FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Kozick, RJ Sadler, BM AF Kozick, RJ Sadler, BM TI Maximum-likelihood array processing in non-Gaussian noise with Gaussian mixtures SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE EM algorithm; impulsive noise; maximum-likelihood estimation; non-Gaussian noise; robust covariance matrix; sensor array processing ID OF-ARRIVAL ESTIMATION; IMPULSIVE NOISE; EM ALGORITHM; DETERMINISTIC SIGNALS; PARAMETER-ESTIMATION; BEARING ESTIMATION; CUMULANTS; MUSIC AB Many approaches have been studied for the array processing problem when the additive noise is modeled with a Gaussian distribution, but these schemes typically perform poorly when the noise is non-Gaussian and/or impulsive. This paper is concerned with maximum likelihood array processing in non-Gaussian noise. We present the Cramer-Rao bound on the variance of angle-of-arrival estimates for'arbitrary additive, independent, identically distributed (iid), symmetric, non-Gaussian noise. Then, we focus on non-Gaussian noise modeling with a finite Gaussian mixture distribution, which is capable of representing a broad class of non-Gaussian distributions that include heavy tailed, impulsive cases arising in wireless communications and other applications. Based on the Gaussian mixture model, we develop an expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm for estimating the source locations, the signal waveforms, and the noise distribution parameters. The important problems of detecting the number of sources and obtaining initial parameter estimates for the iterative EM algorithm are discussed in detail. The initialization procedure by itself is an effective algorithm for array processing in impulsive noise. Novel features of the EM algorithm and the associated maximum likelihood formulation include a nonlinear beamformer that separates multiple source signals in non-Gaussian noise and a robust covariance matrix estimate that suppresses impulsive noise while also performing a model-based interpolation to restore the low-rank signal subspace. The EM approach yields improvement over initial robust estimates and is valid for a nide SNR range. The results are also robust to pdf model mismatch and work well with infinite variance cases such as the symmetric stable distributions. Simulations confirm the optimality of the EM estimation procedure in a variety of cases, including a multiuser communications scenario. We also compare with existing array processing algorithms for non-Gaussian noise. C1 Bucknell Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Lewisburg, PA 17837 USA. AMSRL CI CN, Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Kozick, RJ (reprint author), Bucknell Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Lewisburg, PA 17837 USA. NR 42 TC 66 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1053-587X J9 IEEE T SIGNAL PROCES JI IEEE Trans. Signal Process. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 48 IS 12 BP 3520 EP 3535 PG 16 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 378AT UT WOS:000165559600025 ER PT J AU Hisaeda, H Stowers, AW Tsuboi, T Collins, WE Sattabongkot, JS Suwanabun, N Torii, M Kaslow, DC AF Hisaeda, H Stowers, AW Tsuboi, T Collins, WE Sattabongkot, JS Suwanabun, N Torii, M Kaslow, DC TI Antibodies to malaria vaccine candidates Pvs25 and Pvs28 completely block the ability of Plasmodium vivax to infect mosquitoes SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID MINIMAL VARIATION; TARGET ANTIGEN; SEXUAL STAGE; TRANSMISSION; FALCIPARUM; IMMUNITY; SURFACE; PROTEINS; PFS25; POLYMORPHISM AB Transmission-blocking vaccines are one strategy for controlling malaria, whereby sexual-stage parasites are inhibited from infecting mosquitoes by human antibodies. To evaluate whether the recently cloned Plasmodium vivax proteins Pvs25 and Pvs28 are candidates for a transmission-blocking vaccine, the molecules were expressed in yeast as secreted recombinant proteins. Mice vaccinated with these proteins adsorbed to aluminum hydroxide developed strong antibody responses against the immunogens, although for Pvs28, this response was genetically restricted. Antisera against both recombinant Pvs25 and Pvs28 recognized the corresponding molecules expressed by cultured sexual-stage parasites isolated from patients with P. vivax malaria, The development of malaria parasites in mosquitoes was completely inhibited when these antisera were ingested with the infected blood meal. Pvs25 and Pvs28, expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, are as yet the only fully characterized transmission-blocking vaccine candidates against P. vivax that induce such a potent antiparasite response. C1 NIAID, Malaria Vaccine Dev Unit, Parasit Dis Lab, NIH, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Univ Tokushima, Sch Med, Dept Parasitol& Immunol, Tokushima 7708503, Japan. Ehime Univ, Sch Med, Dept Mol Parasitol, Shigenobu, Ehime 7910295, Japan. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Anim Resources Branch, Sci Resources Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Entomol, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. RP Stowers, AW (reprint author), NIAID, Malaria Vaccine Dev Unit, Parasit Dis Lab, NIH, 12441 Parklawn Dr, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. NR 32 TC 103 Z9 114 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 68 IS 12 BP 6618 EP 6623 DI 10.1128/IAI.68.12.6618-6623.2000 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 403AH UT WOS:000167020000015 PM 11083773 ER PT J AU Turbyfill, KR Hartman, AB Oaks, EV AF Turbyfill, KR Hartman, AB Oaks, EV TI Isolation and characterization of a Shigella flexneri invasin complex subunit vaccine SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID PLASMID ANTIGEN-C; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE VACCINES; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; POLYACRYLAMIDE GELS; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; RHESUS-MONKEYS; IPA INVASINS; EFFICACY; SONNEI AB The invasiveness and virulence of Shigella spp. are largely due to the expression of plasmid-encoded virulence factors, among which are the invasion plasmid antigens (Ipa proteins). After infection, the host immune response is directed primarily against lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the virulence proteins (IpaB, IpaC, and IpaD). Recent observations have indicated that the Ipa proteins (IpaB, IpaC, and possibly IpaD) form a multiprotein complex capable of inducing the phagocytic event which internalizes the bacterium. We have isolated a complex of invasins and LPS from water-extractable antigens of virulent shigellae by ion-exchange chromatography. Western blot analysis of the complex indicates that all of the major virulence antigens of Shigella, including IpaB, IpaC, and IpaD, and LPS are components of this macromolecular complex. Mice or guinea pigs immunized intranasally with purified invasin complex (invaplex), without any additional adjuvant, mounted a significant immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA antibody response against the Shigella virulence antigens and LPS. The virulence specific response was very similar to that previously noted in primates infected with shigellae. Guinea pigs (keratoconjunctivitis model) or mice (lethal lung model) immunized intranasally on days 0, 14, and 28 and challenged 3 weeks later with virulent shigellae were protected from disease (P < 0.01 for both animal models). C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Enter Infect, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Oaks, EV (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Enter Infect, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 43 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 68 IS 12 BP 6624 EP 6632 DI 10.1128/IAI.68.12.6624-6632.2000 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 403AH UT WOS:000167020000016 PM 11083774 ER PT J AU Reddy, BV Deevi, SC AF Reddy, BV Deevi, SC TI Thermophysical properties of FeAl (Fe-40 at.%Al) SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article DE iron-aluminides, based on FeAl; thermal properties; electrical resistance and other electrical properties ID ELEMENTARY DIFFUSION JUMP; IRON ALUMINIDES; MOSSBAUER-SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTRICAL-RESISTIVITY; ALLOYS; COMPOUND; NICKEL; ATOMS AB The thermophysical properties - electrical resistivity. thermal conductivity, thermal expansion, and specific heat, of a B2 iron-aluminide (Fe-40 at.% Al) alloy are measured. The measured values of electrical resistivity indicate three distinct regions. An initial sharp rise below 400 degreesC is followed by a gradual increase to near saturation around 900 degreesC. Resistivity above this temperature exhibits an anomalous negative temperature dependence. The thermal conductivity displays a continuous rise as a function of temperature for T < 800C, beyond which it saturates to a value of similar to0.17 W/cm-degreesC. The relation between electrical resistivity and thermal conductivity obeys the Wiedemann-Franz law signifying the dominance of electrons in the heat transport. The measurements of specific heat indicate a complex behavior suggesting inseparable contributions of various temperature dependent phenomena arising from phonons. conduction electrons and magnons. Both the thermal expansion and mean coefficient of thermal expansion (MCT) exhibit a rising trend with temperature. The temperature dependence of the various modes of lattice, electronic, and magnetic excitations is invoked to csp]ain the observed variations in properties. The role of the inherent electronic and magnetic structure on physical properties is highlighted. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Philip Morris USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Richmond, VA 23234 USA. RP Reddy, BV (reprint author), Philip Morris USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, 4201 Commerce Rd, Richmond, VA 23234 USA. RI Subba Reddy, Basireddy/H-9619-2013 NR 43 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-9795 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PD DEC PY 2000 VL 8 IS 12 BP 1369 EP 1376 DI 10.1016/S0966-9795(00)00084-4 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 382KG UT WOS:000165821000002 ER PT J AU Kantipong, P Walsh, DS AF Kantipong, P Walsh, DS TI Oral penicilliosis in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus in northern Thailand SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CUTANEOUS MANIFESTATIONS; MARNEFFEI; INFECTION AB A 25-year-old Thai woman with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection diagnosed by serology 4 months previously presented to the outpatient clinic with a chief complaint of a sore throat. Three months prior to presentation, she was diagnosed with oral and vaginal candidiasis and bronchitis. The patient was afebrile and other vital signs were normal. Examination of the oral cavity showed patchy erythema and leukoplakia on the buccal mucosa, suggestive of candidiasis. In addition, there were multiple, shiny, translucent papules, 2-4 mm in diameter, especially prominent on the upper palate, suggestive of penicilliosis (Fig. 1). Indeed, a Wright-stained scraping from a papule revealed numerous inflammatory cells, many containing abundant yeast-like organisms undergoing binary fission characteristic of penicilliosis (Fig. 2). A slant agar fungal culture of material from an upper palate papule grew Penicillium marneffei, consisting of white, gritty hyphae with underlying deep red coloring as depicted in Fig. 3, as well as Candida albicans. The oral lesions resolved after 2 weeks of treatment with ketoconazole 200 mg twice daily. C1 Chiang Rai Reg Hosp, Chiang Rai, Thailand. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, USA Med Component, Dept Immunol & Med, Bangkok, Thailand. RP Walsh, DS (reprint author), Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, APO, AP 96546 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0011-9059 J9 INT J DERMATOL JI Int. J. Dermatol. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 39 IS 12 BP 926 EP 928 DI 10.1046/j.1365-4362.2000.00988.x PG 3 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 399EG UT WOS:000166797900011 PM 11168663 ER PT J AU Li, Y Ramesh, KT Chin, ESC AF Li, Y Ramesh, KT Chin, ESC TI The compressive viscoplastic response of an A359/SiCp metal-matrix composite and of the A359 aluminum alloy matrix SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE matrix composite; aluminum alloy; viscoplastic response ID DYNAMIC-MECHANICAL RESPONSE; FUNCTIONALLY GRADED METALS; CERAMIC COMPOSITES; TENSILE PROPERTIES; STRAIN-RATE; DEFORMATION; BEHAVIOR; TEMPERATURE; SHAPE AB The mechanical behaviors of an A359/SiCp metal-matrix composite and of the corresponding A359 cast aluminum alloy have been measured in compression over a wide range of strain rates (10(-4)-10(5) s(-1)) using several different experimental techniques: servohydraulic testing, the compression Kolsky bar, and pressure-shear plate impact. Both the A359 matrix alloy and the A359/SiCp composite show rate dependence of the flow stress in compression, with rate dependences that increase with increasing strain rate. The unreinforced A359 alloy shows strain hardening that is essentially independent of the strain rate, and similar in most respects to the behavior of wrought aluminum alloys such as 6061. The A359/SiCp composite shows rate dependence similar to that of the unreinforced alloy, but also shows significantly less strain hardening than does the matrix alloy. This reduction in strain hardening appears to be a result of progressive particle fracture during these compressive deformations. Using the experimental data on the unreinforced A359 aluminum alloy as the input data for the matrix behavior, and accounting for particle shape and aspect ratio, an analytical model developed recently by the authors is used to estimate the mechanical response of the composite over the whole range of strain rates. The model is able to capture the rate dependence of the flow stress of the composite, and is able to provide a reasonable estimate of the flow stress of the composite material at small strains. However, because the model does not incorporate the particle damage that occurs in the composite, it is unable to predict the changed overall strain hardening of the composite material. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Engn Mech, Lab Impact Dynam & Rheol, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Engn Mech, Lab Impact Dynam & Rheol, 122 Latrobe Hall,3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM ramesh@jhu.edu NR 31 TC 32 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7683 EI 1879-2146 J9 INT J SOLIDS STRUCT JI Int. J. Solids Struct. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 37 IS 51 BP 7547 EP 7562 DI 10.1016/S0020-7683(99)00304-2 PG 16 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 367TM UT WOS:000090077600002 ER PT J AU Edzwald, JK Tobiason, JE Parento, LM Kelley, MB Kaminski, GS Dunn, HJ Galant, PB AF Edzwald, JK Tobiason, JE Parento, LM Kelley, MB Kaminski, GS Dunn, HJ Galant, PB TI Giardia and Cryptosporidium removals by clarification and filtration under challenge conditions SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID DISSOLVED-AIR FLOTATION; WATER AB Used in drinking water treatment in Europe and South Africa since the late 1960s, dissolved-air flotation (DAF) technology is attracting increasing interest in the United States as well. US drinking water regulations, however, have yet to recognize DAF capabilities, with both the Surface Water Treatment Rule and the Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule limiting the definition of conventional treatment to clarification by sedimentation. Because of this, some states give DAF plants only direct filtration credit or require collection of DAF pilot-plant data to demonstrate the technology's capabilities. The authors compared removals of Giardia and Cryptosporidium by clarification (DAF or lamella [plate] sedimentation) and dual-media filtration. Under challenge conditions, DAF outperformed lamella sedimentation, providing consistently higher removals of protozoa. Furthermore, DAF as a clarification process offered the advantage of providing a more effective barrier to the passage of Giardia and Cryptosporidium ahead of the filtration step. Given these findings, the authors argue that DAF plants should receive Giardia and Cryptosporidium removal credits at least equal to those received by sedimentation plants. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Hazen & Sawyer, New York, NY USA. Univ Massachusetts, Environm Engn Program, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. US Mil Acad, Dept Geog & Environm Engn, W Point, NY 10996 USA. BHC Co, Supply Operat, Shelton, CT USA. BHC Co, Engn, Bridgeport, CT USA. RP Edzwald, JK (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. NR 18 TC 19 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 USA SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 92 IS 12 BP 70 EP + PG 16 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 434VK UT WOS:000168836400018 ER PT J AU Frew, DJ Forrestal, MJ Hanchak, SJ AF Frew, DJ Forrestal, MJ Hanchak, SJ TI Penetration experiments with limestone targets and ogive-nose steel projectiles SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MECHANICS-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID CONCRETE TARGETS; ALUMINUM TARGETS; RODS AB We conducted three sets of depth-of-penetration experiments with limestone targets and 3.0 caliber-radius-head (CRH), ogive-nose steel rod projectiles. The ogive-nose rad projectiles with length-to-diameter ratios of ten were machined from 4340 R-C 45 and Aer Met 100 R-C 53 steel, round stock and had diameters and masses of 7.1 mm, 0.020 kg; 12.7 mm, 0.117 kg; and 25.4 mm, 0.931 kg. C1 USA, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Frew, DJ (reprint author), USA, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 24 TC 37 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 12 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0021-8936 EI 1528-9036 J9 J APPL MECH-T ASME JI J. Appl. Mech.-Trans. ASME PD DEC PY 2000 VL 67 IS 4 BP 841 EP 845 DI 10.1115/1.1331283 PG 5 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 407UV UT WOS:000167289900035 ER PT J AU Chen, G Gully, SM Whiteman, JA Kilcullen, RN AF Chen, G Gully, SM Whiteman, JA Kilcullen, RN TI Examination of relationships among trait-like individual differences, state-like individual differences, and learning performance SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Annual Conference of the Society-for-Industrial-and-Organizational-Psychology CY APR 24-26, 1998 CL DALLAS, TEXAS SP Soc Ind & Org Psychol ID STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELS; SELF-EFFICACY; GOAL ORIENTATION; JOB-PERFORMANCE; SKILL ACQUISITION; CORE EVALUATIONS; ABILITY; MOTIVATION; ANXIETY; CONSCIENTIOUSNESS AB Several authors (e.g., J. T. Austin & H. J. Klein, 1996; R. Kanfer, 1990b, 1992) have urged researchers to examine comprehensive models of distal individual differences as predictors of proximal motivational processes and performance. Two field studies in an academic setting tested a model of relationships among trait-like individual differences (cognitive ability, general self-efficacy, and goal orientation), state-like individual differences (state anxiety, task-specific self-efficacy, and goals), and learning performance. Most hypothesized relationships among these constructs received support when tested on 2 samples, when examining different performance episodes, and when using different goal orientation and state-anxiety measures. In general, state-like individual differences were found to mediate the relationships between trait-like individual differences and learning performance. Implications of these results are discussed and suggestions for future research are provided. C1 George Mason Univ, Dept Psychol, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Human Resource Management, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. Human Technol Inc, Mclean, VA USA. USA, Res Inst Behav & Social Sci, Washington, DC USA. RP Chen, G (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Psychol, MSN 3F5, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RI Gully, Stanley/D-1302-2012; OI Gully, Stanley/0000-0003-4037-3883 NR 73 TC 213 Z9 222 U1 2 U2 36 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0021-9010 J9 J APPL PSYCHOL JI J. Appl. Psychol. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 85 IS 6 BP 835 EP 847 DI 10.1037//0021-9010.85.6.835 PG 13 WC Psychology, Applied; Management SC Psychology; Business & Economics GA 381CU UT WOS:000165745400001 PM 11125649 ER PT J AU Anderson, DR Byers, SL Vesely, KR AF Anderson, DR Byers, SL Vesely, KR TI Treatment of sulfur mustard (HD)-induced lung injury SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sulfur mustard; inhalation; bronchoalveolar lavage; injury; rats; n-acetyl cysteine; niacinamide; treatment ID GLUTATHIONE-PEROXIDASE; CYSTEINE ESTERS; RAT LUNG; INHALATION; TOXICITY; ASSAYS AB An in vivo sulfur mustard (HD) vapor exposure model follow-ed by bronchoalveolar ravage was developed previously in this laboratory to study biochemical indicators of HD-induced lung injury, This model was used to test two treatment compounds-niacinamide (NIA) and N-acetyl cysteine (NAC)-for their ability to ameliorate HD-induced biochemical changes. Anesthetized rats were intratracheally intubated and exposed to 0.35 mg of HD in 0.1 ml of ethanol or ethanol alone for 50 min. At the beginning of the exposure (t = 0), the rats were treated with either NIA (750 mg kg(-1)) or NAC (816 mg kg(-1)), i,p, At 24 h post-exposure, rats were euthanized and the lungs were ravaged with saline (three 5-ml washes), One milliliter of the recovered lavage fluid was analyzed for cellular components, The remaining fluid was centrifuged (10 min at 300 g) and the supernatant was assayed on a Cobas FARA clinical analyzer for lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), gamma -glutamyltransferase (GGT), albumin (ALB), total protein (TP) and glutathione peroxidase (GP), The Ho alone and HD+NIA treatment caused significant increases in all of the biochemical parameters compared with control levels, The NAC treatment yielded LDH, ALE and TP values that, although elevated, were not significantly different from the control. The GP levels were significantly higher than the control but significantly lower than the HD alone levels, indicating some protection compared with the HD alone group, The GGT levels were unaffected by NAC compared with Ho alone, Cytological analysis of lavage fluid showed that the percentages of neutrophils were 5.3 +/- 1.0 (mean +/- SEM) for control, 46.6 +/- 4.5 for HD, 31.4 +/- 4.7 for HD + NIA and 21.6 +/- 4.7 for HD + NAG, respectively. The neutrophil counts were significantly higher for the three HD-exposed groups vs controls; however, the NAG-treated group had neutrophil counts lower than HI) alone, indicating decreased inflammatory response. These results show that NAC may be useful as a potential treatment compound for HD-induced lung injury. Copyright (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Anderson, DR (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, 3100 Ricketts Point Rd,MCMR-UV-PA, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0260-437X J9 J APPL TOXICOL JI J. Appl. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 21 SU 1 BP S129 EP S132 PG 4 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 444DG UT WOS:000169383300022 ER PT J AU Arroyo, CM Schafer, RJ Kurt, EM Broomfield, CA Carmichael, AJ AF Arroyo, CM Schafer, RJ Kurt, EM Broomfield, CA Carmichael, AJ TI Response of normal human keratinocytes to sulfur mustard: Cytokine release SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE vesicant agents; sulfur mustard; ELISA; human keratinocytes; IL-1 beta; IL-6; IL-8; TNF-alpha ID HUMAN EPIDERMAL-KERATINOCYTES; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; SKIN; PROLIFERATION; INTERLEUKIN-8; INFLAMMATION; EXPRESSION; EXPOSURE; TOXICITY; CULTURE AB Cytokines play a major role in both acute and chronic inflammatory processes, including those produced by sulfur mustard (2,2 ' -dichlorodiethyl sulfide, HD), This study describes responses of normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK) to HD, defined by interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), IL-6, IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) release. Commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits were used to measure the cytokine release in NHEK during exposure to 100 and 300 muM of HD, Exposure to 100 muM Ho increased the release of cytokines, The amounts of IL-8 and TNF-alpha present in cell suspensions increased up to 59-fold and 4-fold, respectively, above control levels when NHEK were exposed to 300 muM HD Exposure of NHEK to 300 muM HD had a highly variable effect on the release of IL-1 beta, where sometimes the secretion of IL-1 beta increased above baseline level and at other times it decreased in cell suspensions. Supernatants were collected from cell culture flasks 24 h after exposure of 100 and 300 muM HD and significantly increased levels of IL-6 were observed. Interleukin-6 was released in a concentration-dependent manner, 3.6-fold up to 8.4-fold, respectively, in supernatant, These pro-inflammatory mediators IL-1 beta, IL-8, TNF-alpha and IL-6 may play an important role in Ho injury, The present findings suggest that the cytokine changes detected could be used as potential biomarkers of cutaneous vesicant injury. Published in 2000 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, MCMR UV DA, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Res Participat Program, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Armed Forces Radiobiol Res Inst, Appl Cellular Radiobiol Dept, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Arroyo, CM (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, MCMR UV DA, 3100 Ricketts Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0260-437X J9 J APPL TOXICOL JI J. Appl. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 21 SU 1 BP S63 EP S72 PG 10 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 444DG UT WOS:000169383300012 ER PT J AU Arroyo, CM Schafer, RJ Carmichael, AJ AF Arroyo, CM Schafer, RJ Carmichael, AJ TI Reactivity of chloroethyl sulfides in the presence of a chlorinated prophylactic: A kinetic study by EPR/spin trapping and NMR techniques SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE vesicant agents; sulfur mustard; NMR; EPR; spin trapping; chlorinated glycoluril; C-13-NMR; PBN; kinetic; S-330 ID BUTYL 2-CHLOROETHYL SULFIDE; MONOFUNCTIONAL SULFUR MUSTARD; ELECTRON-SPIN-RESONANCE; SUBCUTANEOUS INJECTION AB This study reports the kinetic reaction of a chlorinated glycoluril, 1,3,4,6-tetrachloro-7, 8-diphenyl-2,5-diimino glycoluril, also known as S-330, with butyl 2-chloroethyl sulfide (half-sulfur mustard, H-MG) and bis-(2-chloroethyl) sulfide (sulfur mustard, HD) using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR)/spin trapping and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques. Both II-MO and HD are highly reactive in water and are capable of alkylating a variety of critical target molecules. It is well known that compounds containing reactive chlorine are useful neutralizers of HD and other vesicating agents. Organic compounds containing a chloroamide group are generally preferred. Currently, the reactive mechanism of this chlorinated glycoluril with these chloroethyl sulfides has not been documented. The kinetic experiments were performed by adding the monofunctional sulfur mustard (H-MG) directly to the spin trap agent alpha -phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone (PBN, pH 7.1). The intensity of the EPR spectra obtained from the resulting spin adduct (hyperfine coupling constants a(N) = 1.45 mT and a(H)(beta) = 0.225 mT) was sensitive to the rate at which the spin adduct was formed. Different concentrations of the chloroamide were added to the reaction mixtures of PEN and H-MG, The EPR spectra of separate identical reaction mixtures were recorded with the spectrometer set for kinetic experiments. The rate constant determined by EPR was 1.78 +/- 0.14 x 10(7) M(-1)s(-1). It was found that S-330 reacts 55 times faster than PEN. The results obtained for S-330 by EPR indicate that S-330 is an efficient scavenger of H-MG, Furthermore, a C-13-NMR chemical shift of 0.903 +/- 0.002 ppm was observed for the Cl-N-CN-Cl carbon in S-330 after exposure to HD (1 mM), In addition, the decay of C-13-NMR resonance at 91.7 ppm chemical shift was observed in the presence of HD, The C-13-NMR data showed that the formation of the ethylene sulfonium ion usually found in the case of HD was not observed in the presence of S-330. Published in 2000 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Res Participat Program, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Armed Forces Radiobiol Res Inst, Appl Cellular Radiobiol Dept, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Arroyo, CM (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0260-437X J9 J APPL TOXICOL JI J. Appl. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 21 SU 1 BP S7 EP S12 PG 6 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 444DG UT WOS:000169383300003 ER PT J AU Babin, MC Ricketts, K Skvorak, JP Gazaway, M Mitcheltree, LW Casillas, RP AF Babin, MC Ricketts, K Skvorak, JP Gazaway, M Mitcheltree, LW Casillas, RP TI Systemic administration of candidate antivesicants to protect against topically applied sulfur mustard in the mouse ear vesicant model (MEVM) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sulfur mustard; hydrocortisone; indomethacin; olvanil; inflammation; mouse ear; systemic; osmotic pump ID ARACHIDONIC-ACID; EXPOSURE; EDEMA; SKIN AB The mouse ear vesicant model (MEVM) provides a quantitative edema response as well as histopathological and biochemical endpoints as measurements of inflammation and tissue damage following exposure to the chemical warfare agent sulfur mustard (HD), In the MEVM, several topically applied anti-inflammatory agents provided a significant degree of protection against HD-induced edema and dermal-epidermal separation. This study evaluated the protective effects of three of these pharmacological compounds when administered systemically in the MEVM. Alzet osmotic pumps were used to deliver a subcutaneous dose of the appropriate anti-inflammatory agent, starting 24 h before exposure to sulfur mustard and continuing until 24 h post-exposure to HD, Twenty-four hours after pump implantation, 5 mul of a 195 mM (0.16 mg) solution of sulfur mustard (density = 1.27 g ml(-1); MW = 159; purity = 97.5%) in methylene chloride was applied to the inner surface of the right ear of each mouse. Sulfur mustard injury in the mouse ear was measured by both edema response (fluid accumulation) and histopathotogical damage (necrosis, epidermal-dermal separation). The systemic administration of hydrocortisone, indomethacin and olvanil provided a significant reduction in edema (24%, 26% and 22%, respectively) from the positive control. Compared to HD-positive controls, hydrocortisone, indomethacin and olvanil caused a significant reduction in subepidermal blisters (71%, 52% and 57%, respectively) whereas only hydrocortisone produced a significant reduction in contralateral epidermal necrosis (41%), We show here that these anti-inflammatory drugs are effective when administered systemically in the MEVM. Published in 2000 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Drug Assessment Div, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Comparat Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Babin, MC (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Drug Assessment Div, 3100 Ricketts Point Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0260-437X J9 J APPL TOXICOL JI J. Appl. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 21 SU 1 BP S141 EP S144 PG 4 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 444DG UT WOS:000169383300025 ER PT J AU Baskin, SI Prabhaharan, V Bowman, JD Novak, MJ AF Baskin, SI Prabhaharan, V Bowman, JD Novak, MJ TI In vitro effects of anionic sulfur compounds on the spectrophotometric properties of native DNA SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DNA; thiotaurine; supercoiling; sulfur containing transduction compounds ID MUSTARDS; BINDING AB Several anionic sulfur compounds are recognized as efficacious pretreatments for sulfur mustard (AD) poisoning. Our intent was to see if pretreatment compounds had a direct effect on DNA, a site where HD damage is thought to occur. A modification of the method of Szinicz et al. (Arzneim.-Forsch. 1981; 31: 1713-1717) was used to analyze the UV/VIS spectrum (205-400 nm) (n = 6) of calf thymus DNA (10-15 x 10(3) kDa) in the absence or presence of increasing concentrations of sodium thiosulfate, sodium 2-aminoethanethiosulfonate (thiotaurine), sodium metabisulfite or sodium sulfate. All compounds produced concentration-dependent absorbance decreases primarily at 212 nm, but also at 259 nm, with the exception of sodium sulfate. For example, 8.36 x 10(-4) M sodium thiosulfate reduced the absorbance of DNA at 212 nm by > 60%. The kinetics of sulfur compounds on native DNA need further study, We propose that these anionic sulfur compounds interact with DNA possibly by changing the topology of this macromolecule. Effects may be due to interactions of these sulfur compounds at higher concentrations with DNA, with resulting ligand-DNA supercoiling, This process could protect against HD intoxication, which is caused in part by the uncoiling of DNA. Published in 2000 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Pharmacol, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Drug Assessment, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Baskin, SI (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Pharmacol, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0260-437X J9 J APPL TOXICOL JI J. Appl. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 21 SU 1 BP S3 EP S5 PG 5 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 444DG UT WOS:000169383300002 ER PT J AU Bhat, KR Benton, BJ Rosenthal, DS Smulson, ME Ray, R AF Bhat, KR Benton, BJ Rosenthal, DS Smulson, ME Ray, R TI Role of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) in DNA repair in sulfur mustard-exposed normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sulfur mustard; DNA repair; poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase; keratinocytes; DNA ligase ID BASE EXCISION-REPAIR; LIGASE ACTIVATION AB We previously reported that, in normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK) cultures exposed to the alkylating compound sulfur mustard (bis-(2-chloroethyl) sulfide, HD, 0.3-1mM), there is a rapid (1 less than or equal toh) activation (100% above unexposed control) of the DNA repair enzyme DNA ligase I (130 kD) followed by a first-order decay (1-5 h), The DNA ligase activation is accompanied by a time-dependent (0.5-4 h) and significant DNA repair. Inhibition of another putative DNA repair enzyme, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), by using 3-amino benzamide does not affect DNA ligase activation following HD exposure, but increases the half-life of the activated enzyme threefold, To examine the role of PARP in HD-induced DNA Ligase activation and subsequent DNA repair, we conducted studies using cultured keratinocytes in which the level of PARP had been selectively lowered (greater than or equal to 85%) by the use of induced expression of antisense RNA. In these cells, there was no stimulation of DNA ligase up to 3 h, and a small stimulation (ca. 30% above unexposed control at 5-6 h after HD exposure, A time-course (0.5-6 h) study of DNA repair in HD-exposed PARP-deficient keratinocytes revealed a much slower rate of repair compared with HD-exposed NHEK, The results suggest an active role of PARP in DNA ligase activation and DNA repair in mammalian cells, and also indicate that modulation of PARP-mediated mechanisms may provide a useful approach in preventing HD toxicity. Published in 2000 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, MCMR UV PB, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Lincoln Univ, Lincoln Univ, PA 19352 USA. Georgetown Univ, Sch Med, Washington, DC 20057 USA. RP Ray, R (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, MCMR UV PB, 3100 Ricketts Pt Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0260-437X J9 J APPL TOXICOL JI J. Appl. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 21 SU 1 BP S13 EP S17 PG 5 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 444DG UT WOS:000169383300004 ER PT J AU Blaha, M Bowers, W Kohl, J DuBose, D Walker, J Alkhyyat, A Wong, G AF Blaha, M Bowers, W Kohl, J DuBose, D Walker, J Alkhyyat, A Wong, G TI Effects of CEES on inflammatory mediators, heat shock protein 70A, histology and ultrastructure in two skin models SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Skin(2); EpiDerm; keratinocytes; fibroblasts; CEES; IL-1 alpha; IL-1Ra; sIL-1RII; PGE(2) ID PERFUSED PORCINE SKIN; MUSTARD-INDUCED VESICATION; IRRITANT SULFUR MUSTARD; CHEMICAL WARFARE AGENT; LESIONS; TOXICITY AB Chemical warfare threats require the development of diverse models for the assessment of countermeasures. Human skin products, Skin(2 (R)) (differentiating keratinocytes on a fibroblast-collagen matrix) and EpiDerm((R)) (differentiating keratinocytes) were exposed (2 h) to the sulfur mustard 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES, 1-2 mg l(-1) min(-1)) in humidified air or to humidified air alone. Tissues were evaluated histologically, ultrastructurally and for viability 22 h later; media and tissues were also analyzed for inflammatory mediators. Histology showed that GEES induced the separation of dermal and epidermal regions in Skin(2) with severe damage to basal keratinocytes, Histology and electron microscopy of both products revealed condensation of nuclear chromatin, retraction of spinous processes, collapse of the tonofibrillar network and cytoplasmic vacuolization and blebbing in those cells with loss of pseudobasement membrane integrity. Exposure of Skin(2) to GEES increased extracellular interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha), prostaglandin-E-2 (PGE(2)) and especially IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) release (56334 vs 84 614 pg ml(-1)), but decreased interleukin-6 (IL-6, 4755 vs 351 pg ml(-1)). Exposure of EpiDerm to GEES led to unaffected extracellular and reduced intracellular IL-1 alpha (371 vs 92 pg ml(-1)). Extracellular IL-1Ra greatly increased (2375 vs 24875 pg ml(-1)), whereas cellular levels decreased (165425 vs 96625 pg ml(-1)). Extracellular (224 vs 68 pg ml(-1)) and intracellular (485 vs 233 pg ml(-1)) soluble interleukin-1 receptor II (sIL-1RII) decreased. Prostanglandin E-2 increased (1835 vs 2582 pg ml(-1)), whereas heat shock protein 70A (Hsp70A) remained statistically unchanged (57000 vs 96000 pg ml(-1)). Failure to obtain a heat shock response to GEES may contribute to the susceptibility of tissue to the alkylating agent. Consistent and marked responses of cellular and extracellular IL-1Ra to GEES suggest a potential for use as a tissue status marker and primary antiinflammatory regulator in skin. Published in 2000 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. USA, Natick Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. StressGen Biotechnol Corp, Victoria, BC V8Z 4B9, Canada. RP Blaha, M (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0260-437X J9 J APPL TOXICOL JI J. Appl. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 21 SU 1 BP S101 EP S108 PG 8 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 444DG UT WOS:000169383300018 ER PT J AU Blank, JA Lane, LA Menton, RG Casillas, RP AF Blank, JA Lane, LA Menton, RG Casillas, RP TI Procedure for assessing myeloperoxidase and inflammatory mediator responses in hairless mouse skin SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sulfur mustard; hairless mouse; biomarker; inflammation ID MUSTARD; EXPOSURE; SERINE; MICE AB A preparation procedure for making multiple inflammatory biomarker measurements from the same skin tissue was assessed. The backs of euthymic hairless mice were exposed to sulfur mustard (HD) vapor for 6 min. Animals were euthanized 24 h following exposure, dorsal skin tissue was excised and 12-mm, full-thickness biopsy punches of the exposed skin sites were taken. Specimens were snap-frozen, crushed to a powder using a hiopulverizer unit, solubilized in buffer and centrifuged. Supernatant was assayed for pro-inflammatory cytokines and the acute-phase reactive protein, serum amyloid P (SAP). Myeloperoxidase (MPX), which is indicative of neutrophil infiltration into the skin, was associated with the pellet fraction. Results indicate an elevation of interleukin-6, SAP and MPX in mouse skin tissue specimens 24 h following HD vapor exposure. The tissue preparation procedure allows the use of a single skin specimen to make multiple inflammatory endpoint measurements requiring different preparation processes, and it will be used in subsequent studies to characterize further the inflammatory nature of HD-exposed skin tissue. Copyright (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Med Res & Evaluat Facil, Columbus, OH USA. USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Blank, JA (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Med Res & Evaluat Facil, 505 King Ave,JM-3, Columbus, OH USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0260-437X J9 J APPL TOXICOL JI J. Appl. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 21 SU 1 BP S137 EP S139 PG 3 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 444DG UT WOS:000169383300024 ER PT J AU Byers, S Anderson, D Brobst, D Cowan, F AF Byers, S Anderson, D Brobst, D Cowan, F TI Automated assay for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE NAD(+); sulfur mustard; hairless guinea pigs ID HAIRLESS GUINEA-PIGS; SULFUR MUSTARD; 2,2'-DICHLORODIETHYL SULFIDE; NAD+ LEVELS; CELLS; CULTURE; MODEL AB Sulfur mustard (HD), a vesicating chemical warfare compound, has been shown to deplete the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)) content in several cell systems and tissues. This NAD(+) depletion has been proposed as an indicator of Ho exposure and can be used to evaluate potential antivesicant compounds, To examine NAD(+) levels, an automated method based on the alcohol dehydrogenase cycling assay of Jacobson and Jacobson and utilizing a Cobas FARA clinical analyzer has been developed. Automation of this assay led to smaller sample volumes and more efficient use of personnel and resources, The usefulness of this automated method was tested by evaluating the protection, if any, by the topical application of vitamin D or betamethasone against HD-induced NAD(+) depletion in skin punches from the hairless guinea pig. The results showed that the samples exposed to Ho exhibited significant decreases in NAD(+) levels when compared with controls. However, neither vitamin D nor betamethasone demonstrated protection against HD-induced NAD(+) depletion. In fact, betamethasone exacerbated the NAD(+) depletion when compared with the HD exposed group. This assay appears to be useful for testing potential antivesicant compounds using both in vivo and in vitro exposure systems. Published in 2000 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, MCMR UV PA, Div Pharmacol, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Byers, S (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, MCMR UV PA, Div Pharmacol, 3100 Ricketts Pt Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0260-437X J9 J APPL TOXICOL JI J. Appl. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 21 SU 1 BP S19 EP S22 PG 4 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 444DG UT WOS:000169383300005 ER PT J AU Casillas, RP Kiser, RC Truxall, JA Singer, AW Shumaker, SM Niemuth, NA Ricketts, KM Mitcheltree, LW Castrejon, LR Blank, JA AF Casillas, RP Kiser, RC Truxall, JA Singer, AW Shumaker, SM Niemuth, NA Ricketts, KM Mitcheltree, LW Castrejon, LR Blank, JA TI Therapeutic approaches to dermatotoxicity by sulfur mustard I. Modulation of sulfur mustard-induced cutaneous injury in the mouse ear vesicant model SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mouse ear; sulfur mustard (HD); bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide; skin; inflammation; pharmacological protection; anti-inflammatory; neurogenic inflammation ID HAIRLESS GUINEA-PIGS; SKIN; INFLAMMATION; INDOMETHACIN; NIACINAMIDE; MECHANISM; EXPOSURE AB The mouse ear edema model is recognized for its usefulness in studying skin responses and damage following exposure to chemical irritants, and for evaluating pharmacological agents against chemically induced skin injury. We recently modified the mouse ear edema model for use with sulfur mustard (HD) and used this model to study the protective effect of 33 topically applied compounds comprising five pharmaceutical strategies (anti-inflammatories, protease inhibitors, scavengers/chelators, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, calcium modulators/chelators) against HD-induced dermatotoxicity, Pharmacological modulation of HD injury in mouse ears was established by a reduction in edema or histopathology (epidermal necrosis and epidermal-dermal separation) at 24 h following topical Liquid HD exposure. Ten of the 33 compounds administered as single topical pretreatments up to 2h prior to HD challenge produced significant reductions in edema. Five of these ten also produced significant reductions in histological endpoints, Three candidates (olvanil, indomethacin, hydrocortisone) showing protection at 24 h were evaluated further for 'extended protection' at 48 and 72 h after HD challenge and showed significant modulation of edema at 48 h but not at 72 h. Olvanil also showed significant reductions in histology at 48 and 72 h, Olvanil and indomethacin were shown to reduce significantly the edema at 24 h post-exposure when administered topically 10 min after HD challenge, with olvanil additionally protecting against epidermal necrosis, These results demonstrate prophylactic and treatment effects of pharmacological agents against HD-induced skin injury in an in vivo model and support the continued use of the mouse ear vesicant model (MEVM) for evaluating medical countermeasures against HD. Published in 2000 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Casillas, RP (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, 5050 King Ave,JM-3, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0260-437X J9 J APPL TOXICOL JI J. Appl. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 21 SU 1 BP S145 EP S151 PG 7 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 444DG UT WOS:000169383300026 ER PT J AU Chakrabarti, AK Ray, P AF Chakrabarti, AK Ray, P TI Novel endogenous inhibitor of sulfur mustard-stimulated protease in cultured human epidermal keratinocytes: Possible application in vesicant intervention SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PURIFICATION AB Protease stimulation at the dermal-epidermal junction may be responsible for the skin blistering (vesication) action of sulfur mustard (HD), We have purified a protease to homogeneity from cultured normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK) exposed to 300 muM HD. In this report, we describe the results of our studies on purification and characterization of an endogenous inhibitor of HD-stimulated protease in NHEK, Purification to homogeneity was accomplished by chromatographic separation of the dialyzed Triton X-100-solubilized inhibitor using ion-exchange DEAE-cellulose. Analysis of the purified inhibitor by sodium dodecyl sulfate potlacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed one polypeptide with an apparent molecular mass of 116 kDa. Activity of the inhibitor was screened by incubating different column elute fractions with protease purified from the same cells, Preliminary results showed that the purified inhibitor effectively inhibited the protease isolated from NHEK, whereas other naturally occurring inhibitors, e,g, soybean trypsin-chymotrypsin inhibitors, elafin and aprotinin, were ineffective, Although complete characterization and regulation of this inhibitor remain to be resolved, this purification may be a major step towards developing a specific protective measure against HD-induced toxicity. Published in 2000 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Ray, P (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0260-437X J9 J APPL TOXICOL JI J. Appl. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 21 SU 1 BP S59 EP S61 PG 3 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 444DG UT WOS:000169383300011 ER PT J AU Cowan, FM Broomfield, CA Smith, WJ AF Cowan, FM Broomfield, CA Smith, WJ TI Exposure of human epidermal keratinocyte cell cultures to sulfur mustard promotes binding of complement C1q: Implications for toxicity and medical countermeasures SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sulfur mustard; C1q; C1q receptor; complement; keratinocyte; vesication ID FC-GAMMA-RII; SKIN; ACTIVATION AB Sulfur mustard (HD)-increased proteolytic activity, HD-enhanced expression of Fc receptor (FcR) on human epidermal keratinocytes (HEK) and associated inflammatory responses may contribute to HD pathology. Like the FcR, the first component of the classical complement (C ') cascade, C1q, binds to the Pc region of antibody to mediate inflammatory responses. Complement C1q binds specifically to the C1q receptor (C1qR) on the blebs of apoptotic human keratinocytes and is proposed as a cell surface marker for apoptosis, Assays by fluorescent antibodies demonstrated significantly enhanced binding of C1q to HEK cell cultures exposed to HD, The cell populations of HEK that showed enhanced C1q binding also demonstrated an intermediate uptake of propidium iodide that was greater than in viable unexposed cells but less than in dead cells. The HD-enhanced C1q binding was concentration-dependent, negative by flow cytometry or weakly positive by digital scanning microscopy at 100 muM and positive by both methods at 300 muM. Binding of C1q was also time-dependent, weakly positive at 8 h, and positive at 16 and 24 h after HD exposure. The HD-increased C1qR that binds C1q to the surface of HEK might be a contributing mechanism or a marker for the inflammation and vesication associated with no exposure. Published in 2000 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, MCMR,UV,PB, Biochem Pharmacol Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, MCMR,UV,PB, Biochem Pharmacol Branch, 3100 Ricketts Pt Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0260-437X EI 1099-1263 J9 J APPL TOXICOL JI J. Appl. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 21 SU 1 BP S77 EP S80 PG 4 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 444DG UT WOS:000169383300014 ER PT J AU Graham, JS Reid, FM Smith, JR Stotts, RR Tucker, FS Shumaker, SM Niemuth, NA Janny, SJ AF Graham, JS Reid, FM Smith, JR Stotts, RR Tucker, FS Shumaker, SM Niemuth, NA Janny, SJ TI A cutaneous full-thickness liquid sulfur mustard burn model in weanling swine: Clinical pathology and urinary excretion of thiodiglycol SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sulfur mustard; mass spectrometry; thiodiglycol; clinical pathology; animal model; weanling pigs ID BETA-LYASE METABOLITES; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; HYDROLYSIS PRODUCTS; CHEMICAL WARFARE; BIOLOGICAL FATE; GAS; PIG; LESIONS; SKIN; INJURIES AB Sulfur mustard (bis(2-chloroethyl)sulfide, HD) is a well-known blistering chemical warfare agent. We have developed a cutaneous full-thickness Ho burn model in weanling pigs for efficacy testing of candidate treatment regimens, This report addresses clinical pathology findings and the urinary excretion profile of a major tin metabolite (thiodiglycol, TDG) in this model, Six female Yorkshire pigs were exposed to HD liquid on the ventral surface for 2 h, generating six 3-cm diameter full-thickness dermal lesions per pig. Blood samples were collected throughout a 7-day observation period for hematology and serum chemistry examinations. Urine was collected in metabolism cages, Routine urinalysis was performed and the urine analyzed for TDG using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Examination of clinical pathology parameters revealed subtle HD-related changes that are suggestive of a mild hemolytic episode. No other signs of clinically significant systemic toxicities were noted, including bone marrow suppression. Thiodiglycol was detected at the earliest time point tested (6-8 h post-exposure) at levels ranging from 0.66 to 4.98 mug ml(-1) with a mean of 2.14 mug ml(-1). Thiodiglycol concentrations were the highest for half of the animals at this earliest time point and at 24-48 h for the others, By the evening of day 3, the mean level had reached 50 ng ml(-1). Mean levels remained 10-40 ng ml(-1) for the remainder of the 7-day observation period, with the highest individual concentration noted during this period of 132 ng ml(-1). Our results are in general agreement with the TDG excretion profiles previously described for rodent models and humans, Urinary excretion of absorbed HD in our weanling pig wound healing model appears to follow the same pattern as is seen in other laboratory animals models, In general, urinary excretion of TDG appears to peak within the first 1-4 days following exposure, with detectable levels after 1 week. Relatively high urinary TDG levels may thus indicate agent exposure within the previous 96 h. Low levels significantly above natural background levels may indicate either exposure to low levels of agent or exposure that occurred more than 4 days prior to collection of the sample. Published in 2000 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Comparat Pathol Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Med Res & Evaluat Facil, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Graham, JS (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Comparat Pathol Branch, 3100 Ricketts Point Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0260-437X J9 J APPL TOXICOL JI J. Appl. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 21 SU 1 BP S161 EP S172 PG 12 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 444DG UT WOS:000169383300028 ER PT J AU Logan, TP Graham, JS Martin, JL Zallnick, JE Jakubowski, EM Braue, EH AF Logan, TP Graham, JS Martin, JL Zallnick, JE Jakubowski, EM Braue, EH TI Detection and measurement of sulfur mustard offgassing from the weanling pig following exposure to saturated sulfur mustard vapor SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sulfur mustard; gas chromatography; flame photometric detection; mass spectrometry; Tenax ID HAIRLESS AB Animal models are employed to investigate mechanisms of injury and to evaluate protective measures against sulfur mustard (HD) exposure. The ability to detect and quantify HD enables the researcher to follow safe procedures in handling skin samples. We designed an experimental procedure to measure HD offgassing from animal models. A Minicams (R) -a portable gas chromatograph equipped with a flame photometric detector and on-line sorbent collection and desorption-was used to monitor the HD concentration, Confirming measurements were made using a two-step process that trapped HD on a Tenax sorbent off-line and then transferred the sample by means of an ACEM 900 to a gas chromatograph equipped with either a dame photometric detector or a mass spectrometer, Sulfur mustard offgassing data are presented from three experiments in which weanling pigs were exposed to saturated HD vapor via vapor caps containing 10 mul of HD. The no concentration was measured in time-weighted-average (TWA) units at a specific HD application site. The current 8-h maximum exposure limit for HD is 3-ng l(-1), (I TWA unit). The largest TWA value measured near a 3h time point was a Minicams measurement of 0.48 TWA at 2 h and 53 min after removal of a vapor cap containing HD from a single exposure site on an animal that had 24 concurrent dorsal exposure sites. Gas chromatography/flame photometric detection and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry were used to confirm the Minicams data and to provide greater sensitivity and selectivity down to 0.1 TWA, The gas chromatography/mass spectrometry data confirmed that Ho concentrations fell below 0.1 TWA in < 5h for a specific site. These measurements of HD concentrations provided information on the expeditious and safe handling of HD-exposed tissue. Published in 2000 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Drug Assessment Div, MCMR,UV,DB, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Logan, TP (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Drug Assessment Div, MCMR,UV,DB, 3100 Ricketts Point Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0260-437X J9 J APPL TOXICOL JI J. Appl. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 21 SU 1 BP S199 EP S204 PG 6 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 444DG UT WOS:000169383300034 ER PT J AU Meier, HL Millard, C Moser, J AF Meier, HL Millard, C Moser, J TI Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors regulate the mechanism of sulfur mustard-initiated cell death in human lymphocytes SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sulfur mustard; DNA fragmentation; apoptosis; necrosis; human lymphocyte; poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase; ATP ID HD; MICE AB Sulfur mustard (HD) produces slow-healing skin lesions that contain large, tight fluid-filled blisters. These Lesions are the result of severe damage to areas of the body exposed to HD and require extensive medical care before complete recovery is achieved. Converting the mechanism of HD-initiated cell death from an inflammatory oncosis (homicide) to benign apoptosis (assisted suicide) may reduce the extent of cellular damage and the time required for healing, HD-exposed human lymphocytes lose cellular function, membrane integrity and viability, and suffer degradation of their nuclear components. The treatment of HD-exposed cells with poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors prevents or alters the HD-initiated loss of cell viability, membrane integrity, cellular metabolic constituent (NAD) and cellular energy (ATP), while initiating alterations in nuclear constituents, It is hoped that by preventing or altering these HD-initiated changes we can limit the extent of the injury, decrease the time required for repair and reduce the loss of performance suffered by exposed individuals. The use of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors to assist in initiating apoptosis in affected cells should help to achieve these objectives while preventing the chance of further disease development later in the exposed individuals. Published in 2000 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, MCMR, UV,DB, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Meier, HL (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, MCMR, UV,DB, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0260-437X J9 J APPL TOXICOL JI J. Appl. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 21 SU 1 BP S93 EP S100 PG 8 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 444DG UT WOS:000169383300017 ER PT J AU Moser, J Meier, HL AF Moser, J Meier, HL TI Comparison of cell size in sulfur mustard-induced death of keratinocytes and lymphocytes SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE keratinocytes; sulfur mustard; apoptosis; necrosis; cell size ID CYTOMETRIC ANALYSIS; NAD+ LEVELS; TOXICITY; CULTURE; HD AB Sulfur mustard (HD) is a vesicant chemical warfare agent that directly alkylates cellular DNA and produces DNA strand breaks, To identify cellular models for in vitro screening of antivesicant compounds in DNA repair assays, we compared the mechanism of no-induced cell death in cultured adult normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK) and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL), One parameter that we used to distinguish apoptotic from necrotic cell death was the change in cell size due to HD. In the presence or absence of a poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor (PARPI), cell preparations were exposed to various concentrations of no (0.01-1.0 mM) and harvested at selected times after exposure (up to 24 h). Results from these experiments suggest that, with increasing HD concentration and time, NHEK will fragment irrespective of the presence or absence of PARPI, with cell fragmentation presumably preceded by necrosis, In the absence of PARPI, PBL size initially decreases and then remains constant over time. Previous DNA fragmentation studies indicate that both apoptosis and necrosis occur in HD-exposed PBL in a time-dependent manner. In the presence of PARPI, there is a no concentration- and time-dependent decrease in PBL size that is characteristic of apoptosis, The shift in the mechanism of HD-induced PBL death from apoptosis followed by necrosis to exclusively apoptosis in the absence and presence of PARPI, respectively, is in agreement with previous findings on HD-induced changes in membrane integrity, energy levels and DNA fragmentation. Considering that NHEK fragment early after exposure to HD concentrations that produce vesication in human skin, PBL may be a more appropriate model for use in DNA repair assays. published in 2000 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Pharmacol, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Moser, J (reprint author), USA, MRMC, 504 Scott St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0260-437X J9 J APPL TOXICOL JI J. Appl. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 21 SU 1 BP S23 EP S30 PG 8 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 444DG UT WOS:000169383300006 ER PT J AU Petrali, JP Dick, EJ Brozetti, JJ Hamilton, TA Finger, AV AF Petrali, JP Dick, EJ Brozetti, JJ Hamilton, TA Finger, AV TI Acute ocular effects of mustard gas: Ultrastructural pathology and immunohistopathology of exposed rabbit cornea SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sulfur mustard; cornea; ultrastructure; immunohistopathology; epithelial and basement membrane proteins ID HUMAN SKIN EQUIVALENT; SULFUR MUSTARD AB Whole-body exposure to sulfur mustard (HD) produces cutaneous, respiratory and ocular impairment. Of these, ocular damage causes the most immediate incapacitation. Heretofore, characterization of Ho ocular toxicity has been largely Limited to gross and histological observations. In the present study we explore histological, ultrastructural and immunopathological acute effects of HD ocular exposure and establish correlations with HD toxicity data already documented for dermal exposure. Anesthetized rabbits were exposed to 0.4 mul of liquid HD placed directly on the cornea, Animals were euthanized at 6, 9 and 24 h post-exposure and the eyes were enucleated and processed for histopathology, ultrastructural and immunoperoxidase study. At 6 and 9 h, the most prominent histological feature was nuclear pyknosis, necrosis and loss of polarity of corneal epithelial basal cells to the exclusion of other epithelial cells. At 24 h, all corneal epithelial cells presented degenerative changes, with the epithelium eventually detaching from the underlying basement membrane at the level of the lamina lucida, Microblisters, a characteristic HD-induced skin pathology of the basement membrane zone of animals, were absent in this corneal study, Edema, degenerating fibroblasts and inflammatory cellular infiltrates were persistent stromal responses. Immunopathological effects included changes in antigenicity of bullous pemphigoid protein, laminin, desmosomal protein, Ki67 and p53. These morphological and immunopathological effects of corneal exposure to HD appear to be largely consistent with that previously reported for dermal exposures, perhaps providing shared anatomical considerations for the development of specific HD prophylaxis and therapy. Published in 2000 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Comparat Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Drug Assessment Div, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Petrali, JP (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Comparat Med, 3100 Ricketts Point Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0260-437X J9 J APPL TOXICOL JI J. Appl. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 21 SU 1 BP S173 EP S175 PG 3 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 444DG UT WOS:000169383300029 ER PT J AU Powers, JC Kam, CM Ricketts, KM Casillas, RP AF Powers, JC Kam, CM Ricketts, KM Casillas, RP TI Cutaneous protease activity in the mouse ear vesicant model SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sulfur mustard; protease; chromogenic substrate; fluorogenic substrate; protease inhibitor ID GUINEA-PIG SKIN; SERINE PROTEASES; PEPTIDE; DERIVATIVES; INHIBITION; CYSTEINE; ELASTASE; ESTERS; ALPHA AB Tissue homogenates from mouse ear skin exposed to sulfur mustard (HD, which is a military designation and probably originated from a World War I slang term 'Hun Stuff') were assayed for serine and cysteine protease activities. Enzyme activity was measured using synthetic chromogenic thioester and fluorogenic 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin (AMC) substrates. The tissue samples were obtained from animals (n = 6) at 3, 6, 12 and 24 h post-exposure from the right ear (HD exposed), whereas control samples were obtained from the left ear (treated only with dichloromethane vehicle), The samples of naive control (left and right ear) were obtained from animals that received no Ho treatment (n = 3), Elastase activity was assayed with t-butyloxycarbonyl-Ala-Ala-Ala-thiobenzylester, tryptase activity with benzyloxycarbonyl-Arg-AMC and benzyloxycarbonyl-Arg-thiobenzylester, chymase activity with succinylAla-Ala-Pro-Phe-thiobenzylester and succinyl-Ala-Ala-Pro-Phe-A MC, cathepsin B activity with benzyl-oxycarbonyl-Arg-Arg-AMC, cathepsin H activity with Arg-AMC and calpain activity with succinyl-Leu-Tyr-AMC. The HD-exposed skin homogenates obtained at 12 and 24 h post-exposure had higher elastase activity (670% and 1900% increase) than control samples. For tryptase and calpain activities, only HD-exposed skin homogenates at 24h post-exposure showed higher activities (220% and 170% increase) when compared to the control. No differences from control were observed for HD-exposed skin obtained at 3 and 6h post-exposure for elastase, tryptase and calpain activities, Generally, both unexposed and HD-exposed skin had distinct cathepsin B and cathepsin H enzyme activities and small chymase activity, Enzymatic assays were also performed for other serine, cysteine and metalloproteases, These data document that proteases are involved in HD skin injury and continued assessment of proteolytic activity should be useful for identifying effective antiproteases with therapeutic use in reducing or eliminating tissue injury caused by HD cutaneous exposure, Copyright (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Powers, JC (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Med Res & Evaluat Facil, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0260-437X J9 J APPL TOXICOL JI J. Appl. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 21 SU 1 BP S177 EP S182 PG 6 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 444DG UT WOS:000169383300030 ER PT J AU Price, EO Smith, JR Clark, CR Schlager, JJ Shih, ML AF Price, EO Smith, JR Clark, CR Schlager, JJ Shih, ML TI MALDI-ToF/MS as a diagnostic tool for the confirmation of sulfur mustard exposure SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE laser desorption; mass spectrometry; chemical agents; diagnosis; sulfur mustard; protein adducts ID ASSISTED LASER-DESORPTION; IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT DETERMINATION; NUCLEIC-ACIDS; MATRIX; DESORPTION/IONIZATION; PROTEINS; DNA; ULTRAVIOLET AB The continual threat of chemical and biological warfare has prompted the need for unambiguous analytical methods for the confirmation of agent exposure. In this paper, we have investigated the use of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-ToF/MS) as a diagnostic tool for this purpose. Mass spectral studies of the interaction of sulfur mustard (bis-(2-chloroethyl) sulfide, HD) with hemoglobin and metallothioneine were conducted. In vitro experiments with purified proteins were performed, using both HD and chloroethylethyl sulfide (CEES), in an effort to determine the extent of alkylation and occurrence of HD cross-linking using the MALDI-ToF/MS technique. In a typical experiment, 50 ml of 5 mM HD in acetonitrile was added to an equal volume of 0.5 mM hemoglobin in deionized water followed by vortexing and incubation at room temperature. After 24 h, the samples were analyzed by MALDI-ToF/MS. Mass spectral results indicated the presence of at least two distinct alkylation adducts for both HD and GEES experiments. These results demonstrate that MALDI-ToF/MS is a useful analytical technique to investigate the interaction of HD with biomolecules and may be employed potentially as a diagnostic tool for the confirmation of exposure to chemical warfare agents. Published in 2000 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Pharmacol, Appl Pharmacol Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Shih, ML (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Pharmacol, Appl Pharmacol Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0260-437X J9 J APPL TOXICOL JI J. Appl. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 21 SU 1 BP S193 EP S197 PG 5 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 444DG UT WOS:000169383300033 ER PT J AU Ray, R Benton, BJ Anderson, DR Byers, SL Petrali, JP AF Ray, R Benton, BJ Anderson, DR Byers, SL Petrali, JP TI Intervention of sulfur mustard toxicity by downregulation of cell proliferation and metabolic rates SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sulfur mustard; BAPTA AM; NHEK; cell proliferation; cell metabolism; DNA synthesis; RNA synthesis; protein synthesis; toxicity; protection ID KERATINOCYTES AB Metabolically active and proliferating basal cells in the skin are most sensitive to the potent skin blistering chemical warfare compound HD (bis-(2-chloroethyl) sulfide). We previously described a Ca2+-dependent mechanism of HD (0.3-1 mM) toxicity that was inhibited by the cell-permeant Ca2+ chelator BAPTA AM (1,2-bis(O-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N ' ,N ' -tetraacetic acid acetoxymethyl ester), We describe some cellular effects of BAPTA AM that suggest a mechanism for its protective action. Monolayer log-phase normal human epidermal keratinocytes were incubated (37 degreesC) first in keratinocyte growth medium (KGM) containing BAPTA AM (10-40 muM) or 30 min and then in KGM alone overnight prior to evaluation. The BAPTA AM inhibited cell growth in a concentration-dependent manner with some cellular degeneration above 30 muM (light microscopy), At 20-30 muM, BAPTA AM also inhibited cellular metabolic processes, as evidenced by a lower incorporation of [H-3]-thymidine (DNA synthesis, 54 +/- 5%), [H-3]-uridine (RNA synthesis, 29 +/- 6%) and [C-14]-valine (protein synthesis, 12 +/- 2%) as well as a lower protein content per culture (30 +/- 3%) compared with corresponding untreated controls. However, 20-30 muM BAPTA AM did not cause any demonstrable cytopathology based on morphological (electron microscopy) as well as biochemical (lactate dehydrogenase release, an indicator of cell viability loss) criteria, indicating a lack of acute toxicity. These results suggest that a mechanism of protection by BAPTA AM against HD may be via decreasing some metabolic, and therefore proliferative, rates. Published in 2000 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, MCMR UV PB, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Ray, R (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, MCMR UV PB, 3100 Ricketts Pt Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0260-437X J9 J APPL TOXICOL JI J. Appl. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 21 SU 1 BP S87 EP S91 PG 5 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 444DG UT WOS:000169383300016 ER PT J AU Reid, FM Graham, J Niemuth, NA Singer, AW Janny, SJ Johnson, JB AF Reid, FM Graham, J Niemuth, NA Singer, AW Janny, SJ Johnson, JB TI Sulfur mustard-induced skin burns in weanling swine evaluated clinically and histopathologically SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sulfur mustard; full-thickness dermal burns; chemical burns; debride; weanling swine; animal model; epidermal and dermal necrosis ID HAIRLESS GUINEA-PIGS; CUTANEOUS LESIONS; CHEMICAL WARFARE; GAS; EXPOSURE; INJURIES; MODEL AB Histopathological indicators and clinical observations were used to evaluate wound severity, depth and degree of healing on days 2 and 8 for full-skin-thickness sulfur-mustard (HD)-induced burns in weanling swine. Six female weanling swine were exposed for 2 h to 400 mul of HD at each of six dose sites on the hairless abdominal skin. Biopsy samples (8 mm) were taken from the periphery and from the center of the wound on day 2, and the wound was excised on day 8. Histopathotogical indicators evaluated were epidermal necrosis, follicular necrosis, dermal necrosis, vascular necrosis, depth of injury, ulceration (loss of epidermis), granulation tissue response, neovascularization, re-epithelialization (hyperplasia) and completeness of healing, Wounds were more severe from anterior to posterior, Histopathological assessment of epidermal ulceration and necrosis of epidermis, dermis, basal epithelium, adnexal structures and subcutaneous tissue were useful indicators of wound development on day 2, Granulation tissue response (observed as early as day 8) and re-epithelialization were good indicators of wound healing. Clinical evaluations were performed on day 2 prior to and after debriding, and on study day 8, Clinical observations on study day 2 were for wound size and for exudation, erythema, edema, necrosis and eschar, Clinical observations on study day 8 were for the previous parameters and for re-epithelialization, granulation and infection. Wound size and severity increased from anterior to posterior position. Size, exudation and edema were useful indicators of wound development. These histological and clinical observation parameters will be used in future experiments to compare various treatments for HD-induced burns. Copyright (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Reid, FM (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, 505 King Ave,JM-3, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0260-437X J9 J APPL TOXICOL JI J. Appl. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 21 SU 1 BP S153 EP S160 PG 8 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 444DG UT WOS:000169383300027 ER PT J AU Ricketts, KM Santai, CT France, JA Graziosi, AM Doyel, TD Gazaway, MY Casillas, RP AF Ricketts, KM Santai, CT France, JA Graziosi, AM Doyel, TD Gazaway, MY Casillas, RP TI Inflammatory cytokine response in sulfur mustard-exposed mouse skin SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mouse ear; hairless mouse; cytokine; vesicant; sulfur mustard (HD); bis(2-chlorethyl)sulfide; inflammation; skin; IL-6; IL-1 alpha; IL-1 beta; TNF-alpha ID HAIRLESS GUINEA-PIGS; ADHESION MOLECULES; PRETREATMENT; NIACINAMIDE; SERINE AB Assessment of anti-inflammatory therapies against sulfur-mustard (bis(2-chloroethyl)sulfide, HD)-induced skin injury has mainly relied on qualitative histopathological evaluation. Development of quantifiable inflammatory biomarkers using fast and reliable molecular methods is needed for screening anti-inflammatory drugs against HD injury, In this study, we used two different HD exposure models to determine the in vivo cutaneous response of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), in order to identify a suitable inflammatory biomarker common to both models, In the first model, the backs of hairless mice were exposed to HD vapor (1.4g m(-3)) or sham controls for 6 min using an occluded vapor cup technique. In the second model, right ears of CD1 mice were exposed to a solution (5.0 mul of 195 mM) of HD (0.16 mg) in dichloromethane (CH,CI,) whereas left ears received only CH,CI, (vehicle control). Sulfur-mustard-induced skin inflammation was assessed in skin punch specimens collected at time points up to 24 h post-exposure. Edema was determined by measuring tissue weight, and cytokine content was measured by enzyme immunosorbent assay. Characterized by an increase in edema and IL-6, HD provoked a cutaneous inflammatory response in both models beginning at 6 h post-exposure and continuing to 24 h, An increase in IL-1 alpha was observed only in the hairless mouse model, also beginning at 6 h post-exposure and continuing to 24 h, No IL-1 beta or TNF-alpha response was observed at any time point in either exposure model. These data document the in vivo production of cutaneous IL-6, a distinct inflammatory biomarker, in two different HD exposure models. We conclude that IL-6 should be a useful in vivo biomarker for evaluating anti-inflammatory drugs against HD-induced skin injury. Published in 2000 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, MCMR, UV,DB, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Ricketts, KM (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, MCMR, UV,DB, 3100 Ricketts Pt Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0260-437X J9 J APPL TOXICOL JI J. Appl. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 21 SU 1 BP S73 EP S76 PG 4 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 444DG UT WOS:000169383300013 ER PT J AU Rosenthal, DS Simbulan-Rosenthal, CM Iyer, S Smith, WJ Ray, R Smulson, ME AF Rosenthal, DS Simbulan-Rosenthal, CM Iyer, S Smith, WJ Ray, R Smulson, ME TI Calmodulin, poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase and p53 are targets for modulating the effects of sulfur mustard SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE apoptosis; BAPTA; calmodulin; caspase-3; differentiation; keratinocytes; knockout mice; p53; poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase; sulfur mustard; W-7 ID PROTEIN-KINASE-C; EPIDERMAL DIFFERENTIATION; KERATINOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION; ICE/CED-3 PROTEASE; DNA FRAGMENTATION; CELL-DEATH; APOPTOSIS; CALCIUM; POLYMERASE; EXPRESSION AB We describe two pathways by which the vesicating agent sulfur mustard (HD) may cause basal cell death and detachment: induction of terminal differentiation and apoptosis, Following treatment of normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK) with 10 or 100 muM HD, the differentiation-specific keratin pair K1/K10 was induced and the cornified envelope precursor protein, involucrin, was crosslinked by epidermal transglutaminase, Fibronectin levels were reduced in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The rapid increase in p53 and decrease in Bcl-2 levels was consistent not only with epidermal differentiation but with apoptosis as well. Further examination of biochemical markers of apoptosis following treatment of either NHEK or human papillomavirus (HPV)-immortalized keratinocytes revealed a burst of poly(ADP-ribose) synthesis, specific cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase (PARP) in vivo and in vitro into characteristic 89 and 24 kDa fragments, processing of caspase-3 into its active form and the formation of DNA ladders. The intracellular calcium chelator BAPTA suppressed the differentiation markers, whereas antisense oligonucleotides and chemical inhibitors specific for calmodulin blocked both markers of differentiation and apoptosis, Modulation of p53 levels utilizing retroviral constructs expressing the E6, E7 or E6 + E7 genes of HPV-16 revealed that HD-induced apoptosis was partially p53-dependent. Finally, immortalized fibroblasts derived from PARP -/- 'knockout mice' were exquisitely sensitive to HD-induced apoptosis, These cells became HD resistant when wild-type PARP was stably expressed in these cells. These results indicate that HD exerts its effects via calmodulin, p53 and PARP-sensitive pathways. Copyright (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Georgetown Univ Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Washington, DC 20007 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Rosenthal, DS (reprint author), Georgetown Univ Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, 3900 Reservoir Rd,NW, Washington, DC 20007 USA. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0260-437X J9 J APPL TOXICOL JI J. Appl. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 21 SU 1 BP S43 EP S49 PG 7 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 444DG UT WOS:000169383300009 ER PT J AU Werrlein, RJ Madren-Whalley, JS AF Werrlein, RJ Madren-Whalley, JS TI Effects of sulfur mustard on the basal cell adhesion complex SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sulfur mustard; basal cell; keratins; K5; K14; integrins; alpha(6); beta(4) ID INTERMEDIATE FILAMENT PROTEINS; EPIDERMOLYSIS-BULLOSA SIMPLEX; STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS EPITHELIA; COILED-COIL; ALPHA(6)BETA(4) INTEGRIN; CYTOPLASMIC DOMAIN; GENETIC-DISORDERS; EPIDERMAL KERATIN; CULTURED-CELLS; CDNA SEQUENCE AB Among the most intriguing questions about sulfur mustard (di(2-chloroethyl) sulfide) is why basal cells are the primary targets of its vesicating lesions. To investigate this problem, replicate cultures of human epidermal keratinocytes (HEK) were grown from normal skin and exposed to 400 muM sulfur mustard (HI)) for 5 min, Using fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated antibodies, confocal laser microscopy and image analyses, we found that in early passages, sham-treated HEK maintained in a 0.15 mM Ca2+ medium continued to express keratins K5 and K14 as well as alpha (6)beta (4)-integrin. Both K5 and K14 are intermediate filaments characteristic of basal cells and linked with attachment mechanisms effecting epidermolysis bullosa simplex, a family of blistering skin diseases. Acute exposure to HD caused a statistically significant (P < 0.01) 30.74% decrease in K14 fluorescence within Ih of exposure. Within 2h of exposure, K14 fluorescence decreased to near-zero values. The loss in expression of K14 was progressive and occurred well before the expected appearance of in vivo blisters, which have a dose-dependent, clinical latent phase of 8-24 h, Acute exposure to HD also caused a statistically significant (P < 0.002) decrease in expression of P-4, an integrin which has been associated with junctional epidermolysis bullosa (JEB). Disruption of K-14 and alpha (6)beta (4)-integrin may be early events in the HD injury pathway; however, they had no immediate or obvious effect on cell to substrate attachment. Published in 2000 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Werrlein, RJ (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0260-437X J9 J APPL TOXICOL JI J. Appl. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 21 SU 1 BP S115 EP S123 PG 11 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 444DG UT WOS:000169383300020 ER PT J AU Larson, M Kraus, NC AF Larson, M Kraus, NC TI Representation of non-erodible (hard) bottoms in beach profile change modeling SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE hard bottoms; beach profile change; cross-shore sediment transport; seawall; revetment; scaling; numerical model; laboratory experiment ID SHORE SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; PREDICTION AB Non-erodible or "hard" bottoms are encountered on beaches along many coasts and are often considered a valuable environmental resource that must be protected. Hard bottoms can consist of natural materials such as limestone, coral, shell, worm rock, sedimentary rock, and clay, as well as anthropogenic materials such as rip rap. A hard bottom may be covered or uncovered by sand at various times during a storm, and it imposes a constraint on the sand transport rate. In this study, the SBEACH numerical model was modified to allow calculation of the response to storm waves and change in water level of a sand beach profile with arbitrary configurations of hard bottom. Predictions of the model were compared with one data set from a large wave tank and with several data sets from mid-scale physical model runs. The modified SBEACH model performed well both qualitatively and quantitatively in reproducing the resultant beach profile change in the presence of hard bottom for both monochromatic and random waves. A "scour attenuation coefficient" was introduced to limit unreasonable scour adjacent to vertical or near-vertical side walls of a hard bottom. To numerically simulate the mid-scale physical model runs, a scaling analysis was performed to determine the appropriate values of empirical coefficients in the numerical model. The dimensionless fall speed parameter emerged as the scaling law governing storm-induced beach profile change. Success in numerically simulating the beach-profile change measured in the mid-scale runs provides indirect evidence of the appropriateness of the governing equations of SBEACH in representing the salient physics of storm-induced beach erosion. C1 Univ Lund, Dept Water Resources Engn, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Larson, M (reprint author), Univ Lund, Dept Water Resources Engn, Box 118, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. NR 28 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD WIN PY 2000 VL 16 IS 1 BP 1 EP 14 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 291QN UT WOS:000085747700002 ER PT J AU Sherali, HD Driscoll, PJ AF Sherali, HD Driscoll, PJ TI Evolution and state-of-the-art in integer programming SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article AB Under a unifying theme of exploiting both algebraic and polyhedral special structures present in integer linear programming problems, we discuss the evolution of both technique and philosophy leading to the current state-of-the-art for modeling and solving this challenging class of problems. Integrated throughout the discussion are insights into the rationale and motivation that have contributed in a large part to the past and present direction of research in this fascinating field. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Ind & Syst Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. US Mil Acad, Dept Math Sci, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Sherali, HD (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Ind & Syst Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. NR 16 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0427 J9 J COMPUT APPL MATH JI J. Comput. Appl. Math. PD DEC 1 PY 2000 VL 124 IS 1-2 BP 319 EP 340 DI 10.1016/S0377-0427(00)00431-3 PG 22 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 375PT UT WOS:000165411000018 ER PT J AU Marino, TG West, LA Liewehr, FR Mailhot, JM Buxton, TB Runner, RR McPherson, JC AF Marino, TG West, LA Liewehr, FR Mailhot, JM Buxton, TB Runner, RR McPherson, JC TI Determination of periodontal ligament cell viability in long shelf-life milk SO JOURNAL OF ENDODONTICS LA English DT Article ID BALANCED SALT SOLUTION; STORAGE MEDIA; OSMOLALITY; VIASPAN AB The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of long shelf-life milk to serve as a temporary storage medium for the maintenance of periodontal ligament (PDL) cell viability on avulsed teeth. PDL cells were plated onto 24-well culture plates and allowed to attach for 24 h. Minimal Essential Medium was replaced with regular pasteurized milk (refrigerated milk), long shelf-life milk (Parmalat((R))), or Save-A-Tooth(TM). Tap water served as the negative control, and Minimal Essential Medium served as the positive control. The tissue culture plates were incubated at 37 degreesC for 1, 2, 4, or 8 h. Cell viability was determined using a cell proliferation assay (CellTiter 96(TM) AQ Assay) and absorbance read at 490 nm. ANOVA indicated that all media performed significantly better than tap water at all time periods. At 8 h, PDL cell viability in regular pasteurized milk and long shelf-life milk were significantly greater than in Save-A-ToothTM (p less than or equal to 0.001). There was no significant difference between regular pasteurized milk and long shelf-life milk at any time period. These results suggest that long shelf-life milk, which has the advantage of not requiring refrigeration, is as effective a storage medium for avulsed teeth as regular pasteurized milk and more effective than Save-A-Tooth(TM). C1 USA, Dent Activ, Endodont Residency Program, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. USA, Dental Corps, Ft Gordon, GA USA. Med Coll Georgia, Sch Dent, Dept Periodont, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. Dwight D Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Ft Gordon, GA USA. RP West, LA (reprint author), USA, Dent Activ, Endodont Residency Program, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. NR 17 TC 33 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0099-2399 J9 J ENDODONT JI J. Endod. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 26 IS 12 BP 699 EP 702 DI 10.1097/00004770-200012000-00005 PG 4 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 376PX UT WOS:000165466900003 PM 11471636 ER PT J AU Nelson, EA Liewehr, FR West, LA AF Nelson, EA Liewehr, FR West, LA TI Increased density of gutta-percha using a controlled heat instrument with lateral condensation SO JOURNAL OF ENDODONTICS LA English DT Article AB The purpose of this study was to compare quantitatively the density of standard cold lateral gutta-percha condensation and warm lateral gutta-percha condensation using the System B heating instrument ina low-heat warm lateral condensation technique in an artificial root canal in vitro, Thirty-degree simulated root canals in 30 transparent acrylic blocks were instrumented using Gates-Glidden burs and Quantec (NT Company, Chattanooga, TN) rotary files. The canals were then obturated with gutta-percha using standard cold lateral condensation without sealer, Warm lateral condensation without sealer using the System B instrument at 101 degreesC was then performed on the same 30 canals. A second treatment of warm lateral condensation was then applied to these same canals, The blocks were weighed after the initial canal preparation and after each obturation treatment. Results showed warm lateral condensation of gutta-percha using the System B resulted in a significant increase in density by weight when compared with standard cold lateral condensation, A 23.97% increase in weight was realized after the first heat application, compared with standard lateral condensation, a second heat application produced an additional 2.59% increase in weight over that produced by the first heat application, Data were analyzed using a t test for repeated measures. Both increases were statistically significant (p < 0.001), Warm lateral condensation using the System B instrument results in denser gutta-percha fills by weight when compared with standard cold lateral condensation. C1 USA, Dent Activ, Endodont Residency Program, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. RP Liewehr, FR (reprint author), USA, Dent Activ, Endodont Residency Program, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0099-2399 J9 J ENDODONT JI J. Endod. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 26 IS 12 BP 748 EP 750 DI 10.1097/00004770-200012000-00021 PG 3 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 376PX UT WOS:000165466900014 PM 11471647 ER PT J AU Raghubeer, EV Dunne, CP Farkas, DF Ting, EY AF Raghubeer, EV Dunne, CP Farkas, DF Ting, EY TI Evaluation of batch and semicontinuous application of high hydrostatic pressure on foodborne pathogens in salsa SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; APPLE CIDER; COMMERCIAL MAYONNAISE; ACID ADAPTATION; SURVIVAL; FOODS; INACTIVATION; STORAGE; GROWTH AB The effects of high hydrostatic pressure (HPP; 545 MPa) on strains of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus, and nonpathogenic microorganisms were studied in tomato-based salsa. Products were evaluated for the survival of the inoculated pathogens following HPP treatment and after storage at 4 degreesC and 21 to 23 degreesC for up to 2 months. Inoculated samples without HPP treatment, stored under the same conditions, were also evaluated to determine the effects of the acid environment of salsa on the survival of inoculated strains. None of the inoculated pathogens were detected in the HPP-treated samples for all treatments throughout the storage period. Inoculated pathogens were detected in the non-HPP-treated samples stored at 4 degreesC after 1 month, with L. monocytogenes showing the highest level of survivors. In the non-HPP-treated samples stored at 21 to 23 degreesC, E. coli and S. aureus were not detected after 1 week, but L. monocytogenes was detected in low levels. Studies with nonpathogenic strains of the pathogens were conducted at Oregon State University using HPP treatments in a semicontinuous production system. The nonpathogenic microorganisms (E. coli, Listeria innocua, Listeria welshimeri, and nonenterotoxigenic S. aureus) were inoculated together into a feeder tank containing 100 liters of salsa. Microbiological results of samples collected before HPP treatment and from the aseptic filler were similar to those obtained for the pathogenic strains. No survivors were detected in any of the HPP-treated samples. C1 Nalleys Fine Foods, Tacoma, WA 98409 USA. USA, RD & E Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Flow Int Corp, Kent, WA 98032 USA. RP Raghubeer, EV (reprint author), Flow Int Corp, 23500 64th Ave S, Kent, WA 98032 USA. NR 34 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 63 IS 12 BP 1713 EP 1718 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 381YG UT WOS:000165791200015 PM 11131896 ER PT J AU James, WF Barko, JW Davis, M Eakin, HL Rogala, JT Miller, AC AF James, WF Barko, JW Davis, M Eakin, HL Rogala, JT Miller, AC TI Filtration and excretion by zebra mussels: Implications for water quality impacts in Lake Pepin, upper Mississippi River SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA; SAGINAW BAY; HATCHERY BAY; ERIE; HURON; NITROGEN; SESTON AB Filtration and soluble nutrient excretion were examined over a range of zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) shell lengths (range = 6 to 32 mm) in experimental laboratory systems and combined with in situ shell length frequency distribution and areal estimates of zebra mussel population density to make predictions of overall areal filtration and soluble nutrient excretion rates in Lake Pepin, upper Mississippi River, USA. Zebra mussels removed seston and excreted ammonia and soluble phosphorus in laboratory systems. When normalized with respect to ash-free dry mass (i.e., mug g(-1) AFD mass d(-1)), smaller zebra mussels filtered seston and excreted soluble nutrients at a higher rate than larger zebra mussels. Although overall zebra mussel density is currently very low in Lake Pepin (similar to 150 ind. m(-2)), lakewide chlorophyll filtration rates of similar to7 mg m(-2) d(-1) were equivalent to chlorophyll loading into Lake Pepin via external sources and represented a turnover of 11 days for chlorophyll standing crop in the lake. Lakewide estimates of excretion of soluble phosphorus of similar to3 mg m(-2) d(-1) by zebra mussels in Lake Pepin were comparable to internal phosphorus loading from anoxic sediments in other eutrophic freshwater aquatic systems. Our results suggest that zebra mussels are currently having a modest impact on phytoplankton dynamics and P and N recycling in this system. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Waterways Expt Stn, Eau Galle Aquat Ecol Lab, Spring Valley, WI 54767 USA. USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Lake City, MN 55041 USA. US Geol Survey, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, Onalaska, WI 54650 USA. RP James, WF (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Waterways Expt Stn, Eau Galle Aquat Ecol Lab, POB 237, Spring Valley, WI 54767 USA. NR 18 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 20 PU OIKOS PUBL INC PI LA CROSSE PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 USA SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 15 IS 4 BP 429 EP 437 DI 10.1080/02705060.2000.9663764 PG 9 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 375YW UT WOS:000165431900001 ER PT J AU McAnally, WH Mehta, AJ AF McAnally, WH Mehta, AJ TI Aggregation rate of fine sediment SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID GRAINED LAKE-SEDIMENTS; FLOCCULATION; FLOC AB A dynamical description of estuarial fine sediment aggregation has been developed. The spectrum of fine particle or agglomerate size is represented by a discrete number of classes based on particle mass. Aggregation and disaggregation, respectively, move mass up and down through the classes. The frequency of two- and three-body particle collisions due to Brownian motion, shearing and differential settling is expressed by simple statistical relationships, using a new form of the collision efficiency parameter. This parameter is defined by nondimensional terms accounting for the physical and chemical forces that determine whether close encounters result in collisions. Calculations of the rate of change of sediment mass for each class as the aggregation process approaches equilibrium, when compared with previously obtained data in a Couette chamber, highlight the need to characterize the sediment as to particle density and strength. Near equilibrium three-body collisions seem to play a major role by disaggregating particles that have been aggregated by the more numerous but less forceful two-body collisions. C1 USA, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Wtwy Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Coastal & Oceanog Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP McAnally, WH (reprint author), USA, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Wtwy Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 29 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 5 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD DEC PY 2000 VL 126 IS 12 BP 883 EP 892 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2000)126:12(883) PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 374WK UT WOS:000165367200003 ER PT J AU Thornton, CI Abt, SR Morris, CE Fischenich, JC AF Thornton, CI Abt, SR Morris, CE Fischenich, JC TI Calculating shear stress at channel-overbank interfaces in straight channels with vegetated floodplains SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID COMPOUND CHANNEL; FLOW AB A series of eight experiments was performed in a physical model of a compound channel to quantify the apparent shear stress at the interface between a main channel and both a vegetated and unvegetated floodplain. Data were analyzed using a turbulence-based method for calculating the apparent shear stress as a function of the fluctuation in channel velocities. A predictive expression was developed to permit the estimation of the apparent shear stress at the boundary of a main channel and floodplain as a function of the bed shear stress, average velocity, and depth in both the main channel and floodplain and the blockage caused by floodplain vegetation. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Mussetter Engn Inc, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, WES, Engn Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Thornton, CI (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NR 17 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 7 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD DEC PY 2000 VL 126 IS 12 BP 929 EP 936 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2000)126:12(929) PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 374WK UT WOS:000165367200008 ER PT J AU Guttieri, MC Bookwalter, C Schmaljohn, C AF Guttieri, MC Bookwalter, C Schmaljohn, C TI Expression of a human, neutralizing monoclonal antibody specific to Puumala virus G2-protein in stably-transformed insect cells SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE Puumala virus; monoclonal antibody; insect cell; stable transformation ID KOREAN HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; HANTAAN VIRUS; NEPHROPATHIA-EPIDEMICA; RENAL SYNDROME; IMMUNE-COMPLEXES; ETIOLOGIC AGENT; BACULOVIRUS; HANTAVIRUS; PATHOGENESIS; INFECTIONS AB We cloned the heavy- and light-chain antibody genes of a human X (human x mouse) trioma secreting a neutralizing, IgG monoclonal antibody to the G2-protein of Puumala virus. The antibody genes were inserted separately into plasmid transfer vector pIEI-4 such that the genes were under control of the baculovirus immediate early gene promoter, IEI. Trichoplusia ni (TN) cells were co-transfected with these constructs and a selection plasmid containing a neomycin-resistance gene. Cloned transformants expressing the IgG monoclonal antibody were identified by ELISA of transfected TN cell culture supernatants. TN cell lines were established from four selected clones, of which one was chosen for detailed analysis. Specificity of the insect cell-expressed human antibody was determined by ELISA with Puumala virus-infected cell lysates and by immune-precipitation of radiolabeled Puumala virus proteins. The expressed IgG retained the ability to neutralize Puumala virus in plaque-reduction neutralization assays. Using competitive polymerase chain reaction methods, multiple copies of integrated heavy- and Light-chain antibody genes were detected in the insect cell genome. The transformed insect cells were stable and continuously expressed biologically active IgG. We conclude that this methodology provides an alternative eukaryotic source for the generation of human antibodies. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science BN. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Guttieri, MC (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Bldg 1301,Ft Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. NR 39 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1759 J9 J IMMUNOL METHODS JI J. Immunol. Methods PD DEC 1 PY 2000 VL 246 IS 1-2 BP 97 EP 108 DI 10.1016/S0022-1759(00)00299-4 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology GA 380JW UT WOS:000165699300010 PM 11121551 ER PT J AU Wolfenstine, J Shictman, M Read, J Foster, D Behl, W AF Wolfenstine, J Shictman, M Read, J Foster, D Behl, W TI The effect of the Mn-ion oxidation state on propylene carbonate decomposition SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE primary batteries; cathode; manganese oxide; decomposition; propylene carbonate; carbon dioxide ID BATTERIES; BEHAVIOR AB Cyclic voltammetry revealed that the oxidation voltage of propylene carbonate (PC) containing 1 M LiClO4 on MnO, Mn2O3 and MnO2 is approximately 4.7 V. This suggests that the oxidation of PC is independent of the Mn-ion oxidation state. Gas chromatography results support the voltammetry results. CO2 is the major gas evolved from the decomposition of PC on MnO, Mn2O3 and MnO2. Reducing the oxidation state of the Mn-ion does not eliminate CO2 gas formation in the Li/MnO2 system. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, SE,DC, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Wolfenstine, J (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, SE,DC, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD DEC PY 2000 VL 91 IS 2 BP 118 EP 121 DI 10.1016/S0378-7753(00)00468-7 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 371HR UT WOS:000165173600006 ER PT J AU Goldstein, MI AF Goldstein, MI TI Nest-site characteristics of Crested Caracaras in La Pampa, Argentina SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Crested Caracara; Caracara plancus; nest characteristics; grasslands; Argentina ID BREEDING BIOLOGY C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Goldstein, MI (reprint author), Mendocino Redwood Co, POB 489, Ft Bragg, CA 95437 USA. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 34 IS 4 BP 330 EP 333 PG 4 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 395UY UT WOS:000166600700013 ER PT J AU Thomas, M Sing, H Belenky, G Holcomb, H Mayberg, H Dannals, R Wagner, H Thorne, D Popp, K Rowland, L Welsh, A Balwinski, S Redmond, D AF Thomas, M Sing, H Belenky, G Holcomb, H Mayberg, H Dannals, R Wagner, H Thorne, D Popp, K Rowland, L Welsh, A Balwinski, S Redmond, D TI Neural basis of alertness and cognitive performance impairments during sleepiness. I. Effects of 24 h of sleep deprivation on waking human regional brain activity SO JOURNAL OF SLEEP RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE alertness; cognitive performance; prefrontal cortex; regional brain activity; sleep deprivation; thalamus ID POSITRON-EMISSION-TOMOGRAPHY; CEREBRAL GLUCOSE-UTILIZATION; EYE-MOVEMENT SLEEP; BLOOD-FLOW CHANGES; SLOW-WAVE SLEEP; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; METABOLIC-RATE; FUNCTIONAL NEUROANATOMY; RETICULAR-FORMATION; ENERGY-METABOLISM AB The negative effects of sleep deprivation on alertness and cognitive performance suggest decreases in brain activity and function, primarily in the thalamus, a subcortical structure involved in alertness and attention, and in the prefrontal cortex, a region subserving alertness, attention, and higher-order cognitive processes. To test this hypothesis, 17 normal subjects were scanned for quantifiable brain activity changes during 85 h of sleep deprivation using positron emission tomography (PET) and (18)Fluorine-2-deoxyglucose ((18)FDG), a marker for regional cerebral metabolic rate for glucose (CM Rglu) and neuronal synaptic activity. Subjects were scanned prior to and at 24-h intervals during the sleep deprivation period, for a total of four scans per subject. During each 30 min (18)FDG uptake, subjects performed a sleep deprivation-sensitive Serial Addition/Subtraction task. Polysomnographic monitoring confirmed that subjects were awake. Twenty-four hours of sleep deprivation, reported here, resulted in a significant decrease in global CMRglu, and significant decreases in absolute regional CMRglu in several cortical and subcortical structures. No areas of the brain evidenced a significant increase in absolute regional CMRglu. Significant decreases in relative regional CMRglu, reflecting regional brain reductions greater than the global decrease, occurred predominantly in the thalamus and prefrontal and posterior parietal cortices. Alertness and cognitive performance declined in association with these brain deactivations. This study provides evidence that short-term sleep deprivation produces global decreases in brain activity, with larger reductions in activity in the distributed cortico-thalamic network mediating attention and higher-order cognitive processes, and is complementary to studies demonstrating deactivation of these cortical regions during NREM and REM sleep. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Neuropsychiat, MCMR UWI C, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Psychiat, Maryland Psychiat Res Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Sch Med, Dept Radiol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Rotman Res Inst, Toronto, ON, Canada. Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Thomas, M (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Neuropsychiat, MCMR UWI C, 503 Robert Grant Ave,Room 2W88, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RI Sanguansri, Luz/B-6630-2011 OI Sanguansri, Luz/0000-0003-1908-7604 FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01RR02719] NR 104 TC 480 Z9 490 U1 11 U2 61 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0962-1105 J9 J SLEEP RES JI J. Sleep Res. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 9 IS 4 BP 335 EP 352 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2869.2000.00225.x PG 18 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 394KZ UT WOS:000166524400003 PM 11123521 ER PT J AU Wesensten, NJ Balkin, TJ Belenky, G AF Wesensten, NJ Balkin, TJ Belenky, G TI Differentiating sleep continuity effects from sleep stage effects - Reply SO JOURNAL OF SLEEP RESEARCH LA English DT Letter C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Neuropsychiat, Dept Neurobiol & Behav, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Wesensten, NJ (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Neuropsychiat, Dept Neurobiol & Behav, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0962-1105 J9 J SLEEP RES JI J. Sleep Res. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 9 IS 4 BP 404 EP 406 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2869.2000.0215b.x PG 3 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 394KZ UT WOS:000166524400015 ER PT J AU McClean, MD Runyan, CM AF McClean, MD Runyan, CM TI Variations in the relative speeds of orofacial structures with stuttering severity SO JOURNAL OF SPEECH LANGUAGE AND HEARING RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE stuttering; orofacial speed; speech-motor control; lips; tongue; jaw; movement coordination ID SENSITIVITY; PARAMETERS; DISCHARGE; AFFERENTS; MOVEMENTS; CHILDREN; STRETCH; LIP AB Stuttering can be characterized in part as a disorder in the coordination of different muscle systems. In light of basic aspects of orofacial physiology and development, the speeds of the lips and tongue relative to the jaw mar be an important dimension For evaluating motor coordination among persons who stutter (PWS). To test this idea, an electromagnetic system was used to obtain measures of lip, tongue, and jaw speed in 38 adults (29 PWS and 9 normally fluent speakers, NFS) as they repeated a simple speech utterance at a normal rate. Using categorical ratings of stuttering severity, ratios of tongue speed to jaw speed were significantly greater in PWS rated as severe, compared to NFS and other PWS. Significant increases in lower lip-to-jaw and tongue-to-jaw speed ratios with stuttering severity were also reflected in correlation analyses relating speed ratios to a continuous measure of stuttering severity These trends in speed ratio were related to increases in lower lip and tongue speed and decreases in jaw speed with stuttering severity Sources of the speed differences are discussed in relation to underlying muscle activity, motor compensation processes in adults, and the development of orofacial motor control in children who stutter. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Army Audiol & Speech Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. James Madison Univ, Harrisonburg, VA 22807 USA. RP McClean, MD (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Army Audiol & Speech Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. FU NIDCD NIH HHS [DC03659] NR 26 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC PI ROCKVILLE PA 10801 ROCKVILLE PIKE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-3279 USA SN 1092-4388 J9 J SPEECH LANG HEAR R JI J. Speech Lang. Hear. Res. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 43 IS 6 BP 1524 EP 1531 PG 8 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 386MW UT WOS:000166067000017 PM 11193970 ER PT J AU Baylot, JT AF Baylot, JT TI Effect of soil flow changes on structure loads SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article AB Current methods of analyzing the response of buried structures to ground shock loads consider the effects of structure response on structure loads, but do not consider the effects of structure motion on the soil flow near the structure and subsequent changes in the structure loads and response. Analyses of the effects of these soil how changes for a high explosive detonation very close to a structure have not been reported until. now. In this paper, dynamic finite-element analyses, including the detonation of high explosives in the soil, are used to determine the changes in soil flow and structure loads. These analyses demonstrate that the soil flow near the structure changes significantly due to structure motion, and neglecting these changes in flow causes the underprediction of late-time loads and structure response. C1 USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Baylot, JT (reprint author), USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA SN 0733-9445 J9 J STRUCT ENG-ASCE JI J. Struct. Eng.