FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Arcidiacono, S Butler, MA Mello, CM AF Arcidiacono, S Butler, MA Mello, CM TI A rapid selective extraction procedure for the outer membrane protein (OmpF) from Escherichia coli SO PROTEIN EXPRESSION AND PURIFICATION LA English DT Article DE outer membrane protein; porin; OmpF; membrane channels; organic acid extraction ID LARGER PORE-SIZE; FUNCTIONAL-CHARACTERIZATION; PURIFICATION; PORINS AB Porins are essential pore-forming proteins found in the outer membrane of several gram-negative bacteria. Investigating the relationships between molecular structure and function involves an. extremely time-consuming and labor-intensive purification procedure. We report a method for rapid extraction of the outer membrane protein, OmpF, from freeze-dried Escherichia coli cells using valeric acid, alleviating the effort and time in sample preparation. Extraction results in a highly enriched fraction containing OmpF as 76% of the total protein content. The apparent molecular mass determined by SDS-PAGE mobility was 38,900, similar to that of the monomeric form of OmpF. N-terminal sequencing yielded 23 amino acids with 100% identity to the published OmpF sequence. The trimeric form of OmpF was observed in unheated samples run on SDS-PAGE and analysis of these! samples by periodic acid/silver staining revealed the presence of unbound lipopolysaccharides. Furthermore, this method should prove useful for isolating other outer membrane proteins. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 Natick Soldier Ctr, Mat Sci Team, US Army Soldier Biol Chem Command, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Microbiotix Inc, Worcester, MA 01605 USA. RP Mello, CM (reprint author), Natick Soldier Ctr, Mat Sci Team, US Army Soldier Biol Chem Command, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1046-5928 J9 PROTEIN EXPRES PURIF JI Protein Expr. Purif. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 25 IS 1 BP 134 EP 137 DI 10.1006/prep.2002.1619 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 569GG UT WOS:000176592400017 PM 12071708 ER PT J AU von Stackelberg, KE Burmistrov, D Vorhees, DJ Bridges, TS Linkov, I AF von Stackelberg, KE Burmistrov, D Vorhees, DJ Bridges, TS Linkov, I TI Importance of uncertainty and variability to predicted risks from trophic transfer of PCBs in dredged sediments SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE biomagnification; probabilistic risk assessment (PRA); polychlorinated biphenyls; dredged material; trophic transfers; uncertainty and variability ID FUNDULUS-HETEROCLITUS LINNAEUS; HYDROPHOBIC ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; LAKE-ONTARIO; FOOD-WEB; BIOACCUMULATION; REPRODUCTION; CONTAMINANTS; ASSESSMENTS; CONSUMPTION AB Biomagnification of organochlorine and other persistent organic contaminants by higher trophic level organisms represents one of the most significant sources of uncertainty and variability in evaluating potential risks associated with disposal of dredged materials. While it is important to distinguish between population variability (e.g., true population heterogeneity in fish weight, and lipid content) and uncertainty (e.g., measurement error), they can be operationally difficult to define separately in probabilistic estimates of human health and ecological risk. We propose a disaggregation of uncertain and variable parameters based on: (1) availability of supporting data (2) the specific management and regulatory context (in this case, of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers/U.S. Environmental Protection Agency tiered approach to dredged material management); and (3) professional judgment and experience in conducting probabilistic risk assessments. We describe and quantitatively evaluate several sources of uncertainty and variability in estimating risk to human health from trophic transfer of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) using a case study of sediments obtained from the New York-New Jersey Harbor and being evaluated for disposal at an open water off-shore disposal site within the northeast region. The estimates of PCB concentrations in fish and dietary doses of PCBs to humans ingesting fish are expressed as distributions of values, of which the arithmetic mean or mode represents a particular fractile. The distribution of risk values is obtained using a food chain biomagnification model developed by Gobas((1,2)) by specifying distributions for input parameters disaggregated to represent either uncertainty or variability. Only those sources of uncertainty that could be quantified were included in the analysis. Results for several different two-dimensional Latin Hypercube analyses are provided to evaluate the influence of the uncertain versus variable disaggregation of model parameters. The analysis suggests that variability in human exposure parameters is greater than the uncertainty bounds on any particular fractile, given the described assumptions. C1 Menzie Cura & Associates Inc, Chelmsford, MA 01824 USA. USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP von Stackelberg, KE (reprint author), Menzie Cura & Associates Inc, 1 Courthouse Lane,Suite 2, Chelmsford, MA 01824 USA. NR 56 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 22 IS 3 BP 499 EP 512 DI 10.1111/0272-4332.00033 PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 568NE UT WOS:000176547800014 PM 12088229 ER PT J AU Lillycrop, WJ Wozencraft, JM Pope, RW AF Lillycrop, WJ Wozencraft, JM Pope, RW TI Airborne LIDAR hydrography: A vision for tomorrow - Focus on regional seafloor mapping brings out system "virtues": Rapid, econonmical, accurate, especially when enhanced with other sensors SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 USA, Corps Engineers, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Mobile, AL USA. USN, Oceanog Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Operat Div, Mobile, AL USA. RP Lillycrop, WJ (reprint author), USA, Corps Engineers, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Mobile, AL USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBL INC PI ARLINGTON PA SUITE 1000 1117 N 19 ST, ARLINGTON, VA 22209 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 43 IS 6 BP 27 EP + PG 5 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 567CZ UT WOS:000176469000004 ER PT J AU Keith, B Layne, JS Babchuk, N Johnson, K AF Keith, B Layne, JS Babchuk, N Johnson, K TI The context of scientific achievement: Sex status, organizational environments, and the timing of publication on scholarship outcomes SO SOCIAL FORCES LA English DT Article ID PRODUCTIVITY; SCIENCE; SOCIOLOGY; PRESTIGE; CAREER; DEPARTMENTS; GENDER AB Within the sociology of science, there exists a substantial literature showing that males, on average, publish more than females. This literature directs our attention toward organizational contexts and the timing of publication as promising factors bearing on cumulative scholarship outcomes. In this inquiry, based on 2,910 persons who received doctorates in sociology between 1972 and 1976, we isolate the importance of organizational context to explain the emergent and cumulative sex differences in publication outcomes. Our findings reveal that existing scholarship differences between males and females in this cohort occur within the first six years of the doctorate and continue throughout the career as a result of different employment patterns and publication trajectories. Notably, we find support for Robert Merton's contention that context structures the display of individual merit. C1 US Mil Acad, Off Dean MADN AAD, W Point, NY 10996 USA. W Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Keith, B (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Off Dean MADN AAD, Bldg 600,Room 10, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 53 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 14 PU UNIV NORTH CAROLINA PRESS PI CHAPEL HILL PA BOX 2288, JOURNALS DEPT, CHAPEL HILL, NC 27515-2288 USA SN 0037-7732 J9 SOC FORCES JI Soc. Forces PD JUN PY 2002 VL 80 IS 4 BP 1253 EP 1281 DI 10.1353/sof.2002.0029 PG 29 WC Sociology SC Sociology GA 628HY UT WOS:000179988600005 ER PT J AU Chu, D Jiang, RZ AF Chu, D Jiang, RZ TI Novel electrocatalysts for direct methanol fuel cells SO SOLID STATE IONICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Materials for Advanced Technologies (ICMAT2001) CY JUL 01-06, 2001 CL SINGAPORE, SINGAPORE SP Mat Res Soc DE polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell; methanol fuel cell; catalyst; metalloporphyrins; electrode probe scan ID SOLID POLYMER ELECTROLYTE; RUTHENIUM AD-ATOMS; PT-RU ALLOYS; OXYGEN REDUCTION; AREA CARBON; ELECTROOXIDATION; PLATINUM; ENHANCEMENT; OXIDATION; ELECTROREDUCTION AB Methanol-tolerant catalysts were successfully prepared by heat treatment (HT) of a series of single transition metalloporphyrins (V, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn) and combination of two transition metalloporphyrins (V/Fe, Co/Fe, Ni/Fe and Cu/Fe). Performance of oxygen reduction in heat-treated metalloporphyrins was evaluated by means of a rotating disk electrode in acid electrolyte with and without methanol. HT-FeTPP/CoTPP is the best catalyst for oxygen reduction, An oxygen reduction mechanism for the heat-treated binary metalloporphyrins is also proposed. The Pt-Ru alloy with an atomic ratio of 50:50 gives the best performance at higher over-potential and high current regions while an atomic ratio of 65:35 shows the best performance at the low over-potential and low current regions. A high surface area of Pt-Ru-Os anode catalyst is synthesized. A single MEA (membrane electrode assembly) methanol fuel cell performance for ARL's Pt-Ru-Os anode shows a very superior performance when compared to a commercial Pt-Ru anode. (C) Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Chu, D (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 37 TC 138 Z9 153 U1 3 U2 41 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2738 J9 SOLID STATE IONICS JI Solid State Ion. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 148 IS 3-4 BP 591 EP 599 AR PII S0167-2738(02)00124-8 DI 10.1016/S0167-2738(02)00124-8 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 565AK UT WOS:000176345600050 ER PT J AU Jensen, ET AF Jensen, ET TI Computer attacks on critical national infrastructure: A use of force invoking the right of self-defense SO STANFORD JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW LA English DT Article ID LAW; FUTURE C1 USA, Judge Advocate Gen Sch, Int & Operat Law Dept, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. RP Jensen, ET (reprint author), USA, Judge Advocate Gen Sch, Int & Operat Law Dept, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. NR 99 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU STANFORD LAW SCHOOL PI STANFORD PA STANFORD JOURNAL INT LAW, 559 NATHAN ABBOTT WAY, STANFORD, CA 94305-8610 USA SN 0731-5082 J9 STANFORD J INT LAW JI Stanford J. Int. Law PD SUM PY 2002 VL 38 IS 2 BP 207 EP 240 PG 34 WC International Relations; Law SC International Relations; Government & Law GA 567YM UT WOS:000176515000002 ER PT J AU Poli, MA Rivera, VR Neal, D AF Poli, MA Rivera, VR Neal, D TI Development of sensitive colorimetric capture ELISAs for Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin serotypes E and F SO TOXICON LA English DT Article DE Clostridium botulinum; affinity column; toxins ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; A TOXIN; ANTIBODIES AB Sensitive and specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were developed to detect Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin serotypes E (BoNT E) and F (BoNT F) in assay buffer and human serum. The assay is based upon affinity-purified horse polyclonal antibodies directed against the similar to50 kD C-fragments of each toxin. Standard curves were linear over 0.5-10 ng/ml (BoNT E) or 2-20 ng/ml (BoNT F). Accurate measurements were achieved at 0.5 ng/ml (BoNT E) or 2 ng/ml (BoNT F) in assay buffer and 10% human serum, Variation between triplicates was typically 5-10%. Less than 1% cross-reactivity occurred between other serotypes A, B, E or F. When tested against toxins complexed to their neurotoxin-associated proteins, interference was absent for BoNT F. However, pure BoNT E and that complexed to associated proteins demonstrated significant quantitative differences. We believe these differences arise from trypsin activation of the toxin. These assays demonstrated sensitivities close to that of the mouse bioassay, without the use of animals, in a much simpler formal than other reported assays of similar sensitivity. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Toxinol & Aerobiol Div, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Poli, MA (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Toxinol & Aerobiol Div, 1425 Porter St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 13 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0041-0101 J9 TOXICON JI Toxicon PD JUN PY 2002 VL 40 IS 6 BP 797 EP 802 AR PII S0041-0101(01)00288-4 DI 10.1016/S0041-0101(01)00288-4 PG 6 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 555UB UT WOS:000175810700017 PM 12175617 ER PT J AU Hess, JR Hill, HR Oliver, CK Lippert, LE Greenwalt, TJ AF Hess, JR Hill, HR Oliver, CK Lippert, LE Greenwalt, TJ TI Alkaline CPD and the preservation of RBC 2,3-DPG SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Article ID SUCCESSFUL STORAGE; ADDITIVE SOLUTION AB BACKGROUND: Concentrations of 2,3-DPG decline rapidly in the first week of RBC storage because of the low pH of conventional storage solutions. Alkaline additive solutions, which can preserve RBCs for up to 11 weeks, still do not preserve 2,3-DPG because the starting pH is below 7.2. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Alkaline CPD (pH 8.7) was made with trisodium citrate, dextrose, and disodium phosphate. Twelve units of whole blood were collected into heparin and pooled in groups of four units. Each pool was then aliquoted into four units; 63 mL of CPD with pH 5.7, 6.5, 7.5, or 8.7 was added to one unit of each pool, and 300 mL of the alkaline experimental additive solution-76 was added. In Study 2, 12 units were collected into alkaline CPD, pooled in groups of four, aliquoted as described, and stored in four variants of experimental additive solution-76 containing 0, 9, 18, and 27 mM of disodium phosphate. RBC ATP and 2,3-DPG concentrations, intracellular and extracellular pH and phosphate concentrations, hemolysis, and other measures of RBC metabolism and function were measured weekly. RESULTS: RBCs stored in more alkaline conditions made 2,3-DPG, but at the expense of ATP. Concentrations of 2,3-DPG decreased after 2 weeks storage, but ATP concentrations never fully recovered. Providing more phosphate both increased the duration of 2,3-DPG persistence and raised ATP concentrations in the later stages of storage. CONCLUSIONS: Maintaining both 2,3-DPG and ATP requires both high pH and high concentrations of phosphate. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. Univ Cincinnati, Hoxworth Blood Ctr, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Hess, JR (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 18 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD JUN PY 2002 VL 42 IS 6 BP 747 EP 752 DI 10.1046/j.1537-2995.2002.00115.x PG 6 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 568TJ UT WOS:000176559400014 PM 12147028 ER PT J AU Luchs, JS Katz, DS Lane, MJ Mellinger, BC Lumerman, JH Stillman, CA Meiner, EM Perlmutter, S AF Luchs, JS Katz, DS Lane, MJ Mellinger, BC Lumerman, JH Stillman, CA Meiner, EM Perlmutter, S TI Utility of hematuria testing in patients with suspected renal colic: Correlation with unenhanced helical CT results SO UROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACUTE FLANK PAIN; COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; UROLITHIASIS AB Objectives. To determine the utility of hematuria testing in a large series of patients with suspected renal colic using unenhanced helical computed tomography (CT) as the reference standard. Methods. A retrospective review of the CT reports of all patients who underwent unenhanced helical CT for suspected renal colic at one institution during a 3.5-year period and who also underwent a formal microscopic urinalysis within 24 hours of the CT study was conducted. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the presence of any blood on the urinalysis for renal colic were calculated. Results. Urolithiasis was present in 587 (62%) of the 950 patients, and 363 patients had negative examinations for renal colic, including 69 with significant alternative diagnoses in the latter group. Of the urinalyses, 492 were true-positive, 174 were true-negative, 189 were false-positive, and 95 were false-negative, yielding a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 84%, 48%, 72%, and 65%, respectively. Forty-six percent of the urinalysis results were negative for blood in the subset of patients with significant alternative diagnoses. Conclusions. The sensitivity of hematuria on microscopic urinalysis for renal colic using unenhanced CT as the reference standard was 84%, and the specificity and negative predictive value was low. The presence or absence of blood on urinalysis cannot be used to reliably determine which patients actually have ureteral stones. (C) 2002, Elsevier Science Inc. C1 Winthrop Univ Hosp, Dept Radiol, Mineola, NY 11501 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Radiol, Stony Brook, NY USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Winthrop Univ Hosp, Dept Urol, Mineola, NY 11501 USA. N Shore Univ Hosp, Dept Emergency Med, Manhasset, NY USA. RP Katz, DS (reprint author), Winthrop Univ Hosp, Dept Radiol, 259 1st St, Mineola, NY 11501 USA. NR 9 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0090-4295 J9 UROLOGY JI UROLOGY PD JUN PY 2002 VL 59 IS 6 BP 839 EP 842 AR PII S0090-4295(02)01558-3 DI 10.1016/S0090-4295(02)01558-3 PG 4 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 554UG UT WOS:000175755100009 PM 12031364 ER PT J AU Jiang, RZ Chu, D AF Jiang, RZ Chu, D TI A combinatorial approach toward electrochemical analysis SO JOURNAL OF ELECTROANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE combinatorial; electrochemical analysis; fuel cell; methanol oxidation ID FUEL-CELLS; METHANOL; ELECTROLYTE; ELECTROREDUCTION; DISCOVERY AB An electrolyte-probe screening method was proposed for combinatorial electrochemical analysis, which is not only suitable for half-cell but also for full-cell electrochemical research. The accuracy of this method was examined by investigating the electrochemical oxidation of methanol in an electrode array for various methanol I air cells. Reproducible voltage-current curves were obtained for various parallel experiments in the same electrode array. The effects of catalyst loading and methanol concentration on the discharge performance for the methanol I air cells were observed by fast screening the anode electrodes in the array containing different catalyst loadings and various methanol concentrations, respectively. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Jiang, RZ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 12 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0022-0728 J9 J ELECTROANAL CHEM JI J. Electroanal. Chem. PD MAY 31 PY 2002 VL 527 IS 1-2 BP 137 EP 142 AR PII S0022-0728(02)00837-9 DI 10.1016/S0022-0728(02)00837-9 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry GA 579WU UT WOS:000177202100016 ER PT J AU Alving, CR AF Alving, CR TI Design and selection of vaccine adjuvants: animal models and human trials SO VACCINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Aluminum Adjuvants in Vaccines CY MAY 11-12, 2000 CL SAN JUAN, PUERTO RICO DE vaccine adjuvant; animal model; human trial; Freund's adjuvant; oil-in-water emulsions; MF59; liposomes; lipid A; herpes simplex virus type 2 vaccine; malaria vaccine; HIV vaccine; prostate cancer vaccine ID HERPES-SIMPLEX VIRUS; LIPID-A; IMMUNOLOGICAL ADJUVANTS; GUINEA-PIGS; GENITAL HERPES; GLYCOPROTEIN VACCINE; MALARIA VACCINE; LIPOSOMES; INFECTION; DELIVERY AB The availability of hundreds of different adjuvants has prompted a need for identifying rational standards for selection of adjuvant formulations based on safety and sound immunological principles for human vaccines. Although many of the mechanisms of adjuvants have, been elucidated, meaningful comparisons between different adjuvants derived from in vitro studies, or from studies using adjuvants in rodents or other animals, are often not predictive for safety, adjuvant effects, or vaccine efficacy in humans. A highly efficient and cost-effective method for comparison of adjuvants with a new antigen is to conduct multiple small-scale, phase 1, comparative studies in humans with a new antigen, using adjuvants previously found to be safe with other antigens in human trials. Studies in which highly immunogenic and safe adjuvant formulations have been evaluated in comparative adjuvant trials in humans using a single candidate vaccine antigen against malaria, FHV, and prostate cancer with multiple adjuvants are reviewed, Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Membrane Biochem, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Alving, CR (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Membrane Biochem, 530 Robert Grant Ave,Room 2A24, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 69 TC 64 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD MAY 31 PY 2002 VL 20 SU 3 BP S56 EP S64 AR PII S0264-410X(02)00174-3 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(02)00174-3 PG 9 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 568JY UT WOS:000176539700012 PM 12184368 ER PT J AU Pittman, PR AF Pittman, PR TI Aluminum-containing vaccine associated adverse events: role of route of administration and gender SO VACCINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Aluminum Adjuvants in Vaccines CY MAY 11-12, 2000 CL SAN JUAN, PUERTO RICO DE anthrax vaccine, adsorbed; Bacillus anthracis; subcutaneous nodule; gender differences ID ANTHRAX VACCINE AB Anthrax vaccine, adsorbed (AVA) is a vaccine containing aluminum hydroxide that is administered as six subcutaneous (SQ) doses over 18 months. It is the only aluminum hydroxide licensed for SQ administration. To optimize the vaccination schedule and route of administration, a prospective pilot study comparing the use of fewer doses administered intramuscularly (IM) as well as SQ with the licensed schedule and route was performed. Data from that study on injection site reactions were extracted for this report. Erythema and induration occurred more commonly when the vaccine was administered SQ compared to IM (P < 0.0001, P = 0.002, respectively). SQ nodules were found only among the SQ group (P < 0.0001). Erythema, induration and SQ nodules were more common in women compared with men (P < 0,001) after the first SQ dose of AVA dose. Reaction rates decreased when the interval between the first two doses of AVA was increased from 2 to 4 weeks. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Med, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Pittman, PR (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Med, 1425 Porter St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 8 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD MAY 31 PY 2002 VL 20 SU 3 BP S48 EP S50 AR PII S0264-410X(02)00172-X DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(02)00172-X PG 3 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 568JY UT WOS:000176539700010 PM 12184365 ER PT J AU Gorospe, JR Naidu, S Johnson, AB Puri, V Raymond, GV Jenkins, SD Pedersen, RC Lewis, D Knowles, P Fernandez, R De Vivo, D van der Knaap, MS Messing, A Brenner, M Hoffman, EP AF Gorospe, JR Naidu, S Johnson, AB Puri, V Raymond, GV Jenkins, SD Pedersen, RC Lewis, D Knowles, P Fernandez, R De Vivo, D van der Knaap, MS Messing, A Brenner, M Hoffman, EP TI Molecular findings in symptomatic and pre-symptomatic Alexander disease patients SO NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN; MUTATIONS; GENE; GFAP; EXPRESSION; ASTROCYTES; DYSTROPHY; DIAGNOSIS AB Background and Objective: Alexander disease is a slowly progressive CNS disorder that must commonly occurs in children. Until recently, the diagnosis could only be established by the histologic finding of Rosenthal fibers in brain specimens. Mutations in the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) gene have now been shown in a number of biopsy- or autopsy-proven patients with Alexander disease. A prospective study on patients suspected to have Alexander disease was conducted to determine the extent to which clinical and MRI criteria could accurately diagnose affected individuals, using GFAP gene sequencing as the confirmatory assay. Methods: Patients who showed MRI white matter abnormalities consistent with Alexander disease, unremarkable family history, normal karyotype, and normal metabolic screening were included in this study. Genomic DNA from patients was screened for mutations in the entire coding region, including the exon-intron boundaries, of the GFAP gene. Results: Twelve of 13 patients (similar to90%) were found to have mutations in GFAP. Seven of those 12 patients presented in infancy with seizures and megalencephaly. Five were juvenile-onset patients with more variable symptoms. Two patients in the latter group were asymptomatic or minimally affected at the time of their initial MRI scan. The mutations were distributed throughout the gene, and all involved sporadic single amino acid heterozygous changes that changed the charge of the mutant protein. Four of the nine changes were novel mutations. Conclusions: In symptomatic and asymptomatic patients with a predominantly frontal leukoencephalopathy by MRI, GFAP gene mutation analysis should be included in the initial diagnostic evaluation process for Alexander disease. C1 Childrens Hosp, Natl Med Ctr, Res Ctr Genet Med, Washington, DC 20010 USA. Kennedy Kreiger Inst, Baltimore, MD USA. Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Pathol, Bronx, NY USA. Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Neurosci, Bronx, NY USA. Univ Louisville, Dept Neurol & Pediat, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. Childrens Hosp, Dept Neurol, Oakland, CA USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Neurol Serv, Dept Pediat, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Div Neurol, Durham, NC USA. Pediat Neurol Associates, Tampa, FL USA. TC Thompson Childrens Hosp, Chattanooga, TN USA. Pediat Neurol Associates, Tampa, FL USA. Neurol Inst, New York, NY 10032 USA. Free Univ Amsterdam Hosp, Dept Child Neurol, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Wisconsin, Sch Vet Med, Madison, WI USA. Univ Wisconsin, Waisman Ctr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Neurobiol, Birmingham, AL USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Phys Med & Rehabil, Birmingham, AL USA. RP Hoffman, EP (reprint author), Childrens Hosp, Natl Med Ctr, Res Ctr Genet Med, 111 Michigan Ave NW, Washington, DC 20010 USA. FU NINDS NIH HHS [NS22475] NR 24 TC 53 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0028-3878 J9 NEUROLOGY JI Neurology PD MAY 28 PY 2002 VL 58 IS 10 BP 1494 EP 1500 PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 555LC UT WOS:000175794700010 PM 12034785 ER PT J AU Wu, BG Karle, JM Watkins, EB Avery, MA AF Wu, BG Karle, JM Watkins, EB Avery, MA TI Toward the total synthesis of pseudolaric acid B. Preparation of a key intermediate by degradation and its use in the reassembly of the natural product SO TETRAHEDRON LETTERS LA English DT Article ID KAEMPFERI; STRATEGY AB Synthetic studies of pseudolaric acid 13, 2, provided a relay synthesis of pseudolaric acid B (PLAB) via aldehyde 5. The aldehyde 5 can serve: to complete the total synthesis of PLAB; as a precursor for the synthesis of PLAB analogs or as a substrate for the generation of radiolabeled PLAB for mechanistic studies. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Dept Med Chem, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Mississippi, Dept Chem, University, MS 38677 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Med Chem, Div Expt Therapeut, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Avery, MA (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Dept Med Chem, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, POB 1848, University, MS 38677 USA. NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0040-4039 J9 TETRAHEDRON LETT JI Tetrahedron Lett. PD MAY 27 PY 2002 VL 43 IS 22 BP 4095 EP 4098 AR PII S0040-4039(02)00596-8 DI 10.1016/S0040-4039(02)00596-8 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 557ED UT WOS:000175894400032 ER PT J AU Herczegh, P Buxton, TB McPherson, JC Kovacs-Kulyassa, A Brewer, PD Sztaricskai, F Stroebel, GG Plowman, KM Farcasiu, D Hartmann, JF AF Herczegh, P Buxton, TB McPherson, JC Kovacs-Kulyassa, A Brewer, PD Sztaricskai, F Stroebel, GG Plowman, KM Farcasiu, D Hartmann, JF TI Osteoadsorptive bisphosphonate derivatives of fluoroquinolone antibacterials SO JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID AGENTS; OSTEOMYELITIS; OSTEOPOROSIS; ACID) AB Bisphosphonates conjugated to fluoroquinolone antibacterials through an intermediate carbon had better activity than conjugates lacking the carbon. Virtually all molar-based activity of these esterified bisphosphonate derivatives was identical to that of its parent. De-esterified free-acid forms retained good activity against most Gram-negative bacteria, but not against Gram-positives. A free-acid derivative remained bound to washed bone and completely inhibited Staphylococcus aureus growth. The more potent parent, ciprofloxacin, failed to bind significantly, and bacterial growth occurred. C1 ElizaNor Biopharmaceut Inc, Princeton Jct, NJ 08550 USA. Univ Debrecen, Hungarian Acad Sci, Res Grp Antibiot, Debrecen, Hungary. Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Ft Gordon, GA USA. Augusta State Univ, Augusta, GA USA. RP Hartmann, JF (reprint author), ElizaNor Biopharmaceut Inc, 1 Woodmeadow Lane, Princeton Jct, NJ 08550 USA. NR 16 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-2623 J9 J MED CHEM JI J. Med. Chem. PD MAY 23 PY 2002 VL 45 IS 11 BP 2338 EP 2341 DI 10.1021/jm0105326 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 554AY UT WOS:000175711700024 PM 12014972 ER PT J AU Brennan, JK Dong, W AF Brennan, JK Dong, W TI Phase transitions of one-component fluids adsorbed in random porous media: Monte Carlo simulations SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INTEGRAL-EQUATION THEORY; LENNARD-JONES FLUID; MEAN-FIELD-THEORY; SLIT-LIKE PORES; CAPILLARY CONDENSATION; NARROW PORES; ADSORPTION HYSTERESIS; MOLECULAR SIMULATION; CYLINDRICAL PORES; BINARY-LIQUID AB The Gibbs-ensemble Monte Carlo method and the Gibbs-Duhem integration scheme are adapted for the simulation of the phase equilibrium of a one-component fluid confined in random porous media. The validity of these methods in the case of rigid porous samples is established by comparing our results with those obtained previously from a series of adsorption isotherms. It is shown that the Gibbs-ensemble and Gibbs-Duhem integration methods significantly improve the efficiency of the simulation of these systems. Such a gain in efficiency allowed us to carry out a systematic investigation of the influence of several characteristics of disordered porous solids (e.g., porosity, pore size distribution, and solid-fluid interaction) on the phase behavior of the confined fluid. Rich phase behaviors have been observed, e.g., multiple fluid-fluid phase transitions and an extreme sensitivity of phase diagram on the microscopic structure of the porous samples. Efforts were devoted to understanding the origins of such rich behavior by analyzing the simulation results in considerable detail. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Inst Rech Catalyse, CNRS, F-69626 Villeurbanne, France. Ecole Normale Super Lyon, Lab Chim Theor & Mat Hybrides, F-69364 Lyon 07, France. RP Brennan, JK (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Bldg 4600, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 73 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAY 22 PY 2002 VL 116 IS 20 BP 8948 EP 8958 DI 10.1063/1.1469614 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 549EK UT WOS:000175431400030 ER PT J AU Welkos, S Pitt, MLM Martinez, M Friedlander, A Vogel, P Tammariello, R AF Welkos, S Pitt, MLM Martinez, M Friedlander, A Vogel, P Tammariello, R TI Determination of the virulence of the pigmentation-deficient and pigmentation-/plasminogen activator-deficient strains of Yersinia pestis in non-human primate and mouse models of pneumonic plague SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE aerosol; plague; yersinia pestis; primates; pigmentation locus; pla; live vaccine ID RECOMBINANT V-ANTIGEN; INFECTION; MICE; PROTECTION; IMMUNITY; PROTEIN AB The current human plague vaccine, a killed Yersinia pestis whole-cell preparation, does not protect against aerosol challenge and is reactogenic and antigenically undefined. Live attenuated Y. pestis, such as pigmentation-deficient (Pgm(-)) strains, have been used frequently as vaccines and are efficacious. They are used widely in plague research and assumed to be safe. However, they can cause serious adverse reactions, and their aerosol infectivity is not known. We tested the virulence of a defined Pgm(-) variant of the C092 strain of K pestis in mouse and non-human primate models of pneumonic plague. The ten-fold lower median lethal dose by the aerosol compared to the subcutaneous (s.c.) routes of the Pgm(-) strain in mice suggested that the Pgm- strain might be less attenuated by the former than by the latter route. After exposure of 16 African green monkeys to inhaled doses ranging from 1.1 X 10(4) to 8.1 x 10(7) cfu, eight died and eight survived. The terminal cultures collected from five of the non-survivors were all positive for Y. pestis. Two of the remaining three non-survivors were culture-negative but had pathologic and immunologic evidence of infection with Y pestis, specimens could not be obtained nor the cause of death determined for the third one. The deaths were not dose-related, and there were some differences in the pathology associated with infection by the Pgm- strain compared to the wild-type (wt) strain. However, the Pgm(-) derivative was clearly virulent for monkeys by the aerosol route. A mutant of the Pgm- strain, which has a deletion in the plasminogen activator (Pla) virulence locus (pla), appeared to be more attenuated than was either the Pgm- single mutant (in NHPs and mice) or the Pla(-) single mutant strain (in mice) and has potential as a live vaccine. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Bacteriol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Toxinol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Dept Pathol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Welkos, S (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Bacteriol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 35 TC 67 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD MAY 22 PY 2002 VL 20 IS 17-18 BP 2206 EP 2214 AR PII S0264-410X(02)00119-6 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(02)00119-6 PG 9 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 560QK UT WOS:000176092600008 PM 12009274 ER PT J AU Schilling, BW Barr, DN Templeton, GC Mizerka, LJ Trussell, CW AF Schilling, BW Barr, DN Templeton, GC Mizerka, LJ Trussell, CW TI Multiple-return laser radar for three-dimensional imaging through obscurations SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIAL-ABSORPTION LIDAR; CO2 LIDAR; FREQUENCY; SYSTEM AB A compact imaging laser radar was constructed and tested to investigate phenomenological issues in targeting, especially cases involving imaging through obscurations such as foliage and camouflage netting. The laser radar employs a Nd:YAG microchip laser that operates at a wavelength of 1.06 mum and produces pulses of 1.2-ns duration at a 3-kHz rate. The detector is a commercial indium gallium arsenide avalanche photodiode. A single computer controls the scanning mirrors and performs the digitization of the returning signal at 2 giga samples/s. A detailed description of the laser radar is presented as well as results from field experiments that examined its range accuracy capability and its ability to image a target through camouflage. Results of data collected from deciduous tree lines are also discussed to characterize the presence and quantity of multiple returns. (C) 2002 Optical Society of America. C1 USA, Commun & Elect Command Res, Ctr Dev & Engn, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP USA, Commun & Elect Command Res, Ctr Dev & Engn, Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, 10221 Burbeck Rd,Suite 430, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. EM bradley.schilling@nvl.army.mil NR 19 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 12 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD MAY 20 PY 2002 VL 41 IS 15 BP 2791 EP 2799 DI 10.1364/AO.41.002791 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 553VR UT WOS:000175697300009 PM 12027165 ER PT J AU Pan, YL Hill, SC Wolf, JP Holler, S Chang, RK Bottiger, JR AF Pan, YL Hill, SC Wolf, JP Holler, S Chang, RK Bottiger, JR TI Backward-enhanced fluorescence from clusters of microspheres and particles of tryptophan SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTION; ULTRAVIOLET-LASER; SINGLE MOLECULES; SCATTERING; COLLECTION; AEROSOLS; RAMAN; SIZE AB Measured fluorescence from single-particle clusters of dye-doped polystyrene microspheres, dried non-spherical particles of tryptophan, and single polystyrene microspheres is enhanced in the backward direction (180degrees from the incident laser). This enhancement (a factor of 2-3 compared to 90degrees), which can be interpreted as a consequence of the reciprocity principle, increases with the particle refractive index. (C) 2002 Optical Society of America. C1 New Mexico State Univ, Phys Sci Lab, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Univ Lyon 1, Lab Ion & Mol Spectrometry, UMR 5579, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. Yale Univ, Dept Appl Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Yale Univ, Ctr Laser Diagnost, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. USA, SBC Command, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP New Mexico State Univ, Phys Sci Lab, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM richard.chang@yale.edu RI Wolf, Jean-Pierre/B-8315-2012 OI Wolf, Jean-Pierre/0000-0003-3729-958X NR 23 TC 21 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD MAY 20 PY 2002 VL 41 IS 15 BP 2994 EP 2999 DI 10.1364/AO.41.002994 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 553VR UT WOS:000175697300034 PM 12027190 ER PT J AU Wongsrichanalai, C Miller, RS AF Wongsrichanalai, C Miller, RS TI Malaria rapid tests: a public health perspective SO LANCET LA English DT Letter ID DIAGNOSIS C1 Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, USAMC, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. RP Wongsrichanalai, C (reprint author), Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, USAMC, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD MAY 18 PY 2002 VL 359 IS 9319 BP 1781 EP 1781 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)08630-0 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 554MV UT WOS:000175740500048 PM 12049899 ER PT J AU Grujicic, M Cao, G Gersten, B AF Grujicic, M Cao, G Gersten, B TI Optimization of the chemical vapor deposition process for carbon nanotubes fabrication SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE carbon nanotubes; chemical vapor deposition; genetic algorithm ID MATHEMATICAL-MODEL; SCALE ANALYSIS; DIAMOND; GROWTH; CVD; REACTOR; ARRAYS AB A coupled boundary-layer laminar-flow hydrodynamic, heat-transfer, gas-phase chemistry and surface chemistry model is developed to analyze, at the reactor length scale, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of carbon nanotubes from a gas mixture consisting of methane (carbon precursor) and hydrogen (carrier gas) in the presence of cobalt catalytic particles in a cylindrical reactor. The model allows determination of the gas-phase fields for temperature, velocity, and species concentration as well as the surface-species coverages, the carbon nanotubes growth rate and the deposition rate of amorphous carbon. Experimentally determined carbon deposition rates and carbon nanotubes growth rates at different processing conditions are used to validate the model. The model is also coupled with the genetic algorithm to determine the process parameters (the gas temperature and velocity at the reactor inlet. the reactor-wall temperature, the pressure, and the mole fraction of methane in the gas mixture) which maximize the carbon nanotubes yield while minimizing the amount of deposited amorphous carbon. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Program Mat Sci & Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. USA, Res Lab, WMRD AMSRL WM MD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Grujicic, M (reprint author), 241 Engn Innovat Bldg, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM mica.grujicic@ces.clemson.edu NR 35 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD MAY 17 PY 2002 VL 191 IS 1-4 BP 223 EP 239 AR PII S0169-4332(02)00210-6 DI 10.1016/S0169-4332(02)00210-6 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 575VZ UT WOS:000176970300029 ER PT J AU Bayer, M Forchel, A Reinecke, TL Knipp, PA Rudin, S AF Bayer, M Forchel, A Reinecke, TL Knipp, PA Rudin, S TI Confinement of light in microresonators for controlling light-matter interaction SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI A-APPLIED RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ENHANCED SPONTANEOUS EMISSION; SEMICONDUCTOR MICROCAVITIES; PHOTONIC DOTS; QUANTUM DOTS; BAND-STRUCTURE; OPTICAL MODES; COUPLED MICRORESONATORS; WAVE-GUIDES; CAVITY; CRYSTAL AB A detailed control of light-matter interaction can be achieved by placing an optically active medium into a resonator. Here we want to demonstrate some aspects of such a control in semiconductors: In the first part of the article we will discuss the optical modes in microresonators with a three dimensional confinement of light (photonic dots) due to which the density of modes is dominated by sharp, discrete resonances. From optical spectroscopy insight into energies and field distributions of the modes is taken. More complicated confined photon geometries (photonic molecules) are obtained by connecting several photonic dots through narrow channels. The electromagnetic field distributions in these structures bear strong resemblences to bonding and anti-bonding orbitals in molecules. Also a model system of a photonic band gap structure can be created in this way: By increasing the number of coupled resonators in a linear chain the transition from an atomic- to a crystal-like system is obtained. The dependence of the band stucture on the geometry parameters as well as its modification by implementing defects have been studied in detail. In the second part we will then turn to the modification of light-matter interaction in photonic dots. Whereas for studying them, the optical modes were separated far from the electronic excitations, now the two excitations are brought in resonance. Both the regimes of weak and strong coupling are considered: In the strong coupling regime we observe the normal mode splitting of polaritons formed by a quantum well exciton and the several confined modes of photonic dots. The dependence of the Rabi splitting on the involved mode and on the resonator size is discussed. In the weak coupling regime we address the spontaneous emission of quantum dots that are embedded in photonic dots. Both an inhibition and a suppression of the emission could be demonstrated in resonators with a lateral metal coating. C1 Univ Wurzburg, Inst Phys, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Christopher Newport Univ, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Bayer, M (reprint author), Univ Wurzburg, Inst Phys, Hubland, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. OI Forchel, Alfred/0000-0002-9377-9935 NR 55 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 13 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0031-8965 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI A JI Phys. Status Solidi A-Appl. Res. PD MAY 16 PY 2002 VL 191 IS 1 BP 3 EP 32 DI 10.1002/1521-396X(200205)191:1<3::AID-PSSA3>3.0.CO;2-M PG 30 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 558PK UT WOS:000175975600003 ER PT J AU Smith, TC Heller, JM Hooper, TI Gackstetter, GD Gray, GC AF Smith, TC Heller, JM Hooper, TI Gackstetter, GD Gray, GC TI Are Gulf War veterans experiencing illness due to exposure to smoke from Kuwaiti oil well fires? Examination of Department of Defense hospitalization data SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE environmental exposure; hospitalization; inhalation exposure; morbidity; Persian Gulf syndrome; petroleum; smoke; veterans ID POPULATION-BASED SURVEY; SELF-REPORTED SYMPTOMS; BIRTH-DEFECTS; US VETERANS; HEALTH; SERVICE; OPERATIONS; MORTALITY; CHILDREN; STRESS AB There has been much concern among the public and veterans that specific environmental exposures incurred during the Gulf War were the cause of subsequent illness among Gulf War veterans. In this historical cohort study, the authors compared the postwar morbidity of US military personnel exposed to smoke from the 1991 Kuwaiti oil well fires with that of unexposed personnel. Complete exposure and demographic data were available for 405,142 active-duty Gulf War veterans who did not remain in the region after the war. The authors used data from all Department of Defense hospitals for the period August 1, 1991-July 31, 1999 to estimate rates of hospitalization due to any cause, hospitalization due to a diagnosis in one of 15 major categories, and hospitalization due to one of nine diagnoses likely to be manifestations of smoke exposure. Exposures to particulate matter from oil-well-fire smoke were based on the integration of meteorologic data, diffusion modeling, and troop location data. The authors constructed seven exposure groups combining duration and amount of exposure. In Cox modeling, three of the 25 models showed an increased adjusted risk of hospitalization. However, there was no evidence of a dose-response relation. Despite some limitations, these data do not support the hypothesis that Gulf War veterans have an increased risk of postwar morbidity from exposure to Kuwaiti oil-well-fire smoke. C1 US Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. US Army Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Deployment Enviornm Surveillance Program, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Smith, TC (reprint author), US Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Naval Hlth Res Ctr, POB 85122, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 54 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 155 IS 10 BP 908 EP 917 DI 10.1093/aje/155.10.908 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 552PM UT WOS:000175628800005 PM 11994230 ER PT J AU Theodoropoulou, N Hebard, AF Chu, SNG Overberg, ME Abernathy, CR Pearton, SJ Wilson, RG Zavada, JM AF Theodoropoulou, N Hebard, AF Chu, SNG Overberg, ME Abernathy, CR Pearton, SJ Wilson, RG Zavada, JM TI Use of ion implantation to facilitate the discovery and characterization of ferromagnetic semiconductors SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 12-16, 2001 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON ID DILUTED MAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTORS; MAGNETOELECTRONICS; GAN AB The discovery of epitaxially grown ferromagnetic, type III-V semiconductors (Ga,Mn)As (T-c=110 K) and (In,Mn)As (T-c=35 K) holds promise for developing semiconductor electronics that utilize the electron's spin degree of freedom in addition to its charge. It has been theoretically predicted that some semiconducting systems could be ferromagnetic above room temperature, when optimally doped (p-GaN with 5% Mn). We report here on the use of ion implantation to incorporate magnetic ions into a variety of semiconducting substrates, thereby facilitating investigation of the nature of ferromagnetism in semiconducting systems that are difficult to grow with other methods. The magnetic ions, Mn, Fe, and Ni, were implanted into each of the epitaxially grown semiconductors GaN, GaP, and SiC to achieve volume concentrations between 1 and 5 at. %. The implanted samples were subsequently annealed at 700-1000 degreesC to recrystallize the samples and remove implant damage. The implanted samples were examined with both x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy to characterize their microstructure and with superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) to determine magnetic properties. In most cases, no secondary phases were found. The magnetic measurements [hysteresis, coercive fields, and differences between field-cooled (FC) and zero field-cooled (ZFC) magnetizations] indicate ferromagnetism up to room temperature for some samples that could not be attributed to superparamagnetism or any other magnetic phase. Particularly, p-GaP:C with high hole concentration, when doped by implantation with 3 at. % Mn, showed ferromagnetic behavior very close (T-c=250 K) to room temperature. In summary, we found that ferromagnetic behavior is very dependent on the concentration of the magnetic impurities for all samples and it is even more dramatically affected by the type and the concentration of the majority carriers, in qualitative agreement with the theory. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Bell Labs, Lucent Technol, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Stevenson Ranch, San Jose, CA 95131 USA. USA, Res Off, Durham, NC 27709 USA. RP Theodoropoulou, N (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 14 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 10 BP 7499 EP 7501 DI 10.1063/1.1452750 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 551RL UT WOS:000175575100225 ER PT J AU Edelstein, AS Fischer, GA AF Edelstein, AS Fischer, GA TI Minimizing 1/f noise in magnetic sensors using a microelectromechanical system flux concentrator SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 12-16, 2001 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON ID TUNNEL-JUNCTIONS AB A device, a microelectromechanical system flux concentrator, is described that can minimize 1/f noise in magnetic sensors by modulating the magnetic field at the position of the sensor. This has the effect of shifting the operating frequency to higher frequencies where the 1/f noise can be 1 or 2 orders of magnitude smaller. Magnetic and mechanical modeling results on a design that will operate at 29 kHz are presented. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Edelstein, AS (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 8 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 10 BP 7795 EP 7797 DI 10.1063/1.1451901 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 551RL UT WOS:000175575100321 ER PT J AU Blair, PL Witney, A Haynes, JD Moch, JK Carucci, DJ Adams, JH AF Blair, PL Witney, A Haynes, JD Moch, JK Carucci, DJ Adams, JH TI Transcripts of developmentally regulated Plasmodium falciparum genes quantified by real-time RT-PCR SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ERYTHROCYTE-BINDING-PROTEIN; MALARIA PARASITES; RODENT MALARIA; INVASION; MEROZOITES; ANTIGEN; FAMILY; LOCALIZATION; RECEPTOR; MICRONEMES AB Plasmodium falciparum intraerythrocytic development is a complex process. Development proceeds rapidly from the trophozoite phase of nutrient acquisition and growth through to the synthetic and reproductive schizont phase, which ends with production of new invasive merozoites. During this process, the malaria parasite must express a series of different gene products, depending on its metabolic and synthetic needs. We are particularly interested in the development of the merozoite's organelles in the apical complex, which form during the later schizont stages. We have used quantitative real-time RT-PCR fluorogenic 5' nuclease assays (TaqMan(R)) for the first time on malaria parasites for analysis of erythrocytic stage-specific gene expression. We analyzed transcripts of the P.falciparum eba-175 and other erythrocyte binding-like (eb l) family genes in temperature-synchronized parasites and found ebl genes have tightly controlled, stage-specific transcription. As expected, eba-175 transcripts were abundant only at the end of schizont development in a pattern most common among ebl, including baebl, pebl and jesebl. The maebl transcript pattern was unique, peaking at mid-late trophozoite stage, but absent in late-stage schizonts. ebl-1 demonstrated another pattern of expression, which peaked during mid-schizont stage and then significantly diminished in late-stage schizonts. Our analysis demonstrates that using real-time RT-PCR fluorogenic 5' nuclease assays is a sensitive, quantitative method for analysis of Plasmodium transcripts. C1 Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. USN, Malaria Program, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Immunol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Adams, JH (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, POB 369, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RI Adams, John/G-1800-2015 OI Adams, John/0000-0003-3707-7979 FU NIAID NIH HHS [T32 AI0703018, R29/R01 AI33656, R29 AI033656, R01 AI033656, R01 AI033656-07] NR 28 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 30 IS 10 BP 2224 EP 2231 DI 10.1093/nar/30.10.2224 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 551YM UT WOS:000175591600014 PM 12000842 ER PT J AU Glavin, BA Pipa, VI Mitin, VV Stroscio, MA AF Glavin, BA Pipa, VI Mitin, VV Stroscio, MA TI Relaxation of a two-dimensional electron gas in semiconductor thin films at low temperatures: Role of acoustic phonon confinement SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID FREESTANDING QUANTUM-WELL; SCATTERING RATES; THERMAL CONDUCTANCE; MOMENTUM RELAXATION; GAAS HETEROLAYER; WIRES; MOBILITY; NANOSTRUCTURES; SYSTEMS; CARRIERS AB We study the effect of acoustic-phonon confinement on the energy and momentum relaxation of a two-dimensional electron gas in thin films. The interaction via the deformation and piezoelectric potentials with a complete set of phonon modes in films with stress-free and rigid surfaces is taken into account. We demonstrate that in thin films the modification of the phonon properties and screening brings about substantial changes of the electron relaxation rates in comparison to the case of interaction with bulk phonons at low temperatures, where the effective reduction of the phonon spectrum dimensionality takes place. For suspended films, relaxation rates are substantially enhanced: the temperature dependence of the momentum and energy relaxation rates, in films with nonmetallized (metallized) surfaces, is found to be T-7/2 (T-5/2) for both deformation potential and piezoelectric mechanisms. The reason for such an enhancement is the strong scattering of electrons by flexural phonons having quadratic dispersion and a high density of states at low frequencies. Conversely, for films with rigid surfaces the low-temperature relaxation of electrons is exponentially suppressed due to the formation of a gap in the phonon spectrum. C1 Wayne State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. Inst Semicond Phys, UA-03028 Kiev, Ukraine. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Glavin, BA (reprint author), Wayne State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. NR 48 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 20 AR 205315 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.205315 PG 14 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 560DJ UT WOS:000176066600071 ER PT J AU Pittman, PR Hack, D Mangiafico, J Gibbs, P McKee, KT Friedlander, AM Sjogren, MH AF Pittman, PR Hack, D Mangiafico, J Gibbs, P McKee, KT Friedlander, AM Sjogren, MH TI Antibody response to a delayed booster dose of anthrax vaccine and botulinum toxoid SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE botulinum toxoid; pentavalent; immune response ID PROTECTIVE ANTIGEN; INHALATIONAL ANTHRAX; BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS; BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS; FUTURE AB We evaluated the prevalence and concentration of serum antibodies 18-24 months after primary inoculation with anthrax and botulinum vaccines, and assessed the reactogenicity and immunogenicity of a significantly delayed booster dose of these vaccines. Five hundred and eight male active-duty military personnel received one, two or three inoculations with anthrax vaccine and/or botulinum toxoid in 1990/1991 in preparation for Operations Desert Shield/Desert Storm. Subjects were vaccinated with the licensed anthrax vaccine, adsorbed (AVA) and pentavalent (ABCDE) botulinum toxoid (PBT) BB-IND 3723. Anthrax protective antigen (PA) IgG antibody was measured in serum using an immunocapture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A mouse neutralization test was used to determine the titer of Clostridium botulinum type A antitoxin in serum samples, The prevalence of anti-PA IgG was 30% in individuals 18-24 months after priming with one, two or three doses of AVA. After boosting, 99% of volunteers had detectable anti-PA IgG; only two individuals failed to respond. The prevalence of antibodies against botulinum toxin type A was 28% 18-24 months after initial priming. Following boosting, 99% of volunteers had serum titers >0.02 IU/ml, and 97% responded with titers greater than or equal to0.25 IU/ml. Systemic reactions to booster vaccinations could not he specifically ascribed to one or the other vaccine, but were generally mild and of brief duration. Forty-five percent of volunteers reported one or more Systemic reactions over the course of 7 days. Injection site reactions of any kind occur-red in 25%, of AVA recipients and in 16% of PBT recipients: persistence of local reactions beyond 7 days was infrequent. While the kinetics and durability of immune responses must be studied, these findings suggest that booster doses of anthrax vaccine and botulinum toxoid sufficient to stimulate a robust anamnestic response may be given at times distant front receipt of the primary inoculations. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Womack Army Med Ctr, Ft Bragg, NC USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC USA. RP Pittman, PR (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 21 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 20 IS 16 BP 2107 EP 2115 AR PII S0264-410X(02)00058-0 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(02)00058-0 PG 9 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 558VQ UT WOS:000175988000013 PM 11972980 ER PT J AU Pletnev, AG Putnak, R Speicher, J Wagar, EJ Vaughn, DW AF Pletnev, AG Putnak, R Speicher, J Wagar, EJ Vaughn, DW TI West Nile virus/dengue type 4 virus chimeras that are reduced in neurovirulence and peripheral virulence without loss of immunogenicity or protective efficacy (vol 99, pg 3036, 2002) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Correction C1 Natl Inst Allergy & Infect Dis, Lab Infect Dis, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Virus Dis, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Pletnev, AG (reprint author), Natl Inst Allergy & Infect Dis, Lab Infect Dis, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 1 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAY 14 PY 2002 VL 99 IS 10 BP 7184 EP 7184 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 552TZ UT WOS:000175637300123 ER PT J AU Borio, L Inglesby, T Peters, CJ Schmaljohn, AL Hughes, JM Jahrling, PB Ksiazek, T Johnson, KM Meyerhoff, A O'Toole, T Ascher, MS Bartlett, J Breman, JG Eitzen, EM Hamburg, M Hauer, J Henderson, A Johnson, RT Kwik, G Layton, M Lillibridge, S Nabel, GJ Osterholm, MT Perl, TM Russell, P Tonat, K AF Borio, L Inglesby, T Peters, CJ Schmaljohn, AL Hughes, JM Jahrling, PB Ksiazek, T Johnson, KM Meyerhoff, A O'Toole, T Ascher, MS Bartlett, J Breman, JG Eitzen, EM Hamburg, M Hauer, J Henderson, A Johnson, RT Kwik, G Layton, M Lillibridge, S Nabel, GJ Osterholm, MT Perl, TM Russell, P Tonat, K CA Working Grp Civilian Biodef TI Hemorrhagic fever viruses as biological weapons - Medical and public health management SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Review ID RIFT-VALLEY FEVER; MARCH-APRIL 1972; LASSA FEVER; EBOLA-VIRUS; MARBURG-VIRUS; RHESUS-MONKEYS; WEST AFRICA; JUNIN VIRUS; EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; INTRAVENOUS RIBAVIRIN AB Objective To develop consensus-based recommendations for measures to be taken by medical and public health professionals if hemorrhagic fever viruses (HFVs) are used as biological weapons against a civilian population. Participants The Working Group on Civilian Biodefense included 26 representatives from academic medical centers, public health, military services, governmental agencies, and other emergency management institutions. Evidence MEDLINE was searched from January 1966 to January 2002. Retrieved references, relevant material published prior to 1966, and additional sources identified by participants were reviewed. Consensus Process Three formal drafts of the statement that synthesized information obtained in the evidence-gathering process were reviewed by the working group. Each draft incorporated comments and judgments of the members. All members approved the final draft. Conclusions Weapons disseminating a number of HFVs could cause an outbreak of an undifferentiated febrile illness 2 to 21 days later, associated with clinical manifestations that could include rash, hemorrhagic diathesis, and shock. The mode of transmission and clinical course would vary depending on the specific pathogen. Diagnosis may be delayed given clinicians' unfamiliarity with these diseases, heterogeneous clinical presentation within an infected cohort, and lack of widely available diagnostic tests. Initiation of ribavirin therapy in the early phases of illness may be useful in treatment of some of these viruses, although extensive experience is lacking. There are no licensed vaccines to treat the diseases caused by HFVs. C1 Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Johns Hopkins Ctr Civilian Biodef Strategies, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. Johns Hopkins Sch Publ Hlth, Johns Hopkins Ctr Civilian Biodef Strategies, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. Johns Hopkins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Microbiol, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Dept Neurosci, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. Johns Hopkins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Neurosci, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Ctr Biodef, Galveston, TX 77550 USA. NIH, Ctr Clin, Dept Crit Care Med, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIH, Fogarty Int Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIH, Vaccine Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Frederick, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Med, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. US FDA, Off Commiss, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. US Dept HHS, Off Emergency Preparedness, Rockville, MD USA. US Dept HHS, Off Publ Hlth Preparedness, Washington, DC 20201 USA. Nucl Threat Initiat, Washington, DC USA. New York City Dept Hlth, Bur Communicable Dis, New York, NY 10013 USA. Univ Minnesota, Ctr Infect Dis Res & Policy, Minneapolis, MN USA. RP Borio, L (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Johns Hopkins Ctr Civilian Biodef Strategies, 111 Market Pl,Suite 830, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. EM Lborio@jhsph.edu NR 140 TC 381 Z9 397 U1 39 U2 233 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 330 N WABASH AVE, STE 39300, CHICAGO, IL 60611-5885 USA SN 0098-7484 EI 1538-3598 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 8 PY 2002 VL 287 IS 18 BP 2391 EP 2405 DI 10.1001/jama.287.18.2391 PG 15 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 548PF UT WOS:000175397000028 PM 11988060 ER PT J AU Williams, AJ Ling, G McCabe, RT Tortella, FC AF Williams, AJ Ling, G McCabe, RT Tortella, FC TI Intrathecal CGX-1007 is neuroprotective in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia SO NEUROREPORT LA English DT Article DE brain injury; conantokin-G; ischemia; MCAo; middle cerebral artery occlusion; neuroprotection; NMDA antagonist; stroke ID D-ASPARTATE ANTAGONIST; CONANTOKIN-G; THERAPEUTIC WINDOW; SPINAL-CORD; NMDA; BRAIN; RECEPTORS; STROKE AB The NMDA antagonist CGX-1007 (Conantokin-G) has previously been shown to possess potent neuroprotective properties when administered intracranially following experimental ischemic brain injury. Using the same model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) in rats we now report the neuroprotective effects of CGX-1007 when delivered intrathecally (i.t.). When given 4 h post-occlusion, a reduction in brain infarction was measured along with significant neurological recovery. Furthermore, we describe an i.t. neuroprotective therapeutic window lasting greater than or equal to 8 h from the start of the injury. Critically, this is the first comprehensive report of a neuroprotective agent that can be administered i.t. to ameliorate experimental brain injury and potentially provide an excellent therapeutic window as a neuroprotection treatment. NeuroReport 13:821,824 (C) 2002 Lippincott Williams Wilkins. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Neuropharmacol & Mol Biol, Div Neurosci, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Cognetix, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USA. RP Williams, AJ (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Neuropharmacol & Mol Biol, Div Neurosci, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 22 TC 22 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0959-4965 J9 NEUROREPORT JI Neuroreport PD MAY 7 PY 2002 VL 13 IS 6 BP 821 EP 824 DI 10.1097/00001756-200205070-00017 PG 4 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 549KE UT WOS:000175442400019 PM 11997694 ER PT J AU Hernandez, R Zappi, M Colucci, J Jones, R AF Hernandez, R Zappi, M Colucci, J Jones, R TI Comparing the performance of various advanced oxidation processes for treatment of acetone contaminated water SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE ketones; advanced oxidation processes; water treatment AB Removal of low levels of organic pollutants can be quite challenging to many water treatment processes. Ketones, such as acetone, are often found in groundwaters and wastewaters at levels too low for supporting a bioreactor, yet since acetone is so soluble, it does not adsorb onto activated carbon very well, nor does it volatilize from water influent using air stripping. This study was undertaken to evaluate three advanced oxidation processes for their comparative ability to remove acetone from aqueous media. Optimization of the oxidation processes was attempted via adjustments of oxidizer inputs. The results indicated that all of the AOPs tested showed promise for removing acetone from water; however, ozonated systems undergoing UV photolysis achieved the highest rate and extent of treatment observed. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dave S Swalm Sch Chem Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Chem Engn, Mayaguez, PR USA. USAE, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, WES, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS USA. RP Zappi, M (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dave S Swalm Sch Chem Engn, POB 9595, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 30 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD MAY 3 PY 2002 VL 92 IS 1 BP 33 EP 50 AR PII S0304-3894(01)00371-5 DI 10.1016/S0304-3894(01)00371-5 PG 18 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 552DF UT WOS:000175602800004 PM 11975997 ER PT J AU Williford, CW Bricka, RM Foster, CC AF Williford, CW Bricka, RM Foster, CC TI Reduction of suspended solids following hydroclassification of metal-contaminated soils SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE chromium; heavy metals; hydroclassification; lead; remediation; soil; settling; suspended solids AB Remediation of metals-contaminated soil typically uses solidification/stabilization and "dig and haul". Soil washing and physical separation have been applied to a much lesser extent to reduce soil volumes requiring aggressive treatment and to improve performance of follow-up treatments. In earlier work [J. Hazard. Mater. 66 (1999) 15], we used a simple, vertical-column hydroclassifier, to separate four soils contaminated with heavy metals, defining a "best case" performance for larger-scale (minerals processing) equipment. Such processes, using water-based slurries, generate substantial volumes of water with suspended solids. These typically contain disproportionately high concentrations of heavy metals. Here, we performed an initial screening of settling, coagulation, and centrifugation for reducing suspended solids, and thus suspended metals from soil slurries following processing. The four soils, previously hydroclassified, were sieved to <600 mum, slurried with a 4:1 weight ratio of water, and allowed to settle. Slurry samples were collected at settling times of 0, 0.0833, 1, 5, and 22-24 h. Coagulant (alum) addition and centrifugation were investigated. The slurries were filtered, digested, and analyzed by atomic absorption for lead and chromium content. Two soil slurries clarified in <5 min. In all four cases, 90% of solids and metals settled within 5 h. However, completion may require up to 24 h, or other intervention, i.e. coagulants. The metal concentration in the residual suspended solids increased with settling time, implying an enrichment of metals in finer, suspended particles. Metals dissolved in the slurry water ranged from 3 to 5 mg/l for chromium and lead. This screening study provides guidance for water treatment requirements and treatability studies for the integration of hydroclassification and solids removal. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Mississippi, Dept Chem Engn, University, MS 38677 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Williford, CW (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Dept Chem Engn, POB 1848, University, MS 38677 USA. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD MAY 3 PY 2002 VL 92 IS 1 BP 63 EP 75 AR PII S0304-3894(01)00374-0 DI 10.1016/S0304-3894(01)00374-0 PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 552DF UT WOS:000175602800006 PM 11975999 ER PT J AU Maloney, SW Adrian, NR Hickey, RF Heine, RL AF Maloney, SW Adrian, NR Hickey, RF Heine, RL TI Anaerobic treatment of pinkwater in a fluidized bed reactor containing GAC SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE pinkwater; TNT; fluidized bed reactor; anaerobic wastewater treatment; munitions wastewater ID ACTIVATED CARBON; WASTE-WATER; 2,4-DINITROTOLUENE; BIOTRANSFORMATION AB Pinkwater is generated during the handling and demilitarization of conventional explosives. This listed hazardous waste contains dissolved trinitrotoluene (TNT) and cyclo trimethylene trinitramine (RDX), as well as some by-products. It represents the largest quantity of hazardous waste generated by the operations support command, and its treatment produces a by-product hazardous waste-spent granular activated carbon (GAC). Anaerobic treatment in a fluidized bed reactor (FBR) containing GAC is an emerging technology for organic compounds resistant to aerobic biological treatment. Bench scale batch studies using an anaerobic consortium of bacteria fed ethanol as the sole electron donor demonstrated the transformation of TNT to triaminotoluene (TAT), which then degrades to undetectable end products. RDX is sequentially degraded to nitroso-, dinitroso-, trinitroso- and hydroxylaminodinitroso-RDX before the triazine ring is presumably cleaved, forming methanol and formaldehyde as major end products. The bacterial members of the anaerobic consortia are typically found in sludge digesters at municipal or industrial wastewater treatment plants. The results of a pilot scale evaluation of this process that was conducted at McAlester Army Ammunition Plant (MCAAP, OK) over a 1 year period are reported in this paper. The pilot test experienced wide fluctuations in influent concentrations, representative of true field conditions. The FBR was a 20 in. (51 em) diameter column with an overall height of 15 ft (4.9 m) and a bed of GAC occupying 11 ft (3.4 m). Water was recirculated through the column continuously at 30 gpm (1141/min) to keep the GAC fluidized, and pinkwater for treatment was pumped into the recirculation line. Several flowrates were evaluated to determine the proper mass loading rate (mass of TNT and RDX per reactor volume per time, kg/m(3) per day) which the reactor could handle while meeting the discharge limitations. Based on the tests performed, a 1 gpm (3.785 1/min) rate in the 188 gal (7101) volume of the fluidized GAC bed was determined to consistently meet the discharge requirements. This information was used to develop a cost estimate for a system capable of treating the total effluent currently produced at MCAAR The cost of installing and operating this system was compared to the cost of GAC adsorption for MCAAP at current pinkwater generation rates. The GAC-FBR system had an annual operating cost of approximately US$ 19K, compared to US$ 71K annually for GAC adsorption. When including the amortization of the capital equipment required for the GAC-FBR, the payback period for installation of this new process was estimated at 3.7 years. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. EFX Syst, Lansing, MI 48910 USA. RP Maloney, SW (reprint author), USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, POB 9005, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. NR 16 TC 46 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD MAY 3 PY 2002 VL 92 IS 1 BP 77 EP 88 AR PII S0304-3894(01)00375-2 DI 10.1016/S0304-3894(01)00375-2 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 552DF UT WOS:000175602800007 PM 11976000 ER PT J AU French, WT Brown, LR Downer, DN Fredickson, HL Teeter, CL AF French, WT Brown, LR Downer, DN Fredickson, HL Teeter, CL TI Effects of n-hexadecane and PM-100 clay on trichloroethylene degradation by Burkholderia cepacia SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE trichloroethylene; Burkholderia cepacia strain G4; PM-100 clay ID BIODEGRADATION AB Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a non-flammable, volatile organochlorine compound which was a widely used degreasing agent, anesthetic, and coolant prior to 1960, but has since been placed on the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) list of priority pollutants. The inadequate disposal practices for TCE have created numerous TCE-contaminated superfund sites. The most commonly employed practice for remediating TCE-contaminated sites is to purge the contaminant from the source and trap it onto an adsorbent which is disposed of in a landfill or by incineration. This investigation was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of Burkholderia cepacia strain G4 (G4) to regenerate used sorbents by degrading TCE from the sorbent directly or indirectly. The results of this investigation showed that G4 was capable of reducing TCE attached to PM-100 clay but at significantly reduced rate due to the slow desorption rate. Conversely, it was shown that G4 was capable of degrading TCE dissolved in n-hexadecane at the same rate as systems without n-hexadecane present. The reduction in TCE degradation when the TCE is attached to the PM-100 clay could be overcome by solvent rinsing the TCE froth the clay with subsequent removal of the TCE from the n-hexadecane by G4. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V All rights reserved. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP French, WT (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, PO Drawer GY, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD MAY 3 PY 2002 VL 92 IS 1 BP 89 EP 102 AR PII S0304-3894(01)00376-4 DI 10.1016/S0304-3894(01)00376-4 PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 552DF UT WOS:000175602800008 PM 11976001 ER PT J AU Hua, DH Tamura, M Huang, XD Stephany, HA Helfrich, BA Perchellet, EM Sperfslage, BJ Perchellet, JP Jiang, SP Kyle, DE Chiang, PK AF Hua, DH Tamura, M Huang, XD Stephany, HA Helfrich, BA Perchellet, EM Sperfslage, BJ Perchellet, JP Jiang, SP Kyle, DE Chiang, PK TI Syntheses and bioactivities of substituted 9,10-dihydro-9,10-[1,2]benzenoanthracene-1,4,5,8-tetrones. Unusual reactivities with amines SO JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR BELTS; CYCLOHEXA-1,4-DIENE RINGS; PLASMEPSIN-II; IN-VITRO; DERIVATIVES; PROTEASES; QUINONES; INHIBITOR; COLLARS AB A number of substituted 9,10-dihydro-9,10-[1,2]benzenoanthracene-1,4,5,8-tetrones have been synthesized and their anticancer and antimalarial activities evaluated. A one-pot synthesis of 2,5,8-trimethoxy-9,10-dihydro-9,10-[1,2]benzenoanthracene-1,4-dione (4) was achieved by heating a mixture of 1,4-dimethoxyanthracene, methoxyhydroquinone, silver oxide, and zinc iodide in toluene. Regioselective bromination of 4 and 2-methoxy-9,10-dihydro-9,10-[1,2]benzenoanthracene-1,4,5,8-tetrone (7) with N-bromosuccinimide provided 2-bromo-3,5,8-trimethoxy-9,10-dihydro-9,10-[1,2]benzenoanthracene-1,4-dione and 2-bromo-3-methoxy-9,10-dihydro-9,10-[1,2]benzenoanthracene-1,4,5,8-tetrone (1), respectively. The reactions of 1 with aliphatic primary amines and secondary amines, respectively, produced different products, a result most likely attributed to the different basicities (or nucleophilicities) and steric effects of the two kinds of amines. The structure of the displacement product, 2-bromo-3- [2-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)ethylamino] -9, 10-dihydro-9,10- [1,21 benzenoanthracene-1,4,5,8-tetrone, from the reaction of 1 with tert-butyl 3-aminopropanoate was unequivocally determined by a single-crystal X-ray analysis. IC50 values of triptycene bisquinones for the inhibition of L1210 leukemia cell viability are in the 0.11-0.27 muM range and for the inhibition of Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 are in the 4.7-8.0 muM range. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Chem, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Hua, DH (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Chem, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA86842]; NCRR NIH HHS [1P20RR15563] NR 42 TC 46 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-3263 J9 J ORG CHEM JI J. Org. Chem. PD MAY 3 PY 2002 VL 67 IS 9 BP 2907 EP 2912 DI 10.1021/jo010958s PG 6 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 547GA UT WOS:000175323600023 PM 11975545 ER PT J AU Chen, X Howard, OMZ Yang, XY Wang, LH Oppenheim, JJ Krakauer, T AF Chen, X Howard, OMZ Yang, XY Wang, LH Oppenheim, JJ Krakauer, T TI Effects of Shuanghuanglian and Qingkailing, two multi-components of traditional Chinese medicinal preparations, on human leukocyte function SO LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Qingkailing (QKL); Shuanghuanglian (SHHL); cytokine; chemokine; chemotaxis NF-kappa B ID NF-KAPPA-B; TOXIC SHOCK SYNDROME; T-CELL ACTIVATION; HERBAL MEDICINES; ANTIINFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; HUMAN-DISEASE; CHEMOKINES AB Qingkailing (QKL) and Shuanghuanglian (SHHL) are two commonly used Chinese herbal preparations with reported antiinflammatory activity. The effects of these two preparations on the capacity of staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1) to stimulate the production of cytokines (IL-1beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma) and chemokines (MIP-1alpha, MIP-1beta and MCP-1) by peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) was tested. We also evaluated their effect on LPS-stimulated NF-kappaB transcriptional activity in a THP-1 cell line, and on human monocyte chemotactic response to chemoattractants. Non-cytotoxic concentrations of QKL (0.1similar to2%) and SHHL (6similar to120 mug) significantly inhibited production of cytokines and chemokines in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05). Both, QKL at 1:100 and SHHL at 60 mug/ml, markedly inhibited RANTES, MIP-1alpha, SDF-1alpha and fmLP induced human monocyte migration (P < 0.05 or 0.01). QKL (1%) did not inhibit monocyte chemotaxis induced by super-or sub-optimal concentrations of fMLP (10(-5), 10(-6) and 10(-10) M), but only inhibited chemotaxis induced by optimal concentrations of fMLP at 10(-7), 10(-8) and 10(-9) M. QKL (0.1% or 1%) and SHHL(6 or 60 mug/ml) markedly inhibited LPS-induced NF-kappaB activity in THP-1 cells. The results suggested that the pharmacological basis for the antiinflammatory effects of QKL and SHHL is the result of suppression of NF-kappaB regulated gene transcription, leading to suppressed production of proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine. Interference with leukocyte chemotaxis also contributes to the anti inflammatory and immunomodulating effects of these medicinals. Identification of the responsible components in these two herbal preparations may yield compounds suitable for structural modification into potent novel drugs. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 NCI, Ctr Canc Res, Mol Immunoregulat Lab, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. NCI, SAIC Frederick, Intramural Res Support Program, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Dept Immunol & Mol Biol, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Chen, X (reprint author), NCI, Ctr Canc Res, Mol Immunoregulat Lab, Bldg 560,Rm 31-19, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RI Howard, O M Zack/B-6117-2012; Chen, Xin/I-6601-2015 OI Howard, O M Zack/0000-0002-0505-7052; Chen, Xin/0000-0002-2628-4027 FU NCCIH NIH HHS [Y2-AT-9002]; PHS HHS [N01-C0-12400] NR 67 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0024-3205 J9 LIFE SCI JI Life Sci. PD MAY 3 PY 2002 VL 70 IS 24 BP 2897 EP 2913 AR PII S0024-3205(02)01541-2 DI 10.1016/S0024-3205(02)01541-2 PG 17 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 565MV UT WOS:000176374800005 PM 12269401 ER PT J AU Bryant, CX AF Bryant, CX TI How to attract and keep good employees SO ACSMS HEALTH & FITNESS JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 United States Acad, W Point, PA USA. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1091-5397 J9 ACSMS HEALTH FIT J JI ACSMS Health Fit. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 6 IS 3 BP 33 EP 34 PG 2 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 550EQ UT WOS:000175491000008 ER PT J AU Smith, PA Kluchinsky, TA Savage, PB Erickson, RP Lee, AP Williams, K Stevens, M Thomas, RJ AF Smith, PA Kluchinsky, TA Savage, PB Erickson, RP Lee, AP Williams, K Stevens, M Thomas, RJ TI Traditional sampling with laboratory analysis and solid phase microextraction sampling with field gas chromatography/mass spectrometry by military industrial hygienists SO AIHAJ LA English DT Article DE field analysis; gas chromatography/mass spectrometry; military personnel; sampling; solid phase microextraction AB The opinions or assertions contained herein are the private ones of the authors and are not to be construed as official or reflecting the views of the United States Department of Defense or the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences. Rapid on-site detection and identification of environmental contaminants to which personnel may be exposed is often needed during military deployment situations. The availability of military industrial hygienists with capabilities for "complete" on-site exposure assessment of chemical species should allow detection and identification of a number of important stressors almost immediately following sample collection. Portable gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) provides a rapid and efficient separation of volatile and semivolatile organic analytes, accompanied by sensitive electron impact ionization-mass spectrometry (EI-MS) detection. The use of GC/MS in the field is limited, however, by equipment cost, complexity of the equipment, and the analytical process. Additionally, a skilled operator is needed to obtain useful separations and to interpret mass spectral data. To demonstrate benefits and limitations of "complete" exposure assessment capabilities, a previously unidentified complex mixture, produced by thermal dispersion of riot control agents, was examined. Established active sampling methods were used with laboratory analyses. Solid phase microextraction, a passive sampling method that simplifies preparation for GC/MS analysis, also was used with a field-portable GC/MS system. Both sampling/analysis methods were used to detect CS riot control agent-derived air contaminants dispersed from riot control type canisters through oxidizer-supported combustion of a chemical fuel. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Biochem & Chem, Provo, UT 84602 USA. USN, Environm & Prevent Med Unit 2, Norfolk, VA USA. USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Lab Directorate, Edgewood, MD USA. RP Smith, PA (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RI Smith, Philip/A-6835-2009 OI Smith, Philip/0000-0003-3787-9111 NR 8 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 USA SN 1529-8663 J9 AIHAJ JI AIHAJ PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 63 IS 3 BP 284 EP 292 DI 10.1080/15428110208984715 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 563JN UT WOS:000176252700005 PM 12173177 ER PT J AU Dalton, SR Baptista, MA Libow, LF Elston, DM AF Dalton, SR Baptista, MA Libow, LF Elston, DM TI Lichenoid tissue reaction in malignant melanoma - A potential diagnostic pitfall SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE amelanotic melanoma; malignant melanoma; melanoma in situ; lichenoid tissue reaction; benign lichenoid keratosis; regression AB Lichenoid tissue reactions can occur in malignant melanoma and may cause partial regression of the lesion. We studied a series of melanomas to determine how frequently, lichenoid tissue reaction obscures the diagnosis of malignant melanoma. We retrospectively reviewed 342 cases of invasive Malignant melanoma and melanoma in situ from the head, neck, chest, and back Of the 3.42 cases, 23 (6.7%) had a lichenoid tissue reaction obscuring a portion of the lesion. In 6 cases (1.8%), the lichenoid tissue reaction replaced a major portion of the lesion. Knowledge of this phenomenon can prevent misdiagnosis. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, MCHE, DD, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Elston, DM (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, MCHE, DD, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 9 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL PATHOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA 2100 W HARRISON ST, CHICAGO, IL 60612 USA SN 0002-9173 J9 AM J CLIN PATHOL JI Am. J. Clin. Pathol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 117 IS 5 BP 766 EP 770 PG 5 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 546YX UT WOS:000175305600012 PM 12090426 ER PT J AU Tveit, DP Hypolite, IO Hshieh, P Cruess, D Agodoa, LY Welch, PG Abbott, KC AF Tveit, DP Hypolite, IO Hshieh, P Cruess, D Agodoa, LY Welch, PG Abbott, KC TI Chronic dialysis patients have high risk for pulmonary embolism SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF KIDNEY DISEASES LA English DT Article DE pulmonary embolism; dialysis; peritoneal dialysis (PD); hemodialysis (HD); complications; US Renal Data System (USRDS); National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) ID STAGE RENAL-DISEASE; ACTIVATED-PROTEIN-C; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; UREMIC PATIENTS; PLASMA-LEVELS; FAILURE; ABNORMALITIES; COMPLICATIONS; HEMODIALYSIS; MORTALITY AB Pulmonary embolism has been considered uncommon in chronic dialysis patients, but has not been adequately studied in a large population. In the US Renal Data System (USRDS), 76,718 patients presenting with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) between January 1, 1996, and December 31,1996, were analyzed in an historical cohort study. The outcome was hospitalizations with a primary discharge diagnosis of pulmonary embolism (international Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision code 415.1x) occurring within 1 year of the first ESRD treatment and excluding those occurring after renal transplantation. For dialysis patients, hospitalization rates for pulmonary embolism were obtained from the hospitalization section of the 1999 USRDS. For the general population, hospitalization rates for pulmonary embolism were obtained from the National Hospital Discharge Survey for 1996. Comorbidities from the Medical Evidence Form (Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, previously known as the Health Care Financing Administration; form 2728) were used to generate approximated stratified models of adjusted incidence ratios for pulmonary embolism (comorbidities could not be stratified for the general population). In 1996, the overall incidence rate of pulmonary embolism was 149.90/100,000 dialysis patients compared with 24.62/100,000 persons in the US population, with an age-adjusted incidence ratio of 2.34 in dialysis patients. Younger dialysis patients had the greatest relative risk for pulmonary embolism. The age-adjusted incidence ratio of pulmonary embolism after excluding dialysis patients with known risk factors for pulmonary embolism was 2.11. Ninety-five percent confidence intervals for all age categories in both models were statistically significant. Chronic dialysis patients have high risk for pulmonary embolism, independent of comorbidity. This is a US government work. There are no restrictions on its use. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Nephrol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NIDDKD, NIH, Off Minor Hlth Res Coordinat, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Abbott, KC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Nephrol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. OI Abbott, Kevin/0000-0003-2111-7112 NR 35 TC 67 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0272-6386 J9 AM J KIDNEY DIS JI Am. J. Kidney Dis. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 39 IS 5 BP 1011 EP 1017 DI 10.1053/ajkd.2002.32774 PG 7 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 548JQ UT WOS:000175385200011 PM 11979344 ER PT J AU Li, QG Mog, SR Si, YZ Kyle, DE Gettayacamin, M Milhous, WK AF Li, QG Mog, SR Si, YZ Kyle, DE Gettayacamin, M Milhous, WK TI Neurotoxicity and efficacy of arteether related to its exposure times and exposure levels in rodents SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; CREMOPHOR-EL; CEREBRAL MALARIA; ARTEMISININ DERIVATIVES; ANTIMALARIAL DRUG; NEURAL TOXICITY; BETA-ARTEETHER; BODY-WEIGHT; IN-VITRO; RATS AB The neurotoxicity of beta-arteether (AE) is related to drug accumulation in blood due to slow and prolonged absorption from the intramuscular injection sites. In this efficacy and toxicity study of AE, the traditional sesame oil vehicle was replaced with cremophore to decrease the accumulation and toxicity of AE. Dihydroartemisinin (DQHS), a more toxic and active metabolite of AE, was also analyzed. When administered at a daily dosage of 25 mg/kg for seven days, blood accumulation of AE with sesame oil (AESO) was used had a 7.5-fold higher area under the curve (AUC) (on last versus first day dosing), while AE with cremophore (AECM) had only a 1.8-fold higher AUC. Although the accumulation of AECM was greatly reduced, its total exposure level (46.29 mug.h/ml) was 2.7-fold higher than with AESO (16.92 mug.h/ml) due to a higher bioavailability of AECM (74.5%) compared with AESO (20.3%). Total exposure time (calculated at over the minimal detected neurotoxicity level of 41.32 ng/ml) of AECM was 103 hours during the whole treatment period (192 hours), which was more than one-third (37%) less than with AESO (162 hours). Similar pharmacokinetic results were also shown with the active metabolite, DQHS. Anorexia and gastrointestinal toxicity with AESO were significantly more severe than with AECM (P<0.001). Histopathologic examination of the brain demonstrated neurotoxic changes; the AESO rat group was significantly more severe than the AECM rat group. The brain injury scores with AECM were mild to moderate (2.3-3.0), and with AESO they were moderate to severe (3.0-4.7) on day 7 and day 10, respectively. In addition, the results of a 50% cure dose (CD50) against Plasmodium berghei in mice were 34.1 mg/kg for AESO and 14.2 mg/kg for AECM, indicating a significant higher efficacy was found in the AECM animals. Toxicity and efficacy of DQHS were also dependent on its exposure time and level, which was the same as its parent drug (AE). In conclusion, following the seven-day treatment in rats, AE and DQHS exposure time and level varied based on the vehicle used. The extension of drug exposure time and the low peak level of AE and DQHS were more associated with severe neurotoxicity and lower antimalarial efficacy, whereas the high level and short exposure time of AE and DQHS resulted in higher efficacy and milder toxicity. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Div Pathol, Naval Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. RP Li, QG (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Div Pathol, Naval Med Res Ctr, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 61 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 66 IS 5 BP 516 EP 525 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 585AM UT WOS:000177501000015 PM 12201585 ER PT J AU Johnson, EK Choi, YU Jarrard, SW Rivera, D AF Johnson, EK Choi, YU Jarrard, SW Rivera, D TI Pneumoperitoneum after rough sexual intercourse SO AMERICAN SURGEON LA English DT Article ID NONSURGICAL CAUSES; BENIGN PNEUMOPERITONEUM; PNEUMOMEDIASTINUM; DILEMMA AB Our objective is to report on a case of nonsurgical pneumoperitoneum and review the mechanism/gynecologic causes of such. We present a case report and review of the literature based on a MEDLINE search using the keywords pneumoperitoneum and nonsurgical. Radiographic evidence of free intraperitoneal air suggests hollow viscus rupture and usually warrants urgent surgical management. Findings of diffuse rebound tenderness and guarding solidify the decision for urgent surgical exploration. We present a case of a patient who presented with all of the above findings that subsequently underwent a negative laparotomy. On the day after surgery she admitted to having had rough sexual intercourse 3 days before presentation. Nonsurgical pneumo-peritoneum has a number of unusual causes. Intra-abdominal, thoracic, gynecologic, iatrogenic, and miscellaneous etiologies are encountered. It was determined that the pneumo-peritoneum in this case was secondary to rough sexual intercourse. We concluded that pneumoperitoneum secondary to nonsurgical causes represents a diagnostic dilemma. In the patient with free intraperitoneal air on plain X-ray one should be suspicious of less common nonsurgical etiologies. The majority of patients will require laparotomy. Thorough sexual and gynecologic/obstetrical history is a valuable adjunct in identifying the patient who does not. C1 Dwight D Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Ft Gordon, GA USA. RP Johnson, EK (reprint author), 499 Marble Falls Dr, Grovetown, GA 30813 USA. NR 22 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHEASTERN SURGICAL CONGRESS PI ATLANTA PA 141 WEST WIEUCA RD, STE B100, ATLANTA, GA 30342 USA SN 0003-1348 J9 AM SURGEON JI Am. Surg. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 68 IS 5 BP 430 EP 433 PG 4 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 549ER UT WOS:000175432000007 PM 12013285 ER PT J AU Gibbons, RV AF Gibbons, RV TI Cryptogenic rabies, bats, and the question of aerosol transmission SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID TO-HUMAN TRANSMISSION; UNITED-STATES; POSTEXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS; VIRUS VARIANTS; PREVENTION; RISK; BITE AB Human rabies is rare in the United States; however, an estimated 40,000 patients receive rabies postexposure prophylaxis each year. Misconceptions about the transmission of rabies are plentiful, particularly regarding bats. Most cases of human rabies caused by bat variants have no definitive history of animal bite. Three hypotheses are proposed and reviewed for the transmission of rabies from bats to human beings. They include nonbite transmission (including aerosol transmission), the alternate host hypothesis (an intermediate animal host that acquires rabies from a bat and then transmits rabies to human beings), and minimized or unrecognized bat bites, Nonbite transmission of rabies is very rare, and aerosol transmission has never been well documented in the natural environment. The known pathogenesis of rabies and available data suggest that all or nearly all cases of human rabies attributable to bats were transmitted by bat bites that were minimized or unrecognized by the patients. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Virus Dis, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Gibbons, RV (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Virus Dis, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 74 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 9 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 39 IS 5 BP 528 EP 536 DI 10.1067/mem.2002.121521 PG 9 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 548VJ UT WOS:000175410300007 PM 11973559 ER PT J AU Starnes, BW O'Donnell, SD Gillespie, DL Goff, JM Rosa, P Rich, NM AF Starnes, BW O'Donnell, SD Gillespie, DL Goff, JM Rosa, P Rich, NM TI Endovascular management of renal ischemia in a patient with acute aortic dissection and renovascular hypertension SO ANNALS OF VASCULAR SURGERY LA English DT Article ID INTRAVASCULAR ULTRASOUND; VASCULAR COMPLICATIONS; BALLOON FENESTRATION; FOLLOW-UP; IMPLANTATION; ARTERY AB We report the endovascular management of a patient with a type B aortic dissection complicated by renal ischemia and resultant severe hypertension. A 69-year-old male presented with acute type B aortic dissection with proximal extension complicated by severe renovascular hypertension secondary to left renal ischemia. Endovascular management consisted of imaging with intravascular ultrasound and left renal artery stenting with balloon-expandable stents. His hypertension subsequently resolved and he was discharged on his baseline two-drug regimen. Management of the ischemic complications of type B aortic dissections may be primarily approached using endovascular methods in stable patients, with open surgery reserved for those patients refractory to these methods. Patients with evidence of decreased renal perfusion represent a select group with an increased risk of associated morbidity and mortality and should therefore be aggressively managed. Accurate information and assessment of anatomy can be obtained with intravascular ultrasound and is therefore an important adjunct to the armamentarium of endovascular specialists managing complications of aortic dissection. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Vasc Surg Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Starnes, BW (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Vasc Surg Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. OI Gillespie, David/0000-0002-4378-9465 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0890-5096 J9 ANN VASC SURG JI Ann. Vasc. Surg. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 16 IS 3 BP 368 EP 374 DI 10.1007/s10016-001-0184-7 PG 7 WC Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Surgery; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 573AM UT WOS:000176807200018 PM 11957010 ER PT J AU Smee, DF Sidwell, RW Kefauver, D Bray, M Huggins, JW AF Smee, DF Sidwell, RW Kefauver, D Bray, M Huggins, JW TI Characterization of wild-type and cidofovir-resistant strains of camelpox, cowpox, monkeypox, and vaccinia viruses SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID RECALCITRANT MOLLUSCUM CONTAGIOSUM; CYTOMEGALOVIRUS DNA-POLYMERASE; HERPES-SIMPLEX VIRUS; MURINE CYTOMEGALOVIRUS; ANTIVIRAL AGENTS; DRUG-RESISTANT; PHOSPHONYLMETHOXYALKYL DERIVATIVES; GANCICLOVIR; INFECTIONS; MICE AB Cidofovir {[(S)-1-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)cytosine] [HPMPC]}-resistant forms of camelpox, cowpox, monkeypox, and vaccinia viruses were developed by prolonged passage in Vero 76 cells in the presence of drug. Eight- to 27-fold-higher concentrations of cidofovir were required to inhibit the resistant viruses than were needed to inhibit the wild-type (WT) viruses. Resistant viruses were characterized by determining their cross-resistance to other antiviral compounds, examining their different replication abilities in two cell lines, studying the biochemical basis of their drug resistance, and assessing the degrees of their virulence in mice. These viruses were cross resistant to cyclic HPMPC and, with the exception of vaccinia virus, to (S)-1- (3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl) adenine. Three of the four resistant cowpox and monkeypox viruses exhibited reduced abilities to infect and replicate in 3T3 cells compared to their abilities in Vero 76 cells. Compared to the WT virus polymers the resistant cowpox virus DNA polymerase was 8.5-fold less sensitive to inhibition by cidofovir diphosphate, the active form of the drug. Intracellular phosphorylation of [H-3]cidofovir was not stimulated or inhibited by infection with resistant cowpox virus. In intranasally infected BALB/c mice, WT cowpox virus was 80-fold more virulent than the resistant virus. Cidofovir treatment (100 mg/kg of body weight, given one time only as early as 5 min after virus challenge) of a resistant cowpox virus infection could not protect mice from mortality. However, the drug prevented mortality in 80 to 100% of the mice treated with a single 100-mg/kg dose at 1, 2, 3, or 4 days after WT virus challenge. By application of these results to human orthopoxvirus infections, it is anticipated that resistant viruses may be untreatable with cidofovir but their virulence may be attenuated. Studies will need to be conducted with cidofovir-resistant monkeypox virus in monkeys to further support these hypotheses. