were used to examine damage development in specimens loaded to various fractions of their ultimate load. This nondestructive examination was coupled with observations of the load/deflection response to try to correlate scaling effects with the damage development in the specimens. Results were compared to previous studies involving tensile scaling effects. It was found that the strength of ply-level scaled laminates decreased as specimen size increased, and that this effect was modeled well using the typical fracture mechanics scaling law. Sublaminate-level scaled specimens did not show a pronounced scaling effect. Although there seemed to be a slight decrease in strength with increased specimen size, the effect was small and may not be statistically significant. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Royal Aerosp Estab, Def Res Agcy, Struct Mat Ctr, Farnborough GU14 6TD, Hants, England. Lockheed Engn & Sci Co, NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. USA, Res Lab, Vehicle Technol Ctr, NASA,Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Johnson, DP (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, Mail Stop 9549, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 38 IS 6 BP 1047 EP 1054 DI 10.2514/2.1066 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 320WP UT WOS:000087424100013 ER PT J AU Laver, HS AF Laver, HS TI British generals in the War of 1812: High command in the Canadas SO ALBION LA English DT Book Review C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Laver, HS (reprint author), US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU APPALACHIAN STATE UNIV PI BOONE PA ALBION/HISTORY DEPT 210 WHITENER HALL, BOONE, NC 28608 USA SN 0095-1390 J9 ALBION JI Albion PD SUM PY 2000 VL 32 IS 2 BP 325 EP 326 DI 10.2307/4053810 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 384YK UT WOS:000165974700039 ER PT J AU Meffert, JJ AF Meffert, JJ TI Lentigo maligna melanoma SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Article C1 San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium, Dept Dermatol, Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Meffert, JJ (reprint author), San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium, Dept Dermatol, Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 USA SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD JUN 1 PY 2000 VL 61 IS 11 BP 3385 EP 3386 PG 2 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 322GZ UT WOS:000087503000018 PM 10865932 ER PT J AU Elston, DM Eggers, JS Schmidt, WE Storrow, AB Doe, RH McGlasson, D Fischer, JR AF Elston, DM Eggers, JS Schmidt, WE Storrow, AB Doe, RH McGlasson, D Fischer, JR TI Histological findings after brown recluse spider envenomation SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DERMATOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE brown recluse spider; envenomation; eosinophil; eschar; vasculitis ID LOXOSCELES-RECLUSA; HYPERBARIC-OXYGEN; BITE AB Histologic specimens from 41 rabbits were studied for changes resulting from the manual injection of brown recluse spider venom. Major findings included a mixed inflammatory cell infiltrate, coagulative tissue necrosis, and vasculitis. All specimens demonstrated a well-delineated zone of eosinophilic staining recognizable as "mummified" coagulative necrosis of the epidermis and dermis. A dense band of neutrophils bordered the zone of necrosis. Immediately adjacent to the neutrophilic band, small vessel vasculitis was a universal finding. Degranulated eosinophils and neutrophils and macrophages filled with eosinophilic granules were common. Inflammatory foci were often centered on groups of lipocytes within the dermis. Large vessel vasculitis resembling that seen in polyarteritis nodosa was present deep to 7 of the 40 eschars. Large vessel vasculitis may contribute to the large zones of necrosis seen after some brown recluse spider bites. Eosinophils may play a role in tissue damage after envenomation. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Elston, DM (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 10 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0193-1091 J9 AM J DERMATOPATH JI Am. J. Dermatopathol. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 22 IS 3 BP 242 EP 246 DI 10.1097/00000372-200006000-00006 PG 5 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 320CU UT WOS:000087384500006 PM 10871067 ER PT J AU Miller, M Hemenway, D Bell, NS Yore, MM Amoroso, PJ AF Miller, M Hemenway, D Bell, NS Yore, MM Amoroso, PJ TI Cigarette smoking and suicide: A prospective study of 300,000 male active-duty army soldiers SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cohort studies; military personnel; prospective studies; smoking; suicide; tobacco ID RISK; MORTALITY; DEATH; CANCER; MEN AB The authors examined the relation between cigarette smoking and suicide by conducting a cohort study of 300,900 male US Army personnel followed prospectively from January 1987 through December 1996 for 961,657 person-years. They found that the risk of suicide increased significantly with the number of cigarettes smoked daily (p for trend < 0.001). in multivariable-adjusted analyses, smokers of more than 20 cigarettes a day, compared with never smokers, were more than twice as likely to commit suicide. For male active-duty army personnel, the dose-related association between smoking and suicide was not entirely explained by the greater tendency of smokers to be White, drink heavily, have less education, and exercise less often. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Social Sectors Dev Strategies Inc, Natick, MA USA. Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Social & Behav Sci, Boston, MA USA. USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Miller, M (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RI miller, matthew/H-4624-2011 OI miller, matthew/0000-0002-3267-6510 FU NIAAA NIH HHS [R29 AA11407-01A1] NR 38 TC 98 Z9 101 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2000 VL 151 IS 11 BP 1060 EP 1063 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 320EZ UT WOS:000087390000004 PM 10873129 ER PT J AU Jackson, JL Osgard, E Fincher, RK AF Jackson, JL Osgard, E Fincher, RK TI Resident participation in flexible sigmoidoscopy does not affect patient satisfaction SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Article ID MILITARY; CARE; PHYSICIANS; ENCOUNTERS; EXPERIENCE; DIAGNOSES AB OBJECTIVE: We sought to assess the effect of resident involvement in flexible sigmoidoscopy on patient satisfaction and comfort. METHODS: Adults undergoing flexible sigmoidoscopy completed a previsit questionnaire on indication for procedure, GI-related history, and functional status. Immediately after the procedure, satisfaction and procedure comfort were assessed. Additional information collected included procedure duration, depth of sigmoidoscope penetration, and visualization of diverticuli or polyps. RESULTS: Among 408 endoscopies, patient characteristics and procedure indications were similar between sigmoidoscopies done by residents (n = 111)or staff. There were no differences in patient satisfaction, procedure comfort, or willingness to undergo the procedure again in the future. Sigmoidoscopies involving residents averaged 5.6 min longer, even after adjusting for preparation quality, depth of insertion, specific endoscopist, and the presence of polyps or diverticuli. CONCLUSIONS: Patient satisfaction and comfort with flexible sigmoidoscopy was not reduced by resident involvement, though the procedure duration was slightly longer. (Am J Gastroenterol 2000;95:1563-1566. (C) 2000 by Am. Cell. of Gastroenterology). C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Gastroenterol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Jackson, JL (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med EDP, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 34 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0002-9270 J9 AM J GASTROENTEROL JI Am. J. Gastroenterol. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 95 IS 6 BP 1563 EP 1566 PG 4 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 322VY UT WOS:000087531000031 PM 10894597 ER PT J AU Cureton, SL Bice, R Strider, J AF Cureton, SL Bice, R Strider, J TI Treatment of a Class II Division 1 malocclusion with a severe unilateral lingual crossbite with combined orthodontic/orthognathic surgery SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ORTHODONTICS AND DENTOFACIAL ORTHOPEDICS LA English DT Article AB A 24-year-old woman had a Class II Division 1 malocclusion with a severe unilateral crossbite. The crossbite was due partially to the maxilla being much wider than the mandible, allowing the mandibular left canine and first and second premolars to overerupt, impinging on the palatal tissue in habitual occlusion, The maxillary left segment from the lateral incisor to the first molar also overerupted producing 2 planes of occlusion, The malocclusion was treated successfully with comprehensive orthodontics, combined with a 2 piece Lefort I osteotomy procedure, a 3 tooth mandibular segmental osteotomy procedure, and a bilateral sagittal split osteotomy procedure. C1 USA, DENTAC, Dept Orthodont, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. RP Cureton, SL (reprint author), 10 Cox Farm Ct, Johnson City, TN 37601 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0889-5406 J9 AM J ORTHOD DENTOFAC JI Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 117 IS 6 BP 728 EP 734 PG 7 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 324NQ UT WOS:000087628600014 PM 10842117 ER PT J AU Bui-Mansfield, LT Myers, CP Chew, FS AF Bui-Mansfield, LT Myers, CP Chew, FS TI Parosteal lipoma of the fibula SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Dept Radiol, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Chew, FS (reprint author), Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Dept Radiol, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. NR 4 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0361-803X J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 174 IS 6 BP 1698 EP 1698 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 317EU UT WOS:000087213700042 PM 10845509 ER PT J AU Edelman, R Tacket, CO Wasserman, SS Bodison, SA Perry, JG Mangiafico, JA AF Edelman, R Tacket, CO Wasserman, SS Bodison, SA Perry, JG Mangiafico, JA TI Phase II safety and immunogenicity study of live chikungunya virus vaccine TSI-GSD-218 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article AB We conducted a phase II, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, safety and immunogenicity study of a serially passaged, plaque purified live chikungunya (CHIK) vaccine in 73 healthy adult volunteers. Fifty-nine volunteers were immunized one time subcutaneously with the CHIK vaccine and 14 were immunized with placebo (tissue culture fluid). Vaccinees were clinically evaluated intensively for one month, and had repeated blood draws for serological assays (50% plaque-reduction neutralization test) for one year. Except for transient arthralgia in five CHIK vaccinees, the number and severity of local and systemic reactions and abnormal laboratory tests after immunization were similar in CHIK vaccinees and placebo recipients. Fifty-seven (98%) of 58 evaluable CHIK vaccinees developed CHIK neutralizing antibody by day 28, and 85% of vaccinees remained seropositive at one year after immunization. No placebo recipients seroconverted. This promising live vaccine was safe, produced well-tolerated side effects, and was highly immunogenic. C1 Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Ctr Vaccine Dev, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ Maryland, Univ Hlth Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Diagnost Syst Div, Frederick, MD USA. RP Edelman, R (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Ctr Vaccine Dev, 685 W Baltimore St,Room 480, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. NR 30 TC 141 Z9 148 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 62 IS 6 BP 681 EP 685 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 419EU UT WOS:000167937000004 PM 11304054 ER PT J AU Sardelis, MR Edelman, R Klein, TA Innis, BL Putnak, JR Jones, JW Turell, MJ AF Sardelis, MR Edelman, R Klein, TA Innis, BL Putnak, JR Jones, JW Turell, MJ TI Limited potential for transmission of live dengue virus vaccine candidates by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID GEOGRAPHIC STRAINS; ORAL INFECTION; FEVER; SUSCEPTIBILITY; ATTENUATION; VOLUNTEERS; RESPONSES; CULICIDAE; DIPTERA; HUMANS AB To evaluate the transmission risk of four live dengue (DEN) vaccine candidates developed by the U. S. Army (DEN-1. 45AZ5 PDK 20; DEN-2, S16803 PDK 50; DEN-3, CH53489 PDK 20: and DEN-4, 341750 PDK 20), we tested 3.010 Aedes aegypti and 1,576 Aedes albopictus mosquitoes blood-fed on 21 volunteers who had been administered one of the four vaccine candidates or the licensed yellow fever (YF) vaccine (17D). We used an indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) to detect DEN or YF viral antigen in the heads of mosquitoes. Corresponding to the lack of a detectable viremia among volunteers inoculated 8-13 days previously with live DEN-1 or DEN-2 vaccine candidates, only six mosquitoes developed disseminated infections after feeding on these volunteers. These six mosquitoes included 4 of 247 Ae. albopictus fed on volunteers inoculated with the DEN-1 vaccine candidate and 2 of 528 Ae. aegypti fed on volunteers inoculated with the DEN-2 vaccine candidate. Infection was confirmed in each of these IFA-positive mosquitoes by isolating infectious virus from the mosquito's body in Vero-cell culture. None of the 1,252 or the 969 mosquitoes fed on DEN-3 or DEN-4 recipients, respectively, were infected. Overall, dissemination rates in Ae. albopictus and Ae. aetypti were low. Dissemination rates were 0.5%, 0.3%, < 0.1%, and < 0.1% for the DEN-1 through DEN-4 vaccine candidates, respectively. Because of the observed low dissemination rates, it is unlikely that these vaccine viruses would be transmitted under natural conditions. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Vector Assessment Branch, Div Virol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Univ Maryland, Ctr Vaccine Dev, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Virus Dis, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Turell, MJ (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Vector Assessment Branch, Div Virol, 1425 Porter St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 EI 1476-1645 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 62 IS 6 BP 698 EP 701 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 419EU UT WOS:000167937000007 PM 11304057 ER PT J AU Barral, A Honda, E Caldas, A Costa, J Vinhas, V Rowton, ED Valenzuela, JG Charlab, R Barral-Netto, M Ribeiro, JMC AF Barral, A Honda, E Caldas, A Costa, J Vinhas, V Rowton, ED Valenzuela, JG Charlab, R Barral-Netto, M Ribeiro, JMC TI Human immune response to sand fly salivary gland antigens: A useful epidemiological marker? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID AMERICAN VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS; LUTZOMYIA-LONGIPALPIS; VIRUS TRANSMISSION; VECTOR SALIVA; TICK EXPOSURE; RISK FACTOR; ANTIBODIES; INFECTION; MAXADILAN; PEPTIDE AB Antibody (IgG) responses to salivary gland homogenate and to a recombinant salivary protein from the sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis were investigated using sera from children living in an endemic area of visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil. We classified children into four groups according to their responses to Leishmania antigen: (Group I) positive serology and positive delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH), (Group II) positive serology and negative DTH, (Croup III) negative serology and positive DTH, and (Group IV) negative serology and negative DTH. A highly significant correlation was found between anti-salivary gland IgG levels and DTH responses. An L. longipalpis salivary recombinant protein used as an antigen in an enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) gave a significant but different result. A positive correlation was found between anti-leishmania IgG and anti-recombinant protein IgG titers. The results indicate that sand fly salivary proteins may be of relevance to the study the epidemiology of leishmaniasis. C1 NIAID, Sect Med Entomol, Parasit Dis Lab, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. FIOCRUZ, Ctr Pesquisas Goncalo Moniz, BR-40295001 Salvador, BA, Brazil. Univ Fed Bahia, Hosp Univ Prof Edgard Santos, Serv Imunol, BR-40110040 Salvador, BA, Brazil. Univ Fed Maranhao, Dept Patol, Sao Luiz, Maranhao, Brazil. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Entomol, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Ribeiro, JMC (reprint author), NIAID, Sect Med Entomol, Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 4 Rm 126,6 Ctr Dr,MSC 0425, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RI Barral Netto, Manoel/B-3904-2009; Barral, Aldina/B-4191-2009; Rowton, Edgar/A-1975-2011; Rowton, Edgar/A-4474-2012; OI Barral Netto, Manoel/0000-0002-5823-7903; Barral, Aldina/0000-0002-7177-464X; Rowton, Edgar/0000-0002-1979-1485; Ribeiro, Jose/0000-0002-9107-0818 NR 27 TC 108 Z9 112 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 62 IS 6 BP 740 EP 745 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 419EU UT WOS:000167937000016 PM 11304066 ER PT J AU Flinn, IW Goodman, SN Post, L Jamison, J Miller, CB Gore, S Diehl, L Willis, C Ambinder, RF Byrd, JC AF Flinn, IW Goodman, SN Post, L Jamison, J Miller, CB Gore, S Diehl, L Willis, C Ambinder, RF Byrd, JC TI A dose-finding study of liposomal daunorubicin with CVP (COP-X) in advanced NHL SO ANNALS OF ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE anthracycline; chemotherapy; liposomal daunorubicin; lymphoma ID CONTINUAL REASSESSMENT METHOD; NON-HODGKINS-LYMPHOMA; KAPOSIS-SARCOMA; LOW-GRADE; PHASE-I; DAUNOXOME(R); COMBINATION; VINCRISTINE; DESIGN AB Background: Standard therapy for lymphoma consists of a cyclophosphamide (C), doxorubicin, vincristine (V), and prednisone (P) (CHOP) combination regimen. Liposomal daunorubicin (DaunoXome (R)) is an alternative to doxorubicin for patients with lymphoma because of its more favorable safety profile and potentially more selective uptake in lymphoma. The objectives of this study were to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of liposomal daunorubucin with CVP (COP-X) and the tolerability of the regimen in patients with indolent lymphoma. Patients and methods: Patients with low-grade and intermediate-grade lymphoma having adequate cardiac, hepatic, and renal function were enrolled. Patients received C 750 mg/m(2), V 1.4 mg/m(2) (maximum 2.0 mg), and liposomal daunorubicin 50-100 mg/m(2) i.v. on day 1 and P 100 mg p.o. on days 1-5. MTD was the liposomal daunorubicin dose associated with 20% dose-limiting toxicity (ANC < 500/mm(3) for > 5 days or febrile neutropenia). Results: Twenty patients, median age 59 years, were treated. The liposomal daunorubicin MTD combined with CVP was 70-80 mg/m(2), depending on patient population. No significant non-hematologic toxicity occurred. Response rate was 44% (2 complete and 5 partial responses). Conclusions: A liposomal daunorubicin dose of 80 mg/m(2) in the COP-X regimen was well tolerated with little non-hematologic toxicity. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Flinn, IW (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Oncol Ctr, Canc Res Bldg,Room 388,1650 Orleans, Baltimore, MD 21231 USA. NR 15 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0923-7534 J9 ANN ONCOL JI Ann. Oncol. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 11 IS 6 BP 691 EP 695 DI 10.1023/A:1008361914894 PG 5 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 335AJ UT WOS:000088219600014 PM 10942057 ER PT J AU Farmer, WC Giudici, SC AF Farmer, WC Giudici, SC TI Site of airway collapse in obstructive sleep apnea after uvulopalatopharyngoplasty SO ANNALS OF OTOLOGY RHINOLOGY AND LARYNGOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Session of the American-College-of-Chest-Physicians CY OCT 26-30, 1997 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA SP Amer Coll Chest Physicians DE airway collapse; obstructive sleep apnea; uvulopalatopharyngoplasty ID HYPERTENSION; RESISTANCE AB The objective of this prospective study was to determine the site and pattern of upper airway collapse by a multiple-catheter technique in subjects demonstrated to have obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) after uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP). Standard diagnostic nocturnal polysomnography (PSG) was done on all subjects. The PSG recordings included electroencephalogram, electrooculogram, electrocardiogram, chin and leg electromyograms, nasal and oral airflow, and abdominal effort. Polysomnography with a multiport flexible airway Gaeltec catheter was performed in 22 subjects. The Gaeltec flexible airway catheter has 4 high-fidelity pressure sensors to aid in determining the primary site of airway collapse. The primary site of airway collapse was determined by differential pressure gradients between pressure ports and by visual inspection of the pressure tracings. Forty-two subjects with prior UPPP from a total of 60 (39 men and 3 women, ages 33 to 61) agreed to be to studied by the standard PSG technique. Thirty-five subjects complained of excessive daytime sleepiness. Ten had mild OSA, 10 had moderate OSA, 12 had severe OSA, and 10 were "norrnal." Of the 22 subjects who had airway catheter monitoring, 3 of the normals were reclassified as having upper airway resistance (mean peak negative esophageal pressure of-28 cm H2O); 2 patients demonstrated airway obstruction in the nasopharynx, 2 at the oropharynx, and 11 at the level of the hypopharynx. Postoperative nocturnal PSG data were compared to data gathered prior to UPPP. The mean respiratory disturbance index (RDI) for the catheter group was 54 events per hour prior to UPPP, and the mean RDI after surgery was 44. There was no correlation between the severity of OSA and the stage of sleep. We conclude that the majority of patients who complain of excessive daytime sleepiness following UPPP have OSA with the primary site of obstruction at the level of the hypopharynx. The severity of airway collapse is variable during each stage of sleep. Esophageal pressure monitoring during sleep should be considered when evaluating symptoms of persistent OSA in patients who have had UPPP. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Pulm & Sleep Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Farmer, WC (reprint author), 14 Schank Rd, Holmdel, NJ 07733 USA. NR 21 TC 21 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 3 PU ANNALS PUBL CO PI ST LOUIS PA 4507 LACLEDE AVE, ST LOUIS, MO 63108 USA SN 0003-4894 J9 ANN OTO RHINOL LARYN JI Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 109 IS 6 BP 581 EP 584 PG 4 WC Otorhinolaryngology SC Otorhinolaryngology GA 321FW UT WOS:000087446300009 PM 10855570 ER PT J AU Sherali, HD Driscoll, PJ AF Sherali, HD Driscoll, PJ TI A linear mixed-integer programming approach for the unit commitment problem SO ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE programming, integer; power systems scheduling; unit commitment problem; thermal-electric generators ID LAGRANGIAN-RELAXATION; GENERATION; SYSTEMS C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Math Sci, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Driscoll, PJ (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Math Sci, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU KING FAHD UNIV PETROLEUM MINERALS PI DHAHRAN PA C/O UNIV, DHAHRAN 31261, SAUDI ARABIA SN 0377-9211 J9 ARAB J SCI ENG JI Arab. J. Sci. Eng. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 25 IS 1C BP 19 EP 35 PG 17 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 447FE UT WOS:000169560100003 ER PT J AU Pasquina, PF Dahl, E AF Pasquina, PF Dahl, E TI Total knee replacement in an amputee patient: A case report SO ARCHIVES OF PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION LA English DT Article DE osteoarthritis, knee; arthroplasty, replacement, knee; amputation; rehabilitation AB Osteoarthritis is the most prevalent and more disabling of the rheumatic diseases. One of the most effective forms of treatment of severe osteoarthritis is total joint arthroplasty. Although studies suggest that the incidence of osteoarthritis is higher in prosthetic users, research supporting total joint arthroplasty as an option for treating amputee patients with advanced osteoarthritis is lacking. We report the case of a 76-year-old man with right transtibial amputation who had an excellent outcome after undergoing bilateral total knee replacements for advanced osteoarthritis. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Pasquina, PF (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, 6825 Georgia Ave, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0003-9993 J9 ARCH PHYS MED REHAB JI Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 81 IS 6 BP 824 EP 826 PG 3 WC Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences SC Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences GA 320EN UT WOS:000087389000024 PM 10857531 ER PT J AU Watkins, GL AF Watkins, GL TI First class: Women join the ranks at the Naval Academy. SO ARMED FORCES & SOCIETY LA English DT Book Review C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Watkins, GL (reprint author), US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANSACTION PERIOD CONSORTIUM PI PISCATAWAY PA DEPT 4010, RUTGERS UNIV, 35 BERRUE CIRCLE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08854-8042 USA SN 0095-327X J9 ARMED FORCES SOC JI Armed Forces Soc. PD SUM PY 2000 VL 26 IS 4 BP 673 EP 675 DI 10.1177/0095327X0002600413 PG 3 WC Political Science; Sociology SC Government & Law; Sociology GA 418EX UT WOS:000167878900012 ER PT J AU Platteborze, PL Broomfield, CA AF Platteborze, PL Broomfield, CA TI Expression of biologically active human butyrylcholinesterase in the cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni) SO BIOTECHNOLOGY AND APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE baculovirus; carboxylesterase; nerve agents; protein expression; Sf9 cells ID CHOLINESTERASE; SEQUENCE; PROTEINS AB This investigation examined the utility of three recombinant protein-expression systems (COS cells, insect cells and insect larvae) to cost-effectively produce biologically active human butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), It was determined that baculovirus-infected insect cells (Sf9 and High 5) expressed 3.5- and 8.2-fold, respectively, more active enzyme than COS-7 cells. Baculovirus-infected cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni) insert larvae produced over 26 times more than High 5 cells; in fact, one baculovirus-infected insect larva provided more active protein than 100 mi of insect cell culture. Analysis of the larvally expressed proteins revealed that the vast majority of BuChE expressed was inactive due to extensive degradation that occurred in vivo. However, the active form of BuChE does have enzyme kinetics similar to those of its human serum counterpart. Cabbage looper larvae were also examined for their ability to serve as an in vivo animal model to study protection against anti-cholinesterase toxicity. This was unsuccessful due to their high tolerance to the very toxic organophosphorus compounds tested. This tolerance may be attributed at least in part to a novel endogenous organophosphorus acid anhydride hydrolase activity that is capable of hydrolysing the chemical-warfare nerve agents sarin (isopropyl methylphosphonofluoridate) and soman (pinacolyl methylphosphonofluoridate). These results show that cabbage looper larvae can serve as an inexpensive recombinant protein-expression system for human BuChE. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Biochem Pharmacol Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Platteborze, PL (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU PORTLAND PRESS PI LONDON PA 59 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON W1N 3AJ, ENGLAND SN 0885-4513 J9 BIOTECHNOL APPL BIOC JI Biotechnol. Appl. Biochem. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 31 BP 225 EP 229 DI 10.1042/BA19990038 PN 3 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 325HK UT WOS:000087670000008 PM 10814593 ER PT J AU Mudigonda, DSK Boehme, JL Brotherston, ID Meeker, DL Ferraris, JP AF Mudigonda, DSK Boehme, JL Brotherston, ID Meeker, DL Ferraris, JP TI Tailoring electrochromic properties through discrete electrochromes: Synthesis and characterization of poly[bis(5,2 '-bithiophene-2-yl)dimethylsilane] SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID POLYMERS; OLIGOTHIOPHENES; BLENDS AB A linear polythiophene, poly[bis(5',2'-bithiophene-2-yl)]dimethylsilane, which incorporates silyl bridges in the backbone was synthesized to tailor the electrochromic properties. Solid-state electrochromic devices comprised of this polymer as the active material were fabricated and were analyzed following CIE L*a*b* formalism. By limiting the effective conjugation in the polymer, its electrochromic properties were deliberately altered to produce a yellow to green color change from its neutral to oxidized state. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Chem, Richardson, TX 75080 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Phys, Richardson, TX 75080 USA. US Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Ferraris, JP (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Chem, Richardson, TX 75080 USA. NR 14 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 12 IS 6 BP 1508 EP + DI 10.1021/cm000254j PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 325ZZ UT WOS:000087708400003 ER PT J AU Liu, W Bian, SP Li, L Samuelson, L Kumar, J Tripathy, S AF Liu, W Bian, SP Li, L Samuelson, L Kumar, J Tripathy, S TI Enzymatic synthesis of photoactive poly(4-phenylazophenol) SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID AZOCHROMOPHORE-FUNCTIONALIZED POLYELECTROLYTES; NONLINEAR-OPTICAL POLYMERS; SURFACE-RELIEF GRATINGS; WAVE-GUIDE STRUCTURES; INFORMATION-STORAGE; ORGANIC-SOLVENTS; MAIN-CHAIN; FILMS; POLYANILINE; PEROXIDASE AB Enzymatic synthesis, employing horseradish peroxidase (HRP), has been used to prepare a novel photoactive azopolymer, poly(4-phenylazophenol), from 4-phenylazophenol, FTIR, FT-Raman, and NMR (H-1, C-13) spectroscopy show that the coupling reaction occurs primarily at the ortho positions with some coupling at the meta positions of the phenol ring of the monomer as well. This results in the formation of a branched polyphenylene backbone with pendant azo functionalities on every repeat unit of the macromolecules. This enzymatically synthesized azophenol polymer has an extremely high dye content (nearly 100%) and is soluble in most polar organic solvents, and good optical quality thin films are easily formed. Polymer solutions show reversible trans to cis photoisomerization of the azobenzene groups with long relaxation time. The poly(azophenol) film exhibits photoinduced absorption dichroism and large photoinduced birefringence with unusual relaxation behavior. The resulting azobenzene loaded polymer behaves as a new type of glassy "macromolecular dye". C1 Univ Lowell, Ctr Adv Mat, Dept Chem, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. Univ Lowell, Ctr Adv Mat, Dept Phys, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. USA, Soldier & Biol Chem Command, Mat Sci Team, Soldier Syst Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Tripathy, S (reprint author), Univ Lowell, Ctr Adv Mat, Dept Chem, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. NR 48 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 12 IS 6 BP 1577 EP 1584 DI 10.1021/cm000072p PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 325ZZ UT WOS:000087708400016 ER PT J AU Bian, SP Liu, W Williams, J Samuelson, L Kumar, J Tripathy, S AF Bian, SP Liu, W Williams, J Samuelson, L Kumar, J Tripathy, S TI Photoinduced surface relief grating on amorphous poly(4-phenylazophenol) films SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID AZOBENZENE POLYMER-FILMS; LIQUID-CRYSTALLINE POLYMERS; DIFFRACTION GRATINGS; OPTICAL STORAGE; GRADIENT FORCE; BIREFRINGENCE; MECHANISM; SPECTROSCOPY; PARTICLES; POLYESTER AB Large-amplitude surface relief gratings on enzymatically synthesized poly(4-phenyl-azophenol) dye films were holographically induced without postprocessing steps. Recording of the gratings is strongly dependent on the polarization of the writing beams. The phase shift of the topographic grating with respect to the interference pattern was inferred by analyzing a Gaussian laser beam induced surface deformation on the dye film. The mechanism for the surface deformation and grating formation are explained in the framework of the optical field gradient force model. C1 Univ Lowell, Dept Phys, Ctr Adv Mat, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. Univ Lowell, Dept Chem, Ctr Adv Mat, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. USA, Soldier & Biol Chem Command Soldier Syst Ctr, Mat Sci Team, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Tripathy, S (reprint author), Univ Lowell, Dept Phys, Ctr Adv Mat, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. NR 33 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 12 IS 6 BP 1585 EP 1590 DI 10.1021/cm000071x PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 325ZZ UT WOS:000087708400017 ER PT J AU Madden, AR Barekman, CL AF Madden, AR Barekman, CL TI Comparison of two methods for prostate specific antigen testing. SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 46 IS 6 SU S MA 628 BP A162 EP A163 PN 2 PG 2 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 326GU UT WOS:000087725600627 ER PT J AU Quijano, ZV Galindo, AO Rissler, LD Stickle, DF AF Quijano, ZV Galindo, AO Rissler, LD Stickle, DF TI Evaluation of the DPC Immulite (R) insulin assay. SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RI Stickle, Douglas/A-9682-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 46 IS 6 SU S MA 451 BP A118 EP A118 PN 2 PG 1 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 326GU UT WOS:000087725600451 ER PT J AU Rohan, AE Zoboroski, LR Stickle, DF AF Rohan, AE Zoboroski, LR Stickle, DF TI Estimation of placated hemoglobin fraction from hemoglobin A shoulder in alkaline electrophoresis. SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RI Stickle, Douglas/A-9682-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 46 IS 6 SU S MA 664 BP A171 EP A171 PN 2 PG 1 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 326GU UT WOS:000087725600664 ER PT J AU Shippee, R Dance, D Jones, J Nichols, D King, A AF Shippee, R Dance, D Jones, J Nichols, D King, A TI Evaluation of the Microgenics CEDIA (R) 6-acetyl morphine screening methodology using an Olympus AU800 chemistry analyzer. SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Forens Toxicol Drug Testing Lab, Ft George Meade, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 46 IS 6 SU S MA 733 BP A188 EP A188 PN 2 PG 1 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 326GU UT WOS:000087725600733 ER PT J AU Cieslak, TJ Christopher, GW Kortepeter, MG Rowe, JR Pavlin, JA Culpepper, RC Eitzen, EM AF Cieslak, TJ Christopher, GW Kortepeter, MG Rowe, JR Pavlin, JA Culpepper, RC Eitzen, EM TI Immunization against potential biological warfare agents SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID EQUINE ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; ANTHRAX PROTECTIVE ANTIGEN; BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS; PNEUMONIC PLAGUE; HUMAN VOLUNTEERS; GUINEA-PIGS; Q-FEVER; VACCINE; EFFICACY; AEROSOL AB The intentional release of biological agents by belligerents or terrorists is a possibility that has recently attracted increased attention. Law enforcement agencies, military planners, public hearth officials, and clinicians are gaining an increasing awareness of this potential threat. From a military perspective, an important component of the protective pre-exposure armamentarium against this threat is immunization. In addition, certain vaccines are an accepted component of postexposure prophylaxis against potential bioterrorist threat agents. These vaccines might, therefore, be used to respond to a terrorist attack against civilians. We review the development of vaccines against 10 of the most credible biological threats. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Operat Med Div, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Cieslak, TJ (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Operat Med Div, 1425 Porter St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM Ted.Cieslak@amedd.army.mil NR 73 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 30 IS 6 BP 843 EP 850 DI 10.1086/313812 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 340GU UT WOS:000088525400004 PM 10880299 ER PT J AU Sanders, JW Martin, JW Hooke, M Hooke, J AF Sanders, JW Martin, JW Hooke, M Hooke, J TI Methylobacterium mesophilicum infection: Case report and literature review of an unusual opportunistic pathogen SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PIGMENTED OXIDATIVE BACTERIA; PSEUDOMONAS-MESOPHILICA; BONE-MARROW; PATIENT; PERITONITIS AB Methylobacterium mesophilicum is a methylotrophic, pink pigmented, gram-negative rod that was initially isolated from environmental sources that is being increasingly reported as a cause of opportunistic infections in immunocompromised hosts. We present the case of an immunocompromised woman who developed a central catheter infection with M. mesophilicum and review the other 29 cases reported in the literature, noting that it is frequently resistant to beta-lactam agents but is generally susceptible to aminoglycosides and quinolones. C1 Natl Naval Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Healthcare Syst, Washington, DC USA. RP Sanders, JW (reprint author), Natl Naval Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, 8907 Wisconsin Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NR 25 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 30 IS 6 BP 936 EP 938 DI 10.1086/313815 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 340GU UT WOS:000088525400019 PM 10880304 ER PT J AU Fujima, K Briggs, MJ Yuliadi, D AF Fujima, K Briggs, MJ Yuliadi, D TI Runup of tsunamis with transient wave profiles incident on a conical island SO COASTAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE conical island; trapping; tsunami runup; wave refraction; transient wave analysis ID CIRCULAR ISLAND AB Based on the linear long wave theory, analytical solutions are obtained for the propagation of tsunamis with an arbitrary incident wave profile around a conical island. The validity of the theory is verified through comparisons with two laboratory datasets. Effects of incident wave profile on the distribution of runup height and on the maximum runup height along the coastline of an island are discussed on the basis of this theory. C1 Natl Def Acad, Dept Civil Engn, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2398686, Japan. USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Indonesian Naval Hydrooceanog Serv, Jakarta, Indonesia. RP Fujima, K (reprint author), Natl Def Acad, Dept Civil Engn, 1-10-20 Hashirimizu, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2398686, Japan. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0578-5634 J9 COAST ENG J JI Coast Eng. J. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 42 IS 2 BP 175 EP 195 DI 10.1142/S0578563400000080 PG 21 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 341DP UT WOS:000088576000002 ER PT J AU Fanton, JW Zarr, SR Ewert, DL Woods, RW Koenig, SC AF Fanton, JW Zarr, SR Ewert, DL Woods, RW Koenig, SC TI Cardiovascular responses to propofol and etomidate in long-term instrumented rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) SO COMPARATIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID NITROUS-OXIDE ANESTHESIA; CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE; DOGS; THIOPENTONE; INDUCTION; HUMANS; INFUSIONS; SURGERY; FLOW AB Background and Purpose: Cardiac and arterial responses to prescribed doses of propofol and etomidate in rhesus monkeys were compared. Methods: Intravenously administered induction doses of propofol (2 mg/kg of body weight) or etomidate (1 mg/kg) followed by continuous intravenous infusions of propofol (200 mu g/kg/min) or etomidate (100 mu g/kg/min) were administered. Left ventricular and right atrial access catheters were implanted for long-term use, along with a transit-time flow probe on the ascending aorta, and pericardial electrocardiogram leads. A dual sensor 3-F micromanometer was used to measure left ventricular pressure and aortic pressure, and an active redirectional transit-time probe measured aortic flow. Noordergraaf's four-element model was used to estimate total peripheral resistance and systemic arterial compliance. Results: Significant (P < 0.01) decreases in mean arterial pressure, heart rate, and myocardial contractility were accompanied by an increase in systemic arterial compliance associated with propofol and etomidate, Only minimal changes in left ventricular diastolic pressure, cardiac output, stroke volume, and total peripheral resistance were found for both drugs. The changes associated with propofol are comparable to results in human beings, whereas the changes associated with etomidate did not agree with results of published human studies. Conclusion: The significant cardiovascular alterations associated with both agents were attributed to reductions in heart rate, although the possibility exists that negative inotropic effects may have had a role. C1 Univ N Dakota, Dept Chem Engn, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Cardiovasc Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. USA, Inst Surg Res, Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Univ Louisville, Jewish Hosp, Heart & Lung Inst, Dept Surg, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. Armstrong Lab, Brooks AFB, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Fanton, JW (reprint author), Oregon Reg Primate Res Ctr, 505 NW 185th Ave, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA. NR 35 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE PI MEMPHIS PA 9190 CRESTWYN HILLS DR, MEMPHIS, TN 38125 USA SN 0023-6764 J9 COMPARATIVE MED JI Comparative Med. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 50 IS 3 BP 303 EP 308 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 327WK UT WOS:000087817000017 PM 10894497 ER PT J AU Ward, JA Hilliard, JK Pearson, S AF Ward, JA Hilliard, JK Pearson, S TI Herpes B-virus specific-pathogen-free breeding colonies of macaques (Macaca mulatta): Diagnostic testing before and after elimination of the infection SO COMPARATIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID RHESUS MACAQUES; ANTIBODY AB Background and Purpose: The National Institutes of Health's (NIH) National Center for Research Resources' (NCRR) Division of Comparative Medicine has funded the establishment of specific pathogen-free (SPF) captive macaque colonies. Herpes B-virus (Herpesvirus simiae, Cercopithecine herpesvirus type 1) has been targeted for elimination. Late seroconversion presents the greatest threat ten the integrity of SPF colonies. The purpose of the study reported here was to evaluate that threat through detailed investigation of the patterns of seroreactivity and housing histories in one colony. Methods: From 1990 through 1997, the B-virus Resource Laboratory screened macaques for B-virus, using ELISA or western immunoblot analysis. In 1993, we combined test results and housing histories to verify the seronegative status of one colony. Results: Two groups of latently infected macaques were identified as to time and place of transmission. The infection was eradicated within 3 years (1990-1992), as judged by the absence of true positive seroreactivity in any screened macaques, New infections were not identified in four years of follow-up evaluation. Conclusion: With rigorous surveillance, the SPF status of the colony was achieved and maintained. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, San Antonio, TX 78234 USA. SW Fdn Biomed Res, Dept Virol & Immunol, San Antonio, TX USA. Georgia State Univ, Viral Immunol Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Covance Res Prod Inc, Texas Primate Ctr, Alice, TX USA. RP Ward, JA (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, San Antonio, TX 78234 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [P40 RR05162] NR 9 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE PI MEMPHIS PA 9190 CRESTWYN HILLS DR, MEMPHIS, TN 38125 USA SN 0023-6764 J9 COMPARATIVE MED JI Comparative Med. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 50 IS 3 BP 317 EP 322 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 327WK UT WOS:000087817000020 PM 10894500 ER PT J AU Macedonia, M AF Macedonia, M TI The empire strikes back ... with the X-Box SO COMPUTER LA English DT Article C1 USA, Simulat Training & Instrumentat Command, Orlando, FL USA. RP Macedonia, M (reprint author), USA, Simulat Training & Instrumentat Command, Orlando, FL USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0018-9162 J9 COMPUTER JI Computer PD JUN PY 2000 VL 33 IS 6 BP 104 EP 106 DI 10.1109/MC.2000.846323 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 323BE UT WOS:000087544300023 ER PT J AU Dutta, PK Hui, D AF Dutta, PK Hui, D TI Creep rupture of a GFRP composite at elevated temperatures SO COMPUTERS & STRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the NATO-Advanced-Study-Institue on Mechanics of Composite Materials and Structures CY JUL 12-24, 1998 CL TROIA, PORTUGAL SP NATO, Inst Adv Study, IDMEC, Inst Mech Engn, Inst Super Tecn, Tech Univ Lisbon AB A study of the tension and compression behavior of glass-fiber reinforced polyester composite material under sustained loads and elevated temperature is presented. Time-dependent thermal deformation and failure stresses were measured at three different temperatures (T = 25, 50, and 80 degrees C). Using curve-fitting equations a simple empirical model was developed to predict the time-to-failure. The model takes into account superposition of time-temperature effects. Creep curves predicted by this model are similar to those reported in literature. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Hui, D (reprint author), Univ New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. NR 20 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-7949 J9 COMPUT STRUCT JI Comput. Struct. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 76 IS 1-3 BP 153 EP 161 DI 10.1016/S0045-7949(99)00176-5 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Civil SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 307CZ UT WOS:000086637000016 ER PT J AU Dutta, PK Hui, D Kadiyala, SV AF Dutta, PK Hui, D Kadiyala, SV TI A microstructural study of Gr/Ep composite material subjected to impact SO COMPUTERS & STRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the NATO-Advanced-Study-Institue on Mechanics of Composite Materials and Structures CY JUL 12-24, 1998 CL TROIA, PORTUGAL SP NATO, Inst Adv Study, IDMEC, Inst Mech Engn, Inst Super Tecn, Tech Univ Lisbon ID EPOXY COMPOSITES AB Fracture morphology and texture were observed on the impact generated graphite/epoxy composite fragments. The work identifies and explains changes in the surface texture of the fragments generated at different impact velocities (122 to 610 m/s, 400 to 2000 ft/s) and over a wide range of specimen temperatures (-54 to 24 degrees C, -64 to 75 degrees F). The composite panels were impacted by spherical steel projectiles, acid the entire spall was carefully collected after the impact. The spall was differentiated according to different sizes and shapes. A few fragments representing each shape and size were selected to analyze the surface morphology using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Change in the surface texture was observed according to the different sizes and shapes, and the change in size and shape of the fragments was credited to the change in impact force. The results following from the close and intense observation of several SEM fractographs revealed that the surface texture of the fragments is strongly dependent on the type of forces acting at the point of impact resulting in four different modes of failure: delamination, transverse matrix cracking, fiber fracture and fiber-matrix interface debonding. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Univ New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. RP Dutta, PK (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-7949 J9 COMPUT STRUCT JI Comput. Struct. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 76 IS 1-3 BP 173 EP 181 DI 10.1016/S0045-7949(99)00168-6 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Civil SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 307CZ UT WOS:000086637000018 ER PT J AU Rostam-Abadi, F Chen, CM Kikuchi, N AF Rostam-Abadi, F Chen, CM Kikuchi, N TI Design analysis of composite laminate structures for lightweight armored vehicle by homogenization method SO COMPUTERS & STRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the NATO-Advanced-Study-Institue on Mechanics of Composite Materials and Structures CY JUL 12-24, 1998 CL TROIA, PORTUGAL SP NATO, Inst Adv Study, IDMEC, Inst Mech Engn, Inst Super Tecn, Tech Univ Lisbon ID PLATE-THEORY AB This project is in support of the US Army TACOM Composite Armored Vehicle (CAV) program and in collaboration with the University of Michigan to verify and build confidence on the homogenization analysis method of composite laminates for armored vehicles. The standard homogenization method is modified by applying the weighted material constants of the laminae of a laminate in order to reflect the nature of bending, when it is applied to form an equivalent homogenized laminate model with a single lamina. The weighting procedure is applied to the material constants through the thickness direction in which the periodic condition for the standard homogenization method is not assumed. This procedure makes appropriate change in the global stiffness of the two-dimensional homogenized single layer laminate in bending, while the unit cell model for the homogenization method is a three-dimensional. In this work, we shall describe a formulation of the weighted homogenization method together with several numerical examples to examine the validity of the present method with respect to the classical lamination theory, the first-order shear deformation theory, and the full three-dimensional elasticity. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USA, TARDEC, TACOM, Survivabil Res Div, Warren, MI 48397 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept MEAM, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Rostam-Abadi, F (reprint author), USA, TARDEC, TACOM, Survivabil Res Div, Warren, MI 48397 USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-7949 J9 COMPUT STRUCT JI Comput. Struct. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 76 IS 1-3 BP 319 EP 335 DI 10.1016/S0045-7949(99)00163-7 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Civil SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 307CZ UT WOS:000086637000030 ER PT J AU Bakaltcheva, I Ganong, JP Holtz, BL Peat, RA Reid, T AF Bakaltcheva, I Ganong, JP Holtz, BL Peat, RA Reid, T TI Effects of high-molecular-weight cryoprotectants on platelets and the coagulation system SO CRYOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cryoprotectants; coagulation; clot retraction; PVP; PEG; vitrification; freeze-drying ID RED-BLOOD-CELLS; STRESS-SPECIFIC STABILIZATION; DRYING-INDUCED DENATURATION; POLYETHYLENE-GLYCOL; HYDROXYETHYL STARCH; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; FIBRIN NETWORK; PRESERVATION; PROTEINS; DEXTRAN AB The objective of this study is to examine the effects of the most widely used high-molecular-weight cryoprotectants on the coagulation system. Dextran, hydryoxyethyl starch (HES), polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and albumin were added at different concentrations in the:range between 0.01-1% (w/v) to solvent/detergent-treated plasma. Using a STA/STA Compact coagulation analyzer the following clotting tests were performed: prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), Factor V, and Factor VIII percentage of activity. PVP and PEG caused a significant increase in APTT, a decrease in Factor Vm percentage of activity, and a slight decrease in TT, while PT and Factor V percentage of activity remained unchanged. Dextran, HES, and albumin did not effect the clotting tests. The effect of high-molecular-weight cryoprotectants on platelets was assessed by platelet-induced clot retraction (PICR) and aggregation with thrombin and agglutination with ristocetin. Platelet aggregation and agglutination were unaffected by all cryoprotectants tested; however, PICR was significantly reduced in the presence of PVP or PEG. Possible mechanisms by which PVP and PEG interfere with the coagulation system are discussed. We also raise issues concerning the development of one-step blood cryopreservation techniques which do not require cryoprotectant removal prior to transfusion. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Bakaltcheva, I (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 38 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0011-2240 J9 CRYOBIOLOGY JI Cryobiology PD JUN PY 2000 VL 40 IS 4 BP 283 EP 293 DI 10.1006/cryo.2000.2247 PG 11 WC Biology; Physiology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Physiology GA 344UK UT WOS:000088777300001 PM 10924260 ER PT J AU Bakaltcheva, I Leslie, S MacDonald, V Spargo, B Rudolph, A AF Bakaltcheva, I Leslie, S MacDonald, V Spargo, B Rudolph, A TI Reversible cross-linking and CO treatment as an approach in red cell stabilization SO CRYOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE erythrocyte; stabilization; cryopreservation; reversible cross-linking; dimethyl 3,3-dithiobispropionimidate ID ERYTHROCYTE DEFORMABILITY; BLOOD-CELLS; SHAPE; SURFACES; OUTER AB We explored the use of the reversible cross-linking reagent dimethyl 3,3-dithiobispropionimidate (DTBP) in combination with CO treatment as an approach to stabilizing erythrocyte structure and function. Erythrocytes were cross-linked with different concentrations of DTBP for different times. DTBP increased erythrocyte osmotic stability, blocked lysolecithin-induced echinocytosis, and decreased erythrocyte deformability in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Reversal of the cross-linking with the reducing agent dithioerythritol (DTE) restored osmotic fragility and response to lysolecithin as well as deformability. Complete reversal, however, is a function of the DTBP concentration and the time of cross-linking. The effects of cross-linking with 5 mM DTBP for 1 h were completely reversible after treatment with 10 mM DTE for 20 min. Longer incubation times or higher concentrations of DTBP resulted in partial reversal by DTE of the effects produced by DTBP. Cross-linking and reversal only slightly reduced the ATP content. The hemoglobin contained in the cross-linked and reversed cells could still undergo reversible oxygenation and deoxygenation. Erythrocytes were pretreated with CO, cross-linked with 5 mM DTBP for 1 or 3 h, loaded with a solution containing 500 mM glucose for 24 h, and freeze-dried in a medium containing 15% (w/v) albumin. Rehydration followed in distilled water. Complete recovery, measured as the percentage of free hemoglobin, was achieved for cells cross-linked with 5 mM DTBP for 3 h and freeze-dried to a final water content of 10-15%, Non-cross-linked cells lysed 100% on rehydration in distilled water. No methemoglobin (MetHb) formation as a result of freeze-drying was detected in GO-treated cells. In non-GO-treated cells 20% of the Hb was converted to MetHb. (C) 2000 Academic Press. C1 Geo Ctr Inc, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. George Mason Univ, Shared Res Instrumentat Facil, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Blood Res Detachment, Rockville, MD 20910 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bakaltcheva, I (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 34 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0011-2240 J9 CRYOBIOLOGY JI Cryobiology PD JUN PY 2000 VL 40 IS 4 BP 343 EP 359 DI 10.1006/cryo.2000.2257 PG 17 WC Biology; Physiology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Physiology GA 344UK UT WOS:000088777300007 PM 10924266 ER PT J AU Schwab, RA Vogel, PS Warschaw, KE AF Schwab, RA Vogel, PS Warschaw, KE TI Clindamycin-induced acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis SO CUTIS LA English DT Article AB Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis is a rare but distinctive entity that may be associated with various etiologies. Drug exposure is the most common cause. We present the first report of acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis induced by the drug clindamycin. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Schwab, RA (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 245 WEST 17TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0011-4162 J9 CUTIS JI Cutis PD JUN PY 2000 VL 65 IS 6 BP 391 EP 393 PG 3 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 325RJ UT WOS:000087689900011 PM 10879309 ER PT J AU Darden, JM Polonis, VR deSouza, MS Chantakulkij, S Brown, AE Birx, DL Pattanapanyasat, K AF Darden, JM Polonis, VR deSouza, MS Chantakulkij, S Brown, AE Birx, DL Pattanapanyasat, K TI A flow cytometric method for measuring neutralization of HIV-1 subtype B and E primary isolates SO CYTOMETRY LA English DT Article DE HIV-1 p24 antigen; flow cytometry; primary isolate neutralization ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; T-CELL CLONE; P24 ANTIGEN; ANTI-P24 ANTIBODIES; INFECTED-CELLS; TYPE-1; LYMPHOCYTES; EXPRESSION; SEROTYPES; VARIANTS AB Background: Clinical trials testing candidate human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) vaccines have required the use of HIV neutralization assays to detect responses to specific geographic subtypes of HIV-1. The variability in results seen with current p24 neutralization assay endpoints prompted us to assess the utility of flow cytometry for monitoring the neutralization of HIV-1 primary isolates. Methods: A modified neutralization assay was performed using CD8-depleted peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). The cells were fixed, permeabilized, stained with a directly conjugated HIV-1 p24 monoclonal antibody, and analyzed by flow cytometry. HIV-1 subtype B' and E primary isolates were tested using pooled sera or plasma from subtype B' or E infected patients. Results: Primary isolate cultures (without neutralizing antibody) showed from 18% to 42% p24(+) cells, depending on the virus. Less than 0.2% p24(+) cells were detected in uninfected cultures. Subtype-specific neutralization of viruses was observed using plasma or serum pools; neutralization ranged from 0% to 99% reduction of infected cells. Conclusions: Flow cytometric detection of intracellular HIV-1 p24 can be used as an endpoint assay to assess neutralization of HIV-1 subtypes B' and E primary isolates. This enumerative method has the advantage of identifying intracellular p24 in specific subsets at an early culture timepoint. It also provides an alternative quantitative endpoint for HIV neutralization assays. Cytometry 40:141-150, 2000. (C) 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Mahidol Univ, Siriraj Hosp, Ctr Excellance Flow Cytometry, Off Res & Dev, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Retrovirol, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Rockville, MD USA. RP Darden, JM (reprint author), Mahidol Univ, Siriraj Hosp, Ctr Excellance Flow Cytometry, Off Res & Dev, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. NR 52 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0196-4763 J9 CYTOMETRY JI Cytometry PD JUN 1 PY 2000 VL 40 IS 2 BP 141 EP 150 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0320(20000601)40:2<141::AID-CYTO8>3.0.CO;2-F PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 316WX UT WOS:000087192000008 PM 10805934 ER PT J AU Andersen, MC Watts, JM Freilich, JE Yool, SR Wakefield, GI McCauley, JF Fahnestock, PB AF Andersen, MC Watts, JM Freilich, JE Yool, SR Wakefield, GI McCauley, JF Fahnestock, PB TI Regression-tree modeling of desert tortoise habitat in the central Mojave Desert SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE desert tortoise; Geographic Information System (GIS); Gopherus agassizii; habitat; modeling; Mojave Desert; regression tree ID GOPHERUS-AGASSIZII; POPULATION; DROUGHT; RANGE AB This paper describes an interdisciplinary study of the habitat requirements of threatened desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii) on eight 225-ha study plots in a 14000 ha study area near the southern boundary of the U.S. Army's National Training Center at Fort Irwin in the central Mojave Desert of southern California. The objective of the study was to produce an empirical, statistical, GIS-based model of desert tortoise habitat use based on a combination of field data and data derived from various spatial databases, including satellite imagery. A total of 11 primary and secondary data layers constitute the spatial database used for this project. Vegetation and tortoise relative density data were obtained from field surveys. Regression-tree methods were used to develop the statistical model. The toe has 11 terminal nodes and a residual mean deviance of 1.985, Out of 73 potential predictors in the model specification, only eight were selected by the algorithm to be used in construction of the tree. The model suggests that tortoises tend to occur on southwest exposures and loamy soils, and that they avoid stony soils, north exposure, and areas of very low plant cover. Our results imply that soil composition and parent materials can be important determinants of habitat suitability for desert tortoises, and for burrowing animals in general. Our study also provides an example of hew the interdisciplinary integration of biology, earth sciences, GIS, and statistical modeling can reveal important aspects of the habitat requirements of endangered species. C1 New Mexico State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. USA, Topog Engn Ctr, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. Natl Pk Serv, Joshua Tree Natl Pk, Twentynine Palms, CA 92277 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Geog & Reg Dev, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Sci & Technol Corp, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Ft Irwin Soil Survey, Barstow, CA 92311 USA. RP Andersen, MC (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. NR 55 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 16 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 10 IS 3 BP 890 EP 900 DI 10.2307/2641053 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 322JN UT WOS:000087506600022 ER PT J AU Johnson, MS Vodela, JK Reddy, G Holladay, SD AF Johnson, MS Vodela, JK Reddy, G Holladay, SD TI Fate and the biochemical effects of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene exposure to tiger salamanders (Ambystoma tigrinum) SO ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY LA English DT Article DE P450; TNT; EROD; PROD; amphibian; salamander; Ambystoma ID ORAL TOXICITY; GLUTATHIONE; INDUCTION; TRINITROTOLUENE; LIVER; KIDNEY; RATS; DOGS AB Biotransformation, metabolic enzyme profiles, and the glutathione antioxidant system in tiger salamanders (Ambystoma tigrinum) from a 14-day exposure to 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) in situ were examined, Concentrations of parent compound and metabolites were measured in skin, kidney, and liver tissue. In addition, cytochrome P450 (p450) and cytochrome b5 content and their dependent isozyme activities, ethoxyresorufin O-dealkylation, pentoxyresorufin O-dealkylation, and the glutathione antioxidant system in the skin, liver, lung, kidneys, and blood were evaluated. Considerable differences were found in relative concentrations of TNT and its metabolites in the skin, relative to the liver and kidney. Trace amounts of TNT were detected only in the skin and liver of exposed animals while one of the secondary reduction metabolites, 2,6-diaminonitrotoluene, was found only in liver and kidney. Differences in the metabolite concentrations between systemic organs (liver, kidneys) and the skin suggest that the skin may be important in the primary reduction of TNT. In addition, measurable levels of these basal enzyme indicators were detected; yet of those evaluated only hepatic p450 content was affected by TNT exposure. The qualitative and quantitative differences in TNT and its metabolites in tissues suggest the fate and metabolism of the TNT in salamanders. Furthermore, results indicate that tiger salamanders possess considerable levels of xenobiotic metabolizing and antioxidant enzymes in these tissues but are not sensitive indicators of TNT exposure. (C) 2000 Academic Press. C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Toxicol Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Dynamac Corp, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Johnson, MS (reprint author), USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Toxicol Directorate, 5158 Blackhawk Rd,MCHB TS THE, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 27 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0147-6513 J9 ECOTOX ENVIRON SAFE JI Ecotox. Environ. Safe. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 46 IS 2 BP 186 EP 191 DI 10.1006/eesa.1999.1893 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 320VW UT WOS:000087422400009 PM 10831332 ER PT J AU Alonso, C Zhu, XQ Suidan, MT Kim, BR Kim, BJ AF Alonso, C Zhu, XQ Suidan, MT Kim, BR Kim, BJ TI Parameter estimation in biofilter systems SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRICKLE-BED BIOFILTERS; SIMPLIFIED MODEL; VOC REMOVAL; FILTER; DICHLOROMETHANE; BIOFILTRATION; VERIFICATION; BIOMASS; NITRATE; VAPOR AB The purpose of this research is to estimate the unknown parameters of a mathematical model of the biodegradation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in a gas phase trickle-bed biofilter, using experimental results from a two-reactor pilot-scale system treating the VOC diethyl ether. The model considers a dynamic three-phase system, (biofilm, water, and gas), nonuniform bacterial population, and one limiting substrate. The nonlinear parameter estimation was done in two stages: estimates of the steady-state model parameters were obtained first, and then, these values were used in the estimation of the remaining parameters. Experimentally obtained biofilter performance curves and batch tests were used for the estimation of the steady-state parameters: maximum rate of substrate utilization (mu(m)X(f)/Y), Monod constant (K-s), and biofilm/water diffusivity ratio for ether, r(d). Dynamic biofilter performance data were used to obtain the estimates of the six remaining parameters: yield coefficient(Y). maximum growth rate (mu(m)), rate of decay (k(d)), rate of biomass maintenance (b), initial fraction of active biomass (f(a0) = X-f/rho(S)), and coefficient of detachment (C-deT). Using the biofilter performance curves, the value of mu(m)X(f)/Y was uniquely determined, but the estimates of the parameters K-s and r(d) were highly correlated. High values of K(s)and r(d) gave similar results as low values of both parameters. Batch tests using the bacterial population from the reactor and ether as the only substrate were used to determine the value of K-s without diffusional interferences. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Ford Motor Co, Res Lab, Dept Chem, Dearborn, MI 48121 USA. USA, Construct Engn Res Lab, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. RP Suidan, MT (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. NR 16 TC 24 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN 1 PY 2000 VL 34 IS 11 BP 2318 EP 2323 DI 10.1021/es990329o PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 320GX UT WOS:000087394400052 ER PT J AU Tran, TV Letowski, T Abouchacra, KS AF Tran, TV Letowski, T Abouchacra, KS TI Evaluation of acoustic beacon characteristics for navigation tasks SO ERGONOMICS LA English DT Article DE navigation; acoustic beacons; auditory displays; localization accuracy; sound quality assessment ID LOCALIZATION AB The goal of the present study was to investigate the human factors issues related to acoustic beacons used for auditory navigation. Specific issues addressed were: (1) the effect of various beacon characteristics on human accuracy in turning toward the direction of the acoustic beacon; (2) the difference between real and virtual environments on human accuracy in turning toward the acoustic beacon; and (3) the perceived sound quality of various acoustic beacons. Three experiments were conducted in which acoustic beacons were presented in a background of 80 dBA pink noise. Results of the localization tasks revealed that (a) presentation mode (continuous versus pulsed beacon sound) did not affect the overall localization accuracy or number of front-back confusion errors; and (b) the type of acoustic beacon affected the size of localization error. Results of the sound quality assessment indicated that listeners had definite preferences regarding the type of sound being used as a beacon, with (a) non-speech beacons preferred over speech beacons, (b) a beacon repetition rate of 1.1 rps preferred over either the 0.7 or 2.5 rps rates, and (c) a continuous operation of a beacon preferred over a pulsed operation. Finally, sound quality ratings and localization errors were highly negatively correlated. This finding demonstrates the usefulness and practical values of sound quality judgements for audio display design and evaluation. C1 USA, Res Lab, Human Res & Engn Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Letowski, T (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Human Res & Engn Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 21 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND SN 0014-0139 J9 ERGONOMICS JI Ergonomics PD JUN PY 2000 VL 43 IS 6 BP 807 EP 827 DI 10.1080/001401300404760 PG 21 WC Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Engineering; Psychology GA 330VB UT WOS:000087980900011 PM 10902889 ER PT J AU Alving, CR Grabenstein, JD AF Alving, CR Grabenstein, JD TI Untitled SO EXPERIMENTAL AND MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Alving, CR (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 2 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0014-4800 J9 EXP MOL PATHOL JI Exp. Mol. Pathol. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 68 IS 3 BP 196 EP 197 DI 10.1006/exmp.2000.2314 PG 2 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 319PU UT WOS:000087351000007 PM 10816387 ER PT J AU Warne, AG Toth, LA White, WA AF Warne, AG Toth, LA White, WA TI Drainage-basin-scale geomorphic analysis to determine reference conditions for ecologic restoration - Kissimmee River, Florida SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE drainage basin analysis; Everglades; fluvial geomorphology; hydrology; Kissimmee River; morphometry ID RIPARIAN VEGETATION; UNITED-STATES; PERSPECTIVE; PATTERNS; LAKE AB Major controls on the retention, distribution, and discharge of surface water in the historic (precanal) Kissimmee drainage basin and river were investigated to determine reference conditions for ecosystem restoration. Precanal Kissimmee drainage-basin hydrology was largely controlled by landforms derived from relict, coastal ridge, lagoon, and shallow-shelf features; widespread carbonate solution depressions; and a poorly developed fluvial drainage network. Prior to channelization for flood control, the Kissimmee River was a very low gradient, moderately meandering river that flowed from Lake Kissimmee to Lake Okeechobee through the lower drainage basin. We infer that during normal wet seasons, river discharge rapidly exceeded Lake Okeechobee outflow capacity, and excess surface water hacked up into the low-gradient Kissimmee River. This backwater effect induced bankfull and peak discharge early in the flood cycle and transformed the flood plain into a shallow aquatic system with both lacustrine and riverine characteristics. The large volumes of surface water retained in the lakes and wetlands of the upper basin maintained overbank now conditions for several months after peak discharge. Analysis indicates that most of the geomorphic work on the channel and flood plain occurred during the frequently recurring extended periods of overbank discharge and that discharge volume may have been significant in determining channel dimensions. Comparison of hydrogeomorphic relationships with other river systems identified links between geomorphology and hydrology of the precanal Kissimmee River. However, drainage-basin and hydraulic geometry models derived solely from general populations of river systems may produce spurious reference conditions for restoration design criteria. C1 USA, Waterways Expt Stn, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Watershed Res & Planning Dept, S Florida Water Management Dist, W Palm Beach, FL 33406 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Geol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Warne, AG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, GSA Ctr, 651 Fed Dr, Guaynabo, PR 00965 USA. NR 81 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 16 PU ASSOC ENGINEERING GEOLOGISTS GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI COLLEGE STN PA TEXAS A & M UNIV, DEPT GEOLOGY & GEOPHYSICS, COLLEGE STN, TX 77843-3115 USA SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 112 IS 6 BP 884 EP 899 DI 10.1130/0016-7606(2000)112<0884:DBSGAT>2.3.CO;2 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 319AM UT WOS:000087316900007 ER PT J AU Wereszczak, A Wang, H Karakus, M Curtis, W Aume, V VerDow, D AF Wereszczak, A Wang, H Karakus, M Curtis, W Aume, V VerDow, D TI Postmortem analyses of salvaged conventional silica bricks from glass production furnaces SO GLASS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-GLASTECHNISCHE BERICHTE LA English DT Article ID THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; DIFFUSIVITY AB The microstructure, phase content, and thermal conductivity of salvaged conventional silica bricks from float glass and TV-panel glass production furnaces were examined as a function of position through the brick, and compared with the original, unaltered brick materials. The silica brick from the float glass furnace was in service for approximately 10 years while that for the TV-panel glass furnace was for approximately 6 1/2 years. The microstructure and phase content in both salvaged bricks showed gradients, from tridymite at the bricks' cold-face ends, to cristobalite at their hot-face end even though both bricks were an initial mixture of tridymite and cristobalite to begin with. The thermal conductivity of both bricks had increased as a consequence of these phase and microstructural changes. A thermal analysis model predicted that such changes would result in an increase in the bricks' cold-face temperature and heat content during service. The initially-produced temperature gradients and environment caused microstructural changes in the silica brick; however, the cause-and-effect relationship between temperature/environment and microstructural changes in the brick likely became mutually reversible once the microstructural changes initiated and the thermal conductivity of the brick started to change as a consequence. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Ceram Engn, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, High Temp Mat Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. PPG Ind Inc, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Thomson Consumer Elect, Circleville, OH 43130 USA. RP Wereszczak, A (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, ATTN AMSRL-WM-MC, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RI Wang, Hsin/A-1942-2013; Wereszczak, Andrew/I-7310-2016 OI Wang, Hsin/0000-0003-2426-9867; Wereszczak, Andrew/0000-0002-8344-092X NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU VERLAG DEUTSCHEN GLASTECHNISCHEN PI FRANKFURT PA MENDELSSOHNSTR 75-77, D-60325 FRANKFURT, GERMANY SN 0946-7475 J9 GLASS SCI TECHNOL JI Glass Sci Technol.-Glastech. Ber. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 73 IS 6 BP 165 EP 174 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 340LU UT WOS:000088535700001 ER PT J AU Schmitz, MJ Hendricks, DT Farley, J Taylor, RR Geradts, J Rose, GS Birrer, MJ AF Schmitz, MJ Hendricks, DT Farley, J Taylor, RR Geradts, J Rose, GS Birrer, MJ TI P27 and cyclin D1 abnormalities in uterine papillary serous carcinoma SO GYNECOLOGIC ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE uterine papillary serous carcinoma; endometrial cancer; p27; cyclin D1; p53; p16; Rb; K-ras ID DEPENDENT KINASE INHIBITOR; EPITHELIAL OVARIAN-TUMORS; RETINOBLASTOMA PROTEIN EXPRESSION; ENDOMETRIAL CARCINOMA; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL DETECTION; REDUCED EXPRESSION; P53 OVEREXPRESSION; PROGNOSTIC FACTOR; GENE-PRODUCT; P15 GENES AB Objective, The expression status of p27 and cyclin D1 was examined in 21 uterine papillary serous carcinoma (UPSC) specimens to determine the role of these genes in the development of this disease. The status of p53, p16, Rb, and K-ras was also determined in these tissues so that a marker profile for UPSC could be compared with the published marker profile for other forms of endometrial and ovarian cancer. Methods. Immunohistochemistry was performed on 21 UPSC tissue sections to determine the expression status of p27, cyclin D1, p53, p16, and Rb, K-ras mutations were identified by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of DNA isolated from the UPSC sections. Results. All specimens displayed at least one molecular abnormality. A high incidence of p27 alterations were observed, with reduced p27 expression measured in 16 of 21 (76%) tumors, followed by p53 alterations observed in 13 of 21 (62%) tumors. The p27 abnormalities occur at an early stage of the disease, with 63% (5/8) of Stage I cases displaying reduced p27 expression. Cyclin D1 overexpression was observed in 4 of 21 (19%) specimens, whereas p16, Rb, and K-ras abnormalities were each observed in 2 of 21 specimens (10%). Both K-ras mutations were at codon 12. The p16 and Rb abnormalities coexisted in the same specimens. Conclusion. UPSC tumors display a high incidence of p27 abnormalities, suggesting that p27 abnormalities play an important role in the development of this disease. Our results also indicate that cyclin D1 overexpression is involved in the development of a small number of UPSC cases. A comparison of our results with reports by other authors suggests that UPSC shares molecular marker alterations with both ovarian cancer and endometrioid adenocarcinoma. (C) 2000 Academic Press. C1 NCI, Cell & Canc Biol Dept, Med Branch,Mol Mechanisms Sect, Div Clin Sci,NIH, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Div Gynecol Oncol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Univ Oxford, John Radcliffe Hosp, Nuffield Dept Pathol & Bacteriol, Oxford OX3 9DU, England. RP Birrer, MJ (reprint author), NCI, Cell & Canc Biol Dept, Med Branch,Mol Mechanisms Sect, Div Clin Sci,NIH, 9610 Med Ctr Dr,Room 300, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. NR 41 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0090-8258 J9 GYNECOL ONCOL JI Gynecol. Oncol. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 77 IS 3 BP 439 EP 445 DI 10.1006/gyno.2000.5814 PG 7 WC Oncology; Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Oncology; Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 323CH UT WOS:000087546900017 PM 10831356 ER PT J AU Bradshaw, JL Bruno, JD Pham, JT Wortman, DE Yang, RQ AF Bradshaw, JL Bruno, JD Pham, JT Wortman, DE Yang, RQ TI Continuous wave operation of type-II interband cascade lasers SO IEE PROCEEDINGS-OPTOELECTRONICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Mid-IR Optoelectronics - Materials and Devices (MIOMD 99) CY SEP, 1999 CL AACHEN, GERMANY ID QUANTUM-WELLS AB Continous wave operation of interband cascade lasers based on type-II InAs/Ga(In)Sb heterostructures is reported. The interband cascade lasers, consisting of 23 cascaded active regions, lased at wavelengths near 4 mu m. continuous wave operation was observed from 60-110 mu m wide by 1.02 mm long mesa-stripe lasers at temperatures up to 70 K. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Bradshaw, JL (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Bradshaw, John/E-8330-2011 NR 17 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1350-2433 J9 IEE P-OPTOELECTRON JI IEE Proc.-Optoelectron. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 147 IS 3 BP 177 EP 180 DI 10.1049/ip-opt:20000299 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA 346PU UT WOS:000088880900007 ER PT J AU Harrison, LJ Tayag, TJ Simonis, GJ Stead, M Euliss, GW Leavitt, RP AF Harrison, LJ Tayag, TJ Simonis, GJ Stead, M Euliss, GW Leavitt, RP TI Monolithic integration of 1.3-mu m Stark-ladder electroabsorption waveguide modulators with multimode-interference splitters SO IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE electroabsorption modulators; integrated optics; optical beam splitting; optical waveguides ID GUIDE AB In this letter, we describe a novel fabrication process for the monolithic integration of a waveguide power splitter based on the multimode-interference effect with multiple-quantum well (MQW) electroabsorption modulators based on the Stark-ladder effect. The integrated device is fabricated by a one-step epitaxy process using molecular-beam-epitaxy growth and three lithographic steps that eliminates the need for aligned regrowth of the MQW modulator. Experimental results of the modulation depth and wavelength dependence are also reported. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Texas Christian Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Ft Worth, TX 76129 USA. RP Harrison, LJ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 7 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1041-1135 J9 IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L JI IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 12 IS 6 BP 657 EP 659 DI 10.1109/68.849075 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 334VW UT WOS:000088207200023 ER PT J AU Beck, WA Mirotznik, MS AF Beck, WA Mirotznik, MS TI Generalized analysis of stability and numerical dispersion in the discrete-convolution FDTD method SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE FDTD methods; numerical dispersion; stability analysis ID WAVE-PROPAGATION; IMPLEMENTATION; DIELECTRICS; PLASMA; MEDIA AB A simple technique is described for determining the stability and numerical dispersion of finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) calculations that are linear, second-order in space and time, and include dispersion by the discrete convolution method. The technique is applicable to anisotropic materials. Numerical examples demonstrate the accuracy of the technique for several anisotropic and/or dispersive materials. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Elect Engn, Washington, DC 20064 USA. RP Beck, WA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 48 IS 6 BP 887 EP 894 DI 10.1109/8.865220 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 349TM UT WOS:000089061700005 ER PT J AU Schwering, EK Morgan, MA AF Schwering, EK Morgan, MA TI On the link between top-hat monopole antennas, disk-resonator diode mounts and coaxial-to-waveguide transitions - Authors' reply SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Letter DE antennas; cylindrical wave function modal analysis method; fictitious PEC ground screen; half-space terminations; radiation; top hat monopole antennas; waveguide feeds; waveguide transitions ID MODAL-EXPANSION METHOD C1 Headquarters USA, Commun Elect Command, Dept Army, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Schwering, EK (reprint author), Headquarters USA, Commun Elect Command, Dept Army, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 48 IS 6 BP 1013 EP 1014 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 349TM UT WOS:000089061700028 ER PT J AU Blaha, M Bowers, W Kohl, J DuBose, D Walker, J AF Blaha, M Bowers, W Kohl, J DuBose, D Walker, J TI IL-1-related cytokine responses of nonimmune skin cells subjected to CEES exposure with and without potential vesicant antagonists SO IN VITRO & MOLECULAR TOXICOLOGY-A JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HAIRLESS GUINEA-PIGS; HUMAN EPIDERMAL-KERATINOCYTES; INTERLEUKIN-1 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; INDUCED CUTANEOUS LESIONS; CHEMICAL WARFARE AGENT; SULFUR MUSTARD; 2-CHLOROETHYLETHYL SULFIDE; 2,2'-DICHLORODIETHYL SULFIDE; HISTOPATHOLOGIC FEATURES; IN-VITRO AB Sulfur mustard provokes an acute inflammatory response in skin. To determine if keratinocytes regulate this response and whether three potential vesicant antagonists can counteract adverse changes, specimens of EpiDerm(TM) (MatTek Corp., Ashland, MA), a human skin model of differentiating keratinocytes, were exposed 2 h to humidified air with or without 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES, 1.72-1.73 mg/L/min) with or a without 10 mM niacinamide, a poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor, 25 mu M CGS9343B (calmodulin antagonist), or 8.4 mM leupeptin (cysteine protease inhibitor), After a 22-h incubation, levels of interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha), its receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), soluble type II receptor (sIL-1RII and prostaglandin-E-2 (PGE(2)) were determined. Methylthiazole tetrazolium (MTT) viability tests and histological observations were also conducted. PGE(2) levels were abundant but unaffected by GEES regardless of antagonist presence. Total amounts (media plus lysate) of IL-1 alpha, IL-1Ra, and sIL-1RII were reduced with GEES irrespective of antagonist. GEES promoted the release of IL-1Ra, Exposure of EpiDerm to GEES in the presence of the vesicant antagonists did not improve viability or counteract histological damage. We conclude GEES depresses total IL-1 alpha and related cytokines, does not affect PGE2 release, and adverse changes associated with GEES-exposed EpiDerm are not ameliorated by these particular antagonists. Dramatically increased (5- to 10-fold) release of IL-1Ra may provide a useful marker for cytotoxicity, The high level of IL-1Ra and increased release with injury suggest a primary function in down-regulating IL-1 inflammatory responses in skin. C1 USA, Inst Environm Med, Natick, MA 01760 USA. USA, Soldier & Biol Chem Command, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Blaha, M (reprint author), USA, Inst Environm Med, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 51 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1097-9336 J9 IN VITRO MOL TOXICOL JI In Vitro Mol. Toxicol.-J. Basic Appl. Res. PD SUM PY 2000 VL 13 IS 2 BP 99 EP 111 PG 13 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 357DD UT WOS:000089482500003 PM 11031321 ER PT J AU Stiles, BG Hale, ML Marvaud, JC Popoff, MR AF Stiles, BG Hale, ML Marvaud, JC Popoff, MR TI Clostridium perfringens iota toxin: Binding studies and characterization of cell surface receptor by fluorescence-activated cytometry SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID BOTULINUM C-2 TOXIN; PROTECTIVE ANTIGEN; ANTHRAX TOXIN; BINARY TOXIN; SPIROFORME TOXIN; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; C2 TOXIN; ACTIN; RABBITS; PURIFICATION AB The binding characteristics of iota toxin, a binary enterotoxin produced by Clostridium perfringens type E. were studied by fluorescence-activated cytometry. The proteolytically activated binding component of iota toxin, iota b (Ib), bound to various cell types when incubated at 4, 25, or 37 degrees C for 10 min. The binding of Ib was inhibited by antisera against C, perfringens type E or Clostridium spiroforme culture supernatants, but not C, perfringens types C or D, Pretreatment of Vero cells with glycosidases or lectins did not affect Ib interactions, while pronase effectively prevented Ib binding to the cell surface. The Ib protomer (Ibp) bound to the cell surface, but trypsinization of mp was necessary for docking of the ADP-ribosylating component, iota a (Ia), Ia attached to cell-bound Ib within 10 min at 37 degrees C, but surface levels of Ia decreased 90% after 30 min and were undetectable by 60 min. Detectable surface levels of Ib also diminished over time, and Western blot analysis suggested internalization or embedment of Ib into the membrane. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Dept Immunol & Mol Biol, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. Inst Pasteur, Unite Toxines Microbiennes, Paris, France. RP Stiles, BG (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Dept Immunol & Mol Biol, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. NR 33 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 68 IS 6 BP 3475 EP 3484 DI 10.1128/IAI.68.6.3475-3484.2000 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 316LF UT WOS:000087167900057 PM 10816501 ER PT J AU Fernandez-Prada, CM Hoover, DL Tall, BD Hartman, AB Kopelowitz, J Venkatesan, MM AF Fernandez-Prada, CM Hoover, DL Tall, BD Hartman, AB Kopelowitz, J Venkatesan, MM TI Shigella flexneri IpaH(7.8) facilitates escape of virulent bacteria from the endocytic vacuoles of mouse and human macrophages SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID MONOCYTE-DERIVED MACROPHAGES; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; INDUCED APOPTOSIS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; PROMOTES ENTRY; IPA PROTEINS; ANTIGEN GENE; INVASION; PLASMID AB The behavior of Shigella flexneri ipaH mutants was studied in human monocyte-derived macrophages (HMDM), in I-day-old human monocytes, and in J774 mouse macrophage cell line. In HMDM, strain pWR700, an ipaH(7.8) deletion mutant of S. flexneri 2a strain 2457T, behaved like the wild-type strain 2457T. This strain caused rapid host cell death by oncosis, and few bacterial CFU were recovered after incubation in the presence of gentamicin as previously described for 2457T-infected HMDM. However, analysis of bacterial compartmentalization within endocytic vacuoles with gentamicin and chloroquine indicated that more pWR700 than 2457T was present within the endocytic vacuoles of HMDM, suggesting that ipaH(9.8) deletion mutant transited more slowly from the vacuoles to the cytoplasm. In contrast to findings with HMDM, CFU recovered from pVVR700infected mouse J774 cells were 2 to 3 logs higher than CFU from 2457T-infected J774 cells. These values exceeded CFU recovered after infection of J774 cells with plasmid-cured avirulent strain M4243A1. Incubation with gentamicin and chloroquine clearly showed that pWR700 within J774 cells was mostly present within the endocytic vacuoles. This distribution pattern was similar to that seen with M4243A1 and contrasted with the pattern seen with 2457T. Complementation of pWR700 with a recombinant clone expressing ipaH(7.8) restored the intracellular distribution of bacteria to that seen with the wild-type strain. Strains with deletions in ipaH(4.5) or ipaH(9.8), however, behaved like 2457T in both HMDM and J774 cells. The distribution profile of pWR700 in 1-day-old monocytes was similar to that seen in J774 cells. Like infected J774 cells, 1-day-old human monocytes demonstrated apoptosis upon infection with virulent Shigella. These results suggest that a role of the ipaH(9.8) gene product is to facilitate the escape of the virulent bacteria from the phagocytic vacuole of monocytes and macrophages. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Enter Infect, Div Communicable Dis & Immunol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Bacterial Dis, Div Communicable Dis & Immunol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. US FDA, CFSAN, Microbial Ecol Branch, Washington, DC 20204 USA. RP Venkatesan, MM (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Enter Infect, Div Communicable Dis & Immunol, 503 Robert Grant Ave,Room 3S12, Washington, DC 20307 USA. OI Tall, Ben/0000-0003-0399-3629 NR 46 TC 68 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 68 IS 6 BP 3608 EP 3619 DI 10.1128/IAI.68.6.3608-3619.2000 PG 12 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 316LF UT WOS:000087167900075 PM 10816519 ER PT J AU Liu, DS Raju, BB Dang, XL AF Liu, DS Raju, BB Dang, XL TI Impact perforation resistance of laminated and assembled composite plates SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Impact Engineering CY DEC 07-09, 1998 CL SINGAPORE, SINGAPORE DE laminated; assembled; composite plates; penetration; perforation ID PENETRATION AB A previous study on impact response of composite laminates concluded that impact perforation was the most important damage stage in composite laminates subjected to impact loading since impact characteristics and degradation of mechanical properties of composite laminates reached critical levels once perforation took place. It was also found that thickness had a greater influence on impact perforation resistance than in-plane dimensions. However, as the composite laminates became very thick, the manufacturing cost for obtaining high-quality composite laminates could become unaffordable. In an effort to meet design requirements and to reduce manufacturing costs, assembled composite plates, which were organized by assembling multiple thin composite laminates together, were considered as alternatives to thick laminated composite plates. Various joining techniques including mechanical riveting, adhesive bonding, stitching and their combinations were used in assembling two- and four-laminate plates. Experimental results revealed that epoxy bonding outperformed other joining techniques. Although good bonding resulted in a higher impact bending stiffness and subsequently a higher perforation threshold, increasing the laminate thickness, or the number of laminates, was found to be more efficient in raising perforation threshold than improving the joining stiffness. As a major finding of the study, the assembled composite plates were found to have perforation thresholds similar to the laminated counterpart. Hence, the former could be used to replace the latter, at least, as far as perforation threshold was concerned. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. USA, Tank Automot Res, Ctr Dev & Engn, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Liu, DS (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NR 16 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0734-743X J9 INT J IMPACT ENG JI Int. J. Impact Eng. PD JUN-JUL PY 2000 VL 24 IS 6-7 BP 733 EP 746 DI 10.1016/S0734-743X(00)00021-X PG 14 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 325FT UT WOS:000087666100016 ER PT J AU Warber, JP Patton, JF Tharion, WJ Zeisel, SH Mello, RP Kemnitz, CP Lieberman, HR AF Warber, JP Patton, JF Tharion, WJ Zeisel, SH Mello, RP Kemnitz, CP Lieberman, HR TI The effects of choline supplementation on physical performance SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORT NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE sports nutrition; nutritional ergogenics; sports supplements ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ACETYLCHOLINE; CONSUMPTION; INCREASE; FATIGUE AB It has been reported that plasma choline levels decrease following certain types of strenuous exercise. Preliminary findings also suggest that a drop in plasma choline may limit physical performance, while choline supplementation may delay fatigue during prolonged efforts. A double-blind crossover design was used to determine the relationship between plasma choline and performance during and after 4 hr of strenuous exercise. Volunteers (N = 14) received either a placebo or treatment beverage (8.425 g choline citrate) prior to and midway through a 4-hr load carriage treadmill exercise (3% grade at 5.6 km/h X 20 km) carrying a total load of 34.1 kg. Following the treadmill test, Nn time-to-exhaustion and squat tests were performed, and perceived exertion, plasma choline, glycerophosphocholine, and phosphatidylcholine were measured. Plasma choline levels increased 128% after the run-to-exhaustion with the choline supplemented beverage but remained unchanged with the placebo beverage. No significant effects were seen with choline supplementation on any outcome performance measure. Consequently, soldiers conditioned to carry heavy loads over long distances do not deplete plasma choline as a result of a prolonged exhaustive exercise under a placebo beverage, nor do they benefit from choline supplementation to delay fatigue under the same conditions. C1 USA, Inst Environm Med, Milit Nutr & Biochem Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Nutr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Warber, JP (reprint author), USA, Womack Med Ctr, Nutr Care Div, Ft Bragg, NC 28307 USA. NR 34 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 5 PU HUMAN KINETICS PUBL INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1607 N MARKET ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820-2200 USA SN 1050-1606 J9 INT J SPORT NUTR JI Int. J. Sport Nutr. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 10 IS 2 BP 170 EP 181 PG 12 WC Nutrition & Dietetics; Sport Sciences SC Nutrition & Dietetics; Sport Sciences GA 325UK UT WOS:000087694700009 PM 10861337 ER PT J AU Crowne, FJ AF Crowne, FJ TI Dyakonov-Shur plasma excitations in the channel of a real high-electron mobility transistor SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTOR; TWO-DIMENSIONAL ELECTRON; INSTABILITY; MECHANISM AB The arguments leading to the prediction of instability of plasma excitations in a drifting 2D electron gas given by Dyakonov and Shur are made more rigorous by treating a real high-electron mobility transistor (HEMT) channel biased in its ohmic region (i.e., below pinchoff), including nonuniformity of the channel charge density. Expressions are derived for the changes in resonant frequency and gain of the Dyakonov-Shur modes arising from finite channel mobility and density nonuniformity to first order in the momentum relaxation time. It is found that channel nonuniformity (constriction) weakens the instability, in keeping with the recent results of Cheremisin and Samsonidze [Semiconductors 33, 578 (1999)], possibly explaining why it has not been observed in real HEMTs. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0021- 8979(00)07511-3]. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Crowne, FJ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 14 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2000 VL 87 IS 11 BP 8056 EP 8063 DI 10.1063/1.373497 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 314QP UT WOS:000087067400070 ER PT J AU Dishman, RK Warren, JM Hong, S Bunnell, BN Mougey, EH Meyerhoff, JL Jaso-Friedmann, L Evans, DL AF Dishman, RK Warren, JM Hong, S Bunnell, BN Mougey, EH Meyerhoff, JL Jaso-Friedmann, L Evans, DL TI Treadmill exercise training blunts suppression of splenic natural killer cell cytolysis after footshock SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE lymphocytes; ACTH; corticosterone; prolactin ID NEUROPEPTIDE-Y; NK CELLS; STRESS; RATS; MICE; CYTOTOXICITY; IMMUNITY; MODULATION; RESPONSES; CATECHOLAMINES AB This study extended to treadmill exercise training our prior report (Dishman RK, Warren JM, Youngstedt SD, Yoo H, Bunnell BN, Mougey EH, MeyerhoffJl, Jaso-Friedmann L, and Evans DL. JAppl Physiol 78: 1547-1554, 1995) that activity wheel running abolished the suppression of footshock-induced natural killer (NK) cell cytolysis. Twenty-four male Fischer 344 rats were assigned to one of three groups (n = 8, all groups): 1) a home-cage control group, 2) a sedentary treatment group, or 3) a treadmill-running group (0 degrees incline, 25 m/min, 35 min/day, 6 days/wk). After 6 wk, the treadmill and sedentary groups received 2 days of footshock. Splenic NK cytotoxicity was determined by standard 4-h Cr-51 release assay. Percentages of lymphocytes were determined by flow cytometry. Plasma levels of ACTH, corticosterone, and prolactin concentration were measured by radioimmunoassay. After footshock, percentage of lysis relative to home-cage controls was 40% and 80% for sedentary and treadmill-trained animals, respectively (P < 0.05). Our results indicate that the protective effect of chronic exercise on innate cellular immunity in the Fischer 344 male rat is not restricted to activity wheel running, nor is it explained by elevations in basal NK activity, increased percentages of splenic NK and cytotoxic T cells, or increased plasma levels of ACTH, corticosterone, and prolactin. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Exercise Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Psychol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Med Microbiol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Med Neurosci, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Dishman, RK (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Exercise Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 56 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 8750-7587 J9 J APPL PHYSIOL JI J. Appl. Physiol. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 88 IS 6 BP 2176 EP 2182 PG 7 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA 324CA UT WOS:000087603200032 PM 10846033 ER PT J AU Nindl, BC Harman, EA Marx, JO Gotshalk, LA Frykman, PN Lammi, E Palmer, C Kraemer, WJ AF Nindl, BC Harman, EA Marx, JO Gotshalk, LA Frykman, PN Lammi, E Palmer, C Kraemer, WJ TI Regional body composition changes in women after 6 months of periodized physical training SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; magnetic resonance imaging; resistance training; body fat ID X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY; SOFT-TISSUE COMPOSITION; BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; PREMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; FAT DISTRIBUTION; MUSCLE MASS; YOUNG-WOMEN; WEIGHT-LOSS; STRENGTH AB Data are lacking regarding regional morphological changes among women after prolonged physical training. This study employed dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry to assess changes in whole body and regional (i.e., trunk, legs, arms) fat mass, lean mass, and bone mineral content body composition adaptations in 31 healthy women pre-, mid-, and post-6 mo of periodized physical training. These results were compared with those of 1) a control group of women who had not undergone the training program and were assessed pre-and post-6 mo and 2) a group of 18 men that was tested only once. Additionally, magnetic resonance imaging was used to assess changes in muscle morphology of the thigh in a subset of 11 members of the training group. Physical training consisted of a combination of aerobic and resistance exercise in which the subjects engaged for 5 days/wk for 24 wk. Overall, the training group experienced a 2.2% decrease, a 10% decrease, and a 2.2% increase for body mass, fat mass, and soft tissue lean mass, respectively. No changes in bone mineral content were detected. The women had less of their soft tissue lean mass distributed in their arms than did the men, both before and after the women were trained, Novel to this study were the striking differences in the responses in the tissue composition of the arms (31% loss in fat mass but no change in lean mass) compared with the legs (5.5% gain in lean mass but no change in fat mass). There was a 12% fat loss in the trunk with no change in soft tissue lean mass. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and magnetic resonance imaging fat mass measurements showed good agreement (r = 0.72-0.92); their lean mass measurements were similar as well, showing similar to 5.5% increases in leg lean tissue. These findings show the importance of considering regional body composition changes, rather than whole body changes alone when assessing the effects of a periodized physical training program. C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Mil Performance Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Kinesiol, Intercoll Program Physiol, Lab Sports Med, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Ball State Univ, Human Performance Lab, Muncie, IN 47306 USA. RP Nindl, BC (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Mil Performance Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. EM Bradley.Nindl@NA.AMEDD.Army.Mil NR 27 TC 52 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 8750-7587 J9 J APPL PHYSIOL JI J. Appl. Physiol. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 88 IS 6 BP 2251 EP 2259 PG 9 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA 324CA UT WOS:000087603200042 PM 10846043 ER PT J AU Meffert, RH Inoue, N Tis, JE Brug, E Chao, EYS AF Meffert, RH Inoue, N Tis, JE Brug, E Chao, EYS TI Distraction osteogenesis after acute limb-shortening for segmental tibial defects - Comparison of a monofocal and a bifocal technique in rabbits SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND JOINT SURGERY-AMERICAN VOLUME LA English DT Article ID CALLUS DISTRACTION; LOWER LEG; OSTEOMYELITIS; FRACTURES; LENGTH AB Background: Segmental bone defects can be treated with immediate limb-shortening followed by monofocal or bifocal distraction osteogenesis, In the present study, the efficacy of monofocal distraction osteogenesis was compared with that of bifocal distraction osteogenesis in a rabbit model. Methods: Twenty-four skeletally mature New Zealand White rabbits were divided into two equal groups: one group had monofocal distraction osteosynthesis, and the other had bifocal distraction osteosynthesis. In both groups, a one-centimeter-long segment of bone was resected from the midpart of the tibial shaft. In the monofocal reconstruction group, the limb was immediately shortened to close the segmental defect and the defect was allowed to heal for ten days. Lengthening was then begun at this site, with use of a specially designed external fixator, at a rate of 0.5 millimeter per twelve hours. In the bifocal reconstruction group, the segmental defect was closed immediately and the fragments mere fixed with microplates. A subperiosteal osteotomy was performed proximal to the tibiofibular junction, and lengthening was performed at the site of the osteotomy, The animals in both groups were killed twenty days after the lengthening was completed. Newbone formation then was evaluated with use of radiographs, densitometry; biomechanical testing, and histological and histomorphometric analysis. Results: Osseous consolidation occurred in all but one of the animals. Biomechanical testing demonstrated that the tibiae that had been treated with use of the simple monofocal reconstruction technique tended to have greater torsional stiffness (p = 0.14) and strength (p = 0.09), Follow-up radiographs revealed that both groups had a significant decrease in radiolucent area (p < 0.05), which occurred at essentially the same rate after lengthening. No significant differences were found between the groups with respect to new-bone mineral density, new-bone area, or the amount of callus. Thus, after resection of a diaphyseal bone segment comprising 10 percent of the original length of the tibia and acute shortening, limb reconstruction was completed successfully through distraction osteogenesis with use of either a monofocal or a bifocal technique in rabbits. Conclusions: In the present study both monofocal and bifocal techniques of shortening and distraction osteogenesis were effective for the reconstruction of segmental bone defects. Under some conditions, the monofocal method may provide a simpler means of treating such defects. Clinical Relevance: Damage to the soft-tissue envelope as well as venous and lymphatic stasis impose limits on the amount of limb-shortening that can be achieved,vith use of the monofocal method and also influence the indications for this procedure in the clinical setting. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Orthopaed Biomech Lab, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Orthopaed Surg Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Univ Munster, Dept Trauma & Hand Surg, D-48129 Munster, Germany. RP Meffert, RH (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Orthopaed Biomech Lab, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Ross Res Bldg,720 Rutland Ave,Room 235, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. NR 48 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOURNAL BONE JOINT SURGERY INC PI NEEDHAM PA 20 PICKERING ST, NEEDHAM, MA 02192 USA SN 0021-9355 J9 J BONE JOINT SURG AM JI J. Bone Joint Surg.-Am. Vol. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 82A IS 6 BP 799 EP 808 PG 10 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 321YR UT WOS:000087483400006 PM 10859099 ER PT J AU DiFazio, MP Davis, RG AF DiFazio, MP Davis, RG TI Utility of early single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in neonatal gelastic epilepsy associated with hypothalamic hamartoma SO JOURNAL OF CHILD NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEIZURES; LAUGHTER AB Gelastic epilepsy, or laughing seizures, is a rare seizure manifestation often associated with hypothalamic hamartoma This seizure type is well described in older children and adults, but has only rarely been reported in neonates, oftentimes recognized in retrospect when the children are older. We report a child diagnosed at 3 months of age with a large hypothalamic mass after evaluation for spells occurring since birth. The spells were characterized by bursts of hyperpnea, followed by repeated "cooing" respirations, giggling, and smiling. These spells were recognized soon after birth in the delivery room, and occurred at 15-20 minute intervals. They did not interrupt feeding and occurred during sleep. On referral to our center, the patient was noted to be thriving, with normal medical and neurologic examinations except for his spells. The laboratory evaluation was normal, as were endocrine and ophthalmologic evaluations. Neuroimaging was performed, with magnetic resonance imaging demonstrating a large 2.8-cm isodense, nonenhancing hypothalamic mass. Electroencephalogram was abnormal, demonstrating bi-frontal sharp and spike-wave discharges. Video-EEG did not demonstrate ictal discharges associated with the patient's spells. Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) demonstrated dramatic ictal uptake in the area of the tumor, with normalization during the numerical phase. Partial excision of hamartomatous tissue has minimally improved the spells. In conclusion, his patient manifested an unusual, early presentation of a rare seizure type. SPECT scanning confirmed the intrinsic epileptogenesis of the hamartoma, further justifying a surgical approach to such patients. Early surgical intervention is probably indicated in an attempt to minimize or prevent: the cognitive and behavioral sequelae commonly seen with this seizure type. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Child & Adolescent Neurol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP DiFazio, MP (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Child & Adolescent Neurol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 14 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU DECKER PERIODICALS INC PI HAMILTON PA 4 HUGHSON STREET SOUTH PO BOX 620, LCD 1, HAMILTON, ONTARIO L8N 3K7, CANADA SN 0883-0738 J9 J CHILD NEUROL JI J. Child Neurol. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 15 IS 6 BP 414 EP 417 DI 10.1177/088307380001500611 PG 4 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA 321QG UT WOS:000087465700012 PM 10868786 ER PT J AU Tardei, G Ruta, S Chitu, V Rossi, C Tsai, TF Cernescu, C AF Tardei, G Ruta, S Chitu, V Rossi, C Tsai, TF Cernescu, C TI Evaluation of immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG enzyme immunoassays in serologic diagnosis of West Nile virus infection SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; EPIDEMIC; ROMANIA; FEVER AB A unique urban encephalitis epidemic in Romania signaled the emergence of neurological infection due to West Nile (WN) virus as a novel public health threat in Eastern Europe and provided an opportunity to evaluate patterns of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM reactivity in IgM capture and IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). WN virus infection was diagnosed scrologically in 236 of 290 patients from whom acute serum or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were available. In 37% of serum samples and in 258 of CSF samples collected in the first week of illness, anti-WN virus IgM antibody was detected in the absence of virus-specific Igc, The switch to an IgG antibody response occurred after 4 to 5 days of illness and earlier in CSF than in serum. A specific humoral immune response was detected in the CSF before the serum in some patients for whom paired CSF and serum samples from the same day were available. IBM antibody in convalescent serum samples persisted beyond 2 months after the onset of illness in more than 50% of patients. ELISA optical density values and antibody concentrations were well correlated for both IgM and IgG immunoassays. Anti-WN virus IgM antibody in acute-phase samples did not cross-react significantly with flaviviruses in other antigenic groups. C1 Inst Virol, Bucharest, Romania. Carol Davila Univ Med & Pharm, Bucharest, Romania. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Tsai, TF (reprint author), Wyeth Lederle Vaccines, 401 N Middletown Rd, Pearl River, NY 10965 USA. RI Ruta, Simona/A-9569-2010 OI Ruta, Simona/0000-0002-2492-6073 NR 32 TC 120 Z9 138 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 38 IS 6 BP 2232 EP 2239 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 320YR UT WOS:000087428600035 PM 10834982 ER PT J AU Militello, A Zarillo, GA AF Militello, A Zarillo, GA TI Tidal motion in a complex inlet and bay system, Ponce de Leon Inlet, Florida SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE tidal inlet; inlet hydraulics; tidal attenuation; flood dominance; circulation modeling; tide measurement AB Tidal motion and inlet processes were investigated in Pence de Leon (Ponce) Inlet, Florida and its bay channels through a 10-week data-collection campaign and two-dimensional numerical simulation modeling. Water level and current were measured at six locations spanning the ebb shoal, inlet, and bay channels. Measurements revealed that the inlet was flood dominated during the data-collection period. The flood dominance may have been enhanced by a net influx of water during the measurement period, which was captured at two measurement stations in the bay channels located 5 km away from the inlet. Scour, erosion, and sedimentation are problems faced at Pence Inlet, and calculations suggest tide-related circulation patterns contribute to problematic hot spots. Scour along the north jetty may be most active on the ebb tide, when the strongest flows oriented parallel to the jetty are present. Erosion on the north interior spit owes to a bend in the inlet that forces the strong flood current to impinge on the spit shoreline. Progradation of the south spit into the inlet is a product of the curvature of the spit that creates a region of relatively weak current in the southern portion of the inlet. Deposition may therefore occur on both flood and ebb tidal cycles. Tidal attenuation was calculated along a 7 km transect from the ebb shoal, through the inlet, and south along the Indian River North. Attenuation of the M-2 tide (water level) was estimated to be 1.1 cm/km along the unimpeded reach of the transect extending south from the ebb shoal to just north of a bridge. At the bridge, the attenuation was increased to 55 cm/km, a decay that is 50 times greater than in the unimpeded channel. The bridge was found to contribute to 56% of the tidal-amplitude reduction between the ebb shoal and the bridge. C1 USAE, Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Florida Inst Technol, Div Marine & Environm Syst, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. RP Militello, A (reprint author), USAE, Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD SUM PY 2000 VL 16 IS 3 BP 840 EP 852 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 362BM UT WOS:000089758800029 ER PT J AU McCarroll, JE Thayer, LE Liu, X Newby, JH Norwood, AE Fullerton, CS Ursano, RJ AF McCarroll, JE Thayer, LE Liu, X Newby, JH Norwood, AE Fullerton, CS Ursano, RJ TI Spouse abuse recidivism in the US army by gender and military status SO JOURNAL OF CONSULTING AND CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FAILURE TIME DATA; REGRESSION-ANALYSIS; MULTIVARIATE AB Recidivism by spouse abusers was investigated using records of offenders in the U.S. Army Central Registry. Recidivism by gender and military status (active-duty or civilian spouse) was compared over a 70-month period. Between fiscal years 1989-1997, 48,330 offenders were identified in initial and recidivist incidents. Recidivism was analyzed by means of a Cox proportional hazard rate model, controlling for age, race, number of dependents, education, and substance abuse. Two different sets of survival curves were obtained: (a) Men were much more likely than women to have a recurrence and (b) within gender, civilians were more likely to have a recurrence than were active-duty military personnel. At 70 months, 30% of the male civilian offenders and 27% of the male active-duty offenders had committed a subsequent spouse abuse incident compared with 20% of the female civilian offenders and 18% of the female active-duty offenders, controlling for other variables. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Psychiat, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dev Hlth Clin Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP McCarroll, JE (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Psychiat, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 12 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0022-006X J9 J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH JI J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 68 IS 3 BP 521 EP 525 DI 10.1037/0022-006X.68.3.521 PG 5 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 324ZH UT WOS:000087651500018 PM 10883570 ER PT J AU Ashokan, R Dhar, NK Yang, B Akhiyat, A Lee, TS Rujirawat, S Yousuf, S Sivananthan, S AF Ashokan, R Dhar, NK Yang, B Akhiyat, A Lee, TS Rujirawat, S Yousuf, S Sivananthan, S TI Variable area MWIR diodes on HgCdTe/Si grown by molecular beam epitaxy SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1999 US Workshop on the Physics and Chemistry of II-VI Materials CY SEP 22-24, 1999 CL LAS VEGAS, NEVADA SP USA, CECOM, USA, SMDC, USA, Res Lab, USAF, Res Lab, Minerals Met & Mat Soc DE HgCdTe/Si; MBE; heterostructure; variable area infrared detectors; dynamic impedance; minority carrier diffusion length ID ARRAYS AB Molecular beam epitaxy technique has been used to grow double layer heterostructure mercury cadmium telluride materials on silicon substrates for infrared detection in the mid-wavelength infrared transmission band. Test structures containing square diodes with variable areas from 5.76 x 10(-6) cm(2) to 2.5 x 10(-3) cm(2) are fabricated on them. The p on n planar architecture is achieved by selective arsenic ion implantation. The absorber layer characteristics for the samples studied here include a full width at half maximum of 100-120 arcsec from x-ray rocking curve, the electron concentration of 1-2 x 10(15) cm(-3) and mobility 3-5 x 10(4) cm(2)/V-s, respectively at 80 K from Hall measurements. The minority carrier lifetime measured by photoconductive decay measurements at 80 K varied from 1 to 1.2 mu sec. A modified general model for the variable area I-V analysis is presented. The dark current-voltage measurements were carried out at 80 K and an analysis of the dependence of zero-bias impedance on the perimeter/area ratio based on bulk, surface generation-recombination, and lateral currents are presented. The results indicate state-of-the art performance of the diodes in the midwavelength infrared region. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Microphys Lab, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Ashokan, R (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Microphys Lab, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. NR 11 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 29 IS 6 BP 636 EP 640 DI 10.1007/s11664-000-0197-y PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 349QP UT WOS:000089057400003 ER PT J AU Dhar, NK Boyd, PR Martinka, M Dinan, JH Almeida, LA Goldsman, N AF Dhar, NK Boyd, PR Martinka, M Dinan, JH Almeida, LA Goldsman, N TI CdZnTe heteroepitaxy on 3-inch (112) Si: Interface, surface, and layer characteristics SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1999 US Workshop on the Physics and Chemistry of II-VI Materials CY SEP 22-24, 1999 CL LAS VEGAS, NEVADA SP USA, CECOM, USA, SMDC, USA, Res Lab, USAF, Res Lab, Minerals Met & Mat Soc DE CdZnTe; nucleation; MBE; adsorption; (112) Si surface ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; SI(111); PASSIVATION; KINETICS; CDTE AB Tellurium adsorption studies were made on clean and arsenic passivated (112) silicon surfaces. Quantitative surface coverage values for tellurium were determined by Auger electron spectroscopy. Saturation coverage of up to 1.2 monolayers of tellurium could be obtained on a clean ( 112) silicon surface. On an arsenic passivated (112) Si surface however, the tellurium saturation coverage was limited to only similar to 0.3 monolayer. Analysis of the adsorption behavior suggested that tellurium and arsenic chemisorption occurs preferentially at step edges and on terraces, respectively. The study revealed that arsenic passivation led to a significant decrease in the sticking coefficient of tellurium and an increase in it's surface mobility. A model describing zinc telluride nucleation on a (112) Si surface is proposed. Thin templates of ZnTe followed by Cd1-xZnxTe layers were deposited on (112) Si by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). The characteristics of the MBE Cd1-xZnxTe layers were found to be sensitive to the initial ZnTe nucleation and Si surface preparation. C1 USA, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20310 USA. Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA USA. E OIR Measurements Inc, Spotsylvania, VA USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Dhar, NK (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 19 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 11 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 29 IS 6 BP 748 EP 753 DI 10.1007/s11664-000-0219-9 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 349QP UT WOS:000089057400025 ER PT J AU Almeida, LA Dhar, NK Martinka, M Dinan, JH AF Almeida, LA Dhar, NK Martinka, M Dinan, JH TI HgCdTe heteroepitaxy on three-inch (112) CdZnTe/Si: Ellipsometric control of substrate temperature SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1999 US Workshop on the Physics and Chemistry of II-VI Materials CY SEP 22-24, 1999 CL LAS VEGAS, NEVADA SP USA, CECOM, USA, SMDC, USA, Res Lab, USAF, Res Lab, Minerals Met & Mat Soc DE spectroscopic ellipsometry; temperature control; HgCdTe; Si substrates; molecular beam epitaxy ID SITU SPECTROSCOPIC ELLIPSOMETRY; GROWTH; HG1-XCDXTE; CDTE; MBE AB The technique of spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) has been utilized to monitor in real-time and precisely control the surface temperature of Hg1-xCdxTe during molecular beam epitaxy. Due to the temperature dependence of the Hg sticking coefficient under Hg-deficient growth conditions, the near-surface composition of an epilayer is extremely sensitive to surface temperature. SE data were acquired in real time and modeled using a previously established library of dielectric functions of Hg1-xCdxTe as a function of composition. Utilizing SE-generated compositional profiles as a guide, substrate heating power was adjusted in such a way as to minimize composition transients. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the technique, we have used SE to control the temperature of HgCdTe epilayer surfaces during deposition on three-inch (211)CZnTe/ZnTe/Si composite substrates mounted on indium free holders. C1 E OIR Measurements Inc, Spotsylvania, VA 22553 USA. Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA USA. USA, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Almeida, LA (reprint author), E OIR Measurements Inc, Spotsylvania, VA 22553 USA. NR 9 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 29 IS 6 BP 754 EP 759 DI 10.1007/s11664-000-0220-3 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 349QP UT WOS:000089057400026 ER PT J AU Sporken, R Grajewski, D Xin, Y Wiame, F Brill, G Boieriu, P Prociuk, A Rujirawat, S Dhar, NK Sivananthan, S AF Sporken, R Grajewski, D Xin, Y Wiame, F Brill, G Boieriu, P Prociuk, A Rujirawat, S Dhar, NK Sivananthan, S TI Selective epitaxy of cadmium telluride on silicon by MBE SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1999 US Workshop on the Physics and Chemistry of II-VI Materials CY SEP 22-24, 1999 CL LAS VEGAS, NEVADA SP USA, CECOM, USA, SMDC, USA, Res Lab, USAF, Res Lab, Minerals Met & Mat Soc DE molecular beam epitaxy; cadmium telluride; silicon; selective growth; heteroepitaxy ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; SI(111); SURFACE; CDTE(111)B; GROWTH AB CdTe ((111) over bar)B was grown on As-terminated Si(111) by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). Nucleation and interface properties were studied by photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning tunneling microscopy, electron diffraction, and energy-dispersive spectroscopy of x-rays. Selective growth on Si(111) was investigated either by using SiO2 as a mask, or by growing on a patterned CdTe seed layer. The highest temperature where CdTe nucleates on As-terminated Si(111) surfaces is typically in the range of 220-250 degrees C. On a SiO2 mask, CdTe nucleates at the same temperatures, leading to polycrystalline growth. However, homoepitaxy of CdTe is possible around 300 degrees C. Hence, CdTe can be grown selectively on a patterned CdTe seed layer on Si(111). This is confirmed by scanning electron microscopy and scanning Auger microscopy. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Microphys Lab, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Fac Univ Notre Dame Paix, Lab Interdisciplinaire Spect Elect, B-5000 Namur, Belgium. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Sporken, R (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Microphys Lab, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. RI Wiame, Frederic/D-9253-2011; Brill, Gregory/G-4877-2013 OI Wiame, Frederic/0000-0002-1422-6858; NR 11 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 29 IS 6 BP 760 EP 764 DI 10.1007/s11664-000-0221-2 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 349QP UT WOS:000089057400027 ER PT J AU Fowler, EB Breault, LG Galvan, DA AF Fowler, EB Breault, LG Galvan, DA TI Nasal fistula associated with dental infection: A report of a case SO JOURNAL OF ENDODONTICS LA English DT Article AB Most clinicians have come across a patient with difficult symptoms to diagnose. Often confusion occurs between odontogenic and nonodontogenic causes of sinus discomfort. On many occasions, sinus pain is due to purely dental causes, whereas in other situations dental pain is reported when the sinuses are infected. Due to the intimate association between the roots of the maxillary teeth and the floor of the nasal cavity and maxillary sinuses, diagnosis may be difficult. The following is a case report of a nasal fistula that developed from an abscessed maxillary central incisor. C1 USA, Dent Act, Ft Wainwright, AK USA. USA, Dent Act, Schofield Barracks, HI USA. RP Fowler, EB (reprint author), 2519 Ruby Ave, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0099-2399 J9 J ENDODONT JI J. Endod. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 26 IS 6 BP 374 EP 376 DI 10.1097/00004770-200006000-00016 PG 3 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 318BC UT WOS:000087262900016 PM 11199759 ER PT J AU Mueller, JA Kim, YK Krupa, JJ Shkreli, F Nasr, S Fitzpatrick, B AF Mueller, JA Kim, YK Krupa, JJ Shkreli, F Nasr, S Fitzpatrick, B TI Full-scale demonstration of improvement in aeration efficiency SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID SLUDGE FILAMENTOUS BULKING; ACTIVATED-SLUDGE; SELECTOR AB This paper describes the results of side-by-side full-scale aeration testing of a plug-flow process and a modified contact stabilization process incorporating an anaerobic selector at the wastewater treatment facility in Fredonia, N.Y. Over 40 tests were completed utilizing the off-gas technique during the 2-month investigation period (summer of 1995). Compared to the plug-flow process, the modified contact stabilization process with internal sludge recycle was shown to have higher or values and to require less blower energy consumption when the selector operation was properly controlled. Dissolved oxygen concentration, selector COD concentration, and internal recycle sludge levels were found to be critical parameters in the successful operation of the modified process. Higher internal recycle sludge levels allowed the plant to run at more stable operating conditions in terms of the oxygen transfer efficiency, alpha, and sludge volume index. C1 Manhattan Coll, Dept Environm Engn, Bronx, NY 10471 USA. Kangweon Natl Univ, Div Envir & Biol Engn, Chunchon 200701, Kangwondo, South Korea. Malcolm Pirnie Inc, White Plains, NY 10602 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. OBrien & Gere Engineers Inc, New York, NY 10011 USA. RP Mueller, JA (reprint author), Manhattan Coll, Dept Environm Engn, Bronx, NY 10471 USA. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 5 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD JUN PY 2000 VL 126 IS 6 BP 549 EP 555 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2000)126:6(549) PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 317JU UT WOS:000087222900010 ER PT J AU Chuachoowong, R Shaffer, N VanCott, TC Chaisilwattana, P Siriwasin, W Waranawat, N Vanprapar, N Young, NL Mastro, TD Lambert, JS Robb, ML AF Chuachoowong, R Shaffer, N VanCott, TC Chaisilwattana, P Siriwasin, W Waranawat, N Vanprapar, N Young, NL Mastro, TD Lambert, JS Robb, ML CA Bangkok Collaborative Perinatal HI TI Lack of association between human immunodeficiency virus type 1 antibody in cervicovaginal lavage fluid and plasma and perinatal transmission, in Thailand SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID MATERNAL VIRAL LOAD; VAGINAL SECRETIONS; WOMEN; ZIDOVUDINE; RISK; IGG; MUCOSAL; BANGKOK; HIV-1 AB To determine the association between human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV)-specific antibody and RNA levels in cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) samples and plasma, zidovudine treatment, and perinatal transmission, HIV subtype E gp160-specific IgG and IgA were serially measured in a subset of 74 HIV-infected women in a placebo-controlled trial of zidovudine, beginning at 36 weeks of gestation. HIV IgG was detected in 100% of plasma and 97% of CVL samples; HIV IgA was consistently detected in 62% of plasma and 31% of CVL samples. Antibody titers in CVL samples correlated better with the RNA level in CVL samples than with plasma antibody titers, Zidovudine did not affect antibody titers, Perinatal HIV transmission was not associated with antibody in CVL samples or plasma. HIV-specific antibody is present in the cervicovaginal canal of HIV-infected pregnant women; its correlation with the RNA level in CVL fluid suggests local antibody production. However, there was no evidence that these antibodies protected against perinatal HIV transmission. C1 Minist Publ Hlth, HIV AIDS Collaborat, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. Mahidol Univ, Siriraj Hosp, Fac Med, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. Rajavithi Hosp, Bangkok, Thailand. Queen Sirikit Natl Inst Child Hlth, Bangkok, Thailand. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Rockville, MD USA. RP Chuachoowong, R (reprint author), Minist Publ Hlth, HIV AIDS Collaborat, DMS 6 Bldg,Tivanon Rd, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. FU FIC NIH HHS [D43TW00010] NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 181 IS 6 BP 1957 EP 1963 DI 10.1086/315499 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 329TH UT WOS:000087923900011 PM 10837175 ER PT J AU Blauch, AJ Schiano, JL Ginsberg, MD AF Blauch, AJ Schiano, JL Ginsberg, MD TI Detection of nuclear resonance signals: Modification of the receiver operating characteristics using feedback SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE LA English DT Article DE binary signal detection; receiver operating characteristics; feedback control; nuclear quadrupole resonance; explosives detection ID SORC PULSE SEQUENCE; OPTIMIZATION; N-14; NQR; NMR AB The performance of a nuclear resonance detection system can be quantified using binary detection theory. Within this framework, signal averaging increases the probability of a correct detection and decreases the probability of a false alarm by reducing the variance of the noise in the average signal. In conjunction with signal averaging, we propose another method based on feedback control concepts that further improves detection performance. By maximizing the nuclear resonance signal amplitude, feedback raises the probability of correct detection. Furthermore, information generated by the feedback algorithm can be used to reduce the probability of false alarm. We discuss the advantages afforded by feedback that cannot be obtained using signal averaging. As an example, me show how this method is applicable to the detection of explosives using nuclear quadrupole resonance. (C) 2000 Academic Press. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USA, Construct Engn Res Lab, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. RP Blauch, AJ (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1090-7807 J9 J MAGN RESON JI J. Magn. Reson. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 144 IS 2 BP 305 EP 315 DI 10.1006/jmre.2000.2074 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physics; Spectroscopy GA 322RZ UT WOS:000087523700013 PM 10828198 ER PT J AU Wereszczak, AA Barnes, AS Breder, K Binapal, S AF Wereszczak, AA Barnes, AS Breder, K Binapal, S TI Probabilistic strength of {111} n-type silicon SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE-MATERIALS IN ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-CRYSTAL SILICON; FRACTURE STRENGTH; CRACKING; WAFERS AB The two-parameter Weibull strength distribution of {1 1 1} n-type silicon prismatic bars was determined in four-point bending and analyzed as a function of specimen size (width), loading rate, two different crystallographic orientations, and specimen orientation (polished or etched surface in tension). 100% fractography was performed to classify strength-limiting flaw types and to censor the strength data. All flaw types were extrinsic. Machining or cutting damage in the form of chipped edges (an edge-type flaw) was the dominant strength-limiting flaw when the polished surface was subjected to tensile stress, while a flat-bottomed etch pit (a surface-type flaw) was the dominant strength-limiting flaw when the etched surface was subjected to tensile stress. The censored Weibull strength distribution was independent of specimen width, loading rate (indicative of slow crack growth insusceptibility), and the two crystallographic orientations; however, it was dependent on specimen orientation. Pooling of the strength data was employed to tighten the confidence intervals about the censored parameters. The results from this study indicate that different extrinsic strength-limiting flaws and strength distributions will be operative depending on the manner in which a silicon component is stressed. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mech Characterizat & Anal Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Gennum Corp, Burlington, ON L7R 3Y3, Canada. RP Wereszczak, AA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RI Wereszczak, Andrew/I-7310-2016 OI Wereszczak, Andrew/0000-0002-8344-092X NR 34 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0957-4522 J9 J MATER SCI-MATER EL JI J. Mater. Sci.-Mater. Electron. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 11 IS 4 BP 291 EP 303 DI 10.1023/A:1008973231053 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 342FY UT WOS:000088635600003 ER PT J AU Pahan, K Liu, XJ McKinney, MJ Wood, C Sheikh, FG Raymond, JR AF Pahan, K Liu, XJ McKinney, MJ Wood, C Sheikh, FG Raymond, JR TI Expression of a dominant-negative mutant of p21(ras) inhibits induction of nitric oxide synthase and activation of nuclear factor-kappa B in primary astrocytes SO JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE astrocytes; cytokines; lipopolysaccharides; p21(ras); inducible nitric oxide synthase; nuclear factor-kappa B ID RAT PRIMARY ASTROCYTES; TYROSINE PHOSPHORYLATION; MOLECULAR-CLONING; GLIAL-CELLS; MACROPHAGES; HEPATOCYTES; PROTEINS; CULTURES; GAMMA; RAF-1 AB The present study underlines the importance of p21(ras) in regulating the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in primary astrocytes. Bacterial lipopolysaccharides induced the GTP loading of p21(ras), and the expression of a dominant-negative mutant of p21(ras) (Delta p21(ras)) inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced GTP loading in rat primary astrocytes. To delineate the role of p21(ras) in the induction of iNOS, we examined the effect of Delta p21(ras) on the expression of iNOS and the production of nitric oxide. It is interesting that expression of Delta p21(ras) markedly inhibited the production of nitric oxide and the expression of iNOS in lipopolysaccharide- and proinflammatory cytokine (tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1 beta; interferon-gamma)-stimulated rat and human primary astrocytes. Inhibition of iNOS promoter-derived chloramphenicol acetyltransferase activity by Delta p21(ras) suggests that p21(ras) is involved in the transcription of iNOS. As activation of nuclear factor-kappa-B (NF-kappa B) is necessary for the transcription of iNOS, we examined the effect of Delta p21(ras) on the activation of NF-kappa B. Expression of Delta p21(ras) inhibited the DNA binding as well as the transcriptional activity of NF-kappa B in activated astrocytes, suggesting that Delta p2(ras) inhibits the expression of iNOS by inhibiting the activation of NF-kappa B. These studies also suggest that inhibitors of p21(ras) may be used as therapeutics in nitric oxide- and cytokine-mediated neuroinflammatory diseases. C1 Univ Nebraska, Med Ctr, Dept Oral Biol, Lincoln, NE USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Biol Sci, Lincoln, NE USA. Mayo Clin, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Biol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Med, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. RP Pahan, K (reprint author), UNMC Coll Dent, Dept Oral Biol, 40th & Holdrege, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. NR 38 TC 66 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-3042 J9 J NEUROCHEM JI J. Neurochem. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 74 IS 6 BP 2288 EP 2295 DI 10.1046/j.1471-4159.2000.0742288.x PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 312XG UT WOS:000086968800007 PM 10820188 ER PT J AU Wagner, GW Koper, OB Lucas, E Decker, S Klabunde, KJ AF Wagner, GW Koper, OB Lucas, E Decker, S Klabunde, KJ TI Reactions of VX, GD, and HD with nanosize CaO: Autocatalytic dehydrohalogenation of HD SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID UNIQUE SURFACE-CHEMISTRY; CHEMICAL WARFARE AGENTS; SULFUR-DIOXIDE; HYDROLYSIS; ADSORPTION; REAGENTS; MUSTARD; OXIDE AB Room-temperature reactions of the chemical warfare agents VX, GD, and HD with nanosize CaO (AP-CaO), and HD with commercial CaO have been studied using solid-state MAS NMR. VX and GD hydrolyze to yield surface-bound complexes of nontoxic ethyl methylphosphonate and pinacolyl methylphosphonate, respectively. The kinetics are characterized by an initial fast reaction followed by a slower, diffusion-limited reaction. Similar behavior is observed for HD on either dried or hydrated AP-CaO and CaO, On partially hydrated AP-CaO (but not CaO), a rather fast steady-state elimination of HCl occurs after an induction period. This behavior is attributed to acid-catalyzed surface reconstruction (to regenerate fresh surface) and the formation of CaCl2 which is known to be more reactive than CaO. The product distribution for HD is about 80% divinyl sulfide and 20% thiodiglycol and/or sulfonium ions, which apparently reside as surface alkoxides. Such kinetic behavior was not evident for the common mustard simulant 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES) on partially hydrated AP-CaO, which exhibited only the typical fast/diffusion-limited reaction. C1 USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Res & Technol Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Chem, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Nantek Inc, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Wagner, GW (reprint author), USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Res & Technol Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 23 TC 176 Z9 179 U1 3 U2 31 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5647 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JUN 1 PY 2000 VL 104 IS 21 BP 5118 EP 5123 DI 10.1021/jp000101j PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 320WU UT WOS:000087424500014 ER PT J AU Plichta, EJ Behl, WK AF Plichta, EJ Behl, WK TI A low-temperature electrolyte for lithium and lithium-ion batteries SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE aluminum substrate; electrochemical stability; lithium-ion battery; low-temperature electrolyte AB An electrolyte consisting of 1 M solution of lithium hexafluorophosphate in 1:1:1 ethylene carbonate(EC)-dimethyl carbonate(DMC)-ethyl methyl carbonate(EMC) is proposed for low temperature applications of lithium and lithium-ion cells. The new electrolyte has good conductivity and electrochemical stability. Lithium and lithium-ion cells using the new electrolyte were found to be operable at temperatures down to -40 degrees C. The paper also reports on the electrochemical stability of aluminum metal, which is used as a substrate for the positive electrodes in lithium-ion cells, in the new electrolyte. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 USA, CECOM Res, Ctr Dev & Engn, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Plichta, EJ (reprint author), USA, CECOM Res, Ctr Dev & Engn, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. NR 5 TC 69 Z9 86 U1 3 U2 43 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD JUN PY 2000 VL 88 IS 2 BP 192 EP 196 DI 10.1016/S0378-7753(00)00367-0 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 320CZ UT WOS:000087385000003 ER PT J AU Elton, WC AF Elton, WC TI Method to contour the intaglio surface of an immediate denture when using a chairside soft reline procedure after tooth extraction SO JOURNAL OF PROSTHETIC DENTISTRY LA English DT Article C1 USA, DENTAC, Dent Clin 2, Dent Corp, Ft Lewis, WA 98431 USA. RP Elton, WC (reprint author), USA, DENTAC, Dent Clin 2, Dent Corp, Ft Lewis, WA 98431 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0022-3913 J9 J PROSTHET DENT JI J. Prosthet. Dent. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 83 IS 6 BP 690 EP 690 DI 10.1016/S0022-3913(00)70074-6 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 325RF UT WOS:000087689600020 PM 10842142 ER PT J AU Keesee, SM Cameron, SM Plummer, KD AF Keesee, SM Cameron, SM Plummer, KD TI Inversion of gloves to prevent contamination SO JOURNAL OF PROSTHETIC DENTISTRY LA English DT Article C1 USA, Dent Activ, Tingay Dent Clin, Prosthodont Residency Program, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. RP Keesee, SM (reprint author), USA, Dent Activ, Tingay Dent Clin, Prosthodont Residency Program, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0022-3913 J9 J PROSTHET DENT JI J. Prosthet. Dent. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 83 IS 6 BP 691 EP 691 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 325RF UT WOS:000087689600021 PM 10842143 ER PT J AU McBroom, JW AF McBroom, JW TI Medical management of interstitial pregnancy with a retained IUD - A case report SO JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE pregnancy, ectopic; intrauterine devices; methotrexate; interstitial pregnancy ID SINGLE-DOSE METHOTREXATE; ECTOPIC PREGNANCY AB BACKGROUND: Systemic methotrexate therapy for interstitial pregnancy has an increased failure rate as compared to other ectopic locations. No case of interstitial pregnancy with a retained intrauterine device (IUD) has been reported on before. CASE: An asymptomatic, 21-year-old woman presented with a positive pregnancy test and a retained IUD. Vaginal ultrasound revealed a left interstitial pregnancy. Diagnostic laparoscopy was followed by a single dose of methotrexate (50 mg/m(2)). Five days later, a marked increase in the human chorionic gonadotropin level was followed by a second course (four doses) of methotrexate, 1 mg/kg, alternating with 0.1 mg/kg of leucovorin. Concomitant Chlamydia was treated with azithromycin, and the IUD was expelled spontaneously. CONCLUSION: Medical management of interstitial pregnancy may prevent surgery that limits future fertility, but the evidence suggests that more than one dose of methotrexate may be required. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP McBroom, JW (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCI PRINTERS & PUBL INC PI ST LOUIS PA P.O. DRAWER 12425 8342 OLIVE BLVD, ST LOUIS, MO 63132 USA SN 0024-7758 J9 J REPROD MED JI J. Reprod. Med. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 45 IS 6 BP 490 EP 492 PG 3 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 327EE UT WOS:000087779900008 PM 10900583 ER PT J AU Seale, FG Robinson, RD Neal, GS AF Seale, FG Robinson, RD Neal, GS TI Association of metformin and pregnancy in the polycystic ovary syndrome - A report of three cases SO JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE metformin; polycystic ovary syndrome; infertility, female ID INSULIN-RESISTANCE; THERAPY AB BACKGROUND: Infertility is a common manifestation of the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a condition characterized by chronic anovulation, hyperinsulinemia and hyperandrogenism. Hyperinsulinemia leads to increased ovarian androgen production, resulting in follicular atresia and anovulation. Metformin, a medication that improves insulin sensitivity and decreases serum insulin levels, restores menstrual cyclicity and ovulatory function and may improve fertility rates in women with PCOS. We present three consecutive cases from our clinic that support this premise. CASES: Three patients were seen in the reproductive endocrinology clinic with documented PCOS, long-standing infertility and clinically diagnosed insulin resistance. The first patient had hyperandrogenic, insulin-resistant acanthosis nigricans syndrome and had been resistant to multiple courses of clomiphene citrate; the second exhibited hypertension, hyperlipidemia and glucose intolerance along with anovulation; and the third presented with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes and a desire to conceive. Each patient received metformin, which led to restoration of menstrual cyclicity and conception in all three cases. CONCLUSION: These three patients reflect the heterogeneous nature of PCOS, and treating their underlying insulin resistance with metformin resulted in pregnancy. These findings suggest that metformin may be a useful adjunct for treatment of infertility in patients with PCOS. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Reprod Endocrinol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. San Antonio Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Reprod Endocrinol, San Antonio, TX USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Seale, FG (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Reprod Endocrinol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 7 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU SCI PRINTERS & PUBL INC PI ST LOUIS PA P.O. DRAWER 12425 8342 OLIVE BLVD, ST LOUIS, MO 63132 USA SN 0024-7758 J9 J REPROD MED JI J. Reprod. Med. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 45 IS 6 BP 507 EP 510 PG 4 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 327EE UT WOS:000087779900013 PM 10900588 ER PT J AU Crane, CC AF Crane, CC TI To avert impending disaster: American military plans to use atomic weapons during the Korean War SO JOURNAL OF STRATEGIC STUDIES LA English DT Article AB Though historians continue to argue about the role of American nuclear threats in producing an armistice in the Korean War, by 1953 the United States was moving closer to actually escalating the war with the employment of atomic bombs. While military studies and unsatisfactory exercises during the first two years of the conflict had relegated such weapons to a role just as a last resort to prevent a catastrophe, frustration with stalemated peace talks and the aggressiveness of General Mark Clark combined to produce a set of contingencies envisioning an expanded war involving nuclear air strikes. C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Crane, CC (reprint author), US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 38 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU FRANK CASS CO LTD PI ESSEX PA NEWBURY HOUSE, 900 EASTERN AVE, NEWBURY PARK, ILFORD, ESSEX IG2 7HH, ENGLAND SN 0140-2390 J9 J STRATEGIC STUD JI J. Strateg. Stud. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 23 IS 2 BP 72 EP 88 DI 10.1080/01402390008437791 PG 17 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA 353MF UT WOS:000089278500004 ER PT J AU Strickman, D Miller, ME Kim, HC Lee, KW AF Strickman, D Miller, ME Kim, HC Lee, KW TI Mosquito surveillance in the Demilitarized Zone, Republic of Korea, during an outbreak of Plasmodium vivax malaria in 1996 and 1997 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Anopheles sinensis; Plasmodium vivax; malaria; surveillance; Korea ID OF-KOREA; CULICIDAE; DIPTERA AB Since 1993, more than 2,000 cases of vivax malaria have occurred in the Republic of Korea in an epidemic that ended nearly 20 malaria-free years. Most malaria has occurred in the northwestern part of the country, mainly affecting Korean military personnel. As a part of an operational surveillance effort, we sampled mosquitoes in and near the Demilitarized Zone (Paju County, Kyonggi Province) during the last, wk of July in 1996 and from May 15 to September 10 in 1997. The 1st year, landing collections were done at 5 different sites: the 2nd year, carbon-dioxide-baited light traps at 5 sites, larval collections in 10 adjacent fields, and landing collections at 1 site in the Demilitarized Zone were performed weekly. Of 17 species collected, Anopheles sinensis was consistently the most abundant mosquito, comprising 79-96% of mosquitoes. The diel pattern of biting by An. sinensis varied by location and season, with the majority of individuals biting late at night during warm weather (>20 degrees C) and early at night during cool weather. In contrast, Ae(des vexans nipponii (the 2nd most abundant species) bit in the greatest numbers at the same time all season, from 2000 to 2300 h. Among the correlates with abundance of An. sinensis were average nighttime temperature 7 wk previous to the night in question, wind late at night (negatively correlated), and apparent size of the moon (negatively correlated). The data showed that the exact number of An. sinensis biting could not be estimated from numbers collected in carbon-dioxide-baited light traps. On the other hand, a threshold of 15 An. sinensis per trap night corresponded (88% accuracy) to a threshold of 12 mosquitoes biting 2 adjacent collectors per night. Larval collections were also significantly correlated with landing collections, despite inexact sampling methods and separation of the larval habitat from the site where landing collections were performed. Operational entomology assets using nighttime temperature records, carbon-dioxide-baited light traps, and larval collections should be able to target their efforts in Korea more efficiently. C1 Yongsan Garrison, Med Command 18, Med Detachment 5, Seoul, South Korea. RP Strickman, D (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 38 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSN INC PI LAKE CHARLES PA 2200 E PRIEN LAKE RD, LAKE CHARLES, LA 70601 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 16 IS 2 BP 100 EP 113 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 324YR UT WOS:000087650000007 PM 10901633 ER PT J AU Strickman, D Timberlake, B Estrada-Franco, J Weissman, M Fenimore, PW Novak, RJ AF Strickman, D Timberlake, B Estrada-Franco, J Weissman, M Fenimore, PW Novak, RJ TI Effects of magnetic fields on mosquitoes SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE magnetic fields; mosquitoes; Anopheles; Aedes; Culex; Culiseta; Psorophora ID IRON AB Phylogenetically diverse organisms, including some insects, are able to detect and respond to magnetic fields comparable to the Earth's magnetic field. Because of their tremendous importance to public health, mosquitoes were tested for the presence of remanent ferromagnetic material indicative of a biological compass and also tested for behavioral responses to magnetic fields. Using a superconducting quantum interferometry device, we found that significant remanence was probably due to attraction of ferromagnetic dust onto the surface of live or dead mosquitoes. Most mosquitoes placed in a 1.0-gauss, uniform magnetic field moved until they were oriented parallel to the field. Two of 3 species of mosquitoes tested took fewer blood meals in a rotating magnetic field than in the Earth's normal magnetic field. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Ctr Econ Entomol, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. RP Strickman, D (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSN INC PI LAKE CHARLES PA 2200 E PRIEN LAKE RD, LAKE CHARLES, LA 70601 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 16 IS 2 BP 131 EP 137 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 324YR UT WOS:000087650000010 PM 10901636 ER PT J AU James, WF Barko, JW Eakin, HL Helsel, DR AF James, WF Barko, JW Eakin, HL Helsel, DR TI Distribution of sediment phosphorus pools and fluxes in relation to alum treatment SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE alum treatment; focusing; internal phosphorus loading; phosphorus; sediment; sediment phosphorus fractions ID LAKE SEDIMENT; WISCONSIN; MIGRATION; RESERVOIR; SWEDEN; WATER AB The distribution of sediment physical characteristics, sediment phosphorus (P) pools, and laboratory-based rates of P release from the sediments were used to identify regions and dosage for alum treatment in Wind Lake, Wisconsin. Using variations in sediment moisture content, we identified an erosional zone at depths < 1.4 m and an accumulation zone at depths > 2.6 m. Mean concentrations of porewater P, loosely-bound P, iron- and aluminum-bound P, and mean rates of P release from sediments under anoxic conditions were high in the accumulation zone compared to sediment P characteristics in the erosional zone, indicating focusing of readily mobilized sediment P pools from shallow regions and accumulation to deep regions. We determined that a future alum treatment for control of internal P loading would be most effective at depths > 2.6 in the accumulation zone. The mean rate of anoxic P release from sediments encountered in the accumulation zone (8.3 mg m(-2) d(-1)) was used in conjunction with a summer anoxic period of 122 d, and a treatment area of 1.6 km(2) to estimate an internal P load of 1,600 kg to be controlled. Our results suggest that an understanding of the distribution of sediment P pools and P fluxes in lakes provides a strategy for estimating alum dosage and application areas. C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Eau Galle Aquat Ecol Lab, Spring Valley, WI 54767 USA. USA, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Milwaukee, WI 53212 USA. RP James, WF (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Eau Galle Aquat Ecol Lab, Box 237, Spring Valley, WI 54767 USA. NR 35 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 36 IS 3 BP 647 EP 656 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2000.tb04294.x PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 328HL UT WOS:000087844600016 ER PT J AU Calkins, MD Fitzgerald, G Bentley, TB Burris, D AF Calkins, MD Fitzgerald, G Bentley, TB Burris, D TI Intraosseous infusion devices: A comparison for potential use in special operations SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Army Regional Meeting of the American College of Physicians CY NOV 20, 1998 CL RESTON, VIRGINIA SP Amer Coll Physicians DE intraosseous; infusion; trauma; special operations; FAST; BIG; SurFast; Jamshidi needle ID PHARMACOKINETICS; ADULTS; SHOCK AB Objective: To determine which intraosseous (IO) devices were easy to learn to use, easy to use once the skill was obtained, and appropriate for the Special Operations environment. Methods: Thirty-one Navy SEAL corpsmen, Air Force pararescuemen, Army Special Forces, and Ranger medics, in a prospective, randomly assigned, cross-over study, tested four commercially available, Food and Drug Administration-cleared IO devices. The systems included the injection models First Access for Shock and Trauma (FAST, Pyng Medical) and Bone Injection Gun (Wais Medical, Kress USA Corporation) and the hand-driven threaded-needle SurFast (Cook Critical Care) and straight-needle Jamshidi needle (Baxter) models. The Special Operations medical care providers received a lecture regarding IO use, viewed videotapes of the injection models, and practiced with demonstration units in the classroom, Each participant then entered the cadaver lab where all four of the IO devices were placed in randomly assigned order, A poststudy questionnaire was then completed. The FAST was placed in the sternum, whereas the other units were placed in either medial proximal or distal medial tibia, Each participant was assessed for time, number of attempts, and success. The presence of marrow, extravasation, quality of flow, and security of needle were evaluated in combination to help determine success, Results: All four devices were believed to be easy to learn as well as easy to place. FAST was successful in 29 of 30 insertions (93%) with a placement time of 114 +/- 36 (mean +/- SD) seconds. The Bone Injection Gun was similarly successful (29 of 31 insertions, 94%) with a mean placement time of 70 +/- 33 seconds. This time was statistically significantly faster (p < 0.05) than that with FAST, but not with the other devices, Thirty of 31 SurFast placements (97%) were successful, on average taking 88 +/- 33 seconds to place, The Jamshidi needle also had 30 of 31 successful placements (97%) at an average 90 +/- 59 seconds, No one device was rated by the participants as significantly better than the others; however, the Bone Injection Gun did have 65% of participants rate it as first or second (closest was Jamshidi needle at 52%), Conclusion: These IO devices were easy to teach and learn as well as easy to use. Insertion times compared favorably with peripheral intravenous catheter placement in the face of hemorrhage, All four devices can he appropriately used in the Special Operations environment and are reasonable alternatives when intravenous access cannot be gained, Although no device was rated higher than the others, particular features are desirable (low weight/size, simplicity, reusability, secure, clean, well protected). C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Resusitat Med, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. USN, Special Warfare Grp Med 2, Little Creek, VA USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Calkins, MD (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Resusitat Med, Bldg 503,Forest Glen Annex,Forney Dr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 19 TC 68 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1079-6061 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD JUN PY 2000 VL 48 IS 6 BP 1068 EP 1074 DI 10.1097/00005373-200006000-00012 PG 7 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 325BW UT WOS:000087657300021 PM 10866253 ER PT J AU Mundie, TG Dodd, KT Lagutchik, MS Morris, JR Martin, D AF Mundie, TG Dodd, KT Lagutchik, MS Morris, JR Martin, D TI Effects of blast exposure on exercise performance in sheep SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article ID IMPULSE NOISE; INJURY; CONTUSION; IMPACT AB Background: The effects of blast on maximal exercise performance were investigated in sheep that were trained to perform maximal exercise. Methods and Results: Sheep were fully instrumented for determination of pulmonary and systemic hemodynamics. Blast exposure was administered by using a compressed air driven shock tube that was positioned to primarily produce cardiopulmonary injury. Four levels of exposure were used that were known to produce sublethal injury ranging from little or no grossly observable cardiopulmonary injury (level 1) to confluent ecchymosis of the heart, lung, or both (level 4). We evaluated maximal exercise performance 1 hour after exposure to level 1, level 2, and level 3 and 24 hours after level 3 and level 4. (V) over dot (O2max) was not significantly decreased 1 hour after exposure to level 1 but was decreased after exposure to level 2 (29.9%) and level 3 (49.3%), Significant improvement in exercise performance was observed in 24 hours, as (V) over dot (O2max) was not significantly decreased 24 hour after level 3, (V) over dot (O2max) was decreased 24 hour after level 4 injury (30.8%). Conclusion: Cardiovascular data collected during exercise suggested that acute cardiopulmonary injury is responsible for the exercise performance decrement observed 1 hour after exposure and that significant recovery of function is observed 24 hours after blast injury. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Med, Dept Resp Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Mundie, TG (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Chem, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 21 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1079-6061 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD JUN PY 2000 VL 48 IS 6 BP 1115 EP 1121 DI 10.1097/00005373-200006000-00019 PG 7 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 325BW UT WOS:000087657300028 PM 10866260 ER PT J AU Moul, JW AF Moul, JW TI Prostate specific antigen only progression of prostate cancer SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Review DE prostatic neoplasms; prostate-specific antigen; prostate; recurrence ID INTERMITTENT ANDROGEN SUPPRESSION; SALVAGE RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY; FINASTERIDE PLUS FLUTAMIDE; ADJUVANT RADIATION-THERAPY; 5-YEAR FOLLOW-UP; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS; IN-111 CAPROMAB PENDETIDE; RETROPUBIC PROSTATECTOMY; CRYOSURGICAL ABLATION; DISEASE RECURRENCE AB Purpose: Introduction of the prostate specific antigen (PSA) serum marker for prostate cancer and the subsequent PSA era from 1988 to the present have dramatically altered the diagnosis of the disease. The early to mid 1990s diagnosis boom resulted in a huge increase in clinically localized and early stage disease treatments, Radical prostatectomy rates increased from 17.4 to 54.6/100,000 between 1988 and 1992, and age adjusted rates increased 2 to 4-fold for men in the fifth and sixth decades of life, Since the late 1990s clinicians have been seeing the effects of this diagnosis and localized treatment boom, in that many men each year are experiencing PSA only disease recurrence. Given that the majority are relatively young and otherwise healthy, treatment of PSA only recurrence requires approaches that not only improve survival, but also preserve quality of life. A comprehensive overview of the definition of PSA only recurrence, staging controversies and the wide variety of treatments to be considered is provided. Materials and Methods: A literature review and overview of the topic of PSA only recurrence after prior clinically localized prostate cancer treatment were performed. Results: For radical prostatectomy cases PSA only recurrence is broadly defined as any elevation of PSA postoperatively. For radiation treated patients the 1997 American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology guidelines specify 3 consecutive elevations of PSA after posttreatment PSA nadir is achieved. As localized treatment series in the PSA era have matured, and database and statistical support have improved, a number of useful models to predict PSA only recurrence have emerged, These models are based on traditional prognostic markers, such as pretreatment PSA, and grade and stage of disease as well as emerging molecular and cellular biomarkers. Although bone scans and pelvic computerized tomography are commonly used for re-staging at PSA only recurrence, recent study suggests that their value is limited unless PSA recurrence exceeds 30 to 40 ng/ml. (111)Indium capromab pendetide radionuclide scan, which has been approved for radical prostatectomy PSA only recurrence, may be helpful to determine cases best suited for salvage radiotherapy versus systemic hormonal therapy, although more study is needed. Treatment of PSA only recurrence is divided into 2 main categories of salvage local treatments and systemic therapy. The principal dilemma is the inability to determine definitively whether PSA only recurrence is solely due to local progression or distant micrometastases. External beam radiation is the main local salvage treatment for radical prostatectomy recurrence, and cryotherapy, salvage prostatectomy and salvage brachytherapy are options for radiation recurrence. Proper patient selection is critical to the success of all salvage local treatments. Traditional hormonal therapy is the mainstay of systemic treatment for PSA only recurrence, although nontraditional approaches, such as intermittent and low dose hormonal therapy, are under study. Emerging chemopreventive agents, such as vitamins, minerals and other supplements, may have a future role in treatment. Conclusions: PSA only recurrence after prior local prostate cancer treatment remains a common problem facing clinicians. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Serv Urol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Ctr Prostate Dis Res, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Moul, JW (reprint author), Ctr Prostate Dis Res, 1530 E Jefferson St, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. RI huang, hongqi/N-1473-2014 NR 137 TC 182 Z9 199 U1 1 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 163 IS 6 BP 1632 EP 1642 DI 10.1016/S0022-5347(05)67511-8 PG 11 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 313DK UT WOS:000086984900002 PM 10799151 ER PT J AU Moul, JW AF Moul, JW TI Retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for the management of clinical stage I nonseminoma - Comment SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Moul, JW (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 163 IS 6 BP 1792 EP 1792 PG 1 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 313DK UT WOS:000086984900047 ER PT J AU Morgan, TO Westney, OL McGuire, EJ AF Morgan, TO Westney, OL McGuire, EJ TI Pubovaginal sling: 4-year outcome analysis and quality of life assessment SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Urological-Association CY MAY 01-06, 1999 CL DALLAS, TEXAS SP Amer Urol Assoc DE urinary incontinence, stress; treatment outcome; quality of life; urethra; vagina ID STRESS URINARY-INCONTINENCE; BLADDER NECK SUSPENSION; PATIENT SATISFACTION; SUCCESS; WOMEN; QUESTIONNAIRE; DEFICIENCY AB Purpose: Stress urinary incontinence is a common disease with a devastating impact on patient quality of life. Needle suspension procedures, which produce disappointing long-term results for type II stress incontinence, are being replaced by pubovaginal slings which previously were reserved solely for the treatment of type III stress incontinence. We report the long-term outcomes of pubovaginal slings for the treatment of types II and III stress urinary incontinence, and assess its quality of life impact. Materials and Methods: From January 1993 until December 1996, 247 females 10 to 84 years old (mean age 54.5) with type II (54%) or III (46%) stress urinary incontinence diagnosed by fluoroscopic urodynamics received a pubovaginal sling. Concomitant urge incontinence was present in 109 patients (44%). Quality of life was assessed with the Urogenital Distress Inventory short form. Results: At a mean followup of 51 months (range 22 to 68) the continence rates were 88% overall, 91% for type II and 84% for type III. Preoperative urge incontinence resolved in 81 of 109 patients (74%), while de novo urge incontinence developed in 10 (7%). Intermittent urethral catheterization duration averaged 8.4 days, with 5 women undergoing urethrolysis for a hyper-suspended urethra. Secondary procedures were required in 9 patients with type II and 5 with type III incontinence, and included transurethral collagen injections in 6 and repeat pubovaginal slings in 8. There was a 4% complication rate due to pelvic hematoma in 2 cases, incisional hernia in 2, deep venous thrombosis in 1 and pulmonary embolus in 1. Of the 247 patients 235 (95%) completed the quality of life questionnaire with 92% reporting a high degree of satisfaction with low (less than 20 of 100 points) symptom distress scores. Conclusions: Pubovaginal slings are effective and durable, and significantly improve quality of life in patients with types II and III stress urinary incontinence. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Urol, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Div Urol, Houston, TX USA. RP Morgan, TO (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Urol, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 22 TC 98 Z9 104 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 163 IS 6 BP 1845 EP 1848 DI 10.1016/S0022-5347(05)67557-X PG 4 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 313DK UT WOS:000086984900075 PM 10799196 ER PT J AU Teichman, JMH Anderson, KD Dorough, MM Stein, CR Optenberg, SA Thompson, IM AF Teichman, JMH Anderson, KD Dorough, MM Stein, CR Optenberg, SA Thompson, IM TI The urology residency matching program in practice SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE internship and residency; student, medical; ethics, professional ID STUDENTS; ETHICS; LIES AB Purpose: We evaluate behaviors and attitudes among resident applicants and program directors related to the American Urological Association (AUA) residency matching program and recommend changes to improve the match. Materials and Methods: Written questionnaires were mailed to 519 resident applicants and 112 program directors after the 1999 American Urological Association match. Subjects were asked about their observations, behaviors and opinions towards the match. Results: Questionnaires were returned by 230 resident applicants and 94 program directors (44% and 83% response rates, respectively.) Of the resident applicants 75% spent $1,001 to $5,000 for interviewing. Of the program directors 47% recalled that applicants asked how programs would rank the applicant and 61% of applicants recalled that program directors asked applicants how they would rank programs. Dishonesty was acknowledged by 31% of program directors and 44% of resident applicants. Of program directors 82% thought applicants "lied", while 67% of applicants thought that programs "lied" (quotations indicate questionnaire language). Participants characterized their own dishonesty as "just playing the game" or they "did not feel badly." Of program directors 81% and of applicants 61% were "skeptical" or "did not believe" when informed they were a "high" or "number 1" selection. Being asked about marital status was recalled by 91% of male and 100% of female (p = 0.02), if they had children by 53% of male and 67% of female, (p = 0.03), and intent to have children by 25% of male and 62% of female (p <0.001), applicants, respectively. Free-form comments were written by 132 resident applicants and 28 program directors. The most frequent comments suggested the need to improve ethical behavior, modify the process so applications could be transmitted electronically and modify interviews to reduce applicant financial burden. Nine female applicants commented on their perceptions of sexual discrimination during the interviews. Conclusions: Resident applicants and program directors violate match code rules frequently. Program directors and resident applicants are skeptical of each other. Patterns of faculty behavior differ based on applicant gender. Interviews are costly for applicants. We recommend that 1) programs adopt policies to enhance fairness, 2) applications be filed electronically, 3) programs assist resident applicants with interview accommodation to reduce financial burden and 4) a post-interview code of limited or noncommunication be adopted. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Div Urol, San Antonio, TX 78285 USA. USA, Ctr Healthcare Educ & Studies, Med Dept Ctr & Sch, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Surg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Teichman, JMH (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Div Urol, San Antonio, TX 78285 USA. NR 17 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 163 IS 6 BP 1878 EP 1887 PG 10 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 313DK UT WOS:000086984900093 PM 10799214 ER PT J AU Garcia, GD Goff, JM Hadro, NC O'Donnell, SD Greatorex, PS AF Garcia, GD Goff, JM Hadro, NC O'Donnell, SD Greatorex, PS TI Chronic ergot toxicity: A rare cause of lower extremity ischemia SO JOURNAL OF VASCULAR SURGERY LA English DT Article ID INSUFFICIENCY; INFUSION AB Chronic ergot toxicity is a rare cause of lower extremity ischemia. The cornerstone of therapy in ergot toxicity is to discontinue the use of caffeine, cigarettes, and all ergot-containing medications. Although multiple different therapies have been recommended for acute toxicity, no specific treatment is uniformly recommended in chronic toxicity We present a case of long-term ergot use for migraine headaches in a woman who had severe chronic lower extremity claudication. This case demonstrates the unique features associated with the diagnosis and management of chronic ergot toxicity. We recommend a conservative approach consisting of observation, antiplatelet agents, and the discontinuance of ergots. If symptoms progress to rest pain or gangrene, surgical treatment should be considered. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Peripheral Vasc Surg Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. USA, Womack Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Washington, DC 20310 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Goff, JM (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Peripheral Vasc Surg Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 13 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0741-5214 J9 J VASC SURG JI J. Vasc. Surg. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 31 IS 6 BP 1245 EP 1247 DI 10.1067/mva.2000.105668 PG 3 WC Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Surgery; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 324CF UT WOS:000087603700026 PM 10842162 ER PT J AU O'Keeffe, RB AF O'Keeffe, RB TI Where there's smoke ... who should bear the burden when a competing contractor hires former government employees? SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Article AB The federal government's procurement system should be protected from both the corrupting influence of actual impropriety, and the corrosive effects of procurements tainted by the appearance of impropriety The current rules governing the hiring of a former government employee who, while he was in government service, had official duties involving a requirement satisfied by procurement through a contract, by a firm competing for award of such contract, do not adequately protect the integrity of the government procurement system, or the interests of other contractors. The rules should recognize the full scope of government duties relating to a requirement that could confer an unfair competitive advantage upon the contractor employing a former government employee, and they should impose the burden of establishing the propriety of the hiring decision and duty assignment with regard to the former government employee primarily upon the contractor who hired him. Such a regime would best harmonize the government's interests in integrity, mission accomplishment, mid competition. RP O'Keeffe, RB (reprint author), USA, Legal Serv Agcy, Contract Appeals Div, Trial Team 2, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. NR 55 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 USA SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 164 BP 1 EP 134 PG 134 WC Law SC Government & Law GA 314WP UT WOS:000087080800001 ER PT J AU Smidt, ML AF Smidt, ML TI Yamashita, medina, and beyond: Command responsibility in contemporary military operations SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Article ID CUSTOMARY INTERNATIONAL-LAW; WAR-CRIMES; UNITED-STATES; DOCTRINE C1 USA, Judge Advocate Gen Sch, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. RP Smidt, ML (reprint author), USA, Judge Advocate Gen Sch, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. NR 88 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 USA SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 164 BP 155 EP 234 PG 80 WC Law SC Government & Law GA 314WP UT WOS:000087080800003 ER PT J AU Borch, CFL AF Borch, CFL TI Battle cries and lullabies: Women in war from prehistory to the present SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, Signal Ctr, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. RP Borch, CFL (reprint author), USA, Signal Ctr, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 USA SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 164 BP 235 EP 240 PG 6 WC Law SC Government & Law GA 314WP UT WOS:000087080800005 ER PT J AU Borch, CFL AF Borch, CFL TI Camouflage isn't only for combat: Gender, sexuality, and women in the military. SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, Signal Ctr, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. RP Borch, CFL (reprint author), USA, Signal Ctr, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 USA SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 164 BP 235 EP 240 PG 6 WC Law SC Government & Law GA 314WP UT WOS:000087080800004 ER PT J AU Kellogg, C AF Kellogg, C TI A glimpse of hell: The explosion on the USS Iowa and its coverup SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, Charlottesville, VA USA. RP Kellogg, C (reprint author), USA, Charlottesville, VA USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 USA SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 164 BP 241 EP 247 PG 7 WC Law SC Government & Law GA 314WP UT WOS:000087080800006 ER PT J AU Callahan, CW Peterson, D AF Callahan, CW Peterson, D TI Treatment of acute asthma in a field environment using albuterol and a large volume spacer SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Callahan, CW (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 165 IS 6 BP 449 EP 449 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 324RG UT WOS:000087634700005 PM 10870360 ER PT J AU Islinger, RB Kuklo, TR McHale, KA AF Islinger, RB Kuklo, TR McHale, KA TI A review of orthopedic injuries in three recent US military conflicts SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID OPEN FRACTURES; GULF-WAR; TRAUMA; AMPUTATIONS; OPERATIONS; WOUNDS; BONES AB We conducted a retrospective review of all patients with orthopedic injuries evacuated to a single medical center to evaluate the treatment and outcome of these injuries in three recent U.S. military conflicts: Operation Urgent Fury (Grenada), Operation Desert Shield/Storm (southwest Asia), and Operation Restore Hope (Somalia), Sixteen orthopedic casualties were originally treated at the medical detachment in Grenada before evacuation to the medical center. Most of these injuries were gunshot wounds to the extremities (11), with three known open fractures. Two patients (three extremities) sustained traumatic amputation (19% amputation rate). One hundred eighty-one patients with orthopedic injuries were medically evacuated from southeast Asia to the medical center for definitive treatment. Of these injuries, there were 143 fractures in 69 patients. One hundred of these fractures were open fractures, and 60% of these injuries were blast injuries, Furthermore, there were 26 amputations (14%). Twenty-two patients with orthopedic injuries were treated in Somalia and evacuated to the medical center. Thirteen of the 22 patients (59%) sustained gunshot wounds, and 2 (9%) sustained blast injuries. There were eight open fractures (36%) and three amputations in two patients (14%), Three of the 22 patients underwent successful limb salvage when ablation was the only other surgical alternative. It appears that a large percentage of medical center evacuations from military conflicts are for orthopedic injuries. Many of these injuries are the result of high-velocity weapons or blast injuries. Regardless of the size and/or purpose of the intervention, similar injury patterns and severity can be expected, because 51% of orthopedic patients had open fractures. Similarly, the rate of amputation associated with extremity trauma has not varied significantly since the Vietnam War. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Orthopaed Surg Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Islinger, RB (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Orthopaed Surg Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 23 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 165 IS 6 BP 463 EP 465 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 324RG UT WOS:000087634700009 PM 10870364 ER PT J AU Morey, AF Geracci, JJ AF Morey, AF Geracci, JJ TI Bladder entrapment after external fixation of traumatic pubic diastasis: Importance of follow-up computed tomography in establishing prompt diagnosis SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB A 30-year-old male was an unrestrained driver in a high-speed motor vehicle crash, On presentation, the patient was profoundly hypotensive with multiple injuries, including a 20-cm-deep perineal laceration with avulsion of the rectum, a diffusely tender abdomen, an unstable open-book pelvic fracture, and multiple rib fractures. Blood noted at the urethral meatus prompted a retrograde urethrogram and cystogram, which were within normal limits. A Foley catheter was placed with the return of clear urine. Closed reduction and external fixation of the pelvic fracture were performed emergently without difficulty. Postoperative computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis revealed a retrovesical pelvic hematoma and entrapment of the bladder in the reduced pubic symphysis diastasis, Lower abdominal exploration revealed an intact bladder without evidence of gross bladder wall injury. On release of the external fixator, the bladder was easily reduced into the normal retropubic location. Definitive internal fixation of the pubic diastasis was performed. No urologic sequelae were noted postoperatively. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Serv Urol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Morey, AF (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Serv Urol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 3 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 EI 1930-613X J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 165 IS 6 BP 492 EP 493 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 324RG UT WOS:000087634700016 PM 10870371 ER PT J AU Romero, JJ Clement, PF Belden, C AF Romero, JJ Clement, PF Belden, C TI Neuropsychological sequelae of heat stroke: Report of three cases and discussion SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Heat stroke includes neurologic impairment as a person's body temperature reaches 40.5 degrees C (105 degrees F) as a result of a failure of thermoregulation, The physiologic complications of heat stroke are well described in the literature, The domains of cognitive functioning affected and the severity of impairment resulting from heat stroke can vary from mild deficits in attention and memory to severe global dementia. There can also be changes in affect and personality that are equally debilitating. This article presents the neuropsychological test results of three active duty soldiers who suffered heat stroke and were tested within 2.5 months of injury. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Behav Med, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Romero, JJ (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Behav Med, Bldg 3600,3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 11 TC 13 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 165 IS 6 BP 500 EP 503 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 324RG UT WOS:000087634700019 PM 10870374 ER PT J AU Williams, DL Dietrich, C McBroom, J AF Williams, DL Dietrich, C McBroom, J TI Endocervical curettage when colposcopic examination is satisfactory and normal SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Clinical Meeting of the American-College-of-Obstetricians-and-Gynecologists CY MAY 15-19, 1999 CL PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA SP Amer Coll Obstetric & Gynecol ID ABNORMAL CERVICAL CYTOLOGY; PART AB Objective: To estimate the incidence of endocervical dysplasia in women with cervical cytology of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) or low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL) who have a satisfactory and normal colposcopic examination. Methods: An electronic colposcopy database was reviewed and women with satisfactory colposcopic examinations and original cervical cytology of ASCUS on two consecutive Papanicolaou smears, ASCUS favor SIL, or low-grade SIL were selected. Exclusion criteria were pregnancy, insufficient endocervical curettage (ECC), or colposcopic examination that showed an abnormality that required cervical biopsy. Subjects also were excluded if they were postmenopausal or had surgical or ablative therapy for cervical dysplasia within the past year. A computerized review of 2517 patient records found 860 that met the search criteria. A manual review of those records using the exclusion criteria isolated a study group of 159 women. Results: Four of 159 subjects (2.5%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.69, 6.3) had dysplastic cells in endocervical curettings. In these four, the ECC specimens had benign endocervical cells and separate fragments of squamous cells with mild dysplasia. In three women, loop electrosurgical excision procedures showed mild dysplasia limited to the transformation zone. The fourth subject was believed to have contamination from an unrecognized ectocervical lesion and was treated conservatively. A repeat ECC found benign endocervical cells. Involvement of the endocervix by dyplasia was excluded in all but one of 159 patients (0.63%, 95% CI 0.02, 3.5). Conclusion: Incidence of endocervical dysplasia was extremely low in women with cervical cytology of consecutive ASCUS, ASCUS favor SIL, or low-grade SIL who have a satisfactory and normal colposcopic examination. Our findings suggest that endocervical curettage might be safely avoided in those women. (Obstet Gynecol 2000;95:801-3). C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Gynecol Sect, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Williams, DL (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Gynecol Sect, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 15 TC 17 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 95 IS 6 BP 801 EP 803 DI 10.1016/S0029-7844(00)00821-8 PN 1 PG 3 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 320KW UT WOS:000087401200004 PM 10831970 ER PT J AU Frances, SP Watcharapichat, P Phulsuksombati, D Tanskul, P AF Frances, SP Watcharapichat, P Phulsuksombati, D Tanskul, P TI Transmission of Orientia tsutsugamushi, the aetiological agent for scrub typhus, to co-feeding mites SO PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE scrub typhus; Orientia tsutsugamushi; Rattus rattus; trombiculid mites; co-feeding transmission ID RICKETTSIA-TSUTSUGAMUSHI; VERTICAL TRANSMISSION; CHIGGERS ACARI; TROMBICULIDAE; THAILAND; TICKS; ORCHARD; BANGKOK; RODENTS AB Experiments were conducted to investigate the potential for transmission of Orientia tsutsugamushi, the aetiological agent for scrub typhus, when naturally infected mite larvae were co-feeding with uninfected larvae. Larvae from colonies of Leptotrombidium deliense and L. imphalum infected with O. tsutsugamushi were used. Transmission of O. tsutsugamushi to previously uninfected L, deliense and Blankaartia acuscutellaris co-fed with infected L. deliense was shown to occur. The overall minimum rate of acquisition was 1.6% (4/258) for L. deliense and 2.5% (3/119) for B. acuscutellaris. When individual infected L. deliense mere co-fed with B. acuscutellaris acquisition of O. tsutsugamushi was not detected. However, when 4 and 8 infected larvae were co-fed with B. acuscutellaris acquisition of O. tsutsugamushi was detected. Transmission of O. tsutsugamushi was not observed when uninfected L. deliense were co-fed with infected L. imphalum. This novel transmission route may explain the occurrence of rickettsiae in genera other than Leptotrombidium spp, which are considered to be the main vectors of O. tsutsugamushi. C1 Australian Army Malaria Inst, Gallipoli Barracks, Enoggera, Qld 4052, Australia. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, US Component, Dept Med Entomol, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Royal Thai Component, Dept Vet Med, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. RP Frances, SP (reprint author), Australian Army Malaria Inst, Gallipoli Barracks, Enoggera, Qld 4052, Australia. NR 19 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0031-1820 J9 PARASITOLOGY JI Parasitology PD JUN PY 2000 VL 120 BP 601 EP 607 DI 10.1017/S0031182099005909 PN 6 PG 7 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 325RR UT WOS:000087690600007 PM 10874723 ER PT J AU Sipos, ML Bauman, RA Widholm, JJ Kant, GJ AF Sipos, ML Bauman, RA Widholm, JJ Kant, GJ TI Behavioral effects of 8-OH-DPAT in chronically stressed male and female rats SO PHARMACOLOGY BIOCHEMISTRY AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE serotonin chronic stress; locomotor activity; figure-8 maze; acoustic startle response; 8-OH-DPAT; 5-HT1A receptors ID ACOUSTIC STARTLE REFLEX; GULF-WAR VETERANS; 5-HYDROXYINDOLEACETIC ACID; AUTORADIOGRAPHIC ANALYSES; PREPULSE INHIBITION; DORSAL HIPPOCAMPUS; LOCOMOTOR-ACTIVITY; RECEPTOR AGONISTS; SUSTAINED STRESS; 5-HT1A RECEPTORS AB The present study tested the hypothesis that chronic stress desensitizes serotonergic 5-HT1A receptors and alters behavioral changes following 5-HT1A agonist administration. Eating, acoustic startle response (ASR), and locomotor activity were measured in stressed and nonstressed male and female rats after 8-OH-DPAT administration. Stressed rats were paired and stressed by around-the-clock intermittent foot shock. Controllable stress (CS) rats could avoid/terminate shock for themselves and their yoked partners by pulling a ceiling chain, whereas their partners, the uncontrollable stress (UCS) rats, could not. Rats earned their entire daily ration of food by pressing a lever. In previous experiments, this paradigm was stressful, but not debilitating and rats continued to eat, groom, sleep, and avoid/escape greater than 99% of shock trials. Locomotor activity and ASR were measured in the present study after saline and 8-OH-DPAT administration (0.25 mg/kg, IP) before, 24 h, and 72 h after shock onset. 8-OH-DPAT only decreased food intake significantly in male and female rats after the first administration. Stress decreased food intake in both the CS and UCS rats, with UCS rats eating the least. However, the effects of stress and 8-OH-DPAT were not additive. 8-OH-DPAT significantly increased peak startle amplitude at 100 and 120 dB, and decreased latency to peak startle amplitude at 100 dB in male and female rats. In contrast, 8-OH-DPAT did not alter percent prepulse inhibition (%PPI) at 100 dB, but significantly decreased %PPI in males but not females at 120 dB. Stress did not have a consistent effect on ASR, but reduced %PPI in males, but not females. Neither stress nor 8-OH-DPAT significantly altered locomotor activity. Although the results do not show an increased sensitivity to 8-OH-DPAT in stressed rats, the unexpectedly weak effects of 8-OH-DPAT alone on the behavioral measures chosen limits the conclusions that can be drawn. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Inc. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Neurosci, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Sipos, ML (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Drug Assessment Div, 3100 Ricketts Point Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 77 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0091-3057 J9 PHARMACOL BIOCHEM BE JI Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 66 IS 2 BP 403 EP 411 DI 10.1016/S0091-3057(00)00178-7 PG 9 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 332FD UT WOS:000088062800025 PM 10880697 ER PT J AU Armstrong, TA Barish, KN Batsouli, S Bennett, SJ Bertaina, M Chikanian, A Coe, SD Cormier, TM Davies, R Dover, CB Fachini, P Fadem, B Finch, LE George, NK Greene, SV Haridas, P Hill, JC Hirsch, AS Hoversten, R Huang, HZ Jaradat, H Kumar, BS Lainis, T Lajoie, JG Lewis, RA Li, Q Libby, B Majka, RD Miller, TE Munhoz, MG Nagle, JL Pless, IA Pope, JK Porile, NT Pruneau, CA Rabin, MSZ Reid, JD Rimai, A Rose, A Rotondo, FS Sandweiss, J Scharenberg, RP Slaughter, AJ Smith, GA Tincknell, ML Toothacker, WS Van Buren, G Wohn, FK Xu, Z AF Armstrong, TA Barish, KN Batsouli, S Bennett, SJ Bertaina, M Chikanian, A Coe, SD Cormier, TM Davies, R Dover, CB Fachini, P Fadem, B Finch, LE George, NK Greene, SV Haridas, P Hill, JC Hirsch, AS Hoversten, R Huang, HZ Jaradat, H Kumar, BS Lainis, T Lajoie, JG Lewis, RA Li, Q Libby, B Majka, RD Miller, TE Munhoz, MG Nagle, JL Pless, IA Pope, JK Porile, NT Pruneau, CA Rabin, MSZ Reid, JD Rimai, A Rose, A Rotondo, FS Sandweiss, J Scharenberg, RP Slaughter, AJ Smith, GA Tincknell, ML Toothacker, WS Van Buren, G Wohn, FK Xu, Z TI Measurements of light nuclei production in 11.5A GeV/c Au plus Pb heavy-ion collisions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID STRUCTURE-FUNCTION A(Q(2)); COALESCENCE MODEL; AU+AU COLLISIONS; FLOW; EQUILIBRATION; EXPANSION; SPECTROMETER; AGS AB We report on measurements by the E864 experiment at the BNL-AGS of the yields of light nuclei in collisions of Au-197 with beam momentum of 11.5A GeV/c on targets of Pb-208 and Pt-197. The yields are reported for nuclei with baryon number A = 1 up to A = 7, and typically cover a rapidity range From y(c.m.) to y(c.m.)+1 and a transverse momentum range of approximately 0.1 less than or equal to p(T)/A less than or equal to 0.5 GeV/c. We calculate coalescence scale factors B-A from which we extract model-dependent source dimensions and collective flow velocities. We also examine the dependences of the yields on baryon number, spin, and isospin of the produced nuclei. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Armstrong, TA (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, 221 Kirkland Hall, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. NR 36 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD JUN PY 2000 VL 61 IS 6 AR 064908 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.61.064908 PG 20 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 323PW UT WOS:000087575000067 ER PT J AU Scobell, A AF Scobell, A TI Show of force: Chinese soldiers, statesmen, and the 1995-1996 Taiwan strait crisis SO POLITICAL SCIENCE QUARTERLY LA English DT Article C1 Univ Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. USA, War Coll, Natl Secur Affairs Strateg Studies Inst, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Scobell, A (reprint author), Univ Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. NR 55 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACAD POLITICAL SCIENCE PI NEW YORK PA 475 RIVERSIDE DRIVE, SUITE 1274, NEW YORK, NY 10115-1274 USA SN 0032-3195 J9 POLIT SCI QUART JI Polit. Sci. Q. PD SUM PY 2000 VL 115 IS 2 BP 227 EP 246 DI 10.2307/2657901 PG 20 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA 337GL UT WOS:000088349000003 ER PT J AU Birk, A Del Guercio, M Kinkennon, A Kooker, DE Kaste, P AF Birk, A Del Guercio, M Kinkennon, A Kooker, DE Kaste, P TI Interrupted-burning tests of plasma-ignited JA2 and M30 grains in a closed chamber SO PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS LA English DT Article AB Enhanced burning of plasma-ignited propellants has been deduced in recent years from closed bomb pressure traces. The question remains, however, whether the enhanced burning is inherent or possibly the result of propellant grain fracture. To find out, interrupted and non-interrupted burning tests were conducted with cylindrical perforated grains of JA2 and M30 in a closed bomb with a loading density of approximately 0.2 g/cm(3). Both, conventional black powder and plasma igniters were used, and a few tests were carried out with the propellants cooled to -20 degrees C. The plasma igniter was an ablating capillary, and the electrical energy density was about 0.7 kJ/g of propellant. The diameters of the collected grains yielded the actual burn distance at the time of the interrupted burning. The experimental pressure traces and the conventional burn rate coefficients of the propellants were used to calculate the theoretical depth burned assuming no plasma-induced burn rate modifications. From overlapping pressure traces at Several interrupted pressures, and from comparison to the calculated versus measured burn distances, it was found that there is burn tate enhancement during the plasma pulse-but not much once the pulse has ended. In contrast to the JA2 burn rates, both ambient and cold M30 burn rates, deduced from the non-interrupted tests using the BRLCB code, were enhanced even after the plasma turn-off, thus contradicting the interrupted-tests results. However, vivacity analysis of the non-interrupted tests indicated that the M30 grains exhibited increased surface area (possible fragmentation) because of the plasma interaction-an effect that would cause erroneous results from the BRLCB. Indeed, simulation of the noninterrupted M30 tests using the XNOVAKTC code, and assuming partial fragmentation of the propellant charge, yielded vivacities that mimicked the experimental ones. C1 USA, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Birk, A (reprint author), USA, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 9 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0721-3115 J9 PROPELL EXPLOS PYROT JI Propellants Explos. Pyrotech. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 25 IS 3 BP 133 EP 142 DI 10.1002/1521-4087(200006)25:3<133::AID-PREP133>3.0.CO;2-G PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 329QL UT WOS:000087918700005 ER PT J AU Kadkhodayan, S Knapp, MS Schmidt, JJ Fabes, SE Rupp, B Balhorn, R AF Kadkhodayan, S Knapp, MS Schmidt, JJ Fabes, SE Rupp, B Balhorn, R TI Cloning, expression, and one-step purification of the minimal essential domain of the light chain of botulinum neurotoxin type A SO PROTEIN EXPRESSION AND PURIFICATION LA English DT Article ID TOXIN TYPE-A; NEUROTRANSMITTER RELEASE; PROTEOLYTIC CLEAVAGE; B NEUROTOXIN; TETANUS; TOXICITY; PROTEIN; SNAP-25 AB A truncated but functional form of the botulinum neurotoxin A light chain (Tyr 9-Leu 415) has been cloned into the three bacterial expression vectors, PET 28, pET 30, and PGEX-2T, and produced as fusion proteins. This 406-amino-acid light chain was expressed with 1 six-histidine tag (LC-pET28), 2 six histidine tags and a S-tag (LC-pET30), or a six-histidine tag and a glutathione S-transferase tag (LC-pGEX-2T). The three fusion proteins have been overexpressed in Escherichia coli, purified in a soluble form, and tested for protease activity. All three recombinant proteins were found to have similar enzymatic activity, comparable to the light chain purified from the whole toxin, The LC-pET30 protein was the most soluble and stable of the three fusion proteins, and it could be purified using a one-step affinity chromatography protocol. The purified protein was determined to be 98% pure as assessed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel. This protein has been crystallized and initial X-ray data show that the crystals diffract to 1.8 Angstrom. (C) 2000 Academic Press. C1 L441 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Toxicol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Kadkhodayan, S (reprint author), L441 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 18 TC 19 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1046-5928 J9 PROTEIN EXPRES PURIF JI Protein Expr. Purif. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 19 IS 1 BP 125 EP 130 DI 10.1006/prep.2000.1227 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 323LF UT WOS:000087566300016 PM 10833399 ER PT J AU Engel, CC AF Engel, CC TI Unexplained physical symptoms: Medicine's "dirty little secret" and the need for prospective studies that start in childhood SO PSYCHIATRY-INTERPERSONAL AND BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Editorial Material ID CHRONIC-FATIGUE-SYNDROME; PRIMARY-CARE; FIBROMYALGIA; SERVICES; ILLNESS; PSYCHOPATHOLOGY; SOMATIZATION; PREVALENCE; JUDGMENT; CHILDREN C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, F Edward Hebert Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Deployment Hlth Clin Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Engel, CC (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, F Edward Hebert Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA SN 0033-2747 J9 PSYCHIATRY JI Psychiatry-Interpers. Biol. Process. PD SUM PY 2000 VL 63 IS 2 BP 153 EP 159 PG 7 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 345XX UT WOS:000088841500007 PM 10965545 ER PT J AU Schumm, WR Bell, DB Knott, B AF Schumm, WR Bell, DB Knott, B TI Characteristics of families of soldiers who return prematurely from overseas deployments: An assessment from Operation Restore Hope (Somalia) SO PSYCHOLOGICAL REPORTS LA English DT Article AB Nearly 500 wives, married to enlisted soldiers who deployed to Somalia for Operation Restore Hope, participated in a postdeployment study in the summer of 1993. About 10% of their husbands had returned early from Somalia for family reasons. Analysis of their wives' reports suggests that early returns were associated most often with childbirth or problematic pregnancies rather than other factors such as inexperience with deployments, negative attitudes towards the military, a lack of support services, or lower coping abilities. However, in hindsight, our results probably reflect compliance with military policy at that rime for that deployment, under which pregnancy-related concerns were one of the most legitimate reasons for permitting an early return. The results support sociological theories that highlight the importance of macrosocial factors in influencing the lives of individual families somewhat independently of the microsocial environment of the families. C1 USA, Res Inst, Alexandria, VA 22333 USA. Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. RP Bell, DB (reprint author), USA, Res Inst Behav & Social Sci, 5001 Eisenhower Ave, Alexandria, VA 22333 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMMONS SCIENTIFIC, LTD PI MISSOULA PA PO BOX 9229, MISSOULA, MT 59807-9229 USA SN 0033-2941 J9 PSYCHOL REP JI Psychol. Rep. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 86 IS 3 BP 1267 EP 1272 DI 10.2466/PR0.86.3.1267-1272 PN 2 PG 6 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 337AE UT WOS:000088334500035 PM 10932593 ER PT J AU Schumm, WR Bell, DB Knott, B AF Schumm, WR Bell, DB Knott, B TI Factors associated with spouses moving away from their military installation during an overseas deployment SO PSYCHOLOGICAL REPORTS LA English DT Article AB During overseas deployments, many spouses and families move away from their initial military installation, usually to live with or near relatives. Relatively little has been known about those who move away even though the issue is of importance to the military because its support systems are designed on the assumption that family members are living in proximity to those support systems. The purpose of this research was to describe the characteristics of those who actually moved away during a deployment compared to those who stayed but wanted to leave and to those who stayed. Results generally fit a social exchange model of reasons for moving, staying, or wanting to move but staying. High stress appears to lead to a desire to move but other factors act as barriers or facilitators to actually moving. Military family support did not predict moving away or staying. Implications for military support services are discussed. C1 USA, Res Inst, Alexandria, VA 22333 USA. Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Bell, DB (reprint author), USA, Res Inst Behav & Social Sci, ARI, 5001 Eisenhower Ave, Alexandria, VA 22333 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PSYCHOLOGICAL REPORTS PI MISSOULA PA P O BOX 9229, MISSOULA, MT 59807 USA SN 0033-2941 J9 PSYCHOL REP JI Psychol. Rep. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 86 IS 3 BP 1275 EP 1282 PN 2 PG 8 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 337AE UT WOS:000088334500037 PM 10932595 ER PT J AU Brandt, HE AF Brandt, HE TI Particle geodesics and spectra in the spacetime tangent bundle SO REPORTS ON MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HAGEDORN TEMPERATURE; FIELDS; STRINGS AB A limiting curvature of worldlines in spacetime serves as a possible basis for the differential geometry of the tangent bundle of spacetime. I first review briefly the resulting differential geometric structure of the spacetime tangent bundle. Next, I examine the relations between bundle geodesics and their projections on the spacetime base manifold. Possible classical particle equations of motion result from geodesic motion in the bundle manifold. Additionally, the Laplace-Beltrami operator is constructed on the bundle manifold. Possible particle spectra are represented by quantum fields that have a null eigenvalue when acted upon by the Laplace-Beltrami operator of the bundle manifold. The fields are shown to be automatically regularized by the limiting curvature of worldlines in spacetime, and particle spectra are show to be cut off at very high energy. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Brandt, HE (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM hbrandt@lamp0.arl.mi1 NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0034-4877 J9 REP MATH PHYS JI Rep. Math. Phys. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 45 IS 3 BP 389 EP 405 DI 10.1016/S0034-4877(00)80006-3 PG 17 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 330QU UT WOS:000087973400006 ER PT J AU Carrino, JA Chandnanni, VP Mitchell, DB Choi-Chinn, K DeBerardino, TM Miller, MD AF Carrino, JA Chandnanni, VP Mitchell, DB Choi-Chinn, K DeBerardino, TM Miller, MD TI Pectoralis major muscle and tendon tears: diagnosis and grading using magnetic resonance imaging SO SKELETAL RADIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE pectoralis major muscle; magnetic resonance imaging; tendons, injuries; tendons, magnetic resonance imaging; muscles, injuries; muscles, magnetic resonance imaging ID RUPTURE; AVULSION; REPAIR AB Objective. To assess the accuracy and utility of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in the detection and grading of pectoralis major muscle and tendon tears. Design and patients. A retrospective review was carried out of 10 patients referred for MR imaging for suspected pectoralis muscle injury and possible operative therapy. The pectoralis muscle and tendon were imaged using thin (3-4 mm) axial sections with a variety of sequences combined for anatomical delineation (T1-weighted SE or PD SE) and fluid detection (T2-weighted SE, T2-weighted FSE with fat suppression, or STIR). Surgical correlation was available in six patients. Clinical follow-up was available in four patients treated by nonoperative therapy. Results. MR imaging identified five complete tears, four partial tears and one normal tendon. One complete and one partial tear were at the myotendinous junction. The remaining seven injuries were at the enthesis. Surgical correlation consisted of five complete tears and one partial tear. One complete and one partial tear were at the myotendinous junction with the remaining four complete tears at the enthesis. The MR interpretation and surgical findings were in agreement in all six cases. All four patients treated with nonoperative therapy demonstrated improvement at a clinical follow-up examination, with restoration of function and strength consistent with a healed prior partial injury. Conclusion. MR imaging is accurate and useful in detecting and grading tears involving the pectoralis major muscle and tendon, facilitating the identification of patients with complete tears who are candidates for operative therapy. C1 Harvard Univ, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Radiol, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Orthoped Surg, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. WB Carrell Mem Clin, Dept Orthoped Surg, Dallas, TX USA. RP Carrino, JA (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Radiol, Sch Med, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115 USA. OI DeBerardino, Thomas/0000-0002-7110-8743 NR 30 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0364-2348 J9 SKELETAL RADIOL JI Skeletal Radiol. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 29 IS 6 BP 305 EP 313 PG 9 WC Orthopedics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Orthopedics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 333EJ UT WOS:000088116000001 PM 10929411 ER PT J AU Doebler, JA AF Doebler, JA TI Comparative effects of carboxylic ionophores on membrane potential and resistance of NG108-15 cells SO TOXICOLOGY IN VITRO LA English DT Article DE A23187; action potential; in vitro model; membrane potential; membrane resistance; monensin; NG108-15 (neuroblastoma X glioma) hybrid cells; nigericin ID MONENSIN; CALCIUM; A23187; PH; CONDUCTANCE; HEPATOCYTES; TOXICITY; LINE AB Comparative analyses were conducted to determine the effects of Na+ (monensin, MON), K+ (nigericin, NIG) and Ca2+ (A23187) selective carboxylic ionophores on differentiated NG108-15 (neuroblastoma X glioma hybrid) cells, Alterations in membrane potential (V-m), input resistance (Rin) and electrically induced action potential generation were measured using intracellular microelectrode techniques in cells treated with 0.1-30 mu M MON and NIG and 0.1-10 mu M A23187. Responses to the ionophores mere similar in that membrane hyperpolarization and unchanged R-in predominated with all three compounds. However, significant differences between the ionophores were also detected. MON- and A23187-induced hyperpolarization was generally maintained throughout the 24-min superfusion whereas that produced by NIG diminished with time or was replaced by depolarization. In addition, action potential generation was blocked by NIG, whereas MON had no effect and action potential alterations mere evident only with the highest A23187 concentration (10 mu M). This study represents the initial comprehensive analysis of the effects of carboxylic ionophores on membrane electrical characteristics of an intact cell system and forms the basis for subsequent work using NG108-15 cells as a model system to evaluate potential therapeutic treatments against the carboxylic ionophores. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Neurotoxicol Branch, Div Pharmacol, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Doebler, JA (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Neurotoxicol Branch, Div Pharmacol, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 31 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0887-2333 J9 TOXICOL IN VITRO JI Toxicol. Vitro PD JUN PY 2000 VL 14 IS 3 BP 235 EP 243 DI 10.1016/S0887-2333(00)00012-6 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 322WP UT WOS:000087532500006 PM 10806374 ER PT J AU Proctor, MD Connors, PE AF Proctor, MD Connors, PE TI Data representation for sensor models within a synthetic natural environment (SEDRIS) SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE SOCIETY FOR COMPUTER SIMULATION INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE virtual reality; interoperability; synthetic natural environment; sensors; data model; SEDRIS ID HIGH-LEVEL ARCHITECTURE; SIMULATION AB The Synthetic Environment Data Representation and interchange Specification (SEDRIS) methodology enables representation and interchange of environmental data between heterogeneous simulation systems. Central to the SEDRIS methodology is the correlation of local Synthetic Environment data models with the generalized SEDRIS Data Representation Model prior to the interoperation of a distributed system. The Unified Modeling Language and associated Data Dictionary provide the means to umambiguously articulate information about the Data Representation Model. We consider the general representation of sensor systems in the SEDRIS Data Representation Model, provide a survey of sensor simulations, and discuss enhancements to SEDRIS Data Representation Model stemming from our investigation. Future extensions to this methodology are also suggested. C1 Univ Cent Florida, Dept Ind Engn & Management Syst, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. USA, Infantary Div 7, Colorado Springs, CO 80913 USA. RP Proctor, MD (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Dept Ind Engn & Management Syst, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC COMPUTER SIMULATION PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 17900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92177 USA SN 0740-6797 J9 T SOC COMPUT SIMUL I JI Trans. Soc. Comput. Simul. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 17 IS 2 BP 46 EP 53 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 346EK UT WOS:000088857700001 ER PT J AU Powell, CR Stoller, ML Schwartz, BF Kane, C Gentle, DL Bruce, JE Leslie, SW AF Powell, CR Stoller, ML Schwartz, BF Kane, C Gentle, DL Bruce, JE Leslie, SW TI Impact of body weight on urinary electrolytes in urinary stone formers SO UROLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIETARY-INTAKE; PARATHYROID-HORMONE; URATE EXCRETION; MORBID-OBESITY; ANIMAL PROTEIN; URIC-ACID; CALCIUM; METABOLISM; BYPASS; WOMEN AB Objectives. Obesity increases the risk of developing chronic medical conditions such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and coronary artery disease. We performed a retrospective review of a large data base on urinary stones to determine if differences are found in urine and serum chemistries among obese and nonobese stone-forming patients. The effect of body weight on stone recurrence among urinary stone formers was also determined. Methods. A national data base containing serum biochemical profiles, 24-hour urine specimens, and standardized questionnaires was retrospectively evaluated from 5942 consecutive patients with urinary stone disease. Stone-forming patients were classified by body weight: nonobese men, less than 100 kg and nonobese women, less than 85 kg; intermediate men, 100 to 120 kg and intermediate women, 85 to 100 kg; and obese men, more than 120 kg and obese women, more than 100 kg. Results. Obese stone formers comprised 6.8% (n = 404) of the patient population. The mean weight in the nonobese and obese groups was 81 kg versus 134 kg, respectively, for men and 64 kg versus 112 kg, respectively, for women. Obese patients represented 3.8% of the male and 12.6% of the female population. Obese patients had increased urinary excretion of sodium, calcium, magnesium, citrate, sulfate, phosphate, oxalate, uric acid, and cystine; obesity was associated with increased urinary volumes and urine osmolality compared with the nonobese patients. Obese men had increased concentration of urinary sodium, oxalate, uric acid, sulfate, and phosphate when corrected for urinary volume. Obese women had increased concentrations of sodium, uric acid, sulfate, phosphate, and cystine. The mean number of stone episodes in nonobese versus obese men was similar (3.55 and 3.56), whereas mean stone episodes were 2.93 and 3.38 (P = 0.045) for nonobese versus obese women. Conclusions. Among known stone formers, obesity is associated with unique changes in both serum and urinary chemistries. These changes are associated with an increased incidence of urinary stone episodes in obese women but not in obese men. UROLOGY 55: 825-830, 2000. (C) 2000, Elsevier Science Inc. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Urol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Naval Ctr San Diego, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH USA. Lab Corp, Lorain, OH USA. RP Stoller, ML (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Urol, U-575, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. NR 29 TC 105 Z9 111 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0090-4295 J9 UROLOGY JI UROLOGY PD JUN PY 2000 VL 55 IS 6 BP 825 EP 830 DI 10.1016/S0090-4295(99)00617-2 PG 6 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 323AU UT WOS:000087543300008 PM 10840085 ER PT J AU Senarath, SUS Ogden, FL Downer, CW Sharif, HO AF Senarath, SUS Ogden, FL Downer, CW Sharif, HO TI On the calibration and verification of two-dimensional, distributed, Hortonian, continuous watershed models SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SYSTEME HYDROLOGIQUE EUROPEEN; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; UPLAND CATCHMENT; RUNOFF MODEL; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; PARAMETERIZATION; INFILTRATION; INFORMATION AB Physically based, two-dimensional, distributed parameter Hortonian hydrologic models are sensitive to a number of spatially varied parameters and inputs and are particularly sensitive to the initial soil moisture field. However, soil moisture data are generally unavailable for most catchments. Given an erroneous initial soil moisture field, single-event calibrations are easily achieved using different combinations of model parameters, including physically unrealistic values. Verification of single-event calibrations is very difficult for models of this type because of parameter estimation errors that arise from initial soil moisture field uncertainty. The purpose of this study is to determine if the likelihood of obtaining a verifiable calibration increases when a continuous flow record, consisting of multiple runoff producing events is used for model calibration. The physically based, two-dimensional, distributed, Hortonian hydrologic model CASC2D [Julien et al., 1995] is converted to a continuous formulation that simulates the temporal evolution of soil moisture between rainfall events. Calibration is performed using 6 weeks of record from the 21.3 km(2) Goodwin Creek Experimental Watershed, located in northern Mississippi. Model parameters are assigned based on soil textures, land use/land cover maps, and a combination of both. The sensitivity of the new model formulation to parameter variation is evaluated, Calibration is performed using the shuffled complex evolution method [Duan et al., 1991], Three different tests are conducted to evaluate model performance based on continuous calibration. Results show that calibration on a continuous basis significantly improves model performance for periods, or subcatchments, not used in calibration and the likelihood of obtaining realistic simulations of spatially varied catchment dynamics. The automated calibration reveals that the parameter assignment methodology used in this study results in overparameterization. Additional research is needed in spatially distributed hydrologic model parameter assignment methodologies for hydrologic forecasting. C1 Univ Connecticut, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Environm Res Inst, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Senarath, SUS (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Environm Res Inst, U-37, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RI Sharif, Hatim/E-4426-2010 NR 58 TC 82 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 36 IS 6 BP 1495 EP 1510 DI 10.1029/2000WR900039 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 317LL UT WOS:000087226800012 ER PT J AU Cote, PJ Rickard, C AF Cote, PJ Rickard, C TI Gas-metal reaction products in the erosion of chromium-plated gun bores SO WEAR LA English DT Article DE erosion; high contractile chromium; low contractile chromium; iron sulfide; iron oxide; chromium spallation; white layers AB While the general mechanisms in the erosion of gun bore surfaces are known to include coating spallation, gas-metal reactions, and melting, many of the details are issues of considerable uncertainty and debate. The present report addresses one of these issues, the origins of the loss of the protective chromium coating. A survey study was conducted on erosion damage in chromium-plated gun bore surfaces using specimens of three erosion-damaged, chromium-plated, 120-mm M256 gun barrels and two erosion-damaged, 155-mm gun barrels (M199 and XM297). Specimens were examined by optical microscopy, laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), and electron microprobe analyses. New insights regarding the erosion process and the origin of chromium loss were obtained from analyses of the initial damage to the steel at the tips of the fine cracks in the chromium. Products from gas-metal reactions at the gun bore surface are usually difficult to find because of gas wash effects. Observations on unetched specimens revealed that these products remain in place in the relatively protected regions beneath the chromium when chromium crack widths are small. The initial damage from gas-metal reactions is manifested optically as gray layers or gray reaction zones in the steel at the tips of the fine chromium cracks. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Armament Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Benet Labs, Watervliet, NY 12189 USA. RP Cote, PJ (reprint author), USA, Armament Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Benet Labs, Watervliet, NY 12189 USA. NR 14 TC 40 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0043-1648 J9 WEAR JI Wear PD JUN PY 2000 VL 241 IS 1 BP 17 EP 25 DI 10.1016/S0043-1648(00)00311-2 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 329AJ UT WOS:000087883700003 ER PT J AU Underwood, JH AF Underwood, JH TI Comments on "Gas-metal reaction products in the erosion of chromium plated gun bores," by Cote and Rickard SO WEAR LA English DT Letter C1 USA, Armament Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Benet Labs, Watervliet, NY 12189 USA. RP Underwood, JH (reprint author), USA, Armament Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Benet Labs, Watervliet, NY 12189 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0043-1648 J9 WEAR JI Wear PD JUN PY 2000 VL 241 IS 1 BP 118 EP 119 DI 10.1016/S0043-1648(00)00312-4 PG 2 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 329AJ UT WOS:000087883700014 ER PT J AU Cote, PJ Rickard, C AF Cote, PJ Rickard, C TI Gas-metal reaction products in the erosion of chromium plated gun bores - Authors' response to critique SO WEAR LA English DT Letter C1 USA, Armament Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Benet Labs, Watervliet, NY 12189 USA. RP Cote, PJ (reprint author), USA, Armament Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Benet Labs, Watervliet, NY 12189 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0043-1648 J9 WEAR JI Wear PD JUN PY 2000 VL 241 IS 1 BP 120 EP 120 DI 10.1016/S0043-1648(00)00313-6 PG 1 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 329AJ UT WOS:000087883700015 ER PT J AU Bruno, JD Bradshaw, JL Yang, RQ Pham, JT Wortman, DE AF Bruno, JD Bradshaw, JL Yang, RQ Pham, JT Wortman, DE TI Low-threshold interband cascade lasers with power efficiency exceeding 9% SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID II QUANTUM-WELLS AB Midinfrared (3.6-3.8 mu m) interband cascade lasers based on InAs/GaInSb type-II quantum wells have been demonstrated in the continuous-wave (cw) mode with low-threshold current densities (e.g., similar to 56 A/cm(2) at 80 K) and power efficiencies exceeding 9%. At a relatively low current of 0.4 A, we observed similar to 100 mW/facet of optical power out at 80 K (124 mW at 60 K) from lasers mounted epilayer-side up with uncoated facets. These lasers were able to operate in the cw mode at temperatures up to 127 K. Also, in the pulsed mode, devices lased at temperatures up to 250 K and displayed, at 80 K, a peak power efficiency exceeding 11%. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(00)02222-1]. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Yang, RQ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Bradshaw, John/E-8330-2011 NR 18 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 29 PY 2000 VL 76 IS 22 BP 3167 EP 3169 DI 10.1063/1.126618 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 317QX UT WOS:000087239400003 ER PT J AU He, JA Bian, SP Li, L Kumar, J Tripathy, SK Samuelson, LA AF He, JA Bian, SP Li, L Kumar, J Tripathy, SK Samuelson, LA TI Surface relief gratings from electrostatically layered azo dye films SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NONLINEAR-OPTICAL POLYMERS; FUNCTIONALIZED POLYMERS; MOLECULAR FILMS; ADSORPTION; MECHANISM; FORCE AB Surface relief gratings (SRGs) were fabricated on composite films assembled by alternate electrostatic deposition of a polyelectrolyte, poly(dimethyldiallylammonium chloride), and an organic azo dye, congo red. The modulation of SRGs was found to increase with the thickness of the matrix films. Significant photochemical bleaching of the azo dye in the polymeric microenvironment as well as gradient-force-induced migration of the small azo dye contributes to the formation of the SRG structure. This finding demonstrates a facile method to fabricate SRGs for optical and information storage applications using commercially available azo dyes and polyelectrolytes. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(00)04922-6]. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem, Ctr Adv Mat, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Ctr Adv Mat, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. USA, Natick Soldier Ctr, Soldier & Biol Chem Command, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Tripathy, SK (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem, Ctr Adv Mat, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. NR 24 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 29 PY 2000 VL 76 IS 22 BP 3233 EP 3235 DI 10.1063/1.126591 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 317QX UT WOS:000087239400025 ER PT J AU Pan, D Towe, E Kennerly, S AF Pan, D Towe, E Kennerly, S TI Photovoltaic quantum-dot infrared detectors SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHOTODETECTORS; (IN AB We demonstrate the operation of photovoltaic quantum-dot infrared detectors fabricated from (In, Ga)As/GaAs heterostructures. These detectors are sensitive to normal incidence light. At zero bias, we obtain a low-temperature (78 K) peak detectivity of 2x10(8) cm Hz(1/2)/W, with a responsivity of 1 mA/W at a wavelength of 13 mu m for one of the devices. The photovoltaic effect in our detectors is a result of the intrinsic inversion asymmetry of the band structure of self-formed quantum dots. A compensation voltage of 18 mV is measured. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(00)01222-5]. C1 Univ Virginia, Lab Opt & Quantum Elect, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Towe, E (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Lab Opt & Quantum Elect, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. NR 9 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 29 PY 2000 VL 76 IS 22 BP 3301 EP 3303 DI 10.1063/1.126613 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 317QX UT WOS:000087239400048 ER PT J AU Beesley, JA Bretherton, CS Jakob, C Andreas, EL Intrieri, JM Uttal, TA AF Beesley, JA Bretherton, CS Jakob, C Andreas, EL Intrieri, JM Uttal, TA TI A comparison of cloud and boundary layer variables in the ECMWF forecast model with observations at Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean (SHEBA) ice camp SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID RADAR REFLECTIVITY; CLIMATE MODEL; SIMULATIONS; RADIATION AB Cloud and boundary layer variables from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) forecast model were compared with measurements made from surface instruments and from upward looking 8 mm wavelength radar and lidar at the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean (SHEBA) ice camp during November and December of 1997. The precipitation accumulation, near-surface winds, and surface downward longwave irradiance predicted by the model were in good agreement with SHEBA observations during this period. However, surface downward longwave irradiance was underestimated by 10 W m(-2) on average when low clouds were present in the model and observations. The model demonstrated considerable skill in predicting the occurrence and vertical extent of cloudiness over SHEBA, with some tendency to overestimate the frequency of clouds below 1 km. A synthetic radar reflectivity estimated from the ECMWF model variables was compared with 8 mm wavelength radar measurements. The two were broadly consistent only if the assumed snowflake size distribution over SHEBA had a smaller proportion of large flakes than was found in previous studies at lower latitudes. The ECMWF model assumes a temperature-dependent partitioning of cloud condensate between water and ice. Lidar depolarization measurements at SHEBA indicate that both liquid and ice phase clouds occurred over a wide range of temperatures throughout the winter season, with liquid occurring at temperatures as low as 239 K. A much larger fraction of liquid water clouds was observed than the ECMWF model predicted. The largest discrepancies between the ECMWF model and the observations were in surface temperature (up to 15 K) and turbulent sensible heat fluxes (up to 60 W m(-2)). These appear to be due at least partially to the ECMWF sea ice model, which did not allow surface temperatures to respond nearly as rapidly to changing atmospheric conditions as was observed. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Natl Ice Ctr, Washington, DC USA. European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NOAA, Environm Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, 105 S Gregory Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM tonyb@atmos.uiuc.edu; breth@atmos.washington.edu; eandreas@ccrel.usace.army.mil; tuttal@etl.noaa.gov RI Intrieri, Janet/D-5608-2015; Jakob, Christian/A-1082-2010 OI Jakob, Christian/0000-0002-5012-3207 NR 20 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 27 PY 2000 VL 105 IS D10 BP 12337 EP 12349 DI 10.1029/2000JD900079 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 319WL UT WOS:000087366600021 ER PT J AU Wegner, SA Brodine, SK Mascola, JR Tasker, SA Shaffer, RA Starkey, MJ Barile, A Martin, GJ Aronson, N Emmons, WW Stephan, K Bloor, S Vingerhoets, J Hertogs, K Larder, B AF Wegner, SA Brodine, SK Mascola, JR Tasker, SA Shaffer, RA Starkey, MJ Barile, A Martin, GJ Aronson, N Emmons, WW Stephan, K Bloor, S Vingerhoets, J Hertogs, K Larder, B TI Prevalence of genotypic and phenotypic resistance to anti-retroviral drugs in a cohort of therapy-naive HIV-1 infected US military personnel SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV; drug resistance; phenotype; genotype ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; PROTEASE INHIBITORS; TYPE-1; GENE; TRANSMISSION; ZIDOVUDINE; VARIANTS; NEVIRAPINE AB Objective: While transmission of drug-resistant HIV-1 has been reported, estimates of prevalence of resistance in drug-naive populations are incomplete. We investigated the prevalence of genotypic mutations and phenotypic antiretroviral resistance in a cohort of HIV-1 infected U.S. military personnel prior to the institution of antiretroviral therapy. Design: Cross-sectional cohort study. Methods: Plasma was obtained from 114 recently HIV-1 infected subjects enrolled in an epidemiological study. Genotypic resistance was determined by consensus sequencing of a PCR product from the HIV-1 pol gene. Sequences were interpreted by a phenotypic-genotypic correlative database. Resistance phenotypes were determined by a recombinant virus cell culture assay. Results: Genotypic mutations and phenotypic resistance were found at a higher than expected frequency. Resistance to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors was most common, with a prevalence of 15% of 95 subjects by genotype and 26% of 91 subjects by phenotype. Genotypic and phenotypic resistance respectively were found in 4% and 8% of subjects for nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and in 10% and 1% for protease inhibitors. One subject harbored virus with resistance to all three drug classes. Conclusions: A substantial frequency of resistance to antiretroviral drugs was identified in a therapy-naive U.S. cohort. In most cases, the genotypic and phenotypic assays yielded similar results, although the genotypic assay could detect some protease inhibitor resistance-associated mutations in the absence of phenotypic resistance. These data suggest the need for optimization of treatment guidelines based on current estimates of the prevalence of drug resistance in HIV-1 seroconverters. (C) 2000 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 US Mil, HIV Res Program, Rockville, MD USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD USA. USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Natl Naval Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Portsmouth, VA USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Virco Belgium, Mechelen, Belgium. Virco UK, Cambridge, England. RP Wegner, SA (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Retrovirol, 1 Taft Ct Suite 250, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. NR 29 TC 94 Z9 97 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD MAY 26 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 8 BP 1009 EP 1015 DI 10.1097/00002030-200005260-00013 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 319UX UT WOS:000087362200013 PM 10853983 ER PT J AU Tsarev, SA Sanders, ML Vaughn, DW Innis, BL AF Tsarev, SA Sanders, ML Vaughn, DW Innis, BL TI Phylogenetic analysis suggests only one serotype of Japanese encephalitis virus SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE JEV genome; neighbor joining method; maximum parsimony; bootstrap ID ANTIGENIC ANALYSIS; NUCLEOTIDE; PROTEINS; GENE AB Phylogenetic analysis was performed for different genome regions of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). Similar genetic groupings were identified for all analyzed genome regions including complete genomes. More extensive analysis was performed for 92 isolates (complete envelope sequences) available in the GenBank. Results of phylogenetic analysis were compared with those performed for human positive strand RNA viruses with well characterized serotypes - poliovirus (PV) and dengue virus (DEN). The observed level of the JEV inter-genotype diversity was much less than that observed across PV and DEN serotypes and was consistent with the genetic diversity observed within PV or DEN serotypes. This genetic analysis supports the contention that all known JEV isolates comprise a single serotype. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Virus Dis, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Vaughn, DW (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Virus Dis, Bldg 503,Robert Grant Rd, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 17 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD MAY 26 PY 2000 VL 18 SU 2 BP 36 EP 43 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(00)00039-6 PG 8 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 322FD UT WOS:000087498800003 PM 10821972 ER PT J AU Means-Markwell, M Burgess, T DeKeratry, D O'Neil, K Mascola, J Fleisher, T Lucey, D AF Means-Markwell, M Burgess, T DeKeratry, D O'Neil, K Mascola, J Fleisher, T Lucey, D TI Eosinophilia with aberrant T cells and elevated serum levels of interleukin-2 and interleukin-15 SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID IDIOPATHIC HYPEREOSINOPHILIC SYNDROME; KILLER-CELLS; IN-VITRO; IL-15; CYTOKINE; PROLIFERATION; CYTOTOXICITY; ACTIVATION; EXPRESSION; EXPANSION C1 Washington Hosp Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, Washington, DC 20010 USA. Natl Naval Med Ctr, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Retrovirol, Rockville, MD USA. NIH, Warren G Magnuson Clin Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Lucey, D (reprint author), Washington Hosp Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, Rm 2A-56,110 Irving St NW, Washington, DC 20010 USA. NR 17 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD MAY 25 PY 2000 VL 342 IS 21 BP 1568 EP 1571 DI 10.1056/NEJM200005253422104 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 316XJ UT WOS:000087193100004 PM 10824075 ER PT J AU Bowden, CM Crenshaw, ME AF Bowden, CM Crenshaw, ME TI Cooperativities in two-level systems SO OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID INTRINSIC OPTICAL BISTABILITY; LOCAL-FIELD CORRECTION; 2-LEVEL ATOMS; DENSE COLLECTION; APPROXIMATION; RESONANCE; 1ST-ORDER; MEDIA AB Cooperativity, the competition between macroscopic cooperative behavior and single atom behavior, is discussed in relation to near-dipole-dipole (NDD) interactions that depend upon a single cooperativity parameter C-NDD. In particular, cooperativity is analyzed in relation to NDD processes in multicomponent systems that generate intrinsic superradiant-like behavior, as well as intrinsic optical bistability (IOB). Interpretation and comparison with the historical cooperativity parameterization stemming from supefluorescence (SF) and absorptive optical bistability (AOB) manifests the similarities, but also the essential differences, arising from local versus nonlocal effects and intrinsic versus extrinsic effects. The fundamental basis for these distinctions is discussed. These concepts are linked to single atom cooperativity in cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED). Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USA, Aviat & Missile Command, AMSAM RD WS ST, Weapons Sci Directorate, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. USA, Aviat & Missile Command, Ctr Engn, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Crenshaw, ME (reprint author), USA, Aviat & Missile Command, AMSAM RD WS ST, Weapons Sci Directorate, Redstone Arsenal, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 27 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0030-4018 J9 OPT COMMUN JI Opt. Commun. PD MAY 25 PY 2000 VL 179 IS 1-6 BP 63 EP 71 DI 10.1016/S0030-4018(00)00467-3 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 326NP UT WOS:000087741900009 ER PT J AU Sato, PA Ryan, M Gray, GC Hoffman, KJ Costello, CN Wassermann, GM Rubertone, MV Stanek, SA Grabenstein, JD Riddle, JR Trump, D AF Sato, PA Ryan, M Gray, GC Hoffman, KJ Costello, CN Wassermann, GM Rubertone, MV Stanek, SA Grabenstein, JD Riddle, JR Trump, D TI Surveillance for adverse events associated with Anthrax vaccination - US Department of Defense, 1998-2000 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 49, pg 341-345, 2000) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. USAF, Washington, DC 20330 USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. Anthrax Vaccine Immunizat Program Agcy, Off Army Surg Gen, Falls Church, VA USA. US Dept Def, Off Assistant Secretary Def, Washington, DC 20305 USA. RP Sato, PA (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 24 PY 2000 VL 283 IS 20 BP 2648 EP 2649 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 314FP UT WOS:000087046000013 ER PT J AU Owens, FJ AF Owens, FJ TI Evidence for phase transition in Cu-O ligands of the ladder material Sr14-xCaxCu24O41 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID METAL-INSULATOR-TRANSITION; SPIN GAP; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; TEMPERATURE; ABSORPTION AB Measurements of the temperature dependence of the resistance in Sr14-xCaxCu24O41, a novel cuprate having quasi-one-dimensional, two-leg Cu2O3 ladder planes and edge-shared CuO2 chains, show semiconducting behaviour with a transition to a smaller band gap occurring at temperatures where large surface resistance drops have been observed. At the same temperature changes in the Curie-Weiss dependence of the susceptibility are observed as well as changes of the g values of the EPR spectrum of the Cu2+ ions in the chains. The effects are suggested to be due to a structural phase transition in the CuO2 chains possibly resulting from a charge ordering transition in the chains. C1 USA, Armament Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Picatinny, NJ 07806 USA. CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP Owens, FJ (reprint author), USA, Armament Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Picatinny, NJ 07806 USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD MAY 22 PY 2000 VL 12 IS 20 BP 4475 EP 4481 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/12/20/303 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 323WN UT WOS:000087588100005 ER PT J AU Kelly, EP Greene, JJ King, AD Innis, BL AF Kelly, EP Greene, JJ King, AD Innis, BL TI Purified dengue 2 virus envelope glycoprotein aggregates produced by baculovirus are immunogenic in mice SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE dengue virus; purified envelope protein; recombinant protein; baculovirus; vaccine development ID JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; RECOMBINANT VACCINIA VIRUSES; LETHAL JEV INFECTION; HEPATITIS-B VIRUS; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; INSECT CELLS; STRUCTURAL PROTEINS; NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; MEMBRANE-PROTEINS AB The full-length dengue 2 virus envelope glycoprotein (Egp) was expressed in insect cells by recombinant (r) baculovirus and found to form multimeric aggregates that were recovered in the void volume of gel filtration columns and by ultracentrifugation. An immunoblot confirmed that rEgp aggregrates disrupted with SDS sample buffer released a monomeric form that migrated with a molecular weight similar to native dengue 2 virus Egp on polyacrylamide gels. The rEpp aggregates reacted strongly with a panel of monoclonal antibodies specific for the native Egp and which identify critical structural and functional epitopes. The rEgp aggregates were purified by ultracentrifugation through 30% sucrose, and were shown to be the major protein band on a polyacrylamide gel and corresponding immunoblot. Purified rEgp aggregates in combination with aluminum hydroxide induced high titer neutralizing antibodies in adult mice. The generation of full-length dengue 2 rEgp aggregates in insect cells facilitated development of a simple, effective procedure for purification of the recombinant protein: and represents a good approach for producing highly immunogenic dengue 2 rEgp as a component of a subunit vaccine. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Virus Dis, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Biol, Washington, DC 20064 USA. RP Kelly, EP (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Virus Dis, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 53 TC 57 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD MAY 22 PY 2000 VL 18 IS 23 BP 2549 EP 2559 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(00)00032-3 PG 11 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 316DA UT WOS:000087151100010 PM 10775789 ER PT J AU McCutchan, FE Viputtigul, K De Souza, MS Carr, JK Markowitz, LE Buapunth, P McNeil, JG Robb, ML Nitayaphan, S Birx, DL Brown, AE AF McCutchan, FE Viputtigul, K De Souza, MS Carr, JK Markowitz, LE Buapunth, P McNeil, JG Robb, ML Nitayaphan, S Birx, DL Brown, AE TI Diversity of envelope glycoprotein from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 of recent seroconverters in Thailand SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN THAILAND; HIV TYPE-1; INFECTION; SEQUENCES; SUBTYPES; ENV AB The envelope-coding sequence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) was determined for 11 Thai seroconverters between 1995 and 1996, On the basis of the env sequences, all subjects were infected with HIV subtype E. Compared with the interpatient protein diversity among HIV-1 Thai reference sequences from 1990 to 1992 (4.4%), the diversity among the 1995-1996 seroconverters was approximately double (9.5%), The tetrapeptide tip of the V3 loop was invariant for 10 of the 11 seroconverters, and identical to that observed in sequences derived from the 1990-1992 group. However, in the V3 region, sequences from 2 of the 11 subjects demonstrated more than 5 amino acid changes relative to the reference strains. This may represent the "aging" of the HIV epidemic seen in other endemic regions. These findings may have substantial implications for vaccine development and evaluation for both HIV antibody and cytotoxic T lymphocyte repertoire recognition. C1 US Army Components, Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Retrovirol, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Royal Thai Army, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Brown, AE (reprint author), US Army Components, Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Retrovirol, 315-6 Rajvithi Rd, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. NR 16 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD MAY 20 PY 2000 VL 16 IS 8 BP 801 EP 805 DI 10.1089/088922200308792 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 315AF UT WOS:000087089900011 PM 10826486 ER PT J AU Nettleton, JE Schilling, BW Barr, DN Lei, JS AF Nettleton, JE Schilling, BW Barr, DN Lei, JS TI Monoblock laser for a low-cost, eyesafe, microlaser range finder SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL PARAMETRIC OSCILLATOR; GLASS; YB; ER AB A small, lightweight, low-cost prototype laser has been developed for use in a microlaser range finder (mu LRF). The laser design is based on a flash-lamp-pumped, Nd:YAG laser with a Cr4+ passive Q switch. The design incorporates a monolithic potassium titanyl arsenide (KTA) optical parametric oscillator (OPO) in an intracavity configuration, producing output at 1.54 mu m Precisely cut, properly coated crystals make up the laser resonator, reducing the number of components and enabling laser oscillation with the simplest of alignment fixtures. The 1.54-mu m laser cavity consists of only four rectangular-shaped crystals: a Nd:YAG laser rod, a Nd:YAG endcap, a Cr4+ Q switch, and a KTA OPO. Along with a ceramic laser pallet and a flash lamp, these six components make up a prototype monoblock (essentially a one-piece) laser transmitter. Several of these simple prototypes have been built and tested, giving a nominal output of >3.0 mJ at 1.54 mu m with a 27-ns pulse width. The transmitter was incorporated into a breadboard laser range finder, and successful ranging operations were performed to targets at ranges in excess of 3 km. (C) 2000 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: 140.0140, 140.3530, 140.3540, 140.3580, 280.3400. C1 USA, Commun Elect Command, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, R&D & Engn Ctr, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Nettleton, JE (reprint author), USA, Commun Elect Command, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, R&D & Engn Ctr, 10221 Burbeck Rd,Suite 430, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. EM schillin@nvl.army.mil NR 13 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD MAY 20 PY 2000 VL 39 IS 15 BP 2428 EP 2432 DI 10.1364/AO.39.002428 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 315NQ UT WOS:000087120200009 PM 18345155 ER PT J AU Pastel, RL Sausa, RC AF Pastel, RL Sausa, RC TI Spectral differentiation of trace concentrations of NO2 from NO by laser photofragmentation with fragment ionization at 226 and 452 nm: quantitative analysis of NO-NO2 mixtures SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID ENHANCED MULTIPHOTON IONIZATION; MULTI-PHOTON IONIZATION; INDUCED-FLUORESCENCE; NITROGEN-DIOXIDE; PHOTOIONIZATION SPECTROMETRY; CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS; GAS-MIXTURES; NITRIC-OXIDE; DISSOCIATION; DISTRIBUTIONS AB Laser-induced photofragmentation with fragment ionization is used to detect and spectrally differentiate trace concentrations of NO2 from NO in NO-NO2 mixtures. A laser operating near 226 or 452 nm ionizes the target molecules, and the resulting electrons are collected with miniature electrodes. NO is detected by (1 + 1) resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization by means of its A (2)Sigma(+) <-- X (2)Pi (0, 0) transitions near 226 nm, whereas NO, is detected near 226 nn by laser photofragmentation with subsequent NO fragment ionization by means of both its A (2)Sigma(+) <-- X (2)Pi (0, 0) and (1, 1) transitions. The NO fragment generated from the photolysis of NO2 is produced rovibrationally excited with a significant population in the first vibrational level of the ground electronic state (X (2)Pi, upsilon " = 1). In contrast, ambient NO has a room-temperature, Boltzmann population distribution favoring the lowest ground vibrational level (X (2)Pi, upsilon " = 0). Thus discrimination is possible when the internal energy distributions of both fragment NO and ambient NO are probed. We also demonstrate this approach using visible radiation, further simplifying the experimental apparatus because frequency doubling of the laser radiation is not required. We measured up to three decades of NO-NO2. mixtures with limits of detection (signal-to-noise ratio of 3) in the low parts per billion for both NO and NO2 for a 10-s integration time using both ultraviolet or visible radiation. (C) 2000 Optical Society of America. OCIS codes: 300.6360, 300.6410, 280.3420, 190.4180, 300.0200. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, WM,BD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Pastel, RL (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Phys, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM sausa@arl.mil NR 39 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 5 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD MAY 20 PY 2000 VL 39 IS 15 BP 2487 EP 2495 DI 10.1364/AO.39.002487 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 315NQ UT WOS:000087120200018 PM 18345164 ER PT J AU Tolnay, M Barany, L Tsokos, GC AF Tolnay, M Barany, L Tsokos, GC TI Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein DO contains transactivator and DNA-binding domains SO BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE regulation of transcription; transactivation; transcription factor ID SINGLE-STRANDED-DNA; RNA-BINDING; TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATOR; C-PROTEINS; HNRNP-D; IDENTIFICATION; EXPRESSION; GENE; LR1; CLONING AB Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein D0 (hnRNP D0) is an abundant, ubiquitous protein that binds RNA and DNA sequences specifically, and has been implicated in the transcriptional regulation of the human complement receptor 2 gene. We found that in vivo expression of hnRNP D0-GAL4 fusion proteins increased the transcriptional activity of a GAL4-driven reporter gene, providing direct proof that hnRNP D0 possesses a transactivator domain. We found, using truncated hnRNP D0proteins fused to GAL4, that 29 amino acids in the N-terminal region are critical for transactivation. We established, using a series of recombinant truncated hnRNP D0 proteins, that the tandem RNA-binding domains alone were not able to bind double-stranded DNA. Nevertheless, 24 additional amino acids of the C-terminus imparted sequence-specific DNA binding. Experiments using peptide-specific antisera supported the importance of the 24-amino-acid region in DNA binding, and suggested the involvement of the 19-amino-acid alternative insert which is present in isoforms B and D. The N-terminus had an inhibitory effect on binding of hnRNP D0 to single-stranded, but not to double-stranded, DNA. Although both recombinant hnRNP D0E and D0D bound DNA, only the B isoform recognized DNA in vivo. We propose that the B isoform of hnRNP D0 functions in the nucleus as a DNA-binding transactivator and has distinct transactivator and DNA-binding domains. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Cellular Injury, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Biochem, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Tolnay, M (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Cellular Injury, 503 Robert Grant Ave,Bldg 503,Rm 1A32, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI42782] NR 41 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU PORTLAND PRESS PI LONDON PA 59 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON W1N 3AJ, ENGLAND SN 0264-6021 J9 BIOCHEM J JI Biochem. J. PD MAY 15 PY 2000 VL 348 BP 151 EP 158 DI 10.1042/0264-6021:3480151 PN 1 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 324CL UT WOS:000087604200020 PM 10794726 ER PT J AU Morgan, CA Wang, S Mason, J Southwick, SM Fox, P Hazlett, G Charney, DS Greenfield, G AF Morgan, CA Wang, S Mason, J Southwick, SM Fox, P Hazlett, G Charney, DS Greenfield, G TI Hormone profiles in humans experiencing military survival training SO BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE cortisol; testosterone; thyroid; military stress; posttraumatic stress disorder ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; PROLONGED PHYSICAL STRESS; CORTISOL-LEVELS; PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESS; SLEEP-DEPRIVATION; TESTOSTERONE LEVELS; ENERGY DEFICIENCY; THYROID-HORMONES; IMMUNE FUNCTION; TRAIT ANXIETY AB Background: Clinical models of the human response to intense, acute stress have been limited to laboratory settings or cross sectional characterizations. As a result, data about the sensitivity of the human neuroendocrine activation to realistic stressors of varying magnitudes are limited. The U.S. Army survival course offers a unique opportunity to examine, in a controlled manner, the human response to acute, realistic, military stress. Methods: Salivary data were collected in 109 subjects at baseline during four stress exposure time points and at recovery. Serum data was collected at baseline and recovery in 72 subjects ana ar baseline ana during stress exposure in a subgroup of subjects (n = 21). Results: Cortisol significantly increased during the captivity experience and was greatest after subjects' exposure to interrogations. Cortisol remained significantly elevated at recovery. Testosterone was significantly reduced within 12 hours of captivity. Reductions of both total and free T4 and of total and free T3 were observed, as were increases in thyrotropin. Conclusions: The stress of military survival training produced dramatic alterations in cortisol, percent free cortisol, testosterone, and thyroid indices. Different types of stressors had varying effects on the neuroendocrine indices. The degree of neuroendocrine changes observed may have significant implications for subsequent responses to stress. (C) 2000 Society of Biological Psychiatry. C1 VA Connecticut Healthcare Syst, Natl Ctr PTSD Anxiety Clin, W Haven, CT 06516 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, New Haven, CT USA. Co A, Battalion 2, Special Warfare Training Grp 1, Fort Bragg, NC USA. USA, John F Kennedy Special Warfare Ctr & Sch, Ft Bragg, NC USA. USA, Psychol Applicat Directorate, Ft Bragg, NC USA. RP Morgan, CA (reprint author), VA Connecticut Healthcare Syst, Natl Ctr PTSD Anxiety Clin, 950 Campbell Ave, W Haven, CT 06516 USA. NR 57 TC 110 Z9 112 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0006-3223 J9 BIOL PSYCHIAT JI Biol. Psychiatry PD MAY 15 PY 2000 VL 47 IS 10 BP 891 EP 901 DI 10.1016/S0006-3223(99)00307-8 PG 11 WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 312XA UT WOS:000086968200006 PM 10807962 ER PT J AU Gruber, JB Reynolds, TA Keszler, DA Zandi, B AF Gruber, JB Reynolds, TA Keszler, DA Zandi, B TI Spectroscopic properties of nonlinear NdSc3(BO3)(4) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LASER-CRYSTAL; ENERGY-LEVELS; PHYSICS AB NdSc3(BO3)(4) (NdSB) can be grown as a nonlinear optical crystal having hexagonal (huntite) structure. The crystal has important spectroscopic properties suitable for various applications in photonics. The observed crystal-field splitting of the energy levels of Nd3+(4f(3)) has been identified based on analyses of the fluorescence, absorption, and excitation spectra obtained at 13, 80, and 300 K. A detailed crystal-field splitting calculation in which initial crystal-field parameters B-nm are established from lattice-sum calculations gives good agreement to the observed splitting. Experimental branching ratios and fluorescence lifetimes are reported and are compared with calculated values. The spectroscopic properties of Nd3+ in NdSB are also compared with values obtained for Nd3+ as a dopant in the nonlinear crystal YAl3(BO3)(4). (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(00)00510-7]. C1 San Jose State Univ, Dept Phys, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. Rey Tech Corp, Bend, OR 97702 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Gruber, JB (reprint author), San Jose State Univ, Dept Phys, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. OI Keszler, Douglas/0000-0002-7112-1171 NR 22 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2000 VL 87 IS 10 BP 7159 EP 7163 DI 10.1063/1.372963 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 308TY UT WOS:000086730000003 ER PT J AU Boyle, T Das, R Jett, M AF Boyle, T Das, R Jett, M TI Comparison of gene expression patterns induced by staphylococcal enterotoxins in human lymphoid cells SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Mol Pathol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAY 11 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 8 MA 1535 BP A1579 EP A1579 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 313NH UT WOS:000087005401565 ER PT J AU Cerasoli, DM Maxwell, DM Lenz, DE AF Cerasoli, DM Maxwell, DM Lenz, DE TI Generation of genetically modified mice with low serum carboxylesterase SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Pharmacol, Biochem Pharmacol Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAY 11 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 8 MA 948 BP A1476 EP A1476 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 313NH UT WOS:000087005400979 ER PT J AU Ionin, B Das, R Jett, M AF Ionin, B Das, R Jett, M TI Staphylococcal enterotoxin B induces apoptosis in human kidney cells SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAY 11 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 8 MA 1187 BP A1519 EP A1519 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 313NH UT WOS:000087005401216 ER PT J AU Kiang, JG AF Kiang, JG TI Constitutive NO synthase inhibitor N omega-nitro-L-arginine attenuates expression of heat shock protein 72 kD via inhibition of heat shock factor 1 in human colon carcinoma T84 cells. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Cellular Injury, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAY 11 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 8 MA 397 BP A1379 EP A1379 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 313NH UT WOS:000087005400430 ER PT J AU Ray, P Sheikh, F AF Ray, P Sheikh, F TI Sulfur mustard (SM) stimulates the transcription of a serine protease in cultured normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK). SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAY 11 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 8 MA 1244 BP A1529 EP A1529 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 313NH UT WOS:000087005401277 ER PT J AU Ray, R Bhat, KR Benton, BJ Sparks, A Anderson, DR Petrali, P Rosenthal, DS AF Ray, R Bhat, KR Benton, BJ Sparks, A Anderson, DR Petrali, P Rosenthal, DS TI Apoptosis following DNA damage due to sulfur mustard (SM): Regulation via poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK). SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Georgetown Univ, Sch Med, Washington, DC 20007 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAY 11 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 8 MA 1180 BP A1518 EP A1518 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 313NH UT WOS:000087005401212 ER PT J AU Royaee, A Das, R Jett, M Yang, DCH AF Royaee, A Das, R Jett, M Yang, DCH TI Identification of alterations in gene expression in response to cholera toxin in human lymphoid cells SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Georgetown Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20057 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Pathol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RI Yang, David/A-7294-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAY 11 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 8 MA 1536 BP A1580 EP A1580 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 313NH UT WOS:000087005401566 ER PT J AU Saxena, A Hur, RS Fedorko, JM Doctor, BP AF Saxena, A Hur, RS Fedorko, JM Doctor, BP TI The natural monomeric form of fetal bovine serum acetylcholinesterase (FBS AChE) is truncated at the C-terminus. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAY 11 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 8 MA 647 BP A1424 EP A1424 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 313NH UT WOS:000087005400677 ER PT J AU Inglesby, TV Dennis, DT Henderson, DA Bartlett, JG Ascher, MS Eitzen, E Fine, AD Friedlander, AM Hauer, J Koerner, JF Layton, M McDade, J Osterholm, MT O'Toole, T Parker, G Perl, TM Russell, PK Schoch-Spana, M Tonat, K AF Inglesby, TV Dennis, DT Henderson, DA Bartlett, JG Ascher, MS Eitzen, E Fine, AD Friedlander, AM Hauer, J Koerner, JF Layton, M McDade, J Osterholm, MT O'Toole, T Parker, G Perl, TM Russell, PK Schoch-Spana, M Tonat, K CA Working Grp Civilian Biodefense TI Plague as a biological weapon - Medical and public health management SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID YERSINIA-PESTIS INFECTION; EXPERIMENTAL PNEUMONIC PLAGUE; DOXYCYCLINE; CIPROFLOXACIN; MICE AB Objective The Working Group on Civilian Biodefense has developed consensus-based recommendations for measures to be taken by medical and public health professionals following the use of plague as a biological weapon against a civilian population. Participants The working group included 25 representatives from major academic medical centers and research, govern ment, military, public health, and emergency management institutions and agencies. Evidence MEDLINE databases were searched from January 1966 to June 1998 for the Medical Subject Headings plague, Yersinia pestis, biological weapon, biological terrorism, biological warfare, and biowarfare, Review of the bibliographies of the references identified by this search led to subsequent identification of relevant references published prior to 1966. In addition, participants identified other unpublished references and sources. Additional MEDLINE searches were conducted through January 2000. Consensus Process The first draft of the consensus statement was a synthesis of information obtained in the formal evidence-gathering process. The working group was convened to review drafts of the document in October 1998 and May 1999. The final statement incorporates all relevant evidence obtained by the literature search in conjunction with final consensus recommendations supported by all working group members. Conclusions An aerosolized plague weapon could cause fever, cough, chest pain, and hemoptysis with signs consistent with severe pneumonia 1 to 6 days after exposure. Rapid evolution of disease would occur in the 2 to 4 days after symptom onset and would lead to septic shock with high mortality without early treatment. Early treatment and prophylaxis with streptomycin or gentamicin or the tetracycline or fluoroquinolone classes of antimicrobials would be advised. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Johns Hopkins Ctr Civilian Biodef Studies, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Johns Hopkins Ctr Civilian Biodef Studies, Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Calif State Dept Hlth Serv, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Frederick, MD USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, McLean, VA 22102 USA. New York City Dept Hlth, Off Communicable Dis, New York, NY 10013 USA. US Dept HHS, Off Emergency Preparedness, Rockville, MD USA. Infect Control Advisory Network Inc, Eden Prairie, MN USA. RP Inglesby, TV (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Johns Hopkins Ctr Civilian Biodef Studies, Sch Med, Candler Bldg,Suite 850,111 Market Pl, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. OI /0000-0003-3225-9968 NR 72 TC 543 Z9 559 U1 4 U2 48 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 3 PY 2000 VL 283 IS 17 BP 2281 EP 2290 DI 10.1001/jama.283.17.2281 PG 10 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 307UB UT WOS:000086671600037 PM 10807389 ER PT J AU Spradlin, GS AF Spradlin, Gregory S. TI An elliptic equation with spike solutions concentrating at local minima of the Laplacian of the potential SO ELECTRONIC JOURNAL OF DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS LA English DT Article DE Nonlinear Schrodinger Equation; variational methods; singularly perturbed elliptic equation; mountain-pass theorem; concentration compactness; degenerate critical points AB We consider the equation -epsilon(2)Delta u + V(z)u = f(u) which arises in the study of nonlinear Schrodinger equations. We seek solutions that are positive on R-N and that vanish at infinity. Under the assumption that f satisfies super-linear and sub-critical growth conditions, we show that for small epsilon there exist solutions that concentrate near local minima of V. The local minima may occur in unbounded components, as long as the Laplacian of V achieves a strict local minimum along such a component. Our proofs employ variational mountain-pass and concentration compactness arguments. A penalization technique developed by Felmer and del Pino is used to handle the lack of compactness and the absence of the Palais-Smale condition in the variational framework. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Math Sci, West Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Spradlin, GS (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Math Sci, West Point, NY 10996 USA. EM gregory-spradlin@usma.edu NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TEXAS STATE UNIV PI SAN MARCOS PA 601 UNIVERSTITY DRIVE, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 1072-6691 J9 ELECTRON J DIFFER EQ JI Electron. J. Differ. Equ. PD MAY 2 PY 2000 AR 32 PG 14 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA V25TJ UT WOS:000208500000001 ER PT J AU Hepburn, MJ Johnson, JM Ward, JA Longfield, JN AF Hepburn, MJ Johnson, JM Ward, JA Longfield, JN TI A survey of smoking cessation knowledge, training, and practice among US Army general medical officers SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Army American College of Physicians Regional Meeting CY NOV, 1997 CL RESTON, VIRGINIA SP Army Amer Coll Physicians DE general medical officer (GMO); general practice; military medicine; nicotine patch; nicotine replacement therapy; smokeless tobacco; smoking; smoking cessation; United States Army ID TOBACCO USE; STOP SMOKING; PHYSICIANS; MILITARY; PROGRAM; NAVY AB Background: Historically, cigarette-smoking rates have been higher among military: personnel than among civilians, although recently these rates have decreased. Methods: In March 1997, a questionnaire assessing (1) training received on smoking cessation, (2) objective knowledge of smoking-cessation techniques, (3) frequency of practice habits, and (4) personal tobacco use among physicians, was successfully mailed to 232 of the total population of 279 Army general medical officers (GMOs). Results: One-hundred-fifty (65%) GMOs returned questionnaires. Of these, 3.3% reported personal cigarette smoking, and 7.3% regularly used smokeless tobacco. During internship, few (13%) GMOs received smoking-cessation training. Primary care programs provided training more frequently than did surgery internship programs. The mean score on the objective knowledge portion was 72%. GMOs had a variable practice pattern in their use of smoking-cessation techniques (percent answering "usually" or "always"): helping patients set quit dates (35%), offering to prescribe the nicotine patch (59%), referring patients to a behavior-modification program (86%), Physicians who received training during internship were significantly more likely (p < 0.01) to help their patients set a quit date. Training did not result in a statistically increased frequency of other practice habits. Conclusions: GMOs received minimal training on smoking cessation during internship. GMOs refer patients to smoking-cessation classes, reflecting the strategy of the,Army Health Promotion program. Strategies to increase the frequency that GMOs prescribe nicotine replacement and assist patients in setting a quit date are needed. Military smoking-cessation efforts may provide valuable lessons for the civilian community. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Hepburn, MJ (reprint author), MCHE MD, Dept Med, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 18 IS 4 BP 300 EP 304 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(00)00123-9 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 311UH UT WOS:000086903700005 PM 10788732 ER PT J AU Vennerstrom, JL Ager, AL Andersen, SL Grace, JM Wongpanich, V Angerhofer, CK Hu, JK Wesche, DL AF Vennerstrom, JL Ager, AL Andersen, SL Grace, JM Wongpanich, V Angerhofer, CK Hu, JK Wesche, DL TI Assessment of the antimalarial potential of tetraoxane WR 148999 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-LIVER-MICROSOMES; FERRIPROTOPORPHYRIN-IX; ARTEMISININ; PHARMACOKINETICS; CHLOROQUINE; DERIVATIVES; RESISTANCE; INVITRO; 7,8,15,16-TETRAOXADISPIRO<5.2.5.2>HEXADECANES; DISPIRO-1,2,4,5-TETRAOXANES AB The antimalarial peroxide, dispiro-1,2,4,5-tetraoxane WR 148999, was synergistic with chloroquine, quinine, mefloquine, and artemisinin against both D6 and W2 clones of Plasmodium falciparum. In consideration of the contrasting antagonism between artemisinin and chloroquine, these drug combination data imply that WR 148999 and artemisinin may not share a common mechanism of action. For Plasmodium berghei-infected mice given oral, subcutaneous, and intraperitoneal doses of WR 148999 ranging from 2 to 1024 mg/kg in the Thompson test, median survival times were 8.8, 11.8, and 27.5 days, respectively, compared to 8 days for control animals. Using subcutaneous administration, WR 148999 had a considerably longer duration of action than did artemisinin against P. berghei. WR 148999 did not significantly inhibit cytochrome P450 isozymes CYP 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, 2E1, or 3A4 (IC50 >500 muM) but did inhibit CYP 1A2 with an IC50 value of 36 muM, suggesting that WR 148999 may be metabolized by the latter CYP isozyme. These results combined with previous observations that formulation strategies and incorporation of polar functional groups in a series of WR 148999 analogs both failed to enhance tetraoxane oral antimalarial activity suggest that oral bioavailability of tetraoxane WR 148999 is more likely a function of extensive first-pass metabolism rather than solubility-limited dissolution. C1 Univ Nebraska, Med Ctr, Coll Pharm, Omaha, NE 68198 USA. Univ Miami, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Miami, FL 33136 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Univ Illinois, Program Collaborat Res Phamracol Sci, Coll Pharm, Chicago, IL USA. RP Vennerstrom, JL (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Med Ctr, Coll Pharm, 986025 Nebraska Med Ctr, Omaha, NE 68198 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [1 R29 AI34408-01A1] NR 29 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 62 IS 5 BP 573 EP 578 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 412HP UT WOS:000167549200006 PM 11289666 ER PT J AU Hyer, RN Howell, MR Ryan, MAK Gaydos, JC AF Hyer, RN Howell, MR Ryan, MAK Gaydos, JC TI Cost-effectiveness analysis of reacquiring and using adenovirus types 4 and 7 vaccines in naval recruits SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID ACUTE RESPIRATORY-DISEASE; US-ARMY TRAINEES; MILITARY TRAINEES; PCR; SURVEILLANCE; VACCINATION; OUTBREAK AB Adenovirus vaccines have controlled acute respiratory disease (ARD) in military recruits since 1971. Vaccine production, however, ceased and new facilities are required. We assessed whether reacquiring and using vaccines in naval recruits is cost-effective. Three policy options were evaluated: no vaccination, seasonal vaccination, and year-round vaccination. Morbidity (outpatient and inpatient), illness costs (medical and lost training), and vaccine program costs (start-up, acquisition, and distribution) were modeled using a decision-analytic method. Results were based on a cohort of 49,079 annual trainees, a winter vaccine-preventable ARD rate of 2.6 cases per 100 person-weeks, a summer incidence rate at 10% of the winter rate, a hospitalization rate of 7.6%, and a production facility costing US$12 million. Compared to no vaccination, seasonal vaccination prevented 4,015 cases and saved $2.8 million per year. Year-round vaccination prevented 4,555 cases and saved $2.6 million. Reacquiring and using adenovirus vaccines seasonally or year-round saves money and averts suffering. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Prevent Med, Dept Def Global Emerging Infect Surveillance & Re, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Div Infect Dis, Baltimore, MD USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. RP Gaydos, JC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Prevent Med, Dept Def Global Emerging Infect Surveillance & Re, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 29 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 62 IS 5 BP 613 EP 618 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 412HP UT WOS:000167549200013 PM 11289673 ER PT J AU Isaacson, M Frean, J He, JK Seriwatana, J Innis, BL AF Isaacson, M Frean, J He, JK Seriwatana, J Innis, BL TI An outbreak of hepatitis E in northern Namibia, 1983 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID NON-B-HEPATITIS; E VIRUS HEV; TRANSMITTED NON-A; SOUTH-AFRICA; INSECT CELLS; SEROPREVALENCE; PREVALENCE; INFECTION; EPIDEMIC; ANTIBODY AB In 1983 in Namibia's Kavango region, epidemic jaundice affected hundreds of people Living in settlements lacking potable water and waste disposal facilities. Many were Angolan refugees. The disease, which after investigation was designated non-A non-B hepatitis, was most common in males (72%), in persons aged 15-39 years, and was usually mild except in pregnant women, who incurred 6 (86%) of the 7 fatal infections. Fifteen years later, archived outbreak-associated samples were analyzed. Hepatitis E virus (HEV) was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in feces from 9 of 16 patients tested. Total Ig and IgM to HEV were quantitated in serum from 24 residents of an affected settlement at the outbreak's end: 42% had IgM diagnostic of recent infection and 25% had elevated total Ig without IgM, consistent with past HEV infection. The Namibia outbreak was typical hepatitis E clinically and epidemiologically. This first report of hepatitis E confirmed by virus detection from southern Africa extends the known range of HEV and highlights its risk for refugees. C1 S African Inst Med Res, Dept Clin Microbiol & Infect Dis, ZA-2000 Johannesburg, South Africa. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Virus Dis, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Isaacson, M (reprint author), S African Inst Med Res, Dept Clin Microbiol & Infect Dis, POB 1038, ZA-2000 Johannesburg, South Africa. RI Huang, Linlu/H-3410-2011 NR 38 TC 33 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 62 IS 5 BP 619 EP 625 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 412HP UT WOS:000167549200014 PM 11289674 ER PT J AU Petras, JM Young, GD Bauman, RA Kyle, DE Gettayacamin, M Webster, HK Corcoran, KD Peggins, JO Vane, MA Brewer, TG AF Petras, JM Young, GD Bauman, RA Kyle, DE Gettayacamin, M Webster, HK Corcoran, KD Peggins, JO Vane, MA Brewer, TG TI Arteether-induced brain injury in Macaca mulatta. I. The precerebellar nuclei: the lateral reticular nuclei, paramedian reticular nuclei, and perihypoglossal nuclei SO ANATOMY AND EMBRYOLOGY LA English DT Article DE lateral reticular nuclei; paramedian reticular nuclei; perihypoglossal nuclei; malaria; arteether; artemisinin; neurotoxicity; Rhesus monkey; antimalarial drugs; cerebral malaria; Macaca mulatta; Plasmodium falciparum ID HORSERADISH-PEROXIDASE; RETROGRADE TRANSPORT; PHYSIOLOGICAL-CHARACTERISTICS; SQUIRREL-MONKEY; RHESUS MACAQUE; CAT; AFFERENTS; NEURONS; RAT; PROJECTIONS AB Malaria poses a threat across several continents: Eurasia (Asia and parts of Eastern Europe), Africa, Central and South America. Bradley (1991) estimates human exposure at 2,073,000,000 with infection rates at 270,000,000, illnesses at 110,000,000! and deaths at 1,000,000. Significant mortality rates are: attributed to infection by the parasite Plasmodium falciparum, with an estimated 90% among African children. A worldwide effort is ongoing to chemically and pharmacologically characterize a class of artemisinin compounds that might be promising antimalarial drugs. The U.S. Army is studying the efficacy and toxicity of several artemisinin semi-synthetic compounds: artemether, artemether, artelinic acid, and artesunate. The World Health Organization and the U.S. Army selected arteether for drug development and possible use in the emergency therapy of acute, severe malaria. Male Rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were administered different daily doses of arteether, or the vehicle alone (sesame oil), for a period of either 14 days, or 7 days. Neuropathological lesions were found in 14-day arteether treated monkeys in the precerebellar nuclei of the medulla oblongata, namely: (1) the lateral reticular nuclei (subnuclei magnocellarus, parvicellularis, and subtrigeminalis), (2) the paramedian reticular nuclei (subnuclei accessorius, dorsalis, and ventralis), and the perihypoglossal nuclei (n. intercalatus of Staderini, n. of Roller, and n. prepositus hypoglossi). The data demonstrate that the simian medullary precerebellar nuclei have a high degree of vulnerability when arteether is given for 14 days at dose levels between 8 mg/kg per day and 24 mg/kg per day. The neurological consequences of this treatment regimen could profoundly impair posture, gait, and autonomic regulation, while eye movement disorders might also be anticipated. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Neurosci, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Washington, DC USA. RP Petras, JM (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Neurosci, Bldg 503,Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 71 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0340-2061 J9 ANAT EMBRYOL JI Anat. Embryol. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 201 IS 5 BP 383 EP 397 DI 10.1007/s004290050326 PG 15 WC Anatomy & Morphology; Developmental Biology SC Anatomy & Morphology; Developmental Biology GA 316TZ UT WOS:000087185300006 PM 10839633 ER PT J AU Dalsgaard, A Forslund, A Serichantalergs, O Sandvang, D AF Dalsgaard, A Forslund, A Serichantalergs, O Sandvang, D TI Distribution and content of class 1 integrons in different Vibrio cholerae O-serotype strains isolated in Thailand SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID SITE-SPECIFIC RECOMBINATION; MULTIPLE-ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA; EL-TOR; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; DIHYDROFOLATE-REDUCTASE; TYPHIMURIUM DT104; GENE CASSETTES; TRIMETHOPRIM RESISTANCE; MULTIDRUG-RESISTANCE AB In this study, 176 clinical and environmental Vibrio cholerae strains of different O serotypes isolated in Thailand from 1982 to 1995 were selected and studied for the presence of class 1 integrons, a new group of genetic elements which carry antibiotic resistance genes. Using PCR and DNA sequencing, we found that 44 isolates contained class 1 integrons harboring the aadB, aadA2, blaP1, dfrA1, and dfrA15 gene cassettes, which encode resistance to gentamicin, kanamycin, and tobramycin; streptomycin and spectinomycin; beta-lactams; and trimethoprim, respectively. Each cassette array contained only a single antibiotic resistance gene. Although resistance genes in class 1 integrons were found in strains from the same epidemic, as well as in unrelated non-O1, non-O139 strains isolated from children with diarrhea, they were found to encode only some of the antibiotic resistance expressed by the strains. Serotype O139 strains did not contain class 1 integrons. However, the appearance and disappearance of the O139 serotype in the coastal city Samutsakorn in 1992 and 1993 were associated with the emergence of a distinct V. cholerae O1 strain which contained the aad-V resistance gene cassette. A 150-kb self-transmissible plasmid found in three O1 strains isolated in 1982 contained the aadB gene cassette. Surprisingly, several strains harbored two integrons containing different cassettes. Thus, class 1 integrons containing various resistance gene cassettes are distributed among different V. cholerae O serotypes of mainly clinical origin in Thailand. C1 Royal Vet & Agr Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. Danish Vet Lab, DK-1790 Copenhagen, Denmark. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. RP Dalsgaard, A (reprint author), Royal Vet & Agr Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol, 13 Bulowsvej, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. NR 55 TC 72 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 44 IS 5 BP 1315 EP 1321 DI 10.1128/AAC.44.5.1315-1321.2000 PG 7 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 306YC UT WOS:000086625400030 PM 10770768 ER PT J AU Phillips, MD Cho, BR AF Phillips, MD Cho, BR TI Modelling of optimal specification regions SO APPLIED MATHEMATICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE optimization; screening procedures; quality loss function; truncated probability distribution ID ECONOMIC DESIGN; QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS; CANNING PROBLEM; PRODUCT; INSPECTION AB Design of screening procedures for industrial processes involves a decision-making strategy so select optimal specification regions under a 100% inspection scheme. Although researchers and practitioners have proposed a multitude of screening procedures under various assumptions, they have not thoroughly considered nor accurately captured outgoing product quality. This paper presents an optimization model for selecting optimal specification regions based on minimizing total cost. A defining aspect of this paper is the use of a truncated probability distribution to model the outgoing product distribution. Consequently, this paper proposes an enhanced modelling framework for designing screening procedures. A numerical example is presented to illustrate the optimization model. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Ind Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. US Mil Acad, Dept Math Sci, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Cho, BR (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Ind Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. NR 46 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0307-904X J9 APPL MATH MODEL JI Appl. Math. Model. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 24 IS 5-6 BP 327 EP 341 DI 10.1016/S0307-904X(99)00037-2 PG 15 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 291JX UT WOS:000085731900001 ER PT J AU Swayambunathan, V Sausa, RC Singh, G AF Swayambunathan, V Sausa, RC Singh, G TI Investigations into trace detection of nitrocompounds by one- and two-color laser photofragmentation/fragment detection spectrometry SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE laser photofagmentation/fragment detection spectrometry; nitrocompounds; visible laser radiation; ultraviolet laser radiation; trace analysis; laser spectroscopy; NO; NO2; CH3NO2; TNT ID INDUCED-FLUORESCENCE; PHOTOIONIZATION SPECTROMETRY; MULTIPHOTON IONIZATION; FRAGMENT DETECTION; CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS; GAS-PHASE; NO2; 2,4,6-TRINITROTOLUENE; SPECTROSCOPY AB Trace concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), nitromethane (CH3NO2), and 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) are detected by both one- and two-color laser photofragmentation/fragment detection (PF/FD) spectrometry using one or two lasers. The PF/FD methods studied are (1) one-laser, one-color photofragmentation of the analyte molecule at 227 or 454 nm with subsequent detection of the characteristic nitric oxide (NO) photofragment by one- or two-photon laser-induced fluorescence using its A(2)Sigma(+)-(XII)-I-2 (0,0) transitions near 227 nm; (2) one-laser, two-color PF/FD, where a 355 nm laser beam is used for additional analyte photofragmentation and NO is detected by both one- and two-photon LIF as in the previous case; (3) two-laser, two-color PF/FD, where the pump and probe beams are time delayed; and (4) one-laser, one-color PF/FD at 355 nm, where the 355 nm beam photofragments the target molecule and the prompt emission from electronically excited NO (A(2)Sigma(+)) is monitored in the range of 200-300 nm. PF/FD excitation and emission spectra are recorded and also simulated with the use of a computer program based on a Boltzmann distribution analysis with transition probabilities, rotational energies, and rovibrational temperatures as input parameters. The effects of laser wavelength, laser pump energy, time delay between pump anti probe beams, and analyte concentration on PF/FD signal are investigated and reported. Limits of detection [signal-to-noise (S/N) = 3] for the nitrocompounds range from low ppb, to ppm, for 10 s integration time and laser energies of similar to 5 mJ and 100 mu J for the Dump and probe beams, respectively. These results are presented and compared to other PF/FD methods for nitrocompound monitoring. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, WM,BD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, Dept Nat Sci, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. RP Sausa, RC (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, WM,BD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 54 IS 5 BP 651 EP 658 DI 10.1366/0003702001950111 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 323RE UT WOS:000087578100006 ER PT J AU Koehler, FW Small, GW Combs, RJ Knapp, RB Kroutil, RT AF Koehler, FW Small, GW Combs, RJ Knapp, RB Kroutil, RT TI Calibration transfer in the automated detection of acetone by passive Fourier transform infrared spectrometry SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE remote sensing; calibration transfer; Fourier transform infrared; pattern recognition; digital filtering ID PIECEWISE-LINEAR DISCRIMINANTS; PATTERN-RECOGNITION ANALYSIS; INTERFEROGRAMS; OPTIMIZATION; DESIGN AB The qualitative determination of acetone is performed by passive Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometry with data spanning two spectrometers. Digital filtering and piecewise linear discriminant analysis techniques are optimized and applied directly to short interferogram segments to eliminate background and instrument variation and then perform pattern recognition. Once optimized, this methodology classifies remote sensing data into categories representing the presence or absence of the analyte in an automated fashion. The addition to the training set of small numbers of interferogram data from a second spectrometer is evaluated in the creation of qualitative models robust with respect to differences between the instruments. Results of these experiments show that classification percentages averaged across all tested interferogram segments are improved from 76.2 +/- 6.4% to 95.1 +/- 2.2% with the addition of as few as 10 background interferograms collected in the field with the secondary instrument. The results also demonstrate that a broader, more optimal range of segments in the interferogram can be utilized when these background data are added from the secondary instrument. It is also found possible to standardize the data from the secondary instrument with blackbody background interferograms collected in the laboratory. C1 Ohio Univ, Dept Biochem & Chem, Ctr Intelligent Chem Instrumentat, Athens, OH 45701 USA. USA, SBCCOM, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Small, GW (reprint author), Ohio Univ, Dept Biochem & Chem, Ctr Intelligent Chem Instrumentat, Athens, OH 45701 USA. NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 54 IS 5 BP 706 EP 714 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 323RE UT WOS:000087578100015 ER PT J AU Shih, TM McDonough, JH AF Shih, TM McDonough, JH TI Efficacy of biperiden and atropine as anticonvulsant treatment for organophosphorus nerve agent intoxication SO ARCHIVES OF TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE organophosphorus compounds; cholinesterase inhibitors; soman; sarin; tabun; GF; VX; convulsions; seizures; EEG activity; anticonvulsants; atropine; biperiden; anticholinergic compounds ID INDUCED SEIZURE ACTIVITY; INDUCED NEUROPATHOLOGY; SOMAN; DIAZEPAM; BRAIN; RATS; PYRIDOSTIGMINE; PRETREATMENT; CONVULSIONS; PROTECTION AB The ability of the nerve agents tabun, sarin, soman, GF, VR, and VX to produce brain seizures and the effectiveness of the anticholinergics biperiden HCl or atropine SO4 as an anticonvulsant treatment were studied in a guinea-pig model. All animals were implanted a week prior to the experiment with cortical electrodes for electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings. On the day of exposure, the animals were pretreated with pyridostigmine (0.026 mg/kg, i.m.) 30 min prior to challenge with a 2 x LD50 dose (s.c.) of a given agent. In separate experiments, animals were challenged with 5 x LD50 (sc) Of soman. One minute after agent challenge, the animals were treated intramuscularly (i.m.) with 2 mg/kg atropine SO4 admired with 25 mg/kg 2-PAM Cl and then observed for the onset of seizure activity. Five minutes after the start of nerve agent-induced EEG seizures, animals were treated i.m. with different doses of biperiden HCl or atropine SO4 and observed for seizure termination. The anticonvulsant ED50 Of biperiden HCl and atropine SO4 for termination of seizures induced by each nerve agent was calculated and compared. With equally toxic doses (2 x LD50) of these agents, continuous EEG seizures (status epilepticus) developed in all animals challenged with soman, tabun, or VR, and in more than 90% of the animals challenged with GF or sarin. In contrast, only 50% of the animals developed seizures when challenged with VX. The times to onset of seizures for soman, tabun, GF, and sarin were very similar (5-8 min) while for VR, it was about 10 min. In the case of VX, not only was the time to seizure development longer (20.7 min), but the seizure activity in 19% of the animals terminated spontaneously within 5 min after onset and did not return. Under these conditions, the anticonvulsant ED(50)s Of biperiden HCl for soman, GF, VR, tabun, sarin, and VX were 0.57, 0.51, 0.41, 0.2, 0.1, and 0.09 mg/kg, respectively, while those of atropine SO4 for soman, VR, tabun, GF, sarin, and VX were 12.2, 11.9, 10.4, 10.3, 5.1, and 4.1 mg/kg, respectively. In separate experiments, the anticonvulsant ED50 doses of biperiden for animals challenged with 2 or 5 x LD50 Of soman were 0.48 (95% confidence limits 0.25-0.73) or 0.57 (95% CI 0.38-0.84) mg/kg, respectively, while the anticonvulsant ED(50)s for atropine (12.2 mg/kg, i.m.) were identical under these same two challenge conditions. The present study demonstrates that all nerve agents can produce status epilepticus and that the therapeutic effectiveness of atropine and biperiden roughly paralleled the seizurogenic potential of these agents. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Shih, TM (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, 3100 Ricketts Point Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 39 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0340-5761 J9 ARCH TOXICOL JI Arch. Toxicol. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 74 IS 3 BP 165 EP 172 DI 10.1007/s002040050670 PG 8 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 322JK UT WOS:000087506300007 PM 10877003 ER PT J AU Bottoni, CR DeBerardino, TM Fester, EW Mitchell, D Penrod, BJ AF Bottoni, CR DeBerardino, TM Fester, EW Mitchell, D Penrod, BJ TI An intra-articular bioabsorbable interference screw mimicking an acute meniscal tear 8 months after an anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction SO ARTHROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction; bioabsorbable; interference screw; PLLA; complication ID TISSUE-IMPLANT INTERFACE; OSTEOSYNTHESIS IMPLANTS; FEMORAL OSTEOTOMIES; INTERNAL-FIXATION; RABBIT FEMUR; BONE; STRENGTH; TUNNEL AB Seven months after a quadrupled semitendinosus anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, a 44-year-old active-duty soldier reported symptoms consistent with a medial meniscus tear. Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging showed an intra-articular bioabsorbable interference screw within his intercondylar notch. The screw was retrieved arthroscopically. The graft was intact and functional except for a small portion of the anterior fibers, which were debrided. The patient returned to full activities without complaints. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Orthopaed Surg Serv, Sports Med Sect, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP DeBerardino, TM (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Orthopaed Surg Serv, Sports Med Sect, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr,Bldg 3600, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. OI DeBerardino, Thomas/0000-0002-7110-8743 NR 13 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0749-8063 J9 ARTHROSCOPY JI Arthroscopy PD MAY-JUN PY 2000 VL 16 IS 4 BP 395 EP 398 DI 10.1016/S0749-8063(00)90085-9 PG 4 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 310LG UT WOS:000086829200012 PM 10802478 ER PT J AU Stabile, JR Mason, KT Boneta, OFW AF Stabile, JR Mason, KT Boneta, OFW TI Hereditary hemochromatosis among US Army aviators SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE hemochromatosis; US Army; aviation ID MANAGEMENT; PREVALENCE AB From 1988 to 1995, there were five reported cases of hemochromatosis among U.S. Army aviators. Three of the five are presented and discussed. The cases of hereditary hemochromatosis were discovered during unrelated work-ups or from investigation of a positive family history, and not by routine flying duty medical examinations. Recent studies show a prevalence of 5 per 1000 in the general population. This study shows the incidence among Army aviators is 0.296 per 1,000 aviator-years of observation. It is possible that there are cases presently undiagnosed in the Army aviation community. Without screening measures in place, the Army Aviation Branch has greater difficulty diagnosing and treating hereditary hemochromatosis. Heightened awareness and a high clinical index of suspicion are necessary to identity affected patients. Early detection and treatment is essential to prevent long-term end organ damage from iron deposition. C1 1st Battalion 3rd Special Forces Grp Airborne Ft, Ft Bragg, NC USA. USA, Sch Aviat Med, Ft Rucker, AL USA. RP Stabile, JR (reprint author), 1st Battalion 3rd Special Forces Grp Airborne Ft, 330-11 Bubblecreek Ct, Fayetteville, NC 28311 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 71 IS 5 BP 543 EP 544 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 308WK UT WOS:000086735700013 PM 10801010 ER PT J AU Pakhomov, AG Mathur, SP Doyle, J Stuck, BE Kiel, JL Murphy, MR AF Pakhomov, AG Mathur, SP Doyle, J Stuck, BE Kiel, JL Murphy, MR TI Comparative effects of extremely high power microwave pulses and a brief CW irradiation on pacemaker function in isolated frog heart slices SO BIOELECTROMAGNETICS LA English DT Article DE high power microwave pulses; specific effects; frog heart rhythm; beating rate ID INDUCED CATARACT; RATS; INVITRO AB The existence of specific bioeffects due to high peak power microwaves and their potential health hazards are among the most debated but least explored problems in microwave biology. The present study attempted to reveal such effects by comparing the bioeffects of short trains of extremely high power microwave pulses (EHPP, 1 mu s width, 250-350 kW/g, 9.2 GHz) with those of relatively low power pulses (LPP, 0.5-10 s width, 3-30 W/g, 9.2 GHz). EHPP train duration and average power were made equal to those of an LPP; therefore both exposure modalities produced the same temperature rise. Bioeffects were studied in isolated, spontaneously bearing slices of the frog heart. In most cases, a single EHPP train or LPP immediately decreased the inter-beat interval (IBI). The effect was proportional to microwave heating, fully reversible, and easily reproducible. The magnitude and time course of EHPP- acid LPP-induced changes always were the same. No delayed or irreversible effects of irradiation were observed. The same effect could be repeated in a single preparation numerous times with no signs of adaptation, sensitization, lasting functional alteration, or damage. A qualitatively different effect, namely, a temporary arrest of preparation beats, could be observed when microwave heating exceeded physiologically tolerable limits. This effect also did not depend on whether the critical temperature rise was produced by LPP or EHPP exposure. Within the studied limits, we found no indications of EHPP-specific bioeffects. EHPP- and LPP-induced changes in the pacemaker rhythm of isolated frog heart preparation were identical and could be entirely attributed to microwave heating. (C) 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 McKesson BioServ, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. USA, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, San Antonio, TX USA. USAF, Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Directed Energy Bioeffects Div, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Pakhomov, AG (reprint author), McKesson BioServ, 8308 Hawks Rd,Bldg 1168, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 21 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0197-8462 J9 BIOELECTROMAGNETICS JI Bioelectromagnetics PD MAY PY 2000 VL 21 IS 4 BP 245 EP 254 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1521-186X(200005)21:4<245::AID-BEM1>3.0.CO;2-8 PG 10 WC Biology; Biophysics SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics GA 309LG UT WOS:000086768900001 PM 10797453 ER PT J AU Mekonnen, B Weiss, E Katz, E Ma, JY Ziffer, H Kyle, DE AF Mekonnen, B Weiss, E Katz, E Ma, JY Ziffer, H Kyle, DE TI Synthesis and antimalarial activities of base-catalyzed adducts of 11-azaartemisinin SO BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID N-SUBSTITUTED 11-AZAARTEMISININS; ARTEMISININ; DERIVATIVES AB A series of N-substituted 11-azaartemisinins were prepared in high yield employing base-catalyzed additions to an amide nitrogen of olefins and terminal acetylenes conjugated with electron withdrawing groups (EWGs). When the terminal acetylene was conjugated with carbomethoxy, N,N-dimethyl amide or carbonyl groups, the E-adducts resulted. A mixture of E- and Z-adducts were obtained when the EWG was a nitrile. In vitro antimalarial activities of each compound were determined against two drug-resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum. Many of the compounds prepared were several times more active than artemisinin. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NIDDK, Chem Phys Lab, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIMH, Lab Neurotoxicol, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIDDK, Bioorgan Chem Lab, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Parasitol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Ziffer, H (reprint author), NIDDK, Chem Phys Lab, Room B1-31,Bldg 5, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 14 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0968-0896 J9 BIOORGAN MED CHEM JI Bioorg. Med. Chem. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 8 IS 5 BP 1111 EP 1116 DI 10.1016/S0968-0896(00)00049-3 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 323DF UT WOS:000087549000024 PM 10882021 ER PT J AU Trevino, G Andreas, EL AF Trevino, G Andreas, EL TI Averaging intervals for spectral analysis of nonstationary turbulence SO BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE turbulence spectrum; nonstationarity; real-time; averaging windows; intermittency ID STATISTICS; FLUXES; LAYER AB We formulate a method for determining the smallest time interval Delta T over which a turbulence time series can be averaged to decompose it into instantaneous mean and random components. From the random part the method defines the optimal interval (or averaging window) AW over which this part should be averaged to obtain the instantaneous spectrum. Both Delta T and AW vary randomly with time and depend on physical properties of the turbulence. Delta T also depends on the accuracy of the measurements and is thus independent of AW. Interesting features of the method are its real-time capability and the non-equality between AW and Delta T. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. CHIRES Inc, San Antonio, TX 78220 USA. RP Trevino, G (reprint author), CHIRES Inc, POB 201481, San Antonio, TX 78220 USA. NR 22 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8314 J9 BOUND-LAY METEOROL JI Bound.-Layer Meteor. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 95 IS 2 BP 231 EP 247 DI 10.1023/A:1002632004254 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 312NU UT WOS:000086950000004 ER PT J AU Crawford, ED Batuello, JT Snow, P Gamito, EJ McLeod, DG Partin, AW Stone, N Montie, J Stock, R Lynch, J Brandt, J AF Crawford, ED Batuello, JT Snow, P Gamito, EJ McLeod, DG Partin, AW Stone, N Montie, J Stock, R Lynch, J Brandt, J TI The use of artificial intelligence technology to predict lymph node spread in men with clinically localized prostate carcinoma SO CANCER LA English DT Article DE prostate carcinoma; artificial intelligence; decision tree; lymphadenectomy; metastases ID PELVIC LYMPHADENECTOMY; GLEASON SCORE; PATHOLOGICAL STAGE; CANCER; ANTIGEN; METASTASES AB BACKGROUND. The current study assesses artificial intelligence methods to identify prostate carcinoma patients at low risk for lymph node spread. If patients can be assigned accurately to a low risk group, unnecessary lymph node dissections can be avoided, thereby reducing morbidity and costs. METHODS. A rule-derivation technology for simple decision-tree analysis was trained and validated using patient data from a large database (4133 patients) to derive low risk cutoff, values for Gleason sum and prostate specific antigen (PSA) level. An empiric analysis was used to derive a low risk cutoff value for clinical TNM stage. These cutoff Values then were applied to 2 additional, smaller databases (227 and 330 patients, respectively) from separate institutions. RESULTS. The decision-tree protocol derived cutoff values of less than or equal to 6 for Gleason sum and less than or equal to 10.6 ng/mL for PSA. The empiric analysis yielded a clinical TNM stage low risk cutoff value of less than or equal to T2a. When these cutoff values were applied to the larger database, 44% of patients were classified as being at low risk for lymph node metastases (0.8% false-negative rate). When the same cutoff values were applied to the smaller databases, between II and 43% of patients were classified as low risk with a false-negative rate of between 0.0 and 0.7%. CONCLUSIONS, The results of the current study indicate that a population of prostate carcinoma patients at low risk for lymph node metastases can be identified accurately using a simple decision algorithm that considers preoperative PSA, Gleason sum, and clinical TNM stage. The risk of lymph node metastases in these patients is less than or equal to 1%; therefore, pelvic lymph node dissection may be avoided safely. The implications of these findings in surgical and nonsurgical treatment are significant. (C) 2000 American Cancer Society. C1 Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sect Urol Oncol, Denver, CO 80262 USA. ANNs CaP Project, Denver, CO USA. Xaim Int, Colorado Springs, CO USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Urol Clin, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. Mt Sinai Sch Med, New York, NY USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Mt Sinai Med Ctr, Dept Radiat Oncol, New York, NY 10029 USA. Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Washington, DC 20007 USA. RP Crawford, ED (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sect Urol Oncol, 4200 East 9th Ave,Box C-324, Denver, CO 80262 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA-58236] NR 13 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD MAY 1 PY 2000 VL 88 IS 9 BP 2105 EP 2109 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(20000501)88:9<2105::AID-CNCR16>3.0.CO;2-3 PG 5 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 306HX UT WOS:000086592200016 PM 10813722 ER PT J AU Callahan, CW AF Callahan, CW TI Wet nebulization in acute asthma - The last refrain? SO CHEST LA English DT Editorial Material ID METERED-DOSE INHALER; JET NEBULIZER; RANDOMIZED TRIAL; PRETERM INFANTS; HOLDING CHAMBER; SPACER; CHILDREN; DELIVERY; SALBUTAMOL; EMERGENCY C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Pediat & Pediat Pulmonol, Dept Pediat MCHKPE, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Callahan, CW (reprint author), 1 Jarrett White Rd, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 USA SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD MAY PY 2000 VL 117 IS 5 BP 1226 EP 1228 DI 10.1378/chest.117.5.1226 PG 3 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 315DL UT WOS:000087097300005 PM 10807803 ER PT J AU Watt, G Chanbancherd, P Brown, AE AF Watt, G Chanbancherd, P Brown, AE TI Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 test results in patients with malaria and dengue infections SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; ANTIBODIES AB Six rapid enzyme immunoassays for the detection of HIV antibody were performed on paired sera from 66 patients with malaria and 9 patients with dengue. Kit specificities ranged from 77% to 100%, demonstrating that more data are needed on cross-reactivity with endemic diseases as the use of rapid HIV tests increases. C1 Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Retrovirol Dept, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Royal Thai Army Inst Pathol, Bangkok, Thailand. RP Watt, G (reprint author), Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Retrovirol Dept, HIV Interact Sect, APO, AP 96546 USA. NR 5 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 30 IS 5 BP 819 EP 819 DI 10.1086/313777 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 323GN UT WOS:000087557900017 PM 10816152 ER PT J AU Reckling, FW McAllister, CK AF Reckling, FW McAllister, CK TI The career and orthopaedic injuries of Joshua L. Chamberlain The hero of little roundtop SO CLINICAL ORTHOPAEDICS AND RELATED RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB Joshua L, Chamberlain, a professor of religion and oratory at Bowdoin College, Brunswick, Maine was commissioned Lieutenant Colonel of the 20th Maine Volunteer Regiment in August 1862, He commanded the 20th Maine Volunteer Regiment in the historic defense of Little Roundtop against overwhelming odds and circumstances during the pivotal battle of Gettysburg. In June 1864 while leading a charge at the battle of Petersburg, he sustained what was thought to be a mortal wound when he was struck by a minie hall that entered just below and anterior to his right greater trochanter, injuring vessels, the urinary bladder and urethra, and fracturing his pelvis. Surgery was done in the field hospital, and after 5 months of recuperation, Chamberlain returned to lead his troops in combat. After the war he was elected Governor of Maine for four terms and subsequently served as President of his alma mater, Bowdoin College, for 12 years. Despite the fact that he had chronic fewer abdominal pain, wound drainage, and a persistent urethral fistula, he lived a very productive life for 50 years after he was wounded at Petersburg. Included in the current paper are commentaries on the state of the art of surgery during the Civil War. C1 Univ Kansas, Med Sch & Hosp, Kansas City, KS 66103 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Reckling, FW (reprint author), 3261 Nelson Lane, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-921X J9 CLIN ORTHOP RELAT R JI Clin. Orthop. Rel. Res. PD MAY PY 2000 IS 374 BP 107 EP 114 PG 8 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 311BM UT WOS:000086864600010 PM 10818971 ER PT J AU Wesche, DL Schuster, BG Wang, WX Woosley, RL AF Wesche, DL Schuster, BG Wang, WX Woosley, RL TI Mechanism of cardiotoxicity of halofantrine SO CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Article ID TORSADES-DE-POINTES; QT INTERVAL; FALCIPARUM-MALARIA; ACTIVITY INVITRO; PHARMACOKINETICS; ENANTIOMERS; FOOD AB Objectives and Methods: To further evaluate the scope and mechanism of potential cardiotoxicity associated with the antimalarial drug halofantrine, case reports submitted to the US Food and Drug Administration Spontaneous Reporting System were examined, Because halofantrine was associated with electrocardiographic prolongation of the QT interval and ventricular arrhythmias, in vitro cardiac electrophysiologic studies (isolated perfused cardiac model and isolated ventricular myocytes) were conducted to test the hypothesis that halofantrine or its metabolite is responsible for cardiotoxicity, Results: Although it is difficult to ascertain causality and to estimate overall incidence, a significant number of adverse events related to the cardiovascular system were reported, including QT interval prolongation, life-threatening arrhythmias, and sudden death. The effect of halofantrine and its active metabolite (N-desbutylhalofantrine) on repolarization were examined in an isolated perfused heart model. Results indicate that halofantrine was able to prolong the QT interval, whereas N-desbutylhalofantrine had minimal effect on the QT interval relative to baseline. In an attempt to further elucidate the mechanism of QT interval prolongation, the effects of racemic halofantrine, its stereoisomers, and N-desbutylhalofantrine on repolarizing currents in isolated ventricular myocytes were studied with use of patch-clamp techniques. Halofantrine produced a stereoselective block of the delayed rectifier potassium channel in isolated feline myocytes, Conclusions: These results indicate that halofantrine is similar to quinidine and class III antiarrhythmics in its ability to prolong repolarization. We conclude that high plasma concentrations of halofantrine should be avoided, especially in women, and that N-desbutylhalofantrine may have potential as a safer antimalarial drug. C1 Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pharmacol, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Woosley, RL (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pharmacol, 3900 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington, DC 20007 USA. NR 27 TC 57 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0009-9236 J9 CLIN PHARMACOL THER JI Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 67 IS 5 BP 521 EP 529 DI 10.1067/mcp.2000.106127 PG 9 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 315MD UT WOS:000087116800010 PM 10824631 ER PT J AU Convertino, VA Sather, TM AF Convertino, VA Sather, TM TI Vasoactive neuroendocrine responses associated with tolerance to lower body negative pressure in humans SO CLINICAL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE blood pressure regulation; noradrenaline; orthostatic tolerance; peripheral vascular resistance; renin-angiotensin system; vasoconstriction; vasopressin ID ORTHOSTATIC INTOLERANCE; ARGININE VASOPRESSIN; CONSCIOUS DOGS; RELEASE; RENIN; ARTERIAL; NOREPINEPHRINE; SPACEFLIGHT; SECRETION; REFLEXES AB The purpose of this investigation was to test the hypothesis that peripheral vasoconstriction and orthostatic tolerance are associated with increased circulating plasma concentrations of noradrenaline, vasopressin and renin-angiotensin. Sixteen men were categorized as having high (HT, n=9) or low (LT, n=7) tolerance to lower body negative pressure (LBNP) based on whether the endpoint of their pre-syncopal-limited LBNP (peak LBNP) exposure exceeded -60 mmHg. The two groups were matched for age, height, weight, leg volume, blood volume and maximal oxygen uptake, as well as baseline blood volume and plasma concentrations of vasoactive hormones. Peak LBNP induced similar reductions in mean arterial pressure in both groups. The reduction in legarterial pulse volume (measured by impedance rheography), an index of peripheral vascular constriction, from baseline to peak LBNP was greater (P < 0.05) in the HT group (-0.041 +/- 0.005 ml 100 ml(-1)) compared to the reduction in the LT group (-0.025 +/- 0.003 ml 100 ml(-1)). Greater peak LBNP in the HT group was associated with higher (P < 0.05) average elevations in plasma concentrations of vasopressin (pVP, Delta=+7.2 +/- 2.0 pg ml(-1)) and plasma renin-angiotensin (PRA, Delta=+2.9 +/- 1.3 ng Ang II ml(-1) h(-1)) compared to average elevations of pVP (+2.2 +/- 1.0 pg ml(-1)) and PRA (+0.1 +/- 0.1 ng Ang II ml(-1) h(-1)) in the LT group. Plasma noradrenaline concentrations were increased (P < 0.05) from baseline to peak LBNP in both HT and LT groups, with no statistically distinguishable difference between groups. These data suggest that the renin-angiotensin and vasopressin systems may contribute to sustaining arterial pressure and orthostatic tolerance by their vasoconstrictive actions. C1 USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Beverly Rehabil, Santa Rosa, CA 95404 USA. RP Convertino, VA (reprint author), USA, Inst Surg Res, 3400 Rawley E Chambers Ave,Bldg 3611, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 42 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-5979 J9 CLIN PHYSIOL JI Clin. Physiol. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 20 IS 3 BP 177 EP 184 PG 8 WC Physiology SC Physiology GA 314CQ UT WOS:000087037400002 PM 10792410 ER PT J AU Schihl, P Atreya, A Bryzik, W AF Schihl, P Atreya, A Bryzik, W TI Development of a shear layer ignition model for application to direct-injection diesel engines SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article ID LARGE ACTIVATION-ENERGIES; FINITE-RATE CHEMISTRY; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; DIFFUSION FLAMES; MIXING LAYER; AUTOIGNITION; STRAIN; FLOWS AB A transient, one-dimensional spray shear layer ignition model has been formulated to provide a methodology for predicting the autoignition period in direct-injection, quiescent chamber diesel engines. This approach focuses on including the influence of key injection and thermodynamic parameters that affect this key diesel combustion phenomenon. In particular, these important parameters include injection rare, mean spray angle, bulk in-cylinder instantaneous temperature and pressure, and residual gas fraction from a thermodynamic point-of-view. The proposed shear layer model agreed fairly well with experimental autoignition data derived from indirectly measured engine bulk fuel burning rate profiles even though ignition is modeled only according to a one-step Arrhenius-type reaction that accounts for both local shear layer equivalence ratio and temperature. In particular, the proposed model exhibited improved predictive capability in comparison to published zero-dimensional diesel engine autoignition correlations that are typically employed in bulk parameter, diesel engine performance simulation models. (C) 2000 by The Combustion Institute. C1 USA, Tank Automot & Armaments Command, Prop Lab, AMSTATRR, Warren, MI 48397 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Mech Engn & Appl Mech, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Schihl, P (reprint author), USA, Tank Automot & Armaments Command, Prop Lab, AMSTATRR, MS 121, Warren, MI 48397 USA. NR 52 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD MAY PY 2000 VL 121 IS 3 BP 453 EP 470 DI 10.1016/S0010-2180(99)00158-3 PG 18 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 296XD UT WOS:000086051300005 ER PT J AU Wallace, CSA Watts, JM Yool, SR AF Wallace, CSA Watts, JM Yool, SR TI Characterizing the spatial structure of vegetation communities in the Mojave Desert using geostatistical techniques SO COMPUTERS & GEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of the Royal-Geographical-Society/Institute-of-British-Geographers CY JAN, 1997 CL UNIV EXETER, EXETER, ENGLAND SP Royal Geog Soc, Inst British Geographers, Univ Exeter HO UNIV EXETER DE geostatistics; vegetation classification; remote sensing ID DESERTIFICATION; VARIOGRAMS; IMAGES AB Geostatistical techniques are used to evaluate spatial characteristics of vegetation communities mapped within a portion of the Mojave Desert, California. Spatial structures of different vegetation communities were characterized using nugget, range and sill parameters of spherical model variograms. Model variograms reveal different vegetation communities have distinctive spatial properties that are quantified effectively by the parameters of these models. Model variograms were fit to experimental variograms calculated from plant width values of ground based vegetation data collected for 96 1000 x 2 m transects. The maximum model variogram range for all communities was 39 m, suggesting transects must be at least this long to classify them unambiguously into the communities currently recognized. Experimental variograms were calculated for all plants in each of eight mapped vegetation communities. The Bush Seepweed Series has a distinctively long range, for example, and the Creosote Bush Series has a distinctively high nugget and sill. These findings support use of high-resolution remote sensors and geostatistics for determining vegetation community structure. Spatial pattern information produced by these methods could improve broad scale vegetation classifications produced by low-resolution remote sensing systems. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Geog & Reg Dev, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. USA, Topog Engn Ctr, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. RP Yool, SR (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Geog & Reg Dev, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. NR 23 TC 32 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-3004 J9 COMPUT GEOSCI JI Comput. Geosci. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 26 IS 4 BP 397 EP 410 DI 10.1016/S0098-3004(99)00120-X PG 14 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA 302CF UT WOS:000086346800005 ER PT J AU Reynolds, HN Teiken, P Regan, ME Habashi, NM Cottingham, C McCunn, M Scalea, TM AF Reynolds, HN Teiken, P Regan, ME Habashi, NM Cottingham, C McCunn, M Scalea, TM TI Hyperlactatemia, increased osmolar gap, and renal dysfunction during continuous lorazepam infusion SO CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE lactate; lactic acidemia; hyperlactatemia; osmolality; hyperosmolarity; osmolar gap; sedation; lorazepam; renal dysfunction ID PROPYLENE-GLYCOL; ETOMIDATE INFUSION; POSSIBLE TOXICITY; LACTIC-ACIDOSIS AB Objective: To review effects of the vehicle of lorazepam, propylene glycol, in regard to lactate, osmolarity, and renal dysfunction. Design: Case report. Setting: Intensive care unit of a Level I trauma center. Patient A 36-yr-old Hispanic man who developed severe respiratory failure and required high-dose lorazepam for sedation. The patient was ventilated with low tidal volumes in a lung-protective fashion, with resultant "permissive hypercapnia." Lactates and osmolalities rose on initiation and foil, as expected, on discontinuation of the lorazepam infusion. However, there was no renal compensation for the hypercapnia except while the patient was not receiving lorazepam. Measurements and Main Result: Serial osmolalities, lactates, serum bicarbonate, Paco(2), and pH were measured during lorazepam infusion. Rise and fall of serum lactate and osmolality closely correlated with lorazepam. Serum bicarbonate rose significantly while the patient was not receiving lorazepam in response to hypercarbia and failed to rise while the patient was receiving lorazepam. Conclusion: The vehicle of lorazepam, propylene glycol, can cause hyperlactatemia and elevated osmolar gaps. However, propylene glycol may also interfere with renal tubular function and may blunt renal compensation for respiratory acidosis. C1 Univ Maryland, R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Reynolds, HN (reprint author), Univ Maryland, R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. NR 14 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0090-3493 J9 CRIT CARE MED JI Crit. Care Med. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 28 IS 5 BP 1631 EP 1634 DI 10.1097/00003246-200005000-00063 PG 4 WC Critical Care Medicine SC General & Internal Medicine GA 316LE UT WOS:000087167800063 PM 10834725 ER PT J AU Elston, DM Stockwell, S AF Elston, DM Stockwell, S TI What's eating you? Bedbugs SO CUTIS LA English DT Article ID HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; CIMEX-LECTULARIUS L; SOUTH-AFRICA; TRANSMISSION; HEMIPTERUS C1 USA, Med Dept Ctr & Sch, Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol,MCHE,DD, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. USA, Med Dept Ctr & Sch, Med Zool Branch, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Elston, DM (reprint author), USA, Med Dept Ctr & Sch, Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol,MCHE,DD, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 16 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 245 WEST 17TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0011-4162 J9 CUTIS JI Cutis PD MAY PY 2000 VL 65 IS 5 BP 262 EP 264 PG 3 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 314WN UT WOS:000087080700002 PM 10826083 ER PT J AU Sethabutr, O Venkatesan, M Yam, S Pang, LW Smoak, BL Sang, WK Echeverria, P Taylor, DN Isenbarger, DW AF Sethabutr, O Venkatesan, M Yam, S Pang, LW Smoak, BL Sang, WK Echeverria, P Taylor, DN Isenbarger, DW TI Detection of PCR products of the ipaH gene from Shigella and enteroinvasive Escherichia coli by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay SO DIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE LA English DT Article DE Shigella; EIEC; ipaH; PCR; ELISA; diagnosis ID DNA HYBRIDIZATION; DYSENTERY; PLASMID; INFECTIONS; AMPLIFICATION; CHILDREN; SEQUENCE; FLEXNERI; PROBES; FECES AB PCR techniques applied to diarrheal stools reliably diagnose Shigella and enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC) infections. Identification of PCR products using agarose gel electrophoresis (AGE) and hybridization with DNA probes has several shortcomings. Automated methods of identifying PCR products that process larger numbers of specimens can facilitate epidemiologic studies and standardize results. In this study, we used ELISA following PCR to detect ipaH gene sequences of Shigella and EIEC from 89 diarrheal stools. Results of ELISA were compared with AGE with and without DNA probe, and with culture. Two specimen preparation methods were compared as well: boiling/centrifugation, and purification with silicon dioxide (SiO2). Both PCR product-detection methods identified significantly more infections than did culture. PCR-ELISA detected significantly more infections than PCR-AGE when processed using SiO2 (P = 0.014). PCR-ELISA allows screening of larger numbers of specimens, automates test results, and avoids use of mutagenic reagents. PCR-ELISA is faster than PCR-AGE when testing large numbers of specimens, although not when testing small numbers of specimens. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Enter Infect, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Enter Dis, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. USA, Med Res Unit, Nairobi, Kenya. Kenya Med Res Inst, Ctr Microbiol Res, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Isenbarger, DW (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Enter Infect, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 20 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0732-8893 J9 DIAGN MICR INFEC DIS JI Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 37 IS 1 BP 11 EP 16 DI 10.1016/S0732-8893(00)00122-X PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 348UV UT WOS:000089005600003 PM 10794934 ER PT J AU Foster, DL Wolfenstine, J Read, JR Behl, WK AF Foster, DL Wolfenstine, J Read, JR Behl, WK TI Nanocomposites of Sn and Li2O formed from the chemical reduction of SnO as negative electrode material for lithium-ion batteries SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OXIDE AB A nanocomposite of lithium oxide and tin was prepared by reducing SnO with Li3N through a powder milling process. The tin particles were found to be uniformly distributed within a lithium oxide matrix with the majority of tin particles on the order of 100 nm or less. The nanocomposite was evaluated as an electrode material. Most of the irreversible capacity on the first cycle associated with SnO electrodes was eliminated. (C) 2000 The Electrochemical Society. S1099-0062(99)12-026-1. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Foster, DL (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 11 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 3 IS 5 BP 203 EP 204 PG 2 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 302TE UT WOS:000086381100001 ER PT J AU Knapik, JJ Harper, W Crowell, HP Leiter, K Mull, B AF Knapik, JJ Harper, W Crowell, HP Leiter, K Mull, B TI Standard and alternative methods of stretcher carriage: performance, human factors, and cardiorespiratory responses SO ERGONOMICS LA English DT Article DE energy cost; heart rate; RPE; muscle contraction; fatigue; maximum voluntary contraction ID POST-CARRY PERFORMANCE; ANAEROBIC THRESHOLD; SHOULDER HARNESS; FUTURE-RESEARCH; TEAM SIZE; FATIGUE; DIRECTIONS; EXERCISE; GENDER; TASK AB Transporting a casualty on a stretcher is a common task for medical and military personnel. Stretchers are usually carried by hand, but distributing the load to other parts of the body may have advantages. To examine alternative carriage methods, ii soldiers walked on a treadmill at 4.8 km/h while performing two-person carries of a stretcher containing an 80-kg manikin. In separate trials, soldiers carried the stretcher using: (1) hand carriage, (2) shoulder straps, (3) a specially designed harness that allowed load shifting between the hips and shoulders (hip-shoulder system), and (4) a clip that fitted on the belt of standard military load carrying equipment (LCE) and placed the stretcher mass mainly on the hips. With each system, subjects walked until volitional fatigue or 30 min. While walking, expired gases and heart rates were obtained and subjects rated their perceived exertion (Borg Scale). At the conclusion of all four trials, subjects rated each system on a number of subjective measures. Results showed that average (+/- SD) carriage times were 2.7 +/- 1.4, 14.5 +/- 8.3, 25.4+/-8.1, and 21.7+/-9.9 mill with the hand, shoulder, hip-shoulder and LCE systems respectively (p<0.01). Hand carriage resulted in considerably more cardiorespiratory stress (higher heart rate and minute ventilation, p<0.05) than the other three systems, but there were few consistent differences among the other three systems. Perceived exertion in the upper body was less with the hip - shoulder and LCE systems than with the other two systems (p<0.05). Subjects preferred the hip-shoulder and LCE systems overall and for specific subjective characteristics such as comfort, ease of use and stability (p<0.01). These data indicate that moving the stretcher load from the hands and placing that load on the shoulders and/or hips results in improved performance, reduced cardiorespiratory stress and favourable subjective evaluations. Further developmental work should focus on the hip-shoulder and LCE systems. C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Directorate Epidem & Dis Surveillance, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. USA, Res Lab, Human Res & Engn Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Knapik, JJ (reprint author), USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Directorate Epidem & Dis Surveillance, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 28 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND SN 0014-0139 J9 ERGONOMICS JI Ergonomics PD MAY PY 2000 VL 43 IS 5 BP 639 EP 652 DI 10.1080/001401300184305 PG 14 WC Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Engineering; Psychology GA 320TE UT WOS:000087415800006 PM 10877481 ER PT J AU Livingston, RJ Lewis, FG Woodsum, GC Niu, XF Galperin, B Huang, W Christensen, JD Monaco, ME Battista, TA Klein, CJ Howell, RL Ray, GL AF Livingston, RJ Lewis, FG Woodsum, GC Niu, XF Galperin, B Huang, W Christensen, JD Monaco, ME Battista, TA Klein, CJ Howell, RL Ray, GL TI Modelling oyster population response to variation in freshwater input SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE oyster fisheries; statistical models; estuarine circulation; river flow; predation; mortality rates; growth rates; Gulf of Mexico ID HUDSON-RARITAN ESTUARY; PERKINSUS-MARINUS; 3-DIMENSIONAL SIMULATION; CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; APALACHICOLA BAY; EASTERN OYSTERS; DELAWARE BAY; RIVER SYSTEM; FLORIDA; WATER AB This paper describes the linkage of a three-dimensional hydrodynamic circulation model with descriptive and experimental biological data concerning oyster (Crassostrea virginica) population dynamics in the Apalachicola Estuary (Florida, U.S.A.). Our intent was to determine the direct and indirect role of Apalachicola River flow in the maintenance of oyster production. Results of a monthly field sampling programme conducted on the oyster reefs in the Apalachicola system during 1985-1986 were used to develop statistical models relating several life-history characteristics of oysters to physical-chemical aspects of water quality. The same life-history characteristics were related statistically to output from a circulation model of Apalachicola Bay. Highest oyster densities and overall bar growth were found in the vicinity of the confluence of high salinity water moving westwards from St George Sound and river-dominated (low salinity) water moving south and eastwards from East Bay. With the exception of models for oyster mortality, the predictive capability of results from the parallel modelling efforts was low. A time-averaged model was developed for oyster mortality during the summer of 1985 by running a regression analysis with averaged predictors derived from the hydrodynamic model and observed (experimental) mortality rates throughout the estuary. A geographic information system was then used to depict the results spatially and to compare the extent of expected mortality in 1985 and 1986. High salinity, relatively low-velocity current patterns, and the proximity of a given oyster bar to entry points of saline Gulf water into the bay were important factors that contribute to increased oyster mortality. Mortality was a major determinant of oyster production in the Apalachicola Estuary with predation as a significant aspect of such mortality. By influencing salinity levels and current patterns throughout the bay, the Apalachicola River was important in controlling such mortality. Oyster production rates in the Apalachicola system depend on a combination of variables that are directly and indirectly associated with freshwater input as modified by wind, tidal factors, and the physiography of the bay. River flow reduction, whether through naturally occurring droughts, through increased upstream anthropogenous (consumptive) water use, or a combination of the two, could have serious adverse consequences for oyster populations. By coupling hydrodynamic modelling with descriptive and experimental biological data, we were able to determine the effects of potential freshwater diversions on oyster production in Apalachicola Bay. (C) 2000 Academic Press. C1 Florida State Univ, Ctr Aquat Res & Resource Management, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. NW Florida Water Management Dist, Havana, FL 32333 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Stat, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Univ S Florida, Dept Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. Florida A&M Univ, Coll Engn, Tallahassee, FL 32311 USA. NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal Ecol Branch, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Livingston, RJ (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Ctr Aquat Res & Resource Management, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. NR 58 TC 65 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 26 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 50 IS 5 BP 655 EP 672 DI 10.1006/ecss.1999.0597 PG 18 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 323LE UT WOS:000087566200006 ER PT J AU Charlab, R Rowton, ED Ribeiro, JMC AF Charlab, R Rowton, ED Ribeiro, JMC TI The salivary adenosine deaminase from the sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis SO EXPERIMENTAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Lutzomyia longipalpis; Phlebotomine sand flies; blood-feeding insects; salivary glands; adenosine deaminase (EC 3.5.4.4); adenosine; inosine ID PURIFICATION; EXPRESSION; IDENTIFICATION; VASODILATORS; ARTHROPODS; RECEPTORS; MAXADILAN; BINDING; CLONING; PEPTIDE AB In the process of sequencing a subtracted cDNA library from the salivary glands of the sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis, we identified a cDNA with similarities to gene products of the adenosine deaminase family. Prompted by this cDNA finding, we detected adenosine deaminase activity at levels of 1 U/mg protein in salivary gland homogenates. The activity was significantly reduced following a blood meal indicating its apparent secretory fate. The native enzyme has a K-m of similar to 10 mu M, an isoelectric pH between 4.5 and 5.5, and an apparent molecular weight of 52 kDa by size exclusion chromatography. The possible role of this enzyme, which converts adenosine to inosine, in the feeding physiology of L. longipalpis is discussed. C1 NIAID, Parasit Dis Lab, Sect Med Entomol, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Charlab, R (reprint author), NIAID, Parasit Dis Lab, Sect Med Entomol, NIH, Bldg 4,Room 126,4 Ctr Dr,MSC 0425, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RI Rowton, Edgar/A-4474-2012; Rowton, Edgar/A-1975-2011; OI Rowton, Edgar/0000-0002-1979-1485; Ribeiro, Jose/0000-0002-9107-0818 NR 35 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0014-4894 J9 EXP PARASITOL JI Exp. Parasitol. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 95 IS 1 BP 45 EP 53 DI 10.1006/expr.2000.4503 PG 9 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 327XA UT WOS:000087818700006 PM 10864517 ER PT J AU Fried, M Lauder, RM Duffy, PE AF Fried, M Lauder, RM Duffy, PE TI Plasmodium falciparum: Adhesion of placental isolates modulated by the sulfation characteristics of the glycosaminoglycan receptor SO EXPERIMENTAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHONDROITIN SULFATE; MALARIA; SEQUESTRATION; DESULFATION C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Immunol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Univ Lancaster, Inst Environm & Nat Sci, Dept Biol Sci, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, England. RP Fried, M (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Immunol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI43680] NR 14 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0014-4894 J9 EXP PARASITOL JI Exp. Parasitol. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 95 IS 1 BP 75 EP 78 DI 10.1006/expr.2000.4510 PG 4 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 327XA UT WOS:000087818700010 PM 10864521 ER PT J AU Cardello, AV Schutz, H Snow, C Lesher, L AF Cardello, AV Schutz, H Snow, C Lesher, L TI Predictors of food acceptance, consumption and satisfaction in specific eating situations SO FOOD QUALITY AND PREFERENCE LA English DT Article DE acceptance; consumption; satisfaction ID SOCIAL FACILITATION; HUMANS; MEAL; APPROPRIATENESS; RATINGS; LIKING; DURATION; PEOPLE AB Three studies were conducted to examine the relationship of pre-test ratings of consumer food preferences (liking/disliking in response to a food name), expected liking/disliking, and situational appropriateness with post-test measures of liking/disliking, consumption and satisfaction in specific eating situations. A pre-test survey of 115 consumers assessed general preferences, expected liking/disliking, and appropriateness of 22 foods and beverages in 10 different use situations. The data showed a strong association between pre-test ratings of food appropriateness and expected liking/disliking. In the first experiment, subjects received an appropriate or inappropriate food at a lunch meal. In the second, subjects received a food item in either an appropriate or inappropriate social situation. Liking/disliking and consumption were poorly predicted from simple food preference measures. Better prediction was obtained by a combination of pre-test variables, but the variance accounted for was low. A likely factor influencing the results was the subjects' pre-test assumptions about the specific characteristics of the meal situation and how these matched or mismatched the actual meal conditions. In the third experiment, subjects received food items that varied in sensory quality at either an appropriate or inappropriate mealtime. In addition to the variables measured in Experiments 1 and 2, pre-test expected sensory attributes, post-test sensory attributes, judgments of whether the foods were "better or worse than expected" and "satisfaction" were collected. Results showed significant effects of both food quality and food appropriateness on all post-test variables, and confirmed the high degree of association between appropriateness and expected liking/disliking ratings found previously. Food preferences were again found to be poor predictors of post-test measures, while appropriateness and expected liking ratings were found to be good predictors of post-test appropriateness and food satisfaction ratings. Lastly, satisfaction was better predicted by both pre- and post-test variables than were either liking/disliking or consumption measures. Overall, the results show that the prediction of any aspect of consumer behavior toward foods in real life situations is extremely difficult. Although judicious use of multiple pre-test variables can improve prediction, much of the variability in liking, satisfaction, or consumption still remains unaccounted. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Natick Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Sci & Technol Directorate, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Consumer Sci Dept, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Geo Ctr Inc, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Cardello, AV (reprint author), USA, Natick Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Sci & Technol Directorate, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 34 TC 74 Z9 76 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-3293 J9 FOOD QUAL PREFER JI Food. Qual. Prefer. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 11 IS 3 BP 201 EP 216 DI 10.1016/S0950-3293(99)00055-5 PG 16 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 297YP UT WOS:000086111000003 ER PT J AU Powers, JG Shevenell, L AF Powers, JG Shevenell, L TI Transmissivity estimates from well hydrographs in karst and fractured aquifers SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article AB Hydrograph recessions from rainfall events have been previously analyzed for discharge at springs and streams; however, relatively little quantitative research has been conducted with regard to hydrograph analysis of recessions from monitoring wells screened in karst aquifers, In previous work, a quantitative hydrograph analysis technique has been proposed from which matrix transmissivity (i.e., transmissivity of intergranular porosity) and specific yields of matrix, fracture, and conduit components of the aquifer may be determined from well hydrographs, The technique has yielded realistic results at three sites tested by the authors (Y-12, Oak Ridge, Tennessee; Crane, Indiana; and Fort Campbell, Kentucky). Observed field data, as well as theoretical considerations, show that karst wed hydrographs are valid indicators of hydraulic properties of the associated karst aquifers, Results show matrix transmissivity (T) values to be in good agreement with values calculated using more traditional parameter estimation techniques, such as aquifer pumping tests and slug tests in matrix dominated wells. While the hydrograph analysis technique shows premise for obtaining reliable estimates of karst aquifer T with a simple, relatively inexpensive and passive method, the utility of the technique is limited in its application depending on site-specific hydrologic conditions, which include shadow submerged conduit systems located in areas with sufficient rainfall for water levels to respond to precipitation events. C1 Univ Nevada, Grad Program, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Univ Nevada, Nevada Bur Mines & Geol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Powers, JG (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, POB 1715, Baltimore, MD 21203 USA. NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD MAY-JUN PY 2000 VL 38 IS 3 BP 361 EP 369 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2000.tb00221.x PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 326WY UT WOS:000087761300012 ER PT J AU Krivak, TC Retherford, B Voskuil, S Rose, GS Alagoz, T AF Krivak, TC Retherford, B Voskuil, S Rose, GS Alagoz, T TI Recurrent invasive adenocarcinoma after hysterectomy for cervical adenocarcinoma in situ SO GYNECOLOGIC ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONE BIOPSY MARGINS; IN-SITU; UTERINE CERVIX; INSITU; MANAGEMENT AB Background. Unlike its squamous counterpart, therapy for cervical adenocarcinoma in situ with positive endocervical cone margin remains controversial. Case. A 52-year-old gravida 2, para 1,0,1,1, presented with vaginal bleeding. Gynecologic history was significant for cervical fold knife conization with a positive endocervical margin and endocervical curettage with atypical endocervical cells. Repeat cone biopsy was considered unsafe given the large initial cone specimen. An extrafascial hysterectomy was performed 5 weeks later and pathology confirmed a disease-free cervix. Pap smear performed 1 year later was interpreted as recurrent adenocarcinoma but later downgraded to inflammation. Inspection and random biopsies of the vaginal cuff revealed only inflammation. Two subsequent Pap smears also returned inflammation. Seventeen months after the hysterectomy physical examination revealed a 2 x 3-cm smooth mass at the vaginal cuff. Biopsy revealed invasive adenocarcinoma. The patient underwent an upper vaginectomy followed by postoperative pelvic radiation. Conclusion. This case suggests that despite extrafascial hysterectomy for presumed adenocarcinoma in situ of the cervix, a residual focus could remain and present later as invasive adenocarcinoma. (C) 2000 Academic Press. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Gynecol Oncol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. David Grant Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Travis AFB, CA 94535 USA. RP Krivak, TC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Gynecol Oncol, 6825 16th St NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 9 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0090-8258 J9 GYNECOL ONCOL JI Gynecol. Oncol. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 77 IS 2 BP 334 EP 335 DI 10.1006/gyno.2000.5761 PG 2 WC Oncology; Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Oncology; Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 313YX UT WOS:000087028300024 PM 10785491 ER PT J AU Hart, M Bruce, CW AF Hart, M Bruce, CW TI Backscatter measurements of thin nickel-coated graphite fibers SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Letter DE composite material; electromagnetic scattering; graphite fibers; wire scatterers ID FIBROUS AEROSOLS; ATTENUATION; WAVELENGTH C1 USA, Res Lab, White Sands Missile Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Phys Las Cruces 3D, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Hart, M (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, White Sands Missile Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 48 IS 5 BP 842 EP 843 DI 10.1109/8.855506 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 338GG UT WOS:000088410300026 ER PT J AU Pittman, WC AF Pittman, WC TI The rise and fall of strategic planning SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, Aviat & Missile Command, Huntsville, AL 35801 USA. RP Pittman, WC (reprint author), USA, Aviat & Missile Command, Huntsville, AL 35801 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9391 J9 IEEE T ENG MANAGE JI IEEE Trans. Eng. Manage. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 47 IS 2 BP 281 EP 282 DI 10.1109/TEM.2000.846794 PG 2 WC Business; Engineering, Industrial; Management SC Business & Economics; Engineering GA 325EW UT WOS:000087664200011 ER PT J AU Han, EH Karypis, G Kumar, V AF Han, EH Karypis, G Kumar, V TI Scalable parallel data mining for association rules SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON KNOWLEDGE AND DATA ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE data mining; parallel processing; association rules; load balance; scalability ID DATABASES AB In this paper, we propose two new parallel formulations of the Apriori algorithm that is used for computing association rules. These new formulations, IDD and HD, address the shortcomings of two previously proposed parallel formulations CD and DD. Unlike the CD algorithm, the IDD algorithm partitions the candidate set intelligently among processors to efficiently parallelize the step of building the hash tree. The IDD algorithm also eliminates the redundant work inherent in DD, and requires substantially smaller communication overhead than DD. But IDD suffers from the added cost due to communication of transactions among processors. HD is a hybrid algorithm that combines the advantages of Co and DD. Experimental results on a 128-processor Gray T3E show that HD scales just as well as the CD algorithm with respect to the number of transactions, and scales as well as IDD with respect to increasing candidate set size. C1 Univ Minnesota, USA, HPC Res Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Han, EH (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, USA, HPC Res Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM han@cs.umn.edu; karypis@cs.umn.edu; kumar@cs.umn.edu NR 16 TC 53 Z9 59 U1 2 U2 9 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1041-4347 J9 IEEE T KNOWL DATA EN JI IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng. PD MAY-JUN PY 2000 VL 12 IS 3 BP 337 EP 352 DI 10.1109/69.846289 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 325GQ UT WOS:000087668200001 ER PT J AU Kewley, RH Embrechts, MJ Breneman, C AF Kewley, RH Embrechts, MJ Breneman, C TI Data strip mining for the virtual design of pharmaceuticals with neural networks SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NEURAL NETWORKS LA English DT Article DE computational chemistry; data mining; pharmaceuticals AB A novel neural network based technique, called "data strip mining" extracts predictive models from data sets which have a large number of potential inputs and comparatively few data points. This methodology uses neural network sensitivity analysis to determine which predictors are most significant in the problem. Neural network sensitivity analysis holds all but one input to a trained neural network constant while varying each input over its entire range to determine its effect on the output. The least sensitive variables are iteratively removed from the input set. For each iteration, model cross-validation uses multiple splits of training and validation data to determine an estimate of the model's ability to predict the output for data points not used during training, Elimination of variables through neural network sensitivity analysis and predicting performance through model cross-validation allows the analyst to reduce the number of inputs and improve the model's predictive ability at the same time. This paper illustrates this technique using a cartoon problem from classical physics. It then demonstrates its effectiveness on a pair of challenging problems from combinatorial chemistry with over 400 potential inputs each. For these data sets, model selection by neural sensitivity analysis outperformed other variable selection methods including forward selection and a genetic algorithm. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Syst Engn, W Point, NY 10996 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Decis Sci & Engn Syst, Troy, NY 12181 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Chem, Troy, NY 12181 USA. RP Kewley, RH (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Syst Engn, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 13 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1045-9227 J9 IEEE T NEURAL NETWOR JI IEEE Trans. Neural Netw. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 11 IS 3 BP 668 EP 679 DI 10.1109/72.846738 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 326JM UT WOS:000087732100012 PM 18249794 ER PT J AU Ellis, RD Meitzler, TJ Witus, G Sohn, E Bryk, D Goetz, R Gerhart, GR AF Ellis, RD Meitzler, TJ Witus, G Sohn, E Bryk, D Goetz, R Gerhart, GR TI Computational modeling of age-differences in a visually demanding driving task: Vehicle detection SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS MAN AND CYBERNETICS PART A-SYSTEMS AND HUMANS LA English DT Article DE aging; human factors; road vehicles; safety; signal detection; visual system ID OLDER DRIVERS; PERCEPTION; VISION AB While older adults experience fewer automobile crashes than the rest of the population, their crash rate per mile driven is comparable to that of new drivers. Many crashes can be linked to visual detection problems, e.g., not seeing a car approaching at an intersection. The visual task of detecting an approaching vehicle was modeled with a neuro-physiologically motivated computational vision model, the National Automotive Center-Visual Perception Model (NAC-VPM), The scientific literature documenting age-related changes in early vision was reviewed in relationship to the components of the NAC-VPM, and the model was fit to lab data from older observers. The model Bt the older observers' data adequately, particularly when the data was partitioned into subsets based on viewing conditions. Model fits were compared to calibrations based on younger observers' data. The calibrations based on older observers were substantially different from calibrations based on younger observers, indicating that the model can capture age-related differences in visual perception. When calibrated to the older adults' data, the model successfully predicted conditions under which vehicle detection was particularly difficult for older adults. C1 Wayne State Univ, Inst Gerontol, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. Wayne State Univ, Dept Ind & Mfg Engn, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. USA, Tank Automot & Armaments Command, Warren, MI 48397 USA. Turing Associates, Ann Arbor, MI 48103 USA. RP Wayne State Univ, Inst Gerontol, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. EM ellis@iog.wayne.edu RI Ellis, Richard/A-5905-2009 OI Ellis, Richard/0000-0003-0435-8395 NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1083-4427 EI 1558-2426 J9 IEEE T SYST MAN CY A JI IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Paart A-Syst. Hum. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 30 IS 3 BP 336 EP 346 DI 10.1109/3468.844357 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 321AH UT WOS:000087432400008 ER PT J AU Fleckenstein, JM Lindler, LE Elsinghorst, EA Dale, JB AF Fleckenstein, JM Lindler, LE Elsinghorst, EA Dale, JB TI Identification of a gene within a pathogenicity island of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli H10407 required for maximal secretion of the heat-labile enterotoxin SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID UNDIFFERENTIATED HUMAN DIARRHEA; EPITHELIAL-CELL INVASION; COMPLETE GENOME SEQUENCE; VIBRIO-CHOLERAE; OUTER-MEMBRANE; HELICOBACTER-PYLORI; MOLECULAR-CLONING; VIRULENCE GENES; TOXIN SECRETION; PROTEIN AB Studies of the pathogenesis of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) have largely centered on extrachromosomal determinants of virulence, in particular the plasmid-encoded heat-labile (LT) and heat-stable enterotoxins and the colonization factor antigens. ETEC causes illnesses that range from mild diarrhea to severe cholera-like disease. These differences in disease severity are not readily accounted for by our current understanding of ETEC pathogenesis. Here,ve demonstrate that Tia, a putative adhesin of ETEC H10407, is encoded on a large chromosomal element of approximately 46 kb that shares multiple features with previously described E. coli pathogenicity islands. Further analysis of the region downstream from tin revealed the presence of several candidate open reading frames (ORFs) in the same transcriptional orientation as tia. The putative proteins encoded by these ORFs bear multiple motifs associated with bacterial secretion apparatuses. An in-frame deletion in one candidate gene identified here as leoA (labile enterotoxin output) resulted in marked diminution of secretion of the LT enterotoxin and lack of fluid accumulation in a rabbit ileal loop model of infection. Although previous studies have suggested that E. coli lacks the capacity to secrete LT, our studies show that maximal release of LT from the periplasm of H10407 is dependent on one or more elements encoded on a pathogenicity island. C1 Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Med Serv, Memphis, TN 38104 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Med, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Bacterial Dis, Div Communicable Dis & Immunol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Univ Kansas, Dept Microbiol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. RP Fleckenstein, JM (reprint author), Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Res Serv 151, 1030 Jefferson Ave, Memphis, TN 38104 USA. OI Fleckenstein, James/0000-0002-1148-697X NR 67 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 68 IS 5 BP 2766 EP 2774 DI 10.1128/IAI.68.5.2766-2774.2000 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 305ZX UT WOS:000086572600050 PM 10768971 ER PT J AU Sonnenwald, DH Pierce, LG AF Sonnenwald, DH Pierce, LG TI Information behavior in dynamic group work contexts: interwoven situational awareness, dense social networks and contested collaboration in command and control SO INFORMATION PROCESSING & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article AB In many dynamic work situations, no single individual can acquire the varied and often rapidly expanding information needed for success. Individuals must work together to collect, analyze, synthesize and disseminate information throughout the work process. Perhaps one of the most dynamic work contexts is command and control in the military at the battalion level which directs 300 to 1000 soldiers on the battlefield. This paper reports on a study that explores human information behavior in command and control (C2). Data was gathered from simulated battle exercises, interviews with experienced C2 personnel and documentation on C2. During data analysis, three important themes that highlight the why, what, how and consequences of information behavior in CZ emerged. The first is the concept of interwoven situational awareness consisting of individual, intragroup and intergroup shared understanding of the situation. Interwoven situational awareness appears to facilitate response to dynamic, constraint-bound situations. The second theme describes the need for dense social networks or frequent communication between participants about the work context and situation, the work process and domain-specific information. The third theme is called 'contested collaboration', a phenomenon where team members maintain an outward stance of cooperation but work to further their own interests, at times sabotaging the collaborative effort. These results provide insights to the complex nature of human information behavior in dynamic and complex work contexts and lead to recommendations for training and further research. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. USA, Res Lab, Ft Sill, OK 73505 USA. RP Sonnenwald, DH (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, CB 3360, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. NR 33 TC 103 Z9 104 U1 4 U2 38 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0306-4573 J9 INFORM PROCESS MANAG JI Inf. Process. Manage. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 36 IS 3 BP 461 EP 479 DI 10.1016/S0306-4573(99)00039-4 PG 19 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Information Science & Library Science SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science GA 297FC UT WOS:000086070400007 ER PT J AU Durkot, MJ de Garavilla, L AF Durkot, MJ de Garavilla, L TI Exercise in the heat: Effects of an adenosine antagonist SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE adenosine antagonist; cardiovascular; performance enhancement ID FLOW; PERFORMANCE; DOGS AB The purpose of this experiment was to examine the effects of an adenosine antagonist on cardiovascular, thermoregulatory, and exercise performance in the heat. Two doses (1 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg) of a selective adenosine Al antagonist (1,3-di-n-propyl-8-[4-hydroxyphenyll]xanthine) (DPHPX) were tested in a rat model of exercise exhaustion, treadmill 11 m/min, 6 degrees incline, in the heat 30 degrees C. Pretreatment with the experimental adenosine antagonist caused a slight improvement p > 0.05 in run time (41 +/- 4 vs. 44 +/- 3 mm) at a low dose but reduced performance (41 +/- 4 vs. 29 +/- 3 mm) at a high dose despite elevated plasma lactate (6.41 +/- 0.82 vs. 9.91 +/- 1.0 and 12.42 +/- 1.1 mu mole/L) levels in both dosage groups. At the low dose the antagonist provided a clear benefit in thermoregulation as evidenced by reduced heating rates (0.079 +/- 0.005 vs. 0.050 +/- 0.009 degrees C/min). Heart rate and blood pressure tended to be preserved in the low dose group also. Blood gases remained closer to normal with either dosage of drug with arterial PO2 being remarkably preserved after exercise whereas venous PO2 was not different suggesting increased oxygen delivery and extraction. The results of this investigation indicate that antagonizing the effects of adenosine at a low dose with this agent did improve cardiovascular and thermoregulatory responses but did not provide a substantial overall benefit in exercise performance in the heat. C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Mil Nutr & Biochem Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RW Johnson Pharmaceut Res Inst, Spring House, PA 19477 USA. RP Durkot, MJ (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Mil Nutr & Biochem Div, Kansas St, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0172-4622 J9 INT J SPORTS MED JI Int. J. Sports Med. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 21 IS 4 BP 270 EP 274 DI 10.1055/s-2000-312 PG 5 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 315EX UT WOS:000087100600006 PM 10853698 ER PT J AU Arnas, AO AF Arnas, AO TI On the physical interpretation of the mathematics of thermodynamics SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ECOS 98 Seminar CY JUL, 1998 CL NANCY, FRANCE DE thermodynamics; relations; phenomena; tables; diagrams; experiments; research AB The use of mathematical relations is discussed with the idea of enhancing the teaching-learning process in thermodynamics. It is emphasized that the physical interpretation of mathematical relations is of importance in explaining thermodynamic phenomena, showing how thermodynamic tables are made, the physical interpretation of thermodynamic diagrams, the design of experiments, and research in fields that require thermodynamics, particularly for quantities that involve nonmeasurable thermodynamic properties. It is believed that the appropriate use of these relationships contributes to the clear understanding of thermodynamic concepts, processes and systems. (C) 2000 Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS. C1 Bogazici Univ, Dept Mech Engn, TR-80815 Bebek, Turkey. RP Arnas, AO (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Civil Engn & Mech, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 1290-0729 J9 INT J THERM SCI JI Int. J. Therm. Sci. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 39 IS 5 BP 551 EP 555 DI 10.1016/S1290-0729(00)00249-0 PG 5 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 326BL UT WOS:000087712000001 ER PT J AU Reddy, G Chandra, SAM Lish, JW Qualls, CW AF Reddy, G Chandra, SAM Lish, JW Qualls, CW TI Toxicity of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) in hispid cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus): Hematological, biochemical, and pathological effects SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 01-05, 1998 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Soc Toxicol DE cotton rats; glutathione S-transferases; methemoglobin; O-dealkylation; toxicity; 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) ID ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION; CYTOCHROME-P450 INDUCTION; TRANSFORMATION PRODUCTS; NITROAROMATIC COMPOUNDS; SUBCHRONIC TOXICITY; TESTICULAR TOXICITY; ENZYME-ACTIVITIES; FISCHER-344 RATS; ORAL TOXICITY; 3-METHYLCHOLANTHRENE AB The contamination of soil and water with munitions chemicals and their degradation products has been reported at certain munitions production waste disposal sites and at certain Army installations. The effects of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) on mild cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus) mere evaluated to identify target organ toxicity that could be used to develop biomarkers for exposure assessment for ecological and health risks. The oral LD(50) values for TNT in corn oil were 607 and 767 mg/kg body weights for male and female cotton rats respectively, Hematological, pathological, and biochemical effects of TNT were determined after daily oral gavage of TNT in corn oil at doses of 0, 75.9, 151.8, and 303.5 (males) or 0, 96, 192, and 384 mg/kg (females) for 7 days. Cotton rats treated with TNT showed an increase in spleen weights in males (303.5 mg/kg) and in females (192 and 384 mg/kg), Cotton rats of both sexes treated for 7 days with TNT had marked hemolytic anemia with reduced erythrocytes, hemoglobin, and hematocrit in high-dose groups; methemoglobin levels were elevated significantly in males at mid and high dose. Hepatic drug metabolizing enzyme analysis revealed that microsomal O-dealkylation of methoxy, ethoxy, and pentoxy resorufin were elevated in male (high dose) cotton rats. The activity of hepatic glutathione S-transferases (GST) was significantly elevated in male (mid and high dose) and female (all doses) cotton rats exposed to TNT. Histopathological analysis of spleen revealed mild to marked splenic congestion with mild extramedullary hematopoiesis, hemosiderosis, and lymphoid hyperplasia in male and female cotton rats treated with TNT (all doses). Liver weights were increased in males (mid and high dose) and in females (high-dose group). In the high-dose groups, histological changes in liver (mild to moderate hepatocellular hypertrophy, increased hemosiderin pigment in Kupffer cells) in both sexes, and in testis (premature exfoliation of spermatozoa from dilated seminiferous tubules) were observed (mid and high dose). These results suggest that hepatic GST and hemolytic anemia may be biomarkers in cotton rats of terrestrial contamination with TNT or other nitroaromatic explosive compounds. C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, ATTN MCHB TS THE, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Reddy, G (reprint author), USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, ATTN MCHB TS THE, 5158 Blackhawk Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM gunda.reddy@apg.amedd.army.mil NR 43 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1091-5818 J9 INT J TOXICOL JI Int. J. Toxicol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2000 VL 19 IS 3 BP 169 EP 177 PG 9 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 331DT UT WOS:000088002600002 ER PT J AU Lee, CK Buckley, E AF Lee, CK Buckley, E TI New technique for parafoil inflation control SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT CEAS/AIAA 15th Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems Technology Conference CY JUN 08-11, 1999 CL TOULOUSE, FRANCE SP CEAS, AIAA ID PARACHUTE AB A new cell pull-down method for parafoil openings is being developed at the Natick Soldier Center. Rigging procedures of the method involve pulling down either the end cells or the center cells of a parafoil toward the payload by reefing the suspension lines. Flight tests on a 220- and a 500-ft(2) parafoil show that this new method provides a controlled, staged inflation of the parafoils and is a viable parafoil inflation method that will provide simple rigging procedures and low opening forces. C1 USA, Soldier & Biol Chem Command, Natick, MA 01760 USA. USA, Solider & Biol Chem Command, Natick Soldier Ctr, Elect Calibrat & Test Team, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Lee, CK (reprint author), USA, Solider & Biol Chem Command, Natick Soldier Ctr, Airdrop Technol Team, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD MAY-JUN PY 2000 VL 37 IS 3 BP 479 EP 483 DI 10.2514/2.2622 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 322FY UT WOS:000087500600017 ER PT J AU Yue, XF Adibi, A Hudson, T Buse, K Psaltis, D AF Yue, XF Adibi, A Hudson, T Buse, K Psaltis, D TI Role of cerium in lithium niobate for holographic recording SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PHOTOREFRACTIVE PROPERTIES; STORAGE; CRYSTALS; GRATINGS AB Cerium-doped lithium niobate crystals are tested for holographic recording. A photochromic effect is observed in crystals doped with cerium and manganese. But two-center recording in the sample is not as effective as in iron and manganese doubly doped crystals. Photocurrent measurements in cerium and iron singly doped crystals indicate that the photovoltaic constant in the cerium-doped crystal is only one third of that of the iron-doped one. This is the main reason accounting for the low sensitivity of cerium-doped lithium niobate crystals. However, in the diffusion dominated case, i.e., for reflection geometry, cerium-doped lithium niobate may give a strong effect. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0021- 8979(00)08505-4]. C1 CALTECH, Dept Elect Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. USA, Aviat & Missile Command, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Psaltis, D (reprint author), CALTECH, Dept Elect Engn, MS 136-93, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 21 TC 78 Z9 90 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2000 VL 87 IS 9 BP 4051 EP 4055 DI 10.1063/1.373043 PN 1 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 308QJ UT WOS:000086724100001 ER PT J AU Leupold, HA Tilak, A Potenziani, E AF Leupold, HA Tilak, A Potenziani, E TI Permanent magnet spheres: Design, construction, and application (invited) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 15-18, 1999 CL SAN JOSE, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Inst Phys, Magnet Soc Inst Elect & Electr Engineers, Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Amer Soc Testing & Mat, USN Off Res, Amer Ceram Soc, Amer Phys Soc ID FIELD SOURCES AB A summary of the salutary properties of the strong permanent magnet field sources known as magic spheres is given. Topics of discussion include: obtainable field strengths, field uniformity, field insensitivity to structural modifications, methods of avoidance of field distortions due to access holes, tapering of field strength with progression along the field axis, field augmentation in different working space geometries, simplified manufacture of the magic spheres, and potential employment for various purposes. Field measurements made on a recently completed prototypical augmented magic sphere for a microwave radiation source are reported and compared with theory. [S0021-8979(00)63308-X]. C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Leupold, HA (reprint author), US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2000 VL 87 IS 9 BP 4730 EP 4734 DI 10.1063/1.373141 PN 2 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 308RT UT WOS:000086727200021 ER PT J AU Friedl, KE Moore, RJ Hoyt, RW Marchitelli, LJ Martinez-Lopez, LE Askew, EW AF Friedl, KE Moore, RJ Hoyt, RW Marchitelli, LJ Martinez-Lopez, LE Askew, EW TI Endocrine markers of semistarvation in healthy lean men in a multistressor environment SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE weight loss; sleep deprivation; body fat; insulin; testosterone; insulin-like growth factor I; 3,5,3 '-triiodothyronine; cholesterol; cortisol; growth hormone; thyroid-stimulating hormone; binding globulins; luteinizing hormone ID PROLONGED PHYSICAL STRAIN; HIGH CALORIE DIET; GROWTH FACTOR-I; SLEEP-DEPRIVATION; WEIGHT-LOSS; YOUNG MEN; BINDING GLOBULIN; BODY-COMPOSITION; ENERGY MALNUTRITION; TESTOSTERONE LEVELS AB We tested the hypothesis that key endocrine responses to semistarvation would be attenuated by changing only the food intake in a multistressor environment that also included sustained workload, inadequate sleep, and thermal strain. Serum hormones were compared within and between two groups of healthy young male volunteers participating in the 8-wk US Army Ranger course, with four repeated cycles of restricted energy intakes and refeeding: group I (n = 49) and group 2 (n = 48); energy deficits averaged 1,200 and 1,000 kcal/day, respectively. After 8 wk, most of group I achieved a minimum body fat, serum 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T-3) was below normal (78 +/- 20 ng/dl), testosterone (T) approached castrate levels (4.5 +/- 3.9 nmol/l), insulin-like growth factor I(IGF-I) declined by one-half(75 +/- 25 mu g/l), and cholesterol rose from 158 +/- 31 to 217 +/- 39 mg/dl. Bioavailable T3 and T were further reduced by increases in their specific binding proteins in response to declining insulin. Refeeding, even with continuation of the other stressors, produced prompt recovery of Ts, T, and IGF-I. Higher energy intakes ingroup 2 attenuated the subclinical hypothyroidism and hypercholesterolemia, whereas consistent luteinizing hormone suppression indicated centrally mediated threshold effects on gonadal hormone suppression. We conclude that low T, TS, and IGF-I remained reliable markers of acute energy deficits in the presence of other stressors; elevated cholesterol and cortisol provided information about chronic status, corresponding to diminishing body fat stores. C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Friedl, KE (reprint author), POB 1779, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RI Biguzzi, Felipe/E-4724-2015; OI Friedl, Karl/0000-0002-3134-8427 NR 67 TC 93 Z9 93 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 8750-7587 J9 J APPL PHYSIOL JI J. Appl. Physiol. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 88 IS 5 BP 1820 EP 1830 PG 11 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA 313DL UT WOS:000086985000043 PM 10797147 ER PT J AU Barillo, DJ Coffey, EC Shirani, KZ Goodwin, CW AF Barillo, DJ Coffey, EC Shirani, KZ Goodwin, CW TI Burns caused by medical therapy SO JOURNAL OF BURN CARE & REHABILITATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 29th Annual Meeting of the American-Burn-Association CY MAR 18-21, 1998 CL CHICAGO, ILLINOIS SP Amer Burn Assoc ID RECONSTRUCTED BREAST; OPERATING-ROOM; PULSE OXIMETRY; FACIAL SURGERY; FIRE; LASER; COMPLICATION; SAFETY; INJURY; OXYGEN AB A burn injury may occur as an unexpected consequence of medical treatment. We examined the burn prevention implications of injuries received in a medical treatment facility or as a direct result of medical care. The records of 4510 consecutive admissions to 1 burn center between January 1978 and July 1997 were retrospectively reviewed. A cohort of 54 patients burned as a result of medical therapy was identified and stratified by location (home vs medical facility) and by mechanism of injury. Twenty-two patients were burned in a medical treatment facility, including 12 patients who were burned as a result of careless or unsupervised use of tobacco products. Thirty-two patients were burned as a result of home medical therapy, including 9 patients who had scald injuries from vaporizers, 8 patients who were burned by simultaneous use of cigarettes and home nasal oxygen therapy and 11 patients who were burned by therapeutic application of heat. In contrast to previous studies, no patient was burned by the use of medical laser devices. To further decrease burn risk from medical therapy we advocate the prohibition of cigarette smoking in any medical facility. Continued tobacco use may represent a contraindication to home oxygen therapy. Given the lack of proof of efficacy combined with the potential for burn injury, the use of vaporizers to treat upper respiratory symptoms should be discouraged. Patients with diminished sensation or altered mental status are at increased risk of burn injury from bathing or topical heat application and merit closer monitoring during these activities. C1 USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Barillo, DJ (reprint author), USA, Inst Surg Res, 3400 Rawley E Chambers Ave, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 60 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0273-8481 J9 J BURN CARE REHABIL JI J. Burn Care Rehabil. PD MAY-JUN PY 2000 VL 21 IS 3 BP 269 EP 273 DI 10.1097/00004630-200021030-00016 PG 5 WC Emergency Medicine; Rehabilitation; Surgery SC Emergency Medicine; Rehabilitation; Surgery GA 318YH UT WOS:000087311900015 PM 10850910 ER PT J AU Nau, ME Emerson, LR Martin, RK Kyle, DE Wirth, DF Vahey, M AF Nau, ME Emerson, LR Martin, RK Kyle, DE Wirth, DF Vahey, M TI Technical assessment of the affymetrix yeast expression GeneChip YE6100 platform in a heterologous model of genes that confer resistance to antimalarial drugs in yeast SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; MULTIDRUG-RESISTANCE; ABC PROTEINS; OLIGONUCLEOTIDE ARRAYS; PLEIOTROPIC DRUG; TRANSPORTER; GENOME; PDR5; INVENTORY; ENCODES AB The advent of high-density gene array technology has revolutionized approaches to drug design, development, and characterization. At the laboratory level, the efficient, consistent, and dependable exploitation of this complex technology requires the stringent standardization of protocols and data analysis platforms, The Affymetrix YE6100 expression GeneChip platform was evaluated for its performance in the analysis of both global (6,000 yeast genes) and targeted (three pleiotropic multidrug resistance genes of the ATP binding cassette transporter family) gene expression in a heterologous yeast model system in the presence and absence of the antimalarial drug chloroquine. Critical to the generation of consistent data from this platform are issues involving the preparation of the specimen, use of appropriate controls, accurate assessment of experiment variance, strict adherence to optimized enzymatic and hybridization protocols, and use of sophisticated bioinformatics tools for data analysis. C1 Henry M Jackson Fdn Advancement Mil Med, Rockville, MD USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Immunol & Infect Dis, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Retrovirol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Vahey, M (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Gene Array Lab, 1600 E Gude Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. NR 22 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 38 IS 5 BP 1901 EP 1908 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 311TU UT WOS:000086902400035 PM 10790119 ER PT J AU Moinpour, CM Lovato, LC Thompson, IM Ware, JE Ganz, PA Patrick, DL Shumaker, SA Donaldson, GW Ryan, A Coltman, CA AF Moinpour, CM Lovato, LC Thompson, IM Ware, JE Ganz, PA Patrick, DL Shumaker, SA Donaldson, GW Ryan, A Coltman, CA TI Profile of men randomized to the prostate cancer prevention trial: Baseline health-related quality of life, urinary and sexual functioning, and health behaviors SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LEFT-VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION; SURGICAL ADJUVANT BREAST; OF-LIFE; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; NATURAL-HISTORY; CLINICAL-TRIALS; SURVEY SF-36; HYPERPLASIA; FINASTERIDE; TESTS AB Purpose: To describe men who agreed ta be randomized ta the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial (PCPT), a 7-year, double-blind placebo-controlled study of the efficacy of finasteride in preventing prostate cancer. Methods: Comprehensive health-related quality-of-life data are presented for 18,882 randomized PCPT participants. Results: PCPT participants are highly educated, middle to upper income, and primarily white (92%). Participants reported healthy lifestyles. The mean American Urological Association Symptom Index score was well below the maximum entry score of less than 19; existing urinary symptoms were generally not bothersome. The scores for two sexual functioning scales could range from 0 to 100, with higher scores reflecting worse sexual functioning. The mean score for the Sexual Problem Scale was 19.2 aut of 100, and the mean Sexual Activities Scale wets 44.1 out of 100. Scores for seven of the eight Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short-Form Health Survey scales (higher scores are better) were 10 to 20 points higher than those reported by a general population sample and differed minimally by race but not by age. Previously reported associations between sexual dysfunction and hypertension, diabetes, and depression were also observed. Men who never smoked reported less sexual dysfunction than did those who either had quit or still smoked. Conclusion: Individuals who are likely to enroll in primary prevention trials have a high socioeconomic status, healthy lifestyle behaviors, and better health than the general population. These data help oncologists design chemoprevention trials with respect to the selection of health-related quality-of-life assessments and recruitment strategies. (C) 2000 by American Society of Clinical Oncology. C1 SW Oncol Grp, Operat Off, San Antonio, TX 78245 USA. Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Div Publ Hlth Sci, SW Oncol Grp, Ctr Stat, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Clin Div, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, San Antonio, TX USA. QualMetr, Lincoln, RI USA. New England Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Jonsson Comprehens Canc Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Hlth Serv, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Winston Salem, NC 27103 USA. RP Moinpour, CM (reprint author), SW Oncol Grp, Operat Off, S9217,14980 Omicron Dr, San Antonio, TX 78245 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [2 U10 CA37429-09, 5 U10 CA37429] NR 58 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0732-183X J9 J CLIN ONCOL JI J. Clin. Oncol. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 18 IS 9 BP 1942 EP 1953 PG 12 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 311FK UT WOS:000086873900017 PM 10784636 ER PT J AU Romlein, J Lyche, D Chacko, A Cawthon, M Vanderburgh, D Stokes, R AF Romlein, J Lyche, D Chacko, A Cawthon, M Vanderburgh, D Stokes, R TI New facility picture archiving and communication system implementation strategy SO JOURNAL OF DIGITAL IMAGING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th Symposium for Computer Applications in Radiology held at the Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Computer-Applications-in-Radiology (SCAR 2000) CY JUN 03-06, 2000 CL PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA SP Soc Comp Applicat Radiol AB Strategies for deployment of picture archiving and communications systems (PACS) in new hospitals often involve the establishment of initial PACS operations. Such a strategy is flawed in the sense that the clinical and radiological users must adapt to PACS operations, while being faced with several other new facility learning curves. This increases the complexity and risk of the radiological services. A strategy of implementing PACS operations in the old facility and performing a zero-downtime transition into the new facility offers several advantages to this method. The successful undertaking of such a project will support not only the physical movement of the existing PACS, but the accomplishment of other re-engineering goals associated with the new hospital. This report will describe the strategy used in two successful transitions of PACS into newly constructed hospitals. Copyright (C) 2000 by W.B. Saunders Company. C1 Informatech Inc, Telemed Div, Telemed Serv, Frederick, MD 21703 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Elmendorf Med Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Romlein, J (reprint author), Informatech Inc, Telemed Div, Telemed Serv, Frederick, MD 21703 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0897-1889 J9 J DIGIT IMAGING JI J. Digit. Imaging PD MAY PY 2000 VL 13 IS 2 SU 1 BP 3 EP 5 PG 3 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 319KA UT WOS:000087339000002 PM 10847351 ER PT J AU Siegel, E Reiner, B Abiri, M Chacko, A Morin, R Ro, DW Spicer, K Strickland, N Young, J AF Siegel, E Reiner, B Abiri, M Chacko, A Morin, R Ro, DW Spicer, K Strickland, N Young, J TI The filmless radiology reading room: A survey of established picture archiving and communication system sites SO JOURNAL OF DIGITAL IMAGING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th Symposium for Computer Applications in Radiology held at the Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Computer-Applications-in-Radiology (SCAR 2000) CY JUN 03-06, 2000 CL PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA SP Soc Comp Applicat Radiol AB The purpose of this study was to survey radiologists experienced in soft-copy diagnosis using computer workstations about their current reading room environment, their impressions of the efficacy of their reading room design, and their recommendations based on their experience for improvement of the soft-copy reading environment. Surveys were obtained from radiologists at seven sites representing three major picture archiving and communication system (PACS) vendors throughout the world that have had extensive experience with soft-copy interpretation of radiology studies. The radiologists filled out a detailed survey, which was designed to assess their current reading room environment and to provide them with the opportunity to make suggestions about improvement of the PACS reading rooms. The survey data were entered into a database and results were correlated with multiple parameters, including experience with PACS, types of modalities interpreted on the system, and number of years of experience in radiology. The factors judged to be most important in promoting radiologist productivity were room lighting, monitor number, and monitor brightness. Almost all of the radiologists indicated that their lighting source was from overhead rather than indirect or portable light sources. Approximately half indicated they had the capability of dimming the brightness of the overhead lighting. Most radiologists indicated that they-were able to adjust room temperature but that they did not have individual temperature controls at their workstations. The radiologists indicated that the most troublesome sources of noise included background noise, other radiologists, and clinicians much more than noise from computer monitors, technologists, or patients. Most radiologists did not have chairs that could recline or arm rests. Most did have wheels and the capability to swivel, both of which were judged important. The majority of chairs also had lumbar support, which was also seen to be important. Radiologists commonly adjusted room lighting and their reading chair, but rarely adjusted room temperature or monitor brightness. The median number of hours spent at the workstation before taken a "break" was 1.5. Common recommendations to improve the room layout included compartmentalization of the reading room and availability of the hospital/radiology information system at each workstation. The survey data suggest several areas of potential improvement based on radiologists' experience. Optimization of soft-copy reading room design is likely to result in decreased fatigue and increased productivity. Copyright (C) 2000 by W.B. Saunders Company. C1 Vet Affairs Maryland Healthcare Syst, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Amer Radiol Serv, Baltimore, MD USA. Beth Israel Med Ctr, New York, NY 10003 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Mayo Clin, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA. Samsung Med Ctr, Seoul, South Korea. Med Univ S Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. Hammersmith Hosp, London, England. RP Siegel, E (reprint author), Baltimore VA Med Ctr, Dept Diagnost Radiol & Nucl Med 114, 10 N Greene St, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. NR 0 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0897-1889 J9 J DIGIT IMAGING JI J. Digit. Imaging PD MAY PY 2000 VL 13 IS 2 SU 1 BP 22 EP 23 PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 319KA UT WOS:000087339000007 PM 10847356 ER PT J AU Martinez, R Cole, C Rozenblit, J Cook, JF Chacko, AK AF Martinez, R Cole, C Rozenblit, J Cook, JF Chacko, AK TI Common object request broker architecture (CORBA)-based security services for the virtual radiology environment SO JOURNAL OF DIGITAL IMAGING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th Symposium for Computer Applications in Radiology held at the Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Computer-Applications-in-Radiology (SCAR 2000) CY JUN 03-06, 2000 CL PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA SP Soc Comp Applicat Radiol AB The US Army Great Plains Regional Medical Command (GPRMC) has a requirement to conform to Department of Defense (DoD) and Army security policies for the Virtual Radiology Environment (VRE) Project. Within the DoD, security policy is defined as the set of laws, rules, and practices that regulate how an organization manages, protects, and distributes sensitive information. Security policy in the DoD is described by the Trusted Computer System Evaluation Criteria (TCSEC), Army Regulation (AR) 380-19, Defense Information Infrastructure Common Operating Environment (DII COE), Military Health Services System Automated Information Systems Security Policy Manual, and National Computer Security Center-TG-005, "Trusted Network Interpretation." These documents were used to develop a security policy that defines information protection requirements that are made with respect to those laws, rules, and practices that are required to protect the information stored and processed in the VRE Project. The goal of the security policy is to provide for a CS-level of information protection while also satisfying the functional needs of the GPRMC's user community. This report summarizes the security policy for the VRE and defines the CORBA security services that satisfy the policy. In the VRE, the information to be protected is embedded into three major information components: (1) Patient information consists of Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM)-formatted fields. The patient information resides in the digital imaging network picture archiving and communication system (DIN-PACS) networks in the database archive systems and includes (a) patient demographics; (b) patient images from x-ray, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and ultrasound (US); and (c) prior patient images and related patient history. (2) Meta-Manager information to be protected consists of several data objects. This information is distributed to the Meta-Manager nodes and includes (a) radiologist schedules; (b) modality worklists; (c) routed case information; (d) DIN-PACS and Composite Health Care system (CHCS) messages, and Meta-Manager administrative and security information; and (e) patient case information. (3) Access control and communications security is required in the VRE to control who uses the VRE and Meta-Manager facilities and to secure the messages between VRE components. The CORBA Security Service Specification version 1.5 is designed to allow up to TCSEC's B2-level security for distributed objects. The CORBA Security Service Specification defines the functionality of several security features: identification and authentication, authorization and access control, security auditing, communication security, nonrepudiation, and security administration. This report describes the enhanced security features for the VRE and their implementation using commercial CORBA Security Service software products. Copyright (C) 2000 by W.B. Saunders Company. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Martinez, R (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0897-1889 J9 J DIGIT IMAGING JI J. Digit. Imaging PD MAY PY 2000 VL 13 IS 2 SU 1 BP 59 EP 70 PG 12 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 319KA UT WOS:000087339000016 PM 10847365 ER PT J AU Harding, DB Gac, RJ Reynolds, CT Romlein, J Chacko, AK AF Harding, DB Gac, RJ Reynolds, CT Romlein, J Chacko, AK TI Security model for picture archiving and communication systems SO JOURNAL OF DIGITAL IMAGING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th Symposium for Computer Applications in Radiology held at the Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Computer-Applications-in-Radiology (SCAR 2000) CY JUN 03-06, 2000 CL PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA SP Soc Comp Applicat Radiol AB The modern information revolution has facilitated a metamorphosis of health care delivery wrought with the challenges of securing patient sensitive data. To accommodate this reality, Congress passed the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA). While final guidance has not fully been resolved at this time, it is up to the health care community to develop and implement conprehensive security strategies founded on procedural, hardware and software solutions in preparation for future controls. The Virtual Radiology Environment (VRE) Project, a landmark US Army picture archiving and communications system (PACS) implemented across 10 geographically dispersed medical facilities, has addressed that challenge by planning for the secure transmission of medical images and reports over their local (LAN) and wide area network (WAN) infrastructure. Their model, which is transferable to general PACS implementations, encompasses a strategy of application risk and dataflow identification, data auditing, security policy definition, and procedural controls. When combined with hardware and software solutions that are both nonperformance limiting and scalable, the comprehensive approach will not only sufficiently address the current security requirements, but also accommodate the natural evolution of the enterprise security model. Copyright (C) 2000 by W.B. Saunders Company. C1 InformaTech Inc, Telemed Serv, Frederick, MD 21703 USA. USA, Med Res & Mat Command, Ft Detrick, MD USA. RP Harding, DB (reprint author), InformaTech Inc, Telemed Serv, 5300 Westview Dr,Suite 408, Frederick, MD 21703 USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0897-1889 J9 J DIGIT IMAGING JI J. Digit. Imaging PD MAY PY 2000 VL 13 IS 2 SU 1 BP 202 EP 203 PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 319KA UT WOS:000087339000052 PM 10847401 ER PT J AU Patel, S Levin, B Gac, RJ Harding, D Chacko, AK Wider, R Romlein, J AF Patel, S Levin, B Gac, RJ Harding, D Chacko, AK Wider, R Romlein, J TI Picture archiving and communication systems project management using web-based tools SO JOURNAL OF DIGITAL IMAGING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th Symposium for Computer Applications in Radiology held at the Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Computer-Applications-in-Radiology (SCAR 2000) CY JUN 03-06, 2000 CL PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA SP Soc Comp Applicat Radiol AB As the technology of picture archiving and communications systems (PACS) improves and implementation becomes more widespread, the project management of deploying substantially large, multiple-facility systems becomes an integral part of success. A successful deployment requires project support from the initial planning and surveying to the final acceptance, even encompassing support during active use of the PACS. The sharing of information between project stakeholders of a PACS implementation can be daunting at times, but with the flexibility of the worldwide web, this aspect can be eased. This report speaks to the tools and usability of the worldwide web to disseminate project management information for planning, implementation, and support of any PACS implementation - anywhere. This sharing of knowledge prepares the end user for what will be available for them when the complete systems is in place, allowing for a smoother migration to PACS. Copyright (C) 2000 by W.B. Saunders Company. C1 InformaTech Inc, Med Serv, Frederick, MD 21703 USA. Med Res & Mat Command, Ft Detrick, MD USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Patel, S (reprint author), InformaTech Inc, Telemed Serv, 5300 Westview Dr,Suite 408, Frederick, MD 21703 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0897-1889 J9 J DIGIT IMAGING JI J. Digit. Imaging PD MAY PY 2000 VL 13 IS 2 SU 1 BP 208 EP 210 PG 3 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 319KA UT WOS:000087339000055 PM 10847404 ER PT J AU Taylor, DN Cardenas, V Sanchez, JL Begue, RE Gilman, R Bautista, C Perez, J Puga, R Gaillour, A Meza, R Echeverria, P Sadoff, J AF Taylor, DN Cardenas, V Sanchez, JL Begue, RE Gilman, R Bautista, C Perez, J Puga, R Gaillour, A Meza, R Echeverria, P Sadoff, J TI Two-year study of the protective efficacy of the oral whole cell plus recombinant B subunit cholera vaccine in Peru SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Joint Conference of the US-Japan-Cooperative-Medical-Science-Program Cholera and Other Bacterial Enteric Infections CY DEC, 1997 CL ST PETERSBURG, FLORIDA SP US Japan Cooperat Med Sci Program ID FIELD TRIAL; SWEDISH VOLUNTEERS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; VIBRIO-CHOLERAE; FOLLOW-UP; IMMUNOGENICITY; BANGLADESH; IMMUNIZATION; RESPONSES; SAFETY AB The protective efficacy of an oral inactivated whole cell Vibrio cholerae plus recombinant B subunit cholera vaccine was determined against El Tor cholera among Peruvian children and adults (2-65 years old) in a randomized, double-blind manner. Study subjects received 2 doses of vaccine or placebo 2 weeks apart, followed by a booster dose 10 months later. Surveillance for cholera was performed actively, with 2 visits per week to each household, and passively, at a local hospital, Stool samples were collected during diarrhea episodes and were cultured for V. cholerae. A total of 17,799 persons received 2 doses of vaccine or placebo, and 14,997 of these persons received the booster dose, After 2 doses (first surveillance period), V. cholerae biotype O1 was isolated from 17 vaccinees and 16 placebo recipients, demonstrating vaccine efficacy (VE) of similar to 4%, After 3 doses (second surveillance period), V. cholerae O1 was isolated from 13 vaccinees and 32 placebo recipients, demonstrating VE of 61% (95% confidence interval [CI], 28%-79%), In the second surveillance period, the VE for illness requiring hospitalization was 82% (95% CI, 27%-96%). VE was also higher for persons >15 years old (VE, 72%; 95% CI, 28%-89%). C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Enter Infect, Div Communicable Dis & Immunol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. PRISMA, Lima, Peru. Naval Med Res Inst Detachment, Lima, Peru. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. RP Taylor, DN (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Enter Infect, Div Communicable Dis & Immunol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 32 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 181 IS 5 BP 1667 EP 1673 DI 10.1086/315462 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 319QV UT WOS:000087353700020 PM 10823767 ER PT J AU Anderson, GL Wang, KK Wereley, NM AF Anderson, GL Wang, KK Wereley, NM TI The Fourth US Army Research Office Workshop on Smart Structures SO JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT MATERIAL SYSTEMS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USA, Res Off, Engn Sci Div, Struct Mech Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Mech & Nucl Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Aerosp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Anderson, GL (reprint author), USA, Res Off, Engn Sci Div, Struct Mech Branch, POB 12211, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TECHNOMIC PUBL CO INC PI LANCASTER PA 851 NEW HOLLAND AVE, BOX 3535, LANCASTER, PA 17604 USA SN 1045-389X J9 J INTEL MAT SYST STR JI J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 11 IS 5 BP 327 EP 327 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 413QP UT WOS:000167623500001 ER PT J AU El-Sherif, M Fidanboylu, K El-Sherif, D Gafsi, R Yuan, J Richards, K Lee, C AF El-Sherif, M Fidanboylu, K El-Sherif, D Gafsi, R Yuan, J Richards, K Lee, C TI A novel fiber optic system for measuring the dynamic structural behavior of parachutes SO JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT MATERIAL SYSTEMS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Workshop on Smart Structures CY AUG 16-18, 1999 CL PENN STATE UNIV, UNIVERSITY PK, PENNSYLVANIA SP USA, Off Res HO PENN STATE UNIV AB A novel approach has been developed for real-time characterization of a parachute during inflation. Two techniques were applied to measure static and dynamic stresses in a parachute canopy fabric material and suspension lines: the modal power distribution (MPD) technique and the fiber Bragg grating (FBG) technique. Several tests were conducted under various loading conditions, using a bi-axial tensile tester. The MPD technique was used to measure the transverse stresses in the parachute canopy fabric material and was applied using two experimental set-ups: one using a CCD camera and the other using a photo-detector. The FBG technique was used to measure the axial stresses in the parachute canopy fabric material. The tests were performed using the spectrum analyzer set-up with the bi-axial machine. Finally, a drop test was performed on the parachute canopy fabric material using the MPD technique with the photo-detector set-up. C1 Drexel Univ, Coll Engn, Fiber Opt & Photon Mfg Engn Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Photon Labs Inc, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. USA, Soldier & Biol Chem Command, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP El-Sherif, M (reprint author), Drexel Univ, Coll Engn, Fiber Opt & Photon Mfg Engn Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. NR 8 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU TECHNOMIC PUBL CO INC PI LANCASTER PA 851 NEW HOLLAND AVE, BOX 3535, LANCASTER, PA 17604 USA SN 1045-389X J9 J INTEL MAT SYST STR JI J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 11 IS 5 BP 351 EP 359 DI 10.1177/104538900772664693 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 413QP UT WOS:000167623500004 ER PT J AU Farr, JV LeBoeuf, EJ AF Farr, JV LeBoeuf, EJ TI Simple Services, Inc.: A case study in ownership transition SO JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB Because of the competitive nature of the engineering profession, combined with the approaching retirement age of many owners, transition of ownership for small-to-mediumsized consulting firms is an important issue within the civil engineering community. This fictional case study presents background information along with a typical income-and-balance sheet for a small consulting firm that its owner wishes to sell. Ownership transition options, to include employee ownership (transfer to several key employees), employee stock option plans, and purchase by another company, are explored by three reviewers experienced in the field of ownership transition. These reviewers present their analysis of how much the company is worth and how to maximize profits from the selling of the company. They also provide insight into how to prepare for the sale of a company. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Sys Engrg, W Point, NY 10996 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Civ & Evir Engrg, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RP Farr, JV (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Sys Engrg, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA SN 0742-597X J9 J MANAGE ENG JI J. Manage. Eng. PD MAY-JUN PY 2000 VL 16 IS 3 BP 68 EP 77 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0742-597X(2000)16:3(68) PG 10 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 306AU UT WOS:000086574600036 ER PT J AU Stromdahl, EY Randolph, MP O'Brien, JJ Gutierrez, AG AF Stromdahl, EY Randolph, MP O'Brien, JJ Gutierrez, AG TI Ehrlichia chaffeensis (Rickettsiales : Ehrlichieae) infection in Amblyomma americanum (Acari : Ixodidae) at Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Amblyomma americanum; Ehrlichia chaffeensis; polymerase chain reaction; human monocytic ehrlichiosis; Maryland ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; ODOCOILEUS-VIRGINIANUS; ETIOLOGIC AGENT; UNITED-STATES; TICKS; RESERVOIR; STRAINS AB Human monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME) is a sometimes fatal, emerging tick-borne disease caused by the bacterium Ehrlichia chaffeensis. It is frequently misdiagnosed because its symptoms mimic those of the flu. Current evidence indicates that Amblyomma americanum (L.), the lone star tick, is the major vector of HME. To determine if E. chaffeensis is present in ticks at Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, questing A. americanum ticks were collected from 33 sites. Nucleic acid was extracted from 34 adult and 81 nymphal pools. Sequences diagnostic for E. chaffeensis from three different loci (16S rRNA, 120-kDa protein, and a variable-length polymerase chain reaction [PCR] target, or VLPT) were targeted for amplification by the PCR. Fifty-two percent of the collection sites yielded pools infected with E. chaffeensis, confirming the presence and widespread distribution of E. chaffeensis at Aberdeen Proving Ground. Analysis with the both the 120-kDa protein primers and the VLPT primers showed that genetic variance exists. A novel combination of variance for the two loci was detected in two tick pools. The pathogenic implications of genetic variation in E, chaffeensis are as yet unknown. C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Entomol Sci Program, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. USA Garrison Fitzsimmons, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med W, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. RP Stromdahl, EY (reprint author), USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Entomol Sci Program, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 32 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 37 IS 3 BP 349 EP 356 DI 10.1603/0022-2585(2000)037[0349:ECREII]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 359RE UT WOS:000089625200010 PM 15535577 ER PT J AU Dohm, DJ Rowton, ED Lawyer, PG O'Guinn, M Turell, MJ AF Dohm, DJ Rowton, ED Lawyer, PG O'Guinn, M Turell, MJ TI Laboratory transmission of Rift Valley fever virus by Phlebotomus duboscqi, Phlebotomus papatasi, Phlebotomus sergenti, and Sergentomyia schwetzi (Diptera : Psychodidae) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Phlebotomus papatasi; Phlebotomus duboscqi; Phlebotomus sergenti; Sergentomyia schwetzi; Rift Valley fever virus; vector competency ID GENUS PHLEBOVIRUS; CULEX-PIPIENS; EGYPT 1977-78; VECTOR; KENYA AB We examined the potential for Phlebotomus papatasi (Scopoli), Phlebotomus duboscqi (Neveu-Lemarie), Phlebotomus sergenti (Parrot), and Sergentomyia schwetzi (Adler, Theodor, & Parrot) to transmit Rift Valley fever (RVF) virus. After. feeding on hamsters that had been inoculated with RVF virus. P. papatasi, P. sergenti, and S. schwetzi became infected and developed disseminated infections. All P, papatasi and P, duboscqi inoculated with RVF virus developed high-titer infections. In contrast, only 41% of the inoculated S. schwetzi contained detectable virus, and infected individuals contained significantly less virus than the two Phlebotomus species. Although 50% of the inoculated P. duboscqi transmitted RVF virus to hamsters, only 14% of P. papatasi and none of the S, schwetzi transmitted this virus. Additional studies are needed to determine the role of sand flies as vectors of RVF virus. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Dohm, DJ (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, 1425 Porter St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RI Rowton, Edgar/A-4474-2012; Rowton, Edgar/A-1975-2011 OI Rowton, Edgar/0000-0002-1979-1485 NR 20 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 37 IS 3 BP 435 EP 438 DI 10.1603/0022-2585(2000)037[0435:LTORVF]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 359RE UT WOS:000089625200022 PM 15535589 ER PT J AU Callahan, CW AF Callahan, CW TI Untitled SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC SURGERY LA English DT Letter C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Callahan, CW (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0022-3468 J9 J PEDIATR SURG JI J. Pediatr. Surg. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 35 IS 5 BP 808 EP 808 PG 1 WC Pediatrics; Surgery SC Pediatrics; Surgery GA 310FL UT WOS:000086815800039 PM 10813355 ER PT J AU Tanur, E McQuade, MJ McPherson, JC Al-Hashimi, IH Rivera-Hidalgo, F AF Tanur, E McQuade, MJ McPherson, JC Al-Hashimi, IH Rivera-Hidalgo, F TI Effects of nicotine on the strength of attachment of gingival fibroblasts to glass and non-diseased human root surfaces SO JOURNAL OF PERIODONTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fibroblasts; nicotine; cell attachment; glass; tooth root ID CIGARETTE-SMOKING; IN-VITRO; PERIODONTAL-DISEASE; COTININE; INVITRO; SMOKERS AB Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of nicotine on the strength of attachment of human gingival fibroblast cells to glass and non-diseased human root surfaces. Methods: Human gingival fibroblast cells (HGF) were trypsinized, suspended in RPMI 1640 medium, and incubated with autoclaved human root and glass sections and nicotine (NIC) concentrations of 0 (control), 25, 50, and 100 ng/ml for 1 week. HGF attached and grew on glass and root surfaces for 4 weeks at all NIC concentrations. HGF cultures were subjected to a rotary shaker machine for 30 minutes to test the strength of attachment of these cells at 100, 150, and 200 rpm. The root and glass sections were examined at 48 hours by light microscopy. Results: Control groups exhibited a monolayer of long, spindle-shaped fibroblasts with a parallel alignment and minimal overlapping. With a concentration of NIC of 50 or 100 ng/ml as well as with increasing "speeds," the number of cells attached to these surfaces decreased dramatically. When 200 rpm was used for both groups at all NIC concentrations, very few HGF remained attached to these surfaces. Conclusions: This study showed that the nature of cell attachment to either glass or root surfaces is altered by nicotine, and marked detachment was noted when nicotine exposure was coupled with vigorous agitation at different rpm. Marked detachment noted in all specimens at 200 rpm indicates that this speed is excessive for use in subsequent experimentation. C1 Texas A&M Univ Syst, Baylor Coll Dent, Dept Periodont, Dallas, TX 75266 USA. Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Ft Gordon, GA USA. RP Tanur, E (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ Syst, Baylor Coll Dent, Dept Periodont, POB 660677, Dallas, TX 75266 USA. NR 21 TC 20 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PERIODONTOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA 737 NORTH MICHIGAN AVENUE, SUITE 800, CHICAGO, IL 60611-2690 USA SN 0022-3492 J9 J PERIODONTOL JI J. Periodont. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 71 IS 5 BP 717 EP 722 DI 10.1902/jop.2000.71.5.717 PG 6 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 411GF UT WOS:000167489300005 PM 10872951 ER PT J AU Hokett, SD Cuenin, MF O'Neal, RB Brennan, WA Strong, SL Runner, RR McPherson, JC Van Dyke, TE AF Hokett, SD Cuenin, MF O'Neal, RB Brennan, WA Strong, SL Runner, RR McPherson, JC Van Dyke, TE TI Pluronic polyol effects on human gingival fibroblast attachment and growth SO JOURNAL OF PERIODONTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fibroblasts; wound healing; gingival attachment; pluronic polyols; surface-active agents ID PERIODONTAL-LIGAMENT CELLS; F-127 GELS; TISSUE; INVITRO; DENTIN; REGENERATION; FIBRONECTIN; INTERFACE; ROOTS; F68 AB Background: Enhanced speed of human gingival fibroblast (HGF) spreading and attachment, as affected by ionic bonding interactions, may facilitate cell orientation and subsequent collagen synthesis to promote early wound healing. The purpose of this study was to determine the in vitro effects of pluronic polyols, a family of widely used surfactants currently used as drug carriers for antibiotic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-neoplastic agents, on the attachment and growth of human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) to dentin and plastic surfaces using established tissue culture techniques, Methods: Plastic culture wells containing Eagle's minimal essential media (EMEM) with 10% fetal calf serum and Pluronic F-68 or F-127 in concentrations from 1.2 x 10(-2) to 1.2 x 10(-10) M were incubated with HGF and run in replicates of ten. Attached cells were quantified by measuring the optical density of methylene blue-stained cells. Additional experiments were conducted using human dentin sections as a substrate and Pluronic F-68 or F-127 at a concentration of 1.2 x 10(-8) M. In these experiments, HGF were stained with acridine orange and quantified per unit area of dentin by fluorescence microscopy. Results: Attachment and growth of HGF to both plastic and dentin were significantly increased over serum controls by very low concentrations of Pluronic F-68 and F-127 by 30 minutes, with attachment reaching a plateau at 2 hours, Conclusions: Pluronic polyols, a family of widely used surfactants, in very low dosages may be beneficial in early postsurgical wound healing by facilitating early attachment and enhancing the growth rate of human gingival fibroblasts. C1 USA, Periodont Residency Program, Dent Act, Tingay Dent Clin, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Periodont, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. DD Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Ft Gordon, GA USA. Boston Univ, Goldman Sch Grad Dent, Dept Periodont, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Hokett, SD (reprint author), USA, Periodont Residency Program, Dent Act, Tingay Dent Clin, Bldg 320,E Hosp Rd, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. EM steven.hokett@se.amedd.army.mil NR 33 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD PERIODONTOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA 737 NORTH MICHIGAN AVENUE, SUITE 800, CHICAGO, IL 60611-2690 USA SN 0022-3492 J9 J PERIODONTOL JI J. Periodont. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 71 IS 5 BP 803 EP 809 DI 10.1902/jop.2000.71.5.803 PG 7 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 411GF UT WOS:000167489300017 PM 10872963 ER PT J AU Leek, MR Dubno, JR He, NJ Ahlstrom, JB AF Leek, MR Dubno, JR He, NJ Ahlstrom, JB TI Experience with a yes-no single-interval maximum-likelihood procedure SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article AB The report in 1993 by Green [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 93, 2096-2105 (1993)] describing the application of a new psychophysical method requiring few trials and little time to measure auditory thresholds has generated considerable interest among experimentalists. The procedure uses a single-interval stimulus presentation, requests a yes-no decision by subjects, and implements a maximum-likelihood calculation to determine the next trial stimulus level within an adaptive track, as well as the final threshold estimate. Data are presented here describing separate experiences with this procedure in two laboratories in both detection and discrimination tasks. Issues addressed include comparisons with more traditional psychophysical methods, variability in threshold estimates, experimental time required, and possible minor modifications to improve the basic procedure. Results using this procedure are comparable in terms of variability of estimates to those emerging from more lengthy procedures. However, because it may be difficult for some listeners to maintain a consistent criterion and because attentional lapses may be costly, experimenters must be willing to monitor performance closely and repeat some tracks in cases where excessively high variability is noted. Further, this procedure may not be suitable for tasks for which the form of the psychometric function is not well-established. Modifications allowing a variable slope parameter in the maximum-likelihood evaluations of psychometric functions may be of benefit. (C) 2000 Acoustical Society of America. [S001-4966(00)03305-1]. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Army Audiol & Speech Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. RP Leek, MR (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Army Audiol & Speech Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. FU NIDCD NIH HHS [R01 DC00184, P50 DC00422, R01 DC00626] NR 11 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 107 IS 5 BP 2674 EP 2684 DI 10.1121/1.428653 PN 1 PG 11 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 312WX UT WOS:000086967900037 PM 10830389 ER PT J AU Laws, RA Wilde, JL Grabski, WJ AF Laws, RA Wilde, JL Grabski, WJ TI Surgical Pearl: Scroll-shaped electrode for electrodesiccation of actinic cheilitis SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Laws, RA (reprint author), Dermatol Serv, Ft Stewart, GA 31313 USA. NR 3 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0190-9622 J9 J AM ACAD DERMATOL JI J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 42 IS 5 BP 827 EP 828 DI 10.1067/mjd.2000.103982 PN 1 PG 2 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 313FH UT WOS:000086989300019 PM 10775862 ER PT J AU Sheets, JT Rossi, CA Kearney, BJ Moore, GE AF Sheets, JT Rossi, CA Kearney, BJ Moore, GE TI Evaluation of a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Borrelia burgdorferi exposure in dogs SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID LYME-DISEASE; ANTIBODY AB Objective-To evaluate the effectiveness of a commercially available ELISA kit for detecting antibodies against Borrelia burgdonferi in dogs. Sample Population-Banked sera from 440 military working dogs were used for serologic analyses. Procedure-Serum samples were analyzed for antibodies against B burgdorferi by use of a commercially available ELISA and subsequently by western blot analysis as a confirmatory test. Results-Results from the ELISA indicated that 89 (20%) samples were positive for exposure to B burgdorferi or canine Lyme disease vaccine, and 351 (80%) were negative. Follow-up testing by western blot analysis indicated that results for 109 (25%) samples were positive and 331 (75%) were negative for exposure. All samples that had positive results on the ELISA also had positive results on western blot analysis (true positives). Of the 351 samples that had negative results on the ELISA, only 331 had negative results on western blot analysis (true negatives). The remaining 20 samples had positive results on western blot analysis. By use of a standard 2 x 2 table, it was determined that the ELISA had a sensitivity of 82%, specificity of 100%, positive predictive value of 100%, and negative predictive value of 94%. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-The commercial ELISA kit evaluated in this study appeared to lack adequate sensitivity for detecting ail potential cases of borreliosis in dogs. The ELISA was also unable to discriminate natural exposure from exposure attributable to vaccination, which could complicate interpretation of positive results and treatment of dogs with clinical signs. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Vet Med Div, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Diagnost Syst Div, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Geo Ctr Inc, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Mil Working Dog Vet Serv, US Dept Def, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Sheets, JT (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Vet Med Div, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 15 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 1 PY 2000 VL 216 IS 9 BP 1418 EP 1422 DI 10.2460/javma.2000.216.1418 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 308DH UT WOS:000086694900022 PM 10800512 ER PT J AU Wolfenstine, J Huang, P Petric, A AF Wolfenstine, J Huang, P Petric, A TI High-temperature mechanical behavior of the solid-state electrolyte: La0.8Sr0.2Ga0..85Mg0.15O2.825 SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID DOPED LAGAO3 PEROVSKITE; LANTHANUM GALLATE; OXIDE; CREEP; SUPERPLASTICITY; CONDUCTOR AB The creep behavior of fine-grained La0.8Sr0.2Ga0.85Mg0.15O2.825 (LSGM-2015) was investigated over the temperature: range 1200 to 1300 degrees C in air. The bi ief creep transients, value of the stress exponent close to unity, absence of deformation-induced dislocations, and lack of grain-shape change due to deformation suggest that the creep behavior of LSGM-2015 is controlled by grain boundary sliding accommodated by diffusion. The value of the grain-size exponent close to two indicates that the late-controlling step is lattice diffusion. A comparison of the activation energy for creep with activation energies determined by ionic conductivity, oxygen tracer diffusion, and theoretical predictions reveal that the creep rate of LSGM-2015 is controlled by cation lattice diffusion. (C) 2000 The Electrochemical Society. S0013-4651(99)11-001-2. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Global Thermoelect Inc, Calgary, AB T2C 2L8, Canada. McMaster Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada. RP Wolfenstine, J (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 22 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 147 IS 5 BP 1668 EP 1670 DI 10.1149/1.1393415 PG 3 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 314UD UT WOS:000087075200010 ER PT J AU Ding, MS Xu, K Jow, TR AF Ding, MS Xu, K Jow, TR TI Liquid-solid phase diagrams of binary carbonates for lithium batteries SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB We present the liquid-solid phase diagrams that we mapped with a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) for the following seven binary carbonates: dimethyl carbonate (DMC)-ethylene carbonate (EC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC)-EC, EMC-propylene carbonate (PC), EMC-dimethyl ethylene carbonate (DMEC), EMC-isobutylene carbonate (iBC), PC-EC, and EMC-DMC. Many of these are among the most frequently used solvent systems for making the nonaqueous electrolytes fur lithium batteries. The phase diagrams of these carbonate systems are all of the simple eutectic type but with vastly different particular features. Comparison of these phase diagrams shows that to expand the liquid region of a carbonate system toward low temperature, the two components of the system need to have comparable melting temperatures and compatible molecular structures. These results are consistent with thermodynamic considerations and have significant practical implications. (C) 2000 The Electrochemical Society. S0013-4651(99)08-117-3. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Ding, MS (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Xu, Kang/C-6054-2013 NR 14 TC 59 Z9 62 U1 3 U2 34 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 147 IS 5 BP 1688 EP 1694 DI 10.1149/1.1393419 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 314UD UT WOS:000087075200014 ER PT J AU Newman, PG Pamulapati, J Shen, H Taysing-Lara, M Liu, J Chang, W Simonis, G Koley, B Dagenais, M Feld, S Loehr, J AF Newman, PG Pamulapati, J Shen, H Taysing-Lara, M Liu, J Chang, W Simonis, G Koley, B Dagenais, M Feld, S Loehr, J TI Molecular beam epitaxial growth of vertical cavity surface emitting lasers with digital alloys and digital gradings SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th North American Conference on Molecular Beam Epitaxy CY OCT 10-13, 1999 CL BANFF, CANADA AB Electrical resistance through vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) grown by molecular beam epitaxy is generally higher than in VCSELs grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). The better performance of MOCVD-grown material is attributed to the fact that MOCVD can continuously grade the composition between the high index (narrow band gap) and low index (wide band gap) materials that constitute the Bragg mirror stack. This leads to a lower resistance for the charge to traverse through the mirror stack. Ln addition, the oxidation of VCSEL apertures dramatically reduces threshold current I-th; however, the oxidation process requires a low index layer with a high aluminum mole fraction for reasonable oxidation rates and for good material stability. The MOCVD process benefits from its ability to tailor the high mole fraction AlGaAs material that is crucial for creating the oxide apertures. The majority of these problems can be alleviated using digital alloys and digital grades. C1 USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Elect Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Sensors Directorate, AFRL,SNDD, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Newman, PG (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 5 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD MAY-JUN PY 2000 VL 18 IS 3 BP 1619 EP 1622 DI 10.1116/1.591439 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 325AM UT WOS:000087654200099 ER PT J AU Bradshaw, JL Bruno, JD Pham, JT Wortman, DE Yang, RQ AF Bradshaw, JL Bruno, JD Pham, JT Wortman, DE Yang, RQ TI Midinfrared type-II interband cascade lasers SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th North American Conference on Molecular Beam Epitaxy CY OCT 10-13, 1999 CL BANFF, CANADA ID QUANTUM-WELLS AB We describe the progress made in the development of type-II interband cascade lasers emitting in the midinfrared (3.8-3.9 mu m) spectral region. Three nominally similar molecular beam epitaxy growths on substrates from different vendors show qualitatively different electrical and optical properties. The devices tested show significant improvements over previously reported results with respect to differential external quantum efficiency (similar to 500%), peak power (>4 W/facet), peak power conversion efficiency (similar to 7%), maximum operating temperature (217 K), and continuous-wave operation. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Bradshaw, JL (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Bradshaw, John/E-8330-2011 NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD MAY-JUN PY 2000 VL 18 IS 3 BP 1628 EP 1632 DI 10.1116/1.591441 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 325AM UT WOS:000087654200101 ER PT J AU Needham, JT Watkins, DW Lund, JR Nanda, SK AF Needham, JT Watkins, DW Lund, JR Nanda, SK TI Linear programming for flood control in the Iowa and Des Moines rivers SO JOURNAL OF WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT-ASCE LA English DT Article ID RESERVOIR-SYSTEM; OPTIMIZATION; OPERATION; MODELS AB This study addresses questions related to flood-control operating procedures followed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Rock Island District. Application is presented of a mixed integer linear programming model for a reservoir system analysis of three U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' projects on the Iowa and Des Moines rivers. A strategy for evaluating the value of coordinated reservoir operations is developed. Results of this study suggest that operating Coralville Reservoir, on the Iowa River, for flood control on the Mississippi River does not provide appreciable benefits and, therefore, an operation plan coordinating releases from Coralville Reservoir with the two reservoirs on the Des Moines River may be unnecessary. Damage-minimizing results were obtained by operating the three reservoirs independently for 8 of the 10 largest hood events on record. Also, a review of the operating procedures for the hood of 1993 illustrates how much damage could have been reduced if inflows could be predicted months in advance or if the existing operating rules were more averse to extreme flood events. C1 David Ford Consulting Engineers, Sacramento, CA 95816 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Washington, DC 20310 USA. Hydrol Engn Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Needham, JT (reprint author), David Ford Consulting Engineers, Sacramento, CA 95816 USA. NR 20 TC 72 Z9 75 U1 3 U2 23 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA SN 0733-9496 J9 J WATER RES PL-ASCE JI J. Water Resour. Plan. Manage.-ASCE PD MAY-JUN PY 2000 VL 126 IS 3 BP 118 EP 127 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(2000)126:3(118) PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 306HT UT WOS:000086591800003 ER PT J AU Olsen, JR Beling, PA Lambert, JH AF Olsen, JR Beling, PA Lambert, JH TI Dynamic models for floodplain management SO JOURNAL OF WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT-ASCE LA English DT Article ID RESERVOIR; OPERATION AB A dynamic model of floodplain management is shown to address nonstationary conditions, including land-use changes, channel modifications, economic development, and climate change and variability. The dynamic approach permits zoning, levee construction, and other decisions to be made sequentially, rather than only at the present. The dynamic model is formulated as a Markov decision process. A single-floodplain, single-objective, stationary model is extended to include multiple floodplains, nonstationarity, and multiple objectives. Linear programming is used for solution, though the problem may be large. The model is applied to a problem at Chester Creek, Pa. The optimal policy for levee building or replacement is found to depend on if a flood has just occurred and on the costs of buying out property owners and rebuilding homes and levees. Two cases of nonstationarity are examined, future bridge construction and future hydrologic changes. With nonstationarity, buyout of property owners following levee overtopping is an optimal policy since increased future flooding reduces the expected benefits of structural flood measures. When economic development is included with management costs and flood damages in a multiobjective formulation, the optimal policies include building larger levees and increasing floodplain development. C1 Univ Virginia, Dept Syst Engn, Ctr Risk Management Engn Syst, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Inst Water Resourc, CEWRC IWR P, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. RP Beling, PA (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Syst Engn, Ctr Risk Management Engn Syst, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. NR 25 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 14 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA SN 0733-9496 J9 J WATER RES PL-ASCE JI J. Water Resour. Plan. Manage.-ASCE PD MAY-JUN PY 2000 VL 126 IS 3 BP 167 EP 175 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(2000)126:3(167) PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 306HT UT WOS:000086591800008 ER PT J AU Hayes, DF Crockett, TR Ward, TJ Averett, D AF Hayes, DF Crockett, TR Ward, TJ Averett, D TI Sediment resuspension during cutterhead dredging operations SO JOURNAL OF WATERWAY PORT COASTAL AND OCEAN ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article AB Sediments suspended during dredging operations impair water quality and can transport hydrophobic contaminants downstream. Suspended sediment transport models are available, but require an estimate of the rate of sediment resuspension resulting from the dredging operations. in this study, data from cutterhead suction dodging operations, an assessment of sediment resuspension mechanics during cutterhead suction dredging operations, and dimensional analysis are combined to develop empirical models of suspended sediment generation. The usefulness of the models for making a priori estimates of sediment resuspension rates associated with other cutterhead dredging operations is discussed. The sensitivity of the empirical models to variations in physical and operational parameters is investigated. C1 Univ Utah, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. HDR Engn, Omaha, NE 68114 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Civil Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Envir Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Hayes, DF (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. NR 16 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA SN 0733-950X J9 J WATERW PORT C-ASCE JI J. Waterw. Port Coast. Ocean Eng.