-ASCE PD DEC PY 2000 VL 126 IS 12 BP 1434 EP 1441 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2000)126:12(1434) PG 8 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 374LM UT WOS:000165346700008 ER PT J AU Smith, KJ Skelton, H AF Smith, KJ Skelton, H TI Histopathologic features seen in Gianotti-Crosti syndrome secondary to Epstein-Barr virus SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACUTE INFECTIOUS-MONONUCLEOSIS; DISEASE AB Background: Gianotti-Crosti syndrome (GCS) or infantile papular acrodermatitis presents as a symmetric erythematous lichenoid papular and papulovesicular eruption of the face, extremities, and buttocks, usually occurring in young children. GCS has been associated with hepatitis B and enteroviruses, as well as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and, rarely, cytomegalovirus. Objective: The purpose of this study was to use immunohistochemical studies to determine the pattern of the lymphoid infiltrate and evidence for viral antigens in cases of EBV-associated GCS. Methods: Routine histologic and immunohistochemical stains were evaluated in 3 patients with typical GCS. All 3 patients showed serologic evidence of an acute EBV infection. The immunohistochemical studies included monoclonal antibodies for CD3, CD4, CD8, CD20, TIA, S-100 protein, KP-1, EBV latent membrane antigen-1, and EBV-encoded nuclear antigen-2. Results: All biopsy specimens showed minimal epidermal spongiosis with marked papillary dermal edema. The associated inflammatory infiltrate showed a mixed mononuclear cell infiltrate with rare eosinophils. Immunohistochemical stains for latent membrane antigen-1 and EBV-encoded nuclear antigen-2 were negative for EBV The majority of mononuclear cells showed membrane staining for CD3, 30% to 40% of the CD3 mononuclear cells showed positive staining for CD4, and 50% to 60% showed positive staining with CD8. TIA(+) cells appeared to correspond to the CD8(+) cells. Conclusion: Although papillary dermal edema has been reported within the spectrum of histologic findings in GCS, it was marked and a consistent finding in the 3 cases in which EBV was the mast likely etiologic agent. The presence of large numbers of cytotoxic T cells in the inflammatory infiltrate may have accentuated this histologic finding and may be a relatively distinctive histologic finding with; GCS associated with EBV. C1 USN, Natl Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol & Pathol, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. Lab Corp Amer, Herndon, VA USA. RP Smith, KJ (reprint author), USN, Natl Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol & Pathol, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. NR 17 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0190-9622 J9 J AM ACAD DERMATOL JI J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 43 IS 6 BP 1076 EP 1079 DI 10.1067/mjd.2000.109289 PG 4 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 380KB UT WOS:000165700000014 PM 11100026 ER PT J AU Johnson, BE Julien, PY Molnar, DK Watson, CC AF Johnson, BE Julien, PY Molnar, DK Watson, CC TI "The two-dimensional upland erosion model CASC2D-SED" - Reply to discussion by Raymond C. Whittemore SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Johnson, BE (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 36 IS 6 BP 1437 EP 1437 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2000.tb05739.x PG 1 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 391LP UT WOS:000166357700019 ER PT J AU Watson, S AF Watson, S TI Suffering soldiers: Revolutionary war veterans, moral sentiment, and political culture in the early republic SO JOURNAL OF THE EARLY REPUBLIC LA English DT Book Review C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Watson, S (reprint author), US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC HISTORIANS EARLY AMERICAN REPUBLIC PI W LAFAYETTE PA PURDUE UNIV, 1358 UNIV HALL, W LAFAYETTE, IN 47907-1358 USA SN 0275-1275 J9 J EARLY REPUBL JI J. Early Repub. PD WIN PY 2000 VL 20 IS 4 BP 731 EP 734 DI 10.2307/3125020 PG 4 WC History SC History GA 410LN UT WOS:000167441600017 ER PT J AU Jiang, RZ Chu, D AF Jiang, RZ Chu, D TI Remarkably active catalysts for the electroreduction of O-2 to H2O for use in an acidic electrolyte containing concentrated methanol SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PROTOPORPHYRIN MODIFIED ELECTRODE; CHEMICALLY MODIFIED ELECTRODES; ELECTROCATALYTIC REDUCTION; FUEL-CELL; DISK ELECTRODE; FILM ELECTRODE; HEAT-TREATMENT; OXYGEN; DIOXYGEN; CARBON AB Focusing on methanol tolerance, a series of heat-treated metalloporphyrins were investigated by steady-state voltammetry with a rotating disk electrode. The heat-treated CoTPP/FeTPP (tetraphenylporphyrin) shows the optimum catalytic activity for oxygen reduction with an onset catalytic potential [0.9 V vs, reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE)] close to that of platinum black catalyst (1.0 V vs. RHE). However. the catalytic activity for oxygen reduction on platinum black catalyst is severely affected by the presence of 1.0 M methanol, resulting in a negative shift uf the catalytic potential and a significant decrease in catalytic current. The catalytic activity for oxygen reduction on the heat-treated metalloporphyrin is not appreciably affected by the presence of the same amount of methanol in an acidic electrolytic solution. The catalytic activity of the heat-treated binary metalloporphyrin catalyst is better than that of only a heat-treated single metalloporphyrin. The best heat-treatment (HT) temperature for HT-CoTPP/FeTPP is 600 degreesC. The catalytic kinetic process is analyzed using various polarization curves for oxygen reduction at different rotation rates. The slopes obtained from the Koutecky-Levich plots have verified that the heat-treated metalloporphyrins can catalyze a four-electron reduction of oxygen to water over a wide potential range. (C) 2000 The Electrochemical Society. C1 USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Jiang, RZ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 24 TC 139 Z9 140 U1 2 U2 29 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 147 IS 12 BP 4605 EP 4609 DI 10.1149/1.1394109 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 376RD UT WOS:000165469800035 ER PT J AU Smith, CV Bauer, JJ Connelly, RR Seay, T Kane, C Foley, J Thrasher, JB Kusuda, L Moul, JW AF Smith, CV Bauer, JJ Connelly, RR Seay, T Kane, C Foley, J Thrasher, JB Kusuda, L Moul, JW TI Prostate cancer in men age 50 years or younger: A review of the Department of Defense Center for Prostate Disease Research multicenter prostate cancer database SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Review DE prostatic neoplasms; therapeutics; prostatectomy; age factors ID RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY; CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; RECURRENCE; ANTIGEN; STAGE; LESS; OLD; PROGNOSIS; THERAPY AB Purpose: Prostate cancer in men age 50 years or younger traditionally has accounted for approximately 1% of those diagnosed with prostate cancer. Prior studies of prostate cancer in men of this age led many clinicians to believe that they have a less favorable outcome than older men. Most of these studies were conducted before the advent of prostate specific antigen (PSA) screening programs. We evaluated a surgically treated cohort of men age 50 years or younger to determine whether disease recurred more frequently among them than in those 51 to 69 years old in the PSA era. Materials and Methods: We reviewed the medical records of 477 men who underwent radical prostatectomy between 1988 and 1997. Age, ethnicity, preoperative PSA, clinical and pathological stage, margin and seminal vesicle involvement, and recurrence were compared between 79 men age 50 years or younger (study group) and 398, 51 to 69 years old (comparison group). Disease-free survival rates were compared using Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression techniques. Results: There were 6 (7.6%) recurrences in the study group (79) and 107 (26.9%) in the comparison group (398), The disease-free survival curves were significantly different (log-rank p = 0.010). Age remained a significant prognostic factor (Wald p = 0.033) in multivariate Cox regression analyses that controlled for race, clinical and pathological stage, and pretreatment PSA. Similar results were found when the comparison group was limited to 116 patients 51 to 59 years old (log-rank p = 0.034, Wald p = 0.069). Conclusions: These data suggest that patients in the PSA era who underwent radical prostatectomy and were age 50 years or younger have a more favorable disease-free outcome compared to older men. C1 Ctr Prostate Dis Res, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Urol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Urol Serv, Lackland, TX 78236 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Urol Serv, San Antonio, TX USA. USN, Med Ctr, Urol Serv, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Madigan Army Med Ctr, Urol Serv, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Urol Serv, Portsmouth, VA USA. RP Moul, JW (reprint author), Ctr Prostate Dis Res, 1530 E Jefferson St, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. NR 29 TC 72 Z9 79 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 164 IS 6 BP 1964 EP 1967 DI 10.1016/S0022-5347(05)66929-7 PG 4 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 372KJ UT WOS:000165232600028 PM 11061892 ER PT J AU Canby-Hagino, ED Morey, AF Jatoi, I Perahia, B Bishoff, JT AF Canby-Hagino, ED Morey, AF Jatoi, I Perahia, B Bishoff, JT TI Fibrin sealant treatment of splenic injury during open and laparoscopic left radical nephrectomy SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE kidney; spleen; nephrectomy; iatrogenic disease; fibrin tissue adhesive ID RENAL-CELL CARCINOMA; GLUE; COMPLICATIONS; EXPERIENCE; FISTULA AB Purpose: We describe the use of fibrin sealant for rapid and definitive hemostasis of splenic injuries incurred during open and laparoscopic left nephrectomy. Materials and Methods: In 2 patients undergoing left nephrectomy for a suspicious renal mass splenic laceration occurred during mobilization of the colonic splenic flexure at open nephrectomy and laparoscopic upper pole dissection, respectively. Fibrin sealant was applied topically in each case. Results: In each patient fibrin sealant achieved immediate hemostasis and each recovered without further splenic bleeding. Conclusions: The topical application of fibrin sealant safely, rapidly and reliably achieves definitive hemostasis of splenic injuries. It is simple to use in the open and laparoscopic approaches. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Urol Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Urol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Canby-Hagino, ED (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Urol Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 16 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 164 IS 6 BP 2004 EP 2005 DI 10.1016/S0022-5347(05)66939-X PG 2 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 372KJ UT WOS:000165232600038 PM 11061902 ER PT J AU Ignatius, R Marovich, M Mehlhop, E Villamide, L Mahnke, K Cox, WI Isdell, F Frankel, SS Mascola, JR Steinman, RM Pope, M AF Ignatius, R Marovich, M Mehlhop, E Villamide, L Mahnke, K Cox, WI Isdell, F Frankel, SS Mascola, JR Steinman, RM Pope, M TI Canarypox virus-induced maturation of dendritic cells is mediated by apoptotic cell death and tumor necrosis factor alpha secretion SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CYTOTOXIC T-LYMPHOCYTES; VACCINIA VIRUS; MEASLES-VIRUS; RHESUS MACAQUES; PRODUCTIVE INFECTION; SERONEGATIVE ADULTS; RECOMBINANT VACCINE; RABIES RECOMBINANT; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; CANINE-DISTEMPER AB Recombinant avipox viruses are being widely evaluated as vaccines. To address how these viruses, which replicate poorly in mammalian cells, might be immunogenic, we studied how canarypox virus (ALVAC) interacts with primate antigen-presenting dendritic cells (DCs). When human and rhesus macaque monocyte-derived DCs were exposed to recombinant ALVAC, immature DCs were most susceptible to infection. However, many of the infected cells underwent apoptotic cell death, and dying infected cells were engulfed by uninfected DCs. Furthermore, a subset of DCs matured in the ALVAC-exposed DC cultures. DC maturation coincided with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) secretion and was significantly blocked in the presence of anti-TNF-alpha antibodies. Interestingly, inhibition of apoptosis with a caspase 3 inhibitor also reduced some of the maturation induced by exposure to ALVAC. This indicates that both TNF-alpha and the presence of primarily apoptotic cells contributed to DC maturation. Therefore, infection of immature primate DCs with ALVAC results in apoptotic death of infected cells, which can be internalized by noninfected DCs driving DC maturation in the presence of the TNF-alpha secreted concomitantly by exposed cells. This suggests an important mechanism that may influence the immunogenicity of avipox virus vectors. C1 Rockefeller Univ, Cellular Physiol & Immunol Lab, New York, NY 10021 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Retrovirol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Virogenet Corp, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Pope, M (reprint author), Rockefeller Univ, Cellular Physiol & Immunol Lab, 1230 York Ave, New York, NY 10021 USA. RI Steinman, Ralph/F-7729-2012 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 40877, AI 44335, R01 AI040877, R37 AI040877] NR 66 TC 94 Z9 96 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 74 IS 23 BP 11329 EP 11338 DI 10.1128/JVI.74.23.11329-11338.2000 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA 461LM UT WOS:000170365800054 PM 11070033 ER PT J AU Blank, S AF Blank, S TI From Kosovo to Kursk: Russian defense policy from Yeltsin to Putin SO KOREAN JOURNAL OF DEFENSE ANALYSIS LA English DT Review ID POLITICS AB Civilian control of the armed forces is an essential element in the democratization of formerly authoritarian or totalitarian states. Yet Russia has failed to achieve such control either under Yeltsin or under Vladimir Putin, its current president. This failure endangers both Russian democracy and Russian security as it creates auspicious conditions for continuing domestic authoritarianism and internal war at home as well as foreign adventurism. This article traces the consequences of that lack of democratic civilian control in the Russian armed forces from the Kosovo descent of mid-1999 until the tragic sinking of the Kursk submarine in August 2000. It assesses the reason behind the Kosovo operation as well as the Chechen war that began August-September 1999. Despite the undoubted Chechen threat, this war goes far beyond a riposte to that threat. Indeed, it reflects all of the pathologies inherent in the failure to achieve democratization and it has contributed as well to the hardening of Russia's posture vis-a-vis the West and to the failure to achieve democratic reform in the armed forces. Until and unless Russia overcomes those impediments to reform, it will be internally anti-democratic or incompletely democratic, prone to military adventures, and anti-Western in its overall security policies. C1 USA, War Coll, Strateg Studies Inst, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Blank, S (reprint author), USA, War Coll, Strateg Studies Inst, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 117 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU KOREAN INST DEFENSE ANALYSES PI SEOUL PA OFFICE RESEARCH COOPERATION, PO BOX 250,, SEOUL 130-650, SOUTH KOREA SN 1016-3271 J9 KOREAN J DEF ANAL JI Korean J. Def. Anal. PD WIN PY 2000 VL 12 IS 2 BP 231 EP 273 PG 43 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA 411CY UT WOS:000167481600011 ER PT J AU Ray, GL AF Ray, GL TI Infaunal assemblages on constructed intertidal mudflats at Jonesport, Maine (USA) SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE benthos; mudflat; dredged material; habitat construction; community structure; Maine ID SOFT-BOTTOM COMMUNITY; SHOREBIRD PREDATION; BEACH RESTORATION; SEASONAL-CHANGES; NEREIS-VIRENS; MUD FLATS; BAY; FUNDY; MARSH; MACROBENTHOS AB Dredged materials have been used to construct two mudflats near Jonesport, Maine (USA), A flat at Sheep Island was constructed in 1989 and along with an adjacent reference area (REF) has been monitored for infaunal assemblage development and sediment texture since 1990, The second site, Beals Island, an example of a much older constructed flat (CF), has been monitored since 1991, Infaunal taxa richness, total numerical abundance, species composition, and diversity values were similar between the Sheep Island natural and constructed sites within two years of construction, At Beals Island, taxa richness and other diversity measures were similar between sites, however, abundance and total biomass values were lower at the constructed site. Although total biomass was also lower at the Sheep Island CF than its REF, biomass values at both constructed sites (Sheep Island and Beals Island) were within the range of values previously reported for natural flats, Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, Wetlands & Coastal Ecol Branch,CEERD ER W, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, Wetlands & Coastal Ecol Branch,CEERD ER W, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM rayg@wes.army.mil NR 72 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 40 IS 12 BP 1186 EP 1200 DI 10.1016/S0025-326X(00)00083-7 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 384PU UT WOS:000165954700027 ER PT J AU Harik, VM Cairncross, RA AF Harik, VM Cairncross, RA TI Formation of interfacial voids in composites with a weakly bonded viscoplastic matrix SO MECHANICS OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Mechanics and Mechanisms of Failure of Interfaces in Engineering Materials/1999 ASME Mechanics and Materials Summer Conference CY 1999 CL VIRGINIA INST TECHNOL, VA SP ASME HO VIRGINIA INST TECHNOL DE metal matrix composites (MMCs); plastic fracture; interfacial voids; viscoplastic deformation ID FIBER-REINFORCED COMPOSITES; SPHERICAL INCLUSION; GROWTH; NUCLEATION; SHEAR; METAL; INSTABILITIES; DEFORMATION; EVOLUTION; BEHAVIOR AB The formation and evolution of interfacial voids are investigated in the case of metal matrix composites (MMCs) reinforced by ceramic fibres and subjected to high compressive loads. The resulting compression flows of a viscoplastic aluminum matrix around rigid fibres are described by a nonlinear free-boundary problem. A new finite element model with boundary-fitted mesh motion is introduced to simulate the formation of interfacial voids. The fibre-matrix interface is weak and allows yielding and sliding with separation at a dynamic contact line connecting three phases. The fibre-matrix interaction is simulated via a modified O'Donovan-Tanner constitutive model and a phenomenologically defined interface potential. The shape of the interfacial surface undergoing large deformation is not known a priori and found as a part of the solution. The influence of hydrostatic stress and constitutive characteristics of the matrix on the evolution of interfacial voids and their growth rates are examined. As the transverse strain increases, the evolution of interfacial voids occurs through a sequence of convex profiles. Numerical simulations are carried out for a special case involving small values of the yield stress and the viscosity of yielded matrix in order to compare them with similar results for linear viscous solids. The numerical results are also compared with the experiments involving similar compression flows of viscoplastic model materials. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, WM,MB, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. Univ Delaware, ARL Grp, Ctr Composite Mat, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Drexel Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Harik, VM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, WM,MB, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM harik@ccm.udel.edu NR 48 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6636 J9 MECH MATER JI Mech. Mater. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 32 IS 12 BP 807 EP 820 DI 10.1016/S0167-6636(00)00048-X PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 378EE UT WOS:000165571400009 ER PT J AU Leclerc, KM Steele, NP Levy, WC AF Leclerc, KM Steele, NP Levy, WC TI Norepinephrine alters exercise oxygen consumption in heart failure patients SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Article DE catecholamines; exertion; ventricular dysfunction; oxygen utilization ID PLASMA NOREPINEPHRINE; WORK RATE; DYSFUNCTION; EFFICIENCY; DEFICIT AB Purpose: The primary aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of acute norepinephrine (NE) infusion on the exercise oxygen utilization in heart failure patients as compared with healthy adults. Methods: Eleven healthy adults and 10 patients with NYHA class II-III heart failure (ejection fraction <40%) who were not on -blocker therapy underwent steady state exercise under placebo or NE infusion conditions, followed by maximal ramp exercise testing. Oxygen utilization, hemodynamic responses, and serum lactate NE levels were evaluated. Results: The hemodynamic effects of NE were evident in both groups with statistically significant increases in blood pressure and concomitant decreases in heart rates. Lactate levels were higher in heart failure subjects under all conditions and steady state exercise increased levels by 24% (P = 0.04). NE infusion increased lactate levels by a nonsignificant 24% (P = 0.19). NE infusion tended to increase oxygen consumption ((V) over dot O-2) at the end of steady state exercise in CHF subjects (4% change; P = 0.06). Compared with healthy adults, NE infusion significantly impaired (increased) the gross (V) over dot O-2/W relationship in heart failure subjects (P = 0.037). There was also a modest trend for a worsening (decrease) in net efficiency after NE infusion in CHF subjects. There were no significant adverse effects of low-dose NE infusion in either group. Conclusions: We conclude that 1) acute low-dose NE infusion impairs the oxygen utilization in stable heart failure patients but not in healthy adults. This may help to explain the exercise intolerance that accompanies congestive heart failure. 2) Acute infusion of low-dose NE infusion is safe and well tolerated in both healthy adults and compensated heart failure patients. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Cardiol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Leclerc, KM (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Cardiol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [K12 AG00503] NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 32 IS 12 BP 2029 EP 2034 DI 10.1097/00005768-200012000-00010 PG 6 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 380BG UT WOS:000165678000010 PM 11128847 ER PT J AU Cox, RM Cogan, J Sontowski, J Dougherty, CM Fry, RN Smith, TJ AF Cox, RM Cogan, J Sontowski, J Dougherty, CM Fry, RN Smith, TJ TI Comparison of atmospheric transport calculations over complex terrain using a mobile profiling system and rawinsondes SO METEOROLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID MODEL; WIND; DISPERSION; CLOSURE AB A comparison of atmospheric transport and dispersion calculations over complex terrain was investigated using a mobile profiling system (MPS) versus standard meteorological balloons. Meteorological and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) concentration data were collected and used to evaluate the performance of a transport and diffusion model coupled with a mass consistency wind field model. Meteorological data were collected throughout April 1995, and parts of August 1995. Both meteorological and concentration data were measured in December 1995. Once the models were validated, the comparison of performance with different upper-air data were accomplished. The models used included the SCIPUFF (Second-order Closure Integrated Puff) transport and diffusion model and the MINERVE mass consistency wind model. Evaluation of the models was focused primarily on their effectiveness as a short-term rone to four hours) predictive tool. There studies showed how the combination of weather and transport models could be used to help direct emergency, response following a hazardous material release. The models were used in tandem to direct the deployment of mobile sensors intended to intercept and measure tracer clouds. The MINER VE model was validated for the specific terrain of interest using April 1995 data. The capability, of SCIPUFF driven by realistic three-dimensional wind fields generated by MINERVE is demonstrated using data collected in December 1995. C1 Sci Applicat Internal Corp, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. USA, Res Lab, White Sands Missile Rang, NM 88002 USA. Def Grp Inc, Alexandria, VA 22314 USA. Def Threat Reduct Agcy, Alexandria, VA 22310 USA. RP Cox, RM (reprint author), Sci Applicat Internal Corp, 12479 Res Pkwy,Suite 600, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 1350-4827 J9 METEOROL APPL JI Meteorol. Appl. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 7 IS 4 BP 285 EP 295 DI 10.1017/S1350482700001651 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 401DB UT WOS:000166910900001 ER PT J AU Harder, TJ AF Harder, TJ TI Black hawk down SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, Judge Advocate Gen Sch, Judge Advocate Officer Grad Course 48, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. RP Harder, TJ (reprint author), USA, Judge Advocate Gen Sch, Judge Advocate Officer Grad Course 48, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 USA SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 166 BP 199 EP 205 PG 7 WC Law SC Government & Law GA 401QX UT WOS:000166940700010 ER PT J AU Borch, FL AF Borch, FL TI Embracing defeat: Japan in the wake of World War II SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, Judge Advocate Gen Corps, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. RP Borch, FL (reprint author), USN, War Coll, Newport, RI 02840 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 USA SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 166 BP 206 EP 210 PG 5 WC Law SC Government & Law GA 401QX UT WOS:000166940700011 ER PT J AU Bradley, MJ AF Bradley, MJ TI Lincoln's men: How President Lincoln became father to an army and a nation SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, Judge Advocate Gen Sch, Judge Advocate Officer Grad Course 49, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. RP Bradley, MJ (reprint author), USA, Judge Advocate Gen Sch, Judge Advocate Officer Grad Course 49, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 USA SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 166 BP 211 EP 218 PG 8 WC Law SC Government & Law GA 401QX UT WOS:000166940700012 ER PT J AU Bowers, R AF Bowers, R TI On killing SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, Judge Advocate Gen Sch, Judge Advocate Officer Grad Course 49, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. RP Bowers, R (reprint author), USA, Judge Advocate Gen Sch, Judge Advocate Officer Grad Course 49, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 USA SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 166 BP 219 EP 225 PG 7 WC Law SC Government & Law GA 401QX UT WOS:000166940700013 ER PT J AU Conrad, RA AF Conrad, RA TI Rattling the cage: Toward legal rights for animals SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, Judge Advocate Gen Sch, Judge Advocate Officer Grad Course 49, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. RP Conrad, RA (reprint author), USN, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 USA SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 166 BP 226 EP 233 PG 8 WC Law SC Government & Law GA 401QX UT WOS:000166940700014 ER PT J AU Velloney, DD AF Velloney, DD TI Son Thang: An American war crime SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, Judge Advocate Gen Sch, Judge Advocate Officer Grad Course 49, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. RP Velloney, DD (reprint author), USA, Judge Advocate Gen Sch, Judge Advocate Officer Grad Course 49, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 USA SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 166 BP 234 EP 241 PG 8 WC Law SC Government & Law GA 401QX UT WOS:000166940700015 ER PT J AU Modesto, VL Garcia, GD Lee, KT AF Modesto, VL Garcia, GD Lee, KT TI Avoiding hypothermia in trauma: Use of the flameless heater pack, meal ready to eat, as a field-expedient means of warming crystalloid fluid SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Forward-deployed medical units do not have the capability to warm intravenous (IV) fluids before their administration. We intend to demonstrate a field expedient means of warming TV fluids and preventing hypothermia using the flameless heater available in the Meal, Ready to Eat (MRE). Room-temperature and refrigerated lactated Ringer's solution were organized into three data collection groups using either one or two MRE heaters. The temperature change of the fluid was recorded. Average temperature increases ranged from 15.8 to 31.2 degrees C in times ranging from 8 to 20 minutes. Therefore, we conclude that the nameless MRE heater provides a simple, field-expedient means of warming IV fluids before their administration. C1 Womack Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Ft Bragg, NC 28307 USA. RP Modesto, VL (reprint author), Womack Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Ft Bragg, NC 28307 USA. NR 5 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASSOC MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 EI 1930-613X J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 165 IS 12 BP 903 EP 904 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 383KY UT WOS:000165882700009 PM 11149058 ER PT J AU Reynolds, K Williams, J Miller, C Mathis, A Dettori, J AF Reynolds, K Williams, J Miller, C Mathis, A Dettori, J TI Injuries and risk factors in an 18-day marine winter mountain training exercise SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID INFANTRY SOLDIERS; STRESS-FRACTURES; PHYSICAL-FITNESS; FOOT BLISTERS; TOBACCO USE; NICOTINE; PREVENTION; DISABILITY; AGE AB Objectives: This study determined the incidence of and risk factors for injuries among 356 Marines during a winter mountain training exercise. Methods: Marines received a podiatry screening and completed a questionnaire on race, education, tobacco use, height, weight, and fitness (4,8-km run, sit-ups, pull-ups). Results: Forty-five Marines (12.6%) reported at least one injury each, 68.9% of which were traumatic injuries. Total injuries resulted in 114 days of limited duty time. A final foot examination (N = 141) revealed 118 injuries (82.2% blisters and abrasions, 11.9% frostnip). White ethnicity was a risk factor for overall injuries, and forefoot varus alignment was a risk factor for traumatic injuries. Lower education and rank and smokeless tobacco use were associated with foot injuries. The Marine ski-march leather boot and smoking were related to foot cold injuries. Conclusions: Military winter training is associated with injuries and lost training time. Risk factors were identified, suggesting that these injuries may be preventable. C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Reynolds, K (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 43 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 4 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 165 IS 12 BP 905 EP 910 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 383KY UT WOS:000165882700010 PM 11149059 ER PT J AU Pope, RW Schumacher, JT Creedon, JF AF Pope, RW Schumacher, JT Creedon, JF TI The effectiveness of the parachutist ankle brace in reducing ankle injuries in an airborne Ranger battalion SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID GROUND REACTION FORCES; ATHLETIC PERFORMANCE; NORTH-CAROLINA; FORT-BRAGG; OPERATION; JUMPS; SPRAINS AB The purpose of this study was to determine if the parachutist ankle brace (PAB) decreases the number and severity of ankle injuries in an airborne Ranger battalion, A retrospective study was performed covering a 38-month period. A computer database was used to track all jump injuries with a diagnosis of ankle pain, sprain, or fracture, The frequency was calculated for ankle injuries per 1,000 jumps and the average length of medically restricted duty per ankle injury. A total of 13,782 static line parachute jumps were conducted during the study period. Without the PAB, 35 ankle injuries were seen (4,5/1,000 jumps), with 9 fractures and 316 days of medical restriction per 1,000 jumps, Using the PAB, 9 ankle injuries were seen (1.5/1,000 jumps), with 3 fractures and 71 days of medical restriction per 1,000 jumps. The correct use of the PAB appeared to significantly decrease the incidence of ankle injuries in this battalion. C1 261st ASMB ABN, B CO, Ft Bragg, NC 28307 USA. RP Pope, RW (reprint author), 261st ASMB ABN, B CO, Ft Bragg, NC 28307 USA. NR 25 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 165 IS 12 BP 944 EP 948 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 383KY UT WOS:000165882700019 ER PT J AU Simon, EP Peters, L Folen, RA Umphress, V Lagana, L AF Simon, EP Peters, L Folen, RA Umphress, V Lagana, L TI The COPE program: Treatment efficacy and medical utilization outcome of a chronic pain management program at a major military hospital SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; FOLLOW-UP; INTERVENTIONS; INPATIENT AB This study presents a treatment efficacy and medical utilization evaluation of a cognitive-behavioral, outpatient, chronic pain management program in a military hospital setting. A total of 61 nonmalignant chronic pain patients with heterogeneous pain syndromes who participated in sequential group programs were included in the study. Comprehensive and multi-dimensional outcome criteria were used, including pain ratings, relaxation skills, quality of life, satisfaction ratings, and medical utilization. The findings demonstrated improvements on all general indices. Military status had no effect on any of the outcome measures. Most significant was an 87% reduction in outpatient clinic visits in the first 3 months after treatment. This reduction amounts to a projected net annual saving of $78,960 in the first year after behavioral medicine intervention. In light of the increasing cost of health care for chronic pain patients, psychological approaches as an adjunct to traditional medical care seem to present a sound solution for cost savings. This study also supports the notion that a strategic biopsychosocial pain program, which targets the multiple dimensions of persistent pain, provides effective treatment and increases patient satisfaction. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Psychol & Behav Med, Multidisciplinary Pain Clin, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Simon, EP (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Psychol & Behav Med, Multidisciplinary Pain Clin, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 165 IS 12 BP 954 EP 960 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 383KY UT WOS:000165882700021 ER PT J AU von Bredow, JD Vick, J Marino, MT Kaminskis, A Brewer, T AF von Bredow, JD Vick, J Marino, MT Kaminskis, A Brewer, T TI A reproducible nonlethal animal model for studying cyanide poisoning SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID EFFICACY AB Previous studies using bolus intravenous injections of sodium cyanide have been used to model the sudden exposure to high concentrations of cyanide that could occur on the battlefield. This study was designed to develop a model that would simulate the type of exposure to cyanide gas that could happen during actual low-level continuous types of exposure and then compare it with the bolus model. Cardiovascular and respiratory recordings taken from anesthetized dogs have been used previously to characterize the lethal effects of cyanide. The intravenous, bolus injection of 2.5 mg/kg sodium cyanide provides a model in which a greater than lethal concentration is attained. In contrast, our model uses a slow, intravenous infusion of cyanide to titrate each animal to its own inherent end point, which coincides with the amount of cyanide needed to induce death through respiratory arrest. In this model, therapeutic intervention can be used to restore respiration and allow for the complete recovery of the animals. After recovery, the same animal can be given a second infusion of cyanide, followed again by treatment and recovery, providing a reproducible end point. This end point can then be expressed as the total amount of cyanide per body weight (mg/kg) required to kill, In this study, the average dose of sodium cyanide among 12 animals was 1.21 mg/kg, which is approximately half the cyanide used in the bolus model. Thus, titration to respiratory arrest followed by resuscitation provides a repetitive-use animal model that can be used to test the efficacy of various forms of pretreatment and/or therapy without the loss of a single animal. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP von Bredow, JD (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 165 IS 12 BP 967 EP 972 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 383KY UT WOS:000165882700023 ER PT J AU Mendis, CA Sanchez, CJ Das, R Jett, M AF Mendis, CA Sanchez, CJ Das, R Jett, M TI Comparison of gene expression patterns of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB) and Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) using differential display (DD). SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD DEC PY 2000 VL 11 SU S MA 671 BP 129A EP 129A PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 377QY UT WOS:000165525900673 ER PT J AU Pfister, KK Dillman, JF Lye, JJ Pfister, KK AF Pfister, KK Dillman, JF Lye, JJ Pfister, KK TI Growth factor regulation of cytoplasmic dynein cargo binding capacity SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD DEC PY 2000 VL 11 SU S MA 1016 BP 195A EP 195A PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 377QY UT WOS:000165525901020 ER PT J AU do Carmo, LS Cummings, C Linardi, VR Dias, RS de Souza, JM Sena, MJ dos Santos, DA Jett, M AF do Carmo, LS Cummings, C Linardi, VR Dias, RS de Souza, JM Sena, MJ dos Santos, DA Jett, M TI Use of molecular biology approaches to define enterotoxigenic bacterial isolates and to determine gene expression responses of the host SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Fdn Ezequiel Dias, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Mol Pathol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD DEC PY 2000 VL 11 SU S MA 1245 BP 239A EP 239A PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 377QY UT WOS:000165525901248 ER PT J AU Kiang, JG Juang, YT Kiang, SC Tsokos, GC AF Kiang, JG Juang, YT Kiang, SC Tsokos, GC TI Nitric oxide regulates the inducible heat shock protein 70 kDa in human colon carcinoma T84 cells through calcium, PKC and PKA SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD DEC PY 2000 VL 11 SU S MA 1305 BP 251A EP 251A PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 377QY UT WOS:000165525901309 ER PT J AU Werrlein, RJ Madren-Whalley, JS AF Werrlein, RJ Madren-Whalley, JS TI Imaging the effects of sulfur mustard on the dermal-epidermal attachment complex in human skin and in human epidermal keratinocyte cultures SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Pharmacol, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD DEC PY 2000 VL 11 SU S MA 2031 BP 391A EP 391A PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 377QY UT WOS:000165525902035 ER PT J AU Fisher, E Rudick, RA Cutter, G Baier, M Miller, D Weinstock-Guttman, B Mass, MK Dougherty, DS Simonian, NA AF Fisher, E Rudick, RA Cutter, G Baier, M Miller, D Weinstock-Guttman, B Mass, MK Dougherty, DS Simonian, NA TI Relationship between brain atrophy and disability: an 8-year follow-up study of multiple sclerosis patients SO MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS LA English DT Article DE multiple sclerosis; magnetic resonance imaging; brain atrophy ID SPINAL-CORD ATROPHY; MRI AB Brain atrophy measurement con Provide an estimate of the amount of tissue destruction due to the pathologic processes in multiple sclerosis. The potential usefulness of atrophy as a marker of disease progression depends upon the concurrent and predictive relationships between atrophy and disability A follow-up study was Performed to measure atrophy and disability scores in patients from the Multiple Sclerosis Collaborative Research Group's phase III trial of IFN beta -1a (Avonex) in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. New data were obtained on 160 out of 172 eligible patients from the original trial were enrolled in the follow-up study approximately 8 years after randomization. The follow-up visit consisted of several tests and questionnaires including a clinical exam to determine Expanded Disability Status Score (EDSS) and Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite (MSFC), and a magnetic resonance imaging exam to calculate the brain parenchymal faction. Brain parenchymal fraction was correlated with both EDSS and MSFC at each of the four time Points for which data were available (baseline 1, 2 and 8 years). Furthermore, the change in BPF was correlated with the changes in disability scores from the end of the phase III trial to the follow-vp exam. These data suggest that brain atrophy may be a useful and clinically relevant marker of disease Progression in relapsing-remitting MS. C1 Cleveland Clin Fdn, Dept Biomed Engn ND20, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. Cleveland Clin Fdn, Dept Neurol, Mellen Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. AMC, Ctr Canc Res, Ctr Res Methodol & Biometr, Lakewood, CO 80214 USA. Buffalo Gen Hosp, Dept Neurol, Buffalo, NY 14203 USA. Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Dept Neurol, Portland, OR 97201 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, DVHIP, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Biogen Inc, Boston, MA 02142 USA. RP Fisher, E (reprint author), Cleveland Clin Fdn, Dept Biomed Engn ND20, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. FU NINDS NIH HHS [P01 NS38667]; PHS HHS [R01-26321] NR 18 TC 124 Z9 125 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1352-4585 J9 MULT SCLER JI Mult. Scler. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 6 IS 6 BP 373 EP 377 DI 10.1177/135245850000600602 PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 393GK UT WOS:000166460700002 PM 11212131 ER PT J AU Glenn, GM Taylor, DN Li, XR Frankel, S Montemarano, A Alving, CR AF Glenn, GM Taylor, DN Li, XR Frankel, S Montemarano, A Alving, CR TI Transcutaneous immunization: A human vaccine delivery strategy using a patch SO NATURE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CHOLERA-TOXIN; LANGERHANS CELLS; B-SUBUNIT; ENTEROTOXIN; RESPONSES AB Transcutaneous immunization, a topical Vaccine application, combines the advantages of needle-free delivery while targeting the immunologically rich milieu of the skin. In animal studies, this simple technique induces robust systemic and mucosal antibodies against vaccine antigens. Here, we demonstrate safe application of a patch containing heat-labile enterotoxin (LT, derived from Escherichia coli) to humans, resulting in robust LT-antibody responses. These findings indicate that TCL is feasible for human immunization, and suggest that TCL may enhance efficacy as well as improve vaccine delivery. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Membrane Biochem, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. IOMAI Corp, Washington, DC 20037 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Enter Infect, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Glenn, GM (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Membrane Biochem, 503 Robert Grant Rd,Rm 2W-124, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 25 TC 223 Z9 233 U1 2 U2 7 PU NATURE AMERICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1078-8956 J9 NAT MED JI Nat. Med. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 6 IS 12 BP 1403 EP 1406 DI 10.1038/82225 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 380LV UT WOS:000165704100047 PM 11100128 ER PT J AU Salminen, ER AF Salminen, ER TI A guest editorial: Herbs: Have you had your plant today? SO OBSTETRICAL & GYNECOLOGICAL SURVEY LA English DT Editorial Material ID ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Dept Army, Tripler AMC, HI 96859 USA. RP Salminen, ER (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Dept Army, Headquarters,1 Jarrett White Rd, Tripler AMC, HI 96859 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-7828 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL SURV JI Obstet. Gynecol. Surv. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 55 IS 12 BP 725 EP 727 DI 10.1097/00006254-200012000-00001 PG 3 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 391GB UT WOS:000166347300001 PM 11128908 ER PT J AU Hibbert, ML Salminen, ER Dainty, LA Davis, GD Perez, RP AF Hibbert, ML Salminen, ER Dainty, LA Davis, GD Perez, RP TI Credentialing residents for intraoperative cystoscopy SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID URINARY-TRACT INJURY; SUPRAPUBIC TELOSCOPY; SURGERY C1 Madigan Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Hibbert, ML (reprint author), Madigan Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. NR 13 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 96 IS 6 BP 1014 EP 1017 DI 10.1016/S0029-7844(00)01062-0 PG 4 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 376VM UT WOS:000165477500028 PM 11084196 ER PT J AU Walton, TL AF Walton, TL TI Distributions for storm surge extremes SO OCEAN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID STATISTICS AB The present paper is an attempt to assess a variety of potential probabilistic models for the meteorologically driven storm surge component of a long term water level observation record at Sandy Hook, New Jersey. Simple assumptions are made with regard to the record, and the fitting of the extreme values of the data are assessed graphically in observation space for determining quality of fit in the upper tail of the data. Results are presented which show a comparison of typical distributions utilized along with some distributions not before utilized for coastal storm surge. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 19 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0029-8018 J9 OCEAN ENG JI Ocean Eng. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 27 IS 12 BP 1279 EP 1293 DI 10.1016/S0029-8018(99)00052-9 PG 15 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 340GK UT WOS:000088524600001 ER PT J AU Bliese, PD AF Bliese, PD TI An introduction to multilevel modeling techniques. SO PERSONNEL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Book Review C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Bliese, PD (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 18 PU PERSONNEL PSYCHOLOGY INC PI BOWLING GREEN PA 745 HASKINS ROAD, SUITE A, BOWLING GREEN, OH 43402 USA SN 0031-5826 J9 PERS PSYCHOL JI Pers. Psychol. PD WIN PY 2000 VL 53 IS 4 BP 1062 EP 1065 PG 4 WC Psychology, Applied; Management SC Psychology; Business & Economics GA 383KN UT WOS:000165881800031 ER PT J AU Hall, JM Vizgaitis, JN AF Hall, JM Vizgaitis, JN TI 'Asphere diet' takes weight off riflescope eyepiece SO PHOTONICS SPECTRA LA English DT Article C1 USA, Commun Ekect Commands, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Hall, JM (reprint author), USA, Commun Ekect Commands, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU LAURIN PUBL CO INC PI PITTSFIELD PA BERKSHIRE COMMON PO BOX 1146, PITTSFIELD, MA 01202 USA SN 0731-1230 J9 PHOTON SPECTRA JI Photon. Spect. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 34 IS 12 BP 102 EP + PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA 382QD UT WOS:000165833000042 ER PT J AU Bose, M AF Bose, M TI Good advice: Information and policy making in the White House SO POLITICAL SCIENCE QUARTERLY LA English DT Book Review C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Bose, M (reprint author), US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACAD POLITICAL SCIENCE PI NEW YORK PA 475 RIVERSIDE DRIVE, SUITE 1274, NEW YORK, NY 10115-1274 USA SN 0032-3195 J9 POLIT SCI QUART JI Polit. Sci. Q. PD WIN PY 2000 VL 115 IS 4 BP 632 EP 633 DI 10.2307/2657622 PG 2 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA 400JW UT WOS:000166869300016 ER PT J AU Swartz, L AF Swartz, L TI Kosovo: War and revenge SO POLITICAL SCIENCE QUARTERLY LA English DT Book Review C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Swartz, L (reprint author), US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACAD POLITICAL SCIENCE PI NEW YORK PA 475 RIVERSIDE DRIVE, SUITE 1274, NEW YORK, NY 10115-1274 USA SN 0032-3195 J9 POLIT SCI QUART JI Polit. Sci. Q. PD WIN PY 2000 VL 115 IS 4 BP 639 EP 641 DI 10.2307/2657627 PG 3 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA 400JW UT WOS:000166869300021 ER PT J AU Stone, MA Fink, BK Bogetti, TA Gillespie, JW AF Stone, MA Fink, BK Bogetti, TA Gillespie, JW TI Thermo-chemical response of vinyl-ester resin SO POLYMER ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CURE AB This paper presents the thermo-chemical characterization of Dow Derakane 411-C50 commercial vinyl-ester resin at low temperatures (20 degreesC to 40 degreesC). Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Torsional Braid Analysis (TBA) are the experimental techniques used to characterize the material behavior. The cure kinetics are studied using DSC and are modeled using a modified autocatalytic equation with a maximum degree-of-cure term. Also, the effect of inhibitors in the resin system is accounted for by an inhibitor depletion model. The glass transition temperature (T-g) is also characterized using TEA and related to the degree of cure. It was found that the T-g and the degree of cure do not exhibit a linear relationship for this resin system. The findings presented in this work provide information for accurate cure modeling and process simulation of vinyl-ester materials. C1 Univ Delaware, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ctr Composite Mat, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Gillespie, JW (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ctr Composite Mat, Newark, DE 19716 USA. NR 15 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC PLASTICS ENG INC PI BROOKFIELD PA 14 FAIRFIELD DR, BROOKFIELD, CT 06804-0403 USA SN 0032-3888 J9 POLYM ENG SCI JI Polym. Eng. Sci. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 40 IS 12 BP 2489 EP 2497 DI 10.1002/pen.11380 PG 9 WC Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA 396WX UT WOS:000166661800004 ER PT J AU Storms, RL Zyda, MJ AF Storms, RL Zyda, MJ TI Interactions in perceived quality of auditory-visual displays SO PRESENCE-TELEOPERATORS AND VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article ID CROSS-MODAL SIMILARITY; INFORMATION; BRIGHTNESS; LOUDNESS; PITCH AB The quality of realism in virtual environments (VEs) is typically considered to be a function of visual and audio fidelity mutually exclusive of each other However,the VE participant being human, is multimodal by nature. Therefore, in order to validate more accurately the levels of auditory and visual fidelity that are required in a virtual environment, a better understanding is needed of the intersensory or crossmodal effects between the auditory and visual sense modalities. To identify whether any pertinent auditory-visual cross-modal perception phenomena exist, 108 subjects participated in three experiments which were completely automated using HTML, Java, and JavaScript programming languages. Visual and auditory display quality perceptions were measured intra- and intermodally by manipulating the pixel resolution of the visual display and Gaussian white noise level, and by manipulating the sampling frequency of the auditory display and Gaussian white noise level. Statistically significant results indicate that high-quality auditory displays coupled with high-quality visual displays increase the quality perception of the visual displays relative to the evaluation of the visual display alone, and that low-quality auditory displays coupled with high-quality visual displays decrease the quality perception of the auditory displays relative to the evaluation of the auditory display alone. These findings strongly suggest that the quality of realism in VEs must be a function of both auditory and visual display fidelities inclusive of each other. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Army Res Lab, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Storms, RL (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Army Res Lab, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NR 54 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU M I T PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA FIVE CAMBRIDGE CENTER, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 USA SN 1054-7460 J9 PRESENCE-TELEOP VIRT JI Presence-Teleoper. Virtual Env. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 9 IS 6 BP 557 EP 580 DI 10.1162/105474600300040385 PG 24 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 415RL UT WOS:000167736400003 ER PT J AU Dunivin, DL Southwell, GD AF Dunivin, DL Southwell, GD TI Psychopharmacology training in psychology internships: A brief curriculum SO PROFESSIONAL PSYCHOLOGY-RESEARCH AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article ID PRESCRIPTION PRIVILEGES; DEMONSTRATION PROJECT; DIRECTORS; MODEL AB How might basic training in psychopharmacology be integrated into psychology internships? The present article describes a brief psychopharmacology curriculum, developed by a prescribing psychologist and a director of training for an internship program accredited by the American Psychological Association, designed to specifically address training needs of predoctoral interns. The authors maintain that focused training in differential medical diagnosis and psychopharmacology is essential to the professional development of the psychology intern. Implementation by a psychologist with advanced knowledge of psychopharmacology may enhance the intern's integration of this material with psychological principles and facilitate active involvement in primary care and remote settings in future practice. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Psychol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Dunivin, DL (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Psychol, 6900 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0735-7028 J9 PROF PSYCHOL-RES PR JI Prof. Psychol.-Res. Pract. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 31 IS 6 BP 610 EP 614 PG 5 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 383LE UT WOS:000165883400004 ER PT J AU Imam, AA Hursh, SR AF Imam, AA Hursh, SR TI Molar effects of increasing amounts and immediacy to external food sources in 4-hr sessions SO PSYCHOLOGICAL RECORD LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Behavior-Analysis CY MAY, 1993 CL CHICAGO, ILLINOIS SP Assoc Behav Anal AB Rats worked under a fixed-ratio 45 schedule of reinforcement during 4-hr long sessions either in sixteen 15-min work periods (2 rats in Experiments 1 and 3) or in a single work period (3 rats in Experiments 2 and 4) while receiving varying amounts of external food. In Experiments 1 and 2, a fixed amount of external food was provided in different conditions., whereas in Experiments 3 and 4, both earned and total food intake were fixed to a daily maximum. Consumption and responding decreased with availability compared to nonavailability of external food and systematically declined with increasing amounts of external food in progressively open economies. The independence-quotient statistic was differentially sensitive to the "delay" to the external food. Discriminability enhanced the substitution effect of performance-independent food, resulting in improved efficacy of the statistic and the conditions defined along economic continuum. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Imam, AA (reprint author), Amer Univ Beirut, Dept Social & Behav Sci, Beirut, Lebanon. RI Imam, Abdulrazaq/C-5740-2009 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PSYCHOLOGICAL RECORD PI GAMBIER PA KENYON COLLEGE, GAMBIER, OH 43022 USA SN 0033-2933 J9 PSYCHOL REC JI Psychol. Rec. PD WIN PY 2000 VL 50 IS 1 BP 155 EP 172 PG 18 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 288UB UT WOS:000085581900010 ER PT J AU Schumm, WR Bell, DB Gade, PA AF Schumm, WR Bell, DB Gade, PA TI Effects of a military overseas peacekeeping deployment on marital quality, satisfaction, and stability SO PSYCHOLOGICAL REPORTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of the National-Council-on-Family-Relations CY NOV 11, 2000 CL MINNEAPPOLIS, MINNESOTA SP Natl Council Family Relat ID SOLDIERS AB Changes in self-reported soldier marital satisfaction and marital quality were assessed at three points in rime, 1994-1997, before, juring, and after a 1995 peacekeeping deployment of approximately 100 married soldiers to the Sinai peninsula, Analysis shows a moderate decline in marital satisfaction during the deployment (effect size of 0.27-0.29) but no overall change in the long term. Marital quality did not change significantly over time. Marital stability rates were especially low for soldiers who reported that their marriage was in trouble prior to the deployment. It ap pears that stable marriages can survive 6-mo, deployments without long-term decrements in satisfaction or quality. How many couples will continue to accept voluntarily a military lifestyle that requires frequent sacrifices of marital satisfaction as may occur during separations and deployments remains an open question, even though intentions for retention did not appear correlated with marital satisfaction or changes in marital satisfaction over the deployment in this study. C1 USA, Res Inst Behav & Social Sci, ATTN PERI,RPD, Alexandria, VA 22333 USA. Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Gade, PA (reprint author), USA, Res Inst Behav & Social Sci, ATTN PERI,RPD, 5001 Eisenhower Ave, Alexandria, VA 22333 USA. NR 11 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 6 PU PSYCHOLOGICAL REPORTS PI MISSOULA PA P O BOX 9229, MISSOULA, MT 59807 USA SN 0033-2941 J9 PSYCHOL REP JI Psychol. Rep. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 87 IS 3 BP 815 EP 821 DI 10.2466/PR0.87.7.815-821 PN 1 PG 7 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 388QA UT WOS:000166191700024 PM 11191394 ER PT J AU Hampton, MN AF Hampton, MN TI "The past, present, and the perhaps": Is Germany a "normal" power? SO SECURITY STUDIES LA English DT Review C1 Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Hampton, MN (reprint author), USA, War Coll, Washington, DC USA. NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU FRANK CASS CO LTD PI ESSEX PA NEWBURY HOUSE, 900 EASTERN AVE, NEWBURY PARK, ILFORD, ESSEX IG2 7HH, ENGLAND SN 0963-6412 J9 SECUR STUD JI Secur. Stud. PD WIN PY 2000 VL 10 IS 2 BP 179 EP 202 PG 24 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA 521TZ UT WOS:000173858600006 ER PT J AU Mansour, L AF Mansour, L TI 'Quo Vadis?' SO SLAVIC AND EAST EUROPEAN JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Mansour, L (reprint author), US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSN TEACHERS SLAVIC EAST EUROPEAN LANGUAGES PI TUCSON PA UNIV ARIZONA MODERN LANGUAGES BUILDING, TUCSON, AZ 85287 USA SN 0037-6752 J9 SLAVIC E EUR J JI Slavic East Eur. J. PD WIN PY 2000 VL 44 IS 4 BP 679 EP 681 DI 10.2307/3086305 PG 3 WC Literature, Slavic SC Literature GA 526AC UT WOS:000174105400026 ER PT J AU Baumann, RF AF Baumann, RF TI Forging Stalin's army: Marshal Tukhachevsky and the politics of military innovation SO SLAVIC REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 US Army Command & Gen Staff Coll, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. RP Baumann, RF (reprint author), US Army Command & Gen Staff Coll, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SLAVIC STUDIES PI CAMBRIDGE PA HARVARD UNIV, 8 STORY ST, 3RD FL, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 0037-6779 J9 SLAVIC REV JI Slavic Rev. PD WIN PY 2000 VL 59 IS 4 BP 915 EP 916 DI 10.2307/2697457 PG 2 WC Area Studies; Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Area Studies; Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA 453ZL UT WOS:000169947900041 ER PT J AU Vaidya, UK Jadhav, NC Hosur, MV Gillespie, JW Fink, BK AF Vaidya, UK Jadhav, NC Hosur, MV Gillespie, JW Fink, BK TI Assessment of flow and cure monitoring using direct current and alternating current sensing in vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding SO SMART MATERIALS & STRUCTURES LA English DT Article AB Vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) is an emerging manufacturing technique that holds promise as an affordable alternative to traditional autoclave molding and automated fiber placement for producing large-scale structural parts. In VARTM, the fibrous preform is laid on a single-sided tool, which is then bagged along with the infusion and vacuum lines. The resin is then infused through the preform, which causes simultaneous wetting in its in-plane and transverse directions. An effective sensing technique is essential so that comprehensive information pertaining to the wetting of the preform, arrival of resin at various locations, cure gradients associated with thickness and presence of dry spots may be monitored. In the current work, direct current (dc) and alternating current sensing/monitoring techniques were adopted for developing a systematic understanding of the resin position and cure on plain weave S2-glass preforms with Dow Derakane vinyl ester VE 411-350, Shell EPON RSL 2704/2705 and Si-AN epoxy as the matrix systems. A SMARTweave de sensing system was utilized to conduct parametric studies: (a) to compare the flow and curl of resin through the stitched and non-stitched preforms; (b) to investigate the influence of sensor positioning, i.e, top, middle and bottom layers; and (c) to investigate the influence of positioning of the process accessories, i.e. resin infusion point and vacuum point on the composite panel. The SMARTweave system was found to be sensitive to all the parametric variations introduced in the study. Furthermore, the results obtained from the SMARTweave system were compared to the curl monitoring studies conducted by using embedded interdigitated (IDEX) dielectric sensors. The results indicate that SMARTweave sensing was a viable alternative to obtaining resin position and cure, and was more superior in terms of obtaining global information, in contrast to the localized dielectric sensing approach. C1 N Dakota State Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Appl Mech, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Tuskegee Univ, Ctr Adv Mat, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Mat Sci & Engn & Civil & Environm Engn, Ctr Composite Mat, Newark, DE USA. USA, Res Lab, Composites & Lightweight Struct Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. NR 10 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 12 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0964-1726 J9 SMART MATER STRUCT JI Smart Mater. Struct. PD DEC PY 2000 VL 9 IS 6 BP 727 EP 736 DI 10.1088/0964-1726/9/6/301 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA 387WE UT WOS:000166144200001 ER PT J AU Robbins, AS Fonseca, VP Chao, SY Coil, GA Bell, NS Amoroso, P AF Robbins, AS Fonseca, VP Chao, SY Coil, GA Bell, NS Amoroso, P TI Short term effects of cigarette smoking on hospitalisation and associated lost workdays in a young healthy population SO TOBACCO CONTROL LA English DT Article DE young men; hospitalisation; lost workdays; employers ID SUBSTANCE USE; CARE USE; COSTS; IMPACT; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; CHILDRENS; INJURIES; HABITS; MEN AB Objective-There are relatively few published studies conducted among people of younger ages examining short term outcomes of cigarette smoking, and only a small number with outcomes important to employers. The present study was designed to assess the short term effects of smoking on hospitalisation and lost workdays. Design-Retrospective cohort study. Setting-Military population. Subjects-87 991 men and women serving on active duty in the US Army during 1987 to 1998 who took a health risk appraisal two or more times and were followed for an average of 2.4 years. Main outcome measures-Rate ratios for hospitalisations and lost workdays, and fraction of hospitalisations and lost workdays attributable to current smoking (population attributable fraction). Results-Compared with never smokers, men and women who were current smokers had higher short term rates of hospitalisation and lost workdays for a broad range of conditions. Population attributable fractions (PAFs) for outcomes not related to injury or pregnancy were 7.5% (men) and 5.0% (women) for hospitalisation, and 14.1% (men) and 3.0% (women) for lost workdays. Evidence suggests that current smoking may have been under reported in this cohort, in which case the true PAFs would be higher than those reported. Conclusions-In this young healthy population, substantial fractions of hospitalisations and lost workdays were attributable to current smoking, particularly among men. C1 USAF, Med Operat Agcy, Off Prevent & Hlth Serv, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Social & Behav Sci, Boston, MA USA. SDSS Inc, Natick, MA USA. USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Robbins, AS (reprint author), USAF, Med Operat Agcy, Off Prevent & Hlth Serv, 2602 Doolittle Rd,Bldg 804, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. FU NIAAA NIH HHS [R29AA11407-01A1] NR 50 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0964-4563 J9 TOB CONTROL JI Tob. Control PD DEC PY 2000 VL 9 IS 4 BP 389 EP 396 DI 10.1136/tc.9.4.389 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 384TE UT WOS:000165960300012 PM 11106708 ER PT J AU Belanger, KJ Kelly, DJ Mettille, FC Hanson, CV Lippert, LE AF Belanger, KJ Kelly, DJ Mettille, FC Hanson, CV Lippert, LE TI Psoralen photochemical inactivation of Orientia tsutsugamushi in platelet concentrates SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; RICKETTSIA-TSUTSUGAMUSHI; SCRUB TYPHUS; BLOOD-TRANSFUSION; ULTRAVIOLET-LIGHT; SUSPENSIONS AB BACKGROUND: The risk of transfusion transmission of disease has been reduced by the combination of predonation questions and improved transfusion-transmitted disease assays, but the risk is still present. This study was conducted to determine if psoralen photochemistry could inactivate an obligate intracellular bacterium, with documented potential for transfusion, in PCs to further improve safety. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: PCs were inoculated with MNCs infected with Orientia tsutsugamushi. The concentrates were treated with amounts ranging from 0.86 to 138 mu mol per L of 4'-(aminomethyl)-4,5',8-trimethylpsoralen hydrochloride (AMT) combined with a constant long-wave UVA light (320-400 nm) exposure of 5 J per cm(2). The effects of photochemical treatment were analyzed by using a mouse infectivity assay along with in vitro testing by PCR, indirect fluorescence antibody, direct fluorescence antibody, and Giemsa staining. RESULTS: AMT, at 0.86 mu mol per L or more, combined with UVA light of 5 J per cm2, inactivated O. tsutsugamushi that contaminated PCs. The PCs that did not receive the combined treatment caused infection. CONCLUSIONS: The psoralen AMT, in conjunction with UVA light exposure, effectively abolished the infectivity of PCs deliberately contaminated with the scrub typhus organism O. tsutsugamushi, as tested in a mouse infectivity assay. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Blood Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Rickettsial Dis, Washington, DC USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Rickettsial Dis, Washington, DC USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Blood Res Detachment, Washington, DC USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Program, Bethesda, MD USA. Cerus Corp, Concord, CA USA. RP Lippert, LE (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Blood Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 33 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD DEC PY 2000 VL 40 IS 12 BP 1503 EP 1507 DI 10.1046/j.1537-2995.2000.40121503.x PG 5 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 389DW UT WOS:000166224200014 PM 11134571 ER PT J AU Schwartz, BF Schenkman, N Nguyen, R Stoller, MIL AF Schwartz, BF Schenkman, N Nguyen, R Stoller, MIL TI Gahat: A Napalese cure for urolithiasis? SO UROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CALCIUM-OXALATE UROLITHIASIS; MAGNESIUM-OXIDE; CRYSTALLIZATION AB Objectives. Gahat (Vigna unguiculata) is a legume used for centuries in Nepal and Pakistan to treat the symptoms associated with urinary calculi, We prospectively evaluated the effect of Gahat consumption on 24-hour urine parameters in an attempt to assess its in vivo effect in normal volunteers, Methods. Eight non-stone-forming volunteers collected 24-hour urine specimens while on their routine diets for baseline data. Urine was analyzed for pH, volume, calcium, citrate, phosphate, sodium, magnesium, uric acid, and oxalate. The Gahat was prepared according to local custom, No additives were used to enhance flavor, The pureed mixture (8 ounces) was ingested three times daily for 2 days. Subjects were instructed to maintain their normal diet, including fluid intake and activity during the study period. Twenty-four hours after the start of Gahat intake, a second 24-hour urine collection was initiated while volunteers continued the Gahat. Results of the urine samples before and after Gahat intake were analyzed, using the paired Student t test. Results. There were no significant differences in urinary electrolytes between the urine samples before and after Gahat intake. Magnesium, urine volume, and uric acid differences approached clinical significance, Conclusions. Gahat increased urinary magnesium through an unknown mechanism and had no effect on other routine 24-hour urine electrolytes. The increase in urinary volume is attributed to the increase in fluid consumption by the subjects. If this legume is effective in preventing or dissolving urinary calculi, it may act through mechanisms not identified in 24-hour urine electrolytes. UROLOGY 56: 912-914, 2000. (C) 2000, Elsevier Science Inc. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Urol, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Schwartz, BF (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Urol, 1 Jarrett White Rd, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0090-4295 J9 UROLOGY JI UROLOGY PD DEC PY 2000 VL 56 IS 6 BP 912 EP 914 DI 10.1016/S0090-4295(00)00840-2 PG 3 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 383QQ UT WOS:000165894200004 PM 11113729 ER PT J AU Tarman, GJ Kane, CJ Moul, JW Thrasher, JB Foley, JP Wilhite, D Riffenburgh, RH Amling, CL AF Tarman, GJ Kane, CJ Moul, JW Thrasher, JB Foley, JP Wilhite, D Riffenburgh, RH Amling, CL TI Impact of socioeconomic status and race on clinical parameters of patients undergoing radical prostatectomy in an equal access health care system SO UROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CANCER; SURVIVAL; WHITE AB Objectives. To analyze the relationships among socioeconomic status (SES), race, and the clinical parameters of patients undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP) in an equal access health care system. Methods. The Department of Defense Center for Prostate Disease Research longitudinal prostate cancer database from multiple military institutions was used to analyze the clinical, pathologic, and outcome data of 1058 patients with localized (Stage T2c or lower) prostate cancer and a preoperative prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level of 20 ng/mL or less who underwent RP between January 1987 and December 1997. Military rank (officer versus enlisted) was used as a surrogate measure of SES. Results. The percentage of patients with pathologic Gleason grade 7 or greater prostate cancer was higher in enlisted (45%) than in officer (37%) patients (P = 0.021). However, no difference was found between these groups with respect to pathologic stage or biochemical recurrence rates, African Americans presented at a younger age (P = 0.003), with a higher pretreatment PSA level (P = 0.001), and demonstrated higher biochemical recurrence rates than other ethnic groups (P = 0.037). The Cox proportional hazards analysis showed that a lower SES (P = 0.010) but not African American race (P = 0.696) was an independent predictor of a higher grade (Gleason grade 7 or higher) cancer. However, biochemical progression was more common in African American men (P = 0.035) and was not related to SES (P = 0.883). Conclusions. In an equal access health care system, patients of lower SES presented with higher grade prostate cancer at the time of RP. However, only African American race predicted biochemical progression after RP. UROLOGY 56: 1016-1020, 2000. Published by Elsevier Science Inc. C1 USN, Med Ctr, Dept Urol, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Urol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Madigan Army Med Ctr, Dept Urol, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Urol, San Antonio, TX USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Ctr Prostate Dis Res, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Tarman, GJ (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Res, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 19 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0090-4295 J9 UROLOGY JI UROLOGY PD DEC PY 2000 VL 56 IS 6 BP 1016 EP 1020 DI 10.1016/S0090-4295(00)00808-6 PG 5 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 383QQ UT WOS:000165894200025 PM 11113750 ER PT J AU Kalidindi, SR Schoenfeld, SE AF Kalidindi, SR Schoenfeld, SE TI On the prediction of yield surfaces by the crystal plasticity models for fcc polycrystals SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE yield surfaces; crystal plasticity; fcc polycrystals ID CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC TEXTURE; ANISOTROPIC MATERIALS; ROLLING TEXTURES; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; DEFORMATION; METALS; EVOLUTION; FORMULATION; SIMULATION AB Numerical averaging procedures utilizing the finite element technique have been proposed in the literature as an improvement over the Taylor averaging scheme for modelling the constitutive behavior of polycrystal aggregates with a known distribution of lattice orientations and a known single crystal constitutive behavior. In this paper, yield surfaces are predicted for fee polycrystals with different textures (including random textures and rolling textures) by both the finite element technique and the fully constrained Taylor model. Using both techniques, we study the influence of texture, polycrystal averaging method, and the evolution of slip anisotropy (due to various latent-hardening assumptions) on stress-space contours at constant offset strain. Results show that slip anisotropy and latent hardening assumptions may be more significant than preferred crystallographic orientations (texture) in determining the anisotropic stress response. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, WM,TD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. Drexel Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Schoenfeld, SE (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, WM,TD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RI Kalidindi, Surya/A-1024-2007; OI Kalidindi, Surya/0000-0001-6909-7507 NR 35 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD NOV 30 PY 2000 VL 293 IS 1-2 BP 120 EP 129 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(00)01048-0 PG 10 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 357FX UT WOS:000089488800016 ER PT J AU Elsayed, NM Armstrong, KL William, MT Cooper, MF AF Elsayed, NM Armstrong, KL William, MT Cooper, MF TI Antioxidant loading reduces oxidative stress induced by high-energy impulse noise (blast) exposure SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE antioxidants; vitamin E; vitamin C; lipoic acid; high-energy impulse noise; blast overpressure; hemoglobin; oxidative stress ID LIPID-PEROXIDATION; BOMB EXPLOSION; OVERPRESSURE; INJURY; MECHANISM; EXERCISE; RATS AB Detonation of explosives, firing of large caliber weapons and occupational explosions, professional or accidental, produce high-energy impulse noise (blast) waves characterized by a rapid rise in atmospheric pressure (overpressure) followed by gradual decay to ambient level. Exposure to blast waves causes injury, predominantly to the hollow organs such as ears and lungs. We have previously reported that blast exposure can induce free radical-mediated oxidative stress in the lung characterized by antioxidant depletion, lipid peroxidation, and hemoglobin (Hb) oxidation. In this study, we examined whether pre-loading, adequately fed rats, with pharmacological doses of antioxidants would reduce the response to blast. Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 300-350 g were loaded with either 800 IU vitamin E (VE), 1000 mg Vitamin C (VC) or 25 mg lipoic acid (LA) for 3 consecutive days by gavage before exposure to blast. Both VE, and LA were dissolved in 2 ml corn oil, but VC in 2 ml water. After the 3-day antioxidant loading, the rats were divided into six groups (five rats per group), deeply anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital (60 mg/kg body weight), then exposed to a low-level blast (62 +/- 2 kPa peak pressure and 5 ms duration). A matched number of groups were sham exposed and served as controls. One hour after exposure, all rats were euthanized then blood, and lung tissue was analyzed. We found that antioxidant loading resulted in restored Hb oxygenation, and reduced lipid peroxidation. Lung tissue VE content was elevated after loading but VC did not change possibly due to their different bioavailability and saturation kinetics. These observations, suggest that brief antioxidant loading with pharmacological doses can reduce blast-induced oxidative stress, and may have occupational and clinical implications. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC USA. RP Elsayed, NM (reprint author), SmithKline Beecham, Consumer Healthcare, New Prod Res, 1500 Littleton Rd, Parsippany, NJ 07054 USA. NR 39 TC 11 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD NOV 30 PY 2000 VL 155 IS 1-3 BP 91 EP 99 DI 10.1016/S0300-483X(00)00281-X PG 9 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 385VH UT WOS:000166025200010 PM 11154801 ER PT J AU Pekary, AE Meyerhoff, JL Sattin, A AF Pekary, AE Meyerhoff, JL Sattin, A TI Electroconvulsive seizures modulate levels of thyrotropin releasing hormone and related peptides in rat hypothalamus, cingulate and lateral cerebellum SO BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE depression; limbic system; high-pressure liquid chromatography; radioimmunoassay ID INHIBITING FACTOR; HIPPOCAMPAL-NEURONS; KINDLED SEIZURES; GENE-EXPRESSION; PREPRO-TRH; BRAIN; INCREASES; CORTEX; PREPRO-TRH-(160-169); MECHANISMS AB We have studied the neuroanatomic extent of electroconvulsive (ECS)-responsive prepro-TRH and TRH-related gene expression and its possible interaction with forced swimming. Young adult male Wistar rats were treated in a 2X2 Latin square protocol of swimming, no swimming, three daily ECS or sham ECS. Sixteen different brain regions were dissected and immunoreactivity measured for TRH (pGlu-His-Pro-NH2); TRH-Gly, a TRH precursor; Ps4, a prepro-TRH-derived TRH-enhancing decapeptide, and EEP (pGlu-Glu-Pro-NH2). ECS, in addition to elevating TRH-immunoreactivity (TRH-IR), TRH-Gly-IR, Ps4-IR and EEP-IR levels in the limbic regions, as we have previously reported, also significantly increased Ps4-IR levels in hypothalamus, posterior cingulate and lateral cerebellum, and increased TRH-Gly-IR levels in hypothalamus. Interestingly, the combination of ECS and swimming significantly reduced the levels of TRH-Gly-IR in the anterior cingulate compared to the sham ECS-no swim group. The combined use of high-pressure liquid chromatography and the EEP radioimmunoassay (RIA) revealed that pGlu-Tyr-Pro-NH2 and/or pGlu-Phe-Pro-NH2 occur in amygdala, anterior cingulate, frontal cortex, entorhinal cortex, lateral cerebellum and striatum and make a substantial contribution to the EEP-IR and TRH-IR. We conclude that ECS can alter the expression and secretion of TRH-related peptides in the hypothalamus, cingulate and lateral cerebellum. Such effects have not previously been reported in these limbic and extra-limbic regions which are increasingly implicated in the autonomic, behavioral and volitional changes which accompany severe depression and its treatment. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare Syst, Los Angeles, CA 90073 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Dept Med, Los Angeles, CA 90073 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90073 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Brain Res Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90073 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Neurosci, Dept Neuroendocrinol & Neurochem, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Pekary, AE (reprint author), VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare Syst, Los Angeles, CA 90073 USA. NR 47 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8993 J9 BRAIN RES JI Brain Res. PD NOV 24 PY 2000 VL 884 IS 1-2 BP 174 EP 183 DI 10.1016/S0006-8993(00)02930-9 PG 10 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 381EK UT WOS:000165749200019 PM 11082499 ER PT J AU Dannenberg, AM Bishai, WR Parrish, N Ruiz, R Johnson, W Zook, BC Boles, JW Pitt, LM AF Dannenberg, AM Bishai, WR Parrish, N Ruiz, R Johnson, W Zook, BC Boles, JW Pitt, LM TI Efficacies of BCG and vole bacillus (Mycobacterium microti) vaccines in preventing clinically apparent pulmonary tuberculosis in rabbits: a preliminary report SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE tuberculosis; BCG and vole bacillus vaccines; tubercle-count method ID VIRULENCE; STRAINS AB Tuberculosis (TB) kills more people in the world today than any other infectious disease, and the number of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates is increasing. Vaccines, better than most of the currently available strains of bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG), are urgently needed to control this disease. TB in rabbits resembles human TB more closely than TB in any other common laboratory animal and a most pertinent method of assessing vaccine efficacy is Lurie's tubercle count method in this species. Vaccinated and control rabbits were infected by aerosol with virulent human-type tubercle bacilli (H37Rv). At necropsy 5 weeks thereafter, the grossly visible primary tubercles in the entire lung were counted. A decrease in the number of such tubercles is a quantitative measure of vaccine efficacy: An effective vaccine prevents microscopic tubercles from growing to grossly visible (clinically apparent) size. The Pasteur substrain of BCG and two substrains of Mycobacterium microti (the vole bacillus) reduced the number of visible primary tubercles an average of 75%, whereas three other substrains of BCG and three other substrains of vole bacilli only reduced the number an average of 40%. These initial studies indicate that Lurie's tubercle-count method in rabbits is a precise way to choose the best available tuberculosis vaccines. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. George Washington Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Washington, DC 20037 USA. George Washington Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Anim Res, Washington, DC 20037 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Dept Aerobiol & Prod Evaluat, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Dannenberg, AM (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI36973, AI37856, AI35195] NR 34 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD NOV 22 PY 2000 VL 19 IS 7-8 BP 796 EP 800 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(00)00300-5 PG 5 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 380PA UT WOS:000165709200014 PM 11115701 ER PT J AU Gretz, JE Norbury, CC Anderson, AO Proudfoot, AEI Shaw, S AF Gretz, JE Norbury, CC Anderson, AO Proudfoot, AEI Shaw, S TI Lymph-borne chemokines and other low molecular weight molecules reach high endothelial venules via specialized conduits while a functional barrier limits access to the lymphocyte microenvironments in lymph node cortex SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE reticular network; mouse; rat; lymphocyte recirculation; antigen ID GENE-EXPRESSION; T-LYMPHOCYTES; CELL-ADHESION; RAT; BINDING; PERMEABILITY; ARCHITECTURE; EMIGRATION; CYTOKINES; RESPONSES AB Lymph-borne, soluble factors (e.g., chemokines and others) influence lymphocyte recirculation and endothelial phenotype at high endothelial venules (HEVs) in lymph node cortex. Yet the route lymph-borne soluble molecules travel from the subcapsular sinus to the HEVs is unclear. Therefore, we injected subcutaneously into mice and rats a wide variety of fluorophore-labeled, soluble molecules and examined their distribution in the draining lymph nodes. Rather than percolating throughout the draining lymph node, all molecules, including microbial lipopolysaccharide, were very visible in the subcapsular and medullary sinuses but were largely excluded from the cortical lymphocyte microenviroments. Exclusion prevailed even during the acute lymph node enlargement accompanying viral infection. However, low molecular mass (MW) molecules, including chemokines, did gain entry into the cortex, but in a very defined manner. Low MW, fluorophore-labeled molecules highlighted the subcapsular sinus, the reticular fibers, and the abluminal and luminal surfaces of the associated HEVs. These low MW molecules were in the fibers of the reticular network, a meshwork of collagen fibers ensheathed by fibroblastic reticular cells that connects the subcapsular sinus floor and the HEVs by intertwining with their basement membranes. Thus, low MW, lymph-borne molecules, including chemokines, traveled rapidly from the subcapsular sinus to the HEVs using the reticular network as a conduit. C1 NCI, Expt Immunol Branch, Human Immunol Sect, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIAID, Viral Dis Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Lab Mucosal Immunol, Ft Detrick, MD 21712 USA. Serono Pharmaceut Res Inst, CH-1228 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Shaw, S (reprint author), NCI, Expt Immunol Branch, Human Immunol Sect, NIH, Bldg 10,Rm 4B36,10 Ctr Dr,MSC 1360, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 75 TC 328 Z9 332 U1 0 U2 7 PU ROCKEFELLER UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 1114 FIRST AVE, 4TH FL, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0022-1007 J9 J EXP MED JI J. Exp. Med. PD NOV 20 PY 2000 VL 192 IS 10 BP 1425 EP 1439 DI 10.1084/jem.192.10.1425 PG 15 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 375ZH UT WOS:000165433000005 PM 11085745 ER PT J AU Kamhawi, S Belkaid, Y Modi, G Rowton, E Sacks, D AF Kamhawi, S Belkaid, Y Modi, G Rowton, E Sacks, D TI Protection against cutaneous Leishmaniasis resulting from bites of uninfected sand flies SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID EXPERIMENTAL TRANSMISSION; PARASITE TRANSMISSION; LUTZOMYIA-LONGIPALPIS; INTERFERON-GAMMA; VECTOR SALIVA; MICE; DIPTERA; CELLS; PSYCHODIDAE; IMMUNOLOGY AB Despite the fact that Leishmania are transmitted exclusively by sand flies, none of the experimental models of Leishmaniasis have established infection via sand fly bites. Here we describe a reproducible murine model of Leishmania major infection transmitted by Phlebotomus papatasi. Prior exposure of mice to bites of uninfected sand flies conferred powerful protection against Leishmania major that was associated with a strong delayed-type hypersensitivity response and with interferon-gamma production at the site of parasite delivery. These results have important implications for the epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis and suggest a vaccination strategy against this and possibly other vector-borne diseases. C1 NIAID, Parasit Dis Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Sacks, D (reprint author), NIAID, Parasit Dis Lab, NIH, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RI Rowton, Edgar/A-1975-2011; Rowton, Edgar/A-4474-2012 OI Rowton, Edgar/0000-0002-1979-1485; NR 22 TC 190 Z9 197 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD NOV 17 PY 2000 VL 290 IS 5495 BP 1351 EP 1354 DI 10.1126/science.290.5495.1351 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 375BN UT WOS:000165379800047 PM 11082061 ER PT J AU Garrison, MA Bailey, JK Pollack, MS Elston, DM Libow, L Sheffler, RL AF Garrison, MA Bailey, JK Pollack, MS Elston, DM Libow, L Sheffler, RL TI Transfusion associated graft-versus-host disease in an apparently immunocompetent patient initially identified as toxic epidermal necrolysis. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2000 VL 96 IS 11 MA 4145 BP 106B EP 107B PN 2 PG 2 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 372WC UT WOS:000165256200485 ER PT J AU Greenwalt, TJ Hess, JR Rugg, N Knapp, AD Gormas, JF AF Greenwalt, TJ Hess, JR Rugg, N Knapp, AD Gormas, JF TI The storage lesion of red blood cells is undefined. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Cincinnati, Hoxworth Blood Ctr, Cincinnati, OH USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Blood Res Dept, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2000 VL 96 IS 11 MA 4148 BP 107B EP 107B PN 2 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 372WC UT WOS:000165256200488 ER PT J AU Bannerji, R Pearson, M Flinn, IW Shinn, CA Goodrich, A Lucas, M Byrd, JC AF Bannerji, R Pearson, M Flinn, IW Shinn, CA Goodrich, A Lucas, M Byrd, JC TI Cell surface complement inhibitors CD55 and CD59 may mediate chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) resistance to rituximab therapy SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Johns Hopkins Oncol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2000 VL 96 IS 11 MA 706 BP 164A EP 164A PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 372WB UT WOS:000165256100707 ER PT J AU Buj, V Shinn, C Pearson, MD Byrd, JC AF Buj, V Shinn, C Pearson, MD Byrd, JC TI Ex vivo induction of cytokines by Campath-1H: Preliminary evidence of an in vitro model to predict infusion-related toxicity. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Johns Hopkins Oncol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2000 VL 96 IS 11 MA 710 BP 165A EP 165A PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 372WB UT WOS:000165256100711 ER PT J AU Pearson, MD Buj, V Shinn, C Waymer, SF Sickler, J Flynn, JM Lucas, MS Flinn, IW Byrd, JC AF Pearson, MD Buj, V Shinn, C Waymer, SF Sickler, J Flynn, JM Lucas, MS Flinn, IW Byrd, JC TI GM-CSF treatment does not up-regulate expression of CD20 in vivo in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Johns Hopkins Oncol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2000 VL 96 IS 11 MA 717 BP 166A EP 167A PN 1 PG 2 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 372WB UT WOS:000165256100718 ER PT J AU Murphy, TJ Shinn, C Grever, MR Byrd, JC AF Murphy, TJ Shinn, C Grever, MR Byrd, JC TI Depsipeptide induces histone acetylation and promotes apoptosis in human acute myelogenous leukemia cells with the t(8;21)(q22;q22) translocation. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Hematol & Oncol Serv, Washington, DC USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Div Hematol Malignanc, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Med, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2000 VL 96 IS 11 MA 4648 BP 214B EP 214B PN 2 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 372WC UT WOS:000165256200988 ER PT J AU Levasseur, L Byrd, J Binet, JL Bron, D Flinn, I Johnson, S Petric, R Deglise-Favre, A Suarez, JR Grever, M AF Levasseur, L Byrd, J Binet, JL Bron, D Flinn, I Johnson, S Petric, R Deglise-Favre, A Suarez, JR Grever, M TI Interim population pharmacokinetic (PK)/pharmacodynamic (PD) analysis of flavopiridol (HMR1275) administered as a 24-hour IV infusion in patients with fludarabine-refractory or intolerant Bcell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Hop La Pitie Salpetriere, Paris, France. Inst Jules Bordet, Brussels, Belgium. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Johns Hopkins Oncol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Taunton & Somerset Hosp, Taunton, Somerset, England. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2000 VL 96 IS 11 MA 4995 BP 290B EP 290B PN 2 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 372WC UT WOS:000165256201335 ER PT J AU Shinn, C Larsen, D Suarez, JR Buj, V Petric, R Pearson, MD Flinn, IW Levasseur, L Grever, MR Byrd, JC AF Shinn, C Larsen, D Suarez, JR Buj, V Petric, R Pearson, MD Flinn, IW Levasseur, L Grever, MR Byrd, JC TI Flavopiridol sensitivity of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells in vitro varies based upon species specific drug protein binding. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Johns Hopkins Oncol Ctr, Baltimore, MD USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Aventis, Bridgeport, NJ USA. Quintiles, Kansas City, MO USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. CLL Res Consortium, San Diego, CA USA. NR 0 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2000 VL 96 IS 11 MA 5014 BP 294B EP 294B PN 2 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 372WC UT WOS:000165256201354 ER PT J AU Waselenko, JK Burrows, A Lucas, M Ekstrand, JR Myhand, R Lee, N Edenfield, WJ Byrd, JC AF Waselenko, JK Burrows, A Lucas, M Ekstrand, JR Myhand, R Lee, N Edenfield, WJ Byrd, JC TI Low dose recombinent interleukin 2 (rIL-2) following high-dose chemotherapy (HDC) and autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), mantle cell (MCL), and follicular lymphoma (FL). SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2000 VL 96 IS 11 MA 5268 BP 350B EP 350B PN 2 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 372WC UT WOS:000165256201608 ER PT J AU Widhopf, GF Marathe, CM Rassenti, LZ Byrd, JC Flinn, IW Gribben, JG Kipps, TJ AF Widhopf, GF Marathe, CM Rassenti, LZ Byrd, JC Flinn, IW Gribben, JG Kipps, TJ TI Lack of correlation between immunoglobulin somatic mutation and expression of CD38 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIH, NCI, CLL Res Consortium, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, Div Hematol Oncol, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Johns Hopkins Oncol Ctr, Baltimore, MD USA. Dana Farber Canc Inst, Div Hematol Oncol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2000 VL 96 IS 11 MA 1586 BP 367A EP 367A PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 372WB UT WOS:000165256101587 ER PT J AU Kitada, S Pearson, M Flinn, IW Shinn, C Reed, JC Byrd, JC AF Kitada, S Pearson, M Flinn, IW Shinn, C Reed, JC Byrd, JC TI The mechanism of in vivo leukemia cell clearance by Rituximab in patients with CLL involves apoptosis by a caspase 9 pathway. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Burnham Inst, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. CLL Res Consortium, San Diego, CA USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Johns Hopkins Oncol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2000 VL 96 IS 11 MA 2216 BP 515A EP 515A PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 372WB UT WOS:000165256102217 ER PT J AU Czader, M Kuzdzal, S Flinn, I Byrd, J Chan, D Borowitz, MJ AF Czader, M Kuzdzal, S Flinn, I Byrd, J Chan, D Borowitz, MJ TI The application of protein chip surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization (SELDI) mass spectrometry for the identification of proteins in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2000 VL 96 IS 11 MA 2488 BP 579A EP + PN 1 PG 2 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 372WB UT WOS:000165256102488 ER PT J AU Krishnamurti, C Stewart, MW Cutting, MA Rothwell, SW AF Krishnamurti, C Stewart, MW Cutting, MA Rothwell, SW TI Treatment of platelets with fatty acids stabilizes platelet function in vitro and in vivo. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. Thrombot Inc, Edmonton, AB, Canada. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2000 VL 96 IS 11 MA 2829 BP 658A EP 658A PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 372WB UT WOS:000165256102829 ER PT J AU Greenwalt, TJ Hess, JR Rugg, N Knapp, AD Gormas, JF AF Greenwalt, TJ Hess, JR Rugg, N Knapp, AD Gormas, JF TI Evidence that hypotonicity is important for red blood cell (RBC) preservation. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Cincinnati, Howworth Blood Ctr, Cincinnati, OH USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Blood Res Detachment, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2000 VL 96 IS 11 MA 2837 BP 660A EP 660A PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 372WB UT WOS:000165256102837 ER PT J AU Byrd, JC Waselenko, JK Shinn, CA Willis, CR Park, K Goodrich, A Lucas, MS Grever, MR Flinn, IW AF Byrd, JC Waselenko, JK Shinn, CA Willis, CR Park, K Goodrich, A Lucas, MS Grever, MR Flinn, IW TI Biologic study of theophylline followed by pentostatin and chlorambucil: Favorable activity concurrent with in vivo down-modulation of bcl-2 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Hematol Oncol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Johns Hopkins Oncol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2000 VL 96 IS 11 MA 3266 BP 755A EP 755A PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 372WB UT WOS:000165256103265 ER PT J AU Ales, NC Helman, DL Shorr, AF Byrd, JC AF Ales, NC Helman, DL Shorr, AF Byrd, JC TI Fludarabine associated pulmonary toxicity in chronic lymphoproliferative disorders; A case series. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Inst Canc, Baltimore, MD USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2000 VL 96 IS 11 MA 3272 BP 756A EP 757A PN 1 PG 2 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 372WB UT WOS:000165256103271 ER PT J AU Byrd, JC Murphy, T Lucas, MS Howard, R Goodrich, A Park, K Pearson, M Buj, V Waselenko, JK Grever, MR Flinn, IW AF Byrd, JC Murphy, T Lucas, MS Howard, R Goodrich, A Park, K Pearson, M Buj, V Waselenko, JK Grever, MR Flinn, IW TI Thrice weekly Rituximab demonstrates significant activity in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Johns Hopkins Oncol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2000 VL 96 IS 11 MA 3615 BP 837A EP 837A PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 372WB UT WOS:000165256103614 ER PT J AU Flinn, IW Sickler, J Lucas, M Buj, V Waymer, S Shinn, C Shabooti, M Flynn, J Diehl, L Byrd, JC AF Flinn, IW Sickler, J Lucas, M Buj, V Waymer, S Shinn, C Shabooti, M Flynn, J Diehl, L Byrd, JC TI Randomized trial of early versus delayed GM-CSF with Campath-1H: Preliminary feasibility and correlative biologic studies results. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Johns Hopkins Oncol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2000 VL 96 IS 11 MA 3622 BP 838A EP 838A PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 372WB UT WOS:000165256103621 ER PT J AU He, JA Bian, SP Li, L Kumar, J Tripathy, SK Samuelson, LA AF He, JA Bian, SP Li, L Kumar, J Tripathy, SK Samuelson, LA TI Photochemical behavior and formation of surface relief grating on self-assembled polyion/dye composite film SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID AZO-POLYMER-FILMS; ORIENTED BACTERIORHODOPSIN/POLYCATION MULTILAYERS; NONLINEAR-OPTICAL POLYMERS; LANGMUIR-BLODGETT-FILMS; BY-LAYER ADSORPTION; THIN-FILMS; POLYELECTROLYTE MULTILAYERS; FUNCTIONALIZED POLYMERS; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; SUCCESSIVE DEPOSITION AB Holographic surface relief gratings (SRGs) were fabricated on composite films assembled by electrostatic layer-by-layer (ELBL) deposition of a polyelectrolyte, poly(dimethyl diallylammonium chloride) (PDAC), and an azo dye, Congo Red (CR). Surface modulation and first-order diffraction efficiency of the SRG were found to increase with the thickness of the PDAC/CR films. Polarized absorption spectra indicated an oriented growth of CR on the PDAC film. Analysis of the film thickness, FTIR, and FT-Raman results confirmed that the electrostatic attraction between CR and PDAC, as well as the pi-pi interaction between CR chromophores resulting in the formation of J aggregates, lead to formation of PDAC/CR composite films. Photochemical changes of the PDAC/CR films after irradiation were investigated by W-vis absorption, FTIR, and FT-Raman spectroscopy. The results indicate that in addition to trans double left right arrow cis photoisomerization of CR in the composite film, an irreversible photochemical degradation of CR also simultaneously occurs. Recording SRG on PDAC/CR films by s- and p-polarized beams show different behavior compared to spin-coated films of polymers containing functionalized azo chromophores. Our results indicate that the volume collapse due to the photodegradation of CR in the polymeric matrix, as well as gradient force-induced migration due to trans double left right arrow cis isomerization cycling of CR contribute to the formation of SRG on the composite films. This approach provides a methodology to fabricate SRGs for optical information storage applications by using the facile ELBL technique to assemble commercially available azo dyes and polyelectrolytes. C1 Univ Lowell, Dept Chem & Phys, Ctr Adv Mat, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. USA, Soldier & Biol Chem Command, Natick Soldier Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Tripathy, SK (reprint author), Univ Lowell, Dept Chem & Phys, Ctr Adv Mat, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. NR 78 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5647 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD NOV 16 PY 2000 VL 104 IS 45 BP 10513 EP 10521 DI 10.1021/jp001715r PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 374QL UT WOS:000165355800011 ER PT J AU Makarova, OV Rajh, T Thurnauer, MC Martin, A Kemme, PA Cropek, D AF Makarova, OV Rajh, T Thurnauer, MC Martin, A Kemme, PA Cropek, D TI Surface modification of TiO2 nanoparticles for photochemical reduction of nitrobenzene SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHOTOCATALYTIC DEGRADATION; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; COLLOIDAL TIO2; 2,4,6-TRINITROTOLUENE; TNT; MINERALIZATION; SLURRIES AB The effects of surface modification of nanocrystalline titanium dioxide (TiO2) with specific chelating agents on photocatalytic degradation of nitrobenzene (NB) was investigated in order to design a selective and effective catalyst for removal of nitroaromatic compounds from contaminated waste streams. Mechanisms of NE adsorption and photodecomposition were investigated using infrared absorption and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. Liquid chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry were used for byproduct analyses. Arginine, lauryl sulfate, and salicylic acid were found to bind to TiO2 via their oxygen-containing functional groups. Modification of the TiO2 surface with arginine resulted in enhanced NE adsorption and photodecomposition, and compared to unmodified TiO2. The initial quantum yield for photodegradation of NE in this system was found to be Phi (init) = 0.31 as compared to the one obtained for Degussa P25 of Phi (init) = 0.18. NE degradation followed a reductive pathway over arginine-modified TiO2 and was enhanced upon addition of methanol. No degradation of arginine was detected under the experimental conditions. Arginine improved the coupling between NE and TiO2 and facilitated the transfer of photogenerated electrons from the TiO2 conduction band to the adsorbed NE. These results indicate that surface modification of nanocrystalline TiO2 with electron-donating chelating agents is an effective route to enhance photodecomposition of nitroaromatic compounds. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. USA CERL, CN E, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. RP Makarova, OV (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 37 TC 120 Z9 125 U1 8 U2 64 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 15 PY 2000 VL 34 IS 22 BP 4797 EP 4803 DI 10.1021/es001109+ PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 373XT UT WOS:000165315900021 ER PT J AU Alper, O De Santis, ML Strombreg, K Hacker, NF Cho-Chung, YS Salomon, DS AF Alper, O De Santis, ML Strombreg, K Hacker, NF Cho-Chung, YS Salomon, DS TI Anti-sense suppression of epidermal growth factor receptor expression alters cellular proliferation, cell-adhesion and tumorigenicity in ovarian cancer cells SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER LA English DT Article ID E-CADHERIN EXPRESSION; PROSTATE CARCINOMA-CELLS; EGF SUPERGENE FAMILY; BETA-CATENIN; PROTEIN INTERACTIONS; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; MEDIATED ADHESION; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; BREAST-CANCER; IN-VIVO AB Over-expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in ovarian cancer has been well documented. Human NIH:OVCAR-8 ovarian carcinoma cells were transfected with an expression vector containing the anti-sense orientation of truncated human EGFR cDNA. EGFR anti-sense overexpression resulted in decreased EGFR protein and mRNA expression, cell proliferation and tumor formation in nude mice. In accordance with the reduced levels of EGFR in EGFR anti-sense-expressing cells, tyrosine phosphorylation of EGFR was decreased compared to untransfected parental cells treated with EGF. In EGFR anti-sense-transfected cells, expression of erbB-3, but not erbB-2, was increased. In addition, basal and heregulin-beta I-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of erbB-3 was higher in EGFR anti-sense vector-transfected cells. A morphological alteration in EGFR anti-sense gene-expressing cells was correlated with a decrease in the expression of E-cadherin, alpha -catenin and, to a lesser extent, beta -catenin. Changes in the expression of these proteins were associated with a reduction in complex formation among E-cadherin, beta -catenin and alpha -catenin and between beta -catenin and EGFR in EGFR anti-sense-expressing cells compared to sense-transfected control cells. These results demonstrate that EGFR expression in ovarian carcinoma cells regulates expression of cell adhesion proteins that may enhance cell growth and invasiveness. Published 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.(dagger). C1 NCI, Tumor Immunol & Biol Lab, Tumor Growth Factor Sect, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NCI, Tumor Immunol & Biol Lab, Cellular Biochem Sect, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Div Therapeut Prot, Bethesda, MD USA. Royal Hosp Women, Gynaecol Canc Ctr, Randwick, NSW, Australia. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Mol Pathol, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP NCI, Tumor Immunol & Biol Lab, Tumor Growth Factor Sect, NIH, 9200 Rockville Pike,Bldg 10,Room 5B39, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM davetgfa@helix.nih.gov NR 52 TC 45 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0020-7136 EI 1097-0215 J9 INT J CANCER JI Int. J. Cancer PD NOV 15 PY 2000 VL 88 IS 4 BP 566 EP 574 DI 10.1002/1097-0215(20001115)88:4<566::AID-IJC8>3.0.CO;2-D PG 9 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 368TW UT WOS:000090134500008 PM 11058872 ER PT J AU Handy, EM Rao, MV Holland, OW Jones, KA Derenge, MA Papanicolaou, N AF Handy, EM Rao, MV Holland, OW Jones, KA Derenge, MA Papanicolaou, N TI Variable-dose (10(17)-10(20) cm(-3)) phosphorus ion implantation into 4H-SiC SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BORON; JUNCTION; ALUMINUM; DONORS AB Multiple-energy box profile elevated-temperature (700 degreesC) phosphorus ion implantations were performed into 4H-SiC in the doping range of 1x10(17)-1x10(20) cm(-3). The implanted material was annealed at 1500, 1600, or 1650 degreesC with an AIN encapsulant to prevent degradation of the SiC surface. Within this temperature range the sheet resistance does not change significantly for a given dose. The percentage of electrical activation of the P donors initially decreased with increasing implant dose for P-implant concentration up to 3x10(19) cm(-3) and then increased again at higher doses. For 1x10(20) cm(-3) P implant, a carrier concentration of 4x10(19) cm(-3) was measured at room temperature. In the 10(17) cm(-3) P doping concentration range substitutional activation greater than 85% was measured. Despite performing the implants at 700 degreesC, a significant amount of as-implanted damage was observed in the Rutherford backscattering (RBS) spectrum, even for 10(18) cm(-3) range P implantations. The RBS yield after annealing is near the virgin level for P concentrations up to 1x10(19) cm(-3), but above this concentration the RBS yield is above the virgin level, indicating a significant amount of residual lattice damage in the crystal. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(00)00123-7]. C1 George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. USA, Res Lab, SEDD, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Handy, EM (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. NR 27 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 15 PY 2000 VL 88 IS 10 BP 5630 EP 5634 DI 10.1063/1.1319161 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 369MA UT WOS:000165068700017 ER PT J AU Ryerson, CC Gow, AJ AF Ryerson, CC Gow, AJ TI Crystalline structure and physical properties of ship superstructure spray ice SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON SERIES A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE saline spray ice; ship icing; ice crystals; porosity; salinity; density ID SEA AB In February and March 1990 the US Army Corps of Engineers Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (CRREL) made measurements of superstructure ice on a US Coast Guard cutter in the Bering Sea. Twenty-three ice samples were removed from bulkheads, decks and icicles during two icing events. Ice crystal measurements included crystal size, shape, orientation, brine-pocket location, size and shape, internal layering, and air-bubble sizes. Ice property measurements included salinity, density and temperature, with computed estimates of air and brine volume. This paper describes crystal and physical properties of the accreted ice and their relationship to ice sample position oil the ship. Texturally, accreted ice resembled frazil ice that forms from the consolidation of freely nucleated ice crystals in sea water. This resemblance is also reflected in bulk salinities, ranging from 24 parts per thousand to 7 parts per thousand, compared with frazil formed during the initial stages of freezing of sea water, where bulk salinities can exceed 10 parts per thousand. Crystalline structures of accreted ice ranged from rounded to polygonal. Generally, rounded crystals would be expected for ice formed from sea-spray droplets, polygonal crystals may be attributed to thermally driven modification. No trend towards reorientation of crystallographic c-axes in either freshly accreted or thermally modified ice was observed. Mean crystal sixes ranged from 0.56 mm to 1.15 mm, with even larger crystals in icicles. Ice salinity averaged ca. 12 parts per thousand on bulkheads and ca. 21 parts per thousand on decks. Ice densities ranged from 0.69 to 0.92 Mg m(-3) and mere generally higher on decks. Bulkhead ice had larger computed total porosity and air volume and lower brine volume than deck ice. Samples taken from decks and bulkheads generally compared well with Russian and Japanese measurements. C1 Corps Engineers, CRREL, Dept Army, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Ryerson, CC (reprint author), Corps Engineers, CRREL, Dept Army, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC LONDON PI LONDON PA 6 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1364-503X J9 PHILOS T ROY SOC A JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. PD NOV 15 PY 2000 VL 358 IS 1776 BP 2847 EP 2871 PG 25 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 375LY UT WOS:000165401800004 ER PT J AU Kronenberg, S Brucker, GJ Cummings, B Bechtel, E Gentner, F Horne, S AF Kronenberg, S Brucker, GJ Cummings, B Bechtel, E Gentner, F Horne, S TI Instrument for measuring total alpha particle energies of alpha emitters in ambient air SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE airborne alpha radioactivity; radon progenies AB This paper describes the design, fabrication, testing and evaluation of a self-reading, carbon fiber, electrometer-type instrument. It is used for measuring the total energy of alpha particles emitted in air by progenies of Rn-222 (Po-218, Pb-214, and Bi-214), and sometimes by other types of alpha emitters (e.g. Pb-212, U-238 and Pu-239). The purpose of these measurements is to assess the energy delivered by alpha emission from these sources to the lung tissue. A sample (charged progenies attached to aerosols) is collected on filter paper from a known volume of air and placed on the instrument. The discharge rate indicates the alpha energy in MeVl(-1) of air per min that is produced by the alpha emitters. The calibration procedure shows that the instrument has an energy sensitivity for alpha particles of 800.5 MeV/scale unit. The range of the readout scale is 30 units. Measurements of alpha contamination in air were made using this instrument in buildings, private homes and in a standard chamber. The value of the radon concentration in this chamber is traceable back to the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USA, CECOM, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Brucker, GJ (reprint author), 18 Cheryl Dr,W Long Branch, Long Branch, NJ 07764 USA. NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 11 PY 2000 VL 454 IS 2-3 BP 520 EP 527 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(00)00496-4 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 377LC UT WOS:000165514200024 ER PT J AU Kim, C May-Arrioja, DA LiKamWa, P Newman, P Pamulapati, J AF Kim, C May-Arrioja, DA LiKamWa, P Newman, P Pamulapati, J TI Ultrafast all-optical multiple quantum well integrated optic switch SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB An all-optical integrated Mach-Zehnder interferometer switch is implemented using selective area disordering of a multiple quantum well structure. Ultrafast all-optical switching with an adjustable switching window ranging from 2 to 100ps is demonstrated. The switch contrast ratio in this preliminary device is measured to be 9dB. C1 Univ Cent Florida, CREOL, Sch Opt, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, EP,EE, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Kim, C (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, CREOL, Sch Opt, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. NR 5 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD NOV 9 PY 2000 VL 36 IS 23 BP 1929 EP 1930 DI 10.1049/el:20001347 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 377FR UT WOS:000165503100016 ER PT J AU Rajendran, V Prakash, KRC Ved, HS Saxena, A Doctor, BP Kozikowski, AP AF Rajendran, V Prakash, KRC Ved, HS Saxena, A Doctor, BP Kozikowski, AP TI Synthesis, chiral chromatographic separation, and biological activities of the enantiomers of 10,10-dimethylhuperzine A SO BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HUPERZINE-A; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; ANALOG; AGENT AB (+/-)-10,10-Dimethylhuperzine A (2, DMHA) has been synthesized, and its enantiomers have been separated using chiral HPLC. (-)-DMHA inhibits AChE with a K-i value approaching that of (-)-huperzine A, whereas (+)-DMHA shows no AChE inhibitory activity. On the other hand, both enantiomers are equally potent against glutamate-induced neurotoxicity when tested in neurons. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Drug Discovery Program, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Biochem, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Kozikowski, AP (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Drug Discovery Program, 3900 Reservoir Rd, Washington, DC 20007 USA. NR 15 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0960-894X J9 BIOORG MED CHEM LETT JI Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. PD NOV 6 PY 2000 VL 10 IS 21 BP 2467 EP 2469 DI 10.1016/S0960-894X(00)00494-7 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Organic SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 370AR UT WOS:000165100400017 PM 11078202 ER PT J AU Ma, JY Katz, E Kyle, DE Ziffer, H AF Ma, JY Katz, E Kyle, DE Ziffer, H TI Syntheses and antimalarial activities of 10-substituted deoxoartemisinins SO JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ARTEMISININ; ANALOGS; DERIVATIVES; CONCISE AB Two series of 10-substituted deoxoartemisinin derivatives have been synthesized. The first employed the reaction of dihydroartemisinin acetate with several silyl enol ethers in the presence of titanium tetrachloride. The second utilized the reaction of 10-(2-oxoethyl)deoxoartemisinin with several Grignard reagents. The in vitro antimalarial activities of both series were determined against two drug-resistant clones of P. falciparum. The activities of 13 beta and 15 beta were 5-7 times greater than that of artemisinin. C1 NIDDK, Phys Chem Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIDDK, Bioorgan Chem Lab, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Parasitol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Ziffer, H (reprint author), NIDDK, Phys Chem Lab, NIH, Bldg 5,Rm B1-31, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 13 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-2623 J9 J MED CHEM JI J. Med. Chem. PD NOV 2 PY 2000 VL 43 IS 22 BP 4228 EP 4232 DI 10.1021/jm0001951 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 371UX UT WOS:000165198600020 PM 11063619 ER PT J AU O'Malley, PG Jones, DL Feuerstein, IM Taylor, AJ AF O'Malley, PG Jones, DL Feuerstein, IM Taylor, AJ TI Lack of correlation between psychological factors and subclinical coronary artery disease. SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID BEAM COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; HEART-DISEASE; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; RISK-FACTORS; CAROTID ATHEROSCLEROSIS; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; LUMEN STENOSIS; DEPRESSION; HOSTILITY; CALCIFICATION AB Background: The relation between psychological variables and clinically evident coronary artery disease has been studied extensively, although the potential mechanisms of such a relation remain speculative. We studied the relation between multiple psychological variables and subclinical coronary artery disease to assess the possible role of such variables in atherogenesis. Methods: We conducted a prospective study of 630 consecutive consenting, active-duty U.S. Army personnel, 39 to 45 years of age, without known coronary artery disease. Each participant was assessed for depression, anxiety, somatization, hostility, and stress. Subclinical coronary artery disease was identified by electron-beam computed tomography. Results: The mean (+/-SD) age of the subjects was 42+/-2 years; 82 percent were male, and 72 percent were white. The prevalence of coronary-artery calcification was 17.6 percent (mean calcification score, 10+/-49). The prevalence of prior or current psychiatric disorders was 12.7 percent. There was no correlation between the coronary-calcification score and the scores measuring depression (r=-0.07, P=0.08), anxiety (r=-0.07, P=0.10), hostility (r=-0.07, P=0.10), or stress (r=-0.002, P=0.96). Somatization (the number and severity of durable physical symptoms) was inversely correlated with calcification scores (r=-0.12, P=0.003), even after we controlled for age and sex. In multivariate logistic-regression models, a somatization score greater than 4 (out of a possible 26) was independently associated with the absence of any coronary-artery calcification (odds ratio, 0.49; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.25 to 0.96). Conclusions: Our data suggest that depression, anxiety, hostility, and stress are not related to coronary-artery calcification and that somatization is associated with the absence of calcification. (N Engl J Med 2000;343:1298-304.) (C) 2000, Massachusetts Medical Society. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med EDP, Gen Internal Med Serv, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP O'Malley, PG (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med EDP, Gen Internal Med Serv, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 55 TC 82 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 1 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD NOV 2 PY 2000 VL 343 IS 18 BP 1298 EP 1304 DI 10.1056/NEJM200011023431803 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 368RP UT WOS:000090131600003 PM 11058674 ER PT J AU Gill, SA Meier, PA Kendall, BS AF Gill, SA Meier, PA Kendall, BS TI Use of desmin immunohistochemistry to distinguish between mesothelial cells and carcinoma in serous fluid cell block preparations SO ACTA CYTOLOGICA LA English DT Article DE desmin; immunohistochemistry; mesothelium; serous fluid; cell blocks ID MALIGNANT MESOTHELIOMA; DIFFERENTIAL-DIAGNOSIS; SELECTIVE MARKER; EFFUSIONS; IMMUNOCYTOCHEMISTRY; CALRETININ; EXPRESSION; CYTOLOGY; SPECIMENS; TUMORS AB OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the utility of immunohistochemical stains for desmin in discriminating mesothelial cells from adenocarcinoma in serous fluid cell block preparations. STUDY DESIGN: Cell block preparations from 22 cases (representing 18 patients) that were positive for carcinoma and 5 cases that were negative for malignancy were immunostained with an antibody to desmin. Positive staining was evaluated and scored semiquantitatively in both tumor cells and background mesothelial cells in the malignant cases and mesothelial cells in the negative controls. Staining was evaluated with a score of 0-3 for intensity and 0-5 for distribution. The sum of the two scores was recorded as the total score (TS). RESULTS: Mesothelial cells from all the carcinoma and benign cases stained with desmin (median TS=5.5, range 4-8), typically strong in intensity and widespread in distribution. Positivity was observed in carcinoma cells in all cases, typically weak and focal (range 2-4). Using a total score of 4 as a cutoff for definitively positive staining, desmin staining was positive in mesothelial cells in 25/25 cases and carcinoma cells in 1/22 cases (P < .0001, Fisher's exact test). Additionally, using the Mann-Whitney ranked sum test on the 20 cases with evaluable mesothelial cells, the medians of the total scores for mesothelial cells (5.5) and carcinoma cells (2.5) were significantly different (P < .0001). CONCLUSION A total score of greater than or equal to4 was significantly associated with mesothelial cell staining. Use of desmin immunohistochemical staining in cell block preparations may be helpful in distinguishing between mesothelial cells and carcinoma. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Gill, SA (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCI PRINTERS & PUBL INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO DRAWER 12425 8342 OLIVE BLVD, ST LOUIS, MO 63132 USA SN 0001-5547 J9 ACTA CYTOL JI Acta Cytol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2000 VL 44 IS 6 BP 976 EP 980 PG 5 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 378CX UT WOS:000165568400007 PM 11127755 ER PT J AU Qi, SY Hay, KJ Cal, MP AF Qi, SY Hay, KJ Cal, MP TI Predicting humidity effect on adsorption capacity of activated carbon for water-immiscible organic vapors SO ADVANCES IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE adsorption; activated carbon; water vapor; humidity; orgainc vapor; adsorption capacity ID VOCS AB This paper presents a simple numerical solution to the method of Manes (Proceedings of the Engineering Foundation Conference Bavaria, West Germany, 1984: 335) developed from the Polanyi adsorption potential theory to predict the effect of water humidity on the adsorption capacity of activated carbon for a water-immiscible organic vapor. The input parameters for the solution are the pure vapor adsorption isotherms quantified using the Qi, Hay and Rood (QHR) equation in Qi et al. (J. Environ. Eng., 124(11);1998:1130) for water, and the Dubinin-Radushkevich equation in Dubinin (Progress in Surface and Membrane Science, vol. 9, 1975, Academic Press) for the organic chemical. The solution employs a simple algorithm of decrement search and requires the least possible number of iterations in calculation. Predicted results compare favorably with the adsorption data for benzene in the relative humidity range 0-90%. This numerical approach is straightforward and better suited than the original graphical technique for use in dynamic simulation of activated carbon adsorbers. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Construct Engn Res Lab, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. New Mexico Tech, Dept Environm Engn, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RP Hay, KJ (reprint author), USA, Construct Engn Res Lab, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. RI Qi, Shaoying/A-2837-2008 NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1093-0191 J9 ADV ENVIRON RES JI Adv. Environ. Res. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 4 IS 4 BP 357 EP 362 DI 10.1016/S1093-0191(00)00033-2 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 383WC UT WOS:000165906500009 ER PT J AU Ryerson, CC Koenig, GG Reehorst, AL Pace, DJ AF Ryerson, CC Koenig, GG Reehorst, AL Pace, DJ TI Advancing icing detection SO AEROSPACE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Washington, DC USA. RP Ryerson, CC (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AUTOMOTIVE ENG INC PI WARRENDALE PA 400 COMMONWEALTH DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15096 USA SN 0736-2536 J9 AEROSPACE ENG JI Aerosp. Eng. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 20 IS 11 BP 22 EP 24 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 375BP UT WOS:000165379900029 ER PT J AU Morgan, ED Bledsoe, SC Barker, J AF Morgan, ED Bledsoe, SC Barker, J TI Ambulatory management of burns SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Article ID HYPERTROPHIC SCAR; PRIMARY-CARE; PREVENTION AB Burns often happen unexpectedly and have the potential to cause death, lifelong disfigurement and dysfunction. A critical part of burn management is;assessing the depth and extent of injury. Burns are now commonly classified as superficial, superficial partial thickness, deep partial thickness and full thickness. A systematic approach to burn care focuses on the six "Cs": clothing, cooling, cleaning, chemoprophylaxis, covering and comforting (i.e., pain relief). The American Burl? Association has established criteria for determining which patients can be managed as outpatients and which require hospital admission or referral to a burn center. Follow-up care is important to assess patients for infection, healing and ability to provide proper wound care. Complications of burns include slow healing, scar formal:ion and contracture. Early surgical referral can often help prevent or lessen scarring and contractures. Family physicians should be alert for psychologic problems related to long-term disability or disfigurement from burn injuries. C1 Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Dept Family & Community Med, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. Weed Army Community Hosp, Family Practice Clin, Ft Irwin, CA USA. Moncrief Army Community Hosp, Family Hlth Ctr, Ft Jackson, SC USA. RP Morgan, ED (reprint author), Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Dept Family & Community Med, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. NR 35 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 USA SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD NOV 1 PY 2000 VL 62 IS 9 BP 2015 EP 2026 PG 12 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 373TU UT WOS:000165306000010 PM 11087185 ER PT J AU Vaughn, DW AF Vaughn, DW TI Invited commentary: Dengue lessons from Cuba SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE dengue; dengue hemorrhagic fever; dengue virus; vaccines ID HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; VACCINE; VIRUS; VOLUNTEERS; PATHOGENESIS; OUTBREAK; DISEASE; TRANSMISSION; INFECTION; CHILDREN AB An 18-year interval between a dengue virus type 1 outbreak in 1977-1979 and a dengue virus type 2 outbreak in 1997 in Santiago de Cuba, Cuba, provided a unique opportunity to evaluate risk factors for dengue disease. All patients with symptomatic dengue, including 205 cases of dengue hemorrhagic fever and 12 deaths, were adults born before the dengue virus type 1 epidemic, and nearly all (98%) experienced secondary dengue virus infections. In contrast, almost all of those who seroconverted without illness (97%) experienced primary dengue virus infection. This provides epidemiologic support for the immune enhancement theory of dengue pathogenesis. The Cuban experience suggests that immune enhancement can be seen even 20 years after the primary dengue virus infection. It also supports the contention that primary infections with dengue virus type 2 (and dengue virus type 4) are largely subclinical. These observations have implications for dengue vaccine development based on live-attenuated viruses. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Virus Dis, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Vaughn, DW (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Virus Dis, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 59 TC 44 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD NOV 1 PY 2000 VL 152 IS 9 BP 800 EP 803 DI 10.1093/aje/152.9.800 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 369ZN UT WOS:000165097800002 PM 11085390 ER PT J AU Dillingham, TR Lauder, TD Andary, M Kumar, S Pezzin, LE Stephens, RT Shannon, S AF Dillingham, TR Lauder, TD Andary, M Kumar, S Pezzin, LE Stephens, RT Shannon, S TI Identifying lumbosacral radiculopathies - An optimal electromyographic screen SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL MEDICINE & REHABILITATION LA English DT Article DE electrodiagnosis; electromyography; radiculopathy; nerve conduction; lumbosacral region; radiculitis ID MUSCLES; ELECTRODIAGNOSIS; MINIMONOGRAPH; NUMBER AB Objective: The objective of this study was to determine prospectively the optimal electromyographic screening examination of the lower limb that ensures identification of those lumbosacral radiculopathies that can be electrodiagnostically confirmed, yet minimizes the number of muscles studied. Design: A prospective multicenter study was conducted from May 1996 to September 1997, Patients with suspected lumbosacral radiculopathy referred to participating electrodiagnostic laboratories were recruited and examined by needle electromyography using a standard set of muscles. Patients with electrodiagnostically confirmed lumbosacral radiculopathies were selected for analysis. Various muscle screens were tested against this group of patients with radiculopathies to determine the frequency with which each screen identified the patient with radiculopathy. Results: There were 102 patients identified. When paraspinal muscles were one of the screening muscles, four-muscle screens identified 88-97% of the radiculopathies, five-muscle screens identified 94-98%, and six-muscle screens 98-100%, When paraspinal muscles were not part of the screen, identification rates were lower for all screens, and eight distal muscles were necessary to identify about 90% of the radiculopathies. Conclusions: Six-muscle screens with paraspinal muscles yielded consistently high identification rates. Studying additional muscles produced no improvements in identification. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys Med & Rehabil, Baltimore, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Emergency Med, Baltimore, MD USA. Mayo Clin, Dept Phys Med & Rehabil, Rochester, MN USA. Michigan State Coll Osteopath Med, Dept Phys Med & Rehabil, E Lansing, MI USA. Madigan Army Med Ctr, Phys Med & Rehabil Serv, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. Womack Army Med Ctr, Phys Med & Rehabil Serv, Ft Bragg, NC USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Phys Med & Rehabil Serv, Washington, DC USA. RP Dillingham, TR (reprint author), 10352 Waverly Woods Dr, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. NR 28 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0894-9115 J9 AM J PHYS MED REHAB JI Am. J. Phys. Med. Rehabil. PD NOV-DEC PY 2000 VL 79 IS 6 BP 496 EP 503 DI 10.1097/00002060-200011000-00002 PG 8 WC Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences SC Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences GA 371WF UT WOS:000165201700002 PM 11083298 ER PT J AU Gries, DM Tam, EK Blaisdell, JM Iwamoto, LM Fujiwara, N Uyehara, CFT Nakamura, KT AF Gries, DM Tam, EK Blaisdell, JM Iwamoto, LM Fujiwara, N Uyehara, CFT Nakamura, KT TI Differential effects of inhaled nitric oxide and hyperoxia on pulmonary dysfunction in newborn guinea pigs SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE enzyme; proteinase; combined nitric oxide and hyperoxia; pulmonary function ID RADICAL PRODUCTION; LUNG INJURY; SUPEROXIDE; RATS; PEROXYNITRITE; HYPERTENSION; OXYGENATION; INHALATION; INHIBITION; INCREASES AB This study tested the hypothesis that inhaled nitric oxide (NO) and combined NO and hyperoxia will result in less pulmonary dysfunction and delay onset of respiratory signs compared with hyperoxia-exposed newborn guinea pigs (GPs). GPs were exposed to room air (n = 14), 95% O-2 (n = 36), 20 parts per million (ppm) NO (n = 14), or combined 20 ppm NO and 95% O-2 (NO/O-2, n = 13) for up to 5 days. Data evaluated included latency interval for onset of respiratory distress, pressure volume curves, lung histology, and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs), proteolytic activity, and total protein. NO-exposed GPs did not develop respiratory distress and had no evidence of pulmonary dysfunction. O-2-exposed GPs developed respiratory distress after 1-5 days (median 4.0) vs. 3-5 days (median 5.0) for NO/O-2 exposure (P < 0.05). BAL from O-2-exposed GPs showed increased PMNs compared with NO/O-2-exposed GPs. O-2- and NO/O-2-exposed GPs had comparable reduced lung volumes, lung histology, and increased BAL proteinase activity and total protein. In summary 1) O-2 exposure resulted in multiple measures of pulmonary dysfunction in newborn GPs, 2) 5-day exposure to NO produced no noticeable respiratory effects and pulmonary dysfunction, and 3) short-term exposure (5 days) to NO/O-2 delayed onset of respiratory distress and neither exacerbated nor attenuated pulmonary dysfunction compared with O-2 exposure alone. C1 Univ Hawaii, Kapiolani Med Ctr Women & Children, John A Burns Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Honolulu, HI 96826 USA. Univ Hawaii, Dept Med, Honolulu, HI 96826 USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Nakamura, KT (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Kapiolani Med Ctr Women & Children, John A Burns Sch Med, Dept Pediat, 1319 Punahou St, Honolulu, HI 96826 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [U54 RR-14607, P20 RR-11091] NR 35 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0363-6119 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-REG I JI Am. J. Physiol.-Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 279 IS 5 BP R1525 EP R1530 PG 6 WC Physiology SC Physiology GA 366KC UT WOS:000090003700002 PM 11049832 ER PT J AU Lennard, CM Mann, EA Sun, LL Chang, AS Bolger, WE AF Lennard, CM Mann, EA Sun, LL Chang, AS Bolger, WE TI Interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-5, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in chronic sinusitis: Response to systemic corticosteroids SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RHINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IL-1 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; CHRONIC HYPERPLASTIC SINUSITIS; COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR; MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; NASAL POLYPOSIS; TNF-ALPHA; EOSINOPHILS; CYTOKINES; IL-1-BETA AB Recently the role of various cytokines in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis has come under investigation. Various studies have reported increased levels of interleukin-3, interleukin-4, interleukin-5, interleukin-13, and granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor in the sinonasal mucosa of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. The present study investigated the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), interleukin-5 (IL-5), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and turner necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), in the sinonasal mucosa of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis, and evaluated the response of these cytokines to oral corticosteroids. Chronic rhinosinusitis subjects (n = 15) and control subjects (n = 9) underwent ent nasal endoscopy and biopsy of the sinonasal mucosa. Chronic rhinosinusitis subjects were subsequently tr treated with a 10-day tapering dose of prednisone followed by a second sinonasal endoscopic exam and biopsy. Mucosal biopsy specimens were immunostained for IL-I beta, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-a. In chronic rhinosinusitis subjects, mucosal levels of IL-1 beta IL,-6 IL-8, and TNF-alpha were significantly elevated when compared with control subjects, and levels of IL-5 demonstrated a strong trend toward elevation. In posttreatment chronic rhinosinusitis subjects, levels of IL-6 were significantly decreased when compared with pretreatment levels, and TNF-alpha levels demonstrated a significant trend coward reduction. These findings support the hypothesis that the inflammatory response in chronic rhinosinusitis is associated with elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and suggest that oral corticosteroids may evert a benefic beneficial effect by significantly reducing the levels of IL-6 and TNF-alpha. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Div Otolaryngol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Lennard, CM (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Clin Otolaryngol, 6th Floor,6900 Georgia Ave,Bldg 2, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 28 TC 57 Z9 69 U1 2 U2 3 PU OCEAN SIDE PUBLICATIONS INC PI PROVIDENCE PA 95 PITMAN ST, PROVIDENCE, RI 02906 USA SN 1050-6586 J9 AM J RHINOL JI Am. J. Rhinol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2000 VL 14 IS 6 BP 367 EP 373 DI 10.2500/105065800779954329 PG 7 WC Otorhinolaryngology SC Otorhinolaryngology GA 391QC UT WOS:000166365800003 PM 11197112 ER PT J AU Velling, TE Brennan, FJ Hall, LD Watabe, JT AF Velling, TE Brennan, FJ Hall, LD Watabe, JT TI Role of the interventional radiologist in treating obstetric-gynecologic pathology SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UTERINE ARTERY EMBOLIZATION; PELVIC CONGESTION SYNDROME; OVARIAN VEIN EMBOLIZATION; ABSCESSES; DRAINAGE C1 USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Radiol & Clin Invest, Dept Clin Invest,KCA, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Velling, TE (reprint author), USN, San Diego Med Ctr, Dept Radiol & Clin Invest, Dept Clin Invest,KCA, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr,Ste 5, San Diego, CA 92134 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0361-803X J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 175 IS 5 BP 1273 EP 1278 PG 6 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 366MZ UT WOS:000090010300013 PM 11044021 ER PT J AU Uhorchak, JM Arciero, RA Huggard, D Taylor, DC AF Uhorchak, JM Arciero, RA Huggard, D Taylor, DC TI Recurrent shoulder instability after open reconstruction in athletes involved in collision and contact sports SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID INFERIOR CAPSULAR SHIFT; DISLOCATION AB The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence of recurrent instability in a group of young athletes who underwent open shoulder stabilization with a modified Bankart repair and anterior capsulorrhaphy, Recurrent dislocation was defined as an instability episode resulting in complete dislocation requiring manual reduction. Recurrent subluxation was defined as the subjective history of the shoulder "slipping or popping out" or pain and apprehension that caused cessation of athletics for at least 1 day. Sixty-six patients (64 men and 2 women) were included in the study. A collision sport precipitated instability in 53 patients and a contact sport in 13. The average follow-up was 47 months (range, 24 to 72). The average American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score was 95 points (range, 71 to 100). The average Rowe score was 80 points (range, 40 to 100). Two patients had experienced recurrent dislocation after surgery (3%). Eight patients (12%) had rare (fewer than three) episodes of postsurgical subluxation. Five patients (8%) had multiple recurrent subluxations after surgery. Postsurgical recurrent instability was significantly associated with preoperative episodes of subluxation. However, all patients with rare subluxation had an excellent functional result. C1 Keller Army Community Hosp, Orthopaed Serv, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Uhorchak, JM (reprint author), Keller Army Community Hosp, Orthopaed Serv, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 27 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ORTHOPAEDIC SOC SPORT MED PI WALTHAM PA 230 CALVARY STREET, WALTHAM, MA 02154 USA SN 0363-5465 J9 AM J SPORT MED JI Am. J. Sports Med. PD NOV-DEC PY 2000 VL 28 IS 6 BP 794 EP 799 PG 6 WC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA 384ZA UT WOS:000165976100005 PM 11101100 ER PT J AU Springer, BA Arciero, RA Tenuta, JJ Taylor, DC AF Springer, BA Arciero, RA Tenuta, JJ Taylor, DC TI A prospective study of modified Ottawa ankle rules in a military population - Interobserver agreement between physical therapists and orthopaedic surgeons SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CLINICAL DECISION RULES; RADIOGRAPHY; INJURIES AB To determine the necessity of ankle and foot radiographs, we used modified Ottawa Ankle Rules to evaluate all cadets seen with an acute ankle or midfoot injury at the United States Military Academy. This scoring system determines the need for radiographs. Each patient was independently examined and the decision rules were applied by a physical therapist and an orthopaedic surgeon. Ankle and foot radiographs were obtained for all subjects. Sensitivity, specificity, and the positive predictive value were calculated in 153 patients. There were six clinically significant ankle fractures and three midfoot fractures, for a total incidence of 5.8%. For physical therapists, the sensitivity was 100%, the specificity for ankle injuries was 40%, and the specificity for foot injuries was 79%. For orthopaedic surgeons, the sensitivity was also 100%, the specificity for ankle injuries was 46%, and the specificity for foot injuries was 79%. Interobserver agreement between the orthopaedic surgeons and physical therapists regarding the overall decision to obtain radiographs was high, with a kappa coefficient value of 0.82 for ankle injuries and 0.88 for foot injuries. There were no false-negative results. Use of the modified Ottawa Ankle Rules would have reduced the necessity for ankle and foot radiographs by 46% and 79%, respectively. C1 Keller Army Community Hosp, Dept Phys Therapy, W Point, NY USA. Keller Army Community Hosp, Dept Orthopaed, W Point, NY USA. RP Springer, BA (reprint author), 220 Village Commons, Georgetown, TX 78628 USA. NR 12 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ORTHOPAEDIC SOC SPORT MED PI WALTHAM PA 230 CALVARY STREET, WALTHAM, MA 02154 USA SN 0363-5465 J9 AM J SPORT MED JI Am. J. Sports Med. PD NOV-DEC PY 2000 VL 28 IS 6 BP 864 EP 868 PG 5 WC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA 384ZA UT WOS:000165976100015 PM 11101110 ER PT J AU Sanchez, JL Sjogren, MH Callahan, JD Watts, DM Lucas, C Abdel-Hamid, M Constantine, NT Hyams, KC Hinostroza, S Figueroa-Barrios, R Cuthie, JC AF Sanchez, JL Sjogren, MH Callahan, JD Watts, DM Lucas, C Abdel-Hamid, M Constantine, NT Hyams, KC Hinostroza, S Figueroa-Barrios, R Cuthie, JC TI Hepatitis C in Peru: Risk factors for infection, potential iatrogenic transmission and genotype distribution SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; NON-B HEPATITIS; VIRUS-INFECTION; HOMOSEXUAL MEN; NON-A; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB A large seroepidemiologic and genotyping study of hepatitis C virus (HCV) was conducted in Lima, Peru, during the periods of 1986 to 1993 (cohort A) and 1994 (cohort B). Anti-HCV seroprevalence rates were 15.6% (216 of 1,389) and 11.7% (168 of 1,438), respectively. Low rates were seen among volunteer blood donors (1.1% and 0.86). Anti-HCV rates were much higher among patients undergoing hemodialysis (43.7% and 59.3%), hemophiliacs (60.0% and 83.3%), in those more than 39 years old (18.2% and 26.0%), in females (25.0% and 27.4%), and in less-educated persons (16.9%). Age- and gender-adjusted risk factors in cohort B included blood transfusion history (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 29.8), prior organ transplantation (AOR = 9.1) or a history of hepatitis (AOR = 4.9), previous hospitalization (AOR = 3.7), a history of intravenous drug use (AOR = 3.5), prior major surgery (AOR = 2.6), a history of acupuncture (AOR = 2.1), previous dental procedures (AOR = 1.2), and prior medical injections (AOR = 1.04). The most prevalent HCV genotype was type 1 (86%), followed by type 3 (10%) and type 2 (2%). Transmission through unsafe injection-related and medical/dental procedures appears to play an important role in HCV infection among Peruvians. C1 USN, Med Res Ctr Detachment, Lima, Peru. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Gastroenterol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Serv Hepatol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Minia Univ, Dept Microbiol, Minia, Egypt. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Dept Epidemiol, Silver Spring, MD USA. Clin Santa Isabel, Lima, Peru. Hosp Nacl Edgardo Rebagliatti Martins, Inst Peruano Seguro Social, Lima, Peru. USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Directorate Epidemiol & Dis Surveillance, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Sanchez, JL (reprint author), USN, Med Res Ctr Detachment, Unit 3800, APO, AA 34031 USA. NR 35 TC 30 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV-DEC PY 2000 VL 63 IS 5-6 BP 242 EP 248 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 441VM UT WOS:000169250300005 PM 11421371 ER PT J AU Bose, M AF Bose, M TI Games advisors play: Foreign policy in the Nixon and Carter administrations. SO ANNALS OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF POLITICAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCE LA English DT Book Review C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Bose, M (reprint author), US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0002-7162 J9 ANN AM ACAD POLIT SS JI Ann. Am. Acad. Polit. Soc. Sci. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 572 BP 176 EP 177 DI 10.1177/0002716200572001037 PG 2 WC Political Science; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Government & Law; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 364QY UT WOS:000089905200037 ER PT J AU Cloven, NG Re, A McHale, MT Burger, RA DiSaia, PJ Rose, GS Campbell, KCM Fan, H AF Cloven, NG Re, A McHale, MT Burger, RA DiSaia, PJ Rose, GS Campbell, KCM Fan, H TI Evaluation of D-methionine as a cytoprotectant in cisplatin treatment of an animal model for ovarian cancer SO ANTICANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE cytoprotection; ovarian cancer; animal model ID THIOSULFATE PROTECTION; INDUCED NEPHROTOXICITY; THIOETHER SUPPRESSION; RAT; METABOLISM; TOXICITY AB Background: To evaluate the use of D-methionine(D-met) as a cytoprotectant in the context of clinically relevant doses of cisplatin. Materials and Methods: Forty five Fischer rats were injected intraperitoneally with 10(6) NuTu-19 cells and treated as follows: group 1 was the control group and received no treatment, group 2 received cisplatin 4 mg/kg and group 3 received cisplatin 4 mg/kg plus D-met. There were two groups that received high dose cisplatin. Group 4 received cisplatin 8 mg/kg and group 5 received cisplatin 8 mg/kg plus D-mer. Treatment was initiated four weeks after injection of the NuTu-19 cells, and consisted of four weekly intraperitoneal injections. Serum BUN and creatinine levels in the high dose groups evaluated nephrotoxicity and clinical outcome was measured by mean survival using Kaplan Meier analysis. Results: There were no significant elevations in serum BUN or creatinine levels in any of the rats treated with high dose cisplatin. In the animals given cisplatin 8 mg/kg plus D-met, death from toxicity was prevented and all animals completed four treatments. In contrast, only two animals in group 4 (cisplatin 8 mg/kg alone) completed 4 treatments. There was a significant improvement in survival for the animals given D-met. (p=.0001) In all treated groups except for group 4, there was an improvement in survival compared to the control group. When comparing groups 2 and 3 (4mg/kg +/- D-met), there was a subjective decrease in tumor response for group 3 but mean survival was not statistically different. (91 vs. 81 days; p=0.07) A comparison of groups 2 and 5 revealed no survival benefit using high dose cisplatin with D-met. (91 vs. 79 days; p=0.10). Conclusions: Our results indicate that D-methionine provides cytoprotection against cisplatin toxicity without significant compromise of antitumor activity. All though D-methionine allowed for significant dose intensification of cisplatin above standard doses, there was no survival advantage noted in this group of animals. The indications for its use in the treatment of ovarian cancer remain to be determined. C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Canc Res Inst, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Ctr Clin Canc, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Gynecol Oncol, Orange, CA 92868 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. So Illinois Univ, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Div Otolaryngol, Springfield, IL 62794 USA. RP Fan, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Canc Res Inst, 3221 BIO SCI 2, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. NR 18 TC 20 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT INST ANTICANCER RESEARCH PI ATHENS PA EDITORIAL OFFICE 1ST KM KAPANDNTIOU-KALAMOU RD KAPANDRITI, POB 22, ATHENS 19014, GREECE SN 0250-7005 J9 ANTICANCER RES JI Anticancer Res. PD NOV-DEC PY 2000 VL 20 IS 6B BP 4205 EP 4209 PG 5 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 396QP UT WOS:000166648300012 PM 11205249 ER PT J AU Pearson, DC AF Pearson, DC TI The DataStreme Project and Arkwright Elementary School SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 HQ FORSCOM, Weather Flight 2D, Ft Mcpherson, GA 30300 USA. RP Pearson, DC (reprint author), HQ FORSCOM, Weather Flight 2D, 1777 Hardee Way SW, Ft Mcpherson, GA 30300 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 81 IS 11 BP 2681 EP 2682 DI 10.1175/1520-0477(2000)081<2681:TDPAAE>2.3.CO;2 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 370BB UT WOS:000165101300008 ER PT J AU Jones, BP Milliken, BC Penning, DH AF Jones, BP Milliken, BC Penning, DH TI Anesthesia for Cesarean section in a patient with paraplegia resulting from tumour metastases to spinal cord SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANAESTHESIA-JOURNAL CANADIEN D ANESTHESIE LA English DT Article ID AUTONOMIC HYPERREFLEXIA; FIBEROPTIC INTUBATION; REGIONAL ANESTHESIA; EPIDURAL ANALGESIA; INJURED WOMEN; PREGNANCY; PARTURIENTS; DELIVERY; CHORIOAMNIONITIS; LESIONS AB Purpose: Spinal cord injured patients present multiple unique challenges to the anesthesiologist. These include choice of muscle relaxant and management of autonomic hyperreflexia, We report the anesthetic management for Cesarean delivery in a patient who was paraplegic due to spinal canal metastases. Preeclampsia and fever complicated this case. Clinical features: The patient presented at 29 wk gestation with progressive paraplegia at the T-10 level due to metastatic osteosarcoma. She had a decompressive laminectomy without improvement in her paralysis. She subsequently developed preeclampsia at 31 wk gestation, and underwent Cesarean delivery for breech presentation under general anesthesia. Anatomical concerns left us unsure of the efficacy or safety of neuraxial anesthesia, Conclusions: Preeclampsia and autonomic hyperreflexia are generally indications for regional anesthesia for Cesarean section. Tumour in her spinal canal and laboratory abnormalities including thrombocytopenia and a potential urosepsis dissuaded us from this option. Additionally, rapid sequence induction and intubation were not preferred due to paraplegia, leading us to secure the airway fibreoptically. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Anesthesia & Operat Serv, Tripler AMC, HI 96859 USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Anesthesia, Tripler AMC, HI 96859 USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Operat Serv, Tripler AMC, HI 96859 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Anesthesiol, Div Womens Anesthesia, Tripler, HI USA. RP Jones, BP (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Anesthesia & Operat Serv, 1 Jarrett White Rd, Tripler AMC, HI 96859 USA. OI Penning, Donald/0000-0001-7010-2430 NR 28 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU CANADIAN ANESTHESIOLOGISTS SOC PI TORONTO PA 1 EGLINTON AVE EAST, SUITE 208, TORONTO, ONTARIO M4P 3A1, CANADA SN 0832-610X J9 CAN J ANAESTH JI Can. J. Anaesth.-J. Can. Anesth. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 47 IS 11 BP 1122 EP 1128 PG 7 WC Anesthesiology SC Anesthesiology GA 372JA UT WOS:000165229500014 PM 11097545 ER PT J AU Barrett, A Tsoubeli, M Maguire, P Tan, NB Conca, K Wang, Y Porter, B Taub, I AF Barrett, A Tsoubeli, M Maguire, P Tan, NB Conca, K Wang, Y Porter, B Taub, I TI Textural stability of intermediate-moisture extrudates: Effects of formulation SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID POTATO STARCH; X-RAY; FLOUR; RETROGRADATION; MECHANISM; SORPTION; SYSTEMS; MEAT AB Effects of formulation on the textural stability of intermediate-moisture, flour-based, "jerky"-type extrudates were assessed. Potato-based extrudates containing various particulate-meat concentrations and different plasticizers (sucrose, fructose, glycerol, and glucose) were produced and subjected to accelerated storage for three weeks. The elastic modulus of the samples was measured before storage and then weekly. The relative fluidity and moisture mobility of the specimens were assessed by dynamic mechanical spectrometry (DMS), electron spin resonance (ESR), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Samples were also evaluated by fluorometry and X-ray diffraction to determine the extent of browning reaction and degree of molecular ordering, respectively. While elastic modulus increased appreciably during storage, firming was progressively reduced by entrained meat content and also by plasticizers, especially glycerol; plasticized and meat-containing samples had correspondingly lower tan delta peak temperatures as measured by DMS. Textural results were also in keeping with fluidity and local viscosity as assessed by ESR measurements. NMR Tl relaxation values, reflecting moisture mobility, increased during storage. Diffraction spectra were consistent with published observations of hydrated starch, suggesting that water may have been released due to increased association of proteinaceous constituents. Fluorescence measurements confirmed moderate Maillard browning in all samples and significant chlorogenic browning in glucose-containing samples, although these effects were unrelated to degree of firming. It was concluded that textural stability was optimized by interruption of the matrix by dispersed meat or by plasticization by low molecular weight constituents. C1 USA, Natick Soldier Ctr, Soldier & Biol Chem Command, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Campbell Soup Co, Camden, NJ 08103 USA. USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Barrett, A (reprint author), USA, Natick Soldier Ctr, Soldier & Biol Chem Command, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 31 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD NOV-DEC PY 2000 VL 77 IS 6 BP 784 EP 790 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.2000.77.6.784 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 374PH UT WOS:000165353200017 ER PT J AU Rumm, PD Cummings, P Krauss, MR Bell, MA Rivara, FP AF Rumm, PD Cummings, P Krauss, MR Bell, MA Rivara, FP TI Identified spouse abuse as a risk factor for child abuse SO CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT LA English DT Article DE spouse abuse; child abuse; domestic violence; military AB Context: There are limited data on the extent to which spouse abuse in a family is a risk factor for child abuse. Objective: To estimate the subsequent relative risk of child abuse in families with a report of spouse abuse compared with other families. Design: Cohort study. Setting: Analysis of a centralized US Army database Participants: Married couples with children with at least one spouse on active duty in the US Army during 1989-95. Main Outcome Measures: The US Army Family Advocacy Program's Central Database was used to identify child and spouse abuse. The exposure was an episode of identified spouse abuse and the main outcome was a substantiated episode of subsequent child abuse. Results: During the study period of an estimated 2,019,949 person years, 14,270 incident child abuse cases were substantiated. Families with an incident case of spouse abuse identified during the study period were twice as likely to have a substantiated report of child abuse compared with other military families, rate ratio, 2.0, (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.9-2.1). Young parental age had the highest rate ratio, 4.9 (95% CI 4.5-5.3) in the subgroup analysis controlling for rank. Identified spouse abuse was associated with physical abuse of a child, rate ratio 2.4 (95% CI 2.2-2.5), and with sexual abuse of a child, rate ratio 1.5 (95% CI 1.3-1.7). Identified spouse abuse was not associated with child neglect or maltreatment, rate ratio, 1.0 (95% CI 0.9-1.1). Conclusion: An identified episode of spouse abuse in a family appears to be associated with an increased risk of subsequent child abuse and serves as an independent risk factor. Therefore, care providers should consider the potential risk to children when dealing with spouse abuse. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Harborview Injury Prevent & Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Dept Publ Hlth State Wisconsin, Div Chron Dis & Hlth Promot, Madison, WI USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Epidemiol, Washington, DC USA. RP Rivara, FP (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Harborview Injury Prevent & Res Ctr, 325 9th Ave,Box 359960, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. RI Hizukuri, Tatiana/H-6593-2016 NR 17 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0145-2134 J9 CHILD ABUSE NEGLECT JI Child Abuse Negl. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 24 IS 11 BP 1375 EP 1381 DI 10.1016/S0145-2134(00)00192-7 PG 7 WC Family Studies; Psychology, Social; Social Work SC Family Studies; Psychology; Social Work GA 375FG UT WOS:000165388400001 PM 11128171 ER PT J AU Ochoa, L Hammond, LA Rha, SY Denis, L Hidalgo, M Schwartz, G Molpus, K Roedig, B Letrent, S Damle, B DeCillis, A Rowinsky, EK AF Ochoa, L Hammond, LA Rha, SY Denis, L Hidalgo, M Schwartz, G Molpus, K Roedig, B Letrent, S Damle, B DeCillis, A Rowinsky, EK TI Once daily oral dosing of BMS-247616 (S-1) for 28 days every 5 weeks: A safety and pharmacokinetic study. SO CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Canc Therapy & Res Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Bristol Myers Squibb Co, Wallingford, CT 06492 USA. Bristol Myers Squibb Co, Lawrenceville, NJ USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI BIRMINGHAM PA PO BOX 11806, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35202 USA SN 1078-0432 J9 CLIN CANCER RES JI Clin. Cancer Res. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 6 SU S MA 429 BP 4552S EP 4552S PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 375NW UT WOS:000165409000387 ER PT J AU Tolcher, AW Kuhn, J Basler, J Ochoa, L Schwartz, G Patnaik, A Hammond, L Smetzer, L Smith, L Fingert, H Weitman, S Thompson, I Rowinsky, EK AF Tolcher, AW Kuhn, J Basler, J Ochoa, L Schwartz, G Patnaik, A Hammond, L Smetzer, L Smith, L Fingert, H Weitman, S Thompson, I Rowinsky, EK TI A phase I, pharmacokinetic and biologic correlative study of G3139 (Bcl-2 antisense oligonucleotide) and Docetaxel in patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer (HRPC). SO CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTRC, Inst Drug Dev, San Antonio, TX USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Genta Inc, Lexington, MA USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI BIRMINGHAM PA PO BOX 11806, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35202 USA SN 1078-0432 J9 CLIN CANCER RES JI Clin. Cancer Res. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 6 SU S MA 527 BP 4571S EP 4571S PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 375NW UT WOS:000165409000485 ER PT J AU Donehower, RC Schwartz, G Wolf, AC Olivo, N Burks, KL Wright, M Walling, J Rowinsky, EK AF Donehower, RC Schwartz, G Wolf, AC Olivo, N Burks, KL Wright, M Walling, J Rowinsky, EK TI Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of T138067 administered as a weekly 3-hour infusion. SO CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Canc Therapy & Res Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Johns Hopkins Oncol Ctr, Baltimore, MD USA. Tularik Inc, S San Francisco, CA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI BIRMINGHAM PA PO BOX 11806, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35202 USA SN 1078-0432 J9 CLIN CANCER RES JI Clin. Cancer Res. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 6 SU S MA 564 BP 4578S EP 4579S PG 2 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 375NW UT WOS:000165409000520 ER PT J AU Schwartz, G Rowinsky, EK O'Dwyer, P Olivo, N Wright, M Walling, J Stevenson, J AF Schwartz, G Rowinsky, EK O'Dwyer, P Olivo, N Wright, M Walling, J Stevenson, J TI Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of T138067, a synthetic microtubule depolymerizing agent, administered as a 3-hour infusion daily x 5 every 3 weeks. SO CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Canc Therapy & Res Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Tularik Inc, S San Francisco, CA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI BIRMINGHAM PA PO BOX 11806, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35202 USA SN 1078-0432 J9 CLIN CANCER RES JI Clin. Cancer Res. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 6 SU S MA 565 BP 4579S EP 4579S PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 375NW UT WOS:000165409000521 ER PT J AU Ramirez, R Hsu, D Patel, A Fenton, C Dinauer, C Tuttle, RM Francis, GL AF Ramirez, R Hsu, D Patel, A Fenton, C Dinauer, C Tuttle, RM Francis, GL TI Over-expression of hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF) and the HGF/SF receptor (cMET) are associated with a high risk of metastasis and recurrence for children and young adults with papillary thyroid carcinoma SO CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID C-MET PROTOONCOGENE; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; ONCOGENE REARRANGEMENTS; PROGNOSTIC FACTORS; POINT MUTATIONS; HIGH-FREQUENCY; ACTIVATED RAS; EARLY EVENT; CANCER; TUMORS AB OBJECTIVE The study determined if hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF) or the HGF/SF receptor (cMET) might be important for metastasis in thyroid cancer. DESIGN We examined HGF/SF and cMET expression by immunohistochemistry in a retrospective group of benign and malignant thyroid lesions from children and young adults, and correlated the intensity of expression with clinical outcome. PATIENTS Patients included 42 children and young adults with papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC), seven with follicular thyroid carcinomas (FTC), two with medullary thyroid carcinomas (MTC), 14 with benign thyroid disorders, and two with normal thyroids. MEASUREMENTS Expression of cMET was graded from 0 (absent) to 4 (intense); and HGF/SF expression was graded from 0 (absent-minimal) to 3 (diffuse and intense). RESULTS cMET staining was greater in PTC (mean intensity 2.3 +/- 0.4 vs. 0.8 +/- 0.2, P < 0.005) and FTC (2.4 +/- 0.6 vs. 0.8 +/- 0.2, P = 0.04) than benign lesions (0.8 +/- 0.2) or normal thyroids (0.4 +/- 0.5). PTC with intense cMET staining had shorter disease free survival (P = 0.05) and increased HGF/SF staining (r = 0.39, P = 0.017). HGF/SF correlated with the extent of disease at diagnosis (r = 0.33, P = 0.049). Patients with PTC were stratified into quartiles based on combined cMET and HGF/SF staining. Those with intense cMET and HGF/SF staining were younger (P = 0.05), and had reduced disease free survival (P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS We conclude that increased cMET and HGF/SF expression is associated with a high risk for metastasis and recurrence in children and young adults with papillary thyroid carcinoma. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Paediat, F Edward Herbert Sch Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Paediat, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Francis, GL (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Paediat, F Edward Herbert Sch Med, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 50 TC 59 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0300-0664 J9 CLIN ENDOCRINOL JI Clin. Endocrinol. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 53 IS 5 BP 635 EP 644 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2265.2000.01124.x PG 10 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 375LT UT WOS:000165401500014 PM 11106926 ER PT J AU Hospenthal, DR Bennett, JE AF Hospenthal, DR Bennett, JE TI Persistence of cryptococcomas on neuroimaging SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Society-of-Human-and-Animal-Mycoses World Congress CY MAY, 2000 CL BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA SP Soc Human Anim Mycoses ID CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; CNS CRYPTOCOCCOSIS; INTRACRANIAL CRYPTOCOCCOSIS; MR FINDINGS; PATHOLOGICAL CORRELATION; MASS LESIONS; CT; AIDS; MENINGOENCEPHALITIS; INVOLVEMENT AB Three previously normal patients with cryptococcal meningitis had intracranial lesions on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging that persisted for >5 years after successful cure with antifungal drugs. Persistence of lesions on neuroimaging should not be misinterpreted as evidence of active cryptococcosis. C1 NIAID, Clin Mycol Sect, Clin Invest Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Hospenthal, DR (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, MCHK DMI, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 24 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 31 IS 5 BP 1303 EP 1306 DI 10.1086/317434 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 380LY UT WOS:000165704400037 PM 11073772 ER PT J AU Bal, GK Kuo, RS Chapman, JR Henley, MB Benirschke, SK Claudi, BF AF Bal, GK Kuo, RS Chapman, JR Henley, MB Benirschke, SK Claudi, BF TI The anterior T-frame external fixator for high-energy proximal tibial fractures SO CLINICAL ORTHOPAEDICS AND RELATED RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PLATEAU AB The authors' experience using anterior T-frame external fixation combined with percutaneous internal fixation for treatment of high-energy proximal tibial fractures is reported. Thirty-six patients (38 fractures) were reviewed who were treated during a consecutive 42-month period. Three patients died and one patient had an amputation for a Type IIIC open injury, leaving 20 males and 12 females with 21 closed and 13 open fractures (two Type LT, seven Type IIIA, three Type IIIB, and one Type IIIC), The average followup was 26 months. Fractures united at a mean of 20 weeks. Ten secondary surgical procedures were planned, including seven antibiotic bead removals with autogenous bone grafting and three soft tissue coverage procedures. Nine (26%) complications were found, including one deep infection (septic arthritis) and three pin tract infections, and one each malunion, nonunion, refracture, knee stiffness requiring manipulation under anesthesia, and deep venous thrombosis. The average Knee Society score was 85 for pain and 83 for function. All patients achieved full knee extension and mean flexion was 125 degrees. The anterior T-frame external fixator with percutaneous internal fixation is a reliable method to stabilize these injuries. It is simple, inexpensive, and effective. C1 USA, Med Corp, Madigan Army Med Ctr, Ft Lewis, WA USA. Univ Washington, Harborview Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Tech Univ Munich, Dist Clin, Dachau, Germany. RP Kuo, RS (reprint author), POB 913, Sydney, NSW 2135, Australia. NR 23 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-921X J9 CLIN ORTHOP RELAT R JI Clin. Orthop. Rel. Res. PD NOV PY 2000 IS 380 BP 234 EP 240 PG 7 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 367PV UT WOS:000090071400033 PM 11064997 ER PT J AU Walters, W Gooch, W Burkins, M AF Walters, W Gooch, W Burkins, M TI The penetration resistance of a titanium alloy against jets from tantalum shaped charge liners SO COMBUSTION EXPLOSION AND SHOCK WAVES LA English DT Article AB Titanium alloys, notably Ti-6Al-4V, are known to provide high mass effectiveness against kinetic energy penetrators. However, the penetration effectiveness of titanium against shaped charge jets has not been investigated in detail. An experimental study was conducted with Ti-6Al-4V billets impacted by shaped charge jets formed from 100-mm, 42 degrees conical shaped charge liners fabricated from tantalum. This work represents the first study of hypervelocity, high-density jet penetration into titanium alloys. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Walters, W (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 5 PU CONSULTANTS BUREAU PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0010-5082 J9 COMBUST EXPLO SHOCK+ JI Combust. Explos. PD NOV-DEC PY 2000 VL 36 IS 6 BP 745 EP 750 DI 10.1023/A:1002802706197 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Materials Science GA 410NM UT WOS:000167446100007 ER PT J AU Lu, K Leonard, JW Accorsi, ML Stein, KR Benney, RJ AF Lu, K Leonard, JW Accorsi, ML Stein, KR Benney, RJ TI Pseudo-flexural elements for parachute simulation SO COMPUTERS & STRUCTURES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Computational Structures Technology/1st International Conference on Engineering Computational Technology CY AUG 18-21, 1998 CL EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND DE parachutes; computer simulation; finite element method ID FORMULATION AB This work focuses on techniques to simulate the unfolding of a parachute or parafoil during the transition from the deployment to the inflation phases. Special pseudo-flexural elements are locally patched onto the basic grid of finite elements to simulate the unfolding behavior without adding rotational degrees of freedom. These special elements are local to, and move with, the kink in a suspension line or fold-line in a membrane and stabilize the convergence properties as constrained unfolding occurs. Examples are given to validate and demonstrate capabilities of these special elements for use in simulations of parachute dynamics. (C) 2000 Civil-Comp Ltd. and Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Connecticut, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. USA, Soldier & Biol Chem Command, Soldier Syst Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Leonard, JW (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 191 Auditorium Rd,Box U37, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-7949 J9 COMPUT STRUCT JI Comput. Struct. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 78 IS 1-3 BP 257 EP 269 DI 10.1016/S0045-7949(00)00067-5 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Civil SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 356TC UT WOS:000089458100024 ER PT J AU Shorr, AF AF Shorr, AF TI Venous thromboembolism D-dimer and the intensive care unit SO CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID CRITICALLY ILL PATIENTS C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Shorr, AF (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0090-3493 J9 CRIT CARE MED JI Crit. Care Med. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 28 IS 11 BP 3773 EP 3774 DI 10.1097/00003246-200011000-00058 PG 2 WC Critical Care Medicine SC General & Internal Medicine GA 376AQ UT WOS:000165436000048 PM 11099002 ER PT J AU Flynn, JM Byrd, JC AF Flynn, JM Byrd, JC TI Campath-1H monoclonal antibody therapy SO CURRENT OPINION IN ONCOLOGY LA English DT Review ID BONE-MARROW TRANSPLANTATION; CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC-LEUKEMIA; VERSUS-HOST DISEASE; T-CELL DEPLETION; REFRACTORY RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; CYTOKINE-RELEASE SYNDROME; NON-HODGKINS-LYMPHOMAS; PHASE-II MULTICENTER; HUMAN CD52 ANTIBODY; PROLYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA AB Monoclonal antibodies are receiving ever-increasing utilization in the treatment of hematologic malignancies. Campath-1 antibodies are directed against the surface antigen CD52 that is expressed on virtually all lymphocytes and monocytes, Murine forms, Campath-1G and Campath-1M, have been utilized extensively in allogeneic bone marrow transplants in order to purge the allograft of lymphocytes. The humanized form, Campath-1H, is currently the focus of many clinical trials in hematologic malignancies and autoimmune diseases. The genetically engineered Campath-1H has been utilized in the treatment of lymphomas and lymphoid leukemias with impressive results, T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and non-Hodgkin lymphomas appear to be particularly good targets for this agent. Campath-1H may be administered intravenously or subcutaneously, Infectious complications are the most significant side effect associated with its usage, with fevers, chills, nausea, and vomiting most common. Antibiotic prophylaxis has made the infectious morbidity associated with Campath-1H more manageable. The efficacy demonstrated in clinical trials and manageable toxicities make Campath-1H an appealing agent in the treatment of hematologic malignancies. Curr Opin Oncol 2000, 11:574-581 (C) 1000 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Hematol Oncol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Johns Hopkins Oncol Ctr, Div Hematol Malignancies, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Byrd, JC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Hematol Oncol Serv, Ward 78, Washington, DC 20307 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [P01 CA81534-02] NR 75 TC 89 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1040-8746 J9 CURR OPIN ONCOL JI Curr. Opin. Oncol. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 12 IS 6 BP 574 EP 581 DI 10.1097/00001622-200011000-00010 PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 369HW UT WOS:000165060700010 PM 11085457 ER PT J AU Elston, DM AF Elston, DM TI What is your diagnosis? The diagnosis: Drug-induced pemphigus foliaceus SO CUTIS LA English DT Article ID PENICILLAMINE C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol MCHE DD, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Elston, DM (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol MCHE DD, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 650 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0011-4162 J9 CUTIS JI Cutis PD NOV PY 2000 VL 66 IS 5 BP 332 EP + PG 3 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 374NJ UT WOS:000165351000004 PM 11107515 ER PT J AU Liotta, EA Turiansky, GW Berberian, BJ Sulica, VI Tomaszewski, MM AF Liotta, EA Turiansky, GW Berberian, BJ Sulica, VI Tomaszewski, MM TI Unusual presentation of secondary syphilis in 2 HIV 1 positive patients SO CUTIS LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS-INFECTION; T-CELL LYMPHOMA; SYNDROME AIDS; MANIFESTATIONS; SARCOMA AB Due to diverse clinical and histopathological presentations, diagnosis of secondary syphilis can occasionally prove challenging.(1) This is especially true in the setting of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Variable clinical presentations of secondary syphilis in HIV disease may result in an incorrect diagnosis and an inappropriate treatment regimen.(2-10) Similarly, the histology of secondary syphilitic lesions may show considerable variation, depending on the clinical morphology of the eruption. We report 2 cases of secondary syphilis in HIV-1-infected patients with cutaneous lesions of variable clinical presentation and an unusual lymphoid infiltrate simulating mycosis fungoides. C1 Natl Naval Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dermatol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. George Washington Univ, Dept Dermatol, Washington, DC USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Dermatopathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. RP Liotta, EA (reprint author), Natl Naval Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 18 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 650 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0011-4162 J9 CUTIS JI Cutis PD NOV PY 2000 VL 66 IS 5 BP 383 EP + PG 5 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 374NJ UT WOS:000165351000016 PM 11107526 ER PT J AU Tang, M Fenton, C Poth, M AF Tang, M Fenton, C Poth, M TI Review of precocious puberty part II: Gonadotropin-independent precocious puberty SO ENDOCRINOLOGIST LA English DT Review ID MCCUNE-ALBRIGHT-SYNDROME; SEXUAL PRECOCITY; TESTOTOXICOSIS; TESTOLACTONE; THERAPY; SPIRONOLACTONE; KETOCONAZOLE; MANAGEMENT; DISORDERS; MUTATIONS AB The majority of cases of early pubertal maturation are due to premature activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. However, it is important to identify the small subset of individuals in whom the process is independent of gonadotropin secretion becuase the causes of the disorder, treatment options, and long-term implications are very different in this group of patients. After ruling out a gonadal or adrenal neoplasm and exogenous hormone exposure as causative, diagnostic possibilities include McCune Albright syndrome and familial male precocious puberty, so-called "testotoxicosis". As the process is independent of GnRH secretion, the use of GnRH analogues is not effective. All therapeutic apr preaches for these disorders involve the use of drugs that inhibit sex steroid synthesis and/or action. In some cases reassurance and monitoring may be sufficient or even preferable because none of the currently available or recommended treatment paradigms is without potential complications. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, F Edward Hebert Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Howard Univ, Sch Med, Washington, DC 20059 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Poth, M (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, F Edward Hebert Sch Med, Dept Pediat, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1051-2144 J9 ENDOCRINOLOGIST JI Endocrinologist PD NOV PY 2000 VL 10 IS 6 BP 397 EP 402 DI 10.1097/00019616-200010060-00006 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 382XM UT WOS:000165852700009 ER PT J AU Kamimori, GH Penetar, DM Headley, DB Thorne, DR Otterstetter, R Belenky, G AF Kamimori, GH Penetar, DM Headley, DB Thorne, DR Otterstetter, R Belenky, G TI Effect of three caffeine doses on plasma catecholamines and alertness during prolonged wakefulness SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE caffeine; catecholamines; sleep latency ID SLEEP-DEPRIVATION; VENTRICULAR ARRHYTHMIAS; RESPONSES; COGNITION; TENDENCY; MOOD AB Objective: Determine the relationship between caffeine, catecholamines, and alertness during prolonged wakefulness. Methods: Following 49 h of prolonged wakefulness, each of 50 healthy males (18-32 years) orally ingested either a placebo or one of three doses of caffeine, 2.1 (low), 4.3 (medium), or 8.6 mg kg(-1) body weight (high), in a randomized double-blind design. Wakefulness continued for an additional 12 h during which venous blood samples were collected for catecholamine and caffeine analysis [determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)]. A sleep latency test, the Stanford sleepiness scale, and a choice reaction time test were administered periodically during the postdosing period and served as measures of alertness (physiological, subjective, and behavioral, respectively). Results: Caffeine had no significant effect on noradrenaline, but adrenaline was significantly increased between 1h and 4h post-dosing in the high dose group compared with a placebo group. Following caffeine administration, responses to sleep latency, sleepiness scores, and reaction time scores showed dose-related changes that were exhibited by significant correlation coefficients. Conclusion: The results indicate that high doses of caffeine have a significant and beneficial effect on alertness during prolonged wakefulness. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Neuropsychiat, Dept Neurobiol & Behav, Washington, DC 20307 USA. USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA USA. RP Kamimori, GH (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Neuropsychiat, Dept Neurobiol & Behav, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 26 TC 38 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0031-6970 J9 EUR J CLIN PHARMACOL JI Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 56 IS 8 BP 537 EP 544 DI 10.1007/s002280000186 PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 381NL UT WOS:000165769400005 PM 11151742 ER PT J AU Zhong, L Granelli-Piperno, A Pope, M Ignatius, R Lewis, MG Frankel, SS Steinman, RM AF Zhong, L Granelli-Piperno, A Pope, M Ignatius, R Lewis, MG Frankel, SS Steinman, RM TI Presentation of SIVgag to monkey T cells using dendritic cells transfected with a recombinant adenovirus SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE simian immunodeficiency virus; dendritic cell; recombinant adenovirus; T cell immunity ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS-INFECTION; THERAPEUTIC ANTITUMOR IMMUNITY; LYMPHOCYTE ACTIVITY; VACCINIA VIRUS; HIV ENVELOPE; RESPONSES; VIREMIA; GENERATION; VECTOR; PROTEIN AB To pursue the capacity of monkey dendritic cells (DC) to be modified by adenoviral vectors and present the encoded antigens, we generated DC from blood monocytes and infected them with recombinant adenoviruses encoding GFP reporter and SIVgag or nef genes. Recombinant, E1 - and E3-deleted, adenoviruses could transfect immature DC to >90% efficiency. When differentiated in the presence of a maturation stimulus, the infected cells were identical to control uninfected DC in surface markers and potent stimulatory activity for the mixed leukocyte reaction. Recombinant adeno-SIVgag was comparable to vaccinia-gag in stimulating IFN-gamma -secreting CD8(+) T cells from PBMC of macaques vaccinated with SIVmax239 Delta nef and challenged with pathogenic SIV or chimeric SIV/HIV. Small numbers of adeno-SIVgag-infected DC were sufficient to trigger specific ELISPOT responses by CD8(+) T cells from these animals. Some CD4(+) IFN-gamma -secreting cells were also found in the three of eight vaccinated animals with the highest CD8(+) responses. T cells from control animals did not respond to DC transfected with adeno-gag. Therefore recombinant adenoviruses efficiently transfect monkey DC in a nonperturbing fashion, and these DC efficiently present antigens to SIVgag immune CD8(+) T cells. These findings will allow autologous DC, expressing SIV genes with high efficiency, to be tested in vivo to achieve strong specific T cell immunity. C1 Rockefeller Univ, Cellular Physiol & Immunol Lab, New York, NY 10021 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Retrovirol, Combined US Mil HIV Res Program, Rockville, MD USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Infect & Parasit Dis Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. RP Steinman, RM (reprint author), Rockefeller Univ, Cellular Physiol & Immunol Lab, 1230 York Ave, New York, NY 10021 USA. RI Steinman, Ralph/F-7729-2012 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI42129-02] NR 37 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0014-2980 J9 EUR J IMMUNOL JI Eur. J. Immunol. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 30 IS 11 BP 3281 EP 3290 DI 10.1002/1521-4141(200011)30:11<3281::AID-IMMU3281>3.0.CO;2-4 PG 10 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 372UU UT WOS:000165253100025 PM 11093144 ER PT J AU Chung, PW Tamma, KK Namburu, RR AF Chung, PW Tamma, KK Namburu, RR TI A finite element thermo-viscoelastic creep approach for heterogeneous structures with dissipative correctors SO FINITE ELEMENTS IN ANALYSIS AND DESIGN LA English DT Article DE viscoelasticity; homogenization; creep; heterogeneous materials; composites; finite element methods; multiscale ID HOMOGENIZATION METHOD; COMPOSITE-MATERIALS AB A finite element approach is presented for three-dimensional thermo-viscoelastic macro analysis of polymer-matrix composite structures containing micro-level heterogeneities, a two-scale approach. Due to its ability to account for microstructural details, the asymptotic expansion homogenization approach is employed to first, obtain the homogenized properties for use in the macroscale problem, and second, to study the local micro-level stress distributions influenced by macro effects. The theoretical formulations are described and developed for a thermoviscoelastic solid whose time-dependent stress-strain relationship can be homogenized. Arising from homogenization of the constitutive equation in the time domain is a hereditary dissipative corrector term. The dissipative corrector is time-dependent and accounts for heterogeneous behavior across the junction of dissimilar materials at the microstructural level. The additional term is necessary for the governing constitutive equations to satisfy equilibrium at both length scales. The objectives of this paper are three-fold: (1) develop the micro and macro constitutive equations for a thermoviscoelastic Kelvin-Voight material; (2) develop a computational approach for the constitutive equations; and (3) demonstrate and verify illustrative applications using results from the theoretical developments in the literature wherever available for a viscoelastic homogeneous/heterogeneous material. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Minnesota, Inst Technol, Dept Mech Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Tamma, KK (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Inst Technol, Dept Mech Engn, 111 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-874X J9 FINITE ELEM ANAL DES JI Finite Elem. Anal. Des. PD NOV 1 PY 2000 VL 36 IS 3-4 BP 279 EP 313 DI 10.1016/S0168-874X(00)00037-8 PG 35 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mechanics SC Mathematics; Mechanics GA 361XE UT WOS:000089748900006 ER PT J AU Scott, L Alvero, R Leondires, M Miller, B AF Scott, L Alvero, R Leondires, M Miller, B TI The morphology of human pronuclear embryos is positively related to blastocyst development and implantation SO HUMAN REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article DE blastocyst; nucleoli; pronuclear morphology; zygote scoring ID IN-VITRO FERTILIZATION; MATURE HUMAN OOCYTES; PREIMPLANTATION DEVELOPMENT; CHROMOSOME-ABNORMALITIES; INVITRO FERTILIZATION; OVARIAN STIMULATION; MEIOTIC MATURATION; ANTRAL FOLLICLES; RNA-SYNTHESIS; GROWTH AB Human embryos are selected for transfer using morphology at the cleaving and blastocyst stages. Zygote morphology has been related to implantation and pregnancy. The aim of this study was to relate pronuclear morphology to blastocyst development. Zygotes were scored according to distribution and size of nucleoli within each nucleus. Zygotes displaying equality between the nuclei had 49.5% blastocyst formation and those with unequal sizes, numbers or distribution of nucleoli had 28% blastocyst formation. Cleaving embryos that were selected initially by zygote morphology and secondarily by morphology on day 3 had increased inplantation CLR and pregnancy rates (PR; 31 and 57%), compared with those selected by morphology alone (19 and 33% respectively; P < 0.01). There was a significant difference between zygote-scored and non-scored cycles on day 3 (PR: 57 versus 33%; IR: 31 versus 19%) and on day 5 (PR: 73 versus 58%; IR; 52 versus 39%). Zygote scoring can maintain pregnancy rates for both day 3 and day 5 transfers, increase implantation rates and reduce the numbers of embryos required to achieve a pregnancy. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, ART Inst Inc, Washington, DC 20012 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynaecol, Div Reprod Endocrinol, Washington, DC 20012 USA. Natl Naval Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynaecol, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Scott, L (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, ART Inst Inc, POB 59727, Washington, DC 20012 USA. NR 40 TC 239 Z9 258 U1 2 U2 11 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0268-1161 J9 HUM REPROD JI Hum. Reprod. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 15 IS 11 BP 2394 EP 2403 DI 10.1093/humrep/15.11.2394 PG 10 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 372DC UT WOS:000165218200027 PM 11056141 ER PT J AU Kargel, JS Kaye, JZ Head, JW Marion, GM Sassen, R Crowley, JK Prieto Ballesteros, O Grant, SA Hogenboom, DL AF Kargel, JS Kaye, JZ Head, JW Marion, GM Sassen, R Crowley, JK Prieto Ballesteros, O Grant, SA Hogenboom, DL TI Europa's crust and ocean: Origin, composition, and the prospects for life SO ICARUS LA English DT Review DE Europa; ocean, Europa; cryovolcanism, Europa; spectroscopy, Europa; Europa, prebiotic chemistry ID MEXICO CONTINENTAL-SLOPE; IO PLASMA TORUS; INFRARED MAPPING SPECTROMETER; ANHYDRITE-BEARING PUMICES; PLAYA EVAPORITE MINERALS; SUBGLACIAL LAKE VOSTOK; CONAMARA CHAOS REGION; EL-CHICHON VOLCANO; CARBONACEOUS CHONDRITES; GALILEAN SATELLITES AB We have considered a wide array of scenarios for Europa's chemical evolution in an attempt to explain the presence of ice and hydrated materials on its surface and to understand the physical and chemical nature of any ocean that may lie below, We postulate that, following formation of the jovian system, the europan evolutionary sequence has as its major links: (a) initial carbonaceous chondrite rock, (b) global primordial aqueous differentiation and formation of an impure primordial hydrous crust, (c) brine evolution and intracrustal differentiation, (d) degassing of Europa's mantle and gas venting, (e) hydrothermal processes, and (f) chemical surface alteration, Our models were developed in the context of constraints provided by Galileo imaging, near infrared reflectance spectroscopy, and gravity and magnetometer data. Low-temperature aqueous differentiation from a carbonaceous CI or CM chondrite precursor, without further chemical processing, would result in a crust/ocean enriched in magnesium sulfate and sodium sulfate, consistent with Galileo spectroscopy. Within the bounds of this simple model, a wide range of possible layered structures may result; the final state depends on the details of intracrustal differentiation. Devolatilization of the rocky mantle and hydrothermal brine reactions could have produced very different ocean/crust compositions, e,g,, an ocean/crust of sodium carbonate or sulfuric acid, or a crust containing abundant clathrate hydrates, Realistic chemical-physical evolution scenarios differ greatly in detailed predictions, but they generally call for a highly impure and chemically layered crust.. Some of these models could lead also to lateral chemical hetero geneities by diapiric upwellings and/or cryovolcanism. We describe some plausible geological consequences of the physical-chemical structures predicted from these scenarios. These predicted consequences and observed aspects of Europa's geology may serve as a basis for further analysis and discrimination among several alternative scenarios. Most chemical pathways could support viable ecosystems based on analogy with the metabolic and physiological versatility of terrestrial microorganisms. C1 US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Earth & Ecosyst Sci, Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89512 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Geochem & Environm Res Grp, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Univ San Pablo, CEU, Fac CC, Dept Quim Inorgan & Mat, Madrid 28668, Spain. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Lafayette Coll, Dept Phys, Easton, PA 18042 USA. RP Kargel, JS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 2255 N Gemini Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. NR 308 TC 218 Z9 224 U1 24 U2 119 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD NOV PY 2000 VL 148 IS 1 BP 226 EP 265 DI 10.1006/icar.2000.6471 PG 40 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 375UV UT WOS:000165420400019 ER PT J AU Ifarraguerri, A Chang, CI AF Ifarraguerri, A Chang, CI TI Unsupervised hyperspectral image analysis with projection pursuit SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE HYDICE; hyperspectral image; principal components analysis; projection pursuit (PP); SEBASS ID INTERFERENCE AB Principal components analysis (PCA) is effective at compressing information in multivariate data sets by computing orthogonal projections that maximize the amount of data variance. Unfortunately, information content in hyperspectral images does not always coincide with such projections, We propose an application of projection pursuit (PP), which seeks to find a set of projections that are "interesting," in the sense that they deviate from the Gaussian distribution assumption. Once these projections are obtained, they can be used for image compression, segmentation, or enhancement for visual analysis, To find these projections, a two-step iterative process is followed where we first search for a projection that maximizes a projection index based on the information divergence of the projection's estimated probability distribution from the Gaussian distribution and then reduce the rank by projecting the data onto the subspace orthogonal to the previous projections, To calculate each projection, we use a simplified approach to maximizing the projection index, which does not require an optimization algorithm, it searches for a solution by obtaining a set of candidate projections from the data and choosing the one with the highest projection index. The effectiveness of this method is demonstrated through simulated examples as well as data from the hyperspectral digital imagery collection experiment (HYDICE) and the spatially enhanced broadband array spectrograph system (SEBASS). C1 USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Biol & Chem Command, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Comp Sci & Elect Engn, Remote Sensing Signal & Image Proc Lab, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. RP Ifarraguerri, A (reprint author), USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Biol & Chem Command, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 18 TC 94 Z9 107 U1 3 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD NOV PY 2000 VL 38 IS 6 BP 2529 EP 2538 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 377AQ UT WOS:000165490100008 ER PT J AU Watkins, WR AF Watkins, WR TI Multispectral image processing: The nature factor SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PATTERN RECOGNITION AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Multispectral Image Processing and Pattern Recognition CY OCT 21-23, 1998 CL WUHAN, PEOPLES R CHINA SP SPIE, Int Soc Opt Engn, Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, Univ Bordeaux 3, Natl Univ Def Technol, Wuhan Tech Univ Surveying & Mapping DE image processing; human vision; depth perception; wide baseline stereo; target acquisition; navigation; optical turbulence ID PERCEPTION; CONTRAST; VISION AB The images processed by our brain represent our window into the world. For some animals this window is derived from a single eye, for others, including humans, two eyes provide stereo imagery, for others like the black widow spider several eyes are used (8 eyes), and some insects like the common housefly utilize thousands of eyes (ommatidia). Still other animals like the bat and dolphin have eyes for regular vision, but employ acoustic sonar vision for seeing when their regular eyes do not work such as in pitch black caves or turbid water. Of course, other animals have adapted to dark environments by bringing along their own lighting such as the firefly and several creatures from the depths of the ocean floor. Animal vision is truly varied and has developed over millennia in many remarkable ways. We have learned a lot about vision processes by studying these animal systems and can still learn even more. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL SL EA, White Sands Missile Rang, NM 88002 USA. RP Watkins, WR (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL SL EA, White Sands Missile Rang, NM 88002 USA. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0218-0014 J9 INT J PATTERN RECOGN JI Int. J. Pattern Recognit. Artif. Intell. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 14 IS 7 BP 895 EP 906 DI 10.1142/S021800140000057X PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA 387VG UT WOS:000166142100004 ER PT J AU Punareewattana, K Smith, BJ Blaylock, BL Robertson, JL Gogal, RM Prater, MR Longstreth, J Snodgrass, HL Holladay, SD AF Punareewattana, K Smith, BJ Blaylock, BL Robertson, JL Gogal, RM Prater, MR Longstreth, J Snodgrass, HL Holladay, SD TI Topical permethrin exposure causes thymic atrophy and persistent inhibition of the contact hypersensitivity response in C57Bl/6 mice SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE contact; hypersensitivity; immune suppression; immunotoxicity; permethrin ID GULF-WAR VETERANS; PERCUTANEOUS-ABSORPTION; PYRETHROID INSECTICIDES; DERMAL PENETRATION; IMMUNE; LICE AB Permethrin was applied to the shaved dorsal interscapular region of female C57Bl/6 mice at doses of 0.5 or 1.5 mul/day in corn oil and neat 5.0 mul/day. These doses corresponded to approximately 22, 66, and 220 mg/kg/day topical permethrin, Mice were exposed in this manner either daily for 10 or 30 consecutive days, or every other day for 7 or 14 exposures. Body weight was not affected by any of the treatment regimens. However, thymic weight was decreased and splenic weight was increased by 1.5 or 5.0 mul permethrin/day, 2 days after termination of 10 consecutive days of topical chemical exposure. Cell surface antigen expression did not change in any treatment group on thymocytes (CD4, CD8), splenocytes (CD45R, Thy 1.2), or bone marrow cells (CD45, CD45R). A persistent, dose-related inhibition of the contact hypersensitivity (CH) response occurred in mice at all exposure levels of permethrin tested. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Dept Biomed Sci & Pathobiol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Univ Louisiana, Coll Pharm & Hlth Sci, Monroe, LA USA. Inst Global Risk Res LLC, Bethesda, MD USA. USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Hlth Effects Res Program, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Holladay, SD (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Dept Biomed Sci & Pathobiol, Phase 2,Southgate Dr, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND SN 1091-5818 J9 INT J TOXICOL JI Int. J. Toxicol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2000 VL 19 IS 6 BP 383 EP 389 PG 7 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 390GD UT WOS:000166286600002 ER PT J AU Leblanc, JE Nusca, M Wang, X Seiler, F Sugihara, M Fujiwara, T AF Leblanc, JE Nusca, M Wang, X Seiler, F Sugihara, M Fujiwara, T TI Numerical simulation of the RAMAC Benchmark test SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Workshop on Ram Accelerators (RAMAC IV) CY SEP, 1999 CL LAB COMBUST DETON, POITIERS, FRANCE HO LAB COMBUST DETON ID COMBUSTION; CHEMISTRY; FLOWS AB Numerical simulations of the same ramac geometry and boundary conditions by different numerical and physical models highlight the variety of solutions possible and the strong effect of the chemical kinetics model on the solution. The benchmark test was defined and announced within the community of ramac researchers. Three laboratories undertook the project. The numerical simulations include Navier-Stokes and Euler simulations with various levels of physical models and equations of state. The non-reactive part of the simulation produced similar steady state results in the three simulations. The chemically reactive part of the simulation produced widely different outcomes. The original experimental data and experimental conditions are presented. A description of each computer code and the resulting flowfield is included. A comparison between codes and results is achieved. The most critical choice for the simulation was the chemical kinetics model. C1 Nagoya Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4648603, Japan. USA, Ballist Res Lab, Ballist & Weapons Concepts Div, AMSRL,WM,BE, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. Nanyang Technol Univ, Sch Mech & Prod Engn, Ctr Adv Numer Engn Simulat, Singapore 639798, Singapore. ISL, French German Inst St Louis, F-68301 St Louis, France. RP Leblanc, JE (reprint author), Nagoya Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4648603, Japan. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD NOV PY 2000 VL 10 IS P11 BP 119 EP 130 DI 10.1051/jp4:20001113 PG 12 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 400RG UT WOS:000166885000014 ER PT J AU Sagripanti, JL Bonifacino, A AF Sagripanti, JL Bonifacino, A TI Resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to liquid disinfectants on contaminated surfaces before formation of biofilms SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL GERMICIDES; OUTBREAK; SPORES AB A comparison was made of the effectiveness of popular disinfectants (Cavicide, Cidexplus, Clorox, Exspor, Lysol, Renalin, and Wavicide) under conditions prescribed for disinfection in the respective product labels on Pseudomonas aeruginosa either in suspension or deposited onto surfaces of metallic or polymeric plastic devices. The testing also included 7 nonformulated germicidal agents (glutaraldehyde, formaldehyde, peracetic acid, hydrogen peroxide, sodium hypochlorite, phenol, and cupric ascorbate) commonly used in disinfection and decontamination. Results showed that P. aeruginosa is on average 300-fold more resistant when present on contaminated surfaces than in suspension. This increase in resistance agrees with results reported in studies of biofilms, but unexpectedly, it precedes biofilm formation. The surface to which bacteria are attached can influence the effectiveness of disinfectants. Viable bacteria attached to devices may require dislodging through more than a one-step method for detection. The data, obtained with a sensitive and quantitative test, suggest that disinfectants are less effective on contaminated surfaces than generally acknowledged. C1 US FDA, Ctr Devices & Radiol Hlth, Off Sci & Technol, Div Life Sci,Mol Biol Branch HF2 113, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. RP Sagripanti, JL (reprint author), USA, SBCCOM, AMSSB, RRT, 5183 Blackhawk Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 29 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 10 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD NOV-DEC PY 2000 VL 83 IS 6 BP 1415 EP 1422 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 379BF UT WOS:000165620500018 PM 11128146 ER PT J AU Convertino, VA Luetkemeier, MJ Elliott, JJ Ludwig, DA Wade, CE AF Convertino, VA Luetkemeier, MJ Elliott, JJ Ludwig, DA Wade, CE TI Renal responsiveness to aldosterone during exposure to simulated microgravity SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bed rest; natriuresis; renal function; plasma renin activity; antidiuretic hormone; atrial natriuretic peptide ID SPACE-FLIGHT; ENDOCRINE; RESPONSES; VOLUME; HUMANS AB We measured renal functions and hormones associated with fluid regulation after a bolus injection of aldosterone (Ald) during head-down tilt (HDT) bed rest to test the hypothesis that exposure to simulated microgravity altered renal responsiveness to Aid. Six male rhesus monkeys underwent two experimental conditions (HDT and control, 72 h each) with each condition separated by 9 days of ambulatory activities to produce a crossover counterbalance design. One test condition was continuous exposure to 10 degrees HDT; the second was a control, defined as 16 h per day of 80 degrees head-up tilt and 8 h prone. After 72 h of exposure to either test condition, monkeys were moved to the prone position, and we measured the following parameters for 4 h after injection of l-mg dose of Ald: urine volume rate (UVR); renal Na+/K+ excretion ratio; renal clearances of creatinine, Na+, osmolality, and free water; and circulating hormones [Ald, renin activity (PRA), vasopressin (AVP), and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)I. HDT increased Na+ clearance, total renal Na+ excretion, urine Na+ concentration, and fractional Na+ excretion, compared with the control condition, but did not alter plasma concentrations of Aid, PRA, and AVP. Administration of Ald did not alter UVR, creatinine clearance, Aid, PRA, AVP, or ANP but reduced Na+ clearance, total renal Na+ excretion, urinary Na+/K+ ratio, and osmotic clearance. Although reductions in Na+ clearance and excretion due to Aid were greater during HDT than during control, the differential (i.e., interaction) effect was minimal between experimental conditions. Our data suggest that exposure to microgravity increases renal excretion of Na+ by a natriuretic mechanism other than a change in renal responsiveness to Aid. C1 USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Exercise Sci, Salt Lake City, UT 84103 USA. USA, Med Dept & Sch, Dept Vet Med, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Math Sci, Greensboro, NC 27412 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Life Sci, Moffett Field, CA 95070 USA. RP Convertino, VA (reprint author), USA, Inst Surg Res, 3400 Rawley E Chambers Ave,Bldg 3611, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 22 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 8750-7587 J9 J APPL PHYSIOL JI J. Appl. Physiol. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 89 IS 5 BP 1737 EP 1743 PG 7 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA 369FH UT WOS:000165054900008 PM 11053320 ER PT J AU Yochelson, MR David, RG AF Yochelson, MR David, RG TI New-onset tic disorder following acute hemorrhage of an arteriovenous malformation SO JOURNAL OF CHILD NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Child-Neurology-Society CY OCT 21-25, 1998 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Child Neurol Soc ID TRAUMA AB The etiology of tic disorder includes idiopathic, postencephalitic, head injury, carbon monoxide poisoning, stroke, and developmental syndromes. We report a case of new-onset complex motor and vocal tics that began after hemorrhage of an arteriovenous malformation located in the left frontal lobe. We have found no reported cases of new-onset tics related to arteriovenous malformations or hemorrhage into the frontal lobes. The patient is a 16-year-old right-hand-dominant boy who presented with generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Evaluation, including magnetic resonance imaging, revealed a left frontal arteriovenous malformation, confirmed by angiogram. Following resection, there was an intraparenchymal hemorrhage of the left frontal lobe with intraventricular hemorrhage, noted most prominently in the left lateral and IIIrd ventricles, and a subdural hematoma caudal to the craniotomy. The postoperative course was complicated by hemiparesis and global aphasia. During recovery, the patient developed what was thought to be a complex partial seizure evidenced by head turning to the right with vocalization and left upper extremity clonic jerks. These were brief and occurred multiple times per day. A trial of carbamazepine was given with no improvement. It was noted that the spells occurred more frequently under stress, as when the patient was frustrated with communication. The diagnosis was changed to complex motor tics and the therapy changed to clonidine. The tics subsequently improved by 80%, although they were still present. We believe the development of complex motor tics due to frontal hemorrhage represents a unique etiology and could complicate postsurgical recovery in similar cases. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Clin 3J, Dept Child & Adolescent Neurol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Yochelson, MR (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Clin 3J, Dept Child & Adolescent Neurol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU B C DECKER INC PI HAMILTON PA 20 HUGHSON ST SOUTH, PO BOX 620, L C D 1, HAMILTON, ONTARIO L8N 3K7, CANADA SN 0883-0738 J9 J CHILD NEUROL JI J. Child Neurol. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 15 IS 11 BP 769 EP 771 DI 10.1177/088307380001501114 PG 3 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA 473DP UT WOS:000171025000014 PM 11108516 ER PT J AU Karbhari, VM Rivera, J Dutta, PK AF Karbhari, V. M. Rivera, J. Dutta, P. K. TI EFFECT OF SHORT-TERM FREEZE-THAW CYCLING ON COMPOSITE CONFINED CONCRETE SO JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES FOR CONSTRUCTION LA English DT Article AB Concrete cylinders jacketed with glass and carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites were exposed to 201 freeze-thaw cycles, and results of compression response were compared with results from similar specimens kept at 22.5 degrees C. Beyond the effect on the concrete itself, freeze-thaw exposure has a significant effect on the composite in terms of both performance and failure modes. Wrapped specimens tested after exposure to freeze-thaw cycling show changes in strength and stiffness and more catastrophic failure modes than similar specimens kept at 22.5 degrees C. Effects of the exposure on the FRP composite and its constituents, as well as interaction effects resulting from FRP composite-concrete bond are elucidated and failure mechanisms are detailed. It is shown that the damage mechanisms seen are those that would increase absorption of water in cases where aqueous solutions may be present. Implications on overall use are discussed. C1 [Karbhari, V. M.; Rivera, J.] Univ Calif San Diego, Div Struct Engrg, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Dutta, P. K.] USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Karbhari, VM (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Div Struct Engrg, MC-0085, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. FU Powell Foundation FX The support of the Powell Foundation to the first writer through a Powell Faculty Fellowship is gratefully acknowledged. NR 25 TC 31 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 7 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1090-0268 J9 J COMPOS CONSTR JI J. Compos. Constr. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 4 IS 4 BP 191 EP 197 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2000)4:4(191) PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil; Mechanics; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Mechanics; Materials Science GA V28AE UT WOS:000208652900004 ER PT J AU Elston, DT AF Elston, DT TI Cellophane coverslips SO JOURNAL OF CUTANEOUS PATHOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Elston, DT (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0303-6987 J9 J CUTAN PATHOL JI J. Cutan. Pathol. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 27 IS 10 BP 535 EP 535 PG 1 WC Dermatology; Pathology SC Dermatology; Pathology GA 371MB UT WOS:000165181800008 PM 11100814 ER PT J AU Handy, EM Rao, MV Holland, OW Chi, PH Jones, KA Derenge, MA Vispute, RD Venkatesan, T AF Handy, EM Rao, MV Holland, OW Chi, PH Jones, KA Derenge, MA Vispute, RD Venkatesan, T TI Al, B, and Ga ion-implantation doping of SiC SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE SiC; ion implantation; (Al,B,Ga implants); AlN encapsulant ID SILICON-CARBIDE; ALUMINUM IMPLANTATION; NITROGEN; BORON; ACTIVATION; PHOSPHORUS; PROFILES; DAMAGE; LAYERS; LASER AB A series of single energy Al, B, and Ga ion implants were performed in the energy range 50 keV to 4 MeV into 6H-SiC to characterize the implant depth profiles using secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). From the implant depth profiles empirical formulae were developed to model the range statistics as functions of ion energy. Multiple energy implants were performed into 6H- and 4H-SiC and annealed with both AlN and graphite encapsulants to determine the ability of the encapsulants to protect the implants from out-diffusion and redistribution. Al and Ga were thermally stable, but B out-diffused even with AlN or graphite encapsulation. Electrical activation was determined by Hall and capacitance-voltage measurements. An acceptor substitutional concentration of 7 x 10(16) cm(-3) was achieved for 1 x 10(17) cm(3) Al implantation. C1 George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. USA, Res Lab, SEDD, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Handy, EM (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RI Venkatesan, Thirumalai/E-1667-2013 NR 34 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 14 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 29 IS 11 BP 1340 EP 1345 DI 10.1007/s11664-000-0135-z PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 370AC UT WOS:000165099100008 ER PT J AU Sidow, SJ West, LA Liewehr, FR Loushine, RJ AF Sidow, SJ West, LA Liewehr, FR Loushine, RJ TI Root canal morphology of human maxillary and mandibular third molars SO JOURNAL OF ENDODONTICS LA English DT Article ID TEETH AB The anatomy of third molars has been described as unpredictable. However restorative, prosthetic, and orthodontic considerations often require endodontic treatment of third molars in order for them to be retained as functional components of the dental arch. The purpose of this study was to investigate and characterize the anatomy of maxillary and mandibular third molars. One hundred fifty maxillary and 150 mandibular extracted third molars were vacuum-injected with dye, decalcified, and made transparent. The anatomy of the root canal system was then recorded. Seventeen percent of mandibular molars had one root (40% of which contained two canals), 77% had two roots, 5% had three roots, and 1% had four roots. Teeth with two roots exhibited highly variable canal morphology, containing from one to six canals, including 2.2% that were "C-shaped" Fifteen percent of maxillary molars had one root, 32% had two roots, 45% had three roots, and 7% had four roots. Teeth with one root demonstrated the most unusual morphology, with the number of canals varying from one to six. An in vivo study of the canal morphology of treated third molars is suggested to provide the practitioner with an understanding of the clinical implications of third molar root anatomy. C1 USA, DENTAC, Endodont Residency Program, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. RP West, LA (reprint author), USA, DENTAC, Endodont Residency Program, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. NR 13 TC 26 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0099-2399 J9 J ENDODONT JI J. Endod. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 26 IS 11 BP 675 EP 678 DI 10.1097/00004770-200011000-00011 PG 4 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 369FB UT WOS:000165054400011 PM 11469300 ER PT J AU Walsh, MR Walsh, ME Collins, CM AF Walsh, MR Walsh, ME Collins, CM TI Method for attenuation of white phosphorus contamination in wetlands SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID SALT-MARSH; PREDATORS; SEDIMENTS; DUCKS; RISK; P-4 AB White phosphorus, a manufactured form of elemental phosphorus, is both toxic and persistent in saturated environments. This form of phosphorus (P-4) is used by militaries worldwide as a component for obscurants, tracer rounds, and incendiary munitions. At Eagle River Flats, an estuarine salt marsh located on Fort Richardson, Alaska, white phosphorus has been directly linked through carcass analysis to the deaths of thousands of dabbling waterfowl. Particulate residue from ordnance contaminates the permanently ponded areas of Eagle River Flats, where the waterfowl sieve the soft bottom sediments for food items, picking up P-4 particles in the process. Death follows within hours. Large-scale investigations into the nature, extent, and persistence of the contaminant were initiated in 1989, followed 4 years later by work on the testing and analysis of remediation methods. In 1997, a method for in situ remediation of the contaminant through low-impact pumping and draining of ponded areas to enhance natural attenuation of white phosphorus was tested. Results indicate that pond pumping is a very effective remediation technique. C1 USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Cold Reg Res & Engn lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Fairbanks, AK 99703 USA. RP Walsh, MR (reprint author), USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Cold Reg Res & Engn lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD NOV PY 2000 VL 126 IS 11 BP 1013 EP 1018 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 367HB UT WOS:000090054700006 ER PT J AU Shearer, AEH Dunne, CP Sikes, A Hoover, DG AF Shearer, AEH Dunne, CP Sikes, A Hoover, DG TI Bacterial spore inhibition and inactivation in foods by pressure, chemical preservatives, and mild heat SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID HIGH HYDROSTATIC-PRESSURE; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; SENSITIVITY; MONOLAURIN; ACIDS AB Sucrose laurates, sucrose palmitate, sucrose stearates, and monolaurin (Lauricidin) were evaluated for inhibitory effects against spores of Bacillus sp., Clostridium sporogenes PA3679, and Alicyclobacillus sp. in a model agar system. The combined treatment of sucrose laurate, high hydrostatic pressure, and mild heat was evaluated on spores of Bacillus and Alicyclobacillus in foods. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of the sucrose esters were higher than that of Lauricidin for all spores tested in the model agar system, but Lauricidin was not the most readily suspended in the test media. The sucrose laurates and sucrose palmitate were more effective and more readily suspended than the sucrose stearates. A combined treatment of sucrose laurate (less than or equal to1.0%), 392 megaPascals (MPa) at 45 degreesC for 10 to 15 min provided 3- to 5.5-log(10) CFU/ml reductions from initial populations of 10(6) CFU/ml for Bacillus subtilis 168 in milk, Bacillus cereus 14579 in beef, Bacillus coagulans 7050 in tomato juice (pH 4.5), Alicyclobacillus sp. N1089 in tomato juice (pH 4.5), and Alicyclobacillus sp. N1098 in apple juice. The most notable change in the appearance of the products was temporary foaming during mixing of the sucrose laurate in the foods. The effect of sucrose laurate appeared to be inhibitory rather than lethal to the spores. The inhibitory effects observed on Bacillus and Alicyclobacillus spores by the combined treatment of pressure, mild heat, and sucrose laurate appear promising for food applications where alternatives to high heat processing are desired. C1 Univ Delaware, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Newark, DE 19717 USA. USA, Natick Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Hoover, DG (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Newark, DE 19717 USA. EM dgh@udel.edu NR 27 TC 58 Z9 61 U1 2 U2 15 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 63 IS 11 BP 1503 EP 1510 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 370QJ UT WOS:000165133500007 PM 11079691 ER PT J AU Matyas, GR Wassef, NM Rao, M Alving, CR AF Matyas, GR Wassef, NM Rao, M Alving, CR TI Induction and detection of antibodies to squalene SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE squalene; antibody detection; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; polyvinyldiene fluoride membranes; monoclonal antibodies ID ANTI-CHOLESTEROL ANTIBODIES; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; LIPID-A; LIPOSOMES; PHOSPHATE; PHOSPHOCHOLINE; LIPOPROTEINS; MEMBRANES AB An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) utilizing antigen coated on hydrophobic polyvinyldiene fluoride (PVDF) membranes is described for detecting antibodies that bind to squalene (SQE). Because of the prior lack of availability of validated antibodies to SQE, positive controls for the assay were made by immunization with formulations containing SQE to create monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that reacted with SQE. Among eight immunogens tested, only two induced detectable murine antibodies to SQE: liposomes containing dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine, dimyristoyl phosphatidylglycerol, 71% SQE, and lipid A [L(71% SQE+LA)], and, to a much lesser extent, an oil-in-water emulsion containing SQE, Tween 80, Span 85, and lipid A. In each case, lipid A served as an adjuvant, but neither SQE alone, SQE mixed with lipid A, liposomes containing 43% SQE and lipid A, nor several other emulsions containing both SQE and lipid A, induced antibodies that reacted with SQE. Monoclonal antibodies produced after immunizing mice with [L(71% SQE+LA)] served as positive controls for developing the ELISA. Monoclonal antibodies were produced that either recognized SQE alone but did not recognize squalane (SQA, the hydrogenated form of SQE), or that recognized both SQE and SQA. As found previously with other liposomal lipid antigens, liposomes containing lipid A also induced antibodies that reacted with the liposomal phospholipids. However, mAbs were also identified that reacted with SQE on PVDF membranes, but did not recognize either SQA or liposomal phospholipid. The polyclonal antiserum produced by immunizing mice with [L(71% SQE+LA)] therefore contained a mixed population of antibody specificities and, as expected, the ELISA of polyclonal antiserum with PVDF membranes detected antibodies both to SQE and SQA. We conclude that SQE is a weak antigen, but that antibodies that specifically bind to SQE can be readily induced by immunization with [L(71% SQE+LA)] and detected by ELISA with PVDF membranes coated with SQE. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science BN. All rights reserved. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Membrane Biochem, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Matyas, GR (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Membrane Biochem, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. OI Matyas, Gary/0000-0002-2074-2373 NR 26 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1759 J9 J IMMUNOL METHODS JI J. Immunol. Methods PD NOV 1 PY 2000 VL 245 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 14 DI 10.1016/S0022-1759(00)00268-4 PG 14 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology GA 368FY UT WOS:000090108100001 PM 11042279 ER PT J AU Vicenzi, E Ghezzi, S Brambilla, A Sheppard, HW Lazzarin, A Poli, G Michael, NL AF Vicenzi, E Ghezzi, S Brambilla, A Sheppard, HW Lazzarin, A Poli, G Michael, NL TI CCR2-641 polymorphism, syncytium-inducing human immunodeficiency virus strains, and disease progression SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID TYPE-1 INFECTION; CCR5; HIV-1 C1 San Raffaele Sci Inst, AIDS Immunopathogenesis Unit, I-20132 Milan, Italy. San Raffaele Sci Inst, Div Infect Dis, I-20132 Milan, Italy. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Retrovirol, Dept Mol Diagnost & Pathogenesis, Rockville, MD USA. RP Vicenzi, E (reprint author), P2 P3 Labs, Via Olgettina 58, I-20132 Milan, Italy. OI Vicenzi, Elisa/0000-0003-0051-3968 NR 10 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 182 IS 5 BP 1579 EP 1580 DI 10.1086/315880 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 368FA UT WOS:000090106000050 PM 11023492 ER PT J AU Turell, MJ Jones, JW Sardelis, MR Dohm, DJ Coleman, RE Watts, DM Fernandez, R Calampa, C Klein, TA AF Turell, MJ Jones, JW Sardelis, MR Dohm, DJ Coleman, RE Watts, DM Fernandez, R Calampa, C Klein, TA TI Vector competence of peruvian mosquitoes (Diptera : culicidae) for epizootic and enzootic strains of Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus; transmission; mosquitoes; vector competence; Peru ID CULEX MELANOCONION TAENIOPUS; VALLEY FEVER VIRUS; ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; DISAPPEARANCE; DISSEMINATION; PIPIENS; AMERICA AB Mosquitoes collected in the Amazon Basin, near Iquitos, Peru, were evaluated for their susceptibility to epizootic (IAB and IC) and enzootic (ID and IE) strains of Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (VEE) virus. After feeding on hamsters with a viremia of approximate to 10(8) plaque-forming units of virus per milliliter, Culex (Melanoconion) gnomatus Sallum, Huchings, & Ferreira, Culex (Melanoconion) vomerifer Komp, and Aedes fulvus (Wiedemann) were highly susceptible to infection with all four subtypes of VEE virus (infection rates greater than or equal to 87%). Likewise, Psorophora albigenu (Peryassu) and a combination of Mansonia indubitans Dyar & Shannon and Mansonia titillans (Walker) were moderately susceptible to all four strains of VEE virus (infection rates greater than or equal to 50%). Although Psorophora cingulata (Fabricius) and Coquillettidia venezuelensis (Theobald) were susceptible to infection with each of the VEE strains, these two species were not efficient transmitters of any of the VEE strains, even after intrathoracic inoculation, indicating the presence of a salivary gland barrier in these species. In contrast to the other species tested, both Culex (Melanoconion) pedroi Sirivanakarn & Belkin and Culex (Culex) coronator Dyar & Knab were nearly refractory to each of the strains of VEE virus tested. Although many of the mosquito species found in this region were competent laboratory vectors of VEE virus, additional studies on biting behavior, mosquito population densities, and vertebrate reservoir hosts of VEE virus are needed to incriminate the principal vector species. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Turell, MJ (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, 1425 Porter St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 19 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 7 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 37 IS 6 BP 835 EP 839 DI 10.1603/0022-2585-37.6.835 PG 5 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 380JT UT WOS:000165698600009 PM 11126537 ER PT J AU Debboun, M Strickman, D Solberg, VB Wilkerson, RC McPherson, KR Golenda, C Keep, L Wirtz, RA Burge, R Klein, TA AF Debboun, M Strickman, D Solberg, VB Wilkerson, RC McPherson, KR Golenda, C Keep, L Wirtz, RA Burge, R Klein, TA TI Field evaluation of deet and a piperidine repellent against Aedes communis (Diptera : Culicidae) and Simulium venustum (Diptera : Simuliidae) in the Adirondack mountains of new York SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aedes communis; Simulium venustum; repellents; deet; piperidine; AI3-37220 ID ANOPHELES FUNESTUS; 4 REPELLENTS; AI3-37220; CIC-4; VECTOR; DIRUS AB Repellent efficacy of N,N-diethyl-3-methyl-benzamide (deet), the piperidine, 1-[3-cyclohexen-1-ylcarbonyl]-2-methylpiperdine (AI3-37220), and a 1:1 ratio of deet + AI3-37220 were evaluated topically (0.25 mg/cm(2) applied in ethanol solution) on human volunteers against the mosquito Aedes communis (DeGeer) and the black fly Simulium venustum Say. The average repellency of all three formulations was >95% at 4 h. For both mosquitoes and black flies, deet alone provided <90% protection at 6 h, whereas AI3-37220 provided >95% protection: Although repellent treatments were not significantly different overall, the contrasts between AI3-3720 versus deer were significant at 6 and 8 h. The 95% confidence interval on percent repellency at 6 h ranged from 90.1 to 98.9% for AI3-37220 versus 64.3 to 82.2% for deet, and at 8 h ranged 76.1 to 88.5% for AI3-37220 versus 47.8 to 64.0% for deet. Similarly, the confidence interval for protection against black flies at 6 h by (AI3-37220 ranged from 86.3 to 99.5% and did not overlap with the confidence interval provided by deet alone (51.2 to 78.8%). There was no evidence of synergistic repellency from a combination of the two compounds; i.e., protection from combined compounds was no better than either repellent used alone. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Entomol, Div Communicable Dis & Immunol, Walter Reed Biosyst Unit, Washington, DC 20307 USA. USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Directorate Clin Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Biometr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Debboun, M (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Entomol, Div Communicable Dis & Immunol, Walter Reed Biosyst Unit, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 19 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 37 IS 6 BP 919 EP 923 DI 10.1603/0022-2585-37.6.919 PG 5 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 380JT UT WOS:000165698600022 PM 11126550 ER PT J AU Platt, KB Mangiafico, JA Rocha, OJ Zaldivar, ME Mora, J Trueba, C Rowley, WA AF Platt, KB Mangiafico, JA Rocha, OJ Zaldivar, ME Mora, J Trueba, C Rowley, WA TI Detection of dengue virus neutralizing antibodies in bats from Costa Rica and Ecuador SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aedes aegypti; bats; dengue virus; neutralizing; antibodies ID TRANS-OVARIAL TRANSMISSION; AEDES-AEGYPTI AB Neutralizing antibodies for dengue virus serotypes 1 and 2 and serotypes 2 and 3 were detected in 1998 in 12 of 53 (22.6%) and 3 of 10 (30.0%) bats sampled in Costa Rica and Ecuador, respectively. Dengue is a consistent health problem in the two Costa Rican communities in which bats were sampled. The high percentage of bats with neutralizing antibodies to dengue virus in these two Costa Rican communities suggests that bats map become infected with dengue virus. This appears to be the case in Costa Rice and Ecuador. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Prevent Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Diagnost Syst Div, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Univ Costa Rica, Escuela Biol, San Jose, Costa Rica. Univ San Francisco Quito, Colegio Ciencias Salud, Quito, Ecuador. Iowa State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Platt, KB (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Prevent Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. OI Trueba, Gabriel/0000-0003-2617-9021 NR 13 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 37 IS 6 BP 965 EP 967 DI 10.1603/0022-2585-37.6.965 PG 3 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 380JT UT WOS:000165698600031 PM 11126559 ER PT J AU Yavuzer, R Pandolfi, PJ Jackson, IT Audet, B AF Yavuzer, R Pandolfi, PJ Jackson, IT Audet, B TI Simultaneous temporal fossa and diploic dermoid cysts: A case report SO JOURNAL OF ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY LA English DT Article ID MANAGEMENT C1 Providence Hosp, Inst Cranofacial & Reconstruct Surg, Southfield, MI 48075 USA. USA, Dent corp, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Jackson, IT (reprint author), Inst Craniofacial & Reconstruct Surg, 16001 W 9 Mile Rd,3rd Floor Fisher Ctr, Southfield, MI 48075 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0278-2391 J9 J ORAL MAXIL SURG JI J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 58 IS 11 BP 1294 EP 1297 DI 10.1053/joms.2000.16633 PG 4 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 369ZJ UT WOS:000165097400022 PM 11078143 ER PT J AU Atwater, TB Cygan, PJ Leung, FC AF Atwater, TB Cygan, PJ Leung, FC TI Man portable power needs of the 21st century - I. Applications for the dismounted soldier. II. Enhanced capabilities through the use of hybrid power sources SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE portable power; array systems; 21st Century forward area battlefield AB The Army is facing a number of challenges now and in the future. One of the major challenges is in the power sources arena. As the Army continues to move toward digitizing the battlefield, the need for portable power is increasingly becoming a technological hurdle that must be overcome in order for a soldier to exercise his electronics capabilities without being overburdened by the power sources size, weight and operating/logistical costs. Advanced electronic devices are becoming a critical piece of the soldier's personal battlefield equipment. A soldier with the latest version of the Single-Channel Ground and Airborne Radio System (SINCGARS) is one of the most dangerous weapon systems on the modern battlefield. The ability to accurately navigate and communicate multiplies the soldier's advantage over a less electronic capable enemy. Keeping his personal electronics operational is crucial to giving the soldier the capability to complete his mission successfully. Inherent in keeping the electronic equipment operating is keeping it supplied with batteries. Due to the increased emphasis placed on the modern soldiers electronic equipment, the importance of the portage of the power sources needed to keep this equipment operational has also increased. Recent efforts have focused on hybrid power sources that may enhance discussed capabilities by taking advantage of both high energy sources and high power systems for intermittent power application. This development could lead to a power source with enough energy to meet the Army's preference for a 72-h mission life before the need for resupply. Published by Elsevier Science S.A. C1 USA, Commun Elect Command, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Atwater, TB (reprint author), USA, Commun Elect Command, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, AMSEL RD C2 AP B, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. NR 11 TC 48 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD NOV PY 2000 VL 91 IS 1 BP 27 EP 36 DI 10.1016/S0378-7753(00)00484-5 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 355AQ UT WOS:000089363800003 ER PT J AU Wilson, DK AF Wilson, DK TI A turbulence spectral model for sound propagation in the atmosphere that incorporates shear and buoyancy forcings SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-LAYER TURBULENCE; CONVECTIVE BOUNDARY-LAYER; VELOCITY; WAVES; SCATTERING; INHOMOGENEITIES; COHERENCE; CHANNEL; MEDIA AB A three-dimensional model for turbulent velocity fluctuations in the atmospheric boundary layer is developed and used to calculate scattering of sound. The model, which is based on von Karman's spectrum, incorporates separate contributions from shear- and buoyancy-forced turbulence. New equations are derived from the model that predict the strength and diffraction parameters for scattering of sound as a function of height from the ground and atmospheric conditions. The need is demonstrated for retaining two distinct scattering length scales, one associated with scattering strength and the other with diffraction. These length scales are height dependent and vary substantially with the relative proportions of shear and buoyancy forcing. The turbulence model predicts that fur forward-scattered waves the phase variance is much larger than the log-amplitude variance, a behavior borne out by experimental data. A new method for synthesizing random fields, based on empirical orthogonal functions, is developed to accommodate the height dependence of the turbulence model. The method is applied to numerical calculations of scattering into an acoustic shadow zone, yielding good agreement with previous measurements. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Wilson, DK (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Wilson, D. Keith/A-4687-2012 OI Wilson, D. Keith/0000-0002-8020-6871 NR 59 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 108 IS 5 BP 2021 EP 2038 DI 10.1121/1.1311779 PN 1 PG 18 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 372GR UT WOS:000165226400006 ER PT J AU Summers, V AF Summers, V TI Effects of hearing impairment and presentation level on masking period patterns for Schroeder-phase harmonic complexes SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID BASILAR-MEMBRANE RESPONSES; GUINEA-PIG; 2-TONE SUPPRESSION; COCHLEAR MECHANICS; CHINCHILLA COCHLEA; INNER-EAR; FREQUENCY; DISPERSION; SPEECH; MODEL AB Masking period patterns (MPPs) for Schroeder-Phase harmonic complexes containing equal amplitude harmonics of a 100-ITz fundamental were determined for 5-ms tonal probes at 4000 and 1000 Hz. Maskers consisted of harmonics 2-50 (200-5000 Hz bandwidth) for 4000-Hz probes and harmonics 2-20 (200-2000 Hz) for 1000-Hz signals. Masked thresholds were determined for probe onsets 153, 155.5, 158, 160.5, and 163 ms following masker onset (masker duration=460 ms). Overall, results were similar for both probe frequencies. For listeners with normal hearing, MPPs for positive Schroeder-phase complexes masking 60 dB SPL probes were highly modulated and became flatter when probe level was increased to 80 dB SPL. MPPs were less modulated for listeners with sensorineural hearing loss than for normally hearing listeners at both 60 and 80 dB SPL probe levels. Thresholds in negative Schroeder-phase maskers were more similar across the two groups of listeners and across differences in probe position and probe level. The findings support an interpretation involving differences in the shape of the basilar-membrane waveform generated by each masker and possible influences of nonlinear cochlear processing on these internal responses. For normally hearing listeners, 60 dB SPL probes were most difficult to detect when temporally positioned so that probe frequency and masker instantaneous frequency were closely matched. For 80 dB SPL probes and for hearing-impaired listeners, probes presented at these same positions were often more easily detected than probes at other positions. The latter result appears to involve benefit associated with in-phase addition of the probe to a portion of the masker similar to the probe in both frequency and phase. This benefit was reduced of entirely eliminated when probe phase was altered so that this in-phase addition did not occur. [S0001-4966(00)05311-X]. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Army Audiol & Speech Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Summers, V (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Army Audiol & Speech Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. FU NIDCD NIH HHS [DC 03553] NR 33 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 108 IS 5 BP 2307 EP 2317 DI 10.1121/1.1318897 PN 1 PG 11 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 372GR UT WOS:000165226400036 PM 11108371 ER PT J AU Chung, PW Tamma, KK Namburu, RR AF Chung, PW Tamma, KK Namburu, RR TI A finite element coupled thermoviscoelastic creep approach for heterogeneous structures SO JOURNAL OF THERMAL STRESSES LA English DT Article ID HOMOGENIZATION METHOD; COMPOSITE-MATERIALS AB Residual stress development in heterogeneous or composite materials is an important problem in manufacture process modeling. Composites possess an intricate microstructure in which the mismatch in thermal expansion coefficients between the fiber and matrix can lead to residual thermal stresses upon part cool-down. It is commonly assumed that prior to cool-down, the entire composite at both micro and macro length scales is at a zero stress temperature. As cool-down initiates, the mismatch in thermostress behavior and the mismatch in viscoelastic time-dependent behavior of the two phases lead to built-in residual stresses in the final product. A novel finite element approach is presented here for the coupled thermovisoelastic analysis of polymer-matrix composite structures containing microscopic heterogeneities. Due to its inherent advantages over other techniques, the asymptotic homogenization approach is employed to obtain the homogenized properties for use in the macroscale problem. For illustration, a simple Kelvin-Voight viscoelastic solid is studied to demonstrate the formulations involved in similar materials for which the time-dependent stress-strain relationship is subsequently homogenized. The formulation accounts for the dissipative corrector behavior for heterogeneous viscoelastic materials. An analytical solution for the degenerative homogeneous viscoelastic material subject to uniform thermal relaxation is employed to verify part of the formulations. Additional examples are shown to further illustrate the approach for more complex scenarios. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Mech Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Tamma, KK (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Mech Engn, 111 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND SN 0149-5739 J9 J THERM STRESSES JI J. Therm. Stresses PD NOV PY 2000 VL 23 IS 8 BP 703 EP 729 DI 10.1080/01495730050192374 PG 27 WC Thermodynamics; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Mechanics GA 369VC UT WOS:000165087000001 ER PT J AU Kinsky, MP Milner, SM Button, B Dubick, MA Kramer, GC AF Kinsky, MP Milner, SM Button, B Dubick, MA Kramer, GC TI Resuscitation of severe thermal injury with hypertonic saline dextran: Effects on peripheral and visceral edema in sheep SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article ID INTERSTITIAL FLUID PRESSURE; MICRO-VASCULAR FLUID; HEMORRHAGIC-SHOCK; BURN INJURY; HYPERONCOTIC SOLUTIONS; PROTEIN FLUX; INFUSION; SKIN; PERMEABILITY; PULMONARY AB Background: Edema of tissue not directly injured by heat is a common complication after resuscitation of burn shock. Hypertonic 7.5% NaCl 6% dextran (HSD) infusion reduces early fluid requirements in burn shock, but the effects of HSD on peripheral and visceral tissue edema are not well-defined. Methods: We measured the microcirculatory absorptive pressures of burned and nonburned skin and tissue water content of skin and other tissues in anesthetized sheep after 70% to 85% total body surface area scald and resuscitation, Fluid infusion was initiated 30 minutes after injury using 10 mL/kg HSD (n = 11) or lactated Ringer's (LR) (n = 12), with infusion rates titrated to restore and maintain preburn oxygen delivery (D-O2). Thereafter, both groups received LR infusions as needed to maintain D-O2 until the study's end at 8 hours. Colloid osmotic pressure was measured in plasma, and combined interstitial colloid osmotic and hydrostatic pressures were measured in skin. Results:Both treatments successfully restored D-O2, but fluid requirements were less with the HSD group than with the LR group (43 +/- 19 mL/kg vs, 194 +/- 38 mL/kg, respectively, p < 0.05), The peripheral and visceral tissue water contents at 8 hours postinjury until the end of the study in both burn groups were significantly higher than in nonburn controls. However, HSD-treated sheep had significantly less water content in the colon ( 28%), liver (down arrow 9%), pancreas (down arrow 55%), skeletal muscle (down arrow 21%), and nonburned skin (down arrow 12%) compared with LR-treated sheep (p < 0.05 for each). HSD-treated sheep maintained significantly higher (3 to 5 mm Hg) plasma colloid osmotic pressure than LR-treated sheep. Conclusion: There were no observed differences in edema in burn skin between the two treatment groups. The early volume-sparing effect of HSD and reduction in tissue edema are likely attributed to an increased extracellular osmolarity and a better maintenance of the plasma. oncotic pressure. C1 Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Anesthesiol, Resuscitat Labs, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Surg, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Physiol, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. Shriners Burns Inst, Galveston, TX USA. USA, Inst Surg Res, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Kramer, GC (reprint author), Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Anesthesiol, Resuscitat Labs, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. NR 48 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5282 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD NOV PY 2000 VL 49 IS 5 BP 844 EP 853 DI 10.1097/00005373-200011000-00009 PG 10 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 372KA UT WOS:000165231800009 PM 11086774 ER PT J AU Morgan, TO AF Morgan, TO TI Cadaveric versus autologous fascia lata for the pubovaginal sling: Surgical outcome and patient satisfaction - Comments SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Serv Urol, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Morgan, TO (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Serv Urol, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 164 IS 5 BP 1637 EP 1637 PG 1 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 363DT UT WOS:000089820300041 ER PT J AU Allen, AW Megargell, JL Lynch, FC Singh, H Singh, Y Waybill, PN AF Allen, AW Megargell, JL Lynch, FC Singh, H Singh, Y Waybill, PN TI Venous thrombosis associated with the placement of peripherally inserted central catheters SO JOURNAL OF VASCULAR AND INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 25th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Society-of-Cardiovascular-and-Interventional-Radiology (SCVIR) CY MAR 25-30, 2000 CL SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS SP Soc Cardiovascular & Intervent Radiol DE catheters and catheterization, central venous access; dialysis, access; thrombosis, venous ID HEMODIALYSIS; DIALYSIS; ACCESS AB PURPOSE: Peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) have become an essential component of the management of an increasing number of patients, including patients who may require hemodialysis, Reported symptomatic venous thrombosis rates associated with PICC lines are based on clinical signs and symptoms and range from 1% to 4%, The purpose of this study is to evaluate the true rate of thrombosis of upper extremity veins after the placement of PICCs and the potential impact on future access in hemodialysis patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed. Patients who had (i) normal findings during initial venography, (ii) PICC placement, and (iii) who underwent subsequent repeated venography were included, Age, sex, vein cannulated, catheter size, location, and incidence of thrombosis were analyzed. RESULTS: Three hundred fifty-four PICCs were placed in 119 patients. Of the 144 extremities, 137 had normal findings during initial venography, Of the 137 extremities, 32 developed thrombosis of the cannulated vein (or central veins) after initial PICC placement (23.3%). When all extremities with multiple PICC lines placed were considered, 52 developed thrombosis, for an overall thrombosis rate of 38%. The incidence of thrombosis by site was cephalic 57%, basilic 14% and brachial 10%. No significant differences were noted in the rates of thrombosis by age, sex, or catheter size. CONCLUSIONS: There is a relatively high rate of venous thrombosis associated with PICCs, particularly cephalic thrombus, Because of the high rate of thrombosis associated with these catheters, an alternative mode of access should be considered in current or potential hemodialysis patients. All patients with a history of PICC line placement requiring dialysis access should undergo upper extremity venography prior to the placement of permanent access. C1 Penn State Univ Hosp, Div Cardiovasc & Intervent Radiol, Hershey, PA USA. RP Allen, AW (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, 1 Jarrett White Rd, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 23 TC 113 Z9 122 U1 1 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1051-0443 J9 J VASC INTERV RADIOL JI J. Vasc. Interv. Radiol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2000 VL 11 IS 10 BP 1309 EP 1314 DI 10.1016/S1051-0443(07)61307-4 PG 6 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 371UU UT WOS:000165198300008 PM 11099241 ER PT J AU Kraus, NC AF Kraus, NC TI Reservoir model of ebb-tidal shoal evolution and sand bypassing SO JOURNAL OF WATERWAY PORT COASTAL AND OCEAN ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID INLETS AB A mathematical model is presented for calculating the change in volume and sand-bypassing rate at ebb-tidal shoals. Conceptually acid mathematically, the ebb-tidal shoal is distinguished from bypassing bars that emerge from it and from attachment bars where the bypassing bars merge with the beach. The volumes and bypassing rates of these morphologic entities are calculated by analogy to a reservoir system,where each reservoir can fill to a maximum (equilibrium) volume. The ratio of the input longshore sand transport rate and the equilibrium volume of the morphologic feature is found to be a key parameter governing morphologic evolution. The analytical model gives explicit expressions for the time delays in evolution of the bypassing bar and the attachment bar, which are directly related to the delays in sand bypassing. Predictions of morphology change agree with observations made at Ocean City Inlet, Md. Examples of extension of the model by numerical solution are given for a hypothetical case of mining of an ebb-tidal shed and for an idealized case of bidirectional longshore sand transport, in which updrift and downdrift bypassing bars and attachment bars are generated. C1 USA, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Coast & Hydr Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Kraus, NC (reprint author), USA, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Coast & Hydr Lab, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 33 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 6 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA SN 0733-950X J9 J WATERW PORT C-ASCE JI J. Waterw. Port Coast. Ocean Eng.-ASCE PD NOV-DEC PY 2000 VL 126 IS 6 BP 305 EP 313 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-950X(2000)126:6(305) PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 366LW UT WOS:000090007700005 ER PT J AU Burgess, EB AF Burgess, EB TI Jeff Davis's own: Cavalry, comanches, and the battle for the Texas frontier. SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 USA Combines Arms Res Lib, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. RP Burgess, EB (reprint author), USA Combines Arms Res Lib, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD NOV 1 PY 2000 VL 125 IS 18 BP 97 EP 97 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 372MX UT WOS:000165238400115 ER PT J AU Lulka, MF Iqbal, SS Chambers, JP Valdes, ER Thompson, RG Goode, MT Valdes, JJ AF Lulka, MF Iqbal, SS Chambers, JP Valdes, ER Thompson, RG Goode, MT Valdes, JJ TI Molecular imprinting of Ricin and its A and B chains to organic silanes: fluorescence detection SO MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING C-BIOMIMETIC AND SUPRAMOLECULAR SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE ricin; organic silane; fluorescence detection AB The stable physical properties of molecular imprints make them ideal artificial receptors, i.e., biosensor sensing elements, for detection systems against chemical and biological toxins, drugs, and environmental contaminants [B. Dave, B. Dunn, J. Selverstone Valentine, J. Zink, Anal. Chem. 66 (1994) 1120-1127; O. Lev, M. Tsionsky, L. Rabinovich, V. Glezer, S. Sampath, I. Pankratov, J. Gun, Anal. Chem. 67 (1995) 22-30; R. Wang, U. Narang, P. Prasad, F. Bright, Anal. Chem. 65 (1993) 2671-2675; S.A. Piletsky, Y.P. Parhometz, N.V. Lavryk, T.L. Panasyuk, A.V. El'skaya, Sens. Actuators, B 18-19 (1994) 629-631; M.P. Byfield, R.A. Abuknesha, Biosens. Bioelectron. 9 (1994) 373-400] and afford them advantages over traditional screening techniques such as purified receptors and antibodies which require elaborate preparative techniques and complex environments. Molecular imprints to the deadly castor bean Pectin Ricin (Ricinus communis, Toxin RCA(60)) and its 'A' and 'B' chains were prepared, and their respective binding constants determined using steady-state fluorescence. Stern-Volmer fluorescence quenching plots using iodide and acrylamide suggest imprint associated Ricin B chain tryptophans are more accessible to the solvent environment than those of the Ricin A chain. Scatchard analysis revealed two affinities for Ricin binding to Ricin imprints, i.e., K-d = 34 nM and 319 nM. Similarly, high affinity interaction of Ricin A and B chains with their respective imprints were observed (K-d congruent to 100 nM). Interestingly, Scatchard analysis of Ricin B chain binding to Ricin imprints revealed two apparent affinities (K-d = 0.23 and 25 nM) whereas, Ricin B chain binding to A chain imprints exhibited one high affinity constant (K-d = 8.9 nM). These data support the usefulness of intrinsic fluorescence and molecular imprints for detection of large proteins and biological toxins. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All lights reserved. C1 Univ Texas, Div Life Sci, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. USA, Edgewood Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Chambers, JP (reprint author), Univ Texas, Div Life Sci, 6900 N Loop 1604 W, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. EM jchamber@utsa.edu NR 9 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 4 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0928-4931 J9 MAT SCI ENG C-BIO S JI Mater. Sci. Eng. C-Biomimetic Supramol. Syst. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 11 IS 2 BP 101 EP 105 DI 10.1016/S0928-4931(00)00129-6 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 381RY UT WOS:000165778300003 ER PT J AU Chisick, MC Richter, P Piotrowski, MJ AF Chisick, MC Richter, P Piotrowski, MJ TI Put more "Bite" into health promotion: A campaign to revitalize health promotion in the Army Dental Care System. II. The cancer initiatives SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID LIP CANCER; UNITED-STATES; ORAL-CANCER; SOLAR-RADIATION; SUN EXPOSURE; RISK-FACTORS; SKIN-CANCER; PREVENTION; SUNSCREENS; PROTECTION AB During the course of 1998, the Army Dental Care System launched Put More "Bite" into Health Promotion, a campaign to revitalize health promotion in the Army Dental Care System, In this paper, we discuss the content, rationale, and evidence base for one of five health promotion initiatives that are part of the campaign: lip, oral, and skin cancer screening and counseling. C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Chisick, MC (reprint author), USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 43 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 165 IS 11 BP 844 EP 848 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 373GF UT WOS:000165279900012 PM 11143431 ER PT J AU Sonna, LA Kain, JE Hoyt, RW Muza, SR Sawka, MN AF Sonna, LA Kain, JE Hoyt, RW Muza, SR Sawka, MN TI Ambulatory physiological status monitoring during a mountaineering expedition SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SICKNESS; EXERCISE; TEMPERATURE; ALTITUDE AB Objective: To evaluate an ambulatory physiological monitoring system during a mountaineering expedition, We hypothesized that the Environmental Symptoms Questionnaire, combined with frequent measurement of oxygen saturation and core temperature, would accurately identify cases of environmental illness. Methods: Twelve military mountaineers took a daily Environmental Symptoms Questionnaire, monitored fingertip oxygen saturations, and recorded core temperatures while climbing a 4,949-m peak. illnesses identified by the system were compared with those identified by spontaneous reports. Results: The system correctly identified one case of high-altitude pulmonary edema and two illnesses that were not reported to the physician (one case of acute mountain sickness and one of self-limited symptomatic desaturation), However, it did not identify two illnesses that were severe enough to preclude further climbing (one case of sinus headache and one of generalized fatigue). Conclusions: Our monitoring system may complement, but cannot replace, on-site medical personnel during mountaineering expeditions. C1 USA, Thermal & Mt Med Div, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Sonna, LA (reprint author), USA, Thermal & Mt Med Div, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 165 IS 11 BP 860 EP 866 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 373GF UT WOS:000165279900016 PM 11143435 ER PT J AU Tsokos, GC Kammer, GM AF Tsokos, GC Kammer, GM TI Molecular aberrations in human systemic lupus erythematosus SO MOLECULAR MEDICINE TODAY LA English DT Review ID ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE; CD95 FAS/APO-1 MUTATIONS; CELL DNA METHYLATION; T-CELLS; SUSCEPTIBILITY GENES; APOPTOTIC DEFECTS; CD40 LIGAND; B-CELLS; LYMPHOCYTES; PATHWAY AB Systemic lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disorder that predominantly affects women during the childbearing years. Clinically, major organ systems are affected, including the skin, kidneys and nervous system. Genetic, hormonal, environmental and immunoregulatory factors contribute to the highly variable expression of the disease. Impaired cellular and humoral immune responses reflect disordered biochemical and molecular functions that might be determined genetically. Enhanced understanding of these molecular abnormalities should enable development of new, effective therapeutic agents in the near future. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Cellular Injury, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Sect Rheumatol & Clin Immunol, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. RP Tsokos, GC (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Room A3060, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 63 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1357-4310 J9 MOL MED TODAY JI Mol. Med. Today PD NOV PY 2000 VL 6 IS 11 BP 418 EP 424 DI 10.1016/S1357-4310(00)01798-6 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 370CD UT WOS:000165104400004 PM 11074367 ER PT J AU Schomer, PD Bandy, M Lamb, J Van Slooten, H AF Schomer, PD Bandy, M Lamb, J Van Slooten, H TI Using fuzzy logic to validate blast noise monitor data SO NOISE CONTROL ENGINEERING JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Unattended noise monitoring systems are frequently used near airports, Army bases, and other large distributed noise-producing activities. One major problem associated with the use of these unattended monitoring systems is that of ascertaining whether a particular recorded datum actually resulted from activities at the source in question (e.g. flights arriving and departing at an airport.) Knowledge of operational quantities such as aircraft position and time of occurrence is often imprecise. In this paper, the methods of fuzzy logic are used to judge whether a particular monitor event results from operations of the source of interest, The results show that fuzzy logic offers a novel and promising approach to the problem of automated source identification. (C) 2000 Institute of Noise Control Engineering. C1 USA, Construct Engn Res Lab, Champaign, IL 61821 USA. RP Schomer, PD (reprint author), USA, Construct Engn Res Lab, Champaign, IL 61821 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST NOISE CONTROL ENG PI POUGHKEEPSIE PA PO BOX 3206 ARLINGTON BRANCH, POUGHKEEPSIE, NY 12603 USA SN 0736-2501 J9 NOISE CONTROL ENG J JI Noise Control Eng. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2000 VL 48 IS 6 BP 193 EP 205 DI 10.3397/1.2827959 PG 13 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Acoustics; Engineering GA 410YE UT WOS:000167468000003 ER PT J AU Kaufman, MW AF Kaufman, MW TI The WOC nurse: Economic, quality of life, and legal benefits SO NURSING ECONOMICS LA English DT Article AB The specialty trained wound, ostomy, and continence nurse (WOC) may also be referred to as the enterostomal therapy (ET) nurse. A literature review supports the use of WOC/ET nurses to help provide quality care while minimizing the expenditure of health care dollars (including avoidance of litigation related to skin breakdown). As our population ages it is estimated that 1.5 million patients will develop nosocomial pressure ulcers each year which generates an estimated $5 billion in health care costs and diminishes quality of life for skin breakdown sufferers. Wound care protocols developed by WOC/ET nurses and their availability as resources to teach ostomy patients and as consultants to other nurses, has proved effective in both prevention and treatment of skin breakdown. The specialty practice of WOC/ET nurses is supported by certification available through specialty educational programs that last from 6 weeks to 3 months. C1 USA, Dwight David Eisenhower Med Ctr, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. RP Kaufman, MW (reprint author), USA, Dwight David Eisenhower Med Ctr, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU JANNETTI PUBLICATIONS, INC PI PITMAN PA EAST HOLLY AVENUE, BOX 56, PITMAN, NJ 08071-0056 USA SN 0746-1739 J9 NURS ECON JI Nurs. Econ. PD NOV-DEC PY 2000 VL 18 IS 6 BP 298 EP 303 PG 6 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA 533YH UT WOS:000174557500005 ER PT J AU Malan, TK Haffner, WHJ Armstrong, AY Satin, AJ AF Malan, TK Haffner, WHJ Armstrong, AY Satin, AJ TI Hand-held computer operating system program for collection of resident experience data SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material AB Objective: To describe a system for recording resident experience involving hand-held computers with the Palm Operating System (3 Com, Inc., Santa Clara, CA). Program Description: Hand-held personal computers (PCs) are popular, easy to use, inexpensive, portable, and can share data among other operating systems. Residents in our program carry individual hand-held database computers to record Residency Review Committee (RRC) reportable patient encounters. Each resident's data is transferred to a single central relational database compatible with Microsoft Access (Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, WA). Patient data entry and subsequent transfer to a central database is accomplished with commercially available software that requires minimal computer expertise to implement and maintain. The central database can then be used for statistical analysis or to create required RRC resident experience reports. As a result, the data collection and transfer process takes less time for residents and program director alike, than paper-based or central computer-based systems. Conclusion: The system of collecting resident encounter data using hand-held computers with the Palm Operating System is easy to use, relatively inexpensive, accurate, and secure. The user-friendly system provides prompt, complete, and accurate data, enhancing the education of residents while facilitating the job of the program director. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Uniformed Serv Residency Obstet & Gynecol, Bethesda, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Malan, TK (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 2 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 96 IS 5 BP 792 EP 794 DI 10.1016/S0029-7844(00)01015-2 PN 1 PG 3 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 367WK UT WOS:000090084300030 PM 11042320 ER PT J AU Papageorgiou, T Hearns-Stokes, R Peppas, D Segars, JH AF Papageorgiou, T Hearns-Stokes, R Peppas, D Segars, JH TI Clitoroplasty with preservation of neurovascular pedicles SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Background: Optimal sexual function after surgical correction of clitoral hypertrophy requires an adequate postoperative innervation and vascular supply to the glans clitoris. Several clitoroplasty methods have been reported, but few describe preservation of dorsal and ventral neurovascular bundles in sexually mature women. Case: A aa-year-old woman with clitoromegaly caused by non-salt-wasting classic 21-hydroxylase deficiency presented for a second surgical procedure after an operation in her infancy. The erect clitoral length exceeded 7.5 cm. Clitoral reduction was done through a semicircular incision in the phallus, with preservation of dorsal and ventral neurovascular pedicles. Conclusion: preservation of ventral and dorsal vascular pedicles at clitoroplasty had a satisfactory result in sexually mature women. (Obstet Gynecol 2000;96:821-3.). C1 NICHHD, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Div Urol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Segars, JH (reprint author), NICHHD, 6705 Rockledge Dr,Suite 800, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 8 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 96 IS 5 SU S BP 821 EP 823 DI 10.1016/S0029-7844(00)01031-0 PN 2 PG 3 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 368QX UT WOS:000090130000010 PM 11094221 ER PT J AU Farley, J O'Boyle, JD Heaton, J Remmenga, S AF Farley, J O'Boyle, JD Heaton, J Remmenga, S TI Extraosseous Ewing sarcoma of the vagina SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PRIMITIVE NEUROECTODERMAL TUMORS AB Background: Ewing sarcoma is a highly malignant childhood bone neoplasm. Extraosseous presentations of Ewing sarcomas include the trunk, extremities, uterus, cervix, and vagina. Case: A 35-year-old woman, gravida 3, para 3, presented with a painless vaginal mass. After surgical excision, pathology results diagnosed an extraosseous Ewing sarcoma. Chemotherapy was given, followed by external beam and vaginal intracavitary brachytherapy, then more chemotherapy. After 48 months post-treatment, there is no clinical evidence of recurrence. Conclusion: Although rare, Ewing sarcoma can present as a vaginal mass. (Obstet Gynecol 2000;96:832-4.). C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. USN, Med Ctr, Portsmouth, VA USA. USN, Natl Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. RP Farley, J (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, 1 Jarrett White Rd, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 7 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 96 IS 5 SU S BP 832 EP 834 DI 10.1016/S0029-7844(00)01033-4 PN 2 PG 3 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 368QX UT WOS:000090130000016 PM 11094227 ER PT J AU Heier, JS Topping, TM Baumann, W Dirks, MS Chern, S AF Heier, JS Topping, TM Baumann, W Dirks, MS Chern, S TI Ketorolac versus prednisolone versus combination therapy in the treatment of acute pseudophakic cystoid macular edema SO OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Ophthalmology CY OCT 24-27, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Amer Acad Ophthalmol ID CONTRAST SENSITIVITY; CATARACT-SURGERY; TROMETHAMINE; INDOMETHACIN; DEXAMETHASONE; INFLAMMATION; FLURBIPROFEN; PROPHYLAXIS; BARRIER AB Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of ketorolac tromethamine 0.5% ophthalmic solution, prednisolone acetate 1.0% ophthalmic solution, and ketorolac and prednisolone combination therapy in the treatment of acute, visually significant, cystoid macular edema (CME) occurring after cataract extraction surgery. Design: Randomized, double-masked, prospective trial. Participants: Twenty-eight patients who had undergone cataract extraction and in whom clinical CME developed within 21 to 90 days after cataract surgery. Methods: Patients were randomized to topical therapy with ketorolac (group K), prednisolone (group P), or ketorolac and prednisolone combination therapy (group C) four times daily. Treatment was continued until CME resolved or for 3 months, whichever occurred first. Treatment was then tapered over 3 weeks. Examinations were monthly and included Snellen visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, Amsler grid, slit-lamp examination, dilated fundus examination, and fluorescein angiography. Results: Twenty-six of 28 patients completed the study. Patients were enrolled an average of 48 days after surgery. The average improvements in Snellen visual acuity were as follows: 1.6 lines in group K, 1.1 lines in group P, and 3.8 lines in group C. This reached statistical significance for all visits when group C was compared with group P, and for visits 4 and 5 when group C was compared with group K. Group C reached a mean change of two lines or more by visit 2; at no time did either group K or P reach a mean two-line improvement. At no time was a significant difference detected between group K and P with regard to visual acuity or change from baseline. A two-line or more improvement in Snellen acuity was achieved in 16 of 26 patients (61%). Analysis by group revealed four of eight patients (50%) in group P, six of nine patients (67%) in group K, and eight of nine patients (89%) in group C who had achieved a two-line or more improvement. In patients who did improve two lines or more, improvement occurred an average of 2.75 months after initiating therapy in group P, 1.43 months in group K, and 1.33 months in group C. Improvements in contrast sensitivity and leakage on fluorescein angiography tended to mirror improvements in Snellen acuity. Conclusions Treatment of acute, visually significant pseudophakic CME with ketorolac and prednisolone combination therapy appears to offer benefits over monotherapy with either agent alone. Patients were more likely to experience recovery of two lines or more of visual acuity. Patients treated with combination therapy or ketorolac monotherapy responded more quickly than did patients treated with prednisolone alone. Ophthalmology 2000;107:2034-2039 (C) 2000 by the American Academy of Ophthalmology. C1 Ophthalm Consultants Boston, Boston, MA USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Retina Vitreous Associates, Ft Wayne, IN USA. RP Heier, JS (reprint author), 50 Staniford St,Ste 600, Boston, MA 02114 USA. NR 21 TC 87 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0161-6420 J9 OPHTHALMOLOGY JI Ophthalmology PD NOV PY 2000 VL 107 IS 11 BP 2034 EP 2038 DI 10.1016/S0161-6420(00)00365-1 PG 5 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 370FT UT WOS:000165113400032 PM 11054327 ER PT J AU Kirk, KL Kuklo, T Klemme, W AF Kirk, KL Kuklo, T Klemme, W TI Iliotibial band friction syndrome SO ORTHOPEDICS LA English DT Review ID DISTANCE RUNNERS; MANAGEMENT; INJURIES; ANATOMY; KNEE C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Orthopaed Surg Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Kirk, KL (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Orthopaed Surg Serv, 6825 Georgia Ave, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 32 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 8 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0147-7447 J9 ORTHOPEDICS JI Orthopedics PD NOV PY 2000 VL 23 IS 11 BP 1209 EP 1214 PG 6 WC Orthopedics SC Orthopedics GA 372ZA UT WOS:000165262900019 PM 11103969 ER PT J AU Silvestrini, F Alano, P Williams, JL AF Silvestrini, F Alano, P Williams, JL TI Commitment to the production of male and female gametocytes in the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum SO PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Plasmodium falciparum; sexual differentiation; sex determination; gametocytogenesis; sex-specific antibodies ID SEXUAL-DIFFERENTIATION; EIMERIA-TENELLA; EXPRESSION; PROTEIN; STAGE; GAMETOCYTOGENESIS; CULTURES; PFG377; PFS16 AB Commitment to the production of female and male gametocytes was studied in the NF54 line of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. The development of sibling parasites derived from individual schizonts was followed, and 2 antisera against the female gametocyte-specific protein Pfg377 and the male gametocyte-specific protein alpha -tubulin II were used to determine the sex of sibling gametocytes. The experiment showed that individual cohorts of sibling gametocytes were stained in a mutually exclusive fashion by only one or the other antiserum, indicating that individual schizonts committed to yield sexual parasite progeny produce gametocytes of the same sex. This work suggests that in P. falciparum commitment to sexual differentiation occurs prior to schizont maturation, at the same moment when the sex of the resulting gametocytes is determined. C1 Ist Super Sanita, Lab Biol Cellulare, I-00161 Rome, Italy. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Entomol Communicable Dis & Immunol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Alano, P (reprint author), Ist Super Sanita, Lab Biol Cellulare, Viale Regina Elena 299, I-00161 Rome, Italy. RI Silvestrini, Francesco/C-2963-2016; OI Silvestrini, Francesco/0000-0003-3288-5088; alano, pietro/0000-0003-0092-9840 NR 29 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 5 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0031-1820 J9 PARASITOLOGY JI Parasitology PD NOV PY 2000 VL 121 BP 465 EP 471 DI 10.1017/S0031182099006691 PN 5 PG 7 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 378YE UT WOS:000165612400001 PM 11128797 ER PT J AU Rizvi, SA Saadawi, TN Nasrabadi, NM AF Rizvi, SA Saadawi, TN Nasrabadi, NM TI A clutter rejection technique for FLIR imagery using region based principal component analysis SO PATTERN RECOGNITION LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE C1 CUNY Coll Staten Isl, Dept Engn Sci & Phys, Staten Isl, NY 10314 USA. CUNY City Coll, Dept Elect Engn, New York, NY 10031 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Rizvi, SA (reprint author), CUNY Coll Staten Isl, Dept Engn Sci & Phys, 2800 Victory Blvd, Staten Isl, NY 10314 USA. NR 5 TC 7 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-3203 J9 PATTERN RECOGN JI Pattern Recognit. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 33 IS 11 BP 1931 EP 1933 DI 10.1016/S0031-3203(00)00039-X PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 348JY UT WOS:000088982800014 ER PT J AU Matthew, CB Sils, IV AF Matthew, CB Sils, IV TI Flunarizine pretreatment attenuates hyperthermia-induced extravasation in rats SO PFLUGERS ARCHIV-EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE flunarizine; calcium blockers; extravasation; vascular permeability; evans blue; endothelium; hyperthermia; free radicals ID NEUROLOGICAL RECOVERY; CELL DEFORMABILITY; PULMONARY-EDEMA; HEAT-TREATMENT; INJURY; REPERFUSION; ISCHEMIA; BRAIN; MODEL; MOUSE AB Previous work has established that there is an increase in endothelial permeability in hyperthermic rats. This work assessed the potential of the calcium channel blocker (E)-l -bis(4-fluorophenyl)methyl-4-(3 -phenyl-2propenyl)piperazine dihydrochloride (flunarizine) as a pretreatment to ameliorate this extravasation. Five groups of male rats (n=12 rats per group, 400-500 g) were given 0, 0.3, 1, 2, or 3 mg/kg flunarizine (FL0, FL0.3, FL1, FL2, and FL3, respectively) by gavage 30 min prior to induction of hyperthermia. Hyperthermia was achieved by placing unrestrained animals in their own cages in a chamber maintained at 41.5 degreesC until a core temperature (T-c) of 42.6 degreesC was attained. Then, 25 mg/kg of Evans blue in saline was administered via a jugular cannula. After 15 min the animals were anesthetized, exsanguinated, tissues removed and washed in saline, and Evans blue extracted with formamide. As the dose of flunarizine was increased, there was a significant (P <0.05) reduction of Evans blue recovered from the liver, kidney, lung, spleen, and intestinal tissue. Endurance time in the heat to reach a T-c of 42.6 degreesC increased significantly from 194+/-39 min (mean+/-SD) with FL0 to 275+/-33 min with FL1, but decreased again with FL2 (206+/-42) and FL3 (199+/-60). Thus, flunarizine pretreat- ment attenuated hyperthermia-induced extravasation, and 1 mg/kg flunarizine markedly increased the tolerance time to heat exposure. C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Matthew, CB (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Kansas St, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0031-6768 J9 PFLUG ARCH EUR J PHY JI Pflugers Arch. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 441 IS 1 BP 88 EP 93 DI 10.1007/s004240000398 PG 6 WC Physiology SC Physiology GA 378XW UT WOS:000165611500011 PM 11205066 ER PT J AU Dave, JR Anderson, SM Saviolakis, GA Mougey, EH Bauman, RA Kant, GJ AF Dave, JR Anderson, SM Saviolakis, GA Mougey, EH Bauman, RA Kant, GJ TI Chronic sustained stress increases levels of anterior pituitary prolactin mRNA SO PHARMACOLOGY BIOCHEMISTRY AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE prolactin; prolactin mRNA; chronic stress; corticosterone; ACTH ID CYCLIC-AMP RESPONSES; MESSENGER-RNA; ESTROUS-CYCLE; PLASMA-CORTICOSTERONE; GROWTH-HORMONE; INSITU HYBRIDIZATION; RIBONUCLEIC-ACID; FACTOR RECEPTORS; BETA-ENDORPHIN; RAT PITUITARY AB Our laboratory is investigating the effects of chronic stress on physiological, endocrine and behavioral measures, in order to elucidate the neuronal substrates for the pathophysiological consequences of stress in humans. In these studies, we have employed a rodent model of sustained stress in which rats are exposed to around-the-clock intermittent footshock that can be avoided or escaped by rats in the controllable stress group, but not by rats in the uncontrollable stress group. Each rat in the uncontrollable stress group is paired (yoked) to a rat in the controllable stress group such that the controllable stress group rat avoids or escapes shock for both rats. A third group of rats receives no shock (controls). We have previously reported that in male rats, plasma prolactin levels were elevated after 3 days of stress in both stress groups. In the present experiments we determined whether the increases in plasma prolactin were correlated with increases in anterior pituitary prolactin mRNA. In addition, we measured hormones and mRNA at three time points and we examined these responses in female as well as male rats. Adult male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to chronic stress for 1, 3 or 14 days. In unstressed control rats, levels of anterior pituitary prolactin mRNA were fivefold higher in female as compared to male rats. However stress increased levels of anterior pituitary prolactin mRNA over baseline in both genders. After 1 day of stress, anterior pituitary prolactin mRNA levels increased in male and female rats belonging to both stress groups, with no significant difference seen between the uncontrollable vs. controllable stress groups. After 3 days of stress, anterior pituitary prolactin mRNA levels were even more elevated, and rats in the uncontrollable stress group had higher anterior pituitary prolactin mRNA levels than those in the controllable stress group. After 14 days of stress, there were no significant differences in control and stressed groups with respect to anterior pituitary prolactin mRNA. These data suggest that chronic sustained stress increases the synthesis of anterior pituitary prolactin mRNA during the first days of stress, and that levels return to prestress values sometime between 3 and 14 days of stress. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Neurosci, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Dave, JR (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Neurosci, Bldg 503,Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 59 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0091-3057 J9 PHARMACOL BIOCHEM BE JI Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 67 IS 3 BP 423 EP 431 DI 10.1016/S0091-3057(00)00388-9 PG 9 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 388DX UT WOS:000166163100005 PM 11164069 ER PT J AU Lumley, LA Charles, RF Charles, RC Hebert, MA Morton, DM Meyerhoff, JL AF Lumley, LA Charles, RF Charles, RC Hebert, MA Morton, DM Meyerhoff, JL TI Effects of social defeat and of diazepam on behavior in a resident-intruder test in male DBA/2 mice SO PHARMACOLOGY BIOCHEMISTRY AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE diazepam; social stress; anxiety; defeat; DBA/2 mice; benzodiazepines; mice; risk assessment; flight ID INBRED MOUSE STRAINS; OLFACTORY BULBECTOMY; ANXIETY DISORDERS; RISK ASSESSMENT; ANIMAL-MODELS; STRESS; RATS; AGGRESSION; BENZODIAZEPINES; CHLORDIAZEPOXIDE AB Social stress induces robust behavioral and physiological changes, some of which may alter the responsiveness to pharmacological agents, including diazepam (DZP). We used a resident-intruder paradigm to (1) develop a comprehensive ethogram of behavioral changes following social defeat (SD) in the socially reactive strain, DBA/2 male mice, (2) determine whether acute exposure of DBA/2 mice to low-dose DZP would induce flight or aggressive behavior, both of which have been observed in other rodent models and (3) to test whether prior social stress affects responses to DZP. Behavioral responses to a nonaggressive intruder (NAI) mouse 24 h post-SD were measured in resident subject mice exposed to DZP (0, 0.5, 2.0 mg/kg, ip) either prior to the resident-intruder test (Experiment 1) or immediately post-SD (Experiment 2); control mice were not defeated (NOSD). In general, SD mice displayed increased passive and active avoidance, defense, immobility, and risk assessment relative to NOSD mice. In Experiment 1, mice treated acutely with 0.5 mg/kg DZP had more approach and flight behavior, while those treated with 2.0 mg/kg DZP had more avoidance than vehicle-treated mice, independent of SD. In Experiment 2, acute DZP (2 mg/kg) induced effects 24 h later, possibly secondary to withdrawal. In a nonsocial context (Experiment 3), DZP increased exploratory activity. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Neurochem & Neuroendocrinol, Div Neurosci, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Lumley, LA (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Neurochem & Neuroendocrinol, Div Neurosci, Bldg 503,Robert Grant Ave, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 57 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0091-3057 J9 PHARMACOL BIOCHEM BE JI Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 67 IS 3 BP 433 EP 447 DI 10.1016/S0091-3057(00)00382-8 PG 15 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 388DX UT WOS:000166163100006 PM 11164070 ER PT J AU Fang, L Yan, SL Gapud, AA Aytug, T Kang, BW Xie, YY Wu, JZ Tidrow, SC Ervins, MH Kirchner, KW AF Fang, L Yan, SL Gapud, AA Aytug, T Kang, BW Xie, YY Wu, JZ Tidrow, SC Ervins, MH Kirchner, KW TI Fabrication and physical properties of very thin HgBa2CaCu2O6+delta films SO PHYSICA C LA English DT Article DE synthesis; critical currents; magnetization; thin films ID TEMPERATURE; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; BOLOMETERS; GROWTH AB Epitaxial c-axis-oriented HgBa2CaCu2O6+delta (Hg-1212) films similar to 50-80 nm thick have been grown on (001) LaAlO3 substrates using a cation-exchange process. These films show smooth surface morphology and high-quality epitaxy. The superconducting transition temperatures are up to 118 K. In zero applied magnetic fields, the critical current densities of these films are typically above 10(7) A/cm(2) at 5 K and remain up to 3.54 x 10(5) A/cm(2) at 100 K. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Kansas, Dept Phys & Astron, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Nankai Univ, Dept Elect, Tianjin 300071, Peoples R China. RP Wu, JZ (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Dept Phys & Astron, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. RI Tidrow, Steven/C-8133-2013; OI Gapud, Albert/0000-0001-9048-9230 NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD NOV 1 PY 2000 VL 339 IS 4 BP 253 EP 257 DI 10.1016/S0921-4534(00)00358-0 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 372YC UT WOS:000165260800005 ER PT J AU Rudin, S Reinecke, TL AF Rudin, S Reinecke, TL TI Effects of dissipation and mode broadening in emission spectra of optical cavities and semiconductor microcavities SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM-THEORY; VACUUM; POLARITONS; EXCITONS; ATOMS; DOTS AB Line-broadening effects in the coupled mode spectrum of optical cavities and microcavities are included explicitly by (i) the interaction of the electromagnetic mode with a continuum of electromagnetic modes and (ii) the coupling of the electronic excitations to a dissipative source. The effects of interaction with an electromagnetic continuum are treated within a Fano model, and the electronic excitations are represented by harmonic oscillators. The coupled mode frequencies and their emission spectra are given explicitly in terms of the parameters of these line-broadening mechanisms, with particular attention given to expressions for semiconductor microcavities. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rudin, S (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD NOV PY 2000 VL 62 IS 5 BP art. no. EP 053806 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 371VW UT WOS:000165200800110 ER PT J AU Rajagopalan, G Narayanan, C Gillespie, JW McKnight, SH AF Rajagopalan, G Narayanan, C Gillespie, JW McKnight, SH TI Diffusion and reaction of epoxy and amine in polysulfone-transport modeling and experimental validation SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE epoxy-amine/polysulfone; coupled diffusion-reaction-swelling; nonlinear transport ID NON-FICKIAN DIFFUSION; GLASSY-POLYMERS; PENETRANT AB In this work, a mathematical model for the multi-component diffusion of reacting thermosets into amorphous thermoplastics is presented for the epoxy-amine-polysulfone (PSU) system. The governing Fickian diffusion-reaction equations for the epoxy and amine are strongly coupled through the amine concentration dependence of the epoxy diffusivity and the autocatalytic reaction terms for the epoxy and amine. Expressions for epoxy and amine diffusivity were used to formulate the coupled governing equations for the epoxy and amine, and solved numerically using finite difference methods. The model predictions are coupled with experimental Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) data. It is shown that despite certain simplifying assumptions, relatively good agreement is found for the concentration distributions with time and distance, and the interphase size as a function of processing temperature. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Delaware, Ctr Composite Mat, Composite Mfg Sci Lab 201, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Univ Delaware, Ctr Marine Studies, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. USA, Res Lab, Mat Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Gillespie, JW (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Ctr Composite Mat, Composite Mfg Sci Lab 201, Newark, DE 19716 USA. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD NOV PY 2000 VL 41 IS 24 BP 8543 EP 8556 DI 10.1016/S0032-3861(00)00251-2 PG 14 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 341VQ UT WOS:000088612000009 ER PT J AU Engel, CC Liu, X McCarthy, BD Miller, RF Ursano, R AF Engel, CC Liu, X McCarthy, BD Miller, RF Ursano, R TI Relationship of physical symptoms to posttraumatic stress disorder among veterans seeking care for Gulf War-related health concerns SO PSYCHOSOMATIC MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE unexplained physical symptoms; posttraumatic stress disorder; Gulf War veterans; Comprehensive Clinical Evaluation Program; multivariate analysis; war-related illnesses ID CONCURRENT PSYCHIATRIC-ILLNESS; VIETNAM VETERANS; SOMATIC SYMPTOMS; NATURAL DISASTER; POPULATION; COMPLAINTS; HISTORY; ADULTS; ABUSE AB Objectivess: Studies of the relationship of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) to physical symptoms in war veterans consistently show a positive relationship. However, traumatic experiences causing PTSD may correlate with other war exposures and medical illnesses potentially accounting for those symptoms. Methods: We analyzed data obtained from 21,244 Gulf War veterans seeking care for war-related health concerns to assess the relationship of PTSD to physical symptoms independent of environmental exposure reports and medical illness. At assessment, veterans provided demographic information and checklists of 15 common physical symptoms and 20 wartime environmental exposures. Up to seven ICD-9 provider diagnoses were ranked in order of estimated clinical significance. The relationship of provider-diagnosed PTSD to various physical symptoms and to the total symptom count was then determined in bivariate and multivariate analyses. Results: Veterans diagnosed with PTSD endorsed an average of 6.7 (SD = 3.9) physical symptoms, those with a non-PTSD psychological condition endorsed 5.3 (3.5), those with medical illness endorsed 4.3 (3.4), and a group diagnosed as "healthy" endorsed 1.2 (2.2). For every symptom, the proportion of veterans reporting the symptom was highest in those with PTSD, second highest in those with any psychological condition, third highest in those with any medical illness, and lowest in those labeled as healthy. The PTSD-symptom count relationship was independent of demographic characteristics, veteran-reported environmental exposures, and comorbid medical conditions, even when symptoms overlapping with those of PTSD were excluded. Conclusions: PTSD diminishes the general health perceptions of care-seeking Gulf War veterans. Clinicians should carefully consider PTSD when evaluating Gulf War veterans with vague, multiple, or medically unexplained physical symptoms. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Psychiat, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Deployment Hlth Clin Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Engel, CC (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Psychiat, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 29 TC 91 Z9 92 U1 0 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0033-3174 J9 PSYCHOSOM MED JI Psychosom. Med. PD NOV-DEC PY 2000 VL 62 IS 6 BP 739 EP 745 PG 7 WC Psychiatry; Psychology; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychiatry; Psychology GA 384AU UT WOS:000165917500001 PM 11138991 ER PT J AU Kim, BS Sbar, AD Jatoi, I AF Kim, BS Sbar, AD Jatoi, I TI Intra-abdominal cystic lymphangioma SO SURGERY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Kim, BS (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0039-6060 J9 SURGERY JI Surgery PD NOV PY 2000 VL 128 IS 5 BP 834 EP 835 DI 10.1067/msy.2000.108116 PG 2 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 370DJ UT WOS:000165107700011 PM 11056448 ER PT J AU Hertle, RW AF Hertle, RW TI Examination and refractive management of patients with nystagmus SO SURVEY OF OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Review ID RETINAL IMAGE STABILIZATION; NORMAL APPEARING FUNDI; CONGENITAL NYSTAGMUS; VISUAL-ACUITY; MANIFEST LATENT; CONTACT-LENSES; WAVE-FORM; OSCILLOPSIA; CHILDREN AB Patients with nystagmus present unique challenges to the ophthalmologist. These patients can be difficult to examine and refract. Treatment options to improve vision or reduce disturbing visual symptoms are limited, which is disappointing to the patient and frustrating to the clinician. This paper will provide the clinician with one method of clinically organizing nystagmus, describe the patients who may benefit from optical treatments, and discuss the methodology used in their implementation. Techniques that will be discussed include patient examination and objective and subjective refraction. Optical treatments discussed included spectacles, prisms, contact lenses, and retinal image stabilization. (Surv Ophthalmol 45:215-222, 2000. (C) 2000 by Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.). C1 NEI, LSR, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Natl Naval Med Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, Bethesda, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Hertle, RW (reprint author), NEI, LSR, NIH, Bldg 49 Room 2A50, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 51 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0039-6257 J9 SURV OPHTHALMOL JI Surv. Ophthalmol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2000 VL 45 IS 3 BP 215 EP 222 DI 10.1016/S0039-6257(00)00153-3 PG 8 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 389KC UT WOS:000166236300003 PM 11094245 ER PT J AU Taylor, TJ Donlon, SS Bale, AE Smallridge, RC Francis, TB Christensen, RS Burman, KD AF Taylor, TJ Donlon, SS Bale, AE Smallridge, RC Francis, TB Christensen, RS Burman, KD TI Treatment of a thyrotropinoma with octreotide-LAR in a patient with multiple endocrine neoplasia-1 SO THYROID LA English DT Article ID SECRETING PITUITARY-ADENOMAS; TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR GENE; INAPPROPRIATE SECRETION; CENTRAL HYPERTHYROIDISM; TYPE-1 MEN-1; SOMATOSTATIN; HYPERPARATHYROIDISM; MANAGEMENT; CRITERIA; DISEASE AB Objective: To note that a thyrotropin (TSH)-secreting macroadenoma may be part of the multiple endocrine neoplasia-l (MEN-1) syndrome and to report the use of octreotide-LAR (OCT-LAR) to treat a TSH-secreting macroadenoma in a patient with MEN-1 with previous surgery for hyperparathyroidism and gastrinoma. Methods: We present a patient with a TSH-secreting pituitary macroadenoma and report the results of her endocrine, genetic, radiologic, and nuclear medicine testing and her response to treatment with octreotide (OCT), octreotide-LAR, and estrogen. Results: This patient's TSH-induced hyperthyroidism responded to octreotide for 5 months and octreotide-LAR for more than 11 months. Her hypercalcemia normalized while she was taking estrogen. Her genetic testing is reported to show a genetic defect that is typical of patients with MEN-1. Conclusion: This report describes: (1) The use of octreotide-LAR to treat both a TSH-secreting pituitary tumor and a gastrinoma over 12 months; (2) the importance of including these humors into the MEN-1 syndrome with its attendant implications; and (3) a genetic defect, typical of patients with MEN-1, associated with this tumor. C1 Christiana Hlth Syst, Diabet & Metab Dis Ctr, Wilmington, DE USA. Univ Hawaii, John A Burns Sch Med, Dept Genet, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet, DNA Diagnost Lab, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. Mayo Clin Jacksonville, Mayo Med Sch, Div Endocrinol, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. Washington Hosp Ctr, Dept Med, Endocrinol Sect, Washington, DC 20010 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Taylor, TJ (reprint author), Albuquerque Endocrine Consultants, Presbyterian Hlth Care Syst, POB 26666, Albuquerque, NM 87125 USA. NR 44 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1050-7256 J9 THYROID JI Thyroid PD NOV PY 2000 VL 10 IS 11 BP 1001 EP 1007 DI 10.1089/thy.2000.10.1001 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 379RL UT WOS:000165656200011 PM 11128714 ER PT J AU Velez, ID Agudelo, SD Arbelaez, MP Gilchrist, K Robledo, SM Puerta, JA Zicker, F Berman, J Modabber, F AF Velez, ID Agudelo, SD Arbelaez, MP Gilchrist, K Robledo, SM Puerta, JA Zicker, F Berman, J Modabber, F TI Safety and immunogenicity of a killed Leishmania (L.) amazonensis vaccine against cutaneous leishmaniasis in Colombia: a randomized controlled trial SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE cutaneous leishmaniasis; vaccine; Leishmania amazonensis; clinical trial; BCG adjuvant; immune responses; safety; Colombia ID IMMUNE-RESPONSE; FIELD TRIAL; PLUS BCG; VOLUNTEERS; PROMASTIGOTES; EFFICACY; IRAN AB The safety and immunogenicity of an intramuscular (IM) and intradermal (ID) formulation of autoclaved Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis vaccine was evaluated in 296 volunteers in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial in Colombia. There were 4 vaccination groups: IM vaccine, IM placebo, ID vaccine, and ID placebo. The ID formulations were mixed with BCG as adjuvant at the time of injection. For each group, 3 vaccinations were given with a 20-day interval between injections, and adverse events were monitored at 20 min, and at 2, 7 and 21 days after each injection. BCG-induced adverse reactions resulted in cancellation of the third vaccine administration in the ID groups. Antibody titres did not differ significantly between the groups. Montenegro skin-test conversion was achieved by 86.4 % and 90% of the IM vaccine group and by 25% and 5% of the IM placebo group 80 days and 1 year after vaccination, respectively. A significant increase in mean Leishmania-antigen lymphocyte proliferation indexes was observed after IM vaccine immunization, but not after IM placebo immunization, 80 days and 1 year after vaccination. Significant levels of IFN gamma, but not IL-10 were observed 1 year after vaccination in the IM vaccine group compared to the IM placebo group. The good safety profile and evidence of Th1 immune reactions due to LM vaccination in this phase-I/II study suggest that a population-based phase-III efficacy trial of the IM vaccine should be initiated. C1 Univ Antioquia, Program Study & Control Trop Dis, PECET, Medellin, Colombia. WHO, World Bank, UNDP, Special Programme Res & Training Trop Dis,TDR, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Velez, ID (reprint author), Univ Antioquia, Program Study & Control Trop Dis, PECET, Apartado Aereo 1226, Medellin, Colombia. RI Zicker, Fabio/I-4138-2012; Zicker, Fabio/B-4209-2009; OI Zicker, Fabio/0000-0002-9751-7430; Arbelaez Montoya, Maria Patricia/0000-0003-2435-4658 NR 20 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU ROYAL SOC TROPICAL MEDICINE PI LONDON PA MANSON HOUSE 26 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON W1N 1EY, ENGLAND SN 0035-9203 J9 T ROY SOC TROP MED H JI Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV-DEC PY 2000 VL 94 IS 6 BP 698 EP 703 DI 10.1016/S0035-9203(00)90239-6 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 381WG UT WOS:000165786300029 PM 11198661 ER PT J AU McLeod, DG Iversen, P AF McLeod, DG Iversen, P TI Gynecomastia in patients with prostate cancer: A review of treatment options SO UROLOGY LA English DT Review ID PHASE-III TRIAL; FINAL ANALYSIS; METASTATIC CARCINOMA; CYPROTERONE-ACETATE; DOUBLE-BLIND; FLUTAMIDE; ORCHIECTOMY; MULTICENTER; TAMOXIFEN; MONOTHERAPY C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Urol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, CPDR, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Univ Copenhagen, Rigshosp, Dept Urol, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. RP McLeod, DG (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Urol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 41 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0090-4295 J9 UROLOGY JI UROLOGY PD NOV PY 2000 VL 56 IS 5 BP 713 EP 720 DI 10.1016/S0090-4295(00)00823-2 PG 8 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 375LK UT WOS:000165400700001 PM 11068286 ER PT J AU Preston, DM Levin, LI Jacobson, DJ Jacobsen, SJ Rubertone, M Holmes, E Murphy, GP Moul, JW AF Preston, DM Levin, LI Jacobson, DJ Jacobsen, SJ Rubertone, M Holmes, E Murphy, GP Moul, JW TI Prostate-specific antigen levels in young white and black men 20 to 45 years old SO UROLOGY LA English DT Article ID REFERENCE RANGES; CANCER; AGE; DENSITY; STABILITY; AMERICAN; DISEASE AB Objectives. To determine the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels and PSA change over time in young white and black men 20 to 45 years old. Methods. The Department of Defense Serum Repository, a serum bank that stores all residual serum from the military human immunodeficiency virus screening program at -25 degreesC, was sampled to obtain a total of 588 black and 588 white subjects 20 to 45 years old. This was a retrospective study with only demographic data available on the studied subjects. The samples used for this study were collected between June 24, 1988 and June 12, 1996. Individuals with a history of prostate disease were excluded by query of a centralized Department of Defense diagnosis database. Three serum specimens evenly distributed over a mean of 6 years were selected for each individual to determine the free and total PSA levels and PSA velocity. The Hybritech Tandem-E PSA assay was used for the total PSA measurement, and the Hybritech Tandem-R assay was used for the free PSA measurement. Results. The baseline serum PSA levels differed by race (P = 0.04). The median (25th, 75th percentile) baseline serum PSA levels for black men 20 to 29, 30 to 39, and 40 to 45 were 0.38 ng/mL (0.26, 0.61), 0.45 ng/mL (0.32, 0.67), and 0.52 ng/mL (0.37, 0.73), respectively. The median baseline serum PSA levels for the same decade groups in white men were 0.38 ng/mL (0.27, 0.57), 0.45 ng/mL (0.28, 0.68), and 0.40 ng/mL (0.26, 0.64), respectively. The PSA velocity was higher in white men than in black men (mean 2.8%/yr and 1.6%/yr, respectively, P = 0.032). Conclusions. These results suggest that although black men 20 to 45 years old have higher baseline serum PSA levels than white men of the same age, the PSA velocity is greater in young white than in young black men. Additional work is needed to determine the clinical significance of these findings. UROLOGY 56: 812-816, 2000. Published by Elsevier Science Inc. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Urol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Ctr Prostate Dis Res, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Epidemiol, Div Prevent Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Sect Clin Epidemiol & Biostat, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. Pacific NW Canc Fdn, Seattle, WA USA. RP Moul, JW (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, 1530 E Jefferson St, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. NR 20 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0090-4295 J9 UROLOGY JI UROLOGY PD NOV PY 2000 VL 56 IS 5 BP 812 EP 816 DI 10.1016/S0090-4295(00)00764-0 PG 5 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 375LK UT WOS:000165400700023 PM 11068308 ER PT J AU Fritz, DL Vogel, P Brown, DR Deshazer, D Waag, DM AF Fritz, DL Vogel, P Brown, DR Deshazer, D Waag, DM TI Mouse model of sublethal and lethal intraperitoneal glanders (Burkholderia mallei) SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Burkholderia mallei; capsular antigen; glanders; immunohistochemistry; intraperitoneal inoculation; mice; Mus ID PSEUDOMALLEI AB Sixty male BALB/c mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with either a sublethal or a lethal dose of Burkholderia mallei China 7 strain, then killed at multiple time points postinoculation. Histopathologic changes were qualitatively similar in both groups and consisted of pyogranulomatous inflammation. In sublethal study mice, changes were first seen at 6 hours in mediastinal lymph nodes, then in spleen, liver, peripheral lymph nodes, and bone marrow at day 3. These changes generally reached maximal incidence and severity by day 4 but decreased by comparison in all tissues except the liver. Changes were first seen in lethal study mice also at 6 hours in mediastinal lymph nodes and in spleens. At day 1, changes were present in liver, peripheral lymph nodes, and bone marrow. The incidence and severity of these changes were maximal at day 2. In contrast to sublethal study mice, the incidence and severity of the changes did not decrease through the remainder of the study. The most significant difference between the two groups was the rapid involvement of the spleen in the lethal study mice. Changes indicative of impaired vascular perfusion were more frequently seen in the sublethal study mice. Our findings indicate that mice are susceptible to B. mallei infection and may serve as an appropriate model for glanders infection in a resistant host such as human beings. Additionally, by immunoelectron microscopy, we showed the presence of type I O-antigenic polysaccharide (capsular) antigen surrounding B. mallei. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Pathol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Bacteriol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Fritz, DL (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Pathol, 1425 Porter St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 24 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER COLL VET PATHOLOGIST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0300-9858 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD NOV PY 2000 VL 37 IS 6 BP 626 EP 636 DI 10.1354/vp.37-6-626 PG 11 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA 375LM UT WOS:000165400900008 PM 11105952 ER PT J AU Taylor, AJ Hunt, M Vernalis, M Feuerstein, I O'Malley, PG AF Taylor, AJ Hunt, M Vernalis, M Feuerstein, I O'Malley, PG TI Is high-sensitivity C-reactive protein a disease or a process marker in coronary atherosclerosis? SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT 31 PY 2000 VL 102 IS 18 SU S MA 3810 BP 789 EP 789 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 367QE UT WOS:000090072303802 ER PT J AU Srikantan, V Zou, ZQ Petrovics, G Xu, L Augustus, M Davis, L Livezey, JK Connell, T Sesterhenn, IA Yoshino, K Buzard, GS Mostofi, FK McLeod, DG Moul, JW Srivastava, S AF Srikantan, V Zou, ZQ Petrovics, G Xu, L Augustus, M Davis, L Livezey, JK Connell, T Sesterhenn, IA Yoshino, K Buzard, GS Mostofi, FK McLeod, DG Moul, JW Srivastava, S TI PCGEM1, a prostate-specific gene, is overexpressed in prostate cancer SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE riboregulator; differential display; androgen regulation; noncoding RNA ID NONCODING RNA; MEMBRANE ANTIGEN; SERINE-PROTEASE; MESSENGER-RNA; EXPRESSION; DISEASE; NKX3.1 AB A prostate-specific gene, PCGEM1, was identified by differential display analysis of paired normal and prostate cancer tissues. Multiple tissue Northern blot analysis revealed that PCGEM1 was expressed exclusively in human prostate tissue. Analysis of PCGEM1 expression in matched normal and primary tumor specimens revealed tumor-associated overexpression in 84% of patients with prostate cancer by in situ hybridization assay and in 56% of patients by reverse transcription-PCR assay. Among various prostate: cancer cell lines analyzed, PCGEM1 expression was detected only in the androgen receptor-positive cell line LNCaP. Extensive DNA sequence analysis of the PCGEM1 cDNA and genomic DNA revealed that PCGEM1 lacks protein-coding capacity and suggests that it may belong to an emerging class of noncoding RNAs, also called "riboregulators." The PCGEM1 locus was mapped to chromosome 2q32, Taken together, the remarkable prostate-tissue specificity and androgen-dependent expression of PCGEM1 as well as its elevated expression in a significant percentage of tumor tissues suggest specific functions of PCGEM1 in the biology and tumorigenesis of the prostate gland. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Ctr Prostate Dis Res, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NCI, Dept Genet, Div Clin Sci, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Genitourinary Pathol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NCI, Frederick Canc Res & Dev Ctr, Comparat Carcinogenesis Lab, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Urol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Srivastava, S (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Ctr Prostate Dis Res, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 26 TC 170 Z9 187 U1 1 U2 9 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD OCT 24 PY 2000 VL 97 IS 22 BP 12216 EP 12221 DI 10.1073/pnas.97.22.12216 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 367PQ UT WOS:000090071000092 PM 11050243 ER PT J AU Jensen, JO Banerjee, A Merrow, CN Zeroka, D Lochner, JM AF Jensen, JO Banerjee, A Merrow, CN Zeroka, D Lochner, JM TI A theoretical study of P4O6: vibrational analysis and infrared and Raman spectra SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE-THEOCHEM LA English DT Article DE vibrations; normal mode frequencies; infrared spectra; Raman spectra; tetraphosphorus hexoxide ID CHEMI-LUMINESCENCE; SPECTROSCOPY; MECHANISM; AS4O6 AB The normal mode frequencies and the corresponding vibrational assignments of tetraphosphorus hexoxide (P4O6) in T-d symmetry are examined theoretically using the GAUSSIAN 94 set of quantum chemistry codes at the HF/6-31G*, MP2/6-31G* and DFT/B3LYP/6-31G* levels of theory. By comparison to experimental normal mode frequencies deduced by Chapman [A.C. Chapman, Spectrochim. Acta A 24 (1968) 1687-1696] correction factors for predominant vibrational motions are determined and compared. Normal modes were decomposed into three nonredundant motions (P-O-P wag, P-O-P bend, and P-O stretch). Standard deviations found for the DFT and MP2 corrected frequencies compared to experiment are particularly noteworthy yielding values of 15 and 11 cm(-1), respectively. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lehigh Univ, Dept Chem, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. USA, Edgewood Chem & Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. RP Lehigh Univ, Dept Chem, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. EM jojensen@sbccom.apgea.army.mil; axbanerj@c-mail.apgea.army.mil; merrow@umr.edu; dz00@lehigh.edu; jmlochne@sbccom.apgea.army.mil NR 29 TC 78 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-1280 J9 J MOL STRUC-THEOCHEM JI Theochem-J. Mol. Struct. PD OCT 23 PY 2000 VL 531 BP 323 EP 331 DI 10.1016/S0166-1280(00)00465-6 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 368GZ UT WOS:000090110500030 ER PT J AU Lilly, CM De Meo, DL Sonna, LA Haley, KJ Massaro, AF Wallace, RF Cody, S AF Lilly, CM De Meo, DL Sonna, LA Haley, KJ Massaro, AF Wallace, RF Cody, S TI An intensive communication intervention for the critically ill SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CARE UNIT; LIFE-SUPPORT; APACHE-II; WITHDRAWAL AB PURPOSE: We sought to determine the effects of a communication process that was designed to encourage the use of advanced supportive technology when it is of benefit, but to limit its burdens when it is ineffective. We compared usual care with a proactive, multidisciplinary method of communicating that prospectively identified for patients and families the criteria that would determine whether a care plan was effective at meeting the goals of the patient. This process allowed caregivers to be informed of patient preferences about continued advanced supportive technology when its continuation would result in a compromised functional outcome or death. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a before-and-after study in 530 adult medical patients who were consecutively admitted to a university tertiary care hospital for intensive care. Multidisciplinary meetings were held within 72 hours of critical care admission. Patients, families, and the critical care team discussed the care plan and the patients' goals and expectations for the outcome of critical care. Clinical "milestones" indicative of recovery were identified with time frames for their occurrence. Follow-up meetings were held to discuss palliative care options when continued advanced supportive technology was not achieving the patient's goals. We measured length of stay, mortality, and provider team and family consensus in 134 patients before the intensive communication intervention and in 396 patients after the intervention. RESULTS: Intensive communication significantly reduced the median length of stay from 4 days (interquartile range, 2 to 11 days) to 3 days (2 to 6 days, P = 0.01 by survival analysis). This reduction remained significant after adjustment for acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) 3 score [risk ratio (RR) = 0.81; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.66 to 0.99; P = 0.04). Subgroup analysis revealed that this reduction occurred in our target group, patients with acuity scores in the highest quartile who died (RR = 0.60; 95% CI, 0.38 to 0.92; P = 0.02). The intervention, which allowed dying patients earlier access to palliative care, was not associated with increased mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Intensive communication was associated with a reduction in critical care use by patients who died. Our multidisciplinary process targeted advanced supportive technology to patients who survived and allowed the earlier withdrawal of advanced supportive technology when it was ineffective. Am J Med. 2000;109:469-475. (C) 2000 by Excerpta Medica, Inc. C1 Brigham & Womens Hosp, Div Resp, Dept Med, Combined Program Pulm & Crit Care Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Lilly, CM (reprint author), Brigham & Womens Hosp, Div Resp, Dept Med, Combined Program Pulm & Crit Care Med, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115 USA. NR 19 TC 254 Z9 258 U1 5 U2 14 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 650 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0002-9343 J9 AM J MED JI Am. J. Med. PD OCT 15 PY 2000 VL 109 IS 6 BP 469 EP 475 DI 10.1016/S0002-9343(00)00524-6 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 367JC UT WOS:000090057100005 PM 11042236 ER PT J AU Stephen, P Brown, AE Dolan, MJ Michael, NL Zhou, S Perfetto, HC Robb, M Lane, J Mayers, D McNeil, JG Malone, JD Garner, R Birx, DL AF Stephen, P Brown, AE Dolan, MJ Michael, NL Zhou, S Perfetto, HC Robb, M Lane, J Mayers, D McNeil, JG Malone, JD Garner, R Birx, DL TI Clinical prognosis of patients with early-stage HIV disease: Contribution of HIV-1 RNA and T-lymphocyte subset quantitation and expression SO CYTOMETRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Wilford Hall Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. SRA Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. Natl Naval Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. US FDA, Ctr Devices & Radiol Hlth, OSB, DBS, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. Henry Ford Hosp, Div Infect Dis, Detroit, MI USA. USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0196-4763 J9 CYTOMETRY JI Cytometry PD OCT 15 PY 2000 VL 42 IS 5 MA 32 BP 321 EP 322 PG 2 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 366DG UT WOS:000089989100040 ER PT J AU Anderson, SC Kupfer, JA Wilson, RR Cooper, RJ AF Anderson, SC Kupfer, JA Wilson, RR Cooper, RJ TI Estimating forest crown area removed by selection cutting: a linked regression-GIS approach based on stump diameters SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE bottomland hardwood forest; crown area; GIS regression model; silvicultural treatments; stump diameters ID CANOPY COVER; BASAL AREA; EDGE AB The purpose of this research was to develop a model that could be used to provide a spatial representation of uneven-aged silvicultural treatments on forest crown area. We began by developing species-specific linear regression equations relating tree DBH to crown area for eight bottomland tree species at White River National Wildlife Refuge, Arkansas, USA. The relationships were highly significant for all species, with coefficients of determination (r(2)) ranging from 0.37 for Ulmus crassifolia to nearly 0.80 for Quercus nuttalliii and Taxodium distichum. We next located and measured the diameters of more than 4000 stumps from a single tree-group selection timber harvest. Stump locations were recorded with respect to an established gl id point system and entered into a Geographic Information System (ARC/INFO). The area occupied by the crown of each logged individual was then estimated by using the stump dimensions (adjusted to DBHs) and the regression equations relating tree DBH to crown area. Our model projected that the selection cuts removed roughly 300 m(2) of basal area from the logged sites resulting in the loss of approximate to 55 000 m(2) of crown area. The model developed in this research represents a tool that can be used in conjunction with remote sensing applications to assist in forest inventory and management, as well as to estimate the impacts of selective timber harvest on wildlife. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Memphis, Dept Geog & Planning, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Univ Georgia, Daniel B Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Anderson, SC (reprint author), Ctr Res Dev & Engn, CEERC, ER, W, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RI Kupfer, John/H-4066-2011 NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD OCT 15 PY 2000 VL 137 IS 1-3 BP 171 EP 177 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(99)00325-4 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 353HU UT WOS:000089269400016 ER PT J AU Gao, CL Zou, ZQ Xu, L Moul, J Seth, P Srivastava, S AF Gao, CL Zou, ZQ Xu, L Moul, J Seth, P Srivastava, S TI p53-dependent induction of heat shock protein 27 (hsp27) expression SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER LA English DT Article ID BREAST-CANCER CELLS; WILD-TYPE P53; PROSTATE-CANCER; APOPTOSIS; GROWTH; GENE; OVEREXPRESSION; ANGIOGENESIS; METASTASIS; PROMOTER AB Transcriptional activation of the p53 target genes plays a critical role in the cellular response to DNA damage, hypoxia, cellular stress and other signals regulating the cell cycle and apoptosis. The discovery of new p53 target genes continues to reveal novel mechanisms of action of this multifaceted protein. We used cDNA arrays to search for p53-regulated genes in prostate cancer cells. In this report, we describe robust induction of heat shock protein 27 (hsp27) in prostate cancer cells (DU145, LNCaP, PC3) following wildtype p53 expression from an adenoviral p53 expression vector (AdWTp53). A mutant p53 (R175H)-containing adenoviral expression vector did not induce hsp27. hsp27 expression was not altered in prostate cancer cells following expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors: p21(waf1/cip1) and p27(kip1) from adenoviral expression vectors. Treatment of cells with staurosporine, an apoptosis-inducing agent, did no affect hsp27 expression. These observations provide evidence that induction of hsp27 expression was wild-type p53-specific and was not due to non-specific effects of cell growth arrest and/or apoptosis. Previous studies and the experiment reported here show induction of hsp27 expression in response to androgen ablation, a physiological state that induces apoptosis in prostatic epithelial cells. The nature of p53 and hsp27 interactions in the regulation of apoptosis and/or cell growth needs to be further defined. Int. J. Cancer 88:191-194, 2000. (C) 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Ctr Prostate Dis Res, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Urol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Human Gene Therapy Res Inst, Des Moines, IA USA. RP Srivastava, S (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Ctr Prostate Dis Res, 1530 E Jefferson St, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. NR 28 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0020-7136 J9 INT J CANCER JI Int. J. Cancer PD OCT 15 PY 2000 VL 88 IS 2 BP 191 EP 194 DI 10.1002/1097-0215(20001015)88:2<191::AID-IJC7>3.3.CO;2-1 PG 4 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 359UD UT WOS:000089629700007 PM 11004667 ER PT J AU Kanesa-thasan, N Smucny, JJ Hoke, CH Marks, DH Konishi, E Kurane, I Tang, DB Vaughn, DW Mason, PW Shope, RE AF Kanesa-thasan, N Smucny, JJ Hoke, CH Marks, DH Konishi, E Kurane, I Tang, DB Vaughn, DW Mason, PW Shope, RE TI Safety and immunogenicity of NYVAC-JEV and ALVAC-JEV attenuated recombinant Japanese encephalitis virus - poxvirus vaccines in vaccinia-nonimmune and vaccinia-immune humans SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Japanese encephalitis virus; recombinant poxviruses; vaccinia immunity ID RABIES GLYCOPROTEIN; IMMUNIZATION; LYMPHOCYTES; VACCINATION; CANDIDATES; RESPONSES; EFFICACY; VECTORS; ADULTS; TRIAL AB A controlled, randomized, double-blind clinical trial evaluated whether two attenuated recombinant poxviruses with identical Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) gene insertions, NYVAC-JEV and ALVAC-JEV, were safe and immunogenic in volunteers. Groups of 10 volunteers distinguished by vaccinia immune status received two doses of each vaccine. The vaccines appeared to be equally safe and well tolerated in volunteers, but more reactogenic than licensed formalin-inactivated JE and placebo vaccines given as controls. NYVAC-JEV and ALVAC-JEV vaccine recipients had frequent occurrence of local warmth, erythema, tenderness, and/or arm pain after vaccination. There was no apparent effect of vaccinia immune status on frequency or magnitude of local and systemic reactions. NYVAC-JEV elicited antibody responses to JEV antigens in recipients but ALVAC-JEV vaccine poorly induced antibody responses. However, NYVAC-JEV Vaccine induced neutralizing antibody responses only in vaccinia-nonimmune recipients while vaccinia-immune Volunteers failed to develop protective antibodies (5/5 vs. 0/5 seroconversion, p < 0.01). These data suggest that preexisting immunity to poxvirus vector may suppress antibody responses to recombinant gene products. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, DCD&I, Dept Virus Dis, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Aventis Pasteur USA, Swiftwater, PA USA. Kobe Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med Zool, Chuo Ku, Kobe, Hyogo 850, Japan. Univ Massachusetts, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Worcester, MA 01655 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Biostat & Math, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Virol, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Yale Arbovirus Res Unit, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. RP Kanesa-thasan, N (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, DCD&I, Dept Virus Dis, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 31 TC 75 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD OCT 15 PY 2000 VL 19 IS 4-5 BP 483 EP 491 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(00)00191-2 PG 9 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 365CH UT WOS:000089930500017 PM 11027812 ER PT J AU Tipton, CW Kirchner, K Godfrey, R Cardenas, M Aggarwal, S Li, H Ramesh, R AF Tipton, CW Kirchner, K Godfrey, R Cardenas, M Aggarwal, S Li, H Ramesh, R TI Enhanced-response pyroelectric heterostructures SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILM CAPACITORS; LA1-XSRXCOO3; ELECTRODES; DETECTOR; PBTIO3 AB We have observed enhanced pyroelectric responses in sub-100 nm, epitaxial Pb-Zr-Ti-O films contacted with conducting perovskite oxide top and bottom electrodes. These enhancements are obtained in capacitors where the bottom electrode is processed under reducing conditions. This leads to an asymmetric, temperature-dependent internal electric field that is produced within the ferroelectric capacitor and manifests itself as a strongly shifted ferroelectric hysteresis loop. Because the shifted coercive voltage lies near the unbiased operating point, the pyroelectric film has a large value of dP/dE. The product (dP/dE)/(dE/dT) gives rise to an enhanced pyroelectric response. Our data show that a 10-30 times increase in the pyroelectric response can be obtained over symmetric devices, with a concomitant improvement of the sensing figure-of-merit by three times. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(00)02941-7]. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Tipton, CW (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 20 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 9 PY 2000 VL 77 IS 15 BP 2388 EP 2390 DI 10.1063/1.1316774 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 359YE UT WOS:000089639000040 ER PT J AU Rohrbaugh, DK AF Rohrbaugh, DK TI Methanol chemical ionization quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometry of O-ethyl S-[2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl] methylphosphonothiolate (VX) and its degradation products SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE mass spectrometry; chemical ionization; methanol; warfare agents; VX AB Mass spectrometric analysis of O-ethyl S-[2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl] methylphosphonothiolate (VX) degradation products by electron ionization produces extensive fragmentation with little or no molecular ion information making product identification difficult. Milder chemical ionization (CI) is commonly used to provide molecular mass and structure confirmation. In this study, methanol was used as a CI reagent in combination with an ion trap detector for detection and identification of over 30 compounds present in a thermally degraded sample of VX. The use of methanol provides superior results for this class of compounds with less fragmentation than commonly observed with gas reagents and offers logistical advantages for on-site analysis by being easier to transport and safer to use than gas cylinders. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Res & Technol Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Rohrbaugh, DK (reprint author), USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Res & Technol Directorate, 5138 Blackhawk Rd,Bldg E3300, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 9 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD OCT 6 PY 2000 VL 893 IS 2 BP 393 EP 400 DI 10.1016/S0021-9673(00)00752-4 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 358MT UT WOS:000089562400015 PM 11073307 ER PT J AU Zhang, WH Bevins, MA Plantz, BA Smith, LA Meagher, MM AF Zhang, WH Bevins, MA Plantz, BA Smith, LA Meagher, MM TI Modeling Pichia pastoris growth on methanol and optimizing the production of a recombinant protein, the heavy-chain fragment C of botulinum neurotoxin, serotype A SO BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Pichia pastoris; fed-batch; growth modeling; optimization; fermentation; botulinum neurotoxin ID HIGH-LEVEL SECRETION; FED-BATCH CULTURE; METHYLOTROPHIC YEAST; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ALCOHOL OXIDASE; FERMENTATION; PURIFICATION; DOMAIN; SYSTEM; GENE AB An unstructured growth model for the recombinant methylotrophic yeast P. pastoris Mut(+) expressing the heavy-chain fragment C of botulinum neurotoxin serotype A [BoNT/A(H-c)], was successfully established in quasi-steady state fed-batch fermentations with varying cell densities. The model describes the relationships between specific growth rate and methanol concentration, and the relationships between specific methanol and ammonium consumption rates and specific growth rate under methanol-limited growth conditions. The maximum specific growth rate (mu) determined from the model was 0.08 h(-1) at a methanol concentration of 3.65 g/L, while the actual maximum mu was 0.0709 h(-1). The maximum specific methanol consumption rate was 0.0682 g/g WCW/h. From the model, growth can be defined as either methanol-limited or methanol-inhibited and is delineated at a methanol concentration of 3.65 g/L. Under inhibited conditions, the observed biomass yield (Y-X/MeOH) was lower and the maintenance coefficient (m(MeOH)) was higher than compared to limited methanol conditions. The Y-X/MeOH decreased and m(MeOH) increased with increasing methanol concentration under methanol-inhibited conditions. BoNT/A(H-c) content in cells (alpha) under inhibited growth was lower than that under limited growth, and decreased with increasing methanol concentration. A maximum alpha of 1.72 mg/g WCW was achieved at a mu of 0.0267 h(-1) and induction time of 12 h. (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Biol Proc Dev Facil, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Meagher, MM (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Biol Proc Dev Facil, 335 FIC,E Campus, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. NR 24 TC 146 Z9 166 U1 7 U2 38 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0006-3592 J9 BIOTECHNOL BIOENG JI Biotechnol. Bioeng. PD OCT 5 PY 2000 VL 70 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1002/1097-0290(20001005)70:1<1::AID-BIT1>3.0.CO;2-Y PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 353FM UT WOS:000089264200001 PM 10940857 ER PT J AU Kassenborg, H Danila, R Snippes, P Wiisanen, M Sullivan, M Smith, KE Crouch, N Medus, P Weber, R Korlath, J Ristinen, T Lynfield, R Hull, HF Pahlen, J Boldingh, T Elfering, K Hoffman, G Lewis, T Friedlander, A Heine, H Culpepper, R Henchal, E Ludwig, G Rossi, C Teska, J Ezzell, J Eitzen, E AF Kassenborg, H Danila, R Snippes, P Wiisanen, M Sullivan, M Smith, KE Crouch, N Medus, P Weber, R Korlath, J Ristinen, T Lynfield, R Hull, HF Pahlen, J Boldingh, T Elfering, K Hoffman, G Lewis, T Friedlander, A Heine, H Culpepper, R Henchal, E Ludwig, G Rossi, C Teska, J Ezzell, J Eitzen, E TI Human ingestion of Bacillus anthracis - Contaminated meat - Minnesota, August 2000 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 49, pg 813-816, 2000) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Roseau Cty Home Hlth Care, Roseau, Dominica. Minnesota Board Anim Hlth, St Paul, MN USA. Minnesota Dept Agr, St Paul, MN 55107 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Washington, DC USA. Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. CDC, Epidemiol Program Off, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kassenborg, H (reprint author), Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA. NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 4 PY 2000 VL 284 IS 13 BP 1644 EP 1646 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 357KY UT WOS:000089501900011 ER PT J AU Rothwell, SW Wassef, NM Alving, CR Rao, M AF Rothwell, SW Wassef, NM Alving, CR Rao, M TI Proteasome inhibitors block the entry of liposome-encapsulated antigens into the classical MHC class I pathway SO IMMUNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE antigen-processing; lactacystin; macrophage; cytotoxic T-lymphocyte ID COMPLEX CLASS-I; SYNTHETIC LIPOPEPTIDE VACCINE; CYTOTOXIC T-LYMPHOCYTES; ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; EXOGENOUS ANTIGENS; TRANS-GOLGI; MACROPHAGES; PROTEIN; PEPTIDE; MOLECULES AB Liposome-encapsulated conalbumin (L(conalbumin)) is an antigen that is efficiently phagocytosed by bone marrow-derived macrophages and presented to effector cells as part of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I complex. In this report, we show that the conalbumin component of L(conalbumin) is degraded to small peptide fragments and translocated to the area of the Golgi. Golgi localization is confirmed by co-localization of L(Texas red-conalbumin) (L(TR-conalbumin))with both NBD-ceramide, a lipid Golgi marker, and green fluorescent protein (GFP)-galactosyl transferase; a Golgi resident enzyme. Incubation of the cells with brefeldin A disrupts the Golgi and disperses the TR-conalbumin. Furthermore, when macrophages were incubated with another liposome-encapsulated antigen, L(ovalbumin), ovalbumin peptides were observed in the Golgi area and MHC class I-peptide complexes could be detected on the cell surface by both immunofluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. The Golgi localization observed in vitro in cultured macrophages is mirrored by the in vivo uptake and Golgi localization of fluorescent L(conalbumin) in macrophages isolated from the spleen of a mouse injected with L(TR-conalbumin). The accumulation of peptide fragments in the Golgi is inhibited by the addition of the proteasome inhibitors, lactacystin and MG-132, demonstrating the role of the proteasome in this activity. In addition, when macrophages or a macrophage-derived cell line, are incubated with liposome-enccapsulated antigens and used as target cells in a cytotoxic T-cell (CTL) assay, the CTLs recognize the processed peptide-MHC complexes and kill the cells. In contrast, specific lysis of target cells by CTLs is inhibited when the target cells are first incubated with lactacystin. These results suggest that uptake and processing of L(antigen) follows the classical MHC class I pathway. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Resuscitat Med, Washington, DC USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Membrane Biochem, Washington, DC USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Anat & Cell Biol, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Rothwell, SW (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Mil Consultancy Res, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 41 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2478 J9 IMMUNOL LETT JI Immunol. Lett. PD OCT 3 PY 2000 VL 74 IS 2 BP 141 EP 152 DI 10.1016/S0165-2478(00)00206-6 PG 12 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 357ML UT WOS:000089505400008 PM 10996390 ER PT J AU Cole, MW Joshi, PC Ervin, MH Wood, MC Pfeffer, RL AF Cole, MW Joshi, PC Ervin, MH Wood, MC Pfeffer, RL TI The influence of Mg doping on the materials properties of Ba1-xSrxTiO3 thin films for tunable device applications SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE dilectric properties; deposition process; film miscrostructure ID ACCESS MEMORY APPLICATION; ELECTRICAL CHARACTERIZATION; DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; LOW-TEMPERATURE; PHASE SHIFTERS; DEPOSITION; CERAMICS AB We have investigated the structural, microstructural, interfacial, and surface morphological properties of Ba0.60Sr0.40TiO3 thin films Mg doped from 0 to 20 mol%. A strong correlation was observed between the films materials properties and the prior determined dielectric and insulating characteristics as a function of Mg doping. Non-textured polycrystalline films with a dense microstructure and abrupt film-Pt electrode interface were obtained after annealing at 750 degreesC for 30 min. Single phase solid solution films were achieved at Mg doping levels up to 5 mol%, while multiphased films were obtained for Mg doping levels of 20 mol%. Decreases in the films dielectric constant, dielectric loss, tunability and leakage current characteristics were paralleled by a reduction in grain size as a function of increasing Mg dopant concentration. Our results suggest that Mg doping serves to limit grain growth and is thereby responsible for lowering the dielectric constant from 450 to 205. It is suggested that Mg behaves as an acceptor-type dopant at the grain boundary and is responsible for the doped films low dielectric loss and good leakage current characteristics. Examination of the performance-property trade-offs advocates the 5-mol% Mg doped BST film to be an excellent choice for tunable microwave device applications. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP Cole, MW (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 25 TC 192 Z9 206 U1 0 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD OCT 3 PY 2000 VL 374 IS 1 BP 34 EP 41 DI 10.1016/S0040-6090(00)01059-2 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 368MU UT WOS:000090121800005 ER PT J AU Wei, Y Feng, QW Xu, JG Dong, H Qiu, KY Jansen, SA Yin, R Ong, KK AF Wei, Y Feng, QW Xu, JG Dong, H Qiu, KY Jansen, SA Yin, R Ong, KK TI Polymethacrylate-silica hybrid nanoporous materials: A bridge between inorganic and polymeric molecular sieves SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID SOL-GEL MATERIALS; MESOPOROUS SILICA; OXIDE; FILMS; PRECURSORS; TEMPLATES; CATALYSIS; COPOLYMER; SYSTEMS; GLASSES C1 Drexel Univ, Dept Chem, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Peking Univ, Dept Polymer Sci & Engn, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. Temple Univ, Dept Chem, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Wei, Y (reprint author), Drexel Univ, Dept Chem, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RI Wei, Yen/H-5329-2012 NR 37 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD OCT 2 PY 2000 VL 12 IS 19 BP 1448 EP 1450 DI 10.1002/1521-4095(200010)12:19<1448::AID-ADMA1448>3.3.CO;2-N PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 364JM UT WOS:000089889300016 ER PT J AU Pinnick, RG Pendleton, JD Videen, G AF Pinnick, RG Pendleton, JD Videen, G TI Response characteristics of the particle measuring systems active scattering aerosol spectrometer probes SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANALYTICAL ELECTRON-MICROSCOPE; LIGHT-SCATTERING; COUNTERS; PERFORMANCE; ASASP-100X; SIZES; LASER AB Predictions of the size response of various light-scattering aerosol counters manufactured by Particle Measuring Systems are reported. Models that exploit the high intensity of light available within the cavity of a He-Ne gas laser (generically referred to by the manufacturer as "active scattering aerosol spectrometer probes") are considered. The new response function properly averages over particle trajectories through nodes, antinodes, and intermediate regions of the intracavity laser beam. Our studies address probes having two basic scattering geometries: those that collect light scattered over a relatively narrow solid angle (subtending angles between 4 degrees and 22 degrees from the laser beam axis, as in the model ASASP-300 and ASASP-300X probes) and those that collect light over a rather large solid angle (between 35 degrees and 120 degrees, as in the ASASP-X, ASASP-100X, LAS-250X, LAS-X, and HS-LAS probes). The theoretical response predictions for both narrow-angle and wide-angle probes are compared to previous measurements of monodisperse test aerosols of polystyrene latex, dyoctylphthalate, nigrosin dye, and carbon black. The new response function predicts smoother dependence on particle size than the previous response function of Pinnick and Auvermann (1979) and is in better agreement with measurement. Response calculations for common atmospheric aerosol (water, sulfuric acid, ammonium sulfate, and black carbon) reveal the considerable sensitivity of the response to particle dielectric properties. Response functions for internal mixtures (black carbon inclusions in water droplets, quartz in sulfuric acid, carbon in ammonium sulfate, and metal in sulfuric acid) are somewhat different than those for homogeneous particles. Comparison of response calculations with the manufacturer's calibration reveal conditions for which the manufacturer's calibration is most appropriate and the potential for errors (as much as a factor of two in sizing) when it is blindly applied. Finally, response functions for multiline laser operation, as the manufacturer suggests might be appropriate for the HS-LAS and LAS-X probes, are nearly the same as for single-line lasing. These results should help the user of these instruments to more realistically interpret size distribution measurements. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Pinnick, RG (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 37 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 33 IS 4 BP 334 EP 352 DI 10.1080/02786820050121530 PG 19 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 352QT UT WOS:000089229900003 ER PT J AU Wain, HJ AF Wain, HJ TI Clinical assessment of malingering and deception. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL HYPNOSIS LA English DT Book Review C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Wain, HJ (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL HYPNOSIS PI CHICAGO PA 33 W GRAND AVE, STE 402, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0002-9157 J9 AM J CLIN HYPN JI Am. J. Clin. Hypn. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 43 IS 2 BP 163 EP 165 PG 3 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 357HE UT WOS:000089491800009 ER PT J AU Miller, MJ Hemenway, D Bell, NS Yore, M Amoroso, P AF Miller, MJ Hemenway, D Bell, NS Yore, M Amoroso, P TI Re: "Cigarette smoking and suicide: A prospective study of 300,000 male active-duty army soldiers" - Reply SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Harvard Injury Control Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Social Sectors Dev Strategies Inc, Natick, MA 01760 USA. USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Miller, MJ (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Harvard Injury Control Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RI miller, matthew/H-4624-2011 OI miller, matthew/0000-0002-3267-6510 NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT 1 PY 2000 VL 152 IS 7 BP 692 EP 692 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 358MA UT WOS:000089560800018 ER PT J AU Boman, BM Watson, P Fant, G Fields, JZ Matika, G AF Boman, BM Watson, P Fant, G Fields, JZ Matika, G TI Risk assessment model for HNPCC and for germline MLH1 & MSH2 mutations based on age-at-colorectal cancer (CRC) diagnosis. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Thomas Jefferson Univ, Div Med Oncol & Genet, Philadelphia, PA USA. Creighton Univ, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. CATX Inc, Gladwyne, PA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 67 IS 4 SU 2 MA 384 BP 83 EP 83 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 355TA UT WOS:000089400700385 ER PT J AU Gropman, AL Levin, SW Yao, L Lin, T Suchy, S Sabnis, S Hadley, D Nussbaum, RL AF Gropman, AL Levin, SW Yao, L Lin, T Suchy, S Sabnis, S Hadley, D Nussbaum, RL TI A novel mutation in exon 22 underlies a mild cognitive phenotype and atypical renal features in a patient with oculocerebral renal syndrome (OCRL). SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NHGRI, NIH, Neurogenet Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NICHHD, NIH, Heritable Disorders Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NIH, Lab Genet Dis Res, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 67 IS 4 SU 2 MA 654 BP 128 EP 128 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 355TA UT WOS:000089400700657 ER PT J AU Solis, G AF Solis, G TI Ungentlemanly acts: The army's notorious incest trial. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Solis, G (reprint author), US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TEMPLE UNIV SCHOOL LAW PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1719 NORTH BROAD STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19122 USA SN 0002-9319 J9 AM J LEGAL HIST JI Am. J. Legal Hist. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 44 IS 4 BP 471 EP 472 DI 10.2307/3113813 PG 2 WC Law SC Government & Law GA 720PE UT WOS:000185268500031 ER PT J AU Zang, LY Cosma, G Gardner, H Shi, XL Castranova, V Vallyathan, V AF Zang, LY Cosma, G Gardner, H Shi, XL Castranova, V Vallyathan, V TI Effect of antioxidant protection by p-coumaric acid on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol oxidation SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hydroxyl radical; lipid peroxidation; reactive oxygen species ID ELECTRON-SPIN-RESONANCE; HYDROXYL RADICALS; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; SINGLET OXYGEN; SUPEROXIDE; NONCYCLOOXYGENASE; PROSTANOIDS; GENERATION; KINETICS; PLASMA AB Mechanisms in which p-coumaric acid (CA) acts as an antioxidant are not well understood. This study investigated whether CA can act as a direct scavenger of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and whether it minimizes the oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Rats were administered CA in drinking water at low or high doses for 10, 21, and 30 days (uptakes were 29 and 317 mg/day, respectively). Blood levels of 8-epiprostaglandin F-2 alpha were monitored as a marker of LDL oxidation. Oral administration of CA (317 mg/day) for 30 days significantly inhibited LDL oxidation. CA also reduced LDL cholesterol levels in serum but had no effect on levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. In vitro studies that used electron spin resonance in combination with spin trapping techniques were used to determine the ability of CA to scavenge ROS and alter LDL oxidation. CA effectively scavenged . OH in a dose-dependent manner. IC50 and maximum velocity for CA scavenging of . OH were 4.72 mu M and 1.2 mu M/s, respectively, with a rate constant of 1.8 X 10(11) M-1.s(-1). Our studies suggest that the antioxidant properties of CA may involve the direct scavenging of ROS such as . OH. C1 NIOSH, Pathol & Physiol Res Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Environm Hlth, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USA, Ctr Environm Hlth Res, Ft Detrick, MD 21701 USA. RP Vallyathan, V (reprint author), NIOSH, Pathol & Physiol Res Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RI Shi, Xianglin/B-8588-2012 NR 32 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0363-6143 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-CELL PH JI Am. J. Physiol.-Cell Physiol. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 279 IS 4 BP C954 EP C960 PG 7 WC Cell Biology; Physiology SC Cell Biology; Physiology GA 356YR UT WOS:000089472200008 PM 11003575 ER PT J AU Coyne, MD Kesick, CM Doherty, TJ Kolka, MA Stephenson, LA AF Coyne, MD Kesick, CM Doherty, TJ Kolka, MA Stephenson, LA TI Circadian rhythm changes in core temperature over the menstrual cycle: method for noninvasive monitoring SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ovulation; cosinor analysis; body temperature regulation; temperature telemetry ID BLOOD-FLOW; WOMEN; PHASE; REPLACEMENT; EXERCISE AB The purpose of this study was to determine whether core temperature (T-c) telemetry could be used in ambulatory women to track changes in the circadian T-c rhythm during different phases of the menstrual cycle and, more specifically, to detect impending ovulation. T-c was measured in four women who ingested a series of disposable temperature sensors. Data were collected each minute for 2-7 days and analyzed in 36-h segments by automated cosinor analysis to determine the mesor (mean temperature), amplitude, period, acrophase (time of peak temperature), and predicted circadian minimum core temperature (Tc-min) for each cycle. The T-c mesor was higher (P less than or equal to 0.001) in the luteal (L) phase (37.39 +/- 0.13 degrees C) and lower in the preovulatory (P) phase (36.91 +/- 0.11 degrees C) compared with the follicular (F) phase (37.08 +/- 0.13 degrees C). The predicted Tc-min was also greater in L (37.06 +/- 0.14 degrees C) than in menses (M; 36.69 +/- 0.13 degrees C), F (36.6 +/- 0.16 degrees C), and P (36.38 +/- 0.08 degrees C) (P less than or equal to 0.0001). During P, the predicted Tc-min was significantly decreased compared with M and F (P less than or equal to 0.0001). The amplitude of the T-c rhythm was significantly reduced in L compared with all other phases (P less than or equal to 0.005). Neither the period nor acrophase was affected by menstrual cycle phase in ambulatory subjects. The use of an ingestible temperature sensor in conjunction with fast and accurate cosinor analysis provides a noninvasive method to mark menstrual phases, including the critical preovulatory period. C1 Wellesley Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Wellesley, MA 02481 USA. USA, Thermal & Mt Med Div, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. USA, Biophys & Biomed Modeling Div, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Coyne, MD (reprint author), Wellesley Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Wellesley, MA 02481 USA. NR 19 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0363-6119 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-REG I JI Am. J. Physiol.-Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 279 IS 4 BP R1316 EP R1320 PG 5 WC Physiology SC Physiology GA 357DN UT WOS:000089483400022 PM 11003999 ER PT J AU Howell, MR McKee, KT Gaydos, JC Quinn, TC Gaydos, CA AF Howell, MR McKee, KT Gaydos, JC Quinn, TC Gaydos, CA TI Point-of-entry screening for C-trachomatis in female army recruits - Who derives the cost savings? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Chlamydia trachomatis; costs and cost-analysis; cost-benefit analysis; military personnel; prevention, primary; mass screening; sexually transmitted diseases ID PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE; FAMILY-PLANNING CLINICS; LIGASE CHAIN-REACTION; CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS; INFECTIONS; WOMEN; URINE; TRENDS AB Background: Screening women fbr genital Chlamydia trachomatis at entry to military service provides an opportunity to reduce costs associated with sequelae of this infection. However, financial responsibility for screening may be debated. More than 50% of recruits return to civilian life within 2 years. The military and the civilian health care systems would both benefit from a screening program; Objective: To assess the cost-effectiveness and relative cost savings to the military and civilian health sectors of three screening strategies for U.S. Army female recruits for C. trachomatis using urine ligase chain reaction: screening all recruits, screening recruits aged less than or equal to 25 years, and no screening. Methods: We applied a decision analytic model. Cost factors included screening, lost military training, morbid pelvic inflammatory disease, and other sequelae. Using a 5-year analytic horizon, we conducted analyses from military and civilian perspectives. Results: Screening 10,000 female army recruits would cost $193,500 and prevent 282 cases of sequelae, with a projected savings of $53,325 to the military and $505,053 to the civilian sector. From a military perspective, screening women aged less than or equal to 25 years provided the highest cost savings. Screening all female recruits incurred an incremental cost of $1199 per sequela prevented. From a civilian perspective, screening all recruits offered the greatest cost savings. Conclusions: Screening female Army recruits for C. trachomatis offers substantial savings in health care costs for both the military and civilian health care systems. Relative financial benefit. derived from recruit screening is disproportionate; greatest cost savings are enjoyed by the civilian sector. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Div Infect Dis, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Womack Army Med Ctr, Ft Bragg, NC USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Def Global Emerging Infect Surveillance & Re, Silver Spring, MD USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD USA. NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Gaydos, CA (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Div Infect Dis, Ross Res Bldg,Room 1159,720 Rutland Ave, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RI Gaydos, Charlotte/E-9937-2010 NR 20 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 19 IS 3 BP 160 EP 166 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(00)00202-6 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 361ME UT WOS:000089726200004 PM 11020592 ER PT J AU Payne, BS Miller, AC AF Payne, BS Miller, AC TI Recruitment of Fusconaia ebena (Bivalvia : unionidae) in relation to discharge of the lower Ohio River SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID MUSSEL AB Demographically complete sampling of a large population of Fusconaia ebena (Lea) in a mainstream shoal in the lower Ohio River (LOR) from 1983 through 1998 revealed two extremely successful recruitment years-1981 and 1990. Dominance of the 1981 and 1990 cohorts allowed length-to-age relationships to be estimated directly from length-frequency histograms. Two linear relationships adequately described growth rates from age 2 through 17 y The first model applied to ages 2 through 10 y when annual growth averaged 6.1 mm. The second model applied to ages 10 through 17 y when annual growth averaged only 1.1 mm. A survivorship curve was based on density of the 1981 cohort from age 2 through 17 y. During that period a constant proportion (17%) of the cohort died each year. Only 9%, of the 1981 cohort alive in 1983 were still alive in 1998. ill both 1981 and 1990 rapid and large spring rises in LOR discharge were immediately followed by rapid and large declines. These rises coincided with the expected spawning peak of Alosa chrysochloris the only known fish host for F. ebena glochidia. The rapid return to low flow and depositional conditions was appropriately dined to enhance successful settlement of juvenile F. ebena after their parasitic stage on A. chrysochloris gills. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Payne, BS (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 27 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 144 IS 2 BP 328 EP 341 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2000)144[0328:ROFEBU]2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 370HY UT WOS:000165118500010 ER PT J AU Dinsmore, RC Harris, JA Gustafson, RJ AF Dinsmore, RC Harris, JA Gustafson, RJ TI Effect of fibrin glue on lymphatic drainage after modified radical mastectomy: A prospective randomized trial SO AMERICAN SURGEON LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 68th Annual Meeting of the Southeastern-Surgical-Congress CY FEB 05-08, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP SE Surg Congress ID NODE DISSECTION; AXILLARY AB Fibrin as a tissue sealant has been used since the turn of the century for hemostasis, The development of cryoprecipitate and the resultant availability of higher concentrations of fibrinogen have led to a resurgence of interest in this material. Fibrin glue has since been shown to be effective for numerous applications throughout the field of surgery. Animal studies have shown fibrin glue to be effective at reducing drain output after mastectomy, Human studies, however, have been equivocal. Our objectives were to determine whether the use of fibrin glue would decrease lymphatic drainage after modified radical mastectomy and subsequently reduce time to drain removal. A prospective randomized trial was conducted consisting of 27 women. All women received modified radical mastectomy, At the completion of the mastectomy they were randomized to receive either standard closure or the application of fibrin glue before standard closure, Patients were then monitored for daily drain output, time to drain removal, and wound complications. A total of 14 women received fibrin glue and 13 received no glue. Those patients receiving fibrin glue had a significantly higher average drain output than patients who did not receive glue (1308 vs 754 cm(3) P = 0.012). Time to drain removal was also increased by 4 days, although this did not reach statistical significance. The overall complication rate was higher for the fibrin glue group, although again, this did not reach significance. The application of fibrin glue significantly increased drain total drain output after modified radical mastectomy. Time to drain removal was increased as was the complication rate, On the basis of these data fibrin glue cannot be recommended for routine use in modified radical mastectomy. C1 Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Ft Gordon, GA USA. Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Ft Gordon, GA USA. RP Harris, JA (reprint author), Med Coll Georgia, Dept Surg, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. NR 8 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHEASTERN SURGICAL CONGRESS PI ATLANTA PA 141 WEST WIEUCA RD, STE B100, ATLANTA, GA 30342 USA SN 0003-1348 J9 AM SURGEON JI Am. Surg. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 66 IS 10 BP 982 EP 985 PG 4 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 360VC UT WOS:000089687200028 PM 11261630 ER PT J AU Ochoa, L Hurwitz, HI Wilding, G Cohen, D Thomas, JP Schwartz, G Monroe, P Petros, WP Ertel, VP Hsieh, A Hoffman, C Drengler, R Magnum, S Rowinsky, EK AF Ochoa, L Hurwitz, HI Wilding, G Cohen, D Thomas, JP Schwartz, G Monroe, P Petros, WP Ertel, VP Hsieh, A Hoffman, C Drengler, R Magnum, S Rowinsky, EK TI Pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of a combined oral formulation of eniluracil, an inactivator of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase, and 5-fluorouracil in patients with advanced solid malignancies SO ANNALS OF ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE 776C85; bioequivalence; dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase inhibitor; eniluracil; 5-fluorouracil; pharmacokinetics ID COLORECTAL-CANCER; FLUOROURACIL; CHEMOTHERAPY; POPULATION; 5-ETHYNYLURACIL; NEUROTOXICITY; MODULATION; 776C85 AB Background: This study was performed to evaluate the pharmacokinetics, bioequivalence, and feasibility of a combined oral formulation of 5-flurouracil (5-FU) and eniluracil (Glaxo Wellcome Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina), an inactivator of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD). The rationale for developing a combined eniluracil/5-FU formulation oral dosing form is to simplify treatment with these agents, which has been performed using separate dosing forms, and decrease the probability of severe toxicity and/or suboptimal therapeutic results caused by inadvertently high or conversely insufficient 5-FU dosing. Patients and methods: The trial was a randomized, three-way crossover bioequivalence study of three oral dosing forms of eniluracil/5-FU tablets in adults with solid malignancies. Each period consisted of two days of treatment and a five- to seven-day washout phase. Eniluracil at a dose of 20 mg, which results in maximal DPD inactivation, was administered twice daily on the first day and in the evening on the second day of each of the three treatments. On the morning of the second day, all patients received a total eniluracil dose of 20 mg orally and a total 5-FU dose of 2 mg orally as either separate tablets (treatment A) or combined eniluracil/5-FU tablets in two different strengths (2 tablets of eniluracil/5-FU at a strength (mg/mg) of 10/1 (treatment B) or 8 tablets at a strength of 2.5/0.25 (treatment C)). The pharmacokinetics of plasma 5-FU, eniluracil, and uracil, and the urinary excretion of eniluracil, 5-FU, uracil, and alpha -fluoro-beta -alanine (FBAL), were studied. To determine the bioequivalence of the combined eniluracil/5-FU dosing forms compared to the separate tablets, an analysis of variance on pharmacokinetic parameters reflecting eniluracil and 5-FU exposure was performed. Results: Thirty-nine patients with advanced solid malignancies had complete pharmacokinetic studies performed during treatments A, B, and C. The pharmacokinetics of eniluracil and 5-FU were similar among the three types of treatment. Both strengths of the combined eniluracil/5-FU dosing form and the separate dosing forms were bioequivalent. Mean values for terminal half-life, systemic clearance, and apparent volume of distribution for oral 5-FU during treatments A/B/C were 5.5/5.6/5.6 hours, 6.6/6.6/6.5 liters/hour, and 50.7/51.5/50.0 liters, respectively. The intersubject coefficient of variation for pharmacokinetic variables reflecting 5-FU exposure and clearance in treatments ranged from 23% to 33%. The urinary excretion of unchanged 5-FU over 24 hours following treatments A, B, and C averaged 52.2%, 56.1%, and 50.8% of the administered dose of 5-FU, respectively. Parameters reflecting DPD inhibition, including plasma uracil and urinary FBAL excretion following treatments A, B, and C were similar. Toxicity was generally mild and similar following all three types of treatments. Conclusions: The pharmacokinetics of 5-FU and eniluracil were similar and met bioequivalence criteria following treatment with the separate oral formulations of 5-FU and eniluracil and two strengths of the combined formulation. The availability of a combined eniluracil/5-FU oral dosing form will likely simplify dosing and decrease the probability of severe toxicity or suboptimal therapeutic results caused by an inadvertent 5-FU overdose or insufficient 5-FU dosing in the case of separate oral formulations, thereby enhancing the overall feasibility and therapeutic index of oral 5-FU therapy. C1 Canc Therapy & Res Ctr, Inst Drug Dev, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Glaxo Wellcome Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Rowinsky, EK (reprint author), Canc Therapy & Res Ctr, Inst Drug Dev, 8122 Datapoint Dr,Suite 700, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01 RR-30, RR03186, MO1 RR01346] NR 26 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0923-7534 J9 ANN ONCOL JI Ann. Oncol. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 11 IS 10 BP 1313 EP 1322 DI 10.1023/A:1008379802642 PG 10 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 370ZU UT WOS:000165153800020 PM 11106122 ER PT J AU Jones, LM Mair, EA Fitzpatrick, TM Lyon, RD Feuerstein, IM AF Jones, LM Mair, EA Fitzpatrick, TM Lyon, RD Feuerstein, IM TI Multidisciplinary airway stent team: A comprehensive approach and protocol for tracheobronchial stent treatment SO ANNALS OF OTOLOGY RHINOLOGY AND LARYNGOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the American-Broncho-Esophagological-Association CY APR 24-27, 1999 CL PALM DESERT, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Broncho Esophagol Assoc DE airway obstruction; bronchoscopy; stent ID EXPANDABLE METALLIC STENTS; SILICONE STENTS; OBSTRUCTION; MANAGEMENT; TRACHEOMALACIA; BRACHYTHERAPY; EXPERIENCE; STENOSIS; TRACHEAL; THERAPY AB Tracheobronchial stents are being used with increasing frequency to treat major airway obstruction from both malignant and benign processes. Traditionally, stents have been placed via rigid bronchoscopy, flexible bronchoscopy, or fluoroscopy by members of various individual disciplines. We describe a novel multidisciplinary airway stent team (MAST) protocol for tracheobronchial stent placement and endoscopic management of major airway obstruction. A patient with symptoms of airway obstruction is generally first evaluated with a computed tomography scan and a videotaped flexible bronchoscopy. These studies are reviewed by the team otolaryngologist, pulmonologist, and interventional radiologist. A treatment plan, including the type and location of stents and the need for adjuvant therapies, is formulated. Stent placement is performed in the operating room under general anesthesia. Rigid bronchoscopy, with flexible bronchoscopy and fluoroscopy as needed, allows precise stent placement and the best use of various therapeutic methods. The MAST protocol combines the skills, knowledge, and unique therapeutic options of specialists from otolaryngology, pulmonology, and interventional radiology. This approach allows optimal stent placement and the use of other endobronchial therapies, including laser ablation, balloon dilation, photodynamic therapy, cryotherapy, and brachytherapy. A protocol with representative case reports is presented, along with a review and comparison of several of our most commonly used stents. Otolaryngologists who practice bronchoesophagoscopy, by virtue of their operative skill and knowledge of airway management, are well equipped to become leaders of MASTs and are encouraged to initiate MASTs at their institutions. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Pulm Crit Care Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Radiol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Mair, EA (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg Serv, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 32 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ANNALS PUBL CO PI ST LOUIS PA 4507 LACLEDE AVE, ST LOUIS, MO 63108 USA SN 0003-4894 J9 ANN OTO RHINOL LARYN JI Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 109 IS 10 BP 889 EP 898 PN 1 PG 10 WC Otorhinolaryngology SC Otorhinolaryngology GA 363FP UT WOS:000089824700001 PM 11051428 ER PT J AU Cymerman, A Rock, PB Muza, SR Lyons, TP Fulco, CS Mazzeo, RS Butterfield, G Moore, LG AF Cymerman, A Rock, PB Muza, SR Lyons, TP Fulco, CS Mazzeo, RS Butterfield, G Moore, LG TI Intraocular pressure and acclimatization to 4300 M altitude SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE altitude; hypobaric hypoxia; acute mountain sickness; catecholamines; intraocular pressure ID ACUTE MOUNTAIN-SICKNESS; HYPOXIA; 4,300-M; EDEMA AB Background: Studies were conducted to determine the effect of altitude exposure on intraocular pressure (IOP) and any relationship with the severity of acute mountain sickness (AMS). Hypotheses: a) IOP is decreased during exposure to 4300 m altitude; b) there is a positive correlation between IOP and AMS; and c) there is a correlation between changes in urinary catecholamines and IOP. Methods: IOP (noncontact tonometry) was measured in 11 resting males during acute simulated altitude (446 mmHg, <2 h, hypobaric chamber), during altitude acclimatization (15 d at 4300 m), and in 6 of the 11 volunteers during re-exposure in the chamber after 8 d at sea level (Study A). In a second study (Study B) of 12 females, IOP (contact tonometry) and 24-h urinary catecholamines were measured during a 50-h chamber exposure (446 mmHg). AMS severity was assessed using the Environmental Symptoms Questionnaire (ESQ-C). Results: IOP decreased 25% after 2 d at altitude and returned toward sea level values by 15 d (Study A). IOP was reduced 13% after 5 h of exposure followed by return toward sea level values (Study B). Significant correlation was found between the sea level IOP. and ESQ-C (Study A); significant correlation was found between the reduction in IOP and the ESQ-C and urinary epinephrine concentrations (Study B). Conclusions: Altitude exposure resulted in a reduction in IOP that occurred within hours and recovered during acclimatization. This reduction may be related to increases in epinephrine concentration. Measurement of IOP before and during altitude exposure may provide an objective method of assessing an individual's response to hypoxic stress. C1 USA, Thermal & Mt Med Div, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Vet Adm Med Ctr, Ctr Geriatr Res Educ & Clin, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Kinesiol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Cardiovasc Pulm Res Lab, Denver, CO 80262 USA. RP Cymerman, A (reprint author), USA, Thermal & Mt Med Div, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 19 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 71 IS 10 BP 1045 EP 1050 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 356ZA UT WOS:000089473000009 PM 11051312 ER PT J AU Washington, WM Weatherly, JW Meehl, GA Semtner, AJ Bettge, TW Craig, AP Strand, WG Arblaster, J Wayland, VB James, R Zhang, Y AF Washington, WM Weatherly, JW Meehl, GA Semtner, AJ Bettge, TW Craig, AP Strand, WG Arblaster, J Wayland, VB James, R Zhang, Y TI Parallel climate model (PCM) control and transient simulations SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID SEA-ICE DYNAMICS; INCREASED ATMOSPHERIC CO2; OCEAN CIRCULATION MODELS; HIGH-RESOLUTION; SYSTEM-MODEL; PARAMETERIZATION; CCM3; SENSITIVITY; DESIGN AB The Department of Energy (DOE) supported Parallel Climate Model (PCM) makes use of the NCAR Community Climate Model (CCM3) and Land Surface Model (LSM) for the atmospheric and land surface components, respectively, the DOE Los Alamos National Laboratory Parallel Ocean Program (POP) for the ocean component, and the Naval Postgraduate School sea-ice model. The PCM executes on several distributed and shared memory computer systems. The coupling method is similar to that used in the NCAR Climate System Model (CSM) in that a flux coupler ties the components together, with interpolations between the different grids of the component models. Flute adjustments are not used in the PCM. The ocean component has 2/3 degrees average horizontal grid spacing with 32 vertical levels and a free surface that allows calculation of sea level changes. Near the equator, the grid spacing is approximately 1/2 degrees in latitude to better capture the ocean equatorial dynamics. The North Pole is rotated over northern North America thus producing resolution smaller than 3/3 degrees in the North Atlantic where the sinking part of the world conveyor circulation largely takes place. Because this ocean model component does not have a computational Feint at the North pole, the Arctic Ocean circulation systems are more realistic and similar to the observed. The elastic viscous plastic sea ice model has a grid spacing of 27 km to represent small-scale features such as ice transport through the Canadian Archipelago and the East Greenland current region. Results from a 300 year present-day coupled climate control simulation are presented, as well as for a transient 1% per year compound CO2 increase experiment which shows a global warming of 1.27 degreesC for a 10 year average at the doubling point of CO2 and 2.89 degreesC at the quadrupling point. There is a gradual warming beyond the doubling and quadrupling points with CO2 held constant. Globally averaged sea level rise at the time of CO2 control simulation are 1% per year transient 1% doubling is approximately 7 cm and at the time of quadrupling it is 23 cm. Some of the regional sea level changes are larger and reflect the adjustments in the temperature, salinity, internal ocean dynamics, surface heat flux, and wind stress on the ocean. A 0.5% per year CO2 increase experiment also was performed showing a global warming of 1.5 degreesC around the time of CO2 doubling and a similar warming pattern to the 1% CO2 per year increase experiment. El Nino and La Nina events in the tropical Pacific show approximately the observed frequency distribution and amplitude, which leads to near observed levels of variability on interannual time scales. C1 Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Washington, DC USA. RP Washington, WM (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, 1850 Table Mesa Dr, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RI Arblaster, Julie/C-1342-2010 OI Arblaster, Julie/0000-0002-4287-2363 NR 52 TC 459 Z9 470 U1 4 U2 31 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0930-7575 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 16 IS 10-11 BP 755 EP 774 DI 10.1007/s003820000079 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 368LD UT WOS:000090117700003 ER PT J AU Dixon, WC Bauch, TD AF Dixon, WC Bauch, TD TI Effects of theophylline on exercise indices in a patient with chronotropic incompetence SO CLINICAL CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chronotropic incompetence; sick sinus syndrome; theophylline ID SICK SINUS SYNDROME; ORAL THEOPHYLLINE; CONDUCTION; PACEMAKER; ADENOSINE AB Several investigators have documented the successful use of oral sustained-release theophylline in treating symptomatic bradycardia and sick sinus syndrome. This paper reports a case of chronotropic incompetence in which specific exercise indices, including the chronotropic response index, were used to measure the therapeutic efficacy of theophylline. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Serv Cardiol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Dixon, WC (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Serv Cardiol, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CLINICAL CARDIOLOGY PUBL CO PI MAHWAH PA PO BOX 832, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-0832 USA SN 0160-9289 J9 CLIN CARDIOL JI Clin. Cardiol. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 23 IS 10 BP 787 EP 789 PG 3 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 360FL UT WOS:000089655700018 PM 11061060 ER PT J AU Islinger, RB Kuklo, TR Owens, BD Horan, PJ Choma, TJ Murphey, MD Temple, HT AF Islinger, RB Kuklo, TR Owens, BD Horan, PJ Choma, TJ Murphey, MD Temple, HT TI Langerhans' cell histiocytosis in patients older than 21 years SO CLINICAL ORTHOPAEDICS AND RELATED RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ADULT; BONE AB In this retrospective review of 541 patients with Langerhans' cell histiocytosis, 211 (39%) patients were older than 21 years of age, whereas 330 (61%) were younger than 21 years of age. The adult patients had a mean age of 32 years (range, 21-69 years) with 159 (75%) men and 52 (25%) women, whereas the pediatric patients consisted of 176 (55%) boys and 144 (45%) girls, This male predominance in adults was statistically significant, Three adults had the Hand-Schuller-Christian variant, whereas the remaining adults (208) had eosinophilic granuloma, The rib accounted for 25% of the adult lesions and only 8% of the pediatric lesions. Spine involvement was less common in the adult group (3% versus 10%) and was predominantly thoracic. The adult patients had 40 (77%) diaphyseal lesions, 12 (23%) metaphyseal lesions, and no epiphyseal lesions, The pediatric patients had 75 (54%) diaphyseal, 59 (42%) metaphyseal, and five (4%) epiphyseal lesions. Radiographic evaluation revealed similar margin and matrix patterns in both groups, with a geographic lesion without sclerotic borders being the most common pattern. Langerhans' cell histiocytosis is considered a pediatric disease, However, this study showed a significant number (39%) of patients older than 21 years of age with this condition. C1 Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. RP Kuklo, TR (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Orthopaed Surg Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. OI Choma, Theodore/0000-0002-9194-8563 NR 15 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-921X J9 CLIN ORTHOP RELAT R JI Clin. Orthop. Rel. Res. PD OCT PY 2000 IS 379 BP 231 EP 235 PG 5 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 361TA UT WOS:000089738600028 PM 11039811 ER PT J AU Navaratnam, V Mansor, SM Sit, NW Grace, J Li, QG Olliaro, P AF Navaratnam, V Mansor, SM Sit, NW Grace, J Li, QG Olliaro, P TI Pharmacokinetics of artemisinin-type compounds SO CLINICAL PHARMACOKINETICS LA English DT Review ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; UNCOMPLICATED FALCIPARUM-MALARIA; HEALTHY VIETNAMESE SUBJECTS; HUMAN LIVER-MICROSOMES; REDUCTIVE ELECTROCHEMICAL DETECTION; MULTIPLE-DOSE PHARMACOKINETICS; INTRAMUSCULAR ARTEMETHER; ARTESUNIC ACID; ANTIMALARIAL ARTEETHER; ARTELINIC ACID AB Various compounds of the artemisinin family are currently used for the treatment of patients with malaria worldwide. They are characterised by a short half-life and feature the most rapidly acting antimalarial drugs to date. They are increasingly being used, often in combination with other drugs, although our knowledge of their main pharmacological features (including their absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion) is still incomplete. Such data are particularly important in the case of combinations. Artemisinin derivatives are converted primarily, but to different extents, to the bioactive metabolite artenimol after either parenteral or gastrointestinal administration. The rate of conversion is lowest for artelinic acid (designed to protect the molecule against metabolism) and highest for the water-soluble artesunate, The absolute and relative bioavailability of these compounds has been established in animals, but not in humans, with the exception of artesunate. Oral bioavailability in animals ranges, approximately, between 19 and 35%. A first-pass effect is highly probably fur all compounds when administered orally. Artemisinin compounds bind selectively to malaria-infected erythrocytes to yet unidentified targets. They also bind modestly to human plasma proteins, ranging from 43% for artenimol to 81.5% for artelinic acid. Their mode of action is still not completely understood, although different theories have been proposed. The lipid-soluble artemether and artemotil are released slowly when administered intramuscularly because of the 'depot' effect related to the oil formulation. Understanding the pharmacokinetic profile of these 2 drugs helps us to explain the characteristics of the toxicity and neurotoxicity. The water-soluble artesunate is rapidly converted to artenimol at rates that vary with the route of administration, but the processes need to be characterised further, including the relative contribution of pH and enzymes in tissues, blood and liver. This paper intends to summarise contemporary knowledge of the pharmacokinetics of this class of compounds and highlight areas that need further research. C1 WHO, UNDP World Bank, WHO Special Programme Res & Training Trop Dis, CDS Cluster, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Univ Sains Malaysia, Ctr Drug Res, Penang, Malaysia. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Olliaro, P (reprint author), WHO, UNDP World Bank, WHO Special Programme Res & Training Trop Dis, CDS Cluster, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. NR 122 TC 111 Z9 116 U1 3 U2 42 PU ADIS INTERNATIONAL LTD PI AUCKLAND PA 41 CENTORIAN DR, PRIVATE BAG 65901, MAIRANGI BAY, AUCKLAND 10, NEW ZEALAND SN 0312-5963 J9 CLIN PHARMACOKINET JI Clin. Pharmacokinet. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 39 IS 4 BP 255 EP 270 DI 10.2165/00003088-200039040-00002 PG 16 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 368KZ UT WOS:000090117300002 PM 11069212 ER PT J AU Brown, G Fisher, M Stoll, N Beeksma, D Black, M Taylor, R Yon, CS Williams, AJ Bryant, W Jansen, BJ AF Brown, G Fisher, M Stoll, N Beeksma, D Black, M Taylor, R Yon, CS Williams, AJ Bryant, W Jansen, BJ TI Using the lessons of Y2K to improve information systems architecture SO COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM LA English DT Article C1 Mitre Corp, Mitre Pacific Operat, Bedford, MA 01730 USA. Titan Corp, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. USA, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Brown, G (reprint author), Mitre Corp, Mitre Pacific Operat, Bedford, MA 01730 USA. OI Jansen, Bernard/0000-0002-6468-6609 NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036 USA SN 0001-0782 J9 COMMUN ACM JI Commun. ACM PD OCT PY 2000 VL 43 IS 10 BP 90 EP 97 DI 10.1145/352183.352210 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 358PJ UT WOS:000089566200020 ER PT J AU Zeng, JC Bauer, JJ Mun, SK AF Zeng, JC Bauer, JJ Mun, SK TI Modeling and mapping of prostate cancer SO COMPUTERS & GRAPHICS-UK LA English DT Article DE 3D reconstruction of prostate specimens; elastic modeling of surface deformation; 3D spatial distribution of prostate cancer; optimization of prostate needle biopsy ID CORE BIOPSIES; RECONSTRUCTION; SIMULATION; VOLUME; CARCINOMA AB Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers for men. Biopsy of the prostate is carried out following protocols that designate locations and number of needles for tissue sampling as prostate cancer mostly does not show up in the ultrasound images ol other modalities. Current protocols for prostate biopsy, however, were created largely based on qualitative clinical experiences and pathological data. They are thus sub-optimal in terms of rate of cancer detection. In fact, the most commonly used protocol (the sextant biopsy) has only about a 30% rate of cancer detection. This leads to more frequent repeat biopsies and potentially runs the risk of not detecting a significant cancer in early stage. In this paper, we aim at improving the performance of prostate needle biopsy by modeling and mapping prostate cancer using real prostate: specimens. Surface models of the prostate are reconstructed using deformable modeling techniques. A 3D visualization system is developed to simulate the process of prostate needle biopsy. A 3D distribution map of prostate cancer is built and used to develop optimal biopsy protocols. The 3D map can later be superimposed to online ultrasound images to guide biopsy process of real patients. Experimental results are also provided. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Imaging Sci & Informat Syst Ctr, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Serv Urol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Zeng, JC (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Imaging Sci & Informat Syst Ctr, 2115 Wisconsin Ave NW,Suite 603, Washington, DC 20007 USA. NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0097-8493 J9 COMPUT GRAPH-UK JI Comput. Graph.-UK PD OCT PY 2000 VL 24 IS 5 BP 683 EP 694 DI 10.1016/S0097-8493(00)00071-6 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 372VR UT WOS:000165255200004 ER PT J AU Hisley, D Agrawal, G Satya-narayana, P Pollock, L AF Hisley, D Agrawal, G Satya-narayana, P Pollock, L TI Porting and performance evaluation of irregular codes using OpenMP SO CONCURRENCY-PRACTICE AND EXPERIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st European Workshop on OpenMP (EWOMP'99) CY SEP 30-OCT 01, 1999 CL LUND, SWEDEN DE OpenMP; irregular applications; Origin 2000; scalability studies; cache performance ID DISTRIBUTED-MEMORY MACHINES; EXECUTION; PROGRAMS; SUPPORT; DESIGN; LOOPS AB In the last two years, OpenMP has been gaining popularity as a standard for developing portable shared memory parallel programs. With the improvements in centralized shared memory technologies and the emergence of distributed shared memory (DSM) architectures, several medium-to-large physical and logical shared memory configurations are now available. Thus, OpenMP stands to be a promising medium for developing scalable and portable parallel programs. In this paper, we focus on evaluating the suitability of OpenMP for developing scalable and portable irregular applications. We examine the programming paradigms supported by OpenMP that are suitable for this important class of applications, the performance and scalability achieved with these applications, the achieved locality and uniprocessor cache performance and the factors behind imperfect scalability, We have used two irregular applications and one NAS irregular code as the benchmarks for our study. Our experiments have been conducted on a 64-processor SGI Origin 2000, Our experiments show that reasonably good scalability is possible using OpenMP if careful attention is paid to locality and load balancing issues. Particularly, using the Single Program Multiple Data (SPMD) paradigm for programming is a significant win over just using loop parallelization directives. As expected, the cost of remote accesses is the major factor behind imperfect speedups of SPMD OpenMP programs. Copyright (C) 2000 John Whey & Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Delaware, CIS Dept, Newark, DE 19716 USA. USA, Res Lab, APG, HPC Div, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Agrawal, G (reprint author), Univ Delaware, CIS Dept, Newark, DE 19716 USA. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 1040-3108 J9 CONCURRENCY-PRACT EX JI Concurrency-Pract. Exp. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 12 IS 12 BP 1241 EP 1259 DI 10.1002/1096-9128(200010)12:12<1241::AID-CPE523>3.0.CO;2-D PG 19 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 380KU UT WOS:000165701700011 ER PT J AU Elston, DM Aydelotte, J AF Elston, DM Aydelotte, J TI What's eating you? Amblyomma ticks (Amblyomma americanum) SO CUTIS LA English DT Article ID EHRLICHIA-CHAFFEENSIS C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol MCHE DD, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78148 USA. RP Elston, DM (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol MCHE DD, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78148 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 650 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0011-4162 J9 CUTIS JI Cutis PD OCT PY 2000 VL 66 IS 4 BP 240 EP 246 PG 7 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 364KK UT WOS:000089891400002 PM 11109142 ER PT J AU Eston, DM AF Eston, DM TI Photo quiz - What is your diagnosis? The diagnosis: Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome SO CUTIS LA English DT Article ID ADULT C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol MCHE DD, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78148 USA. RP Eston, DM (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol MCHE DD, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78148 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 650 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0011-4162 J9 CUTIS JI Cutis PD OCT PY 2000 VL 66 IS 4 BP 249 EP + PG 3 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 364KK UT WOS:000089891400004 ER PT J AU Bundy, ML AF Bundy, ML TI Effect of propellant combustion on sapphire SO DEFENCE SCIENCE JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Sapphire (Al2O3) is the window material of choice for laser beam transmission into the combustion chamber of laser-ignited guns. To evaluate the long-term effects of propellant combustion on anAl(2)O(3) laser window, it is important to know the window temperature during firing. This paper presents temperature data on an Al2O3 sample located in the breech face of the gun where the laser window would be in a laser-ignited 155 mm (M199) cannon. Al2O3 sample is a substrate material of a commercially sold thin-film thermocouple, and is therefore thermally, if not optically, representative of an actual Al2O3 laser window. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Bundy, ML (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DEFENCE SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION DOCUMENTATION CENTRE PI DELHI PA METCALFE HOUSE, DELHI 110054, INDIA SN 0011-748X J9 DEFENCE SCI J JI Def. Sci. J. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 50 IS 4 BP 393 EP 400 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 371FD UT WOS:000165167100006 ER PT J AU Albertini, JG Farley, MF Czarnik, KL AF Albertini, JG Farley, MF Czarnik, KL TI Goat lab as alternative or adjunct to pig head model for practice cutaneous surgery SO DERMATOLOGIC SURGERY LA English DT Letter C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Albertini, JG (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 1076-0512 J9 DERMATOL SURG JI Dermatol. Surg. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 26 IS 10 BP 980 EP 981 DI 10.1046/j.1524-4725.2000.026010980.x PG 2 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 362RA UT WOS:000089791000023 PM 11050512 ER PT J AU Albertini, JG AF Albertini, JG TI Regarding the modified Burow's wedge flap for upper lateral lip defects SO DERMATOLOGIC SURGERY LA English DT Letter C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Albertini, JG (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 1076-0512 J9 DERMATOL SURG JI Dermatol. Surg. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 26 IS 10 BP 981 EP 982 DI 10.1046/j.1524-4725.2000.026010981.x PG 2 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 362RA UT WOS:000089791000024 PM 11050513 ER PT J AU Kim, DH Botte, MJ Rooney, RC Parr, RR AF Kim, DH Botte, MJ Rooney, RC Parr, RR TI Screw length selection in distal meataphyseal fibula fixation SO FOOT & ANKLE INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, MCHK DSO, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Kim, DH (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, MCHK DSO, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1071-1007 J9 FOOT ANKLE INT JI Foot Ankle Int. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 21 IS 10 BP 870 EP 871 PG 2 WC Orthopedics SC Orthopedics GA 367DQ UT WOS:000090046800015 PM 11128022 ER PT J AU Achur, RN Valiyaveettil, M Alkhalil, A Ockenhouse, CF Gowda, CD AF Achur, RN Valiyaveettil, M Alkhalil, A Ockenhouse, CF Gowda, CD TI Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan-mediated adherence of plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes to human placenta SO GLYCOBIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Immunol, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0959-6658 J9 GLYCOBIOLOGY JI Glycobiology PD OCT PY 2000 VL 10 IS 10 MA 166 BP 1122 EP 1122 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 360JN UT WOS:000089664300178 ER PT J AU Farley, JH Nycum, LR Birrer, MJ Park, RC Taylor, RR AF Farley, JH Nycum, LR Birrer, MJ Park, RC Taylor, RR TI Age-specific survival of women with endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the uterus SO GYNECOLOGIC ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 30th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Gynecologic-Oncologists CY MAR 20-24, 1999 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Soc Gynecol Oncologists DE age; survival; endometrial; cancer ID PREMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; CARCINOMA; YOUNGER; HYPERPLASIA; PROGESTIN; CANCER AB Objective. The purpose of this paper was to evaluate the age-specific survival for women diagnosed with endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the uterus. Methods. A retrospective analysis was conducted of 328 patients diagnosed with endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the uterus between January 1990 and December 1997. Patients were followed for 3 to 96 months with a mean of 43 months. The impact of age on survival was assessed using Col proportional hazard regression and multivariate analysis for age, stage, and grade. Stage and grade were analyzed using log-rank tests, and survival curves were generated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Results. A total of 328 patients were evaluated. Multivariate analysis revealed age, stage, and grade were all significant independent predictors of survival (P < 0.0001). Age-specific survival varied from a high of 90% at age 40 to a low of 55% at age 80. interval age-specific survival decreased below 86% at age 50. Subset analysis of patients younger than 50 compared with older patients revealed no difference in surgical stage or grade of tumors among these patients. Patients older than 50, however, were 41% more likely to receive adjuvant radiation therapy. Conclusion. Age is a specific, significant predictor of outcome in endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the uterus. Survival decreases significantly in patients older than 50. This decreased survival associated with age is unrelated to surgical stage or grade of adenocarcinoma, Decreased survival could involve molecular differences in the developing endometrial cancer or an increased risk of death from other non-cancer-related factors, (C) 2000 Academic Press. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Gynecol Oncol, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NCI, Div Clin Sci, Med Branch, Cell & Canc Biol Dept, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Gynecol Oncol Grp, Philadelphia, PA USA. St Barnabas Med Ctr, Livingston, NJ 07039 USA. RP Farley, JH (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Gynecol Oncol, 1 Jarrett White Rd TAMC, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 23 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0090-8258 J9 GYNECOL ONCOL JI Gynecol. Oncol. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 79 IS 1 BP 86 EP 89 DI 10.1006/gyno.2000.5934 PG 4 WC Oncology; Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Oncology; Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 361FP UT WOS:000089712700018 PM 11006037 ER PT J AU Sjogren, MH Wu, G Herrine, SK Raufman, JP Bacon, BR Epstein, M Medoff, J Chen, S Waters, B Krawitt, E Sjogren, RW Herrera, J AF Sjogren, MH Wu, G Herrine, SK Raufman, JP Bacon, BR Epstein, M Medoff, J Chen, S Waters, B Krawitt, E Sjogren, RW Herrera, J TI High-dose interferon alfacon-1 is a treatment option for non-responders and relapsers to combined therapy with interferon and ribavirin. SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Univ Connecticut, Farmington, CT USA. Thomas Jefferson Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. Univ Arkansas, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. St Louis Univ, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. Medatlantic Invest, Annapolis, MD USA. Medoff Med, Greensboro, NC USA. Lancaster Gastroenterol Assoc, Lancaster, PA USA. Univ Tennessee, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. Fletcher Allen Hlth Care, Burlington, VT USA. Kaiser Permanente, Falls Church, VA USA. S Alabama Med Sci Fdn, Mobile, AL USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 2000 VL 32 IS 4 MA 760 BP 352A EP 352A PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 359PZ UT WOS:000089622400756 ER PT J AU Lawitz, EJ Kadakia, SC Cantu, NS Nader, P Diamond, K Ganeshappa, KP Cox, J Reddy, G Nguyen, T Lindner, M Fixelle, AM Goodpasture, H AF Lawitz, EJ Kadakia, SC Cantu, NS Nader, P Diamond, K Ganeshappa, KP Cox, J Reddy, G Nguyen, T Lindner, M Fixelle, AM Goodpasture, H TI A multi-center trial using daily induction dose interferon alpha 2b plus ribavirin followed by daily interferon alpha 2b+ribavirin in patients with chronic hepatitis C who are treatment naive. SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 2000 VL 32 IS 4 MA 1585 BP 556A EP 556A PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 359PZ UT WOS:000089622401570 ER PT J AU Lawitz, EJ Kadakia, SC Cantu, NS Jeffries, MA Schutz, SM Sheinbaum, A Torivara, N Jolley, JJ Matossian, H Moulis, H Glombicki, AP Galen, E AF Lawitz, EJ Kadakia, SC Cantu, NS Jeffries, MA Schutz, SM Sheinbaum, A Torivara, N Jolley, JJ Matossian, H Moulis, H Glombicki, AP Galen, E TI A multi-center randomized trial comparing daily induction dose interferon alpha 2b plus ribavirin followed by daily combination therapy versus standard combination therapy in treatment naive patients with chronic hepatitis C. SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Travis Air Force Base, Fairfield, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 2000 VL 32 IS 4 MA 1587 BP 556A EP 556A PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 359PZ UT WOS:000089622401571 ER PT J AU Lawitz, EJ Kadakia, SC Cantu, NS Nader, P Diamond, K Ganeshappa, KP Mehta, SN Reddy, G Nguyen, T Lindner, M Fixelle, AM Goodpasture, H AF Lawitz, EJ Kadakia, SC Cantu, NS Nader, P Diamond, K Ganeshappa, KP Mehta, SN Reddy, G Nguyen, T Lindner, M Fixelle, AM Goodpasture, H TI A multi-center trial using daily induction dose interferon alpha 2b plus ribavirin followed by daily interferon alpha 2b+ribavirin in patients with chronic hepatitis C who have previously failed an interferon based therapy. SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 2000 VL 32 IS 4 MA 1597 BP 559A EP 559A PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 359PZ UT WOS:000089622401582 ER PT J AU Wong, PWK Lawitz, EJ Cantu, NS Kadakia, SC AF Wong, PWK Lawitz, EJ Cantu, NS Kadakia, SC TI Clinical depression in chronic hepatitis c (HCV) patients receiving two different interferon alfa-2b ribavirin combination (Rebetron) regimens. SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 2000 VL 32 IS 4 MA 1606 BP 561A EP 561A PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 359PZ UT WOS:000089622401592 ER PT J AU Hande, P Tong, L Swami, A AF Hande, P Tong, L Swami, A TI Flat fading approximation error SO IEEE COMMUNICATIONS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE coherence bandwidth; flat-fading; frequency-selective fading; multipath AB Flat fading approximation assumes that the system bandwidth is small compared to the coherence bandwidth, An upper bound is derived for an approximation to the error involved in flat fading approximation thereby giving us a measure of the degradation, The bound is found to vary as the square of the system bandwidth to coherence bandwidth ratio. C1 Cornell Univ, Sch Elect Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Hande, P (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Sch Elect Engn, Phillips Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1089-7798 J9 IEEE COMMUN LETT JI IEEE Commun. Lett. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 4 IS 10 BP 310 EP 311 DI 10.1109/4234.880818 PG 2 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA 368XA UT WOS:000090141700004 ER PT J AU Venkatraman, M Kwon, H Nasrabadi, NM AF Venkatraman, M Kwon, H Nasrabadi, NM TI Object-based SAR image compression using vector quantization SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article AB A simple and elegant algorithm is presented to encode images with rich content, which allows easy access to various objects, An object-plane-based encoding method for compression of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery is developed, with different object planes for target classes and background, A variable-rate residual vector quantization (VQ) algorithm is developed to encode the background information. This algorithm is very powerful as indicated by the experimental results. The proposed coding scheme allows compression matched to the final application of the images, which in this case is target recognition and classification. C1 Berkeley Concept Res Corp, Berkeley, CA USA. USA, Res Lab, AMSRL SE SE, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Berkeley Concept Res Corp, Berkeley, CA USA. EM nnasraba@arl.mil NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9251 EI 1557-9603 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 36 IS 4 BP 1036 EP 1046 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 386TU UT WOS:000166078300002 ER PT J AU Han, CC Hou, CJ Tsoi, KS Ho, S AF Han, CC Hou, CJ Tsoi, KS Ho, S TI Dynamic establishment and termination of real-time message streams in dual-bus networks SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTERS LA English DT Article DE dual-bus networks; (C, D)-smooth message model; message stream setup and tear-down; temporal QoS guarantee; distance constraint AB Several medium access control (MAC) schemes have been developed for dual-bus networks such as DQDB [8], Fasnet [10], CRMA [12], and Simple [9]. However, how to guarantee the timely delivery of isochronous (real-time) messages with hard deadline constraints is one of the open issues yet to be solved. In [5], we laid a formal basis for allocating prearbitrated slots to isochronous message streams in dual-bus networks and devised a slot allocation scheme to statically establish a set of isochronous message streams at system initialization. In this paper, we complement our work in [5] and propose, with the necessary theoretical base established, a dynamic message stream setup and tear-down scheme for dual-bus networks. The resulting channel establishment and termination procedures are simple and can be easily implemented in dual-bus networks. C1 Creosys Inc, Gremont, CA 94539 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USA, Informat & Technol Directorate, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Han, CC (reprint author), Creosys Inc, Gremont, CA 94539 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0018-9340 J9 IEEE T COMPUT JI IEEE Trans. Comput. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 49 IS 10 BP 1110 EP 1119 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 367KT UT WOS:000090060800010 ER PT J AU Phillips, PJ Moon, H Rizvi, SA Rauss, PJ AF Phillips, PJ Moon, H Rizvi, SA Rauss, PJ TI The FERET evaluation methodology for face-recognition algorithms SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PATTERN ANALYSIS AND MACHINE INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Article DE face recognition; algorithm evaluation; FERET database AB Two of the most critical requirements in support of producing reliable face-recognition systems are a large database of facial images and a testing procedure to evaluate systems. The Face Recognition Technology (FERET) program has addressed both issues through the FERET database of facial images and the establishment of the FERET tests. To date, 14,126 images from 1,199 individuals are included in the FERET database, which is divided into development and sequestered portions of the database. In September 1996, the FERET program administered the third in a series of FERET face-recognition tests. The primary objectives of the third test were to 1) assess the slate of the art, 2) identify future areas of research, and 3) measure algorithm performance. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Lau Technol, Littleton, MA 01460 USA. CUNY Coll Staten Isl, Dept Engn Sci & Phys, Staten Isl, NY 10314 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,STOP 8940, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jonathon@nist.gov; hm@lautechnologies.com; rizvi@wagner.csi.cuny.edu; rauss@erim-it.com RI Rauss, Patrick/A-3029-2011 NR 16 TC 2169 Z9 2313 U1 14 U2 108 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0162-8828 EI 1939-3539 J9 IEEE T PATTERN ANAL JI IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 22 IS 10 BP 1090 EP 1104 DI 10.1109/34.879790 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 369LQ UT WOS:000165067100003 ER PT J AU Schneider, S Podlesak, TF AF Schneider, S Podlesak, TF TI Reverse switching dynistor pulsers SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE di/dt; dynistor; gating; pulser AB A unique type of thyristor, the reverse switching dynistor (RSD), has been studied in specially designed pulsers to evaluate their performance for several high-power applications. The dynistor is an asymmetric thyristor with an alternating p(+) and n(+) structure in its anode. The device operates like a transistor during turn-on and generates a uniform plasma distribution enabling fast turn-on. This reduces commutation dissipation and permits high di/dt operation to be achieved. An 80-mm diameter device was evaluated in a pulser using a 0.5 ms full-width at half maximum (FWHM), 10-m Omega pulse-forming network (PFN) with a matched toad. Operation was demonstrated at 177 kA and a di/dt of 2.8 kA/mus. These tests were performed using a stack of two RSDs in series with a diode to protect against voltage reversal, The devices were triggered by a common driver, The driver unit must be capable of holding off the PFN voltage and generating a high-voltage reverse pulse for turn-on. A saturable reactor is required to isolate the main discharge circuit for a period of 2 mus. This technique can be extended to many devices in series, thus, enabling a high-voltage switch to be built using a single driver. Results with two dynistor pulsers are also discussed. C1 Red Bank, Red Bank, NJ 07701 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Schneider, S (reprint author), Red Bank, Red Bank, NJ 07701 USA. NR 5 TC 13 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 28 IS 5 BP 1520 EP 1523 DI 10.1109/27.901225 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 402WK UT WOS:000167011000038 ER PT J AU Podlesak, TF Schneider, S Simon, FM AF Podlesak, TF Schneider, S Simon, FM TI Single shot and burst repetitive operation of involute gate 125 mm symmetric thyristors up to 221 kA with a di/dt of 2.0 kA/mu s SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE di/dt; involute gate; thermal effect; thyristor AB An involute gate design 125-mm thyristor has been developed that provides a significant increase in ability to handle higher peak currents and di/dt's, All tests were performed with a 2.5-kV thyristor, using an essentially shorted road in order to achieve 200-kA operation and to apply a full voltage reversal in less than 3 mus. Reliable operation was demonstrated at 2.6-kV forward voltage with a reverse voltage of 2.3 kV, The peak current was 203 kA with a pulse width of 465 mus (FMHM) and a di/dt of 1.8 kA/mus. The charge was 82 C, and the action was 13.8 MA(2)s. The reverse charge was 0.19 C, The PFN was modified to reduce the impedance and simulate a sinusoidal pulse in excess of 1 kHz, Reliable operation was obtained at 221 kA with a di/dt at 2.0 kA/mus. The pulse width (FWHM) was 301 mus with a base width of 455 mus. Forward voltage was 2.4 kV with a reverse voltage of 2.3 kV, The forward charge, reverse charge and action were 63 C, 0.51 C, and 10.9 MA(2)s. respectively, Reliable repetitive operation was performed at 151 kA with a burst of 10 pulses at a 3 ppm repetition rate. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Podlesak, TF (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 3 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 28 IS 5 BP 1528 EP 1532 DI 10.1109/27.901227 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 402WK UT WOS:000167011000040 ER PT J AU Okenu, DMN Riley, EM Bickle, QD Agomo, PU Barbosa, A Daugherty, JR Lanar, DE Conway, DJ AF Okenu, DMN Riley, EM Bickle, QD Agomo, PU Barbosa, A Daugherty, JR Lanar, DE Conway, DJ TI Analysis of human antibodies to erythrocyte binding antigen 175 of Plasmodium falciparum SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID MEROZOITE SURFACE PROTEIN-1; MALARIA PARASITES; RECEPTOR HETEROGENEITY; CLINICAL IMMUNITY; GLYCOPHORIN-B; BLOOD STAGES; INVASION; RECOGNITION; PATHWAYS; EBA-175 AB Invasion of human erythrocytes by Plasmodium falciparum merozoites is a multistep process, For many strains of the parasite, part of this process requires that the erythrocyte binding antigen 175 (EBA-175) of the merozoite binds to sialic acid residues of glycophorin A on the erythrocyte surface, a receptor-ligand interaction which represents a potential target for inhibition by antibodies. This study characterizes the reactivity of naturally acquired human antibodies with four recombinant proteins representing parts of EBA-175 (region II, regions III to V, and the dimorphic C and F segment region) in populations in which the organism is endemic, Serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) recognizing the recombinant proteins is predominantly of the IgG1 and IgG3 subclasses, and its prevalence increases with age. In a large population study in The Gambia, serum positivity for IgG or IgG1 and IgG3 subclass antibodies to each of the EBA-175 recombinant antigens was not significantly associated with subsequent protection from clinical malaria. However, there was a trend indicating that individuals with high Levels of IgG to region II may have some protection. C1 Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Infect & Trop Dis, London WC1E 7HT, England. Natl Inst Med Res, Div Biochem, Lagos, Nigeria. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Immunol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Conway, DJ (reprint author), Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Infect & Trop Dis, Keppel St, London WC1E 7HT, England. RI Lanar, David/B-3560-2011; Riley, Eleanor/C-8960-2013; OI Riley, Eleanor/0000-0003-3447-3570; Barbosa, Arnoldo/0000-0001-8652-7396; Conway, David/0000-0002-8711-3037 NR 36 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 68 IS 10 BP 5559 EP 5566 DI 10.1128/IAI.68.10.5559-5566.2000 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 355QE UT WOS:000089395700013 PM 10992454 ER PT J AU Weiss, R Leitner, WW Scheiblhofer, S Chen, DF Bernhaupt, A Mostbock, S Thalhamer, J Lyon, JA AF Weiss, R Leitner, WW Scheiblhofer, S Chen, DF Bernhaupt, A Mostbock, S Thalhamer, J Lyon, JA TI Genetic vaccination against malaria infection by intradermal and epidermal injections of a plasmid containing the gene encoding the Plasmodium berghei circumsporozoite protein SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID DNA IMMUNIZATION; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; INTERFERON-GAMMA; SURFACE-ANTIGEN; T-LYMPHOCYTES; CPG MOTIFS; ANTIBODY; INDUCTION; VACCINES AB The circumsporozoite protein (CSP) from the surface of sporozoite stage Plasmodium sp. malaria parasites is among the most important of the malaria vaccine candidates. Gene gun injection of genetic vaccines encoding Plasmodium berghei CSP induces a significant protective effect against sporozoite challenge; however, intramuscular injection does not. In the present study we compared the immune responses and protective effects induced by P. berghei CSP genetic vaccines delivered intradermally with a needle or epidermally with a gene gun. Mice were immunized three times at 4-week intervals and challenged by a single infectious mosquito bite. Although 50 times more DNA was administered by needle than by gene gun, the latter method induced significantly greater protection against infection. Intradermal injection of the CSP genetic vaccine induced a strong Th1-type immune response characterized by a dominant CSP-specific immunoglobulin G2a (IgG2a) humoral response and high levels of gamma interferon produced by splenic T cells. Gene gun injection induced a predominantly Th2-type immune response characterized by a high IgG1/IgG2a ratio and significant IgE production. Neither method generated measurable cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity. The results indicate that a gene gun-mediated CS-specific Th2-type response may be best for protecting against malarial sporozoite infection when the route of parasite entry is via mosquito bite. C1 Salzburg Univ, Inst Chem & Biochem, Immunol Grp, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Immunol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Thalhamer, J (reprint author), Salzburg Univ, Inst Chem & Biochem, Immunol Grp, Hellbrunnerstr 34, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria. RI Leitner, Wolfgang/F-5741-2011; Weiss, Richard/N-7279-2013; Thalhamer, Josef/E-5787-2011 OI Leitner, Wolfgang/0000-0003-3125-5922; Weiss, Richard/0000-0003-3185-7253; Thalhamer, Josef/0000-0003-2285-6400 NR 36 TC 47 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 68 IS 10 BP 5914 EP 5919 DI 10.1128/IAI.68.10.5914-5919.2000 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 355QE UT WOS:000089395700061 PM 10992502 ER PT J AU Martinez-Lacaci, I Kannan, S De Santis, M Bianco, C Kim, N Wallace-Jones, B Ebert, AD Wechselberger, C Salomon, DS AF Martinez-Lacaci, I Kannan, S De Santis, M Bianco, C Kim, N Wallace-Jones, B Ebert, AD Wechselberger, C Salomon, DS TI Ras transformation causes sustained activation of epidermal growth factor receptor and elevation of mitogen-activated protein kinase in human mammary epithelial cells SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER LA English DT Article ID HUMAN BREAST-CANCER; HA-RAS; NUCLEAR TRANSLOCATION; INCREASING COMPLEXITY; SIGNALING PATHWAY; EXPRESSION; EGF; PHOSPHORYLATION; SPECIFICITY; ANTIBODIES AB Activation of the ms oncogene is an important step in carcinogenesis. Human MCF-10A mammary epithelial cells were transformed with a point-mutated form of the Ha-ms oncogene, Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) phosphorylation levels were chronically elevated after EGF induction and the EGFR ligand-driven internalization rate was slower in Ha-res transformed MCF-10A cells, Additionally, basal levels of p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) expression and enzyme activity were significantly higher in Ha-res transformed cells, localized predominantly in the nucleus. The anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody (MAb) 225 and the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor PD153035 blocked anchorage-independent growth of Ha-ms transformed cells in soft agar and were more effective when used in combination, The MEK inhibitor PD98059 and anti-erbB-2 MAb L26 also suppressed colony formation of Ha-res transformed cells in soft agar, Therefore, Ha-ms transformation leads to an augmentation in signaling through the EGFR as a result of an increase in ligand-dependent phosphorylation, a decrease in its internalization and an up-regulation in basal p44/42 MAPK levels. These effects may contribute to uncontrolled growth of Ha-ms-transformed human mammary epithelial cells. Published 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.(dagger) C1 NCI, Tumor Growth Factor Sect, Tumor Immunol & Biol Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. McMaster Univ, Hamilton, ON, Canada. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Mol Pathol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Free Univ Berlin, Benjamin Franklin Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, D-1000 Berlin, Germany. RP Salomon, DS (reprint author), NCI, Tumor Growth Factor Sect, Tumor Immunol & Biol Lab, NIH, Bldg 10,Rm 5B39, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 44 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0020-7136 J9 INT J CANCER JI Int. J. Cancer PD OCT 1 PY 2000 VL 88 IS 1 BP 44 EP 52 DI 10.1002/1097-0215(20001001)88:1<44::AID-IJC7>3.0.CO;2-8 PG 9 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 349TQ UT WOS:000089062000007 PM 10962438 ER PT J AU Zukas, JA Scheffler, DR AF Zukas, JA Scheffler, DR TI Practical aspects of numerical simulations of dynamic events: effects of meshing SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE high-velocity impact; fast, transient loading; shock waves; finite-element mesh; finite-difference mesh; Lagrangian methods; Eulerian methods; numerical methods ID SPURIOUS REFLECTION; ELASTIC-WAVES; ELEMENT AB The use of finite-difference and finite-element computer codes to solve problems involving fast, transient loading is commonplace, a large number of commercial codes exist and are applied to problems ranging from fairly low to extremely high damage levels (e.g., design of containment structures to mitigate effects of industrial accidents: protection of buildings and people from blast and impact loading; foreign object impact damage; and design of space structures to withstand impacts of small particles moving at hypervelocity, a case where the pressures generated exceed material strength by an order of magnitude). But, what happens if code predictions do not correspond with reality? This paper discusses various factors related to the computational mesh that can lead to disagreement between computations and experience. Subsequent papers focus on problems associated with contact surfaces and material transport algorithms, constitutive models, and the use of material data at strain rates appropriate to the problem, It is limited to problems involving fast, transient loading, which can be addressed by commercial finite-difference and finite-element computer codes. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Computat Mech Consultants Inc, Baltimore, MD 21239 USA. USA, Res Lab, AMSRL WM TC, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Zukas, JA (reprint author), Computat Mech Consultants Inc, POB 11314, Baltimore, MD 21239 USA. EM 74037.530@compuserve.com NR 35 TC 54 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0734-743X J9 INT J IMPACT ENG JI Int. J. Impact Eng. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 24 IS 9 BP 925 EP 945 DI 10.1016/S0734-743X(00)00012-9 PG 21 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 335WE UT WOS:000088267100004 ER PT J AU Klosky, JL Sture, S Ko, HY Barnes, F AF Klosky, JL Sture, S Ko, HY Barnes, F TI Geotechnical behavior of JSC-1 lunar soil simulant SO JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID WATER AB To facilitate the modeling and simulation of lunar activities and natural processes, various lunar soil simulants have been created. In particular, Johnson Space Center Number One lunar soil simulant (JSC-1) has come into wide use by a variety of investigators. In any physical experiment, the behavioral properties of this simulant will have a profound impact on the results. To better understand these soil properties, a variety of conventional and unconventional experiments were conducted on JSC-1 to determine its friction angle and appropriate low strain elastic constants. These experiments were conducted on JSC-1 at a variety of relative densities to quantify the response of the soil over the range of possible conditions. Further, the samples were prepared through vibratory densification, allowing for a better simulation of probable lunar surface packing arrangements. C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Klosky, JL (reprint author), US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 17 TC 22 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA SN 0893-1321 J9 J AEROSPACE ENG JI J. Aerosp. Eng. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 13 IS 4 BP 133 EP 138 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0893-1321(2000)13:4(133) PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 358EF UT WOS:000089543700002 ER PT J AU Engler, RJM AF Engler, RJM TI Alternative and complementary medicine: A source of improved therapies for asthma? A challenge for redefining the specialty? SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE alternative medicine; asthma C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Engler, RJM (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Bldg 2,1-J Area,6900 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 106 IS 4 BP 627 EP 629 DI 10.1067/mai.2000.110504 PG 3 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 365ZP UT WOS:000089980600004 PM 11031331 ER PT J AU Feickert, CA Berman, J Kamphaus, J Trovillion, J Quattrone, R AF Feickert, CA Berman, J Kamphaus, J Trovillion, J Quattrone, R TI A semiquantitative analytic model for the magnetic response of a Terfenol-D impregnated composite specimen under tension SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB Magnetostrictive composites have found increasing use as a tagging agent for structural integrity monitoring. A simple magnetic model based on Heisenberg-Weiss theory is put forth that provides guidance as to the physical parameters that govern the magnetic response of a Terfenol-D impregnated composite specimen in tension. Further, the model provides an effective analytic parameterization of the magnetic response, resulting from unidirectional tension, and affords estimates of these parameters. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(00)04520-5]. C1 USA, Construct Engn Res Lab, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. RP Feickert, CA (reprint author), USA, Construct Engn Res Lab, 2902 Newmark Dr,POB 9005, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD OCT 1 PY 2000 VL 88 IS 7 BP 4265 EP 4268 DI 10.1063/1.1308101 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 355DY UT WOS:000089371600073 ER PT J AU Leopold, SS Berger, RA Patterson, L Skipor, AK Urban, RM Jacobs, JJ AF Leopold, SS Berger, RA Patterson, L Skipor, AK Urban, RM Jacobs, JJ TI Serum titanium level for diagnosis of a failed, metal-backed patellar component SO JOURNAL OF ARTHROPLASTY LA English DT Article DE titanium; metal ion level; total knee arthroplasty; revision; patella ID TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY; HIP-REPLACEMENT; CHROMIUM; COBALT AB A case is presented in which an elevated serum titanium level was used to make the diagnosis of a failed metal-backed patellar component. The preoperative serum titanium level was 536.8 ppb, which was 98 times higher than the patient's previous level (taken 1 year earlier, when he was asymptomatic) and 2 orders of magnitude higher than the expected level with a well-functioning implant of this type. Revision surgery confirmed that the polyethylene portion of the patellar component had worn through, leaving the titanium portion of the patellar implant to articulate with the femoral component. Wear-through was not evident on preoperative radiographs or clinical examination. As knowledge about the expected ranges for serum metal ion levels after total joint arthroplasty continues to increase, the diagnostic utility of serum metal ion testing in the evaluation of joint arthroplasty function will continue to improve. C1 USA, Med Corps, William Beaumont Army Med Ctr, Orthopaed Surg Serv, El Paso, TX 79920 USA. RP Leopold, SS (reprint author), USA, Med Corps, William Beaumont Army Med Ctr, Orthopaed Surg Serv, 5005 N Piedras St,3rd Floor, El Paso, TX 79920 USA. OI Jacobs, Joshua/0000-0003-3902-7334 FU NIAMS NIH HHS [AR39310] NR 33 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 4 PU CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE INC MEDICAL PUBLISHERS PI PHILADELPHIA PA CURTIS CENTER, INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0883-5403 J9 J ARTHROPLASTY JI J. Arthroplast. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 15 IS 7 BP 938 EP 943 DI 10.1054/arth.2000.6632 PG 6 WC Orthopedics SC Orthopedics GA 367HG UT WOS:000090055200018 PM 11061457 ER PT J AU Harik, VM Klinger, JR Bogetti, TA AF Harik, VM Klinger, JR Bogetti, TA TI Low cycle fatigue of unidirectional laminates: Stress ratio effects SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Durability and Damage Tolerance of Composite Materials and Structures (DDTCMS) held at the IMECE/ASME Meeting CY NOV 14-19, 1999 CL NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Mat Div, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Appl Mech Div AB Low cycle fatigue (LCF) of unidirectional glass/epoxy composite laminates is investigated. LCF conditions involve high loads that may reach up to 90 percent of the material ultimate strength. LCF has unique features that require some modifications to the existing fatigue models and engineering S-N curves. LCF characterization of polymer matrix composites (PMCs) is carried out to determine unique characteristics of the S-N curves corresponding to distinct loading conditions (e.g., stress ratios). LCF behavior of the PMCs studied is characterized by finite strains (1-3 percent), finite strain rates (0.05-10 s(-1)), and high property degradation rates, which ave higher than those seen during high cycle fatigue of the glass/epoxy laminates. [S0094-4289(00)02504-4]. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL WM MB, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. Univ Delaware, Ctr Composite Mat, ARL Grp, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Natl Nonwovens Inc, E Hanover, MA 01027 USA. RP Harik, VM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL WM MB, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0094-4289 J9 J ENG MATER-T ASME JI J. Eng. Mater. Technol.-Trans. ASME PD OCT PY 2000 VL 122 IS 4 BP 415 EP 419 DI 10.1115/1.1289024 PG 5 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 404PF UT WOS:000167108800010 ER PT J AU Rollings, RS Burkes, JP Rollings, MP AF Rollings, RS Burkes, JP Rollings, MP TI Sulfate attack on cement-stabilized sand - Closure SO JOURNAL OF GEOTECHNICAL AND GEOENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Rollings, RS (reprint author), USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA SN 1090-0241 J9 J GEOTECH GEOENVIRON JI J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 126 IS 10 BP 945 EP 946 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2000)126:10(945) PG 2 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 358ML UT WOS:000089561800014 ER PT J AU Lanham, RA Weissenburger, JE Schwab, KA Rosner, MM AF Lanham, RA Weissenburger, JE Schwab, KA Rosner, MM TI A longitudinal investigation of the concordance between individuals with traumatic brain injury and family or friend ratings on the Katz Adjustment Scale SO JOURNAL OF HEAD TRAUMA REHABILITATION LA English DT Article DE awareness; concordance; DVHIP; Katz Adjustment Scale (KAS); Neurobehavioral Rating Scale (NBRS); traumatic brain injury ID CLOSED-HEAD-INJURY; IMPAIRED AWARENESS; BEHAVIORAL LIMITATIONS; SIGNIFICANT OTHERS; PRACTICAL SCALE; RELATIVES; REHABILITATION; CONSCIOUSNESS; QUESTIONNAIRE; DYSFUNCTION AB Changes in the level of agreement (concordance) between self and family or friend reporting on the Katz Adjustment Scale (KAS) from 6 to 12 months postinjury were assessed in 55 individuals with traumatic brain injury (IwTBI). Although the concordance between self and family/friend reports significantly increased over the course of recovery, possibly reflecting improvements in awareness, the concordance showed limited relationship to measures of injury severity and neuropsychological functioning. Concordance did not significantly relate to clinicians' ratings of inaccurate insight and self-appraisal on the awareness item from the Neurobehavioral Rating Scale (NBRS). Clinicians' ratings of awareness demonstrated only limited relationship to measures of injury severity and neuropsychological functioning, as well. Although similar results in the literature have been interpreted as demonstrating that awareness, defined as concordance, is possibly a unique construct separate from injury severity and neuropsychological functioning, an alternative hypothesis is presented concerning other noninjury factors that may affect the level of agreement in problem reporting between IwTBI and family/friend informants. C1 Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Def & Vet Head Injury Program, Dept Traumat Brain Injury, Minneapolis, MN USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Def & Vet Head Injury Program, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Henry M Jackson Fdn, Def & Vet Head Injury Program, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Lanham, RA (reprint author), Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Def & Vet Head Injury Program, Dept Traumat Brain Injury, Minneapolis, MN USA. NR 61 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU ASPEN PUBL INC PI FREDERICK PA 7201 MCKINNEY CIRCLE, FREDERICK, MD 21704 USA SN 0885-9701 J9 J HEAD TRAUMA REHAB JI J. Head Trauma Rehabil. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 15 IS 5 BP 1123 EP 1138 PG 16 WC Clinical Neurology; Rehabilitation SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Rehabilitation GA 359DT UT WOS:000089596800006 PM 10970933 ER PT J AU Reuss, M AF Reuss, M TI New book on the history of water control in the Bayous SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Quantico, VA 22135 USA. RP Reuss, M (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Quantico, VA 22135 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD OCT PY 2000 VL 126 IS 10 BP 728 EP 731 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2000)126:10(728) PG 4 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 358WB UT WOS:000089579200001 ER PT J AU Sipos, EP Brem, H AF Sipos, EP Brem, H TI Local anti-angiogenic brain tumor therapies SO JOURNAL OF NEURO-ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE brain tumor therapy; angiogenesis; drug delivery; minocycline; amiloride ID CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; CYTOTOXIC CANCER-THERAPIES; PLASMINOGEN-ACTIVATOR; ANGIOSTATIC STEROIDS; INHIBITS ANGIOGENESIS; INTERSTITIAL CHEMOTHERAPY; THERAPEUTIC IMPLICATIONS; ANTIANGIOGENIC AGENTS; COLLAGENASE ACTIVITY; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID AB The critical role of angiogenesis in the growth of solid tumors, including neoplasms of the central nervous system, has provided the impetus for research leading to the discovery of inhibitors of tumor neovascularization. The therapeutic potential of systemically administered antiangiogenic drugs for brain tumors, however, is limited by a variety of anatomic and physiologic barriers to drug delivery. Implantable controlled-release polymers for local drug administration directly into the tumor parenchyma have therefore been developed to achieve therapeutic concen-trations of these drugs within the brain while minimizing systemic toxicity. With use of these polymers, successfull antiangiogenic therapy for treatment of experimental intracranial malignancies has been achieved. This has been demonstrated with a variety of otherwise unrelated drugs - including the angiostatic steroids, tetracycline derivatives, and amiloride - which modulate collagenase activity, and thus, basement membrane and interstitial matrix metabolism. Controlled-release polymers provide a clinically practicable method of achieving sustained antian-giogenic therapy which can be readily used in combination with other treatment modalities such as cytoreductive surgery, radiation, and cytotoxic chemotherapy. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Div Neurosurg, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, F Edward Hebert Sch Med, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Dept Neurosurg, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Dept Oncol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Dept Ophthalmol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Brem, H (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurosurg, Hunterian 817,725 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM hbrem@jhmi.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [CA52857] NR 93 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0167-594X J9 J NEURO-ONCOL JI J. Neuro-Oncol. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 50 IS 1-2 BP 181 EP 188 DI 10.1023/A:1006482120049 PG 8 WC Oncology; Clinical Neurology SC Oncology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 397BT UT WOS:000166674000015 PM 11245278 ER PT J AU Kollars, TM Oliver, JH Durden, LA Kollars, PG AF Kollars, TM Oliver, JH Durden, LA Kollars, PG TI Host associations and seasonal activity of Amblyomma americanum (Acari : ixodidae) in Missouri SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; LONE STAR TICKS; SIZED WILD MAMMALS; BOS-TAURUS; TENNESSEE; ABUNDANCE; CATTLE; LAKES; LAND AB From June 1993 through June 1996, 2,260 adult, 4,426 nymphal, and 2,178 larval lone star ticks Amblyomma americanum (L.) were collected in Missouri from vertebrate hosts and by dragging a cloth over vegetation. Prevalence, mean intensity, and relative abundance of each stage varied among hosts. The relative abundance of adult lone star ticks was highest on white-tailed deer, but this stage was also collected from raccoons, opossum, red fox, coyotes, and wild turkey. Nymphs wire collected from gray squirrels, eastern cottontail rabbits, opossums, red fox, Carolina wren, and bobwhite quail, but the highest relative abundance occurred on wild turkey, white-tailed deer, and raccoons. Eastern cottontail rabbits, white-tailed deer, raccoons, and squirrels had the highest relative abundance of larval lone star ticks, but they were also found on opossums and wild turkey. The activity of adult lone star ticks was greatest from May through July. The activity for nymphs was highest from May through August, and for larvae, July through September. C1 Georgia So Univ, Inst Arthropodol & Parasitol, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. RP Kollars, TM (reprint author), Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, USA Med Component, 315-6 Rajavithee, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. FU NIAID NIH HHS [R37AI24899]; PHS HHS [U50/CCU410281] NR 18 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 86 IS 5 BP 1156 EP 1159 PG 4 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 365NQ UT WOS:000089957700049 PM 11128501 ER PT J AU Evans, MD AF Evans, MD TI Teaching lessons learned SO JOURNAL OF PROFESSIONAL ISSUES IN ENGINEERING EDUCATION AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article AB This is the first in a series of quarterly articles on lessons learned and best practices in civil engineering education. The intent of the series is to reinforce aod practices, describe new or developing practices, and provide a forum for what works well and that does not. It is hoped that this series will be an important quarterly read for all civil engineering educators and all those interested in what's going on in civil engineering education today Authors and topics will vary from issue to issue. Contact the editor if you wish to contribute to ail upcoming issue. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Civil & Mech Engn, Civil Engn Grp, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Evans, MD (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Civil & Mech Engn, Civil Engn Grp, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA SN 1052-3928 J9 J PROF ISS ENG ED PR JI J. Prof. Issues Eng. Educ. Pract. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 126 IS 4 BP 138 EP 141 PG 4 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA 358UP UT WOS:000089575800002 ER PT J AU Zappi, M White, K Hwang, HM Bajpai, R Qasim, M AF Zappi, M White, K Hwang, HM Bajpai, R Qasim, M TI The fate of hydrogen peroxide as an oxygen source for bioremediation activities within saturated aquifer systems SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID MICROBIAL ADAPTATION; CONTAMINATED SOILS; BIODEGRADATION; DECOMPOSITION; DEGRADATION AB In situ bioremediation is an innovative technique for the remediation of contaminated aquifers that involves the use of microorganisms to remediate soils and groundwaters polluted by hazardous substances. During its application, this process may require the addition of nutrients and/or electron accepters to stimulate appropriate biological activity. Hydrogen peroxide has been commonly used as an oxygen source because of the Limited concentrations of oxygen that can be transferred into the groundwater using above-ground aeration followed by reinjection of the oxygenated groundwater into the aquifer or subsurface air sparging of the aquifer. Because of several potential interactions of H2O2 with various aquifer material constituents, its decomposition may be too rapid, making effective introduction of the H2O2 into targeted treatment zones extremely difficult and costly. Therefore, a bench-scale study was conducted to determine the fate of H2O2 within subsurface aquifer environments. The purpose of this investigation was to identify those aquifer constituents, both biotic and abiotic, that are most active in controlling the fate of H2O2. The decomposition rates of H2O2 were determined using both equilibrated water samples and soil slurries. Results showed H2O2 decomposition to be effected by several commonly found inorganic soil components; however, biologically mediated catalytic reactions were determined to be the most substantial. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dave C Swalm Sch Chem Engn, Dept Chem Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Jackson State Univ, Sch Sci & Technol, Jackson, MS 39217 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Chem Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USAE, Waterways Expt Stn, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS USA. RP Zappi, M (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dave C Swalm Sch Chem Engn, Dept Chem Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 51 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 50 IS 10 BP 1818 EP 1830 PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 366WU UT WOS:000090029900013 PM 11288310 ER PT J AU Nixon, MW Piatak, DJ Corso, LM Popelka, DA AF Nixon, MW Piatak, DJ Corso, LM Popelka, DA TI Aeroelastic tailoring for stability augmentation and performance enhancements of tiltrotor aircraft SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HELICOPTER SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 55th Annual Forum of the American-Helicopter-Society CY MAY 25-27, 1999 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Amer Helicopter Soc AB The requirements for increased speed and productivity for tiltrotors has spawned several investigations associated with proprotor aeroelastic stability augmentation and aerodynamic performance enhancements. Included among these investigations is a focus on passive aeroelastic tailoring concepts which exploit the anisotropic capabilities of fiber composite materials. Researchers at Langley Research Center and Bell Helicopter have devoted considerable effort to assess the potential for using these materials to obtain aeroelastic responses which are beneficial to the important stability and performance considerations of tiltrotors. Both experimental and analytical studies have been completed to examine acroelastic tailoring concepts for the tiltrotor, applied either to the wing or to the rotor blades. This paper reviews some of the results obtained in these aeroelastic tailoring investigations and discusses the relative merits associated with these approaches. C1 USA, Langley Res Ctr, Vehicle Technol Directorate, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Aeroelast Branch, Hampton, VA USA. Bell Helicopter Textron Inc, Rotor Dynam, Ft Worth, TX USA. RP Nixon, MW (reprint author), USA, Langley Res Ctr, Vehicle Technol Directorate, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER HELICOPTER SOC INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 217 N WASHINGTON ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0002-8711 J9 J AM HELICOPTER SOC JI J. Am. Helicopter Soc. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 45 IS 4 BP 270 EP 279 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 465QX UT WOS:000170602400004 ER PT J AU Matthew, CB DuBose, DA Sils, IV Tartartini, KA AF Matthew, CB DuBose, DA Sils, IV Tartartini, KA TI Hyperthermia-induced changes in the vascular permeability of rats: a model system to examine therapeutic interventions SO JOURNAL OF THERMAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE extravasation; vascular permeability; Evans blue; endothelium; hyperthermia; core temperature; thermoregulation; rats; animal ID MICROVASCULAR PERMEABILITY; ALBUMIN EXTRAVASATION; PLASMA EXTRAVASATION; REPERFUSION INJURY; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; STRIATED-MUSCLE; EDEMA; HEAT; CYTOSKELETON; NEUROKININS AB Extravasation in the heart, liver, lung, kidney, spleen, gastrocnemius, and duodenum was quantified in normothermic and hyperthermic (core temperature (T-c) = 41.5, 42, or 42.6 degrees C) rats. Following attainment of the target T-c, Evans blue (Eb) was administered via jugular cannula; the animals were anesthetized, exsanguinated, tissues removed and washed in saline, and Eb extracted with formamide. There was significantly (p < 0.05) more Eb (mu g/g of dry wt of tissue, mean +/- SD) in the tissues of severely hyperthermic (T-c = 42.6 degrees C) rats vs that of control rats: liver - 198 +/- 39 vs 125 +/- 28, kidney - 376 +/- 68 vs 176 +/- 60, and small intestine - 170 +/- 49 vs 106 +/- 20. This model may be useful in evaluating the efficacy of treatment modalities designed to sustain vascular integrity in the face of environmental insult. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Matthew, CB (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Kansas St, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 32 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0306-4565 J9 J THERM BIOL JI J. Therm. Biol. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 25 IS 5 BP 381 EP 386 DI 10.1016/S0306-4565(99)00110-2 PG 6 WC Biology; Zoology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Zoology GA 333HL UT WOS:000088124800007 ER PT J AU DuBose, DA Matthew, CB Balcius, JA Morehouse, DH Sils, IV AF DuBose, DA Matthew, CB Balcius, JA Morehouse, DH Sils, IV TI Hyperthermic effects on reticuloendothelial system particulate uptake SO JOURNAL OF THERMAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE RES; clearance; temperature; shock; thermoregulation ID HEAT-STRESS MORTALITY; RAT-LIVER AB Reticuloendothelial system (RES) particulate uptake (PU) of vascular debris influences survival from extreme hyperthermia. Little is known of the effect of extreme hyperthermia, unrelated to fever, on RES PU shortly after reaching a maximum core temperature (T-c). Relative to normothermic rats (T-c=38.0 degrees C), rats at T-c=42.6 degrees C had significantly higher, while T-c=42.0 degrees C rats had significantly lower total RES tissue (lung, liver, spleen) PU of fluorescent microspheres (1 mu), when compared to rats at T-c=42.6 or 38.0 degrees C. These findings suggest at T-c=42.6 degrees C, rats were not actively thermoregulating. As such, more blood remained in the core than in the periphery, which resulted in greater core RES tissue PU. In contrast, to reduce or control core heat, rats at T-c=42.0 degrees or 38.0 degrees C directed more blood to the periphery, which reduced core RES tissue PU. Blood flow patterns as directed by the state or degree of active thermoregulation is likely an influence of hyperthermia on RES PU. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP DuBose, DA (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0306-4565 J9 J THERM BIOL JI J. Therm. Biol. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 25 IS 5 BP 387 EP 390 DI 10.1016/S0306-4565(99)00111-4 PG 4 WC Biology; Zoology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Zoology GA 333HL UT WOS:000088124800008 ER PT J AU Gore, DC Ferrando, A Barnett, J Wolf, SE Desai, M Herndon, DN Goodwin, C Wolfe, RR AF Gore, DC Ferrando, A Barnett, J Wolf, SE Desai, M Herndon, DN Goodwin, C Wolfe, RR TI Influence of glucose kinetics on plasma lactate concentration and energy expenditure in severely burned patients SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 59th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Trauma CY SEP 16-18, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP Amer Assoc Trauma DE hypermetabolism; oxygen availability; pyruvate ID METABOLISM AB Background: In critically ill patients, elevation in the plasma lactate concentration has traditionally been interpreted as indicating a deficiency in oxygen availability and is often an impetus to increase oxygen delivery clinically. However, another possible basis for increased lactate concentrations may be simply a mass effect from increased pyruvate availability (i.e., accelerated glycolysis). Methods: In six hypermetabolic burned patients, the rates of glucose production and oxidation were quantified using a tracer infusion of 6,6 d(2) glucose combined with indirect calorimetry. Measurements were obtained after a 9-hour fast and after a 3-hour infusion of unlabeled glucose at 30 mu mol/kg/min. No patient was overtly septic, hypoxic, or hypovolemic. Results: The infusion of glucose significantly increased the arterial glucose concentration and rate of glucose oxidation, with a corresponding increase in the arterial plasma concentration of lactate and pyruvate, Resting energy expenditure and oxygen consumption were not affected by the infusion of glucose. Conclusions: These findings show that elevations in plasma lactate in severely injured patients may, in part, be related to increases in glucose flux and not entirely a reflection of any deficit in oxygen availability. Such findings highlight a potential pitfall for interpreting plasma lactate concentrations as an index of tissue oxygen availability in hypermetabolic patients. C1 Univ Texas, Med Branch, Shriners Hosp Children, Dept Surg, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. USA, Inst Surg Res, Houston, TX USA. RP Gore, DC (reprint author), Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Surg, 301 Univ Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. EM dcgore@utmb.edu OI Luchette, Fred/0000-0002-8857-9111; Wolf, Steven/0000-0003-2972-3440 NR 11 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5282 EI 1529-8809 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD OCT PY 2000 VL 49 IS 4 BP 673 EP 677 DI 10.1097/00005373-200010000-00015 PG 5 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 362VF UT WOS:000089798400022 PM 11038085 ER PT J AU Van Zante, DE Strazisar, AJ Wood, JR Hathaway, MD Okiishi, TH AF Van Zante, DE Strazisar, AJ Wood, JR Hathaway, MD Okiishi, TH TI Recommendations for achieving accurate numerical simulation of tip clearance flows in transonic compressor rotors SO JOURNAL OF TURBOMACHINERY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition CY JUN 07-10, 1999 CL INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA ID 3-DIMENSIONAL VISCOUS-FLOW AB The tip clearance flows of transonic compressor rotors are important because they have a significant impact on rotor and stage performance. A wall-bounded shear layer formed by the relative motion between the overtip leakage flow and the shroud wall is found to have a major influence on the development of the tip clearance flow field. This shear layer, which has not been recognized by earlier investigators, impacts the stable operating range of the rotor. Simulation accuracy is dependent on the ability of the numerical code to resolve this layer. While numerical simulations of these flows are quite sophisticated, they are seldom verified through rigourous comparisons of numerical and measured data because these kinds of measurements are rare in the detail necessary to be useful in high-speed machines. In this paper we compare measured tip-clearance flow details (e.g., trajectory and radial extent) with corresponding data obtained from a numerical simulation. Laser-Doppler Velocimeter (LDV) measurements acquired in a transonic compressor rotor; NASA Rotor 35, are used. The tip clearance flow field of this transonic rotor is simulated using a Navier-Stokes turbomachinery solver that incorporates an advanced k-epsilon turbulence model derived for flows that are not in local equilibrium. A simple method is presented for determining when the wall-bounded shear layer is an important component of the tip clearance flow field. [S0889-504X(00)02504- 6]. C1 NASA, Lewis Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. USA, Vehicle Technol Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Van Zante, DE (reprint author), NASA, Lewis Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 23 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 5 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0889-504X J9 J TURBOMACH JI J. Turbomach.-Trans. ASME PD OCT PY 2000 VL 122 IS 4 BP 733 EP 742 DI 10.1115/1.1314609 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 404NM UT WOS:000167106700018 ER PT J AU da Silva, AD O'Donnell, S Gillespie, D Goff, J Shriver, C Rich, N AF da Silva, AD O'Donnell, S Gillespie, D Goff, J Shriver, C Rich, N TI Malignant carotid body tumor: A case report SO JOURNAL OF VASCULAR SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Annual Meeting of the Eastern-Vascular-Society CY APR 30-MAY 02, 1999 CL PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA SP Eastern Vasc Soc ID SURGICAL-MANAGEMENT; PARAGANGLIOMAS; EXPERIENCE AB Carotid body tumors (CBTs) have an unpredictable history with no correlation between histology and clinical behavior. Of reported cases since 1891, local and distant metastases appear in approximately 10% of cases and remain the hallmark of malignancy. Currently, there are not enough data to support a single treatment regimen for malignant CBTs. The reported case demonstrates some unanswered issues with regard to malignant CBTs to include lymph node dissection, the need for carotid resection, and the role of radiation therapy. A 46-year-old pathologist underwent a resection of a Shamblin I CBT, to include jugular lymph node sampling, without complication. There was lymph node involvement, and tumor cells were found on the margins of the pathologic specimen. Subsequent carotid resection with reversed interposition saphenous vein graft and modified neck dissection were performed again without complication. Follow-up at 4 years has been uneventful. Diagnosis of CBTs with the use of magnetic resonance angiography, magnetic resonance imaging, color flow duplex scanning, and the role of arteriography are reviewed. The current treatment options are discussed with reference to primary lymph node sampling, carotid resection, and neck dissection in malignant cases. This case demonstrates that the unpredictable nature of CBTs and their malignant potential warrant aggressive initial local treatment to include jugular lymph node sampling and complete tumor resection. C1 Hosp Geral Santo Antonio, Vasc Surg Serv, Porto, Portugal. D Pedro V Mil Hosp, Porto, Portugal. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Peripheral Vasc Surg Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Gen Surg Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP da Silva, AD (reprint author), Av Republ 779-10 A, P-4450243 Matosinhos, Portugal. OI Gillespie, David/0000-0002-4378-9465 NR 10 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0741-5214 J9 J VASC SURG JI J. Vasc. Surg. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 32 IS 4 BP 821 EP 823 DI 10.1067/mva.2000.107766 PG 3 WC Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Surgery; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 364XP UT WOS:000089919600038 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Quist, CF Fritz, DL AF Dubey, JP Quist, CF Fritz, DL TI Systemic sarcocystosis in a wild turkey from Georgia SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE acute sarcocystosis; case report; Meleagris gallopavo silvestris; myocarditis; pneumonia; Sarcocystis sp schizont; wild turkey ID EQUINE PROTOZOAL MYELOENCEPHALITIS; FALCATULA; ENCEPHALITIS; PATHOGENESIS; BUDGERIGAR; OPOSSUMS; NEURONA; BIRDS; APICOMPLEXA; MYOCARDITIS AB Acute sarcocystosis was diagnosed in an adult female wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) that was collected from Early County (Georgia, USA) in February of 1998. Marked inflammatory lesions were seen in the heart, lung, and liver and were associated with protozoal schizonts and merozoites. The organisms were identified as Sarcocystis sp. (Acomplexa: Sarcocystidae) based on structure and antigenicity. Protozoa divided by endopolygeny, merozoites lacked rhoptries, and the organisms did not react to anti-S. falcatula antibodies but reacted to anti-S. cruzi antibodies. C1 Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, SE Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Athens, GA 30602 USA. ARS, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USA, Div Pathol, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Quist, CF (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, SE Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 19 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 36 IS 4 BP 755 EP 760 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 371GK UT WOS:000165170300017 PM 11085439 ER PT J AU Burgess, EB AF Burgess, EB TI Explore: Stories of survival from off the map. SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, Combined Arms Res Lib, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. RP Burgess, EB (reprint author), USA, Combined Arms Res Lib, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD OCT 1 PY 2000 VL 125 IS 16 BP 142 EP 142 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 362FL UT WOS:000089767900210 ER PT J AU Becker, PR AF Becker, PR TI Concentration of chlorinated hydrocarbons and heavy metals in Alaska Arctic marine mammals SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Alaska-Arctic; cetaceans; marine mammals; chlorinated hydrocarbons; chlorinated pesticides; heavy metals; pinnipeds; polychlorinated biphenyls ID WHALES DELPHINAPTERUS-LEUCAS; SEALS CALLORHINUS-URSINUS; LAWRENCE BELUGA WHALES; ORGANOCHLORINE CONTAMINANTS; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS; TRACE-METALS; HARBOR SEALS; WEST-COAST; TISSUES; ELEMENTS AB Over the last decade, a baseline database on anthropogenic contaminants in Alaska marine mammals has been developing through the efforts of several independent investigations as well as larger research programs, Although still somewhat limited in scope, the largest amount of data exists for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), DDT, mercury, and cadmium in walrus, beluga whale, bowhead whale, and ringed seal. Because of their relatively large contribution to the total chlorinated hydrocarbon levels in Arctic species, chlordane and toxaphene are two pesticides that are also gaining attention, Comparison of the Alaska database with the results of studies conducted in Canada and Greenland, indicates that patterns of many accumulative substances are quite similar in species that occur across the North American Arctic. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd, All rights reserved. C1 USA, Waterways Expt Stn, CEWES,ER,C, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Becker, PR (reprint author), NIST, Charleston Lab, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM paul.beckler@nist.gov NR 66 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 4 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 40 IS 10 BP 819 EP 829 DI 10.1016/S0025-326X(00)00076-X PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 370TA UT WOS:000165137300013 ER PT J AU Welch, PG AF Welch, PG TI Deployment dialysis in the US army: History and future challenges SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ACUTE-RENAL-FAILURE; ARMENIAN EARTHQUAKE AB The U.S. Army has demonstrated that acute renal failure (ARF) could be treated successfully with dialysis during war since the early 1950s, Recent downsizing and lack of ARF patients during recent deployments may reduce the urgency to invest in the equipment modernization, personnel, and training necessary to maintain deployment dialysis capability. New dialysis equipment must be developed and purchased to replace the current Army deployable dialysis equipment that will be obsolete soon. The objective of this paper is to review ARF and dialysis during past American wars, the Armenian earthquake, and recent field training exercises to derive lessons for policy planners, clinicians, and logisticians for future deployments. Methods included medical literature search and describing the experiences of current A-my personnel. The advantages and disadvantages of several commercially available dialysis systems are discussed in the context of deployment environment and policy. Recommendations for equipment and training are proposed to maintain deployment dialysis capability. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Serv Nephrol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Welch, PG (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Serv Nephrol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 165 IS 10 BP 737 EP 741 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 363MK UT WOS:000089839200011 PM 11050869 ER PT J AU Lee, T Nang, RN AF Lee, T Nang, RN TI The epidemiology of varicella hospitalizations in the US Army SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Annual Force Health Protection Conference CY AUG 23-27, 1999 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA ID UNITED-STATES-ARMY; HEALTH-CARE WORKERS; YOUNG-ADULTS; RECRUITS; INFECTIONS; NAVY; SUSCEPTIBILITY; COMPLICATIONS; VACCINATION; POPULATION AB Varicella infections affect the U.S. Army, but the extent has not been quantified recently. We obtained 1990 to 1997 hospitalization data from the U.S. Army Medical Command and calculated rates using data from the Army Medical Surveillance Activity and the U.S. Army Training Command. There was a decline in the number and incidence of varicella hospitalizations for U.S. Army active duty soldiers from 1990 to 1997. Varicella incidence rates for active duty soldiers are significantly higher for females, blacks, those younger than 20 years, and those whose home of record were tropical island regions. Army initial entry training hospitalizations constitute 11.8% of active duty Army hospitalizations and have also declined. Varicella continues to affect the training and health of the U.S. Army; however, the impact has diminished over the years. A feasible approach to limit varicella in the U.S. Army is to target trainees for screening or vaccination. Refinement of this strategy should be determined from a follow-up cost-effectiveness analysis. C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Lee, T (reprint author), USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, 5158 Blackhawk Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 165 IS 10 BP 791 EP 795 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 363MK UT WOS:000089839200020 PM 11050878 ER PT J AU Havens, CG Bryant, N Asher, L Lamoreaux, L Perfetto, S Brendle, JJ Werbovetz, KA AF Havens, CG Bryant, N Asher, L Lamoreaux, L Perfetto, S Brendle, JJ Werbovetz, KA TI Cellular effects of leishmanial tubulin inhibitors on L-donovani SO MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Leishmania; tubulin; ansamitocin p3; taxol; hemiasterlin ID TRYPANOSOMA-BRUCEI-BRUCEI; BETA-TUBULIN; 2,4-DICHLOROBENZYL THIOCYANATE; MICROTUBULE DYNAMICS; TAXOL; PROMASTIGOTES; CYCLE; MECHANISM; DRUGS; TRYPANOTHIONE AB To aid our investigation of tubulin as an antileishmanial drug target, the effects of the mammalian antimicrotubule agents ansamitocin P3, taxol, and hemiasterlin on Leishmania donovani promastigotes were described. These drugs affected the assembly of purified leishmanial tubulin and inhibited the growth of L. donovani promastigotes at micromolar concentrations. When promastigotes were treated with these agents, mitotic partitioning of nuclear DNA and cytokinesis were usually inhibited. The spatial orientation of kinetoplasts was often disturbed, suggesting a role for microtubules in the segregation of these organelles during mitosis. Aberrant cell types produced in drug-treated cultures included parasites with one nucleus and two geometrically distinct kinetoplasts, parasites with multiple kinetoplasts, and cytoplasts containing a kinetoplast but no nucleus. A subset of unique cell types, parasites containing two nuclei, a spindle fiber, and two geometrically distinct kinetoplasts, were observed in hemiasterlin-treated cultures. Flow cytometric analysis of L. donovani promastigotes treated with these three drugs indicated a dramatic shift toward the G(2) + M phase of the cell cycle, with some cells containing four times the amount of DNA present in G(1). These results were used to evaluate the cellular effects of WR85915, an aromatic thiocyanate with in vitro antileishmanial and anti-tubulin activity, on L. donovani. Treatment of parasites with WR85915 did not produce the unusual cell types described above and did not cause the accumulation of parasites in G(2) + M, suggesting that WR85915 acts on target(s) in Leishmania in addition to tubulin. These studies validate tubulin as a suitable antileishmanial drug target and provide criteria to assess the cellular mechanism of action of new candidate antileishmanial agents. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Parasitol, Div Expt Therapeut, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Pathol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn, Div Retrovirol, Rockville, MD USA. RP Werbovetz, KA (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Parasitol, Div Expt Therapeut, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RI Werbovetz, Karl/E-4290-2011 NR 33 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-6851 J9 MOL BIOCHEM PARASIT JI Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 110 IS 2 BP 223 EP 236 DI 10.1016/S0166-6851(00)00272-3 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology GA 360XD UT WOS:000089691900004 PM 11071278 ER PT J AU Bathalon, GP Hennessy, LD Barko, WF Lieberman, HR AF Bathalon, GP Hennessy, LD Barko, WF Lieberman, HR TI Application of body mass index as a screening tool for adiposity in a middle-aged military population. SO OBESITY RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US Army Res Inst Environm Med, Natick, MA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NORTH AMER ASSOC STUDY OBESITY PI ROCHESTER PA C/O DR MICHAEL JENSEN, MAYO MEDICAL CENTER, MAYO CLIN 200 FIRST ST, SW, ROCHESTER, MN 55905 USA SN 1071-7323 J9 OBES RES JI Obes. Res. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 8 SU 1 MA O104 BP 39S EP 39S PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 364DE UT WOS:000089876100156 ER PT J AU Centini, M Sibilia, C D'Aguanno, G Bertolotti, M Scalora, M Bloemer, MJ Bowden, CM AF Centini, M Sibilia, C D'Aguanno, G Bertolotti, M Scalora, M Bloemer, MJ Bowden, CM TI Reflectivity control via second-order interaction process in one-dimensional photonic band-gap structures SO OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION; ENHANCEMENT; PULSES; LASER; EDGE AB We exploit the nonlinear reflectivity of a pulse at the fundamental frequency induced by a second harmonic signal in one-dimensional photonic band gap structures for applications to fast control of light-by-light and all optical signal processing. We find that the enhancement of nonlinear gain near the band edge, coupled with a suitable choice of the relative phases between the input pulses, leads to significant reflectivity and transmittivity changes of the input pump pulse for structures only a few microns in length. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Univ Rome La Sapienza, INFM, Dipartimento Energet, I-00161 Rome, Italy. USA, Missile Command, RD & EC, AMSMI,RD,WSST,Weap Sci Directorate, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. Time Domain Corp, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. RP Sibilia, C (reprint author), Univ Rome La Sapienza, INFM, Dipartimento Energet, Via Scarpa 16, I-00161 Rome, Italy. OI D'Aguanno, Giuseppe/0000-0002-7132-0103; CENTINI, MARCO/0000-0003-0625-0054 NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0030-4018 J9 OPT COMMUN JI Opt. Commun. PD OCT 1 PY 2000 VL 184 IS 1-4 BP 283 EP 288 DI 10.1016/S0030-4018(00)00927-5 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 362BT UT WOS:000089759300036 ER PT J AU Park, GC Malis, DJ AF Park, GC Malis, DJ TI Dehiscence of the tympanic segment of the facial nerve SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Otolaryngol Head & Neck Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Park, GC (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Otolaryngol Head & Neck Serv, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 123 IS 4 BP 522 EP 522 DI 10.1067/mhn.2000.109930 PG 1 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 363JT UT WOS:000089833100036 PM 11020202 ER PT J AU Brandt, HE AF Brandt, HE TI Inconclusive rate as a disturbance measure in quantum cryptography SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID OPERATOR-VALUED MEASURE; INFORMATION AB The inconclusive rate is considered as a disturbance measure in key distribution in quantum cryptography. Bennett's two-state protocol is addressed for the case in which a positive operator-valued measure is implemented by the legitimate receiver in the presence of an individual attack by a general unitary disturbing eavesdropping probe. The maximum Renyi information gain by the disturbing probe is calculated for given receiver error and inconclusive rates. It is demonstrated explicitly that less information is available to an eavesdropper at a fixed inconclusive rate and error rate than is available at a fixed error rate only. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL SE DP, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Brandt, HE (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL SE DP, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT PY 2000 VL 62 IS 4 AR 042310 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.62.042310 PG 14 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 360VU UT WOS:000089688700029 ER PT J AU Samet, ED AF Samet, ED TI "Adding to my book and to my coffin": The unconditional 'Memoirs' of Ulysses S. Grant SO PMLA-PUBLICATIONS OF THE MODERN LANGUAGE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Future of Doctoral Education CY APR 15-18, 1999 CL UNIV WISCONSIN, MADISON, WISCONSIN HO UNIV WISCONSIN C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Samet, ED (reprint author), US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MODERN LANGUAGE ASSOC AMER PI NEW YORK PA 10 ASTOR PLACE, NEW YORK, NY 10003 USA SN 0030-8129 J9 PMLA JI PMLA-Publ. Mod. Lang. Assoc. Am. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 115 IS 5 BP 1117 EP 1124 DI 10.2307/463285 PG 8 WC Literature SC Literature GA 358WX UT WOS:000089581100035 ER PT J AU Rajagopalan, G Gillespie, JW McKnight, SH AF Rajagopalan, G Gillespie, JW McKnight, SH TI Diffusion of reacting epoxy and amine monomers in polysulfone: a diffusivity model SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE epoxy-amine/polysulfone; cure-dependent diffusivity model; free volume theory ID FREE-VOLUME; DIELECTRIC ANALYSIS; THERMOSET CURE; KINETICS; TRANSPORT; POLYMERS; SYSTEMS AB In this work, a diffusivity model based on free volume theory is presented for the simultaneous diffusion of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) epoxy and bis(p-aminocyclohexyl) methane (PACM 20) amine monomers into amorphous polysulfone (PSU). This model is expected to predict and explain the diffusion behavior of the epoxy and amine monomers into PSU during the initial time periods. The overall free volume of the polymer system is estimated using a Kelley-Bueche approximation for free volume in a binary mixture consisting of a non-reacting thermoplastic and the reacting thermoset. The fractional free volume of the thermoset is estimated by the DiBenedetto equation. The model is valid only for low epoxy-amine concentrations and degrees of cure. The diffusivity model developed here suggests that reaction reduces the species diffusivity with increasing cure from a loss of the overall fractional free volume for diffusion. Further, a model for increased epoxy diffusivity from amine-induced PSU swelling is presented and validated using data from previous studies on the single-component diffusion of epoxy into amine-swollen PSU. By combining the reaction and swelling terms with the Arrhenius epoxy diffusivity, the epoxy diffusivity expression during the simultaneous diffusion and reaction of epoxy and amine into PSU for small times, is determined. Parametric studies on the nature of diffusivity are performed to determine the influence of the various free volume parameters on thermoset diffusion, and these studies show that the thermoset diffusivity, in general, decreases with time from reaction. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Delaware, Ctr Composite Mat, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. USA, Res Lab, Mat Directorate, Aberdeen, MD USA. RP Gillespie, JW (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Ctr Composite Mat, Newark, DE 19716 USA. NR 37 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD OCT PY 2000 VL 41 IS 21 BP 7723 EP 7733 DI 10.1016/S0032-3861(00)00131-2 PG 11 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 332GA UT WOS:000088064800016 ER PT J AU Putthanarat, S Stribeck, N Fossey, SA Eby, RK Adams, WW AF Putthanarat, S Stribeck, N Fossey, SA Eby, RK Adams, WW TI Investigation of the nanofibrils of silk fibers SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE silk; nanofibrils; atomic force microscopy ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; BETA-SHEETS; DRAGLINE SILK; CRYSTAL SIZE; BOMBYX-MORI; SPIDER SILK; PROTEINS; PACKING; ENERGETICS; MODEL AB Silk from 3-molted, 4-molted and sex-limited Bombyx mori, Antheraea pernyi and Antheraea yamamai have been investigated using Atomic Force Microscopy and Low Voltage High Resolution Scanning Electron Microscopy. Nanofibrils, bundles of nanofibrils, helical features and a layered structure with a cross angle between nanofibrils in different layers were observed fur all silks. Similar log-normal distributions of fibril widths were obtained from all silks with the geometric mean fibril widths covering the range of 90-170 nm. There is no correlation of the fibril width with the fiber size from different types of silkworm. Similar normal distributions of cross angles were observed in 30% of the images with the arithmetic means covering the range of 30-50 degrees. There is an apparent correlation of cross angle with fiber size. The larger fibers for which the crystals are primarily alanine exhibit a greater average cross angle, 46 degrees, than do those of the smaller fibers for which the crystals are primarily alanine and glycine, 36 degrees. Initial wide angle X-ray diffraction measurements on a single fiber of A. pernyi are consistent with the fraction of fibrils at different cross angles being 28%, A simplified computer calculation method and molecular modeling were used in a search for packing angles which minimize the interaction energy of packing between beta sheets. Initial results revealed no definitive evidence of epitaxy to account for the cross angles. It is proposed that a multifibrillar fiber offers a number of mechanical advantages over a solid fiber with the same cross sectional area. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. Univ Hamburg, Inst Tech & Makromol Chem, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. USA, Natick Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, AFRL,ML,WPAFB, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Putthanarat, S (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. RI Adams, Wade/A-7305-2010 NR 57 TC 82 Z9 84 U1 3 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD OCT PY 2000 VL 41 IS 21 BP 7735 EP 7747 DI 10.1016/S0032-3861(00)00036-7 PG 13 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 332GA UT WOS:000088064800017 ER PT J AU Jerome, LW Zaylor, C AF Jerome, LW Zaylor, C TI Cyberspace: Creating a therapeutic environment for telehealth applications SO PROFESSIONAL PSYCHOLOGY-RESEARCH AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article ID COMMUNICATION AB Behavioral telehealth innovations promise increased opportunities for access to psychological services. Technological advancements are making available inexpensive interactive televideo (IATV) applications for the provision of mental health services. The emergence of IATV brings with it a new environment that is experienced quite differently than face-to-face interactions. Human communication in the IATV medium is unique. It is subject to different rules and cues. This article explores variables that affect IATV applications toward the development of an optimal IATV environment for effective therapeutic endeavors. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Pacific E Hlth Innovat Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. Univ Kansas, Med Ctr, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. RP Jerome, LW (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Pacific E Hlth Innovat Ctr, 1 Jarrett White Rd, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 31 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0735-7028 J9 PROF PSYCHOL-RES PR JI Prof. Psychol.-Res. Pract. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 31 IS 5 BP 478 EP 483 DI 10.1037//0735-7028.31.5.478 PG 6 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 361YA UT WOS:000089750800005 ER PT J AU Schumm, WR Bell, DB AF Schumm, WR Bell, DB TI Soldiers at risk for individual readiness or morale problems during a six-month peacekeeping deployment to the Sinai SO PSYCHOLOGICAL REPORTS LA English DT Article AB Longitudinal data were examined to predict soldiers' morale, satisfaction with Army life, and the effects of family issues on performance of duties during an overseas deployment (Sinai peacekeeping force during the spring of 1995). Few variables were significant predictors of the outcome measures; however, rank, leaders' support for families, prior satisfaction with Army life and with information released about the deployment appeared to predict better outcomes during the deployment. Rank and leaders' support for families appeared to be more important for married soldiers while satisfaction with predeployment information seemed to be more important for single soldiers. Those who were worried about the effects of the deployment on their families also tended to report interference with their duty performance because of family concerns, but that effect was offset by perceived leaders' concern for families. In conclusion, it appears to the authors that the pre-existing factors studied had much less to do with deployment outcomes than did leadership success before and during the deployment. That's good news for Army leaders about their power to have a positive effect on soldiers' morale during overseas deployments but may be bad news for anyone hoping to find a "magic bullet" for pre-identification of soldiers most likely to retain high morale, regardless of their leadership's competence during an overseas deployment. C1 USA, Res Inst Behav & Social Sci, ARI, Alexandria, VA 22333 USA. Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Bell, DB (reprint author), USA, Res Inst Behav & Social Sci, ARI, 5001 Eisenhower Ave, Alexandria, VA 22333 USA. RI Dopko, Rae/J-7437-2015 NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU PSYCHOLOGICAL REPORTS PI MISSOULA PA P O BOX 9229, MISSOULA, MT 59807 USA SN 0033-2941 J9 PSYCHOL REP JI Psychol. Rep. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 87 IS 2 BP 623 EP 633 DI 10.2466/PR0.87.6.623-633 PG 11 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 371MG UT WOS:000165182300036 PM 11086613 ER PT J AU Jennings, BM AF Jennings, BM TI Evidence-based practice: The road best traveled? SO RESEARCH IN NURSING & HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material ID REVIEWS C1 USA, Nurse Corps, TRICARE Management Act, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Jennings, BM (reprint author), USA, Nurse Corps, TRICARE Management Act, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0160-6891 J9 RES NURS HEALTH JI Res. Nurs. Health PD OCT PY 2000 VL 23 IS 5 BP 343 EP 345 DI 10.1002/1098-240X(200010)23:5<343::AID-NUR1>3.0.CO;2-7 PG 3 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA 359PV UT WOS:000089622000001 PM 11052388 ER PT J AU Erbele, I AF Erbele, I TI Untitled SO SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN LA English DT Letter C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Erbele, I (reprint author), US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCI AMERICAN INC PI NEW YORK PA 415 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0036-8733 J9 SCI AM JI Sci.Am. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 283 IS 4 BP 8 EP 8 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 356CU UT WOS:000089427400005 ER PT J AU Byrd, JC Waselenko, JK Keating, M Rai, K Grever, MR AF Byrd, JC Waselenko, JK Keating, M Rai, K Grever, MR TI Novel therapies for chronic lymphocytic leukemia in the 21st century SO SEMINARS IN ONCOLOGY LA English DT Review ID COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR; CHROMOBACTERIUM-VIOLACEUM NO-968; FC-GAMMA-RI; CYTOKINE-RELEASE SYNDROME; PHASE-II MULTICENTER; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; IN-VIVO; RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; INHIBITOR LACTACYSTIN; HEALTHY-VOLUNTEERS C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Div Hematol Oncol, Hematol Oncol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Johns Hopkins Oncol Ctr, Div Hematol Malignancies, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Div Hematol Oncol, San Antonio, TX USA. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Leukemia, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Long Isl Jewish Med Ctr, Div Hematol Oncol, New Hyde Park, NY 11042 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Med, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Byrd, JC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Div Hematol Oncol, Hematol Oncol Serv, Ward 78, Washington, DC 20307 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [P01 CA81534-02] NR 103 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0093-7754 J9 SEMIN ONCOL JI Semin. Oncol. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 27 IS 5 BP 587 EP 597 PG 11 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 362YB UT WOS:000089804900010 PM 11049025 ER PT J AU Jenkins, RA Torugsa, K Markowitz, LE Mason, CJ Jamroentana, V Brown, AE Nitayaphan, S AF Jenkins, RA Torugsa, K Markowitz, LE Mason, CJ Jamroentana, V Brown, AE Nitayaphan, S TI Willingness to participate in HIV-1 vaccine trials among young Thai men SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS LA English DT Article DE HIV; vaccine; Thailand ID HIGH-RISK POPULATIONS; INJECTION-DRUG USERS; EFFICACY TRIALS; PHASE-I; INFECTION; BEHAVIOR; BANGKOK AB Objectives: Willingness to participate in HIV-1 vaccine trials and associated factors were investigated in a sample of 2670 Royal Thai Army conscripted recruits. Methods: Self administered questionnaires were used. Data were collected during the final visit of a longitudinal cohort study of HIV-1 epidemiology. Cross sectional analysis of data from this visit was performed. Results: 32% of che respondents reported they would "definitely" join an HIV-1 Vaccine trial. Greater willingness was associated with perceived risk of HIV-1 infection and a desire to help Thai society, although tangible incentives and intentions to reduce condom use in a vaccine trial also were associated with increased willingness. Concerns about physical harm and anticipated social pressure from family not to join were the most substantial impediments to willingness. Concerns about "social harm" (for trample, participation would give appearance of having AIDS virus, a partner might refuse sex) also appeared to inhibit interest in joining trials and approached significance. Conclusions: Willingness to participate was somewhat greater than in other investigations of non-injection drug user (IDU) cohorts in Thailand, with fewer concerns expressed about physical harm. Motivations appear to involve tradeoffs among perceived risk, anticipated social pressure, altruism, and tangible rewards. The absence of significant problems associated with vaccine trials to date, along with the presence of educational interventions in the study may help explain the lower level of concerns here relative to other Thai studies. C1 Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, USA Med Component, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Royal Thai Army Med Dept, Bangkok, Thailand. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Royal Thai Army Component, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Jenkins, RA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI MASON, CARL/0000-0002-3676-2811 NR 28 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 1 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1368-4973 J9 SEX TRANSM INFECT JI Sex. Transm. Infect. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 76 IS 5 BP 386 EP 392 DI 10.1136/sti.76.5.386 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 368DT UT WOS:000090103000015 PM 11141858 ER PT J AU Skidmore, PJ Dooley, DP DeWitt, C AF Skidmore, PJ Dooley, DP DeWitt, C TI Human extrapulmonary dirofilariasis in Texas SO SOUTHERN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID HUMAN PULMONARY DIROFILARIASIS; IMMITIS AB Human pulmonary infection due to the dog heartworm, Dirofilaria immitis, has been reported in the medical Literature for many decades. Extrapulmonary infection due to this pathogen is less widely reported, including only nine cases in North America. We report a case of extrapulmonary dirofilariasis manifested as asymptomatic nodular lesions in the anterior abdominal wall of a patient having exploratory laparotomy for carcinoma. We review previously reported cases and discuss the pathophysiology of both pulmonary and extrapulmonary dirofilariasis. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, MCHE, MDI, Div Infect Dis,Dept Med, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Skidmore, PJ (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, MCHE, MDI, Div Infect Dis,Dept Med, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHERN MEDICAL ASSN PI BIRMINGHAM PA 35 LAKESHORE DR PO BOX 190088, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35219 USA SN 0038-4348 J9 SOUTHERN MED J JI South.Med.J. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 93 IS 10 BP 1009 EP 1010 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 368PZ UT WOS:000090127800012 ER PT J AU Doebler, JA AF Doebler, JA TI Electrophysiological analysis of NG108-15 cells: An in vitro model for evaluating antagonists of membrane-active compounds SO TOXICOLOGY METHODS LA English DT Article DE A23187; in vitro model; membrane potential; NG108-15 (neuroblastoma x glioma) hybrid cells; quinidine; trifluoperazine; verapamil ID GLIOMA HYBRID-CELLS; IONOPHORE A23187; LINE; RESISTANCE; RESPONSES AB The utility of electrophysiological analysis of NG108-15 cells as an in vitro model system for evaluating antagonists of membrane-active compounds was investigated. This entailed the combined administration of the Ca++-selective ionophore A23187, which produces a concentration-dependent hyperpolarization of NG108-15 cells, with several antagonists shown to block the effects of A23187 in other model systems. Two series of experiments were conducted. In the first, the antagonists, that is, the Ca++-dependent K+ (K-Ca) channel blocker quinidine (QND), the calmodulin antagonist trifluoperazine (TFP), and the Ca++-channel blocker verapamil (VER), were administered simultaneously with A23187 (1 muM) and shown to block the development of the hyperpolarization in a concentration-dependent manner. In the second series of experiments, TFP (3 muM) was administered only after the development of, and effectively reversed, an established A23187-induced hyperpolarization. These data demonstrate that this system can be used to determine the efficacy of antagonists of membrane-active compounds. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Pharmacol, Neurotoxicol Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Doebler, JA (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Pharmacol, Neurotoxicol Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND SN 1051-7235 J9 TOXICOL METHOD JI Toxicol. Method. PD OCT-DEC PY 2000 VL 10 IS 4 BP 239 EP 250 DI 10.1080/105172300750048728 PG 12 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 379ZH UT WOS:000165672700001 ER PT J AU Meier, HL AF Meier, HL TI A rapid method for quantitating the extent of DNA damage induced by sulfur mustard in human lymphocytes for drug screening SO TOXICOLOGY METHODS LA English DT Article DE apoptosis; DNA damage; flow cytometry; necrosis; sulfur mustard ID POLY(ADP-RIBOSE) POLYMERASE; CELL-DEATH; INHIBITORS; HD AB We previously characterized the effects of sulfur mustard on deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) patterns in exposed human lymphocytes and demonstrated how poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPI) alter these effects. These studies were conducted utilizing labor-intensive and time-consuming DNA isolation and gel electrophoresis procedures. To conduct mechanistic studies and to screen antivesicant therapeutic regimens for their capacity to block or alter the DNA-damaging effects of sulfur mustard, a faster and less labor-intensive method was developed. Preparations of human lymphocytes, isolated from the blood of normal volunteers, were exposed to sulfur mustard (1 x 10(-8) M to 1 x 10(-3) M) and incubated at 37 degreesC for 0-24 h. The effects of sulfur mustard on the DNA of the lymphocytes were determined using flow cytometry by measuring the increase in the fluorescence of the DNA peak caused by the uptake of propidium iodide (PI) by the fragmented DNA. The increase in the fluorescence of the DNA depended on both the concentration of sulfur mustard to which the cells were exposed and the length of time following exposure to sulfur mustard. An increase in the binding of PI to the sulfur mustard-exposed lymphocyte DNA is detected as early as 1 h postexposure. The increase in PI fluorescence rose sharply during the first 4 h and then appeared to increase linearly between 4 and 24 h after sulfur mustard exposure. This method results in a more rapid and less labor-intensive determination of DNA damage, enabling kinetic and mechanistic determination of DNA damage. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Meier, HL (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND SN 1051-7235 J9 TOXICOL METHOD JI Toxicol. Method. PD OCT-DEC PY 2000 VL 10 IS 4 BP 251 EP 263 DI 10.1080/105172300750048737 PG 13 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 379ZH UT WOS:000165672700002 ER PT J AU Adler, M Capacio, B Deshpande, SS AF Adler, M Capacio, B Deshpande, SS TI Antagonism of botulinum toxin A-mediated muscle paralysis by 3,4-diaminopyridine delivered via osmotic minipumps SO TOXICON LA English DT Article ID NEUROTOXIN; SNAP-25; 4-AMINOPYRIDINE; CLEAVAGE AB The ability of 3,4-diaminopyridine (3,4-DAP) to antagonize muscle paralysis following local injection of botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT/A) complex was evaluated in the in situ rat extensor digitorum longus (EDL) preparation. The minipumps were implanted 6 h prior to BoNT/A administration and delivered their contents over a 7-day period producing a steady plasma 3,4-DAP concentration of 27-29 mu M. In the absence of 3,4-DAP, a local injection of five mouse LD50 units of BoNT/A led to total paralysis of EDL muscles within 24 h of application. Recovery from paralysis was slow, remaining at <30% of control 14 days after toxin injection. 3,4-DAP delivery by osmotic minipumps antagonized the actions of BoNT/A on neuromuscular transmission. Seven days after the onset of 3,4-DAP infusion, indirectly elicited twitch and tetanic tensions in BoNT/A-injected EDL muscles were 72.4 and 46.9% of control, respectively. In the absence of 3,4-DAP, twitch and tetanic tensions were only 5.4 and 15.1% of control. The benefits conferred by 3,4-DAP treatment were not maintained after minipumps were removed. Seven days after cessation of 3,4-DAP infusion, twitch and tetanic tensions were not significantly different from those observed in muscles receiving BoNT/A alone. It is concluded that 3,4-DAP may be useful for treatment of BoNT/A-induced muscle paralysis, but sustained delivery of the drug would be required for the entire period of BoNT intoxication to maintain muscle function. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Pharmacol, Neurotoxicol Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Pharmacol, Appl Pharmacol Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Adler, M (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Pharmacol, Neurotoxicol Branch, 3100 Ricketts Point Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 18 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0041-0101 J9 TOXICON JI Toxicon PD OCT PY 2000 VL 38 IS 10 BP 1381 EP 1388 DI 10.1016/S0041-0101(99)00231-7 PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 318UA UT WOS:000087301200005 PM 10758273 ER PT J AU Bachman, BJ Ocampo, VD Guevarra, C Areman, EM AF Bachman, BJ Ocampo, VD Guevarra, C Areman, EM TI Refreezing peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPC): A pilot study SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20007 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD OCT PY 2000 VL 40 IS 10 SU S BP 44S EP 44S PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 364CN UT WOS:000089874600170 ER PT J AU Greenwalt, TJ Rugg, N Gormas, JF Knapp, AD Hess, JR AF Greenwalt, TJ Rugg, N Gormas, JF Knapp, AD Hess, JR TI Successful storage of red blood cells for 11 weeks SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Hoxworth Blood Ctr, Cincinnati, OH USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD OCT PY 2000 VL 40 IS 10 SU S BP 58S EP 58S PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 364CN UT WOS:000089874600228 ER PT J AU Hess, JR Rugg, N Gormas, JF Knapp, AD Greenwalt, TJ AF Hess, JR Rugg, N Gormas, JF Knapp, AD Greenwalt, TJ TI The meaning of RBC morphloogic changes during blood bank storage SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. Hoxworth Blood Ctr, Cincinnati, OH USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD OCT PY 2000 VL 40 IS 10 SU S BP 60S EP 60S PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 364CN UT WOS:000089874600239 ER PT J AU Hess, JR Hill, HR Oliver, CK Lippert, LE AF Hess, JR Hill, HR Oliver, CK Lippert, LE TI Effect of additive solution composition on the storage of frozen RBC after deglycerolization SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD OCT PY 2000 VL 40 IS 10 SU S BP 64S EP 64S PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 364CN UT WOS:000089874600254 ER PT J AU Dellacorte, C Lukaszewicz, V Valco, MJ Radil, KC Heshmat, H AF Dellacorte, C Lukaszewicz, V Valco, MJ Radil, KC Heshmat, H TI Performance and durability of high temperature foil air bearings for oil-free turbomachinery SO TRIBOLOGY TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 55th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Tribologists-and-Lubrication-Engineers CY MAY 07-11, 2000 CL NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE SP Soc Tribologists & Lubricat Engineers DE foil air bearings; load capcity; bearing torque; friction ID COMPOSITE AB The performance and durability of advanced, high temperature foil air bearings are evaluated under a wide range (10 to 50 kPa) of loads at temperatures from 25 degrees to 650 degrees C. The bearings are made from uncoated nickel based superalloy foils. The foil surface experiences sliding contact with the shaft during initial start/stop operation. To reduce friction and wear, the solid lubricant coating, PS304, is applied to the shaft by plasma spraying. PS304 is a NiCr based Cr2O3 coating with silver and barium fluoride/calcium fluoride solid lubricant additions. The results show that the bearings provide lives well in excess of 30,000 cycles under all of the conditions tested. Several bearings exhibited lives in excess of 100,000 cycles. Wear is a linear function of the bearing load. The excellent performance measured in this study suggests that these bearings and the PS304 coating are well suited for advanced high temperature, oil-free turbomachinery applications. C1 NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. Akima Corp, Brook Pk, OH USA. USA, Res Lab, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH USA. Mohawk Innovat Technol Inc, Albany, NY USA. RP Dellacorte, C (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 18 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 6 PU SOC TRIBOLOGISTS & LUBRICATION ENGINEERS PI PARK RIDGE PA 840 BUSSE HIGHWAY, PARK RIDGE, IL 60068 USA SN 1040-2004 J9 TRIBOL T JI Tribol. Trans. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 43 IS 4 BP 774 EP 780 DI 10.1080/10402000008982407 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 357AA UT WOS:000089475300028 ER PT J AU Dellacorte, C Valco, MJ AF Dellacorte, C Valco, MJ TI Load capacity estimation of foil air journal bearings for oil-free turbomachinery applications SO TRIBOLOGY TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ASME/STLE Tribology Conference CY OCT 01-04, 2000 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON SP Soc Tribologists & Lubricat Engineers, ASME DE foil air bearings; load capacity; turbomachinery; gas bearings AB This paper introduces a simple "Rule of Thumb" (ROT) method to estimate the load capacity of foil air journal bearing, which are self-acting compliant-surface hydrodynamic bearings being considered for Oil-Free turbomachinery applications such as gas turbine engines; The ROT is based on first principles and data available in the literature and it relates bearing load capacity to the bearing size and speed through an empirically based load capacity coefficient, D. It is shown that load capacity is a linear function of bearing surface velocity and bearing projected area. Furthermore, it was found that the load capacity coefficient, D, is related to the design features of the bearing compliant members and operating conditions (speed and ambient temperature). Early bearing designs with basic or "first generation" compliant support elements have relatively low load capacity. More advanced bearings, in which the compliance of the support structure is tailored, have load capacities up to five times those of simpler designs. The ROT enables simplified load capacity estimation for foil air journal bearings and can guide development of new Oil-Free turbomachinery systems. C1 NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, USA, Res Lab, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Dellacorte, C (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, USA, Res Lab, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 31 TC 111 Z9 118 U1 1 U2 7 PU SOC TRIBOLOGISTS & LUBRICATION ENGINEERS PI PARK RIDGE PA 840 BUSSE HIGHWAY, PARK RIDGE, IL 60068 USA SN 1040-2004 J9 TRIBOL T JI Tribol. Trans. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 43 IS 4 BP 795 EP 801 DI 10.1080/10402000008982410 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 357AA UT WOS:000089475300031 ER PT J AU Panicker, B Karle, JM Avery, MA AF Panicker, B Karle, JM Avery, MA TI An unusual reversal of stereoselectivity in a boron mediated aldol reaction: Enantioselective synthesis of the C-1-C-6 segment of the epothilones SO TETRAHEDRON LA English DT Article DE epothilones; aldol reaction; enantioselectivity ID DIASTEREOFACIAL SELECTIVITY; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; CONDENSATIONS; ALDEHYDES AB Enantioselective syntheses of differentially protected C-1-C-6 fragments, (3S)-3-hydroxy-4,4-dimethyl-5-oxoheptanoic acid 4, (5S)-7-[1,1-bis(mechylethyl)-2-methyl-1 -silapropoxy]-5-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylheptan-3-one 5 and (4S)-2-(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxan-4-yl)-2-methylpentan-3-one 23, common to both epothilones A and B, are reported. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Mississippi, Dept Med Chem, University, MS 38677 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Pharmacol, Div Expt Therapeut, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Univ Mississippi, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Mississippi, Dept Chem, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Avery, MA (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Dept Med Chem, University, MS 38677 USA. NR 31 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0040-4020 J9 TETRAHEDRON JI Tetrahedron PD SEP 29 PY 2000 VL 56 IS 40 BP 7859 EP 7868 DI 10.1016/S0040-4020(00)00708-0 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 356ZZ UT WOS:000089475200002 ER PT J AU Armstrong, TA Barish, KN Batsouli, S Bennett, SJ Bertaina, M Chikanian, A Coe, SD Cormier, TM Davies, R Dover, CB Fachini, P Fadem, B Finch, LE George, NK Greene, SV Haridas, P Hill, JC Hirsch, AS Hoversten, R Huang, HZ Jaradat, H Kumar, BS Lainis, T Lajoie, JG Li, Q Libby, B Majka, RD Miller, TE Munhoz, MG Nagle, JL Pless, IA Pope, JK Porile, NT Pruneau, CA Rabin, MSZ Reid, JD Rimai, A Rose, A Rotondo, FS Sandweiss, J Scharenberg, RP Slaughter, AJ Smith, GA Tincknell, ML Toothacker, WS Van Buren, G Wohn, FK Xu, Z AF Armstrong, TA Barish, KN Batsouli, S Bennett, SJ Bertaina, M Chikanian, A Coe, SD Cormier, TM Davies, R Dover, CB Fachini, P Fadem, B Finch, LE George, NK Greene, SV Haridas, P Hill, JC Hirsch, AS Hoversten, R Huang, HZ Jaradat, H Kumar, BS Lainis, T Lajoie, JG Li, Q Libby, B Majka, RD Miller, TE Munhoz, MG Nagle, JL Pless, IA Pope, JK Porile, NT Pruneau, CA Rabin, MSZ Reid, JD Rimai, A Rose, A Rotondo, FS Sandweiss, J Scharenberg, RP Slaughter, AJ Smith, GA Tincknell, ML Toothacker, WS Van Buren, G Wohn, FK Xu, Z CA E864 Collaboration TI Antideuteron yield at the AGS and coalescence implications SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; ANTIPROTON PRODUCTION; MODEL AB dWe present Experiment 864's measurement of invariant antideuteron yields in 11.5A GeV/c Au + Pt collisions. The analysis includes 250 X 10(6) triggers representing 14 X 10(9) 10% central interactions sampled for events with high mass candidates. We find (1/2 pi p(t))d(2)N/dyd(Pt) = 3.5 +/- 1.5(stat)(-0.5)(+0.9) (syst) X 10(-8) GeV-2 c(2) for 1.8 < y < 2.2, [p(t)] = 0.35 GeV/e (y(c.m.) = 1.6) and 3.7 +/- 2.7(stat)(-1.5)(+1.4)(syst) X 10(-8) GeV-2 c(2) for 1.4 < y < 1.8, [p(t)] = 0.26 GeV/c, and a coalescence parameter (B) over bar(2) of 4.1 +/- 2.9(stat)(-2.4)(+2.3)(syst) X 10(-3) CeV(2)c(-3). Implications for coalescence and antimatter annihilation are discussed. C1 Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Columbia Univ, Nevis Lab, Irvington, NY 10533 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Armstrong, TA (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, 221 Kirkland Hall, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. OI Bertaina, Mario Edoardo/0000-0003-1069-1397 NR 22 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 25 PY 2000 VL 85 IS 13 BP 2685 EP 2688 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.85.2685 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 356WD UT WOS:000089465100008 ER PT J AU Watt, G Kantipong, P Jongsakul, K Watcharapichat, P Phulsuksombati, D Strickman, D AF Watt, G Kantipong, P Jongsakul, K Watcharapichat, P Phulsuksombati, D Strickman, D TI Doxycycline and rifampicin for mild scrub-typhus infections in northern Thailand: a randomised trial SO LANCET LA English DT Article AB Background Some strains of scrub typhus in northern Thailand are poorly responsive to standard antirickettsial drugs. We therefore did a mashed, randomised trial to compare rifampicin with standard doxycycline therapy for patients with scrub typhus. Methods Adult patients with strictly defined, mild scrub typhus were initially randomly assigned 1 week of daily oral treatment with 200 mg doxycycline (n=40), 600 mg rifampicin (n=38), or doxycycline with rifampicin (n=11), During the first year of treatment, the combined regimen was withdrawn because of lack of efficacy and the regimen was replaced with 900 mg rifampicin (n=37). Treatment outcome was assessed by fever clearance time (the time for oral temperature to fall below 37.3 degrees C). Findings About 12 800 fever patients were screened during the 3-year study to recruit 126 patients with confirmed scrub typhus and no other infection, of whom 86 completed therapy. Eight. individuals received the combined regimen that was discontinued after 1 year. The median duration of pyrexia was significantly shorter (p=0.01) in the 24 patients treated with 900 mg daily rifampicin (fever clearance time 22.5 h) and in the 26 patients who received 600 mg rifampicin (fever clearance time 27.5 h) than in the 28 patients given doxycycline monotherapy (fever clearance time 52 h), Fever resolved in a significantly higher proportion of patients within 48 h of starting rifampicin (900 mg=79% [19 of 24], 600 mg=77% [20 of 26]) than in patients treated with doxycycline (46% [13 of 28]; p=0.02). Severe gastrointestinal events warranted exclusion of two patients on doxycyline. There were two relapses after doxycycline therapy, but none after rifampicin therapy. Interpretation Rifampicin is more effective than doxycycline against scrub-typhus infections acquired in northern Thailand, where strains with reduced susceptibility to antibiotics can occur. C1 AFRIMS, US Army Component, Dept Med, Bangkok, Thailand. Chiangral Reg Hosp, Dept Med, Chiangrai, Thailand. AFRIMS, Royal thai Army Component, Analyt Div, Bangkok, Thailand. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Entomol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Watt, G (reprint author), AFRIMS, Dept Retrovirol, HIV Interact Sect, APO, AP 96546 USA. NR 13 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 3 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD SEP 23 PY 2000 VL 356 IS 9235 BP 1057 EP 1061 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)02728-8 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 356EC UT WOS:000089430500009 PM 11009140 ER PT J AU McNesby, KL Wainner, RT Daniel, RG Miziolek, AW Jackson, WM McLaren, IA AF McNesby, KL Wainner, RT Daniel, RG Miziolek, AW Jackson, WM McLaren, IA TI High-sensitivity laser absorption measurements of broadband absorbers in the near-infrared spectral region SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID DIODE-LASER; MODULATION; GAS AB We describe the development and characterization of a near-infrared diode-laser-based sensor to measure the vapor from trace gases having unstructured absorption spectra. The technique uses two equal amplitude-modulated laser beams, with the modulation of the two lasers differing in phase by 180 deg. One of the laser beams is at a wavelength absorbed by the gas [for these experiments, vapor is from pyridine (C5H5N)], and the second laser beam is at a wavelength at which no absorption occurs. The two laser beams are launched onto near-coincident paths by graded-index lens-tipped optical fibers. The mixed laser beam signal is detected by use of a single photodiode and is demodulated with standard phase-sensitive detection. Data are presented for the detection and measurement of vapor from pyridine (C5H5N) by use of the mixed laser technique. The discussion focuses on experimental determination of whether a compound exhibits unstructured absorption spectra (referred to here as a broadband absorber) and methods used to maximize sensitivity. (C) 2000 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: 120.0120, 120.1880, 140.2020, 280.0280. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. McLaren Res, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. RP McNesby, KL (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM mcnesby@arl.mil NR 10 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD SEP 20 PY 2000 VL 39 IS 27 BP 5006 EP 5011 DI 10.1364/AO.39.005006 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 353AW UT WOS:000089252400021 PM 18350099 ER PT J AU Secker, DR Kaye, PH Greenaway, RS Hirst, E Bartley, DL Videen, G AF Secker, DR Kaye, PH Greenaway, RS Hirst, E Bartley, DL Videen, G TI Light scattering from deformed droplets and droplets with inclusions. I. Experimental results SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID AERODYNAMIC PARTICLE SIZER; CONDENSATIONAL GROWTH; AIRBORNE AB We provide experimental results from the scattering of light by deformed liquid droplets and droplets with inclusions. The characterization of droplet deformation could lead to improved measurement of droplet size as measured by commercial aerodynamic particle-sizing instruments. The characterization of droplets with inclusions can be of importance in some industrial, occupational, and military aerosol monitoring situations. The nozzle assembly from a TSI Aerodynamic Particle Sizer was used to provide the accelerating flow conditions in which experimental data were recorded. A helium-neon laser was employed to generate the light-scattering data, and an externally triggered, pulsed copper vapor laser provided illumination for a droplet imaging system arranged orthogonal to the He-Ne scattering axis. The observed droplet deformation correlates well over a limited acceleration range with theoretical predictions derived from an analytical solution of the Navier-Stokes equation. (C) 2000 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: 290.0290, 290.5820, 290.5850. C1 Univ Hertfordshire, Sci & Technol Res Ctr, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Secker, DR (reprint author), Univ Hertfordshire, Sci & Technol Res Ctr, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. EM d.r.secke@herts.ac.uk; videen@atm.dal.ca NR 16 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 5 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD SEP 20 PY 2000 VL 39 IS 27 BP 5023 EP 5030 DI 10.1364/AO.39.005023 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 353AW UT WOS:000089252400023 PM 18350101 ER PT J AU Videen, G Sun, WB Fu, Q Secker, DR Greenaway, RS Kaye, PH Hirst, E Bartley, D AF Videen, G Sun, WB Fu, Q Secker, DR Greenaway, RS Kaye, PH Hirst, E Bartley, D TI Light scattering from deformed droplets and droplets with inclusions. II. Theoretical treatment SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTIONS; ANGULAR OPTICAL-SCATTERING; NONSPHERICAL PARTICLES; COMPOUNDED SPHERES; ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING; CONGLOMERATE PARTICLES; EXTERNAL AGGREGATION; MICRODROPLETS; MICROPARTICLES; SPECTROSCOPY AB We provide theoretical results from the scattering of light by deformed liquid droplets and droplets with inclusions. With improved instrumentation and computer technologies available, researchers are able to employ two-dimensional angular optical scattering as a tool for analyzing such particle systems and which then could be applied in industrial, occupational, and military aerosol measurement. We present numerically calculated spatial light-scattering data from various droplet morphologies. We describe characteristic features of the theoretical data and compare these with the experimental results. (C) 2000 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: 290.0290, 290.5850. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Dalhousie Univ, Dept Oceanog, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada. Univ Hertfordshire, Sci & Technol Res Ctr, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Videen, G (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM videen@atm.dal.ca NR 50 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD SEP 20 PY 2000 VL 39 IS 27 BP 5031 EP 5039 DI 10.1364/AO.39.005031 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 353AW UT WOS:000089252400024 PM 18350102 ER PT J AU Hammond, SA Tsonis, C Sellins, K Rushlow, K Scharton-Kersten, T Colditz, I Glenn, GM AF Hammond, SA Tsonis, C Sellins, K Rushlow, K Scharton-Kersten, T Colditz, I Glenn, GM TI Transcutaneous immunization of domestic animals: opportunities and challenges SO ADVANCED DRUG DELIVERY REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE vaccine; skin; cholera toxin; protein; inactivated virus; live recombinant virus; rabies virus; mengo virus; animal ID ADP-RIBOSYLATING EXOTOXINS; LANGERHANS CELLS; CHOLERA-TOXIN; ENCEPHALOMYOCARDITIS VIRUS; FELINE DIROFILARIASIS; LIPID-COMPOSITION; EPIDERMIS; SKIN; THICKNESS; ADJUVANT AB Transcutaneous immunization (TCI), the topical application of antigen and adjuvant directly onto intact skin, can safely and effectively elicit systemic immune responses in mice and humans against a variety of antigens. This novel method of vaccine delivery has the potential to provide a safe and convenient method by which vaccines may be delivered to elicit protective immunity in domestic animals. To date, however, immune responses induced by TCI in companion and production animals has not been reported. In this report, we demonstrate that TCI may be widely applicable to many animals. Immune responses elicited by TCI require further optimization for each antigen and species, and success may depend upon the structure: and composition of the skin of the target species. The prospect of TCI as a practical and broadly applicable approach to vaccination in veterinary medicine is discussed in the context of these challenges. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Membrane Biochem, Washington, DC 20307 USA. IOMAI Corp, Washington, DC 20037 USA. Royal Prince Alfred Hosp, Centenary Inst, Opsoma Australia Pty Ltd, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia. Heska Corp, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. CSIRO, Pastoral Res Lab, Armidale, NSW 2350, Australia. RP Hammond, SA (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Membrane Biochem, RM 2W-124,503 Robert Grant Ave, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RI Colditz, Ian/A-1289-2008 OI Colditz, Ian/0000-0001-9497-5148 NR 43 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-409X J9 ADV DRUG DELIVER REV JI Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. PD SEP 15 PY 2000 VL 43 IS 1 BP 45 EP 55 DI 10.1016/S0169-409X(00)00076-4 PG 11 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 355CK UT WOS:000089367900005 PM 10967220 ER PT J AU Kiselev, AA Kim, KW Stroscio, MA AF Kiselev, AA Kim, KW Stroscio, MA TI Thermal conductivity of Si/Ge superlattices: A realistic model with a diatomic unit cell SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PHONON-SPECTRA; STRAINED SI; GE AB This paper considers the effects of a realistic description of phonons in diamondlike semiconductors and their conversion on the abrupt heterointerfaces on the thermal conductivity of the superlattice (SL). Due to the much larger mass of Ge atoms in comparison to Si, the most probable acoustic phonons in Si layers at room temperature have no counterpart in Ge. in simplified models where Si and Ge are simulated by monatomic crystals with fitted parameters, this leads to the highly efficient trapping of high-energy acoustic phonons in Si layers and drastic reduction of the SL thermal conductivity. The proposed approach incorporates the optical branches and the effective conversion of the phonons at interfaces extends the temperature range for which the model is valid and thereby leads to corrections to predicted thermal conductivity. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Kiselev, AA (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 15 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 15 PY 2000 VL 62 IS 11 BP 6896 EP 6899 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.62.6896 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 355XH UT WOS:000089413500014 ER PT J AU Komirenko, SM Kim, KW Demidenko, AA Kochelap, VA Stroscio, MA AF Komirenko, SM Kim, KW Demidenko, AA Kochelap, VA Stroscio, MA TI Generation and amplification of sub-THz coherent acoustic phonons under the drift of two-dimensional electrons SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM-WELL; GAAS; SOLIDS AB This paper addresses the Cerenkov emission of high-frequency confined acoustic phonons by drifting electrons in a quantum well. We have found that the electron drift can cause strong phonon amplification (generation). The spectra of the confined modes are calculated and their confinement properties are analyzed. The spectra consist of a set of branches, and for each branch; the confinement effect increases considerably when the phonon wave vector increases. We have studied the coupling between electrons and confined modes and proved that the coupling is a nonmonotonous function of the wave vector for each of the phonon branches. We have obtained a general formula for the gain coefficient as a function of the phonon frequency and the structure parameters. For each of the branches, the amplification takes place in a spectrally separated and quite narrow amplification band in the high-frequency range. For the example of p-doped Si/SiGe/Si heterostructures it is shown that the amplification coefficients of the order of hundreds of cm(-1) can be achieved in the sub-THz frequency range. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Dept Theoret Phys, Inst Semicond Phys, UA-252650 Kiev, Ukraine. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Komirenko, SM (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 26 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP 15 PY 2000 VL 62 IS 11 BP 7459 EP 7469 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.62.7459 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 355XH UT WOS:000089413500100 ER PT J AU Pittman, PR Mangiafico, JA Rossi, CA Cannon, TL Gibbs, PH Parker, GW Friedlander, AM AF Pittman, PR Mangiafico, JA Rossi, CA Cannon, TL Gibbs, PH Parker, GW Friedlander, AM TI Anthrax vaccine: increasing intervals between the first two doses enhances antibody response in humans SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE anthrax vaccine; protective antigen ELISA titers ID PROTECTIVE ANTIGEN; RECOMBINANT AB The influence of dosing interval on the human antibody response to anthrax vaccine adsorbed (AVA) was evaluated in two retrospective serological studies. In both studies, the interval between the first two doses was 2, 3 or 4 weeks. In the first study, banked sera were selected from 89 at-risk individuals at a mean time of 13 days after the second dose of vaccine. In the second study, banked sera were selected from 51 at-risk individuals at a mean time of 48 days following the first dose of AVA. In both studies, the geometric mean anti-protective antigen IgG antibody titer increased significantly as the interval between the two doses increased from 2 to 4 weeks (p = 0.0005-0.029). In the first study, the seroconversion rate also increased as the interval between the first two doses increased (p = 0.0034), A prospective, randomized study has been completed and is being analyzed to confirm these findings. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Med, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Diagnost Syst Div, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. USA, Med Informat Syst & Serv Agcy, Core Technol Div, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Res Plans & Programs Off, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Off Commander, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Pittman, PR (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Med, 1425 Porter St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 11 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD SEP 15 PY 2000 VL 19 IS 2-3 BP 213 EP 216 PG 4 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 352UV UT WOS:000089237000010 PM 10930675 ER PT J AU Novello, A White, D Kramer, L Trimarchi, C Eldson, M Morse, D Wallace, B Smith, P Stone, W Kulasekera, V Mill, L Fine, A Miller, J Layton, M Crans, W Sorhage, F Bresnitz, E French, R Garmendia, A Andreadis, T Anderson, J Nelson, R Mayo, D Cartter, M Hadler, J Werner, B Timperi, R DeMaria, A Kelley, P Bunning, M AF Novello, A White, D Kramer, L Trimarchi, C Eldson, M Morse, D Wallace, B Smith, P Stone, W Kulasekera, V Mill, L Fine, A Miller, J Layton, M Crans, W Sorhage, F Bresnitz, E French, R Garmendia, A Andreadis, T Anderson, J Nelson, R Mayo, D Cartter, M Hadler, J Werner, B Timperi, R DeMaria, A Kelley, P Bunning, M TI Update: West Nile virus activity - Northeastern United States, January-August 7, 2000 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 49, pg 714-717, 2000) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY 12237 USA. Dept Environm Conservat, Albany, NY USA. Westchester Cty Hlth Dept, New Rochelle, NY USA. Bergen Cty Hlth Dept, Paramus, NJ USA. New York City Dept Hlth, New York, NY USA. Rutgers State Univ, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT USA. Connecticut Agr Expt Stn, New Haven, CT 06504 USA. Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02111 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Novello, A (reprint author), New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY 12237 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 13 PY 2000 VL 284 IS 10 BP 1236 EP 1237 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 350WL UT WOS:000089124600013 ER PT J AU Bhattacharjee, AK AF Bhattacharjee, AK TI Electrostatic potential profiles may guide cation-pi interaction in antimalarials chloroquine and mefloquine: an ab initio quantum chemical study SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE-THEOCHEM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Annual Conference on Current Trends in Computational Chemistry (CCTCC) CY NOV 05-06, 1999 CL VICKSBURG, MISSISSIPPI DE ab initio (6-31G**) study; cation-aromatic pi-electron interaction; electrostatic potential profile; antimalarial agents ID MOLECULAR ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; HEMATIN POLYMERIZATION; INHIBITION; CHEMISTRY; BINDING AB The electrostatic potential profiles beyond the van der Waals surface of uncomplexed molecular fragments are used to guide the cation-pi interaction and equilibrium geometry for metal-aromatic complexes in antimalarials such as chloroquine (CQ), 1; 6-chloro CQ, 2; CQ without a chlorine atom, 3; and,mefloquine, 4. The binding energies of sodium ion with the pi-electrons of the aromatic ring were calculated and compared with the published results in simple aromatics using the ab initio 6-31(**) quantum chemical method. ii significant difference in binding energy, geometry and site of interaction is observed between the 1-Na+ and 4-Na+ complexes implying two different mechanistic paths for this type of noncovalent interaction. The relative binding affinity and equilibrium geometry of complexes of some commonly found mammalian biometals such as zinc, calcium, magnesium and iron with the: aromatic pi-electrons in 1 and 4 are calculated using the 3-21G(*) basis set. The calculated affinity orders are Zn(II) > Fe(II) > Mg(II) > Ca(II) for 1 and Mg(II)> Ca(II)> Zn(II)> Fe(II) for 4, respectively. In all these calculated equilibrium geometries, the electrostatic potential profile of the uncomplexed molecule appears to play a major role in determining the cation-pi noncovalent interaction. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Dept Med Chem, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Bhattacharjee, AK (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Dept Med Chem, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 24 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-1280 J9 J MOL STRUC-THEOCHEM JI Theochem-J. Mol. Struct. PD SEP 8 PY 2000 VL 529 SI SI BP 193 EP 201 DI 10.1016/S0166-1280(00)00546-7 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 358EE UT WOS:000089543600024 ER PT J AU Sorescu, DC Rice, BM Thompson, DL AF Sorescu, DC Rice, BM Thompson, DL TI Theoretical studies of solid nitromethane SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; NITRAMINE CRYSTALS; INTERNAL-ROTATION; PACKING; RDX; TRANSFERABILITY; DECOMPOSITION; PRESSURE; HMX AB A classical potential to simulate the dynamics of a nitromethane crystal as a function of temperature and pressure is described. The intramolecular part of the potential was taken as superposition of bond stretching, bond bending, and torsional angles terms. These terms were parametrized on the basis of the geometric and spectroscopic (vibrational frequencies and eigenvectors) data obtained using ab initio molecular orbital calculations performed at the B3LYP/6-31G* level on an isolated molecule. The intermolecular potential used is of the Buckingham 6-exp form plus charge-charge Coulombic interactions and has been previously developed by us (Sorescu, D. C.; Rice, B. M.; Thompson, D. L. J. Phys. Chem. 1997, B101, 798) to simulate crystals containing nitramine molecules and several other classes of nitro compounds. The analyses performed using constant pressure and temperature molecular dynamics simulations and molecular packing calculations indicate that the proposed potential model is able to reproduce accurately the changes of the structural crystallographic parameters as functions of temperature or pressure for the entire range of values investigated. In addition, the calculated bulk modulus of nitromethane was found in excellent agreement with the corresponding experimental results. Moreover, it was determined that the present potential predicts correctly an experimentally observed 45 degrees change in methyl group orientation in the high-pressure regime relative to the low-temperature configuration. The analysis of the linear expansion coefficients and linear compression data indicate anisotropic behavior for the unit cell edges. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Chem, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Rice, BM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 43 TC 81 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5647 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD SEP 7 PY 2000 VL 104 IS 35 BP 8406 EP 8419 DI 10.1021/jp000942q PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 359HD UT WOS:000089604700011 ER PT J AU Leonard, SS Wang, SW Shi, XL Jordan, BS Castranova, V Dubick, MA AF Leonard, SS Wang, SW Shi, XL Jordan, BS Castranova, V Dubick, MA TI Wood smoke particles generate free radicals and cause lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, NF kappa B activation and TNF-alpha release in macrophages SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE wood smoke; free radicals; DNA damage ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; PERFLUORO POLYMERS; SILICA; INJURY; PYROLYSIS; MESSENGER; INDUCTION; EXPOSURE; PRODUCTS; INVITRO AB The present study investigated the generation of free radicals by wood smoke and cellular injuries caused by these radicals. Wood smoke was collected after thermolysis of western bark. Electron spin resonance (ESR) techniques were used to measure both carbon-centered radicals and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by wood smoke. Wood smoke, in the presence of H2O2, was found to be able to generate hydroxyl radical ((OH)-O-.). DNA strand breakage was measured by exposing wood smoke to lambda Hind III fragments using gel electrophoresis. Wood smoke combined with H2O2 caused DNA damage. Sodium formate, an (OH)-O-. radical scavenger, or deferoxamine, a metal chelator, inhibited the DNA damage. Cellular DNA damage was also measured in cultured RAW 264.7 mouse macrophage cells by the single cell gel (SCG) electrophoresis assay. Cells were exposed to wood smoke samples for various times and significant DNA damage was observed. Elemental analysis was performed on the filter samples and the presence of Fe was noteworthy. Wood smoke is also able to cause lipid peroxidation, activate nuclear transcription factor, NF kappa B, and enhance the release of TNF-alpha from RAW 264.7 cells. The results indicate that the free radicals generated by wood smoke through the reaction of Fe with H2O2 are able to cause DNA and cellular damage and may act as a fibrogenic agent. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Pathol & Physiol Res Branch, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. W Virginia Univ, Dept Basic Pharmaceut Sci, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Castranova, V (reprint author), NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Pathol & Physiol Res Branch, MS 2015,1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RI Shi, Xianglin/B-8588-2012 NR 38 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD SEP 7 PY 2000 VL 150 IS 1-3 BP 147 EP 157 DI 10.1016/S0300-483X(00)00256-0 PG 11 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 358GA UT WOS:000089549200012 PM 10996671 ER PT J AU Lakinsmith, BR AF Lakinsmith, BR TI Army worked on goggles SO AVIATION WEEK & SPACE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 USA, Aviat & Missile Command, Aeroflightdynam Directorate,NASA Rotocraft Div, Flight Control & Cockpit Integrat Branch, Moffett Field, CA USA. RP Lakinsmith, BR (reprint author), USA, Aviat & Missile Command, Aeroflightdynam Directorate,NASA Rotocraft Div, Flight Control & Cockpit Integrat Branch, Moffett Field, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MCGRAW HILL INC PI NEW YORK PA 1221 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10020 USA SN 0005-2175 J9 AVIAT WEEK SPACE TEC JI Aviat. Week Space Technol. PD SEP 4 PY 2000 VL 153 IS 10 BP 12 EP 12 PG 1 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 351AX UT WOS:000089134800009 ER PT J AU Lange, JT Lange, CL Cabaltica, RBG AF Lange, JT Lange, CL Cabaltica, RBG TI Primary care treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Article ID COMORBIDITY; PREVALENCE; PTSD AB Post-traumatic stress disorder, a psychiatric disorder, arises following exposure to perceived life-threatening trauma. Its symptoms can mimic those of anxiety or depressive disorders, but with appropriate screening, the diagnosis is easily made. Current treatment strategies combine patient education; pharmacologic interventions, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, trazodone and clonidine; and psychotherapy. As soon after the trauma as possible, techniques to prevent the development of post-traumatic stress disorder, such as structured stress debriefings, should be administered. A high index of suspicion for post-traumatic stress disorder is needed in patients with a history of significant trauma. C1 Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Ft Gordon, GA USA. RP Lange, JT (reprint author), Mental Hlth Clin, 89th MDG, Andrews AFB, MD 20762 USA. NR 16 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 4 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 USA SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD SEP 1 PY 2000 VL 62 IS 5 BP 1035 EP 1040 PG 6 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 353NP UT WOS:000089282600008 PM 10997529 ER PT J AU Robertson, SC Colborn, AP AF Robertson, SC Colborn, AP TI Can we improve outcomes research by expanding research methods? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NIH, Occupat Therapy Sect, Dept Rehabil Med, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Occupat Therapy Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Robertson, SC (reprint author), 5618 Greentree Rd, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY ASSOC, INC PI BETHESDA PA 4720 MONTGOMERY LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3425 USA SN 0272-9490 J9 AM J OCCUP THER JI Am. J. Occup. Ther. PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 54 IS 5 BP 541 EP 543 DI 10.5014/ajot.54.5.541 PG 3 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA 356CT UT WOS:000089427300013 PM 11006815 ER PT J AU Szebeni, J Baranyi, L Savay, S Bodo, M Morse, DS Basta, M Stahl, GL Bunger, R Alving, CR AF Szebeni, J Baranyi, L Savay, S Bodo, M Morse, DS Basta, M Stahl, GL Bunger, R Alving, CR TI Liposome-induced pulmonary hypertension: properties and mechanism of a complement-mediated pseudoallergic reaction SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-HEART AND CIRCULATORY PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hypersensitivity reactions; anaphylatoxin; hemoglobin; IgM-enriched intravenous immunoglobulin; hemodynamics ID ANTI-CHOLESTEROL ANTIBODIES; ENCAPSULATED HEMOGLOBIN; IN-VITRO; ALTERNATIVE PATHWAY; ACTIVATION; ANAPHYLATOXINS; AMPHOTERICIN; DOXORUBICIN; INHIBITION; IMMUNITY AB Intravenous injection of liposomes can cause significant pulmonary hypertension in pigs, a vasoconstrictive response that provides a sensitive model for the cardiopulmonary distress in humans caused by some liposomal drugs. The reaction was recently shown to be a manifestation of "complement activation-related pseudoallergy" (CARPA; Szebeni J, Fontana JL, Wassef NM, Mongan PD, Morse DS, Dobbins DE, Stahl GL, Bunger R, and Alving CR. Circulation 99: 2302-2309, 1999). In the present study we demonstrate that the composition, size, and administration method of liposomes have significant influence on pulmonary vasoactivity, which varied between instantaneously lethal (following bolus injection of 5 mg lipid) to nondetectable (despite infusion of a 2,000-fold higher dose). Experimental conditions augmenting the pulmonary hypertensive response included the presence of dimyristoyl phosphatidylglycerol, 71 mol% cholesterol, distearoyl phosphatidylcholine, and hemoglobin in liposomes, increased vesicle size and polydispersity, and bolus injection vs. slow infusion. The vasoactivity of large multilamellar liposomes was reproduced with human C3a, C5a, and xenoreactive immunoglobulins, and it correlated with the complement activating and natural antibody binding potential of vesicles. Unilamellar, monodisperse liposomes with 0.19 +/- 0.10 mm mean diameter had no significant vasoactivity. These data indicate that liposome-induced pulmonary hypertension in pigs is multifactorial, it is due to natural antibody-triggered classic pathway complement activation and it can be prevented by appropriate tailoring of the structure and administration method of vesicles. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Membrane Biochem, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Natl Stroke Prevent Fdn, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Brigham & Womens Hosp,Dept Anesthesia, Ctr Expt Therapeut & Reperfus Injury, Boston, MA 02115 USA. NINDS, Epilepsy Res Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Physiol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Szebeni, J (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Membrane Biochem, 503 Robert Grant Rd, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R0 76HB] NR 41 TC 72 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0363-6135 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-HEART C JI Am. J. Physiol.-Heart Circul. Physiol. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 279 IS 3 BP H1319 EP H1328 PG 10 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Physiology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Physiology GA 355HC UT WOS:000089379400055 PM 10993799 ER PT J AU Claybaugh, JR Sato, AK Crosswhite, LK Hassell, LH AF Claybaugh, JR Sato, AK Crosswhite, LK Hassell, LH TI Effects of time of day, gender, and menstrual cycle phase on the human response to a water load SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE circadian rhythm; vasopressin; urine flow; urine osmolality; plasma osmolality ID PLASMA VASOPRESSIN; DEHYDRATED HUMANS; RENAL RESPONSES; ELECTROLYTE; SECRETION; HORMONES; FLUID; DRINKING; SALINE; WOMEN AB Estrogen and progesterone interference with renal actions of arginine vasopressin (AVP) has been shown. Thus we hypothesized that women will have a higher water turnover than men and that the greatest difference will be during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Seven men (32 +/- 3 yr) and six women (33 +/- 2 yr) drank 12 ml water/kg lean body mass on different days at 0800 and at 2000 following 10 h of fast and a standardized meal at 0600 and 1800. Women participated on days 4-11 and 19-25 of the menstrual cycle. Initial urine and plasma osmolalities and urine flow rates were similar in all experiments. The cumulative urine voided over 3 h following the morning drink was less in men (73 +/- 12% of the water load) compared with women in either the follicular (100 +/- 3%) or luteal phases (102 +/- 10%) of the menstrual cycle. Nighttime values (30-43% of the water load) were lower in all experiments and were not different between sexes or menstrual cycle phases. Plasma AVP was higher at night and may contribute to this diurnal response. The data are generally consistent with the stated hypothesis; however, possibly owing to the greatly reduced urine flow in both sexes at night, a difference between sexes was not observed at that time. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Tripler Army Med Ctr, HI 96859 USA. RP Claybaugh, JR (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, MCHK-CI,CDR TAMC,1 Jarrett White Rd, Tripler Army Med Ctr, HI 96859 USA. NR 28 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0363-6119 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-REG I JI Am. J. Physiol.-Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 279 IS 3 BP R966 EP R973 PG 8 WC Physiology SC Physiology GA 347CP UT WOS:000088910100026 PM 10956255 ER PT J AU Convertino, VA Ludwig, DA AF Convertino, VA Ludwig, DA TI Validity of (V)over-dot-O-2max in predicting blood volume: implications for the effect of fitness on aging SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE maximal oxygen uptake; age; body surface area; body fat ID AEROBIC CAPACITY; HEALTHY-YOUNG; PLASMA; MEN AB A multiple regression model was constructed to investigate the premise that blood volume (BV) could be predicted using several anthropometric variables, age, and maximal oxygen uptake ((V) over dot O-2max). To test this hypothesis, age, calculated body surface area (height/weight composite), percent body fat (hydrostatic weight), and (V) over dot O-2max were regressed on to BV using data obtained from 66 normal healthy men. Results from the evaluation of the full model indicated that the most parsimonious result was obtained when age and (V) over dot O-2max were regressed on BV expressed per kilogram body weight. The full model accounted for 52% of the total variance in BV per kilogram body weight. Both age and (V) over dot O-2max were related to BV in the positive direction. Percent body fat contributed <1% to the explained variance in BV when expressed in absolute BV (ml) or as BV per kilogram body weight. When the model was cross validated on 41 new subjects and BV per kilogram body weight was reexpressed as raw BV, the results indicated that the statistical model would be stable under cross validation (e.g., predictive applications) with an accuracy of +/- 1,200 ml at 95% confidence. Our results support the hypothesis that BV is an increasing function of aerobic fitness and to a lesser extent the age of the subject. The results may have implication as to a mechanism by which aerobic fitness and activity may be protective against reduced BV associated with aging. C1 USA, Inst Surg Res, Lib Branch, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Math Sci, Greensboro, NC 27402 USA. RP Convertino, VA (reprint author), USA, Inst Surg Res, Lib Branch, 3400 Rawley E Chambers Ave,Bldg 3611, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 38 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0363-6119 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-REG I JI Am. J. Physiol.-Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 279 IS 3 BP R1068 EP R1075 PG 8 WC Physiology SC Physiology GA 347CP UT WOS:000088910100038 PM 10956267 ER PT J AU Kransdorf, MJ Murphey, MD AF Kransdorf, MJ Murphey, MD TI Radiologic evaluation of soft-tissue masses: A current perspective SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LARGE REFERRAL POPULATION; GADOPENTETATE DIMEGLUMINE; MUSCULOSKELETAL TUMORS; COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; ADVERSE REACTION; PRIMARY BONE; MR; CT; SARCOMAS; BENIGN C1 Mayo Clin, Dept Radiol, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Radiol & Nucl Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Radiol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Kransdorf, MJ (reprint author), Mayo Clin, Dept Radiol, 4500 San Pablo Rd, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA. NR 62 TC 84 Z9 93 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ROENTGEN RAY SOC PI RESTON PA 1891 PRESTON WHITE DR, SUBSCRIPTION FULFILLMENT, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0361-803X J9 AM J ROENTGENOL JI Am. J. Roentgenol. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 175 IS 3 BP 575 EP + PG 13 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 347CR UT WOS:000088910300002 PM 10954433 ER PT J AU Warme, WJ Brooks, D AF Warme, WJ Brooks, D TI The effect of circumferential taping on flexor tendon pulley failure in rock climbers SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CLIMBING INJURIES; WRIST; FINGER; HAND AB The purpose of this study was to determine whether circumferential taping of the base of the finger increases the A2 pulley's load to failure in a model simulating a rock climber's grip. Nine pairs of fresh-frozen cadaveric hands, 20 to 47 years of age, were rigidly mounted in a specialized jig that maintained the finger in the climber's "crimp" position. Two of the four fingers of each hand were reinforced over the A2 pulley with three wraps of cloth adhesive tape. The flexor digitortrm profundus and superficialis tendons were distracted until pulley or tendon failure. Overall, A2 pulley strength was greater in male specimens than in female specimens, and the A2 pulley of the small finger was the weakest tested. The A2 pulley failed simultaneously with the A3 and A4 pulleys in 55% of the tests. In the remaining trials, a single pulley failed initially followed by the remainder of the sheath. Of the 72 fingers studied, complete data were available for comparison of 22 pairs of fingers. No statistically significant difference in load to A2 pulley failure was noted between the taped and untaped finger pairs. Based on our findings we do not support taping the base of the fingers as a prophylactic measure against flexor tendon sheath injury in the climbing athlete. C1 William Beaumont Army Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed, El Paso, TX 79920 USA. USA, Inst Surg Res, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Warme, WJ (reprint author), William Beaumont Army Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed, 5005 N Piedras St, El Paso, TX 79920 USA. NR 46 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER ORTHOPAEDIC SOC SPORT MED PI WALTHAM PA 230 CALVARY STREET, WALTHAM, MA 02154 USA SN 0363-5465 J9 AM J SPORT MED JI Am. J. Sports Med. PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 28 IS 5 BP 674 EP 678 PG 5 WC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA 365JU UT WOS:000089948800009 PM 11032223 ER PT J AU Coleman, RE Song, GH Wirtz, RA AF Coleman, RE Song, GH Wirtz, RA TI Short report: Failure to select for chloroquine- or mefloquine-resistant Plasmodium berghei through drug pressure in Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID FALCIPARUM AB We investigated whether chloroquine- or mefloquine-resistant Plasmodium berghei could be selected through drug pressure applied during continuous cyclical transmission in Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes. Mosquitoes were infected by feeding them on mice previously inoculated with a drug-sensitive clone of P. berghei ANKA. Mosquitoes ingested mefloquine or chloroquine with the infectious blood-meal, or by feeding on a drug-treated (uninfected) mouse 4 or 10 days after the infectious blood-meal. Twenty-two days after being infected, mosquitoes transmitted sporozoites to uninfected mice. Blood from these animals was used to infect naive mice that were then used to reinitiate the mouse/mosquito/mouse cycle. A total of 20 passages through mosquitoes were completed while under drug pressure:. Drug-resistance levels were assessed in the initial clone and after 20 passages through mosquitoes. None of 18 "sub-clones" of parasites showed significant increases in chloroquine or mefloquine resistance, suggesting that exposure of sporogonic stage Plasmodium to chloroquine or mefloquine will not result in the development of drug resistance. C1 Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Entomol, USA Med Component, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Entomol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Shanghai Mil Med Univ, Dept Parasitol, Shanghai, Peoples R China. RP Coleman, RE (reprint author), Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Entomol, USA Med Component, 315-6 Rajvithi Rd, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 63 IS 3-4 BP 119 EP 120 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 437MG UT WOS:000168995000002 PM 11388501 ER PT J AU Tangkanakul, W Tharmaphornpil, P Plikaytis, BD Bragg, S Poonsuksombat, D Choomkasien, P Kingnate, D Ashford, DA AF Tangkanakul, W Tharmaphornpil, P Plikaytis, BD Bragg, S Poonsuksombat, D Choomkasien, P Kingnate, D Ashford, DA TI Risk factors associated with leptospirosis in northeastern Thailand, 1998 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article AB Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease of worldwide distribution caused by spirochetes of the genus Leptospira Humans are infected through direct contact with infected animals or through exposure to fresh water or soil contaminated by infected animal urine. Leptospirosis is characterized by acute fever that can be followed by a more severe, sometimes fatal illness that may include jaundice and renal failure (Weil's disease), meningitis, myocarditis, hemorrhagic pneumonitis, or hemodynamic collapse. To identify potential risk factors for leptospirosis in Thailand, we conducted a matched case-control study in Nakornratchasrima Province of the northeastern region. Fifty-nine cases and 118 controls were included in the study. Four activities in the two weeks prior to illness were independently associated with leptospirosis infection: walking through water (odds ratio [OR] = 4.9, 95%; confidence interval [CT] = 1.7-14.1), applying fertilizer in wet fields for more than 6 hr a day (OR = 3.4, 95% CI = 1.5-7.8), plowing in wet fields for more than 6 hr a day (OR = 3.5, 95% CI = 1.1-11.6), and pulling out rice plant sprouts in wet fields for more than 6 hr a day (OR = 3.1, 95% CI = 1.02-9.3). Identification of these risk factors on admission might prove useful for early diagnosis and treatment of leptospirosis in Thailand. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Minist Publ Hlth, Nonthaburi, Thailand. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok, Thailand. RP Tangkanakul, W (reprint author), Minist Publ Hlth, Nonthaburi, Thailand. NR 16 TC 52 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 63 IS 3-4 BP 204 EP 208 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 437MG UT WOS:000168995000017 PM 11388516 ER PT J AU Popa, C Fontana, JL Mongan, PD AF Popa, C Fontana, JL Mongan, PD TI Intravenous isoflurane lipid emulsion is more of a myocardial depressant than inhaled isoflurane SO ANESTHESIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0003-3022 J9 ANESTHESIOLOGY JI Anesthesiology PD SEP PY 2000 VL 93 IS 3A SU S MA A106 BP U130 EP U130 PG 1 WC Anesthesiology SC Anesthesiology GA 351BU UT WOS:000089136800104 ER PT J AU Xiao, Y Via, D Kyle, R Mackenzie, CF Burton, P AF Xiao, Y Via, D Kyle, R Mackenzie, CF Burton, P TI Stress with simulated trauma management measured by salivary amylase SO ANESTHESIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Maryland, USUHS, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. USA, Ballist Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0003-3022 J9 ANESTHESIOLOGY JI Anesthesiology PD SEP PY 2000 VL 93 IS 3A SU S MA A1226 BP U225 EP U225 PG 1 WC Anesthesiology SC Anesthesiology GA 351BU UT WOS:000089136801162 ER PT J AU Obney, JA Barnes, MJ Lisagor, PG Cohen, DJ AF Obney, JA Barnes, MJ Lisagor, PG Cohen, DJ TI A method for mediastinal drainage after cardiac procedures using small silastic drains SO ANNALS OF THORACIC SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th Annual Cardiothoracic Techniques and Technology Meeting 2000 CY JAN 27-29, 2000 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FLORIDA AB Background. It has been standard teaching in cardiac surgery that drainage of the mediastinum following cardiac surgical procedures is best accomplished using rigid large-bore chest tubes. Recent trends in cardiac surgery have suggested less invasive approaches to a variety of diseases. Difficult drainage problems in the field of general surgery including hepatic and pancreatic collections have been drained successfully with smaller flexible drains for many years. Additionally, many difficult to reach collections in the chest have been drained by invasive radiologists using small pigtail catheters. Methods. We have introduced drainage of the mediastinum using 10-mm flexible, flat, fluted Blake drains. To date, we have used these drains in more than 100 cardiac operations including coronary artery bypass grafting, valve repair/replacements, combined coronary artery bypass grafting/valve operations, heart transplants, septal defects, and mediastinal tumors. Results. We have demonstrated that this form of drainage is as good as using large-bore chest tubes with no significant risk of bleeding or tamponade. Additionally, use of these tubes is less painful, allows more mobility, and earlier discharge with functioning drains in place if necessary. Conclusions. Larger chest tubes are not necessarily better when it comes to draining the mediastinum. The actual area of ingress through the sideholes is considerably less than the surface area provided by the fluted Blake drain. We believe that this system can replace standard chest tubes. (Ann Thorac Surg 2000;70:1109-10) (C) 2000 by The Society of Thoracic Surgeons. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Cardiothorac Surg, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Obney, JA (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Cardiothorac Surg, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 5 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0003-4975 J9 ANN THORAC SURG JI Ann. Thorac. Surg. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 70 IS 3 BP 1109 EP 1110 DI 10.1016/S0003-4975(00)01800-2 PG 2 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Respiratory System; Surgery SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Respiratory System; Surgery GA 356MQ UT WOS:000089447400126 PM 11016389 ER PT J AU Gerwin, R Shannon, S AF Gerwin, R Shannon, S TI Interexaminer reliability and myofascial trigger points SO ARCHIVES OF PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION LA English DT Letter C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Gerwin, R (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. NR 3 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0003-9993 J9 ARCH PHYS MED REHAB JI Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 81 IS 9 BP 1257 EP 1258 DI 10.1053/apmr.2000.18575 PG 2 WC Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences SC Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences GA 350PM UT WOS:000089110400030 PM 10987177 ER PT J AU Sturm, M AF Sturm, M TI The spirit of the arctic and the next generation of arctic researchers SO ARCTIC LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USA Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab Alaska, Ft Wainwright, AK 99703 USA. RP Sturm, M (reprint author), USA Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab Alaska, POB 35170, Ft Wainwright, AK 99703 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARCTIC INST N AMER PI CALGARY PA UNIV OF CALGARY 2500 UNIVERSITY DRIVE NW 11TH FLOOR LIBRARY TOWER, CALGARY, ALBERTA T2N 1N4, CANADA SN 0004-0843 J9 ARCTIC JI Arctic PD SEP PY 2000 VL 53 IS 3 BP III EP IV PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 360VB UT WOS:000089687100001 ER PT J AU Zapor, M Rennie, T Murphy, FT Battafarano, DF AF Zapor, M Rennie, T Murphy, FT Battafarano, DF TI Clinical images: Neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Article C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78234 USA. RP Zapor, M (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78234 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 43 IS 9 BP 2045 EP 2045 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 357JC UT WOS:000089493900016 PM 11014355 ER PT J AU Byrne, MP Smith, LA AF Byrne, MP Smith, LA TI Development of vaccines for prevention of botulism SO BIOCHIMIE LA English DT Article DE botulinum neurotoxin; vaccine; C-fragment; purification; efficacy ID HIGH-LEVEL EXPRESSION; TOXIN FRAGMENT-C; FOREIGN GENE-EXPRESSION; NEUROTOXIN SEROTYPE-A; CLOSTRIDIUM-BOTULINUM; TETANUS TOXIN; PICHIA-PASTORIS; NEUROTRANSMITTER RELEASE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; IMMUNE-RESPONSE AB Botulism is a potentially lethal disease caused by one of seven homologous neurotoxic proteins usually produced by the bacterium, Clostridium botulinum. This neuromuscular disorder occurs through an exquisite series of molecular events, ultimately ending with the arrest of acetylcholine release and hence, flaccid paralysis. The development of vaccines that protect against botulism dates back to the 1940s. Currently, a pentavalent vaccine that protects against BoNT serotypes A-E and a separate monovalent vaccine that protects against BoNT serotype F are available as Investigational New Drugs. However, due to the numerous shortcomings associated with the toroid vaccines, several groups have efforts towards developing next-generation vaccines. Identifying a synthetic peptide that harbors a neutralizing epitope is one approach to a BoNT vaccine, while another employs the use of a Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus replicon vector to produce protective antigens in vivo against BoNT The strategy used in our laboratory is to design synthetic genes encoding non-toxic, carboxy-terminal fragments of the C.. botulinum neurotoxins (rBoNT(H-C)). The gene products are expressed in the yeast, Pichia pastoris, and purified to greater than 98% with yields typically ranging from 200-500 mg per kg of wet cells. Protective immunity to the purified products against high-level challenges of neurotoxin is elicited in mice and in non-human primates. A pre-Investigational New Drug meeting was held with the Food and Drug Administration, and the next milestone for the vaccine candidates will be clinical trials. (C) 2000 societe francaise de biochimie et biologie moleculaire / Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Dept Immunol & Mol Biol, Div Toxinol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Smith, LA (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Dept Immunol & Mol Biol, Div Toxinol, 1425 Porter St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 75 TC 145 Z9 155 U1 0 U2 5 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 0300-9084 J9 BIOCHIMIE JI Biochimie PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 82 IS 9-10 BP 955 EP 966 DI 10.1016/S0300-9084(00)01173-1 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 381XT UT WOS:000165789900017 PM 11086225 ER PT J AU Lu, ST Mathur, SP Stuck, B Zwick, H D'Andrea, JA Ziriax, JM Merritt, JH Lutty, G McLeod, DS Johnson, M AF Lu, ST Mathur, SP Stuck, B Zwick, H D'Andrea, JA Ziriax, JM Merritt, JH Lutty, G McLeod, DS Johnson, M TI Effects of high peak power microwaves on the retina of the rhesus monkey SO BIOELECTROMAGNETICS LA English DT Article DE electroretinogram; retinal angiogram; fundus photograph; retinal histopathology ID SODIUM IODATE INJECTION; INDUCED CATARACT; PRIMATE EYE; B-WAVE; ELECTRORETINOGRAM; LUMINANCE; ISCHEMIA; EXPOSURE; INVITRO; RABBIT AB We studied the retinal effects of 1.25 GHz high peak power microwaves in Rhesus monkeys. Preexposure fundus photographs, retinal angiograms, and electroretinograms (ERG) were obtained to screen for normal ocular structure and function and, after exposure, as endpoints of the study. Histopathology of the retina was an additional endpoint. Seventeen monkeys were randomly assigned to receive sham exposure or pulsed microwave exposures. Microwaves were delivered anteriorly to the face at 0, 4.3, 8.4, or 20.2 W/kg spatially and temporally averaged retinal specific absorption rates (R-SAR). The pulse characteristics were 1.04MW (approximate to 1.30 MW/kg temporal peak R-SAR), 5.59 mu s pulse length at 0, 0.59, 1.18, and 2.79 Hz pulse repetition rates. Exposure was 4 h per day and 3 days per week for 3 weeks, for a total of nine exposures. The preexposure and postexposure fundus pictures and angiograms were all within normal limits. The response of cone photoreceptors to light flash was enhanced in monkeys exposed at 8.4 or 20.2 W/kg R-SAR, but not in monkeys exposed at 4.3 W/kg R-SAR. Scotopic (rod) response, maximum (combined cone and rod) response, and Naka-Rushton R-max and log K of scotopic b-waves were all within normal range. Retinal histopathology revealed the presence of enhanced glycogen storage in photoreceptors among sham (2/5), 8.4 W/kg (3/3), and 20.2 W/kg (2/5) exposed monkeys, while enhanced glycogen storage was not observed in the 4.3 W/kg (0/4) exposed group. Supranormal cone photoreceptor b-wave was R-SAR dependent and may be an early indicator of mild injury. However no evidence of degenerative changes and ERG depression was seen. We concluded that retinal injury is very unlikely at 3 W/kg. Functional changes that occur at higher R-SAR are probably reversible since we saw no evidence of histopathologic correlation with ERG changes. Published 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 USA, MCMR, McKessonHBOC BioServ, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. USA, Med Res Detachment, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr Detachment, Brooks AFB, TX USA. USAF, Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Wilmer Eye Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Maryland, Maryland Ctr Eye Care, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Lu, ST (reprint author), USA, MCMR, McKessonHBOC BioServ, 8308 Hawks Rd,Bldg 1168, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 54 TC 14 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0197-8462 J9 BIOELECTROMAGNETICS JI Bioelectromagnetics PD SEP PY 2000 VL 21 IS 6 BP 439 EP 454 DI 10.1002/1521-186X(200009)21:6<439::AID-BEM4>3.0.CO;2-9 PG 16 WC Biology; Biophysics SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics GA 348EF UT WOS:000088972000004 PM 10972948 ER PT J AU Chen, CZS Beck-Tan, NC Dhurjati, P van Dyk, TK LaRossa, RA Cooper, SL AF Chen, CZS Beck-Tan, NC Dhurjati, P van Dyk, TK LaRossa, RA Cooper, SL TI Quaternary ammonium functionalized poly(propylene imine) dendrimers as effective antimicrobials: Structure-activity studies SO BIOMACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID ELECTROSPRAY MASS-SPECTROMETRY; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; BUILDING-BLOCKS; ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; BIOLUMINESCENCE; POLYCATIONS; BIOCIDES; REACTIVITY; CHEMISTRY AB Quaternary ammonium functionalized poly(propyleneimine) dendrimers were synthesized and their antibacterial properties were evaluated using a bioluminescence method. These quaternary ammonium dendrimers are very potent biocides. The antibacterial properties depend on the size of the dendrimer, the length of hydrophobic chains in the quaternary ammonium groups, and the counteranion. Since these dendrimers are well characterized and monodisperse, they also serve as an effective system to study the structure-activity relationship. The antimicrobial properties of these dendrimer biocides have a parabolic dependence on molecular weight, which is different from the bell-shaped molecular weight dependence of conventional polymer biocides. The dependence on the hydrophobic chain of the quaternary ammonium structure is similar to conventional polymer biocides, and shows a parabolic relationship with dendrimer biocides carrying C-10 hydrophobes the most potent. The antimicrobial properties of these novel biocides with bromide anions are more potent than those with chloride anions. Biocides derived from hyperbranched polymers were also synthesized and found to possess somewhat lower effectiveness. C1 Dupont Co, Cent Res & Dev, Wilmington, DE 19880 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. USA, Res Lab, Polymer Res Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Cooper, SL (reprint author), IIT, 10 West 33rd St, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. NR 49 TC 233 Z9 242 U1 7 U2 65 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1525-7797 J9 BIOMACROMOLECULES JI Biomacromolecules PD FAL PY 2000 VL 1 IS 3 BP 473 EP 480 DI 10.1021/bm0055495 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 433HZ UT WOS:000168755100026 PM 11710139 ER PT J AU Alderton, JM Ahmed, SA Smith, LA Steinhardt, RA AF Alderton, JM Ahmed, SA Smith, LA Steinhardt, RA TI Evidence for a vesicle-mediated maintenance of store-operated calcium channels in a human embryonic kidney cell line SO CELL CALCIUM LA English DT Article ID BREFELDIN-A; CA2+ INFLUX; DIFFUSIBLE MESSENGER; GUANINE-NUCLEOTIDE; MEMBRANE-PROTEIN; BINDING PROTEIN; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; TETANUS; ENTRY; MECHANISM AB Direct microinjection of the clostridial neurotoxins botulinum neurotoxin A light chain or tetanus neurotoxin into cells of a human embryonic kidney cell line significantly reduced calcium entry after depletion of internal calcium stores by cyclopiazonic acid, a reversible inhibitor of the sarcoplasmic-endoplasmic reticular calcium-ATPases. Botulinum neurotoxin A light chain specifically hydrolyzes a synaptosomal-associated protein of 25 kilodaltons (SNAP-25), and tetanus neurotoxin specifically hydrolyzes synaptobrevin-2 (vesicle-associated membrane protein 2, VAMP-2) and cellubrevin (vesicle-associated membrane protein 3, VAMP-3). Since these substrate proteins are required for vesicle docking and fusion, inhibition of store-operated calcium entry by botulinum neurotoxin A light chain and tetanus neurotoxin supports a model in which vesicle fusion is a prerequisite for activation of store-operated calcium entry. Brefeldin A, a fungal metabolite that interferes with vesicle traffic, partially reduced calcium entry following store depletion. The size of the reserve pool of vesicles or parallel vesicle recycling pathways employing brefeldin A-sensitive and brefeldin A-insensitive ADP-ribosylation factors may explain the failure of brefeldin A to completely inhibit store-operated calcium entry. (C) 2000 Harcourt Publishers Ltd. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USA, Dept Immunol & Mol Biol, Toxinol Div, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Steinhardt, RA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, 391 LSA 3200, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU NIAMS NIH HHS [R01 AR44066] NR 46 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE PI EDINBURGH PA JOURNAL PRODUCTION DEPT, ROBERT STEVENSON HOUSE, 1-3 BAXTERS PLACE, LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH EH1 3AF, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND SN 0143-4160 J9 CELL CALCIUM JI Cell Calcium PD SEP PY 2000 VL 28 IS 3 BP 161 EP 169 DI 10.1054/ceca.2000.0144 PG 9 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 368KV UT WOS:000090116900003 PM 11020378 ER PT J AU Torrington, KG AF Torrington, KG TI Bronchoscopy training and competency - How many are enough? SO CHEST LA English DT Editorial Material ID SKILLS C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Torrington, KG (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, 1 Jarrett White Rd, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 9 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 USA SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD SEP PY 2000 VL 118 IS 3 BP 572 EP 573 DI 10.1378/chest.118.3.572 PG 2 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 355KA UT WOS:000089383800003 PM 10988171 ER PT J AU Britten, CD Baker, SD Denis, LJ Johnson, T Drengler, R Siu, LL Duchin, K Kuhn, J Rowinsky, EK AF Britten, CD Baker, SD Denis, LJ Johnson, T Drengler, R Siu, LL Duchin, K Kuhn, J Rowinsky, EK TI Oral paclitaxel and concurrent cyclosporin A: Targeting clinically relevant systemic exposure to paclitaxel SO CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HUMAN LIVER-MICROSOMES; P-GLYCOPROTEIN; MULTIDRUG-RESISTANCE; BREAST-CANCER; NONLINEAR PHARMACOKINETICS; HUMAN CYTOCHROME-P-450; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; TAXOL METABOLISM; 3-HOUR INFUSION; OVARIAN-CANCER AB Oral paclitaxel is not inherently bioavailable because of the overexpression of P-glycoprotein by intestinal cells and the significant first-pass extraction by cytochrome P450-dependent processes. This study sought to simulate the toxicological and pharmacological profile of a clinically relevant schedule of paclitaxel administered on clinically relevant i.v. dosing schedules in patients with advanced solid malignancies using oral paclitaxel administered with cyclosporin A, an inhibitor of both P-glycoprotein and P450 CYP3A. Nine patients were treated with a single course of oral paclitaxel in its parenteral formulation at a paclitaxel dose Level of 180, 360, or 540 mg. Cyclosporin A was administered at a dose of 5 mg/kg p.o. 1 h before and concurrently with oral paclitaxel. Blood sampling was performed to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of paclitaxel, 6-alpha-hydroxypaclitaxel, 3-rho-hydroxypaclitaxel, and cyclosporin A. The pharmacokinetic behavior of paclitaxel was characterized using both compartmental and noncompartmental methods. Model-estimated parameters were used to simulate paclitaxel concentrations after once daily and twice daily oral administration of paclitaxel and cyclosporin A. Aside from an unpleasant taste, the oral regimen was well tolerated, and there were no grade 3 or 4 drug-related toxicities. The systemic exposure to paclitaxel, as assessed by maximum plasma concentration (C-max) and area under the plasma concentration versus time curve (AUC) values, did not increase as the dose of paclitaxel was increased from 180 to 540 mg, and there was substantial interindividual variability (4-6-fold) at each dose level. Mean paclitaxel C-max values approached plasma concentrations achieved with clinically relevant parenteral dose schedules, averaging 268 +/- 164 ng/ml. AUC values averaged 3306 +/- 1977 ng.h/ ml, which was significantly lower than AUC values achieved with clinically relevant i.v. paclitaxel dose schedules. However, computer simulations using pharmacokinetic parameters derived from the present study demonstrated that pharmacodynamically relevant steady-state plasma paclitaxel concentrations of at least 0.06 mu M would be achieved after protracted once daily and twice daily dosing with oral paclitaxel and cyclosporin A. Paclitaxel metabolites were detectable in three patients, and the 6-alpha-hydroxypaclitaxel: paclitaxel and 3-rho-hydroxypaclitaxel:paclitaxel AUC ratios averaged 0.63 and 0.86, respectively; these values were substantially higher than values reported in patients treated with i.v. paclitaxel. Oral paclitaxel was bioavailable in humans when administered in combination with oral cyclosporin A 5 mg/kg 1 h before and concurrently with paclitaxel treatment, and plasma paclitaxel concentrations achieved with this schedule were biologically relevant and approached concentrations attained with clinically relevant parenteral dose schedules. However, treatment of patients with oral paclitaxel using a single oral dose administration schedule failed to achieve sufficiently high systemic drug exposure and pharmacodynamic effects. In contrast, computer simulations demonstrated that clinically relevant pharmacodynamic effects are likely to be achieved with multiple once daily and twice daily oral paclitaxel-cyclosporin A dosing schedules. C1 Canc Therapy & Res Ctr, Inst Drug Dev, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Baker Norton Pharmaceut Inc, Miami, FL 33137 USA. RP Rowinsky, EK (reprint author), Canc Therapy & Res Ctr, Inst Drug Dev, 8122 Datapoint Dr,Suite 700, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. NR 53 TC 31 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI BIRMINGHAM PA PO BOX 11806, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35202 USA SN 1078-0432 J9 CLIN CANCER RES JI Clin. Cancer Res. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 6 IS 9 BP 3459 EP 3468 PG 10 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 352NK UT WOS:000089224600012 PM 10999729 ER PT J AU McKee, KT Shields, TM Jenkins, PR Zenilman, JM Glass, GE AF McKee, KT Shields, TM Jenkins, PR Zenilman, JM Glass, GE TI Application of a geographic information system to the tracking anti control of an outbreak of shigellosis SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Infectious-Diseases-Society-of-America CY NOV 18-21, 1999 CL PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA SP Infect Dis Soc Amer ID DAY-CARE-CENTERS; SONNEI; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INFECTION; ILLNESS; KENYA AB A personal computer-based commercial geographic information system (GIS) was applied to an outbreak of Shigella sonnei infection at Fort Bragg, North Carolina. We used a database consisting of demographic, temporal, and home-address information for all recognized cases of S. sonnei that occurred among health care beneficiaries from 23 May 1997 through 14 August 1997, We imported this database into the GIS, which contained a digitized basemap of the local community. Through simultaneous examination of temporal and spatial distribution of the 59 identified cases of S. sonnei, a focus of infection in a single housing area was identified. Targeted education among residents of the neighborhood in which there was intense transmission was associated with prompt extinction of the epidemic. A GIS offers an efficient and practical way to directly visualize the dynamics of transmission of infectious diseases in the setting of a community outbreak. C1 Womack Army Med Ctr, Ft Bragg, NC USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn Advancement Mil Med, Rockville, MD USA. RP McKee, KT (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Med, 1425 Porter St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 25 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 31 IS 3 BP 728 EP 733 DI 10.1086/314050 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 368GB UT WOS:000090108400016 PM 11017823 ER PT J AU Walter, EA Gilliam, B Delmar, JA Spooner, K Morris, JT Aronson, N Wegner, SA Michael, NL Jagodzinski, LL AF Walter, EA Gilliam, B Delmar, JA Spooner, K Morris, JT Aronson, N Wegner, SA Michael, NL Jagodzinski, LL TI Clinical implications of identifying non-B subtypes of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HIV-1 MONITOR TEST; GENETIC DIVERSITY; PERINATAL TRANSMISSION; RISK-FACTORS; PLASMA; RNA; QUANTIFICATION; PERFORMANCE; PREVALENCE AB Although human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-I) infection in the United States has predominantly involved subtype B, increasing global travel is leading to wider dissemination of genetically heterogeneous subtypes, While physicians depend on HIV-1 viral load measurements to guide antiretroviral therapy, commonly used molecular assays may underestimate the viral load of patients with non-B subtypes, Nine patients with non-B subtypes of HIV-1 were identified by physicians who suspected a non-B subtype on the basis of a low or undetectable HIV-I viral load, by the Amplicor HIV-1 Monitor test, version 1.0, in conjunction with either a declining CD4 cell count or history of travel outside the United States. Use of version 1.5 of the Amplicor HIV-I Monitor test detected a median HIV-1 viral load that was 2.0 log(10) RNA copies/ml higher than was determined with version 1.0, Clinical management was altered in all eases after diagnosis of a non-B-subtype infection. These cases demonstrate that it is critical for physicians to suspect and diagnose non-B subtypes of HIV-1 so that an assay with reliable subtype performance can be used to guide antiretroviral therapy. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Med, Infect Dis Serv, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Rockville, MD USA. USN, Natl Med Ctr, Dept Med, Infect Dis Serv, Bethesda, MD 20084 USA. Madigan Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Infect Dis Serv, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Infect Dis Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Walter, EA (reprint author), Dept Infect Dis, 2200 Bergquist Dr,Suite 1, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. NR 19 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 31 IS 3 BP 798 EP 802 DI 10.1086/314044 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 368GB UT WOS:000090108400026 PM 11017832 ER PT J AU Cummings, GH Natarajan, S Dewitt, CC Gardner, TL Garces, MC AF Cummings, GH Natarajan, S Dewitt, CC Gardner, TL Garces, MC TI Mycobacterium thermoresistible recovered from a cutaneous lesion in an otherwise healthy individual SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID IDENTIFICATION C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Microbiol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Cummings, GH (reprint author), 8238 Shoreway Dr, Fayetteville, NC 28304 USA. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 31 IS 3 BP 816 EP 817 DI 10.1086/314020 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 368GB UT WOS:000090108400032 PM 11017838 ER PT J AU Miller, HC AF Miller, HC TI The sensor insertion system, an installation alternative at Duck, NC, USA SO COASTAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE field studies; data collection; surf zone; sediment transport; suspended sediment; bottom boundary layer; bedforms; velocity distribution; turbidity ID LONGSHORE SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; STORMS; MODELS AB Field measurements are important for understanding coastal processes, verifying and calibrating numerical and physical models, and as direct input to coastal designs. Many aspects of coastal engineering are hampered by the lack of high quality field data particularly during storms. This paper introduces the Sensor Insertion System (SIS), which uses a somewhat different approach for measurements that has proven useful at the US Army Corps of Engineers Field Research Facility (FRF). The SIS is a pier-mounted diver-less instrument deployment and retrieval system that can be used to make measurements under calm or storm conditions anywhere across the surf zone. The SIS can operate in wave heights up to 5.6 m, with 20 m/s winds, and 2 m/s currents. The mobility of the SIS permits measurements to evolve with the morphology, thus avoiding many of the problems of traditional stationary instrument installations. The SIS approach is to use a single instrument array and reduce the cost and logistics of instrumenting the surf zone so that a long-term measurement capability can be maintained. This approach has helped overcome many of the obstacles of directly measuring storm longshore sediment transport processes at the FRF during the past six years. The utility of the SIS is demonstrated in this paper through examples of it's application for a variety of coastal science investigations. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Coastal & Hydraul Lab,Field Res Facil, Kitty Hawk, NC 27949 USA. RP Miller, HC (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Coastal & Hydraul Lab,Field Res Facil, 1261 Duck Rd, Kitty Hawk, NC 27949 USA. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA JOURNAL DEPT PO BOX 128 FARRER ROAD, SINGAPORE 912805, SINGAPORE SN 0578-5634 J9 COAST ENG J JI Coast Eng. J. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 42 IS 3 BP 273 EP 294 DI 10.1142/S0578563400000146 PG 22 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 359KY UT WOS:000089611100001 ER PT J AU Kagan, D Kagan, FW AF Kagan, D Kagan, FW TI Peace for our time? SO COMMENTARY LA English DT Article C1 Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Kagan, D (reprint author), Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER JEWISH COMMITTEE PI NEW YORK PA 165 E 56TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 0010-2601 J9 COMMENTARY JI Commentary PD SEP PY 2000 VL 110 IS 2 BP 42 EP 46 PG 5 WC Political Science; Social Issues SC Government & Law; Social Issues GA 346HZ UT WOS:000088866100036 ER PT J AU Chung, PW Tamma, KK Namburu, RR AF Chung, PW Tamma, KK Namburu, RR TI A micro/macro homogenization approach for viscoelastic creep analysis with dissipative correctors for heterogeneous woven-fabric layered media SO COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exhibition CY 1998 CL ANAHEIM, CALIFORNIA ID COMPOSITE-MATERIALS; CURE AB The analysis of heterogeneous structures containing micromechanical details is an active area of interest in composite materials. The present investigation proposes a novel finite-element approach for studying the viscoelastic creep problem in dual length-scale heterogeneous materials. To illustrate the approach, constituents at the micro-level are assumed to be isotropic single-parameter Kelvin-Voigt viscoelastic solids. Of the various homogenization approaches; because of its inherent advantages, the asymptotic expansion homogenization (AEH) approach is employed to resolve the multi-scale issue. Of key interest is the observation of the so-called dissipative corrector, a direct result of the mathematical derivation of the homogenized constitutive equation. Physically, it is due to the junction of dissimilar dissipative materials at the micro-level but it is required to ensure satisfaction of the equilibrium equations at both length scales. The analytical and computational developments employ existing material properties and constants to determine all relevant homogenized properties. A closed-form solution it; employed to verify the present formulations for a degenerated case of a homogeneous viscoelastic material subject to constant creep. Several test cases are also presented to illustrate the observations for a microstructure resembling layered woven fabric composites. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Mech Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Tamma, KK (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Mech Engn, 111 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. NR 29 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-3538 J9 COMPOS SCI TECHNOL JI Compos. Sci. Technol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 60 IS 12-13 SI SI BP 2233 EP 2253 DI 10.1016/S0266-3538(00)00018-X PG 21 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 370EY UT WOS:000165111600007 ER PT J AU Waller, JC Foster, N AF Waller, JC Foster, N TI Training via the web: a virtual instrument SO COMPUTERS & EDUCATION LA English DT Article DE applications of the WWW in chemistry; simulations; virtual reality; laboratory training; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) ID CHEMISTRY AB Using readily available software to capture screens from a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) while setting up and running actual experiments, we have developed a virtual GC-MS mounted on the World Wide Web to train students in instrument operation. This resource enables students to use any computer by which they have access to the Internet to learn how to run the instrument. The students learn to operate the virtual instrument using this program outside the laboratory, thus freeing the instrument for use within the laboratory periods to run meaningful experiments and collect data. The virtual instrument has proved popular with students and faculty at both, the undergraduate and graduate levels for its realism and usefulness. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lehigh Univ, Dept Chem, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. US Mil Acad, Dept Chem, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Foster, N (reprint author), Lehigh Univ, Dept Chem, 6 E Packer Ave, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. NR 15 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-1315 J9 COMPUT EDUC JI Comput. Educ. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 35 IS 2 BP 161 EP 167 DI 10.1016/S0360-1315(00)00023-3 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Education & Educational Research SC Computer Science; Education & Educational Research GA 334EE UT WOS:000088172600004 ER PT J AU Radke, A Mottaghy, K Goldmann, C Khorram-Sefat, R Kovacs, B Janssen, A Klosterhalfen, B Hafemann, B Pallua, N Kirschfink, M AF Radke, A Mottaghy, K Goldmann, C Khorram-Sefat, R Kovacs, B Janssen, A Klosterhalfen, B Hafemann, B Pallua, N Kirschfink, M TI C1 inhibitor prevents capillary leakage after thermal trauma SO CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE burns; immunology; complement; C1 inhibitor; therapy; inflammation; complement activation; complement analysis; capillary leakage; pigs; animal model ID ALTERNATIVE COMPLEMENT PATHWAY; RESPIRATORY-DISTRESS SYNDROME; NEUTROPHIL ACTIVATION; 1ST COMPONENT; BURN INJURY; C1-INHIBITOR; INACTIVATION; PROTEIN; PLASMA; MODEL AB Objective:ln burned patients, activation of the complement and clotting systems is suggested to play an important role in the development of the capillary leak syndrome and inflammatory tissue destruction. In an animal model of thermal trauma, the possible protective effect of C1 inhibitor (C1lnh), a major control protein of both the complement and clotting systems, was investigated, Design:Prospective, controlled study. Setting: Animal model. Subjects: Healthy pigs weighing 30 kg, Interventions: Pigs were scalded for 25 sees with 75 degrees C hot water to achieve a 30% total body surface deep partial-thickness burn, The treatment group (n = 8) received C1lnh concentrate at an initial dose of 100 units/kg body weight immediately after thermal trauma, followed by three further applications every 12 hrs, Two control groups included animals that were either scalded (n = 8) or not scalded (n = 7) and treated with lactated Ringer's solution, Measurements: Before and at various time points after trauma blood samples were analyzed for complement activation (APH(50), CH50, SC5b-9, C3), Continuous monitoring of hemodynamic variables was performed and postmortem histologic examination of specimens from lung, heart, liver, kidney, stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and colon was carried out, Aseptically collected mesenteric lymph nodes were pooled and screened for bacterial translocation, For evaluation of the burn wound, biopsies from defined scalded and not scalded areas were taken daily. As a measure for edema formation, the weight of the animals was recorded every 2 hrs, Results:After C1lnh treatment, which led to a significantly reduced complement activation, the clinical outcome was clearly improved, as indicated by vital signs and as demonstrated by reduced edema formation, Treated animals presented a diminished bacterial translocation, Pathologic alterations were clearly diminished in the burned skin, in shock-related organs, and in the intestines. Conclusion: Application of C1lnh appears to be an effective means to prevent capillary leakage and inflammatory tissue destruction after thermal trauma. C1 Aachen Tech Univ, Clin Plast Surg Hand & Burn Surg, Aachen, Germany. Aachen Tech Univ, Inst Physiol, Aachen, Germany. Aachen Tech Univ, Inst Pathol, Aachen, Germany. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Inst Clin Physiol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Centeon Pharma GmbH, Marburg, Germany. Univ Heidelberg, Inst Immunol, D-6900 Heidelberg, Germany. RP Radke, A (reprint author), Aachen Tech Univ, Clin Plast Surg Hand & Burn Surg, Aachen, Germany. OI Radke, Alexander/0000-0001-8548-1293 NR 55 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0090-3493 J9 CRIT CARE MED JI Crit. Care Med. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 28 IS 9 BP 3224 EP 3232 DI 10.1097/00003246-200009000-00018 PG 9 WC Critical Care Medicine SC General & Internal Medicine GA 356RW UT WOS:000089457500016 PM 11008986 ER PT J AU Tsokos, GC Wong, HK Enyedy, EJ Nambiar, MP AF Tsokos, GC Wong, HK Enyedy, EJ Nambiar, MP TI Immune cell signaling in lupus SO CURRENT OPINION IN RHEUMATOLOGY LA English DT Review ID RECEPTOR ZETA-CHAIN; T-CELLS; DISEASE PROGRESSION; GENETIC DISSECTION; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; CD40 LIGAND; B-CELLS; ERYTHEMATOSUS; LYMPHOCYTES; ACTIVATION AB The fate of the lymphocyte is determined by integration of signals delivered after the binding of antigen to the surface antigen receptor, signals delivered by cytokines that bind to their surface receptors, and signals initiated after the engagement of other surface receptors, known as costimulatory molecules. The summation of this input determines whether the immune cell will become stimulated, ignore the signal (anergy), or die (apoptosis). Antigen-receptor signaling events are abnormal in lupus lymphocytes, manifested by increased calcium responses and hyperphosphorylation of several cytosolic protein substrates. Further down, at the gene transcription level, the activity of the nuclear factor kappa B is decreased. These events are underwritten by defective T cell receptor zeta chain expression, overexpression of the gamma chain of the Fc epsilon RI that functions as an alternate of zeta chain, and decreased p65 -Rel A protein that is responsible for the inducible NF kappa B activity, Accumulated research data have enabled us to begin deciphering the molecular basis of the abnormal lupus lymphocyte and may lead to the development of new medicinal treatments for lupus. (C) 2000 Lippincoit Williams & Wilkins, Inc. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Tsokos, GC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Bldg 503,Rm 1A32, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 422269] NR 60 TC 48 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1040-8711 J9 CURR OPIN RHEUMATOL JI CURR. OPIN. RHEUMATOL. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 12 IS 5 BP 355 EP 363 DI 10.1097/00002281-200009000-00001 PG 9 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 348VX UT WOS:000089008100001 PM 10990169 ER PT J AU Stein, ED Tabatabai, F Ambrose, RF AF Stein, ED Tabatabai, F Ambrose, RF TI Wetland mitigation banking: A framework for crediting and debiting SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE wetlands; mitigation banking; credits; debits; section 404 ID CUMULATIVE IMPACTS; ECOSYSTEM PERSPECTIVE; RIPARIAN; CONSERVATION; WILDLIFE; RIVERS AB Wetland mitigation banking as a resource management tool has gained popular support for its potential to provide an ecologically effective and economically efficient means to fulfill compensatory mitigation requirements for impacts to aquatic resources. Although this management tool has been actively applied within the past 10 years (C. Short, 1988, Mitigation banking, in Biological Report 88(41): 1-103), assessment of credits and determination of a compensation ratio that reflects existing and/or potential functional condition in a mitigation bank has been a formidable task. This study presents a framework for a systematic approach for determination of credits and debits and subsequently the compensation ratio. A model for riparian systems is developed based on this framework that evaluates credits and debits for spatial and structural diversity, contiguity of habitats, invasive vegetation, hydrology, topographic complexity, characteristics of flood-prone areas, and biogeochemical processes. The goal of developing this crediting and debiting framework is to provide an alternative to the current methods of determining credits and debits in a mitigation bank and assigning mitigation ratios, such as best professional judgement or use of preset ratios. The purpose of this crediting and debiting framework is to develop a method that (1) can be tailored to evaluate ecological condition based on the target resources of a specific mitigation bank, (2) is flexible enough to be used for evaluation of existing or potential ecologic condition at a mitigation bank, (3) is a structured and systematic way to apply data and professional judgment to the decision-making process, (4) has an ecologically defensible basis, (5) has ease of use such that the level of expertise and time required to employ the method is not a deterrent to its application, and (6) provides a semiquantitative measure of the condition of aquatic resources that can be translated to a mitigation ratio. C1 USA, Regulatory Branch, Corps Engineers, Los Angeles Dist, Los Angeles, CA 90053 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Environm Sci & Engn Program, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Stein, ED (reprint author), PCR Serv Corp, 1 Venture,Suite 150, Irvine, CA 92618 USA. RI Stein, Eric/A-9362-2008; OI Stein, Eric/0000-0002-4729-809X; Ambrose, Richard/0000-0001-8653-6487 NR 62 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 21 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 26 IS 3 BP 233 EP 250 DI 10.1007/s002670010084 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 343QM UT WOS:000088713100001 ER PT J AU Frattarelli, JL Lauria-Costa, DF Miller, BT Bergh, PA Scott, RT AF Frattarelli, JL Lauria-Costa, DF Miller, BT Bergh, PA Scott, RT TI Basal antral follicle number and mean ovarian diameter predict cycle cancellation and ovarian responsiveness in assisted reproductive technology cycles SO FERTILITY AND STERILITY LA English DT Article DE in vitro fertilization; basal antral follicle count; ovarian diameter/size; pregnancy rates; cancellation rates; ovarian response; ovarian reserve; predictive value; clinical outcome; review ID IN-VITRO FERTILIZATION; CITRATE CHALLENGE TEST; DAY 3 ESTRADIOL; INVITRO FERTILIZATION; TRANSVAGINAL SONOGRAPHY; OVULATION INDUCTION; HORMONE AGONIST; POOR-PROGNOSIS; GONADOTROPIN; STIMULATION AB Objective: To determine the predictive value and define threshold levels for basal antral follicle number and mean ovarian diameter in patients undergoing ART cycles. Design: Retrospective, Setting: Tertiary care center. Patients: Two hundred seventy-eight patients who had ovarian measurements performed an cycle day 3 before beginning treatment with gonadotropins. Intervention: Pretreatment ovarian ultrasound measurements. Main Outcome Measure: Number of oocytes retrieved, hormone levels, and cycle outcomes. Results: A direct linear correlation was observed between mean ovarian diameter and basal follicle number. Roth measures demonstrated a positive linear correlation with recovered oocytes, basal E-2, and peak E-2. Both demonstrated a negative lineal correlation with ampules of gonadotropins administered, days of stimulation, patient age. cycle day 3 FSH, and FSH:LH ratio. An antral follicle count of less than or equal to 10 or a mean ovarian diameter of <20 mm was associated with an increased risk of cycle cancellation. Conclusions: Ovarian diameter and basal antral follicle number identify patients who may respond poorly to ART stimulation. These ovarian measures con-elate well with ART screening and stimulation parameters. This knowledge allows physicians to evaluate and counsel patients immediately before an ART stimulation and to optimize stimulation protocols. (Fertil Steril(R) 2000:74:512-17. (C) 2000 by American Society for Reproductive Medicine.). C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Natl Naval Med Ctr, Walter Red Army Med Ctr, NIH,Combined Fed Program Reprod Endocrinol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. St Barnabas Med Ctr, Inst Reprod Med & Sci, Livingston, NJ USA. RP Frattarelli, JL (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, 1 Jarrett White Rd, Tripler AMC, HI 96859 USA. NR 23 TC 80 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0015-0282 J9 FERTIL STERIL JI Fertil. Steril. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 74 IS 3 BP 512 EP 517 DI 10.1016/S0015-0282(00)00708-1 PG 6 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 353BV UT WOS:000089254600016 PM 10973648 ER PT J AU Frattarelli, JL Bergh, PA Drews, MR Sharara, FI Scott, RT AF Frattarelli, JL Bergh, PA Drews, MR Sharara, FI Scott, RT TI Evaluation of basal estradiol levels in assisted reproductive technology cycles SO FERTILITY AND STERILITY LA English DT Article DE assisted reproductive technology; in vitro fertilization; estradiol; follicle-stimulating hormone; ovarian reserve; pregnancy rates; cancellation rates; review ID FOLLICLE-STIMULATING-HORMONE; IN-VITRO FERTILIZATION; CITRATE CHALLENGE TEST; GENERAL INFERTILITY POPULATION; DAY 3 ESTRADIOL; OVARIAN RESERVE; INVITRO FERTILIZATION; PROGNOSTIC ASSESSMENT; OVULATION INDUCTION; POOR-PROGNOSIS AB Objective: To determine if basal E-2 screening increases the diagnostic accuracy of basal FSH screening and to determine whether basal E-2 levels correlate with outcome in ART cycles. Design: Retrospective. Setting: Tertiary care center. Patient(s): Two thousand six hundred thirty-four infertility patients. Intervention(s): Cycle outcome was evaluated after grouping patients by basal E-2 levels beginning at <20 pp/mL and extending to >100 pg/mL at 10 pg/mL increments. Main Outcome Measure(s): Retrieved oocytes, pregnancy rate, and cancellation rate. Result(s): Cancellation rates were significantly increased in patients with basal E-2 levels of <20 pg/mL or greater than or equal to 80 pg/mL. Basal E-2 levels neither predicted pregnancy outcome nor correlated with ovarian response in those patients not canceled. Conclusion(s): Patients with basal E-2 levels of <20 pg/mL or greater than or equal to 80 pg/mL had an increased risk for cancellation. Basal E-2 was predictive of stimulation parameters in patients 40 years or older. For those patients who proceeded to retrieval, there were no differences in pregnancy or delivery rates relative to basal E-2 levels. This suggests that irrespective of basal E-2 levels patients who produce mure than three maturing follicles in response to stimulation have adequate ovarian reserve as evidenced by their pregnancy rates. (Fertil Steril(R) 2000:74:518-24. (C) 2000 by American Society for Reproductive Medicine.). C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Natl Naval Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, NIH,Combined Fed Program Reprod Endocrinol, Bethesda, MD USA. St Barnabas Med Ctr, Inst Reprod Med & Sci, Livingston, NJ USA. Reprod Med Associates New Jersey, Morristown, NJ USA. Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Frattarelli, JL (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, 1 Jarrett White Rd, Tripler AMC, HI 96859 USA. NR 25 TC 34 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0015-0282 J9 FERTIL STERIL JI Fertil. Steril. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 74 IS 3 BP 518 EP 524 DI 10.1016/S0015-0282(00)00693-2 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 353BV UT WOS:000089254600017 PM 10973649 ER PT J AU Biedenharn, DS Thorne, CR Watson, CC AF Biedenharn, DS Thorne, CR Watson, CC TI Recent morphological evolution of the Lower Mississippi River SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE slope; stream power; degradation; aggradation; dynamic equilibrium; cutoffs; Mississippi River ID ADJUSTMENT AB This study documents slope and stream power changes in the Lower Mississippi River during the pre-cutoff (1880s1930s), and post-cutoff (1943-1992) periods. The study reach extends from New Madrid, MO, to Natchez, MS, a distance of about 900 km. Analyses for six major reaches and 13 sub-reaches for the pre- and post-cutoff periods indicate that the river presently has a much larger slope and stream power than prior to the cutoffs. The largest increases have occurred between Fulton, TN, and Lake Providence, LA, where slope and stream power increases range from about 27% to 36% and 20% to 38%, respectively. Increases in slope and stream power in reaches upstream and downstream have also occurred, but to a lesser degree. Previous investigations have shown that no coarsening of the bed material has occurred since 1932, and that the bed material may actually be somewhat finer overall. As the Lower Mississippi River is not a sediment-starved system, an increase in stream power with no change in D-50 would be expected to be offset by an increase in the bed material load as the river adjusts towards equilibrium. Previous investigators have inferred a reduction in the sediment loads on the Mississippi River this century based on analyses of total measured suspended loads. However, these results should be viewed as primarily representing the changes in wash load and should not be taken to imply that bed material loads have also decreased. Therefore, the bed material loads in the study reach should be greater than in the pre-cutoff period. Excess stream power in the sub-reaches directly affected by cutoffs resulted in scour that increased downstream bed material load. These elevated sediment loads play a key role in driving morphological adjustments towards equilibrium in the post-cutoff channel. The stability status of the channel in the study reach currently ranges from dynamic equilibrium in the farthest upstream reaches through severe degradation to dynamic equilibrium in the middle reaches, and aggradation in the lowest reaches. These evolutionary trends cannot be explained by consideration of changes in slope and stream power alone. Changes in the incoming bed material load to each reach generated by upstream channel evolution must also be considered. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B,V. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Univ Nottingham, Dept Geog, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. Colorado State Univ, Engn Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Biedenharn, DS (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 29 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD SEP PY 2000 VL 34 IS 3-4 BP 227 EP 249 DI 10.1016/S0169-555X(00)00011-8 PG 23 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 380UZ UT WOS:000165723000007 ER PT J AU Johnson, JB Lorenz, RD AF Johnson, JB Lorenz, RD TI Thermophysical properties of Alaskan loess: An analog material for the Martian polar layered terrain? SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY MEASUREMENTS; MARS; DEPOSITS; ICE AB The Martian surface has several regions where thermal inertia measurements indicate a porous ice-free insulating surface, yet are mechanically competent enough to sustain substantial slopes. In support of the interpretation of those regions within the Martian polar layered terrain, we report measurements of thermal conductivity for loess from the field and in the USA CRREL Permafrost Tunnel. Permafrost Tunnel loess is a desiccated material that can form vertical walls, but is of low density (800-1000 kg/m(3)), modest shear strength (4 kPa), and has a low thermal conductivity (0.1 W/m-K at 1 bar). These properties are similar to the inferred properties of the Martian polar layered terrain. The Birch Kill field sample has a density of 1160 kg/m(3) and a conductivity of 0.15 W/m-K. The Chena Spur Road sample has a density of 1360 kg/m(3) and a conductivity of 0.7 W/m-K. The relatively high conductivity for the Chena Spur Road is due to the cementation of soil grain contacts, its higher density, coarser grain size, and higher quartz grain content. C1 USA, Egineer Res & Dev Ctr, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Ft Wainwright, AK 99703 USA. Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Johnson, JB (reprint author), USA, Egineer Res & Dev Ctr, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Ft Wainwright, AK 99703 USA. RI Lorenz, Ralph/B-8759-2016 OI Lorenz, Ralph/0000-0001-8528-4644 NR 20 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 1 PY 2000 VL 27 IS 17 BP 2769 EP 2772 DI 10.1029/1999GL011077 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 353BW UT WOS:000089254700046 ER PT J AU McBroom, JW Parker, MF Krivak, TC Rose, GS Crothers, B AF McBroom, JW Parker, MF Krivak, TC Rose, GS Crothers, B TI Primary appendiceal malignancy mimicking advanced stage ovarian carcinoma: A case series SO GYNECOLOGIC ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Background. Primary appendiceal malignancy metastatic to the ovaries is a rare condition that may mimic late stage ovarian cancer. This condition is rarely diagnosed preoperatively. Cases. Three patients referred to our institution from 1994 to 1999 for presumed late stage ovarian cancer were found to have primary appendiceal adenocarcinoma, adenocarcinoid, and mucinous cystadenocarcinoma metastatic to the ovaries at laparotomy. We describe the clinical course of these patients and review the relevant literature. Conclusion. It is important for the gynecologic oncologist to be aware of the clinicopathological features and surgical management of these malignancies, as the incidence, prognosis, and recommended treatment vary with histological subtype. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Gynecol Oncol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP McBroom, JW (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Gynecol Oncol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 10 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0090-8258 J9 GYNECOL ONCOL JI Gynecol. Oncol. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 78 IS 3 BP 388 EP 390 DI 10.1006/gyno.2000.5913 PN 1 PG 3 WC Oncology; Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Oncology; Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 354EN UT WOS:000089317000022 PM 10985900 ER PT J AU Jarvis, LP Atwater, TB Cygan, PJ AF Jarvis, LP Atwater, TB Cygan, PJ TI Hybrid power sources for Land Warrior scenario SO IEEE AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article AB Hybrid systems utilizing a Zinc-air battery or a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) as the high energy density component coupled with a rechargeable battery (lead-acid or nickel-metal hydride) or electrochemical capacitor (EC) bank as the high power density component were tested under a high-pulse application load, Land Warrior (LW). The hybrid power sources successfully operated the LW cyclic load beyond the capabilities of the specific single chemistry systems studied. The zinc-air battery hybrids allowed approximately triple the operation time of PEMFC hybrids. The best performing hybrid system was the zinc-air battery/lead-acid battery. It provided the greatest operating voltage and longest operating time. C1 USA, Commun Elect Command, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Jarvis, LP (reprint author), USA, Commun Elect Command, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. NR 6 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0885-8985 J9 IEEE AERO EL SYS MAG JI IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 15 IS 9 BP 37 EP 41 DI 10.1109/62.873474 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 358UM UT WOS:000089575600009 ER PT J AU Sullivan, A Damarla, R Geng, N Dong, Y Carin, L AF Sullivan, A Damarla, R Geng, N Dong, Y Carin, L TI Ultrawide-band synthetic aperture radar for detection of unexploded ordnance: Modeling and measurements SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE buried object detection; ground-penetrating radar; synthetic aperature radar; ultrawide-band (UWB) radar ID GROUND-PENETRATING RADAR; FAST MULTIPOLE METHOD; WIDE-BAND; ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING; HALF-SPACE; SIMULATION; OBJECTS AB Electromagnetic (EM) scattering from subsurface unexploded ordnance (UXO) is investigated both theoretically and experimentally. Three EM models are considered: the multilevel fast multipole algorithm (MLFMA), the method of moments (MoM), and physical optics (PO). The relative accuracy of these models is compared for several scattering scenarios. Moreover, the model results are compared to data measured by an experimental synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) system. SAR images have been generated for subsurface UXO targets, in particular 155-mm shells. We compare SAR images from the measured data with theoretical images produced by the MoM and PO simulations, using a standard back-projection imaging technique. In addition to such comparisons with measurement, we consider additional buried-UXO scattering scenarios to better understand the underlying wave phenomenology. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Microwaves & Elect, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. Duke Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Sullivan, A (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 31 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 48 IS 9 BP 1306 EP 1315 DI 10.1109/8.898763 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 399QQ UT WOS:000166824200007 ER PT J AU Christodoulides, JA Zhang, Y Hadjipanayis, GC Fountzoulas, C AF Christodoulides, JA Zhang, Y Hadjipanayis, GC Fountzoulas, C TI CoPt and FePt nanoparticles for high density recording media SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Magnetics Conference (INTERMAG 2000) CY APR 09-12, 2000 CL TORONTO, CANADA DE CoPt; FePt; recording media; thin films ID THIN-FILMS; NANOCOMPOSITES AB Highly anisotropic CoPt and FePt nanoparticles have been prepared and embedded in a C and BN matrices using the tandem deposition mode, The as-made multilayer CoPt(FePt)/C(BN) films show a disordered face centered cubic (fcc) structure, which is magnetically soft and have low coercivity (<20 Oe), Magnetic hardening occurs after a heat treatment at elevated temperatures (<550 degreesC), which results in the formation of the nanoparticles leading in an increase of coercivity with values up to 15 kOe at room temperature. Transmission electron microscope studies showed FePt particles embedded in C matrix with a size increasing from below 3 nm in the as-made state to about 8 nm in the optimum annealed state, The hardening is due to the high anisotropy of the face centered tetragonal (L1(0)) phase with a bulk anisotropy K > 10(7) erg/cm(3). The coercivities obtained are much below those expected for noninteracting single-domain particles and the difference is attributed mainly to a smaller anisotropy in the nanoparticles associated with a lower degree of atomic ordering of the L1(0) phase. C1 Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. USA, Res Lab, Weap Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Christodoulides, JA (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. NR 11 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 36 IS 5 BP 2333 EP 2335 DI 10.1109/20.908420 PN 1 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 409EN UT WOS:000167371700062 ER PT J AU Coulon, M Tourneret, JY Swami, A AF Coulon, M Tourneret, JY Swami, A TI Detection of multiplicative noise in stationary random processes using second- and higher order statistics SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE ARMA processes; detection; higher order statistics; multiplicative noise ID ASYMPTOTICALLY ROBUST-DETECTION; GENERALIZED OBSERVATION MODEL; LOCALLY OPTIMUM DETECTION; NON-GAUSSIAN PROCESSES; 4TH-ORDER SPECTRA; SIGNALS; DEMODULATION; AMPLITUDE AB This paper addresses the problem of detecting the presence of colored multiplicative noise, when the information process can he modeled as a parametric ARMA process. For the case of zero-mean multiplicative noise, a cumulant based suboptimal detector is studied. This detector tests the nullity of a specific cumulant slice, A second detector is developed when the multiplicative noise is nonzero mean. This detector consists of filtering the data by an estimated AR filter. Cumulants of the residual data are then shown to be well suited to the detection problem. Theoretical expressions for the asymptotic probability of detection are given. Simulation-derived finite-sample ROC curves are shown for different sets of model parameters. C1 Ecole Natl Super Elect Electrotech Informat & Hyd, Toulouse, France. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Coulon, M (reprint author), Ecole Natl Super Elect Electrotech Informat & Hyd, Toulouse, France. NR 45 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1053-587X J9 IEEE T SIGNAL PROCES JI IEEE Trans. Signal Process. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 48 IS 9 BP 2566 EP 2575 DI 10.1109/78.863059 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 346BT UT WOS:000088851100009 ER PT J AU Kossaczka, Z Shiloach, J Johnson, V Taylor, DN Finkelstein, RA Robbins, JB Szu, SC AF Kossaczka, Z Shiloach, J Johnson, V Taylor, DN Finkelstein, RA Robbins, JB Szu, SC TI Vibrio cholerae O139 conjugate vaccines: Synthesis and immunogenicity of V-cholerae O139 capsular polysaccharide conjugates with recombinant diphtheria toxin mutant in mice SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID NORTH-AMERICAN VOLUNTEERS; IMMUNOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; VIRULENCE DETERMINANTS; EXPERIMENTAL CHALLENGE; BENGAL; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; PROTECTION; ANTIBODY; TETRAFLUOROBORATE; ANTIBACTERIAL AB Epidemiologic and experimental data provide evidence that a critical level of serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies to the surface polysaccharide of Vibrio cholerae O1 (lipopolysaccharide) and of Vibrio cholerae O139 (capsular polysaccharide [CPS]) is associated with immunity to the homologous pathogen. The immunogenicity of polysaccharides, especially in infants, may be enhanced by their covalent attachment to proteins (conjugates). Two synthetic schemes, involving 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC) and 1-cyano-4-dimethylaminopyridinium tetrafluoroborate (CDAP) as activating agents, mere adapted to prepare four conjugates of V. cholerae O139 CPS with the recombinant diphtheria toxin mutant, CRMH21G. Adipic acid dihydrazide was used as a linker. When injected subcutaneously into young outbred mice by a clinically relevant dose and schedule, these conjugates elicited serum CPS antibodies of the IgG and IgM classes with vibriocidal activity to strains of capsulated V. cholerae O139. Treatment of these sera with 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) reduced, but did not eliminate, their vibriocidal activity, These results indicate that the conjugates elicited Ige with vibriocidal activity. Conjugates also elicited high levels of serum diphtheria toxin IgG. Convalescent sera from 20 cholera patients infected with V. cholerae O139 had vibriocidal titers ranging from 100 to 3,200: absorption with the CPS reduced the vibriocidal titer of all sera to less than or equal to 50. Treatment with 2-ME reduced the titers of 17 of 20 patients to less than or equal to 50. These data show that, like infection with V. cholerae O1, infection with V. cholerae O139 induces vibriocidal antibodies specific to the surface polysaccharide of this bacterium (CPS) that are mostly of IgM class. Based on these data, clinical trials with the V. cholerae O139 CPS conjugates with recombinant diphtheria toxin are planned. C1 NICHHD, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIDDKD, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Bethesda, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Columbia, MO 65212 USA. RP Kossaczka, Z (reprint author), NICHHD, NIH, Bldg 6,Rm 424, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 45 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 68 IS 9 BP 5037 EP 5043 DI 10.1128/IAI.68.9.5037-5043.2000 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 346KM UT WOS:000088870200028 PM 10948122 ER PT J AU Scharton-Kersten, T Yu, JM Vassell, R O'Hagan, D Alving, CR Glenn, GM AF Scharton-Kersten, T Yu, JM Vassell, R O'Hagan, D Alving, CR Glenn, GM TI Transcutaneous immunization with bacterial ADP-ribosylating exotoxins, subunits, and unrelated adjuvants SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID HEAT-LABILE ENTEROTOXIN; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CHOLERA-TOXIN; MUCOSAL ADJUVANT; RIBOSYLTRANSFERASE ACTIVITY; ORAL IMMUNIZATION; MICE; IMMUNITY; PROTECTION; CHALLENGE AB We have recently described a needle-free method of vaccination, transcutaneous immunization, consisting of the topical application of vaccine antigens to intact skin. While most proteins themselves are poor immunogens on the skin, we have shown that the addition of cholera toxin (CT), a mucosal adjuvant, results in cellular and humoral immune responses to the adjuvant and coadministered antigens. The present study explores the breadth of adjuvants that have activity on the skin, using diphtheria toroid (DTx) and tetanus toroid as model antigens. Heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) displayed adjuvant properties similar to those of CT when used on the skin and induced protective immune responses against tetanus toxin challenge when applied topically at doses as low as 1 mu g. Interestingly, enterotoxin derivatives LTR192G, LTK63, and LTR72 and the recombinant CT B subunit also exhibited adjuvant properties on the skin. Consistent with the latter finding, non-ADP-ribosylating exotoxins, including an oligonucleotide DNA sequence, as well as several cytokines (interleukin-1 beta [IL-1 beta] fragment, IL-2, IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor alpha) and lipopolysaccharide also elicited detectable anti-DTx immunoglobulin G titers in the immunized mice. These results indicate that enhancement of the immune response to topical immunization is not restricted to CT or the ADP-ribosylating exotoxins as adjuvants. This study also reinforces earlier findings that addition of an adjuvant is important for the induction of robust immune responses to vaccine antigens delivered by topical application. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Membrane Biochem, Washington, DC 20307 USA. IOMAI Corp, Washington, DC USA. Chiron Corp, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA. RP Glenn, GM (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, IOMAI Corp, Rm 2W124,503 Robert Grant Rd, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 34 TC 99 Z9 103 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 68 IS 9 BP 5306 EP 5313 DI 10.1128/IAI.68.9.5306-5313.2000 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 346KM UT WOS:000088870200065 PM 10948159 ER PT J AU Izadjoo, MJ Polotsky, Y Mense, MG Bhattacharjee, AK Paranavitana, CM Hadfield, TL Hoover, DL AF Izadjoo, MJ Polotsky, Y Mense, MG Bhattacharjee, AK Paranavitana, CM Hadfield, TL Hoover, DL TI Impaired control of Brucella melitensis infection in Rag1-deficient mice SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID NATURAL-KILLER-CELLS; BALB/C MICE; ABORTUS INFECTION; ATTENUATED STRAINS; 5 STRAINS; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; PROTECTION; IMMUNITY; RESPONSES; ANTIBODY AB After intranasal inoculation, Brucella melitensis chronically infects the mononuclear phagocyte system in BALB/c mice, but it causes no apparent illness. Adaptive immunity. which can be transferred by either T cells or antibody from immune to naive animals, confers resistance to challenge infection. The role of innate, non-B-, non-T-cell-mediated immunity in control of murine brucellosis, however, is unknown. In the present study, we documented that BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice had a similar course of infection after intranasal administration of 16M, validating the usefulness of the model in the latter mouse strain. me then compared the course of infection in Rag1 knockout mice (C57BL/6 background) (referred to here as RAG-1 mice) which have no B or T cells as a consequence of deletion of Rag1 (recombination-activating gene 1), with infection in normal C57BL/6 animals after intranasal administration of B. melitensis 16M. C57BL/6 mice cleared brucellae from their lungs by 8 to 12 weeks and controlled infection in the liver and spleen at a low level. In contrast, RAG-1 mice failed to reduce the number of bacteria in any of these organs. From 1 to 4 weeks after inoculation, the number of splenic bacteria increased from 2 to 4.5 logs and remained at that level. In contrast to the consistently high numbers of brucellae observed in the spleens, the number of bacteria rose in the livers sampled for up to 20 weeks. Immunohistologic examination at 8 weeks after infection disclosed foci of persistent pneumonia and large amounts of Brucella antigen in macrophages in lung, liver, and spleen in RAG-1, but not C57BL/6, mice. These studies indicate that T- and B-cell-independent immunity can control Brucella infection at a high level in the murine spleen, but not in the liver. Immunity mediated by T and/or B cells is required for clearance of bacteria from spleen and lung and for control of bacterial replication in the liver. C1 Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Amer Registry Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Infect & Parasit Dis, Washington, DC 20306 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Bacterial Dis, Forest Glen, MD 20910 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Pathol, Forest Glen, MD 20910 USA. RP Izadjoo, MJ (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Bacterial Dis, Bldg 503 Forest Glen Annex, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 37 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 68 IS 9 BP 5314 EP 5320 DI 10.1128/IAI.68.9.5314-5320.2000 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 346KM UT WOS:000088870200066 PM 10948160 ER PT J AU Leung, KP Torres, BA AF Leung, KP Torres, BA TI Prevotella intermedia stimulates expansion of V beta-specific CD4(+) T cells SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID BLACK-PIGMENTED BACTEROIDES; NECROTIZING ULCERATIVE GINGIVITIS; HUMAN PERIODONTAL-DISEASES; ACTINOBACILLUS-ACTINOMYCETEMCOMITANS; FIBROBLAST-CULTURES; ADULT PERIODONTITIS; IMMUNE-SYSTEM; SUPERANTIGENS; GINGIVALIS; EXPRESSION AB Recent evidence suggests that certain periodontal pathogens preferentially stimulate T cells expressing specific variable regions on the beta chain (V beta) of the T-cell receptor, which may indicate the presence of a superantigen. Superantigens are microbial proteins that activate large numbers of CD4(+) T cells in a V beta-specific manner. The purpose of this study was to determine whether Prevotella intermedia, a putative periodontal pathogen, activates populations of specific V beta on CD4(+) T cells. Among the bacterial strains tested, P. intermedia strain 17, a clinical isolate, induced the strongest proliferative response in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Antibodies raised against whole cells of this organism blocked the proliferative activity. P. intermedia-induced proliferation was T-cell specific and required the presence of antigen-presenting cells. Flow cytometric analysis show ed that CD4(+) T-cell subsets expressing V beta 8, V beta 12, and V beta 17 expanded in response to P. intermedia strain 17. The ability of P. intermedia to stimulate CD4(+)-T-cell proliferation was further supported by the production profiles of key T-cell cytokines, gamma interferon and interleukin-2. The data collectively suggest that certain strains of P. intermedia can activate V beta-specific T cells in a manner similar to that of other known microbial superantigens. C1 USA, Dent Res Detachment, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Oral Biol, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Microbiol & Cell Biol, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. RP Leung, KP (reprint author), USA, Dent Res Detachment, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, 310B,B St,Bldg 1-H, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. FU NIDCR NIH HHS [DE 05429] NR 40 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 68 IS 9 BP 5420 EP 5424 DI 10.1128/IAI.68.9.5420-5424.2000 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 346KM UT WOS:000088870200081 PM 10948175 ER PT J AU McQuiston, JR Vemulapalli, R Inzana, TJ Schurig, GG Sriranganathan, N Fritzinger, D Hadfield, TL Warren, RA Lindler, LE Snellings, N Hoover, D Halling, SM Boyle, SM AF McQuiston, JR Vemulapalli, R Inzana, TJ Schurig, GG Sriranganathan, N Fritzinger, D Hadfield, TL Warren, RA Lindler, LE Snellings, N Hoover, D Halling, SM Boyle, SM TI Genetic characterization of a Tn5-disrupted glycosyltransferase gene homolog in Brucella abortus and its effect on lipopolysaccharide composition and virulence (vol 67, pg 3830, 1999) SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Correction C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Ctr Mol Med & Infect Dis, Dept Biomed Sci & Pathobiol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. SRA Technol, Life Sci, Rockville, MD 20805 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Infect & Parasit Dis, Washington, DC 20306 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Bacterial Dis, Washington, DC 20307 USA. ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP McQuiston, JR (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Ctr Mol Med & Infect Dis, Dept Biomed Sci & Pathobiol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 68 IS 9 BP 5471 EP 5471 DI 10.1128/IAI.68.9.5471-5471.2000 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 346KM UT WOS:000088870200095 ER PT J AU Fowler, BW AF Fowler, BW TI The principles of war for the information age SO INTERFACES LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, Aviat & Missile Command, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Fowler, BW (reprint author), USA, Aviat & Missile Command, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST OPERATIONS RESEARCH MANAGEMENT SCIENCES PI LINTHICUM HTS PA 901 ELKRIDGE LANDING RD, STE 400, LINTHICUM HTS, MD 21090-2909 USA SN 0092-2102 J9 INTERFACES JI Interfaces PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 30 IS 5 BP 87 EP 89 PG 3 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 379BR UT WOS:000165621500009 ER PT J AU Sikka, VK Deevi, SC Viswanathan, S Swindeman, RW Santella, ML AF Sikka, VK Deevi, SC Viswanathan, S Swindeman, RW Santella, ML TI Advances in processing of Ni3Al-based intermetallics and applications SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Intermetallics for the 3rd Millennium - A Symposium Dedicated to RW Cahn CY NOV 01-04, 1999 CL CINCINNATI, OHIO SP ASM Int, Intermetall Mat Comm Crit Technol Sector, US DOE DE nickel aluminides, based on Ni3Al; mechanical properties of high temperatures; casting; corrosion- and erosion-resistant applications; furnace furniture, including heating elements ID ALUMINIDES; NICKEL AB The intermetallic-based alloys for structural applications have been an active field of research around the world for the last 20 years. Several major breakthroughs have occurred in this field during this time period. These breakthroughs include: (I) the dramatic effects of boron on ductility improvement for Ni3Al at ambient and high temperatures, (2) effect of chromium addition for intermediate temperature ductility improvement of Ni3Al, and (3) identification of an environmental effect from hydrogen generated by the reduction of moisture in air by aluminum in the aluminides. The knowledge of the compositional effects has led to the development of Ni3Al-based alloys, which allowed them to be taken from laboratory-size melts to commercial applications. This paper will describe the advances in melting practice, casting practices, solidification modeling as it applies to static and centrifugal castings and weld repairs, and welding of castings. This paper will also describe various applications of Ni3Al-based alloys and their current status of commercialization. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Philip Morris Inc, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Richmond, VA 23234 USA. RP Sikka, VK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 34 TC 112 Z9 118 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-9795 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PD SEP-NOV PY 2000 VL 8 IS 9-11 SI SI BP 1329 EP 1337 DI 10.1016/S0966-9795(00)00078-9 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 381GJ UT WOS:000165753700041 ER PT J AU Scheffler, DR Zukas, JA AF Scheffler, DR Zukas, JA TI Practical aspects of numerical simulation of dynamic events: material interfaces SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE high-velocity impact; fast, transient loading; shock waves; numerical methods; material interfaces; Lagrangian methods; Eulerian methods; finite differences; finite elements AB The use of finite-difference and finite-element computer codes to solve problems involving fast, transient loading is commonplace. A large number of commercial codes exist and are applied to problems ranging from fairly low to extremely high damage levels (e.g. design of containment structures to mitigate effects of industrial accidents; protection of buildings and people from blast and impact loading; foreign object impact damage; design of space structures to withstand impacts of small particles moving at hypervelocity, a case where pressures generated exceed the material strength by an order of magnitude). But, what happens if code predictions do not correspond with reality? This paper discusses various factors related to material interfaces in Lagrangian and Eulerian shock-wave-propagation codes (hydrocodes), which can lead to disagreement between computations and experience. Companion papers focus on problems associated with meshing and constitutive models and the use of material data at strain rates inappropriate to the problem. This paper is limited to problems involving fast, transient loading, which can be addressed by commercial finite-difference and finite-element codes. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Res Lab, ATTN AMSRL WM TC, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. Comp Mech Consultants Inc, Baltimore, MD 21239 USA. RP Scheffler, DR (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, ATTN AMSRL WM TC, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 50 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0734-743X J9 INT J IMPACT ENG JI Int. J. Impact Eng. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 24 IS 8 BP 821 EP 842 DI 10.1016/S0734-743X(00)00003-8 PG 22 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 331DM UT WOS:000088002100005 ER PT J AU Ehlen, J AF Ehlen, J TI Fractal analysis of joint patterns in granite SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND MINING SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ROCK MASS; FRACTURES; MINE; CONNECTIVITY; GEOMETRY; EXAMPLE; SWEDEN AB Two approaches for determining the stability of fractal dimensions (D) for fracture patterns in granite are examined. First, the stability of fractal dimensions for 1-D field measurements of joint spacing was investigated with respect to the number of measurements needed. At least 100-150 spacing measurements per joint set produced stable or accurate fractal dimensions where joints were regularly clustered and relatively regularly and widely spaced. Other spatial patterns require greater numbers of measurements per set. The stability of D for 1-D data is thus likely to depend on the spatial distribution of the joints within each joint set. Second, an alternate approach to estimate stable fractal dimensions based on scale invariance was explored. A combination of 1-D field data and 1- and 2-D image data was used. Fractal dimensions for the field data, which are unstable, ranged from 0.70-0.84, and for the image patterns, D ranged from 1.63-1.69, suggesting a 2-D fractal dimension of 1.7 for fractures in this area. These results suggest that the combined use of different data types with different dimensionality may overcome the problem of unstable fractal dimensions and allow reasonable estimates of stable fractal dimensions to be made. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Topog Engn Ctr, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. RP Ehlen, J (reprint author), USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Topog Engn Ctr, 7701 Telegraph Rd, Alexandria, VA 22315 USA. NR 44 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1365-1609 J9 INT J ROCK MECH MIN JI Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 37 IS 6 BP 909 EP 922 DI 10.1016/S1365-1609(00)00027-7 PG 14 WC Engineering, Geological; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 341TF UT WOS:000088605100003 ER PT J AU Butler, DK AF Butler, DK TI Groundwater resource assessments SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND WORLD ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE groundwater resources; hydrogeology; geophysics; groundwater contamination; groundwater modelling ID WATER AB Groundwater is a key component of water supply worldwide. In many areas, surface waters are inadequate or too polluted for effective utilization; while in other parts of the world groundwater is virtually the only source of water. Unfortunately groundwater is a fragile, finite, and often non-renewable resource. Overproduction and contamination threaten the water resource itself, and water supply conflicts threaten the peace and stability of neighbouring nations. Finding new, optimizing existing, and sustaining groundwater resources are extremely important components of water supply strategy. Rational application of geoscience principles and technology is a necessity for groundwater resource assessments, e.g. location of new water well drilling sites, optimizing and sustaining production from existing well fields, and detecting and mapping groundwater contamination. Geophysical surveys contribute to all aspects of the requirements for groundwater resource assessment. Importantly, geophysics provides remote, noninvasive information about subsurface geology, hydrogeology, and groundwater contamination. The results of geophysical surveys provide direct input to groundwater modelling and resource management. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, College Stn, TX 79402 USA. RP Butler, DK (reprint author), CERDC, GG, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU PARTHENON PUBLISHING GROUP PI CARNFORTH LANCASHIRE PA CASTERTON HALL, CARNFORTH LANCASHIRE LA6 2LA, ENGLAND SN 1350-4509 J9 INT J SUST DEV WORLD JI Int. J. Sustain. Dev. World Ecol. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 7 IS 3 BP 173 EP 188 PG 16 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Ecology SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 367KX UT WOS:000090061200002 ER PT J AU Holmquist, TJ Templeton, DW Bishnoi, KD AF Holmquist, TJ Templeton, DW Bishnoi, KD TI High strain rate constitutive modeling of aluminum nitride including a first-order phase transformation SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Mechanical and Physical Behaviour of Materials Under Dynamic Loading CY SEP 25-29, 2000 CL KRAKOW, POLAND SP Dymat Assoc, Inst Fundamental Technol Res, Warsaw ID HIGH-PRESSURE AB This work presents a computational constitutive model for materials exhibiting a first-order phase transition. The model can represent both recoverable and non-recoverable volume loss characterized by first-order phase transitions. Aluminum Nitride (AlN) is used to demonstrate the model. AlN has a first-order phase transition from the wurtzite (hexagonal) structure to the rock salt (cubic) structure. This phase transformation has been observed under static high pressure testing and inferred to be occurring under high strain rate shock wave loading. The phase transition begins at an approximate hydrostatic pressure of 16GPa where a 20% volume loss commences. The volume loss has been inferred to be non-recoverable. The model used for this study was previously developed for crushable materials, but is demonstrated herein that it can be straightforwardly applied to materials that exhibit a first-order phase change. Constants are obtained for the model using AlN test data. Plate impact experiments are simulated using the model, demonstrating the ability of the model to capture the material behavior. The model is also used to evaluate the recoverability of the volume loss and implies that the volume loss is non-recoverable. C1 USA, High Performance Comp Res Ctr, Network Comp Serv Inc, Minneapolis, MN 55415 USA. USA, Tank Automot Res, Ctr Dev & Engn, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Holmquist, TJ (reprint author), USA, High Performance Comp Res Ctr, Network Comp Serv Inc, 1200 Washington Ave S, Minneapolis, MN 55415 USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD SEP PY 2000 VL 10 IS P9 BP 21 EP 26 DI 10.1051/jp4:2000904 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 361EQ UT WOS:000089710300005 ER PT J AU Meyers, MA Nesterenko, VF LaSalvia, JC Xu, YB Xue, Q AF Meyers, MA Nesterenko, VF LaSalvia, JC Xu, YB Xue, Q TI Observation and modeling of dynamic recrystallization in high-strain, high-strain rate deformation of metals SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Mechanical and Physical Behaviour of Materials Under Dynamic Loading CY SEP 25-29, 2000 CL KRAKOW, POLAND SP Dymat Assoc, Inst Fundamental Technol Res, Warsaw ID SHEAR-BAND FORMATION; TANTALUM; TITANIUM AB The microstructural evolution inside shear bands was investigated experimentally and analytically. A fine recrystallized structure (grains with 0.05-0.3 mu m) is observed in Ti, Cu, 304 stainless steel, Al-Li, and Ta, and it is becoming clear that a recrystallization mechanism is operating. The fast deformation and short cooling times inhibit grain-boundary migration; it is shown that the time is not sufficient for migrational recrystallization. A rotational mechanism is proposed and presented in terms of dislocation energetics. This mechanism necessitates the stages of high dislocation generation and their organization into elongated cells. Upon continued deformation. the cells become sub-grains with significant misorientations. These elongated sub-grains break up into equiaxed grains with size of approximately 0.05-0.3 mu m. It is shown that grain-boundary reorientation can operate within the time of the deformation process. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept MAE, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Met Res, Shenyang, Peoples R China. RP Meyers, MA (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept MAE, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RI Meyers, Marc/A-2970-2016 OI Meyers, Marc/0000-0003-1698-5396 NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD SEP PY 2000 VL 10 IS P9 BP 51 EP 56 DI 10.1051/jp4:2000909 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 361EQ UT WOS:000089710300010 ER PT J AU Gooch, WA Burkins, MS Hauver, G Netherwood, P Benck, R AF Gooch, WA Burkins, MS Hauver, G Netherwood, P Benck, R TI Dynamic X-ray imaging of the penetration of boron carbide SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Mechanical and Physical Behaviour of Materials Under Dynamic Loading CY SEP 25-29, 2000 CL KRAKOW, POLAND SP Dymat Assoc, Inst Fundamental Technol Res, Warsaw AB The U.S. Army Research Laboratory has adapted two 1-MeV x-ray pulsers to obtain multiple dynamic, real time x-rays of the impact of 7.62-mm wAPM2 armor-piercing projectiles on a boron carbide ceramic. The goal was to conduct a high fidelity diagnostic analysis of the impact during the initial transient period and document the penetrator/target interaction. Three conditions of the projectile were tested: the full metal jacket projectile; the steel core and lead tip only; and just the steel core. These different conditions allow the observation of the tip breakup mechanism and determination of the average penetration velocity, the time for initiation of rigid body penetration into the ceramic/backing and the ballistic contributions of the projectile components. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. Dynam Sci Inc, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Gooch, WA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. NR 11 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD SEP PY 2000 VL 10 IS P9 BP 583 EP 588 DI 10.1051/jp4:2000997 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 361EQ UT WOS:000089710300098 ER PT J AU Gooch, WA Burkins, MS Palicka, R AF Gooch, WA Burkins, MS Palicka, R TI Ballistic development of US high density tungsten carbide ceramics SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Mechanical and Physical Behaviour of Materials Under Dynamic Loading CY SEP 25-29, 2000 CL KRAKOW, POLAND SP Dymat Assoc, Inst Fundamental Technol Res, Warsaw AB The United States and France, under a cooperative research project agreement are developing a new class of high density ceramics which inherently provide high space efficiency and reduced susceptibility to damage accumulation effects in thick sections. While many ceramics were considered, this research has focused on tungsten carbide based ceramics. The U.S. Army Research Laboratory, in cooperation with Cercom Inc. has developed a hot-pressed tungsten carbide ceramic for ballistic applications. This paper will present a survey of high density ceramics, document the mechanical and elastic properties of the U.S. WC ceramic and baseline the ballistic performance. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. Cercom Inc, Vista, CA 92083 USA. RP Gooch, WA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD SEP PY 2000 VL 10 IS P9 BP 741 EP 746 DI 10.1051/jp4:20009123 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 361EQ UT WOS:000089710300124 ER PT J AU Davila, CG Ambur, DR McGowan, DM AF Davila, CG Ambur, DR McGowan, DM TI Analytical prediction of damage growth in notched composite panels loaded in compression SO JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC 40th Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference CY APR 12-15, 1999 CL ST LOUIS, MISSOURI SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, ASME, ASCE, AHS, ASC ID LAMINATED COMPOSITES AB A progressive failure analysis method based on shell elements is developed for the computation of damage initiation and growth in stiffened, thick-skin, stitched graphite-epoxy panels loaded in axial compression. The analysis method involves a step-by-step simulation of material degradation based on ply-level failure mechanisms. High computational efficiency is derived from the use of superposed layers of shell elements to model each ply orientation in the laminate. Multiple integration points through the thickness are used to obtain the correct bending effects through the thickness without the need for ply-by-ply evaluations of the state of the material. The analysis results are compared with experimental results for three stiffened panels with notches oriented at 0, 15, and 30 deg to the panel width dimension. A parametric study is performed to investigate the damage growth retardation characteristics of the Kevlar(R) stitch lines in the panels. C1 USA,NASA, Res Lab,Langley Res Ctr, Struct Mech Branch, Vehicle Technol Directorate, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Struct Mech Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Davila, CG (reprint author), USA,NASA, Res Lab,Langley Res Ctr, Struct Mech Branch, Vehicle Technol Directorate, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RI Davila, Carlos/D-8559-2011 NR 13 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0021-8669 J9 J AIRCRAFT JI J. Aircr. PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 37 IS 5 BP 898 EP 905 DI 10.2514/2.2688 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 361MG UT WOS:000089726400022 ER PT J AU Shippee, RL Kippenberger, DJ AF Shippee, RL Kippenberger, DJ TI Retrospective study of urinalysis for dl-amphetamine and dl-methamphetamine analysis under current Department of Defense guidelines SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID URINE C1 USA, Forens Toxicol Drug Testing Lab, Ft Meade, MD 20755 USA. Res Dynam Inc, San Antonio, TX 78232 USA. RP Shippee, RL (reprint author), USA, Forens Toxicol Drug Testing Lab, 2490 Wilson St, Ft Meade, MD 20755 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PRESTON PUBLICATIONS INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 USA SN 0146-4760 J9 J ANAL TOXICOL JI J. Anal. Toxicol. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 24 IS 6 BP 450 EP 452 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Toxicology GA 352QF UT WOS:000089228800011 PM 10999353 ER PT J AU Cole, MW Joshi, PC Hubbard, CW Wood, MC Ervin, MH Geil, B Ren, F AF Cole, MW Joshi, PC Hubbard, CW Wood, MC Ervin, MH Geil, B Ren, F TI Improved Ni based composite Ohmic contact to n-SiC for high temperature and high power device applications SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SILICON-CARBIDE; NICKEL; CHEMISTRY AB Ni/WSi/Ti/Pt Ohmic contacts to n-SiC were investigated as a function of annealing temperatures up to 1000 degrees C. Annealing at temperatures between 950 and 1000 degrees C yielded excellent Ohmic behavior. At these temperatures the contact-SiC interface was smooth, defect free, and characterized by a narrow Ni2Si reaction region. The annealed contacts possessed atomically smooth surface morphologies and exhibited minimal contact expansion. The residual carbon, resultant from SiC decompositon and reaction with Ni to form Ni2Si, was constrained by reaction with the WSi and Ti layers forming carbide phases of W and Ti spatially distant from the metal semiconductor interface. Our results demonstrate that the Ni/WSi/Ti/Pt composite Ohmic contact maintains the desirable electrical properties associated with Ni contacts and possesses excellent interfacial, compositional, and surface properties which are required for reliable high power and high temperature device operation. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(00)09217-3]. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Cole, MW (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 19 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 1 PY 2000 VL 88 IS 5 BP 2652 EP 2657 AR PII [S0021-8979(00)09217-3] DI 10.1063/1.1287776 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 345BX UT WOS:000088796500076 ER PT J AU Muratikov, KL Glazov, AL Rose, DN Dumar, JE AF Muratikov, KL Glazov, AL Rose, DN Dumar, JE TI Photoacoustic effect in stressed elastic solids SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RESIDUAL-STRESSES; SILICON-NITRIDE; MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS; LASER-RADIATION; CERAMICS; INDENTATION; MICROSCOPY; COMPOSITES; GENERATION; CRACKS AB A multimode approach based on the simultaneous application of several photothermal and photoacoustic methods is proposed for the study of thermal and thermoelastic effects in solids with residual stress. It includes photoacoustic gas microphone, photodeflection, photoreflectance and photoacoustic piezoelectric microscopy methods. This approach provides complementary information about thermal, elastic and thermoelastic properties of samples with residual stress. Some experimental results obtained within the framework of this approach for Vickers indentation zones in silicon nitride ceramic are presented. The model of the photoacoustic thermoelastic effect in solids with residual stress is proposed. It is based on the modified Murnaghan model of nonlinear elastic bodies which takes into account a possible dependence of the thermoelastic constant on stress. It is demonstrated that the developed theoretical model for the photoacoustic piezoelectric effect agrees qualitatively with the available experimental data. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(00)06117-X]. C1 RAS, AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. USA, TACOM, Warren, MI 48397 USA. RP Muratikov, KL (reprint author), RAS, AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, Politekhnicheskaya 26, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. RI Glazov, Alexey/A-7374-2014 OI Glazov, Alexey/0000-0003-1301-1959 NR 37 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 1 PY 2000 VL 88 IS 5 BP 2948 EP 2955 DI 10.1063/1.1287526 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 345BX UT WOS:000088796500123 ER PT J AU Montain, SJ Latzka, WA Sawka, MN AF Montain, SJ Latzka, WA Sawka, MN TI Impact of muscle injury and accompanying inflammatory response on thermoregulation during exercise in the heat SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE trauma; eccentric exercise; temperature regulation; heat illness; heat injuries; cytokines ID MOUSE EDL MUSCLE; ECCENTRIC EXERCISE; ENDOGENOUS PYROGEN; FEBRILE RESPONSES; INTERLEUKIN-6; CONTRACTIONS; ILLNESS; DAMAGE; RATS AB This study examined whether muscle injury and the accompanying inflammatory responses alter thermoregulation during subsequent exercise-heat stress. Sixteen subjects performed 50 min of treadmill exercise (45-50% maximal O-2 consumption) in a hot room (40 degrees C, 20% relative humidity) before and at select times after eccentric upper body (UBE) and/or eccentric lower body (LBE) exercise. In experiment 1, eight subjects performed treadmill exercise before and 6, 25, and 30 h after UBE and then 6, 25, and 30 h after LBE. In experiment 2, eight subjects performed treadmill exercise before and 2, 7, and 26 h after LBE only. UBE and LBE produced marked soreness and significantly elevated creatine kinase levels (P < 0.05), but only LBE increased (P < 0.05) interleukin-6 levels. In experiment 1, core temperatures before and during exercise-heat stress were similar for control and after UBE, but some evidence for higher core temperatures was found after LBE. In experiment 2, core temperatures during exercise-heat stress were 0.2-0.3 degrees C (P < 0.05) above control values at 2 and 7 h after LBE. The added thermal strain after LBE (P < 0.05) was associated with higher metabolic rate (r = 0.70 and 0.68 at 2 and 6-7 h, respectively) but was not related (P > 0.05) to muscle soreness (r = 0.47 at 6-7 h), plasma interleukin-6 (r = 0.35 at 6-7 h), or peak creatine kinase levels (r = 0.22). Local sweating responses (threshold core temperature and slope) were not altered by UBE or LBE. The results suggest that profuse muscle injury can increase body core temperature during exercise-heat stress and that the added heat storage cannot be attributed solely to increased heat production. C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Thermal & Mt Med Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Montain, SJ (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Thermal & Mt Med Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 25 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 8750-7587 J9 J APPL PHYSIOL JI J. Appl. Physiol. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 89 IS 3 BP 1123 EP 1130 PG 8 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA 352DX UT WOS:000089200200034 PM 10956359 ER PT J AU Schlager, JJ Hart, BW AF Schlager, JJ Hart, BW TI Stress gene activity in HepG2 cells after sulfur mustard exposure SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE gene expression; stress gene; sulfur mustard ID DNA-DAMAGING AGENTS; NF-KAPPA-B; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; GROWTH ARREST; METALLOTHIONEIN GENES; HUMAN KERATINOCYTES; AH-RECEPTOR; EXPRESSION; INDUCTION; PROMOTER AB Monitoring temporal stress gene (SG) levels is one method of characterizing cellular responses to toxic-level chemical exposures. The goal of this study was to determine human cellular SG profiles following sulfur mustard (SM) exposure. This would establish a baseline for development of a rapid screening method for potential therapeutic compounds that could modulate SM toxicity. We used a panel of cells consisting of 14 HepG2-derived cell lines each stably transformed with a stress gene promoter (SGP) or stress gene response element (SGRE) controlling the transcription of the reporter gene chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT), The SGP and SGRE reporter constructs represent SGs associated with DNA damage, protein damage, oxidative stress, inflammation, second messenger systems and xenobiotic metabolism enzymes. All SGP and SGRE activities were changed from control following SM exposure over dose and the 24-h time-course study, Metallothionein 2A promoter (MT2A) was induced throughout the study time at high SM concentration, DNA-damage markers were induced after 12 h, Protein damage, inflammation and second messenger systems increased after 16 h post-SM exposure. These results show that over time and increasing SM exposure concentrations the HepG2 cells produced differential activation of SGPs and SGREs associated with DNA and protein damage, second messenger system activation and inflammation/oxidative stress, This suggests that the HepG2 cell reporter construct system would be a useful tool for studying the effects of known therapeutic drug families that may lower these cell-damage markers during SM exposure, Copyright (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Pharmacol, Appl Pharmacol Branch,MCMR,UV,PA, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Schlager, JJ (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Pharmacol, Appl Pharmacol Branch,MCMR,UV,PA, 3100 Ricketts Point Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 57 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0260-437X J9 J APPL TOXICOL JI J. Appl. Toxicol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 20 IS 5 BP 395 EP 405 DI 10.1002/1099-1263(200009/10)20:5<395::AID-JAT703>3.3.CO;2-N PG 11 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 377GV UT WOS:000165505700007 PM 11139170 ER PT J AU Schweitzer, RC Morris, JB AF Schweitzer, RC Morris, JB TI Improved quantitative structure property relationships for the prediction of dielectric constants for a set of diverse compounds by subsetting of the data set SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL INFORMATION AND COMPUTER SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID COMPUTATIONAL NEURAL NETWORKS; REGRESSION-ANALYSIS; BOILING POINTS AB In a recent publication we explored the development of quantitative structure property relationships for the calculation of dielectric constants, which resulted in a general-model for a wide range of compounds. Our current work explores the division of the set of compounds into eight more homogeneous subsets for which local models are developed. The full data set consists of 454 compounds with dielectric constants ranging from 1 to 40. A pool of up to 16 molecular descriptors is calculated for each of the eight data sets. The descriptors include dipole moment, polarizability, counts of elemental types or functional groups, charged partial surface area,:and molecular connectivity. All possible 4-16 descriptor models are calculated for each of the eight data sets, and the best models are selected and compared:to the results obtained from the best general model for all 454 compounds. Neural networks using the Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno training algorithm are employed to build the models. The resulting combined mean test set error for the eight local models of 1.31 is significantly better than the: mean test;set error of 1.85 for the general model. C1 Chemicon Inc, Pittsburgh, PA 15208 USA. USA, Res Lab, AMSRL WM BD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Schweitzer, RC (reprint author), Chemicon Inc, 7301 Penn Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15208 USA. NR 40 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0095-2338 J9 J CHEM INF COMP SCI JI J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 40 IS 5 BP 1253 EP 1261 DI 10.1021/ci0000070 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Chemistry; Computer Science GA 358NG UT WOS:000089563700022 ER PT J AU Rowinsky, EK Johnson, TR Geyer, CE Hammond, LA Eckhardt, SG Drengler, R Smetzer, L Coyle, J Rizzo, J Schwartz, G Tolcher, A Von Hoff, DD De Jager, RL AF Rowinsky, EK Johnson, TR Geyer, CE Hammond, LA Eckhardt, SG Drengler, R Smetzer, L Coyle, J Rizzo, J Schwartz, G Tolcher, A Von Hoff, DD De Jager, RL TI DX-8951f, a hexacyclic camptothecin analog, on a daily times-five schedule: A phase I and pharmacokinetic study in patients with advanced solid malignancies SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 35th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Clinical-Oncology CY MAY 15-18, 1999 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Amer Soc Clin Oncol ID POTENT ANTITUMOR-ACTIVITY; COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR; N-DESMETHYL TOPOTECAN; CANCER CELL-LINE; IRINOTECAN CPT-11; TUMOR-CELLS; NUDE-MICE; INHIBITOR; METABOLITE; RESISTANT AB Purpose: To assess the feasibility of administering DX-8951f (exatecan mesylate), ct water-soluble, camptothecin analog, as a 30-minute intravenous infusion daily for 5 days every 3 weeks, determine the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) and pharmacokinetic (PK) behavior of DX-8951f, and seek preliminary evidence of anticancer activity. Patients and Methods: patients with advanced solid malignancies were treated with escalating doses of DX-8951f, After three patients were treated at the first dose level, doses were to be escalated in increments of 100%, using a single patient at each dose level unless moderate toxicity was observed, The MTD, defined as the highest dose level at which the incidence of dose-limiting toxicity did not exceed 20%, was calculated separately for minimally pretreated (MP) and heavily pretreated (HP) patients. The PK and excretory profiles of: DX-8951, the anhydrous form of DX-8951f, were also characterized. Results: Thirty-six patients were treated with 130 courses of DX-8951f at six dose levels ranging from 0.1 to 0.6 mg/m(2)/d. Brief, noncumulative neutropenia was the most common toxicity observed. Severe myelosuppression (neutropenia that was protracted and/or associated with fever and/or severe thrombocytopenia) was consistently experienced by HP and MP patients at doses exceeding 0.3 and 0.5 mg/m(2)/d, respectively, Nonhematologic toxicities (nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea) were also observed, but these effects were rarely severe. Objective antitumor activity included partial responses in one patient each with platinum-resistant extrapulmonary small-cell and fluoropyrimidine- and irinotecan-resistant colorectal carcinoma, and minor responses in patients with prostate, hepatocellular, thymic, primary peritoneal, and irinotecan-resistant colorectal carcinomas. The PKs of total DX-8951 were linear and well fit by a three-compartment model. Conclusion: The recommended doses for phase II studies of DX-8951f as a 30-minute infusion daily for 5 days every 3 weeks are 0.5 and 0.3 mg/m2/d for MP and HP patients, respectively, The characteristics of the myelosuppressive effects of DX-8951f, paucity of severe nonhematologic toxicities, and antitumor activity against a wide range of malignancies warrant broad disease-directed evaluations of DX-8951f on this schedule. (C) 2000 by American Society of Clinical Oncology. C1 Canc Therapy & Res Ctr, Inst Drug Dev, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Joe Arrington Canc Ctr, Lubbock, TX USA. Daiichi Pharmaceut Corp, Montvale, NJ USA. RP Rowinsky, EK (reprint author), Canc Therapy & Res Ctr, Inst Drug Dev, 8122 Datapoint Dr,Suite 700, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. NR 46 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0732-183X J9 J CLIN ONCOL JI J. Clin. Oncol. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 18 IS 17 BP 3151 EP 3163 PG 13 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 349GX UT WOS:000089038300012 PM 10963644 ER PT J AU Diel, J Perlmutter, S Venkataramanan, N Mueller, R Lane, MJ Katz, DS AF Diel, J Perlmutter, S Venkataramanan, N Mueller, R Lane, MJ Katz, DS TI Unenhanced helical CT using increased pitch for suspected renal colic: An effective technique for radiation dose reduction? SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE computed tomography; kidneys, diseases; ureteral calculi; radiation dose; renal colic ID ACUTE FLANK PAIN; SPIRAL COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; ACUTE ABDOMINAL-PAIN; UROGRAPHY AB Purpose: To determine the accuracy and utility of unenhanced helical CT for suspected renal colic, using a pitch of either 2.5 or 3.0, Methods: 59 consecutive patients underwent unenhanced helical CT. 5 mm contiguous images were obtained at a kVP of 120 and an mA of 260. Thirty-four patients were imaged at a pitch of 2.5, and 25 patients were imaged at a pitch of 3.0. Two radiologists, an attending treader 1), and a second-year resident treader 2), independently and retrospectively reviewed the CT images, blinded to the clinical outcome. The presence or absence of a ureteral stone was recorded and image quality was graded. A third radiologist determined accuracy for each reader. Average entrance exposure was estimated using a CT phantom at a variety of pitches. Results: Overall sensitivity, specificity: and accuracy for reader 1 were 91, 96, and 93%. For reader 2, they were 86, 93, and 90%. There was no significant difference in accuracy using a pitch of 3.0 compared with 2.5 for either reader. Readers 1 and 2 rated image quality at 2.5 pitch as excellent for 88 and 76% of scans, respectively; at 3.0 pitch the scans were rated by both readers as excellent for 40% and acceptable for 60%. Average entrance exposures were estimated at 461, 553, and 913 mR at pitches of 3.0, 2.5, and 1.5, Conclusion: Increasing the pitch on unenhanced helical CT for suspected renal colic to 2.5 or 3.0 appears to be an effective method of reducing radiation dose. Although accuracy of the technique did not significantly change using a pitch of 3.0 in one group of patients, compared with a pitch of 2.5 in another group of patients, image quality did decrease. C1 Winthrop Univ Hosp, Dept Radiol, Mineola, NY 11501 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Radiol, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Katz, DS (reprint author), Winthrop Univ Hosp, Dept Radiol, 259 1st St, Mineola, NY 11501 USA. NR 24 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0363-8715 J9 J COMPUT ASSIST TOMO JI J. Comput. Assist. Tomogr. PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 24 IS 5 BP 795 EP 801 DI 10.1097/00004728-200009000-00023 PG 7 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 361MY UT WOS:000089727900023 PM 11045705 ER PT J AU Kolluru, SV O'Neil, EF Popovics, JS Shah, SP AF Kolluru, SV O'Neil, EF Popovics, JS Shah, SP TI Crack propagation in flexural fatigue of concrete SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MECHANICS-ASCE LA English DT Article ID FIBER-REINFORCED CONCRETE; FRACTURE AB In this paper the behavior of concrete subjected to flexural fatigue loading is studied. Notched concrete beams were tested in a three-point bending configuration. Specimens were subjected to quasi-static cyclic and constant amplitude fatigue loading. The cyclic tests were performed by unloading the specimen at different points in the postpeak part of the quasi-static loading response. Low cycle, high amplitude fatigue tests were performed to failure using four different load ranges. The crack mouth opening displacement was continuously monitored throughout the loading process. Crack propagation caused by quasi-static and fatigue loads is described in terms of fracture mechanics. It is shown that the crack propagation in the postpeak part of the quasi-static load response is predicted using the critical value of the mode I stress intensity factor (K-1C). The ultimate deformation of the specimen during the fatigue test is compared with that from the quasi-static test; it is demonstrated that the quasi-static deformation is insufficient as a fatigue failure criterion. It is observed that crack growth owing to constant-amplitude fatigue loading comprises two phases: a deceleration stage when there is a decrease in crack growth rate with increasing crack length, followed by an acceleration stage where the rate of crack growth increases at a steady rate. The crack length where the rate of crack growth changes from deceleration to acceleration is shown to be equal to the crack length at the peak load of the quasi-static response. Analytical expressions for crack growth in the deceleration and acceleration stages are developed, wherein the expressions for crack growth rate in the deceleration stage are developed using the R-curve concept, and the acceleration stage is shown to follow the Paris law. It is observed that the crack length at failure for constant amplitude fatigue loading is comparable to that of the corresponding load in the postpeak part of the quasi-static response. Finally, a fracture-based fatigue failure criterion is proposed. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Civil Engn, NSF, Ctr Adv Cement Based Mat, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Concrete Mat Div, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Drexel Univ, Dept Civil & Architectural Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Kolluru, SV (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Civil Engn, NSF, Ctr Adv Cement Based Mat, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RI Shah, Surendra/B-7102-2009 NR 27 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 14 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA SN 0733-9399 J9 J ENG MECH-ASCE JI J. Eng. Mech.-ASCE PD SEP PY 2000 VL 126 IS 9 BP 891 EP 898 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(2000)126:9(891) PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 347BY UT WOS:000088908100001 ER PT J AU Bazant, ZP Caner, FC Carol, I Adley, MD Akers, SA AF Bazant, ZP Caner, FC Carol, I Adley, MD Akers, SA TI Microplane model M4 for concrete. I: Formulation with work-conjugate deviatoric stress SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MECHANICS-ASCE LA English DT Article ID BRITTLE-PLASTIC MATERIAL; FINITE STRAIN; FRACTURE; DAMAGE; VERIFICATION; DEFORMATION AB The first part of this two-part study presents a new improved microplane constitutive model for concrete, representing the fourth Version in the Line of microplane models developed at Northwestern University. The constitutive law is characterized as a relation between the normal, volumetric, deviatoric, and shear stresses and strains on planes of various orientations, called the microplanes. The strain components on the microplanes are the projections of the continuum strain tensor, and the continuum stresses are obtained from the microplane stress components according to the principle of virtual work. The improvements include (I) a work-conjugate volumetric deviatoric split-the main improvement, facilitating physical interpretation of stress components; (2) additional horizontal boundaries (yield limits) for the normal and deviatoric microplane stress components, making it possible to control the curvature at the peaks of stress-strain curves; (3) an improved nonlinear frictional yield surface with plasticity asymptote; (4) a simpler and more effective fitting procedure with sequential identification of material parameters; (5) a method to control the steepness and tail length of postpeak softening: and (6) damage modeling with a reduction of unloading stiffness and crack-closing boundary. The second part of this study, by Caner and Bazant, will present an algorithm for implementing the model in structural analysis programs and provide experimental verification and calibration by test data. C1 Northwestern Univ, McCormick Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Univ Politecn Catalunya, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL USA. USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Div Geomech, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Bazant, ZP (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, McCormick Sch Engn & Appl Sci, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RI Bazant, Zdenek/B-6743-2009; Caner, Ferhun/E-5848-2010; Carol, Ignacio/H-9011-2015 OI Carol, Ignacio/0000-0002-1821-7203 NR 46 TC 166 Z9 174 U1 5 U2 31 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA SN 0733-9399 J9 J ENG MECH-ASCE JI J. Eng. Mech.-ASCE PD SEP PY 2000 VL 126 IS 9 BP 944 EP 953 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 347BY UT WOS:000088908100007 ER PT J AU Bazant, ZP Caner, FC Adley, MD Akers, SA AF Bazant, ZP Caner, FC Adley, MD Akers, SA TI Fracturing rate effect and creep in microplane model for dynamics SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MECHANICS-ASCE LA English DT Article ID VISCOELASTIC MEDIA; COHESIVE CRACK; LOADING RATE; CONCRETE CREEP; FINITE STRAIN; SHRINKAGE; JUSTIFICATION; REFINEMENTS; STABILITY; FRICTION AB The formulation of microplane model M4 in Parts I and II is extended to rate dependence. Two types of rate effect in the nonlinear triaxial behavior of concrete are distinguished: (1) Rate dependence of fracturing (microcrack growth) associated with the activation energy of bond ruptures, and (2) creep (or viscoelasticity). Short-time linear creep (viscoelasticity) is approximated by a nonaging Maxwell spring-dashpot model calibrated so that its response at constant stress would be tangent to the compliance function of model B3 for a time delay characteristic of the problem at hand. An effective explicit algorithm for step-by-step finite-element analysis is formulated. The main reason that the rate dependence of fracturing must be taken into account is to simulate the sudden reversal of postpeak strain softening into hardening revealed by recent tests. The main reason that short-time creep (viscoelasticity) must be taken into account is to simulate the rate dependence of the initial and unloading stiffness. Good approximations of the rate effects observed in material testing are achieved. The model is suitable for finite-element analysis of impact, blast, earthquake, and short-time loads up to several hours duration. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Bazant, ZP (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RI Bazant, Zdenek/B-6743-2009; Caner, Ferhun/E-5848-2010 NR 64 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 19 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA SN 0733-9399 J9 J ENG MECH-ASCE JI J. Eng. Mech.-ASCE PD SEP PY 2000 VL 126 IS 9 BP 962 EP 970 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 347BY UT WOS:000088908100009 ER PT J AU Bazant, ZP Adley, MD Carol, I Jirasek, M Akers, SA Rohani, B Cargile, JD Caner, FC AF Bazant, ZP Adley, MD Carol, I Jirasek, M Akers, SA Rohani, B Cargile, JD Caner, FC TI Large-strain generalization of microplane model for concrete and application SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MECHANICS-ASCE LA English DT Article ID FINITE STRAIN; ELASTOPLASTIC ANALYSIS; STRESS; FORMULATION AB The formulation of the microplane model for concrete and development of model M4 in the three preceding companion papers in this study is here extended to large strains. After giving examples of certain difficulties with the second Piola-Kirchhoff stress tensor in the modeling of strength and frictional limits on weak planes within the material, the back-rotated Cauchy (true) tensor is introduced as the stress measure. The strain tensor conjugate to the back-rotated Cauchy (or Kirchhoff) stress tensor is unsuitable because it is non-holonomic (i.e., path-dependent) and because its microplane components do not characterize meaningful deformation measures. Therefore Green's Lagrangian tensor is adopted, even though it is not conjugate. Only for this strain measure do the microplane components of the strain tensor suffice to characterize the normal stretch and shear angle on that microplane. Using such nonconjugate strain and stress tensors is admissible because, for concrete, the elastic parts of strains as well as the total volumetric strains are always small, and because the algorithm used guarantees the energy dissipation by large inelastic strains to be nonnegative. Examples of dynamic structural analysis are given. C1 Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MI 31980 USA. Univ Politecn Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain. Swiss Fed Inst Technol, EPFL, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL USA. RP Bazant, ZP (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RI Jirasek, Milan/B-7504-2008; Bazant, Zdenek/B-6743-2009; Caner, Ferhun/E-5848-2010; Carol, Ignacio/H-9011-2015 OI Jirasek, Milan/0000-0001-5795-9587; Carol, Ignacio/0000-0002-1821-7203 NR 47 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 7 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA SN 0733-9399 J9 J ENG MECH-ASCE JI J. Eng. Mech.-ASCE PD SEP PY 2000 VL 126 IS 9 BP 971 EP 980 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 347BY UT WOS:000088908100010 ER PT J AU Qi, SY Hay, KJ Rood, MJ Cal, MP AF Qi, SY Hay, KJ Rood, MJ Cal, MP TI Carbon fiber adsorption using quantitative structure-activity relationship SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID ACTIVATED CARBON; VAPOR ADSORPTION; ORGANIC VAPORS; MICROPORES; PREDICTION; CAPACITIES AB Adsorption capacities of adsorbents are necessary for selecting and designing adsorption systems for separation and removal processes, such as air quality control devices, because they are indicators of service life. This paper describes the use of the Dubinin-Radushkevich (DR) equation and the quantitative structure-activated relationship to predict the equilibrium adsorption of select organic vapor by activated carbon fiber (ACF) adsorbents. The DR isotherm parameter, k, depends on the adsorbate as well as the adsorbent, and the prediction for k can be obtained indirectly from the affinity coefficient. A correlation is developed to compute the affinity coefficient from the modified, first-order, valence molecular connectivity index. This method provides an improved way to predict equilibrium adsorption capacities for select volatile organic compound adsorbates and activated carbon fiber adsorbents. C1 USA, Construct Engn Res Lab, Champaign, IL 61824 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Mineral & Environm Engn, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RP Qi, SY (reprint author), USA, Construct Engn Res Lab, Champaign, IL 61824 USA. RI Qi, Shaoying/A-2837-2008 NR 17 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD SEP PY 2000 VL 126 IS 9 BP 865 EP 868 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2000)126:9(865) PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 347DK UT WOS:000088912000012 ER PT J AU O'Malley, PG Balden, E Tomkins, G Santoro, J Kroenke, K Jackson, JL AF O'Malley, PG Balden, E Tomkins, G Santoro, J Kroenke, K Jackson, JL TI Treatment of fibromyalgia with antidepressants - A meta-analysis SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID DOUBLE-BLIND CROSSOVER; CONTROLLED TRIAL; S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE; CLINICAL-FEATURES; PAIN; AMITRIPTYLINE; PLACEBO; METAANALYSIS; SLEEP; SOMATIZATION AB BACKGROUND: Fibromyalgia is a common, poorly understood musculoskeletal pain syndrome with limited therapeutic options. OBJECTIVE: To systematically review the efficacy of antidepressants in the treatment of fibromyalgia and examine whether this effect was independent of depression. DESIGN: Mete-analysis of English-language, randomized, placebo-controlled trials. Studies were obtained from searching MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PSYCLIT (1966-1999), the Cochrane Library, unpublished literature, and bibliographies. We performed independent duplicate review of each study for both inclusion and data extraction. MAIN RESULTS: Sixteen randomized, placebo-controlled trials were identified, of which 13 were appropriate for data extraction. There were 3 classes of antidepressants evaluated: tricyclics (9 trials), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (3 trials), and S-adenosylmethionine (2 trials). Overall, the quality of the studies was good (mean score 5.6, scale 0-8). The odds ratio for improvement with therapy was 4.2 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 2.6 to 6.8). The pooled risk difference for these studies was 0.25 (95% CI, 0.16 to 0.34), which calculates to 4 (95% CI, 2.9 to 6.3) individuals needing treatment for 1 patient to experience symptom improvement. When the effect on individual symptoms was combined, antidepressants improved sleep, fatigue, pain, and well-being, but not trigger points. In the 5 studies where there was adequate assessment for an effect independent of depression, only 1 study found a correlation between symptom improvement and depression scores. Outcomes were not affected by class of agent or quality score using meta-regression. CONCLUSION: Antidepressants are efficacious in treating many of the symptoms of fibromyalgia. Patients were more than 4 times as likely to report overall improvement, and reported moderate reductions in individual symptoms. particularly pain. Whether this effect is independent of depression needs further study. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med EDP, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Div Gen Internal Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. William Beaumont Army Med Ctr, El Paso, TX 79920 USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Regenstrief Inst Hlth Care, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. RP O'Malley, PG (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med EDP, Room A3060, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 49 TC 203 Z9 209 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0884-8734 J9 J GEN INTERN MED JI J. Gen. Intern. Med. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 15 IS 9 BP 659 EP 666 DI 10.1046/j.1525-1497.2000.06279.x PG 8 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medicine, General & Internal SC Health Care Sciences & Services; General & Internal Medicine GA 362QZ UT WOS:000089790900008 PM 11029681 ER PT J AU Marcuson, WF AF Marcuson, WF TI Soil mechanics and US National Defense - A mutually beneficial relationship SO JOURNAL OF GEOTECHNICAL AND GEOENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB This paper discusses military requirements and how these requirements have driven technology. Specifically, these advances in technology have been directly applied to civil engineering and, even more specifically, geotechnical engineering to advance the state of practice as we know it today. Topics include airfield construction, soil dynamics, and rock mechanics. Current gaps in our knowledge are briefly discussed as they relate to both our nation's defense and geotechnical engineering. C1 WF Marcuson III & Assoc Inc, Vicksburg, MS USA. USA, Engineer Waterways Expt Stn, Geotech Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Marcuson, WF (reprint author), WF Marcuson III & Assoc Inc, Vicksburg, MS USA. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA SN 1090-0241 J9 J GEOTECH GEOENVIRON JI J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 126 IS 9 BP 767 EP 774 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2000)126:9(767) PG 8 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 347DP UT WOS:000088912400002 ER PT J AU Feng, X Lin, CF Coleman, NP AF Feng, X Lin, CF Coleman, NP TI Frequency-domain recursive robust identification SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article C1 Amer GNC Corp, Chatsworth, CA 91311 USA. USA, Armament Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Automat & Robot Lab, AMSTA AR FSF R, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. RP Feng, X (reprint author), Amer GNC Corp, 9131 Mason Ave, Chatsworth, CA 91311 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 23 IS 5 BP 908 EP 910 DI 10.2514/2.4628 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 354ZW UT WOS:000089362000025 ER PT J AU Mishra, N Khan, IU Tsokos, GC Kammer, GM AF Mishra, N Khan, IU Tsokos, GC Kammer, GM TI Association of deficient type II protein kinase a activity with aberrant nuclear translocation of the RII beta subunit in systemic lupus erythematosus T lymphocytes SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REGULATORY SUBUNIT; ADENOSINE 3'-5'-MONOPHOSPHATE; DECREASED PRODUCTION; DISEASE-ACTIVITY; BINDING-PROTEIN; PHOSPHORYLATION; ACTIVATION; SEQUENCE; ALPHA; CELLS AB Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder of indeterminate etiology characterized by abnormal T cell signal transduction and altered T cell effector functions, We have previously observed a profound deficiency of total protein kinase A (PKA) phosphotransferase activity in SLE T cells. Here we examined whether reduced total PKA activity In SLE T cells is in part the result of deficient type II PKA (PKA-II) isozyme activity. The mean PKA-II activity in SLE T cells was 61% of normal control T cells. The prevalence of deficient PKA-IZ activity in 35 SLE subjects was 37%, Deficient Isozyme activity was persistent over time and was unrelated to SLE disease activity. Reduced PKA-II activity was associated with spontaneous dissociation of the cytosolic RII beta C-2(2) holoenzyme and translocation of the regulatory (RII beta) subunit from the cytosol to the nucleus, Confocal immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that the RII beta subunit was present in similar to 60% of SLE T cell nuclei compared with only 2-3% of normal and disease controls, Quantification of nuclear RII beta subunit protein content by immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting demonstrated a 54% increase over normal T cell nuclei, Moreover, the RII beta subunit was retained in SLE T cell nuclei, failed to relocate to the cytosol, and was associated with a persistent deficiency of PKA-II activity, In conclusion, we describe a novel mechanism of deficient PKA-II isozyme activity due to aberrant nuclear translocation of the RII beta subunit and its retention in the nucleus in SLE T cells. Deficient PKA-II activity may contribute to impaired signaling in SLE T cells. C1 Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Sect Rheumatol & Clin Immunol, Dept Internal Med, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Cellular Injury, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Kammer, GM (reprint author), Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Sect Rheumatol & Clin Immunol, Dept Internal Med, Med Ctr Blvd, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [MO1 RR07122]; NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI42269]; NIAMS NIH HHS [R01 AR39501] NR 57 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD SEP 1 PY 2000 VL 165 IS 5 BP 2830 EP 2840 PG 11 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 390MF UT WOS:000166299300064 PM 10946316 ER PT J AU Ribeiro, JMC Charlab, R Rowton, ED Cupp, EW AF Ribeiro, JMC Charlab, R Rowton, ED Cupp, EW TI Simulium vittatum (Diptera : Simuliidae) and Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera : Psychodidae) salivary gland hyaluronidase activity SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Simulium vittatum; Phlebotomus papatasi; salivary glands; hyaluronidase; hematophagy; blood feeding ID VESICULAR STOMATITIS; TISSUE INVASION; MACROPHAGES; SPERM AB Hyaluronidase activity in the salivary gland homogenates of Simulium vittatum (Zetterstedt) is described, and its optimal pH determined. Salivary activity was reduced significantly after a blood meal, indicating that it was secreted after blood feeding. Phlebotomus papatasi (Scopoli) also exhibited salivary hyaluronidase activity. These results indicate that hematophagous pool feeding insects may secrete this enzyme to help the spread of salivary antihemostatic agents in the vicinity of the feeding lesion, and perhaps to increase the size of the feeding lesion itself. Additionally this enzyme may affect local host immune reactions and promote arboviral transmission. C1 NIAID, Sect Med Entomol, Parasit Dis Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Entomol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Ribeiro, JMC (reprint author), NIAID, Sect Med Entomol, Parasit Dis Lab, NIH, Bldg 4,Room 126,4 Ctr Dr,MSC-0425, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RI Rowton, Edgar/A-4474-2012; Rowton, Edgar/A-1975-2011; OI Rowton, Edgar/0000-0002-1979-1485; Ribeiro, Jose/0000-0002-9107-0818 NR 23 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 37 IS 5 BP 743 EP 747 DI 10.1603/0022-2585-37.5.743 PG 5 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 359RJ UT WOS:000089625600015 PM 11004788 ER PT J AU Flynn, TW AF Flynn, TW TI Construct validity of Cyriax's selective tension examination: Association of end-feels with pain at the knee and shoulder - Invited commentary SO JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC & SPORTS PHYSICAL THERAPY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USA, Baylor Grad Program Phys Therapy, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Flynn, TW (reprint author), USA, Baylor Grad Program Phys Therapy, 3151 Scott Rd, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU J O S P T, ALLIANCE GROUP COMMUNICATIONS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0190-6011 J9 J ORTHOP SPORT PHYS JI J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 30 IS 9 BP 522 EP 523 PG 2 WC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences GA 354PM UT WOS:000089338900003 ER PT J AU Graham, MJ Weinacht, P AF Graham, MJ Weinacht, P TI Numerical investigation of supersonic jet interaction for axisymmetric bodies SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article ID EQUATIONS AB A detailed numerical investigation of the interaction between a lateral jet and the external flow has been performed for several axisymmetric bodies. Numerical predictions of the supersonic viscous flow has been obtained using an existing Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes computational technique. The computational results have been validated using surface pressure and global force and moment measurements from a previously published experimental investigation. Surface-pressure measurements on the body are generally in good agreement with the experimental measurements, particularly in the region downstream of the side jet. Force and moment predictions also show excellent agreement with experimental measurements. The results show that the interaction of the jet with the external flow produces a complex flowfield that may be difficult to characterize using simpler approaches. The effects of nose shape, angle of attack, mass flow, and Eight velocity have been investigated. For the geometries and flight conditions considered here, Right velocity and jet mass flow appear to have the most significant effect on the force and moments, whereas nose shape and small variations in angle of attack produced relatively small effects. These conclusions are supported by the results obtained in the prior experimental investigation. C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Graham, MJ (reprint author), US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 19 TC 10 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 37 IS 5 BP 675 EP 683 DI 10.2514/2.3617 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 364LN UT WOS:000089894000018 ER PT J AU Mikhail, AG AF Mikhail, AG TI Comment on "Roll damping for projectiles including wraparound, offset, and arbitrary number of fins" - Reply by the author to A. Sigal SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article C1 USA, Res Lab, Aerodynam Branch, Weap & Mat Res Directorate,Ballist & Weap Concept, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Mikhail, AG (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aerodynam Branch, Weap & Mat Res Directorate,Ballist & Weap Concept, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 37 IS 5 BP 710 EP 712 DI 10.2514/2.3626 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 364LN UT WOS:000089894000026 ER PT J AU Grant, KW Seitz, PF AF Grant, KW Seitz, PF TI The use of visible speech cues for improving auditory detection of spoken sentences SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID COHERENCE MASKING PROTECTION; AMPLITUDE ENVELOPE CUES; CONSONANT RECOGNITION; ARTICULATION INDEX; VISUAL INTEGRATION; NOISE; PERCEPTION; CORTEX; ADULTS; PRINT AB Classic accounts of the benefits of speechreading to speech recognition treat auditory and visual channels as independent sources of information that are integrated fairly early in the speech perception process. The primary question addressed in this study was whether visible movements of the speech articulators could be used to improve the detection of speech in noise, thus demonstrating an influence of speechreading on the ability to detect, rather than recognize, speech. In the first experiment, ten normal-hearing subjects detected the presence of three known spoken sentences in noise under three conditions: auditory-only (A), auditory plus speechreading with a visually matched sentence (AV(M)) and auditory plus speechreading with a visually unmatched sentence (AV(UM)). When the speechread sentence matched the target sentence, average detection thresholds improved by about 1.6 dB relative to the auditory condition. However, the amount of threshold reduction varied significantly for the three target sentences (from 0.8 to 2.2 dB). There was no difference in detection thresholds between the AV(UM) condition and the A condition. In a second experiment, the effects of visually matched orthographic stimuli on detection thresholds was examined for the same three target sentences in six subjects who participated in the earlier experiment. When the orthographic stimuli were presented just prior to each trial, average detection thresholds improved by about 0.5 dB relative to the A condition. However, unlike the AV(M) condition, the detection improvement due to orthography was not dependent on the target sentence. Analyses of correlations between area of mouth opening and acoustic envelopes derived from selected spectral regions of each sentence (corresponding to the wide-band speech, and first, second, and third formant regions) suggested that AV(M) threshold reduction may be determined by the degree of auditory-visual temporal coherence, especially between the area of lip opening and the envelope derived from mid- to high-frequency acoustic energy. Taken together, the data (for these sentences at least) suggest that visual cues derived from the dynamic movements of the fact during speech production interact with time-aligned auditory cues to enhance sensitivity in auditory detection. The amount of visual influence depends in part on the degree of correlation between acoustic envelopes and visible movement of the articulators. [S0001-4966(00)03709-7]. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Army Audiol & Speech Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Grant, KW (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Army Audiol & Speech Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. FU NIDCD NIH HHS [DC00792, DC01643] NR 45 TC 200 Z9 201 U1 2 U2 29 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 108 IS 3 BP 1197 EP 1208 DI 10.1121/1.1288668 PN 1 PG 12 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 352RD UT WOS:000089230900028 PM 11008820 ER PT J AU McClain, LM Weiss, WB Jatoi, I AF McClain, LM Weiss, WB Jatoi, I TI Small bowel resection for carcinoid tumor SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF SURGEONS LA English DT Article C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78234 USA. RP McClain, LM (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78234 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1072-7515 J9 J AM COLL SURGEONS JI J. Am. Coll. Surg. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 191 IS 3 BP 331 EP 332 PG 2 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 350NP UT WOS:000089108200014 ER PT J AU Conner, WC Shriver, C AF Conner, WC Shriver, C TI Symptomatic adult polycystic liver disease SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF SURGEONS LA English DT Article RP Conner, WC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1072-7515 J9 J AM COLL SURGEONS JI J. Am. Coll. Surg. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 191 IS 3 BP 332 EP 332 DI 10.1016/S1072-7515(00)00346-X PG 1 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 350NP UT WOS:000089108200021 PM 10989908 ER PT J AU Pecor, JE Jones, J Turell, MJ Fernandez, R Carbajal, F O'Guinn, M Sardalis, M Watts, D Zyzak, M Calampa, C Klein, TA AF Pecor, JE Jones, J Turell, MJ Fernandez, R Carbajal, F O'Guinn, M Sardalis, M Watts, D Zyzak, M Calampa, C Klein, TA TI Annotated checklist of the mosquito species encountered during arboviral studies in Iquitos, Peru (Diptera : Culicidae) SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Culicidae; mosquitoes; checklist; Peru; distribution; bionomics ID CULEX MELANOCONION DIPTERA; SPISSIPES SECTION AB A checklist of the mosquito fauna encountered during arboviral studies in Iquitos, Peru, is presented. A total of 16 genera, 30 subgenera, and 96 species were identified, including 24 species reported from Peru for the 1st time. Notations on the taxonomy and biology for 28 species are also provided. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Detachment Lima, APO, AA 34031 USA. RP Pecor, JE (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Walter Reed Biosystemat Unit, Museum Support Ctr, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 38 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI MOUNT LAUREL PA 15000 COMMERCE PARKWAY, SUITE C, MOUNT LAUREL, NJ 08054 USA SN 8756-971X EI 1943-6270 J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 16 IS 3 BP 210 EP 218 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 371GM UT WOS:000165170500005 PM 11081648 ER PT J AU Strickman, D Gaffigan, T Wirtz, RA Benedict, MQ Rafferty, CS Barwick, RS Williams, HA AF Strickman, D Gaffigan, T Wirtz, RA Benedict, MQ Rafferty, CS Barwick, RS Williams, HA TI Mosquito collections following local transmission of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Westmoreland County, Virginia SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Plasmodium falciparum; malaria; Virginia; Anopheles quadrimaculatus; Anopheles smaragdinus; Aedes albopictus ID SPECIES DIPTERA; ANOPHELES; PATTERNS; RATES AB A 63-year-old woman from Colonial Beach, Westmoreland County, VA, was diagnosed with Plasmodium falciparum malaria on July 19, 1998. The woman had no history of international travel, intravenous drug use, blood transfusion, or other risk factor for contracting the disease. She seldom left the county and generally spent her evenings indoors, leading to the conclusion that she had been bitten locally by an infected mosquito. Colonial Beach is host to a population of migrant agricultural laborers from areas in which malaria occurs, but a blood survey of 89 Haitians and Mexicans failed to find Plasmodium parasites, specific antibodies, or clinical cases of malaria. Mosquito surveys were conducted during 2 days (July 22 and 28, 1998) with carbon-dioxide-baited light traps, larval and pupal collections, and landing collections. Thirteen species of mosquitoes were identified morphologically, including 4 potential vectors: Anopheles crucians, An. punctipennis, An. smaragdinus (new state record), and An. quadrimaculatus s.s. (new state record). Identifications of the latter 2 species were confirmed by sequencing of the ITS2 DNA region from adults reared from locally collected larvae. Anopheles smaragdinus was the most common biting species among the potential vectors, although An. crucians was the most abundant in other kinds of collections. In addition, Ae. albopictus was collected in Westmoreland County for the 1st time. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Entomol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Epidemiol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Strickman, D (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSN INC PI LAKE CHARLES PA 2200 E PRIEN LAKE RD, LAKE CHARLES, LA 70601 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 16 IS 3 BP 219 EP 222 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 371GM UT WOS:000165170500006 PM 11081649 ER PT J AU McDonald, RMS AF McDonald, RMS TI The papers of General Nathanael Greene, vol 10, 3 December 1781-6 April 1782 SO JOURNAL OF THE EARLY REPUBLIC LA English DT Book Review C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP McDonald, RMS (reprint author), US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC HISTORIANS EARLY AMERICAN REPUBLIC PI W LAFAYETTE PA PURDUE UNIV, 1358 UNIV HALL, W LAFAYETTE, IN 47907-1358 USA SN 0275-1275 J9 J EARLY REPUBL JI J. Early Repub. PD FAL PY 2000 VL 20 IS 3 BP 562 EP 564 DI 10.2307/3125072 PG 3 WC History SC History GA 374HJ UT WOS:000165339500011 ER PT J AU Connon, WH AF Connon, WH TI Determining vehicle sensitivity to changes in test-course roughness SO JOURNAL OF THE IEST LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th Annual Technical Meeting of the Institute-of-Environmental-Science-and-Technology CY APR 30-MAY 04, 2000 CL PROVIDENCE, RHODE ISLAND SP Inst Environm Sci & Technol DE vehicle testing; test courses; vehicle ride quality; fatigue damage AB Test courses are monitored at the U.S. Army Aberdeen Test Center (ATC) on a monthly basis and are altered as required to maintain a "constant" roughness. The monitoring process consists of a jury ride and analysis of data acquired using an instrumented, light wheeled vehicle. The surface profiles of test courses at ATC are also measured on a monthly basis using a profilometer. A series of displacement and angular measurements are made. These are used to compute surface roughness as a function of distance traveled over the test course. This article proposes two techniques for determining vehicle sensitivity to charges in test-course roughness (vehicle-dependent ride quality and vehicle-independent fatigue damage spectrum) and, thus, the requirement to maintain the course. Both of these techniques require a data transformation in the spatial domain analogous to the power spectral density function in the temporal domain. An example using data measured before and after grading of an actual test course is presented. C1 USA, Aberdeen Test Ctr, Automot Instrumentat Team, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Connon, WH (reprint author), USA, Aberdeen Test Ctr, Automot Instrumentat Team, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST ENVIRONMENTAL SCI TECHNOLOGY PI MT PROSPECT PA 940 E NORTHWEST HIGHWAY, MT PROSPECT, IL 60056 USA SN 1098-4321 J9 J IEST JI J. IEST PD FAL PY 2000 VL 43 IS 4 BP 30 EP 37 PG 48 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 383XP UT WOS:000165910200003 ER PT J AU Wu, PF Rao, DVGLN Kimball, BR Nakashima, M DeCristofano, BS AF Wu, PF Rao, DVGLN Kimball, BR Nakashima, M DeCristofano, BS TI Spatial light modulator with output-sign control and self-protective diffraction limiting SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INDUCED 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION; COHERENT OPTICAL CONVERTER; AZO-DYE POLYMERS; DOPED POLYMER; AZOBENZENE; FILMS; NONLINEARITY; CRYSTALS; MATRIX AB The characteristics of spatial light modulation (SLM) based on a biphoton holographic grating with azobenzene films are studied theoretically and experimentally. The mechanism of SLM originates from trans<-->cis isomerization of the azobenzene molecules induced by two-colored lights. Theoretical results indicate that the SLM output replica can change its sign by varying the intensity of the incoherent light or blocking it. An interesting feature of this SLM model is that it provides a method to limit diffraction efficiencies at high input intensities, which protects photosensors from damage. When an azobenzene-doped polymer film is used, incoherent-to-coherent image conversion and a sign change of a replica of the output image are observed in the experiment. (C) 2000 Optical Society of America [S0740-3224(00)00909-7]. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02125 USA. USA, Mat Sci Team, Soldier Syst Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Wu, PF (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02125 USA. RI Rao, Devulapalli/L-8863-2015 NR 28 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 17 IS 9 BP 1548 EP 1553 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.17.001548 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 352RP UT WOS:000089231900011 ER PT J AU Fink, BK AF Fink, BK TI Performance metrics for composite integral armor SO JOURNAL OF THERMOPLASTIC COMPOSITE MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE composite; armor; resin transfer molding; CIRTM; co-injection; ballistic; armored vehicle; ballistic shock; metal foam; ceramic armor AB Future combat systems necessarily focus on lightweight, highly mobile and transportable armored vehicles. Lightweight composite integral armor systems are being developed to meet these needs. The goal of this paper is to centrally document the myriad design requirements for composite integral armors that serve multifunctional roles including ballistic, structural, shock, electromagnetic, and fire protection. Structural and ballistic performance requirements as well as manufacturing and life-cycle performance issues of integral armor are presented. Specific areas addressed include high-strain-rate testing and modeling, ballistic testing and modeling, low-cycle fatigue, damage tolerance, repair, reduced-step processing, through-thickness reinforcement, energy dissipation and rate-dependent failure mechanisms, and non-linear mechanics. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, WM,MB, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Fink, BK (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, WM,MB, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 12 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 8 PU TECHNOMIC PUBL CO INC PI LANCASTER PA 851 NEW HOLLAND AVE, BOX 3535, LANCASTER, PA 17604 USA SN 0892-7057 J9 J THERMOPLAST COMPOS JI J. Thermoplast. Compos. Mater. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 13 IS 5 BP 417 EP 431 DI 10.1106/FR0L-T33W-JPD0-VFH3 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 355BQ UT WOS:000089366100005 ER PT J AU Mabry, RL Holcomb, JB Baker, AM Cloonan, CC Uhorchak, JM Perkins, DE Canfield, AJ Hagmann, JH AF Mabry, RL Holcomb, JB Baker, AM Cloonan, CC Uhorchak, JM Perkins, DE Canfield, AJ Hagmann, JH TI United States Army rangers in Somalia: An analysis of combat casualties on an urban battlefield SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article DE urban warfare; combat; casualties; trauma; military personnel; body armor; Kevlar; gunshot wound ID PLANNED REOPERATION; MILITARY EXPERIENCE; INJURED PATIENTS; TRAUMA; WOUNDS; SWINE; RESUSCITATION; HEMORRHAGE; IMMEDIATE; CARE AB Background: This study was undertaken to determined the differences in injury patterns between soldiers equipped with modern body armor in an urban environment compared with the soldiers of the Vietnam War. Methods: From July 1998 to March 1999, data were collected for a retrospective analysis on all combat casualties sustained by United States military forces in Mogadishu, Somalia, on October 3 and 4, 1993. This was the largest and most recent urban battle involving United States ground forces since the Vietnam War. Results:There were 125 combat casualties. Casualty distribution was similar to that of Vietnam; 11% died on the battlefield, 3% died after reaching a medical facility, 47% were evacuated, and 39% returned to duty. The incidence of bullet wounds in Somalia was higher than in Vietnam (55% vs. 30%), whereas there were fewer fragment injuries (31% vs. 48%). Blunt injury (12%) and burns (2%) caused the remaining injuries in Somalia. Fatal penetrating injuries in Somalia compared with Vietnam included wounds to the head and face (36% vs. 35%), neck (7% vs. 8%), thorax (14% vs. 39%), abdomen (14% vs. 7%), thoracoabdominal (7% vs. 2%), pelvis (14% vs. 2%), and extremities 17% vs. 7%). No missiles penetrated the solid armor plate protecting the combatants' anterior chests and upper abdomens. Most fatal penetrating injuries were caused by missiles entering through areas not protected by body armor, such as the face, neck, pelvis, and groin. Three patients with penetrating abdominal wounds died from exsanguination, and two of these three died after damage-control procedures. Conclusion: The incidence of fatal head wounds was similar to that in Vietnam in spite of modern Kevlar helmets. Body armor reduced the number of fatal penetrating chest injuries. Penetrating wounds to the unprotected face, groin, and pelvis caused significant mortality. These data may be used to design improved body armor. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. Joint Trauma Training Ctr, Ben Taub, TX USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Off Armed Forces Med Examiner, Washington, DC USA. USA, John F Kennedy Special Warfare Ctr & Sch, Joint Special Operat Med Training Ctr, Ft Bragg, NC USA. Keller Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, W Point, NY USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Evans Army Community Hosp, Ft Carson, CO USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Casualty Care Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Mabry, RL (reprint author), 1800 Archers Bow Rd, San Antonio, TX 78232 USA. NR 48 TC 252 Z9 265 U1 7 U2 27 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5282 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD SEP PY 2000 VL 49 IS 3 BP 515 EP 528 DI 10.1097/00005373-200009000-00021 PG 14 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 355DA UT WOS:000089369300022 PM 11003332 ER PT J AU Sanchez, JL Bendet, I Grogl, M Lima, JBP Pang, LW Guimaraes, R Guedes, RH Milhous, WK Green, MD Todd, GD AF Sanchez, JL Bendet, I Grogl, M Lima, JBP Pang, LW Guimaraes, R Guedes, RH Milhous, WK Green, MD Todd, GD TI Malaria in Brazilian military personnel deployed to Angola SO JOURNAL OF TRAVEL MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 45th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY DEC 01-05, 1996 CL BALTIMORE, MARYLAND SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg ID UNITED-STATES TROOPS; FALCIPARUM-MALARIA; CHEMOPROPHYLACTIC REGIMENS; DOXYCYCLINE PROPHYLAXIS; MEFLOQUINE; SOMALIA; PREVENTION; SOLDIERS; FAILURE; AFRICA AB Background: Malaria represents one of the most important infectious disease threats to deployed military forces; most personnel from developed countries are nonimmune personnel and are at high risk of infection and clinical malaria. This is especially true for forces deployed to highly-endemic areas in Africa and Southeast Asia where drug-resistant malaria is common. Methods:We conducted an outbreak investigation of malaria cases in Angola where a total of 439 nonimmune Brazilian troops were deployed for a 6-month period in 1995-1996. A post-travel medical evaluation was also performed on 338 (77%) of the 439 soldiers upon return to Brazil. Questionnaire, medical record, thick/thin smear,and serum anti-Plasmodium falciparum antibody titer (by IFA) data were obtained. Peak serum mefloquine (Mj and methylmefloquine (MM) metabolite levels were measured in a subsample of 66 soldiers (42 cases, 24 nonmalaria controls) who were taking weekly mefloquine prophylaxis (250 mg). Results: Seventy-eight cases of malaria occurred among the 439 personnel initially interviewed in Angola (attack rate = 18%). Four soldiers were hospitalized, and 3 subsequently died of cerebral malaria. Upon return to Brazil, 63 (19%) of 338 soldiers evaluated were documented to have had clinical symptoms and a diagnosis of malaria while in Angola. in addition, 37 (11%) asymptomatically infected individuals were detected upon return (< 1% parasitemia). Elevated, post-travel anti-P. falciparum IFA titers ( 1:64) were seen in 101 (35%) of 292 soldiers tested, and was associated with a prior history of malaria in-country (OR = 3.67 95% Cl 1.98-6.82, p < .001). Noncompliance with weekly mefloquine prophylaxis (250 mg) was associated with a malaria diagnosis in Angola (OR = 3.75, 95% Cl 0.97-17.41, p = .03) but not with recent P falciparum infection (by IFA titer). Mean peak levels land ratios) of serum M and MM were also found to be lower in those who gave a history of malaria while in Angola. Conclusions: Malaria was a significant cause of morbidity among Brazilian Army military personnel deployed to Angola. Mefloquine prophylaxis appeared to protect soldiers from clinical, but not subclinical, Fl falciparum infections. Mefloquine noncompliance and an erratic chemoprophylaxis prevention policy contributed to this large outbreak in nonimmune personnel. This report highlights the pressing need for development of newer, more efficacious and practical, prophylactic drug regimens that will reduce the malaria threat to military forces and travelers. C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. Inst Biol Exercito, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Toxicol, Toxicol Informat Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Sanchez, JL (reprint author), USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, POB 836, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 39 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU DECKER PERIODICALS INC PI HAMILTON PA 4 HUGHSON STREET SOUTH PO BOX 620, LCD 1, HAMILTON, ONTARIO L8N 3K7, CANADA SN 1195-1982 J9 J TRAVEL MED JI J. Travel Med. PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 7 IS 5 BP 275 EP 282 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 414UL UT WOS:000167684500010 PM 11231212 ER PT J AU Cornum, RL Morey, AF Harris, R Gresham, V Daniels, R Knight, RW Beall, D Pusateri, A Holcomb, J MacPhee, M AF Cornum, RL Morey, AF Harris, R Gresham, V Daniels, R Knight, RW Beall, D Pusateri, A Holcomb, J MacPhee, M TI Does the absorbable fibrin adhesive bandage facilitate partial nephrectomy? SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE hemostasis; fibrin adhesive; nephrectomy ID EFFICACY; SURGERY; TRAUMA; INJURY; GLUE AB Purpose: To evaluate the ability of the absorbable fibrin adhesive bandage (AFAB), a prototype product comprising lyophilized fibrinogen and thrombin on a Vicryl(TM) mesh backing, to seal the collecting system and control bleeding after partial nephrectomy. Materials and Methods: Growing female pigs (n = 18) underwent left nephrectomy and a 40% (by length) right lower pole partial nephrectomy. One of three treatments was immediately applied: Conventional-closure of the collecting system, ligation of visible segmental vessels, application of Surgicel(TM) with bolstering sutures to the renal capsule; AFAB-application of up to two 4 x 4-inch AFABs held under pressure for 60 seconds; Placebo-application of a hemostatically inert Vicryl(TM) bandage, visually identical to the AFAB. Blood loss and ischemic and total operative times were recorded, and abdominal computerized tomography (CT) was performed on postoperative day 6. Animals were sacrificed at 6 weeks to evaluate the remaining renal mass histologically. Results: Compared with conventional therapy, use of the AFAB resulted in significantly less bleeding (13 versus 68 mi., p <0.001) and lower operative (7.2 versus 16.3 minutes, p <0.001) and ischemic times (3.4 versus 7.8 minutes, p <0.001). Estimated blood loss in the placebo bandage group was dramatically higher (357 mi., p <0.001). Postoperative CT and histological sectioning suggested that the AFAB produces astable, durable clot and that healing is at least as successful as with conventional treatment. Conclusion: Use of the AFAB facilitated performance of partial nephrectomy by reducing blood loss and ischemic and total operative times. The AFAB appears equivalent to conventional surgery in its ability to seal the collecting system. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Urol Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Amer Red Cross, Rockville, MD USA. RP Cornum, RL (reprint author), POB 8039, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. NR 16 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 164 IS 3 BP 864 EP 867 DI 10.1016/S0022-5347(05)67328-4 PN 1 PG 4 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 343BP UT WOS:000088682100073 PM 10953169 ER PT J AU Jackson, MR Belott, TP Dickason, T Kaiser, WJ Modrall, JG Valentine, RJ Clagett, GP AF Jackson, MR Belott, TP Dickason, T Kaiser, WJ Modrall, JG Valentine, RJ Clagett, GP TI The consequences of a failed femoropopliteal bypass grafting: Comparison of saphenous vein and PTFE grafts SO JOURNAL OF VASCULAR SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th Annual Meeting of the Southern-Association-for Vascular-Surgery CY JAN 19-22, 2000 CL TUCSON, ARIZONA SP SO Assoc Vascular Surg ID POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE GRAFTS; REVASCULARIZATION; CLAUDICATION AB Objectives: Although there are numerous reports comparing saphenous vein (SV) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) with respect to the patency rates for femoropopliteal bypass grafts, the clinical consequences of failed grafts are not as well described. This study compares the outcomes of failed SV and PTFE grafts with a specific emphasis on the degree of acute limb ischemia caused by graft occlusion. Methods: Over a 6-year period, 718 infrainguinal revascularization procedures were performed, of which 189 were femoropopliteal bypass grafts (SV, 108; PTFE, 81). Society for Vascular Surgery/International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery (SVS/ISCVS) standardized runoff scores were calculated from preoperative arteriograms. Clinical categories of acute limb ischemia resulting from graft occlusion were graded according to SVS/ISCVS standards (I, viable; II, threatened; III, irreversible). Primary graft patency and limb salvage rates at 48 months were calculated according to the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: Patients were well matched for age, sex, and comorbidities. Chronic critical ischemia was the operative indication in most cases (SV, 82%; PTFE, 80%; P = .85). Runoff scores and preoperative ankle-brachial index measurements were similar for the two groups (SV, 6.0 +/- 2.5 [SD] and 0.51 +/- 0.29; PTFE, 5.3 +/- 2.8 and 0.45 +/- 0.20; P = .06 and P = .12). The distal anastomosis was made below the knee in 60% of SV grafts and 16% of PTFE grafts (P < .001). Grade II ischemia was more likely to occur after occlusion of PTPE grafts (78%) than after occlusion of SV grafts' (21%; P = .001). Emergency revascularization after graft occlusion was required for 28% of PTPE failures but only 3% of SV graft failures (P < .001). Primary graft patency at 48 months was 58% for SV grafts and 32% for PTPE grafts (P = .008). Limb salvage was' achieved in 81% of SV grafts but only 56% of PTFE grafts (P = .019). Conclusions: Patients undergoing femoropopliteal bypass grafting with PTPE are at greater risk of ischemic complications from graft occlusion and more frequently require emergency limb revascularization as a result of graft occlusion than patients receiving SV grafts. Graft patency and limb salvage are superior with SV in comparison with PTFE in patients undergoing femoropopliteal bypass grafting. C1 Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Dallas, TX 75235 USA. William Beaumont Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Ft Bliss, TX USA. RP Jackson, MR (reprint author), Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dept Surg, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75235 USA. NR 11 TC 70 Z9 72 U1 1 U2 3 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0741-5214 J9 J VASC SURG JI J. Vasc. Surg. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 32 IS 3 BP 498 EP 504 DI 10.1067/mva.2000.108634 PG 7 WC Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Surgery; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 352QV UT WOS:000089230100019 PM 10957656 ER PT J AU Melby, JA Kobayashi, N AF Melby, JA Kobayashi, N TI Progression and variability of damage on rubble mound breakwaters - Closure SO JOURNAL OF WATERWAY PORT COASTAL AND OCEAN ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USAE, Engrg Res & Devel Ctr, Coast & Hydr Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Univ Delaware, Ctr Appl Coast Res, Oc Engrg Lab, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Melby, JA (reprint author), USAE, Engrg Res & Devel Ctr, Coast & Hydr Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA SN 0733-950X J9 J WATERW PORT C-ASCE JI J. Waterw. Port Coast. Ocean Eng.-ASCE PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 126 IS 5 BP 270 EP 272 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-950X(2000)126:5(270) PG 3 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 347BZ UT WOS:000088908300008 ER PT J AU Morales, W Handschuh, RF AF Morales, W Handschuh, RF TI A preliminary study on the vapor/mist phase lubrication of a spur gearbox SO LUBRICATION ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 54th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Tribologists-and-Lubrication-Engineers CY MAY 23-27, 1999 CL LAS VEGAS, NEVADA SP Soc Tribologists & Lubricat Engineers DE gears; non-ferrous alloys; vapor lubrication ID FILMS AB Organophosphates have been the primary compounds used in vapor/mist phase lubrication studies involving ferrous bearing material. Experimental results have indicated that the initial formation of an iron phosphate film on a rubbing ferrous surface, followed bf the growth (by cationic diffusion) of a lubricious pyrophosphate-type coating over the iron phosphate, is the reason organophosphates work well as vapor/mist phase lubricants. Recent work, however has shown that this mechanism leads to the depletion of surface iron atoms and to eventual lubrication failure. A new organophosphate formulation was developed which circumvents surface iron depletion. This formulation was tested by generating an iron phosphate coating on an aluminum surface. The new formulation was then used to vapor/mist phase lubricate a spur gear-box in a preliminary study. C1 NASA, Lewis Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NASA, Lewis Res Ctr, Army Res Lab, Vehicle Technol Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Morales, W (reprint author), NASA, Lewis Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC TRIBOLOGISTS & LUBRICATION ENGINEERS PI PARK RIDGE PA 840 BUSSE HIGHWAY, PARK RIDGE, IL 60068 USA SN 0024-7154 J9 LUBR ENG JI Lubric. Eng. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 56 IS 9 BP 14 EP 19 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 352QZ UT WOS:000089230500006 ER PT J AU Eldridge, JPT AF Eldridge, JPT TI Stalking and the military: A proposal to add an anti-stalking provision to article 134, uniform code of military justice SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Article C1 USA, Judge Advocate Gen Corps, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. RP Eldridge, JPT (reprint author), USA, Judge Advocate Gen Corps, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 USA SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 165 BP 116 EP 158 PG 43 WC Law SC Government & Law GA 363MQ UT WOS:000089839700006 ER PT J AU Borch, FL AF Borch, FL TI Vietnam stories: A judge's memoir SO MILITARY LAW REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, Signal Ctr, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. RP Borch, FL (reprint author), USA, Signal Ctr, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERALS SCHOOL PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA US ARMY, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903-1781 USA SN 0026-4040 J9 MIL LAW REV JI Milit. Law Rev. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 165 BP 291 EP 297 PG 7 WC Law SC Government & Law GA 363MQ UT WOS:000089839700010 ER PT J AU Clooman, CC Tenglin, R Butler, F Leitch, RA AF Clooman, CC Tenglin, R Butler, F Leitch, RA TI Six degrees of Kevin Bacon - Al Eskan disease and "Dirty Dust." SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Joint Special Ops Med Training Ctr, Ft Bragg, NC USA. RP Clooman, CC (reprint author), Joint Special Ops Med Training Ctr, Ft Bragg, NC USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 165 IS 9 BP IV EP V PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 355AC UT WOS:000089362600001 PM 11011528 ER PT J AU Henderson, NE Knapik, JJ Shaffer, SW McKenzie, TH Schneider, GM AF Henderson, NE Knapik, JJ Shaffer, SW McKenzie, TH Schneider, GM TI Injuries and injury risk factors among men and women in US Army combat medic advanced individual training SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID INFANTRY SOLDIERS; PHYSICAL-FITNESS; CIGARETTE-SMOKE; YOUNG MEN; EXERCISE AB No previous reports have evaluated injuries or injury risk factors during the advanced individual training (AIT) that follows the Army's initial or basic combat training [BCT], This study examined injuries and injury risk factors among 439 men and 287 women participating in combat medic AIT, A questionnaire addressing demographic and lifestyle characteristics (age, race, tobacco and alcohol use, physical activity, etc.) was administered to all subjects, Stature and body mass were obtained from battalion records. Injuries occurring during both BCT and AIT were transcribed from subject medical records, Results indicated that cumulative injury incidence (subjects with one or more injuries) in BCT was 26% for men and 52% for women (p < 0.01), in consonance with previous investigations. In AIT, injury incidence was 24% for men and 30% for women (p = 0.08). In both BCT and AIT, overuse injuries and lower body injuries accounted for the largest proportions of injuries by diagnosis and anatomical location. Logistic regression revealed that older age (>25 years), split option (a break in service between BCT and AIT), and higher body mass were independent risk factors for AIT injuries among women. None of the examined variables were independent risk factors for AIT injuries among men. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Henderson, NE (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 17 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 165 IS 9 BP 647 EP 652 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 355AC UT WOS:000089362600005 PM 11011532 ER PT J AU Cieslak, TJ Rowe, JR Kortepeter, MG Madsen, JM Newmark, J Christopher, GW Culpepper, RC Eitzen, EM AF Cieslak, TJ Rowe, JR Kortepeter, MG Madsen, JM Newmark, J Christopher, GW Culpepper, RC Eitzen, EM TI A field-expedient algorithmic approach to the clinical management of chemical and biological casualties SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID WARFARE; CARE AB Warriors on the modern battlefield face considerable danger from possible attack with chemical and biological weapons. Aggravating this danger is the fact that medical resources at the lowest echelons of care, already likely to be strained to capacity during modern conventional combat, are at present inadequate to handle large numbers of chemical or biological casualties. Complicating this problem further is the austere nature of diagnostic modalities available at lower echelons, With this in mind, and given the urgency required to adequately manage chemical and biological casualties, it is likely that such casualties will initially require significant empiric care in the absence of a definitive diagnosis, Such care under field conditions, often rendered by relatively inexperienced medical personnel, might best be provided using an algorithmic approach. We have developed such an algorithm. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Operat Med Div, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Cieslak, TJ (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Operat Med Div, 1425 Porter St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 10 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 165 IS 9 BP 659 EP 662 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 355AC UT WOS:000089362600008 PM 11011535 ER PT J AU Somiari, S Glasspool-Malone, J Drabick, JJ Gilbert, RA Heller, R Jaroszeski, MJ Malone, RW AF Somiari, S Glasspool-Malone, J Drabick, JJ Gilbert, RA Heller, R Jaroszeski, MJ Malone, RW TI Theory and in vivo application of electroporative gene delivery SO MOLECULAR THERAPY LA English DT Review ID IMMUNOSTIMULATORY DNA-SEQUENCES; HIGH-EFFICIENCY TRANSFORMATION; RAT-HEART INVIVO; IN-VIVO; PLASMID DNA; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; DIRECT-INJECTION; ELECTRIC-FIELDS; AURINTRICARBOXYLIC ACID; KETOROLAC TROMETHAMINE AB Efficient and safe methods for delivering exogenous genetic material into tissues must be developed before the clinical potential of gene therapy will be realized. Recently, in vivo electroporation has emerged as a leading technology for developing nonviral gene therapies and nucleic acid vaccines (NAV). Electroporation (EP) involves the application of pulsed electric fields to cells to enhance cell permeability, resulting in exogenous polynucleotide transit across the cytoplasmic membrane. Similar pulsed electrical field treatments are employed in a wide range of biotechnological processes including in vitro EP, hybridoma production, development of transgenic animals, and clinical electrochemotherapy. Electroporative gene delivery studies benefit from well-developed literature that may be used to guide experimental design and interpretation. Both theory and experimental analysis predict that the critical parameters governing EP efficacy include cell size and field strength, duration, frequency, and total number of applied pulses. These parameters must be optimized for each tissue in order to maximize gene delivery white minimizing irreversible cell damage. By providing an overview of the theory and practice of electroporative gene transfer, this review intends to aid researchers that wish to employ the method for preclinical and translational gene therapy, NAV, and functional genomic research. C1 USUHS, Dept Surg, CBCP, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Hematol Oncol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Univ S Florida, Ctr Mol Delivery, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. RP Malone, RW (reprint author), USUHS, Dept Surg, CBCP, 1530 E Jefferson St, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. RI Heller, Richard/I-6605-2012 FU NCRR NIH HHS [R01RR12307]; NIAID NIH HHS [K02AI01370] NR 90 TC 220 Z9 228 U1 2 U2 17 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1525-0016 J9 MOL THER JI Mol. Ther. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 2 IS 3 BP 178 EP 187 DI 10.1006/mthe.2000.0124 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 367EK UT WOS:000090048600002 PM 10985947 ER PT J AU Thrasher, JB Deeths, J Bennett, C Iyer, P Dineen, MK Zhai, SP Figg, WD McLeod, DG AF Thrasher, JB Deeths, J Bennett, C Iyer, P Dineen, MK Zhai, SP Figg, WD McLeod, DG TI Comparative study of the clinical efficacy of two dosing regimens of flutamide SO MOLECULAR UROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Neoadjuvant Hormonal Therapy for Prostate Cancer CY MAR 17-18, 2000 CL CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS AB Purpose: We performed a randomized trial to compare the efficacy and toxicity of a new dose of flutamide (500 mg QD) with the currently recommended dose (250 mg q8h) in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer, The primary endpoints were percent of patients having normalization of prostate specific antigen (PSA), time to normalization, and percent change from baseline. Secondary endpoints were quality of life and toxicity. Patients: Altogether, 440 men aged 46 to 94 years (mean 71 years) with confirmed stage M-1 disease, documented PSA rise >0.2 ng/mL, ECOG status 0 to 2, Ilo second neoplasm, no liver function tests greater than or equal to 1.5-fold normal values, and no previous treatment for metastatic disease were entered in the trial. Results: The PSA normalized by week 12 in 71% of the patients receiving 500-mg dose and 75% of those receiving the standard dose. The percent change in PSA was 89% and 96%, respectively. The treatment groups were not significantly different with respect to the incidence of adverse events: 71% v 68% in the 500-mg and 250-mg arms, respectively (P = 0.337), Conclusions: When combined with castration, 500 mg of flutamide appears to be equally effective in lowering serum PSA and is not significantly more toxic than conventional dosing, The use of 500 mg QD instead of the standard 250 mg q8h would result in a cost savings of 30%. C1 Univ Kansas, Med Ctr, Urol Sect, Kansas City, KS 66160 USA. Nebraska Clin Res Ctr, Omaha, NE USA. Northwestern Univ, Div Hematol Oncol, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Long Beach VA Med Ctr, Sect Haematol Oncol, Long Beach, CA USA. Atlantic Urol Assoc, Daytona Beach, FL USA. NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Thrasher, JB (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Med Ctr, Urol Sect, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS 66160 USA. RI Figg Sr, William/M-2411-2016 NR 3 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1091-5362 J9 MOL UROL JI Mol. Urol. PD FAL PY 2000 VL 4 IS 3 BP 259 EP 263 PG 5 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 364UY UT WOS:000089912400040 PM 11062382 ER PT J AU Moul, JW AF Moul, JW TI Hormonal therapy options for biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer after local therapy SO MOLECULAR UROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Neoadjuvant Hormonal Therapy for Prostate Cancer CY MAR 17-18, 2000 CL CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS ID INTERMITTENT ANDROGEN SUPPRESSION; FINASTERIDE PLUS FLUTAMIDE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS; RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY; DOUBLE-BLIND; COMBINATION FINASTERIDE; BILATERAL ORCHIECTOMY; CLINICAL-EXPERIENCE; ENDOCRINE THERAPY; PART 1 AB Recurrence after local prostate cancer treatment detectable only by a rise in serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) is a very common problem facing clinicians, Given that the majority of these men are relatively young and otherwise healthy, treatment of PSA-only recurrence requires approaches that not only improve survival but also preserve quality of life. For radical prostatectomy patients, a PSA-only recurrence is broadly defined as persistent or rising PSA in the postoperative period. For radiation-treated patients, the 1997 American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology guidelines specify three consecutive elevations of PSA after the post-treatment nadir PSA is achieved. Traditional hormonal therapy is the mainstay of systemic treatment for PSA-only recurrence, although nontraditional approaches such as intermittent and oral-only hormonal therapy are under study. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Ctr Prostate Dis Res, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Serv Urol, Washington, DC USA. RP Moul, JW (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Ctr Prostate Dis Res, 1530 E Jefferson St, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. NR 53 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1091-5362 J9 MOL UROL JI Mol. Urol. PD FAL PY 2000 VL 4 IS 3 BP 267 EP 271 PG 5 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 364UY UT WOS:000089912400042 PM 11062383 ER PT J AU Carey, ME Herz, M Corner, B McEntire, J Malabarba, D Paquette, S Sampson, JB AF Carey, ME Herz, M Corner, B McEntire, J Malabarba, D Paquette, S Sampson, JB TI Ballistic helmets and aspects of their design SO NEUROSURGERY LA English DT Article DE ballistic helmets; head protection; helmet design AB THE HEAD REPRESENTS approximately 9% of the body area exposed in combat yet receives approximately 20% of all "hits." The desirability of protecting this vital structure would appear self-evident. Helmet design is a complex issue. Factors that designers of United States Army helmets thoughtfully consider include weight, ballistic qualities of the construction material, balance, helmet-to-person interface (comfort), maintenance of vision and hearing, equipment and weapon compatibility, ease of modification, available materials and manufacturing techniques, durability, ease of decontamination, disposability, and cost. The envisioned future role of the infantryman will make the interplay among these factors even more daunting. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Neurosurg, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. Natick Soldier Ctr, Natick, MA USA. USA, Aeromed Res Lab, Ft Rucker, AL USA. RP Carey, ME (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Neurosurg, 1542 Tulane Ave, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. NR 8 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 10 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-396X J9 NEUROSURGERY JI Neurosurgery PD SEP PY 2000 VL 47 IS 3 BP 678 EP 688 DI 10.1097/00006123-200009000-00031 PG 11 WC Clinical Neurology; Surgery SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Surgery GA 349GJ UT WOS:000089037100068 PM 10981756 ER PT J AU Driggers, RG Vollmerhausen, RH Krapels, K AF Driggers, RG Vollmerhausen, RH Krapels, K TI Target identification performance as a function of low spatial frequency image content SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE target identification; imager performance; spatial frequency AB Current imaging system performance models use either the minimum resolvable temperature difference or the minimum resolvable contrast concepts to predict target identification performance. Both of these performance functions describe the limiting frequency that can be viewed through the imaging system at a particular contrast. No credit is given to the system for the amount of low frequency (lower than the limiting frequency) information that is passed through the system. We determine whether the low spatial frequency information is important in the target identification task. Previous experiments show that no degradation is seen on character recognition if a high-pass, edge enhancing filter is applied to character images. This is not the case in target identification performance, where the targets of interest are military tanks. A number of filters (six levels of blur at four bandwidth configurations) are applied to tank imagery including high-pass filters to reduce the low frequency image content. A perception experiment is performed to determine whether target identification performance was degraded with a reduced amount of low spatial frequency image content. The probability of target identification is calculated from the observer responses and the identification performance is evaluated as a function of low spatial frequency image content. Low frequency information is shown to contribute to the overall system performance. (C) 2000 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. [S0091-3286(00)01909-7]. C1 USA, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Driggers, RG (reprint author), USA, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, 10221 Burbeck Rd, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 39 IS 9 BP 2458 EP 2462 DI 10.1117/1.1288362 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 352KF UT WOS:000089213800020 ER PT J AU Genovese, RE Newman, DB Brewer, TG AF Genovese, RE Newman, DB Brewer, TG TI Behavioral and neural toxicity of the artemisinin antimalarial, arteether, but not artesunate and artelinate, in rats SO PHARMACOLOGY BIOCHEMISTRY AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE antimalarial; artemisinin; neurotoxicity; behavior; safety assessment; rats ID ACUTE FALCIPARUM-MALARIA; PHARMACOKINETICS; ARTEMETHER; NEUROTOXICITY; DERIVATIVES; ACID; DIHYDROARTEMISININ; SUPPOSITORIES; PHARMACOLOGY; QINGHAOSU AB Three artemisinin antimalarials, arteether (AE), artesunate (AS), and artelinate (AL) were evaluated in rats using an auditory discrimination task (ADT) and neurohistology. After rats were trained on the ADT, equimolar doses of AE (25 mg/kg, in sesame oil, n = 6), AS (31 mg/kg, in sodium carbonate, n = 6), and AL (36 mg/kg, in saline, n = 6), or vehicle (sodium carbonate, n = 6) were administered (WI) for 7 consecutive days. Behavioral performance was evaluated, during daily sessions, before, during, and after administration. Histological evaluation of the brains was performed using thionine staining, and damaged cells were counted in specific brainstem nuclei of all rats. Behavioral performance was not significantly affected in any rats treated with AS, AL, or vehicle. Furthermore, histological examination of the brains of rats treated with AS, AL, and vehicle did not show damage. In stark contrast, all rats treated with AE showed a progressive and severe decline in performance on the ADT. The deficit was characterized by decreases in accuracy, increases in response time and, eventually, response suppression. When performance on the ADT was suppressed, rats also showed gross behavioral signs of toxicity that included tremor, gait disturbances, and lethargy. Subsequent histological assessment of AE-treated rats revealed marked damage in the brainstem nuclei, ruber, superior olive, trapezoideus, and inferior vestibular. The damage included chromatolysis, necrosis, and gliosis. These results demonstrate distinct differences in the ability of artemisinins to produce neurotoxicity. Further research is needed to uncover pharmacokinetic and metabolic differences in artemisinins that may predict neurotoxic potential. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Neurosci, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Anat & Cell Biol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Armed Forces Inst Med Sci, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. RP Genovese, RE (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Neurosci, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 30 TC 51 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0091-3057 J9 PHARMACOL BIOCHEM BE JI Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 67 IS 1 BP 37 EP 44 DI 10.1016/S0091-3057(00)00309-9 PG 8 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 382FC UT WOS:000165811500006 PM 11113482 ER PT J AU Cozza, KL Swanton, EJ Humphreys, CW AF Cozza, KL Swanton, EJ Humphreys, CW TI Hepatotoxicity with combination of valproic acid, ritonavir, and nevirapine: A case report SO PSYCHOSOMATICS LA English DT Letter ID L-CARNITINE SUPPLEMENTATION C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Cozza, KL (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 5 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC PRESS, INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1400 K ST, N W, STE 1101, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3182 J9 PSYCHOSOMATICS JI Psychosomatics PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 41 IS 5 BP 452 EP 453 DI 10.1176/appi.psy.41.5.452 PG 2 WC Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychiatry; Psychology GA 349CD UT WOS:000089025500019 PM 11015639 ER PT J AU Cieslak, TJ AF Cieslak, TJ TI Anthrax: The investigation of a deadly outbreak SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Book Review ID SVERDLOVSK C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Med Operat Div, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Cieslak, TJ (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Med Operat Div, 1425 Porter St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 115 IS 5 BP 483 EP 485 DI 10.1093/phr/115.5.483 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 398XB UT WOS:000166780800024 ER PT J AU Lane, MJ Katz, DS AF Lane, MJ Katz, DS TI Nonenhanced CT for suspected appendicitis - Dr Lane and colleagues respond SO RADIOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID HELICAL CT; UNENHANCED CT; EXPERIENCE; DIAGNOSIS C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Lane, MJ (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU RADIOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PI EASTON PA 20TH AND NORTHAMPTON STS, EASTON, PA 18042 USA SN 0033-8419 J9 RADIOLOGY JI Radiology PD SEP PY 2000 VL 216 IS 3 BP 917 EP 918 PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 348BT UT WOS:000088964900048 ER PT J AU Weiss, BM Hepburn, MJ Mong, DP AF Weiss, BM Hepburn, MJ Mong, DP TI Subacute thyroiditis manifesting as fever of unknown origin SO SOUTHERN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID HYPERTHYROIDISM; THYROTOXICOSIS; FEATURES AB Subacute thyroiditis (SAT) usually occurs in women in middle age with a viral prodrome, thyroid or neck tenderness, classic symptoms of thyrotoxicosis, and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), We report a case in an 81-year-old man who initially had 2 days of fever to 101.2 degrees F, confusion, and bilateral lower extremity weakness, Extensive evaluation was remarkable only for the following laboratory values: thyrotropin (TSH) 0.02 mu IU/mL, free thyroxine (FT4) 3.1 ng/dL, free triiodothyronine (FT3) 6.0 pg/mL, and ESR 98 mm/hr. One week later, the patient had persistent fevers to 102 degrees F; no source was found. The fever resolved, and 3 months later the patient had profound hypothyroidism (TSH >44.0 mu IU/mL, FT4, 0.4; ng/dL, ESR 13 mm/hr), A painless thyroid gland and atypical manifestations of hyperthyroidism are unusual in SAT. When fever is of unknown origin, SAT should be considered even if classic features are absent. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, MCHE MD, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Weiss, BM (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, MCHE MD, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 17 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHERN MEDICAL ASSN PI BIRMINGHAM PA 35 LAKESHORE DR PO BOX 190088, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35219 USA SN 0038-4348 J9 SOUTHERN MED J JI South.Med.J. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 93 IS 9 BP 926 EP 929 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 353LC UT WOS:000089274800020 PM 11005359 ER PT J AU Petrikovics, I Cheng, TC Papahadjopoulos, D Hong, K Yin, R DeFrank, JJ Jaing, J Song, ZH McGuinn, WD Sylvester, D Pei, L Madec, J Tamulinas, C Jaszbetenyi, JC Barcza, T Way, JL AF Petrikovics, I Cheng, TC Papahadjopoulos, D Hong, K Yin, R DeFrank, JJ Jaing, J Song, ZH McGuinn, WD Sylvester, D Pei, L Madec, J Tamulinas, C Jaszbetenyi, JC Barcza, T Way, JL TI Long ciuculating liposomes encapsulating organophosphorus acid anhydrolase in diisopropylfluorophosphate antagonism SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE phosphotriesterase; OPA anhydrase; OPAA; DFP antagonism; sterically stabilized liposomes; OP hydrolase (OPH); organophosphorus antagonism; stealth Liposomes; long circulating; liposomes ID STERICALLY STABILIZED LIPOSOMES; MOUSE ERYTHROCYTES; CARRIER ERYTHROCYTES; HYDROLYZING ENZYME; PHOSPHOTRIESTERASE; PURIFICATION; PESTICIDE; RHODANESE; PARAOXON AB These studies are focused on antagonizing organophosphorous (OP) intoxications by a new conceptual approach using recombinant enzymes encapsulated wit-hin sterically stabilized liposomes to enhance diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) degradation. The OP hydrolyzing enzyme, organophosphorous acid anhydrolase (OPAA), encapsulated within the liposomes, was employed either alone or in combination with pralidoxime (2-PAM) and/or atropine. The recombinant OPAA enzyme, from the Alteromonas strain JD6, has high substrate specificity toward a wide range of OP compounds, e.g., DFP, soman, and sarin. The rate of DFP hydrolysis by liposomes containing OPAA (SL)* was measured by determining the changes in fluoride-ion concentration using a fluoride ion-selective electrode. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the OP-metabolizing enzyme (OPAA), resulting in an enhanced antidotal protection against the lethal effects of DFP. Free OPAA alone showed some antidotal protection; however, the protection with 2-PAM and/or atropine was greatly enhanced when combined with (SL)*. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Coll Med, Dept Med Pharmacol & Toxicol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USA, Chem & Biol Def Agcy, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Calif Inst Med Res, Liposomal Res Lab, San Francisco, CA 94115 USA. Tech Univ Budapest, Hungarian Acad Sci, Dept Organ Chem Technol, Res Grp, H-1521 Budapest, Hungary. RP Way, JL (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Coll Med, Dept Med Pharmacol & Toxicol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 32 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 57 IS 1 BP 16 EP 21 DI 10.1093/toxsci/57.1.16 PG 6 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 377BU UT WOS:000165492700004 PM 10966507 ER PT J AU Brockman, A Price, RN van Vugt, M Heppner, DG Walsh, D Sookto, P Wimonwattrawatee, T Looareesuwan, S White, NJ Nosten, F AF Brockman, A Price, RN van Vugt, M Heppner, DG Walsh, D Sookto, P Wimonwattrawatee, T Looareesuwan, S White, NJ Nosten, F TI Plasmodium falciparum antimalarial drug susceptibility on the north-western border of Thailand during five years of extensive use of artesunate-mefloquine SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE malaria; Plasmodium falciparum; drug resistance; dihydroartemisinin; artesunate; artemether; atovaquone; lumefantrine; chloroquine; quinine; mefloquine; halofantrine; Thailand ID IN-VITRO SUSCEPTIBILITY; ARTEMISININ DERIVATIVES; MALARIA; RESISTANCE; QUININE; HALOFANTRINE; TETRACYCLINE; COMBINATION; EFFICACY AB Following a marked decline in the efficacy in vivo of mefloquine between 1990 and 1994, a combination of artesunate (4 mg/kg/d for 3 d) and mefloquine (25 mg/kg) has been used as first line treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in camps for displaced persons located along the north-western border of Thailand. Antimalarial drug susceptibility of fresh isolates of Plasmodium falciparum from this population was evaluated using a radioisotope microdilution assay between 1995 and 1999. In total, 268 isolates were collected, of which 189 were from primary infections and 79 from recrudescent infections. The geometric mean 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) values from primary infections were: dihydroartemisinin 1(.)2 ng/mL, artesunate 1(.)6 ng/mL, artemether 4(.)8 ng/mL, atovaquone 0(.)4 ng/mL, lumefantrine 32 ng/ml, chloroquine 149 ng/mL, quinine 354 ng/mL, mefloquine 27 ng/mL and halofantrine 4(.)1 ng/mL. A significant positive correlation was found between the susceptibility in vitro to artesunate and quinine (r = 0.43, P < 0(.)001), mefloquine (r = 0(.)46, P < 0(.)001), and halofantrine (r = 0(.)51, P < 0(.)001). These levels of resistance in vitro are among the highest reported and confirm continuing high level multidrug resistance in this area. Despite intensive use of thr combination between 1995 and 1999 there has been a significant improvement in mefloquine sensitivity (P < 0(.)001) and artesunate sensitivity (P < 0(.)001). This supports observations in vivo that the combination of artesunate and mefloquine has reversed the previous decline in mefloquine sensitivity. C1 Shoklo Malaria Res Unit, Mae Sot 63110, Tak, Thailand. Mahidol Univ, Fac Trop Med, Bangkok, Thailand. John Radcliffe Hosp, Nuffield Dept Clin Med, Ctr Trop Dis, Oxford OX3 9DU, England. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Immunol & Med, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis Trop Med & AIDS, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Nosten, F (reprint author), Shoklo Malaria Res Unit, POB 46, Mae Sot 63110, Tak, Thailand. RI White, Nicholas/I-4629-2012; OI Price, Richard/0000-0003-2000-2874; Nosten, Francois/0000-0002-7951-0745 FU Wellcome Trust [074637] NR 27 TC 140 Z9 145 U1 1 U2 10 PU ROYAL SOC TROPICAL MEDICINE PI LONDON PA MANSON HOUSE 26 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON W1N 1EY, ENGLAND SN 0035-9203 J9 T ROY SOC TROP MED H JI Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 94 IS 5 BP 537 EP 544 DI 10.1016/S0035-9203(00)90080-4 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 379YD UT WOS:000165670000018 PM 11132385 ER PT J AU Kozik, CA Vaughn, DW Snitbhan, R Innis, BL AF Kozik, CA Vaughn, DW Snitbhan, R Innis, BL TI Hepatitis B virus infection in Thai children SO TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE hepatitis B virus; carrier; incidence; prevalence; risk factors; Thailand; transmission ID VIRAL-HEPATITIS; TRANSMISSION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PREVALENCE; RISK; AGE AB We studied hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission among 7416 Thai children from 145 schools in Kamphaeng Phet province, a rural part of northern Thailand. Their age ranged from 2 to 16 years (median 9 years). Between May 1991 and June 1992, 61 of 2593 (2.4%) in the cohort of susceptible children acquired anti-HBc immunoglobulin. Ferry-seven of the 148 schools had children who acquired anti-HBc. School seroconversion rates to anti-HBc varied from 0% to 23%. There was no correlation between percent of carriers in schools and percent of anti-HBc acquisition. Of the 61 children who acquired anti-HBc, eight (13%) became HBsAg carriers but only two were symptomatic, for a clinical to subclinical infection ration of 1 : 30. One of the two symptomatic children became an HBsAg carrier. Three (38%) of the eight who were persistently antigenemic developed antibody to hepatitis B virus e antigen. Males were 2.5 times (95% CI 1.4-4.3) more likely to acquire anti-HBc than females. Risk factors for acquisition of HBc in Thailand over a 9-month period were examined in a subset of 2412 susceptible children and later in a case-control study of 22 children who acquired anti-HBc and 59 age and sex-matched controls. Risks for acquiring anti-HBc were male gender and a history of bleeding gums. In comparing this study to an earlier pilot study among 9848 children from the same area in Thailand, the yearly antibody acquisition rate to anti-HBc among Thai children dropped from 5.7% in 1989 to 2.4% in 1992. A random sample of children in the pilot study showed that 16% were HBsAg positive and 27% had anti-HBc at the beginning of the study 34% had markers for either anti-HBc or HBsAg. 12% were repeatedly positive for HBsAg a year later. C1 Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Virol, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. RP Vaughn, DW (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Virus Dis, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1360-2276 J9 TROP MED INT HEALTH JI Trop. Med. Int. Health PD SEP PY 2000 VL 5 IS 9 BP 633 EP 639 DI 10.1046/j.1365-3156.2000.00618.x PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 363CV UT WOS:000089818000007 PM 11044278 ER PT J AU Yashina, LN Patrushev, NA Ivanov, LI Slonova, RA Mishin, VP Kompanez, GG Zdanovskaya, NI Kuzina, II Safronov, PF Chizhikov, VE Schmaljohn, C Netesov, SV AF Yashina, LN Patrushev, NA Ivanov, LI Slonova, RA Mishin, VP Kompanez, GG Zdanovskaya, NI Kuzina, II Safronov, PF Chizhikov, VE Schmaljohn, C Netesov, SV TI Genetic diversity of hantaviruses associated with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in the far east of Russia SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome; Hantaan virus; Seoul virus; Amur virus; PCR ID FAMILY BUNYAVIRIDAE; DOBRAVA-HANTAVIRUS; APODEMUS-AGRARIUS; VIRUS; USSR; SEROTYPES; SEQUENCES; EVOLUTION; STRAINS; RODENTS AB To identify the hantaviruses causing hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in the Far East of Russia, blood samples collected from HERS patients in 1994-1998, were examined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. In addition, 36 sera were tested by an immunofluorescence assay for antibodies against Hantaan,; Seoul, Puumala, and Khabarovsk viruses, and 54 samples were tested by plaque reduction neutralization test. With both serological assays, the highest antibody titers were to Hantaan and/or Seoul viruses. Of 110 blood samples 36 were found RT-PCR positive. Phylogenetic analysis the sequences of a 256-nucleotide (nt) fragment of the hantavirus M genome segment revealed at least 3 genetically distinct hantavirus lineages. Nucleotide sequence comparison showed that two of the lineages, designated as FE and Amur (AMR), differed from one another by 15.9-21.2% and from Hantaan virus by 9.8-17.5%. The third lineage, VDV, differed from Seoul virus by 2.6-5.1%. All S segment sequences were from FE lineage, and differed from Hantaan virus by 10.7-12.6%. Thirty of the 36 (83%) analyzed sequences were found to be the FE genotype, which is very similar to that of Hantaan virus, strain 76-118. Of the remaining hantaviruses, 11% were the AMR genotype, and 6% the VDV genotype, which are genetically novel genotypes of Hantaan or Seoul viruses, respectively. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. State Res Ctr Virol & Biotechnol Vector Koltsovo, Koltsovo 633159, Novosibirsk Reg, Russia. Khabarovsk Antiplaque Stn, Khabarovsk 680031, Russia. Inst Epidemiol & Microbiol, Vladivostok 960028, Russia. RP Schmaljohn, C (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RI Netesov, Sergey/A-3751-2013 OI Netesov, Sergey/0000-0002-7786-2464 NR 35 TC 28 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 70 IS 1-2 BP 31 EP 44 DI 10.1016/S0168-1702(00)00203-3 PG 14 WC Virology SC Virology GA 373BL UT WOS:000165268500004 PM 11074123 ER PT J AU Buskirk, ER Iampietro, PF Bass, DE AF Buskirk, ER Iampietro, PF Bass, DE TI Work performance after dehydration: Effects of physical conditioning and heat acclimatization (Reprinted from J Appl Physiol, vol 12, pg 189-194, 1957) SO WILDERNESS & ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Reprint AB Three groups of five men each were dehydrated overnight in the heat (115 degreesF) on two occasions (D-1 and D-2) to approximately 5.5% of their starting body weight. During the 3-week period between D-1 and D-2, one group (AC) was acclimatized to heat and physically conditioned, the second group (C) was physically conditioned and the third group (S) remained sedentary. The response to work after dehydration was assessed by the following criteria: pulse rate (P), rectal temperature (T-r) and maximal oxygen intake (Max. (V) over dot O-2). Pulse rates during and after walking and after running were elevated with dehydration. This elevation was reduced in groups AC and C at D-2 as compared to D-1, but not in group S. An elevation in T-r with walking also occurred with dehydration, but this elevation was not significantly different at D-2 as compared with D-1 in any group. Physical conditioning elicited an elevation in Max. (V) over dot O-2 (group AC and C), but the elevation was no greater in group AC than in group C. Dehydration was associated with an equal decrement in Max. (V) over dot O-2 at D-1 and D-2 in all groups, but the conditioned men (AC and C) maintained a relatively higher Max. (V) over dot O-2 than group S. Thus, physical conditioning was associated with enhanced work performance during dehydration (assessed by the above criteria), whereas acclimatization to heat did not appreciably supplement this effect. C1 USA, Quartermaster Res & Engn Command, Environm Protect Res Div, Physiol Branch, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Buskirk, ER (reprint author), USA, Quartermaster Res & Engn Command, Environm Protect Res Div, Physiol Branch, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILDERNESS MEDICAL SOC PI COLORADO SPRINGS PA 3595 E FOUNTAIN BLVD, STE A1, COLORADO SPRINGS, CO 80910 USA SN 1080-6032 J9 WILD ENVIRON MED JI Wildern. Environ. Med. PD FAL PY 2000 VL 11 IS 3 BP 204 EP 208 DI 10.1580/1080-6032(2000)011[0204:WPADEO]2.3.CO;2 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Sport Sciences GA 365RB UT WOS:000089963300014 PM 11055570 ER PT J AU Howe, MB AF Howe, MB TI Improving child care and promoting accreditation: The military model SO YOUNG CHILDREN LA English DT Article C1 USA, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Howe, MB (reprint author), USA, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL ASSOC EDUC YOUNG CHILDREN PI WASHINGTON PA 1509 16TH ST., N.W., WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1426 USA SN 0044-0728 J9 YOUNG CHILDREN JI Young Child. PD SEP PY 2000 VL 55 IS 5 BP 61 EP 63 PG 3 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA 350PT UT WOS:000089110900016 ER PT J AU Crenshaw, ME Bowden, CM AF Crenshaw, ME Bowden, CM TI Effects of local fields on spontaneous emission in dielectric media SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INTRINSIC OPTICAL BISTABILITY; ELECTROMAGNETIC-FIELD; ABSORBING DIELECTRICS; 2-LEVEL ATOMS; QUANTIZATION; DERIVATION AB The local-field renormalization of the spontaneous emission rate in a dielectric is explicitly obtained from a fully microscopic quantum-electrodynamical, many-body derivation of Langevin-Bloch operator equations for two-level atoms embedded in an absorptive and dispersive, linear dielectric host. We find that the dielectric local-field enhancement of the spontaneous emission rate is smaller than indicated by previous studies. C1 USA, Aviat & Missile Command, Weapons Sci Directorate,AMSAMRDWSST, Aviat & Missile Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP USA, Aviat & Missile Command, Weapons Sci Directorate,AMSAMRDWSST, Aviat & Missile Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 24 TC 67 Z9 70 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 28 PY 2000 VL 85 IS 9 BP 1851 EP 1854 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.85.1851 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 348BW UT WOS:000088965300018 ER PT J AU Opsenica, D Pocsfalvi, G Juranic, Z Tinant, B Declercq, JP Kyle, DE Milhous, WK Solaja, BA AF Opsenica, D Pocsfalvi, G Juranic, Z Tinant, B Declercq, JP Kyle, DE Milhous, WK Solaja, BA TI Cholic acid derivatives as 1,2,4,5-tetraoxane carriers: Structure and antimalarial and antiproliferative activity SO JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID QINGHAOSU ARTEMISININ; ANALOGS; INVITRO; DRUG; DISPIRO-1,2,4,5-TETRAOXANES; 1,2,4,5,7-PENTOXOCANES; RESISTANCE; PEROXIDES; MALARIA AB Cholic acid-derived 1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes were synthesized in order to explore the influence of steroid carrier on its antimalarial and antiproliferative activity in vitro. Starting with chiral ketones, cis and trans series of diastereomeric tetraoxanes were obtained, and the cis series was found to be similar to 2 times as active as the trans against Plasmodium falciparum DG and W2 clones. The same tendency was observed against human melanoma (Fem-X) and human cervix carcinoma (HeLa) cell lines. The amide C(24) termini, for the first time introduced into the carrier molecule of a tetraoxane pharmacophore, significantly enhanced both antimalarial and antiproliferative activity, as compared to the corresponding methyl esters, with cis-bis(N-propylamide) being most efficient against the chloroquine-susceptible D6 clone (IC50 = 9.29 nM). cis- and trans-bis(N-propylamides) were also screened against PBMC, and PRA-stimulated PBMC, showing a cytotoxicity/antimalarial potency ratio of 1/10 000. C1 Univ Belgrade, Fac Chem, YU-11001 Belgrade, Yugoslavia. Inst Chem Technol & Met, YU-11000 Belgrade, Yugoslavia. CNR, Ctr Int Serv Spettrometria Massa, I-80125 Naples, Italy. Natl Canc Res Inst, Belgrade, Yugoslavia. Catholic Univ Louvain, Chim Phys & Cristallog Lab, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Solaja, BA (reprint author), Univ Belgrade, Fac Chem, Studentski Trg 16,POB 158, YU-11001 Belgrade, Yugoslavia. RI Pocsfalvi, Gabriella/K-3753-2013; Pocsfalvi, Gabriella/C-4948-2015; OI Pocsfalvi, Gabriella/0000-0001-6065-3853; Solaja, Bogdan/0000-0002-9975-2725 NR 48 TC 95 Z9 96 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-2623 J9 J MED CHEM JI J. Med. Chem. PD AUG 24 PY 2000 VL 43 IS 17 BP 3274 EP 3282 DI 10.1021/jm000952f PG 9 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 349BJ UT WOS:000089023700010 PM 10966746 ER PT J AU Wiebach, W AF Wiebach, W TI Crafting a noncomplex circuit SO ELECTRONIC DESIGN LA English DT Letter C1 USA, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Wiebach, W (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PENTON MEDIA, INC PI CLEVELAND PA 1100 SUPERIOR AVE, CLEVELAND, OH 44114-2543 USA SN 0013-4872 J9 ELECTRON DES JI Electron. Des. PD AUG 21 PY 2000 VL 48 IS 17 BP 56 EP 56 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 347ZT UT WOS:000088959700016 ER PT J AU Ashley, PR Lindsay, GA Herman, WN Cites, JS AF Ashley, PR Lindsay, GA Herman, WN Cites, JS TI Optical waveguides and modulators based on low-loss index-tunable EO polymers. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Aviat & Missile Command, Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 166-PMSE BP U353 EP U353 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XV UT WOS:000166091302031 ER PT J AU Bergen, BJ Nelson, WG Mackay, J Dickerson, D AF Bergen, BJ Nelson, WG Mackay, J Dickerson, D TI Environmental monitoring of remedial dredging at the New Bedford Harbor, Mass, superfund site. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, N Atlantic Div New England Dist, Washington, DC USA. US EPA, Reg 1, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 140-ENVR BP U338 EP U338 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XU UT WOS:000166091201762 ER PT J AU Butkus, MA Labare, MP Bays, JT Bowman, DD AF Butkus, MA Labare, MP Bays, JT Bowman, DD TI Influence of purification and storage on the surface characteristics of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Geog & Environm Engn, W Point, NY 10996 USA. US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Immunol & Microbiol, New York, NY 10021 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 163-COLL BP U250 EP U250 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XU UT WOS:000166091201299 ER PT J AU Crawford, D Tan, NB Sloan, J Napadensky, EG Mountz, D Mauritz, KA Laverdure, K Samuel, G Liu, WD Hsiao, BS AF Crawford, D Tan, NB Sloan, J Napadensky, EG Mountz, D Mauritz, KA Laverdure, K Samuel, G Liu, WD Hsiao, BS TI Morphology of novel tri-block copolymer for membrane applications. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Ballist Res Lab, Polymers Res Branch AMSRLWMMA, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. Univ So Mississippi, Dept Polymer Sci, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Polymer Sci & Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 305-PMSE BP U374 EP U374 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XV UT WOS:000166091302170 ER PT J AU Edgar, J Chaka, AM Wang, XG Scheffler, M Barr, D AF Edgar, J Chaka, AM Wang, XG Scheffler, M Barr, D TI Effect of the environment on alpha-M2O3 (0001) surface structures. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Lubrizol Int Labs, Div Res, Belper DE56 4AN, England. Lubrizol Corp, Div Res, Wickliffe, OH USA. Ctr Res & Dev, Delphi, IN USA. Max Planck Gesell, Fritz Haber Inst, Abt Theor, Berlin, Germany. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 218-PHYS BP U187 EP U187 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XV UT WOS:000166091301036 ER PT J AU Famini, GR Wilson, LY Rodriquez, R Aguiar, D Payne, MA AF Famini, GR Wilson, LY Rodriquez, R Aguiar, D Payne, MA TI Using theoretical descriptors for correlating biochemical properties. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Int Liaison Off, US Army Soldier Biol & Chem Command, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 20100 USA. La Sierra Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Riverside, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 7-COMP BP U278 EP U278 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XU UT WOS:000166091201458 ER PT J AU Fell, NF Pellegrino, PM Gillespie, JB AF Fell, NF Pellegrino, PM Gillespie, JB TI High sensitivity detection of bacterial endospores. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US Army Res Lab, Opt Branch, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. US Army Res Lab, Opt Branch, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 75-ANYL BP U90 EP U90 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XU UT WOS:000166091200402 ER PT J AU Ghosh, U Luthy, RG Talley, JW Tucker, S Furey, JS AF Ghosh, U Luthy, RG Talley, JW Tucker, S Furey, JS TI Kinetics and thermodynamics of PAH desorption processes from sediment particles. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Terman Engn Ctr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. USAE, Waterways Expt Stn, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 61-ENVR BP U325 EP U325 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XU UT WOS:000166091201683 ER PT J AU Guan, J Gerena, L Kyle, DE Milhous, WK Lin, AJ AF Guan, J Gerena, L Kyle, DE Milhous, WK Lin, AJ TI Design, synthesis, and evaluation of novel phenothiazine derivatives as modulators in chloroquine resistance malaria. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Silver Spring, MD 20906 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 93-MEDI BP U553 EP U553 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XU UT WOS:000166091203001 ER PT J AU Hobson, ST Nohe, TL AF Hobson, ST Nohe, TL TI Synthesis of oximes as antidotes to organophosphorus poisoning. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Drug Assessment Div, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 199-MEDI BP U572 EP U572 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XU UT WOS:000166091203107 ER PT J AU Hsu, FL Bossle, PC AF Hsu, FL Bossle, PC TI High performance liquid chromatography of 5-amino-1,3,2-dithiarsenane derivatives using photodiode-array and particle beam MS detection. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Edgewood Chem & Biol Ctr, AMSSB, RRT & TC, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 74-ANYL BP U90 EP U90 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XU UT WOS:000166091200401 ER PT J AU Hurley, MM Chabalowski, CF Lushington, GH Sorescu, D AF Hurley, MM Chabalowski, CF Lushington, GH Sorescu, D TI Gun tube erosion: Theoretical studies. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 MSRC, Ohio Supercomp Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21001 USA. US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Ohio Supercomp Ctr, Columbus, OH USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Chem, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 53-COMP BP U284 EP U284 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XU UT WOS:000166091201504 ER PT J AU Luthy, RG Ghosh, U Gillette, JS Zare, RN Talley, JW Tucker, S AF Luthy, RG Ghosh, U Gillette, JS Zare, RN Talley, JW Tucker, S TI Microscale PAH location ano association with organic matter and effects on biotreatment and bioaccumulation. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Terman Engn Ctr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. USAE Waterways Expt Stn, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 133-ENVR BP U337 EP U337 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XU UT WOS:000166091201755 ER PT J AU Ma, JY Ziffer, H Kyle, DE AF Ma, JY Ziffer, H Kyle, DE TI Synthesis and antimalarial activities of 10-substituted deoxoartemisinin. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIH, NIDDK, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 92-MEDI BP U553 EP U553 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XU UT WOS:000166091203000 ER PT J AU Munavalli, S Longo, FR Rohrbaugh, RK Szafraniec, LL Pleva, S Wagner, GW Durst, HD AF Munavalli, S Longo, FR Rohrbaugh, RK Szafraniec, LL Pleva, S Wagner, GW Durst, HD TI Unusual hydroboration of 2-methylheptene with 9-BBN. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Geocenters Inc, Gunpowder Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. USA, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 87-ORGN BP U46 EP U46 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XV UT WOS:000166091300253 ER PT J AU Munavalli, S Rohrbaugh, RK Wagner, GW Durst, HD Longo, FR AF Munavalli, S Rohrbaugh, RK Wagner, GW Durst, HD Longo, FR TI Unusual methylene insertion reactions. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Geocenters Inc, Gunpowder Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. USA, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 88-ORGN BP U46 EP U46 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XV UT WOS:000166091300254 ER PT J AU Munavalli, S Rohrbaugh, RK Wagner, GW AF Munavalli, S Rohrbaugh, RK Wagner, GW TI Reaction of trifluoromethylsulfenyl chloride with norbornene SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Geocenters Inc, Gunpowder Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. USA, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 86-ORGN BP U46 EP U46 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XV UT WOS:000166091300252 ER PT J AU Napadensky, EG Sloan, JM Tan, NB Crawford, DM Mountz, DA Mauritz, KA AF Napadensky, EG Sloan, JM Tan, NB Crawford, DM Mountz, DA Mauritz, KA TI Diffusion of alcohols through sulfonated PS/PIB/PS block co-polymers using FTIR-ATR. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Polymers Res Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21009 USA. USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Dir, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. Univ So Mississippi, Dept Polymer Sci, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 194-PMSE BP U357 EP U357 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XV UT WOS:000166091302059 ER PT J AU Olin-Estes, TJ Bailey, SE Brannon, JM AF Olin-Estes, TJ Bailey, SE Brannon, JM TI Contaminant distributions over particle size and density fractions in sediments: Lab scale separation procedures, a closer look at the "fines", and validity of conventional screening analytes. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CEWES EE A, Environm Lab, ERDC, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 107-ENVR BP U332 EP U332 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XU UT WOS:000166091201729 ER PT J AU Peterson, JC Reutter, DJ Hoffland, LD AF Peterson, JC Reutter, DJ Hoffland, LD TI Analytical approaches to screening and identifying chemical warfare agents and degradation products in soil, water, and organic liquid. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Battelle Edgewood Operat, Edgewood Chem & Biol Forens Analyt Ctr, Bel Air, MD 21015 USA. USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Edgewood Chem & Biol Forens Analyt Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 121-NUCL BP U20 EP U20 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XV UT WOS:000166091300121 ER PT J AU Procell, LR Wagner, GW Yang, YC Bunton, CA AF Procell, LR Wagner, GW Yang, YC Bunton, CA TI Molybdate/peroxide oxidation of mustard in microemulsions. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Ctr Chem Res Dev & Engn, Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 176-COLL BP U252 EP U252 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XU UT WOS:000166091201312 ER PT J AU Somerville-Armstrong, KS Hosmane, RS Macdonald, V AF Somerville-Armstrong, KS Hosmane, RS Macdonald, V TI Artificial blood based on cell-free hemoglobin: Synthesis and properties of a novel crosslinking reagent, bis[2-(3-carboxyphenoxy)carbonylethyl]phosphinic acid (m-BCCEP). SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Chem, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 185-ORGN BP U61 EP U61 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XV UT WOS:000166091300351 ER PT J AU Trevino, SF AF Trevino, SF TI Methyl group rotations in solid nitromethane. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. USA, Res Lab, Polymer Res Branch, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 116-NUCL BP U19 EP U20 PN 2 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XV UT WOS:000166091300116 ER PT J AU Udovic, TJ Trevino, SF Young, SK Crawford, MK Sun, Q AF Udovic, TJ Trevino, SF Young, SK Crawford, MK Sun, Q TI Characterization of the interactions of Nafion membranes and water using neutron scattering techniques. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. USA, Res Lab, Polymer Res Branch, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EI Du Pont Nemours & Co, Wilmington, DE USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 315-COLL BP U274 EP U274 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XU UT WOS:000166091201449 ER PT J AU Vairagoundar, R Kalahasthi, PRC Ved, HS Doctor, BP Kozikowski, AP AF Vairagoundar, R Kalahasthi, PRC Ved, HS Doctor, BP Kozikowski, AP TI Synthesis, separation, and biological evaluation of the enantiomers of 10,10-dimethylhuperzine A. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Biochem, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 201-MEDI BP U572 EP U572 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XU UT WOS:000166091203109 ER PT J AU Walsh, ME Jenkins, TF Hewitt, AD Ranney, TA AF Walsh, ME Jenkins, TF Hewitt, AD Ranney, TA TI Determination of explosives by gas chromatography. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Div Geol Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 149-ANYL BP U100 EP U100 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XU UT WOS:000166091200476 ER PT J AU Wensing, MW Darby, SM Peterson, JC Height, JJ Hoffland, LD Reutter, DJ AF Wensing, MW Darby, SM Peterson, JC Height, JJ Hoffland, LD Reutter, DJ TI Determination of chemical warfare degradation products and toxins by mass spectrometric techniques. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Edgewood Chem & Biol Forens Analyt Ctr, Bel Air, MD 21015 USA. SBCCOM, Edgewood Chem & Biol Forens Analyt Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. USA, Edgewood Chem & Biol Forens Analyt Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 122-NUCL BP U20 EP U21 PN 2 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XV UT WOS:000166091300122 ER PT J AU Wu, PC Liu, W Balasubramanian, S Kumar, J Samuelson, L Tripathy, SK AF Wu, PC Liu, W Balasubramanian, S Kumar, J Samuelson, L Tripathy, SK TI Enzymatic synthesis of poly(4-hydroxystilbene): A new class of luminescent material. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Lowell, Dept Chem, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Ctr Adv Mat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. USA, Soldier & Biol Chem Command, Mat Sci Team, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. Univ Massachusetts, Ctr Adv Mat, Dept Chem, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 269-POLY BP U295 EP U295 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XV UT WOS:000166091301668 ER PT J AU Young, SK Trevino, SF Tan, NCB AF Young, SK Trevino, SF Tan, NCB TI Morphological investigation of dry and solvent swollen Nafion (R). SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Res Lab, Polymers Res Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 95-PHYS BP U169 EP U169 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XV UT WOS:000166091300913 ER PT J AU Young, SK Trevino, SF Tan, NB Paul, R AF Young, SK Trevino, SF Tan, NB Paul, R TI Utilization of prompt gamma neutron activation analysis in the evaluation of various counterion Nafion (TM) membranes. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Ballist Res Lab, Polymers Res Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 220 MA 134-NUCL BP U22 EP U22 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 386XV UT WOS:000166091300134 ER PT J AU Ligon, DA Gillespie, JB Pellegrino, P AF Ligon, DA Gillespie, JB Pellegrino, P TI Aerosol properties from spectral extinction and backscatter estimated by an inverse Monte Carlo method SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID MICROPHYSICAL PARTICLE PARAMETERS; LIGHT-SCATTERING DATA; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; COLLOIDAL PARTICLES; LIDAR DATA; REGULARIZATION AB The feasibility of using a generalized stochastic inversion methodology to estimate aerosol size distributions accurately by use of spectral extinction, backscatter data, or both is examined. The stochastic method used, inverse Monte Carlo (IMC), is verified with both simulated and experimental data from aerosols composed of spherical dielectrics with a known refractive index. Various levels of noise are superimposed on the data such that the effect of noise on the stability and results of inversion can be determined. Computational results show that the application of the IMC technique to inversion of spectral extinction or backscatter data or both can produce good estimates of aerosol size distributions. Specifically, for inversions for which both spectral extinction and backscatter data are used, the IMC technique was extremely accurate in determining particle size distributions well outside the wavelength range. Also, the IMC inversion results proved to be stable and accurate even when the data had significant noise, with a signal-to-noise ratio of 3. (C) 2000 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: 290.0290, 010.0010, 290.3200, 280.1100. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Ligon, DA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM dligon@arl.mil; jgillesp@arl.mil; ppellegr@arl.mil NR 15 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD AUG 20 PY 2000 VL 39 IS 24 BP 4402 EP 4410 DI 10.1364/AO.39.004402 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 345UM UT WOS:000088833600030 PM 18350029 ER PT J AU Tortella, FC Lin, Y Ved, H Slusher, BS Dave, JR AF Tortella, FC Lin, Y Ved, H Slusher, BS Dave, JR TI Neuroprotection produced by the NAALADase inhibitor 2-PMPA in rat cerebellar neurons SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE NAALADase inhibition (N-acetylated-alpha-linked-acidic dipeptidase); stroke; neuroprotection; (rat) ID LINKED ACIDIC DIPEPTIDASE; N-ACETYLASPARTYLGLUTAMATE; GLUTAMATE; BRAIN; NAAG AB The present study examined the neuroprotective actions of the N-acetylated-alpha-linked-acidic dipeptidase (NAALADase) inhibitor 2-(phosphonomethyl)pentanedioic acid (2-PMPA) in four in vitro models of neurotoxicity. Using neuron-enriched primary cultures derived from rat embryo (E15) cerebellum, 2-PMPA afforded 100% neuroprotection from injuries induced by hypoxia (EC50 = 8.4 mu M) In contrast, against glutamate or N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) injury, 2-PMPA was less potent and its efficacy Limited to a maximum of 46% and 16%, respectively. 2-PMPA was not effective against veratridine-induced injury. Also, the less potent analog of 2-PMPA, 2-[phosphonomethyl]succinic acid (2-PMSA), was ineffective. Unlike 2-PMPA, the endogenous NAALADase substrate and mGlu(3) receptor agonist N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate (NAAG) was neuroprotective against all four injury mechanisms and compared to 2-PMPA, exhibited a different "phosphate effect" on neuroprotection. These results confirm the superior efficacy of 2-PMPA to protect against injury caused by cellular anoxia, and are discussed relative to upstream modulation of hyperglutamatergic activity vs. downstream modulation of metabotropic receptors as possible targets for ischemia/stroke therapy. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Neurosci, Dept Neuropharmacol & Mol Biol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Biochem, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Guilford Pharmaceut, Dept Res, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. RP Tortella, FC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Neurosci, Dept Neuropharmacol & Mol Biol, Bldg 503,Robert Grant Ave,Forest Glen Annex, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 17 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2999 J9 EUR J PHARMACOL JI Eur. J. Pharmacol. PD AUG 18 PY 2000 VL 402 IS 1-2 BP 31 EP 37 DI 10.1016/S0014-2999(00)00519-7 PG 7 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 347GV UT WOS:000088920600004 PM 10940354 ER PT J AU Lei, SL Palazzolo, A Na, U Kascak, A AF Lei, SL Palazzolo, A Na, U Kascak, A TI Non-linear fuzzy logic control for forced large motions of spinning shafts SO JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC BEARING AB A unique control approach is developed for prescribed large motion control using magnetic bearings in a proposed active stall control test rig. A finite element based, flexible shaft is modeled in a closed loop system with PD controllers that generate the control signals to support and to shake the rotor shaft. A linearized force model of the stall rig with 16 magnetic poles (4 opposing C-cores) yields stability and frequency responses. The non-linear model retains the non-linearities in Ampere's law, Faraday's law and the Maxwell stress tensor. A fuzzy logic control system is then designed to show the advantages over the conventional controllers with the fully non-linear model. (C) 2000 Academic Press. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mech Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NASA, Lewis Res Ctr, USA, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Lei, SL (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mech Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-460X J9 J SOUND VIB JI J. Sound Vibr. PD AUG 17 PY 2000 VL 235 IS 3 BP 435 EP 449 DI 10.1006/jsvi.2000.2937 PG 15 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 346PX UT WOS:000088881200005 ER PT J AU Epperley, TD Moore, KE Harrover, JD AF Epperley, TD Moore, KE Harrover, JD TI Polymyalgia rheumatica and temporal arteritis SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Article ID GIANT-CELL ARTERITIS; ETIDRONATE; MANAGEMENT; DIAGNOSIS; CRITERIA AB Polymyalgia rheumatica and temporal arteritis are closely related inflammatory conditions that affect different cellular targets in genetically predisposed persons. Compared with temporal arteritis, polymyalgia rheumatica is much more common, affecting one in 200 persons older than 50 years. Temporal arteritis, however, is more dangerous and can lead to sudden blindness. The diagnosis of polymyalgia rheumatica is based on the presence of a clinical syndrome consisting of fever, nonspecific somatic complaints, pain and stiffness in the shoulder and pelvic girdles, and an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Temporal arteritis typically presents with many of the same findings as polymyalgia rheumatica, but patients also have headaches and tenderness to palpation over the involved artery. Arterial biopsy usually confirms the diagnosis of temporal arteritis. Early diagnosis and treatment of polymyalgia rheumatica or temporal arteritis can dramatically improve patients' lives and return them to previous functional status. Corticosteroid therapy provides rapid and dramatic improvement of the clinical features of both conditions. Therapy is generally continued for six to 24 months. Throughout treatment, clinical condition is assessed periodically. Patients are instructed to see their physician immediately if symptoms recur or they develop new headache, jaw claudication or visual problems. C1 USA, Dept Family & Community Med, Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. RP Epperley, TD (reprint author), USA, Dept Family & Community Med, Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. NR 22 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 USA SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD AUG 15 PY 2000 VL 62 IS 4 BP 789 EP 796 PG 8 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 347PQ UT WOS:000088938700010 PM 10969858 ER PT J AU Bedwell, DW Rivera, VR Merrill, GA Pusateri, AE AF Bedwell, DW Rivera, VR Merrill, GA Pusateri, AE TI Elimination of matrix-based interferences to a fluorescent nitrite/nitrate assay by a simple filtration procedure SO ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID NITRITE; NITRATE AB Pathophysiological levels of oxygen radical metabolites have been studied as indicators of trauma caused by burn insult. The 2,3-diaminonaphthalene assay is routinely used in the determination of nitrite/nitrate levels in biological fluids and cellular extracts as one indicator of nitric oxide activity. Several laboratories, including ours, have noted matrix-based interferences resulting in decreased assay sensitivity during nitrite/ nitrate analysis. We evaluated filtration using Millipore Ultrafree-MC 10,000 NMWL filters for the ability to eliminate matrix-based interferences from human serum and tissue culture medium, thereby restoring assay sensitivity. (C) 2000 Academic Press. C1 USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Rivera, VR (reprint author), USA, Res Inst Infect Dis, Toxinol Div, 1425 Porter St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM victor.rivera@det.amedd.army.mil NR 12 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0003-2697 EI 1096-0309 J9 ANAL BIOCHEM JI Anal. Biochem. PD AUG 15 PY 2000 VL 284 IS 1 BP 1 EP 5 DI 10.1006/abio.2000.4683 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 347VA UT WOS:000088948800001 PM 10933848 ER PT J AU Kerns, J Hsieh, A Hiltner, A Baer, E AF Kerns, J Hsieh, A Hiltner, A Baer, E TI Comparison of irreversible deformation and yielding in microlayers of polycarbonate with poly(methylmethacrylate) and poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE irreversible deformation; yielding; microlayers; polycarbonate; poly(methylmethacrylate); poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) ID LOW-DENSITY POLYETHYLENE; POLY(METHYL METHACRYLATE); MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; INTERFACIAL ADHESION; FAILURE MECHANISMS; BLENDS; COMPOSITES; PC/SAN; POLYMERS; POLY(STYRENE-ACRYLONITRILE) AB Microlayers of polycarbonate (PC) with poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) or poly(styrene-co;acrylonitrile) (SAN) were processed with varying layer thicknesses. Adhesion between PC and PMMA was found to be an order of magnitude higher than between PC and SAN, as determined with the T-peel method. To probe the effect of the adhesion difference on yielding and deformation of PC/PMMA and PC/SAN microlayers, the macroscopic stress-strain behavior was examined as a function of layer thickness and strain rate, and the results were interpreted in terms of the microdeformation behavior. During yielding, crazes in thick SAN layers opened up into cracks; however, PC layers drew easily because local delamination relieved constraint at the PC/SAN interface. Adhesion of PC/PMMA was too strong for delamination at the interface when PMMA crazes opened up into cracks at low strain rates. Instead, PMMA cracks tore into neighboring PC layers and initiated fracture. At higher strain rates, good adhesion produced yielding of thick PMMA layers, a phenomenon not observed with thick SAN layers. The change in microdeformation mechanism of PMMA with increasing strain rate produced a transition in the yield stress of PC/PMMA microlayers. Microlayers of both PC/SAN and PC/PMMA with thinner layers (individual layers 0.3-0.6 mu m thick) exhibited improved ballistic performance compared to microlayers with thicker layers (individual layers 10-20 mu m thick), which was due to cooperative yielding of both components. (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Macromol Sci & Engn, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Ctr Appl Polymer Res, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Hiltner, A (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Macromol Sci & Engn, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. NR 30 TC 48 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 19 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD AUG 15 PY 2000 VL 77 IS 7 BP 1545 EP 1557 DI 10.1002/1097-4628(20000815)77:7<1545::AID-APP16>3.0.CO;2-G PG 13 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 324MX UT WOS:000087626900016 ER PT J AU Pushko, P Bray, M Ludwig, GV Parker, M Schmaljohn, A Sanchez, A Jahrling, PB Smith, JF AF Pushko, P Bray, M Ludwig, GV Parker, M Schmaljohn, A Sanchez, A Jahrling, PB Smith, JF TI Recombinant RNA replicons derived from attenuated Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus protect guinea pigs and mice from Ebola hemorrhagic fever virus SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE alphavirus; replicon; Ebola ID SEMLIKI-FOREST-VIRUS; SINDBIS VIRUS; EXPRESSION VECTORS; GENE-EXPRESSION; MESSENGER-RNA; MARBURG VIRUS; IN-VIVO; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; DNA VACCINES; IMMUNIZATION AB RNA replicons derived from an attenuated strain of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEE), an alphavirus, were configured as candidate vaccines for Ebola hemorrhagic fever. The Ebola nucleoprotein (NP) or glycoprotein (GP) genes were introduced into the VEE RNA downstream from the VEE 26S promoter in place of the VEE structural protein genes. The resulting recombinant replicons, expressing the NP or GP genes, were packaged into VEE replicon particles(NP-VRP and GP-VRP, respectively) using a bipartite helper system that provided the VEE structural proteins in trans and prevented the regeneration of replication-competent VEE during packaging. The immunogenicity of NP-VRP and GP-VRP and their ability to protect against lethal Ebola infection were evaluated in BALB/c mice and in two strains of guinea pigs. The GP-VRP alone, or in combination with NP-VRP, protected both strains of guinea pigs and BALB/c mice, while immunization with NP-VRP alone protected BALB/c mice, but neither strain of guinea pig. Passive transfer of sera from VRP-immunized animals did not confer protection against lethal challenge. However, the complete protection achieved with active immunization with VRP, as well as the unique characteristics of the VEE replicon vector, warrant further testing of the safety and efficacy of NP-VRP and GP-VRP in primates as candidate vaccines against Ebola hemorrhagic fever. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Smith, JF (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM Jonathan.Smith@amedd.army.mil NR 48 TC 116 Z9 131 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD AUG 15 PY 2000 VL 19 IS 1 BP 142 EP 153 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(00)00113-4 PG 12 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 351GR UT WOS:000089149900018 PM 10924796 ER PT J AU Pletnev, AG Karganova, GG Dzhivanyan, TI Lashkevich, VA Bray, M AF Pletnev, AG Karganova, GG Dzhivanyan, TI Lashkevich, VA Bray, M TI Chimeric Langat/Dengue viruses protect mice from heterologous challenge with the highly virulent strains of tick-borne encephalitis virus SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID DENGUE TYPE-4 VIRUSES; SEQUENCE AB Langat virus (LGT), a tick-borne flavivirus, is naturally attenuated for humans but it is very virulent in SCID mice. In contrast, viable recombinant chimeras of LGT (preM and E genes) and dengue type 4 virus (all other sequences) recovered in mosquito cell culture were completely attenuated in SCID mice but still capable of providing protection against LGT. To develop the chimeras into Vaccine candidates, we adapted them to replicate efficiently in simian Vero cells, a satisfactory substrate for human vaccines. The adapted chimeras remained completely attenuated for SCID mice and, significantly provided protection in immunocompetent mice against tick-borne encephalitis virus, the most virulent of the tick-borne flaviviruses. (C) 2000 Academic Press. C1 NIAID, Infect Dis Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Russian Acad Med Sci, Chumakovs Inst Poliomyelitis & Viral Encephalitis, Moscow 142782, Russia. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Pletnev, AG (reprint author), NIAID, Infect Dis Lab, NIH, Bldg 7,Room 236,7 Ctr Dr,MSC 0740, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RI Karganova, Galina/D-8601-2014 NR 18 TC 26 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD AUG 15 PY 2000 VL 274 IS 1 BP 26 EP 31 DI 10.1006/viro.2000.0426 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA 347YW UT WOS:000088957600005 PM 10936085 ER PT J AU Crawford, DM Escarsega, JA AF Crawford, DM Escarsega, JA TI Dynamic mechanical analysis of novel polyurethane coating for military applications SO THERMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 26th North-American-Thermal-Analysis-Society Conference CY SEP 13-15, 1998 CL CLEVELAND, OHIO DE DMA; water dispersible polyurethane; coating; chemical agent resistance AB Three polyurethane coatings were evaluated using DMA to investigate the relationship between dynamic mechanical properties and durability properties of coated test panels. The current polyurethane solvent-based formulation, used as a chemical agent resistant camouflage top coat on all military tactical vehicles, was investigated along with newly developed water-reducible (WR) polyurethane coatings. The WR coatings offer significantly reduced volatile organic compounds (VOCs) compared to the solvent-based system, and thus represent environmentally compliant coatings. DMA investigations revealed that the two classes of polyurethane coatings exhibit different dynamic mechanical properties, which are attributed to different cross-linking mechanisms involved in film formation. The more uniformly cross-linked solvent-based coating provides the best chemical agent resistance but the poorest mechanical properties. Properties measured using DMA were sensitive to the degree of isocyanate to hydroxyl indexing in the WR formulations as well as the drying time of coatings prior to evaluation. DMA investigations indicated that longer cure times at ambient temperature (6 or more months) may adversely affect the mechanical properties of the solvent-based system and potentially enhance chemical agent resistance of the WR coating. Further studies involving aged coatings are planned. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Crawford, DM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Bldg 4600,Deer Creek Loop, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 13 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-6031 J9 THERMOCHIM ACTA JI Thermochim. Acta PD AUG 14 PY 2000 VL 357 BP 161 EP 168 DI 10.1016/S0040-6031(00)00385-3 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 334RW UT WOS:000088200300023 ER PT J AU Cross, M Currell, DL Marini, M AF Cross, M Currell, DL Marini, M TI A chromatographic study of the reaction sequence and effect of ligand on the reaction of human hemoglobin with negatively charged isothiocyanates: characterization of an intermediate modified only on the amino termini of the alpha chains SO JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE chemical modification; isothiocyanates; oxy and deoxyhemoglobin; HPLC chromatography ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; BINDING SITES; ACID AB A HPLC investigation of the reaction of 4-isothiocyanatobenzoic acid and 4-isothiocyanatobenzenesulfonic acid with oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin was carried out. The initial reaction of aromatic isothiocyanato sulfonates and benzoates with either oxy- or deoxyhemoglobin is with the amino termini of the alpha chains followed by a much slower reaction with the amino termini of the beta chains. Both reactions are much faster with deoxyhemoglobin than with oxyhemoglobin. An intermediate reacted only at the termini of the alpha chains with 4-isothiocyanatobenzoic acid was isolated and purified and its functional properties determined. The intermediate showed a reduced oxygen affinity over a wide pH range and a reduced alkaline Bohr effect in the absence of chloride. The oxygen affinity of the intermediate showed a reduced hut still significant response to chloride. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Inst Res, Div Blood Res, San Francisco, CA 94129 USA. RP Currell, DL (reprint author), 639 Chestnut St, San Francisco, CA 94133 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-022X J9 J BIOCHEM BIOPH METH JI J. Biochem. Biophys. Methods PD AUG 10 PY 2000 VL 45 IS 1 BP 87 EP 98 DI 10.1016/S0165-022X(00)00102-0 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 342ME UT WOS:000088647700007 PM 10899393 ER EF