-ASCE PD MAY-JUN PY 2000 VL 126 IS 3 BP 153 EP 161 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-950X(2000)126:3(153) PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 306FV UT WOS:000086587400006 ER PT J AU Burgess, EB AF Burgess, EB TI The marines of autumn: A novel of the Korean War. SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, Combined Arms Res Lib, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. RP Burgess, EB (reprint author), USA, Combined Arms Res Lib, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD MAY 1 PY 2000 VL 125 IS 8 BP 152 EP 152 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 317DB UT WOS:000087210100235 ER PT J AU Burgess, EB AF Burgess, EB TI Dog company six. SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, Combined Arms Res Lib, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. RP Burgess, EB (reprint author), USA, Combined Arms Res Lib, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD MAY 1 PY 2000 VL 125 IS 8 BP 152 EP 152 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 317DB UT WOS:000087210100236 ER PT J AU Tidrow, MZ AF Tidrow, MZ TI Device physics and state-of-the-art of quantum well infrared photodetectors and arrays SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING B-SOLID STATE MATERIALS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Low Dimensional Structures and Devices (LDSD 99) CY SEP 15-17, 1999 CL ANTALYA, TURKEY DE QWIP; IR detector; focal plane array; thermal imaging ID 8-12 MU-M; MULTIQUANTUM WELL; DETECTOR; GAAS/ALGAAS; WAVELENGTH; SUPERLATTICE; SENSITIVITY; TRANSITION; TRANSPORT; LIGHT AB Quantum well infrared photodetectors (QWIPs) have been developed very quickly and large format focal plane arrays with low noise equivalent temperature difference, and high uniformity and operability have been demonstrated. Using high quality GaAs material systems, QWIPs have the potential for high production yield, low cost and low power consumption. QWIP's multicolor detection capability makes it especially attractive for advanced infrared sensor systems. The basic device physics and detector design of QWIP structures will be given in this paper. A brief comparison of QWIPs with HgCdTe detectors will be discussed, and the state-of-the-art of the QWIP focal plane array technology will be presented. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Tidrow, MZ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 44 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5107 J9 MAT SCI ENG B-SOLID JI Mater. Sci. Eng. B-Solid State Mater. Adv. Technol. PD MAY 1 PY 2000 VL 74 IS 1-3 BP 45 EP 51 DI 10.1016/S0921-5107(99)00532-2 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 308ZD UT WOS:000086742000010 ER PT J AU Smallridge, RC Czervionke, LF Fellows, DW Bernet, VJ AF Smallridge, RC Czervionke, LF Fellows, DW Bernet, VJ TI Corticotropin- and thyrotropin-secreting pituitary microadenomas: Detection by dynamic magnetic resonance imaging SO MAYO CLINIC PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Article ID INFERIOR PETROSAL SINUS; ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE SYNDROME; CUSHINGS-SYNDROME SECONDARY; ECTOPIC ACTH SYNDROME; DIFFERENTIAL-DIAGNOSIS; SPIN-ECHO; MR; DISEASE; ADENOMAS; DEXAMETHASONE AB Hormone-secreting pituitary microadenomas are often not visible on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), Diagnosis requires confirmatory endocrine test results and often an invasive procedure, inferior petrosal sinus sampling (IPSS), Improved pituitary imaging may eliminate the need for IPSS in some patients, as shown in the 2 women in this report. The first patient with hirsutism, weight gain, and hypertension had intermittent elevations of urinary free cortisol, abnormal results on a low-dose dexamethasone suppression test, and positive results on a dexamethasone-suppressed ovine corticotropin-releasing hormone test (corticotropin, increase of 122%; cortisol, increase of 118%), Gadolinium-enhanced MRI showed no focal lesion, but dynamic MRI (sequential images beginning immediately after contrast injection) revealed a right-sided 5-mm microadenoma, confirmed by transsphenoidal surgery. The second patient had a goiter, anxiety, increased free thyroxine and triiodothyronine levels, and a normal thyrotropin value with no response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone. Magnetic resonance imaging showed no lesion, but dynamic MRI detected an 8-mm microadenoma. Although about 8% to 10% of healthy persons have incidental pituitary lesions that are 3 mm or larger on MRI, identification of a distinct lesion and positive results on a dexamethasone-suppressed ovine corticotropin-releasing hormone test should decrease the probability of a false-positive result on an imaging study. We recommend that dynamic MRI be performed in any patient with a suspected microadenoma, before IPSS is performed. C1 Mayo Clin Jacksonville, Div Endocrinol, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA. Mayo Clin Jacksonville, Dept Diagnost Radiol, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Div Endocrinol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Smallridge, RC (reprint author), Mayo Clin Jacksonville, Div Endocrinol, 4500 San Pablo Rd, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA. NR 45 TC 7 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU MAYO CLINIC PROCEEDINGS PI ROCHESTER PA 660 SIEBENS BLDG MAYO CLINIC, ROCHESTER, MN 55905 USA SN 0025-6196 J9 MAYO CLIN PROC JI Mayo Clin. Proc. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 75 IS 5 BP 521 EP 528 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 311BG UT WOS:000086864100015 PM 10807083 ER PT J AU Bellamy, RF AF Bellamy, RF TI Why is marine combat mortality less than that of the army? SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Joint Staff (J-4), Medical Readiness Division, Department-of-Defense CY MAR 16-17, 1998 CL ARLINGTON, VIRGINIA SP Dept Def, Div Med Readiness AB Data from recent wars indicate that a wounded Marine had a 20% lower risk of dying than an Army soldier. Possible reasons for this difference are (1) Navy care is superior, (2) soldiers sustained more severe wounds, and (3) the services count casualties differently. Injury severity was measured in random samples of Marines and soldiers that were selected from the Wound Data and Munitions Effectiveness Team database, There was no difference in the lethality of injury and the prevalence of lifesaving first aid. Wounded Marines were more likely to wear protective vests, and this decreased Marine mortality in Vietnam. Hospitalized Marines had lower Injury Severity Scores and were less likely to be returned to duty without first being admitted to a medical treatment facility. Lower Marine combat mortality is primarily the result of the fact that a Marine with a minor soft tissue wound was more likely to be hospitalized than was a soldier with a similar injury. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Borden Inst, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Bellamy, RF (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Borden Inst, Bldg 11,Suite 1-117, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 11 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 165 IS 5 BP 362 EP 367 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 314WC UT WOS:000087079700006 PM 10826383 ER PT J AU Horowitz, NJ Kerns, DG Davies, W AF Horowitz, NJ Kerns, DG Davies, W TI The incidence of known diabetics among US army active duty dental patients SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PERIODONTAL-DISEASE; MELLITUS; COLLAGEN AB Diabetes affects an estimated 16 million Americans. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of known diabetes among active duty soldiers by reviewing medications dispensed for diabetes at a large military installation. This study was conducted from July 31, 1997, through August 1, 1998. Fifty-eight (0.18%) members of the total active duty male population of 32,593 had been dispensed diabetes medications, whereas 43 (0.48%) members of the total female active duty population of 8,898 had been dispensed medications for diabetes, Gestational diabetes was the cause for 88.37% of the total active duty females dispensed diabetic medication at Fort Hood, Texas. The female-to-male ratio for diabetes was 2.7:1. Diabetics made up 0.27% of the total population. C1 USA, Dent Activ, Billy Johnson Dent Clin, Ft Hood, TX 76544 USA. RP Horowitz, NJ (reprint author), USA, Dent Activ, Billy Johnson Dent Clin, Ft Hood, TX 76544 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 165 IS 5 BP 368 EP 371 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 314WC UT WOS:000087079700007 PM 10826384 ER PT J AU Calkins, MD Snow, C Costello, M Bentley, TB AF Calkins, MD Snow, C Costello, M Bentley, TB TI Evaluation of possible battlefield tourniquet systems for the far-forward setting SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB A significant number of casualties in previous conflicts died from peripheral vascular wounds. A well-designed tourniquet could possibly have prevented these deaths. The objective of this study was the identification of such a tourniquet. A survey of Special Operations corpsmen established important characteristics necessary in an ideal tourniquet. Because most available devices do not and patented ideas could not meet these criteria, a number of prototypes were developed. Seven potentially satisfactory tourniquets were evaluated by 15 Navy SEAL corpsmen. The success and timing of placement were recorded, and a follow-up questionnaire was completed. Of the several successful tourniquets, two were preferred. Tourniquets incorporating a windlass technique take longer to place and often fail when placed with only one hand. New, relatively simple tourniquet devices incorporating bladder and ratchet mechanisms can significantly improve tourniquet performance. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Resuscitat Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Calkins, MD (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Resuscitat Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 3 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 165 IS 5 BP 379 EP 384 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 314WC UT WOS:000087079700009 PM 10826386 ER PT J AU Lescault, E Mulligan, J Williams, G AF Lescault, E Mulligan, J Williams, G TI Congenital radioulnar synostosis in an active duty soldier: Case report and literature review SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Congenital radioulnar synostosis (CRS) is a developmental deformity that interferes with pronation and supination of the upper extremity. CRS often results in functional, cosmetic, and cultural limitations. The purpose of this paper is to present a patient with CRS who is currently functioning as a generator mechanic in the U.S. Army and to review the literature for current treatment options. We know of no other individual in the U.S. Army who is on active duty status with this deformity. C1 USA, Kirk Hlth Clin, Gen Med Serv, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Lescault, E (reprint author), USA, Kirk Hlth Clin, Gen Med Serv, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 165 IS 5 BP 425 EP 428 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 314WC UT WOS:000087079700017 PM 10826394 ER PT J AU Schomer, PD AF Schomer, PD TI Proposed revisions to room noise criteria SO NOISE CONTROL ENGINEERING JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID BUILDINGS AB The 1995 American National Standard, Criteria for Evaluating Room Noise, presents two sets of room noise criteria curves; one termed NCB and the other RC. The two sets of room criterion curves each are based on data and theory, and each is correct for a specific set of situations. These two sets of criterion curves depart most markedly from one another at low frequencies and low sound levels. The RC curves set criteria levels that are below the threshold of hearing. This is done to protect against modern, energy efficient HVAC systems that generate large turbulent fluctuations at low frequencies and can include fan surging with concomitant noise level surging of 10 dB or more. The NCB curves set criteria levels that are based on "well-behaved" HVAC systems-systems where turbulence generation is minimized and fan surging does not exist. As such, these criteria are inappropriate, alone, for a standard. Based on the theory of hearing, this paper presents suggestions for a set of criteria curves termed RNC that do not "penalize" a well-designed system,and, at the same time prevent a turbulence-producing fan-surging HVAC system from meeting the criteria of acceptability. Using the RNC methodology, the requirements for good designs are substantially the same as given by the NCB method, However, the proposed RNC criteria and procedures penalize acoustical designs that generate much turbulence and low-frequency surging. Thus, through penalties, the RNC criteria can delineate and eliminate designs that generate much turbulence and low-frequency surging. These penalties can approach 15 dB in the 31-Hz octave band. Also, the tangent method used with RC and desired by many, has been retained in the RNC methodology. (C) 2000 Institute of Noise Control Engineering. C1 USA, ERDC, Construct Engn Res Lab, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. RP Schomer, PD (reprint author), USA, ERDC, Construct Engn Res Lab, POB 9005, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. NR 6 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST NOISE CONTROL ENG PI POUGHKEEPSIE PA PO BOX 3206 ARLINGTON BRANCH, POUGHKEEPSIE, NY 12603 USA SN 0736-2501 J9 NOISE CONTROL ENG J JI Noise Control Eng. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2000 VL 48 IS 3 BP 85 EP 96 DI 10.3397/1.2827970 PG 12 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Acoustics; Engineering GA 330LU UT WOS:000087964200002 ER PT J AU Handy, EM Rao, MV Holland, OW Jones, KA Chi, PH AF Handy, EM Rao, MV Holland, OW Jones, KA Chi, PH TI Acceptor ion-implantation in SiC SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Radioation Effects in Insulators (REI-10) CY JUL 18-23, 1999 CL JENA, GERMANY SP Deutsch Forsch Gemeinsch, Friedrich Schiller Univ Jena, Thruinger Minist Wissensch, Forsch & Kultur, Elsevier Sci BV, Amsterdam, High Voltage Engn Europa BV, Amersfoort, Carl Zeiss Jena GmbH, Jena, Jenoptik AG, Jena, Layertec GmbH, Mellingen, VACOM GmbH, Jena, JENION, Jena, PINK GmbH, Wertheim DE SiC; ion-implantation; acceptors; annealing; activation AB Single and multiple energy Al, B and Ga ion-implantations were performed into n-type 6H-SiC epitaxial layers. Empirical formulae for the range statistics of the implant depth distributions in the energy range 50 keV-4 MeV were developed by analyzing the experimental secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) implant depth profiles. The Al and Ga implants were electrically activated at an annealing temperature of 1500 degrees C, but the B implants required an annealing temperature of 1650 degrees C. In this study annealings were performed by using AlN or graphite encapsulant. The Al and Ga implants are thermally stable but the B implants showed redistribution during annealing. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights It served. C1 George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Rao, MV (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD MAY PY 2000 VL 166 BP 395 EP 398 DI 10.1016/S0168-583X(99)00867-8 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 320VU UT WOS:000087422200068 ER PT J AU Aiken, LH Patrician, PA AF Aiken, LH Patrician, PA TI Measuring organizational traits of hospitals: The revised nursing work index SO NURSING RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE nursing outcomes research; professional practice environment; Revised Nursing Work Index ID PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE MODEL; JOB-SATISFACTION; MAGNET HOSPITALS; PRACTICE ENVIRONMENT; INTENSIVE-CARE; AIDS CARE; NURSES; EXCELLENCE; OUTCOMES; INSTITUTIONS AB Background: The organizational context in which nurses practice is important in explaining variation in patient outcomes, but research has been hampered by the absence of instruments to measure organizational attributes empirically. Objectives: To report on the development and utility of the Revised Nursing Work Index (NWI-R) in measuring characteristics of professional nursing practice environments. Methods: The NWI-R was used in a national acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) care study. The sample consisted of 40 units in 20 hospitals. Of these 20 hospitals, 10 provided AIDS care in both dedicated AIDS units and general medical units, thus introducing to the design an element of internal control. The remaining 10 hospitals were selected through a matching procedure. Three of the matched control hospitals were magnet hospitals. Nurses were recruited into the study if they worked at least 16 hours per week on the study unit. The nurses completed the NWI-R in addition to other measures. Results: A response rate of 86% was attained. Response rates per unit ranged from 73% to 100%. Cronbach's alpha was 0.96 for the entire NWI-R, with aggregated subscale alphas of 0.84 to 0.91. Validity of the NWI-R was demonstrated by the origin of the instrument, its ability to differentiate nurses who worked within a professional practice environment from those who did not, and its ability to explain differences in nurse burnout. Conclusion: The NWI-R has been found to capture organizational attributes that characterize professional nursing practice environments. C1 Univ Penn, Ctr Hlth Serv & Policy Res, Sch Nursing, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Penn, Sch Nursing, USA, Nurse Corps, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Aiken, LH (reprint author), Univ Penn, Ctr Hlth Serv & Policy Res, Sch Nursing, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RI Andrade, Hugo/M-6631-2013 OI Andrade, Hugo/0000-0001-6781-6125 FU NINR NIH HHS [R01 NR 02280] NR 34 TC 353 Z9 359 U1 8 U2 41 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-6562 J9 NURS RES JI Nurs. Res. PD MAY-JUN PY 2000 VL 49 IS 3 BP 146 EP 153 DI 10.1097/00006199-200005000-00006 PG 8 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA 453LP UT WOS:000169917600005 PM 10882319 ER PT J AU Mancuso, KM Yancey, MK Murphy, JA Markenson, GR AF Mancuso, KM Yancey, MK Murphy, JA Markenson, GR TI Epidural analgesia for cephalic version: A randomized trial SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FETAL ACOUSTIC STIMULATION; TERM BREECH PRESENTATION; SUCCESS; ANESTHESIA; MANAGEMENT; ADJUNCT AB Objective: To determine if epidural analgesia improves the success rate of external cephalic version. Methods: Women with singleton fetuses in breech or transverse presentation of at least 37 weeks' gestation were offered enrollment in a randomized trial. Inclusion criteria included maternal age of 18 years or older, nonvertex presentation confirmed by ultrasound, intact membranes, reactive fetal nonstress test, and estimated fetal weight (EFW) between 2000 and 4000 g. Women in the epidural group had lumbar epidural catheters inserted, through which 2% lidocaine and 100 mu g of fentanyl were infused. External cephalic version attempts were done with ultrasound guidance in a standard fashion for both groups. The primary outcome variable was the successful version of the fetus to a cephalic presentation. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between groups in gestation at time of procedure, placental location, fetal lie, gravity, parity, EFW, or amniotic fluid index. External cephalic version was successful in 32 of 54 women (59%) with epidural anesthesia compared with 18 of 54 (33%) with no anesthesia (relative risk [RR] 1.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2, 2.8, P <.05). Vaginal delivery occurred in 29 of 54 women (54%) in the epidural group and 16 of 54 women (30%) in the control group (RR 1.9, 95% CT 1.2, 2.9, P<.05). Conclusion: Epidural analgesia increased the success rate of external cephalic version and the likelihood of subsequent vaginal delivery. (Obstet Gynecol 2000;95:638-51.). C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Yancey, MK (reprint author), MCHKOB, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, 1 Jarrett White Rd, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 16 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 95 IS 5 BP 648 EP 651 DI 10.1016/S0029-7844(99)00611-0 PG 4 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 307HW UT WOS:000086648700003 PM 10775722 ER PT J AU Elkas, J Armstrong, A Pohl, J Cuttitta, F Martinez, A Gray, K AF Elkas, J Armstrong, A Pohl, J Cuttitta, F Martinez, A Gray, K TI Modulation of endometrial steroid receptors and growth regulatory genes by tamoxifen SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; REPRODUCTIVE-TRACT; ADRENOMEDULLIN; EXPRESSION; PROTEIN AB Objective: We investigated tamoxifen's effects on the expression of growth regulatory genes in the endometrium to identify the mechanism by which tamoxifen induces proliferation. Methods: Using immunohistochemical techniques, we analyzed 39 endometrial specimens for expression of Ki-67, lactoferrin, transforming growth factor-alpha, tumor necrosis factor receptor-II, adrenomedullin, estrogen receptors, and progesterone receptors. Twenty specimens were obtained from postmenopausal breast cancer patients treated with tamoxifen (20 mg/day) for at least 6 months to include two endometrial adenocarcinoma specimens. Five secretory phase, three proliferative phase, and seven atrophic endometrial specimens were used as controls. In addition, four endometrial adenocarcinoma specimens were reviewed from patients not treated with tamoxifen. Intensity of immunostaining was quantified using digitized imaging techniques. Results: Overexpression of both estrogen receptors and progesterone receptors, and an elevated proliferative index were the most consistent effects observed in benign endometrial specimens from tamoxifen-treated patients compared with atrophic controls (P <.003). This staining pattern was also evident in adenocarcinomas from patients who received tamoxifen. Benign endometrium from tamoxifen-treated patients also expressed transforming growth factor-alpha, tumor necrosis factor receptor-II, lactoferrin, and adrenomedullin at levels comparable with those found in proliferative endometrial specimens. Conclusion: These data provide further documentation that the uterotropic effects of tamoxifen may be due, at least in part, to the induction of estrogen receptors and progesterone receptors, as well as other genes associated with the proliferative phase. Furthermore, analysis of estrogen receptors, progesterone receptors, and Ki-67 may be useful in identifying postmenopausal individuals on tamoxifen, who are at increased risk for developing endometrial cancer. (Obstet Gynecol 2000;95:697-703.). C1 Natl Naval Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Bethesda, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NCI, Dept Cell & Canc Biol, NIH, Rockville, MD USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Elkas, J (reprint author), 817 10th St,Unit 103, Santa Monica, CA 90403 USA. RI Martinez, Alfredo/A-3077-2013 OI Martinez, Alfredo/0000-0003-4882-4044 NR 11 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 95 IS 5 BP 697 EP 703 DI 10.1016/S0029-7844(99)00660-2 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 307HW UT WOS:000086648700013 PM 10775732 ER PT J AU Mines, M Thach, A Mallonee, S Hildebrand, L Shariat, S AF Mines, M Thach, A Mallonee, S Hildebrand, L Shariat, S TI Ocular injuries sustained by survivors of the Oklahoma City bombing SO OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TERRORIST BOMBINGS; NORTHERN-IRELAND; SEVERITY SCORE; DESERT-SHIELD; BLAST INJURY; EXPLOSION; EXPERIENCE; CASUALTIES; MANAGEMENT; INCIDENTS AB Objective: The purpose of this study is to provide a review of the ocular injuries sustained by survivors of the April 19, 1995, bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City. Design: Retrospective, noncomparative case series. Participants: The authors retrospectively evaluated data collected on all surviving persons receiving ocular injuries during the bombing and on all at-risk occupants of the federal building and four adjacent buildings. Methods: Injury data from survivors were collected from multiple sources to include hospital medical records, a physician survey, emergency medical services run reports, written survivor accounts, building occupant survey, telephone interviews, and mail surveys. Main Outcome Measures: The types of ocular injuries, the associated systemic injuries, and the location of the injured at the time of the blast were evaluated. Results: Fifty-five (8%) of the 684 injured bombing survivors sustained an ocular injury. Persons injured in the Murrah building were more than three times more likely to sustain an ocular injury than other injured persons. Seventy-one percent of ocular injuries occurred within 300 feet of the point of detonation. The most common serious ocular injuries included lid/brow lacerations (20 patients, 23 eyes), open globe injuries (12 eyes), orbital fractures (6 eyes), and retinal detachment (5 eyes). A retained intraocular foreign body accounted for only two of the injuries (4%). Glass accounted for nearly two thirds of the ocular injuries. Conclusions Blasts involving explosions inflict severe ocular injury, mostly as a result of secondary blast effects from glass, debris, etc. Eye injuries in bombings can probably be prevented by increasing the distance from and orientation away from windows (i.e., by facing desks away from windows). Use of such products as laminated glass, toughened window glazing, and Mylar curtains may reduce glass projectiles in the blast vicinity. (C) 2000 by the American Academy of Ophthalmology. C1 Oklahoma State Dept Hlth, Injury Prevent Serv, Oklahoma City, OK 73117 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Dean McGee Eye Inst, Oklahoma City, OK USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Ophthalmol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Mines, M (reprint author), Oklahoma State Dept Hlth, Injury Prevent Serv, 1000 NE 10th St, Oklahoma City, OK 73117 USA. NR 37 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0161-6420 J9 OPHTHALMOLOGY JI Ophthalmology PD MAY PY 2000 VL 107 IS 5 BP 837 EP 843 DI 10.1016/S0161-6420(00)00030-0 PG 7 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 310JM UT WOS:000086822800018 PM 10811071 ER PT J AU Thach, AB Ward, TP Hollifield, RD Cockerham, K Birdsong, R Kramer, KK AF Thach, AB Ward, TP Hollifield, RD Cockerham, K Birdsong, R Kramer, KK TI Eye injuries in a terrorist bombing - Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, June 25, 1996 SO OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DESERT-SHIELD; STORM AB Objective: We report the experience of our institution in the evaluation and care of multiple simultaneous ocular trauma patients after a terrorist bomb attack on a United States military base in Saudi Arabia. Design: Retrospective, noncomparative small case series. Participants: Three patients who received severe ocular injuries after a terrorist bombing. Intervention: All patients underwent surgical repair of the injuries that were inflicted as a result of the terrorist bombing. Main Outcome Measures: Baseline ocular characteristics, intraoperative findings, surgical procedures, and final (3 years after injury) anatomic and visual outcomes were noted. Results: Glass fragments caused by the blast were the mechanism of all the ocular injuries in these patients. All patients had primary repair of the injuries done in Saudi Arabia and were sent to our institution for tertiary care. Three of the four eyes injured had stable or improved visual acuity and one eye was enucleated. Two patients had no serious injury other than the globe trauma. One patient had extensive eyelid trauma and required serial procedures to allow fitting of a prosthesis. Conclusions: Blast-injury patients are at risk for open globe injury as a result of glass fragments. The types of injury that can occur from terrorist blasts can be extensive and involve all the tissues of the eye, the ocular adnexa, and the orbit. (C) 2000 by the American Academy of Ophthalmology. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Ophthalmol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Div Ophthalmol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Ward, TP (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Ophthalmol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 12 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0161-6420 J9 OPHTHALMOLOGY JI Ophthalmology PD MAY PY 2000 VL 107 IS 5 BP 844 EP 847 DI 10.1016/S0161-6420(00)00029-4 PG 4 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 310JM UT WOS:000086822800019 PM 10811072 ER PT J AU Getsinger, KD Petty, DG Madsen, JD Skogerboe, JG Houtman, BA Haller, WT Fox, AM AF Getsinger, KD Petty, DG Madsen, JD Skogerboe, JG Houtman, BA Haller, WT Fox, AM TI Aquatic dissipation of the herbicide triclopyr in Lake Minnetonka, Minnesota SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE aquatic plant management; aquatic herbicide environmental fate; Myriophyllum spicatum; Eurasian watermilfoil; TCP; TMP ID RATES AB A study of the aquatic fate of the triethylamine salt of triclopyr (3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinyloxyacetic acid) was conducted in three bays of Lake Minnetonka, Minnesota. Triclopyr is under review by the US Environmental Protection Agency as a selective aquatic herbicide. The primary purpose of this study was to determine dissipation rates of the parent active ingredient, triclopyr, and its major metabolites, 3,5,6-trichloropyridinol (TCP) and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-methoxypyridine (TMP) in selected matrices including water, sediment, plants, finfish and shellfish. Two 6.5-ha plots dominated by the weedy species Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum L.) were treated with triclopyr-triethylammonum at a rate of 2.5 mg AE liter(-1) (2.5ppm) on 21-23 lune 1994. A third 6.5-ha plot was established as an untreated reference. Water and sediment samples were collected from within the plots and at selected locations up to 1600m outside of the plots through six weeks post-treatment for chemical residue analysis. In addition, residue samples were collected hom the target and non-target plants and other non-target matrices, including game and rough fish, clams and crayfish. All test animals were sequestered in cages located in the center of each plot and samples were collected through four weeks post-treatment. Half-lives for dissipation of triclopyr and TCP in water ranged from 3.7 to 4.7 days and from 4.2 to 7.9 days, respectively, with trace amounts of TMP found. Peak triclopyr sediment values ranged from 257 to 335 ng gram(-1), with a mean half-life of 5.4 days, while peak TCP sediment levels ranged hom 27 to 65ng gram(-1) (mean half-life=11.0 days). Trace levels of TMP were detected at one treatment site at one sampling event. Triclopyr and TCP accumulated and cleared fi om animal tissues proportionately to concentrations in the water (triclopyr dissipation half-lives <11 days, TCP < 14 days). TMP levels were two to three times higher than those of the other compounds, particularly in visceral tissue. In all cases, residues of these compounds were higher in the inedible portions of the animals, and were usually higher in bottom-feeding fish species. (C) 2000 Society of Chemical Industry. C1 USA, Waterways Expt Stn, Environm Lab, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NDR Res, Plainfield, IN 46168 USA. Dow AgroSci LLC, Indianapolis, IN 46268 USA. Univ Florida, Ctr Aquat & Invas Plants, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Agron, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Getsinger, KD (reprint author), USA, Waterways Expt Stn, Environm Lab, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 17 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 56 IS 5 BP 388 EP 400 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1526-4998(200005)56:5<388::AID-PS150>3.0.CO;2-U PG 13 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 305RA UT WOS:000086553000002 ER PT J AU Eckart, RE Hospenthal, DR Fishbain, JT AF Eckart, RE Hospenthal, DR Fishbain, JT TI Response of complicated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis to the addition of trovafloxacin SO PHARMACOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID INTRAVENOUS-DRUG-USERS; VANCOMYCIN RESISTANCE; BRONCHIAL-SECRETIONS; CIPROFLOXACIN; LEVOFLOXACIN; FLUOROQUINOLONE; EFFICACY; INFECTION; THERAPY; CLINAFLOXACIN AB The newer fluoroquinolones have many properties such as safety, bioavailability and tissue penetration that make them attractive in the therapy of complicated infections. Unfortunately, the rapid development of resistance by Staphylococcus aureus to ciprofloxacin has dampened interest in these agents for serious staphylococcal infections. A patient with right-sided methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) endocarditis with a complicated clinical course received trovafloxacin in addition to vancomycin and rifampin. Ile was initially treated with vancomycin, gentamicin, and rifampin for serious MRSA infection, but because of complications, including septic central nervous system emboli, persistent fever, and leukocytosis, gentamicin was stopped and trovafloxacin begun. After this addition the patient improved and completely recovered. In vitro and animal model data show that many newer fluoroquinolones have excellent activity against S. aureus, including MRSA, and are also less likely to induce resistance. Animal models of endocarditis support their efficacy in serious staphylococcal infections. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, MCHK DMI, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Fishbain, JT (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, MCHK DMI, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PHARMACOTHERAPY PUBLICATIONS INC PI BOSTON PA NEW ENGLAND MEDICAL CENTER BOX 806 171 HARRISON AVE, BOSTON, MA 02111 USA SN 0277-0008 J9 PHARMACOTHERAPY JI Pharmacotherapy PD MAY PY 2000 VL 20 IS 5 BP 589 EP 592 DI 10.1592/phco.20.6.589.35156 PG 4 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 311HF UT WOS:000086878100011 PM 10809347 ER PT J AU Emory, RE Chester, CH AF Emory, RE Chester, CH TI Prepuce pollicization: A reminder of an alternate donor SO PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY LA English DT Article ID CIRCUMCISION; CHILDREN C1 George Washington Univ, Div Plast & Reconstruct Surg, Washington, DC USA. Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Div Plast & Reconstruct Surg, Washington, DC 20010 USA. RP Emory, RE (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Plast Surg Serv, 5th Floor,Area 5D, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0032-1052 J9 PLAST RECONSTR SURG JI Plast. Reconstr. Surg. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 105 IS 6 BP 2100 EP 2101 DI 10.1097/00006534-200005000-00029 PG 2 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 308QU UT WOS:000086725000029 PM 10839411 ER PT J AU Kinnamon, KE Engle, RR Poon, BT Ellis, WY McCall, JW Dzimianski, MT AF Kinnamon, KE Engle, RR Poon, BT Ellis, WY McCall, JW Dzimianski, MT TI Anticancer agents suppressive for adult parasites of filariasis in Mongolian jirds SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY FOR EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID 2-ACETYLPYRIDINE THIOSEMICARBAZONES; ONCHOCERCA-OCHENGI; SURAMIN; DRUGS; IVERMECTIN; LEVAMISOLE; INHIBITOR; WORMS; DNA AB Eight chemical structures not previously reported to possess antifilarial activity have been identified. A total of 79 compounds with anticancer properties were evaluated for possible macrofilaricidal activity against Brugia pahangi and Acanthocheilonema viteae transplanted into male Mongolian jirds (Meriones unguiculatus). All eight active compounds were suppressive for the onchocerciasis type (Acanthocheilonema viteae) of the disease. None was macrofilaricidal for the lymphatic form (Brugia pahangi). These new structures may represent a nucleus around which effective drugs can be synthesized. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Parasitol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Kinnamon, KE (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 35 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0037-9727 J9 P SOC EXP BIOL MED JI Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 224 IS 1 BP 45 EP 49 DI 10.1046/j.1525-1373.2000.22364.x PG 5 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 308LL UT WOS:000086712900007 PM 10782046 ER PT J AU Schmidt, KA Deal, CD Kwan, M Thattassery, E Schneider, H AF Schmidt, KA Deal, CD Kwan, M Thattassery, E Schneider, H TI Neisseria gonorrhoeae MS11mkC opacity protein expression in vitro and during human volunteer infectivity studies SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Pathogenic Neisseria Conference CY SEP 08-13, 1996 CL BALTIMORE, MARYLAND ID OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEINS; PHASE VARIATION; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; GONOCOCCAL OPACITY; HUMAN-NEUTROPHILS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; ANTIGENIC VARIATION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GENE-EXPRESSION; COLONY OPACITY AB Background and Objectives: Neisseria gonorrhoeae Ms11mkC harbors 11 independently expressed opacity (Opa) protein genes with distinct in vitro expression frequencies. In experimental infections in which human male volunteers were inoculated with transparent (Opa(-)), piliated (P+) strains, the authors associate onset of symptoms with recovery of opaque (Opa(+)) gonococci, Goals: In vitro and recovered (Opa) protein expression rates were compared to determine if the human host influences Opa expression, Study Design: Opa expression was determined using Western immunoblot analysis; Opa sizes were determined using a scanning densitometer. Results: Seven of 10 Opa proteins were identified in gonococci recovered from all of the volunteers at frequencies consistent with in vitro results (Opa C, 29.5 kDa; Opa K, 30 kDa; Opa G, 31 kDa; Opa I, 32 kDa; Opa J, 33 kDa; Opa D, 34 kDa; and Opa H, 37 kDa) (P greater than or equal to 0.01, Fisher exact test). Opa B (30.5 kDa) was identified at lower than expected frequencies, whereas Opa E (31.2) and F (31.5) were identified at higher than expected frequencies. When recovered gonococci were reanalyzed for in vitro expression frequencies, they were consistent with preinfection frequencies. Conclusions: The host may influence the prevalence of some Opa proteins. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Bacterial Dis, Washington, DC USA. US FDA, Ctr Biol Evauluat Res, Dept Enter & STDs, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Schmidt, KA (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, 206 Vail, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. FU PHS HHS [P01A134582] NR 40 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 27 IS 5 BP 278 EP 283 DI 10.1097/00007435-200005000-00008 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 312HU UT WOS:000086938500008 PM 10821601 ER PT J AU Murray, CK Wortmann, GW AF Murray, CK Wortmann, GW TI Trovafloxacin-induced weakness due to a demyelinating polyneuropathy SO SOUTHERN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MYASTHENIA-GRAVIS; EXACERBATION; CIPROFLOXACIN; OFLOXACIN AB Fluoroquinolones have been associated with peripheral sensory disorders and weakness, especially in patients with underlying myasthenia gravis or myasthenia-like Eaton-Lambert syndrome. Trovafloxacin is a relatively new quinolone for which these side effects have not been described. We report a case of diffuse weakness due to a demyelinating polyneuropathy that began after initiation of trovafloxacin in a patient without an underlying neurologic disorder. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Infect Dis Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Wortmann, GW (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Infect Dis Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHERN MEDICAL ASSN PI BIRMINGHAM PA 35 LAKESHORE DR PO BOX 190088, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35219 USA SN 0038-4348 J9 SOUTHERN MED J JI South.Med.J. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 93 IS 5 BP 514 EP 515 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 316YA UT WOS:000087194700017 PM 10832955 ER PT J AU Pipa, VI Vagidov, NZ Mitin, VV Stroscio, M AF Pipa, VI Vagidov, NZ Mitin, VV Stroscio, M TI Energy losses of 2D electron gas due to near-surface acoustic phonon scattering SO SUPERLATTICES AND MICROSTRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Workshop on Surgaces and Interfaces in Mesoscopic Devices (SIMD 99) CY DEC 06-10, 1999 CL MAUI, HAWAII SP USN, Off Res, Univ Illinois, Beckman Inst DE Bloch-Gruneisen regime; energy relaxation rate; electron-phonon scattering; piezoelectric; deformation potentials ID MOMENTUM RELAXATION AB We have shown that for quantum wells placed close to the stress-free surface of the semiconductor heterostructure, the energy relaxation rate of two-dimensional electrons interacting with acoustic phonons at low temperatures (Bloch-Gruneisen regime) is changed considerably in comparison with that of a two-dimensional electron gas placed in a bulk of semiconductor. The relaxation rate is enhanced in the case of a semiconductor-vacuum system and is suppressed in the case of the surface covered by a thin metal him. The enhanced energy loss is caused by additional scattering at localized and reflected acoustic waves, and the decrease appears due to suppression of piezoelectric scattering in the vicinity of the metal. (C) 2000 Academic Press. C1 Wayne State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. Inst Semicond Phys, UA-252650 Kiev, Ukraine. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Mitin, VV (reprint author), Wayne State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0749-6036 J9 SUPERLATTICE MICROST JI Superlattices Microstruct. PD MAY-JUN PY 2000 VL 27 IS 5-6 BP 425 EP 429 DI 10.1006/spmi.2000.0857 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 340AR UT WOS:000088511400025 ER PT J AU Shanks, GD Biomndo, K Hay, SI Snow, RW AF Shanks, GD Biomndo, K Hay, SI Snow, RW TI Changing patterns of clinical malaria since 1965 among a tea estate population located in the Kenyan highlands SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE malaria; Plasmodium falciparum; epidemiology; highlands; drug resistance; climate change; Kenya ID MORTALITY; AFRICA; IMPACT AB The changing epidemiology of clinical malaria since 1965 among hospitalized patients was studied at a group of tea estates in the western highlands of Kenya. These data indicate recent dramatic increases in the numbers of malaria admissions (6.5 to 32.5% of all admissions), case fatality (1.3 to 6%) and patients originating from low-risk, highland areas (34 to 59%). Climate change, environmental management, population migration, and breakdown in health service provision seem unlikely explanations for this changing disease pattern. The coincident arrival of chloroquine resistance during the late 1980s in the sub-region suggests that drug resistance is a key factor in the current pattern and burden of malaria among this highland population. C1 USA, Med Res Unit Kenya, Unit 64109, APO, AE 09831 USA. Brooke Bond Cent Hosp, Kericho, Kenya. Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, TALA Res Grp, Oxford OX1 3PS, England. Kenya Med Res Inst, Wellcome Trust Collaborat Programme, Nairobi, Kenya. Univ Oxford, John Radcliffe Hosp, Dept Trop Med, Oxford OX3 9DU, England. RP Shanks, GD (reprint author), USAMC, AFRIMS, 315-6 Rajvithi Rd, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. RI Hay, Simon/F-8967-2015; Shanks, George Dennis/F-4056-2014 OI Hay, Simon/0000-0002-0611-7272; Shanks, George Dennis/0000-0001-5763-8660 FU Wellcome Trust [056642] NR 13 TC 93 Z9 94 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC TROPICAL MEDICINE PI LONDON PA MANSON HOUSE 26 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON W1N 4EY, ENGLAND SN 0035-9203 J9 T ROY SOC TROP MED H JI Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAY-JUN PY 2000 VL 94 IS 3 BP 253 EP 255 DI 10.1016/S0035-9203(00)90310-9 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 332XE UT WOS:000088099000007 PM 10974991 ER PT J AU Steele, KE Linn, MJ Schoepp, RJ Komar, N Geisbert, TW Manduca, RM Calle, PP Raphael, BL Clippinger, TL Larsen, T Smith, J Lanciotti, RS Panella, NA McNamara, TS AF Steele, KE Linn, MJ Schoepp, RJ Komar, N Geisbert, TW Manduca, RM Calle, PP Raphael, BL Clippinger, TL Larsen, T Smith, J Lanciotti, RS Panella, NA McNamara, TS TI Pathology of fatal West Nile virus infections in native and exotic birds during the 1999 outbreak in New York City, New York SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE arbovirus; avian; immunohistochemistry; in situ hybridization; meningoencephalitis; myocarditis; RT-PCR; virus isolation; West Nile virus ID JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; ULTRASTRUCTURE; CELLS AB West Nile fever caused fatal disease in humans, horses, and birds in the northeastern United States during 1999. We studied birds from two wildlife facilities in New York City, New York, that died or were euthanatized and were suspected to have West Nile virus infections. Using standard histologic and ultrastructural methods, virus isolation, immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization and reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, we identified West Nile virus as the cause of clinical disease, severe pathologic changes, and death in 27 birds representing eight orders and 14 species. Virus was detected in 23/26 brains (88%), 24/25 hearts (96%), 15/18 spleens (83%), 14/20 Livers (70%), 20/20 kidneys (100%), 10/13 adrenals (77%), 13/14 intestines (93%), 10/12 pancreata (83%), 5/12 lungs (42%), and 4/8 ovaries (50%) by one or more methods. Cellular targets included neurons and glial cells in the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral ganglia; myocardial fibers; macrophages and blood monocytes; renal tubular epithelium; adrenal cortical cells; pancreatic acinar cells and islet cells: intestinal crypt epithelium; oocytes; and fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells. Purkinje cells were especially targeted, except in crows and magpies. Gross hemorrhage of the brain, splenomegaly, meningoencephalitis, and myocarditis were the most prominent lesions. Immunohistochemistry was an efficient and reliable method for identifying infected cases, but the polyclonal antibody cross-reacted with St. Louis encephalitis virus and other flaviviruses. in contrast, the in situ hybridization probe pWNV-E (WN-USAMRIID99) reacted only with West Nile virus. These methods should aid diagnosticians faced with the emergence of West Nile virus in the United States. C1 Wildlife Conservat Soc, Dept Pathol, Bronx, NY 10460 USA. Wildlife Conservat Soc, Dept Clin Sci, Bronx, NY USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Pathol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arbovirus Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP McNamara, TS (reprint author), Wildlife Conservat Soc, Dept Pathol, 2300 So Bldv, Bronx, NY 10460 USA. NR 24 TC 288 Z9 300 U1 4 U2 33 PU AMER COLL VET PATHOLOGIST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0300-9858 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 37 IS 3 BP 208 EP 224 DI 10.1354/vp.37-3-208 PG 17 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA 311NM UT WOS:000086890500002 PM 10810985 ER PT J AU Duniho, S Schulman, FY Morrison, A Mena, H Koestner, A AF Duniho, S Schulman, FY Morrison, A Mena, H Koestner, A TI A subependymal giant cell astrocytoma in a cat SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cats; neoplasm; subependymal giant cell astrocytoma ID TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS; HAMARTOMAS; PRODUCT; TUMOR; GENE AB A 6-year-old spayed female Domestic Shorthair cat presented with a 1 to 2-month history of blindness and altered behavior. At necropsy, a l-cm-diameter, firm white mass was found arising from the subependymal region of the right lateral ventricular wall that protruded into and partially filled the lumen. Histologically, there was a well-demarcated, expansile paraventricular neoplasm composed of moderately pleomorphic cells within a richly fibrillar matrix arranged in interlacing streams and perivascular pseudorosette-like patterns. Neoplastic cells varied in morphology from small spindloid cells to larger polygonal cells with eccentric vesicular nuclei to neuronlike cells with vesicular nuclei and prominent nucleoli. The mitotic index was low. Immunohistochemically, neoplastic cells were positive for S-100 protein, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and neuron-specific enolase and negative for neurofilament protein. Ultrastructurally, the cells contained few to abundant bundles of intermediate filaments with variable numbers of mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and ribosomes. These features are characteristic of subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA) in humans. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of SEGA in domestic animals. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, MCMR UV CC, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Duniho, S (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, MCMR UV CC, 3100 Ricketts Point Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL VET PATHOLOGIST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0300-9858 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD MAY PY 2000 VL 37 IS 3 BP 275 EP 278 DI 10.1354/vp.37-3-275 PG 4 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA 311NM UT WOS:000086890500011 PM 10810994 ER PT J AU West, BJ AF West, BJ TI Quantum Levy propagators SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article AB The general quantum propagator for a particle in a potential-free region of the vacuum is shown to have a form analogous to that of a classical Levy stochastic process and not that of a Gaussian wave packet. C1 USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP West, BJ (reprint author), USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 9 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5647 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD APR 27 PY 2000 VL 104 IS 16 BP 3830 EP 3832 DI 10.1021/jp993323u PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 329GY UT WOS:000087900200011 ER PT J AU Abbott, KC Oliver, JD Ko, CW Kirk, AD Agodoa, LY AF Abbott, KC Oliver, JD Ko, CW Kirk, AD Agodoa, LY TI Aseptic necrosis after cadaveric renal transplantation: Data from the UNOS/USRDS database. SO TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Nephrol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NIDCD, Epidemiol Stat & Data Syst Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. NIH, Organ Transplant Serv, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. RI Kirk, Allan/B-6905-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0041-1337 J9 TRANSPLANTATION JI Transplantation PD APR 27 PY 2000 VL 69 IS 8 SU S MA 813 BP S323 EP S323 PG 1 WC Immunology; Surgery; Transplantation SC Immunology; Surgery; Transplantation GA 311XQ UT WOS:000086911800811 ER PT J AU Abbott, KC Oliver, JD Ko, CW Kirk, AD Agodoa, Y AF Abbott, KC Oliver, JD Ko, CW Kirk, AD Agodoa, Y TI Fractures after cadaveric renal transplantation: Data from the UNOS/USRDS database. SO TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Nephrol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Nephrol, Bethesda, MD USA. Natl Inst Deafness & Other Commun Disorders, Epidemiol Stat & Data Syst Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. NIH, Organ Transplant Serv, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. RI Kirk, Allan/B-6905-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0041-1337 J9 TRANSPLANTATION JI Transplantation PD APR 27 PY 2000 VL 69 IS 8 SU S MA 678 BP S288 EP S288 PG 1 WC Immunology; Surgery; Transplantation SC Immunology; Surgery; Transplantation GA 311XQ UT WOS:000086911800676 ER PT J AU Abbott, KC Oliver, JD Ko, CW Kirk, AD Polly, SM Jones, CA Agodoa, LY AF Abbott, KC Oliver, JD Ko, CW Kirk, AD Polly, SM Jones, CA Agodoa, LY TI Patient and renal allograft survival in patients seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus infection at transplantation: Data from the UNOS/USRDS database. SO TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Nephrol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Washington, DC USA. NIDCD, Epidemiol Stat & Data Syst Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. NIH, Organ Transplant Serv, Bethesda, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Organ Transplant Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. RI Kirk, Allan/B-6905-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0041-1337 J9 TRANSPLANTATION JI Transplantation PD APR 27 PY 2000 VL 69 IS 8 SU S MA 400 BP S217 EP S217 PG 1 WC Immunology; Surgery; Transplantation SC Immunology; Surgery; Transplantation GA 311XQ UT WOS:000086911800398 ER PT J AU Batty, DS Swanson, SJ Polly, SM Oliver, JD Oliver, DK Ko, CW Kirk, AD Agodoa, LY Abbott, KC AF Batty, DS Swanson, SJ Polly, SM Oliver, JD Oliver, DK Ko, CW Kirk, AD Agodoa, LY Abbott, KC TI Impact of recipient and donor hepatitis C virus infection status on outcomes after renal transplantation: Data from the UNOS/USRDS database. SO TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIH, Organ Transplant Serv, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Nephrol, Bethesda, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Serv Nephrol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NIDCD, Epidemiol Stat & Data Syst Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Washington, DC USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RI Kirk, Allan/B-6905-2012 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0041-1337 J9 TRANSPLANTATION JI Transplantation PD APR 27 PY 2000 VL 69 IS 8 SU S MA 90 BP S135 EP S135 PG 1 WC Immunology; Surgery; Transplantation SC Immunology; Surgery; Transplantation GA 311XQ UT WOS:000086911800091 ER PT J AU Kirk, AD Tadaki, DK Xu, H Elster, EA Burkley, LC Celniker, A Batty, DS Baumgartner, RE Berning, JD Fechner, JH Kampen, RL Knechtle, SJ Patterson, NB Swanson, SJ Harlan, DM AF Kirk, AD Tadaki, DK Xu, H Elster, EA Burkley, LC Celniker, A Batty, DS Baumgartner, RE Berning, JD Fechner, JH Kampen, RL Knechtle, SJ Patterson, NB Swanson, SJ Harlan, DM TI Primate allotransplantation using costimulation blockade. SO TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIH, Transplantat & Autoimmun Branch, USN, Med Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Organ Transplant Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Biogen Inc, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. Genet Inst, Cambridge, MA 02140 USA. RI Kirk, Allan/B-6905-2012; Fechner, John/C-5962-2016 OI Fechner, John/0000-0002-8220-7237 NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0041-1337 J9 TRANSPLANTATION JI Transplantation PD APR 27 PY 2000 VL 69 IS 8 SU S MA 1156 BP S414 EP S414 PG 1 WC Immunology; Surgery; Transplantation SC Immunology; Surgery; Transplantation GA 311XQ UT WOS:000086911801154 ER PT J AU Swanson, SJ Abbott, KC Oliver, JD Ko, CW Kirk, AD Agodoa, LY AF Swanson, SJ Abbott, KC Oliver, JD Ko, CW Kirk, AD Agodoa, LY TI Impact of donor and recipient factors on graft survival after cadaveric renal transplantation: Data from the UNOS/USRDS database. SO TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Organ Transplant Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Nephrol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NIDCD, Epidemiol Stat & Data Syst Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. NIH, Organ Tissue Transplant Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. RI Kirk, Allan/B-6905-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0041-1337 J9 TRANSPLANTATION JI Transplantation PD APR 27 PY 2000 VL 69 IS 8 SU S MA 584 BP S262 EP S263 PG 2 WC Immunology; Surgery; Transplantation SC Immunology; Surgery; Transplantation GA 311XQ UT WOS:000086911800582 ER PT J AU Corron, NJ Pethel, SD Hopper, BA AF Corron, NJ Pethel, SD Hopper, BA TI Controlling chaos with simple limiters SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CARDIAC CHAOS; FEEDBACK; ORBITS; SYSTEM; LASER AB New experimental results demonstrate that chaos control can be accomplished using controllers that are very simple relative to the system being controlled. Chaotic dynamics in a driven pendulum and a double scroll circuit are controlled using an adjustable, passive limiter - a weight for the pendulum and a diode for the circuit. For both experiments, multiple unstable periodic orbits are selectively controlled using minimal perturbations. These physical examples suggest that chaos control can be practically applied to a much wider array of important problems than initially thought possible. C1 Dynet Inc, Huntsville, AL 35814 USA. USA, Aviat & Missile Command, AMSAM, RD,WS,ST, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Corron, NJ (reprint author), Dynet Inc, POB 5500, Huntsville, AL 35814 USA. OI Corron, Ned/0000-0002-3232-5024 NR 14 TC 76 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 24 PY 2000 VL 84 IS 17 BP 3835 EP 3838 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.84.3835 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 307CM UT WOS:000086635900026 ER PT J AU Villeneuve, P Muderhwa, JM Graille, J Haas, MJ AF Villeneuve, P Muderhwa, JM Graille, J Haas, MJ TI Customizing lipases for biocatalysis: a survey of chemical, physical and molecular biological approaches SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR CATALYSIS B-ENZYMATIC LA English DT Review DE lipases; biocatalysis; genetic engineering ID CANDIDA-RUGOSA LIPASE; SITE-DIRECTED MUTAGENESIS; RHIZOPUS-DELEMAR LIPASE; HUMICOLA-LANUGINOSA LIPASE; PORCINE PANCREATIC LIPASE; CARICA-PAPAYA LATEX; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-HYICUS LIPASE; ALPHA/BETA-HYDROLASE FOLD; IN-VITRO RECOMBINATION; GLYCOL-MODIFIED LIPASE AB Lipases (triacylglycerol ester hydrolases, EC 3.1.1.3) are ubiquitous enzymes that catalyze the breakdown of fats and oils with subsequent release of free fatty acids, diacylglycerols, monoglycerols and glycerol. Besides this, they are also efficient in various reactions such as esterification, transesterification and aminolysis in organic solvents. Therefore, those enzymes are nowadays extensively studied for their potential industrial applications. Examples in the literature are numerous concerning their use in different fields such as resolution of racemic mixtures, synthesis of new surfactants and pharmaceuticals, oils and fats bioconversion and detergency applications. However, the drawbacks of the extensive use of lipases (and biocatalysts in general) compared to classical chemical catalysts can be found in the relatively low stability of enzyme in their native state as well as their prohibitive cost. Consequently, there is a great interest in methods trying to develop competitive biocatalysts for industrial applications by improvement of their catalytic properties such as activity, stability (pH or temperature range) or recycling capacity. Such improvement can be carried out by chemical, physical or genetical modifications of the native enzyme. The present review will survey the different procedures that have been developed to enhance the properties of lipases. It will first focus on the physical modifications of the biocatalysts by adsorption on a carrier material, entrapment or microencapsulation. Chemical modifications and methods such as modification of amino acids residues, covalent coupling to a water-insoluble material, or formation of cross-linked lipase matrix, will also be reviewed. Finally, new and promising methods of lipases modifications by genetic engineering will be discussed. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 SMANA, CIRAD AMIS, Lab Lipotech, F-34032 Montpellier 1, France. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Membrane Biochem, Washington, DC 20307 USA. ARS, Hides Lipids & Wool Res Unit, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Villeneuve, P (reprint author), SMANA, CIRAD AMIS, Lab Lipotech, BP5035, F-34032 Montpellier 1, France. RI Villeneuve, Pierre/C-1264-2008 OI Villeneuve, Pierre/0000-0003-1685-1494 NR 165 TC 286 Z9 308 U1 5 U2 56 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1381-1177 J9 J MOL CATAL B-ENZYM JI J. Mol. Catal. B-Enzym. PD APR 21 PY 2000 VL 9 IS 4-6 BP 113 EP 148 DI 10.1016/S1381-1177(99)00107-1 PG 36 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Physical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 312WF UT WOS:000086966400001 ER PT J AU Basta, M Baranyi, L Savay, S Bodo, M Alving, CR Szebeni, J AF Basta, M Baranyi, L Savay, S Bodo, M Alving, CR Szebeni, J TI Intravenous immunoglobulin inhibits liposome-induced,complement-mediated hemodynamic changes in pigs and rats SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR 20 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 6 SU S BP A957 EP A957 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 307FQ UT WOS:000086643100264 ER EF