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Anim Dairy & Vet Sci, Inst Antiviral Res, Logan, UT 84322 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Smee, DF (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Anim Dairy & Vet Sci, Inst Antiviral Res, 5600 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [N01-AI-65291] NR 35 TC 71 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 46 IS 5 BP 1329 EP 1335 DI 10.1128/AAC.46.5.1329-1335.2002 PG 7 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 543KH UT WOS:000175100800024 PM 11959564 ER PT J AU Karle, JM Karle, IL AF Karle, JM Karle, IL TI Crystal structure of (-)-mefloquine hydrochloride reveals consistency of configuration with biological activity SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; ABSOLUTE STEREOCHEMISTRY; ANTIMALARIAL ACTIVITY; CINCHONA ALKALOIDS; MEFLOQUINE; MALARIA; PLASMA; QUINIDINE; INVITRO AB The absolute configuration of (-)-mefloquine has been established as 11R,12S by X-ray crystallography of the hydrochloride salt, thus allowing comparison of the configuration of mefloquine's optical isomers to those of quinine and quinidine. (-)-Mefloquine has the same stereochemistry as quinine, and (+)-mefloquine has the same stereochemistry as quinidine. Since (+)-mefloquine is more potent than (-)-mefloquine in vitro against the D6 and W2 strains of Plasmodium falciparum and quinidine is more potent than quinine, a common stereochemical component for antimalarial activity is implicated. The crystal of (-)-mefloquine hydrochloride contained four different conformations which mainly differ in a small rotation of the piperidine ring. These conformations are essentially the same as the crystalline conformations of racemic mefloquine methylsulfonate monohydrate, mefloquine hydrochloride, and mefloquine free base. The crystallographic parameters for (-)mefloquine hydrochloride hydrate were as follows: C17H17F6N2O+Cl- (.) 0.25 H2O; M-r, 419.3; symmetry of unit cell, orthorhombic space group, P2(1)2(1)2(1); parameters of unit cell, a = 12.6890 +/- 0.0006 Angstrom (1 Angstrom = 0.1 nm), b = 18.9720 +/- 0.0009 Angstrom, c = 32.189 +/- 0.017 Angstrom; volume of unit cell, 7,749 +/- 4 Angstrom(3); number of molecules per unit cell, 16; calculated density, 1.44 g cm(-3); source of radiation, Cu Kalpha (lambda = 1.54178 Angstrom); mu (absorption coefficient), 2.373 mm(-1); room temperature was used; final R-1 (residual index), 0.0874 for 3,692 reflections with intensities greater than 2sigma. All of the hydroxyl and amine hydrogen atoms participate in intermolecular hydrogen bonds with chloride ions. The orientation of the amine and hydroxyl groups in (+)-mefloquine may define the optimal geometry for hydrogen bonding with cellular constituents. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Dept Med Chem, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. USN, Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Karle, JM (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Dept Med Chem, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 26 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 46 IS 5 BP 1529 EP 1534 DI 10.1128/AAC.46.5.1529-1534.2002 PG 6 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 543KH UT WOS:000175100800052 PM 11959592 ER PT J AU Kammer, GM Perl, A Richardson, BC Tsokos, GC AF Kammer, GM Perl, A Richardson, BC Tsokos, GC TI Abnormal T cell signal transduction in systemic lupus erythematosus SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Review ID PROTEIN-KINASE-A; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES; RECEPTOR ZETA-CHAIN; DRUG-INDUCED LUPUS; FUNCTION-ASSOCIATED ANTIGEN-1; SIB-PAIR FAMILIES; NF-KAPPA-B; DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE; IN-VITRO; DISEASE-ACTIVITY C1 Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Sect Rheumatol & Clin Immunol, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. SUNY, Hlth Sci Ctr, Coll Med, Syracuse, NY USA. Univ Michigan, Med Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Kammer, GM (reprint author), Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Sect Rheumatol & Clin Immunol, Med Ctr Blvd, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [MO1 RR07122]; NIA NIH HHS [R01-AG014783]; NIAID NIH HHS [R01-AI42269, R01-AI42753, R01-AI46526, R01-AI48079]; NIAMS NIH HHS [R01-AR39501, R01-AR42525]; NIDDK NIH HHS [R01-DK49221] NR 123 TC 99 Z9 103 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 46 IS 5 BP 1139 EP 1154 DI 10.1002/art.10192 PG 16 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 552XU UT WOS:000175646000003 PM 12115215 ER PT J AU Oglesby, R Ceruti, R De Luigi, J Cueto, P AF Oglesby, R Ceruti, R De Luigi, J Cueto, P TI Clinical images: Dialysis-associated uremic tumoral calcinosis SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Article C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Oglesby, R (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 46 IS 5 BP 1416 EP 1416 DI 10.1002/art.10255 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 552XU UT WOS:000175646000050 PM 12115262 ER PT J AU Baechler, MF Kim, DH AF Baechler, MF Kim, DH TI Patient positioning for shoulder arthroscopy based on variability in lateral acromion morphology SO ARTHROSCOPY-THE JOURNAL OF ARTHROSCOPIC AND RELATED SURGERY LA English DT Article DE acromion morphology; shoulder arthroscopy AB The purpose of this article is to highlight the variability among shoulders in the relationship between the lateral acromion and the humeral head and to describe how this variability may influence a surgeon's choice of patient positioning for shoulder arthroscopy. In cases of increased lateral coverage of the humeral head by the acromion, arthroscopic access to the superior aspect of the glenoid through lateral portals becomes increasingly difficult because of a narrowed corridor of approach. Placing the ipsilateral arm in traction will lower the station of the humeral head and widen the arthroscopic corridor of approach to the superior labrum. Based on preoperative assessment of lateral acromion morphology, if the surgeon determines that inferior displacement of the humeral head of 25% or more of the humeral head diameter will be necessary to achieve adequate arthroscopic accessibility of the superior glenoid through lateral portals, we recommend the lateral decubitus position with continuous traction on the ipsilateral arm over the beach-chair position. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Orthopaed Surg Serv, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Baechler, MF (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Orthopaed Surg Serv, 1 Jarrett White Rd, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0749-8063 J9 ARTHROSCOPY JI Arthroscopy PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 18 IS 5 BP 547 EP 549 DI 10.1053/jars.2002.30663 PG 3 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 550EL UT WOS:000175490600017 PM 11987069 ER PT J AU Swanson, AL Blake, NJ Dibb, JE Albert, MR Blake, DR Rowland, FS AF Swanson, AL Blake, NJ Dibb, JE Albert, MR Blake, DR Rowland, FS TI Photochemically induced production of CH3Br, CH3I, C2H5I, ethene, and propene within surface snow at Summit, Greenland SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE snowpack photochemistry; methyl bromide; methyl iodide; alkenes; alkyl nitrates ID METHYL-IODIDE; ICE; AIR; FORMALDEHYDE; ATMOSPHERE; NITRATES; SEAWATER; METHANE; OCEAN; NOX AB Measurements at Summit, Greenland, performed from June-August 1999, showed significant enhancement in concentrations of several trace gases in the snowpack (firn) pore air relative to the atmosphere. We report here measurements of alkenes, halocarbons, and alkyl nitrates that are typically a factor of 2-10 higher in concentration within the firn air than in the ambient air 1-10 m above the snow. Profiles of concentration to a depth of 2 m into the firn show that maximum values of these trace gases occur between the surface and 60 cm depth. The alkenes show highest pore mixing ratios very close to the surface, with mixing ratios in the order ethene > propene > 1-butene. Mixing ratios of the alkyl iodides and alkyl nitrates peak slightly deeper in the firn, with mixing ratios in order of methyl > ethyl > propyl. These variations are likely consistent with different near-surface photochemical production mechanisms. Diurnal mixing ratio variations within the firn correlate well with actinic flux for all these gases, with a temporal offset between the solar maximum and peak concentrations, lengthening with depth. Using a snow-filled chamber under constant flow conditions, we calculated production rates for the halocarbons and alkenes that ranged between 10(3)-10(5) and 10(6) molecules cm(-3) s(-1), respectively. Taken together, these results suggest that photochemistry associated with the surface snowpack environment plays an important role in the oxidative capacity of the local atmospheric boundary layer, and influences post-depositional chemistry, which in turn may affect the interpretation of certain aspects of the ice core records collected previously at Summit. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Climate Change Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Blake, NJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. OI Albert, Mary/0000-0001-7842-2359 NR 32 TC 73 Z9 74 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 36 IS 15-16 BP 2671 EP 2682 AR PII S1352-2310(02)00127-9 DI 10.1016/S1352-2310(02)00127-9 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 569QU UT WOS:000176614200021 ER PT J AU Grannas, AM Shepson, PB Guimbaud, C Sumner, AL Albert, M Simpson, W Domine, F Boudries, H Bottenheim, J Beine, HJ Honrath, R Zhou, XL AF Grannas, AM Shepson, PB Guimbaud, C Sumner, AL Albert, M Simpson, W Domine, F Boudries, H Bottenheim, J Beine, HJ Honrath, R Zhou, XL TI A study of photochemical and physical processes affecting carbonyl compounds in the Arctic atmospheric boundary layer SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE snow chemistry; Polar Sunrise Experiment 2000; formaldehyde; acetaldehyde; acetone ID POLAR SUNRISE; OZONE DEPLETION; HYDROCARBON MEASUREMENTS; ATOM CONCENTRATIONS; SURFACE; DESTRUCTION; SNOWPACK; FORMALDEHYDE; RELEASE; NOX AB Experiments were conducted during the ALERT 2000 field campaign aimed at understanding the role of air-snow interactions in carbonyl compound chemistry and the associated ozone depletion in the atmospheric boundary layer. Under sunlit conditions, we find that formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and acetone exhibit a significant diel cycle with average ambient air concentrations of 166, 53 and 385 ppt, respectively. A box model of Arctic surface layer chemistry was used to understand the diel behavior of carbonyl compound concentrations at Alert, Nunavut, Canada, with a focus on the chemical and physical processes that affect carbonyl compounds. Results of the study showed that the measured carbonyl compound concentrations can only be simulated when a radiation-dependent snowpack source term (possibly photochemistry) and a temperature-dependent sink (physical uptake on snow grains) of carbonyl compounds were added to the model. We are able to simulate the concentration and amplitude of the observed diel cycle, but not the phase of the cycle. These results help confirm the importance of snowpack chemistry and physical processes with respect to carbonyl compound concentrations in the Arctic surface boundary layer, and reveal weakness in the details of our understanding. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Corps Engineers, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Chem, Fairbanks, AK USA. CNRS, Lab Glaciol & Geophys Environm, Grenoble, France. Meteorol Serv Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada. CNR, Ist Inquinamento Atmosfer, Rome, Italy. Michigan Technol Univ, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. SUNY Albany, Wadsworth Ctr, NYSDOH, Albany, NY 12222 USA. SUNY Albany, Sch Publ Hlth, Albany, NY USA. RP Grannas, AM (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RI Domine, Florent/E-8699-2011; Shepson, Paul/E-9955-2012; Simpson, William/I-2859-2014; OI Simpson, William/0000-0002-8596-7290; Albert, Mary/0000-0001-7842-2359 NR 36 TC 72 Z9 72 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 36 IS 15-16 BP 2733 EP 2742 AR PII S1352-2310(02)00134-6 DI 10.1016/S1352-2310(02)00134-6 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 569QU UT WOS:000176614200026 ER PT J AU Albert, MR Grannas, AM Bottenheim, J Shepson, PB Perron, FE AF Albert, MR Grannas, AM Bottenheim, J Shepson, PB Perron, FE TI Processes and properties of snow-air transfer in the high Arctic with application to interstitial ozone at Alert, Canada SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE air-snow exchange; ventilation; modeling; ozone; snow properties ID BLACK CARBON; OH-RADICALS; SOUTH-POLE; FIRN; TRANSFORMATION; TROPOSPHERE; PARTICLES; OZONATION; WATER; ICE AB Recent measurements of reactive chemical species in snow and firn at polar sites have served to underscore the importance of air snow transfer processes in understanding changes in atmospheric chemistry. In this paper we present the first quantitative assessment of the impact of physical processes in the snow on air snow chemical exchange of ozone. Measurements of snow properties, interstitial ozone concentrations, and an ozone kinetic depletion experiment results are presented along with two-dimensional model results of the diffusion and ventilation processes affecting gas exchange at Alert, Nunavut, Canada. The Arctic snowpack at Alert will allow rapid exchange of gases with the atmosphere. Even under natural ventilation conditions with moderate winds, the entire pack is exposed to air movement and therefore available for chemical exchange processes. Both measurements and model results indicate that ozone undergoes rapid depletion in the top centimeters of the snow-approximately within the top 5 cm under diffusion alone, and in the top 10 cm or less during ventilation. Due to the higher permeability of the snowpack on the sea ice site as compared to the terrestrial site, it is possible that chemical exchange processes could be even more rapid over the sea ice in the greater Arctic than at the terrestrial site. A quantitative discussion of complications that arise from current firn air sampling techniques is presented and possible improvements for future measurements are suggested. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Meteorol Serv Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Albert, MR (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RI Shepson, Paul/E-9955-2012; OI Albert, Mary/0000-0001-7842-2359 NR 33 TC 74 Z9 75 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 36 IS 15-16 BP 2779 EP 2787 AR PII S1352-2310(02)00118-8 DI 10.1016/S1352-2310(02)00118-8 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 569QU UT WOS:000176614200030 ER PT J AU Albert, MR Shultz, EF AF Albert, MR Shultz, EF TI Snow and firn properties and air-snow transport processes at Summit, Greenland SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE air-snow transfer; ventilation; diffusion; SF6; permeability ID POLAR FIRN; ICE; DEPOSITION; SULFATE AB Snow-air exchange processes affect the chemistry of the atmosphere as well as the chemistry of underlying snow and firn. An understanding of the transport processes is important for quantifying and predicting changes in atmospheric chemistry and also for improving ice core interpretation. This paper focuses on the nature of diffusive and advective (ventilation) interstitial transport processes at Summit, Greenland. Field measurements of snow and firn density, permeability and microstructure are presented and compared with measurements from previous years. Density and permeability profiles follow similar general patterns from year to year; however, the specifics of the profiles show interannual variation. Field measurements of the diffusion of an inert tracer gas, SF6, through the surface wind pack yields an SF6 diffusion coefficient for the June 2000 surface wind pack at Summit of similar to0.06 cm(2)/s; the tortuosity of the surface wind pack was 0.5. The first direct measurements of interstitial air flow in snow due to natural ventilation in undisturbed snow are presented, for light (3 m/s) winds and moderately strong (9 m/s) winds in a hoar layer 15 cm beneath the surface. The measurements during light winds showed results characteristic of diffusion profiles, while the measurements under strong winds showed evidence of ventilation. The interstitial air flow velocities are consistent with previous modeling results. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Albert, MR (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. OI Albert, Mary/0000-0001-7842-2359 NR 35 TC 120 Z9 124 U1 1 U2 24 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 36 IS 15-16 BP 2789 EP 2797 AR PII S1352-2310(02)00119-X DI 10.1016/S1352-2310(02)00119-X PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 569QU UT WOS:000176614200031 ER PT J AU Caldwell, JA Gilreath, SR AF Caldwell, JA Gilreath, SR TI A survey of aircrew fatigue in a sample of US Army aviation personnel SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE survey; aviation; fatigue; sleep; flight safety AB Background: Recently published data on military aviation mishaps suggest aircrew fatigue remains a flight-safety problem. Methods: In the Current stuck, a questionnaire was administered to 241 Army aviators and 120 Army enlisted crew members. Results: Inadequate sleep and/or insufficient sleep quality is reportedly adversely affecting on-the-job alertness. The requirements to work a variety of schedules and to travel/work away from home are likely contributing to less than optimal sleep quality; however, a number of personnel may be suffering from sleep deprivation clue to intentional sleep restriction as well. The personnel surveyed in this study indicated they were sleeping less than 7 h per night, which is 1 h less than the amount recommended by sleep specialists. This insufficient sleep, combined with rotating schedules and other work demands, no doubt contributed to the perceptions of three-quarters of the present sample that fatigue is a widespread problem in the military aviation community. Conclusion: These results indicate the importance of continuing to stress fatigue-reduction strategies in training and operational environments. C1 USA, Aeromed Res Lab, Ft Rucker, AL 36362 USA. RP Caldwell, JA (reprint author), USA, Aeromed Res Lab, POB 620577, Ft Rucker, AL 36362 USA. NR 20 TC 16 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 4 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 73 IS 5 BP 472 EP 480 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 545KR UT WOS:000175216800008 PM 12014607 ER PT J AU Gorbandt, MB AF Gorbandt, MB TI Prevalence of hepatitis C in US Army aircrew: Do flaws in the data exist? SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE hepatitis C; aviation medicine; Army personnel; prevalence ID VIRAL-HEPATITIS; INFECTION; MILITARY; VIRUS; RISK AB Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a rare condition with unknown prevalence in Army aircrew, This is a retrospective serial prevalence study to determine the prevalence of HCV in Army aircrew and discuss whether this reflects the true prevalence rate. Method: The Aviation Epidemiology Data Registry (AEDR) at the U.S. Army Aeromedical Center was queried by ICD-9-CM codes for cases of hepatitis from January 1988 to October 1999. These records were further reviewed for documented cases of HCV. Case details were extracted and then the data were evaluated, Results: The prevalence rate in this population is exceedingly low at 0.000087 cases per year averaged over the 12 yr, or 1 case in 11,000 aircrew per year with an average of 24,077 records per year. The total number of cases was 31, with 22 of those involving pilots. Subjects averaged 15.26 yr of military service. Conclusion. The prevalence of HCV in aircrew is low and is much lower than in the general and military populations. These prevalence rates may be skewed low clue to lack of universal reporting method, no screening, and asymptomatic nature of initial infection. Conversely, the prevalence may be accurate due to high fitness levels, population motivation, and required healthcare visits. Current prevalence rates do not support a need for universal screening, but the cost of case detection in lost training dollars and experience is significant. A definitive studs would assess the true prevalence rate and determine if screening in this population is warranted. C1 Naval Aerosp Med Inst, Pensacola, FL USA. RP Gorbandt, MB (reprint author), USA, Aeromed Ctr, Ft Rucker, AL 36362 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 73 IS 5 BP 488 EP 495 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 545KR UT WOS:000175216800011 PM 12014610 ER PT J AU Zavaljevski, N Stevens, FJ Reifman, J AF Zavaljevski, N Stevens, FJ Reifman, J TI Support vector machines with selective kernel scaling for protein classification and identification of key amino acid positions SO BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY STRUCTURE PREDICTION; IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT-CHAINS; STRUCTURAL GENOMICS; NEURAL NETWORKS; EXPRESSION DATA; SEQUENCE; MODEL AB Motivation: Data that characterize primary and tertiary structures of proteins are now accumulating at a rapid and accelerating rate and require automated computational tools to extract critical information relating amino acid changes with the spectrum of functionally attributes exhibited by a protein. We propose that immunoglobulin-type beta-domains, which are found in approximate 400 functionally distinct forms in humans alone, provide the immense genetic variation within limited conformational changes that might facilitate the development of new computational tools. As an initial step, we describe here an approach based on Support Vector Machine (SVM) technology to identify amino acid variations that contribute to the functional attribute of pathological self-assembly by some human antibody light chains produced during plasma cell diseases. Results: We demonstrate that SVMs with selective kernel scaling are an effective tool in discriminating between benign and pathologic human immunoglobulin light chains. Initial results compare favorably against manual classification performed by experts and indicate the capability of SVMs to capture the underlying structure of the data. The data set consists of 70 proteins of human antibody kappa1 light chains, each represented by aligned sequences of 120 amino acids. We perform feature selection based on a first-order adaptive scaling algorithm, which confirms the importance of changes in certain amino acid positions and identifies other positions that are key in the characterization of protein function. C1 USA, Med Res & Mat Command, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Reifman, J (reprint author), USA, Med Res & Mat Command, 504 Scott St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM nelaz@ra.anl.gov; fstevens@anl.gov; jaques.reifman@amedd.army.mil FU NIA NIH HHS [AG 18001]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK 43757] NR 30 TC 69 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1367-4803 J9 BIOINFORMATICS JI Bioinformatics PD MAY PY 2002 VL 18 IS 5 BP 689 EP 696 DI 10.1093/bioinformatics/18.5.689 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 562YP UT WOS:000176226800007 PM 12050065 ER PT J AU Andreas, EL Decosmo, J AF Andreas, EL Decosmo, J TI The signature of sea spray in the HEXOS turbulent heat flux data SO BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE air-sea interaction; COARE algorithm; HEXOS; sea spray; turbulent heat flux ID WATER-VAPOR; HUMIDITY EXCHANGE; TROPICAL CYCLONES; LAGRANGIAN MODEL; SENSIBLE HEAT; WIND STRESS; TOGA-COARE; DROPLETS; AIR; TEMPERATURE AB The role of sea spray in transferring heat and moisture across the air-sea interface has remained elusive. Some studies have reported that sea spray does not affect the turbulent air-sea heat fluxes for 10-m wind speeds up to at least 25 m s(-1), while others have reported important spray contributions for wind speeds as low as 12 m s(-1). One goal of the HEXOS (Humidity Exchange over the Sea) program was to quantify spray's contribution to the turbulent air-sea heat fluxes, but original analyses of the HEXOS flux data found the spray signal to be too small to be reliably identified amid the scatter in the data. We look at the HEXOS data again in the context of the TOGA-COARE bulk flux algorithm and a sophisticated microphysical spray model. This combination of quality data and state-of-the-art modelling reveals a distinct spray signature in virtually all HEXOS turbulent heat flux data collected in winds of 15 m s(-1) and higher. Spray effects are most evident in the latent heat flux data, where spray contributes roughly 10% of the total turbulent flux in winds of 10 m s(-1) and between 10 and 40% in winds of 15-18 m s(-1). The spray contribution to the total sensible heat flux is also at least 10% in winds above 15 m s(-1). These results lead to a new, unified parameterization for the turbulent air-sea heat fluxes that should be especially useful in high winds because it acknowledges both the interfacial and spray routes by which the sea exchanges heat and moisture with the atmosphere. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Univ Washington, Geophys Program, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Andreas, EL (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 71 TC 42 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8314 J9 BOUND-LAY METEOROL JI Bound.-Layer Meteor. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 103 IS 2 BP 303 EP 333 DI 10.1023/A:1014564513650 PG 31 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 530ER UT WOS:000174343400006 ER PT J AU Solomon, T Dung, NM Kneen, R Thao, LTT Gainsborough, M Nisalak, A Day, NPJ Kirkham, FJ Vaughn, DW Smiths, S White, NJ AF Solomon, T Dung, NM Kneen, R Thao, LTT Gainsborough, M Nisalak, A Day, NPJ Kirkham, FJ Vaughn, DW Smiths, S White, NJ TI Seizures and raised intracranial pressure in Vietnamese patients with Japanese encephalitis SO BRAIN LA English DT Article DE brainstem herniation; flavivirus; outcome; status epilepticus ID HERPES-SIMPLEX ENCEPHALITIS; CHILDHOOD CEREBRAL MALARIA; BACTERIAL-MENINGITIS; PROGNOSTIC INDICATORS; COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; STATUS EPILEPTICUS; CLINICAL-FEATURES; LUMBAR PUNCTURE; CHILDREN; CONVULSIONS AB Japanese encephalitis (JE) causes at least 10 000 deaths each year. Death is presumed to result from infection, dysfunction and destruction of neurons. There is no antiviral treatment. Seizures and raised intracranial pressure (ICP) are potentially treatable complications, but their importance in the pathophysiology of JE is unknown. Between 1994 and 1997 we prospectively studied patients with suspected CNS infections referred to an infectious disease referral hospital in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. We diagnosed Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), using antibody detection, culture of serum and CSF, and immunohistochemistry of autopsy material. We observed patients for seizures and clinical signs of brainstem herniation, measured CSF opening pressures (OP) and, on a subset of patients, performed EEGs. Of 555 patients with suspected CNS infections, 144 (26%) were infected with JEV (134 children and 10 adults). Seventeen (12%) patients died and 33 (23%) had severe sequelae. Of the 40 patients with witnessed seizures, 24 (62%) died or had severe sequelae, compared with 26 (14%) of 104 with no witnessed seizures [odds ratio (OR) 4.50, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.94-10.52, P < 0.0001]. Patients in status epilepticus (n = 25), including 15 with subtle motor seizures, were more likely to die than those with other seizures (P = 0.003). Patients with seizures were more likely to have an elevated CSF OP (P = 0.033) and to develop brainstem signs compatible with herniation syndromes (P < 0.0001). Of 11 patients with CSF OP greater than or equal to25 cm, five (46%) died, compared with seven (9%) of 80 patients with lower pressures (OR 8.69, 95% CI 1.73-45.39, P = 0.005). Of the 50 patients with a poor outcome, 35 (70%) had signs compatible with herniation syndromes (including 19 with signs of rostro-caudal progression), compared with nine (10%) of those with better outcomes (P < 0.0001). Of 11 patients with CSF OP >= 25 cm, five (46%) died, compared with seven (9%) of 80 patients with lower pressures (OR 8.69, 95% CI 1.73-45.39, P = 0.005). The combination of coma, multiple seizures, brainstem signs and illness for 7 or more days was an accurate predictor of outcome, correctly identifying 42 (84%) of 50 patients with a poor outcome and 82 (87%) of 94 with a better outcome. These findings suggest that in JE, seizures and raised ICP may be important causes of death. The outcome may be improved by measures aimed at controlling these secondary complications. C1 Univ Liverpool, Walton Ctr Neurol & Neurosurg, Dept Neurol Sci, Liverpool L9 7LJ, Merseyside, England. Cho Quan Hosp, Wellcome Trust Clin Res Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Cho Quan Hosp, Ctr Trop Dis, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. USA, Dept Virol, Med Component, Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok, Thailand. UCL, Inst Child Hlth, London, England. Natl Hosp Neurol & Neurosurg, London WC1N 3BG, England. John Radcliffe Hosp, Nuffield Dept Clin Med, Ctr Trop Med & Infect Dis, Oxford OX3 9DU, England. RP Solomon, T (reprint author), Univ Liverpool, Walton Ctr Neurol & Neurosurg, Dept Neurol Sci, Lower Lane, Liverpool L9 7LJ, Merseyside, England. EM tsolomon@liv.ac.uk RI Kirkham, Fenella/C-2442-2009; White, Nicholas/I-4629-2012 OI Kirkham, Fenella/0000-0002-2443-7958; NR 57 TC 97 Z9 101 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0006-8950 EI 1460-2156 J9 BRAIN JI Brain PD MAY PY 2002 VL 125 BP 1084 EP 1093 DI 10.1093/brain/awf116 PN 5 PG 10 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 552NR UT WOS:000175626900015 PM 11960897 ER PT J AU Looareesuwan, S Oosterhuis, B Schilizzi, BM Sollie, FAE Wilairatana, P Krudsood, S Lugt, CB Peeters, PAM Peggins, JO AF Looareesuwan, S Oosterhuis, B Schilizzi, BM Sollie, FAE Wilairatana, P Krudsood, S Lugt, CB Peeters, PAM Peggins, JO TI Dose-finding and efficacy study for i.m. artemotil (beta-arteether) and comparison with i.m. artemether in acute uncomplicated P-falciparum malaria SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE arteether; artemether; artemotil; dose-finding; malaria; pharmacokinetics; Plasmodium falciparum ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; INTRAMUSCULAR ARTEMETHER; CEREBRAL MALARIA; ARTEMISININ DRUGS; PHARMACOKINETICS; BIOAVAILABILITY; CHILDREN; TRIAL; DIHYDROARTEMISININ; MEFLOQUINE AB Aims The antimalarial efficacy/pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of intramuscular (i.m.) artemotil in Thai patients with acute uncomplicated falciparum malaria were studied to determine effective dose regimens and to compare these with the standard dose regimen of artemether. Methods In part I of the study three different artemotil dose regimens were explored in three groups of 6-9 patients for dose finding: 3.2 mg kg(-1) on day 0 and 1.6 mg kg(-1) on days 1-4 (treatment A), 1.6 mg kg(-1) on day 0 and 0.8 mg kg(-1) on days 1-4 (treatment B), 3.2 mg kg(-1) on day 0 and 0.8 mg kg(-1) on days 1-4 (treatment C). In part II of the study, artemotil treatments A and C were compared in three groups of 20-22 patients with standard i.m. artemether treatment: 3.2 mg kg(-1) on day 0 and 0.8 mg kg(-1) on days 1-4 (treatment R). Results Full parasite clearance was achieved in all patients in Part I, but parasite clearance time (PCT) and fever clearance time (FCT) tended to be longer in treatment B. Also the incidence of recrudescence before day 28 (RI) tended to be higher for treatment B. In part II, the mean PCT for each of the two artemotil treatments (52 and 55 h, respectively) was significantly longer than for artemether (43 h). The 95% CI for the difference A vs R was 0, 16 h (P =0.0408) and for difference C vs R it was 2, 19 h (P =0.0140). FCT was similar for the three treatments. The incidence of RI ranged from 5 out of 19 for treatment C to 3 out of 20 for treatment R. Plasma concentration-time profiles of artemotil indicated an irregular and variable rate of absorption after i.m. injection. A late onset of parasite clearance was associated with delayed absorption and/or very low initial artemotil plasma concentrations. Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic evaluations supported a relationship between the rate of parasite clearance and exposure to artemotil during approximately the first 2 days of treatment, and suggested that artemotil has a slower rate of absorption than artemether. Safety assessment, including neurological and audiometric examinations showed no clinically relevant findings. Adverse events before and during treatment included headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain. These are characteristic of acute malaria infections and resolved during treatment. Conclusions The optimum dose regimen for artemotil in this study was identical to the standard dose regimen of artemether. The findings that artemotil is more slowly absorbed from the i.m. injection site than artemether, and that early systemic availability may be insufficient for an immediate onset of parasite clearance contributed to the decision to choose a higher loading dose of artemotil (divided over two injection sites) and to omit the fifth dose in later studies. With this optimized dosing schedule, the more pronounced depot characteristics of i.m. artemotil can be an advantage, since it may allow shorter hospitalization. C1 Pharma BioRes Grp BV, NL-9470 AE Zuidlaren, Netherlands. Mahidol Univ, Fac Trop Med, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. ARTECEF BV, Maarssen, Netherlands. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Oosterhuis, B (reprint author), Pharma BioRes Grp BV, POB 200, NL-9470 AE Zuidlaren, Netherlands. NR 30 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0306-5251 J9 BRIT J CLIN PHARMACO JI Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 53 IS 5 BP 492 EP 500 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2125.2002.01590.x PG 9 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 549GC UT WOS:000175435300006 PM 11994055 ER PT J AU Lynch, JC Brannon, JM Delfino, JJ AF Lynch, JC Brannon, JM Delfino, JJ TI Dissolution rates of three high explosive compounds: TNT, RDX, and HMX SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE explosives; TNT; RDX; HMX; dissolution rate; solid liquid mass transfer ID PARTICLE-LIQUID HYDRODYNAMICS; STIRRED VESSEL; MASS-TRANSFER AB Incidental exposure to high explosive compounds can cause subtle health effects to which a population could be more susceptible than injury by detonation. Proper source characterization is a key requirement in the conduct of risk assessments. For nonvolatile solid explosives, dissolution is one of the primary mechanisms that controls fate and transport, resulting in exposure to these compounds remote from their source. To date, information describing dissolution rates of high explosives has been sparse. The objective of this study was to determine the dissolution rates of three high explosive compounds, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), and octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX), in dilute aqueous solutions as a function of temperature, surface area, and energy input. To determine each variable's impact on dissolution rate, experiments were performed where one variable was changed while the other two were held constant. TNT demonstrated the fastest dissolution rate followed by HMX and then RDX. Dissolution rate correlation equations were developed for each explosive compound incorporating the three aforementioned variables, independently, and collectively in one correlation equation. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Environm Engn Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USA, Waterways Expt Stn, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Lynch, JC (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Environm Engn Sci, 311 AP Black Hall, POB 116450, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 23 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD MAY PY 2002 VL 47 IS 7 BP 725 EP 734 AR PII S0045-6535(02)00035-8 DI 10.1016/S0045-6535(02)00035-8 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 558UL UT WOS:000175985000007 PM 12079068 ER PT J AU Jackson, WL AF Jackson, WL TI Vasopressin and cardiac performance SO CHEST LA English DT Letter ID VASODILATORY SEPTIC SHOCK; LOW-DOSE VASOPRESSIN C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Jackson, WL (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Bldg 2,Room 3M12,6900 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 USA SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD MAY PY 2002 VL 121 IS 5 BP 1723 EP 1724 DI 10.1378/chest.121.5.1723-a PG 2 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 552ZM UT WOS:000175650500068 PM 12006475 ER PT J AU Innis, BL Seriwatana, J Robinson, RA Shrestha, MP Yarbough, PO Longer, CF Scott, RM Vaughn, DW Myint, KSA AF Innis, BL Seriwatana, J Robinson, RA Shrestha, MP Yarbough, PO Longer, CF Scott, RM Vaughn, DW Myint, KSA TI Quantitation of immunoglobulin to hepatitis E virus by enzyme immunoassay SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; INSECT CELLS; PROTEIN; ANTIBODY; IDENTIFICATION; EXPRESSION; IGM; HEV; PURIFICATION; EPIDEMIC AB We developed a quantitative enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for antibody to hepatitis E virus (HEV) by using truncated HEV capsid protein expressed in the baculovirus system to improve seroepidemiology, to contribute to hepatitis E diagnosis, and to enable vaccine evaluations. Five antigen lots were characterized; we used a reference antiserum to standardize antigen potency. We defined Walter Reed antibody units (WR U) with a reference antiserum by using the four-parameter logistic model, established other reference pools as assay standards, and determined the conversion factor: 1 WR U/ml = 0.125 World Health Organization unit (WHO U) per ml. The EIA performed consistently; median intra- and intertest coefficients of variation were 9 and 12%, respectively. The accurate minimum detection limit with serum diluted 1:1,000 was 5.6 WR U/ml; the test could detect reliably a fourfold antibody change. In six people followed from health to onset of hepatitis E, the geometric mean antibody level rose from 7.1 WR U/ml to 1,924.6 WR U/ml. We used the presence of 56- and 180-kDa bands by Western blotting as a confirmatory test and to define true-negative and -positive serum specimens. A receiver-operating characteristics plot identified 30 WR U/ml as an optimum cut-point (sensitivity, 86%; specificity, 89%). The EIA detected antibody more sensitively than a commercially available test. The EIA was transferred to another laboratory, where four operators matched reference laboratory results for a panel of unknowns. Quantitation of antibody to HEV and confirmation of its specificity by Western blotting make HEV serology more meaningful. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Virus Dis, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Novavax Inc, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Walter Reed AFRIMS Res Unit, Kathmandu, Nepal. Genelabs Technol Inc, Redwood City, CA 94063 USA. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Virol, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. RP Innis, BL (reprint author), GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 S Collegeville Rd,Mail Code UP 4330, Collegeville, PA 19426 USA. NR 21 TC 34 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 9 IS 3 BP 639 EP 648 DI 10.1128/CDLI.9.3.639-648.2002 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 554BM UT WOS:000175713100022 PM 11986273 ER PT J AU Zou, ZQ Zhang, W Young, D Gleave, MG Rennie, P Connell, T Connelly, R Moul, J Srivastava, S Sesterhenn, I AF Zou, ZQ Zhang, W Young, D Gleave, MG Rennie, P Connell, T Connelly, R Moul, J Srivastava, S Sesterhenn, I TI Maspin expression profile in human prostate cancer (CaP) and in vitro induction of Maspin expression by androgen ablation SO CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SUPPRESSOR GENE MASPIN; RECEPTOR GENE; IN-VIVO; CELLS; AMPLIFICATION; PROGRESSION; CARCINOMA; ETS AB Purpose: Expression of tumor suppressor gene, MASPIN, is associated with inhibition of tumor cell invasion and metastasis. Loss of or decreased expression of Maspin is found frequently in breast and prostate cancer cells. The objective of this study is to investigate Maspin expression in prostate tumor specimens and explore the mechanisms of hormonal regulation of Maspin expression in prostate tumors. Experimental Design: Immunohistochemical staining of Maspin expression was performed on surgical whole-mounted prostate specimens. The expression of Maspin was scored on individual tumors. Correlation of Maspin expression with clinicopathological features was analyzed for statistical significance. Androgen ablation-induced Maspin expression was analyzed by Maspin promoter luciferase reporter assay and quantitative reverse transcription-PCR analysis of endogenous Maspin expression in LNCaP cells in vitro and in animal model. Results: Comprehensive evaluation of Maspin expression profile in multiple tumor foci from whole mounted prostate specimens of prostate cancer patients revealed absence of Maspin expression in a significant fraction (63%). However, Maspin expression is significantly higher in tumor specimens (92%) of patients treated with neoadjuvant androgen ablation therapy before radical prostatectomy. LNCaP cells cultured in androgen-depleted medium show induction of Maspin promoter activity in a promoter luciferase reporter assay. In addition, Maspin expression is increased after castration in LNCaP prostate cancer cells derived tumors in nude mice. Conclusions: Maspin expression is frequently absent in primary prostate cancers. Up-regulation of MASPIN in response to androgen ablation strongly suggests a physiological role of Maspin in growth inhibition and/or apoptosis of prostate cancer cells during androgen ablation. C1 Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Genitourinary Pathol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Ctr Prostate Dis Res, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Vancouver Gen Hosp, Prostate Ctr, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Serv Urol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Sesterhenn, I (reprint author), Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Genitourinary Pathol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 20 TC 64 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI BIRMINGHAM PA PO BOX 11806, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35202 USA SN 1078-0432 J9 CLIN CANCER RES JI Clin. Cancer Res. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 8 IS 5 BP 1172 EP 1177 PG 6 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 551EY UT WOS:000175547700031 PM 12006534 ER PT J AU Herndon, TM Juang, YT Solomou, EE Rothwell, SW Gourley, MF Tsokos, GC AF Herndon, TM Juang, YT Solomou, EE Rothwell, SW Gourley, MF Tsokos, GC TI Direct transfer of p65 into T lymphocytes from systemic lupus erythematosus patients leads to increased levels of interleukin-2 promoter activity SO CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NF-KAPPA-B; COLLAGEN-INDUCED ARTHRITIS; RECEPTOR ZETA-CHAIN; KINASE-A ACTIVITY; GENE-THERAPY; NUCLEAR TRANSLOCATION; REVISED CRITERIA; IL-2 PRODUCTION; BETA SUBUNIT; C-THETA AB The recent identification of a number of molecular defects in T cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has raised expectations for gene replacement therapy as an option in the treatment of these diseases. In this report, we have adapted an electroporation-based technique to transfer successfully DNA to peripheral blood T cells from normal individuals and patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. Transfection efficiency, judged by the percentage of live cells expressing green fluorescence after transfection with a pGFP (green fluorescence protein), reached 32 +/- 3% in normal, 13 +/- 3% in SLE, and 17 +/- 13% in RA T cells. The transfection efficiency was slightly higher in CD8(+) than in CD4(+) cells, and the cells maintained acceptable (75%) viability up to the fourth post-transfection day. SLE T cells have been shown to display low levels of the p65 subunit of the NF-kappaB transcription factor and decreased production of IL-2. Since NF-kappaB contributes to the transcriptional regulation of the IL-2 promoter, the effect of the forced replenishment of p65 on IL-2 transcription was tested. The low level of interleukin-2 promoter activity in SLE T cells increased to normal levels following transfection with cDNA encoding the NF-kappaB p65 subunit. Taken together, these results demonstrate the feasibility of transfection of T cells from SLE patients by electroporation and the reversal of decreased interleukin-2 promoter activity in SLE T cells, and are an early step toward gene therapy as a method of treatment for these individuals. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Cellular Injury, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Blood Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. Washington Hosp Ctr, Dept Med, Washington, DC 20010 USA. RP Tsokos, GC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Cellular Injury, Robert Grant Rd,Bldg 503,Room 1A32, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01AI42269, R01AI49954] NR 38 TC 35 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1521-6616 J9 CLIN IMMUNOL JI Clin. Immunol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 103 IS 2 BP 145 EP 153 DI 10.1006/clim.2002.5192 PG 9 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 560KZ UT WOS:000176082400004 PM 12027419 ER PT J AU DeAngelo, AJ Lancaster-Weiss, KJ Eliason, S Troyer, D Wortham, WG AF DeAngelo, AJ Lancaster-Weiss, KJ Eliason, S Troyer, D Wortham, WG TI Diabetic nephropathy with interstitial nephritis presenting with a false-positive anti-GBM antibody SO CLINICAL NEPHROLOGY LA English DT Article ID GOODPASTURES-SYNDROME; DISEASE; GLOMERULONEPHRITIS; COLLAGEN AB A 56-year-old male with DM and HTN presented with flank pain and nausea. Review of systems was negative, physical examination was notable for mild hypovolemia and laboratory revealed BUN 51 mg/dl, creatinine (Cr) 5.1 mg/dl (baseline 1.5), Westergren ESR 122 mm/h, fractional excretion of sodium 0.2% and UA positive for blood and protein. Despite volume resuscitation the Cr continued to rise. Urine sediment analysis revealed granular casts, renal tubular epithelial cells and a negative Hansel's stain. Hemodialysis was initiated with Cr 13.7 mg/dl for dyspnea and dysgeusia. Subsequent laboratory data revealed 2 separate positive anti-GBM antibody titers and prednisone therapy was initiated. Renal biopsy was performed for further diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic information and demonstrated interstitial nephritis with linear IgG and albumin deposition consistent with diabetic nephropathy. Follow-up antibody titers were negative, prednisone was discontinued and Cr stabilized with conservative therapy. Anti-GBM antibody disease is characterized by circulating IgG antibodies directed against the glomerular basement membrane, specifically the alpha-3 (IV) collagen chain. Anti-GBM nephritis is a rapidly progressive, isolated glomerulonephritis in association with circulating anti-GBM antibodies. A positive immunofluorescence (IF) test is considered diagnostic in the appropriate clinical setting. Therapies include immunosuppressive agents to suppress new antibody production and plasmapheresis to eliminate circulating antibodies. Anti-GBM antibody is not rapidly cleared by steroid therapy and the recovery of renal function is rare if initiation Cr is greater than 7 mg/dl. This case demonstrates that the current ELISA for alpha-3 (IV) collagen is not pathognomonic for anti-GBM nephritis and that renal biopsy with IF for IgG and albumin may be indicated to prevent administration of potentially toxic treatment. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Nephrol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. RP DeAngelo, AJ (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Nephrol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 2 PU DUSTRI-VERLAG DR KARL FEISTLE PI DEISENHOFEN-MUENCHEN PA BAHNHOFSTRASSE 9 POSTFACH 49, D-82032 DEISENHOFEN-MUENCHEN, GERMANY SN 0301-0430 J9 CLIN NEPHROL JI Clin. Nephrol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 57 IS 5 BP 381 EP 385 PG 5 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 546HK UT WOS:000175268500010 ER PT J AU Nguyen, DT Morakinyo, T AF Nguyen, DT Morakinyo, T TI Discordant Tc-99m depreotide and F-18FDG imaging in a patient with poorly differentiated small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma SO CLINICAL NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material DE F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose; small-cell carcinoma; Tc-99m depreotide ID POSITRON-EMISSION-TOMOGRAPHY; SOLITARY PULMONARY NODULES; LUNG NODULES; PET AB An 80-year-old man reported chronic shortness of breath of several years' duration. Computed tomography (CT) showed a large right upper lobe (RUL) mass and a heterogeneous left adrenal mass. Chest scintigraphy with Tc-99m depreotide revealed foci of intense uptake corresponding to areas of soft tissue masses on the CT scan. Positron-emission tomography (PET) scanning with F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) confirmed tumor activity in the right upper lobe, but no focus of increased activity was seen in the left adrenal gland. Histologic analysis of tissue specimens from the RUL mass indicated poorly differentiated small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma. The disparity in the scintigraphic examinations suggests possible false-positive tumor activity of the left adrenal gland with depreotide, because increased proliferation rates and metabolic activity in a malignant lesion would be expected to indicate accumulation of FDG. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Nucl Med, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Nguyen, DT (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Nucl Med, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0363-9762 J9 CLIN NUCL MED JI Clin. Nucl. Med. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 27 IS 5 BP 373 EP 375 DI 10.1097/00003072-200205000-00018 PG 3 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 545KY UT WOS:000175217500018 PM 11953580 ER PT J AU Lesho, E Braun, L Coots, N Ozguc, O Ciobanu, M Fitzpatrick, L AF Lesho, E Braun, L Coots, N Ozguc, O Ciobanu, M Fitzpatrick, L TI Disease prevalence among Moldovan orphans and other considerations for future humanitarian aid SO CLINICAL PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID IRON-DEFICIENCY; CHILDREN; HEALTH C1 USA, Med Act, Heidelberg, Germany. RP Lesho, E (reprint author), USA, Med Act, CMR 442,Box 594, APO, AE 09042 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WESTMINSTER PUBL INC PI GLEN HEAD PA 708 GLEN COVE AVE, GLEN HEAD, NY 11545 USA SN 0009-9228 J9 CLIN PEDIATR JI Clin. Pediatr. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 41 IS 4 BP 235 EP 237 DI 10.1177/000992280204100407 PG 3 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 552PV UT WOS:000175629500006 PM 12041720 ER PT J AU Tenbrock, K Schubert, A Stapenhorst, L Kemper, MJ Gellermann, J Timmermann, K Muller-Wiefel, DE Querfeld, U Hoppe, B Michalk, D AF Tenbrock, K Schubert, A Stapenhorst, L Kemper, MJ Gellermann, J Timmermann, K Muller-Wiefel, DE Querfeld, U Hoppe, B Michalk, D TI Type I IgE receptor, interleukin 4 receptor and interleukin 13 polymorphisms in children with nephrotic syndrome SO CLINICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE atopy; IgE receptor; IL4 receptor; IL13; nephrotic syndrome; polymorphism ID IMMUNOGLOBULIN-E RECEPTOR; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; GENETIC-VARIANTS; ILE50VAL VARIANT; BETA-SUBUNIT; CUTTING EDGE; ALPHA-CHAIN; ATOPY; ASTHMA; IL-4 AB Polymorphisms in the genes encoding the high-affinity IgE receptor, the interleukin 4 (IL4) receptor and IL13 can be associated with the development of asthma and allergy. Although several studies have described an association between atopy and idiopathic childhood nephrotic syndrome(NS), it is not clear whether this association is of a causal nature. Furthermore, it is not known whether these polymorphisms are associated with the clinical course of NS. A total of 84 children (52 male and 32 female; mean age 12.1 years) with INS were included in the present study. Of these, 78 could be classified as either atopic or non-atopic. Atopy was defined by elevated IgE levels (> 100 k-units/l) and/or a positive history of atopy (33 of 78 patients). DNA was extracted from blood collected in EDTA tubes, and polymorphisms at positions 50 and 551 of the IL4 receptor, position 110 of ILI3 and position 181 of the high-affinity IgE receptor were investigated by sequence-specific PCR or direct sequencing. Although we noted a strong tendency towards a higher allele frequency of polymorphisms in children with atopy and NIS compared with children with NIS but without atopy (IL4 50, 30% compared with 18%; IL4 551, 39% compared with 31%; IL13 110, 45% compared with 33%; IgE 181, 12% compared with 13%), these differences did not reach statistical significance. There were no differences in the frequency of polymorphisms between the different clinical courses of NIS (frequent relapsers, steroid-dependent or steroid-resistant NIS). We conclude that polymorphisms in the IL4 receptor, the high-affinity IgE receptor and IL13 do not seem to predict the clinical course of NIS, despite the fact that serum IgE elevations are more frequent in patients with NS than in normal control subjects. The investigated polymorphisms may contribute to the IgE switch in patients with NIS. C1 Univ Cologne, Childrens Hosp, Dept Paediat Nephrol, D-50933 Cologne, Germany. Univ Hamburg, Childrens Hosp, Dept Paediat Nephrol, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany. Charite Univ Hosp, Dept Paediat Nephrol, D-13353 Berlin, Germany. RP Tenbrock, K (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, MCR, Dept Cellular Injury, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 36 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU PORTLAND PRESS PI LONDON PA 59 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON W1N 3AJ, ENGLAND SN 0143-5221 J9 CLIN SCI JI Clin. Sci. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 102 IS 5 BP 507 EP 512 DI 10.1042/CS20010229 PG 6 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 550DD UT WOS:000175487600005 PM 11980568 ER PT J AU Kupres, K Rasmussen, SE Albertini, JG AF Kupres, K Rasmussen, SE Albertini, JG TI Perforation rates for nonsterile examination gloves in routine dermatologic procedures SO DERMATOLOGIC SURGERY LA English DT Article ID OPHTHALMIC SURGERY AB BACKGROUND. Low cost, nonsterile examination gloves are used routinely to perform various dermatologic procedures. OBJECTIVE. To evaluate the perforation rate of nonsterile examination gloves in routine dermatologic procedures. METHODS. Three hundred fifty nonsterile latex examination gloves used to perform shave biopsies were evaluated for perforations using an air inflation/water submersion method. Ninety gloves, which were intentionally perforated with a 30-gauge needle, were used as controls to assess our evaluation method. RESULTS. Eight of the 350 gloves were found to have a perforation, which corresponds to a 2.3% perforation rate. Seven of the eight perforations were found in the web space between the second and third finger sleeves, with one being an obvious manufacturing error. All 90 perforations of the control group were correctly identified. CONCLUSION. There appears to be a very low risk of glove perforation when nonsterile examination gloves are used in routine dermatologic procedures. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Albertini, JG (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 1076-0512 J9 DERMATOL SURG JI Dermatol. Surg. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 28 IS 5 BP 388 EP 389 DI 10.1046/j.1524-4725.2002.01216.x PG 2 WC Dermatology; Surgery SC Dermatology; Surgery GA 556RF UT WOS:000175862200005 PM 12030869 ER PT J AU Zhang, SS Xu, K Jow, TR AF Zhang, SS Xu, K Jow, TR TI Formation of solid electrolyte interface in lithium nickel mixed oxide electrodes during the first cycling SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION; INTERCALATION AB We studied irreversible capacity and solid electrolyte interface (SEI) formation in lithium nickel mixed oxide in the first charge and discharge cycle. Initial capacity loss mainly originates from two irreversible processes; structural change and reactions between electrode active materials and electrolyte components. Upon contact of the electrode with electrolyte, the reactions spontaneously take place and result in an instantaneous formation of SEI film, whose ionic conductivity changes considerably in the subsequent charge and discharge cycle. According to the change of ionic conductivity, formation of SEI film during the first charge can be roughly divided into two voltage regions, below 3.4 V, at which a highly resistive SEI film is continuously grown, and between 3.4 and 3.8 V, at which a highly conductive SEI film is formed. The high conductivity of SEI film remains nearly invariant as the cell is cycled between 3.8 and 4.3 V, while falling significantly as the cell is discharged to 3.4 V and lower. (C) 2002 The Electrochemical Society. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Zhang, SS (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Zhang, Sheng/A-4456-2012; Xu, Kang/C-6054-2013 OI Zhang, Sheng/0000-0003-4435-4110; NR 14 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 4 U2 23 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 5 IS 5 BP A92 EP A94 DI 10.1149/1.1464506 PG 3 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 547CH UT WOS:000175315100003 ER PT J AU Darling, RG AF Darling, RG TI Preface - Bioterrorism SO EMERGENCY MEDICINE CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Aeromed Isolat Team, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Containment Ctr, Operat Med Div, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Darling, RG (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Aeromed Isolat Team, 1425 Porter St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0733-8627 J9 EMERG MED CLIN N AM JI Emerg. Med. Clin. N. Am. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 20 IS 2 BP XIX EP XXI AR PII S0733-8627(02)00006-8 PG 3 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 573JX UT WOS:000176827300002 ER PT J AU Noah, DL Huebner, KD Darling, RG Waeckerle, JF AF Noah, DL Huebner, KD Darling, RG Waeckerle, JF TI The history and threat of biological warfare and terrorism SO EMERGENCY MEDICINE CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID CONTAMINATION; OUTBREAK AB Biological agents have long been used during warfare. Recently they have become instruments of terror, effective in many ways-even as hoaxes. This article reviews some of the more notable examples of the use of biological agents in warfare and terrorism and discusses the current threat in the shadow of the events of September 11, 2001. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Operat Med Div, Epidemiol & Publ Hlth Dept,USAF, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. USA, Emergency Med Residency Program, Darnall Army Community Hosp, Ft Hood, TX 76544 USA. USN, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. USA, Aeromed Isolat Team & Containment Care, Operat Med Div, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Univ Missouri, Sch Med, Leawood, KS 66224 USA. RP Noah, DL (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Operat Med Div, Epidemiol & Publ Hlth Dept,USAF, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 38 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 5 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0733-8627 J9 EMERG MED CLIN N AM JI Emerg. Med. Clin. N. Am. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 20 IS 2 BP 255 EP + AR PII S0733-8627(01)00002-5 DI 10.1016/S0733-8627(01)00002-5 PG 18 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 573JX UT WOS:000176827300003 PM 12120479 ER PT J AU Darling, RG Catlett, CL Huebner, KD Jarrett, DG AF Darling, RG Catlett, CL Huebner, KD Jarrett, DG TI Threats in bioterrorism I: CDC category A agents SO EMERGENCY MEDICINE CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Review ID PUBLIC-HEALTH MANAGEMENT; INHALATIONAL ANTHRAX; FRANCISELLA-TULARENSIS; BIOLOGICAL WARFARE; UNITED-STATES; TULAREMIA; OUTBREAK; TERRORISM; CIPROFLOXACIN; RECOGNITION AB There are many naturally occurring pathogens with characteristics and traits that make them suitable for development into biological weapons. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has created a list of "Critical Biological Agents," and has placed each, pathogen into one of three categories: A, B, or C. "A" agents comprise a group of six pathogens whose intentional release into a population would cause grave harm to that population and place extraordinary stress on the medical and public health systems as responders attempt to manage the ensuing crisis. These six agents are discussed in this article. C1 USN, Aeromed Isolat Team & Containment Care, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. USA, Operat Med Div, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ Hosp, Dept Emergency Med, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. Darnall Army Community Hosp, Ft Hood, TX 76544 USA. RP Darling, RG (reprint author), USN, Aeromed Isolat Team & Containment Care, 1425 Porter St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 105 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 11 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0733-8627 J9 EMERG MED CLIN N AM JI Emerg. Med. Clin. N. Am. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 20 IS 2 BP 273 EP + AR PII S0733-8627(02)00005-6 DI 10.1016/S0733-8627(02)00005-6 PG 38 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 573JX UT WOS:000176827300004 PM 12120480 ER PT J AU Pavlin, JA Gilchrist, MJR Osweiler, GD Woollen, NE AF Pavlin, JA Gilchrist, MJR Osweiler, GD Woollen, NE TI Diagnostic analyses of biological agent-caused syndromes: laboratory and technical assistance SO EMERGENCY MEDICINE CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID PUBLIC-HEALTH MANAGEMENT; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; WEAPON; BIOTERRORISM AB Early diagnosis and treatment are essential in order to reduce morbidity and mortality as the result of a bioterrorism incident. Without quick and accurate diagnoses most of the initial victims of such an attack will go unrecognized until after many more patients present with similar symptoms or until their illness proves fatal. This article provides an overview of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Laboratory Response Network and a brief description of the most important laboratory tests and procedures that should be familiar to emergency care providers when faced with a bioterrorism event. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Univ Iowa, Hyg Lab, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Vet Diagnost Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Diagnost Syst Div, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Pavlin, JA (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0733-8627 J9 EMERG MED CLIN N AM JI Emerg. Med. Clin. N. Am. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 20 IS 2 BP 331 EP + AR PII S0733-8627(01)00004-9 DI 10.1016/S0733-8627(01)00004-9 PG 21 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 573JX UT WOS:000176827300006 PM 12120482 ER PT J AU Henretig, FM Cieslak, TJ Kortepeter, MG Fleisher, GR AF Henretig, FM Cieslak, TJ Kortepeter, MG Fleisher, GR TI Medical management of the suspected victim of bioterrorism: an algorithmic approach to the undifferentiated patient SO EMERGENCY MEDICINE CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID PUBLIC-HEALTH MANAGEMENT; BIOLOGICAL WEAPON AB Emergency health care providers (EHCPs) will be on the front lines of defense as a bioterrorism incident evolves, Early diagnosis and aggressive management are imperative for a controlled response and may result in more lives saved and greater preservation of critical infrastructure. Early diagnosis, however, may be difficult since most EHCPs have little experience with many of the more serious biological agents, and the early clinical presentations of those diseases may be undifferentiated or resemble common, more benign syndromes. This article presents an algorithmic approach to the early recognition and initial management of a potential attack with an unknown biological agent. C1 Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Div Emergenct Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Dept Pediat, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Childrens Hosp, Div Emergency Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Henretig, FM (reprint author), Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Div Emergenct Med, 34th St & Civic Ctr Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0733-8627 J9 EMERG MED CLIN N AM JI Emerg. Med. Clin. N. Am. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 20 IS 2 BP 351 EP + AR PII S0733-8627(01)00005-0 DI 10.1016/S0733-8627(01)00005-0 PG 15 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 573JX UT WOS:000176827300007 PM 12120483 ER PT J AU Benedek, DM Holloway, HC Becker, SM AF Benedek, DM Holloway, HC Becker, SM TI Emergency mental health management in bioterrorism events SO EMERGENCY MEDICINE CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID STRESS-DISORDER; SEX-DIFFERENCES; PSYCHIATRY; TERRORISM; DISASTER; ANXIETY; AGENTS AB A bioterrorism event will result in neuropsychiatric and behavioral symptoms not only in persons directly exposed to the biological agents but also in other members of the community including medical personnel and other emergency responders. Medical managers must incorporate general knowledge of the traumatic stress response and an understanding of specific properties of biological agents when planning emergency mental health management of such an event. Well-developed intelligence, rehearsed triage and treatment protocols, and robust public information and communication strategies will positively influence the manner in which the event is perceived by the affected population and, thereby, vitiate neuropsychiatric sequelae. Medical managers should incorporate conservative pharmacologic and evidence-based behavior and psychosocial treatment strategies into the overall medical response. Doing so will maintain the efficiency of the overall response by providing the community with an environment that promotes recovery and enhances the capacity of leaders and decision makers to focus on responsibilities under exceptionally demanding circumstances. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Forens Psychiat Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Psychiat, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Univ Alabama, Ctr Disaster Preparedness, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RP Benedek, DM (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Forens Psychiat Serv, Bldg 6,Borden Pavil, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 27 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 4 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0733-8627 J9 EMERG MED CLIN N AM JI Emerg. Med. Clin. N. Am. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 20 IS 2 BP 393 EP + AR PII S0733-8627(01)00007-4 DI 10.1016/S0733-8627(01)00007-4 PG 16 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 573JX UT WOS:000176827300009 PM 12120485 ER PT J AU Schultz, CH Mothershead, JL Field, M AF Schultz, CH Mothershead, JL Field, M TI Bioterrorism preparedness I: the emergency department and hospital SO EMERGENCY MEDICINE CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID READINESS AB Hospitals will bear the burden of responsibility in caring for victims of a bioterrorism attack, and will likely be overwhelmed by casualties in any event of significant magnitude. Planning for such an event requires an "all-hazards" approach, with special emphasis on certain elements that are unique to bioterrorism response. This article uses the newly established Environment of Care Standards set by the joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations as a basis for describing essential elements of a hospital disaster response plan to respond to this threat. C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Med Ctr, Emergency Dept, Orange, CA 92668 USA. USN, Navy Environm Hlth Ctr, Emergency Med Serv & Prehosp Care, Norfolk, VA 23513 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Operat Med Div, Charles Town, WV 25414 USA. RP Schultz, CH (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Med Ctr, Emergency Dept, 128 Route,101 City Dr, Orange, CA 92668 USA. NR 31 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 4 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0733-8627 J9 EMERG MED CLIN N AM JI Emerg. Med. Clin. N. Am. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 20 IS 2 BP 437 EP + AR PII S0733-8627(02)00003-2 DI 10.1016/S0733-8627(02)00003-2 PG 20 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 573JX UT WOS:000176827300011 PM 12120486 ER PT J AU Jones, J Terndrup, TE Franz, DR Eitzen, EM AF Jones, J Terndrup, TE Franz, DR Eitzen, EM TI Future challenges in preparing for and responding to bioterrorism events SO EMERGENCY MEDICINE CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SUBWAY SARIN ATTACK; PUBLIC-HEALTH INFRASTRUCTURE; DISASTER MANAGEMENT; SEVERE SEPSIS; INHALATIONAL ANTHRAX; BIOLOGICAL TERRORISM; MASS DESTRUCTION; SEPTIC SHOCK; PREPAREDNESS; CASUALTIES AB Bioterrorism represents one of the great challenges of our day. Fortunately, recent advances in biotechnology promise new developments in clinical and laboratory diagnostics, recombinant vaccines, antiviral drugs, and environmental detection. This article discusses some of the latest advances and future challenges in responding to bioterrorism. C1 Univ Alabama, Dept Gen Internal Med, Birmingham, AL 35249 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Emergency Med, Birmingham, AL 35249 USA. So Res Inst, Chem & Biol Def Div, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Jones, J (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Gen Internal Med, 619 South 19th St,MEB 608, Birmingham, AL 35249 USA. FU PHS HHS [290-00-0022] NR 73 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0733-8627 J9 EMERG MED CLIN N AM JI Emerg. Med. Clin. N. Am. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 20 IS 2 BP 501 EP + AR PII S0733-8627(01)00010-4 DI 10.1016/S0733-8627(01)00010-4 PG 25 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 573JX UT WOS:000176827300014 PM 12120489 ER PT J AU Chhour, YM Ruble, G Hong, R Minn, K Kdan, Y Sok, T Nisalak, A Myint, KSA Vaughn, DW Endy, TP AF Chhour, YM Ruble, G Hong, R Minn, K Kdan, Y Sok, T Nisalak, A Myint, KSA Vaughn, DW Endy, TP TI Hospital-based diagnosis of hemorrhagic fever, encephalitis, and hepatitis in Cambodian children SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID DENGUE; ASIA AB Surveillance was conducted for three clinical syndromes (hemorrhagic fever, encephalitis, and hepatitis) in Cambodian children admitted to the National Pediatric Hospital in Phnom Penh from July 1996 through September 1998. Acute- and convalescent-phase sera, and cerebrospinal fluid, when applicable, underwent diagnostic evaluation for infections with Dengue virus (DENV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), and Hepatitis A, B, C, and E viruses. Of 621 children admitted with hemorrhagic fever, 499 (80%) were confirmed to have either primary or secondary DENV infection. DENV rates were as high as 10.6/100 hospital admissions in September 1998. Of 50 children with clinical encephalitis, 9 (18%) had serologic evidence of JEV infection. Forty-four children had clinical hepatitis, most (55%) due to Hepatitis A virus (HAV). One patient had Hepatitis B virus, and no patients had hepatitis C or E. This study identified a large number of children with vaccine-preventable diseases (JEV and HAV). C1 Natl Pediat Hosp, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. World Vis Int, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Endy, TP (reprint author), USA, MRIID, Div Virol, Bldg 1425,1425 Porter St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 16 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAY PY 2002 VL 8 IS 5 BP 485 EP 489 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 548XN UT WOS:000175415300007 PM 11996683 ER PT J AU Geisbert, TW Pushko, P Anderson, K Smith, J Davis, KJ Jahrling, PB AF Geisbert, TW Pushko, P Anderson, K Smith, J Davis, KJ Jahrling, PB TI Evaluation in nonhuman primates of vaccines against Ebola virus SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PROTECT GUINEA-PIGS; LASSA FEVER; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; INFECTION; MONKEYS; IMMUNIZATION; PROPHYLAXIS; APOPTOSIS; MICE AB Ebola virus (EBOV) causes acute hemorrhagic fever that is fatal in up to 90% of cases in both humans and nonhuman primates. No vaccines or treatments are available for human use. We evaluated the effects in nonhuman primates of vaccine strategies that had protected mice or guinea pigs from lethal EBOV infection. The following immunogens were used: RNA replicon particles derived from an attenuated strain of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) expressing EBOV glycoprotein and nucleoprotein; recombinant Vaccinia virus expressing EBOV glycoprotein; liposomes containing lipid A and inactivated EBOV; and a concentrated, inactivated whole-virion preparation. None of these strategies successfully protected nonhuman primates from robust challenge with EBOV. The disease observed in primates differed from that in rodents, suggesting that rodent models of EBOV may not predict the efficacy of candidate vaccines in primates and that protection of primates may require different mechanisms. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Geisbert, TW (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, 1425 Porter St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 30 TC 137 Z9 151 U1 2 U2 16 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAY PY 2002 VL 8 IS 5 BP 503 EP 507 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 548XN UT WOS:000175415300010 PM 11996686 ER PT J AU Beller, HR Tiemeier, K AF Beller, HR Tiemeier, K TI Use of liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry to detect distinctive indicators of in situ RDX transformation in contaminated groundwater SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEXAHYDRO-1,3,5-TRINITRO-1,3,5-TRIAZINE RDX; ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION; BIODEGRADATION; MINERALIZATION; DEGRADATION; EXPLOSIVES; BIOTRANSFORMATION; METABOLITES C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. USA, Operat Support Command, SOSMA, ISE, Rock Isl, IL 61299 USA. RP Beller, HR (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-542, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Beller, Harry/H-6973-2014 NR 29 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY 1 PY 2002 VL 36 IS 9 BP 2060 EP 2066 DI 10.1021/es0157696 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 547BE UT WOS:000175311900032 PM 12026993 ER PT J AU Marx, JO Gordon, SE Vos, NH Nindl, BC Gomez, AL Volek, JS Pedro, J Ratamess, N Newton, RU French, DN Rubin, MR Hakkinen, K Kraemer, WJ AF Marx, JO Gordon, SE Vos, NH Nindl, BC Gomez, AL Volek, JS Pedro, J Ratamess, N Newton, RU French, DN Rubin, MR Hakkinen, K Kraemer, WJ TI Effect of alkalosis on plasma epinephrine responses to high intensity cycle exercise in humans SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE acid-base; catecholamines; stress hormones; pH ID INDUCED METABOLIC ALKALOSIS; SODIUM-BICARBONATE; MAXIMAL EXERCISE; RACING TIME; BLOOD; PH; CATECHOLAMINES; PERFORMANCE; INGESTION; CITRATE AB The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of alkalosis on epinephrine concentrations in response to a 90 s maximal exercise test. A group of ten healthy men ingested either a bicarbonate (BS) supplement (0.3 g(.)kg(-1) of body mass of sodium bicarbonate) or placebo mixture (P) prior to performing a 90 s maximal cycle ergometer test. An indwelling Teflon cannula was placed in the antecubital vein and blood samples were drawn at three times at rest separated by 10 min, immediately following the protocol, and at 2.5, 5, and 10 min post exercise to determine plasma epinephrine concentrations. Sodium bicarbonate ingestion significantly (P<0.05) induced alkalosis both at rest [mean (SD) pH=7.42 (0.02) BS, 7.38 (0.02) P] and after the exercise protocol [pH = 7.16 (0.02) BS. 7.12 (0.02) P]. Plasma epinephrine concentrations were not significantly different immediately post exercise between the two conditions [4.2 (0.6) compared to 4.2 (0.7) pmol(.)ml(-1) in BS and P, respectively]. Work performed and power output attained were not significantly different between the two treatment conditions [mean power = 258.7 (35.1) W BS, 260.3 (35.4) W P; peak power = 534.7 (61.6) W BS, 535.7 (54.4) W P]. The primary finding of this investigation was that orally-induced alkalosis does not significantly affect plasma epinephrine concentrations or performance following 90 s of maximal cycle exercise in untrained men. C1 Univ Connecticut, Dept Kinesiol, Human Performance Lab, Unit 1110, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Penn State Univ, Lab Sports Med, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Biol Phys Activ, Neuromuscular Res Ctr, SF-40100 Jyvaskyla, Finland. Ball State Univ, Biomech Lab, Muncie, IN 47306 USA. E Carolina Univ, Human Performance Lab, Greenville, SC USA. USA, Mil Performance Div, Inst Environm Med, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Kraemer, WJ (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Kinesiol, Human Performance Lab, Unit 1110, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RI Newton, Robert/A-3466-2009 OI Newton, Robert/0000-0003-0302-6129 NR 25 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 10 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1439-6319 J9 EUR J APPL PHYSIOL JI Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 87 IS 1 BP 72 EP 77 DI 10.1007/s00421-002-0591-7 PG 6 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA 560GD UT WOS:000176073600010 PM 12012079 ER PT J AU Kim, IY Lee, C Li, P Corner, BD Paquette, S AF Kim, IY Lee, C Li, P Corner, BD Paquette, S TI Investigation of air gaps entrapped in protective clothing systems SO FIRE AND MATERIALS LA English DT Article AB Air gaps entrapped in protective clothing are known as one of the major factors affecting heat transfer through multiple layers of flexible clothing fabrics. The identification and quantification of the air gaps are two aspects of a multidisciplinary research effort directed toward improving the flame/thermal protective performance of the clothing. Today's three-dimensional (3-D) whole body digitizers, which provide accurate representations of the surface of the human body, can be a novel means for visualizing and quantifying the air gaps between the wearer and his clothing. In this paper we discuss how images from a 3-D whole body digitizer are used to determine local and global distributions of air gaps and the quantification of air gap sizes in single and multilayer clothing systems dressed on a thermal manikin. Examples are given that show concordance between air gap distributions and burn patterns obtained from full-scale manikin fire tests. We finish with a discussion of the application of air gap information to bench-scale testing to improve the protective performance of current flame/thermal protective clothing. Copyright (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 USA, Soldier & Biol Chem Command, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Geocenters Inc, Newton, MA 02459 USA. RP Kim, IY (reprint author), USA, SBCCOM, AMSSB RIB M, Kansa St, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 8 TC 37 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 14 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0308-0501 J9 FIRE MATER JI Fire Mater. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 26 IS 3 BP 121 EP 126 DI 10.1002/fam.790 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 624HR UT WOS:000179754700003 ER PT J AU Biddle, S AF Biddle, S TI The new way of war? Debating the Kosovo model SO FOREIGN AFFAIRS LA English DT Review AB What happened in Kosovo, and what lessons can be learned from it? Three new books examine the conflict and its influence on how America fights. But as scholars debate the recent past, the new war on terror may rewrite military textbooks once again. C1 Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. USA, War Coll Strateg Studies Inst, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Biddle, S (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU COUNC FOREIGN RELAT INC PI NEW YORK PA 58 E 68TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0015-7120 J9 FOREIGN AFF JI Foreign Aff. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 81 IS 3 BP 138 EP + DI 10.2307/20033168 PG 10 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA 541HB UT WOS:000174978200011 ER PT J AU Roberts, MJ Tweed, FS Russell, AJ Knudsen, O Lawson, DE Larson, GJ Evenson, EB Bjornsson, H AF Roberts, MJ Tweed, FS Russell, AJ Knudsen, O Lawson, DE Larson, GJ Evenson, EB Bjornsson, H TI Glaciohydraulic supercooling in Iceland SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE jokulhlaups; glaciofluvial sedimentation; accretion; hydraulic fracturing; Iceland ID LAURENTIDE ICE-SHEET; FREEZE-ON MECHANISM; RICH BASAL ICE; MATANUSKA GLACIER; ALASKA; SKEIDARARJOKULL; JOKULHLAUPS; DEPOSITION; USA AB We present evidence of glaciohydraulic supercooling under jokulhlaup and ablation-dominated conditions from two temperate Icelandic glaciers. Observations show that freezing of sediment-laden meltwater leads to intraglacial debris entrainment during normal and extreme hydrologic regimes. Intraglacial frazil ice propagation under normal ablation-dominated conditions can trap copious volumes of sediment, which forms anomalously thick sections of debris-rich ice. Glaciohydraulic supercooling plays an important role in intraglacial debris entrainment and should be given more attention in models of basal ice development. Extreme jokulhlaup conditions can result in significant intraglacial sediment accretion by supercooling, which may explain the concentration of englacial sediments deposited in Heinrich layers in the North Atlantic during the last glaciation. C1 Staffordshire Univ, Dept Geog, Stoke On Trent ST4 2DE, Staffs, England. Univ Keele, Sch Earth Sci & Geog, Keele ST5 5BG, Staffs, England. Klettur Consulting Engineers, IS-112 Reykjavik, Iceland. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Anchorage, AK 99505 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Lehigh Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Iceland, Inst Sci, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland. RP Roberts, MJ (reprint author), Iceland Meteorol Off, Bustaoavegur 9, IS-103 Reykjavik, Iceland. OI Tweed, Fiona/0000-0002-4299-6788 NR 21 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 14 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD MAY PY 2002 VL 30 IS 5 BP 439 EP 442 DI 10.1130/0091-7613(2002)030<0439:GSII>2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 551UC UT WOS:000175579300013 ER PT J AU Perovich, DK Elder, B AF Perovich, DK Elder, B TI Estimates of ocean heat flux at SHEBA SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEA-ICE AB [1] Observations of sea ice mass balance and temperature made during the year-long Surface HEat Budget of the Arctic Ocean (SHEBA) field experiment were used to calculate monthly estimates of the ocean heat flux for a variety of ice types. The ocean heat flux displayed a strong seasonal cycle, with values of a few W m(-2) from October through June followed by a steady increase in June and July. By the end of July the the ocean heat flux for undeformed ice reached a peak value of about 33 W m(-2) during a period of substantial ice motion. The annual average ocean heat flux for multiyear ice ranged from 7.5 W m(-2) for undeformed ice to 10.4 W m(-2) for a melt pond to 12.4 W m(-2) for an old ridge. Annual averages measured at SHEBA were more than twice as large as values observed in 1975 during AIDJEX. C1 CRREL, ERDC, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP CRREL, ERDC, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 16 TC 38 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 1 PY 2002 VL 29 IS 9 AR 1344 DI 10.1029/2001GL014171 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 609DH UT WOS:000178888000019 ER PT J AU Smith, HO Qualls, CR Romero, AA Webb, JC Dorin, MH Padilla, LA Key, CR AF Smith, HO Qualls, CR Romero, AA Webb, JC Dorin, MH Padilla, LA Key, CR TI Is there a difference in survival for IA1 and IA2 adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix? SO GYNECOLOGIC ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Gynecologic-Oncologists CY MAR 03-07, 2001 CL NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE SP Soc Gynecol Oncologists DE adenocarcinoma; cervix; microinvasive; hysterectomy; FIGO IA1; IA2 disease ID EARLY INVASIVE ADENOCARCINOMA; STAGE-I ADENOCARCINOMA; LYMPH-NODE METASTASES; MICROINVASIVE ADENOCARCINOMA; PROGNOSTIC FACTORS; SQUAMOUS-CELL; CARCINOMA; SITU; MANAGEMENT; INSITU AB Objective. The goal of this study was to determine if International Federation of Obstetrics and Gynecology (FIGO) subdivision into IA1 versus IA2 is predictive of survival differences for early invasive adenocarcinoma. Methods. The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End-Results (SEER) Public-Use Database was used to identify all cases of IA1 and IA2 adenocarcinoma diagnosed between 1983 and 1997. A systematic literature search (MEDLINE 1966-2000) was used to identify all previously published cases. Stage, depth of invasion, node status, therapy, and survival were analyzed using Fisher's exact and log-rank tests. Results. In SEER, 560 cases were identified: 200 IA1, 286 IA2, and 74 localized. Simple hysterectomy was performed in 272 (48.6%) and radical hysterectomy in 210 (37.5%). Positive lymph nodes were found in 3 of 197 (1.5%) who underwent lymphadenectomy, 2 of whom died. The censored survival by stage (mean follow-up 51.6 months) was not significantly different (P = 0.77) for IA1 versus IA2 (98.5% vs 98.6%). Combining these data wit all other published series of early cervical adenocarcinoma' 1170 cases were identified, including 585 IA1, 358 IA2, and 227 "others," with less defined early disease. Of 531 (45.4%) who underwent lymphadenectomy, 15 (1.28%) had one or more positive nodes; of these, 11 (73.3%) recurred or died. For IA1 versus IA2 disease, there were no significant differences in the frequency of positive lymph nodes, recurrence, or death. However, "others," those with less well-defined lesions, or larger than IA2, were at increased risk. Conclusion. Early invasive adenocarcinoma (IA1 and IA2) has an excellent prognosis and conservative surgery may be appropriate. Since current FIGO staging definitions do not distinguish high- from low-risk disease, individualization of therapy based on pathology review, risk assessment, and patient preference is recommended. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 Univ New Mexico, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ New Mexico, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Math & Stat, Clin Res Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Univ New Mexico, Hlth Sci Ctr, New Mexico Tumor Registry, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ New Mexico, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pathol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Smith, HO (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, 2211 Lomas Blvd NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. NR 63 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0090-8258 J9 GYNECOL ONCOL JI Gynecol. Oncol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 85 IS 2 BP 229 EP 241 DI 10.1006/gyno.2002.6635 PG 13 WC Oncology; Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Oncology; Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 550UX UT WOS:000175522800001 PM 11972381 ER PT J AU Zhang, ZJ Sorensen, RK Yun, ZQ Iskander, MF Harvey, JF AF Zhang, ZJ Sorensen, RK Yun, ZQ Iskander, MF Harvey, JF TI A ray-tracing approach for indoor/outdoor propagation through window structures SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE diffraction; propagation; ray tracing ID SIGHT STREET MICROCELLS; MODEL; PREDICTIONS AB A ray-tracing approach for indoor/outdoor propagation through windows is proposed. Using both the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method and a ray-tracing algorithm, several cases of indoor/outdoor propagation through windows were investigated. It is shown that wave transmission through windows cannot generally be accounted for through a single transmission coefficient parameter. Instead, a full diffraction pattern needs to be accounted for and multiple-ray representation is therefore required. It is also shown that a single window model may be used to calculate transmission through set of windows in a typical building structure as a building block. Results from the implementation of a multiple-ray representation and FDTD simulations showed good agreement. Results were validated for both normal and oblique incident cases. The developed ray-tracing approach, therefore, facilitates the use of the developed window model in available ray-tracing algorithms often used for propagation characterization of urban environments. Simulation results were further validated by conducting measurements on scaled models at 30 GHz. The experimental results agreed well with the simulation data, thus validating the accuracy of the developed ray-tracing model for transmission through windows. C1 Univ Hawaii Manoa, Coll Engn, Hawaii Ctr Adv Commun, Honolulu, HI USA. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Zhang, ZJ (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Coll Engn, Hawaii Ctr Adv Commun, Honolulu, HI USA. RI Zhang, Zhijun/K-4344-2012 OI Zhang, Zhijun/0000-0002-8421-2419 NR 15 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 50 IS 5 BP 742 EP 749 AR PII S0018-926X(02)05455-8 DI 10.1109/TAP.2002.1011242 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 565LL UT WOS:000176371700023 ER PT J AU Schumacher, J Welch, D AF Schumacher, J Welch, D TI Educating leaders in information assurance SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON EDUCATION LA English DT Article DE active learning; cyberwarfare; education; hacking; information assurance; security AB Information assurance is a new and rapidly evolving field. The best way to prepare professionals for the information age in light of the increasing security threat is not clear. There is an attempt to educate future leaders in information assurance at the undergraduate level. At this level, the authors found two distinct types of students and determined their needs could be met only with separate courses. A course was developed for nontechnical majors that focuses on strategy and policy, but with a strong technical component. The course for computer science majors is highly technical, but does not neglect the strategy, policy, ethics, and laws of information warfare. In both courses, the authors have relied heavily on active learning activities, reducing the content, and focusing on teaching the students how to teach themselves. Each course culminated in a major project that required the students to demonstrate mastery of the course objectives. The accomplishment of course goals was extremely successful. These courses can be models for information assurance education at other undergraduate institutions. C1 US Mil Acad, Informat Technol Program, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, W Point, NY 10996 USA. US Mil Acad, Off Dean, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Schumacher, J (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Informat Technol Program, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9359 J9 IEEE T EDUC JI IEEE Trans. Educ. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 45 IS 2 BP 194 EP 201 AR PII S0018-9359(02)05047-1 DI 10.1109/TE.2002.1013887 PG 8 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA 568FX UT WOS:000176532700015 ER PT J AU Retter, CT AF Retter, CT TI An average weight-distance enumerator for binary expansions of Reed-Solomon codes SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION THEORY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory and Its Applications CY NOV 05-08, 2000 CL HONOLULU, HAWAII SP IEEE DE list decoding; Reed-Solomon codes; weight enumerator AB An average Hamming weight enumerator is derived for the codewords at each Hamming distance from a received pattern in the set of all possible binary expansions of a Reed-Solomon code. Since these codes may be decoded by list decoders, such as those recently studied by Sudan, the enumerator can be used to estimate the average number of codewords in the list returned by such a decoder. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL CI CN, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Retter, CT (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL CI CN, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9448 J9 IEEE T INFORM THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory PD MAY PY 2002 VL 48 IS 5 BP 1195 EP 1200 AR PII S0018-9448(02)02799-2 DI 10.1109/18.995649 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 541DX UT WOS:000174970900014 ER PT J AU LeClaire, RD Hunt, RE Bavari, S AF LeClaire, RD Hunt, RE Bavari, S TI Protection against bacterial superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin B by passive vaccination SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID CLASS-II MOLECULES; BINDING; ANTIGEN; VACCINES; PEPTIDE; SHOCK; HLA AB We investigated the ability of two overlapping fragments of staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB), which encompass the whole toxin, to induce protection and also examined if passive transfer of chicken anti-SEB antibodies raised against the holotoxin could protect rhesus monkeys against aerosolized SEB. Although both fragments of SEB were highly immunogenic. the fragments failed to protect mice whether they were injected separately or injected together. Passive transfer of antibody generated in chickens (immunoglobulin Y [IgY]) against the whole toxin suppressed cytokine responses and was protective in mice. All rhesus monkeys treated with the IgY specific for SEB up to 4 h after challenge survived lethal SEB aerosol exposure. These findings suggest that large fragments of SEB may not be ideal for productive vaccination, but passive transfer of SEB-specific antibodies protects nonhuman primates against lethal aerosol challenge. Thus, antibodies raised in chickens against the holotoxin may have potential therapeutic value within a therapeutic window of opportunity after SEB encounter. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Dept Biochem & Cell Biol, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. Med Res & Evaluat Facil, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. RP Bavari, S (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Dept Biochem & Cell Biol, 1425 Porter St, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. NR 22 TC 69 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 70 IS 5 BP 2278 EP 2281 DI 10.1128/IAI.70.5.2278-2281.2002 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 543NH UT WOS:000175107700005 PM 11953360 ER PT J AU Collins, LV Eriksson, K Ulrich, RG Tarkowski, A AF Collins, LV Eriksson, K Ulrich, RG Tarkowski, A TI Mucosal tolerance to a bacterial superantigen indicates a novel pathway to prevent toxic shock SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID STAPHYLOCOCCAL-ENTEROTOXIN-B; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; ORAL TOLERANCE; T-CELLS; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; LETHAL SHOCK; MICE; INTERLEUKIN-10; RESPONSES; INDUCTION AB Enterotoxins with superantigenic properties secreted during systemic Staphylococcus aureus infection are responsible for toxic shock. We show that intranasal administration of staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA), but not a recombinant SEA lacking superantigenic activity, protected mice against lethal systemic SEA challenge. Protection was superantigen specific since intranasal exposure to SEA would not protect against death caused by subsequent toxic shock syndrome toxin I systemic challenge. Protection was neither due to selective depletion of SEA-specific T-cell receptor Vbeta families nor due to production of neutralizing anti-SEA antibodies. Importantly, the production of interleukin 10 (IL-10) induced by "tolerization" (that is, by the induction of immunological tolerance) contributed to the observed protection against lethal superantigen-triggered disease. In support of this notion we found that (i) significantly increased levels of IL-10 in sera of "tolerized" animals (that is, animals rendered tolerant) and (ii) IL-10(-/-) mice could not he tolerized by. mucosal SEA administration. Altogether, this is the first study, to show that mucosal tolerance to a superantigen is readily triggered by, means of immunodeviation. C1 Gothenburg Univ, Dept Rheumatol, S-41346 Gothenburg, Sweden. Gothenburg Univ, Dept Med Microbiol & Immunol, S-41346 Gothenburg, Sweden. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Lab Mol Immunol, Frederick, MD USA. RP Collins, LV (reprint author), Gothenburg Univ, Dept Rheumatol, Guldhedsgatan 10A, S-41346 Gothenburg, Sweden. NR 30 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 70 IS 5 BP 2282 EP 2287 DI 10.1128/IAI.70.5.2282-2287.2002 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 543NH UT WOS:000175107700006 PM 11953361 ER PT J AU Sciuto, AM Lee, RB Forster, JS Cascio, MB Clapp, DL Moran, TS AF Sciuto, AM Lee, RB Forster, JS Cascio, MB Clapp, DL Moran, TS TI Temporal changes in respiratory dynamics in mice exposed to phosgene SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACUTE LUNG INJURY; PULMONARY-EDEMA; POSTEXPOSURE TREATMENT; IBUPROFEN; AMINOPHYLLINE AB One hallmark of phosgene inhalation toxicity is the latent formation of life-threatening, noncardiogenic pulmonary edema. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of phosgene inhalation on respiratory dynamics over 12 h. CD-1 male mice, 25-30 g, were exposed to 32 mg/m(3) (8 ppm) phosgene for 20 min (640 mg min/m(3)) followed by a 5-min air washout. A similar group of mice was exposed to room air for 25 min. After exposure, conscious mice were placed unrestrained in a whole-body plethysmograph to determine breathing frequency (f), inspiration (Ti) and expiration (Te) times, tidal volume ( TV), minute ventilation ( MV), end inspiratory pause (EIP), end expiratory (EEP) pause, peak inspiratory flows (PIF), peak expiratory flows (PEF), and a measure of bronchoconstriction ( Penh). All parameters were evaluated every 15 min for 12 h. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) protein concentration and lung wet/dry weight ratios (W/D) were also determined at 1, 4, 8, and 12 h. A treatment x time repeated-measures two-way analysis of variance ( ANOVA) revealed significant differences between air and phosgene for EEP, EIP, PEF, PIF, TV, and MV, p less than or equal to. 05, across 12 h. Phosgene-exposed mice had a significantly longer mean Ti, p less than or equal to. 05, compared with air-exposed mice over time. Mice exposed to phosgene showed marked increases ( approximately double) in Penh across all time points, beginning at 5 h, when compared with air-exposed mice, p less than or equal to. 05. BALF protein, an indicator of air/blood barrier integrity, and W/D were significantly higher, 10- to 12-fold, in phosgene-exposed than in air-exposed mice 4-12 h after exposure, p less than or equal to. 001 and p less than or equal to. 05, respectively. These results indicate that exposure to phosgene causes early bronchoconstriction, a temporal obstructivelike injury pattern, and disruption of mechanical rhythm largely regulated by the progressive production of pulmonary edema on airway flow. Potential therapeutic intervention may include compounds that produce bronchodilation and mechanical ventilation support if warranted. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Pharmacol, Neurotoxicol Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Sciuto, AM (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Pharmacol, Neurotoxicol Branch, MCMR-UV-PV,3100 Ricketts Point Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 29 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 14 IS 5 BP 487 EP 501 DI 10.1080/089583701753678580 PG 15 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 547NV UT WOS:000175339400003 PM 12028804 ER PT J AU Parnell, GS Bennett, GE Engelbrecht, JA Szafranski, R AF Parnell, GS Bennett, GE Engelbrecht, JA Szafranski, R TI Improving resource allocation within the National Reconnaissance Office SO INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE decision analysis : multiple criteria AB Each year the Operational Support Office of the US National Reconnaissance Office searches for ways to provide better space-reconnaissance information to military and national leaders. We used future value analysis, a combination of three methods to assess future opportunities: (1) a strategic assessment of future opportunities and challenges, (2) a multiple-objective decision analysis using value-focused thinking, and (3) a portfolio analysis using optimization. We then developed a multiple-objective value model to communicate values, evaluate individual tasks, and develop higher value tasks. We used an optimization model to identify the best portfolio of tasks. The office used the models to identify the best tasks for its annual budget in 1998 and, with revisions, in the next two years. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Syst Engn, W Point, NY 10996 USA. Toffler Associates, Manchester, MA 01944 USA. Natl Reconnaissance Off, Operat Support Off, Chantilly, VA 20151 USA. RP Parnell, GS (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Syst Engn, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 6 PU INST OPERATIONS RESEARCH MANAGEMENT SCIENCES PI LINTHICUM HTS PA 901 ELKRIDGE LANDING RD, STE 400, LINTHICUM HTS, MD 21090-2909 USA SN 0092-2102 J9 INTERFACES JI Interfaces PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 32 IS 3 BP 77 EP 90 DI 10.1287/inte.32.3.77.40 PG 14 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 584PQ UT WOS:000177477000006 ER PT J AU Segletes, SB Walters, WP AF Segletes, SB Walters, WP TI A note on the application of the extended Bernoulli equation SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID LONG-ROD PENETRATION; MODELS AB A general form of the momentum equation is presented. Because the solution is presented as an integral along a flow line, it is here referred to as an "extended" Bernoulli equation. The equation, as presented, is valid for unsteady, compressible, rotational, elasto-viscoplastic flows measured relative to a noninertial (translationally and/or rotationally accelerating) coordinate system, whose motion is known. Though all of these concepts have long been separately addressed in the educational literature of fluid and solid mechanics and dynamics. they are usually not available from a single source, as the literature prefers to reduce the problem to special-case solutions for instructional purposes. Two examples that make use of the extended Bernoulli equation in noninertial reference frames are solved. The consequences of Failing to properly account for noninertial effects are discussed. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, WM,TD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Segletes, SB (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, WM,TD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0734-743X J9 INT J IMPACT ENG JI Int. J. Impact Eng. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 27 IS 5 BP 561 EP 576 AR PII S0734-743X(01)00153-1 DI 10.1016/S0734-743X(01)00153-1 PG 16 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 556YH UT WOS:000175876800006 ER PT J AU Allen, RD Holck, DEE Ng, JD Dacey, K Blaydon, S Demartelaere, S Scribbick, F Foster, J AF Allen, RD Holck, DEE Ng, JD Dacey, K Blaydon, S Demartelaere, S Scribbick, F Foster, J TI Synthetic bone graft particulate increases the rate of fibrovascular ingrowth in spherical porous polyethylene orbital implants SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Research-in-Vision-and-Ophthalmology CY MAY 05-10, 2002 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FLORIDA SP Assoc Res Vis & Ophthalmol C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Casey Eye Inst, Portland, OR USA. Ophthalm Surg & Consultants Ohio, Columbus, OH USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI ROCKVILLE PA 12300 TWINBROOK PARKWAY, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-1606 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 43 SU 2 MA 3050 BP U854 EP U854 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 709CG UT WOS:000184606700203 ER PT J AU Brown, J Zwick, H Lund, B Stuck, BE AF Brown, J Zwick, H Lund, B Stuck, BE TI Long term assessment of visual function following untreated accidental laser induced macular hole SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Research-in-Vision-and-Ophthalmology CY MAY 05-10, 2002 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FLORIDA SP Assoc Res Vis & Ophthalmol C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Brooks AFB, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI ROCKVILLE PA 12300 TWINBROOK PARKWAY, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-1606 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 43 SU 1 MA 2479 BP U586 EP U586 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 709CF UT WOS:000184606602410 ER PT J AU Kim, TJ Wagner, ME Fannin, LA Rabin, JC AF Kim, TJ Wagner, ME Fannin, LA Rabin, JC TI A comparative study between the PanOptic (TM) ophthalmoscope and the traditional direct ophthalmoscope SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Research-in-Vision-and-Ophthalmology CY MAY 05-10, 2002 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FLORIDA SP Assoc Res Vis & Ophthalmol C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Ophthalmol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI ROCKVILLE PA 12300 TWINBROOK PARKWAY, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-1606 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 43 SU 1 MA 352 BP U71 EP U71 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 709CF UT WOS:000184606600327 ER PT J AU Rabin, JC Bower, KS Chun, D AF Rabin, JC Bower, KS Chun, D TI Quantitative assessment of disability glare SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Research-in-Vision-and-Ophthalmology CY MAY 05-10, 2002 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FLORIDA SP Assoc Res Vis & Ophthalmol C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI ROCKVILLE PA 12300 TWINBROOK PARKWAY, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-1606 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 43 SU 2 MA 4143 BP U1179 EP U1179 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 709CG UT WOS:000184606701293 ER PT J AU Reilly, CD Scribbick, F AF Reilly, CD Scribbick, F TI Personality disorder screening for obsessive-compulsive disorder in patients seeking refractive surgery SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Research-in-Vision-and-Ophthalmology CY MAY 05-10, 2002 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FLORIDA SP Assoc Res Vis & Ophthalmol C1 Willard Hall Med Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, MCST, MDW 59, Lackland AFB, TX USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI ROCKVILLE PA 12300 TWINBROOK PARKWAY, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-1606 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 43 SU 2 MA 4139 BP U1179 EP U1179 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 709CG UT WOS:000184606701291 ER PT J AU Weichel, ED Bower, KS Morgan, E Rabin, J AF Weichel, ED Bower, KS Morgan, E Rabin, J TI Visual performance in photorefractive keratectomy: One year and beyond SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Research-in-Vision-and-Ophthalmology CY MAY 05-10, 2002 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FLORIDA SP Assoc Res Vis & Ophthalmol C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Ctr Refract Surg, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI ROCKVILLE PA 12300 TWINBROOK PARKWAY, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-1606 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 43 SU 2 MA 4149 BP U1180 EP U1180 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 709CG UT WOS:000184606701299 ER PT J AU Zwick, H Lund, BJ Brown, J Stuck, BE Loveday, J AF Zwick, H Lund, BJ Brown, J Stuck, BE Loveday, J TI Human color vision deficits induced by accidental laser retinal exposure SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Research-in-Vision-and-Ophthalmology CY MAY 05-10, 2002 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FLORIDA SP Assoc Res Vis & Ophthalmol C1 USA, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Med Res Detachment, San Antonio, TX USA. Northrop Grumman, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI ROCKVILLE PA 12300 TWINBROOK PARKWAY, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-1606 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 43 SU 1 MA 1195 BP U275 EP U275 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 709CF UT WOS:000184606601154 ER PT J AU Inglesby, TV O'Toole, T Henderson, DA Bartlett, JG Ascher, MS Eitzen, E Friedlander, AM Gerberding, J Hauer, J Hughes, J McDade, J Osterholm, MT Parker, G Perl, TM Russell, PK Tonat, K AF Inglesby, TV O'Toole, T Henderson, DA Bartlett, JG Ascher, MS Eitzen, E Friedlander, AM Gerberding, J Hauer, J Hughes, J McDade, J Osterholm, MT Parker, G Perl, TM Russell, PK Tonat, K CA Working Grp Civilian Biodef TI Anthrax as a biological weapon, 2002 - Updated recommendations for management SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Review ID ORAL-OROPHARYNGEAL ANTHRAX; BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS; INHALATION ANTHRAX; RHESUS-MONKEYS; OUTBREAK; WARFARE; DOXYCYCLINE; PENICILLIN; TERRORISM; SPORES AB Objective To review and update consensus-based recommendations for medical and public health professionals following a Bacillus anthracis attack against a civilian population. Participants The working group included 23 experts from academic medical centers, research organizations, and governmental, military, public health, and emergency management institutions and agencies. Evidence MEDLINE databases were searched from January 1966 to January 2002, using the Medical Subject Headings anthrax, Bacillus anthracis, biological weapon, biological terrorism, biological warfare, and biowarfare. Reference review identified work published before 1966. Participants identified unpublished sources. Consensus Process The first draft synthesized the gathered information. Written comments were incorporated into subsequent drafts. The final statement incorporated all relevant evidence from the search along with consensus recommendations. Conclusions Specific recommendations include diagnosis of anthrax infection, indications for vaccination, therapy, postexposure prophylaxis, decontamination of the environment, and suggested research. This revised consensus statement presents new information based on the analysis of the anthrax attacks of 2001, including developments in the investigation of the anthrax attacks of 2001; important symptoms, signs, and laboratory studies; new diagnostic clues that may help future recognition of this disease; current anthrax vaccine information; updated antibiotic therapeutic considerations; and judgments about environmental surveillance and decontamination. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Johns Hopkins Ctr Civilian Biodef Strategies, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Baltimore, MD USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Frederick, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Infect Dis Res & Policy, Minneapolis, MN USA. Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Off Emergency Preparedness, Rockville, MD USA. RP Inglesby, TV (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Johns Hopkins Ctr Civilian Biodef Strategies, Candler Bldg,Suite 830,111 Market Pl, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. NR 112 TC 606 Z9 629 U1 12 U2 104 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 1 PY 2002 VL 287 IS 17 BP 2236 EP 2252 DI 10.1001/jama.287.17.2236 PG 17 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 546EZ UT WOS:000175260600024 PM 11980524 ER PT J AU Warner, TT Sheu, RS Bowers, JF Sykes, RI Dodd, GC Henn, DS AF Warner, TT Sheu, RS Bowers, JF Sykes, RI Dodd, GC Henn, DS TI Ensemble Simulations with coupled atmospheric dynamic and dispersion models: Illustrating uncertainties in dosage simulations SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID 4-DIMENSIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION; PLANETARY BOUNDARY-LAYER; LONG-RANGE DISPERSION; AREA MESOSCALE MODEL; SYSTEM; PREDICTION; METHODOLOGY; VALIDATION; DIFFUSION; FORECASTS AB Ensemble simulations made using a coupled atmospheric dynamic model and a probabilistic Lagrangian puff dispersion model were employed in a forensic analysis of the transport and dispersion of a toxic gas that may have been released near Al Muthanna, Iraq, during the Gulf War. The ensemble study had two objectives, the first of which was to determine the sensitivity of the calculated dosage fields to the choices that must be made about the configuration of the atmospheric dynamic model. In this test, various choices were used for model physics representations and for the large-scale analyses that were used to construct the model initial and boundary conditions. The second study objective was to examine the dispersion model's ability to use ensemble inputs to predict dosage probability distributions. Here, the dispersion model was used with the ensemble mean fields from the individual atmospheric dynamic model runs, including the variability in the individual wind fields, to generate dosage probabilities. These are compared with the explicit dosage probabilities derived from the individual runs of the coupled modeling system. The results demonstrate that the specific choices made about the dynamic-model configuration and the large-scale analyses can have a large impact on the simulated dosages. For example, the area near the source that is exposed to a selected dosage threshold varies by up to a factor of 4 among members of the ensemble. The agreement between the explicit and ensemble dosage probabilities is relatively good for both low and high dosage levels. Although only one ensemble was considered in this study, the encouraging results suggest that a probabilistic dispersion model may be of value in quantifying the effects of uncertainties in a dynamic-model ensemble on dispersion model predictions of atmospheric transport and dispersion. C1 Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, RAP, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Univ Colorado, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. USA, W Desert Test Ctr, Dugway, UT USA. Titan Res & Technol, ARAP Grp, Princeton, NJ USA. HE Cramer Co Inc, Sandy, UT USA. RP Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, RAP, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM warner@ucar.edu NR 40 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 41 IS 5 BP 488 EP 504 DI 10.1175/1520-0450(2002)041<0488:ESWCAD>2.0.CO;2 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 541XL UT WOS:000175011800003 ER PT J AU Globus, TR Woolard, DL Samuels, AC Gelmont, BL Hesler, J Crowe, TW Bykhovskaia, M AF Globus, TR Woolard, DL Samuels, AC Gelmont, BL Hesler, J Crowe, TW Bykhovskaia, M TI Submillimeter-wave Fourier transform spectroscopy of biological macromolecules SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LATTICE VIBRATIONAL MODES; DNA DOUBLE HELIX; GROUP-I INTRONS; MICROWAVE-ABSORPTION; BRILLOUIN-SCATTERING; BREATHING MODES; NUCLEIC-ACIDS; POLYMER; ULTRAVIOLET; MOLECULES AB In this article we report experimental results on Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) macromolecules and related biological materials in the submillimeter range (i.e., similar to10-500 cm(-1)). Film samples made from commercial DNA fibers, polyadenylic acid potassium salt, and cellular agents such as the spore form of Bacillus subtillis have been prepared and measured. A broad series of measurements carried out in the low frequency region (10-50 cm(-1)) with a higher resolution of 0.2 cm(-1) revealed fine features-multiple dielectric resonances in the submillimeter-wave spectra obtained from DNA samples. These long-wave absorption features are shown to be intrinsic properties of biological materials determined by phonon modes. The emphasis is on reproducibility of experimental spectra and on receiving reliable results. The effects of differences in sample preparation, including sample geometry, orientation, and aging are studied and separated from the phonon effects that determine the fine structure of transmission spectra. A direct comparison of spectra between different DNA samples reveals a large number of modes and a reasonable level of sequence-specific uniqueness. A theoretical study of two double helical DNA fragments has applied a normal mode analysis to predict spectra in the far infrared. Most of the modes determined by long-distance interactions are at frequencies below 220 cm(-1), with the density higher than one mode per cm(-1), which is approximately what was observed experimentally. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Virginia, Dept Elect Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. USA, Res Lab, Army Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. USA, Soldier Biol & Chem Command, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. RP Globus, TR (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Elect Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. NR 47 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 9 BP 6105 EP 6113 DI 10.1063/1.1466878 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 542WR UT WOS:000175069000089 ER PT J AU Sonna, LA Gaffin, SL Pratt, RE Cullivan, ML Angel, KC Lilly, CM AF Sonna, LA Gaffin, SL Pratt, RE Cullivan, ML Angel, KC Lilly, CM TI Effect of acute heat shock on gene expression by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Experimental Biology 2001 Annual Meeting CY MAR 31-APR 04, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Amer Soc Nutr Sci DE apoptosis; gene chip array technology; cell stress response ID HEME OXYGENASE-1 HSP32; RAS-RELATED GTPASE; MOLECULAR CHAPERONES; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; STRESS-RESPONSE; KINASE PATHWAYS; GLIOMA-CELLS; HELA-CELLS; FACTOR-I AB We studied the effect of heat shock on gene expression by normal human cells. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were obtained from healthy adults. Paired samples from each subject were subjected to either 20 min of heat shock (43degreesC) or control (37degreesC) conditions and then returned to 37degreesC. RNA was isolated 160 min later, and five representative samples were analyzed on Affymetrix gene chip arrays containing similar to12,600 probes. A biologically meaningful effect was defined as a statistically significant, twofold or greater difference in expression of sequences that were detected in all five experiments under control (downregulated sequences) or heat shock (upregulated sequences) conditions. Changes occurred in 395 sequences (227 increased by heat shock, 168 decreased), representing 353 Unigene numbers, in every functional category previously implicated in the heat shock response. By RT-PCR, we confirmed the findings for one upregulated sequence (Rad, a G protein) and one downregulated sequence (osteopontin, a cytokine). We conclude that heat shock causes extensive gene expression changes in PBMCs, affecting all functional categories of the heat shock response. C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Thermal & Mt Med Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Harvard Univ, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Sch Med, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Sch Med, Partners Gene Array Technol Ctr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Sonna, LA (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Thermal & Mt Med Div, 42 Kansas St, Natick, MA 01760 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [1R01 HL-AI64104] NR 53 TC 73 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 8750-7587 J9 J APPL PHYSIOL JI J. Appl. Physiol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 92 IS 5 BP 2208 EP 2220 DI 10.1152/japplphysiol.01002.2001 PG 13 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA 544WP UT WOS:000175184900054 PM 11960976 ER PT J AU Kazis, LE Liang, MH Lee, A Ren, XHS Phillips, CB Hinson, M Calvert, C Cullen, M Daugherty, MB Goodwin, CW Jenkins, M McCauley, RL Meyer, WJ Palmieri, T Pidcock, F Reilly, D Warden, G Wood, D Tompkins, R AF Kazis, LE Liang, MH Lee, A Ren, XHS Phillips, CB Hinson, M Calvert, C Cullen, M Daugherty, MB Goodwin, CW Jenkins, M McCauley, RL Meyer, WJ Palmieri, T Pidcock, F Reilly, D Warden, G Wood, D Tompkins, R TI The development, validation, and testing of a health outcomes burn questionnaire for infants and children 5 years of age and younger: American Burn Association/Shriners Hospitals for children SO JOURNAL OF BURN CARE & REHABILITATION LA English DT Article ID PROMPT ESCHAR EXCISION; MORTALITY AB The 12-member American Burn Association/Shriners Hospitals for Children Outcomes Task Force was charged with developing a health outcomes questionnaire for use in children 5 years of age and younger that was clinically based and valid. A 55-item form was tested using a cross-sectional design on the basis of a range of 184 infants and children between 0 and 5 years of age at 8 burn centers, nationally. A total of 131 subjects completed a follow-up health outcomes questionnaire 6 months after the baseline assessment. A comparison group of 285 normal nonburn children was also obtained. Internal consistency reliability of the scales ranged from 0.74 to 0.94. Tests of clinical validity were significant in the hypothesized direction for the majority of scales for length of hospital stay, duration since the burn, percent of body surface area burned, overall clinician assessment of severity of burn injury, and number of comorbidities. The criterion validity of the instrument was supported using the Child Developmental Inventories for Burn Children in early childhood and preschool stages of development comparing normal vs abnormal children. The instrument was sensitive to changes over time following a clinical course observed by physicians in practice. The Health Outcomes Burn Questionnaire for Infants and Children 5 years of age and younger is a clinically based reliable and valid assessment tool that is sensitive to change over time for assessing burn outcomes in this age group. C1 Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Ctr Hlth Qual, VA Hlth Serv Res & Dev Field Program, Bedford, MA USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Robert B Brigham Multipurpose Arthrit & Musculosk, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Shriners Hosp Children, Boston, MA USA. N Carolina Jaycee Burn Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Childrens Hosp Michigan, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. Shriners Hosp Children, Cincinnati, OH USA. USA, Inst Surg Res, San Antonio, TX USA. Shriners Hosp Children, Galveston, TX 77550 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Galveston, TX 77550 USA. Shriners Hosp Children, Sacramento, CA USA. Kennedy Krieger Inst, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA USA. Shriners Hosp Children, Tampa, FL USA. RP Tompkins, R (reprint author), Massachusetts Gen Hosp, GRB 1302,55 Fruit St, Boston, MA 02114 USA. NR 14 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0273-8481 J9 J BURN CARE REHABIL JI J. Burn Care Rehabil. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 23 IS 3 BP 196 EP 207 DI 10.1097/00004630-200205000-00009 PG 12 WC Emergency Medicine; Rehabilitation; Surgery SC Emergency Medicine; Rehabilitation; Surgery GA 606ZF UT WOS:000178765400006 PM 12032370 ER PT J AU Lynch, JC Brannon, JM Delfino, JJ AF Lynch, JC Brannon, JM Delfino, JJ TI Effects of component interactions on the aqueous solubilities and dissolution rates of the explosive formulations octol, composition B, and LX-14 SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA LA English DT Article ID 2,4,6-TRINITROTOLUENE TNT; RDX AB The effects of component interactions on aqueous solubilities and dissolution rates were determined for the explosive formulations octol, composition B, and LX-14 and for mixtures of three separate explosive compounds that make up these formulations. Experiments were performed over the temperature range of (10-30)degreesC at a constant mixing rate of 2.5 revolutions per second (rps), and data were measured using high-pressure liquid chromatography with T-TV detection. Formulation results are compared to results of nonbound mixtures of individual explosive compounds and to results of explosive compounds studied separately. The solubilities determined for the formulations and the various mixtures were comparable to the solubilities of the explosive compounds studied independently. The dissolution rates of the explosive compounds in various nonbound mixtures were also comparable to the rates determined independently. However, the dissolution rates for explosive compounds in the formulations were generally lower than those determined independently. Correlation expressions are proposed to describe the initial dissolution rates of explosive compounds in the formulations as a function of temperature and solid surface area, Previous solubility correlations are refined by inclusion of the single-component data from this study. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Environm Engn Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Waterways Expt Stn, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Lynch, JC (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Environm Engn Sci, POB 116450, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 13 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9568 J9 J CHEM ENG DATA JI J. Chem. Eng. Data PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 47 IS 3 BP 542 EP 549 AR UNSP JE010294J DI 10.1021/je010294j PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA 552DA UT WOS:000175602100029 ER PT J AU Ringel, MD Hardy, E Bernet, VJ Burch, HB Schuppert, F Burman, KD Saji, M AF Ringel, MD Hardy, E Bernet, VJ Burch, HB Schuppert, F Burman, KD Saji, M TI Metastin receptor is overexpressed in papillary thyroid cancer and activates MAP kinase in thyroid cancer cells SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTOR; SUPPRESSOR GENE; KISS-1; ONCOGENES; CARCINOMA; GROWTH AB The development of distant metastasis is the most important predictor of death from thyroid cancer. KiSS-1 is a recently cloned human metastasis suppressor gene whose product, metastin, was recently identified as the endogenous agonist for a novel Gq/11 coupled receptor (metastin receptor). The expression and functional consequences of metastin and the metastin receptor have not been evaluated in thyroid cancer. We measured metastin and metastin receptor mRNA levels in 10 FCs and 13 papillary carcinomas (PCs), 2 benign non-functioning follicular adenomas (FAs), and 11 normal thyroid samples, and evaluated the signaling pathways activated by metastin in ARO thyroid cancer cells that express the metastin receptor endogenously. Paired normal and tumor samples were available for 4 PC and 3 FC samples. Metastin mRNA was detected in 6/11 normal samples, and 0/2 FA, 2/10 FC, and 9/13 PC samples (p<0.05 for PC vs. FC). Metastin receptor was not expressed in any normal thyroid or benign FA samples, and was expressed in only a minority (2/10) of FC samples. However, the receptor was expressed in the majority (10/13) of PCs (p=0.002 for PC vs. normal tissue). Increased levels of metastin receptor were detected in all four PCs compared to adjacent normal tissue. Incubation of metastin receptor expressing ARO thyroid cancer cells with metastin resulted in activation of ERK, but not Akt. Taken together, these data suggest a potential role for metastin and/or metastin receptors in modulating the biological behavior of thyroid cancers. C1 Washington Hosp Ctr, Endocrinol Sect, Dept Med, Washington, DC 20010 USA. MedStat Res Inst, Washington, DC 20010 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Hosp Bad Oeyhausen, Oeynhausen, Germany. RP Ringel, MD (reprint author), Washington Hosp Ctr, Endocrinol Sect, Dept Med, 110 Irving St NW, Washington, DC 20010 USA. EM matthew.ringel@medstar.net RI Saji, Motoyasu/E-4007-2011 NR 12 TC 94 Z9 114 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0021-972X J9 J CLIN ENDOCR METAB JI J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 87 IS 5 BP 2399 EP 2402 DI 10.1210/jc.87.5.2399 PG 4 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 552YP UT WOS:000175648100074 PM 11994395 ER PT J AU McDonough, SP Van Winkle, TJ Valentine, BA vanGessel, YA Summers, VA AF McDonough, SP Van Winkle, TJ Valentine, BA vanGessel, YA Summers, VA TI Clinicopathological and immunophenotypical features of canine intravascular lymphoma (malignant angioendotheliomatosis) SO JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LARGE-CELL LYMPHOMA; FUNCTION-ASSOCIATED ANTIGEN-1; ADHESION MOLECULES; PROLIFERATING ANGIOENDOTHELIOMATOSIS; NEUROLOGIC MANIFESTATIONS; HOMING RECEPTORS; T-CELLS; DOG; NEOPLASM; ORIGIN AB Intravascular lymphoma (IVL) is it rare angiotropic large-cell lymphoma in which neoplastic lymphocytes proliferate, within the lumina of blood vessels in th eabsence of a primary extravascular mass or leukaemia. A retrospective review of veterinary medical records identified 17 cases of canine IVL. Spinal cord ataxia (seven dogs), posterior paralysis (one dog), seizures (four dogs), and vestibular disease (three dogs) dominated the clinical presentation. Haemorrhage, ischaemia, and occasional foci of vascular proliferation were found in tissue sections from affected dogs. Vessels, predominantly veins, throughout the body were frequently filled with neoplastic lymphocytes. Splenic involvement occurred in only one of 10 cased examined and bone marrow involvement was absent in four cased examined. Formalin-fixed paraffin wax-embedded tissues from 15 cased were examined immunohistochemically with streptavindin-biotin-horseraddish peroxidase and a catalysed signal amplification system. The neoplastiv cells were classified in eight cases as T cells (CD3+/IgG-/CD79a-), in one case as B cells (CD3-/CD79a(.)dim/IgG+), and in the remaining six cased as non-T, non-B (CD3-/IgG-/CD79a-). The clinical and pathological features of canine IVL closely resembled those of the human disease. In striking contrast to human cases, which are most often B-cell lymphomas, the immunophenotypes of the canine IVLs in this series were heterogeneous. The canine IVLs were derived primarily from T cells and non-T, non-B lymohocytes, B cells being found in only a single instance. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Biomed Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Penn, Sch Vet Med, Lab Pathol & Toxicol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Oregon State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Pathol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP McDonough, SP (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Biomed Sci, Upper Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 45 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0021-9975 J9 J COMP PATHOL JI J. Comp. Pathol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 126 IS 4 BP 277 EP 288 DI 10.1053/jcpa.2002.0553 PG 12 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA 568DU UT WOS:000176527800005 PM 12056776 ER PT J AU Pearton, SJ Lee, KP Overberg, ME Abernathy, CR Theodoropoulou, N Hebard, AF Wilson, RG Chu, SNG Zavada, JM AF Pearton, SJ Lee, KP Overberg, ME Abernathy, CR Theodoropoulou, N Hebard, AF Wilson, RG Chu, SNG Zavada, JM TI Magnetism in SiC implanted with high doses of Fe and Mn SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 43rd Electronic Materials Conference CY JUN 27-29, 2001 CL UNIV NOTRE DAME, SOUTH BEND, INDIANA HO UNIV NOTRE DAME DE 6H-SiC; ion implantation; dilute-magnetic semiconductor ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE FERROMAGNETISM; MAGNETOELECTRONICS; SEMICONDUCTORS; GAN AB High concentrations (0.1-5 at.%) of Mn or Fe were introduced into the near-surface region (less than or equal to2000 Angstrom) of 6H-SiC substrates by direct implantation at similar to300degreesC. After annealing at temperatures up to 1000degreesC, the structural properties were examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and selected-area diffraction pattern (SADP) analysis. The magnetic properties were examined by SQUID magnetometry. While the Mn-implanted samples were paramagnetic over the entire dose range investigated, the Fe-implanted material displayed a ferromagnetic contribution present at <175 K for the highest dose conditions. No secondary phases were detected, at least not to the sensitivity of TEM. or SADP. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Agere Syst, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Pearton, SJ (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 31 IS 5 BP 336 EP 339 DI 10.1007/s11664-002-0078-7 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 555QK UT WOS:000175804600002 ER PT J AU Lee, KP Pearton, SJ Overberg, ME Abernathy, CR Wilson, RG Chu, SNG Theodoropolou, N Hebard, AF Zavada, JM AF Lee, KP Pearton, SJ Overberg, ME Abernathy, CR Wilson, RG Chu, SNG Theodoropolou, N Hebard, AF Zavada, JM TI Magnetic effects of direct ion implantation of Mn and Fe into p-GaN SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 43rd Electronic Materials Conference CY JUN 27-29, 2001 CL UNIV NOTRE DAME, SOUTH BEND, INDIANA HO UNIV NOTRE DAME DE GaN; ferromagnetism; dilute magnetic semiconductors; ion implantation ID FERROMAGNETISM; SEMICONDUCTORS; MAGNETOELECTRONICS; TEMPERATURE AB In p-GaN implanted with Mn (3 X 10(16) cm(-2) at 250 keV), the material after annealing shows ferromagnetic properties below 250 K. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed the presence of platelet structures with hexagonal symmetry. These regions are most likely GaxMn1-xN, which produce the ferromagnetic contribution to the magnetization. In p-GaN implanted with Fe, the material after annealing showed ferromagnetic properties at temperatures that were dependent on the Fe dose, but were below 200 K in all cases. In these samples, TEM and diffraction analysis did not reveal any secondary phase formation. The results for the Fe implantation are similar to those reported for Fe doping during epitaxial growth of GaN. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Agere Syst, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Lee, KP (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 31 IS 5 BP 411 EP 415 DI 10.1007/s11664-002-0093-8 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 555QK UT WOS:000175804600017 ER PT J AU Patel, A Straight, AM Mann, H Duffy, E Fenton, C Dinauer, C Tuttle, RM Francis, GL AF Patel, A Straight, AM Mann, H Duffy, E Fenton, C Dinauer, C Tuttle, RM Francis, GL TI Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression by differentiated thyroid carcinoma of children and adolescents SO JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE metalloproteinase; thyroid; carcinoma ID CHERNOBYL REACTOR ACCIDENT; YOUNG-ADULTS; MESSENGER-RNA; NORMAL THYROCYTES; TISSUE INHIBITOR; CELL-LINES; CANCER; MUTATIONS; TUMORS; REARRANGEMENT AB The factor(s) that control metastasis of thyroid carcinoma are unknown, but the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are excellent candidates. MMP-1, membrane-type-1 MMIP (MT1-MMP), and tissue inhibitor of MMP-1 (TIMP-1) have all been implicated, but the site of production and importance are disputed. In vitro, normal thyroid cells secrete TIMP-1, while thyroid cancer cells secrete TIMP-1 and MMP-1. However, previous pathological studies identified MMP-1 and TIMP-1 only in the stroma surrounding thyroid carcinoma. These data suggest that thyroid carcinoma or tumor-associated inflammatory cells might secrete a factor(s) which stimulates MMP-1 or TIMP-1 expression by surrounding tissues. We hypothesized that MMP-1, MT1-MMP, and TIMP-1 would be directly expressed by thyroid carcinoma and might promote invasion or metastasis. We used immunohistochemistry to determine the expression of MMP-1, MT1-MMP, and TIMP-1 in 32 papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), 10 follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) and 13 benign thyroid lesions from children and adolescents. The intensity of staining was graded from absent (grade 0) to intense (grade 3). Average MMP-1 expression (mean relative intensity units SE) was significantly greater among PTC (1.97+/-0.15; p=0.004) and FTC (2.2+/-0.25; p=0.006) compared to benign lesions (1.30+/-0.1 5); but there was no relationship between MMP-1 expression and invasion, metastasis, or recurrence. Expression of MT1-MMP and TIMP-1 was similar for benign and malignant lesions; but recurrent PTC expressed lower levels of TIMP-1 when compared to non-recurrent PTC (p=0.049). Only the expression of TIMP-1 correlated with the presence of tumor-associated lymphocytes (r=0.35, p=0.032). We conclude that MMP-1, MT1-MMP and TIMP-1 are all expressed by thyroid carcinoma and could be important in promoting recurrence. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Pediat, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Dept Endocrinol, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP Francis, GL (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Pediat, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 30 TC 17 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 1 PU EDITRICE KURTIS S R L PI MILAN PA VIA LUIGI ZOJA 30, 20153 MILAN, ITALY SN 0391-4097 J9 J ENDOCRINOL INVEST JI J. Endocrinol. Invest. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 25 IS 5 BP 403 EP 408 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 547RG UT WOS:000175345100003 PM 12035934 ER PT J AU Shiroma, CY AF Shiroma, CY TI The use of amalgam powder and calcium hydroxide to recreate a radiopaque image of a lost dental restoration SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE forensic science; odontologist; postmortem dental restoration loss; human identification; X-ray analysis AB Radiographs of dental restorations are highly reliable when used to identify postmortem dental remains. A problem exists if key dental restorations are missing or defective, which results in the loss of a comparative radiographic image. This article describes a simple method allowing the odontologist to quickly recreate a temporary radiopaque restoration. This article presents a method of using amalgam powder (radiopaque material) and calcium hydroxide (radiopaque material and transport medium for the amalgam powder) to recreate a radiopaque image on a tooth that has lost a dental restoration. Amalgam powder and calcium hydroxide is easily obtained (in any dental office), fairly clean, easy to manipulate, inexpensive, inert, stable, and able to be removed without damaging the dental remains. The amalgam powder/calcium hydroxide mixture can easily be re-shaped or modified to reflect the radiopaque image of the original restoration. Radiographic comparison of the "restored" dental remains to the antemortem radiographs is now possible. The use of this technique is presented in a case report. C1 USA, Cent Identificat Lab, Hickam AFB, HI 96853 USA. RP Shiroma, CY (reprint author), USA, Cent Identificat Lab, 310 Worchester Ave,Bldg 45, Hickam AFB, HI 96853 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 47 IS 3 BP 609 EP 613 PG 5 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 554KP UT WOS:000175734800027 PM 12051346 ER PT J AU Tischler, MB Lee, JA Colbourne, JD AF Tischler, MB Lee, JA Colbourne, JD TI Comparison of flight control system design methods using the CONDUIT (R) design tool SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article AB Optimization and comparison of several alternative control system design methods against a common extensive set of dynamics response criteria is demonstrated using the Control Designer's Unified Interface (CONDUIT(R)). The alternative methods considered are classical, linear quadratic regulator, dynamic inverse, and H-infinity as applied to the design of lateral/directional control laws for a transport aircraft. From poor initial guesses for the design parameters of each alternative method, CONDUIT first achieved a feasible design space that satisfied the stability and handling qualities to the best (level 1) criteria. Final controller tuning was accomplished to minimize the performance metrics; of crossover frequency and actuator activity, while maintaining level 1 design criteria. An important finding of this research is that the alternative design methods optimized against a common set of design requirements yield controllers whose performance and stability robustness characteristics are quite similar to one another. A stronger discriminator than design method is the controller architecture (one or two degree of freedom), which plays an important role in determining the achievable design space. This research demonstrates the feasibility and emphasizes the need to analyze and optimize prospective control designs against a comprehensive set of design requirements. CONDUIT has proven to be an especially effective environment for this task. C1 USA, Aeroflightdynam Directorate, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Tischler, MB (reprint author), USA, Aeroflightdynam Directorate, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 25 IS 3 BP 482 EP 493 DI 10.2514/2.4908 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 550NQ UT WOS:000175509500009 ER PT J AU Fisher, LW AF Fisher, LW TI Comparison of specialty referral patterns of primary care providers SO JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article AB Difficulty, perceived by 17 treatment facilities, of obtaining specialty referral appointments at Dwight David Eisenhower Army Medical Center (DDEAMC), a major referral center, prompted this study that utilizes provider profiling as a tool to answer three questions that examine the problem: (1) Is the difficulty in obtaining referral appointments real or perceived? (2) Are the referral patterns of the providers contributing factors in the perceived inability to meet the demand for specialty appointments? (3) If the providers' referral patterns are a contributing factor, which provider behaviors need to be modified? Major findings of the study included: 1. the referral rate of the primary care providers was 8 percent, compared to the national average of 7.5 percent; 2. interns and residents were provider outliers with referral rates of 11.7 percent and 13.5 percent, respectively; and 3. of the 32,182 referral appointments requested during Fiscal Year 1999, slightly less than 2.4 percent were disengaged. Data analysis indicates opportunities for improvement of referral rates in DDEAMC's department of primary care by addressing the referral practices of residents and interns, which will therefore decrease the number of disengaged patients. By decreasing the number of referrals, the organization will more effectively control internal costs in an era of shrinking budgets. C1 Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Ft Gordon, GA USA. RP Fisher, LW (reprint author), Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Ft Gordon, GA USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL HEALTHCARE EXEC HEALTH ADMINISTRATION PRESS PI CHICAGO PA ONE NORTH FRANKLIN ST SUITE 1700, CHICAGO, IL 60606 USA SN 1096-9012 J9 J HEALTHC MANAG JI J. Healthc. Manag. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 47 IS 3 BP 197 EP 204 PG 8 WC Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 553QA UT WOS:000175685900010 PM 12055901 ER PT J AU Tucker, JL AF Tucker, JL TI Comparison of specialty referral patterns of primary care providers - Practitioner response SO JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Baylor Univ, Army SE Reg Dent Care Syst, Ft Gordon, GA USA. RP Tucker, JL (reprint author), Baylor Univ, Army SE Reg Dent Care Syst, Ft Gordon, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL HEALTHCARE EXEC HEALTH ADMINISTRATION PRESS PI CHICAGO PA ONE NORTH FRANKLIN ST SUITE 1700, CHICAGO, IL 60606 USA SN 1096-9012 J9 J HEALTHC MANAG JI J. Healthc. Manag. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 47 IS 3 BP 205 EP 205 PG 1 WC Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 553QA UT WOS:000175685900011 ER PT J AU Hickey, JT Collins, RF High, JM Richardson, KA White, LL Pugner, PE AF Hickey, JT Collins, RF High, JM Richardson, KA White, LL Pugner, PE TI Synthetic rain flood hydrology for the Sacramento and San Joaquin River basins SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE floodplain studies; flood hydrology; synthetic hydrology; flood frequency; California AB In response to the destructive floods of 1983, 1986, 1995, and 1997, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the Reclamation Board of the State of California are partnering a study to investigate flood damage reduction and ecosystem restoration opportunities in the Sacramento and San Joaquin River Basins, California. This paper provides a short background on the study and details the methodology used to develop the baseline technical hydrology needed to support ongoing system analyses and modeling efforts. Discussion emphasizes conceptual relations between rain flood hydrology and floodplain delineation, a short retrospective of Central Valley flood events, and a method for developing synthetic flood hydrographs. Conclusions are drawn regarding the effective use of gaged flow data in flood frequency analyses, benefits of performing flood frequency analyses from a watershed perspective, and potential of Comprehensive Study methodologies for use in other macroscale studies. C1 USA Corps Engineers, Water Resource Syst Div, Inst Water Resources, Hydrol Engn Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USA Corps Engineers, Water Management Sect, Great Basins Unit, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. USA Corps Engineers, Water Management Sect, Hydrol Unit, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. USA Corps Engineers, Water Management Sect, San Joaquin Unit, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. RP Hickey, JT (reprint author), USA Corps Engineers, Water Resource Syst Div, Inst Water Resources, Hydrol Engn Ctr, 609 2nd St, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1084-0699 J9 J HYDROL ENG JI J. Hydrol. Eng. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 7 IS 3 BP 195 EP 208 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(2002)7:3(195) PG 14 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 545NQ UT WOS:000175224200001 ER PT J AU Libraty, DH Endy, TP Houng, HSH Green, S Kalayanarooj, S Suntayakorn, S Chansiriwongs, W Vaughn, DW Nisalak, A Ennis, FA Rothman, AL AF Libraty, DH Endy, TP Houng, HSH Green, S Kalayanarooj, S Suntayakorn, S Chansiriwongs, W Vaughn, DW Nisalak, A Ennis, FA Rothman, AL TI Differing influences of virus burden and immune activation on disease severity in secondary dengue-3 virus infections SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SOLUBLE INTERLEUKIN-2 RECEPTOR; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; ANTIBODY-RESPONSE; RNA LEVELS; TNF-ALPHA; CHILDREN; VIREMIA; CELLS AB Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), the most severe form of illness following infection with a dengue virus, is characterized by plasma leakage, thrombocytopenia, and hepatic inflammation. The interrelationships among virus burden, immune activation, and development of DHF were examined in 54 children with secondary dengue-3 virus infections participating in a prospective, hospital-based study. DHF was associated with higher mean plasma viremia early in illness and earlier peak plasma interferon-gamma levels. Maximum plasma viremia levels correlated with the degree of plasma leakage and thrombocytopenia. Maximum plasma levels of interleukin (IL)-10 and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor-II correlated with the degree of thrombocytopenia, independently of viremia levels. Hepatic transaminase elevation correlated with plasma soluble IL-2 receptor levels and not with viremia levels. Quantitative differences in virus burden and host immune responses, and the timing of type 1 cytokine responses, have differing influences on the severity of disease manifestations during secondary dengue-3 virus infections. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Ctr Infect Dis & Vaccine Res, Worcester, MA 01655 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Virus Dis, Silver Spring, MD USA. Queen Sirikit Natl Inst Child Hlth, Dept Pediat, Bangkok, Thailand. Kamphaeng Phet Prov Hosp, Dept Pediat, Kamphaeng Phet, Thailand. RP Libraty, DH (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Ctr Infect Dis & Vaccine Res, 55 Lake Ave N, Worcester, MA 01655 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-34533] NR 58 TC 284 Z9 296 U1 0 U2 9 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 1 PY 2002 VL 185 IS 9 BP 1213 EP 1221 DI 10.1086/340365 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 542FR UT WOS:000175033300001 PM 12001037 ER PT J AU Nelson, RC Sergatskov, DA Duncan, RV AF Nelson, RC Sergatskov, DA Duncan, RV TI The magnetic properties of sputtered Pd1-xMnx films for thermometry and bolometry SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SUPERFLUID HE-4; T-LAMBDA; PALLADIUM; HELIUM; IRON AB The magnetic susceptibility of thin films and microstructures consisting of a Pd1-xMnx alloy have been measured as a function of temperature and magnetic field. Sputtering from a 0.68% manganese target produced films with a concentration of approximately 0.90%, as judged by comparison with results from bulk PdMn sensitivity measurements. The thinnest films (thickness less than or equal to 1.0 mum) show significant domain scale noise below the Curie Temperature, T-c, while thicker films (thickness greater than or equal to 10 mum) show reliable non-hysteretic behavior throughout the temperature range of interest. The thin films show the effects of demagnetization with the field perpendicular to the surface, but a fine screen in this orientation shows no evidence of saturation and a predictable decrease in sensitivity due to demagnetization. These films will serve as the thermometric element in a new class of bolometers and thermometers for fundamental physics applications. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Nelson, RC (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Phys, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2291 J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS JI J. Low Temp. Phys. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 127 IS 3-4 BP 173 EP 188 DI 10.1023/A:1014808313480 PG 16 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 549LK UT WOS:000175445200003 ER PT J AU Sardelis, MR Dohm, DJ Pagac, B Andre, RG Turell, MJ AF Sardelis, MR Dohm, DJ Pagac, B Andre, RG Turell, MJ TI Experimental transmission of eastern equine encephalitis virus by Ochlerotatus j. japonicus (Diptera : Culicidae) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ochlerotatus j. japonicus; eastern equine encephalitis virus; transmission; vector competence ID VALLEY FEVER VIRUS; WEST-NILE-VIRUS; MOSQUITOS DIPTERA; AEDES-ALBOPICTUS; ENCEPHALOMYELITIS VIRUS; VECTOR COMPETENCE; CULEX-PIPIENS; NEW-JERSEY AB We evaluated the potential for Ochlerotatus j. japonicus (Theobald), a newly recognized invasive mosquito species in the United States, to transmit eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) virus. Aedes albopictus (Skuse) and Culex pipiens (L.) were similarly tested for comparison. Ochlerotatus j. japonicus and Ae. albopictus became infected and transmitted EEE virus by bite after feeding on young chickens 1 d after they had been inoculated with EEE virus (viremias ranging from 10(7.0-8.7) plaque-forming units [PFU]/ml of blood). No Cx. pipiens (n = 20) had detectable levels of virus 14 d after feeding on an EEE-virus infected chicken with a viremia of 10(8.1) PFU per ml of blood. Depending on the viral titer in the donor chicken, infection rates ranged from 55-100% for Oc. j. japonicus and 93-100% for Ae. albopictus. In these two species, dissemination rates were identical to or nearly identical to infection rates. Depending on the viral titer in the blood meal, estimated transmission rates ranged from 15 to 25% for Oc. j. japonicus and 59-63% for Ae. albopictus. Studies of replication of EEE virus in Oc. j. japonicus showed that there was an "eclipse phase" in the first 4 d after an infectious blood meal, that viral titers peak by day 7 at around 10(5.7) per mosquito, and that virus escaped the mid-gut as soon as 3 d after the infectious blood meal. These data, combined with the opportunistic feeding behavior of Oc. j. japonicus in Asia and the reported expansion of its range in the eastern United States, indicate that it could function as a bridge vector for EEE virus between the enzootic Culiseta melanura (Coquillett)-avian cycle and susceptible mammalian hosts. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Sardelis, MR (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Div Trop Publ Hlth, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 26 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 8 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 39 IS 3 BP 480 EP 484 DI 10.1603/0022-2585-39.3.480 PG 5 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 600BZ UT WOS:000178371900014 PM 12061444 ER PT J AU Lerdthusnee, K Khlaimanee, N Monkanna, T Sangjun, N Mungviriya, S Linthicum, KJ Frances, SP Kollars, TM Coleman, RE AF Lerdthusnee, K Khlaimanee, N Monkanna, T Sangjun, N Mungviriya, S Linthicum, KJ Frances, SP Kollars, TM Coleman, RE TI Efficiency of Leptotrombidium chiggers (Acari : Trombiculidae) at transmitting Orientia tsutsugamushi to laboratory mice SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Leptotrombidium chiangraiensis; Leptotrombidium deliense; Leptotrombidium imphalum; Orientia tsutsugamushi; chiggers; transmission ID SCRUB-TYPHUS INFECTIONS; RICKETTSIA-TSUTSUGAMUSHI; NORTHERN THAILAND; VERTICAL TRANSMISSION; ETIOLOGIC AGENT; DELIENSE ACARI; IMPHALUM ACARI; AZITHROMYCIN; DOXYCYCLINE; RESISTANT AB Thirteen different laboratory colonies of Leptotrombidium chiggers [L. chiangraiensis Tanskul & Linthicum, L. deliense Walch and L. imphalum (Vercammen-Grandjean & Langston)] were evaluated for their ability to transmit Orientia tsutsugamushi (Hyashi) to mice. Of 4,372 transmission attempts using individual chiggers from all 13 colonies, 75% (n = 3,275) successfully infected mice. Transmission rates for the individual chigger colonies ranged from 7 to 80%. Increasing the number of chiggers that fed on a given mouse generally increased transmission rates. Transmission of O. tsutsugamushi to mice by different generations (F1-F11) of certain chigger colonies was stable; however, transmission rates varied greatly in other colonies. Transmission rates (both vertical and horizontal) of several L. chiangraiensis colonies and the L. deliense colony were the highest, suggesting that these colonies may be useful for the development of a chigger-challenge model that can be used to evaluate the efficacy of candidate scrub typhus vaccines or therapeutic agents in laboratory mice. C1 USA, Med Component, Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Entomol, Bangkok, Thailand. RP Lerdthusnee, K (reprint author), USA, Med Component, Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Entomol, Bangkok, Thailand. NR 31 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 39 IS 3 BP 521 EP 525 DI 10.1603/0022-2585-39.3.521 PG 5 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 600BZ UT WOS:000178371900020 PM 12061450 ER PT J AU Frances, SP Van Dung, N Beebe, NW Debboun, M AF Frances, SP Van Dung, N Beebe, NW Debboun, M TI Field evaluation of repellent formulations against daytime and nighttime biting mosquitoes in a tropical rainforest in northern Australia SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE verrallina lineata; N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide; deet; picaridin; repellents; Australia ID LABORATORY EVALUATION; ARTHROPOD REPELLENTS; ANOPHELINE MOSQUITOS; AEDES-ALBOPICTUS; CULICIDAE; DIPTERA; DEET; AI3-37220; ENVIRONMENT; PERMETHRIN AB Field trials to compare repellent formulations containing either picaridin or deet against rainforest mosquitoes in northern Queensland, Australia, were conducted. Three repellents were compared at night: 9.3% picaridin and 19.2% picaridin (Autan Repel and Autan Repel Army 20, respectively, Bayer, Sydney, Australia) and 35% deet in a gel (Australian Defense Force [ADF]). During the day, the following three repellents were compared: 19.2% picaridin, 20% deet in a controlled release formulation (Sawyer Controlled Release Deet), and 33% deet in a polymer formulation (U.S. Army Extended Duration Topical Insect and Arthropod Repellent [EDTIAR]). The predominant mosquito species collected was Verrallina lineata (Taylor), with smaller numbers of Ochlerotatus kochi (Donitz), Anopheles farauti s.s. Laveran, Ochlerotatus notoscriptus (Skuse), and Coquilletidia xanthogaster (Edwards). In nighttime tests, 19.2% picaridin provided >94.7% protection for at least 9 h, and ADF deet provided >95% protection for 7 h. The 9.3% picaridin formulation provided >95% protection for only 2 h, and provided 60% protection at 9 h. In daytime tests, Sawyer 20% deet provided >95% protection for 6 h, and both 19.2% picaridin and U.S. Army EDTIAR provided >95% protection for 8 h. In both nighttime and daytime tests 19.2% picaridin provided similar or better protection than deet formulations. C1 Australian Army Malaria Inst, Enoggera, Qld 4052, Australia. Mil Prevent Med Ctr, Dept Mil Med, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Univ Technol Sydney, Dept Cell & Mol Biol, Mol Parasitol Unit, Core Hill, NSW 2065, Australia. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Entomol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Frances, SP (reprint author), Australian Army Malaria Inst, Gallipoli Barracks, Enoggera, Qld 4052, Australia. RI Beebe, Nigel/C-5610-2008 NR 22 TC 31 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-2585 EI 1938-2928 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 39 IS 3 BP 541 EP 544 DI 10.1603/0022-2585-39.3.541 PG 4 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 600BZ UT WOS:000178371900023 PM 12061453 ER PT J AU Coleman, RE Sithiprasasna, R Kankaew, P Kiattibut, C Ratanawong, S Khuntirat, B Sattabongkot, J AF Coleman, RE Sithiprasasna, R Kankaew, P Kiattibut, C Ratanawong, S Khuntirat, B Sattabongkot, J TI Naturally occurring mixed infection of Plasmodium vivax VK210 and P. vivax VK247 in Anopheles mosquitoes (Diptera : Culicidae) in western Thailand SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anopheles; Plasmodium vivax; phenotype VK210; phenotype VK247; co-infection ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEINS; SPOROZOITES; FALCIPARUM; POLYMORPHS AB We report the natural co-infection of a single Anopheles mosquito with Plasmodium vivax Grassi & Feletti phenotypes VK210 and VK247. In total, 8,452 anopheline mosquitoes collected between June 1999 and July 2001 were tested by ELISA for the presence of circumsporozoite (CS) protein to VK210, VK247, and P. falciparum, (Welch) (PF). A total of 29 species was represented; however, the predominant species tested were A. minimus Theobald (4,632), A. sawadwongporni Rattanarithikul & Green (1,248), A. maculatus Theobald (1,201), A. campestris Reid (478), and A. barbirostris Van der Wulp (391). A total of 17 positive mosquitoes was identified by ELISA, and included the following: A, minimus infected with VK210 (5), PF (3). and both VK210 and VK247 (1), A. maculatus infected with VK210 (1), VK247 (1), and both VK210 and VK247 (1), A. campestris infected with VK210 (2),A. sawadwongporni infectedwith VK247 (1) and PF (1), and A. hodgkini Reid infected with VK247 (1). This is the first report of a single mosquito naturally infected with both VK210 and VK247. C1 USA, Med Component, Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Entomol, Bangkok, Thailand. RP Coleman, RE (reprint author), USA, Med Component, Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Entomol, Bangkok, Thailand. NR 14 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 39 IS 3 BP 556 EP 559 DI 10.1603/0022-2585-39.3.556 PG 4 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 600BZ UT WOS:000178371900026 PM 12061456 ER PT J AU Gagnon, SJ Mori, M Kurane, I Green, S Vaughn, DW Kalayanarooj, S Suntayakorn, S Ennis, FA Rothman, AL AF Gagnon, SJ Mori, M Kurane, I Green, S Vaughn, DW Kalayanarooj, S Suntayakorn, S Ennis, FA Rothman, AL TI Cytokine gene expression and protein production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of children with acute dengue virus infections SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE RT-PCR; immunostaining; TNF-alpha; IL-4; hemorrhagic fever ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; DISEASE SEVERITY; YELLOW-FEVER; TNF-ALPHA; T-CELLS; ACTIVATION; PATHOGENESIS; DIFFERENTIATION AB Plasma leakage in dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is associated with elevated plasma levels of cytokines. To define further the contribution of immune activation to DHF and the source of cytokines, we analyzed the production of cytokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) obtained from children with dengue, using RT-PCR and immunostaining. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and TNF-beta expression was detected in all samples by PCR and in < 50% of samples by immunostaining. Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) expression was detected in < 50% of samples by either method. Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-4 expression was detected in a few samples by immunostaining but was not detectable by PCR. We found greater expression of TNF-α and IL-4 in DHF than in dengue fever or other (non-dengue) febrile illnesses. These results support the model of immunopathogenesis of DHF. However, low levels of cytokine expression in PBMC suggest that cellular activation in tissues may contribute to high serum cytokine levels in DHF. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Ctr Infect Dis & Vaccine Res, Worcester, MA 01655 USA. Natl Inst Infect Dis, Dept Virol 1, Tokyo, Japan. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Queen Sirikit Natl Inst Child Hlth, Bangkok, Thailand. Kamphaeng Phet Prov Hosp, Kamphaeng Phet, Thailand. RP Rothman, AL (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Ctr Infect Dis & Vaccine Res, CIDVR,Room S5-326,55 Lake Ave N, Worcester, MA 01655 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI30624, P01 AI34533] NR 33 TC 54 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0146-6615 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 67 IS 1 BP 41 EP 46 DI 10.1002/jmv.2190 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA 535VJ UT WOS:000174666800006 PM 11920816 ER PT J AU Abbott, KC Trespalacios, FC Welch, PG Agodoa, LYC AF Abbott, KC Trespalacios, FC Welch, PG Agodoa, LYC TI Scleroderma at end stage renal disease in the United States: Patient characteristics and survival SO JOURNAL OF NEPHROLOGY LA English DT Article DE scleroderma; caucasian; female; transplantation; complications; dialysis; USRDS; age ID SYSTEMIC-SCLEROSIS; TRANSPLANTATION AB Background: The patient characteristics and mortality associated with scleroderma have not been characterized for a national sample of end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. Methods: 364,317 patients in the United States Renal Data System initiated on ESRD therapy between 1 January 1992 and 30 June 1997 with valid causes of ESRD were analyzed in an historical cohort study of scleroderma. Results: Of the study population, 820 (0.22%) had scleroderma. The mean age of patients with scleroderma was 56.38+/-13.93 years vs. 60.48+/-16.51 years for patients with other causes of ESRD (p<0.01 by Student's t-test). In histogram analysis. there were two age peaks: 45-49 and 65-69. In logistic regression, patients with scleroderma, compared to patients with other causes of ESRD, were significantly more likely to be women, Caucasian, younger, and more likely to have congestive heart failure but less likely to have ischemic heart disease, stroke, and receive predialysis erythropoietin. The unadjusted two-year survival of patients with scleroderma during the study period was 49.3% vs. 63.8% in all other patients (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.96, 95% CI 1.70-2.26, p=0.0001 by Cox Regression). Conclusions: Among patients with ESRD, the demographics of patients with scleroderma were similar to those of patients with scleroderma in the general population. Patients with scleroderma had decreased survival compared to patients with other causes of ESRD, despite being equally likely to be wait listed and receive renal tran plantation adjusted for other factors. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Nephrol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Abbott, KC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Nephrol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. OI Abbott, Kevin/0000-0003-2111-7112 NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU WICHTIG EDITORE PI MILAN PA 72/74 VIA FRIULI, 20135 MILAN, ITALY SN 1121-8428 J9 J NEPHROL JI J. Nephrol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 15 IS 3 BP 236 EP 240 PG 5 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 570QB UT WOS:000176668000005 PM 12113593 ER PT J AU Tveit, DP Hshieh, P Cruess, D Agodoa, LYC Welch, PG Abbott, KC AF Tveit, DP Hshieh, P Cruess, D Agodoa, LYC Welch, PG Abbott, KC TI Risk factors for pulmonary embolism in chronic dialysis patients SO JOURNAL OF NEPHROLOGY LA English DT Article DE pulmonary embolism; dialysis; peritoneal dialysis; hemodialysis; complications; USRDS; age; fonale; CHF; albumin; polycystic kidney disease ID ACTIVATED-PROTEIN-C; UNITED-STATES; RENAL-DISEASE; ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID SYNDROME; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; PERITONEAL-DIALYSIS; UREMIC PATIENTS; PLASMA-LEVELS; HEMODIALYSIS; THROMBOSIS AB Background: Risk factors for pulmonary embolism (PE) in end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients have not been studied in a large population. Methods: 375,152 patients in the United States Renal Data System initiated on dialysis between 1 January 1992 and 30 June 1997 were analyzed in an historical cohort study of hospitalized PE (ICD9 Code 415.1x) occurring prior to receipt of renal transplant. Cox regression models were used to analyze risk factors for PE in dialysis. Dialysis modality was analyzed in an intention to treat fashion, thus patients who changed modalities later were considered to have remained on the same modality. Results: The incidence of pulmonary embolism did not increase over time. Independent risk factors for hospitalizations for PE were similar to those in the general population (older age, females, systemic lupus erythematosus, lower risk for Asians) with the addition of peritoneal dialysis (vs. hemodialysis, adjusted odds ratio 1.56, 95% CI 1.15-2.13), polycystic kidney disease, and congestive heart failure. Notably, in Cox regression analysis, no relation was seen with baseline laboratory results (hematocrit, serum albumin, serum creatinine) or comorbidity (except congestive heart failure) and PE risk. Dialysis patients with PE had increased mortality (hazard ratio 1.20, 95% confidence interval 1.08-1.33). Conclusions: The incidence of PE did not increase significantly in ESRD patients from 1992-1997. PE were associated with increased mortality. Peritoneal dialysis patients may have higher risk of PE than hemodialysis patients, and other high-risk groups were identified. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Nephrol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Abbott, KC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Nephrol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. OI Abbott, Kevin/0000-0003-2111-7112 NR 44 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU WICHTIG EDITORE PI MILAN PA 72/74 VIA FRIULI, 20135 MILAN, ITALY SN 1121-8428 J9 J NEPHROL JI J. Nephrol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 15 IS 3 BP 241 EP 247 PG 7 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 570QB UT WOS:000176668000006 PM 12113594 ER PT J AU Abbott, KC Napier, MG Agodoa, LYC AF Abbott, KC Napier, MG Agodoa, LYC TI Hospitalizations for bacterial septicemia in patients with end stage renal disease due to diabetes on the renal transplant waiting list SO JOURNAL OF NEPHROLOGY LA English DT Article DE bacterial septicemia; hospitalization; renal transplant; dialysis; waiting list; diabetes mellitus; women; end stage renal disease; USRDS ID URINARY-TRACT INFECTION; DIALYSIS PATIENTS; UNITED-STATES; MORTALITY; SURVIVAL; RECIPIENTS; RISK AB The incidence and risk factors for hospitalizations for bacterial septicemia, a serious cause of morbidity and mortality in end stage renal disease (ESRD), have been studied separately for patients on chronic dialysis and after renal transplantation, but have not been compared directly. Using data from the USRDS, we studied 11,369 patients with ESRD due to diabetes enrolled on the renal and renal-pancreas transplant waiting list from 1 July 1994-30 June 1997. Cox non-proportional hazards regression models were used to calculate adjusted, time-dependent hazard ratios (HR) for time to hospitalization for bacterial septicemia (ICD9 Code 038.x). In Cox Regression analysis, renal transplantation was independently associated with a shorter time to bacterial septicemia (HR 1.22, 95% confidence interval, 1.05-1.40). In addition, renal transplantation was associated with a higher rate of sepsis due to gram-negative organisms (HR 3.32, 95% CI 2.61-4.23) and urinary tract infection (10.43, 95% CI 6.72-16.17) compared with patients still on the renal transplant waiting list. The relative risk of sepsis increased with time after renal tran plantation. Renal transplantation was associated with a significantly higher risk and different spectrum of bacterial septicemia than maintenance dialysis, and the risk of sepsis did not decrease over time. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Nephrol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Abbott, KC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Nephrol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. OI Abbott, Kevin/0000-0003-2111-7112 NR 27 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU WICHTIG EDITORE PI MILAN PA 72/74 VIA FRIULI, 20135 MILAN, ITALY SN 1121-8428 J9 J NEPHROL JI J. Nephrol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 15 IS 3 BP 248 EP 254 PG 7 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 570QB UT WOS:000176668000007 PM 12113595 ER PT J AU Tveit, DJ Hypolite, IO Poropatich, RK Hshieh, P Cruess, D Hawkes, CA Agodoa, LYC Abbott, KC AF Tveit, DJ Hypolite, IO Poropatich, RK Hshieh, P Cruess, D Hawkes, CA Agodoa, LYC Abbott, KC TI Hospitalizations for bacterial pneumonia after renal transplantation in the United States SO JOURNAL OF NEPHROLOGY LA English DT Article DE pneumonia; prior hospitalization; renal transplant; diabetes mellitus; complications; dialysis; rejection; delayed graft function; United States Renal Data System database; Pneumococcus pneumoniae; gram negative ID PROSPECTIVE-PAYMENT SYSTEM; RISK-FACTORS; INFECTIONS; RECIPIENTS; CYCLOSPORINE; MORTALITY; IMMUNOSUPPRESSION; BACTEREMIA; REJECTION; DIALYSIS AB Purpose: Bacterial pneumonia has been cited as the leading cause of infectious death in renal transplant recipients but has not been studied in a national tran plant population. Subject and Methods: Retrospective analysis of the incidence, risk factors and mortality of hospitalized bacterial pneumonia (ICD9 Code 481.x-486.x) for 33,479 renal transplant recipients in the United States Renal Data System transplanted from 1 July 1994-30 June 1997. Results: Among all transplant recipients, 4.7% were hospitalized for a primary discharge diagnosis of pneumonia in the study period (2.86 episodes per 100 person years). 9.9% had bronchoscopy and 4.8% had open lung biopsy. A specific etiology was not identified in 72.5% of patients. The hospitalization rate for pneumonia and hazard for mortality due to hospitalized pneumonia were both constant over time. In logistic regression analysis, pneumonia prior to tran plant (odds ratio 1.73, 95% confidence interval, 1.32-2.26), older recipient age, diabetes, delayed graft function, rejection (occurring at any time after transplant during the time of the study), duration of pre-transplant dialysis, and positive recipient cytomegalovirus serology were associated with pneumonia. In Cox Regression, hospitalization for pneumonia was associated with greater risk of mortality (hazard ratio 1.64, 95% CI, 1.42-1.89). Conclusions: Renal transplant recipients with a previous history of pneumonia are at increased risk for subsequent pneumonia, which is associated with substantially decreased patient survival. Given the low rate of specific etiologies identified in this study, invasive diagnosis may be underutilized in this population. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Nephrol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Abbott, KC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Nephrol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. OI Abbott, Kevin/0000-0003-2111-7112 NR 39 TC 20 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU WICHTIG EDITORE PI MILAN PA 72/74 VIA FRIULI, 20135 MILAN, ITALY SN 1121-8428 J9 J NEPHROL JI J. Nephrol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 15 IS 3 BP 255 EP 262 PG 8 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 570QB UT WOS:000176668000008 PM 12113596 ER PT J AU Carvelli, L Moron, JA Kahlig, KM Ferrer, JV Sen, N Lechleiter, JD Leeb-Lundberg, LMF Merrill, G Lafer, EM Ballou, LM Shippenberg, TS Javitch, JA Lin, RZ Galli, A AF Carvelli, L Moron, JA Kahlig, KM Ferrer, JV Sen, N Lechleiter, JD Leeb-Lundberg, LMF Merrill, G Lafer, EM Ballou, LM Shippenberg, TS Javitch, JA Lin, RZ Galli, A TI PI 3-kinase regulation of dopamine uptake SO JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE amphetamine; dopamin transporter; insulin; P13-kinase ID PROTEIN-KINASE-C; CELL-SURFACE EXPRESSION; N-SH CELLS; FUNCTIONAL REGULATION; NEUROTRANSMITTER TRANSPORTERS; NOREPINEPHRINE TRANSPORT; RECEPTOR INTERNALIZATION; SEROTONIN TRANSPORTERS; MEMBRANE TRAFFICKING; INSULIN-RECEPTORS AB The magnitude and duration of dopamine (DA) signaling is defined by the amount of vesicular release, DA receptor sensitivity, and the efficiency of DA clearance, which is largely determined by the DA transporter (DAT). DAT uptake capacity is determined by the number of functional transporters on the cell surface as well as by their turnover rate. Here we show that inhibition of phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase with LY294002 induces internalization of the human DAT (hDAT), thereby reducing transport capacity. Acute treatment with LY294002 reduced the maximal rate of [H-3]DA uptake in rat striatal synaptosomes and in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells stably expressing the hDAT (hDAT cells). In addition, LY294002 caused a significant redistribution of the hDAT from the plasma membrane to the cytosol. Conversely, insulin, which activates PI 3-kinase, increased [H-3]DA uptake and blocked the amphetamine-induced hDAT intracellular accumulation, as did transient expression of constitutively active PI 3-kinase. The LY294002-induced reduction in [H-3]DA uptake and hDAT cell surface expression was inhibited by expression of a dominant negative mutant of dynamin I, indicating that dynamin-dependent trafficking can modulate transport capacity. These data implicate DAT trafficking in the hormonal regulation of dopaminergic signaling, and suggest that a state of chronic hypoinsulinemia, such as in diabetes, may alter synaptic DA signaling by reducing the available cell surface DATs. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pharmacol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Biochem, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Cellular & Struct Biol, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. NIDA, Integrat Neurosci Sect, IRP, Baltimore, MD USA. Columbia Univ, Coll Phys & Surg, Ctr Mol Recognit, New York, NY USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Audie L Murphy Mem Vet Adm Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. RP Galli, A (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pharmacol, Mail Code 7764,7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. RI Lin, Richard/J-1754-2014 OI Lin, Richard/0000-0002-3473-7276 FU NIDA NIH HHS [DA 14684, DA 13975, DA 11495]; NIMH NIH HHS [MH 57324]; NINDS NIH HHS [R01 NS029051] NR 52 TC 126 Z9 130 U1 2 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-3042 J9 J NEUROCHEM JI J. Neurochem. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 81 IS 4 BP 859 EP 869 DI 10.1046/j.1471-4159.2002.00892.x PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 549YL UT WOS:000175475100020 PM 12065645 ER PT J AU Bostaph, A Miliziano, J Bradley, Y AF Bostaph, A Miliziano, J Bradley, Y TI Qualitative analysis of solitary pulmonary nodules using Tc-99m Depreotide. SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NUCLEAR MEDICINE INC PI RESTON PA 1850 SAMUEL MORSE DR, RESTON, VA 20190-5316 USA SN 0161-5505 J9 J NUCL MED JI J. Nucl. Med. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 43 IS 5 SU S MA 408 BP 113P EP 114P AR UNSP 202532 PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 551KL UT WOS:000175560800409 ER PT J AU Montilla, JL Bridwell, RS AF Montilla, JL Bridwell, RS TI Average vs. maximal count region of interest quantitative analysis of lung nodules using Tc-99m depreotide. Is this nodule malignant? SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NUCLEAR MEDICINE INC PI RESTON PA 1850 SAMUEL MORSE DR, RESTON, VA 20190-5316 USA SN 0161-5505 J9 J NUCL MED JI J. Nucl. Med. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 43 IS 5 SU S MA 1209 BP 300P EP 300P AR UNSP 200726 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 551KL UT WOS:000175560801119 ER PT J AU Van Wyhe, J Bradley, Y Miliziano, J AF Van Wyhe, J Bradley, Y Miliziano, J TI Detection of primary non-pulmonary neoplasms and infections using Tc-99m depreotide. SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NUCLEAR MEDICINE INC PI RESTON PA 1850 SAMUEL MORSE DR, RESTON, VA 20190-5316 USA SN 0161-5505 J9 J NUCL MED JI J. Nucl. Med. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 43 IS 5 SU S MA 1210 BP 300P EP 300P AR UNSP 201913 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 551KL UT WOS:000175560801120 ER PT J AU Bradley, Y Miliziano, J AF Bradley, Y Miliziano, J TI Validity of Tc-99m-Apcitide (acutect) using a single 2 hour image for the diagnosis of lower extremity venous thrombosis. SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NUCLEAR MEDICINE INC PI RESTON PA 1850 SAMUEL MORSE DR, RESTON, VA 20190-5316 USA SN 0161-5505 J9 J NUCL MED JI J. Nucl. Med. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 43 IS 5 SU S MA 1405 BP 349P EP 349P AR UNSP 202594 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 551KL UT WOS:000175560801316 ER PT J AU Wilcoski, J Heymsfield, E AF Wilcoski, J Heymsfield, E TI Performance and rehabilitation of type L FAA airport traffic control tower at San Carlos, California, for seismic loading SO JOURNAL OF PERFORMANCE OF CONSTRUCTED FACILITIES LA English DT Article DE airport control towers; California; performance; rehabilitation; seismic analysis AB This paper presents a seismic evaluation of the San Carlos airport traffic control tower (ATCT) in San Carlos, California, that describes the tower, presents the seismic evaluation of the tower, and defines a rehabilitation approach that upgrades the structure to applicable life-safety standards. The San Carlos ATCT is a Federal Aviation Administration Type L tower, whose primary structure below the control cab (tower shaft) is four inverted L-shaped reinforced concrete members that frame together at the top of the tower shaft. The cab structure is a steel-moment frame. The tower was analyzed with a finite-element model using a response spectrum linear analysis. The goal of this evaluation was to determine if life-safety performance could be demonstrated, and if not, to develop an upgrade approach to achieve this performance. The seismic hazard was based on the maximum considered earthquake defined in the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP) recommended provisions. The evaluation shows that the tower cannot achieve life-safety performance due to large deflections in the cab and the formation of a collapse mechanism. The connection base plates for the cab columns (corner window mullions) will form a collapse mechanism at very low seismic motions. Formation of the collapse mechanism is due to base-plate bending failure and subsequent hinging at the base of each column. The recommended rehabilitation approach is to upgrade the columns to reduce deflections to acceptable levels, and also to protect the vulnerable connections. Upgrading the columns consists of welding plates on the interior and exterior column faces and welding deep structural tubing members to the base of each corner column. The writers considered the evaluation of this particular control tower to be of interest to the technical community because of the unique failure mechanism and proposed upgrade approach. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Construct Engn Res Lab, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Civil Engn, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Wilcoski, J (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Construct Engn Res Lab, POB 9005, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0887-3828 J9 J PERFORM CONSTR FAC JI J. Perform. Constr. Facil. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 16 IS 2 BP 85 EP 93 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0887-3828(2002)16:2(85) PG 9 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 554HA UT WOS:000175728700006 ER PT J AU Cooper, GR Tidman, DA AF Cooper, GR Tidman, DA TI Study of the phase-lock phenomenon for a circular slingatron SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article AB The phase-lock phenomenon of a mass sled sliding along in a circular slingatron is studied both numerically and analytically. Parameters that describe a slingatron, in which the phase angle of the swing arms increases quadratically in time, are found to be simply related to the sled's speed during phase lock. The time required for phase lock to occur is related to a simple exponential function of the gyration speed and the coefficient of friction between the sled and track. Accurate time histories describing the motion of the accelerating sled are expressed in terms of confluent hypergeometric functions F-1(1). These results are then used to obtain physical insight into why the phase-lock phenomenon takes place and to describe the important role that friction plays by damping the oscillatory motion of the sled. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aerodynam Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. AL Corp, Mclean, VA 22101 USA. RP Cooper, GR (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aerodynam Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 18 IS 3 BP 505 EP 508 DI 10.2514/2.5980 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 552AG UT WOS:000175595700002 ER PT J AU Dalvit, DL Parker, MH Cameron, SM AF Dalvit, DL Parker, MH Cameron, SM TI Quick chairside diagnostic wax-up SO JOURNAL OF PROSTHETIC DENTISTRY LA English DT Letter C1 Med Coll Georgia, Sch Dent, Dept Oral Rehabil, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. Prosthodont Residency Program, Ft Gordon, GA USA. RP Dalvit, DL (reprint author), 1987 Winsome Ln, Adams, TN 37010 USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0022-3913 J9 J PROSTHET DENT JI J. Prosthet. Dent. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 87 IS 5 BP 581 EP 582 DI 10.1067/mpr.2002.124491 PG 2 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 566FZ UT WOS:000176417400017 PM 12070522 ER PT J AU Quinn, GD Patel, PJ Lloyd, I AF Quinn, GD Patel, PJ Lloyd, I TI Effect of loading rate upon conventional ceramic microindentation hardness SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aluminum oxynitride; hardness; loading rate; silicon carbide ID INDENTATION HARDNESS; VICKERS INDENTATION; BRITTLE MATERIALS; DYNAMIC HARDNESS; GLASS AB The world standards for conventional ceramic hardness have varying requirements for control of loading rate during the indentation cycle. A literature review suggests that loading rate may affect measured hardness in some instances. In view of the uncertainty over this issue, new experiments over a range of indentation loading rates were performed on a steel, sintered silicon carbide, and an aluminum oxynitride. There was negligible effect upon Vickers hardness when loading rate was varied by almost four orders of magnitude from approximately 0.03 N/s to 10 N/s. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. USA, Weap & Mat Directorate, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat & Nucl Engn, College Pk, MD 21742 USA. RP Quinn, GD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM george.quinn@nist.gov RI Lloyd, Isabel/B-1513-2012 NR 33 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 12 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 107 IS 3 BP 299 EP 306 DI 10.6028/jres.107.023 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 568ZP UT WOS:000176575100005 PM 27446732 ER PT J AU Gertner, G Wang, G Fang, S Anderson, AB AF Gertner, G Wang, G Fang, S Anderson, AB TI Effect and uncertainty of digital elevation model spatial resolutions on predicting the topographical factor for soil loss estimation SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE digital elevation model (DEM); error budget; Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE); soil loss; spatial resolution; topographical factor LS; uncertainty ID SENSITIVITY TEST FAST; LOSS EQUATION; REGULARIZED SPLINE; RUSLE; INTERPOLATION; TENSION; SIZE AB Soil erosion is very sensitive to the topographical factor LS (as a product of slope length L and steepness S) in the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE). Improving prediction of LS by assessing uncertainty is thus very important. In this study, digital elevation models (DEMs) at different spatial resolutions obtained by interpolation were used to derive the slope and the up-slope contributing area required in a physically based LS equation and to obtain LS maps. The effect of spatial resolution in predicting LS was investigated by comparing the maps for overall differences, spatial distribution, and spatial variability of each estimated variable. Spatial error budgets were generated for LS by modeling uncertainty propagation from slope, up-slope contributing area, and model parameters with a variance partitioning method. The results showed that the uncertainty in predicting LS came mainly from slope in gentle areas and from up-slope contributing area in steep areas. The effect of spatial resolution for LS was primarily explained by uncertainty propagation from up-slope contributing area. The coarse resolutions led to extremely large predicted values and variances of up-stope contributing area, hence large uncertainty in LS. The interpolation of a DEM into finer resolution provides more spatial information without degrading elevation accuracy, resulting in a rapid decrease of variance for predicting up-slope contributing area and LS. For the case presented in this study, a DEM with a lower resolution than 5 in (16.4 ft) was considered useless for predicting LS due to large variances from up-slope contributing areas. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Construct Engn Res Lab, Champaign, IL USA. RP Gertner, G (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 38 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 10 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 57 IS 3 BP 164 EP 174 PG 11 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 574TR UT WOS:000176906100026 ER PT J AU McDonald, RMS AF McDonald, RMS TI Crucible of war: The Seven Years' War and the fate of empire in British North America, 1754-1766 SO JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP McDonald, RMS (reprint author), US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHERN HISTORICAL ASSOC PI ATHENS PA UNIV GEORGIA, HISTORY DEPT, ATHENS, GA 30602 USA SN 0022-4642 J9 J SOUTHERN HIST JI J. South. Hist. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 68 IS 2 BP 436 EP 437 DI 10.2307/3069945 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 549FD UT WOS:000175433100012 ER PT J AU Rafuse, ES AF Rafuse, ES TI A 'Meteor Shining Brightly': Essays on the life and career of Major General Patrick R. Cleburne SO JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Rafuse, ES (reprint author), US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHERN HISTORICAL ASSOC PI ATHENS PA UNIV GEORGIA, HISTORY DEPT, ATHENS, GA 30602 USA SN 0022-4642 J9 J SOUTHERN HIST JI J. South. Hist. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 68 IS 2 BP 460 EP 461 DI 10.2307/3069964 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 549FD UT WOS:000175433100032 ER PT J AU Graham, MJ Weinacht, P Brandeis, J AF Graham, MJ Weinacht, P Brandeis, J TI Numerical investigation of supersonic jet interaction for finned bodies SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article AB A detailed numerical investigation of the interaction between a lateral jet and the external flow has been performed for a variety of missile body geometries. These include nonfinned axisymmetrical bodies and finned bodies with either strakes or aft-mounted tail fins. The computations were performed at Mach numbers 2 and 4.5. To obtain the numerical results, both thin layer Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes and Euler techniques were applied. The computational results were compared with results from a previously published wind-tunnel study that consisted primarily of global force and moment measurements. The numerical techniques showed good agreement with the experiments at supersonic Mach numbers. For the results examined here, there were only minor differences in the global force and moment predictions when viscous or inviscid techniques were used. The dependence of the interaction parameters on angle of attack and jet pressure were well predicted by both methods. The computational investigation also provided additional understanding of the wind-tunnel results. The computational results show significant interactions of the jet-induced flowfield with the fin surfaces that produce additional effects compared with the body alone. The computational and experimental results indicate deamplification of the jet force at Mach 2 for all three bodies. At Mach 4.5, amplification of the jet force was found, except for negative angles of attack for the bodies with less surface area than the straked case. C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Math Sci, W Point, NY 10996 USA. USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. USA, Res Lab, Weapons Concepts Div, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. Minist Def, RAFAEL, Aeronaut Dept, Missile Div, IL-31021 Haifa, Israel. RP Graham, MJ (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Dept Math Sci, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 22 TC 11 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 39 IS 3 BP 376 EP 383 DI 10.2514/2.3836 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 560HZ UT WOS:000176077800005 ER PT J AU Guidos, BJ Cooper, GR AF Guidos, BJ Cooper, GR TI Linearized motion of a fin-stabilized projectile subjected to a lateral impulse SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 38th Aerospace Sciences Meeting CY JAN 10-13, 2000 CL RENO, NEVADA AB An existing analytical theory for modeling the free-flight motion of nonspinning, statically stable projectiles is extended to include the effect of a simple lateral impulse applied during flight. The extended theory is based on the incorporation of generalized lateral translational and angular disturbances into the familiar equations of projectile free-flight motion. The applied disturbances are then modeled using specified mathematical forms, and the modified equations are solved to obtain the angular and translational motion of the projectile over the trajectory. The various components of the translational motion of the projectile are extracted and characterized. An idealized application is presented for a large-caliber finned projectile, representative of the class of 120-mm-long rod finned projectiles fired from current tracked vehicle weapon systems, subjected to a single lateral control impulse in flight. The closed-form analytical solutions are compared against results obtained using a numerical trajectory simulation code that incorporates generalized guidance and control commands. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aerodynam Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Guidos, BJ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aerodynam Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 39 IS 3 BP 384 EP 391 DI 10.2514/2.3837 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 560HZ UT WOS:000176077800006 ER PT J AU Schreiber, MA Holcomb, JB Conaway, CW Campbell, KD Wall, M Mattox, KL AF Schreiber, MA Holcomb, JB Conaway, CW Campbell, KD Wall, M Mattox, KL TI Military trauma training performed in a civilian trauma center SO JOURNAL OF SURGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 35th Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Academic-Surgery CY NOV 15-17, 2001 CL MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN SP Assoc Acad Surg DE forward surgical team; trauma training; supporting soldier tasks ID VOLUME; CARE AB Background. In 1996, Congress passed legislation requiring the Department of Defense to conduct trauma training in civilian hospitals. In September of 1998 an Army team composed of surgeons, nurses, emergency medical technicians (EMTs), and operating room technicians (OR techs) trained in a civilian level I trauma center. This study analyzes the quality of the training. Methods. The training period was 30 days. Before and after training all members completed a questionnaire of their individual and team ability to perform at their home station, at the civilian hospital, and in the combat setting. Surgeons maintained an operative log, which was compared with their prior year's experience. Primary trauma cases (PTCs) met Residency Review Committee criteria as defined category cases and were done acutely. Other personnel tracked the percentage of supporting soldier tasks (SSTs) they performed or were exposed to during the training period. Results. Review of the questionnaires revealed a significant increase in confidence levels in all areas tested (P < 0.005). The three general surgeons performed a total of 42 PTCs during the 28 call periods, or 1.5 PTCs per call period. During the prior year, the same three general surgeons performed 20 PTCs during 114 call periods for 0.175 cases per call period (P = 0.003). The maximum number of PTCs performed during one call period at the civilian center was 4, compared with 5 PTCs performed by one Army surgeon during the Somalia 1993 mass casualty event. Performance of or exposure to SSTs was 71% for the EMTs, 94% for the nurses, and 79% for the OR techs. Conclusions. A 1-month training experience at a civilian trauma center provided military general surgeons with a greater trauma experience than they receive in 1 year at their home station. Other personnel on the team benefited by performing or being exposed to their SSTs. Further training of military teams in civilian trauma centers should be investigated. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 Baylor Coll Med, Michael E DeBakey Dept Surg, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Texas, Houston, TX USA. USA, San Antonio, TX 78234 USA. RP Schreiber, MA (reprint author), Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Trauma Crit Care Sect, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Rd,Mail Code L223A, Portland, OR 97201 USA. NR 7 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4804 J9 J SURG RES JI J. Surg. Res. PD MAY 1 PY 2002 VL 104 IS 1 BP 8 EP 14 DI 10.1006/jsre.2002.6391 PG 7 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 549EJ UT WOS:000175431300002 PM 11971671 ER PT J AU Elston, DM AF Elston, DM TI Controversies concerning the treatment of lice and scabies SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID HEAD LOUSE INFESTATIONS; 1-PERCENT PERMETHRIN; PEDICULOSIS-CAPITIS; NURSING-HOMES; EFFICACY; OUTBREAK; IVERMECTIN; PREVENTION; EPIDEMIC; CHILDREN C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Elston, DM (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 41 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 4 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0190-9622 J9 J AM ACAD DERMATOL JI J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 46 IS 5 BP 794 EP 796 DI 10.1067/mjd.2002.121027 PG 3 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 557NN UT WOS:000175914800026 PM 12004328 ER PT J AU Xu, K Ding, MS Zhang, SS Allen, JL Jow, TR AF Xu, K Ding, MS Zhang, SS Allen, JL Jow, TR TI An attempt to formulate nonflammable lithium ion electrolytes with alkyl phosphates and phosphazenes SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SOLVENT-CONTAINING ELECTROLYTES; BATTERIES AB Using alkyl phosphates and a cyclophosphazene as cosolvents, the possibility of formulating a nonflammable electrolyte for lithium-ion batteries was explored. The emphasis was placed on determining the impact of these flame-retarding additives on the performance of the electrolyte. It was found that although the cosolvents at high contents (>10%) effectively suppress the flammability of the electrolyte, their flame-retarding effectiveness is still insufficient to render the electrolytes completely nonflammable. Furthermore, such reduction in electrolyte flammability is always realized at the expense of performance; electrochemical instability of phosphates results in severe capacity fading, while high viscosity of these cosolvents reduces both capacity utilization and power. (C) 2002 The Electrochemical Society. C1 USA, Res Lab, Electrochem Branch, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. USA, Sensor & Elect Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Xu, K (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Electrochem Branch, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Zhang, Sheng/A-4456-2012; Xu, Kang/C-6054-2013 OI Zhang, Sheng/0000-0003-4435-4110; NR 14 TC 136 Z9 145 U1 5 U2 35 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 149 IS 5 BP A622 EP A626 DI 10.1149/1.1467946 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 546LN UT WOS:000175275700018 ER PT J AU Zhang, SS Xu, K Jow, TR AF Zhang, SS Xu, K Jow, TR TI Study of LiBF4 as an electrolyte salt for a Li-ion battery SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CARBONATE SOLUTIONS; LITHIUM; CELLS; CONDUCTIVITY; TEMPERATURE; MECHANISM; CORROSION; ALUMINUM; BEHAVIOR; LIPF6 AB Using 3:7 (wt) ethylene carbonate/ethylmethyl carbonate mixed solvent, we comparatively studied LiBF4 and LiPF6 as solutes for the electrolyte of a Li-ion battery. Results showed that the LiBF4-based electrolyte passivates Al (used as a current collector of the cathode) better than the LiPF6-based one does, while the latter has higher ionic conductivity. It was found that the graphite electrode and the lithium nickel-based mixed oxide cathode have similar lithiation and delithiation cycling behaviors in these two electrolytes. While the difference in the cycling performance of the Li-ion cells using either the LiBF4 or LiPF6-based electrolyte at ambient temperature is negligible. Compared with the one using LiPF6-based electrolyte, the Li-ion cell using LiBF4-based electrolyte is less moisture sensitive and shows much better cycling performance at elevated temperatures. Such a cell could perform even if the electrolyte contained up to 620 ppm of water. The cell also could perform at 60degreesC with the electrolyte containing 80 ppm of water. At higher temperatures such as 80degreesC, the Li-ion cell suffered from a severe capacity fading, which is believed to be associated with the irreversible reactions between electrolyte and electrodes. (C) 2002 The Electrochemical Society. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Zhang, SS (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Zhang, Sheng/A-4456-2012; Xu, Kang/C-6054-2013 OI Zhang, Sheng/0000-0003-4435-4110; NR 22 TC 72 Z9 79 U1 2 U2 36 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 149 IS 5 BP A586 EP A590 DI 10.1149/1.1466857 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 546LN UT WOS:000175275700012 ER PT J AU Tan, Y Yang, JK Kath, WL Menyuk, CM AF Tan, Y Yang, JK Kath, WL Menyuk, CM TI Transient evolution of the polarization-dispersion vector's probability distribution SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-MODE FIBERS; OPTICAL FIBERS; DYNAMIC EQUATION; BIREFRINGENCE AB We determine the transient evolution of the probability distribution of the polarization dispersion vector both analytically and numerically, using a physically reasonable model of the fiber birefringence. We show that,for all practical birefringence parameters, the distribution of the differential group delay (DGD), which is the magnitude of the polarization dispersion vector, becomes Maxwellian in just a few kilometers, except in the tail region, where the DGD is large. In this limit, the approach to a Maxwellian distribution takes much longer, of the order of tens of kilometers. In addition, we show that in the transient regime the DGD distribution is very different from Maxwellian. We also find that the probability-distribution function for the polarization-dispersion vector at the output of the fiber depends upon the angle between it and the local birefringence vector on the Poincare sphere, showing that the DGD remains correlated with the orientation of the local birefringence axes over arbitrarily long distances. (C) 2002 Optical Society of America. C1 Univ Vermont, Dept Math & Stat, Burlington, VT 05401 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Engn Sci & Appl Math, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Comp Sci & Elect Engn, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. USA, Res Lab, Lab Telecomm Res, Adelphi, MD 20755 USA. RP Univ Vermont, Dept Math & Stat, 16 Colchester Ave, Burlington, VT 05401 USA. RI Kath, William/B-6771-2009 NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 EI 1520-8540 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 19 IS 5 BP 992 EP 1000 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.19.000992 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 555LE UT WOS:000175794900007 ER PT J AU Pearton, SJ Overberg, ME Thaler, G Abernathy, CR Theodoropoulou, N Hebard, AF Chu, SNG Wilson, RG Zavada, JM Polyakov, AY Osinsky, AV Norris, PE Chow, PP Wowchack, AM Van Hove, JM Park, YD AF Pearton, SJ Overberg, ME Thaler, G Abernathy, CR Theodoropoulou, N Hebard, AF Chu, SNG Wilson, RG Zavada, JM Polyakov, AY Osinsky, AV Norris, PE Chow, PP Wowchack, AM Van Hove, JM Park, YD TI Characterization of high dose Mn, Fe, and Ni implantation into p-GaN SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IUVSTA 15th International Congress/AVS 48th International Symposium/11th International Conference on Solid Surfaces CY OCT 28-NOV 02, 2001 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP IUVSTA, AVS ID GAMNN MAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTOR; ELECTRICAL SPIN INJECTION; MOLECULAR-BEAM-EPITAXY; FERROMAGNETISM AB The magnetization of p-GaN or p-AlGaN/GaN superlattices was measured after implantation with high doses (3-5 x 10(16) cm(-2)) of Mn, Fe, or Ni and subsequent annealing at 700-1000 degreesC. The samples showed ferromagnetic contributions below temperatures ranging from 190-250 K for Mn to 45-185 K for Ni and 80-250 K for Fe. The use of superlattices to enhance the hole concentration did not produce any change in ferromagnetic ordering temperature. No secondary phase formation was observed by x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, or selected area diffraction pattem analysis for the doses we employed. (C) 2002 American Vacuum Society. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Agere Syst, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Inst Rare Met, Moscow, Russia. Corning Appl Technol, Woburn, MA USA. SVT Associates, Eden Prairie, MN 55344 USA. Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 151742, South Korea. RP Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RI Park, Yun/A-9559-2008 OI Park, Yun/0000-0001-7699-0432 NR 25 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 EI 1520-8559 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 20 IS 3 BP 721 EP 724 DI 10.1116/1.1465449 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 555RG UT WOS:000175806600024 ER PT J AU Theodoropoulou, N Hebard, AF Chu, SNG Overberg, ME Abernathy, CR Pearton, SJ Wilson, RG Zavada, JM Park, YD AF Theodoropoulou, N Hebard, AF Chu, SNG Overberg, ME Abernathy, CR Pearton, SJ Wilson, RG Zavada, JM Park, YD TI Magnetic and structural properties of Fe, Ni, and Mn-implanted SiC SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IUVSTA 15th International Congress/AVS 48th International Symposium/11th International Conference on Solid Surfaces CY OCT 28-NOV 02, 2001 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP IUVSTA, AVS ID ELECTRICAL SPIN INJECTION; MOLECULAR-BEAM-EPITAXY; SEMICONDUCTORS; FERROMAGNETISM; MAGNETOELECTRONICS; GAMNN; GAN; COHERENCE AB Direct implantation of Fe, Ni or Mn at doses of 3-5 x 10(16)cm(-2) into p-type 6H-SiC substrates was carried out at a sample temperature of similar to350 degreesC. Subsequent annealing was performed at 7001000 degreesC for 5 mins. Residual damage in the form of end-of-range defects and dislocation loops in the region from the surface to a depth of similar to0.20 mum were examined by transmission electron microscopy. To the sensitivity of both x-ray diffraction and selected area diffraction pattern analysis, no secondary phases could be detected. Signatures of ferromagnetism were observed in all the highest dose samples, with apparent Curie temperatures of 50 K (Ni). 250 K (Mn). and 270 K (Fe). (C) 2002 American Vacuum Society. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Agere Syst, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 151742, South Korea. RP Theodoropoulou, N (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RI Park, Yun/A-9559-2008 OI Park, Yun/0000-0001-7699-0432 NR 27 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 5 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 20 IS 3 BP 579 EP 582 DI 10.1116/1.1465447 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 555RG UT WOS:000175806600001 ER PT J AU Overberg, ME Gila, BP Thaler, GT Abernathy, CR Pearton, SJ Theodoropoulou, NA McCarthy, KT Arnason, SB Hebard, AF Chu, SNG Wilson, RG Zavada, JM Park, YD AF Overberg, ME Gila, BP Thaler, GT Abernathy, CR Pearton, SJ Theodoropoulou, NA McCarthy, KT Arnason, SB Hebard, AF Chu, SNG Wilson, RG Zavada, JM Park, YD TI Room temperature magnetism in GaMnP produced by both ion implantation and molecular-beam epitaxy SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID SPIN INJECTION; SEMICONDUCTOR; GAN; FE; MAGNETOELECTRONICS; FERROMAGNETISM AB The magnetization of the dilute magnetic alloy GaMnP:C prepared by the implantation of Mn into p-GaP:C or by direct molecular-beam epitaxy is reported. The material implanted to produce a Mn level of 3% produces ferromagnetic behavior that persists up to a temperature of 330 K, while the epitaxially derived material shows evidence of ferromagnetism at a temperature of 300 K. In both cases, no second phases were observed by x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, or selected area diffraction pattern analysis. A phase diagram of the GaMnP:C system, determined by epitaxial growth, is also reported. (C) 2002 American Vacuum Society. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Agere Syst, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 151742, South Korea. RP Overberg, ME (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RI Park, Yun/A-9559-2008 OI Park, Yun/0000-0001-7699-0432 NR 24 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 4 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 20 IS 3 BP 969 EP 973 DI 10.1116/1.1477424 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 565FH UT WOS:000176358300036 ER PT J AU Stiff-Roberts, AD Krishna, S Bhattacharya, P Kennerly, S AF Stiff-Roberts, AD Krishna, S Bhattacharya, P Kennerly, S TI Low-bias, high-temperature performance of a normal-incidence InAs/GaAs vertical quantum-dot infrared photodetector with a current-blocking barrier SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th North American Conference on Molecular Beam Epitaxy CY OCT 01-03, 2001 CL BROWN UNIV, PROVIDENCE, RHODE ISLAND HO BROWN UNIV ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE; DETECTOR; PHOTOCONDUCTIVITY; ABSORPTION; ARRAYS AB The growth, fabrication, and characterization of a low-bias, high- temperature, InAs/GaAs vertical quantum dot infrared photodetector with a single Al0.3Ga0.7As current-blocking barrier are described and discussed. A specific detectivity approximate to 3 X 10(9) cm Hz(1/2)/W is measured at normal incidence for a detector temperature of 100 K at a bias of 0.2 V, and detector characteristics are measured for temperatures as high as 150 K. The equivalence of the activation energy and photoionization energy for thermionic emission in quantum dots is also verified. The superior low bias performance of the photodetector ensures its compatibility with commercially available silicon read-out circuits necessary for the fabrication of a focal plane array. (C) 2002 American Vacuum Society. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Solid State Elect Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Stiff-Roberts, AD (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Solid State Elect Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RI Krishna, Sanjay /C-5766-2009 NR 23 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 2 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 20 IS 3 BP 1185 EP 1187 DI 10.1116/1.1461370 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 565FH UT WOS:000176358300072 ER PT J AU Currier, JR deSouza, M Chanbancherd, P Bernstein, W Birx, DL Cox, JH AF Currier, JR deSouza, M Chanbancherd, P Bernstein, W Birx, DL Cox, JH TI Comprehensive screening for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype-specific CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocytes and definition of degenerate epitopes restricted by HLA-A0207 and -C(w)0304 Alleles SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CELLULAR IMMUNE-RESPONSES; HIV-1 INFECTION; PEPTIDE-BINDING; VACCINE DEVELOPMENT; FLANKING SEQUENCES; ESCAPE VARIANTS; RHESUS-MONKEYS; CTL RESPONSE; HLA-A; RECOGNITION AB For this report, the rapid identification and characterization of human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-1)-derived broadly cross-subtype-reactive CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes were performed. Using a gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) Elispot assay-based approach and a panel of recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing gag, env, pol, and nef genes representing the seven most predominant subtypes and one circulating recombinant form of HIV-1, the subtype specificity and cross-subtype reactivity of a CD8 response were directly measured from circulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Enhanced sensitivity of detection of CD8 responses from cryopreserved PBMC was achieved using autologous vaccinia virus-infected B-lymphoblastoid cell lines as supplemental antigen-presenting cells. Of eleven subjects studied, six exhibited broadly cross-subtype-reactive CD8-mediated IFN-gamma production (at least seven of eight subtypes recognized) to at least one major gene product from HIV-1. Screening of subjects showing broadly cross-subtype-specific responses in the vaccinia virus-based enzyme-linked immunospot (Elispot) assay using a panel of overlapping peptides resulted in the identification of cross-subtype responses down to the 20-mer peptide level in less than 3 days. Three subjects showed broad cross-subtype reactivity in both the IFN-gamma Elispot assay and the standard chromium release cytotoxicity assay. Fine mapping and HLA restriction analysis of the response from three subjects demonstrated that this technique can be used to define epitopes restricted by HLA-A, -B, and -C alleles. In addition, the ability of all three epitopes to be processed from multiple subtypes of their parent proteins and presented in the context of HLA class I molecules following de novo synthesis is shown. While all three minimal epitopes mapped here had previously been defined as HIV-1 epitopes, two are shown to have novel HLA restriction alleles and therefore exhibit degenerate HLA binding capacity. These findings provide biological validation of HLA supertypes in HIV-1 CTL recognition and support earlier studies of cross-subtype CTL responses during HIV-1 infection. C1 US Mil HIV Res Program, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Bangkok, Thailand. RP Currier, JR (reprint author), US Mil HIV Res Program, Suite 200,13 Taft Court, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. NR 83 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 76 IS 10 BP 4971 EP 4986 DI 10.1128/JVI.76.10.4971-4986.2002 PG 16 WC Virology SC Virology GA 546DK UT WOS:000175256500030 PM 11967314 ER PT J AU Cerco, CF Linker, L Sweeney, J Shenk, G Butt, AJ AF Cerco, CF Linker, L Sweeney, J Shenk, G Butt, AJ TI Nutrient and solids controls in Virginia's Chesapeake Bay tributaries SO JOURNAL OF WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT-ASCE LA English DT Article DE nutrients; Virginia; bays; Chesapeake Bay; solids; contaminants ID CORBICULA-FLUMINEA; POTOMAC RIVER; ASIATIC CLAM; MODEL AB A model package including a watershed model, an atmospheric loading model, a hydrodynamic model, and a eutrophication model are used to evaluate the benefit of nutrient and solids load controls on the Virginia tributaries to the Chesapeake Bay. Quantities examined include nutrients, solids, chlorophyll, anoxic volume, mesozooplankton, benthos, light attenuation, and submerged aquatic vegetation. Nutrient load controls are beneficial in reducing chlorophyll concentration and anoxic volume but produce no major benefits for zooplankton and benthos. Load controls benefit aquatic vegetation biomass, but more extensive solids controls are required to restore widespread SAV distribution. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. US EPA, Chesapeake Bay Program, Annapolis, MD USA. Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Bay Program, Annapolis, MD USA. RP Cerco, CF (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9496 J9 J WATER RES PL-ASCE JI J. Water Resour. Plan. Manage.-ASCE PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 128 IS 3 BP 179 EP 189 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 544VL UT WOS:000175182300003 ER PT J AU Basiev, TT Orlovskii, YV Galagan, BI Doroshenko, ME Vorob'ev, IN Dmitruk, LN Papashvili, AG Skvortsov, VN Konyushkin, VA Pukhov, KK Ermakov, GA Osiko, VV Prokhorov, AM Smith, S AF Basiev, TT Orlovskii, YV Galagan, BI Doroshenko, ME Vorob'ev, IN Dmitruk, LN Papashvili, AG Skvortsov, VN Konyushkin, VA Pukhov, KK Ermakov, GA Osiko, VV Prokhorov, AM Smith, S TI Evaluation of rare-earth doped crystals and glasses for 4-5-mu m lasing SO LASER PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LASER ACTION; RELAXATION AB Several schemes of laser excitation of mid-IR (4-6 mum) transitions for the Er3+, Dy3+, Pr3+, Nd3+, and Ce3+ ions were considered. Among them is cooperative excitation of the I-4(9/2) initial laser level of Er3+ in concentrated samples under 1.54 mum of erbium glass laser and two step excitation by the same laser as well as direct excitation into the I-4(9/2) initial laser level by Ti:Al2O3 laser. For Dy3+ different excitation schemes including excitation into the H-6(9/2); F-6(11/2) manifold lying higher than the H-6(11/2) initial laser level by 1.3 mum of YAG:Nd or oxygen iodine laser, or by 1.064 mum of YAG:Nd laser into the H-6(7/2); F-6(9/2) higher lying manifold, or sensitization of the next higher lying H-6(5/2) manifold by Yb3+ are considered. For Pr3+ cooperative excitation by 2 mum of thulium laser into the H-3(6) manifold as well as direct excitation of F-3(3) initial laser level by 1.54 mum of erbium glass laser and erbium sensitization of the same level are under consideration. For Nd3+ direct excitation of 41 15/2 initial laser level by 1.68 mum of YAG:Er laser as well as erbium sensitization of the same level pumped by 1.54 mum of erbium glass laser is considered. Recommendations for selection of the type of active solid state matrix for 4-5mum laser oscillation for different rare-earth ions are proposed. A 4-5-mum fluorescence spectra of Dy3+ in the new La; Ga; Ge sulfide glass and the KPb2Cl5 crystal, as well 4-6-mum fluorescence spectra of Dy1+, Pr1+, and Nd3+ in the KPb2Cl5 crystal were measured at room temperature. Emission and absorption characteristics of the H-6(9/2); F-6(11/2), H-6(11/2), and H-6(13/2) levels suitable for mid-IR laser generation scheme in the new La; Ga; Ge Dy3+ doped sulfide glasses were calculated from the absorption spectra. The fluorescence kinetics decay for the H-6(9/2); F-6(11/2),H-6(11/2), and H-6(13/2) manifolds of Dy3+ in the new sulfide glass was measured and compared with that for the other known sulfide and chloride solid state laser matrixes doped with dysprosium. The excitation scheme for sensitization of Ce3+ 4-6-mum transition by erbium using Ti:sapphire or diode laser pumping into the H-4(9/2) manifold is realized in fluoride crystal matrix. The fluorescence spectrum of Ce3+ in the La1-xCexF3 solid solutions co-doped with erbium for Er --> Ce fluorescence sensitization was measured in the 3.5-5.5-mum spectral region at room temperature. Fluorescence kinetics decay of the H-4(9/2) initial 4.6 mum laser level of erbium in the fluoride crystals with fluorite structure (CaF2, SrF2, BaF2, CdF2, and PbF2) and in the LaF3 crystal with hexagonal structure with short phonon spectra was measured at room temperature and 77 K. It was found that in the row of fluoride crystals doped with erbium the governing factor influenced multiphonon relaxation (MR) rates is the number of phonons n, which is determined by the maximum frequency of longitudinal optical phonons (omega(max)). A decrease of the maximum phonon frequency raises the number of phonons n. This decreases the MR rate and increases the fluorescence lifetimes for PbF2 and BaF2. The latter fact could be favorable in attaining laser generation in the 4-5-mum spectral region where multiphonon relaxation usually dominates. Influence of the unit cell dimension of crystal lattice (rare-earth ion to ligand distance R-0) on the MR rate is discussed. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Inst Gen Phys, Laser Mat & Technol Res Ctr, Moscow 119991, Russia. USA, Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Basiev, TT (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Gen Phys, Laser Mat & Technol Res Ctr, Ul Vavilova 38,Bld D, Moscow 119991, Russia. RI Orlovskii, Yurii/A-9639-2009 OI Orlovskii, Yurii/0000-0001-7234-8530 NR 29 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 7 PU INTERPERIODICA PI BIRMINGHAM PA PO BOX 1831, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35201-1831 USA SN 1054-660X J9 LASER PHYS JI Laser Phys. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 12 IS 5 BP 859 EP 877 PG 19 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 557RJ UT WOS:000175921500003 ER PT J AU Burgess, EB AF Burgess, EB TI A crew of one: The odyssey of a solo Martin fisherman. SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 USA Combined Arms Res Lib, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. RP Burgess, EB (reprint author), USA Combined Arms Res Lib, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD MAY 1 PY 2002 VL 127 IS 8 BP 108 EP 108 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 547NJ UT WOS:000175338400107 ER PT J AU Treharne, JT Sox, CR AF Treharne, JT Sox, CR TI Adaptive inventory control for nonstationary demand and partial information SO MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE inventory control; Markov-modulated demand; partially observed Markov decision process; myopic; limited look-ahead ID MARKOV DECISION-PROCESSES; MYOPIC POLICIES; MODELS; MANAGEMENT; LIKELIHOOD; BOUNDS AB This paper examines several different policies for an inventory control problem in which the demand process is nonstationary and partially observed. The probability distribution for the demand in each period is determined by the state of a Markov chain, the core process. However, the state of this core process is not directly observed, only the actual demand is observed by the decision maker. Given this demand process, the inventory control problem is a composite-state, partially observed Markov decision process (POMDP), which is an appropriate model for a number of dynamic demand problems. In practice, managers often use certainty equivalent control (CEC) policies to solve such a problem. However, this paper presents results that demonstrate that there are other practical control policies that almost always provide much better solutions for this problem than the CEC policies commonly used in practice. The computational results also indicate how specific problem characteristics influence the performance of each of the alternative policies. C1 USA, TRADOC Anal Ctr, Ft Leavenworth, KS 66027 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Ind & Syst Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Treharne, JT (reprint author), USA, TRADOC Anal Ctr, Ft Leavenworth, KS 66027 USA. NR 36 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 16 PU INST OPERATIONS RESEARCH MANAGEMENT SCIENCES PI LINTHICUM HTS PA 901 ELKRIDGE LANDING RD, STE 400, LINTHICUM HTS, MD 21090-2909 USA SN 0025-1909 J9 MANAGE SCI JI Manage. Sci. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 48 IS 5 BP 607 EP 624 DI 10.1287/mnsc.48.5.607.7807 PG 18 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 557XY UT WOS:000175935400002 ER PT J AU Litvin, FL Fuentes, A Fan, Q Handschuh, RF AF Litvin, FL Fuentes, A Fan, Q Handschuh, RF TI Computerized design, simulation of meshing, and contact and stress analysis of face-milled formate generated spiral bevel gears SO MECHANISM AND MACHINE THEORY LA English DT Article AB A new approach for design, tooth contact analysis (TCA) and stress analysis of formate generated spiral bevel gears is proposed. The advantage of formate generation is the higher productivity. The purposes of the proposed approach are to overcome difficulties of surface conjugation caused by formate generation, develop a low noise and stabilized bearing contact, and perform stress analysis. The approach proposed is based on application of four procedures that enable in sequence to provide a predesigned parabolic function of transmission errors with limited magnitude of maximal transmission errors, a bearing contact with reduced shift of contact caused by misalignment, and perform stress analysis based on application of Finite Element Method. The advantage of the approach developed for finite element analysis (FEA) is the automatic generation of finite element models with multi-pairs of teeth. The stress analysis is accomplished by direct application of ABAQUS. Intermediate auxiliary CAD computer programs for development of solid models are not required. The theory developed is illustrated with an example of design and computation. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Mech Engn, Gear Res Ctr, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, USA Res Lab, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Litvin, FL (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Mech Engn, Gear Res Ctr, POB 4348, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. RI Fuentes Aznar, Alfonso/A-4259-2015 OI Fuentes Aznar, Alfonso/0000-0001-7882-4999 NR 14 TC 43 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0094-114X J9 MECH MACH THEORY JI Mech. Mach. Theory PD MAY PY 2002 VL 37 IS 5 BP 441 EP 459 AR PII S0094-114X(01)00086-6 DI 10.1016/S0094-114X(01)00086-6 PG 19 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 550BB UT WOS:000175482500002 ER PT J AU Weeks, S Hill, J Friedlander, A Welkos, S AF Weeks, S Hill, J Friedlander, A Welkos, S TI Anti-V antigen antibody protects macrophages from Yersinia pestis-induced cell death and promotes phagocytosis SO MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS LA English DT Article DE Yersinia pestis; V antigen; apoptosis; phagocytosis ID TYROSINE PHOSPHATASE; ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION; PNEUMONIC PLAGUE; PASSIVE-IMMUNITY; FUSION PEPTIDE; HELA-CELLS; ENTEROCOLITICA; VIRULENCE; PSEUDOTUBERCULOSIS; YOPH AB The pathogenic Yersinia spp. harbor a common plasmid (pYV) essential for virulence. The plasmid encodes a type III secretion system that functions to translocate Yersinia outer proteins (Yops) into the host cytosol. Within the host cell, the Yops act to inhibit phagocytosis and induce apoptosis. One of the plasmid-encoded proteins, virulence antigen (V), is a major protective immunogen that is involved in Yop translocation. Yersinia pestis, like the enteric Yersinia spp., was both resistant to phagocytosis by and cytotoxic for J774.A1, a murine macrophage cell line. Both of these activities were dependent on culture of the bacteria at 37degreesC for 1.5-2 h before infection. However, extending the preculture period at 37degreesC to 24 h, which induced formation of a capsule, completely blocked cytotoxicity. Treating the bacteria with either rabbit polyclonal anti-V antibodies (R anti-V) or monoclonal antibody (MAb) 7.3, antibodies specific for V and protective against plague in vivo, protected J774.A1 cells from Y. pestis-induced cell death and also reversed the inhibition of phagocytosis. Whereas protection against cell cytotoxicity was afforded by the F(ab')(2) portion of R anti-V, the ability of anti-V to induce uptake of Y. pestis appeared to be dependent on the Fc portion of the Ab. The protective epitope(s) recognized by R anti-V was contained in the central region of Y. pestis V (aa 135-275) and were partially cross reactive with Y. pseudotuberculosis and Y. enterocolitica serotype 08 V antigens. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USA, Div Bacteriol, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. Def Evaluat & Res Agcy, Dept Biomed Sci, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, Wilts, England. RP Welkos, S (reprint author), USA, Div Bacteriol, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. NR 56 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0882-4010 J9 MICROB PATHOGENESIS JI Microb. Pathog. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 32 IS 5 BP 227 EP 237 DI 10.1006/mpat.2002.0498 PG 11 WC Immunology; Microbiology SC Immunology; Microbiology GA 568RL UT WOS:000176556500003 PM 12071679 ER PT J AU Edwards, QT Johnson, C Mason, S Boyle, G AF Edwards, QT Johnson, C Mason, S Boyle, G TI Differentiation of the health behavior patterns related to prostate cancer screening among African-American men in military settings SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Association-of-Military-Surgeons-of-the-United-States CY NOV, 2000 CL LAS VEGAS, NEVADA SP Assoc Military Surg US ID BELIEF MODEL; KNOWLEDGE; TRIAL AB The objectives of this study were to identify, describe, classify, and differentiate African-American men (AAM) in military settings according to the frequency with which they regularly, infrequently, or did not screen for prostate cancer using factors of the Health Belief Model. Participants in the study included 147 military health care beneficiaries who were AAM 40 years of age and older. Self-reporting questionnaires were used to collect data pertaining to the objectives. The results revealed that 85% of the men reported having screened for prostate cancer and more than 54% of them reported screening "annually." Discriminant analysis statistics revealed that age, education, and "perceived benefits" of the digital rectal examination and the prostate-specific antigen test best differentiated AAM who screened annually compared with nonscreeners. Educating AAM on the benefits and efficacy of the digital rectal examination and prostate-specific antigen tests may be helpful in increasing screening practices in this high-risk group. C1 George Mason Univ, Nurse Practioner Program, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Internal Med Clin, Washington, DC USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Urol Clin, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Edwards, QT (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Nurse Practioner Program, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. NR 39 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 167 IS 5 BP 374 EP 378 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DU UT WOS:000181420600003 PM 12053844 ER PT J AU Bruins, MR Okano, CK Lyons, TP Lukey, BJ AF Bruins, MR Okano, CK Lyons, TP Lukey, BJ TI Drug-positive rates for the army from fiscal years 1991 to 2000 and for the national guard from fiscal years 1997 to 2000 SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID STATES MILITARY PERSONNEL; ALCOHOL AB This article examines the positive rate by drug for all urinalysis specimens tested by the U.S. Army from fiscal year 1991 (FY91) to FY00 and for the Army National Guard (NG) from FY97 to FY00. The average positive rate for the Army from FY91 to FYOO was 0.84%. In FY00, the Army rate reached a 10-year high of 1.04%. From FY97 to FYOO, the NG positive rate declined from 3.4% to 2.16% but was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than the Army rate during the same period. Marijuana and cocaine are the most abused drugs for both the Army and NG. The positive rate for marijuana in the Army from FY91 to FY00 was 0.51%, and the cocaine rate was 0.19%. The NG marijuana-positive rate from FY97 to FY00 was 1.70%, and the cocaine rate was 0.51%. The positive rate for all other drugs of abuse tested was less than 0.3% for both the Army and NG during the same periods. The overall positive rate for the Army and NG are below those estimated (6.3%) in the civilian population. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Tripler Forens Toxicol Drug Testing Lab, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Bruins, MR (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Tripler Forens Toxicol Drug Testing Lab, Bldg 40,1 Jarrett White Rd, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 167 IS 5 BP 379 EP 383 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DU UT WOS:000181420600004 PM 12053845 ER PT J AU DiBenedetto, M Yoshida, M Sharp, M Jones, B AF DiBenedetto, M Yoshida, M Sharp, M Jones, B TI Foot evaluation by infrared imaging SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID STRESS-FRACTURES; DIAGNOSIS AB For better assessment of foot injury severity during basic military training, we evaluated a simple noninvasive technique: thermography. With this infrared imaging method, we determined normal foot parameters (from 30 soldiers before training), thermographic findings in different foot stress fractures (from 30 soldiers so diagnosed), and normal responses to abnormal stresses in 30 trainees who underwent the same training as the previous group but did not have musculoskeletal complaints. We found that normal foot thermograms show onion peel-like progressive cooling on the plantar surface, with a medially located warm center at the instep. Thermograms of injured feet show areas of increased heat, but excessive weight-bearing pressures on feet, new shoes, or boots also cause increased infrared emission even without discomfort. Differentiation remains difficult; however, thermography can detect injury early. It does not reveal exact diagnoses, but its greatest benefit is easy follow-up to monitor severity and healing. C1 Univ Virginia, Dept Phys Med & Rehabil, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. Zablocki Vet Adm Med Ctr, Med Coll Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53295 USA. DeWitt Army Med Ctr, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP DiBenedetto, M (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Phys Med & Rehabil, 545 Ray C Hunt Dr,Suite 240, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 167 IS 5 BP 384 EP 392 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DU UT WOS:000181420600005 PM 12053846 ER PT J AU Hunt, SC Richardson, RD Engel, CC AF Hunt, SC Richardson, RD Engel, CC TI Clinical management of Gulf War veterans with medically unexplained physical symptoms SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ILLNESS; PATIENT; CARE; ATTRIBUTIONS; PREVALENCE; POPULATION; HEALTH; PAIN AB Veterans of the Persian Gulf War have increased rates of medically unexplained physical symptoms (MUPS). This article describes a model for the clinical management of MUPS in Gulf War veterans. Predisposing, precipitating, and perpetuating factors contribute to the emergence and clinical course of MUPS. Predisposing factors include biologically and psychosocially determined vulnerabilities that render individuals more susceptible to MUPS and related morbidity. Precipitating factors promote the onset of MUPS. These factors are triggering events that serve to initiate episodes of MUPS. Perpetuating factors sustain illness. They maintain, exacerbate, or prolong MUPS and associated distress and disability. Intervention involves identifying and addressing all relevant predisposing, precipitating, and perpetuating factors. A representative patient vignette is presented to illustrate the clinical utility of the model for a Gulf War veteran with MUPS. C1 Vet Affairs Puget Sound Hlth Care Syst, Seattle Div, Seattle, WA USA. Univ Washington, Sch Med, Seattle, WA USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Psychiat, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Deployment Hlth Clin Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Hunt, SC (reprint author), Vet Affairs Puget Sound Hlth Care Syst, Seattle Div, Seattle, WA USA. NR 32 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 167 IS 5 BP 414 EP 420 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DU UT WOS:000181420600010 PM 12053851 ER PT J AU Warme, WJ Todd, MS AF Warme, WJ Todd, MS TI The circumferential antishock sheet SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID UNSTABLE PELVIC FRACTURES; EXTERNAL FIXATION; RING; MORTALITY; MANAGEMENT; HEMORRHAGE; CLASSIFICATION; INJURIES; TRAUMA; MAST AB Hemorrhage control in patients with pelvic ring disruptions remains problematic. To decrease bleeding, efforts have been made to acutely reduce and stabilize the pelvis. The goals of rapid pelvic reduction and stabilization are restoration of normal pelvic volume, protection of the early clot, and improved patient comfort. The use of military antishock trousers, hip spica casts, external fixators, antishock pelvic clamps, early open reduction/internal fixation, and open packing have been reported in the literature. A simple temporary technique of reduction is reported using a circumferential bed sheet. The sheet is placed between the iliac crests and the greater trochanters, encircling the pelvis. The circumferential sheet provides stabilization for transportation and allows transfemoral angiographic embolization or exploratory laparotomy at the receiving hospital. Definitive fixation can then be accomplished. C1 William Beaumont Army Med Ctr, Dept Orthoped Surg, Ft Bliss, TX 79920 USA. RP Warme, WJ (reprint author), William Beaumont Army Med Ctr, Dept Orthoped Surg, Ft Bliss, TX 79920 USA. NR 34 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 167 IS 5 BP 438 EP 441 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DU UT WOS:000181420600016 PM 12053857 ER PT J AU Daly, CM Grieger, T AF Daly, CM Grieger, T TI Mary, a 4-year-old with oppositional defiant disorder SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Objective: Examine the treatment course of a 4-year-old girl with oppositional defiant disorder, which developed in the context of her father's deployment to Bosnia. Method: A case report of the interventions made with this patient and her clinical outcomes. Results: The patient's behavior improved substantially with regular therapy sessions and with a designated playtime with her mother. Conclusions: One possible cause of oppositional defiant disorder is a parent-child attachment deficit. In this case, the child's parents are both active duty service members and her father was deployed overseas. Young children have difficulty verbalizing feelings of loss and may respond behaviorally by exerting control over their immediate environment. Some children may respond to unstructured play sessions in which they are able to express feelings and gain some control in their interactions with adults. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Daly, CM (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, 6900 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 167 IS 5 BP 442 EP 444 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DU UT WOS:000181420600017 PM 12053858 ER PT J AU Jensen, L AF Jensen, L TI A battlefield at home: Responding to the terrorist attack on the Pentagon (Recovery effort by Army curators) SO MUSEUM NEWS LA English DT Article C1 USA, Ctr Mil Hist, Museum Div, Collect Branch, Washington, DC USA. RP Jensen, L (reprint author), USA, Ctr Mil Hist, Museum Div, Collect Branch, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC MUSEUMS PI WASHINGTON PA 1575 EYE ST, NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0027-4089 J9 MUSEUM NEWS JI Mus. News PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 81 IS 3 BP 51 EP 53 PG 3 WC Art SC Art GA 609NT UT WOS:000178912400032 ER PT J AU Gupta, N Dahmani, R Choy, S AF Gupta, N Dahmani, R Choy, S TI Acousto-optic tunable filter based visible- to near-infrared spectropolarimetric imager SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE hyperspectral imaging; polarization imaging; spectropolarimetry; acousto-optic tunable filter; liquid crystal retarder; Stokes parameters ID AOTF AB A compact, lightweight, robust, and field-portable spectropolarimetric imager is developed to acquire spectropolarimetric images both in the laboratory and outdoors. This imager uses a tellurium dioxide (TeO2) acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF) as an agile spectral selection element and a nematic liquid-crystal variable retardation (LCVR) plate as a tunable polarization selection device with an off-the-shelf charge-coupled device (CCD) camera and optics. The spectral range of operation is from 400 to 800 nm with a 10-nm spectral resolution at 600 nm. Each spectral image is acquired with two retardation values corresponding to the horizontal and vertical incident polarizations. The operation of the imager and image acquisition is computer controlled. We describe the instrument and its operation and present results of our measurements. (C) 2002 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Gupta, N (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Gupta, Neelam/B-8702-2013 NR 18 TC 63 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPIE-INT SOCIETY OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 41 IS 5 BP 1033 EP 1038 DI 10.1117/1.1467936 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 551VQ UT WOS:000175583500018 ER PT J AU Weyrauch, T Vorontsov, MA AF Weyrauch, T Vorontsov, MA TI Dynamic wave-front distortion compensation with a 134-control-channel submillisecond adaptive system SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OPTIMIZATION; OPTICS AB A 134-control-channel adaptive-optics system consisting of a microelectromechanical minor array (mu-mirror), a wave-front tilt-control mirror, and a very large scale integration controller utilizing a stochastic gradient-descent optimization of a performance metric is presented. A maximum adaptation rate of similar to11,000 iterations Is was achieved. The system was used to demonstrate real-time compensation for dynamic phase distortions from a laboratory-generated turbulence simulator in a laser-focusing experiment. (C) 2002 Optical Society of America. C1 USA, Res Lab, Computat & Informat Sci Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Weyrauch, T (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Computat & Informat Sci Directorate, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 8 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD MAY 1 PY 2002 VL 27 IS 9 BP 751 EP 753 DI 10.1364/OL.27.000751 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 546QC UT WOS:000175284000026 PM 18007921 ER PT J AU Casler, J AF Casler, J TI Authorship, publication, and being a good doctor SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Clin Otolaryngol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Casler, J (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Clin Otolaryngol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 126 IS 5 BP 457 EP 458 DI 10.1067/mhn.2002.124846 PG 2 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 564HK UT WOS:000176308800001 PM 12075217 ER PT J AU Affleck, BD Malis, DJ Whittemore, DE Torgerson, SJ AF Affleck, BD Malis, DJ Whittemore, DE Torgerson, SJ TI Psammomatoid ossifying fibroma of the temporal bone SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Affleck, BD (reprint author), Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, 859 SGOS MCSR,2200 Bergquist Ste 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 126 IS 5 BP 585 EP 587 DI 10.1067/mhn.2002.124435 PG 3 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 564HK UT WOS:000176308800021 PM 12075237 ER PT J AU Meyer, KF AF Meyer, KF TI Lightweight concrete for pretensioned bridge girders SO PCI JOURNAL LA English DT Letter C1 USA, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Meyer, KF (reprint author), USA, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PRECAST/PRESTRESSED CONCRETE INST PI CHICAGO PA 175 W JACKSON BLVD, CHICAGO, IL 60604 USA SN 0887-9672 J9 PCI J JI PCI J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 47 IS 3 BP 125 EP 125 PG 1 WC Construction & Building Technology SC Construction & Building Technology GA 561GX UT WOS:000176132800017 ER PT J AU Munavalli, S Rohrbaugh, DK Longo, FR Durst, HD AF Munavalli, S Rohrbaugh, DK Longo, FR Durst, HD TI Trifluoromethylthiolation of masked carbonyl precursors: Reaction of trifluoromethylsulfenyl chloride with enol acetates SO PHOSPHORUS SULFUR AND SILICON AND THE RELATED ELEMENTS LA English DT Article DE enol acetates; GC-MS identification; trifluoromethylthiolation. ID GRIGNARD-REAGENTS; PERFLUOROALKYL; FLUORINATION; CHEMISTRY; SULFIDES; ALPHA AB Incorporation of fluorine and fluorine containing groups such as trifluoromethyl and trifluoromethylthio moieties considerably enhances the biological property and potency of the parent products. This communication describes the results of trifluoromethylthiolation of masked carbonyl precursors such as enol acetates, the mechanism of formation and mass spectral characterization of the compounds formed. C1 Geocenters Inc, Gunpowder Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Munavalli, S (reprint author), Geocenters Inc, Gunpowder Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 73 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1042-6507 J9 PHOSPHORUS SULFUR JI Phosphorus Sulfur Silicon Relat. Elem. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 177 IS 5 BP 1073 EP 1083 DI 10.1080/10426500290092343 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 560RH UT WOS:000176094700004 ER PT J AU Munavalli, S Rohrbaugh, DK Rossman, DI Durst, HD AF Munavalli, S Rohrbaugh, DK Rossman, DI Durst, HD TI 1-(trimethylsilyl)-1,2,4-triazene: A novel free radical initiator SO PHOSPHORUS SULFUR AND SILICON AND THE RELATED ELEMENTS LA English DT Article DE mono- and bis-(trifluoromethylthio)- and mono-; and dichloropentanes; new free radical initiator; triazene ID S-S BONDS; ORGANIC-SYNTHESIS; C-S; REAGENTS AB The reaction of 1-(trimethylsilyl)-1,2,4-triazene with trifluoromethylsulfenyl chloride in dry n-pentane furnishes a complex mixture containing 11 compounds. All but six of them are derived from the reaction of the thiyl or chlorine radicals with n-pentane. The probable mechanism of their formation and mass spectral characterization are presented in this article. C1 Geocenters Inc, Gunpowder Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Munavalli, S (reprint author), Geocenters Inc, Gunpowder Branch, POB 80, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 41 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1042-6507 J9 PHOSPHORUS SULFUR JI Phosphorus Sulfur Silicon Relat. Elem. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 177 IS 5 BP 1109 EP 1116 DI 10.1080/10426500290092389 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 560RH UT WOS:000176094700008 ER PT J AU Munavalli, S Rohrbaugh, DK Berg, FJ McMahon, LR Longo, FR Durst, HD AF Munavalli, S Rohrbaugh, DK Berg, FJ McMahon, LR Longo, FR Durst, HD TI Reactions of trifluoromethylsulfenyl chloride with 1,5-cyclooctadiene SO PHOSPHORUS SULFUR AND SILICON AND THE RELATED ELEMENTS LA English DT Article DE adduct formation; cyclooctadiene; dimerization; free radical reaction products; isomerization; trifluoromethylthiolation ID DIMETHYL(METHYLTHIO)SULFONIUM FLUOROBORATE DMTSF; NUCLEOPHILIC-ATTACK; BIS(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)TRISULFIDE; TRIFLUOROMETHYLTHIOCOPPER; ADDITIONS; REAGENTS; ALKENES AB The reaction of 1,5-cyclooctadiene with F3CSCl at -80degreesC has been examined and found to furnish both di- and tetrasubstituted adducts. Their mass spectra show the presence of the intact cyclooctyl ring. However, photolyis of a solution of 1,5-cyclooctadiene and F3CSCl in dry pentane yields addition, isomerization and dimerization as well as free radical products. The rationalization of the formation of the above products along with their mass spectral characterization is described in this communication. C1 Geocenters Inc, Gunpowder Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Munavalli, S (reprint author), Geocenters Inc, Gunpowder Branch, POB 68, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 60 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1042-6507 J9 PHOSPHORUS SULFUR JI Phosphorus Sulfur Silicon Relat. Elem. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 177 IS 5 BP 1117 EP 1125 DI 10.1080/10426500290092398 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 560RH UT WOS:000176094700009 ER PT J AU Kisin, MV Stroscio, MA Belenky, G Luryi, S AF Kisin, MV Stroscio, MA Belenky, G Luryi, S TI Interband phonon assisted tunneling in InAs/GaSb heterostructures SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Phonon Scattering in Condensed Matter CY AUG 12-17, 2001 CL DARTMOUTH COLL, HANOVER, NEW HAMPSHIRE HO DARTMOUTH COLL DE type-II heterostructures; LO-phonon emission; interband transitions AB The rate of LO-phonon assisted interband transitions in an InAs/GaSb double quantum well heterostructure is compared with the elastic interband tunneling rate through the heterostructure 'leaky window'. We show that the phonon-assisted process can dominate over the elastic tunneling if the initial and final electron states anticross and the anticrossing gap is smaller than the LO-phonon energy. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Kisin, MV (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD MAY PY 2002 VL 316 BP 223 EP 225 AR PII S0921-4526(02)00464-7 DI 10.1016/S0921-4526(02)00464-7 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 564CL UT WOS:000176297400049 ER PT J AU Komirenko, SM Kim, KW Kochelap, VA Stroscio, MA AF Komirenko, SM Kim, KW Kochelap, VA Stroscio, MA TI Confinement and amplification of terahertz acoustic phonons in cubic heterostructures SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Phonon Scattering in Condensed Matter CY AUG 12-17, 2001 CL DARTMOUTH COLL, HANOVER, NEW HAMPSHIRE HO DARTMOUTH COLL DE acoustic phonon confinement; phonon amplification; elastic anisotropy AB A general criterion for phonon confinement is derived in the model of elastically anisotropic (cubic) media. The results are applied to the calculation of the dispersion curves of the confined phonons in Si/Si1-xGex/Si and AlAs/GaAs/AlAs heterostructures. For these structures, we show that the lowest-order phonon branches behave differently from those in the model of isotropic media. We have found that confinement is strong in the terahertz frequency range. For p-Si/SiGe/Si and n-AlAs/GaAs/AlAs quantum well heterostructures, we have studied the effect of amplification of confined high-frequency phonons by the drift of low-dimensional carriers. Two electron-phonon interaction mechanisms were taken into account: interaction via the deformation potential (p-SiGe and n-AlGaAs) and the piezoelectric interaction (n-AlGaAs). It was found that an amplification coefficient of the order of 10(2) cm(-1) for the AlGaAs heterostructures and 10(3) cm(-1) for the SiGe heterostructures can be obtained in spectrally-separated narrow amplification bands. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Inst Semicond Phys, UA-252650 Kiev, Ukraine. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Komirenko, SM (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 301-A,EGRC,1010 Main Campus, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD MAY PY 2002 VL 316 BP 356 EP 358 AR PII S0921-4526(02)00506-9 DI 10.1016/S0921-4526(02)00506-9 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 564CL UT WOS:000176297400086 ER PT J AU Romanov, D Mitin, V Stroscio, M AF Romanov, D Mitin, V Stroscio, M TI Optical phonons in GaN/AlN quantum dots: leaky modes SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Phonon Scattering in Condensed Matter CY AUG 12-17, 2001 CL DARTMOUTH COLL, HANOVER, NEW HAMPSHIRE HO DARTMOUTH COLL DE quantum dots; GaN/AlN; optical phonons; leaky states AB Surface polar vibrations of a GaN quantum dot in AlN matrix are analyzed in the framework of the macroscopic dielectric continuum model. The conditions are found for existence of surface modes on a quantum dot of oblate spheroidal form. These conditions determine continuum frequency regions rather than quantized frequencies. The found modes are peculiar leaky states. They can provide effective energy relaxation of the confined electrons. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Wayne State Univ, Dept ECE, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Romanov, D (reprint author), Wayne State Univ, Dept ECE, 5050 Anthony Wayne Dr, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. NR 3 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD MAY PY 2002 VL 316 BP 359 EP 361 AR PII S0921-4526(02)00507-0 DI 10.1016/S0921-4526(02)00507-0 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 564CL UT WOS:000176297400087 ER PT J AU Bloemer, M Myneni, K Centini, M Scalora, M D'Aguanno, G AF Bloemer, M Myneni, K Centini, M Scalora, M D'Aguanno, G TI Transit time of optical pulses propagating through a finite length medium SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID BAND-GAP STRUCTURES; VELOCITY AB We present experimental and theoretical results on the transit time of optical pulses propagating through bulk media of finite length, specifically GaAs and silica. The transit time of the peak of the pulse varies with the central wavelength due to the etalon effects caused by the reflectivity at the air/medium boundaries. For transform limited optical pulses, the transit time as a function of wavelength follows the transmittance spectrum, that is, the longest transit time occurs at the transmittance maxima where the cavity dwell time is the longest and the shortest transit time occurs at the transmittance minima. The results are dramatically different for chirped pulses obtained by modulating the injection current of a diode laser. The range in the transit times for chirped pulses is a factor of four times larger compared with transform limited pulses. In addition, the transit time for chirped pulses propagating through the GaAs sample is negative at certain wavelengths. Also, the transmitted pulse is not distorted. Although modulating the injection current of a diode laser is the most common method for generating optical pulses, to our knowledge this is the first reported observation of the transit time of these chirped optical pulses propagating through a simple etalon structure. C1 USA, Aviat & Missile Command, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, AMSAM RD WS ID, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Energet, INFM, I-00161 Rome, Italy. RP Bloemer, M (reprint author), USA, Aviat & Missile Command, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, AMSAM RD WS ID, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. EM Mark.Bloemer@ws.redstone.army.mil NR 13 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD MAY PY 2002 VL 65 IS 5 AR 056615 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.65.056615 PN 2 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 568PZ UT WOS:000176552500115 PM 12059739 ER PT J AU Woolard, DL Globus, TR Gelmont, BL Bykhovskaia, M Samuels, AC Cookmeyer, D Hesler, JL Crowe, TW Jensen, JO Jensen, JL Loerop, WR AF Woolard, DL Globus, TR Gelmont, BL Bykhovskaia, M Samuels, AC Cookmeyer, D Hesler, JL Crowe, TW Jensen, JO Jensen, JL Loerop, WR TI Submillimeter-wave phonon modes in DNA macromolecules SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID FAR-INFRARED ABSORPTION; GROUP-I INTRONS; VIBRATIONAL-MODES; LOW-FREQUENCY; DOUBLE HELIX; SCATTERING; POLYMER; POLYNUCLEOTIDES; SPECTROSCOPY; MOLECULES AB A detailed investigation of phonon modes in DNA macromolecules is presented. This work presents experimental evidence to confirm the presence of multiple dielectric resonances in the submillimeter-wave spectra (i.e., similar to0.01-10 THz) obtained from DNA samples. These long-wave (i.e., similar to 1-30 cm(-1)) absorption features are shown to be intrinsic properties of the particular DNA sequence under study. Most importantly, a direct comparison of spectra between different DNA samples reveals a large number of modes and a reasonable level of sequence-specific uniqueness. This work establishes the initial foundation for the future use of submillimeter-wave spectroscopy in the identification and characterization of DNA macromolecules. C1 USA, Res Off, Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Elect Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. USA, Soldier Biol & Chem Command, Edgewood, MD 21040 USA. RP Woolard, DL (reprint author), USA, Res Off, Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 32 TC 64 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD MAY PY 2002 VL 65 IS 5 AR 051903 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.65.051903 PN 1 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 568PX UT WOS:000176552300080 PM 12059589 ER PT J AU Okunji, CO Ware, TA Hicks, RP Iwu, MM Skanchy, DJ AF Okunji, CO Ware, TA Hicks, RP Iwu, MM Skanchy, DJ TI Capillary electrophoresis determination biflavanones from Garcinia kola in three traditional African medicinal formulations SO PLANTA MEDICA LA English DT Article DE capillary electrophoresis; Garcinia kola; kolaviron; biflavanone ID FLAVONOID-O-GLYCOSIDES; MAGNETIZATION TRANSFER; BORATE COMPLEXATION; CHROMATOGRAPHY; SEPARATION AB A rapid capillary electrophoresis (CE) method for the quantification of four biologically active biflavanones present in three different traditional African medicinal preparations from the seeds of Garcinia kola was developed. The four biflavanones of interest (GB1, GB2 and GB1-glycoside and kolaflavanone) were quantified in a traditional tea preparation, and two commercially available ethanolic formulations. The optimum separation conditions consisted of a 100 mM borate, pH 9.5 running buffer, which gave baseline resolution of all four components in less than 12 minutes. Linear calibration ranges for each component were between 2.5 and 1000 mug/mL. Limits of detection for the biflavanones quantified in this study were between 3 and 6 mug/mL The "fingerprint" of the biflavanones in the aqueous tea and two ethanolic formulations was found to be similar, however concentrations of the four biflavanones were up to 50 fold higher in the ethanolic preparations. The major component in all three formulations was GB1. C1 Int Ctr Ethnomed & Drug Dev, Nsukka, Nigeria. Bioresources Dev & Conservat Program, Silver Spring, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Dept Med Chem, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Skanchy, DJ (reprint author), Forens Toxicol Drug Testing Lab, Attn MCHL UDL,2490 Wilson St,Ft George G, Meade, MD 20755 USA. NR 23 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0032-0943 J9 PLANTA MED JI Planta Med. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 68 IS 5 BP 440 EP 444 DI 10.1055/s-2002-32091 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA 562WH UT WOS:000176221600012 PM 12058322 ER PT J AU Al-Chaar, GK Hasan, HA AF Al-Chaar, GK Hasan, HA TI Dynamic response and seismic testing of CMU walls rehabilitated with composite material applied to only one side SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF CIVIL ENGINEERS-STRUCTURES AND BUILDINGS LA English DT Article DE dynamics; rehabilitation reclamation & renovation; seismic engineering AB This project consisted of an analytical investigation and seismic shake table testing of unreinforced masonry bearing and shear walls. The analytical investigation consisted of pseudo-static and dynamic analyses of existing unreinforced concrete masonry unit (CMU) walls. The shake table testing programme consisted of uniaxial and triaxial time history testing of unreinforced masonry walls retrofitted with fibreglass composite material applied as an overlay to only one side of the walls. This paper discusses the dynamic behaviour of the analytical and physical models, the performance of the overlay composite material system, recommendations on using the system for seismic rehabilitation and retrofit of unreinforced masonry walls, and comparisons of the analytical and seismic test results. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Champaign, IL USA. Tennessee Valley Author, Knoxville, TN USA. RP Al-Chaar, GK (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Champaign, IL USA. NR 9 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU THOMAS TELFORD SERVICES LTD PI LONDON PA THOMAS TELFORD HOUSE, 1 HERON QUAY, LONDON E14 4JD, ENGLAND SN 0965-0911 J9 P I CIVIL ENG-STR B JI Proc. Inst. Civil Eng.-Struct. Build. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 152 IS 2 BP 135 EP 146 PG 12 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 585RD UT WOS:000177537600005 ER PT J AU Armstrong, SC Cozza, KL Benedek, DM AF Armstrong, SC Cozza, KL Benedek, DM TI Med-psych drug-drug interactions update SO PSYCHOSOMATICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Tual Forest Grove Hosp, Ctr Geriatr Psychiat, Forest Grove, OR 97116 USA. Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Portland, OR 97201 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Infect Dis Serv, Dept Med, Washington, DC USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Forens Psychiat Serv, Washington, DC USA. RP Armstrong, SC (reprint author), Tual Forest Grove Hosp, Ctr Geriatr Psychiat, 1809 Maple St, Forest Grove, OR 97116 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC PRESS, INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1400 K ST, N W, STE 1101, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3182 J9 PSYCHOSOMATICS JI Psychosomatics PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 43 IS 3 BP 245 EP 247 DI 10.1176/appi.psy.43.3.245 PG 3 WC Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychiatry; Psychology GA 553RM UT WOS:000175689300013 PM 12075043 ER PT J AU Watt, G Jongsakul, K Ruangvirayuth, R AF Watt, G Jongsakul, K Ruangvirayuth, R TI A pilot study of N-acetylcysteine as adjunctive therapy for severe malaria SO QJM-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; FALCIPARUM-INFECTED ERYTHROCYTES; CEREBRAL MALARIA; AFRICAN CHILDREN; INJURY; CD36 AB Background: The case fatality rate of severe malaria remains unacceptably high. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is a safe compound that inhibits tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and impedes cytoadherence, both of which have been implicated in the pathogenesis of malaria complications. Aim: To evaluate NAC as adjunctive therapy in severe malaria. Design: A placebo-controlled, double-blind prospective study, with serum lactate level as the principal objective measure of response. Methods: Thirty adult males with severe, quinine-treated malaria received either 300 mg/kg of NAC or placebo, over 20 h. Results: Serum lactate levels normalized twice as quickly after NAC (median 21 h, 95%CI 12-36 h) as after placebo (median 42 h, 95%CI 30-84 h; p=0.002, Mann-Whitney U test). Twenty-four hours after admission, 10/15 (67%) NAC-group patients but only 3/15 (20%) placebo-group patients had normal lactate concentrations (p=0.01, Fisher exact test). NAC-treated patients could be switched from intravenous to oral therapy earlier than individuals who received placebo (42 h vs. 51 h after admission) but the difference was not significant (p=0.28, Mann-Whitney U test). Discussion: NAC's mechanism of action in malaria is unclear, since it did not markedly alter plasma cytokine profiles. Trials of NAC adjunctive therapy for complicated malaria, with mortality as an endpoint, appear to be warranted. C1 Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, USAMC, Dept Retrovirol, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. RP Watt, G (reprint author), Retrovirol Dept, DTM&H, APO, AP 96546 USA. NR 18 TC 47 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1460-2725 J9 QJM-INT J MED JI QJM-An Int. J. Med. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 95 IS 5 BP 285 EP 290 DI 10.1093/qjmed/95.5.285 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 548QQ UT WOS:000175400700004 PM 11978899 ER PT J AU Scott, L Whittingham, DG AF Scott, L Whittingham, DG TI Role of facilitative glucose uptake in the glucose-inorganic phosphate-mediated retardation and inhibition of development in different strains of mouse embryos SO REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article ID WATER CHANNEL; CZB MEDIUM; TRANSPORTERS; EXPRESSION; METABOLISM; LOCALIZATION; BLASTOCYST; SYSTEM; CELLS AB Mouse embryos from different strains develop differently in vitro depending on the composition of the culture medium, and in particular on the presence or absence of glucose and inorganic phosphate. Glucose is both stimulatory and inhibitory in certain conditions. Glucose uptake by cells can be passive, down concentration gradients, or active, through sodium driven pumps, or can occur through facilitative transport. This study investigated the effects of inhibition of facilitative glucose transport on the glucose-inorganic phosphate-mediated blocks in development in three different strains of mouse embryo, CF-1, CD-1 and an F-2 hybrid. Development of CF-1 and CD-1 embryos is blocked in medium containing glucose and inorganic phosphate but not in medium containing glucose alone, and F-2 embryos are not affected. inhibition of facilitated glucose transport to the eight-cell-morula stage in CF-1 and CD-1 embryos resulted in development in medium containing both glucose and inorganic phosphate, indicating that the prevention of facilitative glucose uptake can overcome the developmental block. Removal of inhibition before the eight-cell-morula stage resulted in total arrest of CF-1 embryos and minimum development of CD-1 embryos. F-2 embryos are not affected by inorganic phosphate and glucose and showed no response to the transporter inhibitor at any stage. These data support the contention that facilitated glucose transport is active in embryos, is phosphate-dependent and that its inhibition can overcome the glucose-inorganic phosphate-mediated developmental blocks in mouse embryos. C1 Sinai Hosp, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Reprod Endocrinol, Baltimore, MD 21215 USA. St George Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Anat & Dev Biol, London SW17 0RE, England. RP Scott, L (reprint author), ART Inst Washington Inc, Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, POB 59727, Washington, DC 20012 USA. NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC REPRODUCTION FERTILITY PI CAMBRIDGE PA 22 NEWMARKET RD, CAMBRIDGE CB5 8DT, ENGLAND SN 1470-1626 J9 REPRODUCTION JI Reproduction PD MAY PY 2002 VL 123 IS 5 BP 691 EP 700 PG 10 WC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology SC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology GA 551BK UT WOS:000175539500009 PM 12006097 ER PT J AU Johnson, AR Chen, T Mead, JL AF Johnson, AR Chen, T Mead, JL TI Modeling step-strain relaxation and cyclic deformations of elastomers SO RUBBER CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Fall Meeting of the Rubber-Division of the American-Chemical-Society CY OCT 17-20, 2000 CL CINCINNATI, OHIO SP Amer Chem Soc, Rubber Div ID VISCOELASTIC CONSTITUTIVE MODELS; RUBBER VISCOELASTICITY AB Data for step-strain relaxation and cyclic compressive deformations of highly viscous short elastomer cylinders are modeled using a large strain rubber viscoelastic constitutive theory with a rate-independent friction stress term added. In the tests, both small and large amplitude cyclic compressive strains, in the range of 1% to 10%, were superimposed on steady state compressed strains, in the range of 5% to 200, for frequencies of 1 and 10 Hz. The elastomer cylinders were conditioned prior to each test to soften them. The constants in the viscoelastic-friction constitutive theory are determined by employing a nonlinear least-squares method to fit the analytical stresses for a Maxwell model. which includes friction, to measured relaxation stresses obtained from a 20% step-strain compression test. The simulation of the relaxation data with the nonlinear model is successful at compressive strains of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%, Simulations of hysteresis stresses for enforced cyclic compressive strains of 20%+/-5% are made with the model calibrated by the relaxation data. The predicted hysteresis stresses are lower than the measured stresses. C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Army Res Lab, Analyt & Computat Methods Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. Univ Lowell, Dept Plast Engn, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. RP Johnson, AR (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Army Res Lab, Analyt & Computat Methods Branch, MS 240, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC INC PI AKRON PA RUBBER DIV UNIV AKRON PO BOX 499, AKRON, OH 44309-0499 USA SN 0035-9475 J9 RUBBER CHEM TECHNOL JI Rubber Chem. Technol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 75 IS 2 BP 333 EP 345 DI 10.5254/1.3544982 PG 13 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 598XR UT WOS:000178302400013 ER PT J AU Mehandru, R Dang, G Kim, S Ren, F Hobson, WS Lopata, J Pearton, SJ Chang, W Shen, H AF Mehandru, R Dang, G Kim, S Ren, F Hobson, WS Lopata, J Pearton, SJ Chang, W Shen, H TI Finite difference analysis of thermal characteristics of CW operation 850 nm lateral current injection and implant-apertured VCSEL with flip-chip bond design SO SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-EMITTING LASERS; VERTICAL-CAVITY LASERS; MODULATION AB The finite difference method was used to analyze the thermal characteristics of continuous wave 850 nm AlGaAs/GaAs implant-apertured vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs). A novel flip-chip design was used to enhance the heat dissipation. The temperature rise in the active can be maintained below 40 degreesC at 4 mW output power with 10 mA current bias. By contrast, the temperature rise reaches above 60 degreesC without flip-chip bonding. The transient temperature during turn-on of a VCSEL was also investigated. The time needed for the device to reach the steady-state temperature was in the range of a few tenths of a millisecond, which is orders of magnitude larger than the electrical or optical switch time. Flip-chip bonding will reduce the shift of the wavelength, peak power, threshold current, and slope efficiency during VCSEL operation, (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Multiplex Inc, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Ren, F (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, POB 116005, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1101 J9 SOLID STATE ELECTRON JI Solid-State Electron. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 46 IS 5 BP 699 EP 704 AR PII S0038-1101(01)00329-X DI 10.1016/S0038-1101(01)00329-X PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 553CM UT WOS:000175658000015 ER PT J AU Jensen, JO AF Jensen, JO TI Vibrational frequencies and structural determinations of hexamethylenetetraamine SO SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART A-MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE vibrations; normal mode frequencies; infrared spectra; Raman spectra; hexamethylenetetraamine; urotropine; methenamine AB The normal mode frequencies and corresponding vibrational assignments of hexamethylenetetraamine (HMTA) in T, symmetry are examined theoretically using the Gaussian 98 set of quantum chemistry codes. All normal modes were successfully assigned to one of eight types of motion predicted by a group theoretical analysis. The vibrational modes of the deuterated form of HMTA (HMTA d-12) were also calculated and compared against experimental data. The normal mode vibrational frequencies were shifted to lower frequencies as on deuteration as expected. However, in some cases the dominant motion type changed on deuteration leading to an apparent 'blue shift' of some of the N-C stretching modes. It is possible that the observed frequency shifts are the result of a Fermi resonance condition. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Edgewood Chem & Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Jensen, JO (reprint author), USA, Edgewood Chem & Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 43 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1386-1425 J9 SPECTROCHIM ACTA A JI Spectroc. Acta Pt. A-Molec. Biomolec. Spectr. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 58 IS 7 BP 1347 EP 1364 AR PII S1386-1425(01)00585-6 DI 10.1016/S1386-1425(01)00585-6 PG 18 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 553BW UT WOS:000175656500001 PM 12083657 ER PT J AU Jensen, JO AF Jensen, JO TI Vibrational frequencies and structural determinations of 3,5-dibromo-1,2,4-trithia-3,5-diborolane SO SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART A-MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE vibrations; normal mode frequencies; infrared spectra; Raman spectra; 3,5-dibromo-1,2,4-trithia-3,5-diborolane; trithiadiborolane ID COMPACT EFFECTIVE POTENTIALS; EXPONENT BASIS-SETS; EFFICIENT; ATOMS AB The vibrational frequencies and corresponding normal mode assignments of 3,5-dibromo-1,2,4-trithia-3,5-diborolane (B2S3Br2) are examined theoretically using the Gaussian98 set of quantum chemistry codes. All normal modes were successfully assigned to one of six types of motion predicted by a group theoretical analysis (B-S stretch, B-Br stretch, S-S stretch, S-B-S bend, B-Br wag, B(SSBr) umbrella motion) utilizing the C-2nu symmetry of the molecule. The vibrational modes of the naturally isotopically substituted (1-B-10 and 2-B-10) forms of B2S3Br2 were also calculated and compared against experimental data. The molecular orbitals of B2S3Br2 are examined. The calculations suggest that a considerable amount of pi bonding occurs in B2S2Br2. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Edgewood Chem & Biol Ctr, AMSSB, RRT,DP, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Jensen, JO (reprint author), USA, Edgewood Chem & Biol Ctr, AMSSB, RRT,DP, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1386-1425 J9 SPECTROCHIM ACTA A JI Spectroc. Acta Pt. A-Molec. Biomolec. Spectr. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 58 IS 7 BP 1461 EP 1471 AR PII S1386-1425(01)00594-7 DI 10.1016/S1386-1425(01)00594-7 PG 11 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 553BW UT WOS:000175656500013 PM 12083669 ER PT J AU Duniho, SM Martin, J Forster, JS Cascio, MB Moran, TS Carpin, LB Sciuto, AM AF Duniho, SM Martin, J Forster, JS Cascio, MB Moran, TS Carpin, LB Sciuto, AM TI Acute changes in lung histopathology and bronchoalveolar lavage parameters in mice exposed to the choking agent gas phosgene SO TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE edema; lung; toxicity; wet/dry weight ratio; LDH; protein ID INJURY; RATS; INHALATION; TOXICITY; OZONE AB Phosgene (CG) is a highly irritant gas widely used industrially as a chemical intermediate for the production of dyes, pesticides, and plastics, and can cause life-threatening pulmonary edema within 24 hours of exposure. This study was designed to investigate acute changes in lung tissue histopathology and selected bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) factors over time to determine early diagnostic indicators of exposure. Three groups of 40 male mice each were exposed to 32 mg/m(3) (8 ppm) CG for 20 minutes, and 3 groups of 40 control male mice were exposed to filtered room air for 20 minutes, both exposures were followed by room air washout for 5 minutes. At 1, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours after exposure each group of mice was euthanized and processed for histopathology, bronchoalveolar lavage or gravimetric measurements, respectively. Over time, the histopathological lesions were characterized by acute changes consisting of alveolar and interstitial edema, fibrin and hemorrhage, followed by significant alveolar and interstitial flooding with inflammatory cell infiltrates and scattered bronchiolar and terminal airway epithelial degeneration and necrosis. From 48 to 72 hours, there was partial resolution of the edema and degenerative changes, followed by epithelial and fibroblastic regeneration centered on the terminal bronchiolar areas. Bronchoalveolar lavage was processed for cell differential counts, LDH, and protein determination. Comparative analysis revealed significant increases in both postexposure lung wet/dry weight ratios, and early elevations of BALF LDH and protein, and later elevations in leukocytes. This article describes the use of histopathology to chronicle the temporal pulmonary changes subsequent to whole body exposure to phosgene, and correlate these changes with BALF ingredients and postexposure lung wet weights in an effort to characterize toxic gas-induced acute lung injury and identify early markers of phosgene exposure. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, MCMR UV PN,Neurotoxicol Branch, Div Pharmacol, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Comparat Pathol Div, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Sciuto, AM (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, MCMR UV PN,Neurotoxicol Branch, Div Pharmacol, 3100 Ricketts Point Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 24 TC 35 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0192-6233 J9 TOXICOL PATHOL JI Toxicol. Pathol. PD MAY 1 PY 2002 VL 30 IS 3 BP 339 EP 349 DI 10.1080/01926230252929918 PG 11 WC Pathology; Toxicology SC Pathology; Toxicology GA 558EQ UT WOS:000175953700007 PM 12051551 ER PT J AU Libraty, DH Endy, TP Kalayanarooj, S Chansiriwongs, W Nisalak, A Green, S Ennis, FA Rothman, AL AF Libraty, DH Endy, TP Kalayanarooj, S Chansiriwongs, W Nisalak, A Green, S Ennis, FA Rothman, AL TI Assessment of body fluid compartment volumes by multifrequency bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy in children with dengue SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE dengue haemorrhagic fever; body fluids; plasma leakage; bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy; children; Thailand ID HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; DISEASE SEVERITY; PLASMA; BIOIMPEDANCE; LEAKAGE; ILLNESS; VIRUSES; WATER AB Dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF), the most severe form of illness following infection with a dengue virus, is characterized by plasma leakage and a period of increased microvascular permeability. Monitoring of plasma volume and body fluid compartment shifts is an integral part of the clinical management of DHF, and is crucial to the performance of clinical research studies on DHF pathogenesis. Multifrequency bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy (BIS) was assessed as a non-invasive method to monitor body fluid compartment shifts in children participating in a prospective, hospital-based, study of dengue virus infections in Thailand. Over the 48 h surrounding defervescence, the extracellular water/intracellular water ratio (ECW/ICW rose in children with dengue virus infections and correlated with increasing disease severity [DHF>intermediate dengue fever (DF)/DHF>DF]. Plasma leakage remained within the ECW compartment and was not directly measured by multifrequency BIS. Expansion of the ECW space in DHF appeared to be primarily due to diminished renal water clearance. During the course of dengue illness, multifrequency BIS did not improve on serial haernatocrit and bodyweight determinations for monitoring plasma volume contraction and ECW expansion, respectively. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Ctr Infect Dis & Vaccine Res, Worcester, MA USA. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Virol, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Virus Dis, Silver Spring, MD USA. Queen Sirikit Natl Inst Child Hlth, Bangkok, Thailand. RP Libraty, DH (reprint author), AFRIMS, USAMC, Dept Virol, 315-6 Rajvithi Rd, APO, AP 96546 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [P01AI34533] NR 31 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC TROPICAL MEDICINE PI LONDON PA MANSON HOUSE 26 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON W1N 1EY, ENGLAND SN 0035-9203 J9 T ROY SOC TROP MED H JI Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 96 IS 3 BP 295 EP 299 DI 10.1016/S0035-9203(02)90104-5 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 579DV UT WOS:000177161900017 PM 12174783 ER PT J AU Gallentine, ML Morey, AF AF Gallentine, ML Morey, AF TI Imaging of the male urethra for stricture disease SO UROLOGIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID COLOR DOPPLER ULTRASOUND; INTERNAL URETHROTOMY; HIGH-RESOLUTION; ANTERIOR; SONOURETHROGRAPHY; RECONSTRUCTION; URETHROGRAPHY; URETHROPLASTY AB A variety of imaging techniques are available for evaluating urethral strictures. Radiographic staging helps characterize strictures as well as periurethral pathology thus enabling determination of appropriate therapy. Urethral imaging techniques including retrograde and antegrade urethrography, sonourethrography, and magnetic resonance imaging are presented. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Urol Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, Dept Urol, MCSU, Lackland AFB, TX 78236 USA. RP Morey, AF (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Urol Serv, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 48 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0094-0143 J9 UROL CLIN N AM JI Urol. Clin. N. Am. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 29 IS 2 BP 361 EP + AR PII S0094-0143(02)00028-9 DI 10.1016/S0094-0143(02)00028-9 PG 13 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 597MU UT WOS:000178226000011 PM 12371227 ER PT J AU Yu, HB Kim, BJ Rittmann, BE AF Yu, HB Kim, BJ Rittmann, BE TI Effects of substrate and oxygen loading rates on gas-phase toluene removal in a three-phase biofilm reactor SO WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE biofilm; circulating bed; intermediates; oxygen limitation; surface loading; toluene ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; MASS-TRANSFER COEFFICIENT; OWNED TREATMENT WORKS; DRAFT-TUBE; BUBBLE COLUMN; BIOFILTRATION; AIR; DEGRADATION; DISPERSION; EMISSIONS AB A three-phase, circulating-bed biofilm reactor using macroporous carriers removed toluene from a gas stream continuously for more than six months. Three steady states were established with toluene loading rates varying from 0.030 to 0.059 mol/m(2.)d. For each steady state, short-term experiments evaluated the effects of toluene and oxygen loading rates. At least 99% of the biomass in the system was accumulated inside the carrier macropores, and the total biomass was proportional to the toluene loading rate. Toluene removal ranged from approximately 100 to 55%. The lower toluene removals were associated with oxygen limitation, which also resulted in the accumulation of an intermediate (3-methylcatechol) and nontoluene chemical oxygen demand. The results suggest that excessive biomass accumulation hurt process performance by depleting oxygen within the biofilm because increased endogenous respiration consumed more oxygen, while increased biomass density may have slowed oxygen diffusion. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. McKinsey & Co Inc, Florham Pk, NJ USA. USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, CERL, Champaign, IL USA. RP Rittmann, BE (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 USA SN 1061-4303 J9 WATER ENVIRON RES JI Water Environ. Res. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 74 IS 3 BP 288 EP 294 DI 10.2175/106143002X140026 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 576JA UT WOS:000176999300011 PM 12150252 ER PT J AU Oroudjev, E Soares, J Arcdiacono, S Thompson, JB Fossey, SA Hansma, HG AF Oroudjev, E Soares, J Arcdiacono, S Thompson, JB Fossey, SA Hansma, HG TI Segmented nanofibers of spider dragline silk: Atomic force microscopy and single-molecule force spectroscopy SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PROTEINS; ELASTICITY; FIBERS; DNA; SUPERCONTRACTION; PURIFICATION; ORIENTATION; DEFORMATION AB Despite its remarkable materials properties, the structure of spider dragline silk has remained unsolved. Results from two probe microscopy techniques provide new insights into the structure of spider dragline silk. A soluble synthetic protein from dragline silk spontaneously forms nanofibers, as observed by atomic force microscopy. These nanofibers have a segmented substructure. The segment length and amino acid sequence are consistent with a slab-like shape for individual silk protein molecules. The height and width of nanofiber segments suggest a stacking pattern of slab-like molecules in each nanofiber segment. This stacking pattern produces nano-crystals in an amorphous matrix, as observed previously by NMR and x-ray diffraction of spider dragline silk. The possible importance of nanofiber formation to native silk production is discussed. Force spectra for single molecules of the silk protein demonstrate that this protein unfolds through a number of rupture events, indicating a modular substructure within single silk protein molecules. A minimal unfolding module size is estimated to be around 14 nm, which corresponds to the extended length of a single repeated module, 38 amino acids long. The structure of this spider silk protein is distinctly different from the structures of other proteins that have been analyzed by single-molecule force spectroscopy, and the force spectra show correspondingly novel features. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. USA, Natick R&D Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Hansma, HG (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. NR 42 TC 113 Z9 118 U1 3 U2 40 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD APR 30 PY 2002 VL 99 SU 2 BP 6460 EP 6465 DI 10.1073/pnas.082526499 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 550BN UT WOS:000175483900004 PM 11959907 ER PT J AU Madey, TE Pelhos, K Wu, QF Barnes, R Ermanoski, I Chen, WH Kolodziej, JJ Rowe, JE AF Madey, TE Pelhos, K Wu, QF Barnes, R Ermanoski, I Chen, WH Kolodziej, JJ Rowe, JE TI Nanoscale surface chemistry SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID ULTRATHIN METAL-FILMS; COVERED W(111) SURFACE; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; ACETYLENE; CLUSTERS; PD; CATALYSTS; REACTIVITY; PD/W(211) AB We report evidence in several experiments for nanometer-size effects in surface chemistry. The evidence concerns bimetallic systems, monolayer films of Pt or Pd on W(111) surfaces. Pyramidal facets with {211} faces are formed on annealing on physical monolayer of Pt, Pd on a W(111) substrate, and facet sizes increase with annealing temperature. We used synchrotron radiation-based soft x-ray photoemission to show that monolayer films of Pt, Pd, on W "float" on the outer surface, whereas multilayer films form alloys on annealing. Acetylene reactions over bimetallic planar and faceted Pd/W surfaces exhibit size effects on the nanometer scale, that is, thermal desorption spectra of reactively formed benzene and ethylene (after acetylene adsorption) change systematically with facet size. In the second case, the decomposition Of C2H2 over planar and faceted Ir(210) surfaces also exhibits structure sensitivity; temperature programmed desorption of H-2 from C2H2 dissociation depends on the nanoscale surface structure. Finally, we have characterized interactions of Cu with the highly ordered S(4 x 4)/W(111) surface. The substrate is a sulfur-induced nanoscale reconstruction of W(111) with (4 x 4) periodicity, having broad planar terraces (approximate to30 nm in width). Fractional monolayers of vapor-deposited Cu grow as threedimensional clusters on the S(4 x 4) surface over a wide coverage range. At low Cu coverage (less than or equal to 0.1 ML), Cu nanoclusters nucleate preferentially at characteristic 3-fold hollow sites; we find a clear energetic preference for one type of site over others, and evidence for self-limiting growth of nanoclusters. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Surface Modificat Lab, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Chem, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Madey, TE (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, POB 849, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RI Chen, W/O-2714-2013 OI Chen, W/0000-0002-9360-0245 NR 32 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 8 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD APR 30 PY 2002 VL 99 SU 2 BP 6503 EP 6508 DI 10.1073/pnas.062536499 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 550BN UT WOS:000175483900012 PM 11904376 ER PT J AU Morikis, D Roy, M Sahu, A Troganis, A Jennings, PA Tsokos, GC Lambris, JD AF Morikis, D Roy, M Sahu, A Troganis, A Jennings, PA Tsokos, GC Lambris, JD TI The structural basis of compstatin activity examined by structure-function-based design of peptide analogs and NMR SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID COMPLEMENT INHIBITOR; 2 PARTS; ACTIVATION; BIOLOGY; C3; CONFORMATIONS; IMMUNOLOGY; PROTEINS AB We have previously identified compstatin, a 13-residue cyclic peptide, that inhibits complement activation by binding to C3 and preventing C3 cleavage to C3a and C3b. The structure of compstatin consists of a disulfide bridge and a type I beta-turn located at opposite sides to each other. The disulfide bridge is part of a hydrophobic cluster, and the beta-turn is part of a polar surface. We present the design of compstatin analogs in which we have introduced a series of perturbations in key structural elements of their parent peptide, compstatin. We have examined the consistency of the structures of the designed analogs compared with compstatin using NMR, and we have used the resulting structural information to make structure-complement inhibitory activity correlations. We propose the following. 1) Even in the absence of the disulfide bridge, a linear analog has a propensity for structure formation consistent with a turn of a 3(10)-helix or a beta-turn. 2) The type I beta-turn is a necessary but not a sufficient condition for activity. 3) Our substitutions outside the type I beta-turn of compstatin have altered the turn population but not the turn structure. 4) Flexibility of the beta-turn is essential for activity. 5) The type I beta-turn introduces reversibility and sufficiently separates the two sides of the peptide, whereas the disulfide bridge prevents the termini from drifting apart, thus aiding in the formation of the hydrophobic cluster. 6) The hydrophobic cluster at the linked termini is involved in binding to C3 and activity but alone is not sufficient for activity. 7) beta-Turn residues Gln(5) (Asn(5))-Asp(6)-Trp(7)(Phe(7)) -Gly(8) are specific for the turn formation, but only Gln(5)(Asn(5)) -Asp(6)-Trp(7)-Gly(8) residues are specific for activity. 8) Trp(7) is likely to be involved in direct interaction with C3, possibly through the formation of a hydrogen bond. Finally we propose a binding model for the C3-compstatin complex. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Chem & Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Chem & Biochem, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Natl Ctr Cell Sci, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India. Univ Ioannina, Dept Biol Applicat & Technol, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Lambris, JD (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Chem & Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RI Sahu, Arvind/C-2178-2012; Morikis, Dimitrios/L-8527-2013; OI Morikis, Dimitrios/0000-0003-0083-4665; Lambris, John/0000-0002-9370-5776 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM-62135] NR 29 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD APR 26 PY 2002 VL 277 IS 17 BP 14942 EP 14953 DI 10.1074/jbc.M200021200 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 545EH UT WOS:000175203000076 PM 11847226 ER PT J AU Jensen, JO AF Jensen, JO TI Vibrational frequencies and structural determination of 3,5-dichloro-1,2,4-trithia-3,5-diborolane SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE-THEOCHEM LA English DT Article DE vibrations; normal mode frequencies; infrared spectra; Raman spectra; 3,5-dichloro-1,2,4-trithia-3,5-diborolane; trithiadiborolane AB The normal mode frequencies and corresponding vibrational assignments of 3,5-dichloro-1,2,4-trithia-3,5-diborolane (B2S3Cl2) are examined theoretically using the Gaussian98 set of quantum chemistry codes. All normal modes were successfully assigned to one of six types of motion predicted by a group theoretical analysis (B-S stretch, B-Cl stretch, S-S stretch, S-B-S bend, B-Cl wag, B(SSCI) umbrella motion) utilizing the C-2v symmetry of the molecule. The vibrational modes of the naturally isotopically substituted (1-B-10 and 2-B-10) forms of B2S3Cl2 were also calculated and compared against experimental data. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USA, Edgewood Chem & Biol Ctr, AMSSB, RRT DP, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Jensen, JO (reprint author), USA, Edgewood Chem & Biol Ctr, AMSSB, RRT DP, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-1280 J9 J MOL STRUC-THEOCHEM JI Theochem-J. Mol. Struct. PD APR 26 PY 2002 VL 584 BP 79 EP 87 AR PII S0166-1280(02)00022-2 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 560BR UT WOS:000176062000008 ER PT J AU Junghans, TB Sevin, IF Ionin, B Seifried, H AF Junghans, TB Sevin, IF Ionin, B Seifried, H TI Cancer information resources: digital and online sources SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cancer; online; digital ID TOXICOLOGY INFORMATION AB The Internet is becoming an increasingly important source of information on cancer. This article highlights major sites of credible information on cancer and describes the types of information each of these sites contains. Large directories that help point the visitor to additional cancer-related sites are described, as are searchable databases of information on cancer as a disease, its diagnosis, and treatment. Sources of information on chemical carcinogens, mechanistic studies, and applied cancer toxicology are also described. These Internet sources of cancer information address the needs of toxicologists, environmental and occupational health scientists, cancer researchers and clinicians, government regulators, the public, and cancer survivors and their caregivers. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Tech Resources Int Inc, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Bacterial Dis, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NCI, Nutr Sci Res Grp, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. RP Junghans, TB (reprint author), Tech Resources Int Inc, 6500 Rock Spring Dr,Suite 650, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [N02-CB-07007] NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD APR 25 PY 2002 VL 173 IS 1-2 BP 13 EP 34 AR PII S0300-483(02)00020-3 DI 10.1016/S0300-483X(02)00020-3 PG 22 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 551UX UT WOS:000175581400003 PM 11955682 ER PT J AU Rudin, S Reinecke, TL AF Rudin, S Reinecke, TL TI Size effects in the temperature dependence of exciton linewidths SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI A-APPLIED RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Optics and Excitons in Confined Systems (OECS7) CY SEP 03-07, 2001 CL MONTPELLIER, FRANCE ID GAAS QUANTUM-WELLS; PHONON-SCATTERING; DEGENERATE BANDS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; SEMICONDUCTORS; DISPERSION AB The interaction of excitons with acoustic phonons in direct band gap semiconductors gives the dominant contribution to the temperature-dependent part of the exciton homogeneous linewidths and to dephasing rates at lower temperature, e.g. below 150 K in bulk GaAs. Experimental results have shown that this contribution increases substantially in going from GaAs quantum wells to bulk GaAs. Perturbation treatment of acoustic phonon scattering in a simple band exciton model agrees with experimental results for narrow quantum wells. However, it fails by an order of magnitude for bulk GaAs and by a large factor for other materials. Here we present an evaluation of the exciton-acoustic phonon scattering using a realistic complex band model and anisotropic exciton dispersion in the bulk case. We also include the effects of the multi-phonon scatterings in the bulk and quantum wells. Our theoretical results agree well with available experimental results for the low-temperature exciton linewidth in GaAs and ZnSe. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rudin, S (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0031-8965 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI A JI Phys. Status Solidi A-Appl. Res. PD APR 23 PY 2002 VL 190 IS 3 BP 677 EP 681 DI 10.1002/1521-396X(200204)190:3<677::AID-PSSA677>3.0.CO;2-S PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 553CB UT WOS:000175657000014 ER PT J AU Aliberti, K Wraback, M Stead, M Newman, P Shen, H AF Aliberti, K Wraback, M Stead, M Newman, P Shen, H TI Measurements of InGaAs metal-semiconductor-metal photodetectors under high-illumination conditions SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHOTODIODE; POWER; TRANSPORT; GAN AB We report on temporal response measurements of InGaAs metal-semiconductor-metal photodetectors (MSM-PDs) under high-illumination conditions. The peak current efficiency of the MSM-PDs decreases as optical pulse energy increases due to space-charge-screening effects. The screening effect begins to occur at an optical pulse energy as low as 1.0 pJ, as predicted by a recent two-dimensional model. The fall time and full width at half maximum of the impulse response increase as the optical pulse energy increases and decrease as the bias voltage increases. For optical pulse energies between 1.0 and 100 pJ, the rise time displays a U-shaped behavior as the bias voltage increases. This may be associated with the shape of the electron velocity-field characteristic in conjunction with the screening of the dark field by optical generated carriers. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Aliberti, K (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 22 PY 2002 VL 80 IS 16 BP 2848 EP 2850 DI 10.1063/1.1473235 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 542WQ UT WOS:000175068900010 ER PT J AU Zhang, SS Jow, TR Amine, K Henriksen, GL AF Zhang, SS Jow, TR Amine, K Henriksen, GL TI LiPF6-EC-EMC electrolyte for Li-ion battery SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE Li-ion battery; electrolyte; SEI film; spinel LiMn2O4; graphite ID CARBONATES; GRAPHITE; INTERCALATION; TEMPERATURE; OXIDES; CELLS AB We studied the effect of salt concentration and solvent ratio on the cycling performance of LiMnO4 cathode and graphite anode in LiPF6-ethylene carbonate (EC)-ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) electrolytes. The results show that solvent ratio has negligible impact on the performance of both electrodes but does affect the issues of thermal compatibility and ionic conductivity. Salt concentration affects the performance in two reverse ways: LiMnO4 cathode requires low concentration, while graphite anode requires high concentration. It is observed that, during the first cycle, both electrodes produce irreversible capacity and form a solid electrolyte interface (SEI) film on their surface. From the view point of operation at low temperatures, 1 M UPF6 3:7 EC-EMC is recommended for Li-ion cells. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Zhang, SS (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Zhang, Sheng/A-4456-2012; Amine, Khalil/K-9344-2013 OI Zhang, Sheng/0000-0003-4435-4110; NR 16 TC 44 Z9 54 U1 3 U2 45 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD APR 20 PY 2002 VL 107 IS 1 BP 18 EP 23 AR PII S0378-7753(01)00968-5 DI 10.1016/S0378-7753(01)00968-5 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 547FB UT WOS:000175321400004 ER PT J AU Rice, BM Sahu, S Owens, FJ AF Rice, BM Sahu, S Owens, FJ TI Density functional calculations of bond dissociation energies for NO2 scission in some nitroaromatic molecules SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE-THEOCHEM LA English DT Article DE Density Functional Theory; bond dissociation energies; explosives; impact sensitivity AB Bond dissociation energies for rupture of the weakest bond in some nitroaromatic molecules are calculated using Density Functional Theory. The weakest bond in the nitroaromatic molecules presented in this work corresponds to that between an NO2 group and the aromatic ring. The relationship between the bond dissociation energy (BDE) and susceptibility to detonation (sensitivity) is examined. The results indicate a correlation between sensitivity and the BDE for removal of an NO2 group. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Armament Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Energet Mat Lab, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP Armament Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Energet Mat Lab, Bldg 3022, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. EM fowens@pica.army.mil NR 11 TC 180 Z9 193 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-1280 J9 J MOL STRUC-THEOCHEM JI Theochem-J. Mol. Struct. PD APR 19 PY 2002 VL 583 BP 69 EP 72 AR PII S0166-1280(01)00782-5 DI 10.1016/S0166-1280(01)00782-5 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 556TP UT WOS:000175865300006 ER PT J AU Wagner, GW Yang, YC AF Wagner, GW Yang, YC TI Rapid nucleophilic/oxidative decontamination of chemical warfare agents SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; SULFIDES; MICROEMULSIONS; HYDROLYSIS; OXIDATION; MECHANISM; KINETICS; MUSTARD; VX AB Simple solutions of hydrogen peroxide; peroxide activators such as carbonate, bicarbonate, and molybdate; and organic cosolvents afford rapid, broad-spectrum decontamination of chemical warfare agents, even at low temperatures (-30 degreesC). Such solutions are nontoxic, noncorrosive, and environmentally friendly. With bicarbonate activator, the decon solution can be comprised solely using food-grade materials. In situ generation of peroxy anion OOH- effects perhydrolysis of the nerve agents O-ethyl-S-[2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl]-methylphosphonothioate (VX) and pinacolyl methylphosphonofluoridate (GD or Soman) to yield nontoxic products. For the blister agent bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide (HD or mustard), peroxo species HCO4- and Mo(OO)(4) (2-) afford oxidation, initially, to the nonvesicant sulfoxide. C1 USA, ECBC, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Wagner, GW (reprint author), USA, ECBC, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 29 TC 100 Z9 107 U1 5 U2 38 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD APR 17 PY 2002 VL 41 IS 8 BP 1925 EP 1928 DI 10.1021/ie.010732f PG 4 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 542LR UT WOS:000175045800003 ER PT J AU Tomalia, DA Brothers, HM Piehler, LT Durst, HD Swanson, DR AF Tomalia, DA Brothers, HM Piehler, LT Durst, HD Swanson, DR TI Partial shell-filled core-shell tecto(dendrimers): A strategy to surface differentiated nano-clefts and cusps SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID POLY(AMIDOAMINE) PAMAM DENDRIMERS; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; STARBURST DENDRIMERS; POLYAMIDOAMINE DENDRIMERS; DENDRITIC MACROMOLECULES; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MOLECULES; CHEMISTRY; VISUALIZATION; POLYMER AB Poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimer shell reagents possessing either nucleophilic (i.e., primary amines) or electrophilic (i.e., carboxymethyl esters) functional groups have been covalently assembled around appropriate electrophilic or nucleophilic dendrimer core reagents to produce partial shell filled/core-shell tecto(dendrimers). Partial shell-filled products with saturation levels ranging from 28% to 66% were obtained. These metastable, remarkably monodispersed assemblies possess functionally differentiated nano-cusps and clefts that exhibit "autoreactive" behavior. Pacification of these autoreactive products with appropriate alkanolamine reagents produced robust, nonreactive, "hydroxy-amine-differentiated" surfaces that exhibit very active self-assembly properties. Based on the monodispersity, dimensional scaling, and electrophoretic similarities of PAMAM dendrimers to globular proteins, these assemblies may be viewed as crude biomimetics of classical core shell-type protein aggregates. These dimensionally larger, but analogous PAMAM core-shell tecto(dendrimer) architectures extend and complete a similar pattern of autoreactivity and pacification that was observed earlier for traditional mono PAMAM dendrimer core-shell modules possessing unsaturated shell levels. C1 Cent Michigan Univ, Nanotechnol Ltd, Pk Lib, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. Dow Corning Corp, Midland, MI 48686 USA. USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. USA, Edgewood Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Tomalia, DA (reprint author), Cent Michigan Univ, Nanotechnol Ltd, Pk Lib, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. NR 50 TC 69 Z9 70 U1 2 U2 17 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD APR 16 PY 2002 VL 99 IS 8 BP 5081 EP 5087 DI 10.1073/pnas.062684999 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 543DX UT WOS:000175087000066 PM 11943851 ER PT J AU Crowne, FJ AF Crowne, FJ TI Microwave response of a high electron mobility transistor in the presence of a Dyakonov-Shur instability SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; MECHANISM; CHANNEL; MODFET AB The plasma-wave response of the two-dimensional electron gas that forms the active layer of a high-electron mobility transistor (HEMTs) makes a contribution to the high-frequency behavior of these devices that is distinct from their adiabatic response, i.e., unrelated to low-frequency parameters such as dc transconductance, capacitances, and channel resistance, which are usually derived from dc IV curves. Since the plasma-wave response has the potential to make the HEMT active at very high (terahertz) frequencies, it is important to frame its description within the standard language of microwave device engineering, i.e., as admittance or S-parameters of the device. In this paper a full set of microwave admittance parameters is derived for a real HEMT, based on recent work by the author [J. Appl. Phys. 87, 8056-8064 (2000)]. C1 Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20873 USA. RP Crowne, FJ (reprint author), Army Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20873 USA. NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 15 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 8 BP 5377 EP 5383 DI 10.1063/1.1448891 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 535VG UT WOS:000174666600096 ER PT J AU Sateren, WB Trimble, EL Abrams, J Brawley, O Breen, N Ford, L McCabe, M Kaplan, R Smith, M Ungerleider, R Christian, MC AF Sateren, WB Trimble, EL Abrams, J Brawley, O Breen, N Ford, L McCabe, M Kaplan, R Smith, M Ungerleider, R Christian, MC TI How sociodemographics, presence of oncology specialists, and hospital cancer programs affect accrual to cancer treatment trials SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BREAST-CANCER; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; PROSTATE-CANCER; UNITED-STATES; HEALTH; SURVIVAL; RACE; BLACK; WHITE; PREVENTION AB Purpose : We chose to examine the impact of socioeconomic factors an accrual to National Cancer Institute (NCI)-sponsored cancer treatment trials. Patients and Methods: We estimated the geographic and demographic cancer burden in the United States and then identified 24,332 patients accrued to NCI-sponsored cancer treatment trials during a 12-month period. Next, we examined accrual by age, sex, geographic residence, health insurance status, health maintenance organization market penetration, several proxy measures of socioeconomic status, the availability of an oncologist, and the presence of a hospital with an approved multidisciplinary cancer program. Results: Pediatric patients were accrued to clinical trials at high levels, whereas after adolescence, only a small percentage of cancer patients were enrolled onto clinical trials. There were few differences by sex. Black males as well as Asian-American and Hispanic adults were accrued to clinical trials at lower rates than white cancer patients of the same age. Overall, the highest observed accrual was in suburban counties. Compared with the United States population, patients enrolled onto clinical trials were significantly less likely to be uninsured and more like to have Medicare health insurance. Geographic areas with higher socioeconomic levels had higher levels of clinical trial accruals. The number of oncologists and the presence of approved cancer programs both were significantly associated with increased accrual to clinical trials. Conclusion: We must work to increase the number of adults who enroll onto trials, especially among the elderly. Ongoing partnership with professional societies may be an effective approach to strengthen accrual to clinical trials. (C) 2002 by American Society of Clinical Oncology. C1 NCI, Bethesda, MD 20982 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Rockville, MD USA. RP Trimble, EL (reprint author), NCI, 6130 Execut Blvd,Suite 7025,MSC 7436, Bethesda, MD 20982 USA. NR 30 TC 266 Z9 267 U1 1 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0732-183X J9 J CLIN ONCOL JI J. Clin. Oncol. PD APR 15 PY 2002 VL 20 IS 8 BP 2109 EP 2117 DI 10.1200/JCO.2002.08.056 PG 9 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 544JR UT WOS:000175154900023 PM 11956272 ER PT J AU Hoffman, SL Goh, LML Luke, TC Schneider, I Le, TP Doolan, DL Sacci, J de la Vega, P Dowler, M Paul, C Gordon, DM Stoute, JA Church, LWP Sedegah, M Heppner, DG Ballou, WR Richie, TL AF Hoffman, SL Goh, LML Luke, TC Schneider, I Le, TP Doolan, DL Sacci, J de la Vega, P Dowler, M Paul, C Gordon, DM Stoute, JA Church, LWP Sedegah, M Heppner, DG Ballou, WR Richie, TL TI Protection of humans against malaria by immunization with radiation-attenuated Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 48th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY NOV 27-DEC 02, 1999 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg ID T-LYMPHOCYTE RESPONSES; IRRADIATED SPOROZOITES; CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN; SURFACE PROTEIN-2; VIVAX MALARIA; CELL EPITOPES; VOLUNTEERS; IMMUNITY; RECOGNIZE; CLONES AB During 1989-1999, 11 volunteers were immunized by the bites of 1001-2927 irradiated mosquitoes harboring infectious sporozoites of Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) strain NF54 or clone 3D7/NF54. Ten volunteers were first challenged by the bites of Pf-infected mosquitoes 2-9 weeks after the last immunization, and all were protected. A volunteer challenged 10 weeks after the last immunization was not protected. Five previously protected volunteers were rechallenged 23-42 weeks after a secondary immunization, and 4 were protected. Two volunteers were protected when rechallenged with a heterologous Pf strain (7G8). In total, there was protection in 24 of 26 challenges. These results expand published findings demonstrating that immunization by exposure to thousands of mosquitoes carrying radiation-attenuated Pf sporozoites is safe and well tolerated and elicits strain-transcendent protective immunity that persists for at least 42 weeks. C1 Naval Med Res Ctr, Malaria Program, Silver Spring, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Immunol & Entomol, Silver Spring, MD USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD USA. Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Bethesda, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Hoffman, SL (reprint author), Celera Genom, Biol, 45 W Gude Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM stephen.hoffman@celera.com RI Richie, Thomas/A-8028-2011; Doolan, Denise/F-1969-2015 NR 34 TC 424 Z9 433 U1 4 U2 22 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD APR 15 PY 2002 VL 185 IS 8 BP 1155 EP 1164 DI 10.1086/339409 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 536XH UT WOS:000174726800020 PM 11930326 ER PT J AU Lee, JS Dyas, BK Nystrom, SS Lind, CM Smith, JF Ulrich, RG AF Lee, JS Dyas, BK Nystrom, SS Lind, CM Smith, JF Ulrich, RG TI Immune protection against staphylococcal enterotoxin-induced toxic shock by vaccination with a Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus replicon SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID GUINEA-PIGS; VACCINES; CANDIDATE; VECTOR; GENES AB A candidate vaccine against staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) was developed using a Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) virus vector. This vaccine is composed of a self-replicating RNA, termed "replicon," containing the VEE nonstructural genes and cis-acting elements and a gene encoding mutagenized SEB (mSEB). Cotransfection of baby hamster kidney cells with the mSEB replicon and 2 helper RNA molecules resulted in the release of propagation-deficient mSEB-VEE replicon particles (mSEB-VRPs). Mice inoculated subcutaneously with mSEB-VRPs were protected (15 of 20 mice) from a challenge with 5 median lethal dose units of wildtype (wt) SEB. T cells from mice vaccinated with mSEB-VRP responded normally both in vitro to wt SEB and in recall response to the inactivated mSEB polypeptide. The profile of cytokines measured after challenge with wt SEB suggested that the mode of protection was predominantly Th1 dependent. Our results suggest that the VEE replicon is a practical and convenient model system for evaluating efficacy of vaccines for the control of bacterial diseases. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Toxinol Div, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Lee, JS (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM John.Lee@det.amedd.army.mil NR 15 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1537-6613 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD APR 15 PY 2002 VL 185 IS 8 BP 1192 EP 1196 DI 10.1086/339677 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 536XH UT WOS:000174726800027 PM 11930333 ER PT J AU Palshin, V Tittsworth, RC Fountzoulas, CG Meletis, EI AF Palshin, V Tittsworth, RC Fountzoulas, CG Meletis, EI TI X-ray absorption spectroscopy, simulation and modeling of Si-DLC films SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BEAM-ASSISTED DEPOSITION; DIAMOND-LIKE CARBON; TRIBOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR; FINE-STRUCTURE; COATINGS AB Amorphous silicon-containing diamond-like carbon (Si-DLC) films were deposited on silicon wafers by Ar+ Ion Beam Assisted Deposition (IBAD) at various energy conditions. The films were examined with X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (XANES) spectroscopy and Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy. The Si K-edge X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) results indicate that Si-DLC films have an amorphous structure, where each Si atom is coordinated to four carbon atoms or CHn groups. This short-range order, where a Si atom is surrounded by four C atoms, was found in all Si-DLC films. The XANES spectra do not indicate Si coordination to oxygen atoms or phenyl rings, which are present in the precursor material. A structural model of Si-DLC is proposed based on XAS findings. Simulated X-ray absorption spectra of the model produced by FEFF8 show a good resemblance to the experimental data. (C) 2002 Kluwer Academic Publishers. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Adv Microstruct & Devices, Baton Rouge, LA 70806 USA. USA, Res Lab, Div Mat, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Mat Sci & Engn Program, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Palshin, V (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Adv Microstruct & Devices, Baton Rouge, LA 70806 USA. NR 11 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD APR 15 PY 2002 VL 37 IS 8 BP 1535 EP 1539 DI 10.1023/A:1014960616824 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 537HD UT WOS:000174752100007 ER PT J AU Caldwell, L Erickson, BS Prazinko, BF AF Caldwell, L Erickson, BS Prazinko, BF TI Can improved daytime sleep with temazepam help overcome the circadian performance trough during a night shift? SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Aeromed Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD SLEEP MEDICINE PI ROCHESTER PA 6301 BANDEL RD, STE 101, ROCHESTER, MN 55901 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PD APR 15 PY 2002 VL 25 SU S MA 245 BP A185 EP A186 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 540KB UT WOS:000174927200247 ER PT J AU Prazinko, B Caldwell, JA AF Prazinko, B Caldwell, JA TI The effects of experience on performance during sleep deprivation in an aviation environment SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Aeromed Res Lab, Ft Rucker, AL 36362 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD SLEEP MEDICINE PI ROCHESTER PA 6301 BANDEL RD, STE 101, ROCHESTER, MN 55901 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PD APR 15 PY 2002 VL 25 SU S MA 454 BP A328 EP A329 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 540KB UT WOS:000174927200456 ER PT J AU Russo, MB Escolas, S Santiago, S Thomas, ML Sing, HC Thorne, DR Holland, D Johnson, DE Redmond, DP Hall, SW AF Russo, MB Escolas, S Santiago, S Thomas, ML Sing, HC Thorne, DR Holland, D Johnson, DE Redmond, DP Hall, SW TI Visual neglect in sleep deprived air force pilots in a simulated 12-hour flight SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC USA. USAF, Off Sci Res, Washington, DC 20330 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD SLEEP MEDICINE PI ROCHESTER PA 6301 BANDEL RD, STE 101, ROCHESTER, MN 55901 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PD APR 15 PY 2002 VL 25 SU S MA 119 BP A88 EP A88 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 540KB UT WOS:000174927200121 ER PT J AU Lehman, RA Kuklo, TR Belmont, PJ Andersen, RC Polly, DW AF Lehman, RA Kuklo, TR Belmont, PJ Andersen, RC Polly, DW TI Advantage of pedicle screw fixation directed into the apex of the sacral promontory over bicortical fixation - A biomechanical analysis SO SPINE LA English DT Article DE biomechanics; bone mineral density; insertional torque; pedicle screw; sacral promontory; sacrum; spinal fixation ID ADULT SPINAL DEFORMITY; BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; LUMBOSACRAL FIXATION; INSTRUMENTATION; FUSIONS; SCOLIOSIS; LUMBAR; STRENGTH AB Study Design. A biomechanical study of human cadaveric sacra using insertional torque and bone mineral density was conducted to determine the optimal sagittal trajectory of S1 pedicle screws. Objective. To measure the maximal insertional torque of sacral promontory versus bicortical pedicle screw fixation. Summary of Background Data. Fixation of instrumentation to the sacrum is commonly accomplished using S1 pedicle screws, with previous studies reporting biomechanical advantages of bicortical over unicortical S1 screws. The biomechanical effect of bicortical screws paralleling the endplate) versus screws directed into the apex of the sacral promontory is unknown. Methods. For this study, 10 fresh frozen cadaver sacra were harvested and evaluated with dual-energy radiograph absorptiometry to assess bone mineral density. Matched 7.5-mm monoaxial stainless steel pedicle screws then were randomly assigned by side (left versus right) and placed bicortically or into the apex of the sacral promontory under direct visualization. Maximum insertional torque was recorded for each screw revolution with a digital torque wrench (TQJE1500, Snap-On Tools, Kenosha, WI). Results. Maximum bicortical S1 screw insertional torque averaged 5.22 +/- 0.83 inch-pounds, as compared with the maximum sacral promontory S1 screw insertional torque of 10.34 +/- 1.94 inch-pounds. This resulted in a 99% increase in maximum insertional torque (P = 0.005) using the "tricorticat" technique, with the screw directed into the sacral promontory. Mean bone mineral density was 940 +/- 0.25 mg/cm(2) (range, 507-1428 mg/cm(2)). The bone mineral density correlated with maximal insertional torque for the sacral promontory technique (r = 0.806; P 0.005), but not for the bicortical technique (r = 0.48; P = 0.16). Conclusions. The screws directed into the apex of the sacral promontory of the S1 pedicle resulted in an average 99% increase in peak insertional torque (P = 0,005), as compared with bicortical S1 pedicle screw fixation. Tricortical pedicle screw fixation correlates directly with bone mineral density. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg & Rehabil, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Kuklo, TR (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Washington, DC 20307 USA. OI Belmont, Philip/0000-0003-2618-199X NR 60 TC 37 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0362-2436 J9 SPINE JI SPINE PD APR 15 PY 2002 VL 27 IS 8 BP 806 EP 811 DI 10.1097/00007632-200204150-00006 PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology; Orthopedics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Orthopedics GA 544QX UT WOS:000175172600004 PM 11935101 ER PT J AU Crawford, FC Vanderploeg, RD Freeman, MJ Singh, S Waisman, M Michaels, L Abdullah, L Warden, D Lipsky, R Salazar, A Mullan, MJ AF Crawford, FC Vanderploeg, RD Freeman, MJ Singh, S Waisman, M Michaels, L Abdullah, L Warden, D Lipsky, R Salazar, A Mullan, MJ TI APOE genotype influences acquisition and recall following traumatic brain injury SO NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID APOLIPOPROTEIN-E; HEAD-INJURY AB APOE has been demonstrated to influence traumatic brain injury (TBI) outcome. The relationship between APOE genotype and memory following TBI was examined in 110 participants in the Defense and Veterans' Head Injury Program. Memory performance was worse in those who had an APOE epsilon4 allele (n = 30) than those who did not (n = 80), whereas genotype groups did not differ on demographic or injury variables or on measures of executive functioning. These data support a specific role for the APOE protein in memory outcome following TBI, and suggest an APOE isoform-specific effect on neuronal repair processes. C1 Univ S Florida, Roskamp Inst, Tampa, FL 33613 USA. James A Haley Vet Hosp, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. Def & Vet Head Injury Program, Tampa, FL USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Def & Vet Head Injury Program, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NIAAA, Neurogenet Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Crawford, FC (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Roskamp Inst, 3515 E Fletcher Ave, Tampa, FL 33613 USA. OI Mullan, Michael/0000-0002-1473-7527; Lipsky, Robert/0000-0001-7753-1473 NR 10 TC 118 Z9 119 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0028-3878 J9 NEUROLOGY JI Neurology PD APR 9 PY 2002 VL 58 IS 7 BP 1115 EP 1118 PG 4 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 539JC UT WOS:000174865900027 PM 11940706 ER PT J AU May, LM Gaborek, B Pitrat, T Peters, L AF May, LM Gaborek, B Pitrat, T Peters, L TI Derivation of risk based wipe surface screening levels for industrial scenarios SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Issues and Applications in Toxicology and Risk Assessment CY APR 23-26, 2001 CL FAIRBORN, OHIO SP USAF, Toxicol, USA, Toxicol, USN, Toxicol, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, US EPA, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Food & Drug Adm, Div Toxicol, ATSDR, Natl Res Counil & Natl Acad Sci DE wipe-sampling; surfaces; risk assessment; dermal exposure; dermal contact; screening levels; health risk; risk levels; PRG; industrial screening levels; construction screening levels; multi-exposure; chemical exposure; chemical risk assessment; contact hazards; probabilistic risk assessment; sensitivity analysis; Monte Carlo simulation; uncertainty analysis; explosives; nitroglycerin; RDX; HMX AB The environmental characterization of building interiors and other surfaces has generally been performed with wipe-sampling because it is a non-destructive technique. There is no consensus, however, as to the interpretation of the results of wipe-sampling. Specifically, there is not a standardized method to determine if chemicals found at sampled levels pose a threat to human health. A methodology was developed, based on acceptable health risk levels, to derive screening levels for evaluating wipe-sampling results pertaining to industrial scenarios. The methodology was based on the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Region IX Preliminary Remediation Goal (PRG) approach: a multi-exposure methodology commonly used for evaluating soil concentrations. PRGs are the USEPA determined health based goals for soil preliminary remediation efforts. Probabilistic techniques were used to conduct a sensitivity analysis of the methodology to determine which variables drive the ultimate screening levels. Discrete values were then selected based on standard industrial scenarios common to the US Army. The wipe surface screening levels reported are for use as preliminary guidelines which help to determine whether further sampling or cleanup are necessary. The levels are not meant as cleanup or compliance criteria. C 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. US Army Ctr Hlth Promot Prevent Med, Environm Hlth Risk Assessment Program, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP May, LM (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd Rm A-1044, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD APR 8 PY 2002 VL 288 IS 1-2 BP 65 EP 80 AR PII S0048-9697(01)01117-2 DI 10.1016/S0048-9697(01)01117-2 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 544BJ UT WOS:000175138100008 PM 12013549 ER PT J AU von Stackelberg, K Burmistrov, D Linkov, I Cura, J Bridges, TS AF von Stackelberg, K Burmistrov, D Linkov, I Cura, J Bridges, TS TI The use of spatial modeling in an aquatic food web to estimate exposure and risk SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Issues and Applications in Toxicology and Risk Assessment CY APR 23-26, 2001 CL FAIRBORN, OHIO SP USAF, Toxicol, USA, Toxicol, USN, Toxicol, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, US EPA, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Food & Drug Adm, Div Toxicol, ATSDR, Natl Res Counil & Natl Acad Sci DE bioaccumulation; PCBs; exposure assessment; spatial; probabilistic ID LAKE-ONTARIO; BIOACCUMULATION AB This paper quantitatively evaluates interactions among foraging behavior, habitat preferences, site characteristics and the spatial distribution of contaminants in estimating PCB exposure concentrations for winter flounder at a hypothetical open water dredged material disposal site in the coastal waters of New York and New Jersey (NY-NJ). The models implemented in this study include a spatial submodel to account for spatial and temporal characteristics of fish exposure and a probabilistic adaptation of the Gobas bioaccumulation model to account for temporal variation in concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in sediment and water. We estimated the geographic distribution of an offshore winter flounder subpopulation based on species biology, including such variables as foraging area, habitat size, disposal site size and migration characteristics. We incorporated these variables together with an estimate of differential attraction to a management site within a spatially explicit model to assess the range of expected PCB exposures to a winter flounder population. The output of this modeling effort, flounder PCB tissue concentrations, provides exposure point concentrations for estimates of human health risk through ingestion of locally caught flounder. The risks obtained for the spatially non-explicit case are as much as one order of magnitude higher than those obtained after incorporating spatial and temporal characteristics of winter flounder foraging and seasonal migration. Incorporating spatial and temporal variables in food chain models can help support sediment management decisions by providing a quantitative expression of the confidence in risk estimates. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Menzie Cura & Associates Inc, Chelmsford, MA 01824 USA. Arthur D Little Inc, Cambridge, MA USA. United States Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS USA. RP von Stackelberg, K (reprint author), Menzie Cura & Associates Inc, 1 Courthouse Lane Suite 2, Chelmsford, MA 01824 USA. NR 36 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD APR 8 PY 2002 VL 288 IS 1-2 BP 97 EP 110 AR PII S0048-9697(01)01116-0 DI 10.1016/S0048-9697(01)01116-0 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 544BJ UT WOS:000175138100010 PM 12013551 ER PT J AU Kirkpatrick, JS Howard, JM Reed, DA AF Kirkpatrick, JS Howard, JM Reed, DA TI Assessing homeland chemical hazards outside the military gates: industrial hazard threat assessments for department of defense installations SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Issues and Applications in Toxicology and Risk Assessment CY APR 23-26, 2001 CL FAIRBORN, OHIO SP USAF, Toxicol, USA, Toxicol, USN, Toxicol, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, US EPA, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Food & Drug Adm, Div Toxicol, ATSDR, Natl Res Counil & Natl Acad Sci DE environmental health hazards; toxic industrial materials; operational risk management; emergency response planning guidelines AB As part of comprehensive joint medical surveillance measures outlined by the Department of Defense, the US Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine (USACHPPM) is beginning to assess environmental health threats to continental US military installations. A common theme in comprehensive joint medical surveillance, in support of Force Health Protection, is the identification and assessment of potential environmental health hazards, and the evaluation and documentation of actual exposures in both a continental US and outside a continental US setting. For the continental US assessments, the USACHPPM has utilized the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) database for risk management plans in accordance with Public Law 106-40, and the toxic release inventory database, in a state-of the art geographic information systems based program, termed the Consequence Assessment and Management Tool Set, or CATS, for assessing homeland industrial chemical hazards outside the military gates. As an example, the US EPA toxic release inventory and risk management plans databases are queried to determine the types and locations of industries surrounding a continental US military installation. Contaminants of concern are then ranked with respect to known toxicological and physical hazards, where they are then subject to applicable downwind hazard simulations using applicable meteorological and climatological data sets. The composite downwind hazard areas are mapped in relation to emergency response planning guidelines (ERPG), which were developed by the American Industrial Hygiene Association to assist emergency response personnel planning for catastrophic chemical releases. In addition, other geographic referenced data such as transportation routes, satellite imagery and population data are included in the operational, equipment, and morale risk assessment and management process. These techniques have been developed to assist military medical planners and operations personnel in determining the industrial hazards, vulnerability assessments and health risk assessments to continental United States military installations. These techniques and procedures support the Department of Defense Force Protection measures, which provides awareness of a terrorism threat, appropriate measures to prevent terrorist attacks and mitigate terrorism's effects in the event that preventive measures are ineffective. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, MCHB TS EES, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Kirkpatrick, JS (reprint author), USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, MCHB TS EES, 2558 Blackhawk Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RI Dopko, Rae/J-7437-2015 NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD APR 8 PY 2002 VL 288 IS 1-2 BP 111 EP 117 AR PII S0048-9697(01)01112-3 DI 10.1016/S0048-9697(01)01112-3 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 544BJ UT WOS:000175138100011 PM 12013538 ER PT J AU Munavalli, S Long, FR Rohrbaugh, DK Wagner, GW Durst, HD AF Munavalli, S Long, FR Rohrbaugh, DK Wagner, GW Durst, HD TI Microwave induced reaction of H-dimethylphosphonate with styrene oxide. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ceoctr Inc, Gunpowder Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 417-ORGN BP B239 EP B239 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CE UT WOS:000176296801338 ER PT J AU Munavalli, S Longo, FR Rohrbaugh, DK Durst, HD AF Munavalli, S Longo, FR Rohrbaugh, DK Durst, HD TI Trifluoromethylthiolation of masked carbonyl precursors: Reaction of trifluoromethylsulfenyl chloride with enol acetates. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Geocenters Inc, Gunpowder Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 418-ORGN BP B239 EP B239 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CE UT WOS:000176296801339 ER PT J AU Sloan, JM Crawford, DM Elabd, Y Napadensky, EG Zukas, W Kendrick, CE AF Sloan, JM Crawford, DM Elabd, Y Napadensky, EG Zukas, W Kendrick, CE TI Mechanical properties and water vapor transport properties of sulfonated block copolymers. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Dir, Polymers Res Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21009 USA. Natick Soldier Ctr, Soldier Biol Chem Command, Natick, MA USA. RI Elabd, Yossef/G-9866-2014 OI Elabd, Yossef/0000-0002-7790-9445 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 080-POLY BP C113 EP C113 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CE UT WOS:000176296802047 ER PT J AU Burger, C Ran, SF Fang, DF Cookson, D Teramoto, Y Cunniff, PM Viccaro, PJ Hsiao, BS Chu, B AF Burger, C Ran, SF Fang, DF Cookson, D Teramoto, Y Cunniff, PM Viccaro, PJ Hsiao, BS Chu, B TI Structure formation in PBO fibers and the SAXS four-point pattern. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. USA, Soldier & Biol Chem Command, Washington, DC USA. Argonne Natl Lab, ChemMat CARS, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 458-POLY BP D52 EP D52 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CE UT WOS:000176296802421 ER PT J AU Kumar, J Liu, W Lee, SH Yang, SZ Tripathy, S Samuelson, LA AF Kumar, J Liu, W Lee, SH Yang, SZ Tripathy, S Samuelson, LA TI Enzymatically synthesized electronic and photoactive macromolecular dyes. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Lowell, Dept Chem & Phys, Ctr Adv Mat, Dept Chem & Phys, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. USA, Natick Soldier Syst Ctr, Mat Sci Team, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 310-POLY BP D29 EP D29 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CE UT WOS:000176296802274 ER PT J AU Sahoo, S Nagarajan, R Roy, S Samuelson, L Kumar, J Cholli, AL AF Sahoo, S Nagarajan, R Roy, S Samuelson, L Kumar, J Cholli, AL TI Influence of template and enzyme on biocatalytic synthesis of conducting polyaniline as studied by solid-state NMR spectroscopy. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Massachusetts, Ctr Adv Mat, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. USA, Army Soldier & Biol Chem Command, Natick Soldier Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 009-PMSE BP D58 EP D58 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CE UT WOS:000176296802436 ER PT J AU Wang, XY Lee, SH Drew, C Senecal, KJ Kumar, J Samuelson, L AF Wang, XY Lee, SH Drew, C Senecal, KJ Kumar, J Samuelson, L TI Fluorescent electrospun polymer films for the detection of explosives. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem, Ctr Adv Mat, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. USA, Soldier & Biol Chem Command, Natick Soldier Ctr, Natick, MA USA. RI Senecal, Kris/F-3000-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 407-POLY BP D44 EP D44 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CE UT WOS:000176296802370 ER PT J AU Bevans, P Kustin, K Curtin, MA Taub, IA AF Bevans, P Kustin, K Curtin, MA Taub, IA TI Production of carbon dioxide and oxalate ions from the oxidation of ascorbate and formate by chlorite in aqueous solution. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Stonehill Coll, Dept Chem, Easton, MA 02357 USA. Brandeis Univ, Dept Chem, Waltham, MA 02254 USA. USA, Natick Soldier Ctr, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 919-CHED BP U303 EP U304 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296701658 ER PT J AU Erickson, DL Labare, MP AF Erickson, DL Labare, MP TI Enzymatic biotransformation of 2-amindethylsulfonic acid (taurine). SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Chem, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 327-CHED BP U209 EP U209 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296701068 ER PT J AU Evans, TJ AF Evans, TJ TI Computational investigation of chemical warfare agents to enhance modeling and simulation based test and evaluation of chemical defense commodities. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, W Desert Test Ctr, Dugway, UT 84022 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 61-COMP BP U472 EP U472 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296702619 ER PT J AU Goldstein, AR Smith, AGB Bays, JT Labare, MP AF Goldstein, AR Smith, AGB Bays, JT Labare, MP TI Repression of growth of a deep-sea marine bacterium, 9NA, by elevated levels of carbon dioxide. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Chem, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 477-CHED BP U231 EP U231 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296701217 ER PT J AU Gowdy, SM Labare, MP AF Gowdy, SM Labare, MP TI Lead phytoremediation by spirea latifolia. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US Mil Acad, Dept Chem, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 467-CHED BP U229 EP U229 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296701207 ER PT J AU Hobson, ST Smithson, DC Nohe, TL Babin, MC Boecker, JD Stoermer, RL AF Hobson, ST Smithson, DC Nohe, TL Babin, MC Boecker, JD Stoermer, RL TI Analogs of capsaicin as topical treatments for sulfur-mustard(HD) exposure. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, MCMR VA DA, Drug Assessment, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Linfield Coll, McMinnville, OR 97128 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 652-CHED BP U255 EP U255 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296701392 ER PT J AU Kim, DW Blumstein, A Kumar, J Samuelson, L AF Kim, DW Blumstein, A Kumar, J Samuelson, L TI Layer-by-layer assembled nanocomposites from aluminosilicate nanoparticles and substituted ionic polyacetylenes. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Massachusetts, Ctr Adv Mat, Dept Chem & Phys, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. USA, Soldier & Biol Chem Command, Natick Soldier Ctr, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 337-COLL BP U436 EP U436 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296702415 ER PT J AU Kinsey, LE Poon, T AF Kinsey, LE Poon, T TI Cyclopentadiene approach towards fullerene and 1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-dione alcohols. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Loyola Coll, Dept Chem, Baltimore, MD 21210 USA. USA, Res Lab, Polymers Res Branch, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 709-CHED BP U263 EP U263 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296701448 ER PT J AU Vajda, PL Crawford, DM Sloan, J Napadensky, EG Young, SK AF Vajda, PL Crawford, DM Sloan, J Napadensky, EG Young, SK TI Cyclodextrin-based polymers in contaminated water clean-up. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Loyola Coll, Dept Chem, Baltimore, MD 21210 USA. USA, Res Lab, Polymer Res Branch, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 708-CHED BP U263 EP U263 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296701447 ER PT J AU Williams, AJ Tortella, FC AF Williams, AJ Tortella, FC TI Neuroprotective effects of the sodium channel blocker RS100642 and attenuation of ischemia-induced brain seizures in the rat SO BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE brain injury; MCAo; sodium channels; seizures; neuroprotection ID CEREBRAL-ARTERY OCCLUSION; D-ASPARTATE ANTAGONIST; FOCAL ISCHEMIA; SENSORY NEURONS; NERVOUS-SYSTEM; TRANSIENT; INFARCTION; MODEL; PERMANENT; EPILEPSY AB Seizurogenic activity develops in many patients following brain injury and may be involved in the pathophysiological effects of brain trauma and stroke. We have evaluated the effects of the use-dependent sodium channel blocker RS100642. an analog of mexiletine, as a neuroprotectant and anti-seizure agent in a rat model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo). Post-injury treatment with RS100642 (0.01-5.0 mg/kg) dose-dependently reduced brain infarction, improved functional recovery of electroencephalographic (EEG) power, and improved neurological outcome following 2 h of MCAo and 24 h recovery. This effect was more potent and offered a larger reduction of brain infarct volume than a maximal neuroprotective dose of mexiletine (10.0 mg/kg). Furthermore, brain seizure activity recorded following I h MCAo and 72 h of recovery in injured rats was either completely blocked (30 min pre-MCAo treatment) or significantly reduced (30 min post-MCAo treatment) with RS100642 (1.0 mg/kg) treatment resulting in greater than 60% reduction of core brain infarct. These results indicate that brain seizure activity during MCAo likely contributes to the pathophysiology of brain injure and that RS 100642 may be an effective neuroprotective treatment not only to decrease brain injury but also to reduce the pathological EEG associated with focal ischemia. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Neuropharmacol & Mol Biol, Div Neurosci, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Williams, AJ (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Neuropharmacol & Mol Biol, Div Neurosci, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 42 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8993 J9 BRAIN RES JI Brain Res. PD APR 5 PY 2002 VL 932 IS 1-2 BP 45 EP 55 AR PII S0006-8993(02)02275-8 DI 10.1016/S0006-8993(02)02275-8 PG 11 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 542UV UT WOS:000175063400005 PM 11911860 ER PT J AU Kluchinsky, TA Sheely, MV Savage, PB Smith, PA AF Kluchinsky, TA Sheely, MV Savage, PB Smith, PA TI Formation of 2-chlorobenzylidenemalononitrile (CS riot control agent) thermal degradation products at elevated temperatures SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE chlorobenzylidenemalononitrile; CS AB 2-Chlorobenzylidenemalononitrile (CS riot control agent) has been shown to produce a number of thermal degradation products when dispersed at high temperature. We hypothesized that these CS-derived compounds are formed by energy input from heating during the dispersion process, Here we identified organic CS-derived compounds formed from purified CS subjected to temperatures ranging from 300 to 900 degreesC in an inert atmosphere with analysis of tube furnace effluent by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. We conclude that the production of many CS-derived compounds previously observed during high-temperature dispersion is likely to be heat related. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RP Smith, PA (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RI Smith, Philip/A-6835-2009 OI Smith, Philip/0000-0003-3787-9111 NR 27 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD APR 5 PY 2002 VL 952 IS 1-2 BP 205 EP 213 AR PII S0021-9673(02)00096-1 DI 10.1016/S0021-9673(02)00096-1 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 548QT UT WOS:000175400900020 PM 12064532 ER PT J AU Jensen, JO AF Jensen, JO TI Vibrational frequencies and structural determinations of tetrafluorodiphosphine SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE-THEOCHEM LA English DT Article DE vibrational modes; normal mode frequencies; infrared spectra; Raman spectra; tetrafluorodiphosphine; diphosphorous tetrafluoride ID ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION; GAS-PHASE; AB-INITIO; PHOSPHORUS AB The normal mode frequencies and corresponding vibrational assignments of tetrafluorodiphosphine (P2F4) in C-2h symmetry are examined theoretically using the GAUSSIAN 98 set of quantum chemistry codes. All normal modes were successfully assigned to one of six types of motion (P-F stretch, P-P stretch, PF2 scissors, PF2 twist, PF2 wag, and PF2 rock) predicted by a group theoretical analysis. By comparing the vibrational frequencies with infrared (IR) and Raman spectra available in the literature, a set of scaling factors is derived. Theoretical IR and Raman intensities are reported. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Edgewood Chem & Biol Ctr, AMSSB, RRT,DP, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Jensen, JO (reprint author), USA, Edgewood Chem & Biol Ctr, AMSSB, RRT,DP, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-1280 J9 J MOL STRUC-THEOCHEM JI Theochem-J. Mol. Struct. PD APR 5 PY 2002 VL 581 BP 195 EP 202 AR PII S0166-1280(01)00758-8 DI 10.1016/S0166-1280(01)00758-8 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 554FH UT WOS:000175723200019 ER PT J AU Mason, DP Kawamoto, F Lin, K Laoboonchai, A Wongsrichanalai, C AF Mason, DP Kawamoto, F Lin, K Laoboonchai, A Wongsrichanalai, C TI A comparison of two rapid field immunochromatographic tests to expert microscopy in the diagnosis of malaria SO ACTA TROPICA LA English DT Article DE malaria diagnosis; rapid tests; pLDH; HRP2; Myanmar ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; LACTATE-DEHYDROGENASE; VIVAX AB In Myanmar, we tested two rapid malaria immunochromatographic kits: the OptiMAL assay for the detection of parasite lactate dchydrogenase (pLDH), and the ICT Malaria P.f./P.v. test for histidine-rich protein 2 (PfHRP2) and panmalarial antigens. A total of 229 patients were examined, of whom 133 were found to be malaria positive by Giemsa microscopy, Both OptiMAL and ICT gave lower sensitivities than previously reported. ICT sensitivity for Plasmodium falciparum and non-falciparum parasites were 86.2 and 2.9%, respectively; specificity was 76.9 and 100%,, respectively. OptiMAL sensitivity for P. falciparum and non-falciparum parasites were 42.6 and 47.1%, respectively; specificity was 97.0 and 96.9%, respectively. The sensitivity of both tests for the detection of both P. falciparum and non-falciparum parasites increased with parasite density. Several explanations for these results are explored. Our results raise particular concern over batch quality variations of malaria rapid diagnostic devices (MRDDs). Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, USAMC, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Minist Hlth, Vector Borne Dis Control Project, Yangon, Myanmar. Nagoya Univ, Sch Med, Showa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466, Japan. Univ Calif San Francisco, Sch Med, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Wongsrichanalai, C (reprint author), Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, USAMC, 315-6 Rajvithi Rd, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. NR 19 TC 67 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0001-706X J9 ACTA TROP JI Acta Trop. PD APR PY 2002 VL 82 IS 1 BP 51 EP 59 AR PII S0001-706X(02)00031-1 DI 10.1016/S0001-706X(02)00031-1 PG 9 WC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 543XA UT WOS:000175126200007 PM 11904103 ER PT J AU Brundage, JF Kohlhase, KF Gambel, JM AF Brundage, JF Kohlhase, KF Gambel, JM TI Hospitalization experiences of US servicemembers before, during, and after participation in peacekeeping operations in Bosnia-Herzegovina SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE epidemiology; military medicine; prevention; Bositia-Herzegovina; population surveillance; mass screening ID GULF-WAR VETERANS; UNITED-STATES; HEALTH-STATUS; ILLNESSES; MORTALITY AB Background There are relationships among morbidity, experiences before, during, and after participation in overseas military operations. Methods U.S. servicemembers who deployed to Bosnia-Herzegovina during a 4-year period were classified based on their last hospitalizations prior to deploying. Hospitalization rates during and following deployment were calculated in relation to the timing and causes of pre-deployment hospitalizations. Results Deployers ever hospitalized pre-deployment were 120% and 50% more likely to be hospitalized during and following deployment, respectively. For nearly every category of diagnoses, hospitalization rates during and following deployment were highest among those hospitalized for the same category, intermediate among those hospitalized for other categories, and lowest among those not hospitalized prior to deploying. Deployers hospitalized within I month, 2-3 months, or > 3 months of deploying were 3.8, 2.6, and 1.4-times more likely, to be hospitalized during deployment. Conclusions The nature and recency of prior hospitalizations significantly determine during and post-deployment hospitalization risks. Published 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.(dagger) C1 USA, Med Surveillance Act, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Directorate Epidemiol & Dis Surveillance, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Orthoped Surg & Rehabil, Phys Med & Rehabil Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Brundage, JF (reprint author), USA, Med Surveillance Act, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Directorate Epidemiol & Dis Surveillance, Bldg T-20,Room 213 MCHB TS EDM,6900 Georgia Ave N, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD APR PY 2002 VL 41 IS 4 BP 279 EP 284 DI 10.1002/ajim.10075 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 534PX UT WOS:000174596100006 PM 11920971 ER PT J AU Trespalacios, F Jeschke, R Taylor, A Agodoa, L Abbott, K AF Trespalacios, F Jeschke, R Taylor, A Agodoa, L Abbott, K TI Cardioprotective medications and outcomes in chronic dialysis patients SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF KIDNEY DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0272-6386 J9 AM J KIDNEY DIS JI Am. J. Kidney Dis. PD APR PY 2002 VL 39 IS 4 MA 85 BP A32 EP A32 PG 1 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 538VD UT WOS:000174835000118 ER PT J AU Trespalacios, F Abbott, K Agodoa, L AF Trespalacios, F Abbott, K Agodoa, L TI Scleroderma at end stage renal disease in the United States: Patient characteristics and survival. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF KIDNEY DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0272-6386 J9 AM J KIDNEY DIS JI Am. J. Kidney Dis. PD APR PY 2002 VL 39 IS 4 MA 86 BP A32 EP A32 PG 1 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 538VD UT WOS:000174835000119 ER PT J AU Moran, DS Kenney, WL Pierzga, JM Pandolf, KB AF Moran, DS Kenney, WL Pierzga, JM Pandolf, KB TI Aging and assessment of physiological strain during exercise-heat stress SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE esophageal temperature; heart rate; predictive indexes; rectal temperature ID THERMOREGULATORY RESPONSES; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; HUMID HEAT; OLDER MEN; TOLERANCE; YOUNG; AGE; REPLACEMENT; ESTROGEN; INDEX AB The purpose of this study was to evaluate the physiological strain index (PSI) for different age groups during exercise-heat stress (EHS). PSI was applied to three different databases. First, from young and middle-age men (21 +/- 2 and 46 +/- 5 yr, respectively) matched (n = 9 each, P > 0.05) for maximal aerobic power. Subjects were heat acclimated by daily treadmill walking for two 50-min bouts separated by 10-min rest for 10 days in a hot-dry environment [49degrees C, 20% relative humidity (RH)]. The second database involved a group (n = 8) of young (YA) and a group (n = 7) of older (OA) men (26 +/- 1 and 69 +/- 1 yr, respectively) who underwent 16 wk of aerobic training and two control groups (n = 7 each) who were matched for age to YA and OA. These four groups performed EHS at 36degrees C, 40% RH on a cycle ergometer for 60 min at 60% maximal aerobic power before and after training. The third database was obtained from three groups of postmenopausal women and a group of 10 men. Two groups of women (n = 8 each) were undergoing hormone replacement therapy, estrogen or estrogen plus progesterone, and the third group (n = 9) received no hormone replacement. Subjects were over 50 yr and performed the same EHS: exercising at 36degrees C, 40% RH on a cycle ergometer for 60 min. PSI assessed the strain for all three databases and reported differences were significant at P < 0.05. This index rated the strain in rank order, whereas the postacclimation and posttraining groups were assessed as having less strain than the preacclimation and pretraining groups. Furthermore, middle-aged women on estrogen replacement therapy had less strain than estrogen + progesterone and no hormone therapy. PSI evaluation was extended for men and women of different ages (50-70 yr) during acute EHS, heat acclimation, after aerobic training, and inclusive of women undergoing hormone replacement therapy. C1 Chaim Sheba Med Ctr, Heller Inst Med Res, Sackler Fac Med, IL-52621 Tel Hashomer, Israel. USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Penn State Univ, Noll Physiol Res Ctr, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Moran, DS (reprint author), Chaim Sheba Med Ctr, Heller Inst Med Res, Sackler Fac Med, IL-52621 Tel Hashomer, Israel. FU NIA NIH HHS [R01 AG07004]; NIGMS NIH HHS [T32 GM-08619] NR 28 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0363-6119 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-REG I JI Am. J. Physiol.-Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 282 IS 4 BP R1063 EP R1069 DI 10.1152/ajpregu.00364.2001 PG 7 WC Physiology SC Physiology GA 530NN UT WOS:000174364900016 PM 11893610 ER PT J AU Montgomery, SP Mog, SR Xu, H Tadaki, DK Hirschberg, B Berning, JD Leconte, J Harlan, DM Hale, D Kirk, AD AF Montgomery, SP Mog, SR Xu, H Tadaki, DK Hirschberg, B Berning, JD Leconte, J Harlan, DM Hale, D Kirk, AD TI Efficacy and toxicity of a protocol using sirolimus, tacrolimus and daclizumab in a nonhuman primate renal allotransplant model SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Article DE allograft; daclizumab; kidney transplantation; primate; sirolimus; tacrolimus ID RAPAMYCIN; TRANSPLANTATION; COMBINATION; PROGRESSION; ALLOGRAFTS; SURVIVAL; REGIMEN; FK506 AB A regimen combining sirolimus, tacrolimus, and daclizumab has recently been shown to provide adequate immunosuppression for allogeneic islet transplantation in humans, but remains unproven for primarily vascularized allografts. We evaluated this regimen for renal allograft transplantation in mismatched nonhuman primates. Dosages of sirolimus and tacrolimus were adjusted for trough levels of 10-15 ng/mL and 4-6 ng/mL, respectively. Treated monkeys (n = 5) had significantly prolonged allograft survival, with a mean survival of 36 days vs. 7 days in untreated controls (n = 6, p = 0.008). Four of five treated animals, but none of the controls, developed fibrinoid vascular necrosis of the small intestine. A review of gut histology from animals on other immunosuppressive protocols performed by our laboratory suggested that these lesions were a result of sirolimus exposure. In summary this regimen prolongs the survival of vascularized renal allografts, but is limited by profound GI toxicity in rhesus macaques. C1 NIDDK, Navy Transplant & Autoimmun Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Naval Med Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Gen Surg, Washington, DC 20307 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, Dept Pathol, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Kirk, AD (reprint author), NIDDK, Navy Transplant & Autoimmun Branch, Room 11S-219,Bldg 10,Ctr Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RI Kirk, Allan/B-6905-2012 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI43900-01] NR 15 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 1600-6135 J9 AM J TRANSPLANT JI Am. J. Transplant. PD APR PY 2002 VL 2 IS 4 BP 381 EP 385 DI 10.1034/j.1600-6143.2002.20415.x PG 5 WC Surgery; Transplantation SC Surgery; Transplantation GA 551AB UT WOS:000175536300015 PM 12118862 ER PT J AU Coleman, RE Maneechai, N Rachapaew, N Kumpitak, C Soyseng, V Miller, RS Thimasarn, K Sattabongkot, J AF Coleman, RE Maneechai, N Rachapaew, N Kumpitak, C Soyseng, V Miller, RS Thimasarn, K Sattabongkot, J TI Field evaluation of the ICT malaria PF/PV immunochromatographic test for the detection of asymptomatic malaria in a Plasmodium falciparum/vivax endemic area in Thailand SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID CLINICAL-DIAGNOSIS; EXPERT MICROSCOPY; PCR AB Rapid antigen assays provide an effective tool for the detection of malaria in symptomatic patients. However, the efficacy of these devices for detecting asymptomatic malaria, where parasite levels are normally significantly lower than in symptomatic patients, is less well established. We evaluated the efficacy of a new combined Plasmodium falciparum-Plasmodim vivax immunochromatographic test (ICT Malaria Pf/Pv) in a cross-sectional malaria survey of the village of Ban Kong Mong Tha, Kanchanaburi Provice, Thailand, from August to December 2000. A total of 1,976 bleeds were made from 559 individuals over the course of the study. Blinded microscopy of thick and thin blood films was used as the gold standards all discordant and 10% of concordant results were cross-checked. Of 1,976 ICT Malaria Pf/Pv dipsticks tested, 98.3% (n = 1,943) performed as expected, as evidenced by the appearance of the control line. The ICT Malaria Pf/Pv test was both sensitive (100.0%) and specific (99.7%) for the diagnosis of falciparum malaria with parasitemias of greater than or equal to500 trophozoites/muL; however only 15.9% (13/82) of infected individuals had parasitemia rates this high. When P. falciparum parasitemia rates were <500/μL, the sensitivity of the diagnosis was only 23.3%, with a positive predictive value (PPV) and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 76.2 and 97.2%. respectively. The ICT Malaria Pf/Pv test was specific, but not sensitive. for the diagnosis of vivax malaria with parasite rates of : 500 trophozoites/μl, with sensitivity, specificity, PPV. and NPV of 66.7%, 99.9%, 66.7%, and 99.9%, respectively. At parasite rates of <500/muL, corresponding values were 0.0%, 99.9%, 0%, and 95.1%. Because of the relatively high cost of these assays, low parasite rates found in the majority of asymptomatic individuals. and low sensitivity of this assay with rates of <50/μl, use of this assay as a tool for active case detection is of limited value in western Thailand. C1 Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Entomol, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Sankhlaburi Dist Malaria Clin, Kanchanaburi, Thailand. Minist Publ Hlth, Dept Communicable Dis Control, Malaria Div, Nonthaburi, Thailand. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Immunol, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. RP Coleman, RE (reprint author), Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Entomol, 315-6 Rajvithi Rd, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. NR 16 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD APR PY 2002 VL 66 IS 4 BP 379 EP 383 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 577LM UT WOS:000177062400007 PM 12164291 ER PT J AU Withers, MR Correa, MT Morrow, M Stebbins, ME Seriwatana, J Webster, WD Boak, MB Vaughn, DW AF Withers, MR Correa, MT Morrow, M Stebbins, ME Seriwatana, J Webster, WD Boak, MB Vaughn, DW TI Antibody levels to hepatitis E virus in North Carolina swine workers, non-swine workers, swine, and murids SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; INFECTION; PREVALENCE AB In a cross-sectional serosurvey, eastern North Carolina swine workers (n = 165) were compared with non-swine workers (127) for the presence of antibodies to hepatitis E virus as measured by a quantitative immunoglobulin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Using a cutoff of 20 Walter Reed U/ml, swine-exposed subjects had a 4.5-fold higher antibody prevalence (10.9%) khan unexposed subjects (2.4%). No evidence of past clinical hepatitis E or unexplained jaundice could be elicited. Swine (84) and mice (61), from farm sites in the same region as exposed subjects. were also tested. Antibody prevalence in swine (overall = 34.5%) varied widely (10.0-91.7%) according to site, but no antibody was detected in mice. Our data contribute to the accumulating evidence that hepatitis E may he a zoonosis and specifically to the concept of it as an occupational infection of livestock workers. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Communicable Dis & Immunol, Dept Virus Dis, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Farm Anim Hlth & Resource Management, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol Sci, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. RP Withers, MR (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Communicable Dis & Immunol, Dept Virus Dis, Bldg 503,Forney Rd, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 26 TC 70 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD APR PY 2002 VL 66 IS 4 BP 384 EP 388 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 577LM UT WOS:000177062400008 PM 12164292 ER PT J AU Richards, AL Rahardjo, E Rusjdi, AF Kelly, DJ Dasch, GA Church, CJ Bangs, MJ AF Richards, AL Rahardjo, E Rusjdi, AF Kelly, DJ Dasch, GA Church, CJ Bangs, MJ TI Evidence of Rickettsia typhi and the potential for murine typhus in Jayapura, Irian Jaya, Indonesia SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article AB Murine typhus (etiologic agent: Rickettsia typhi) is endemic to Indonesia. especially on the highly populated island of Java. A survey of rodents from Irian Java, the eastern-most province of Indonesia, indicated striking geographic variation in risk factors associated with murine typhus. Murid rodents (n = 112) collected from two villages in the Arso district of northeastern Irian Java, were found to be free of ectoparasites normally associated with transmission of R. typhi (i.e., Xenopsylla cheopis). All rodents (n = 72) tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were negative for antibodies to R. typhi, whereas 12.5% (9/72) were positive for antibodies to Orienta tsutsugamushi. In contrast. both Rattus norvegicus and R. rattus (combined n = 87) from the harbor area of the provincial capital. Jayapura, were infested with flea ectoparasites. X. cheopis was found on 31 (35.6%) of the live-captured rodents. Serum samples from nine of 82 rodents contained antibodies reactive to R. typhi (11.0%). These data show for the first time that rodents exposed to R. typhi are well established in Jayapura, and that some of these rodents harbor fleas potentially capable of transmitting murine typhus and plague. C1 Naval Med Res Ctr, Rickettsial Dis Dept, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. US Naval Med Res Unit No 2, Jakarta, Indonesia. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD USA. NIHRD, Communicable Dis Res Ctr, Jakarta, Indonesia. Naval Med Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC USA. RP Richards, AL (reprint author), Naval Med Res Ctr, Rickettsial Dis Dept, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 15 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD APR PY 2002 VL 66 IS 4 BP 431 EP 434 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 577LM UT WOS:000177062400017 PM 12164301 ER PT J AU Krishnamurti, C Peat, RA Cutting, MA Rothwell, SW AF Krishnamurti, C Peat, RA Cutting, MA Rothwell, SW TI Platelet adhesion to dengue-2 virus-infected endothelial cells SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID PROSTACYCLIN PGI2; ACTIVATING-FACTOR; VASCULAR CELLS; ADHERENCE; THROMBIN; IDENTIFICATION; AUTOCRINE; MOLECULE; ASPIRIN; RABBIT AB Platelets in circulation normally do not adhere to resting endothelial cells. However, in response to vascular injury they adhere to stimulated endothelium and thereby play an essential role in hemostasis and thrombosis. Infection with dengue-2 virus can cause illness accompanied by thrombocytopenia and hemorrhage. Increased adherence of platelets to stimulated endothelial cells could contribute to the thrombocytopenia. In this study, adherence of radioisotopically labeled platelets to 1) unstimulated, 2) lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated, and 3) dengue-2 virus-infected human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) was measured in an in vitro assay. Primary HUVEC were cultured in 96-well tissue culture plates in the presence or absence of LPS or dengue-2 virus. These cells were coincubated with H-3-adenine-labeled fresh platelets for 30 min after which the cells were assayed for adherent platelets. Within 30 min there was maximum adherence of platelets to confluent LPS-stimulated HUVEC (36 +/- 4% over controls: P = 0.005). In comparison, there was a significant increase in adherence to dengue-2 infected HUVEC (78 +/- 7%; P less than or equal to 0.001). Additionally, platelet adherence was visualized using fluorescent microscopy. Dengue-2 infection stimulated the HUVEC as monitored by expression of E-selectin. Platelets that adhered to dengue-2 or LPS-stimulated HUVEC were activated as visualized by dual fluorescent probes. These data demonstrate that human platelets adhere to dengue-2 virus-stimulated HUVEC and this interaction could contribute to the thrombocytopenia observed during infection. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Blood Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Krishnamurti, C (reprint author), NHLBI, NIH, Dept Extramural Affairs, Review Branch, 6701 Rockledge Dr,Room 7206, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 33 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD APR PY 2002 VL 66 IS 4 BP 435 EP 441 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 577LM UT WOS:000177062400018 PM 12164302 ER PT J AU Sees, DW Obney, JA Tripp, HF AF Sees, DW Obney, JA Tripp, HF TI Empyema complicating muscle-sparing thoracotomy: The role of wound management SO AMERICAN SURGEON LA English DT Article AB The fascial layers bordering the latissimus dorsi and anchoring the serratus muscles often do not lend themselves to impervious closure during muscle-sparing thoracotomy. Fluid from the subcutaneous space may therefore drain into the pleural cavity after such procedures. If this fluid is contaminated with microorganisms the potential for development of empyema is present. Two patients are presented in whom this scenario was presumed to have occurred. Early intervention in the second patient was felt to have avoided the development of a major empyema. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Div Cardiovasc Surg, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Tripp, HF (reprint author), Cardiovasc Inst South, 611 Liberty St, Houma, LA 70360 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHEASTERN SURGICAL CONGRESS PI ATLANTA PA 141 WEST WIEUCA RD, STE B100, ATLANTA, GA 30342 USA SN 0003-1348 J9 AM SURGEON JI Am. Surg. PD APR PY 2002 VL 68 IS 4 BP 390 EP 391 PG 2 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 536DE UT WOS:000174684800027 PM 11952254 ER PT J AU Hundahl, SA Macdonald, JS Benedetti, J Fitzsimmons, T AF Hundahl, SA Macdonald, JS Benedetti, J Fitzsimmons, T CA SW Oncology Grp & Gastric Intergrp TI Surgical treatment variation in a prospective, randomized trial of chemoradiotherapy in gastric cancer: The effect of undertreatment SO ANNALS OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE gastric cancer; stomach cancer; lymphadenectomy; quality; survival ID LYMPH-NODE DISSECTION; TOTAL GASTRECTOMY; D-2 RESECTIONS; SURVIVAL; MORBIDITY; CARCINOMA; SURGEONS AB Background: Intergroup 0116 (Southwest Oncology Group 9008), a national, multicenter, two-armed, prospective, randomized trial of adjuvant postoperative chemoradiotherapy, has demonstrated significant benefit. Methods: We prospectively captured complete surgical information, including the treatment of various lymph node stations, for 553 of the 556 eligible participants in this trial. Before any survival analysis, we coded D level by using the Japanese general rules and used the Maruyama program to estimate the likelihood of disease in undissected regional node stations, defining the sum of these estimates as the Maruyama Index of Unresected Disease (MI). We analyzed survival with Cox multivariate regression. Results: Fifty-four percent of participating patients underwent DO lymphadenectomy. The median MI was 70 (range, 0-429). In contrast to D level, MI proved to be an independent prognostic factor, even with adjustment for the potentially linked variables of T stage and number of positive nodes. We detected no significant interaction between surgical or pathologic variables and the favorable effect of adjuvant treatment, but the power to detect such interaction was generally low. Conclusions: MI, a measure of unresected regional nodal disease in gastric cancer, proved an independent predictor of survival. Surgical undertreatment, as observed in this trial, clearly undermined survival. C1 Queens Canc Inst, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. St Vincents Comprehens Canc Ctr, New York, NY USA. SW Oncol Grp Stat Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Hundahl, SA (reprint author), Queens Canc Inst, 1301 Punchbowl St, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA45450, CA31946, CA45377, CA76448, CA46368, CA58348, CA38926, CA45461, CA67663, CA46282, CA35192, CA15488, CA58723, CA58415, CA20319, CA58416, CA46113, CA96429, CA74647, CA58686, CA35176, CA35261, CA35281, CA12213, CA25224, CA04919, CA16385, CA46441, CA42777, CA21661, CA46136, CA27057, CA12644, CA52654, CA22433, CA63844, CA58882, CA45807, CA63845, CA37981, CA76447, CA32102, CA04920] NR 34 TC 143 Z9 151 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1068-9265 J9 ANN SURG ONCOL JI Ann. Surg. Oncol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 9 IS 3 BP 278 EP 286 DI 10.1245/aso.2002.9.3.278 PG 9 WC Oncology; Surgery SC Oncology; Surgery GA 538YE UT WOS:000174842100012 PM 11923135 ER PT J AU Newton, PN van Vugt, M Teja-Isavadharm, P Siriyanonda, D Rasameesoroj, M Teerapong, P Ruangveerayuth, R Slight, T Nosten, F Suputtamongkol, Y Looareesuwan, S White, NJ AF Newton, PN van Vugt, M Teja-Isavadharm, P Siriyanonda, D Rasameesoroj, M Teerapong, P Ruangveerayuth, R Slight, T Nosten, F Suputtamongkol, Y Looareesuwan, S White, NJ TI Comparison of oral artesunate and dihydroartemisinin antimalarial bioavailabilities in acute falciparum malaria SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID MEFLOQUINE; THAILAND AB Plasma antimalarial activity following oral artesunate or dihydroartemisinin (DHA) treatment was measured by a bioassay in 18 patients with uncomplicated falciparum malaria. The mean antimalarial activity in terms of the bioavailability of DHA relative to that of artesunate did not differ significantly from 1, suggesting that DHA can be formulated to be an acceptable oral alternative to artesunate. C1 Mahidol Univ, Fac Trop Med, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Mahidol Univ, Fac Pharm, Dept Pharmacol, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Mae Sot Hosp, Mae Sot, Tak, Thailand. Shoklo Malaria Res Uni, Mae Sot, Tak, Thailand. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Immunol Med, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Siriraj Hosp, Dept Med, Bangkok, Thailand. John Radcliffe Hosp, Nuffield Dept Clin Med, Oxford OX3 9DU, England. Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP White, NJ (reprint author), Mahidol Univ, Fac Trop Med, 420-6 Rajvithi Rd, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. RI White, Nicholas/I-4629-2012; OI Nosten, Francois/0000-0002-7951-0745 NR 16 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD APR PY 2002 VL 46 IS 4 BP 1125 EP 1127 DI 10.1128/AAC.46.4.1125-1127.2002 PG 3 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 534QE UT WOS:000174597000033 PM 11897605 ER PT J AU Bray, M Paragas, J AF Bray, M Paragas, J TI Experimental therapy of filovirus infections SO ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE filovirus; Ebola virus; Marburg virus; antiviral therapy; S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase; interferon-alpha ID ADENOSYLHOMOCYSTEINE HYDROLASE INHIBITORS; EBOLA-VIRUS GLYCOPROTEIN; MARBURG-VIRUS; S-ADENOSYLHOMOCYSTEINE; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; ADENOSINE-ANALOGS; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; ANTIVIRAL AGENTS; MESSENGER-RNA; REPLICATION C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Dept Viral Theapeut, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Bray, M (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Dept Viral Theapeut, 1425 Porter St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 79 TC 43 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-3542 J9 ANTIVIR RES JI Antiviral Res. PD APR PY 2002 VL 54 IS 1 BP 1 EP 17 AR PII S0166-3542(02)00005-0 DI 10.1016/S0166-3542(02)00005-0 PG 17 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA 537LA UT WOS:000174759000001 PM 11888653 ER PT J AU Royer, MAJM Crowe, COLM AF Royer, MAJM Crowe, COLM TI American cutaneous leishmaniasis - A cluster of 3 cases during military training in Panama SO ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID DIAGNOSIS AB We present 3 cases of American cutaneous leishmaniasis occurring in soldiers of a unit of US Army Rangers who parachuted into the jungles of Panama. Shortly after returning to the United States, these 3 soldiers each developed a crusted, indurated papule, which slowly enlarged during the following 6 weeks. Routine microscopy of skin biopsies revealed a dermal granulomatous inflammation and a predominantly lymphoid infiltrate. Numerous histiocytes contained small oval organisms with bar-shaped paranuclear kinetoplasts, morphologically consistent with leishmanial parasites. Cultures grew Leishmaniasis brasiliensis, subspecies panamensis. The soldiers were treated with intravenous pentavalent antimonial therapy daily for 20 days with good clinical improvement. Epidemics of leishmaniasis occur periodically in tropical regions of the world, and leishmaniasis has emerged in new settings, for example, as an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-associated opportunistic infection. With an increasingly mobile society, it is important to be familiar with the clinical and histopathologic appearance of conditions such as leishmaniasis, which are common in tropical and subtropical regions and are increasingly significant in other regions of the world. C1 Womack Army Med Ctr, Dept Anat & Clin Pathol, Ft Bragg, NC USA. Madigan Army Med Ctr, Dermatol Serv, Tacoma, WA 98431 USA. RP Royer, MAJM (reprint author), Womack Army Med Ctr, Dept Anat & Clin Pathol, Ft Bragg, NC USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU COLLEGE AMER PATHOLOGISTS PI NORTHFIELD PA C/O KIMBERLY GACKI, 325 WAUKEGAN RD, NORTHFIELD, IL 60093-2750 USA SN 0003-9985 J9 ARCH PATHOL LAB MED JI Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. PD APR PY 2002 VL 126 IS 4 BP 471 EP 473 PG 3 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 539EJ UT WOS:000174857100016 PM 11900576 ER PT J AU Johnson, VV Gaertner, EM Crothers, BA AF Johnson, VV Gaertner, EM Crothers, BA TI Fine-needle aspiration of renal angiosarcoma SO ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID FEATURES; BIOPSY AB Angiosarcoma of the kidney is an unusual neoplasm, and primary renal angiosarcoma is exceedingly rare, with fewer than 11 well-documented cases reported to date. To our knowledge, no publication to date has correlated the fine-needle aspiration cytologic findings in renal angiosarcoma with the gross, histologic, and immunohistochemical findings. A 50-year-old man presented with a left kidney mass and multiple liver and pulmonary nodules. Computed tomography-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsies of the renal mass and a hepatic nodule were performed and demonstrated malignant spindle cells consistent with angiosarcoma. The diagnosis was confirmed at autopsy through histologic examination and associated ancillary studies. This case presents the fine-needle aspiration cytologic findings in renal angiosarcoma and correlates these findings with the gross pathologic, histologic, and immunohistochemical findings. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Johnson, VV (reprint author), USN Hosp, Dept Pathol, 3001A 6th St, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. NR 9 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU COLLEGE AMER PATHOLOGISTS PI NORTHFIELD PA C/O KIMBERLY GACKI, 325 WAUKEGAN RD, NORTHFIELD, IL 60093-2750 USA SN 0003-9985 J9 ARCH PATHOL LAB MED JI Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. PD APR PY 2002 VL 126 IS 4 BP 478 EP 480 PG 3 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 539EJ UT WOS:000174857100018 PM 11900578 ER PT J AU Tolnay, M Juang, YT Tsokos, GC AF Tolnay, M Juang, YT Tsokos, GC TI Protein kinase A enhances, whereas glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta inhibits, the activity of the exon 2-encoded transactivator domain of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein D in a hierarchical fashion SO BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE hnRNP D; phosphorylation; protein kinase C; transcription ID DNA-BINDING PROTEIN; AU-RICH ELEMENT; MESSENGER-RNA; HNRNP-D; TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATION; SIGNALING PATHWAY; GENE-EXPRESSION; PHOSPHORYLATION; IDENTIFICATION; INACTIVATION AB Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein D (hnRNP D) is implicated in transcriptional regulation. Alternative splicing of exons 2 and 7 generates four isoforms of the protein. We report here that only isoforms that contain the product of exon 2 (amino acids 79-97) were able to transactivate. Moreover, the exon 2-encoded protein domain alone was sufficient to drive transcription. TATA-binding protein and p300 interacted with a synthetic peptide corresponding to exon 2, and both proteins co-precipitated with hnRNP D. Stimulation of protein kinase A (PKA) and protein kinase C (PKC) synergistically induced the transactivating ability of hnRNP D, and the exon 2-encoded domain was sufficient for this inducibility. In kinase assays PKA phosphorylated Ser-87 of hnRNP D, whereas glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3beta) phosphorylated Ser-83. but only if Ser-87 had been pre-phosphorylated by PKA. Phosphorylation of Ser-87 enhanced, whereas phosphorylation of Ser-83 repressed, transactivation. Overexpression of GSK-3beta inhibited transactivation by hnRNP D, but stimulation of PKC negated the inhibitory effect of GSK-3beta. We suggest that a hierarchical phosphorylation pathway regulates the transactivating ability of hnRNP D: PKA activates hnRNP D, but at the same time renders it sensitive to inhibition by GSK-3beta: the latter inhibition can be suspended by inactivating GSK-3beta with PKC. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Cellular Injury, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Tolnay, M (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Cellular Injury, Bldg 503,Rm 1A32,503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI42782] NR 45 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU PORTLAND PRESS PI LONDON PA 59 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON W1N 3AJ, ENGLAND SN 0264-6021 J9 BIOCHEM J JI Biochem. J. PD APR 1 PY 2002 VL 363 BP 127 EP 136 DI 10.1042/0264-6021:3630127 PN 1 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 540YJ UT WOS:000174958200016 PM 11903055 ER PT J AU Perkins, JG Flynn, JM Howard, RS Byrd, JC AF Perkins, JG Flynn, JM Howard, RS Byrd, JC TI Frequency and type of serious infections in fludarabine-refractory B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia and small lymphocytic lymphoma - Implications for clinical trials in this patient population SO CANCER LA English DT Article DE chronic lymphocytic leukemia; small lymphocytic lymphoma; fludarabine; refractory; infection; retrospective ID NATIONAL-CANCER-INSTITUTE; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; FOLLOW-UP; CLL; CAMPATH-1H; MULTICENTER; EXPERIENCE; RESISTANT; TOXICITY; THERAPY AB BACKGROUND. Treatments for fludarabine-refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)/small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) are limited. Most new therapies being examined in fludarabine-refractory patients have shown a high frequency of serious infection. Little data exist regarding the frequency of infections in this population treated with noninvestigational best supportive care therapies. METHODS. The infectious courses of 27 patients with fludarabine-refractory CLL/ SLL were retrospectively reviewed. Fludarabine-refractoriness was defined as either relapse within six months of completion of or failure to respond to fludarabine treatment. Infections were documented after patients met National Cancer Institute criteria for further treatment. Serious infections were defined as infections mandating admission to the hospital for intravenous antibiotics. RESULTS. Patient characteristics included: median age 67 years (range, 40-83), median 3 chemotherapy treatments (range, 1-8), and hypogammaglobulinemia in 73% of patients. Pneumocystis carinii prophylaxis was given to 89% of patients. Serious infections developed in 24 out of 27 patients (89%). Patients had a median of 2 admissions (range, 0-11) for serious infection occurring at a median of 4 months (range, 0-21) from onset of fludarabine-reftactoriness. The median frequency of admission for infection was 0.17 per month. Most common sites for infection in decreasing frequency were: respiratory tract, urinary tract, blood/ sepsis, and soft tissues. Bacteria caused 69 out of 88 infections (78.4%); viruses (varicella-zoster and herpes simplex) caused 11 out of 88 (12.5%); fungi caused 4 out of 88 (4.5%); and opportunistic infections caused 4 out of 88 (4.5%). Median survival was 13.0 months (range, 1-44+). CONCLUSIONS. The frequency of serious infections in patients with fludarabine-refractory CLL/SLL is high. These findings are relevant to trials with new and highly effective agents for which the incidence of serious infections after treatment might otherwise appear to be prohibitively high. C1 Ohio State Univ, Div Hematol Oncol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Div Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Byrd, JC (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Div Hematol Oncol, B301 Starling Loving Hall,320 W 10th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [P01 CA 81534-02] NR 31 TC 95 Z9 95 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD APR 1 PY 2002 VL 94 IS 7 BP 2033 EP 2039 DI 10.1002/cncr.10437 PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 536TJ UT WOS:000174717700017 PM 11932906 ER PT J AU Shorr, AF Thomas, SJ Alkins, SA Fitzpatrick, TM Ling, GS AF Shorr, AF Thomas, SJ Alkins, SA Fitzpatrick, TM Ling, GS TI D-dimer correlates with proinflammatory cytokine levels and outcomes in critically ill patients SO CHEST LA English DT Article DE ARDS; critical illness; cytokine; d-dimer; death; outcomes; sepsis ID MULTIPLE ORGAN DYSFUNCTION; CONSENSUS CONFERENCE; PREDICTS MORTALITY; SEPSIS SYNDROME; SEPTIC SHOCK; PROTEIN-C; FAILURE; DISEASE; PATHOGENESIS; COAGULATION AB Study objectives: To determine the relationship between d-dimer (DD) and both proinflammation, and anti-inflammatory cytokine levels, and to confirm the association between DD status and Outcomes in critically ill patients. Design: Prospective observational study. Setting: Medical ICU (MICU) of a tertiary care, academic medical center. Patients: Individuals admitted to the MICU. Interventions: Within 24 h of MICU admission, patients had DD status determined and interleukin (IL) levels (IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha measured. The strength of the DD level was also noted. Subjects were then monitored prospectively to determine mortality rate and the incidence of organ failure. Measurement and results: The study cohort included 79 patients (mean age, 65.2 years; 54.5% male patients). DD was present in 53.2% of subjects. The DD reaction was weak (1+) in 15 patients and strong (2+) in 27 patients. The TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-8 levels all increased in parallel with the increasing strength of the DD level. IL-10 levels did not differ based on DD status. Similarly, the severity of illness as measured by the APACHE (acute physiology and chronic health evaluation) II score was highest among those with higher DD levels: 24.7 +/- 6.2 for those with 2+ DD vs 17.2 +/- 3.1 and 11.5 +/- 2.7 for those with 1+ DD and no circulating DD, respectively (p < 0.001). For patients lacking DD, the mortality rate as 8.1%, Compared to 13.3% and 55.6% for those with 1+ and 2+ DD levels, respectively (1) < 0.001). No patient without DD had multisystem organ failure (MSOF) develop, while the incidence of MSOF also increased with increasing DD levels. As a screening test for mortality, the DD performed as well as the APACHE II system. Conclusions: The coagulation system is active in critically ill patients, and DD levels correlate with activation of the proinflammatory cytokine cascade. The absence of a relationship between DD and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10) suggests that the presence of DD may reflect the imbalance between proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. DD identifie's patients at increased risk for both MSOF and death. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Shorr, AF (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, 6900 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 32 TC 64 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 USA SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD APR PY 2002 VL 121 IS 4 BP 1262 EP 1268 DI 10.1378/chest.121.4.1262 PG 7 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 545PM UT WOS:000175226400041 PM 11948062 ER PT J AU Miller, FG Shorr, AF AF Miller, FG Shorr, AF TI Ethical assessment of industry-sponsored clinical trials - A case analysis SO CHEST LA English DT Article DE ethics; industry-sponsored clinical trials; placebo controls ID DRY POWDER INHALER; MOMETASONE FUROATE; FLUTICASONE PROPIONATE; PERSISTENT ASTHMA; MODERATE ASTHMA; EFFICACY; BECLOMETHASONE; SAFETY AB The rapid growth of clinical trials sponsored by the pharmaceutical industry and conducted by community physicians raises concerns about the scientific quality of thin research and the adequacy of protections for research participants. In this article, we present an in-depth ethical analysis of a recent industry-sponsored placebo-controlled study for treatment of asthma. The ethical analysis uses a proposed ethical framework for evaluating clinical research focusing on seven ethical requirements: (1) scientific value, (2) scientific validity, (3) fair subject selection, (4) favorable risk/benefit ratio, (5) independent review, (6) informed consent, and (7) respect for enrolled subjects. C1 NIH, Dept Clin Bioeth, Ctr Clin, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Miller, FG (reprint author), NIH, Dept Clin Bioeth, Ctr Clin, Bldg 10,Room 1C118, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 22 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 USA SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD APR PY 2002 VL 121 IS 4 BP 1337 EP 1342 DI 10.1378/chest.121.4.1337 PG 6 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 545PM UT WOS:000175226400050 PM 11948071 ER PT J AU Russell, JS Walesh, SG Anderson, RO Buehring, NL Duncan, AD Durrant, JE Esslinger, JC Galloway, GE Maples, BA Parsons, BK Price, BE Lenox, TA AF Russell, JS Walesh, SG Anderson, RO Buehring, NL Duncan, AD Durrant, JE Esslinger, JC Galloway, GE Maples, BA Parsons, BK Price, BE Lenox, TA TI Policy statement 465: Why we must raise the bar SO CIVIL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB In October 1998, ASCE's Board of Direction adopted Policy Statement 465, which supports the concept of the master's degree as a prerequisite for the practice of civil engineering at the professional level. Last fall the board adopted refinements and clarifications of the policy statement recommended by the Task Committee on the First Professional Degree. In essence this committee recommended that admission to the practice of civil engineering at the professional level occur at licensure and require a body of specialized knowledge as reflected by a combination of a bachelor's degree and a master's degree or equivalent, appropriate experience, and a commitment to lifelong learning. The board also set up a new task committee in October-the Task Committee on the Academic Prerequisites for Professional Practice-and charged its members with developing a plan for its implementation. Policy Statement 465 is one of the most profound statements rendered by civil engineering professionals within the past several decades for it recommends that the profession reconstruct the academic foundation for professional practice. The rationale underlying the recommendation is that a bachelor's degree is becoming inadequate for licensure and the practice of civil engineering at the professional level-that a new model for civil engineering education is needed to prepare practitioners for the increasingly complex work in which they will be engaged in the 21st century. This article, written by members of the task committee-a committee composed of seasoned practitioners, academics, and young ASCE members explains why new academic prerequisites for licensure and professional practice are so important to the future of the civil engineering profession and outlines the recommended plan for implementation. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Somat Engn Inc, Taylor, MI USA. LasVirgenes Municipal Water Dist, Calabasas, CA USA. USA, Corps Engineers, New Orleans, LA USA. ASCE, Reston, VA USA. US Sect Intl Joint Commiss, Washington, DC USA. KPFF, Seattle, WA USA. ASCE, Washington, DC USA. Louisiana Tech Univ, Ruston, LA 71270 USA. RP Russell, JS (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0885-7024 J9 CIVIL ENG JI Civil Eng. PD APR PY 2002 VL 72 IS 4 BP 60 EP + PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 539HH UT WOS:000174864100028 ER PT J AU Young-McCaughan, S Rich, IM Lindsay, GC Bertram, KA AF Young-McCaughan, S Rich, IM Lindsay, GC Bertram, KA TI The Department of Defense Congressionally Directed Medical Research Program: Innovations in the federal funding of biomedical research SO CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB In response to the lobbying efforts of the women's advocacy movement, in 1993 Congress authorized funds for a substantial increase in support of new and promising research aimed at the eradication of breast cancer. This appropriation resulted in a major expansion of the United States Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, Department of Defense Breast Cancer Research Program. The Office of Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs was established within the United States Army Medical Research and Materiel Command to facilitate the management of the expanded extramural research program. Since that time, the programs have grown to include not just breast cancer but also prostate cancer, ovarian cancer, and neurofibromatosis. The unique appropriations to the Office of Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs has resulted in a number of programmatic innovations. These include development of unique mechanisms of grant support, inclusion of consumer advocates on peer and programmatic review panels, and the introduction of criteria-based evaluation and scoring in peer review. This article describes these novel scientific management strategies and outlines their success in meeting program visions and goals. C1 USA, Med Res & Mat Command, Congressionally Directed Med Res Program, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Bertram, KA (reprint author), USA, Med Res & Mat Command, Congressionally Directed Med Res Program, 1077 Patchel St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI BIRMINGHAM PA PO BOX 11806, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35202 USA SN 1078-0432 J9 CLIN CANCER RES JI Clin. Cancer Res. PD APR PY 2002 VL 8 IS 4 BP 957 EP 962 PG 6 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 540TU UT WOS:000174946200006 PM 11948100 ER PT J AU Shapeero, LG Vanel, D Verstraete, KL Bloem, JL AF Shapeero, LG Vanel, D Verstraete, KL Bloem, JL TI Fast magnetic resonance imaging with contrast for soft tissue sarcoma viability SO CLINICAL ORTHOPAEDICS AND RELATED RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Musculoskeletal-Tumor-Society CY MAY, 2001 CL BALTIMORE, MARYLAND SP Musculoskeletal Tumor Soc ID ADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY; MUSCULOSKELETAL LESIONS; OSTEOGENIC-SARCOMA; SURGICAL MARGINS; TUMORS; OSTEOSARCOMA; BONE; DIFFERENTIATION; RECURRENCE; EXTREMITY AB Because dynamic (fast) contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging with its temporal resolution allows evaluation of contrast kinetics of soft tissue sarcomas, its efficacy for defining viable tumor in these neoplasms was studied for three applications: biopsy localization, chemotherapeutic response, and differentiation between recurrence and inflammation after treatment. After conventional T1-weighted and T2-weighted magnetic resonance sequences to localize the lesion, patients had dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging with fast and ultrafast sequences and postprocessing techniques (subtraction, time-intensity curves, and parametric color-encoding). In 10 of 40 patients, dynamic imaging more precisely defined the most malignant foci of tumor for biopsy than conventional magnetic resonance imaging. After chemotherapy, dynamic imaging distinguished 11 good responders from 21 poor responders. In followup of 196 patients, dynamic imaging detected :12 early enhancing recurrences and excluded recurrent tumor in six late enhancing pseudotumors. Dynamic imaging can differentiate viable tumor from nonviable tumor and inflammation by showing two temporally different phases of contrast enhancement: an early phase correlative with viable tumor at histologic examination, and a late phase when all tissues enhance simultaneously and may be indistinguishable. By showing tumor viability, dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging can help define biopsy sites, chemotherapeutic response, and presence or absence of recurrences and therefore affect the initial evaluation, treatment, and followup of patients with soft tissue sarcomas. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Radiol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. US Mil Canc Inst, Bone & Soft Tissue Sarcoma Program, Washington, DC USA. Inst Gustave Roussy, Dept Radiol, Villejuif, France. State Univ Ghent Hosp, Dept Radiol, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. Leiden Univ Hosp, Dept Radiol, NL-2333 AA Leiden, Netherlands. RP Shapeero, LG (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Radiol, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 52 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-921X J9 CLIN ORTHOP RELAT R JI Clin. Orthop. Rel. Res. PD APR PY 2002 IS 397 BP 212 EP 227 PG 16 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA 545KT UT WOS:000175216900026 PM 11953613 ER PT J AU Korris, J Macedonia, M AF Korris, J Macedonia, M TI The end of celluloid: Digital cinema emerges SO COMPUTER LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ So Calif, Inst Creat Technol, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. USA, Stircom, Orlando, FL USA. RP Korris, J (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Inst Creat Technol, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0018-9162 J9 COMPUTER JI Computer PD APR PY 2002 VL 35 IS 4 BP 96 EP 98 DI 10.1109/MC.2002.993781 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 536FV UT WOS:000174690800024 ER PT J AU Lavery, JE AF Lavery, JE TI Shape-preserving, multiscale interpolation by univariate curvature-based cubic L-1 splines in Cartesian and polar coordinates SO COMPUTER AIDED GEOMETRIC DESIGN LA English DT Article DE Cartesian coordinates; cubic spline; curvature; interpolation; L-1 spline; L-2 spline; multiscale; polar coordinates; shape preservation; univariate AB We investigate C-1-smooth univariate curvature-based cubic L-1 interpolating splines in Cartesian and polar coordinates. The coefficients of these splines are calculated by minimizing the L-1 norm of curvature. We compare these curvature-based cubic L-1 splines with second-derivative-based cubic L-1 splines and with cubic L-2 splines based on the L-2 norm of curvature and of the second derivative. In computational experiments in Cartesian coordinates, cubic L-1 splines based on curvature preserve the shape of multiscale data well, as do cubic L-1 splines based on the second derivative. Cartesian-coordinate cubic L-1 splines preserve shape much better than analogous Cartesian-coordinate cubic L-2 splines. In computational experiments in polar coordinates, cubic L-1 splines based on curvature preserve the shape of multi scale data better than cubic L-1 splines based on the second derivative and much better than analogous cubic L-2 splines. Extensions to splines in general curvilinear coordinate systems, to bivariate splines in spherical coordinate systems and to nonpolynomial splines are outlined. C1 USA, Res Off, Div Math, Army Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Lavery, JE (reprint author), USA, Res Off, Div Math, Army Res Lab, POB 12211, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8396 J9 COMPUT AIDED GEOM D JI Comput. Aided Geom. Des. PD APR PY 2002 VL 19 IS 4 BP 257 EP 273 AR PII S0167-8396(02)00087-0 DI 10.1016/S0167-8396(02)00087-0 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 561LH UT WOS:000176141800003 ER PT J AU Meese, MJ AF Meese, MJ TI The army officer corps in the all-volunteer force SO CONTEMPORARY ECONOMIC POLICY LA English DT Article AB The remarkable success of the all-volunteer force (AVF) in the past 30 years belies the controversial decision to implement such a force, which was the result of effective economic arguments and propitious political factors. In spite of significant work by the Gates Commission, the success of the AVF was not preordained, but was significantly influenced by ways in which the army adapted since 1973 to make the most effective use of volunteer soldiers. This adaptation included careful evaluation of standards, pay, education, training, non-monetary compensation, quality of life, and promotion of diversity. Each of these factors had to be carefully managed to enhance the effectiveness of the military labor force. Military personnel policies have a long-term impact not only on the military but also on society as a whole. C1 US Mil Acad, Econ Program, W Point, NY 10996 USA. US Mil Acad, Dept Social Sci, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Meese, MJ (reprint author), US Mil Acad, Econ Program, 225-A Barnard Loop, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU WESTERN ECONOMIC ASSOC INT PI HUNTINGTON BEACH PA 7400 CENTER AVE SUITE 109, HUNTINGTON BEACH, CA 92647-3039 USA SN 1074-3529 J9 CONTEMP ECON POLICY JI Contemp. Econ. Policy PD APR PY 2002 VL 20 IS 2 BP 101 EP 110 DI 10.1093/cep/20.2.101 PG 10 WC Economics; Public Administration SC Business & Economics; Public Administration GA 537XQ UT WOS:000174785300002 ER PT J AU Peduzzi, P Guarino, P Donta, ST Engel, CC Clauw, DJ Feussner, JR AF Peduzzi, P Guarino, P Donta, ST Engel, CC Clauw, DJ Feussner, JR TI Making informed consent meaningful: from theory to practice SO CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIALS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Dept Vet Affairas Cooperat Studies Program, Coordinating Ctr, West Haven, CT USA. VAMC, Boston, MA USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Washington, DC USA. Dept Vet Affairs, Res & Dev Off, Washington, DC USA. RP Peduzzi, P (reprint author), VA Med Ctr, Cooperat Studies Program, Bldg 35 950 Campbell Ave, West Haven, CT 06516 USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0197-2456 J9 CONTROL CLIN TRIALS JI Controlled Clin. Trials PD APR PY 2002 VL 23 IS 2 BP 178 EP 181 AR PII S0197-2456(02)00189-7 DI 10.1016/S0197-2456(02)00189-7 PG 4 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 539EU UT WOS:000174858200007 ER PT J AU Peduzzi, P Guarino, P Donta, ST Engel, CC Clauw, DJ Feussner, JR AF Peduzzi, P Guarino, P Donta, ST Engel, CC Clauw, DJ Feussner, JR TI Research on informed consent: investigator-developed versus focus group-developed consent documents, a VA cooperative study SO CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIALS LA English DT Article DE informed consent; focus groups; randomized clinical trials ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; CHRONIC-FATIGUE-SYNDROME; COGNITIVE-BEHAVIOR THERAPY AB In the Department of Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study (VACSP) #470, A Randomized, Multicenter, Controlled Trial of Multi-Modal Therapy in Veterans with Gulf War Illnesses, a substudy was designed with the primary objective of comparing the utility of an informed consent document developed by a focus group of Gulf War veterans (focus group-developed) to an informed consent document developed by the standard process involving the study investigators (investigator-developed). In December 1998 a focus group of five Gulf War veterans convened at the coordinating center and developed a consent document during three sessions. The focus group used the investigator-developed consent document as a "starting point" and then modified it by consensus agreement. They also reviewed and modified the substudy's assessment questionnaire. Utility will be evaluated in 1092 veterans participating in the parent study, VACSP #470, by directly comparing selected patient-centered outcomes between those receiving the focus group-developed consent document versus those receiving the investigator-developed document. The primary outcomes to be evaluated over a 1-year follow-up period include measures of the informed consent process, such as patient recall, expectations about risks and benefits of participation, and understanding about the voluntariness of consent. Secondary outcomes will assess the impact of the substudy on the parent study with respect to recruitment and adherence. VACSP #470 was initiated in May 1999 in 20 sites that were randomly allocated to use either the focus group-developed or investigator-developed consent document. Sites are unaware of the type of consent document assigned. This article focuses on the rationale and design of the informed consent substudy and also discusses potential ethical issues. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Dept Vet Affairs, Cooperat Studies Program, Coodinat Ctr, VACT Healthcare Syst, West Haven, CT 06516 USA. VAMC, Boston, MA USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD USA. Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Washington, DC USA. Res & Dev Off, Dept Vet Affairs, Washington, DC USA. RP Peduzzi, P (reprint author), Dept Vet Affairs, Cooperat Studies Program, Coodinat Ctr, VACT Healthcare Syst, Bldg 35,950 Campbell Ave, West Haven, CT 06516 USA. NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0197-2456 J9 CONTROL CLIN TRIALS JI Controlled Clin. Trials PD APR PY 2002 VL 23 IS 2 BP 184 EP 197 AR PII S0197-2456(01)00167-2 DI 10.1016/S0197-2456(01)00167-2 PG 14 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 539EU UT WOS:000174858200010 PM 11943447 ER PT J AU Kathleen, KB George, RM AF Kathleen, KB George, RM TI Congenital triangular alopecia: A case report and review SO CUTIS LA English DT Review AB Congenital triangular alopecia is a nonscarring loss of hair mass on the scalp's temporal regions. The area of hair diminution commonly is described as triangular or lancet shaped. Although previously considered congenital, this condition usually is noticed after 2 years of age and, more recently, is thought to be acquired, We propose that this entity be renamed triangular alopecia. Because this condition involves normal rather than inflamed skin, it does not respond to topical or intralesional steroids. It is important to make the correct diagnosis to avoid unnecessary and potentially harmful interventions. We present the case of a 10-year-old boy with triangular alopecia. C1 Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Kathleen, KB (reprint author), 107 Rimdale, Universal City, TX 78148 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU QUADRANT HEALTHCOM INC PI CHATHAM PA 26 MAIN ST, STE A, CHATHAM, NJ 07928-2402 USA SN 0011-4162 J9 CUTIS JI Cutis PD APR PY 2002 VL 69 IS 4 BP 255 EP 256 PG 2 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 544ZC UT WOS:000175190900002 ER PT J AU Elston, DM AF Elston, DM TI What's eating you? Latrodectus mactans (the black widow spider) SO CUTIS LA English DT Article ID ANTIVENIN; BITES C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, MCHE DD, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Elston, DM (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, MCHE DD, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU QUADRANT HEALTHCOM INC PI CHATHAM PA 26 MAIN ST, STE A, CHATHAM, NJ 07928-2402 USA SN 0011-4162 J9 CUTIS JI Cutis PD APR PY 2002 VL 69 IS 4 BP 257 EP 258 PG 2 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 544ZC UT WOS:000175190900003 PM 12080942 ER PT J AU Smith, SB Meffert, JJ AF Smith, SB Meffert, JJ TI Lichen sclerosus: An atypical presentation SO CUTIS LA English DT Article ID ET-ATROPHICUS AB We describe the case of a 66-year-old Hispanic man with an atypical presentation of lichen sclerosus (LS), The unusual presentation included bilateral axilla involvement (not previously reported to our knowledge), scrotal involvement (not common in men, despite common vulvar involvement in women), and an uncommonly thick plaque on his back. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium Program, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Wilford Hall USAF Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78236 USA. RP Smith, SB (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Uniformed Serv Hlth Educ Consortium Program, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU QUADRANT HEALTHCOM INC PI CHATHAM PA 26 MAIN ST, STE A, CHATHAM, NJ 07928-2402 USA SN 0011-4162 J9 CUTIS JI Cutis PD APR PY 2002 VL 69 IS 4 BP 285 EP 287 PG 3 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 544ZC UT WOS:000175190900009 PM 12080948 ER PT J AU Houng, HSH Liang, S Chen, CMR Keith, J Echavarria, M Sanchez, JL Kolavic, SA Vaughn, DW Binn, LN AF Houng, HSH Liang, S Chen, CMR Keith, J Echavarria, M Sanchez, JL Kolavic, SA Vaughn, DW Binn, LN TI Rapid type-specific diagnosis of adenovirus type 4 infection using a hexon-based quantitative fluorogenic PCR SO DIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE LA English DT Article DE adenovirus; hexon gene; fluorogenic PCR; type-specific diagnosis ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; ACUTE RESPIRATORY-DISEASE; IDENTIFICATION; ASSAY AB A hexon-based fluorogenic polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay utilizing the 5'-nuclease activity of DNA Taqpolymerase was developed as a rapid and type-specific diagnostic system for adenovirus type 4 (Ad4) detection and quantification. The assay consists of a pair of flanking primers and an internal fluorescence labeled probe that allows real time amplification to quantify the Ad4 virus. One out of 12 flanking primer pairs evaluated (combinations of three forward primers and four reverse primers) was found to be optimal for Ad4 virus detection that yielded back-ground-free operation, i.e., no fluorescent signal generated by non-template controls. The assay was employed to detect Ad4 reference virus strain RI-67, Wyeth Ad4 vaccine strain and 71 different clinical Ad4 isolates from US military recruits used in this study with consistent sensitivity (lower detection limit) of 2-4 pfu per PCR reaction. The assay showed linear Ad4 detection with a dynamic range of greater than five logs (from 2-4 pfu/assay to greater than 105 pfu/assay). This Ad4-specific assay did not crossreact with representative members of Ad subgroups A, B, C, D and F at viral concentrations greater than 10(8) pfu/ml. It was also demonstrated that Ad4 viruses could be efficiently detected from throat swabs (71/72 specimens or 98.6% detection sensitivity) of infected patients by the Ad4-specific PCR. In general, there was a good correlation between PCR determined viral titers in throat swabs and time required to detect viral cytopathic effects (CPE) in cell culture. Evaluation of the simple Ad4 specific assay developed in this study could he used to provide a rapid clinically relevant diagnosis of Ad4 infections in patients with acute respiratory disease (ARD). (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Virus Dis, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr, US Med Corp, Detachment Unit 3800, Lima, OH USA. Tana Na Chiefs Conference Dent Clin, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. RP Houng, HSH (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Virus Dis, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 35 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0732-8893 J9 DIAGN MICR INFEC DIS JI Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. PD APR PY 2002 VL 42 IS 4 BP 227 EP 236 AR PII S0732-8893(02)00356-5 DI 10.1016/S0732-8893(02)00356-5 PG 10 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 551UM UT WOS:000175580300002 PM 12007439 ER PT J AU Medina, VF Larson, SL McCutcheon, SC AF Medina, VF Larson, SL McCutcheon, SC TI Evaluation of continuous flow-through phytoreactors for the treatment of TNT-contaminated water SO ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRESS LA English DT Article ID PLANT; 2,4,6-TRINITROTOLUENE; TRANSFORMATION; OPTIMIZATION; SOILS AB The proof of concept for created wetlands to treat groundwater or industrial water contaminated with trinitrotoluene (TNT) was established using bench-scale, continuous flow reactors with aquatic plants. Contaminant loadings from 0.0132 to 2.488 g/m(3)/day were tested on phytoreactors using parrotfeather (Myriophyllum aquaticum) as the plant. Reactor removal efficiency and elimination capacity were linearly related to the load of TNT. An algal reactor was also tested at a loading of 0.9671 g/m(3)/day and removed 93 66 of the TNT. Some removal was also found in control reactors that contained no plants and minimized algal growth by shielding them from light. However, the removal efficiencies in the controls were much lower. Transformation products, aminodinitrotoluenes (ADNT) and diaminonitrotoluenes (DANT), were detected in the algae and phytoreactors, but not in the controls, indicating that the TNT was being transformed, However ADNT persisted in the effluent, representing a reactor-design issue that must be further investigated. ADNT concentrations in the plant material increased with contaminant loading. TNT was only found in plant tissue at the highest loading of 2.488 g/m(3)/day. Higher concentrations of ADNT were found in the root of the plant, with approximately equal concentrations in the stein and leaf portions. Ratios of 4-aminodinitrotoluene (4ADNT) versus 2-aminodinitrotoluene (2ADNT) were higher in the water phase versus what was found in plant material. Because microbial processes tend to favor the formation of 4ADNT, the higher ratio suggests that the removal of TNT is actually a combination of microbial and phyto processes. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Richland, WA 99352 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Medina, VF (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 2710 Univ Dr, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0278-4491 J9 ENVIRON PROG JI Environ. Prog. PD APR PY 2002 VL 21 IS 1 BP 29 EP 36 DI 10.1002/ep.670210110 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 540LW UT WOS:000174931300006 ER PT J AU McAnally, WH Mehta, AJ AF McAnally, WH Mehta, AJ TI Significance of aggregation of fine sediment particles in their deposition SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Atchafalaya Bay; cohesive sediment; estuaries; flocs; San Francisco Bay; sediment transport ID SUSPENDED PARTICLES AB The significance of aggregation processes, by which the properties of suspended fine sediment particles or flocs change during transport, is examined for the simple case of deposition of estuarine sediments in a flume. A multi-class model for aggregation processes is combined with a one-dimensional, unsteady, multi-class sediment transport model to calculate the deposition rate for two flume experiments-one with no recirculation of a medium-cohesion sediment, and the other in which a high-cohesion sediment was recirculated by pumping. The results show that while aggregation processes had a moderate effect on the rate of deposition of medium-cohesion sediment, they dominated high-cohesion sediment deposition. The results also suggest that multi-class fine sediment aggregation-plus-deposition calculations will produce more realistic results than single-class calculations in estuaries where sediment exhibits a high degree of cohesion and variability in flow-induced shearing. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Civil & Coastal Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP McAnally, WH (reprint author), USA, Waterways Expt Stn, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 17 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD APR PY 2002 VL 54 IS 4 BP 643 EP 653 DI 10.1006/ecss.2001.0847 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 575LL UT WOS:000176947700001 ER PT J AU Aliabadi, S Johnson, A Zellars, B Abatan, A Berger, C AF Aliabadi, S Johnson, A Zellars, B Abatan, A Berger, C TI Parallel simulation of flows in open channels SO FUTURE GENERATION COMPUTER SYSTEMS-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GRID COMPUTING AND ESCIENCE LA English DT Article DE natural convection; parallel simulation; computational fluid dynamics ID FINITE-ELEMENT COMPUTATION; MOVING BOUNDARIES; INTERFACES; STRATEGIES; ALGORITHM; DYNAMICS AB In this project, we apply our advanced free-surface flow solver to simulate flow in open channels at supercritical conditions. The finite element method is used to discretize the governing equations over fixed meshes. The finite element formulations have been implemented in parallel using message passing interface (MPI) libraries. Linear speed up performance is achieved. The computations are carried out for a case study involving flow in contraction channel at supercritical condition. The numerical results compare very well with experimental data. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Clark Atlanta Univ, Dept Engn, CAML, Atlanta, GA 30314 USA. USA, HPC Res Ctr, Network Comp Serv Inc, Minneapolis, MN 55415 USA. CHL, Erdc, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Aliabadi, S (reprint author), Clark Atlanta Univ, Dept Engn, CAML, 223 James P Brawley Dr SW, Atlanta, GA 30314 USA. EM aliabadi@cau.edu; ajohn@networkcs.com; berger@h1.wes.army.mil NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-739X J9 FUTURE GENER COMP SY JI Futur. Gener. Comp. Syst. PD APR PY 2002 VL 18 IS 5 BP 627 EP 637 AR PII S0167-739X(01)00062-0 DI 10.1016/S0167-739X(01)00062-0 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 548XW UT WOS:000175416000004 ER PT J AU Seaman, RL AF Seaman, RL TI Non-osseous sound transmission to the inner ear SO HEARING RESEARCH LA English DT Letter ID BONE-CONDUCTION EXPERIMENTS C1 McKesson HBOC Clin Serv & Biol Serv, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. USA, Med Res Detachment, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Seaman, RL (reprint author), McKesson HBOC Clin Serv & Biol Serv, 8308 Hawks Rd,Bldg 1168, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-5955 J9 HEARING RES JI Hear. Res. PD APR PY 2002 VL 166 IS 1-2 BP 214 EP 215 AR PII S0378-5955(02)00282-4 DI 10.1016/S0378-5955(02)00282-4 PG 2 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Neurosciences; Otorhinolaryngology SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Otorhinolaryngology GA 567HQ UT WOS:000176479700021 PM 12062773 ER PT J AU Driscoll, SBK Wickwire, WT Cura, JJ Vorhees, DJ Butler, CL Moore, DW Bridges, TS AF Driscoll, SBK Wickwire, WT Cura, JJ Vorhees, DJ Butler, CL Moore, DW Bridges, TS TI A comparative screening-level ecological and human health risk assessment for dredged material management alternatives in New York/New Jersey Harbor SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE environmental assessment; sediment contamination; comparative risk AB Managers of New York and New Jersey Harbor dredging projects are developing strategies to dispose and manage the large volumes of sediment that must be dredged to maintain passable waterways. The various management alternatives include aquatic containment facilities, upland containment, and treatment with beneficial reuse. An important consideration in the selection of an appropriate alternative is the evaluation of potential risks to ecological and human receptors. This study presents a framework for a screening-level ecological and human health risk assessment that compares risks associated with management alternatives for contaminated dredged materials. The major objectives of the work were to identify exposure routes that show the potential for risk and develop a framework that can be used to compare relative potential risks among eight management alternatives. Managers can use this framework to: . identify, characteristics of the placement/treatment alternatives that contribute to potential risk, . Choose one alternative over another for sediments with high concentrations of contaminants, . implement controls that mitigate risk, or . identify, the need for a more comprehensive site-specific risk assessment. C1 Menzie Cura & Associates Inc, Chelmsford, MA 01824 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Driscoll, SBK (reprint author), Menzie Cura & Associates Inc, 1 Courthouse Lane,Suite 2, Chelmsford, MA 01824 USA. NR 33 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 9 PU CRC PRESS LLC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA SN 1080-7039 J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. PD APR PY 2002 VL 8 IS 3 BP 603 EP 626 DI 10.1080/20028091057105 PG 24 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 549VM UT WOS:000175467500010 ER PT J AU Moncur, JT Lacy, BE Longnecker, DS AF Moncur, JT Lacy, BE Longnecker, DS TI Mixed acinar-endocrine carcinoma arising in the ampulla of Vater SO HUMAN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE acinar cell carcinoma; mixed acinar-endocrine carcinoma; pancreatic neoplasm; duodenum; pancreatic heterotopia AB We present a case of mixed acinar-endocrine carcinoma arising in the periampullary region of the duodenum. The patient was a 78-year-old male with a periampullary mass diagnosed during upper endoscopy. On gross dissection, the mass was 2.3 cm, in diameter, noncystic, and confined to the duodenal submucosa. Microscopically, the tumor formed nests that were positive for amylase, trypsin (weakly), and synaptophysin (diffusely). Ultrastructurally, the tumor had 2 populations of granules with mean diameters of 175 nm and 540 mn, consistent with endocrine and zymogen granules, respectively. These studies were consistent with a mixed acinar-endocrine carcinoma that arose in the duodenum. A review of the literature revealed 1 report of an acinar cell carcinoma arising in jejunal pancreatic heterotopia. The present article is the first reported case of an acinar cell carcinoma arising in the periampullary region of the duodenum, possibly in a focus of pancreatic heterotopia. Hum PATHOL 33:449-451. Copyright 2002, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Johns Hopkins Bayview Med Ctr, Dept Digest Dis, Baltimore, MD USA. Dartmouth Hitchcock Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lebanon, NH 03766 USA. RP Moncur, JT (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, 6900 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 4 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0046-8177 J9 HUM PATHOL JI Hum. Pathol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 33 IS 4 BP 449 EP 451 DI 10.1053/hupa.2002.124040 PG 3 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 562RM UT WOS:000176212800013 PM 12055683 ER PT J AU Tipton, CW Bayne, SB Griffin, TE Scozzie, CJ Geil, B Agarwal, AK Richmond, J AF Tipton, CW Bayne, SB Griffin, TE Scozzie, CJ Geil, B Agarwal, AK Richmond, J TI Half-bridge inverter using 4H-SiC gate turn-off thyristors SO IEEE ELECTRON DEVICE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE gate turn-off thyristor; half-bridge inverter; power circuits; silicon carbide; thyristor circuits AB This paper reports on the first demonstration of a half-bridge power inverter constructed from silicon carbide gate turn-off thyristors (GTOs) operated in the conventional GTO mode. This circuit was characterized with input bus voltages of up to 600 VDC and 2 A (peak current density of 540 A/cm(2)) with resistive loads using a pulse-width modulated switching frequency of 2 kHz. We discuss the implications of the thyristor's electrical characteristics and the circuit topology on the overall operation of the half-bridge circuit. This work has determined the conservative critical rate of rise value of the off-state voltage to be 200 V/mus in these devices. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Cree Inc, Durham, NC 27703 USA. RP Tipton, CW (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0741-3106 J9 IEEE ELECTR DEVICE L JI IEEE Electron Device Lett. PD APR PY 2002 VL 23 IS 4 BP 194 EP 196 AR PII S 0741-3106(02)03210-X DI 10.1109/55.992836 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 535VV UT WOS:000174667800010 ER PT J AU Zhou, SL Giannakis, GB Swami, A AF Zhou, SL Giannakis, GB Swami, A TI Digital multi-carrier spread spectrum versus direct sequence spread spectrum for resistance to jamming and multipath SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP) CY MAY 07-11, 2001 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP IEEE Signal Processing Soc DE direct-sequence; frequency-selective fading; multi-carrier; multipath; narrowband interference; periodic autocorrelation function; spread spectrum ID CDMA OVERLAY; DS-CDMA; PERFORMANCE; SYSTEM; COMMUNICATION AB We compare single user digital multi-carrier spread spectrum (MC-SS) modulation with direct sequence (DS) SS (with a modified implementation) in the presence of narrowband interference (NBI) and multipath fading. We derive closed-form expressions for the symbol error probability for both the linear MMSE receiver as well as the conventional matched-filter receiver under different scenarios: additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel with NBI, multipath channel with or without NBI. We show that DS-SS can achieve the same performance as MC-SS if the spreading code is carefully designed to have perfect periodic autocorrelation function (PACF). On the other hand, MC-SS is more robust to narrowband interference and multipath fading than is DS-SS with the widely used spreading codes that do not possess perfect PACE Our analysis reveals that the performance improvement of MC-SS is precisely due to the implicit construction of an equivalent spreading code having nonconstant amplitude but possessing perfect periodic autocorrelation. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. USA, Res Lab, AMSRL CI CN, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Zhou, SL (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. NR 29 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0090-6778 J9 IEEE T COMMUN JI IEEE Trans. Commun. PD APR PY 2002 VL 50 IS 4 BP 643 EP 655 AR PII S0090-6778(02)03508-0 DI 10.1109/26.996079 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 542LE UT WOS:000175044700019 ER PT J AU Ao, CO Braunisch, H O'Neill, K Kong, JA AF Ao, CO Braunisch, H O'Neill, K Kong, JA TI Quasi-magneto static solution for a conducting and permeable spheroid with arbitrary excitation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE electromagnetic induction; prolate spheroid; quasi-magnetostatics; spheroidal wavefunction; unexploded ordnance ID SCATTERING AB Broad-band electromagnetic induction (EMI) methods are promising in the detection and discrimination of subsurface metallic targets. In this paper, the quasi-magneto-static solution for a conducting and permeable prolate spheroid under arbitrary excitation by a time-harmonic primary field is obtained by using the separation of variables method with vector spheroidal wave functions. Numerical results for the induced dipole moments are presented for uniform axial and transverse excitations, where the primary field is oriented along the major and minor axis of the prolate spheroid, respectively. We show that the EMI frequency responses are sensitive to the orientation and permeability of the spheroid. An approximation is also developed that aims to extend the exact solution to higher frequencies by assuming slight penetration of the primary field into the spheroid. Under this approximation, a system of equations that refers only to the external field expansions is derived. It is shown that, for spheroids with high relative permeability, this approximation is in fact capable of yielding an accurate broad-band response even for highly elongated spheroids. C1 MIT, Elect Res Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. MIT, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Ao, CO (reprint author), Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 15 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD APR PY 2002 VL 40 IS 4 BP 887 EP 897 AR PII S0196-2892(02)04590-4 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2002.1006370 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 559DB UT WOS:000176008900015 ER PT J AU Sun, K O'Neill, K Shubitidze, F Haider, SA Paulsen, KD AF Sun, K O'Neill, K Shubitidze, F Haider, SA Paulsen, KD TI Simulation of electromagnetic induction scattering from targets with negligible to moderate, penetration by primary fields SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE electromagnetic induction (EMI); Impedance Boundary Conditions; metal; think skin depth; remote sensing; UXO ID CLASSIFICATION AB The problem of numerical modeling of electromagnetic induction (EMI) responses by metallic objects is complicated by the fact that transmitted fields may penetrate the target, but will often only do so slightly. The effect cannot be ignored, yet it is often grossly impractical to discretize the entire surface or volume of a target in space increments only on the order of a fraction of the skin depth. To deal with this problem, we retain a simple integral equation formulation in scalar potential for the region outside the target, where magnetic fields are quasi-static and irrotational. Within the target we apply only the divergence relation, del.H = 0. When the skin depth is small relative to the radius of curvature of the target (e.g., <0.1), we use the thin skin depth approximation (TSA), partial derivativeH(n)/partial derivativen as similar toikH(n), just inside the target's surface, where k is the electromagnetic wavenumber inside the metal and n is the normal direction on the surface and pointing inside of metallic object. Examination of analytical solutions for the sphere suggests the parameter range in which this approximation might perform well and suggests ways of improving accuracy over an extended range. The fundamental TSA formulation appears to be relatively robust. Analysis indicates that it is insensitive to variation over the target's surface of primary field orientation relative to that surface, and that it is only dependent on the target's magnetic permeability through induction number. Implementing the TSA numerically, within the above divergence relation, allows us to express all quantities in terms of tangential magnetic field components and their tangential derivatives over the target surface. In principle, this closes the system completely in terms of the exterior scalar potential. Broad-band numerical simulations based on the TSA compare favorably with analytical and other numerical solutions. Test cases involving negligible skin depth show some fundamental induction scattering sensitivities, or lack thereof, for spheroidal and ellipsoidal target geometries and deformations of them. Tests are also performed for prolate spheroidal targets, over a wide range of magnetic permeabilities, for frequencies spanning the orders of magnitude characteristic of current broad-band EMI measurement systems. C1 Dartmouth Coll, Thayer Sch Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Erdc, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Sun, K (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Thayer Sch Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 34 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD APR PY 2002 VL 40 IS 4 BP 910 EP 927 AR PII S0196-2892(02)04619-3 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2002.1006372 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 559DB UT WOS:000176008900017 ER PT J AU Shubitidze, F O'Neill, K Haider, SA Sun, K Paulsen, KD AF Shubitidze, F O'Neill, K Haider, SA Sun, K Paulsen, KD TI Application of the method of auxiliary sources to the wide-band electromagnetic induction problem SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE electromagnetic induction; metal; method of auxiliary sources (MAS); permeable; unexploded ordnance (UXO) ID SCATTERING; REVOLUTION; TARGETS; BODIES AB The Method of Auxiliary Sources (MAS) is formulated and applied to solution of wide-band electromagnetic induction problems involving highly conducting and possibly permeable metallic objects. Improved remote sensing discrimination of buried unexploded ordnance (UXO) motivates the study. The method uses elementary auxiliary magnetic charges and magnetic current elements to produce the unknown field. Auxiliary sources are located on virtual surfaces that usually conform to but do not coincide with the real surface of the object. Once the source coefficients are determined, the secondary field can easily be found. The method involves no confrontations with source or Green's function singularities. It is capable of treating penetrable as well as nonpenetrable objects. Because the solution is composed of fields that automatically satisfy the governing equations, by construction, all approximation resides only in the enforcement of boundary conditions at matching (collocation) points. Accuracy in satisfying the boundary conditions can be evaluated explicitly using noncollocation points over the surface. This in turn allows one to identify problem areas on the surface and make intelligent adjustments of the source distributions, to improve solutions at minimal cost. A general 3-D formulation is presented, and a version specialized to treat bodies of revolution is applied in the specific test cases discussed. Good performance of the method is observed, based on a modest number of degrees of freedom. Results are given and compare very well with available analytical and experimental data. Finally, we illustrate the utility of the method for investigating shape and orientation sensitivities for fundamental geometries as well as such targets as UXO. C1 Dartmouth Coll, Thayer Sch Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Erdc, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Shubitidze, F (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Thayer Sch Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 24 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD APR PY 2002 VL 40 IS 4 BP 928 EP 942 AR PII S0196-2892(02)04620-X DI 10.1109/TGRS.2002.1006378 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 559DB UT WOS:000176008900018 ER PT J AU Liu, XQ Sidiropoulos, ND Swami, A AF Liu, XQ Sidiropoulos, ND Swami, A TI Blind high-resolution localization and tracking of multiple frequency hopped signals SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE array signal processing; direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation; frequency estimation; frequency hopping; harmonic analysis ID ARRAYS; UNIQUENESS AB This paper considers the problem of blind localization and tracking of multiple frequency-hopped spread-spectrum signals using a uniform linear antenna array without knowledge of hopping patterns or directions of arrival. As a preprocessing step, we propose to identify a hop-free subset of data by discarding high-entropy spectral slices from the spectrogram. High-resolution localization is then achieved via either quadrilinear regression of four-way data generated by capitalizing on both spatial and temporal shift invariance or a new maximum likelihood (ML)-based two-dimensional (2-D) harmonic retrieval algorithm. The latter option achieves the best-known model identifiability bound while remaining close to the Cramer-Rao bound even at low signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). Following beamforming using the recovered directions, a dynamic programming approach is developed for joint ML estimation of signal frequencies and hop instants in single-user tracking. The efficacy of the proposed algorithms is illustrated in pertinent simulations. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Liu, XQ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. NR 26 TC 44 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1053-587X J9 IEEE T SIGNAL PROCES JI IEEE Trans. Signal Process. PD APR PY 2002 VL 50 IS 4 BP 889 EP 901 AR PII S1053-587X(02)02382-6 DI 10.1109/78.992136 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 532UA UT WOS:000174492400012 ER PT J AU Del Valle, PL Trifillis, A Ruegg, CE Kane, AS AF Del Valle, PL Trifillis, A Ruegg, CE Kane, AS TI Characterization of glucose transport by cultured rabbit kidney proximal convoluted and proximal straight tubule cells SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Article DE renal cultured cells; phlorizin inhibition; kinetics; serum-free media ID AFFINITY NA+/GLUCOSE COTRANSPORTER; MEMBRANE-VESICLES; SUGAR-TRANSPORT; RAT-KIDNEY; PIG-KIDNEY; MERCURIC-CHLORIDE; INVITRO MODEL; EXPRESSION; NEPHROTOXICITY; HETEROGENEITY AB Rabbit kidney proximal convoluted tubule (RPCT) and proximal straight tubule (RPST) cells were indepondently isolated and cultured. The kinetics of the sodium-dependent glucose transport was characterized by determining the uptake of the glucose analog alpha-methlglucopyranoside. Cell culture and assay conditions used in these experiments Were based oil previous experiments conducted oil the renal cell line derived from the whole kidney of the Yorkshire pig (LLC-PK1). Results indicated the presence of two distinct sodium-dependent glucose transporters in rabbit renal cells: a relatively high-capacity, low-affinity transporter (V-max = 2.28 +/- 0.099 nmoles/mg protein min, K-m = 4.1 +/- 0.27 mM) in RPCT cells and a low-capacity, high-affinity transporter (V-max = 0.45 +/- 0.076 nmoles/mg protein min, K-m = 1.7 +/- 0.43 mM) in RPST cells. A relatively high-capacity, low-affinity transporter (V-max = 1.68 +/- 0.215 nmoles/mg protein min, K-m = 4.9 +/- 0.23 mM) was characterized in LLC-PK1 cells. Phlorizin inhibited the uptake of alpha-methyglucopyranoside in proximal convoluted, proximal straight, and LLC-PK1 cells by 90, 50, and 90%, respectively. Sodium-dependent glucose transport in all three cell types was specific for hexoses. These data are consistent with the kinetic heterogeneity of sodium-dependent glucose transport in the S1-S2 and S3 segment., of the mammalian renal proximal tubule. The RPCT-RPST cultured cell model is novel, and this is the first report of sodium-dependent glucose transport characterization in primary cultures of proximal straight tubule cells. Our results support the use of cultured monolayers of RPCT and RPST cells as a model system to evaluate segment-specific differences in these renal cell IN. Pes. C1 Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Lilly Res Labs, Greenfield, IN 46140 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Vet Med, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Del Valle, PL (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Dept Pharmacol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 56 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC IN VITRO BIOLOGY PI LARGO PA 9315 LARGO DR WEST, STE 25, LARGO, MD 20774 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD APR PY 2002 VL 38 IS 4 BP 218 EP 227 PG 10 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 588QG UT WOS:000177711700009 ER PT J AU Guerena-Burgueno, F Hall, ER Taylor, DN Cassels, FJ Scott, DA Wolf, MK Roberts, ZJ Nesterova, GV Alving, CR Glenn, GM AF Guerena-Burgueno, F Hall, ER Taylor, DN Cassels, FJ Scott, DA Wolf, MK Roberts, ZJ Nesterova, GV Alving, CR Glenn, GM TI Safety and immunogenicity of a prototype enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli vaccine administered transcutaneously SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID B-SUBUNIT VACCINE; COLONIZATION FACTOR ANTIGENS; ADP-RIBOSYLATING EXOTOXINS; ANTIBODY-SECRETING CELLS; TRAVELERS DIARRHEA; CHOLERA-TOXIN; MILK IMMUNOGLOBULIN; ORAL IMMUNIZATION; FIELD TRIAL; RESPONSES AB Transcutaneous immunization (TCI) is a new method for vaccine delivery that has been shown to induce immunity relevant to enteric disease vaccines. We evaluated the clinical safety and immunogenicity of a recombinant subunit vaccine against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) delivered by TCI. Adult volunteers received patches containing the recombinant ETEC colonization factor CS6, either with heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) or patches containing CS6 alone. The vaccine was administered at 0, 1, and 3 months, and serum antibodies and antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) were assessed. Among the 26 volunteers that completed the trial, there were no responses to CS6 in the absence of LT. In the groups receiving both CS6 and LT, 68 and 53% were found to have serum anti-CS6 immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA, respectively; 37 and 42% had IgG and IgA anti-CS6 ASCs. All of the volunteers receiving LT had anti-LT IgG, and 90% had serum anti-LT IgA; 79 and 37% had anti-LT IgG and IgA ASCs. Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH), suggesting T-cell responses, was seen in 14 of 19 volunteers receiving LT and CS6; no DTH was seen in subjects receiving CS6 alone. This study demonstrated that protein antigens delivered by a simple patch could induce significant systemic immune responses but only in the presence of an adjuvant such as LT. The data suggest that an ETEC vaccine for travelers delivered by a patch may be a viable approach worthy of further evaluation. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Communicable Dis & Immunol, Dept Enter Infect, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Clin Trials, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Membrane Biochem, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Naval Med Res Ctr, Enter Dis Dept, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. IOMAI Corp, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. RP Guerena-Burgueno, F (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Communicable Dis & Immunol, Dept Enter Infect, 503 Robert Grant Rd, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 58 TC 106 Z9 112 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD APR PY 2002 VL 70 IS 4 BP 1874 EP 1880 DI 10.1128/IAI.70.4.1874-1880.2002 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 534FE UT WOS:000174573200023 PM 11895950 ER PT J AU Cohen, MB Giannella, RA Bean, J Taylor, DN Parker, S Hoeper, A Wowk, S Hawkins, J Kochi, SK Schiff, G Killeen, KP AF Cohen, MB Giannella, RA Bean, J Taylor, DN Parker, S Hoeper, A Wowk, S Hawkins, J Kochi, SK Schiff, G Killeen, KP TI Randomized, controlled human challenge study of the safety, immunogenicity, and protective efficacy of a single dose of Peru-15, a live attenuated oral cholera vaccine SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID VIBRIO-CHOLERAE; CVD 103-HGR; VOLUNTEERS; TRIAL AB Peru-15 is a live attenuated oral vaccine derived from a Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor Inaba strain by a series of deletions and modifications, including deletion of the entire CT genetic element. Peru-15 is also a stable, motility-defective strain and is unable to recombine with homologous DNA. We wished to determine whether a single oral dose of Peru-15 was safe and immunogenic and whether it would provide significant protection against moderate and severe diarrhea in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled human volunteer cholera challenge model. A total of 59 volunteers were randomly allocated to groups to receive either 2 x 10(8) CFU of reconstituted, lyophilized Peru-15 vaccine diluted in CeraVacx buffer or placebo (CeraVacx buffer alone). Approximately 3 months after vaccination, 36 of these volunteers were challenged with approximately 10(5) CFU of virulent V cholerae O1 El Tor Inaba strain N16961, prepared from a standardized frozen inoculum. Among vaccinees, 98% showed at least a fourfold increase in vibriocidal antibody titers. After challenge, 5 (42%) of the 12 placebo recipients and none (0%) of the 24 vaccinees had moderate or severe diarrhea (greater than or equal to3,000 g of diarrheal stool) (P = 0.002; protective efficacy, 100%; lower one-sided 95% confidence limit, 75%). A total of 7 (58%) of the 12 placebo recipients and 1 (4%) of the 24 vaccinees had any diarrhea (P < 0.001; protective efficacy, 93%; lower one-sided 95% confidence limit, 62%). The total number of diarrheal stools, weight of diarrheal stools, incidence of fever, and peak stool V. cholerae excretion among vaccinees were all significantly lower than in placebo recipients. Peru-15 is a well-tolerated and immunogenic oral cholera vaccine that affords protective efficacy against life-threatening cholera diarrhea in a human volunteer challenge model. This vaccine may therefore be a safe and effective tool to prevent cholera in travelers and is a strong candidate for further evaluation to prevent cholera in an area where cholera is endemic. C1 Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Div Pediat Gastroenterol Hepatol & Nutr, MLC 2010, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Ctr Biostat & Epidemiol, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Gamble Program Clin Studies, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH USA. VA Med Ctr, Cincinnati, OH USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. AVANT Immunotherapeut Inc, Needham, MA USA. RP Cohen, MB (reprint author), Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Div Pediat Gastroenterol Hepatol & Nutr, MLC 2010, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. OI Cohen, Mitchell/0000-0002-4412-350X FU NCRR NIH HHS [5M01RR008084, M01 RR008084]; NIAID NIH HHS [N01-AI-45242] NR 17 TC 55 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD APR PY 2002 VL 70 IS 4 BP 1965 EP 1970 DI 10.1128/IAI.70.4.1965-1970.2002 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 534FE UT WOS:000174573200033 PM 11895960 ER PT J AU Kotloff, KL Taylor, DN Sztein, MB Wasserman, SS Losonsky, GA Nataro, JP Venkatesan, M Hartman, A Picking, WD Katz, DE Campbell, JD Levine, MM Hale, TL AF Kotloff, KL Taylor, DN Sztein, MB Wasserman, SS Losonsky, GA Nataro, JP Venkatesan, M Hartman, A Picking, WD Katz, DE Campbell, JD Levine, MM Hale, TL TI Phase I evaluation of Delta virG Shigella sonnei live, attenuated, oral vaccine strain WRSS1 in healthy adults SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID FLEXNERI 2A; HUMANS; IMMUNOGENICITY; CANDIDATE; EFFICACY; INVASION; IDENTIFICATION; CONSTRUCTION; INFECTIONS; VOLUNTEERS AB We conducted a phase I trial with healthy adults to evaluate WRSS1, a live, oral DeltavirG Shigella sonnei vaccine candidate. In a double-blind, randomized, dose-escalating fashion, inpatient volunteers received a single dose of either placebo (n = 7) or vaccine (n = 27) at 3 x 10(3) CFU (group 1), 3 x 10(4) CFU (group 2), 3 x 10(5) CFU (group 3), or 3 x 10(6) CFU (group 4). The vaccine was generally well tolerated, although a low-grade fever or mild diarrhea occurred in six (22%) of the vaccine recipients. WRSS1 was recovered from the stools of 50 to 100% of the vaccinees in each group. The geometric mean peak anti-lipopolysaccharide responses in groups 1 to 4, respectively, were 99, 39, 278, and 233 for immunoglobulin (IgA) antibody-secreting cell counts; 401, 201, 533, and 284 for serum reciprocal IgG titers; and 25, 3, 489, and 1,092 for fecal IgA reciprocal titers. Post-vaccination increases in gamma interferon production in response to Shigella antigens occurred in some volunteers. We conclude that WRSS1 vaccine is remarkably immunogenic in doses ranging from 10(3) to 10(6) CFU but elicits clinical reactions that must be assessed in further volunteer trials. C1 Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Ctr Vaccine Dev, Dept Med,Div Geog Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Div Infect Dis & Trop Pediat, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Enter Infect, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Univ Kansas, Dept Mol Biosci, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. RP Kotloff, KL (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Ctr Vaccine Dev, Dept Med,Div Geog Med, 685 W Baltimore St,HSF 480, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RI kotloff, karen/E-7768-2012 OI kotloff, karen/0000-0003-1808-6431 FU NIAID NIH HHS [N01-AI-45251, R21-AI-42802] NR 26 TC 67 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD APR PY 2002 VL 70 IS 4 BP 2016 EP 2021 DI 10.1128/IAI.70.4.2016-2021.2002 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 534FE UT WOS:000174573200039 PM 11895966 ER PT J AU Shupp, JW Jett, M Pontzer, CH AF Shupp, JW Jett, M Pontzer, CH TI Identification of a transcytosis epitope on staphylococcal enterotoxins SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID TOXIC-SHOCK-SYNDROME; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; T-CELLS; BACTERIAL SUPERANTIGENS; B CHALLENGE; AUREUS; ACTIVATION; MONKEYS; PROLIFERATION; SPECIFICITY AB Staphylococcal enterotoxins (SE) are exoproteins produced by Staphylococcus aureus that act as superantigens and have been implicated as a leading cause of food-borne disease and toxic shock. Little is known about how these molecules penetrate the gut lining and gain access to both local and systemic immune tissues. To model movement in vitro of staphylococcal enterotoxins, we have employed a monolayer system composed of crypt-like human colonic T-84 cells. SEB and SEA showed comparable dose-dependent transcytosis in vitro, while toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST-1) exhibited increased movement at lower doses. Synthetic peptides corresponding to specific regions of the SEB molecule were tested in vitro to identify the domain of the protein involved in the transcytosis of SE. A toxin peptide of particular interest contains the amino acid sequence KKKVTAQELD, which is highly conserved across all SE. At a toxin-to-peptide ratio of 1:10, movement of SEB across the monolayers was reduced by 85%. Antisera made against the SEB peptide recognized native SEB and also inhibited SEB transcytosis. Finally, the conserved 10-amino-acid peptide inhibited transcytosis of multiple staphylococcal enterotoxins, SEA, SEE, and TSST-1. These data demonstrate that this region of the staphylococcal enterotoxins plays a distinct role in toxin movement across epithelial cells. It has implications for the prevention of staphylococcal enterotoxin-mediated disease by design of a peptide vaccine that could reduce systemic exposure to oral or inhaled superantigens. Since the sequence identified is highly conserved, it allows for a single epitope blocking the transcytosis of multiple SE. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Mol Genet & Cell Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Pathol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Pontzer, CH (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mol Genet & Cell Biol, Bldg 231, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 38 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD APR PY 2002 VL 70 IS 4 BP 2178 EP 2186 DI 10.1128/IAI.70.4.2178-2186.2002 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 534FE UT WOS:000174573200058 PM 11895985 ER PT J AU Elbeik, T Alvord, WG Trichavaroj, T de Souza, M Dewar, R Brown, A Chernoff, D Michael, NL Nassos, P Hadley, K Elbeik, T AF Elbeik, T Alvord, WG Trichavaroj, T de Souza, M Dewar, R Brown, A Chernoff, D Michael, NL Nassos, P Hadley, K Elbeik, T TI Comparative analysis of HIV-1 viral load assays on subtype quantification: Bayer Versant HIV-1 RNA 3.0 versus Roche amplicor HIV-1 monitor version 1.5 SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE Amplicor; Branched DNA (bDNA); HIV-1subtypes; viral load ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; NON-B SUBTYPES; GENETIC SUBTYPES; QUANTIPLEX VERSION-3.0; PLASMA; QUANTITATION; PERFORMANCE; DIVERSITY; INFECTION; AFRICA AB Quantification of HIV-1 subtypes is essential for appropriate clinical management. Whereas viral load assays were initially developed to accurately quantify Subtype B, the recent worldwide spread of non-B subtypes, and the introduction of treatment programs in regions with non-B subtypes have prompted adaptations of these assays. The Bayer Versant HIV-1 RNA 3.0 Assay (branched DNA [bDNA] 3.0) and the Roche Amplicor HIV-1 Monitor version 1.5 (Amplicor 1.5) assays are reported to quantify all subtypes in group M however, evaluation of performance characteristics remains limited. In this study, We evaluated the accuracy and reliability of bDNA 3.0 and Amplicor 1.5 on multiple serially diluted viral isolates from HIV-1 group M, subtypes A through F. Testing was conducted on both assay systems in two independent laboratories. Comparative pansubtype quantification from regression analysis showed that quantification by bDNA 3.0 was approximately 0.3 log-fold lower than that by Amplicor 1.5. Comparative pansubtype accuracy analysis showed data points more closely distributed about their respective regression lines and thus showing greater reliability by bDNA 3.0 than by Amplicor 1.5. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Lab Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. San Francisco Gen Hosp, Clin Labs, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA. NCI, Data Management Serv, Frederick Canc Res & Dev Ctr, Frederick, MD USA. USA, Med Component, Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Henry M Jackson Fdn, Bangkok, Thailand. SAIC Frederick Inc, Frederick, MD USA. Elan Pharmaceut, San Francisco, CA USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Retrovirol, Dept Mol Diagnost & Pathogenesis, Rockville, MD USA. RP Elbeik, T (reprint author), San Francisco Gen Hosp, Dept Lab Med, 1001 Potrero Ave,NH,Room 2M35, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA. EM elbeik@itsa.ucsf.edu OI Elbeik, Tarek/0000-0001-5983-0867 NR 52 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. PD APR 1 PY 2002 VL 29 IS 4 BP 330 EP 339 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 535TB UT WOS:000174661500002 PM 11917236 ER PT J AU Majumdar, A Choi, KK Rokhinson, LP Reno, JL Tsui, DC AF Majumdar, A Choi, KK Rokhinson, LP Reno, JL Tsui, DC TI Electron transfer in voltage tunable two-color infrared photodetectors SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM-WELLS; DETECTOR AB Two-color quantum-well infrared photodetectors (QWIPs) that are based on electron transfer between coupled QWs suffer from the presence of the shorter wavelength peak at all bias voltages. We investigate this problem in such detectors with 50 or 200 Angstrom AlGaAs barriers between the QW pair. We deduce the absorption coefficient alpha and photoconductive gain g of the detectors with 50 Angstrom barriers using corrugated QWIPs with different corrugation periods. We find that alpha has a number of small peaks in its spectrum but its value remains almost constant between 0.1 and 0.2 mum(-1) in the 6-12 mum range for most experimental conditions. The wavelength dependence of g, which always has a pronounced peak at the shorter detection wavelength, determines the responsivity line shape. These results are attributed to insufficient electron transfer between the coupled QWs and to low tunneling probability of the longer wavelength photoelectrons. A comparison of measured responsivity and calculated absorption spectrum of the detectors with 200 Angstrom barriers indicates that there is significant electron transfer between the coupled wells. Despite efficient electron transfer, these detectors have a shorter wavelength detection peak at all bias voltages because of significant short wavelength absorption in both the QWs. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Majumdar, A (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RI Choi, Kwong-Kit/K-9205-2013 NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 7 BP 4623 EP 4630 DI 10.1063/1.1455684 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 535UC UT WOS:000174663900105 ER PT J AU Bahder, TB AF Bahder, TB TI Attitude determination from single-antenna carrier-phase measurements SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB A model of carrier phase measurement (as carried out by a satellite navigation receiver) is formulated based on electromagnetic theory. The model shows that the phase of the open-circuit voltage induced in the receiver antenna with respect to a local oscillator (in the receiver) depends on the relative orientation of the receiving and transmitting antennas. The model shows that using a single receiving antenna, and making carrier phase measurements to seven satellites, the three-axis attitude of a user platform (in addition to its position and time) can be computed relative to an initial point. This measurement model can also be used to create high-fidelity satellite signal simulators that take into account the effect of platform rotation as well as translation. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Bahder, TB (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 7 BP 4677 EP 4684 DI 10.1063/1.1448871 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 535UC UT WOS:000174663900113 ER PT J AU Nindl, BC Scoville, CR Sheehan, KM Leone, CD Mello, RP AF Nindl, BC Scoville, CR Sheehan, KM Leone, CD Mello, RP TI Gender differences in regional body composition and somatotrophic influences of IGF-I and leptin SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE appendicular skeletal muscle; adiposity; somatotrophic hormones; military personnel; insulin-like growth factor I ID BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; GROWTH-FACTOR-I; X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY; SOFT-TISSUE COMPOSITION; FAT DISTRIBUTION; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; FACTOR (IGF)-I; SERUM LEVELS; MUSCLE MASS; ELDERLY MEN AB This study evaluated the arm, trunk, and leg for fat mass, lean soft tissue mass, and bone mineral content (BMC) assessed via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in a group of age-matched (similar to29 yr) men (n = 57) and women (n = 63) and determined their relationship to insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and leptin. After analysis of covariance adjustment to control for differences in body mass between genders, the differences that persisted (P less than or equal to 0.05) were for lean soft tissue mass of the arm (men: 7.1 kg vs. women: 6.4 kg) and fat mass of the leg (men: 5.3 kg vs. women: 6.8 kg). Men and women had similar (P greater than or equal to 0.05) values for fat mass of the arms and trunk and lean soft tissue mass of the legs and trunk. Serum IGF-I and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 correlated (P less than or equal to 0.05) with all measures of BMC (r values ranged from 0.31 to 0.39) and some measures of lean soft tissue mass for women (r = 0.30) but not men. Leptin correlated (P less than or equal to 0.05) similarly for measures of fat mass for both genders (r values ranging from 0.74 to 0.85) and for lean soft tissue mass of the trunk (r = 0.40) and total body (r = 0.32) for men and for the arms in women (r = 0.56). These data demonstrate that 1) the main phenotypic gender differences in body composition are that men have more of their muscle mass in their arms and women have more of their fat mass in their legs and 2) gender differences exist in the relationship between somatotrophic hormones and lean soft tissue mass. C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Mil Performance Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Nindl, BC (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Mil Performance Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 39 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 8750-7587 J9 J APPL PHYSIOL JI J. Appl. Physiol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 92 IS 4 BP 1611 EP 1618 DI 10.1152/japplphysiol.00892.2001 PG 8 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA 534EX UT WOS:000174572600033 PM 11896028 ER PT J AU Sonna, LA Fujita, J Gaffin, SL Lilly, CM AF Sonna, LA Fujita, J Gaffin, SL Lilly, CM TI Invited Review: Effects of heat and cold stress on mammalian gene expression SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE heat shock proteins; heat shock; cold shock; cell stress response ID NF-KAPPA-B; SHOCK FACTOR-I; OXIDE SYNTHASE EXPRESSION; FACTOR-ALPHA EXPRESSION; CELL-CYCLE ARREST; FEBRILE-RANGE TEMPERATURE; EMBRYONAL CARCINOMA-CELLS; HUMAN GLIOBLASTOMA CELLS; DNA-BINDING ACTIVITY; EPITHELIAL-CELLS AB This review examines the effects of thermal stress on gene expression, with special emphasis on changes in the expression of genes other than heat shock proteins (HSPs). There are similar to50 genes not traditionally considered to be HSPs that have been shown, by conventional techniques, to change expression as a result of heat stress, and there are <20 genes (including HSPs) that have been shown to be affected by cold. These numbers will likely become much larger as gene chip array and proteomic technologies are applied to the study of the cell stress response. Several mechanisms have been identified by which gene expression may be altered by heat and cold stress. The similarities and differences between the cellular responses to heat and cold may yield key insights into how cells, and by extension tissues and organisms, survive and adapt to stress. C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Thermal & Mt Med Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Harvard Univ, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Sch Med, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Kyoto Univ, Fac Med, Dept Clin Mol Biol, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068507, Japan. RP Sonna, LA (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Thermal & Mt Med Div, 42 Kansas St, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 122 TC 274 Z9 291 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 8750-7587 J9 J APPL PHYSIOL JI J. Appl. Physiol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 92 IS 4 BP 1725 EP 1742 DI 10.1152/japplphysiol.01143.2001 PG 18 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA 534EX UT WOS:000174572600048 PM 11896043 ER PT J AU Sonna, LA Lilly, CM Sharp, MA Knapik, JJ Patton, JF AF Sonna, LA Lilly, CM Sharp, MA Knapik, JJ Patton, JF TI Genetic studies of performance - Reply SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Thermal & Mt Med Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Sonna, LA (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Thermal & Mt Med Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 8750-7587 J9 J APPL PHYSIOL JI J. Appl. Physiol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 92 IS 4 BP 1776 EP 1777 DI 10.1152/japplphysiol.00875.2001 PG 2 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA 534EX UT WOS:000174572600060 ER PT J AU Chu, JC Kane, EJ Arnold, BL Gansneder, BM AF Chu, JC Kane, EJ Arnold, BL Gansneder, BM TI The effect of a neoprene shoulder stabilizer on active joint-reposition sense in subjects with stable and unstable shoulders SO JOURNAL OF ATHLETIC TRAINING LA English DT Article DE proprioception; glenohumeral joint; bracing ID POSITION SENSE; PROPRIOCEPTION; ANKLE; REHABILITATION; KINESTHESIA; INSTABILITY; BANDAGE AB Objective: To compare the effects of shoulder bracing on active joint-reposition sense in subjects with stable and unstable shoulders. Design and Setting: Two subject groups, with stable and unstable shoulders, participated in an active joint-reposition test of the shoulder under braced and unbraced conditions. Subjects: Forty subjects (22 men, 18 women; age = 21.85 +/- 3.12 years; height = 173.97 +/- 10.08 cm; weight = 71.27 +/- 11.68 kg) were recruited to participate in this study. Twenty Division I athletes were referred to us for shoulder instability, which was subsequently confirmed with clinical assessment. The remaining 20 subjects were recruited from a similar student population and assessed as having stable shoulders. Measurements: Each subject's ability to perceive joint position sense in space was tested by actively reproducing 3 preset angles (10degrees from full external rotation, 30degrees of external rotation, and 30degrees of internal rotation) with and without a shoulder brace. Full, active external-rotation range of motion was assessed before active joint-reposition sense testing. Results: While wearing the shoulder brace, the group with unstable shoulders demonstrated significant improvement in the accuracy of active joint repositioning at 10degrees from full external rotation in comparison with the stable group. Furthermore, those with unstable shoulders demonstrated significantly less full external rotation than did those with stable shoulders, and the brace reduced full external rotation only for those with stable shoulders. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that shoulder active joint-reposition sense in subjects with unstable shoulders can be improved at close to maximal external rotation by wearing a shoulder brace. This effect does not appear to be related to restriction of shoulder external rotation. C1 Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. Arizona State Univ, Phoenix, AZ USA. Baylor Univ, USA, Ft Sam Houston, TX USA. Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA. RP Arnold, BL (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, 817 W Franklin St,Room 221,POB 842037, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. NR 26 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU NATL ATHLETIC TRAINERS ASSOC INC PI DALLAS PA 2952 STEMMONS FREEWAY, DALLAS, TX 75247 USA SN 1062-6050 J9 J ATHL TRAINING JI J. Athl. Train. PD APR-JUN PY 2002 VL 37 IS 2 BP 141 EP 145 PG 5 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 558UA UT WOS:000175983900005 ER PT J AU Gruber, JB Justice, BH Westrum, EF Zandi, B AF Gruber, JB Justice, BH Westrum, EF Zandi, B TI Revisiting the thermophysical properties of the A-type hexagonal lanthanide sesquioxides between temperatures of 5 K and 1000 K SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL-FIELD ANALYSIS; RARE-EARTH IONS; OPTICAL-SPECTRA; ENERGY-LEVELS; KRAMERS IONS; C2 SITES; Y2O3 AB Thermal measurements of the heat capacities and sensible enthalpies of the hexagonal (A-type) lanthanide sesquioxides of La, Ce, Pr, and Nd are reviewed and re-evaluated in terms of the lattice heat-capacity parameters and the Schottky levels obtained from lattice-sum calculations and analyses of the optical spectra. Re-examination of all the data typically from about T = 5 K to 1000 K leads to revised values for the thermodynamic functions over this temperature range. Of particular interest, the values of Delta(0)(298)S(m)(0)/R at T = 298.15 K are given as 15.31, 17.88, 18.37, and 18.99 for La, Ce, Pr, and Nd hexagonal sesquioxides, respectively. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 San Jose State Univ, Dept Phys, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Chem, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi Lab Ctr, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Gruber, JB (reprint author), San Jose State Univ, Dept Phys, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. NR 38 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0021-9614 J9 J CHEM THERMODYN JI J. Chem. Thermodyn. PD APR PY 2002 VL 34 IS 4 BP 457 EP 473 DI 10.1006/jcht.2001.0860 PG 17 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 573ZH UT WOS:000176863500004 ER PT J AU Larson, SL Felt, DR Davis, JL Escalon, L AF Larson, SL Felt, DR Davis, JL Escalon, L TI Analysis of CL-20 in environmental matrices: Water and soil SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHIC SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HEXANITROHEXAAZAISOWURTZITANE; HNIW C1 USA, Environm Lab, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Appl Res Associates Inc, So Div, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Analyt Serv Inc, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Larson, SL (reprint author), USA, Environm Lab, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 22 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU PRESTON PUBLICATIONS INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 USA SN 0021-9665 J9 J CHROMATOGR SCI JI J. Chromatogr. Sci. PD APR PY 2002 VL 40 IS 4 BP 201 EP 206 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 546VC UT WOS:000175294800005 PM 12004939 ER PT J AU Tuttle, RM Fleisher, M Francis, GL Robbins, RJ AF Tuttle, RM Fleisher, M Francis, GL Robbins, RJ TI Serum vascular endothelial growth factor levels are elevated in metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer but not increased by short-term TSH stimulation SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM LA English DT Article ID FACTOR VEGF; CELL-LINES; IN-VIVO; PERMEABILITY FACTOR; TUMOR ANGIOGENESIS; COLORECTAL-CANCER; TYROSINE KINASE; UP-REGULATION; FACTOR GENE; EXPRESSION AB Solid tumor formation requires the development of a blood supply adequate to meet the metabolic demands of the enlarging tumor mass that cannot be sustained by simple diffusion. One principal stimulant to endothelial cell growth and migration, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), is synthesized and secreted by thyroid cancer cells. Furthermore, VEGF overexpression is associated with an aggressive thyroid cancer phenotype in both animal models and clinical-pathological studies. In other malignancies, elevated serum levels of VEGF often correlate with stage of disease and other poor prognostic clinical features. Therefore, we hypothesized that serum VEGF levels would be significantly higher in patients with persistent or recurrent thyroid cancer than in those cured of the disease. Because TSH stimulates both normal and neoplastic thyroid cells, we also proposed that serum VEGF would be further increased by TSH stimulation. Sixty-nine patients with either papillary or follicular thyroid cancer, status post total thyroidectomy, and prior radioactive iodine ablation, who had undergone routine recombinant human TSH (rhTSH, Thyrogen, Genzyme Transgenics Corp., Cambridge, MA) assisted whole-body radioactive iodine scanning, were included in this study. This cohort (mean age 53 +/- 16 yr, 51% female) included 21 patients with no evidence of disease and 48 patients with local or distant metastases. Stored serum samples obtained for standard Tg determinations before and 72 h following standard rhTSH stimulation were identified and assayed for VEGF 165 (R & D Systems, Minneapolis, MN). Baseline serum VEGF levels obtained at a time of TSH suppression were significantly higher in patients with known metastatic disease than in those with no evidence of disease (416 +/- 62 pg/ml vs. 185 +/- 25 pg/ml, P = 0.001). Patients with distant metastases had baseline serum VEGF levels that did not differ significantly from patients with only cervical recurrences (455 +/- 90 pg/ml in distant metastases vs. 330 +/- 44 pg/ml for local cervical recurrences). Short-term TSH stimulation, although causing a significant rise in serum Tg, resulted in no significant increase in serum VEGF measured 72 h after rhTSH injection in either the patients with known metastatic disease (416 +/- 62 pg/ml baseline vs. 419 +/- 71 pg/ml after TSH stimulation) or in cured patients (185 +/- 25 pg/ml baseline vs. 191 +/- 33 pg/ml after TSH stimulation). Subgroup analysis revealed that patients with metastatic disease arising from well differentiated primary thyroid cancers had significantly higher serum VEGF levels than patients with metastatic disease arising from poorly differentiated thyroid cancer primaries (485 +/- 74 pg/ml vs. 167 +/- 32 pg/ml, P = 0.003 by ANOVA). Poorly differentiated metastatic thyroid cancers had serum VEGF levels indistinguishable from patients cured of disease (167 +/- 32 pg/ml vs. 186 +/- 25 pg/ml). In summary, serum VEGF is significantly elevated in patients with metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer but not in those with poorly differentiated thyroid cancer metastases. No measurable increase in serum VEGF levels can be detected 72 h after short-term TSH stimulation with rhTSH. We conclude that serum VEGF may serve as a clinical useful marker of residual differentiated thyroid cancer. C1 Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Dept Med, Serv Endocrinol, New York, NY 10021 USA. Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Dept Clin Labs, Clin Chem Serv, New York, NY 10021 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Tuttle, RM (reprint author), Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Dept Med, Serv Endocrinol, Box 419 H-715,1275 York Ave, New York, NY 10021 USA. EM rmtuttle@hotmail.com NR 57 TC 55 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0021-972X J9 J CLIN ENDOCR METAB JI J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. PD APR PY 2002 VL 87 IS 4 BP 1737 EP 1742 DI 10.1210/jc.87.4.1737 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 541AM UT WOS:000174963100047 PM 11932308 ER PT J AU Huang, XZ Chu, MC Engelthaler, DM Lindler, LE AF Huang, XZ Chu, MC Engelthaler, DM Lindler, LE TI Genotyping of a homogeneous group of Yersinia pestis strains isolated in the United States SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; PLAGUE; PSEUDOTUBERCULOSIS; GENOME; ENTEROCOLITICA; MADAGASCAR; DIVERSITY; SEQUENCES; ELEMENTS; IS100 AB Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of deadly plague, is considered a reemerging infectious disease and a significant biological terrorism threat. The present project focused on epidemiological investigation of the genetic variability of well-documented strains of Y. pestis from the United States by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis with insertion sequences IS100 and IS285 as probes. We examined 37 U.S. Y. pestis strains and isolates of a single ribotype, ribotype B, recovered between 1939 and 1998 from patients, animals, and fleas. Our results showed that all isolates had similar PFGE patterns, but minor differences such as missing, additional, and shifted bands were found among almost all strains if they came from different parent strains. The 37 strains and isolates were divided into 26 PFGE types. RFLP analysis with IS100 as a probe divided these strains and isolates into 16 types, with 43% belonging to IS100 type 1. Typing with IS285 as a probe was less specific and led to only four RFLP types, with 81% belonging to type 1. Similarity analysis with BioNumerics software showed that all strains shared greater than or equal to80, 86, and 91% similarities on dendrograms prepared from digitized PFGE, IS100 RFLP analysis, and IS285 RFLP analysis images, respectively. Our results demonstrate that PFGE offers an increased ability to discriminate between strains (Simpson's index of diversity, 0.98) and therefore can significantly improve epidemiological studies related to the origin of new plague isolates. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Bacterial Dis, Div Communicable Dis & Immunol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Lindler, LE (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Bacterial Dis, Div Communicable Dis & Immunol, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 37 TC 25 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 40 IS 4 BP 1164 EP 1173 DI 10.1128/JCM.40.4.1164-1173.2002 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 538GX UT WOS:000174808000007 PM 11923326 ER PT J AU Van Wassenhove, V Grant, K Poeppel, D AF Van Wassenhove, V Grant, K Poeppel, D TI Temporal integration in the McGurk effect SO JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC USA. RI Van Wassenhove, Virginie/F-4129-2010 OI Van Wassenhove, Virginie/0000-0002-2569-5502 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU M I T PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA FIVE CAMBRIDGE CENTER, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 USA SN 0898-929X J9 J COGNITIVE NEUROSCI JI J. Cogn. Neurosci. PD APR PY 2002 SU S MA E116 BP 146 EP 146 PG 1 WC Neurosciences; Psychology, Experimental SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA 525LP UT WOS:000174072000602 ER PT J AU Krueger, R Paris, IL O'Brien, TK Minguet, PJ AF Krueger, R Paris, IL O'Brien, TK Minguet, PJ TI Fatigue life methodology for bonded composite skin/stringer configurations SO JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES TECHNOLOGY & RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE composite materials; testing; finite element analysis; fatigue life prediction; fracture mechanics; skin/flange interface ID ENERGY RELEASE RATES; CRACK AB A methodology is presented for determining the fatigue life of composite structures based on fatigue characterization data and geometric nonlinear finite element analyses. To demonstrate the approach, predicted results were compared to fatigue tests performed on specimens which consisted of a tapered composite flange, representing a stringer or frame, bonded onto a composite skin. In a first step, quasi-static tension and fatigue tests were performed to evaluate the debonding mechanisms between the skin and the bonded stringer. Specimen edges were examined under the microscope to document the damage occurrence. In a second step, a two-dimensional finite element model was developed to analyze the tests. To predict matrix cracking onset, the relationship between the externally applied tension load and the maximum principal stresses transverse to the fiber direction was determined through geometrically nonlinear analysis. Transverse tension fatigue life data were used to generate an onset fatigue life P-N curve for matrix cracking. The resulting prediction was in good agreement with measured data from the fatigue tests. In a third step, a fracture mechanics approach based on geometrically nonlinear analysis was used to determine the relationship between the externally applied tension load and the critical energy release rate. Mixed mode energy release rate fatigue life data from DCB, 4ENF, and MMB tests were used to create a fatigue life onset G-N curve for delamination. The resulting prediction was in good agreement with data from the fatigue tests. Additionally, the prediction curve for cumulative life to failure was generated from the matrix onset and delamination onset fatigue life curves. The results were in good agreement with data from the fatigue tests, which demonstrated that the methodology offers a significant potential to predict cumulative fatigue life of composite structures. C1 NASA Langley Res Ctr, US Army Res Lab, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. Head Structures Technol Res & Dev Grp, Philadelphia, PA 19142 USA. RP Krueger, R (reprint author), NASA Langley Res Ctr, US Army Res Lab, Mail Stop 132C, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RI Krueger, Ronald/G-5356-2015 NR 25 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0884-6804 J9 J COMPOS TECH RES JI J. Compos. Technol. Res. PD APR PY 2002 VL 24 IS 2 BP 56 EP 79 PG 24 WC Materials Science, Composites; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 558ZL UT WOS:000175998400003 ER PT J AU Straight, AM Patel, A Fenton, C Dinauer, C Tuttle, RM Francis, GL AF Straight, AM Patel, A Fenton, C Dinauer, C Tuttle, RM Francis, GL TI Thyroid carcinomas that express telomerase follow a more aggressive clinical course in children and adolescents SO JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE thyroid; cancer; telomerase ID YOUNG-ADULTS; CELLULAR SENESCENCE; CANCER; TUMORS; BENIGN; MUTATIONS; TISSUES; MARKER; RECURRENCE; DIAGNOSIS AB With each cell division, DNA is lost from the telomeres, limiting the number of divisions, and leading to senescence. Malignant tumors maintain immortality by expressing a specific DNA repair enzyme, telomerase, that replaces this DNA. We hypothesized that tumors which express telomerase would have the highest recurrence risk and we tested this by determining telomerase expression in 27 papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC), 5 follicular thyroid carcinomas (FTC) and 13 benign thyroid lesions from children and adolescents. Patients were 6-21 yr of age (mean+/-SE=16.6+/-4.1 yr) and followed from 0-14.1 yr (mean+/-SE=4.71+/-3.5 yr). Original tumors were sectioned, and immunostained for telomerase. Telomerase-specific staining was determined by two independent, blind examiners and graded from absent (Grade 0) to intense (Grade 3). Telomerase was detected in a similar majority of benign (11/13, 85%) and malignant tumors (24/32, 75%). However, the intensity of telomerase expression was greater among FTC (mean+/-SE=2.4+/-0.5 relative intensity) followed by PTC (mean+/-SE=1.9+/-1.0 relative intensity) and benign tumors (mean+/-SE=1.8+/-1.0 relative intensity). Autoimmune lesions had lower telomerase expression (mean+/-SE=1.25+/-0.5 relative intensity) compared to FTC (p=0.01), PTC (p=0.06) and benign lesions (p=0.15). Among PTC, 19 (70%) expressed telomerase, and 8 (30%) did not. Direct invasion (no.=4, 21%), distant metastasis (no.=2, 10%) and recurrence (no.=7, 37%) developed exclusively in PTC that expressed telomerase (p=0.02). Disease-free survival was also shorter for PTC that expressed telomerase (p=0.06). Recurrence developed in 1/2 (50%) FTC that expressed telomerase. We conclude that childhood thyroid cancers which express telomerase have an increased risk of tissue invasion, metastasis, and recurrence. (C) 2002, Editrice Kurtis. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Pediat, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Dept Endocrinol, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP Francis, GL (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Pediat, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 40 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDITRICE KURTIS S R L PI MILAN PA VIA LUIGI ZOJA 30, 20153 MILAN, ITALY SN 0391-4097 J9 J ENDOCRINOL INVEST JI J. Endocrinol. Invest. PD APR PY 2002 VL 25 IS 4 BP 302 EP 308 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 540WQ UT WOS:000174954200002 PM 12030599 ER PT J AU Hallberg, LM Chinachoti, P AF Hallberg, LM Chinachoti, P TI A fresh perspective on staling: The significance of starch recrystallization on the firming of bread SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bread; staling; water; military; crystallization ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; WATER MOBILITY; THERMOMECHANICAL PROPERTIES; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; FOOD SYSTEMS; STORAGE; AMYLOPECTIN; CRUMB; GELS AB Storage stability of standard white bread (SWB) and Meal, Ready-to-Eat (MRE) breads were studied in terms of texture firming, amylopectin recrystallization, and water relations. SWB showed a more rapid increase in firmness during storage mainly due to the loss of moisture to the crust and surrounding environment. The MRE, a long shelf-life military bread, firmed much slower due to the moisture loss inhibition (hermetic pouch) and plasticization (by formulation). This work confirmed previous findings that in some cases, firming of a bread can be strongly influenced by factors other than amylopectin crystallization. This is possible through controlling changes in the amorphous domains earlier described from thermomechanical studies. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Food Sci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. USA, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Biol Chem Command, Natick Soldier Ctr, Combat Feeding Program, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Chinachoti, P (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Food Sci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RI Chinachoti, Pavinee/C-8892-2009 NR 38 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 5 U2 12 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA 525 WEST VAN BUREN, STE 1000, CHICAGO, IL 60607-3814 USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD APR PY 2002 VL 67 IS 3 BP 1092 EP 1096 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2002.tb09458.x PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 555LB UT WOS:000175794600034 ER PT J AU Goldsteen, RA AF Goldsteen, RA TI IMSES-internal medicine staff/housestaff evaluation system: A new computerized evaluation and feedback tool for ambulatory housestaff performance in teaching programs. SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0884-8734 J9 J GEN INTERN MED JI J. Gen. Intern. Med. PD APR PY 2002 VL 17 SU 1 BP 93 EP 94 PG 2 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medicine, General & Internal SC Health Care Sciences & Services; General & Internal Medicine GA 544LB UT WOS:000175158200311 ER PT J AU Tofferi, JK O'Malley, PG Feuerstein, I Taylor, AJ AF Tofferi, JK O'Malley, PG Feuerstein, I Taylor, AJ TI Is alcohol intake associated with subclinical coronary atherosclerosis? SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0884-8734 J9 J GEN INTERN MED JI J. Gen. Intern. Med. PD APR PY 2002 VL 17 SU 1 BP 132 EP 132 PG 1 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medicine, General & Internal SC Health Care Sciences & Services; General & Internal Medicine GA 544LB UT WOS:000175158200487 ER PT J AU Wei, GS O'Malley, PG Jackson, JL AF Wei, GS O'Malley, PG Jackson, JL TI Bone density referral decision rules: Correlation with clinical fractures. SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 VA Med Ctr, Washington, DC USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0884-8734 J9 J GEN INTERN MED JI J. Gen. Intern. Med. PD APR PY 2002 VL 17 SU 1 BP 133 EP 133 PG 1 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medicine, General & Internal SC Health Care Sciences & Services; General & Internal Medicine GA 544LB UT WOS:000175158200492 ER PT J AU Wei, GS O'Malley, PG Jackson, JL AF Wei, GS O'Malley, PG Jackson, JL TI Osteoporosis risk management of female patients in primary care: How well does the management adhere to national clinical guidelines? SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 VA Med Ctr, Washington, DC USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0884-8734 J9 J GEN INTERN MED JI J. Gen. Intern. Med. PD APR PY 2002 VL 17 SU 1 BP 133 EP 133 PG 1 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medicine, General & Internal SC Health Care Sciences & Services; General & Internal Medicine GA 544LB UT WOS:000175158200491 ER PT J AU Salerno, SM O'Malley, PG Pangaro, LM Jackson, JL AF Salerno, SM O'Malley, PG Pangaro, LM Jackson, JL TI Faculty development seminars can improve written feedback in the ambulatory setting. SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0884-8734 J9 J GEN INTERN MED JI J. Gen. Intern. Med. PD APR PY 2002 VL 17 SU 1 BP 233 EP 233 PG 1 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medicine, General & Internal SC Health Care Sciences & Services; General & Internal Medicine GA 544LB UT WOS:000175158200963 ER PT J AU Salerno, SM Jackson, JL O'Malley, PG AF Salerno, SM Jackson, JL O'Malley, PG TI Do students and teachers agree on student performance evaluations in the ambulatory clinic? SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0884-8734 J9 J GEN INTERN MED JI J. Gen. Intern. Med. PD APR PY 2002 VL 17 SU 1 BP 233 EP 233 PG 1 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medicine, General & Internal SC Health Care Sciences & Services; General & Internal Medicine GA 544LB UT WOS:000175158200962 ER PT J AU Selanikio, JD Kemmer, TM Bovill, M Geisler, K AF Selanikio, JD Kemmer, TM Bovill, M Geisler, K TI Mobile computing in the humanitarian assistance setting: An introduction and some first steps SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE handheld; humanitarian; data-collection; disaster; palm; mobile computing AB We developed a Palm operating system-based handheld computer system for administering nutrition questionnaires and used it to gather nutritional information among the Burmese refugees in the Mae La refugee camp oil the Thai-Burma border. Our experience demonstrated that such technology can be easily, adapted for such an austere setting and used to great advantage. Further, the technology showed tremendous potential to reduce both time required and errors commonly encountered when field staff collect information in the humanitarian setting. We also identified several areas needing further development. C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Ctr Excellence Disaster Management & Humanitarian, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Washington, USA, Med Dept Ctr & Sch, Student Detachment Nutr Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Mil Nutr Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Selanikio, JD (reprint author), Tripler Army Med Ctr, Ctr Excellence Disaster Management & Humanitarian, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 9 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0148-5598 J9 J MED SYST JI J. Med. Syst. PD APR PY 2002 VL 26 IS 2 BP 113 EP 125 AR UNSP 0148-5598/02/0400-0113/0 DI 10.1023/A:1014853825636 PG 13 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medical Informatics SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medical Informatics GA 542GK UT WOS:000175035000005 PM 11993568 ER PT J AU Cowher, IM AF Cowher, IM TI War and gender SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Cowher, IM (reprint author), US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD APR PY 2002 VL 66 IS 2 BP 538 EP 539 DI 10.2307/3093071 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 536BW UT WOS:000174681700011 ER PT J AU Robertson, WG AF Robertson, WG TI Retreat to victory? Confederate strategy reconsidered SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 US Army Combined Arms Ctr, Leavenworth, KS USA. RP Robertson, WG (reprint author), US Army Combined Arms Ctr, Leavenworth, KS USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD APR PY 2002 VL 66 IS 2 BP 574 EP 575 DI 10.2307/3093102 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 536BW UT WOS:000174681700043 ER PT J AU Bjorge, GJ AF Bjorge, GJ TI Modern Chinese warfare, 1795-1989 SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 US Army Command & Gen Staff Coll, Ft Leavenworth, KS 66027 USA. RP Bjorge, GJ (reprint author), US Army Command & Gen Staff Coll, Ft Leavenworth, KS 66027 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD APR PY 2002 VL 66 IS 2 BP 633 EP 635 DI 10.2307/3093149 PG 3 WC History SC History GA 536BW UT WOS:000174681700091 ER PT J AU Kiesling, EC AF Kiesling, EC TI Women in combat: Civic duty or military liability? SO JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Kiesling, EC (reprint author), US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC MILITARY HISTORY PI LEXINGTON PA C/O VIRGINIA MILITARY INST, GEORGE C MARSHALL LIBRARY, LEXINGTON, VA 24450-1600 USA SN 0899-3718 J9 J MILITARY HIST JI J. Mil. Hist. PD APR PY 2002 VL 66 IS 2 BP 649 EP 650 DI 10.2307/3093162 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 536BW UT WOS:000174681700105 ER PT J AU Riel, MA Kyle, DE Milhous, WK AF Riel, MA Kyle, DE Milhous, WK TI Efficacy of scopadulcic acid A against Plasmodium falciparum in vitro SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS LA English DT Article ID SCOPARIA-DULCIS L; BETA-GLUCURONIDASE INHIBITOR; INVITRO; CLONING; SUBUNIT AB Scoparia dulcis is a perennial herb widely distributed in many tropical countries. It is used as an herbal remedy for gastrointestinal and many other ailments, and in Nicaragua extracts are used to treat malaria. Phytochemical screening has shown that scopadulcic acid A (SDA), scopadulcic acid B (SDB), and semisynthetic analogues are pharmacologically active compounds from S. dulcis. SDB has antiviral activity against Herpes simplex virus type 1, antitumor activity in various human cell lines, and direct inhibitory activity against porcine gastric H+, K+-ATPase. A methyl ester of scopadulcic acid B showed the most potent inhibitory activity against gastric proton pumps of 30 compounds tested in one study. Compounds with antiviral, antifungal, and antitumor activity often show activity against Plasmodium falciparum. In P. falciparum, the plasma membrane and food vacuole have H--ATPases and the acidocalcisome has an H--Ppase. These proton pumps are potential targets for antimalarial therapy and may have their function disrupted by compounds known to inhibit gastric proton pumps. We tested pure SDA and found in vitro activity against P. falciparum with an IC50 of 27 and 19 muM against the D6 and W2 clones, respectively. The IC50 against the multidrug-resistant isolate, TM91C235, was 23 muM. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Parasitol, Div Expt Therapeut, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Riel, MA (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Parasitol, Div Expt Therapeut, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 23 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0163-3864 J9 J NAT PROD JI J. Nat. Prod. PD APR PY 2002 VL 65 IS 4 BP 614 EP 615 DI 10.1021/np0105275 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 547HV UT WOS:000175327700042 PM 11975516 ER PT J AU Thompson, GA AF Thompson, GA TI Readers' round table SO JOURNAL OF PROSTHETIC DENTISTRY LA English DT Letter C1 US Army Dent Res Detachment, Dent Biomat Branch, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. RP Thompson, GA (reprint author), US Army Dent Res Detachment, Dent Biomat Branch, 310B B St Bldg 1H, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0022-3913 J9 J PROSTHET DENT JI J. Prosthet. Dent. PD APR PY 2002 VL 87 IS 4 BP 467 EP 467 DI 10.1067/mpr.2002.124323 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 553RD UT WOS:000175688500025 PM 12011868 ER PT J AU Kim, JH Krivda, SJ AF Kim, JH Krivda, SJ TI Lichen planus confined to a radiation therapy site SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article AB We report the case of a 58-year-old man with lichen planus localized to a radiation site. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of radiation-induced lichen planus in the English-language literature. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dermatol Serv, Dept Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Krivda, SJ (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dermatol Serv, Dept Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 8 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0190-9622 J9 J AM ACAD DERMATOL JI J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 46 IS 4 BP 604 EP 605 DI 10.1067/mjd.2002.119654 PG 2 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 581VB UT WOS:000177313600023 PM 11907518 ER PT J AU vonHilsheimer, GE Norton, SA AF vonHilsheimer, GE Norton, SA TI Delayed bleomycin-induced hyperpigmentation and pressure on the skin SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID FLAGELLATE C1 Pentagon, DiLorenzo Hlth Clin, Washington, DC 20310 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dermatol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP vonHilsheimer, GE (reprint author), Pentagon, DiLorenzo Hlth Clin, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 6 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0190-9622 J9 J AM ACAD DERMATOL JI J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 46 IS 4 BP 642 EP 643 DI 10.1067/mjd.2002.119195 PG 2 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 581VB UT WOS:000177313600035 PM 11907529 ER PT J AU Whalley, M Howitt, J AF Whalley, M Howitt, J TI Optimization of Partial Authority Automatic Flight Control Systems for hover/low-speed maneuvering in degraded visual environments SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HELICOPTER SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 55th Annual Forum of the American-Helicopter-Society CY MAY 25-27, 1999 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Amer Helicopter Soc AB A ground-based piloted simulation study of a Partial Authority Flight Control Augmentation concept for the UH-60 Black Hawk helicopter was performed. Two command model gain sets were synthesized for a model-following, attitude-command attitude-hold (ACAH) control law: 1) a gain set optimized for Level 1 handling qualities with respect to the ADS-33D handling qualities specification, and 2) a gain set optimized for minimum least-squares error between the open- and closed-loop stick-to-attitude frequency response. The resulting configurations were tested at both 10 and 15 percent stability augmentation system (SAS) authority levels. The standard UR-60A SAS was also evaluated for comparison purposes. Four hover/low-speed tasks were performed in a simulated degraded visual environment using night vision goggles. Series servo hardover recoveries at 10 and 15 percent authority levels were also assessed. The results indicate that the "frequency-matched" ACAH control law reduced series servo activity, reduced series servo saturation, and improved control predictability in the region of saturation. C1 USA, NASA, Rotorcraft Div, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Powered Lift & Maritime Aviat, Bedford, England. RP Whalley, M (reprint author), USA, NASA, Rotorcraft Div, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER HELICOPTER SOC INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 217 N WASHINGTON ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0002-8711 J9 J AM HELICOPTER SOC JI J. Am. Helicopter Soc. PD APR PY 2002 VL 47 IS 2 BP 79 EP 89 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 546VF UT WOS:000175295100001 ER PT J AU Kottapalli, S Kitaplioglu, C AF Kottapalli, S Kitaplioglu, C TI Neural network representation of external tilt-rotor noise SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HELICOPTER SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th AIAA/Confederation of European Aerospace Societies Aeroacoustics Conference CY JUN, 2000 CL MAUI, HAWAII SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut AB Results from a neural network study of the noise data from a full-scale XV-15 tilt-rotor are presented. Specifically, this database was acquired during the 1998 NASA Ames 80- by 120-foot wind tunnel test to establish the blade-vortex-interaction noise signature. The present study has three objectives: 1) To conduct a neural-network-based quality assessment of the noise data; 2) To obtain neural network representations of the noise data and to demonstrate their sensitivity to test conditions; 3) To obtain neural-network-based noise predictions. Overall, neural networks are successfully used to assess the quality of the noise data and to represent the complete database as well as to predict tilt-rotor noise using the minimal amount of input data. As major findings, the data quality is found to be acceptable, and accurate neural network representations are obtained for the test-condition-sensitivity cases. C1 USA, NASA, Rotorcraft Div, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Kottapalli, S (reprint author), USA, NASA, Rotorcraft Div, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HELICOPTER SOC INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 217 N WASHINGTON ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0002-8711 J9 J AM HELICOPTER SOC JI J. Am. Helicopter Soc. PD APR PY 2002 VL 47 IS 2 BP 109 EP 114 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 546VF UT WOS:000175295100004 ER PT J AU Wilbur, ML Mirick, PH Yeager, WT Langston, CW Cesnik, CES Shin, S AF Wilbur, ML Mirick, PH Yeager, WT Langston, CW Cesnik, CES Shin, S TI Vibratory loads reduction testing of the NASA/Army/MIT active twist rotor SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HELICOPTER SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 57th Annual Forum of the American-Helicopter-Society CY MAY 09-11, 2001 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Amer Helicopter Soc AB Recent studies have indicated that controlled strain-induced blade twisting can be attained using piezoelectric Active Fiber Composite technology, and that such advancement may provide a mechanism for reduced rotorcraft vibrations and increased rotor performance. To validate these findings experimentally, a cooperative effort between the NASA Langley Research Center, the Army Research Laboratory, and the MIT Active Materials and Structures Laboratory has been developed. As a result of this collaboration a four-bladed, aeroelasticafly scaled, active-twist model rotor has been designed and fabricated for testing in the heavy gas test medium of the NASA Langley Transonic Dynamics Tunnel. Initial wind tunnel testing has been conducted to assess the impact of active blade twist on both fixed- and rotating-system vibratory loads in forward flight. The active twist control was found to have a pronounced effect on all system loads and was shown to offer generally reductions in fixed-system loads of 60% to 95%, depending upon flight condition, with 1.1degrees to 1.4degrees of dynamic blade twist observed. A summary of the systems developed and the vibratory loads reduction results obtained are presented in this paper. C1 USA, Res Lab, NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. MIT, Act Mat & Struct Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Wilbur, ML (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. NR 22 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER HELICOPTER SOC INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 217 N WASHINGTON ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0002-8711 J9 J AM HELICOPTER SOC JI J. Am. Helicopter Soc. PD APR PY 2002 VL 47 IS 2 BP 123 EP 133 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 546VF UT WOS:000175295100006 ER PT J AU Piatak, DJ Kvaternik, RG Nixon, MW Langston, CW Singleton, JD Bennett, RL Brown, RK AF Piatak, DJ Kvaternik, RG Nixon, MW Langston, CW Singleton, JD Bennett, RL Brown, RK TI A parametric investigation of whirl-flutter stability on the WRATS tiltrotor model SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HELICOPTER SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 57th Annual Forum of the American-Helicopter-Society CY MAY 09-11, 2001 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Amer Helicopter Soc AB A wind-tunnel investigation of whirl-flutter stability boundaries has been conducted on a 1/5-size semispan tiltrotor model known as the Wing and Rotor Aeroelastic Test System (WRATS) in the NASA-Langley Transonic Dynamics Tunnel as part of a joint NASA/Army/Bell Helicopter Textron, Inc (BHTI) research program. The model was developed by BHTI as part of the JVX (V-22) development program in the 1980s and was modified to incorporate a hydraulically actuated swasliplate control system for use in active controls research. The modifications have changed the model's pylon mass properties sufficiently to warrant testing to re-establish its baseline stability boundaries. A parametric investigation of the effect of rotor design variables on stability was also conducted. Experimental baseline stability boundaries in air are presented with comparisons to results from parametric variations of rotor pitch-flap coupling and control system stiffness. Increasing the rotor pitch-flap coupling (53 more negative) has a destabilizing effect on stability, while a reduction in control system stiffness has little effect on whirl-flutter stability. The results from tests conducted in R-134a heavy gas indicate that matching full-scale blade Mach number has a destabilizing effect on whirl-flutter. This finding demonstrates that stability boundaries obtained from tests at reduced Mach number in air are unconservative. C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. USA, Res Lab, Vehicle Technol Directorate, NASA,Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA USA. Bell Helicopter Textron Inc, Ft Worth, TX USA. RP Piatak, DJ (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER HELICOPTER SOC INC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 217 N WASHINGTON ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0002-8711 J9 J AM HELICOPTER SOC JI J. Am. Helicopter Soc. PD APR PY 2002 VL 47 IS 2 BP 134 EP 144 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 546VF UT WOS:000175295100007 ER PT J AU DeCastro, BJ Morey, AF AF DeCastro, BJ Morey, AF TI Fibrin sealant for the reconstruction of Fournier's gangrene sequelae SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE penis; fibrin tissue adhesive; Fournier gangrene; skin; debridement ID MANAGEMENT; GLUE AB Purpose: We describe the use of fibrin tissue adhesive as an adjunct for reconstructing genital skin loss due to Fournier's gangrene. Materials and Methods: We treated 2 patients with Fournier's gangrene with repeat surgical debridement and antibiotics. Delayed primary closure was enhanced by using liquid fibrin sealant. In 1 case the sealant was used to obliterate a large testicular thigh pouch that had become infected. In the other case it was used to anchor the under surface of a thigh flap for scrotal reconstruction. Results: In each patient the fibrin tissue adhesive prevented further complications of Fournier's disease. Conclusions: Fibrin sealant is an effective adjunct for managing extensive genital skin loss caused by Fournier's gangrene. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Urol Serv, San Antonio, TX USA. RP DeCastro, BJ (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Urol Serv, San Antonio, TX USA. NR 13 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 167 IS 4 BP 1774 EP 1776 DI 10.1016/S0022-5347(05)65197-X PG 3 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 531VB UT WOS:000174437000053 PM 11912407 ER PT J AU Xu, XL Severson, W Villegas, N Schmaljohn, CS Jonsson, CB AF Xu, XL Severson, W Villegas, N Schmaljohn, CS Jonsson, CB TI The RNA binding domain of the Hantaan virus N protein maps to a central, conserved region SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID MOUSE HEPATITIS-VIRUS; NUCLEOCAPSID PROTEIN; INFLUENZA-VIRUS; IDENTIFICATION; NUCLEOPROTEIN; HANTAVIRUSES; LOCALIZATION; RESIDUES AB The nucleocapsid (N) protein of hantaviruses encapsidates both viral genomic and antigenomic RNAs, although only the genomic viral RNA (vRNA) is packaged into virions. To define the domain within the Hantaan virus (HTNV) N protein that mediates these interactions, 14 N- and C-terminal deletion constructs were cloned into a bacterial expression vector, expressed, and purified to homogeneity. Each protein was examined for its ability to bind the HTNV S segment vRNA with filter binding and gel electrophoretic mobility shift assays. These studies mapped a minimal region within the HTNV N protein (amino acids 175 to 217) that bound vRNA. Sequence alignments made from several hantavirus N protein sequences showed that the region identified has a 58% identity and an 86% similarity among these amino acid sequences. Two peptides corresponding to amino acids 175 to 196 (N1) and 197 to 218 (N2) were synthesized. The RNA binding of each peptide was measured by filter binding and competition analysis. Three oligoribonucleotides were used to measure binding affinity and assess specificity. The N2 peptide contained the major RNA binding determinants, while the NI peptide, when mixed with N2, contributed to the specificity of vRNA recognition. C1 New Mexico State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Grad Program Mol Biol, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Jonsson, CB (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [1R03AI41114-01, R03 AI041114-03, R03 AI041114]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GMO7667-23] NR 25 TC 49 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 76 IS 7 BP 3301 EP 3308 DI 10.1128/JVI.76.7.3301-3308.2002 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 529ZE UT WOS:000174330500023 PM 11884555 ER PT J AU Markoff, L Pang, X Houng, HS Falgout, B Olsen, R Jones, E Polo, S AF Markoff, L Pang, X Houng, HS Falgout, B Olsen, R Jones, E Polo, S TI Derivation and characterization of a dengue type 1 host range-restricted mutant virus that is attenuated and highly immunogenic in monkeys SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID YELLOW-FEVER VIRUS; GENOMIC RNA; NS5 PROTEIN; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; IDENTIFICATION; REPLICATION; VACCINE; STRAIN; FLAVIVIRUSES; EXPRESSION AB We recently described the derivation of a dengue serotype 2 virus (DEN2mutF) that exhibited a host range-restricted phenotype; it was severely impaired for replication in cultured mosquito cells (C6/36 cells). DEN2mutF virus had selected mutations in genomic, sequences predicted to form a 3' stem-loop structure (3'-SL) that is conserved among all flavivirus species. The 3'-SL constitutes the downstream terminal similar to95 nucleotides of the 3' noncoding region in flavivirus RNA. Here we report the introduction of these same mutational changes into the analogous region of an infectious DNA derived from the genome of a human-virulent dengue serotype 1 virus (DEN1), strain Western Pacific (DEN1WP). The resulting DEN1 mutant (DEN1mutF) exhibited a host range-restricted phenotype similar to that of DEN2mutF virus. DEN1mutF virus was attenuated in a monkey model for dengue infection in which viremia is taken as a correlate of human virulence. In spite of the markedly reduced levels of viremia that it induced in monkeys compared to DEN1WP, DEN1mutF was highly immunogenic. In addition, DEN1mutF-immunized monkeys retained high levels of neutralizing antibodies in serum and were protected from challenge with high doses of the DEN1WP parent for as long as 17 months after the single immunizing dose. Phenotypic revertants of DEN1mutF and DEN2mutF were each detected after a total of 24 days in C6/36 cell cultures. Complete nucleotide sequence analysis of DEN1mutF RNA and that of a revertant virus, DEN1mutFRev, revealed that (i) the DEN1mutF genome contained no additional mutations upstream from the 3'-SL compared to the DEN1WP parent genome and (ii) the DEN1mutFRev genome contained de novo mutations, consistent with our previous hypothesis that the defect in DEN2mutF replication in C6/36 cells was at the level of RNA replication. A strategy for the development of a tetravalent dengue vaccine is discussed. C1 US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Off Vaccines Res & Review, Lab Vector Borne Virus Dis, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Div Vet Sci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Virus Dis, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Markoff, L (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Off Vaccines Res & Review, Lab Vector Borne Virus Dis, Bldg 29A,Room 1B17, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 42 TC 50 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 76 IS 7 BP 3318 EP 3328 DI 10.1128/JVI.76.7.3318-3328.2002 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA 529ZE UT WOS:000174330500025 PM 11884557 ER PT J AU Liang, MH Geisbert, T Yao, Y Hinrichs, SH Giam, CZ AF Liang, MH Geisbert, T Yao, Y Hinrichs, SH Giam, CZ TI Human T-lymphotropic virus type I oncoprotein tax promotes S-phase entry but blocks mitosis SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID NF-KAPPA-B; CELL-CYCLE PROGRESSION; TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATOR TAX; CREB BINDING-PROTEIN; DNA-BINDING; 21-BASE-PAIR REPEATS; TRANSACTIVATOR TAX; RETROVIRAL VECTORS; LEUKEMIA-LYMPHOMA; BZIP PROTEINS AB Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) Tax exerts pleiotropic effects on multiple cellular regulatory processes to bring about NF-kappaB activation, aberrant cell cycle progression, and cell transformation. Here we report that Tax stimulates cellular G(1)/S entry but blocks mitosis. Tax expression in naive cells transduced with a retroviral vector, pBabe-Tax, leads to a significant increase in the number of cells in the S phase, with an accompanying rise in the population of cells with a DNA content of 4N or more. In all cell types tested, including BHK-21, mouse NIH 3T3, and human diploid fibroblast WI-38, Tax causes an uncoupling of DNA synthesis from cell division, resulting in the formation of multinucleated giant cells and cells with decondensed, highly convoluted and lobulated nuclei that are reminiscent of the large lymphocytes with cleaved or cerebriform nuclei seen in HTLV-1-positive individuals. This contrasts with the Tax-transformed cell lines, PX1 (fibroblast) and MT4 (lymphocyte), which produce Tax at high levels, but without the accompanying late-stage cell cycle abnormalities. PX1 and MT4 may have been selected to harbor somatic mutations that allow a bypass of the Tax-induced block in mitosis. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Univ Nebraska, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol & Microbiol, Omaha, NE USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Pathol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Giam, CZ (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA048709, R01 CA075688, R01 CA48709, R01 CA/GM 75688]; NIGMS NIH HHS [F32 GM075688] NR 69 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 76 IS 8 BP 4022 EP 4033 DI 10.1128/JVI.76.8.4022-4033.2002 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA 533GG UT WOS:000174520600044 PM 11907241 ER PT J AU Eberwein, C Ham, JC LaLonde, RJ AF Eberwein, C Ham, JC LaLonde, RJ TI Alternative methods of estimating program effects in event history models SO LABOUR ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE duration models; duration of dependence ID UNEMPLOYMENT-INSURANCE; DURATION; SPELLS; IMPACT; WORK AB This paper first investigates the sensitivity of estimates of duration models to the specification of duration dependence. Using data from an experiment involving disadvantaged women in the U.S., we find that estimates of the parameters of hazard models are not sensitive to the way one models duration dependence as long as one uses a flexible functional form. We find that estimates of the expected duration in a state are insensitive to the way one models duration dependence if long spells are observed in the data, but that these are very sensitive to the specification when there are only relatively short spells in the data. We propose and implement alternative summary measures based on the median duration in a spell and show that these are quite robust to the specification of duration dependence. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ohio State Univ, Ctr Human Resource Res, Columbus, OH 43221 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Econ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Chicago, Harris Grad Sch Publ Studies, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. USA, New York, NY USA. Natl Bur Econ Res, New York, NY 10003 USA. RP Eberwein, C (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Ctr Human Resource Res, 921 Chathan Lane,Suite 100, Columbus, OH 43221 USA. NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-5371 J9 LABOUR ECON JI Labour Econ. PD APR PY 2002 VL 9 IS 2 SI SI BP 249 EP 278 AR PII S0927-5371(02)00005-2 DI 10.1016/S0927-5371(02)00005-2 PG 30 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 569WZ UT WOS:000176626800005 ER PT J AU Wongsrichanalai, C Pickard, AL Wernsdorfer, WH Meshnick, SR AF Wongsrichanalai, C Pickard, AL Wernsdorfer, WH Meshnick, SR TI Epidemiology of drug-resistant malaria SO LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Review ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; IN-VITRO SUSCEPTIBILITY; PYRIMETHAMINE-SULFADOXINE RESISTANCE; CHLOROQUINE-RESISTANCE; DIHYDROPTEROATE SYNTHASE; DIHYDROFOLATE-REDUCTASE; AMAZON REGION; ANTIMALARIAL-DRUGS; PFMDR1 GENE; MEFLOQUINE RESISTANCE AB Since the first reports of chloroquine-resistant falciparum malaria in southeast Asia and South America almost half a century ago, drug-resistant malaria has posed a major problem in malaria control. By the late 1980s, resistance to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and to mefloquine was also prevalent on the Thai-Cambodian and Thai-Myanmar (Thai-Burmese) borders, rendering them established multidrug-resistant (MDR) areas. Chloroquine resistance spread across Africa during the 1980s, and severe resistance is especially found in east Africa. As a result, more than ten African countries have switched their first-line drug to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine. Of great concern is the fact that the efficacy of this drug in Africa is progressively deteriorating, especially in foci in east Africa, which are classified as emerging MDR areas. Urgent efforts are needed to lengthen the lifespan of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and to identify effective, affordable, alternative antimalarial regimens. Molecular markers for antimalarial resistance have been identified, including pfcrt polymorphisms associated with chloroquine resistance and dhfr and dhps polymorphisms associated with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine resistance. Polymorphisms in pfmdr1 may also be associated with resistance to chloroquine, mefloquine, quinine, and artemisinin. Use of such genetic information for the early detection of resistance foci and future monitoring of drug-resistant malaria is a potentially useful epidemiological tool, in conjunction with the conventional in-vivo and in-vitro drug-sensitivity assessments. This review describes the various features of drug resistance in Plasmodium falciparum, including its determinants, current status in diverse geographical areas, molecular markers, and their implications. C1 Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ Vienna, Inst Pathophysiol, Dept Specif Prophylaxis & Trop Med, Vienna, Austria. RP Wongsrichanalai, C (reprint author), Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, 315-6 Rajvithi Rd, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 45426] NR 74 TC 483 Z9 497 U1 5 U2 97 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1473-3099 J9 LANCET INFECT DIS JI Lancet Infect. Dis. PD APR PY 2002 VL 2 IS 4 BP 209 EP 218 DI 10.1016/S1473-3099(02)00239-6 PG 10 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 560WE UT WOS:000176103700017 PM 11937421 ER PT J AU Nindl, BC Kraemer, WJ Arciero, PJ Samatallee, N Leone, CD Mayo, MF Hafeman, DL AF Nindl, BC Kraemer, WJ Arciero, PJ Samatallee, N Leone, CD Mayo, MF Hafeman, DL TI Leptin concentrations experience a delayed reduction after resistance exercise in men SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Article DE hormone responses; energy expenditure; resting energy expenditure; weight lifting; strength training; adipose tissue ID LOW-ENERGY AVAILABILITY; SHORT-TERM EXERCISE; SERUM LEPTIN; PLASMA LEPTIN; AEROBIC EXERCISE; WOMEN; PERSPECTIVES; HORMONE; STRESS; HUMANS AB Purpose: Leptin is an important metabolic hormone providing the brain with information concerning energy balance. Most studies hake reported that circulating leptin concentrations are unaltered by acute, moderate exercise. We hypothesized that these studies have been limited by short sampling schemes (<4 h) postexercise and may have missed a time-delayed reduction in circulating leptin concentrations, Methods: Ten men (age = 21 +/- 1 yr, height = 177 +/- 2 cm, body mass = 79 +/- 3 kg, body fat = 11 +/- 1% BF3 (V)over dotO(2max) = 51 +/- 1 mL(.)kg(-1.)min(-1)) completed an acute heavy-resistance exercise protocol (AHREP) (50 total sets comprised of the squat, bench press, leg press, and lat pull-down) from 1500 to 1700 h, Blood was sampled hourly postexercise until 0600 h the next morning and also during a time-matched control period, Leptin concentrations were measured by an immunoradiometric assay. Resting energy expenditure (REE) was measured via indirect calorimetry using a ventilated hood beginning similar to0600 h after both overnight conditions. Results: The estimated caloric expenditure from the AHREP was 856 +/- 114 kcal, No significant differences (P > 0.05) between the control and exercise conditions were observed for serum leptin concentrations until 9 h postexercise, Significant interaction effects (P < 0.05) indicated lower serum leptin concentrations postexercise at hours 9 (2.9 vs 2.2 ng(.)mL(-1)), 10 (2.7 vs 2.0 ng(.)mL(-1)), 12 (2.5 vs 1.8 ng(.)mL(-1)), and 13 (2.6 vs 1.8 ng(.)mL(-1)). This delayed reduction was accompanied by a 12% elevation (P < 0.05) in morning-after REE (0.25 +/- 0.02 vs 0.28 +/- 0.02 L(.)min(-1)). Conclusion: Leptin concentrations experience a delayed (similar to 9 h) reduction in the systemic circulation after acute resistance exercise. This decline is likely associated with the disruption in metabolic homeostasis created by the high-intensity, long-duration, energy expenditure and subsequent exceed post oxygen consumption from the AHREP and is not due to losses in fat mass. C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Mil Performance Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Cent Lab, Res Support Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Kinesiol, Human Performance Lab, Storrs, CT USA. Skidmore Coll, Dept Exercise Sci, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Kinesiol, Intercoll Grad Program Physiol, Noll Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Kinesiol, Gen Clin Res Ctr, Noll Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Nindl, BC (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Mil Performance Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01 RR 10732] NR 25 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD APR PY 2002 VL 34 IS 4 BP 608 EP 613 DI 10.1097/00005768-200204000-00008 PG 6 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 538ZZ UT WOS:000174846100008 PM 11932568 ER PT J AU Harcke, HT Schauer, DA Harris, RM Campman, SC Lonergan, GJ AF Harcke, HT Schauer, DA Harris, RM Campman, SC Lonergan, GJ TI Imaging body armor SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB This study examined the feasibility of performing radiographic studies on patients wearing standard-issue body armor. The Kevlar helmet, fragmentation vest, demining suit sleeve, and armor plate were studied with plain film and computed tomography in a simulated casualty situation. We found that the military helmet contains metal screws and metal clips in the headband, but diagnostic computed tomographic images can be obtained. Kevlar, the principal component of soft armor, has favorable photon attenuation characteristics. Plate armor of composite material also did not limit radiographic studies. Therefore, when medically advantageous, patients can be examined radiographically while wearing standard military body armor. Civilian emergency rooms should be aware of these observations because law enforcement officers wear similar protective armor. C1 Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Radiol Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Radiol & Nucl Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. USA, Med Res & Mat Command, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Off Armed Forces Med Examiner, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Harcke, HT (reprint author), Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Radiol Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD APR PY 2002 VL 167 IS 4 BP 267 EP 271 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DT UT WOS:000181420500001 PM 11977874 ER PT J AU Saengdidtha, B Lapparat, G Torugsa, K Suppadit, W Wakai, S AF Saengdidtha, B Lapparat, G Torugsa, K Suppadit, W Wakai, S TI Sexual behaviors and human immunodeficiency virus infection among Thai army conscripts between 1992 and 1998 SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID 100-PERCENT CONDOM PROGRAM; TRANSMITTED DISEASES; HIV-1 INFECTION; MEN; WORKERS; HIV/AIDS AB This study examined changes in sexual behavior among Thai army conscripts from 1992 to 1998 in association with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seroprevalence. The sexual behavior survey was started in 1992 during the epidemic of HIV infection in Thailand, when sexual transmission was the most common route and young men were at high risk, and it has continued yearly since 1995. The self-reported questionnaires were administered to randomly selected conscripts (N = 294 in 1992, N > 4,000 in 1995-1998), and trends in sexual behaviors were studied. The results showed that risky sexual behaviors generally decreased in relation to the decline in HIV seroprevalence, but the conscripts still engage in risky sexual behaviors. Appropriate interventions should be implemented to change these behaviors. The periodic sexual behavior surveys will be useful in evaluating program outcomes and planning for future interventions. C1 Royal Thai Army Med Dept, Div Prevent Med, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Royal Thai Army Med Dept, Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Univ Tokyo, Fac Med, Dept Int Community Hlth, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. RP Saengdidtha, B (reprint author), Royal Thai Army Med Dept, Div Prevent Med, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. NR 35 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD APR PY 2002 VL 167 IS 4 BP 272 EP 276 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DT UT WOS:000181420500002 PM 11977875 ER PT J AU Morris, MJ Grbach, VX Deal, LE Boyd, SYN Morgan, JA Johnson, JE AF Morris, MJ Grbach, VX Deal, LE Boyd, SYN Morgan, JA Johnson, JE TI Evaluation of exertional dyspnea in the active duty patient: The diagnostic approach and the utility of clinical testing SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID DIFFUSING-CAPACITY; NORMAL VALUES; METHACHOLINE; ADULTS AB Introduction: Minimal information currently exists on how clinicians should approach the evaluation of the young patient with exertional dyspnea. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of specific diseases and the most useful tests to establish the diagnosis in an active duty military population presenting with exertional dyspnea. Methods: A total of 105 active duty military patients with complaints of exertional dyspnea and 69 active duty military asymptomatic controls were evaluated at a pulmonary disease clinic at an Army tertiary care center. All patients and controls underwent a standard evaluation that included history, physical examination, chest radiography (CXR), arterial blood gas testing, laboratory testing, full pulmonary function testing (PFT), inspiratory and expiratory pressure determinations, methacholine challenge testing, cardiopulmonary exercise testing, electrocardiography, and echocardiography. Results: Obstructive lung disease was found in 52% of patients (35% with exercise-induced asthma and 12% with asthma), 10% had vocal cord dysfunction, and 14% had other diagnoses. Twenty-four percent of patients had no specific diagnosis. Methacholine challenge testing yielded a positive diagnosis in 41% of patients and spirometry in 16%. Other pulmonary tests were of limited value, with abnormal values of 11.4% for full PFT, 2.9% for arterial blood gas testing, and 0.4% for CXR. Laboratory evaluation yielded positive results in less than 5% of patients, and cardiac evaluation was normal in all patients. Conclusions: Various forms of obstructive lung disease and vocal cord dysfunction were the most common findings in this group. The routine use of spirometry and bronchoprovocation testing is warranted, but other tests, such as full PFT, CXR, and cardiac and laboratory evaluations, have limited diagnostic value in this population. C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Pulm Dis Crit Care Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Serv Cardiol, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Morris, MJ (reprint author), Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Pulm Dis Crit Care Serv, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 18 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD APR PY 2002 VL 167 IS 4 BP 281 EP 288 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DT UT WOS:000181420500004 PM 11977877 ER PT J AU Mair, E Freedman, BA AF Mair, E Freedman, BA TI Major General Paul H. Streit, the first military otolaryngologist SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Mair, E (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, 6900 Georgia Ave, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD APR PY 2002 VL 167 IS 4 BP 292 EP 295 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DT UT WOS:000181420500006 ER PT J AU Hastings, DL Jardine, S AF Hastings, DL Jardine, S TI The relationship between air particulate levels and upper respiratory disease in soldiers deployed to Bosnia (1997-1998) SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID DAILY MORTALITY; HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS; PULMONARY-FUNCTION; POLLUTION AB The objective of this study was to determine whether there was a relationship between levels of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 10 win (PM10) and upper respiratory disease (URD) rates in soldiers deployed to Bosnia in 1997 and 1998. PM10 levels were divided into quartiles and upper and lower 50th percentiles. When all camps were combined, there was a statistically significant association between the PM10 maximum level and URD rates based on Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests, and the Pearson correlation was statistically significant. Although the relationship was not statistically significant in analyses conducted of the individual camps, the average URD rate increased with each quartile of PM10 maximum exposure. There was no statistically significant association between PM10 average exposure and URD rates, although the average URD rate increased with each quartile of PM10 average exposure. Although these results are not conclusive, there appears to be a relationship between PM10 levels and URD rates in soldiers deployed to Bosnia in 1997 and 1998. C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Directorate Epidemiol & Dis Surveillance, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Hastings, DL (reprint author), USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Directorate Epidemiol & Dis Surveillance, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD APR PY 2002 VL 167 IS 4 BP 296 EP 303 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DT UT WOS:000181420500007 PM 11977880 ER PT J AU Abbott, KC Oliver, DK Boal, TR Gadiyak, G Boocks, C Yuan, CM Welch, PG Poropatich, RK AF Abbott, KC Oliver, DK Boal, TR Gadiyak, G Boocks, C Yuan, CM Welch, PG Poropatich, RK TI International use of an academic nephrology World Wide Web site: From medical information resource to business tool SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HEALTH AB Background: Studies of the use of the World Wide Web to obtain medical knowledge have largely focused on patients. In particular, neither the international use of academic nephrology World Wide Web sites (websites) as primary information sources nor the use of search engines (and search strategies) to obtain medical information have been described. Methods: Visits ("hits") to the Walter Reed Army Medical Center (WRAMC) Nephrology Service website from April 30, 2000, to March 14, 2001, were analyzed for the location of originating source using Webtrends, and search engines (Google, Lycos, etc.) were analyzed manually for search strategies used. Results: From April 30, 2000 to March 14, 2001, the WRAMC Nephrology Service website received 1,007,103 hits and 12,175 visits. These visits were from 33 different countries, and the most frequent regions were Western Europe, Asia, Australia, the Middle East, Pacific Islands, and South America. The most frequent organization using the site was the military Internet system, followed by America Online and automated search programs of online search engines, most commonly Google. The online lecture series was the most frequently visited section of the website. Search strategies used in search engines were extremely technical. Conclusions: The use of "robots" by standard Internet search engines to locate websites, which may be blocked by mandatory registration, has allowed users worldwide to access the WRAMC Nephrology Service website to answer very technical questions. This suggests that it is being used as an alternative to other primary sources of medical information and that the use of mandatory registration may hinder users from finding valuable sites. With current Internet technology, even a single service can become a worldwide information resource without sacrificing its primary customers. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Nephrol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Telemed Directorate, N Atlantic Reg Med Command, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Abbott, KC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Nephrol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. OI Abbott, Kevin/0000-0003-2111-7112 NR 8 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD APR PY 2002 VL 167 IS 4 BP 326 EP 330 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DT UT WOS:000181420500013 PM 11977886 ER PT J AU Murnyak, GR Spencer, CO Chaney, AE Roberts, WC AF Murnyak, GR Spencer, CO Chaney, AE Roberts, WC TI The evolution of a health hazard assessment database management system for military weapons, equipment, and materiel SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB During the 1970s, the Army health hazard assessment (HHA) process developed as a medical program to minimize hazards in military materiel during the development process. The HHA Program characterizes health hazards that soldiers and civilians may encounter as they interact with military weapons and equipment. Thus, it is a resource for medical planners and advisors to use that can identify and estimate potential hazards that soldiers may encounter as they train and conduct missions. The U.S. Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine administers the program, which is integrated with the Army's Manpower and Personnel Integration program. As the HHA Program has matured, an electronic database has been developed to record and monitor the health hazards associated with military equipment and systems. The current database tracks the results of HHAs and provides reporting designed to assist the HHA Program manager in daily activities. C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Logist Managment Inst, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn Adv Mil Med, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. RP Murnyak, GR (reprint author), USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD APR PY 2002 VL 167 IS 4 BP 331 EP 342 PG 12 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DT UT WOS:000181420500014 PM 11977887 ER PT J AU Yuan, CM Sherner, JH AF Yuan, CM Sherner, JH TI A 20-year-old army private with leg pain, fever, and collapse during a forced road march SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ACUTE-RENAL-FAILURE; TRAUMATIC RHABDOMYOLYSIS; HEAT C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Yuan, CM (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, 6900 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD APR PY 2002 VL 167 IS 4 BP 363 EP 366 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DT UT WOS:000181420500019 PM 11977892 ER PT J AU Rife, DL Warner, TT Chen, F Astling, EG AF Rife, DL Warner, TT Chen, F Astling, EG TI Mechanisms for diurnal boundary layer circulations in the Great Basin Desert SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID SALT-LAKE; MODEL; COLORADO; WEATHER; SYSTEM; VEGETATION; PREDICTION; EVOLUTION; MOISTURE; BREEZE AB The purpose of this observation- and model-based study of the Great Basin Desert boundary layer is to illustrate the variety of locally forced circulations that can affect such an area during a diurnal cycle. The area of the Great Basin Desert (or Great Salt Lake Desert) that is studied is located to the southwest of Salt Lake City, Utah. It is characteristic of the arid "basin and range'' province of North America in that it contains complex terrain, varied vegetation and substrates, and high water tables associated with salt-encrusted basin flats (playas). The study area is especially well instrumented with surface meteorological stations operated by the U. S. Army's West Desert Test Center and a collection of cooperating mesonets in northeastern Utah. The study period was chosen based on the availability of special radiosonde data in this area. One of the processes that is documented here that is unique to desert environments is the salt breeze that forms around the edge of playas as a result of differential heating. The data and model solution depict the diurnal cycle of the salt breeze, wherein there is on-playa flow at night and off-playa flow during daylight. There is also a multiplicity of drainage flows that influence the study area at different times of the night, from both local and distant terrain. Finally, the lake-breeze front from the Great Salt Lake and Utah Lake progresses through the complex terrain during the day, to interact with early mountain drainage flow near sunset. C1 Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, RAP, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Univ Colorado, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO USA. USA, W Desert Test Ctr, Dugway Proving Ground, Dugway, UT USA. RP Rife, DL (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, RAP, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM drife@ucar.edu RI Chen, Fei/B-1747-2009 NR 43 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD APR PY 2002 VL 130 IS 4 BP 921 EP 938 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(2002)130<0921:MFDBLC>2.0.CO;2 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 527WQ UT WOS:000174211300009 ER PT J AU Kronenberg, S Brucker, GJ Jordan, T Bechtel, E Gentner, F Groeber, E AF Kronenberg, S Brucker, GJ Jordan, T Bechtel, E Gentner, F Groeber, E TI Experimental verification of NOVICE transport code predictions of electron distributions from targets SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article ID GAMMA-RADIATION; IMAGING SOURCES; X-RADIATION; PHOTON AB This paper reports the results of experiments that were designed to check the validity of the NOVICE Adjoint Monte Carlo Transport code in predicting emission-electron distributions from irradiated targets. Previous work demonstrated that the code accurately calculated total electron yields from irradiated targets. In this investigation, a gold target was irradiated by X-rays with effective quantum energies of 79, 127, 174, 216, and 250 keV. Spectra of electrons from the target were measured for an incident photon angle of 45degrees, an emission-electron polar angle of 45degrees, azimuthal angles of 0degrees and 180degrees, and in both the forward and backward directions. NOVICE was used to predict those electron-energy-distributions for the same set of experimental conditions. The agreement in shape of the theoretical and experimental distributions was good. Whereas the absolute agreement in amplitude was within about a factor of 2 over most of the energy range of the spectra. Previous experimental and theoretical comparisons together with these results show that the code can be used to simulate the generation physics of those distributions. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USA, CECOM, Ft Monmouth, NJ USA. USA, NBC Def Syst, RADIAC Project Off, Ft Monmouth, NJ USA. RP Kronenberg, S (reprint author), 18 Cheryl Dr, W Long Branch, NJ 07764 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD APR 1 PY 2002 VL 481 IS 1-3 BP 696 EP 707 AR PII S0168-9002(01)01336-5 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)01336-5 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 550KR UT WOS:000175502700070 ER PT J AU Miller, FR Watson, D Malis, D AF Miller, FR Watson, D Malis, D TI Role of the tongue base suspension suture with The Repose System bone screw in the multilevel surgical management of obstructive sleep apnea SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Otolaryngology-Head-and-Neck-Surgery CY SEP 09-14, 2001 CL DENVER, COLORADO SP Amer Acad Otolayngol Head Neck Surg ID LONG-TERM COMPLIANCE; UVULOPALATOPHARYNGOPLASTY; AIRWAY; EXPERIENCE; EFFICACY AB OBJECTIVE: The Repose System (tongue base suspension) is a new, minimally invasive technique for tongue base suspension in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea. The purpose of this project was to describe our preliminary experience using this tongue base suspension system In conjunction with uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) in the multilevel surgical approach to the management of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). STUDY DESIGN: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 19 consecutive patients undergoing UPPP and The Repose System tongue base suspension for the management of obstructive sleep apnea during a 1-year period (1998 through 1999). RESULTS: Fifteen patients (11 men and 4 women) had complete preoperative and postoperative polysomnographic data. A 46% reduction In the preoperative respiratory disturbance Index (RDI) (38.7 +/- 12.3) versus the postoperative RDI (21.0 +/- 7.4, P < 0.05) was demonstrated at a mean of 3.8 months after surgery. The apnea Index demonstrated a 39% reduction. The surgical cure rate was 20% (3 of 15 patients). CONCLUSIONS: The Repose System in conjunction with UPPP has been shown to produce significant reductions in the RDI and apnea index as well as a significant increase in O-2 saturation. Despite the improvement in these objective parameters, the overall surgical cure rate was only 20% (3 of 15 patients) in this retrospective series. Further research is warranted to define the role of The Repose System in the management of obstructive sleep apnea patients with multilevel airway obstruction. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. RP Miller, FR (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr,Code 7777, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. NR 23 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD APR PY 2002 VL 126 IS 4 BP 392 EP 398 DI 10.1067/mhn.2002.123548 PG 7 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 550TB UT WOS:000175517800009 PM 11997779 ER PT J AU Goodenough, MF Watford, D Powers, PA Poth, MA AF Goodenough, MF Watford, D Powers, PA Poth, MA TI Inadequacy of in-school support for children and adolescent with diabetes SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2002 VL 51 IS 4 SU S MA 717 BP 123A EP 123A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 536RA UT WOS:000174714600718 ER PT J AU Moores, R Park, D Patel, A Bauer, A Fileta, B Abdelrahim, M Tuttle, RM Ringel, M Francis, G AF Moores, R Park, D Patel, A Bauer, A Fileta, B Abdelrahim, M Tuttle, RM Ringel, M Francis, G TI In vitro expression of a 60 kD phosphoprotein is increased in anaplastic (ATC) compared to less aggressive (NPA) thyroid cancer cells SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USUHS, Bethesda, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, New York, NY 10021 USA. Washington Hosp Ctr, Washington, DC 20010 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2002 VL 51 IS 4 SU S MA 734 BP 126A EP 126A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 536RA UT WOS:000174714600735 ER PT J AU O'Neill, EK Harper, BS AF O'Neill, EK Harper, BS TI Kawasaki Disease presenting as abdominal pain SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Bethesda, MD 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2002 VL 51 IS 4 SU S MA 1283 BP 220A EP 221A PN 2 PG 2 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 536RA UT WOS:000174714601282 ER PT J AU Pitney, A Fox, E Cole, D Widemann, B Balis, F AF Pitney, A Fox, E Cole, D Widemann, B Balis, F TI Comparison of farnesyltransferase (FTase) activity in normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and leukemia blasts (LBs) from children with acute leukemia SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NCI, Pediat Oncol Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2002 VL 51 IS 4 SU S MA 1365 BP 234A EP 235A PN 2 PG 2 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 536RA UT WOS:000174714601364 ER PT J AU Munavalli, S Rohrbaugh, DK Wagner, GW Longo, FR Durst, HD AF Munavalli, S Rohrbaugh, DK Wagner, GW Longo, FR Durst, HD TI Microwave induced reaction of H-dimethylphosphonate with styrene oxide SO PHOSPHORUS SULFUR AND SILICON AND THE RELATED ELEMENTS LA English DT Article DE free radical reaction; H-phosphonate; hydrophosphorylation; styrene oxide ID ORGANIC-SYNTHESIS; REARRANGEMENT; CHEMISTRY; EFFICIENT; EPOXIDES; OXIRANES; OVENS; ACID AB Microwave catalyzed reaction of a neat mixture of styrene oxide and H-dimethylphosphonate furnished dimethyl methylphosphonate, trimethylphosphate, phenylacetaldehyde, 1-methoxy-2-phenylethanol, 1-phenylethleneglycol, cis- and trans-1,3-diphenylcyclobutanes, hydrogen 1-(2-phenylethyl)methylphosphinate, (1-phenylethyl)dimethylphosphonate, and (1-phenylethyl)dimethylphosphonate via free radical processes. C1 Geocenters Inc, Gunpowder Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Munavalli, S (reprint author), Geocenters Inc, Gunpowder Branch, POB 68, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 56 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1042-6507 J9 PHOSPHORUS SULFUR JI Phosphorus Sulfur Silicon Relat. Elem. PD APR PY 2002 VL 177 IS 4 BP 781 EP 789 DI 10.1080/10426500210668 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 574KW UT WOS:000176889500004 ER PT J AU Munavalli, S Rohrbaugh, DK Rossman, DI Wagner, WG Durst, HD AF Munavalli, S Rohrbaugh, DK Rossman, DI Wagner, WG Durst, HD TI Trifluoromethylthiolation of trimethylsilyl enol ethers SO PHOSPHORUS SULFUR AND SILICON AND THE RELATED ELEMENTS LA English DT Article DE trifluoromethylthiolation; trimethylsilyl enol ethers; trifluoromethylthiolated carbonyl derivatives ID GRIGNARD-REAGENTS; ORGANIC-SYNTHESIS; ALDEHYDES; ALPHA; SULFIDES AB The treatment of bis-(1,2-trimethylsilyloxy)-1-cyclobutene, 1-(1-trimethylsilyloxy)cyclpentene and 1-(1-trimethylsilyloxy)cyclohexene with trifluoromethylsulfenyl chloride has been found to furnish trifluoromethylthiolated carbonyl derivatives. C1 Geocenters Inc, Gunpowder Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Munavalli, S (reprint author), Geocenters Inc, Gunpowder Branch, POB 68, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 57 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1042-6507 J9 PHOSPHORUS SULFUR JI Phosphorus Sulfur Silicon Relat. Elem. PD APR PY 2002 VL 177 IS 4 BP 1021 EP 1031 DI 10.1080/10426500210666 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 574KW UT WOS:000176889500025 ER PT J AU Ball, A Broadbent, J Moore, C AF Ball, A Broadbent, J Moore, C TI Best value and the control of local government: Challenges and contradictions SO PUBLIC MONEY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article AB This article offers some understanding of the early experience of implementation is dependent on how local government understands the concept; what local government is able to deliver; and what central government is prepared to accept. For the case study authority described in this article, Best Value is understood to depend on three deliverable 'cornerstones', embedded in a context that emphasises accountability, seeks to develop 'learning' and pursues change in organizational culture, emphasising the tenets of 'business excellence'. The authors conclude that Best Value represents an unusual cocktail of top-down concept and bottom-up realization, providing a new twist in the control of the local government sector. C1 Univ London, Royal Holloway & Bedford New Coll, London WC1E 7HU, England. USA, Publ Sector, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Ball, A (reprint author), Univ London, Royal Holloway & Bedford New Coll, London WC1E 7HU, England. NR 26 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0954-0962 J9 PUBLIC MONEY MANAGE JI Public Money Manage. PD APR-JUN PY 2002 VL 22 IS 2 BP 9 EP 16 DI 10.1111/1467-9302.00302 PG 8 WC Public Administration SC Public Administration GA 548VC UT WOS:000175409700005 ER PT J AU Das, NC AF Das, NC TI Release of multi-layer metal structure in MEMS devices by dry etching technique SO SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE MEMS devices; plasma etching; photoresist; micromirror ID OXYGEN PLASMA AB Reactive ion etching technique was used to remove interleave photoresist layer for free standing metal structure in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) devices. Mixture of oxygen and CF4 gas was used to get isotropic etching profile. Etching process was optimized to get large metal structure of 100 x 100 mum(2) without any surface bending. The etching rate of 0.7 mum/min at 60 W of RIE plasma power is found to be optimum process for the particular application. The reported dry release technique is fully compatible with standard silicon IC processing and hence can be used for hybridize process used in MEMS array application. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Raytheon Co, ITSS, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RP Das, NC (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, SE EM, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 7 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1101 J9 SOLID STATE ELECTRON JI Solid-State Electron. PD APR PY 2002 VL 46 IS 4 BP 501 EP 504 AR PII S0038-1101(01)00301-X DI 10.1016/S0038-1101(01)00301-X PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 551EH UT WOS:000175546200008 ER PT J AU Rossettos, JN Godfrey, TA AF Rossettos, JN Godfrey, TA TI Hybrid effect at fiber breaks in twisted blended yarns SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PLAIN WEAVE FABRICS AB A previously developed micromechanical model is used to formulate the problem of a blended yarn, consisting of low elongation (LE) and high elongation (HE) fibers undergoing axial extension, with a fiber break in the central region of the hybrid fiber array. A hybrid parameter R, which is the ratio of the axial stiffness of the HE fibers to that of the LE fibers, is shown to have an important effect on the intact fiber stress concentration factor (SCF), and the broken fiber slip extent at the fiber break. While the SCF increases for HE fibers adjacent to broken LE fibers, it decreases for LE fibers adjacent to broken HE fibers as R takes on values away from unity (homogeneous yarn). Higher loading can therefore be sustained by the LE fibers, and a beneficial hybrid effect can be realized. C1 Northeastern Univ, Dept Mech Ind & Mfg Engn, Boston, MA 02115 USA. USA, Soldier & Biol Chem Compound, Natick Soldier Ctr, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Rossettos, JN (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, Dept Mech Ind & Mfg Engn, Boston, MA 02115 USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU TEXTILE RESEARCH INST PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 625, PRINCETON, NJ 08540 USA SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD APR PY 2002 VL 72 IS 4 BP 313 EP 319 DI 10.1177/004051750207200407 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA 543NN UT WOS:000175108200007 ER PT J AU Stocker, DJ Foster, SS Solomon, BL Shriver, CD Burch, HB AF Stocker, DJ Foster, SS Solomon, BL Shriver, CD Burch, HB TI Thyroid cancer yield in patients with Graves' disease selected for surgery on the basis of cold scintiscan defects SO THYROID LA English DT Article ID CONCURRENT HYPERTHYROIDISM; CARCINOMA; PAPILLARY; NODULES; THERAPY AB Previous studies have suggested that thyroid nodules found in patients with Graves' disease (GD) have a higher likelihood of being malignant, and that thyroid cancer behaves more aggressively when associated with GD, although both of these assertions remain controversial. The purpose of this study was to assess the frequency of cold scintiscan (SC) defects in patients with GD, and to determine the prevalence of thyroid cancer in such patients. Our secondary objective was to determine if there are any risk factors for developing cold defects by comparing clinical characteristics of both GD patients with cold SC defects and age and gender-matched GD patients without cold defects. We included in this analysis patients with a confirmed diagnosis of GD for whom SC results and adequate follow-up information were available. Clinic records were available in 772 patients with GD. Of these, 325 patients met eligibility criteria. Cold defects were found in 39 of 325 (12.0%) patients. Among these, 22 (56.4%) were referred for surgery, of whom 6 (1.85% of all GD patients, 15.2% of GD patients with cold nodules, 25% of GD patients with palpable nodules, and 27.3% of those undergoing surgery) had papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) in the location corresponding to the SC defect. In 2 PTC patients, no palpable abnormality corresponded to the cold defect found to contain cancer at surgery. One PTC patient was found to have metastatic disease to bone, and 2 additional PTC patients required multiple therapies with radioiodine. Compared to age and gender-matched control patients with GD and without cold SC defects, there were no differences in radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU), goiter size, duration of disease, degree of elevation in microsomal antibody (MA) titers, or thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI). We conclude that thyroid scintigraphy is an important preliminary test in the evaluation of patients with GD, and that the prevalence of thyroid cancer in the location corresponding to a focal cold SC defect provides justification for further diagnostic evaluation or surgical management. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Endocrine Metab Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Endocrine Surg Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Burch, HB (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Endocrine Diabet & Metab Serv, 6900 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 22 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1050-7256 J9 THYROID JI Thyroid PD APR PY 2002 VL 12 IS 4 BP 305 EP 311 DI 10.1089/10507250252949432 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 547CV UT WOS:000175316200007 PM 12034055 ER PT J AU Mioduszewski, R Manthei, J Way, R Burnett, D Gaviola, B Muse, W Thomson, S Sommerville, D Crosier, R AF Mioduszewski, R Manthei, J Way, R Burnett, D Gaviola, B Muse, W Thomson, S Sommerville, D Crosier, R TI Interaction of exposure concentration and duration in determining acute toxic effects of sarin vapor in rats SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Biological Reactive Intermediates CY JUL 16-20, 2000 CL UNIV RENE DESCARTES, PARIS, FRANCE SP CNRS, European Commiss, US EPA, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci HO UNIV RENE DESCARTES DE Sarin; inhalation; exposure concentration; rat; lethality; miosis; mydriasis; cholinesterase; LC50; LCT50 ID CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITION; SOMAN TOXICITY; PLASMA; CARBOXYLESTERASE AB Sarin (GB) vapor exposure is associated with both systemic and local toxic effects occurring primarily via the inhalation and ocular routes. The objective of these studies was to develop models for predicting dose-response effects of GB vapor concentrations as a function of exposure duration. Thus, the probability of GB vapor-induced lethality was estimated in rats exposed to various combinations of exposure concentration and duration. Groups of male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to one of a series of GB vapor concentrations for a single duration (5-360 min) in a whole-body dynamic chamber. The onset of clinical signs and changes in blood cholinesterase activity were measured with each exposure. Separate effective concentrations for lethality in 50% of the exposed population (LC50) and corresponding dose-response slopes were determined for each exposure duration by the Bliss probit method. Contrary to that predicted by Haber's rule, the interaction of LC50 x time (LCT50) values increased with exposure duration (i.e., the CT for 50% lethality in the exposed population and corresponding dose-response slope was not constant over time). A plot of log (LCT50) versus log (exposure time) showed significant curvature. Predictive models derived from multifactor probit analysis of results describing the relationship between exposure conditions and probability of lethality in the rat are discussed. Overall, female rats were more sensitive to GB vapor toxicity than male rats over the range of exposure concentration and duration studied. Miosis was the initial clinical sign noted after the start of GB vapor exposure. Although blood cholinesterase activity was significantly inhibited by GB vapor exposure, poor correlation between cholinesterase inhibition and exposure conditions or cholinesterase inhibition and severity of clinical signs was noted. C1 USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, AMSSB RRT TT E3150, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Mioduszewski, R (reprint author), USA, Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, AMSSB RRT TT E3150, 5183 Blackhawk Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 25 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD APR PY 2002 VL 66 IS 2 BP 176 EP 184 DI 10.1093/toxsci/66.2.176 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 534CA UT WOS:000174566000002 PM 11896284 ER PT J AU Radil, KC Dellacorte, C AF Radil, KC Dellacorte, C TI The effect of journal roughness and foil coatings on the performance of heavily loaded foil air bearings SO TRIBOLOGY TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 56th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Tribologists-and-Lubrication-Engineers CY MAY 20-24, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Soc Tribologists Lubricat Engineers DE foil air bearings; solid lubrication; surface roughness; gas bearings AB Foil air bearing load capacity tests were conducted to investigate if a solid lubricant coating applied to the surface of the bearing's top foil can function as a break-in coating. Two foil coating materials, a conventional soft polymer film (polyimide) and a hard ceramic (alumina), were independently evaluated against as-ground and worn (run-in) journals coated with NASA PS304, a high-temperature solid lubricant composite coating. The foil coatings were evaluated at journal rotational speeds of 30,000 rpm and at 25degreesC. Tests were also performed on a foil bearing with a bare (uncoated) nickel-based superalloy top foil to establish a baseline for comparison. The test results indicate that the presence of a top foil solid lubricant coating is effective at increasing the load capacity performance of the foil bearing. Compared to the uncoated baseline, the addition of the soft polymer coating on the top foil increased the bearing load coefficient by 120 percent when operating against an as-ground journal surface and 85% against a run-in 0 journal surface. The alumina coating increased the load coefficient by 40 percent against the as-ground journal but did not have any effect when the bearing was operated with the run-in journal. The results suggest that the addition of solid lubricant films provide added lubrication when the air film is marginal, indicating that as the load capacity is approached foil air bearings transition from hydrodynamic to mixed and boundary lubrication. C1 NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, USA, Res Lab, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Radil, KC (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, USA, Res Lab, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. NR 13 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 10 PU SOC TRIBOLOGISTS & LUBRICATION ENGINEERS PI PARK RIDGE PA 840 BUSSE HIGHWAY, PARK RIDGE, IL 60068 USA SN 1040-2004 J9 TRIBOL T JI Tribol. Trans. PD APR PY 2002 VL 45 IS 2 BP 199 EP 204 DI 10.1080/10402000208982540 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 536CC UT WOS:000174682300009 ER PT J AU Chatham, JR Dykes, TE Kennon, WG Schwartz, BF AF Chatham, JR Dykes, TE Kennon, WG Schwartz, BF TI Effect of percutaneous nephrolithotomy on differential renal function as measured by mercaptoacetyl triglycine nuclear renography SO UROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the James C Kimbrough Urologic Seminar CY JAN 14-19, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA ID STAGHORN CALCULI; SCINTIGRAPHY; THERAPY AB Objectives. To determine the impact on differential renal function of percutaneous nephrolithotomy for complex renal calculi. Methods. From July 1999 to December 2000, 45 patients underwent percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Of these, 19 agreed to participate in the study. All patients completed a quantitative assessment of differential renal function preoperatively and postoperatively with technetium 99m mercaptoacetyl triglycine nuclear renography and serum creatinine measurements. Results. The mean patient age was 49 years (range 11 to 75) for the 13 female and 6 male patients. The mean stone burden was 1432 mm(2) (range 156 to 5220). The mean surgical time was 2,57 hours (range 1.17 to 5.08). The median hospital stay was 2.0 days (range 1 to 19). Of the 19 patients, 13 (68%) were stone free after one procedure. Four patients underwent ureteroscopy with stone extraction for residual fragments. One patient underwent secondary extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. One patient underwent nephrectomy for poor renal function. Renal function, for the entire group, increased from 36.8% preoperatively to 38.5% postoperatively. Renal function was preserved in 16 (84%) of 19 patients, including improvement of function in 7 (37%) of 19 patients. Serum creatinine was unchanged in the two groups. Conclusions. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy does not result in loss of renal function when treating complex renal calculi as measured by nuclear scintigraphy. Operative and hospitalization times were decreased compared with historical open nephrolithotomy and stone clearance was similar. (C) 2002, Elsevier Science Inc. C1 N Texas Ctr Laparoscopy & Stone Dis, Ft Worth, TX USA. Tripler Army Med Ctr, Serv Urol, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. RP Schwartz, BF (reprint author), Urol Associates N Texas, 1325 Penn Ave,Suite 550, Ft Worth, TX 76104 USA. NR 9 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0090-4295 J9 UROLOGY JI UROLOGY PD APR PY 2002 VL 59 IS 4 BP 522 EP 525 DI 10.1016/S0090-4295(02)01519-4 PG 4 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 536DX UT WOS:000174686400012 PM 11927303 ER PT J AU Pellegrino, PM Fell, NF Gillespie, JB AF Pellegrino, PM Fell, NF Gillespie, JB TI Enhanced spore detection using dipicolinate extraction techniques SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE dipicolinate extraction; endospore detection; terbium photoluminescence; dodecylamine ID PHOTOLUMINESCENCE AB We have developed a method for bacterial endospore detection based on the presence dipicolinic acid (dpa), a substance unique to endospores. Since the sensitivity of this technique correlates directly with the amount of dpa extracted from the spores, we examined several types of extraction techniques for their dpa extraction efficiency. The three main categories investigated are physical, germination, and chemical methods for liberation of dpa from B. subtilis endospores. Attention is concentrated on the speed, efficiency, and simplicity of the extraction techniques for optimization of endospore detection using terbium-dipicolinate photoluminescence. Although methods from all categories succeeded in extracting dpa. the technique utilizing heated dodecylamine (dda) extracted the majority of the available dpa in less than 3 min. Application of the dda extraction procedure to the terbium-dipicolinate photoluminescence method in conjunction with an increased detection capability resulted in a two-order of magnitude improvement in endospore detection. This combination of methods resulted the lowest reported limit of detection (LOD) (1000CFU/ml) for a terbium-dipicolinate photoluminescence method in the shortest reported time (5-7 min) for the total procedure. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 US Army Res Lab, ATTN, AMSRL SE EO, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Pellegrino, PM (reprint author), US Army Res Lab, ATTN, AMSRL SE EO, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 18 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD MAR 25 PY 2002 VL 455 IS 2 BP 167 EP 177 AR PII S0003-2670(01)01613-0 DI 10.1016/S0003-2670(01)01613-0 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 534KU UT WOS:000174586200001 ER PT J AU Kisin, MV Stroscio, MA Belenky, G Luryi, S AF Kisin, MV Stroscio, MA Belenky, G Luryi, S TI Electron-phonon resonance in InAs/GaSb type-II laser heterostructures SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE-QUANTUM-WELLS; POPULATION-INVERSION; DEVICES AB The rate of interband electron transitions assisted by LO-phonon emission is studied in an InAs/GaSb double quantum well heterostructure, which models the active region of a type-II intersubband cascade laser. The main peak of the electron-phonon resonance corresponds to electron transitions from the lowest electron-like subband to the top of the highest light-hole-like subband that is displaced from the center of the Brillouin zone due to the asymmetry of the InAs/GaSb double quantum well heterostructure. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Bioengn, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Kisin, MV (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 25 PY 2002 VL 80 IS 12 BP 2174 EP 2176 DI 10.1063/1.1462873 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 532WU UT WOS:000174498700044 ER PT J AU Bowden, RA Ding, ZM Donnachie, EM Petersen, TK Michael, LH Ballantyne, CM Burns, AR AF Bowden, RA Ding, ZM Donnachie, EM Petersen, TK Michael, LH Ballantyne, CM Burns, AR TI Role of alpha(4) integrin and VCAM-1 in CD18-independent neutrophil migration across mouse cardiac endothelium SO CIRCULATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE neutrophil; myocardium; reperfusion; vascular cell adhesion molecule-1; alpha(4) integrin ID REPERFUSION INJURY; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; MYOCARDIAL-ISCHEMIA; TRANSENDOTHELIAL MIGRATION; ADHESION MOLECULE-1; LEUKOCYTE ADHERENCE; TIGHT JUNCTIONS; RABBIT EAR; EMIGRATION; MICE AB wAbstract-Myocardial damage due to reperfusion of ischemic tissue is caused primarily by infiltrating neutrophils. Although leukocyte beta(2) integrins (CD18) play a critical role, significant neutrophil emigration persists when CD18 is neutralized or absent. This study examined the role of leukocyte g, integrin (alpha(4)) and its endothelial ligand VCAM-1 in CD18-independent neutrophil migration across cardiac endothelium. In a mouse model of myocardial ischemia and reperfusion, we show that compared with wild-type mice, neutrophil infiltration efficiency was reduced by 50% in CD18-null mice; in both types of mice, myocardial VCAM-1 staining increased after reperfusion. In wild-type mice, antibodies against CD18, ICAM-1 (an endothelial ligand for CD18), or VCAM-1 given 30 minutes before ischemia did not block neutrophil emigration at 3 hours reperfusion. Although anti-VCAM-1 attenuated neutrophil emigration by 90% in CD18-null mice, it did not diminish myocardial injury. To determine if CD18-independent neutrophil emigration was a tissue-specific response, we used isolated peripheral blood neutrophils from wild-type or CD18-null mice and showed neutrophil migration across lipopolysaccharide-activated cultured cardiac endothelium is CD18-independent, whereas migration across endothelium obtained from inferior vena cava is CD18-dependent. Consistent with our in vivo findings, migration of CD18-deficient neutrophils on cardiac endothelial monolayers is blocked by antibodies against alpha(4) integrin or VCAM-1. We conclude tissue-specific differences in endothelial cells account, at least partially, for CD18-independent neutrophil infiltration in the heart. C1 Baylor Coll Med, DeBakey Heart Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Immunol, Silver Spring, MD USA. Methodist Hosp, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Royal Vet & Agr Univ, Dept Clin Studies, Cent Lab, Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Burns, AR (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Med, Cardiovasc Sci Sect, Room 515B,1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RI Ballantyne, Christie/A-6599-2008 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-42550]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI-46773] NR 37 TC 77 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7330 J9 CIRC RES JI Circ.Res. PD MAR 22 PY 2002 VL 90 IS 5 BP 562 EP 569 DI 10.1161/01.RES.0000013835.53611.97 PG 8 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Hematology GA 535AR UT WOS:000174622400011 PM 11909820 ER PT J AU Bastille, AM Matthew, CB Sils, IV Gonzalez, RR AF Bastille, AM Matthew, CB Sils, IV Gonzalez, RR TI Effects of restraint during heat exposure on heart rate variability (HRV) in sedentary rats SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Thermal & Mt Med Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 22 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 5 BP A871 EP A871 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 534PC UT WOS:000174593900806 ER PT J AU Beekley, MD Brechue, WF AF Beekley, MD Brechue, WF TI Inhibition of carbonic anhydrase has no effect on muscle contractile properties or rate of fatigue in situ SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 22 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 5 BP A776 EP A776 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 534PC UT WOS:000174593900284 ER PT J AU Cassidy, RA Goodwin, CW AF Cassidy, RA Goodwin, CW TI The use of cytofluorometric measures to select a combination of therapies for inhibiting the inflammatory cascade SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 22 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 5 BP A966 EP A966 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 534PC UT WOS:000174593901337 ER PT J AU Claybaugh, JR Shiraki, K Mohri, M Lin, YC AF Claybaugh, JR Shiraki, K Mohri, M Lin, YC TI Renal and hormonal responses to 80% maximal exercise at 3 atmospheres absolute pressure. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. Univ Occupat & Environm Hlth, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 807, Japan. Japan Marine Sci & Technol Ctr, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237, Japan. Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 22 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 5 BP A1143 EP A1143 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 534PC UT WOS:000174593902305 ER PT J AU Convertino, VA AF Convertino, VA TI Baroreflex-mediated heart rate and vascular resistance responses 24 h after a single bout of maximal exercise SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 22 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 5 BP A1142 EP A1142 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 534PC UT WOS:000174593902300 ER PT J AU DeBus, S Spriggs, D Chang, FCT AF DeBus, S Spriggs, D Chang, FCT TI Preservation of acetylecholinesterase (AChE) with physostigmine and HI-6 increases CNS protection and survival following soman (GD) intoxication. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 22 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 5 BP A947 EP A947 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 534PC UT WOS:000174593901235 ER PT J AU Durkot, MJ AF Durkot, MJ TI Effects of chronic heat exposure (28d) on Na-K-ATPase activity and Na/K pumps in the rat SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Thermal & Mt Med Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 22 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 5 BP A870 EP A871 PN 2 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 534PC UT WOS:000174593900803 ER PT J AU Ishida, I Zhang, XP Carra, B Ray, P AF Ishida, I Zhang, XP Carra, B Ray, P TI RhoB turnover by the 26S proteasome via ubiquitination is a regulator of the cytoskeletal determinant of neuroexocytosis: A target of botulinum toxin type A SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Biol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 22 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 5 BP A928 EP A928 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 534PC UT WOS:000174593901126 ER PT J AU Kanjilal, PP Gonzalez, RR AF Kanjilal, PP Gonzalez, RR TI Shift of scaling behavior of interbeat heart interval (RR) series during fluid restriction/exercise heat stress SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Geocenters Inc, Natick, MA 01760 USA. USA, Environm Med Res Inst, BMD, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 22 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 5 BP A871 EP A871 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 534PC UT WOS:000174593900805 ER PT J AU Kellogg, MD Bathalon, GP Falco, CM Rood, JC AF Kellogg, MD Bathalon, GP Falco, CM Rood, JC TI Leptin levels in young, non-obese females vary with energy restriction and weight loss SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Mil Nutr Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Pennington Biomed Res Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 22 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 5 BP A783 EP A783 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 534PC UT WOS:000174593900323 ER PT J AU Mani, S van Gessel, Y Bi, SG Das, R Neill, R Jett, M AF Mani, S van Gessel, Y Bi, SG Das, R Neill, R Jett, M TI Development of a clinically relevant model for Staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE) intoxication SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 22 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 5 BP A929 EP A929 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 534PC UT WOS:000174593901130 ER PT J AU Matthew, CB Bastille, AM Sils, IV Gonzalez, RR AF Matthew, CB Bastille, AM Sils, IV Gonzalez, RR TI Effects of hyperthermia with and without dehydration on heart rate variability (HRV) in rats SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Thermal & Mt Res Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 22 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 5 BP A871 EP A871 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 534PC UT WOS:000174593900807 ER PT J AU Oliver, JD Bentley, TB Schooley, JL Chen, L Morris, ER Atkins, JL Pamnani, MB AF Oliver, JD Bentley, TB Schooley, JL Chen, L Morris, ER Atkins, JL Pamnani, MB TI Microdialysis (mu D) measurement of interstitial potassium concentrations during hemorrhagic shock SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RI Atkins, James/B-3577-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 22 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 5 BP A1122 EP A1122 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 534PC UT WOS:000174593902195 ER PT J AU Ray, P Fink, M Ray, R AF Ray, P Fink, M Ray, R TI Phospholipase A2 (PLA2)-dependent mechanism of neuroexocytosis: Target of botulinum toxin A (BoTxA) SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 WRAIR, Dept Biol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Biochem Pharmacol Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 22 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 5 BP A928 EP A928 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 534PC UT WOS:000174593901127 ER PT J AU Roy, CJ Welcher, BC Aman, MJ Bavari, S AF Roy, CJ Welcher, BC Aman, MJ Bavari, S TI HLA-DQ8/hCD4Ab degrees transgenic mice succumb to aerosolized staphylococcal enterotoxin B without lipopolysaccharide potentiation SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 22 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 5 BP A1039 EP A1039 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 534PC UT WOS:000174593901733 ER PT J AU Savransky, V Pinelis, D Fegeding, KV Polotsky, Y Komisar, JL Tseng, J AF Savransky, V Pinelis, D Fegeding, KV Polotsky, Y Komisar, JL Tseng, J TI Lethal toxic shock induced by intranasal inoculation of staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) in unmanipulated mice. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 22 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 5 BP A967 EP A967 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 534PC UT WOS:000174593901343 ER PT J AU Sonna, LA Wenger, CB Flinn, SD Sheldon, HK Cullivan, ML Pratt, RE Lilly, CM AF Sonna, LA Wenger, CB Flinn, SD Sheldon, HK Cullivan, ML Pratt, RE Lilly, CM TI Gene chip array analysis of changes in gene expression by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) during exertional heat injury SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Naval Hosp, Beaufort, SC USA. Harvard Univ, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 22 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 5 BP A871 EP A871 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 534PC UT WOS:000174593900808 ER PT J AU Spriggs, D DeBus, S Chang, FCT AF Spriggs, D DeBus, S Chang, FCT TI Comparison of oxime efficacies in the treatment of O-isobutyl-2(diethylamino)ethyl]methylphosphonothioate (VR) induced neurobehavioral deficits. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 22 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 5 BP A947 EP A947 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 534PC UT WOS:000174593901234 ER PT J AU Steers, N Schwenk, R Krzych, U AF Steers, N Schwenk, R Krzych, U TI Differences in the immune reactivities of Kupffer cells following exposure to infectious versus attenuated Plasmodium berghei sporozoites. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, CD & I, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 22 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 5 BP A1069 EP A1069 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 534PC UT WOS:000174593901897 ER PT J AU Stephenson, L Latzka, W McCreery, M Levine, L Kesick, C Robinson, S Kolka, M AF Stephenson, L Latzka, W McCreery, M Levine, L Kesick, C Robinson, S Kolka, M TI Protective paste decreases skin reaction to methyl nicotinate challenge SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 22 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 5 BP A824 EP A824 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 534PC UT WOS:000174593900550 ER PT J AU Swietnicki, W Barnie, AM Dyas, BK Ulrich, RG AF Swietnicki, W Barnie, AM Dyas, BK Ulrich, RG TI The zinc-binding site of streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin C from Streptococcus pyogenes is not essential for T-cell stimulation SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 22 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 5 BP A1189 EP A1189 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 534PC UT WOS:000174593902564 ER PT J AU Tabaku, LS Bentley, TB Nelson, LD Saviolakis, GA Atkins, JL AF Tabaku, LS Bentley, TB Nelson, LD Saviolakis, GA Atkins, JL TI Bradycardia and O-2-induced hypertension (O(2)Ht) during hemorrhage in awake vs. anesthetized rats SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RI Atkins, James/B-3577-2011 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 22 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 5 BP A1122 EP A1122 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 534PC UT WOS:000174593902197 ER PT J AU Tenbrock, K Juang, YT Gourley, MF Tsokos, GC AF Tenbrock, K Juang, YT Gourley, MF Tsokos, GC TI Anti-sense cAMP response element modulator (CREM) upregulates interleukin 2 mRNA in normal and SLE T cells SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Washington Hosp Ctr, Washington, DC 20010 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 22 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 5 BP A1044 EP A1044 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 534PC UT WOS:000174593901760 ER PT J AU Tharion, WJ Yokota, M Buller, MJ DeLany, JP Hoyt, RW AF Tharion, WJ Yokota, M Buller, MJ DeLany, JP Hoyt, RW TI Prediction of shipboard total daily energy expenditures (TDEEs) using pedometry. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Geocenters Inc, Natick, MA USA. Pennington Biomed Res Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 22 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 5 BP A1144 EP A1144 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 534PC UT WOS:000174593902312 ER PT J AU Uyehara, CFT Burghardt, CA Cheng, DPY Hashiro, GM Sato, AK Claybaugh, JR AF Uyehara, CFT Burghardt, CA Cheng, DPY Hashiro, GM Sato, AK Claybaugh, JR TI Chronic alcohol exposure causes impaired water excretion and decreased renal efficacy of a V2 antagonist SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tripler Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Honolulu, HI 96859 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 22 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 5 BP A837 EP A838 PN 2 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 534PC UT WOS:000174593900623 ER PT J AU McGovern, TW Norton, SA AF McGovern, TW Norton, SA TI Recognition and management of anthrax SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP McGovern, TW (reprint author), 1234 E Dupont Rd,6, Ft Wayne, IN 46804 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC/NEJM PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD MAR 21 PY 2002 VL 346 IS 12 BP 943 EP 943 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 532FR UT WOS:000174464100021 PM 11907299 ER PT J AU Baker-Fulco, CJ Tharion, WJ Champagne, CM Patton, BD Delany, JP AF Baker-Fulco, CJ Tharion, WJ Champagne, CM Patton, BD Delany, JP TI Inadequacy of diets of female sailors at sea SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Pennington Biomed Res Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A252 EP A252 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533601392 ER PT J AU Bednarek, JM Holtzmuller, KC Nicholson, DE Sjogren, MH AF Bednarek, JM Holtzmuller, KC Nicholson, DE Sjogren, MH TI Hepatitis G virus: Sequencing and protein analysis in possible relationship to aplastic anemia SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Med, Gastroenterol Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A548 EP A549 PN 1 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533603046 ER PT J AU Beidleman, BA Muza, SR Fulco, CS Cymerman, A Ditzler, DT Stulz, D Robinson, SR Staab, JE Lewis, SF Skrinar, GS Sawka, MN AF Beidleman, BA Muza, SR Fulco, CS Cymerman, A Ditzler, DT Stulz, D Robinson, SR Staab, JE Lewis, SF Skrinar, GS Sawka, MN TI Submaximal exercise performance is improved after intermittent altitude exposure SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A450 EP A450 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533602493 ER PT J AU Bhat, KR Dierking, EL Benton, BJ Ray, R AF Bhat, KR Dierking, EL Benton, BJ Ray, R TI Inhibitors of apoptosis affect DNA degradation and repair in sulfur mustard (SM)-exposed human epidermal keratinocytes (HEK). SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Lincoln Univ, Lincoln Univ, PA 19352 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A139 EP A139 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533600768 ER PT J AU Bi, SG Das, R Mani, S Van Gessel, Y Neill, R Jett, M AF Bi, SG Das, R Mani, S Van Gessel, Y Neill, R Jett, M TI Correlation of the kinetics of global gene expression patterns with progression of lethal shock in response to staphylococcal enterotoxin A or B in piglets SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD 20903 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A162 EP A162 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533600903 ER PT J AU Bovill, ME Baker-Fulco, CJ Tharion, WJ Champagne, CM Allen, HR DeLany, JP AF Bovill, ME Baker-Fulco, CJ Tharion, WJ Champagne, CM Allen, HR DeLany, JP TI Nutritional requirements of United States Army Special Forces soldiers. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Pennington Biomed Res Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A252 EP A252 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533601394 ER PT J AU Cullivan, ML Sheldon, HK Pratt, RE Lilly, CM Sonna, LA AF Cullivan, ML Sheldon, HK Pratt, RE Lilly, CM Sonna, LA TI Gene chip array analysis of hypoxia-induced changes in gene expression in human hepatocytes SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Harvard Univ, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A64 EP A64 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533600359 ER PT J AU Dubick, MA Nair, PB Williams, CA Kramer, GC AF Dubick, MA Nair, PB Williams, CA Kramer, GC TI Antioxidant status in tissues from thermally injured sheep resuscitated with hypertonic saline and high dose vitamin C SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Inst Surg Res, San Antonio, TX 78234 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Galveston, TX 77550 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A620 EP A620 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533603445 ER PT J AU DuBose, DA Morehouse, DH Wenger, CB AF DuBose, DA Morehouse, DH Wenger, CB TI Influence of exercise (E) or exertional heat illness (EHI) on the phytohemaggultinin (PHA)-induced mitogen responses of human peripheral lymphocyte subpopulations (PLSPs). SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A448 EP A448 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533602483 ER PT J AU Dutta, S Barbosa, A Fileta, BB Ware, LA Lalitha, PV Moch, JK Vassel, MR Haynes, JD Lanar, DE AF Dutta, S Barbosa, A Fileta, BB Ware, LA Lalitha, PV Moch, JK Vassel, MR Haynes, JD Lanar, DE TI Biophysical, biochemical and immunological comparision of a refolded malaria vaccine candidate, PfAMA-1/E, produced in two bacterial hosts SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RI Lanar, David/B-3560-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A547 EP A548 PN 1 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533603216 ER PT J AU Hammamieh, R Das, R Neill, R Jett, M AF Hammamieh, R Das, R Neill, R Jett, M TI Bioinformatic analysis of host gene expression responses to specific biological threat agents SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A543 EP A543 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533603016 ER PT J AU Hoyt, RW Tharion, WJ Santee, WR Matthew, WT DeLany, JP AF Hoyt, RW Tharion, WJ Santee, WR Matthew, WT DeLany, JP TI Water turnover of warfighters in the field using doubly labeled water (DLW). SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Pennington Biomed Res Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA 70808 USA. USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A41 EP A42 PN 1 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533600232 ER PT J AU Kolka, M McBride, S Kesick, C Levine, L Stephenson, L AF Kolka, M McBride, S Kesick, C Levine, L Stephenson, L TI Skin wettedness and subjective measures of thermal discomfort SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A39 EP A39 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533600218 ER PT J AU Korolev, S Pinelis, D Savransky, VM Fegeding, KV Komisar, JL Tseng, J AF Korolev, S Pinelis, D Savransky, VM Fegeding, KV Komisar, JL Tseng, J TI Superantigenicity and toxicity of staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) mutants with histidine-to-tyrosine substitution. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Expt Pathol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A680 EP A680 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533603774 ER PT J AU Leng, Y Ray, R Li, ZW Ray, P AF Leng, Y Ray, R Li, ZW Ray, P TI Laminin-5 degradation due to sulfur mustard (HD) in cultured normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK) SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Dept Biol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Pharmacol, Biochem Pharmacol Branch, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A553 EP A553 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533603072 ER PT J AU Mendis, C Das, R Peel, S Jett, M AF Mendis, C Das, R Peel, S Jett, M TI Comparison of gene alterations in response to toxins in human lymphoid cells using DNA microarray technology SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Rockville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A530 EP A530 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533602938 ER PT J AU Midboe, EG Sistrunk, JE Schlager, JJ AF Midboe, EG Sistrunk, JE Schlager, JJ TI cDNA array investigation of human epidermal keratinocytes exposed to sulfur mustard SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A530 EP A530 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533602939 ER PT J AU Nindl, BC Montain, SC Leone, CD Ward, MD Castellani, JW Young, AJ Patton, JF AF Nindl, BC Montain, SC Leone, CD Ward, MD Castellani, JW Young, AJ Patton, JF TI Overnight somatotrophic hormonal responses after military operational stress SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A42 EP A42 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533600233 ER PT J AU Pusateri, A Delgado, K Uscilowicz, J Yantis, L Martinez, R Cortez, D Cardenas, L Martinowitz, U AF Pusateri, A Delgado, K Uscilowicz, J Yantis, L Martinez, R Cortez, D Cardenas, L Martinowitz, U TI Effect of four doses of recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa) on hemostasis in normal swine SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Natl Hemophilia Ctr, Chaim Sheba Med Ctr, Tel Hashomer, Israel. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A131 EP A132 PN 1 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533600728 ER PT J AU Ramamoorthy, P Lee, D Quinlan, JD Kanesathasan, N Das, R Jett, M AF Ramamoorthy, P Lee, D Quinlan, JD Kanesathasan, N Das, R Jett, M TI Comparison of changes in host immume gene expression patterns induced by DEN 2 and its vaccine strain using gene array technology and real time PCR SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. USAMRIID, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A160 EP A160 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533600888 ER PT J AU Ray, R Benton, BJ Burke, ME Rockwood, T Bhat, KR Anderson, DR Petrali, JP Smith, WJ Ray, P Rosenthal, DS AF Ray, R Benton, BJ Burke, ME Rockwood, T Bhat, KR Anderson, DR Petrali, JP Smith, WJ Ray, P Rosenthal, DS TI DNA damage-induced apoptosis: Inhibition by calmodulin antagonist, Fas receptor antibody and caspase inhibitors. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. Georgetown Univ, Sch Med, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A138 EP A138 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533600763 ER PT J AU Reed, DS Crise, B Pratt, W Smoll, J Lind, C Sullivan, L Gibbs, P Parker, M AF Reed, DS Crise, B Pratt, W Smoll, J Lind, C Sullivan, L Gibbs, P Parker, M TI Recombinant live attenuated vaccines protect cynomolgus macaques against aerosol challenge with a virulent Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus of the IE subtype. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Retroviral Vaccine Lab, Frederick, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A679 EP A679 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533603772 ER PT J AU Richards, RL Rao, M VanCott, TC Matyas, GR Birx, DL Alving, CR AF Richards, RL Rao, M VanCott, TC Matyas, GR Birx, DL Alving, CR TI Liposome-stabilized oil-in-water emulsions induce HIV envelope-specific CTLs SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Membrane Biochem, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Jackson Fdn Med Educ & Res, Rockville, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Retrovirol, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A297 EP A297 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533601643 ER PT J AU Royaee, AR Mendis, C Das, R Jett, M Yang, DCH AF Royaee, AR Mendis, C Das, R Jett, M Yang, DCH TI Transcriptional responses of human lymphoid cells to cholera toxin SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Georgetown Univ, Washington, DC 20057 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. RI Yang, David/A-7294-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A168 EP A168 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533600934 ER PT J AU Sabban, EL Serova, L Nakashima, A AF Sabban, EL Serova, L Nakashima, A TI Estradiol triggered regulation of gene expression of norepinephrine biosynthetic enzymes SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Clin Invest, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A547 EP A547 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533603040 ER PT J AU Sils, IV Matthew, CB Bastille, AM AF Sils, IV Matthew, CB Bastille, AM TI The effect of flunarizine-pretreatment following hypothermia/rewarming in rats. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Thermal & Mt Med Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A44 EP A44 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533600245 ER PT J AU Staah, JE Beidleman, BA Muza, SR Fulco, CS Cymerman, A Ditzler, DT Stulz, D Robinson, SR Lewis, SF Skrinar, GS Sawka, MN AF Staah, JE Beidleman, BA Muza, SR Fulco, CS Cymerman, A Ditzler, DT Stulz, D Robinson, SR Lewis, SF Skrinar, GS Sawka, MN TI Effect of intermittent altitude exposure on cortisol responses during submaximal exercise at altitude. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A450 EP A450 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533602492 ER PT J AU Tang, QD Zhao, BT Bowman, PD AF Tang, QD Zhao, BT Bowman, PD TI Gene expression profiling of the response of human endothelial cells to low oxygen SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Inst Surg Res, San Antonio, TX 78234 USA. Univ Texas, Coll Pharm, Austin, TX 78712 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A64 EP A64 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533600362 ER PT J AU Uscilowicz, J Delgado, A Korpal, K Martinowitz, U Pusateri, A AF Uscilowicz, J Delgado, A Korpal, K Martinowitz, U Pusateri, A TI In vitro coagulation changes after various doses of recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa) in swine SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Inst Surg Res, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Natl Hemophilia Ctr, Chaim Sheba Med Ctr, Tel Hashomer, Israel. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A132 EP A132 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533600730 ER PT J AU Ward, JA Dixon, WC Snyder, E Rubal, BJ AF Ward, JA Dixon, WC Snyder, E Rubal, BJ TI Hemodynamic response to acute pulmonary emboli: A porcine model of prehospital events. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Brooke Army Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78265 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A75 EP A76 PN 1 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533600422 ER PT J AU Ward, NE Carter, D Castilleja, A Fisk, B O'Brian, CA Ioannides, CG AF Ward, NE Carter, D Castilleja, A Fisk, B O'Brian, CA Ioannides, CG TI CTL induced by a variant of the HER-2 CTL epitope E75 are resistant to apoptosis mediated by E75 SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Corixa Corp, Seattle, WA USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A336 EP A336 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533601856 ER PT J AU Wood, RJ Tchack, L Angelo, G Pratt, RE Sonna, LA AF Wood, RJ Tchack, L Angelo, G Pratt, RE Sonna, LA TI Gene chip array analysis of vitamin D-induced changes in gene expression in human enterocytes. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Mineral Bioavailabil Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A372 EP A372 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533602059 ER PT J AU Leung, KP Folk, SP AF Leung, KP Folk, SP TI Effects of porphyrins and inorganic iron on the growth of Prevotella intermedia SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE hemin; porphyrin; iron; Prevotella intermedia ID NOMA CANCRUM ORIS; PORPHYROMONAS-GINGIVALIS; BACTEROIDES-GINGIVALIS; HAEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE; ACTINOBACILLUS-ACTINOMYCETEMCOMITANS; VIRULENCE; BACTERIA; BINDING; PERIODONTITIS; SIDEROPHORES AB We demonstrated earlier that hemin iron-containing compounds which include hemin, human hemoglobin, bovine hemoglobin, and bovine catalase stimulate the growth of Prevotella intermedia [Leung, Subramaniam, Okamoto, Fukushima, Lai, FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 162 (1998) 227-233], However, the contributions of tetrapyrrole porphyrin ring in these hemin-iron sources as well as inorganic iron for the growth of this organism have not been determined. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of porphyrins, host iron-binding proteins, and various inorganic iron sources on the growth of hemin-iron depleted P. intermedia. Protoporphyrin IX and protoporphyrin IX-zinc, either in the presence or absence of supplemented ferrous or ferric iron, promoted the growth of P. intermedia at a rate that was comparable to that of the hemin control. On the other hand, neither the host iron proteins, transferrin and lactoferrin, nor the inorganic iron sources which included ferrous chloride, ferric chloride, ferric citrate, ferric nitrate, and ferric ammonium citrate at concentrations up to 200 muM stimulated the growth of hemin-iron-restricted P. intermedia. The results suggest that P. intermedia only use iron in a specific form and that the porphyrin-ring structure is essential for the growth of P. intermedia as in the case of other related organisms. (C) 2002 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Dent Res Detachment, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Microbiol Branch, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. RP Leung, KP (reprint author), USA, Dent Res Detachment, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Microbiol Branch, 310B B St,Bldg 1H, Great Lakes, IL 60088 USA. NR 33 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1097 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD MAR 19 PY 2002 VL 209 IS 1 BP 15 EP 21 AR PII S0378-1097(02)00485-8 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2002.tb11103.x PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 552FV UT WOS:000175609500003 PM 12007648 ER PT J AU Cole, MW Joshi, PC Hubbard, C Demaree, JD Ervin, M AF Cole, MW Joshi, PC Hubbard, C Demaree, JD Ervin, M TI Thermal stability and performance reliability of Pt/Ti/WSi/Ni ohmic contacts to n-SiC for high temperature and pulsed power device applications SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SILICON-CARBIDE; RESISTANCE; NICKEL; RESISTIVITY AB Pt/Ti/WSi/Ni ohmic contacts to n-SiC, initially annealed at 950 and 1000 degreesC for 30 s, were evaluated for thermal stability via pulsed/cyclic thermal fatigue and aging experiments at 650 degreesC. Modifications of material properties in response to cyclic thermal fatigue and aging tests were quantitatively assessed via current-voltage measurements, field emission scanning microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry. Negligible changes in the electrical properties, microstructure, and surface morphology/roughness were observed for both annealed ohmic contacts in response to 100 cycles of acute cyclic thermal fatigue. Aging of the 950 degreesC annealed contact for 75 h at 650 degreesC resulted in electrical failure and chemical interdiffusion/reaction between the contact and SiC substrate. The 1000 degreesC annealed contact retained ohmicity after 100 h of aging and was found to be chemically and microstructurally stable. These findings indicate that the 1000 degreesC annealed Pt/Ti/WSi/Ni ohmic contact to n-SiC is thermally stable and merits strong potential for utilization in high temperature and pulsed power devices. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Cole, MW (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 32 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 15 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 6 BP 3864 EP 3868 DI 10.1063/1.1450024 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 527JG UT WOS:000174182500057 ER PT J AU Shen, H Aliberti, K AF Shen, H Aliberti, K TI Theoretical analysis of an anisotropic metal-semiconductor-metal optoelectronic mixer SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSIENT-RESPONSE; PHOTODETECTORS; SIMULATION; TRANSPORT; MODEL AB We present a detailed study of the optoelectronic mixing effect in metal-semiconductor-metal detectors. Both analytical and numerical results are presented and the anisotropic effect is included in the calculations. Under transient bias voltage, the device shows two transient current responses: a fast one related to the displacement current and a slow one related to removal of carriers from the device. The mixing efficiency of the device increases with an increase in applied ac voltage and decreases with an increase in ac frequency. For anisotropic devices, rectification current exists. This rectification current varies not only with the ac voltage and optical power, but also with the ac frequency. This variation in current results in a self-clutter signal being observed in the experiments. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Shen, H (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 15 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 6 BP 3880 EP 3890 DI 10.1063/1.1448676 PG 11 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 527JG UT WOS:000174182500059 ER PT J AU Juang, YT Solomou, EE Rellahan, B Tsokos, GC AF Juang, YT Solomou, EE Rellahan, B Tsokos, GC TI Phosphorylation and O-linked glycosylation of Elf-1 leads to its translocation to the nucleus and binding to the promoter of the TCR zeta-chain SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR ELF-1; T-LYMPHOCYTES; PROTEIN; GENE; EXPRESSION; ACTIVATION; ENHANCER; CELLS; GLYCOPROTEINS; AP-1 AB Elf-1, a member of the E 26-specific transcription factor family with a predicted molecular mass of 68 kDa, is involved in the transcriptional regulation of several hematopoietic cell genes. We demonstrate that Elf-1 exists primarily as a 98-kDa form in the nucleus and as an 80-kDa form in the cytoplasm. Phosphorylation and O-linked glycosylation contribute to the increased posttranslational molecular mass of Elf-1. The 98-kDa Elf-1 is released from the cytoplasm tethering retinoblastoma protein and moves to the nucleus, where it binds to the promoter of the TCR zeta-chain gene. Finally, the cytoplasmic 98-kDa form enters the proteasome pathway and undergoes degradation. In conclusion, different forms of Elf-1 are the products of posttranslational modifications that determine its subcellular localization, activity, and metabolic degradation. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Cellular Injury, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Tsokos, GC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Cellular Injury, Bldg 503,Room 1A32,503 Robert Grant Rd, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI-42269, AI-42782, AI-49954] NR 25 TC 55 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD MAR 15 PY 2002 VL 168 IS 6 BP 2865 EP 2871 PG 7 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 529BP UT WOS:000174280400038 PM 11884456 ER PT J AU Burgess, EB AF Burgess, EB TI Remembered prisoners of a forgotten war: An oral history of the Korean War POWs. SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, Combined Arms Res Lib, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. RP Burgess, EB (reprint author), USA, Combined Arms Res Lib, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD MAR 15 PY 2002 VL 127 IS 5 BP 93 EP 93 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 532ER UT WOS:000174459100127 ER PT J AU Burgess, EB AF Burgess, EB TI The mystery of flight 427: Inside a crash investigation. SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 USA, Combined Arms Res Lib, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. RP Burgess, EB (reprint author), USA, Combined Arms Res Lib, Ft Leavenworth, KS USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD MAR 15 PY 2002 VL 127 IS 5 BP 94 EP 95 PG 2 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 532ER UT WOS:000174459100138 ER PT J AU Stahl, CE Redei, E Wang, Y Borlongan, CV AF Stahl, CE Redei, E Wang, Y Borlongan, CV TI Behavioral, hormonal and histological stress markers of anxiety-separation in postnatal rats are reduced by prepro-thyrotropin-releasing hormone 178-199 SO NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE corticotropin release-inhibiting factor; exploratory activity; vocalizations; corticosterone; adrenocorticotropic hormone; stress; paraventricular nucleus ID RHESUS-MONKEYS; ADULT RATS; BRAIN; ADOLESCENTS; FLUOXETINE; DISORDERS; RESPONSES; CHILDREN; DISTRESS; DIAZEPAM AB We investigated in the present study whether systemic injections of prepro-thyrotropin-releasing-hormone 178-199 (PPTRH 178-199) in postnatal 3-days old rat pups can provide ameliorative effects in a model of anxiety-separation disorder. The pups were individually separated from their mother and placed in a novel environment. PPTRH 178-199-treated animals started exploring the novel environment in a significantly shorter time and elicited significantly less distress vocalizations than control animals. PPTRH 178-199-treated animals also had markedly lower serum adrenocorticotropic hormone and corticosterone compared to control animals. Furthermore, we observed a significant increase in PPTRH 178-199 immunoreactive cell bodies in the hypothalamus of PPTRH 178-199-treated animals compared to controls, suggesting that the peptide crossed the blood-brain barrier. PPTRH 178-199 treatment can help to reduce behavioral and hormonal disturbances associated with anxiety-separation situations. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Drug Abuse, Intramural Res Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Northwestern Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Natl Def Med Ctr, Taipei 100, Taiwan. RP Borlongan, CV (reprint author), Natl Inst Drug Abuse, Intramural Res Program, NIH, 5500 Nathan Shock Dr, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. OI Borlongan, Cesar/0000-0002-2966-9782 NR 22 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0304-3940 J9 NEUROSCI LETT JI Neurosci. Lett. PD MAR 15 PY 2002 VL 321 IS 1-2 BP 85 EP 89 AR PII S0304-3940(01)02349-7 DI 10.1016/S0304-3940(01)02349-7 PG 5 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 537EX UT WOS:000174746700022 PM 11872263 ER PT J AU Maier, RS Kroll, DM Bernard, RS Howington, SE Peters, JF Davis, HT AF Maier, RS Kroll, DM Bernard, RS Howington, SE Peters, JF Davis, HT TI Enhanced dispersion in cylindrical packed beds SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON SERIES A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE pore scale; dispersion; lattice Boltzmann; packed bed ID POROUS-MEDIA; FLUID TRANSPORT; FIXED-BEDS; SIMULATION; FLOW; NMR; PREDICTION; TUBES AB The effective longitudinal dispersion constant, D-L(eff), in cylindrical packed beds is larger than in the bulk due to the existence of radial inhomogeneities induced by the cylinder walls. For dense random packed beds, D-L(eff) can be several times larger L than the bulk value, even for arbitrarily large cylinder radius, R. The time-scale for attaining asymptotic dispersion rates in a cylindrical geometry is neither the convective nor the diffusive time-scale, but rather D-T/R-2, where D-T is the bulk transverse dispersion rate. Similar effects are predicted for packed beds confined in ducts of any cross-sectional geometry. The case of a rectangular duct, compared with an infinite slit, provides an intuitive model for the influence of walls in the limit as R goes to infinity. C1 Univ Minnesota, USA, High Performance Comp Res Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55415 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Med Chem, Minneapolis, MN 55415 USA. Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Supercomp Inst, Minneapolis, MN 55415 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55415 USA. USA, Ctr Res & Dev, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. USA, Ctr Res & Dev, Geotech & Struct Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Maier, RS (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, USA, High Performance Comp Res Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55415 USA. NR 28 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 7 PU ROYAL SOC LONDON PI LONDON PA 6 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1364-503X J9 PHILOS T ROY SOC A JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. PD MAR 15 PY 2002 VL 360 IS 1792 BP 497 EP 506 DI 10.1098/rsta.2001.0951 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 535NB UT WOS:000174649600020 PM 16214690 ER PT J AU Rudin, S Reinecke, TL AF Rudin, S Reinecke, TL TI Exciton-acoustic-phonon linewidths in GaAs bulk and quantum wells SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DEFORMATION POTENTIALS; DEGENERATE BANDS; SEMICONDUCTORS; DISPERSION; SCATTERING; DIAMOND; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; STATES AB Experimental results have shown that the acoustic phonon contribution to the homogeneous exciton linewidth increases substantially in going from GaAs quantum wells to bulk GaAs. Perturbation theory for acoustic phonon scattering using the deformation potential interaction and parabolic exciton dispersion accounts for experiment in quantum wells, but it fails by nearly an order of magnitude for bulk GaAs. Here we develop a theory of exciton-acoustic-phonon homogeneous linewidths using the anisotropic exciton dispersion, and we find for bulk GaAs that the piezoelectric interaction dominates the scattering. These results show that perturbation theory including these effects accounts well for the low temperature exciton linewidth in bulk GaAs as well as that in GaAs quantum wells. This approach also accounts for the available experimental results for exciton linewidths in bulk ZnSe and in ZeSe quantum wells. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Rudin, S (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 15 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 12 AR 121311 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.121311 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 540QC UT WOS:000174938800016 ER PT J AU Thurber, KR Harrell, LE Fainchtein, R Smith, DD AF Thurber, KR Harrell, LE Fainchtein, R Smith, DD TI Spin polarization contrast observed in GaAs by force-detected nuclear magnetic resonance SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We applied the technique of force-detected nuclear magnetic resonance to observe Ga-71, Ga-69, and As-75 in GaAs. The nuclear spin-lattice relaxation time is 21+/-5 min for Ga-69 at similar to5 K and 4.6 T. We have exploited this long relaxation time to first create and then observe spatially varying nuclear spin polarization within the sample, demonstrating a form of contrast for magnetic resonance force microscopy. Such nuclear spin contrast could be used to indirectly image electron spin polarization in GaAs-based spintronic devices. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL SE EM, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Ctr Superconduct Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. US Mil Acad, Dept Phys, W Point, NY 10996 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. RP Thurber, KR (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL SE EM, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. OI Harrell, Lee/0000-0003-2305-5787 NR 20 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 11 PY 2002 VL 80 IS 10 BP 1794 EP 1796 DI 10.1063/1.1458688 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 527HZ UT WOS:000174181800038 ER PT J AU Akozbek, N Bowden, CM Chin, SL AF Akozbek, N Bowden, CM Chin, SL TI Propagation dynamics of ultra-short high-power laser pulses in air: supercontinuum generation and transverse ring formation SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Physics of Quantum Electronics CY JAN 08-11, 2001 CL SNOWBIRD, UTAH ID MOVING FOCUS; ATMOSPHERE AB Numerical and semi-analytical results of the propagation of high-power ultra-short near IR laser pulses propagating in ionizing air are presented. C1 USA, Aviat & Missile Command, AMRDEC, AMSAM RD WS ST, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. Univ Laval, Dept Phys Genie Phys & Opt, Quebec City, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. Univ Laval, Ctr Opt Photon & Laser, Quebec City, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. RP Akozbek, N (reprint author), USA, Aviat & Missile Command, AMRDEC, AMSAM RD WS ST, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 14 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK,, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0340 J9 J MOD OPTIC JI J. Mod. Opt. PD MAR 10 PY 2002 VL 49 IS 3-4 BP 475 EP 486 DI 10.1080/09500340110090396 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA 524KQ UT WOS:000174012700015 ER PT J AU Crenshaw, ME Bowden, CM AF Crenshaw, ME Bowden, CM TI On quantization of the field in dielectrics SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Physics of Quantum Electronics CY JAN 08-11, 2001 CL SNOWBIRD, UTAH AB The precepts behind the macroscopic and microscopic quantizations of the electromagnetic field in a dielectric are discussed. Using the correspondence principle, it is demonstrated that the macroscopic quantization procedure leads to incorrect equations of motion of embedded two-level atoms. The fundamental nature of the Lorentz viewpoint of electrodynamics is discussed. C1 USA, Weap Sci Directorate, AMSAM RD WS ST, Aviat & Missile Res Dev & Engn Ctr,Aviat & Missil, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Crenshaw, ME (reprint author), USA, Weap Sci Directorate, AMSAM RD WS ST, Aviat & Missile Res Dev & Engn Ctr,Aviat & Missil, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK,, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0340 J9 J MOD OPTIC JI J. Mod. Opt. PD MAR 10 PY 2002 VL 49 IS 3-4 BP 511 EP 517 DI 10.1080/09500340110087660 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 524KQ UT WOS:000174012700018 ER PT J AU Rice, BM Hare, JJ AF Rice, BM Hare, JJ TI A quantum mechanical investigation of the relation between impact sensitivity and the charge distribution in energetic molecules SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID SURFACE ELECTROSTATIC POTENTIALS; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; AB-INITIO; DISSOCIATION-ENERGIES; UNIMOLECULAR DECOMPOSITION; NITRO-DERIVATIVES; NITROHETEROCYCLIC MOLECULES; NUCLEOPHILIC PROCESSES; COMPUTATIONAL ANALYSIS; SECONDARY EXPLOSIVES AB Quantum mechanically determined electrostatic potentials for isosurfaces of electron density of a variety of CHNO explosive molecules are analyzed to identify features that are indicative of sensitivity to impact. This paper describes the development of models for prediction of impact sensitivity of CHNO explosives using approximations to the electrostatic potentials at bond midpoints, statistical parameters of these surface potentials, and the generalized interaction properties function [J. S. Murray, T. Brinck, P. Lane, K. Paulsen and P. Pulitzer, J. Mol. Struct (THEOCHEM) 1994, 307, 55] or calculated heats of detonation. The models are parametrized using a set of 34 polynitroaromatic and benzofuroxan explosives for which impact sensitivity measurements exist. The models are then applied to a test set of 15 CHNO explosives from a variety of chemical families in order to assess the predictive capability of the models. Patterns of the surface potentials of the molecules examined in this study suggest that the level of sensitivity to impact is related to the degree of positive charge buildup over covalent bonds within the inner framework of these explosives. The highly sensitive explosives show large positive charge buildup localized over covalent bonding regions of the molecular structures, whereas the insensitive explosives do not exhibit this feature. For the nitroaromatic and benzofuroxan compounds, sensitivity appears to be related to the degree and distribution of positive charge build-up localized over the aromatic ring or over the C-NO(2) bonds. C1 USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Rice, BM (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 79 TC 265 Z9 281 U1 6 U2 39 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD MAR 7 PY 2002 VL 106 IS 9 BP 1770 EP 1783 DI 10.1021/jp012602q PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 531CM UT WOS:000174398500016 ER PT J AU Hunt, ME O'Malley, PG Feuerstein, I Taylor, AJ AF Hunt, ME O'Malley, PG Feuerstein, I Taylor, AJ TI The metabolic score predicts subclinical atherosclerosis independent of fasting serum LDL: Evidence supporting inclusion of the metabolic syndrome as a component within the NCEP ATP III guidelines SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0735-1097 J9 J AM COLL CARDIOL JI J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. PD MAR 6 PY 2002 VL 39 IS 5 SU A BP 262A EP 262A PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 526AR UT WOS:000174106701176 ER PT J AU Lee, TC O'Malley, PG Feuerstein, I Taylor, AJ AF Lee, TC O'Malley, PG Feuerstein, I Taylor, AJ TI Ethnicity and calcified atherosclerosis: Can data on coronary calcium be applied evenly across ethnic groups? Results from the Prospective Army Coronary Calcium Project SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0735-1097 J9 J AM COLL CARDIOL JI J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. PD MAR 6 PY 2002 VL 39 IS 5 SU A BP 359A EP 359A PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 526AR UT WOS:000174106701613 ER PT J AU Pletnev, AG Putnak, R Speicher, J Wagar, EJ Vaughn, DW AF Pletnev, AG Putnak, R Speicher, J Wagar, EJ Vaughn, DW TI West Nile virus/dengue type 4 virus chimeras that are reduced in neurovirulence and peripheral virulence without loss of immunogenicity or protective efficacy SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE protective immunity; dengue virus; viral chimera ID TICK-BORNE ENCEPHALITIS; DENGUE TYPE-4; CONSTRUCTION; MICE; FLAVIVIRUS; CHALLENGE; CLEAVAGE; PROTEIN; STRAINS; VACCINE AB A candidate live attenuated vaccine strain was constructed for West Nile virus (WN), a neurotropic flavivirus that has recently emerged in the U.S. Considerable attenuation for mice was achieved by chimerization with dengue virus type 4 (DEN4). The genes for the structural premembrane and envelope proteins of DEN4 present in an infectious cDNA clone were replaced by the corresponding genes of WN strain NY99. Two of 18 cDNA clones of a WN/DEN4 chimera yielded full-length RNA transcripts that were infectious when transfected into susceptible cells. The two infectious clones shared a motif in the transmembrane signal domain located immediately downstream of the NS213-N53 protease cleavage site that separates the DEN4 capsid protein and the WIN premembrane protein of the chimera. This motif, Asp and Thr at a position 3 and 6 amino acids downstream of the cleavage site, respectively, was not present in the 16 noninfectious cDNA clones. The WN/DEN14 chimera was highly attenuated in mice compared with its WN parent; the chimera was at least 28,500 times less neurovirulent in suckling mice inoculated intracerebrally and at least 10,000 times less virulent in adult mice inoculated intraperitoneally. Nonetheless, the WN/DEN4 chimera and a deletion mutant derived from it were immunogenic and provided complete protection against lethal WN challenge. These observations provide the basis for pursuing the development of a live attenuated WIN vaccine. C1 NIAID, NIH, Lab Infect Dis, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Virus Dis, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Pletnev, AG (reprint author), NIAID, NIH, Lab Infect Dis, Bldg 7 Rm 236 7 Ctr Dr MSC 0740, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 25 TC 83 Z9 90 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAR 5 PY 2002 VL 99 IS 5 BP 3036 EP 3041 DI 10.1073/pnas.022652799 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 529DK UT WOS:000174284600080 PM 11880643 ER PT J AU Choopun, S Vispute, RD Yang, W Sharma, RP Venkatesan, T Shen, H AF Choopun, S Vispute, RD Yang, W Sharma, RP Venkatesan, T Shen, H TI Realization of band gap above 5.0 eV in metastable cubic-phase MgxZn1-xO alloy films SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BUFFER LAYERS; ZNO FILMS AB We report on the realization of wide band gap (5-6 eV), single-phase, metastable, and epitaxial MgxZn1-xO thin-film alloys grown on sapphire by pulsed laser deposition. We found that the composition, structure, and band gaps of the MgxZn1-xO thin-film alloys depend critically on the growth temperature. The structural transition from hexagonal to cubic phase has been observed for (Mg content greater than 50 at. %) (1greater than or equal toxgreater than or equal to0.5) which can be achieved by growing the film alloys in the temperature range of 750 degreesC to room temperature. Interestingly, the increase of Mg content in the film has been found to be beneficial for the epitaxial growth at relatively low growth temperature in spite of a large lattice mismatch between sapphire and cubic MgZnO alloys. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, CSR, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Vispute, RD (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, CSR, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Venkatesan, Thirumalai/E-1667-2013; OI Choopun, Supab/0000-0001-8518-9014 NR 11 TC 455 Z9 485 U1 6 U2 90 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 4 PY 2002 VL 80 IS 9 BP 1529 EP 1531 DI 10.1063/1.1456266 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 527HV UT WOS:000174181400009 ER PT J AU Shenoy, D Beresnev, L Holt, D Shashidhar, R AF Shenoy, D Beresnev, L Holt, D Shashidhar, R TI Tuning polar anchoring energy through chemical modification of photodimerized surfaces SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-CRYSTAL; ANGLES AB A detailed study of the dependence of the polar anchoring energy of liquid crystals on the chemical structure of photoaligning layers is presented. The monolayer alignment layers consist of different chemical groups at the terminus so that the interaction of the alignment layer with the liquid-crystal molecules is systematically varied. The results demonstrate the ability to tune the polar anchoring energy by chemical modification of the alignment layers. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Army Res Lab, Intelligent Opt Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Shenoy, D (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 4 PY 2002 VL 80 IS 9 BP 1538 EP 1540 DI 10.1063/1.1456546 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 527HV UT WOS:000174181400012 ER PT J AU Bavari, S Bosio, CM Wiegand, E Ruthel, G Will, AB Geisbert, TW Hevey, M Schmaljohn, C Schmaljohn, A Aman, MJ AF Bavari, S Bosio, CM Wiegand, E Ruthel, G Will, AB Geisbert, TW Hevey, M Schmaljohn, C Schmaljohn, A Aman, MJ TI Lipid raft microdomains: A gateway for compartmentalized trafficking of Ebola and Marburg viruses SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE filovirus; Ebola; rafts; budding; VLP ID MATRIX PROTEIN VP40; T-CELL ACTIVATION; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; PARTICLES; ENTRY; GLYCOPROTEIN; CHOLESTEROL; PROTECTION; INFECTION; VACCINE AB Spatiotemporal aspects of filovirus entry and release are poorly understood. Lipid rafts act as functional platforms for multiple cellular signaling and trafficking processes. Here, we report the compartmentalization of Ebola and Marburg viral proteins within lipid rafts during viral assembly and budding. Filoviruses released from infected cells incorporated raft-associated molecules, suggesting that viral exit occurs at the rafts. Ectopic expression of Ebola matrix protein and glycoprotein supported raft-dependent release of filamentous, virus-like particles (VLPs), strikingly similar to live virus as revealed by electron microscopy. Our findings also revealed that the entry of filoviruses requires functional rafts, identifying rafts as the site of virus attack. The identification of rafts as the gateway for the entry and exit of filoviruses and raft-dependent generation of VLPs have important implications for development of therapeutics and vaccination strategies against infections with Ebola and Marburg viruses. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Dept Cell Biol & Biochem, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. Clin Res Management Inc, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Bavari, S (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Dept Cell Biol & Biochem, 1425 Porter St, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RI Bosio, Catharine/D-7456-2015 NR 51 TC 290 Z9 303 U1 2 U2 46 PU ROCKEFELLER UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 1114 FIRST AVE, 4TH FL, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0022-1007 J9 J EXP MED JI J. Exp. Med. PD MAR 4 PY 2002 VL 195 IS 5 BP 593 EP 602 DI 10.1084/jem.20011500 PG 10 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 560ZB UT WOS:000176110300007 PM 11877482 ER PT J AU Kamimori, GH Karyekar, CS Otterstetter, R Cox, DS Balkin, TJ Belenky, GL Eddington, ND AF Kamimori, GH Karyekar, CS Otterstetter, R Cox, DS Balkin, TJ Belenky, GL Eddington, ND TI The rate of absorption and relative bioavailability of caffeine administered in chewing gum versus capsules to normal healthy volunteers SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS LA English DT Article DE caffeine; chewing gum; relative bioavailability; rate of absorption ID ALERTNESS; PLASMA AB Objective:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the rate of absorption and relative bioavailability of caffeine from a Stay Alert(R) chewing gum and capsule formulation. Methods: This was a double blind, parallel, randomized, seven treatment study. The treatment groups were: 50, 100, and 200 mg gum, 50, 100, and 200 mg capsule, and a placebo. Subjects consisted of 84 (n = 12 per group); healthy, non-smoking, males who had abstained from caffeine ingestion for at least 20 h prior to dosing and were randomly assigned to the treatment groups. Blood samples were collected pre-dose and at 5, 15, 25, 35, 45, 55, 65, 90 min and 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16 and 29 h post administration. Plasma caffeine levels were analyzed by a validated UV-HPLC method. Results: Mean T-max for the gum groups ranged from 44.2 to 80.4 min as compared with 84.0-120.0 min for the capsule groups. The T-max for the pooled data was significantly lower (P < 0.05) for the gum groups as compared with the capsule groups. Differences in T-max were significant for the 200 mg capsule versus 200 mg gum (P < 0.05). The mean k(a) values for the gum group ranged from 3.21 to 3.96 h(-1) and for the capsule groups ranged from 1.29 to 2.36 h(-1). Relative bioavailability of the gum formulation after the 50, 100 and 200 mg dose was 64, 74 and 77%, respectively. When normalized to the total drug released from the gum (85%), the relative bioavailability of the 50, 100 and 200 mg dose were 75, 87, and 90%, respectively. No statistical differences were found for C-max and AUC(inf) for comparisons of the gum and capsule formulations at each dose. Within each dose level, there were no significant formulation related differences in C-max. No significant differences were observed in the elimination of caffeine after the gum or capsule. Conclusions: The results suggest that the rate of drug absorption from the gum formulation was significantly faster and may indicate absorption via the buccal mucosa. In addition, for the 100 and 200 mg groups, the gum and capsule formulations provide near comparable amounts of caffeine to the systemic circulation. These findings suggest that there may be an earlier onset of pharmacological effects of caffeine delivered as the gum formulation, which is advantageous in situations where the rapid reversal of alertness and performance deficits resulting from sleep loss is desirable. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Maryland, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Pharmacokinet Biopharmaceut Lab, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Neurobiol & Behav, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Eddington, ND (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Pharmacokinet Biopharmaceut Lab, AHB 540C,100 Penn St, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. NR 17 TC 89 Z9 94 U1 3 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-5173 J9 INT J PHARM JI Int. J. Pharm. PD MAR 2 PY 2002 VL 234 IS 1-2 BP 159 EP 167 AR PII S0378-5173(01)00958-9 DI 10.1016/S0378-5173(01)00958-9 PG 9 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 525PL UT WOS:000174080100015 PM 11839447 ER PT J AU Hinton, R Moody, RL Davis, AW Thomas, SF AF Hinton, R Moody, RL Davis, AW Thomas, SF TI Osteoarthritis: Diagnosis and therapeutic considerations SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Article ID OF-RHEUMATOLOGY CRITERIA; OSTEO-ARTHRITIS; KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS; PARTIAL MENISCECTOMY; MEDICAL-MANAGEMENT; CONTROLLED TRIAL; OLDER ADULTS; HIP; RISK; CLASSIFICATION AB Osteoarthritis is a common rheumatologic disorder. It is estimated that 40 million Americans and 70 to 90 percent of persons older than 75 years are affected by osteoarthritis. Although symptoms of osteoarthritis occur earlier in women, the prevalence among men and women is equal. in addition to age, risk factors include joint injury, obesity, and mechanical stress. The diagnosis is largely clinical because radiographic findings do not always correlate with symptoms. Knowledge of the etiology and pathogenesis of the disease process aids in prevention and management. Acetaminophen and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications remain first-line drugs. Agents such as cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors and sodium hyaluronate joint injections offer new treatment alternatives. Complementary medication use has also increased. Therapeutic goals include minimizing symptoms and improving function. C1 Dwight D Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Family Practice Clin, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. RP Moody, RL (reprint author), Dwight D Eisenhower Army Med Ctr, Family Practice Clin, Ft Gordon, GA 30905 USA. NR 44 TC 94 Z9 97 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 USA SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD MAR 1 PY 2002 VL 65 IS 5 BP 841 EP 848 PG 8 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 528RB UT WOS:000174255800006 PM 11898956 ER PT J AU Kiang, JG Kiang, SC Juang, YT Tsokos, GC AF Kiang, JG Kiang, SC Juang, YT Tsokos, GC TI N-omega-nitro-L-arginine inhibits inducible HSP-70 via Ca2+, PKC, and PKA in human intestinal epithelial T84 cells SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-GASTROINTESTINAL AND LIVER PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE heat; nitric oxide; heat shock protein; protein kinase C; protein kinase A ID MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; PROTEIN-KINASE-C; EPIDERMOID A-431 CELLS; SMOOTH-MUSCLE-CELLS; HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINS; OXIDE SYNTHASE; ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION; HEMORRHAGIC-SHOCK; HEAT-SHOCK-PROTEIN-70 EXPRESSION; 72 KDA AB The nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor N-omega-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA) inhibits heat stress (HS)-induced NO production and the inducible 70-kDa heat shock protein (HSP-70i) in many rodent organs. We used human intestinal epithelial T84 cells to characterize the inhibitory effect of L-NNA on HS-induced HSP-70i expression. Intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+](i)) was measured using fura-2, and protein kinase C (PKC), and PKA activities were determined. HS increased HSP-70i mRNA and protein in T84 cells exposed to 45degreesC for 10 min and allowed to recover for 6 h. L-NNA treatment for 1 h before HS inhibited the induction of HSP-70i mRNA and protein, with an IC50 of 0.0471 +/- 0.0007 muM. Because the HS-induced increase in HSP-70i mRNA and protein is Ca2+ dependent, we measured [Ca2+](i) after treating cells with L-NNA. L-NNA at 100 muM significantly decreased resting [Ca2+](i). Likewise, treatment with 1 muM GF-109203X or H-89 (inhibitors of PKC and PKA, respectively) for 30 min also significantly decreased [Ca2+](i) and inhibited HS-induced increase in HSP-70i. GF-109203X- or H-89-treated cells failed to respond to L-NNA by further decreasing [Ca2+](i) and HSP-70i. L-NNA effectively blocked heat shock factor-1 (HSF1) translocation from the cytosol to the nucleus, a process requiring PKC phosphorylation. These results suggest that L-NNA inhibits HSP-70i by reducing [Ca2+](i) and decreasing PKC and PKA activity, thereby blocking HSF1 translocation from the cytosol to the nucleus. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Cellular Injury, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Pharmacol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Kiang, JG (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Cellular Injury, 503 Robert Glen Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Juliann.Kiang@na.amedd.army.mil NR 54 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0193-1857 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-GASTR L JI Am. J. Physiol.-Gastroint. Liver Physiol. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 282 IS 3 BP G415 EP G423 DI 10.1152/ajpgi.00138.2001 PG 9 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Physiology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Physiology GA 525UE UT WOS:000174091800003 PM 11841991 ER PT J AU Hypolite, IO Bucci, J Hshieh, P Cruess, D Agodoa, LYC Yuan, CM Taylor, AJ Abbott, KC AF Hypolite, IO Bucci, J Hshieh, P Cruess, D Agodoa, LYC Yuan, CM Taylor, AJ Abbott, KC TI Acute coronary syndromes after renal transplantation in patients with end-stage renal disease resulting from diabetes SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Article DE acute coronary syndromes; congestive heart failure; diabetes mellitus; end-stage renal disease; hospitalization; myocardial infarction; renal transplant; unstable angina; USRDS ID DIALYSIS PATIENTS; PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM; HEART-DISEASE; RISK-FACTORS; RECIPIENTS; COMPLICATIONS; MORTALITY; SURVIVAL AB Coronary heart disease is the leading cause of death in both diabetes mellitus and end-stage renal disease. Although renal transplantation is known to reduce mortality in end-stage renal disease, its effect on the incidence of acute coronary syndromes is unknown. Using data from the United States Renal Data System, we studied 11369 patients with end-stage renal disease due to diabetes enrolled on the renal and renal-pancreas transplant waiting list from 1 July 1994 to 30 June 1997. Cox nonproportional hazards regression models were used to calculate the adjusted, time-dependent relative risk for the most recent hospitalization for acute coronary syndromes (including acute myocardial infarction, unstable angina, or other acute coronary syndromes, ICD9 Code 410.x or 411.x) for a given patient in the study period. Demographics and comorbidities were controlled by using data from the medical evidence form (HCFA 2728). After renal transplantation, patients had an incidence of acute coronary syndromes of 0.79% per patient year, compared to 1.67% per patient year prior to transplantation. In comparison to maintenance dialysis, renal transplantation was independently associated with a lower risk for acute coronary syndromes (hazard ratio 0.38, 95% confidence interval, 0.30-0.49). Patients with end-stage renal disease due to diabetes on the renal transplant waiting list were much less likely to be hospitalized for acute coronary syndromes after renal transplantation. The reasons for this decreased risk should be the subject of further study. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Nephrol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NIDDK, Off Minor Hlth Res Coordinat, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. USUHS, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Abbott, KC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Nephrol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. OI Abbott, Kevin/0000-0003-2111-7112 NR 32 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 1600-6135 J9 AM J TRANSPLANT JI Am. J. Transplant. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 2 IS 3 BP 274 EP 281 DI 10.1034/j.1600-6143.2002.20313.x PG 8 WC Surgery; Transplantation SC Surgery; Transplantation GA 547WN UT WOS:000175355900012 PM 12096791 ER PT J AU Torrence, KM McDaniel, RL Self, DA Chang, MJ AF Torrence, KM McDaniel, RL Self, DA Chang, MJ TI Slurry sampling for the determination of arsenic, cadmium, and lead in mainstream cigarette smoke condensate by graphite furnace-atomic absorption spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE mainstream cigarette smoke condensate; slurry samples; trace metal analysis ID NEUTRON-ACTIVATION ANALYSIS; ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO-SMOKE; ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATION; TRACE-ELEMENTS; SERUM; SELENIUM; SEAFOOD; MERCURY; COPPER; NICKEL AB The slurry sampling technique has been applied for the determination of As, Cd, and Pb in mainstream cigarette smoke condensate (MS CSC) by graphite furnace-atomic absorption spectrometry (GF-AAS) and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The MS CSC of the 1R4F Reference Cigarette was collected by electrostatic precipitation and was subsequently prepared as two slurry samples with and without the dispersing agent Triton X-100. Comparison of results determined by ICP-MS analyses of the 1R4F MS CSC slurry samples with those from the conventional microwave digestion method revealed good agreement. The precision of Triton X-100 slurry sampling and of microwave-assisted digestion was better than 10% RSD, and both were superior to slurry sampling without use of Triton X-100. The accuracy of the analytical results for the Triton X-100 slurry sample was further verified by graphite furnace-atomic absorption spectrometry (GF-AAS). For GF-AAS, the method limits of detection are 1.6, 0.04, and 0.5 mug L-1 for As, Cd, and Pb, respectively. For ICP-MS, the method limits of detection are 0.06, 0.01, and 0.38 mug L-1 for As, Cd, and Pb, respectively. The MS CSC of the 1R4F Reference Cigarette was collected in accordance with the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) smoking regime (35 mL puff volume of 2-s puff duration at an interval of 60 s) and the concentrations of As, Cd and Pb were 6.0+/-0.5, 69.3+/-2.8, and 42.0+/-2.1 ng/cigarette, respectively. C1 Philip Morris Inc, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Richmond, VA 23234 USA. RP Chang, MJ (reprint author), Philip Morris Inc, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, 4201 Commerce Rd, Richmond, VA 23234 USA. NR 33 TC 29 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 17 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 372 IS 5-6 BP 723 EP 731 DI 10.1007/s00216-001-1226-2 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 562EY UT WOS:000176185500020 PM 11941445 ER PT J AU Hess, S Cassels, FJ Pannell, LK AF Hess, S Cassels, FJ Pannell, LK TI Identification and characterization of hydrophobic Escherichia coli virulence proteins by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry SO ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry; hydrophobic protein; virulence proteins; colonization factor; hexafluoroisopropanol; cyanogen bromide; peptide mapping; electrospray ionization mass spectrometry ID FACTOR ANTIGEN-I; COLONIZATION FACTOR; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; DIARRHEA; GENES; PILI; HEXAFLUOROISOPROPANOL; PURIFICATION; PEPTIDES; FIMBRIAE AB Virulence of enterotoxicogenic Escherichia coli is mediated by rodlike, rigid, highly hydrophobic proteins designated fimbriae or colonization factors (CFs). More than 20 different colonization factors have been described so far using predominantly immunological and genetic methods. To characterize these hydrophobic proteins by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), different methodologies were explored. A novel LC-MS method was developed using hexafluoroisopropanol to maintain the hydrophobic proteins in solution. In addition, these proteins were digested with cyanogen bromide and peptide mapping by LC-MS was established. This technique was particularly useful in identification of closely related CFs. Both LC-MS and peptide mapping methodologies were found to be useful in characterizing highly hydrophobic CFs of E. coli. To search for molecular weights of mature proteins in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database, a new feature was developed and its applicability tested. The identification of a class of pathogenic virulence proteins, either intact or digested, is possible with molecular weight database searching. C1 NIDDKD, Struct Mass Spectrometry Facil, Bioorgan Chem Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Enter Infect, Div Communicable Dis & Immunol, Silver Spring, MD 20902 USA. RP Hess, S (reprint author), NIDDKD, Struct Mass Spectrometry Facil, Bioorgan Chem Lab, NIH, Bldg 8,Room B2A21, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RI Hess, Sonja/K-4842-2013 OI Hess, Sonja/0000-0002-5904-9816 NR 32 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0003-2697 J9 ANAL BIOCHEM JI Anal. Biochem. PD MAR 1 PY 2002 VL 302 IS 1 BP 123 EP 130 DI 10.1006/abio.2001.5534 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 523WX UT WOS:000173981500016 PM 11846385 ER PT J AU Emerson, LR Nau, ME Martin, RK Kyle, DE Vahey, M Wirth, DF AF Emerson, LR Nau, ME Martin, RK Kyle, DE Vahey, M Wirth, DF TI Relationship between chloroquine toxicity and iron acquisition in Saccharomyces cerevisiae SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; ANTIMALARIAL-DRUGS; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; QUINOLINE ANTIMALARIALS; HEMATIN POLYMERIZATION; GENE HOMOLOG; RESISTANCE; INHIBITION; MALARIA; YEAST AB Chloroquine is one of the most effective antimalarials, but resistance to it is becoming widespread. However, we do not fully understand either the drug's mode of action or the mechanism of resistance. In an effort to expand our understanding of the mechanism of action and resistance associated with chloroquine, we used Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model eukaryotic system. To aid in the discovery of potential drug targets we applied the transcriptional profiling method to identify genes transcriptionally responsive to chloroquine treatment in S. cerevisiae. Among the genes that were differentially expressed with chloroquine treatment were a number of metal transporters involved in iron acquisition (SIT1, ARN2, ARN4, and SMF2). These genes exhibit similar expression patterns, and several are known to be regulated by AFT1, a DNA binding protein, which responds to iron levels in the cell. We investigated the role of chloroquine in iron metabolism by using a variety of approaches, including pharmacological, genetic, and biochemical techniques. For these experiments, we utilized yeast lacking the major iron uptake pathways (FET3 and FET4) and yeast deficient in SIT1, encoding the major up-regulated iron siderophore transporter. Our experiments show that yeast genetically or environmentally limited in iron availability has increased sensitivity to chloroquine in pharmacological assays and that the addition of iron rescues these cells from chloroquine killing. (FeCl3)-Fe-55 accumulation was inhibited in the presence of chloroquine, and kinetic analysis demonstrated that inhibition was competitive. These results are consistent with deprivation of iron as a mechanism of chloroquine killing in yeast. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Immunol & Infect Dis, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn Adv Mil Med, Rockville, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Retrovirol, Washington, DC USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Washington, DC USA. RP Wirth, DF (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Immunol & Infect Dis, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI27872-11] NR 63 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 46 IS 3 BP 787 EP 796 DI 10.1128/AAC.46.3.787-796.2002 PG 10 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 522QR UT WOS:000173908900026 PM 11850263 ER PT J AU Brendle, JJ Outlaw, A Kumar, A Boykin, DW Patrick, DA Tidwell, RR Werbovetz, KA AF Brendle, JJ Outlaw, A Kumar, A Boykin, DW Patrick, DA Tidwell, RR Werbovetz, KA TI Antileishmanial activities of several classes of aromatic dications SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID ANTIPNEUMOCYSTIS CARINII AGENTS; DNA-BINDING AFFINITY; VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS; PENTAMIDINE ISETHIONATE; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-PARVUM; PNEUMONIA ACTIVITY; DONOVANI; ANALOGS; MODEL; AMAZONENSIS AB Aromatic dicationic molecules possess impressive activity against a broad spectrum of microbial pathogens, including Pneumocystis carinii, Cryptosporidium parvum, and Candida albicans. In this work, 58 aromatic cations were examined for inhibitory activity against axenic amastigote-like Leishmania donovani parasites. In general, the most potent of the compounds were substituted diphenyl furan and thiophene dications. 2,5-Bis-(4-amidinophenyl)thiophene was the most active compound. This agent displayed a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 0.42 +/- 0.08 muM against L. donovani and an in vitro antileishmanial potency 6.2-fold greater than that of the clinical antileishmanial dication pentamidine and was 155-fold more toxic to the parasites than to a mouse macrophage cell line. 2,4-Bis-(4-amidinopheny)furan was twice as active as pentamidine (IC50, 1.30 +/- 0.21 muM), while 2,5-bis-(4-amidinopheny)furan and pentamidine were essentially equipotent in our in vitro antileishmanial assay. Carbazoles, dibenzofurans, dibenzothiophenes, and benzimidazoles containing amidine or substituted amidine groups were generally less active than the diphenyl furans and thiophenes. In all cases, aromatic dications possessing strong antileishmanial activity were severalfold more toxic to the parasites than to a cultured mouse macrophage cell line. These structure-activity relationships demonstrate the potent antileishmanial activity of several aromatic dications and provide valuable information for the future design and synthesis of more potent antiparasitic agents. C1 Ohio State Univ, Coll Pharm, Div Med Chem & Pharmacognosy, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Georgia State Univ, Dept Chem, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Pathol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Werbovetz, KA (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Coll Pharm, Div Med Chem & Pharmacognosy, 500 W 12th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RI Werbovetz, Karl/E-4290-2011 NR 35 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 46 IS 3 BP 797 EP 807 DI 10.1128/AAC.46.3.797-807.2002 PG 11 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 522QR UT WOS:000173908900027 PM 11850264 ER PT J AU Baker, RO Bray, M Herrera, R Huggins, JW AF Baker, RO Bray, M Herrera, R Huggins, JW TI Potential antiviral therapeutics for smallpox, monkeypox and other orthopoxvirus infections SO ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Dept Viral Therapeut, Div Virol, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-3542 J9 ANTIVIR RES JI Antiviral Res. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 53 IS 3 SI SI MA 96 BP A63 EP A63 PG 1 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA 534KT UT WOS:000174586100098 ER PT J AU Baker, RO Bray, M Raymond, JL Geisbert, T AF Baker, RO Bray, M Raymond, JL Geisbert, T TI 3-deazaneplanocin A induces massively increased interferon-alpha production in Ebola virus-infected mice SO ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Dept Viral Therapeut, Div Virol, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Pathol, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-3542 J9 ANTIVIR RES JI Antiviral Res. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 53 IS 3 SI SI MA 15 BP A39 EP A39 PG 1 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA 534KT UT WOS:000174586100016 ER PT J AU Huggins, JW Baker, RO Beadle, JR Hostetler, KY AF Huggins, JW Baker, RO Beadle, JR Hostetler, KY TI Orally active ether lipid prodrugs of cidofovir for the treatment of smallpox SO ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92161 USA. NR 0 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-3542 J9 ANTIVIR RES JI Antiviral Res. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 53 IS 3 SI SI MA 104 BP A66 EP A66 PG 1 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA 534KT UT WOS:000174586100109 ER PT J AU Smee, DF Sidwell, RW Kefauver, D Bray, M Huggins, JW AF Smee, DF Sidwell, RW Kefauver, D Bray, M Huggins, JW TI Inhibition of wild-type and cidofovir-resistant strains of camelpox, cowpox, monkeypox, and vaccinia viruses by selected antiviral agents. SO ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Utah State Univ, Inst Antiviral Res, Logan, UT 84322 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-3542 J9 ANTIVIR RES JI Antiviral Res. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 53 IS 3 SI SI MA 103 BP A66 EP A66 PG 1 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA 534KT UT WOS:000174586100107 ER PT J AU Karasch, C Popovic, M Qasim, M Bajpai, RK AF Karasch, C Popovic, M Qasim, M Bajpai, RK TI Alkali hydrolysis of trinitrotoluene SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals CY MAY 06-09, 2001 CL BRECKENRIDGE, CO SP US DOE, Off Fuels Dev, US DOE, Off Ind Technologies, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Argonne Natl Lab, Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Amer Chem Soc, Div Biochem Technol, Archer Daniels Midland, Adv Technol Prog, BBI Int Inc, Breckenridge Brewery, Cargill Dow LLC, Calif Inst Food & Agr Res, Coore Brewing Co, Corn Refiners Assoc, Diversa Corp, EI DuPont Nemours & Co, Iogen Corp, Nat Res, Canada, Royal Nedalco BV, Novozymes Biotech, Tate & Lyle, Tembec DE 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene; alkali; hydrolysis; ultraviolet-visible spectra; metabolites ID HIGHLY CONTAMINATED SOILS; NITROAROMATIC CONTAMINANTS; 2,4,6-TRINITROTOLUENE; BIOREMEDIATION; METABOLITES; KINETICS; COMPLEX; WATER; TNT AB Data for alkali hydrolysis of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) in aqueous solution at pH 12.0 under static (pH-controlled) as well as dynamic (pH-uncontrolled) conditions are reported. The experiments were conducted at two different molar ratios of TNT to hydroxyl ions at room temperature. The TNT disappeared rapidly from the solution as a first-order reaction. The complete disappearance of aromatic structure from the aqueous solution within 24 h was confirmed by the ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) spectra of the samples. Cuvet experiments in a UV-VIS spectrophotometer demonstrated the formation of Meisenheimer complex, which slowly disappeared via formation of aromatic compounds with fewer nitro groups. The known metabolites of TNT were found to accumulate only in very small quantities in the liquid phase. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Chem Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS USA. Tech Fachhsch Berlin, Berlin, Germany. RP Bajpai, RK (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Chem Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM bajpair@missouri.edu NR 22 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD SPR PY 2002 VL 98 BP 1173 EP 1185 DI 10.1385/ABAB:98-100:1-9:1173 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 546DZ UT WOS:000175257800100 PM 12018239 ER PT J AU Huang, ZP Wang, DZ Wen, JG Sennett, M Gibson, H Ren, ZF AF Huang, ZP Wang, DZ Wen, JG Sennett, M Gibson, H Ren, ZF TI Effect of nickel, iron and cobalt on growth of aligned carbon nanotubes SO APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; LARGE-SCALE AB The effect of pure nickel, iron and cobalt on growth of aligned carbon nanotubes was systematically studied by plasma-enhanced hot-filament chemical vapor deposition. It is found that the catalyst has a strong effect on the nanotube diameter, growth rate, wall thickness, morphology and microstructure. Ni yields the highest growth rate, largest diameter and thickest wall, whereas Co results in the lowest growth rate, smallest diameter and thinnest wall. The carbon nanotubes catalyzed by Ni have the best alignment and the smoothest and cleanest wall surface, whereas those from Co are covered with amorphous carbon and nanoparticles on the outer surface. The carbon nanotubes produced from Ni catalyst also exhibit a reasonably good graphitization. Therefore, Ni is considered as the most suitable catalyst for growth of aligned carbon nanotubes. C1 Boston Coll, Dept Phys, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. USA, Soldier & Biol Chem Command, Natick Soldier Ctr, Mat Sci Team, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Ren, ZF (reprint author), Boston Coll, Dept Phys, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. RI Ren, Zhifeng/B-4275-2014 NR 18 TC 125 Z9 130 U1 2 U2 35 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0947-8396 J9 APPL PHYS A-MATER JI Appl. Phys. A-Mater. Sci. Process. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 74 IS 3 BP 387 EP 391 DI 10.1007/s003390101186 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 534VZ UT WOS:000174611600012 ER PT J AU Ulrich, MP AF Ulrich, MP TI Developing mature national security systems in post-communist states: The Czech Republic and Slovakia SO ARMED FORCES & SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB This article links underdeveloped national security systems with poor defense capabilities in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. The problems highlighted in the Czech and Slovak cases are indicative of the struggle across the postcommunist political space to grow mature national security systems. National security professionals' ability to participate collaboratively in the national security process is limited by the lack of professionals with specific and overlapping areas of political-military expertise. The article spells out specific deficiencies within the Czech and Slovak national security systems. Unfocused governmental leadership and guidance, the absence of involved and informed parliaments, the lack of professionally mature media capable of facilitating a national debate on defense issues, and defense ministries and general staffs resistant to reform all contribute to the underperformance of national security institutions. The current efforts to fundamentally transform the Czech and Slovak militaries are also addressed with an eye toward analyzing and predicting the obstacles to their implementation. C1 USA, War Coll, Dept Natl Secur & Strategy, Carlisle, PA 17013 USA. RP Ulrich, MP (reprint author), USA, War Coll, Dept Natl Secur & Strategy, 122 Forbes Ave, Carlisle, PA 17013 USA. NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANSACTION PERIOD CONSORTIUM PI PISCATAWAY PA RUTGERS UNIV, DEPT 8010, 35 BERRUE CIRCLE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08854-8042 USA SN 0095-327X J9 ARMED FORCES SOC JI Armed Forces Soc. PD SPR PY 2002 VL 28 IS 3 BP 403 EP + DI 10.1177/0095327X0202800304 PG 24 WC Political Science; Sociology SC Government & Law; Sociology GA 575QR UT WOS:000176959600003 ER PT J AU Scobell, A AF Scobell, A TI Crouching Korea, hidden China - Bush administration policy toward Pyongyang and Beijing SO ASIAN SURVEY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on the Bush Administrations Security Policy and Northeast Asia CY MAY, 2001 CL HONG KONG, PEOPLES R CHINA C1 USA, War Coll, Strateg Studies Inst, Carlisle, PA 17013 USA. RP Scobell, A (reprint author), USA, War Coll, Strateg Studies Inst, Carlisle Barracks, Carlisle, PA 17013 USA. NR 75 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CALIF PRESS PI BERKELEY PA C/O JOURNALS DIVISION, 2000 CENTER ST, STE 303, BERKELEY, CA 94704-1223 USA SN 0004-4687 J9 ASIAN SURV JI Asian Surv. PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 42 IS 2 BP 343 EP 368 DI 10.1525/as.2002.42.2.343 PG 26 WC Area Studies SC Area Studies GA 546YN UT WOS:000175304700007 ER PT J AU Matthew, CB Sils, IV Bastille, AM AF Matthew, CB Sils, IV Bastille, AM TI Tissue-specific extravasation of albumin-bound Evans blue in hypothermic and rewarmed rats SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hypothermia; rewarming; vascular permeability; Evans blue; endothelium; anesthesia; thermoregulation ID BLOOD-BRAIN-BARRIER; VASCULAR-PERMEABILITY; PLASMA EXTRAVASATION; METABOLISM; SYSTEM; CELLS AB The effects of hypothermia and rewarming on endothelial integrity were examined in intestines, kidney, heart, gastrocnemius muscle, liver, spleen, and brain by measuring albumin-bound Evans blue loss from the vasculature. Ten groups of twelve rats, normothermic with no pentobarbital, normothermic sampled at 2, 3, or 4 h after pentobarbital, hypothermic to 20, 25, or 30degreesC, and rewarmed from 20, 25, or 30degreesC, were cooled in copper coils through which water circulated. Hypothermic rats were cooled to the desired core temperature and maintained there for 1 h; rewarmed rats were cooled to the same core temperatures, maintained there for 1 h, and then rewarmed. Following Evans blue administration, animals were euthanized with methoxyflurane, tissues removed, and Evans blue extracted. Because hypothermia and rewarming significantly decrease blood flow, organ-specific flow rates for hypothermic and rewarmed tissues were used to predict extravasation. Hypothermia decreased extravasation in tissues with continuous endothelium (brain, muscle) and increased it in tissues with discontinuous endothelium (liver, lung, spleen). All tissues exhibited significant (p < 0.05) differences from normothermic controls. These differences are attributed to a combination of anesthesia, flow, and (or) change in endothelial permeability, suggesting that appropriate choice of organ and temperature would facilitate testing pharmacological means of promoting return to normal perfusion. C1 USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Matthew, CB (reprint author), USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 31 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4212 J9 CAN J PHYSIOL PHARM JI Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 80 IS 3 BP 233 EP 243 DI 10.1139/Y02-044 PG 11 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Physiology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Physiology GA 533ZG UT WOS:000174559700009 PM 11991235 ER PT J AU Corron, NJ Pethel, SD AF Corron, NJ Pethel, SD TI Control of long-period orbits and arbitrary trajectories in chaotic systems using dynamic limiting SO CHAOS LA English DT Article ID CARDIAC CHAOS; COMMUNICATION; SYNCHRONIZATION; OSCILLATORS; NOISE AB We demonstrate experimental control of long-period orbits and arbitrary chaotic trajectories using a new chaos control technique called dynamic limiting. Based on limiter control, dynamic limiting uses a predetermined sequence of limiter levels applied to the chaotic system to stabilize natural states of the system. The limiter sequence is clocked by the natural return time of the chaotic system such that the oscillator sees a new limiter level for each peak return. We demonstrate control of period-8 and period-34 unstable periodic orbits in a low-frequency circuit and provide evidence that the control perturbations are minimal. We also demonstrate control of an arbitrary waveform by replaying a sequence captured from the uncontrolled oscillator, achieving a form of delayed self-synchronization. Finally, we discuss the use of dynamic limiting for high-frequency chaos communications. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 USA, Aviat & Missile Command, AMSAM RD WS ST, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Corron, NJ (reprint author), USA, Aviat & Missile Command, AMSAM RD WS ST, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. OI Corron, Ned/0000-0002-3232-5024 NR 26 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1054-1500 J9 CHAOS JI Chaos PD MAR PY 2002 VL 12 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1063/1.1429966 PG 7 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 527JA UT WOS:000174181900001 ER PT J AU Kelly, WF Eliasson, AH Stocker, DJ Hnatiuk, OW AF Kelly, WF Eliasson, AH Stocker, DJ Hnatiuk, OW TI Do specialists differ on do-not-resuscitate decisions? SO CHEST LA English DT Article DE advance directives; cardiopulmonary resuscitation; do-not-resuscitate; end-of-life; resuscitation; specialists; specialty; training ID LIFE-SUSTAINING TREATMENT; OF-LIFE; PREFERENCES; CARE; SUPPORT; ORDERS AB Study objective: Opinions regarding do-not-resuscitate (DNR) decisions differ between individual physicians. We attempted to determine whether the strength of DNR recommendations varies with medical specialty and experience. Design: Written survey. Participants: Physicians from the pulmonarv/ctitical-care medicine (PCCM), cardiology, internal medicine, gastroenterology, hematology/oncology, and infectious disease services as well as the Department of Medicine house staff at our tertiary-care referral center participated in the study. Interventions: Physicians were asked confidentially to quantify the strength of their opinions on discussing and recommending DNR orders for each of 20 vignettes made from the summaries of actual cases. Reasons for their opinions and demographic data also were recorded. Measurements and results: One hundred fifteen of 155 physicians (74%) responded. PCCM physicians (mean [+/-SD] DNR score, 157 +/- 22) more strongly recommended DNR orders than cardiologists (mean DNR score, 122 +/- 32; p = 0.006), house staff (mean DNR score, 132 +/- 24; p = 0.014), and general internists (mean DNR score, 129 +/- 30; p = 0.043). PCCM physicians also trended toward recommending DNR orders for more of the 20 patients described in the vignettes compared to cardiologists (mean DNR number, 16.5 +/- 3.0 vs 11.9 +/- 5.8, respectively; p = 0.066). There were no differences between PCCM physicians and hematology/oncology, infectious disease, and gastroenterology specialists. Among the house staff the likelihood of recommending a DNR order correlated significantly with increasing years of experience (r = 0.45; p = 0.002). The opposite trend was present in the specialty staff groups. No significant differences in opinion by, gender, religion, or personal experiences were found. Conclusions: The strength of DNR order recommendations varies with medicine specialty and years of training and experience. An awareness of these differences and the determination of the reasons behind them may help to target educational interventions and to ensure effective collaboration with colleagues and communication with patients. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Pulm & Crit Care Med Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Kelly, WF (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Pulm & Crit Care Med Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 20 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 6 U2 8 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 USA SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD MAR PY 2002 VL 121 IS 3 BP 957 EP 963 DI 10.1378/chest.121.3.957 PG 7 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 531YZ UT WOS:000174446000043 PM 11888982 ER PT J AU Netzer, N AF Netzer, N TI Interpretation of home oximetry tracings - Reply SO CHEST LA English DT Letter C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Pulm & Crit Care Med Serv, Dept Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Netzer, N (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Pulm & Crit Care Med Serv, Dept Med, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 USA SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD MAR PY 2002 VL 121 IS 3 BP 1007 EP 1007 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 531YZ UT WOS:000174446000065 ER PT J AU Abbott, KC Agodoa, LY AF Abbott, KC Agodoa, LY TI Polycystic kidney disease at end-stage renal disease in the United States: patient characteristics and survival SO CLINICAL NEPHROLOGY LA English DT Article DE polycystic kidney disease; Caucasian; female; EPO; peritoneal dialysis; transplantation; complications; dialysis; USRDS; age; albumin; hemoglobin; weight; dysrhythmias; mortality; frequency ID PERITONEAL-DIALYSIS; HEMODIALYSIS AB Background: The patient characteristics and mortality associated with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease have not been characterized fora national sample of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. Methods: 375,152 patients in the United States Renal Data System were initiated on ESRD therapy (including patients who eventually received renal transplants) between January 1, 1992 and June 30, 1997 and analyzed in an historical cohort study of polycystic kidney disease. Results: Of the study population, 5,799 (1.5%) had polycystic kidney disease. In logistic regression, polycystic kidney disease was associated with Caucasian race (odds ratio 3.31, 95%; CI, 3.09 - 3.54), women (1.10, 1.04 - 1.16), receipt of renal transplant (4.15, 3.87 - 4.45), peritoneal dialysis (vs. hemodialysis, 1.37, 1.27 - 1.49), younger age, and more recent year of first treatment for ESRD. Use of pre-dialysis EPO but not the level of serum hemoglobin at initiation of ESRD was significantly higher in patients with polycystic kidney disease. Patients with polycystic kidney disease had lower mortality compared to patients with other causes of ESRD, but patients with polycystic kidney disease had a higher adjusted risk of mortality associated with hemodialysis (vs. peritoneal dialysis) compared to patients with other causes of ESRD (hazard ratio 1.40, 1.13 - 1.75). Conclusions: Hematocrit at presentation to ESRD was not significantly different in patients with polycystic kidney disease compared with patients with other causes of ESRD. Peritoneal dialysis is a more frequent modality than hemodialysis in patients with polycystic kidney disease, and patients with polycystic kidney disease had an adjusted survival benefit associated with peritoneal dialysis, compared to patients with other causes of renal disease. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Nephrol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD USA. NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Abbott, KC (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Serv Nephrol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. OI Abbott, Kevin/0000-0003-2111-7112 NR 16 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU DUSTRI-VERLAG DR KARL FEISTLE PI OBERHACHING PA BAJUWARENRING 4, D-82041 OBERHACHING, GERMANY SN 0301-0430 J9 CLIN NEPHROL JI Clin. Nephrol. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 57 IS 3 BP 208 EP 214 PG 7 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 529NY UT WOS:000174306600005 PM 11924752 ER PT J AU Montilla-Soler, JL Bridwell, RS AF Montilla-Soler, JL Bridwell, RS TI Tc-99m depreotide scintigraphy of breast carcinoma SO CLINICAL NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material DE breast cancer; depreotide; nuclear medicine; scinitigraphy; somatostatin; technetium ID CANCER; MANAGEMENT; TUMOR AB A 67-year-old woman with history of benign bilateral breast biopsies was examined for a bloody nipple discharge from the right breast accompanied by erythema, swelling, and tenderness. A diagnostic mammogram performed on January 10, 2001 revealed a right retroareolar mass with skin thickening, nipple retraction, and right axillary lymph node enlargement. A right breast skin biopsy performed on the same day revealed infiltrating adenocarcinoma of mammary gland origin. A prone SPECT scintimammogram using Tc-99m depreotide performed on January 25, 2001 showed concordant increased uptake within the right retroareolar breast parenchyma and axillary lymph nodes. Preoperative evaluation of the neoplastic potential of breast lesions and presurgical staging of breast carcinoma using Tc-99m depreotide is promising and is being investigated at the authors' institution. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Nucl Med Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Montilla-Soler, JL (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Nucl Med Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0363-9762 J9 CLIN NUCL MED JI Clin. Nucl. Med. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 27 IS 3 BP 202 EP 204 DI 10.1097/00003072-200203000-00011 PG 3 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 524VC UT WOS:000174032700011 PM 11852309 ER PT J AU Melito, I Melby, JA AF Melito, I Melby, JA TI Wave runup, transmission, and reflection for structures armored with CORE-LOC (R) SO COASTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE CORE-LOC; wave-induced runup; wave transmission; wave reflection; one-layer armor; concrete armor units ID PARAMETERS; WATER AB Wave-induced runup and wave transmission due to overtopping are important variables in coastal structure design. Many studies have been performed on different types of armor layers, but there is no generalized design guidance available on CORE-LOC(R)) armor layer performance with respect to wave runup and transmission. An experimental study was performed to investigate the runup and transmission response of a CORE-LOC(R) armor layer. Wave runup and transmitted wave heights were measured for a wide range of wave, water level, and structure conditions in order to develop predictive tools for CORE-LOC(R) layer response. A new empirical model to predict runup levels was developed based on an existing model for rock revetments. Further, an analysis of transmission data was conducted to give insight and guidance for design purposes. Reflection coefficients were also analyzed. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Melito, I (reprint author), USA, Ctr Res Dev & Engn, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 30 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3839 J9 COAST ENG JI Coast. Eng. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 45 IS 1 BP 33 EP 52 AR PII S0378-3839(01)00044-8 DI 10.1016/S0378-3839(01)00044-8 PG 20 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 537BJ UT WOS:000174736700003 ER PT J AU Spink, A Jansen, BJ Wolfram, D Saracevic, T AF Spink, A Jansen, BJ Wolfram, D Saracevic, T TI From e-sex to e-commerce: Web search changes SO COMPUTER LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USA, War Coll, Carlisle, PA USA. Univ Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Sch Commun Informat & Lib Studies, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. RP Spink, A (reprint author), Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RI Wolfram, Dietmar/A-2449-2008; OI Jansen, Bernard/0000-0002-6468-6609 NR 0 TC 90 Z9 90 U1 1 U2 9 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0018-9162 J9 COMPUTER JI Computer PD MAR PY 2002 VL 35 IS 3 BP 107 EP 109 DI 10.1109/2.989940 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 527BC UT WOS:000174164200025 ER PT J AU Schraml, SJ Kimsey, KD Clarke, JA AF Schraml, SJ Kimsey, KD Clarke, JA TI High-performance computing applications for survivability-lethality technologies SO COMPUTING IN SCIENCE & ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID PENETRATION AB Large-scale numerical simulations of complex weapon-target interactions help guide experiments, illustrate physical processes, ascertain performance limits, extract transient response characteristics, and augment experimental databases, This article provides an overview of computational terminal ballistics methods and their application to large-scale problems. C1 USA, Res Lab, AMSRL WM TC, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Schraml, SJ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRL WM TC, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1521-9615 J9 COMPUT SCI ENG JI Comput. Sci. Eng. PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 4 IS 2 BP 16 EP 21 DI 10.1109/5992.988643 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA 524YQ UT WOS:000174040800006 ER PT J AU Peterkin, RE Luginsland, JW AF Peterkin, RE Luginsland, JW TI A virtual prototyping environment for directed-energy concepts SO COMPUTING IN SCIENCE & ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID RELATIVISTIC KLYSTRON OSCILLATOR AB Enhancements in computation hardware and the development of novel software have enabled virtual prototyping in several areas of science and engineering. In particular, the authors discuss directed energy devices that generate high-power microwave pulses. C1 USA, Res Lab, Computat Electromagnet & Acoust Area, DoDs High Performance Comp Modernizat Program, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Peterkin, RE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, AFRL DEH, 3550 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 16 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1521-9615 J9 COMPUT SCI ENG JI Comput. Sci. Eng. PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 4 IS 2 BP 42 EP 49 DI 10.1109/5992.988646 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA 524YQ UT WOS:000174040800009 ER PT J AU Manzardo, MA LeSueur, KG AF Manzardo, MA LeSueur, KG TI An infrared-scene projector digital model SO COMPUTING IN SCIENCE & ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID PIXELIZED PROJECTOR; SYSTEMS; SENSOR AB In infrared-scene projectors, an inherent variability for each emitter element manifests itself as fixed-pattern noise, or nonuniformity, This is unacceptable for valid sensor performance evaluation tasks. This article describes an infrared-scene projector digital model that will be used to simulate infrared-scene projection to assist algorithm development to eliminate this nonuniformity. C1 USA, Redstone Tech Test Ctr, Dev Test Command, CSTE DTC RT E SA, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Manzardo, MA (reprint author), 555 Sparkman Sr,Execut Plaza,Ste 1622, Huntsville, AL 35816 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1521-9615 J9 COMPUT SCI ENG JI Comput. Sci. Eng. PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 4 IS 2 BP 58 EP 65 DI 10.1109/5992.988649 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA 524YQ UT WOS:000174040800011 ER PT J AU Schloegel, K Karypis, G Kumar, V AF Schloegel, K Karypis, G Kumar, V TI Parallel static and dynamic multi-constraint graph partitioning SO CONCURRENCY AND COMPUTATION-PRACTICE & EXPERIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Euro-Par 2000 Conference CY AUG, 2000 CL MUNICH, GERMANY DE multi-constraint graph partitioning; parallel graph partitioning; multilevel graph partitioning; multi-phase scientific simulation ID IRREGULAR GRAPHS; SCHEME AB Sequential multi-constraint graph partitioners have been developed to address the static load balancing requirements of multi-phase simulations. These work well when (i) the graph that models the computation fits into the memory of a single processor, and (ii) the simulation does not require dynamic load balancing. The efficient execution of very large or dynamically adapting multi-phase simulations on high-performance parallel computers requires that the multi-constraint partitionings are computed in parallel. This paper presents a parallel formulation of a multi-constraint graph-partitioning algorithm, as well as a new partitioning algorithm for dynamic multi-phase simulations. We describe these algorithms and give experimental results conducted on a 128-processor Cray T3E. These results show that our parallel algorithms are able to efficiently compute partitionings of similar edge-cuts as serial multi-constraint algorithms, and can scale to very large graphs. Our dynamic multi-constraint algorithm is also able to minimize the data redistribution required to balance the load better than a naive scratch-remap approach. We have shown that both of our parallel multi-constraint graph partitioners are as scalable as the widely-used parallel graph partitioner implemented in PARMETIS. Both of our parallel multi-constraint graph partitioners are very fast, as they are able to compute three-constraint 128-way partitionings of a 7.5 million vertex graph in under 7 s on 128 processors of a Cray T3E. Copyright (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Comp Engn & Sci, Army HPC Res Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Schloegel, K (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Comp Engn & Sci, Army HPC Res Ctr, 4-192 EE-CS Bldg,200 Union St, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. NR 24 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 1532-0626 J9 CONCURR COMP-PRACT E JI Concurr. Comput.-Pract. Exp. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 14 IS 3 BP 219 EP 240 DI 10.1002/cpe.605 PG 22 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 547NG UT WOS:000175338200005 ER PT J AU Holt, RK Walker, BK Ruff, AJ AF Holt, RK Walker, BK Ruff, AJ TI Horizontal transmission of recombinant vaccinia virus in strain 13 guinea pigs SO CONTEMPORARY TOPICS IN LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID EBOLA-VIRUS AB At our research facility, guinea pigs subcutaneously inoculated with recombinant vaccinia viruses traditionally are isolated from other research animals because of the assumption that viral shedding and transmission may occur postvaccination. However, an extensive literature search failed to reveal any information supporting this assumption. The purpose of this study was to determine whether horizontal transmission of recombinant vaccinia virus vaccines occurs postinoculation in strain 13 guinea pigs and to what degree. We scheduled 12 strain 13 guinea pigs for three subcutaneous inoculations with 10(7)PFU recombinant vaccinia virus at 3- to 4-week intervals. An additional 36 unvaccinated or naive strain 13 guinea pigs were either cohoused with these vaccines, housed in cages directly below the vaccinated guinea pigs, or placed in cages located across, and downwind (relative to room airflow), from vaccines. Pre- and postvaccination serum samples were analyzed for the presence of vaccinia-specific antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. All 36 of the unvaccinated guinea pigs tested negative for antibodies to the vaccinia virus at all time points. The absence of virus-specific antibodies in the nonvaccinated guinea pigs, whereas vaccinated animals seroconverted, suggests that horizontal transmission of recombinant vaccinia virus does not occur between strain 13 guinea pigs housed in the same study room, regardless of cage location. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Holt, RK (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, 1425 Porter St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE PI MEMPHIS PA 9190 CRESTWYN HILLS DR, MEMPHIS, TN 38125 USA SN 1060-0558 J9 CONTEMP TOP LAB ANIM JI Contemp. Top. Lab. Anim. Sci. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 41 IS 2 BP 57 EP 60 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 539ZM UT WOS:000174903500012 PM 11958605 ER PT J AU Tasaki, O Mozingo, DW Dubick, MA Goodwin, CW Yantis, LD Pruitt, BA AF Tasaki, O Mozingo, DW Dubick, MA Goodwin, CW Yantis, LD Pruitt, BA TI Effects of heparin and lisofylline on pulmonary function after smoke inhalation injury in an ovine model SO CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE smoke inhalation injury; lisofylline; ovine; heparin; leukocyte; malondialdehyde; multiple inert gas elimination technique; cast formation; free radical; pulmonary dysfunction ID CU2+-MEDIATED OXIDATION; LUNG INJURY; PENTOXIFYLLINE AB Objective: This study evaluates the effects of heparin alone and in combination with lisofylline, 1-(5-R-hydroxyhexyl)3,7-dimethylxanthine, on severe smoke injury. Design: Prospective animal study with concurrent controls, Setting. An animal laboratory. Subjects. Eighteen 1-yr-old female sheep, weighing 24-32 kg. Interventions., After smoke exposure and tracheostomy, animals were divided into three groups, Group S (n = 6) received nebulized saline through an endotracheal tube every 4 hrs for 48 hrs. Group H (n = 6) received 10,000 units of nebulized heparin every 4 hrs. Group LH (n = 6) was treated with nebulized heparin and intravenous infusion of lisofylline (10 mg(.)kg(-1.)hr(-1)) for 48 hrs after a bolus injection (20 mg/kg). Animals initially breathed room air spontaneously. If PaO2 was <50 torr and PaCO2 >60 torr, animals were mechanically ventilated, Sheep were killed 48 hrs postinjury. Measurements and Main Results: Blood gases were measured serially. At 48 hrs, ventilation perfusion distribution mismatching was analyzed by using the multiple inert gas elimination technique. Lung malondialdehyde was determined. The postinjury increase in alveolar-arterial oxygen tension gradient (LH, 36.7 +/- 3.5 vs. S, 89.0 +/- 24.6 torr at 48 hrs) was significantly attenuated in those animals receiving LH. The percentage of pulmonary shunt, Qs/Qt (LH, 20.8 +/- 4.9 vs. S, 36.6 +/- 4.6%), and the percentage of animals that required ventilation (LH, 0 vs. S, 67%) were significantly reduced in LH. Multiple inert gas elimination technique study showed that the true shunt fraction was decreased in LH. Lung malondialdehyde was significantly less in LH (LH, 0.33 +/- 0.06 vs. S, 0.56 +/- 0.09 nmol/mg protein). There was no significant difference in any of these variables between H and S. Conclusion. Treatment with heparin alone did not attenuate pulmonary dysfunction after severe smoke injury. Combined treatment with nebulized heparin and systemic lisofylline had beneficial effects on pulmonary function in association with a decrease in blood flow to poorly ventilated areas and less lipid peroxidation. C1 USA, Inst Surg Res, Lib Branch, San Antonio, TX 78234 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Surg, Gainesville, FL USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Tasaki, O (reprint author), USA, Inst Surg Res, Lib Branch, 3400 Rawley E Chambers Ave, San Antonio, TX 78234 USA. NR 38 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0090-3493 J9 CRIT CARE MED JI Crit. Care Med. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 30 IS 3 BP 637 EP 643 DI 10.1097/00003246-200203000-00024 PG 7 WC Critical Care Medicine SC General & Internal Medicine GA 531ZC UT WOS:000174446300024 PM 11998809 ER PT J AU Wolter, SD Yushin, GN Okuzumi, F Stoner, BR Prater, JT Sitar, Z AF Wolter, SD Yushin, GN Okuzumi, F Stoner, BR Prater, JT Sitar, Z TI Direct fusion bonding of silicon to polycrystalline diamond SO DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th European Conference on Diamond Diamond-Like Materials Carbon Nanotubes Nitrides and Silicon Carbide (Diamond 2001) CY SEP 02-07, 2001 CL BUDAPEST, HUNGARY DE silicon-on-diamond; fusion bonding; diamond thin films AB High temperature fusion of silicon to diamond is reported. Polished, randomly oriented diamond films and unpolished (100) highly oriented diamond films were bonded to single-side polished (100) silicon in a dedicated ultrahigh vacuum bonding apparatus. Direct bonding under an applied uniaxial stress of similar to32 MPa was observed at temperatures above 950 degreesC. The bonded interface was examined by scanning acoustic microscopy revealing only partial bonding at fusion temperatures of 950 and 1050 degreesC. In contrast, complete bonding was evidenced at 1150 and 1200 degreesC, although cracking of the diamond films became more prominent at these higher fusion temperatures. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Mat & Elect Technol Div, MCNC, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Wolter, SD (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Box 7907, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RI Stoner, Brian/D-9747-2011; Yushin, Gleb/B-4529-2013 OI Yushin, Gleb/0000-0002-3274-9265 NR 6 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-9635 J9 DIAM RELAT MATER JI Diam. Relat. Mat. PD MAR-JUN PY 2002 VL 11 IS 3-6 SI SI BP 482 EP 486 AR PII S0925-9635(01)00608-2 DI 10.1016/S0925-9635(01)00608-2 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 559VL UT WOS:000176046300041 ER PT J AU Usmani, KA Rose, RL Goldstein, JA Taylor, WG Brimfield, AA Hodgson, E AF Usmani, KA Rose, RL Goldstein, JA Taylor, WG Brimfield, AA Hodgson, E TI In vitro human metabolism and interactions of repellent N,N-diethyl-M-toluamide SO DRUG METABOLISM AND DISPOSITION LA English DT Article ID LIVER-MICROSOMES; RAT-LIVER; DEET; N,N-DIETHYL-META-TOLUAMIDE; IDENTIFICATION; QUANTITATION; ABSORPTION; EXCRETION; TOXICITY AB Oxidative metabolism of the insect repellent N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) by pooled human liver microsomes (HLM), rat liver microsomes (RLM), and mouse liver microsomes (MLM) was investigated. DEET is metabolized by cytochromes P450 (P450s) leading to the production of a ring methyl oxidation product, N,N-diethyl-m-hydroxymethylbenzamide (BALC), and an N-deethylated product, N-ethyl-m-toluamide (ET). Both the affinities and intrinsic clearance of HLM for ring hydroxylation are greater than those for N-deethylation. Pooled HLM show significantly lower affinities (K-m) than RLM for metabolism of DEET to either of the primary metabolites (BALC and ET). Among 15 cDNA-expressed P450 enzymes examined, CYP1A2, 2B6, 2D6*1 (Val(374)), and 2E1 metabolized DEET to the BALC metabolite, whereas CYP3A4, 3A5, 2A6, and 2C19 produced the ET metabolite. CYP2B6 is the principal cytochrome P450 involved in the metabolism of DEET to its major BALC metabolite, whereas CYP2C19 had the greatest activity for the formation of the ET metabolite. Use of phenotyped HLMs demonstrated that individuals with high levels of CYP2B6, 3A4, 2C19, and 2A6 have the greatest potential to metabolize DEET. Mice treated with DEET demonstrated induced levels of the CYP2B family, increased hydroxylation, and a 2.4-fold increase in the metabolism of chlorpyrifos to chlorpyrifos-oxon, a potent anticholinesterase. Preincubation of human CYP2B6 with chlorpyrifos completely inhibited the metabolism of DEET. Preincubation of human or rodent microsomes with chlorpyrifos, permethrin, and pyridostigmine bromide alone or in combination can lead to either stimulation or inhibition of DEET metabolism. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Saskatoon Res Ctr, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Hodgson, E (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Box 7633, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RI Goldstein, Joyce/A-6681-2012 NR 27 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 4 U2 15 PU AMER SOC PHARMACOLOGY EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0090-9556 J9 DRUG METAB DISPOS JI Drug Metab. Dispos. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 30 IS 3 BP 289 EP 294 AR UNSP 577/966312 DI 10.1124/dmd.30.3.289 PG 6 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 525FR UT WOS:000174058700011 PM 11854147 ER PT J AU Tasko, SM Kent, RD Westbury, JR AF Tasko, SM Kent, RD Westbury, JR TI Variability in tongue movement kinematics during normal liquid swallowing SO DYSPHAGIA LA English DT Article DE tongue; swallowing; kinematics; normal; deglutition; deglutition disorders ID REPRESENTATION AB This study sought to develop a quantitative kinematic description of tongue movement for liquid swallowing in a group of 12 healthy subjects. X-ray microbeam technology was used to track the positions of six small pellets attached to the tongue and jaw while subjects swallowed water at 2- and 10-mL bolus volumes. A feature common to all subjects was a prominent rostral movement of the dorsal region of the tongue. In addition, all subjects consistently increased the displacement and maximum speed of this tongue movement with increased bolus volume. However, detailed movement analysis showed a variety of tongue movement patterns for the group. This variability across subjects was large enough that it was surprisingly difficult to provide a low-dimension quantitative description of the tongue kinematics during liquid swallowing. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Army Audiol & Speech Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Waisman Ctr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Communicat Disorders, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Tasko, SM (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Army Audiol & Speech Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. FU NIDCD NIH HHS [R01-DC00820, R01-DC03659] NR 20 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0179-051X J9 DYSPHAGIA JI Dysphagia PD SPR PY 2002 VL 17 IS 2 BP 126 EP 138 DI 10.1007/s00455-001-0112-6 PG 13 WC Otorhinolaryngology SC Otorhinolaryngology GA 534XU UT WOS:000174615700005 PM 11956838 ER PT J AU Franklin, RP Kinde, H Jay, MT Kramer, LD Green, EGN Chiles, RE Ostlund, E Husted, S Smith, J Parker, MD AF Franklin, RP Kinde, H Jay, MT Kramer, LD Green, EGN Chiles, RE Ostlund, E Husted, S Smith, J Parker, MD TI Eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus infection in a horse from California SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; ENCEPHALITIS AB A yearling quarter horse, which was raised in southern California, received routine vaccinations for prevention of infection by Eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus (EEEV). One week later, severe neurologic signs developed, and the horse was humanely destroyed. A vaccine-related encephalomyelitis was later suspected. A final diagnosis of EEEV infection was established on the basis of acute onset of the neurologic signs, histopathologic and serologic testing, and isolation and molecular characterization of EEEV from brain tissue. The vaccine was extensively tested for viral inactivation. Nucleotide sequences from the vaccine and the virus isolated in the affected horse were also compared. In California, arboviral encephalomyelitides are rarely reported, and EEEV infection has not previously been documented. This report describes the occurrence of EEEV infection in the horse and the investigation to determine the source of infection, which was not definitively identified. C1 Giacopuzzi & Assoc Equine Hosp, Somis, CA USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Sacramento, CA USA. Natl Vet Serv Lab, Ames, IA USA. US Army Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD USA. RP Franklin, RP (reprint author), Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Large Anim Clin Serv, POB 100136, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. NR 22 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAR PY 2002 VL 8 IS 3 BP 283 EP 288 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 531UC UT WOS:000174434800009 PM 11927026 ER PT J AU Bauer, AJ Tuttle, RM Francis, GL AF Bauer, AJ Tuttle, RM Francis, GL TI Differentiated thyroid carcinoma of children and adolescents SO ENDOCRINOLOGIST LA English DT Review ID NEEDLE ASPIRATION BIOPSY; YOUNG-ADULTS; HIGH PREVALENCE; POST-CHERNOBYL; THYROTROPIN SUPPRESSION; TELOMERASE ACTIVITY; PULMONARY METASTASES; SERUM THYROGLOBULIN; RET PROTOONCOGENE; NATURAL-HISTORY AB Differentiated thyroid carcinoma is the most frequent malignant endocrine tumor of children and adults. Although uncommon during childhood, it is an important consideration in the differential diagnosis of any thyroid mass in a young patient. The risk for malignant disease, clinical features, genetic alterations, and clinical outcomes are different for children. The most common presenting symptoms of thyroid carcinoma in children are thyroid nodules and lateral neck masses. The latter are frequently not associated with a palpable abnormality of the thyroid gland. For patients younger than age 21 years, the risk for malignant disease in a solitary thyroid nodule is greater than for older patients and is generally reported to be between 30% and 50%. Mutations in ras oncogenes and the alpha-subunit of guanosine triphosphate binding proteins are more common in thyroid carcinoma from adults than children. In contrast, mutations leading to activated recombinant ret oncogenes (ret/papillary thyroid carcinoma) are more common in papillary thyroid carcinoma of children. The management of nodular disease, in particular malignant disease, of the thyroid remains controversial in young patients. With aggressive treatment, the outcome is generally favorable. Disease,specific mortality of less than 10% is frequently reported, along with recurrence rates of approximately 20%. However, aggressive treatment exposes all patients to the risks of extensive surgery and radioactive iodine. For young patients, younger than age 5 years, the surgical risks are great. Also, the risks of radioactive iodine ablation are largely unknown but may be greater for younger children than for older children or adolescents. For these reasons, diagnostic and treatment options should be individualized for all young patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Pediat, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Natl Capital Consortium, Bethesda, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Serv Endocrinol, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP Francis, GL (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Pediat, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 120 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1051-2144 J9 ENDOCRINOLOGIST JI Endocrinologist PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 12 IS 2 AR UNSP 0021-972X/2002/1202-0135 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 536WL UT WOS:000174724800011 ER PT J AU Doppalapudi, RB Sorial, GA Maloney, SW AF Doppalapudi, RB Sorial, GA Maloney, SW TI Electrochemical reduction of simulated munitions wastewater in a bench-scale batch reactor SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE electrochemical reduction; trinitrotoluene; dinitrotoluene; RDX; nitroaromatics; munitions waste water ID 2,4,6-TRINITROTOLUENE TNT; 2,4-DINITROTOLUENE; HEXAHYDRO-1,3,5-TRINITRO-1,3,5-TRIAZINE AB 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT), 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT), and hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) are major constituents of munitions production wastewater discharged from explosive manufacturing units and munitions load, assembly, and pack operations. Experiments were carried out to study the electrochemical reduction of DNT and a mixture of TNT and RDX. The effect of various parameters including current, stir rate, and presence and absence of dissolved oxygen was investigated. Experiments were conducted using glassy carbon rods as the cathode and platinum wire as the anode. End products were also analyzed for the experiments to obtain molar balance closure for the conversion of the nitroaromatic to intermediates. The experimental results showed that the electrochemical reduction of nitroaromatics follow pseudo first-order rate kinetics. The first-order rate constants for the reduction of nitroaromatics were observed to increase with an increase in current or stir rate. The rate of reduction of the nitroaromatics was observed to be significantly higher under anoxic conditions (dissolved oxygen = 0.2 mg/L) than under anoxic conditions (dissolved oxygen = 8.4 mg/L). A molar balance closure of 60-90% could be obtained for experiments conducted under oxic conditions. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. USA, Construct Engn Res Lab, Corps Engineers, Champaign, IL 61824 USA. RP Sorial, GA (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, POB 210071, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM George.Sorial@uc.edu NR 26 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1092-8758 J9 ENVIRON ENG SCI JI Environ. Eng. Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 19 IS 2 BP 115 EP 130 DI 10.1089/10928750252953741 PG 16 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 548DG UT WOS:000175372900006 ER PT J AU Anderson, AB AF Anderson, AB TI Detecting changes in natural resources using Land Condition Trend Analysis data SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE ecological inventories; LCTA; military lands; monitoring; power analysis ID STATISTICAL POWER ANALYSIS; CANYON MANEUVER SITE; ALLOWABLE USE; VEGETATION; COLORADO; IMPACTS AB The Land Condition Trend Analysis (LCTA) program is the US Army's standard for land inventory and monitoring, employing standardized methods of natural resources data collection, analyses, and reporting designed to meet multiple goals and objectives. Critical to using LCTA data in natural resources management decisions is the ability of the LCTA protocols to detect changes in natural resources, To quantify the ability of LCTA protocols to detect resource changes, power analysis techniques were used to estimate minimum detectable effect sizes (MDES) for selected primary and secondary management variables for three Army installations, MDES for a subset of primary variables were estimated using data from 27 installation LCTA programs, MDES for primary and secondary variables varied widely. However, LCTA programs implemented at larger installations with lower sampling intensities detected changes in installation resources as well as programs implemented at smaller more intensively sampled installations, As a national monitoring program that is implemented at individual installations, LCTA protocols provide relatively consistent monitoring data to detect changes in resources despite diverse resource characteristics and implementation constraints. C1 USA, Construct Engn Res Lab, Engn Res Dev Ctr, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. RP Anderson, AB (reprint author), USA, Construct Engn Res Lab, Engn Res Dev Ctr, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. NR 37 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 29 IS 3 BP 428 EP 436 DI 10.1007/s00267-001-0017-z PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 522YX UT WOS:000173925500010 PM 11830771 ER PT J AU Palmer, DR Krzych, U AF Palmer, DR Krzych, U TI Cellular and molecular requirements for the recall of IL-4-producing memory CD4(+)CD45RO(+)CD27(-) T cells during protection induced by attenuated Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CD4(+) T cell; memory cell; plasmodia ID IMMUNOLOGICAL MEMORY; IN-VITRO; CD27; SUBSETS; IMMUNITY; LYMPHOCYTES; EFFECTOR; MALARIA; LIGAND; CD70 AB The requirements for maintenance of antigen (Ag)-specific memory T cells in protection to malaria is poorly understood. We have previously demonstrated a recall of IL-4-producing memory CD4(+)CD45RO(+) T cells with parasitized red blood cells (pRBC) in persons protected by radiation-attenuated Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites (gamma-spz). Using the CD27 marker, we have now identified two subsets of CD4(+)CD45RO(+)T cells: CD4(+)CD45RO(+)CD27(+) T cells representing an early memory and CD4(+)CD45RO(+)CD27(-) T cells representing a terminally differentiated memory cells. A small subset of CD4(+)CD45RO(+)CD27(-) T cells also expressed CD70, the CD27 ligand. The addition of anti-CD70 monoclonal antibody (mAb) to pRBC-stimulated cultures significantly inhibited the conversion of CD27(+) to CD27(-) subset without profoundly affecting IL-4 production. In contrast, the inclusion of anti-CD27 mAb in parallel cultures abrogated IL-4 production without interfering with conscription of T cells into the CD27- T cell set. We propose that the persistence of memory CD4(+) T cells depends on Ag-driven conscription of a mature memory phenotype through co-ligation of CD27 and CD70 expressed, respectively, on CD27(+) and CD27(-) T cells. Hence, protracted protection in malaria depends in part on memory CD4(+) T cells that require specific Ag presumably from the repositories of liver-and blood-stage antigens and the delivery of a second signal from the CD27:CD70 interaction. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Immunol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Krzych, U (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Immunol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 31 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0014-2980 J9 EUR J IMMUNOL JI Eur. J. Immunol. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 32 IS 3 BP 652 EP 661 DI 10.1002/1521-4141(200203)32:3<652::AID-IMMU652>3.0.CO;2-9 PG 10 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 531VY UT WOS:000174439000007 PM 11857339 ER PT J AU Puppala, AJ Viyanant, C Kruzic, AP Perrin, L AF Puppala, AJ Viyanant, C Kruzic, AP Perrin, L TI Evaluation of a modified soluble sulfate determination method for fine-grained cohesive soils SO GEOTECHNICAL TESTING JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE sulfates; cohesive soils; kaolinite; illite; montomorillonite; heaving; gravimetric method; ion chromatography AB Soluble sulfate measurement in subgrade soils is an integral part of geotechnical investigations due primarily to sulfate-induced heave distress problems experienced by certain chemically treated sulfate soils. Sulfate measurements will assist engineers in the selection of appropriate soil stabilization methods in construction projects. There are no ASTM test methods that provide sulfate measurements in soils. Current methods including the University of Texas at Arlington (UTA) method, which are based on gravimetric procedures, often provide test results with high standard deviations. A modified UTA method, which was developed by addressing the limitations of the earlier methods, is presented in this paper. This procedure is evaluated for reproducible and reliable sulfate measurements in three artificial soils and one natural soil. The modified procedure provided reproducible sulfate measurements for all soils with coefficients of variations (COV) less than 10%. These results matched with ion chromatography measurements, which indicate that the modified method provided reliable measurements. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. USA, Corps Engineers, Engn & Construct Div, Design Branch, Ft Worth, TX 76102 USA. RP Puppala, AJ (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Box 19308, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. NR 26 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0149-6115 J9 GEOTECH TEST J JI Geotech. Test. J. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 25 IS 1 BP 85 EP 94 PG 10 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 539WA UT WOS:000174893600009 ER PT J AU Winter, WE Seidman, J Krivak, TC Pujari, SG Boice, CR Carlson, JW AF Winter, WE Seidman, J Krivak, TC Pujari, SG Boice, CR Carlson, JW TI Papillary serous adenocarcinoma of the ovary diagnosed after malignant pericardial tamponade and embolic stroke SO GYNECOLOGIC ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EFFUSION; CANCER AB Background. Epithelial carcinomas of the ovary are predominantly an intraperitoneal disease. Reports of epithelial ovarian carcinomas metastatic to the pericardium are rare. Case. A 43-year-old woman was admitted with symptoms of a pericardial tamponade, as well as an embolic cerebrovascular accident, and transferred to the ICU where a pericardiocentesis was performed. Cytology revealed malignant cells in the pericardial fluid. CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis revealed bilateral pelvic masses. A laparotomy revealed a papillary serous adenocarcinoma of ovarian primary and an infarcted spleen with capsular tumor metastases. The malignant cells in the pericardial fluid were consistent with the ovarian primary. Conclusion. Ovarian cancer metastasis to the heart and pericardium presented an aggressive variant of tumor spread with significant morbidity and subsequent mortality. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Gynecol Oncol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Washington Hosp Ctr, Dept Pathol, Washington, DC 20010 USA. Washington Hosp Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Washington, DC 20010 USA. RP Carlson, JW (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Gynecol Oncol, 6900 Georgia Ave NW,Bldg 2,Rm 6761, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0090-8258 J9 GYNECOL ONCOL JI Gynecol. Oncol. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 84 IS 3 BP 453 EP 455 DI 10.1006/gyno.2001.6505 PG 3 WC Oncology; Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Oncology; Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 530RE UT WOS:000174372100020 PM 11855887 ER PT J AU Klinger, DA Grossman, D AF Klinger, DA Grossman, D TI Who should deal with foreign terrorists on US soil?: Socio-legal consequences of September 11 and the ongoing threat of terrorist attacks in America SO HARVARD JOURNAL OF LAW AND PUBLIC POLICY LA English DT Article C1 Univ Missouri, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Klinger, DA (reprint author), Univ Missouri, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU HARVARD SOC LAW PUBLIC POLICY PI CAMBRIDGE PA HARVARD LAW SCHOOL, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 0193-4872 J9 HARVARD J LAW PUBL P JI Harv. J. Law Public Policy PD SPR PY 2002 VL 25 IS 2 BP 815 EP 834 PG 20 WC Law SC Government & Law GA 533DX UT WOS:000174515100023 ER PT J AU Sliney, DH Mellerio, J Gabel, VP Schulmeister, K AF Sliney, DH Mellerio, J Gabel, VP Schulmeister, K TI What is the meaning of threshold in laser injury experiments? Implications for human exposure limits SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE lasers; radiation damage; radiation, nonionizing; safety standards ID RETINAL-DAMAGE THRESHOLD; IMAGE SIZE; RADIATION; SAFETY; PULSES AB The derivations of human exposure limits for laser radiation rely heavily upon experimental ocular injury studies. The limits are derived by committees of ophthalmic experts through a review of all available threshold data and an understanding of mechanisms of laser/tissue interaction. A major point of discussion in this derivation process relates to the level of uncertainty of the threshold of injury. An indication of the level of uncertainty relates to the slope of the transformed dose-response curve, or the "probit plot" of the data. The most cited point on the probit plot is the exposure that represents a 50% probability of injury: the ED-50. This value is frequently referred to as the "threshold," even though some experimental damage points exist below this "threshold." An analysis of any number of example data sets reveals that the slope in most experiments cannot be explained by biological variation alone. The optical, thermophysical, and biological factors influencing the probit plot are critically analyzed to pro,vide guidance for deriving exposure limits. By theoretically modeling an experiment, small errors in focus are shown to produce a substantial change in the ED-50 and the slope of the probit plot. C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Austrian Res Ctr Seibersdorf, A-2444 Seibersdorf, Austria. Univ Regensburg, Dept Ophthalmol, D-8400 Regensburg, Germany. Univ Westminster, Sch Biosci, London W1R 8AL, England. RP Sliney, DH (reprint author), USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. EM David.Sliney@apg.amedd.army.mil NR 57 TC 62 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 11 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 82 IS 3 BP 335 EP 347 AR UNSP 0017-9078/02/0 DI 10.1097/00004032-200203000-00006 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 522HN UT WOS:000173890500006 PM 11845836 ER PT J AU Giltner, P AF Giltner, P TI Stay the hand of vengeance: The politics of war crimes and tribunals SO HISTORIAN LA English DT Book Review C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Giltner, P (reprint author), US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0018-2370 J9 HISTORIAN JI Historian PD SPR-SUM PY 2002 VL 64 IS 3-4 BP 868 EP 869 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 631FB UT WOS:000180156500154 ER PT J AU Dzindolet, MT Pierce, LG Beck, HP Dawe, LA AF Dzindolet, MT Pierce, LG Beck, HP Dawe, LA TI The perceived utility of human and automated aids in a visual detection task SO HUMAN FACTORS LA English DT Article ID SELF-CONFIDENCE; SYSTEMS; TRUST; DESIGN; MISUSE; DISUSE AB Although increases in the use of automation have occurred across society, research has found that human operators often underutilize (disuse) and overly rely on (misuse) automated aids (R. Parasuraman & V. Riley, 1997). Nearly 275 Cameron University students participated in I of 3 experiments performed to examine the effects of perceived utility (M. T Dzindolet, H. P. Beck, L. G. Pierce, & L. A. Dawe, 2001) on automation use in a visual detection task and to compare reliance on automated aids with reliance on humans. Results revealed a bias for human operators to rely on themselves. Although self-report data indicate a bias toward automated aids over human aids, performance data revealed that participants were more likely to disuse automated aids than to disuse human aids. This discrepancy was accounted for by assuming human operators have a "perfect automation" schema. Actual or potential applications of this research include the design of future automated decision aids and training procedures for operators relying on such aids. C1 Cameron Univ, Dept Psychol & Human Ecol, Lawton, OK 73505 USA. Army Res Lab, Oklahoma City, OK USA. Appalachian State Univ, Boone, NC 28608 USA. RP Dzindolet, MT (reprint author), Cameron Univ, Dept Psychol & Human Ecol, 2800 Gore Blvd, Lawton, OK 73505 USA. NR 41 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 5 PU HUMAN FACTORS SOC PI SANTA MONICA PA BOX 1369, SANTA MONICA, CA 90406 USA SN 0018-7208 J9 HUM FACTORS JI Hum. Factors PD SPR PY 2002 VL 44 IS 1 BP 79 EP 94 DI 10.1518/0018720024494856 PG 16 WC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering; Psychology GA 569UE UT WOS:000176620000007 PM 12118875 ER PT J AU Prowse, TD Ferrick, MG AF Prowse, TD Ferrick, MG TI Hydrology of ice-covered rivers and lakes: scoping the subject SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Editorial Material DE lake ice; river ice; cold regions; hydrology; river ecology C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Natl Hydrol Res Ctr, Natl Water Res Inst, Saskatoon, SK S7N 3H5, Canada. RP Ferrick, MG (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 SI SI BP 759 EP 762 DI 10.1002/hyp.373 PG 4 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 527VG UT WOS:000174208200001 ER PT J AU Ferrick, MG Calkins, DJ Perron, NM Cragin, JH Kendall, C AF Ferrick, MG Calkins, DJ Perron, NM Cragin, JH Kendall, C TI Diffusion model validation and interpretation of stable isotopes in river and lake ice SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE stable isotopes; congelation ice; river ice; lake ice; fractionation; diffusion model validation ID WEDDELL SEA; FRACTIONATION; OXYGEN; WATER AB The stable isotope stratigraphy of river- and lake-ice archives winter hydroclimatic conditions, and can potentially be used to identify changing water sources or to provide important insights into ice formation processes and growth rates. However, accurate interpretations rely on known isotopic fractionation during ice growth. A one-dimensional diffusion model of the liquid boundary layer adjacent to an advancing solid interface, originally developed to simulate solute rejection by growing crystals, has been used without verification to describe non-equilibrium fractionation during congelation ice growth. Results are not in agreement, suggesting the presence of important uncertainties. In this paper we seek validation of the diffusion model for this application using large-scale laboratory experiments with controlled freezing rates and frequent sampling. We obtained consistent, almost constant, isotopic boundary layer thicknesses over a representative range of ice growth rates on both quiescent and well-mixed water. With the O-18 boundary layer thickness from the laboratory, the model successfully quantified reduced river-ice growth rates relative to those of a nearby fake. These results were more representative and easier to obtain than those of a conventional thermal ice-growth model. This diffusion model validation and boundary layer thickness determination provide a powerful tool for interpreting the stable isotope stratigraphy of floating ice. The laboratory experiment also replicated successive fractionation events in response to a freeze-thaw-refreeze cycle, providing a mechanism for apparent ice fractionation that exceeds equilibrium. Analysis of the composition of snow ice and frazil ice in river and lake cores indicated surprising similarities between these ice forms. Published in 2002 by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Ferrick, MG (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM mferrick@crrel.usace.army.mil NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0885-6087 EI 1099-1085 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 SI SI BP 851 EP 872 DI 10.1002/hyp.374 PG 22 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 527VG UT WOS:000174208200008 ER PT J AU Aliberti, K Shen, H Stead, M Ruff, W Stann, B AF Aliberti, K Shen, H Stead, M Ruff, W Stann, B TI Frequency-dependent rectification current in metal-semiconductor-metal detectors SO IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE LADAR; metal-semiconductor-metal photodetectors; optoelectronic mixers ID TRANSIENT-RESPONSE; PHOTODETECTORS AB Recent experiments show that variation in rectification current with ac-bias frequency exists in metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) detectors. In this letter, we theoretically study the frequency-dependent rectification current in MSM detectors. Under transient bias voltage the MSM detector shows two of the following transient current responses: 1) a fast one related to the displacement current and 2) a slow one related to the removal of carriers from the detector. Rectification current exists in asymmetric MSM detectors and varies not only with ac voltage and optical power, but also with ac-bias frequency. The theoretical results agree with observed experimental results. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Aliberti, K (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1041-1135 J9 IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L JI IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 14 IS 3 BP 381 EP 383 AR PII S1041-1135(02)01205-3 DI 10.1109/68.986820 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 525QB UT WOS:000174081500041 ER PT J AU Macedonia, M AF Macedonia, M TI Games soldiers play SO IEEE SPECTRUM LA English DT Article C1 USA, Simulat Training & Instrumentat Command, Washington, DC 20310 USA. RP Macedonia, M (reprint author), USA, Simulat Training & Instrumentat Command, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 1 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9235 J9 IEEE SPECTRUM JI IEEE Spectr. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 39 IS 3 BP 32 EP + DI 10.1109/6.988702 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 524BD UT WOS:000173991300027 ER PT J AU Weigel, R Morgan, DP Owens, JM Ballato, A Lakin, KM Hashimoto, K Ruppel, CCW AF Weigel, R Morgan, DP Owens, JM Ballato, A Lakin, KM Hashimoto, K Ruppel, CCW TI Microwave acoustic materials, devices, and applications SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE BAW; bulk acoustic-wave devices; communications and sensor applications; SAW; signal processing; surface acoustic-wave devices ID RESONATORS; FILTERS; GAAS AB This paper surveys applications of acoustic waves in microwave devices. After a general and historical introduction to bulk acoustic waves (BAWs), surface acoustic waves (SAWs), practical wave types, and acoustoelectric transducers, a review is given of technologically important materials for microwave acoustic applications. Following this, we discuss BAW and SAW microwave devices and their technologies. Specifically reviewed are thin-film resonators and filters, transversal filters, and filters for correlative analog signal processing. Finally, an overview of the most important microwave applications is given, along with manufacturing and packaging issues. C1 Univ Linz, Inst Commun & Informat Engn, A-4040 Linz, Austria. Boise State Univ, Boise, ID 83707 USA. USA, Ctr Dev & Engn, CECOM, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. TFR Technol Inc, Bend, OR 97701 USA. Chiba Univ, Dept Elect & Mech Engn, Fac Engn, Chiba 263, Japan. Siemens AG, SAW Components, D-81730 Munich, Germany. RP Weigel, R (reprint author), Univ Linz, Inst Commun & Informat Engn, A-4040 Linz, Austria. NR 54 TC 71 Z9 73 U1 5 U2 20 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9480 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 50 IS 3 BP 738 EP 749 AR PII S0018-9480(02)01980-4 DI 10.1109/22.989958 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 532CR UT WOS:000174454500015 ER PT J AU Katehi, LPB Harvey, JF Brown, E AF Katehi, LPB Harvey, JF Brown, E TI MEMS and Si micromachined circuits for high-frequency applications SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE high-frequency circuits; on-wafer packaging; RF MEMS; Si micromachining; three-dimensional integration ID DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS; TEMPERATURE; SWITCHES; GOLD AB RF micromachining and microelectromechanical structure (MEMS) technology promise to provide an innovative approach in the development of effective and low-cost circuits and systems. This technology is expected to have significant application in the development of low-cost antenna arrays and reconfigurable apertures, due to its potential to support novel systems architectures. This paper presents a brief history and the state-of-the-art in the development of RF MEMS devices, with primary emphasis on switches and Si-micromachined circuit components for use in high-performance high-density on-wafer packaged circuits. C1 Purdue Univ, Sch Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Army Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Katehi, LPB (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 47 TC 55 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9480 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 50 IS 3 BP 858 EP 866 AR PII S0018-9480(02)01967-1 DI 10.1109/22.989969 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 532CR UT WOS:000174454500026 ER PT J AU Carin, L Sichina, J Harvey, JF AF Carin, L Sichina, J Harvey, JF TI Microwave underground propagation and detection SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE ground penetrating radar; synthetic aperture radar; ultra-wide-band ID ROUGH-SURFACE SCATTERING; BAND ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING; FAST-MULTIPOLE ALGORITHM; ARBITRARY SHAPE; APPROXIMATION; VALIDITY; SPECTRUM; RADAR; PULSE AB The detection of buried targets has been a problem of significant interest for decades, with microwave-based sensing constituting an important tool. In this paper, we review the basic issues that characterize microwave-based subsurface sensing. Issues considered include the use of microwaves in the context of an airborne synthetic aperture radar, as well for radars deployed close to the air-soil interface. Rough-surface induced clutter is also discussed. Particular examples are presented for detection of land mines and unexploded ordnance. C1 Duke Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. USA, Res Lab, AMSRL, SE,RU, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. USA, Res Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Carin, L (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. NR 39 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9480 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 50 IS 3 BP 945 EP 952 AR PII S0018-9480(02)01961-0 DI 10.1109/22.989977 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 532CR UT WOS:000174454500034 ER PT J AU Hensley, LE Young, HA Jahrling, PB Geisbert, TW AF Hensley, LE Young, HA Jahrling, PB Geisbert, TW TI Proinflammatory response during Ebola virus infection of primate models: possible involvement of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily SO IMMUNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE cytokines; chemokines; TRAIL; apoptosis; macrophages; dendritic cells; Ebola virus ID ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; INTERFERON-ALPHA; NITRIC-OXIDE; APOPTOSIS; MACROPHAGES; MARBURG; CELLS; CYTOTOXICITY; MECHANISMS; MONKEYS AB Ebola virus (EBOV) infections are characterized by dysregulation of normal host immune responses. Insight into the mechanism came from recent studies in nonhuman primates, which showed that EBOV infects cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS), resulting in apoptosis of bystander lymphocytes. In this study, we evaluated serum levels of cytokines/chemokines in EBOV-infected nonhuman primates, as possible correlates of this bystander apoptosis. Increased levels of interferon (IFN)-alpha, IFN-beta, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-18, MIP-1alpha, and MIP-1beta were observed in all EBOV-infected monkeys, indicating the occurrence of a strong proinflammatory response. To investigate the mechanism(s) involved in lymphoid apoptosis, soluble Fas (sFas) and nitrate accumulation were measured. sFas was detected in 4/9 animals, while, elevations of nitrate accumulation occurred in 3/3 animals. To further evaluate the potential role of these factors in the observed bystander apoptosis and intact animals, in vitro cultures were prepared of adherent human monocytes/macrophages (PHM), and monocytes. differentiated into immature dendritic cells (DC). These cultures were infected with EBOV and analyzed for cytokine/chemokine induction and expression of apoptosis-related genes. In addition, the in vitro EBOV infection of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) resulted in strong cytokine/chemokine induction, a marked increase in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, and an increase in the number of apoptotic lymphocytes examined by electron microscopy. Increased levels of sFAS were detected in PHM cultures, although, <10% of the cells were positive by immunohistochemistry. In contrast, >90% of EBOV-infected PHM were positive for tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) by immunohistochemistry, RNA analysis, and flow cytometry. Inactivated EBOV also effected increased TRAIL expression in PHM, suggesting that the TNF receptor superfamily may be involved in apoptosis of the host lymphoid cells, and that induction may occur independent of viral replication. In further studies with infected PHM, expression of MHC II was remarkably suppressed after 6 days, an additional correlate of immunological dysregulation. In conclusion, our findings suggest that infection of mononuclear phagocytes is critical, triggering a cascade of events involving cytokines/chemokines and oxygen free radicals. It is the consequence of these events rather than direct viral infection that results in much of the observed pathology. Identification of cytokine/chemokine, nitric oxide, and reactive oxygen species involvement in the observed filoviral pathogenesis may lend insight into the rational design of therapeutic countermeasures of filoviral pathogenesis. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Pathol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NCI, FCRDD, Expt Immunol Lab, Cellular & Mol Immunol Sect, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Hensley, LE (reprint author), USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Pathol, Attn MCMR UIP D,1425 Porter St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RI Young, Howard/A-6350-2008 OI Young, Howard/0000-0002-3118-5111 NR 35 TC 136 Z9 148 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2478 J9 IMMUNOL LETT JI Immunol. Lett. PD MAR 1 PY 2002 VL 80 IS 3 BP 169 EP 179 AR PII S0165-2478(01)00327-3 DI 10.1016/S0165-2478(01)00327-3 PG 11 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 529AY UT WOS:000174278900005 PM 11803049 ER PT J AU Yu, JM Cassels, F Scharton-Kersten, T Hammond, SA Hartman, A Angov, E Corthesy, B Alving, C Glenn, G AF Yu, JM Cassels, F Scharton-Kersten, T Hammond, SA Hartman, A Angov, E Corthesy, B Alving, C Glenn, G TI Transcutaneous immunization using colonization factor and heat-labile enterotoxin induces correlates of protective immunity for enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID ADP-RIBOSYLATING EXOTOXINS; INFLUENZA-VIRUS VACCINE; CHOLERA-TOXIN; SHIGELLA VACCINES; FACTOR ANTIGENS; ADJUVANTS; DIARRHEA; CHALLENGE; EFFICACY; ADULTS AB Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) diarrheal disease is a worldwide problem that may be addressed by transcutaneous delivery of a vaccine. In several human settings, protective immunity has been associated with immune responses to E. coli colonization factors and to the heat-labile toxin that induces the diarrhea. In this set of animal studies, transcutaneous immunization (TCI) using recombinant colonization factor CS6 and cholera toxin (CT) or heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) as the adjuvant induced immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA anti-CS6 responses in sera and stools and antibody responses that recognized CS6 antigen in its native configuration. The antitoxin immunity induced by TCI was also shown to protect against enteric toxin challenge. Although immunization with LT via the skin induced mucosal secretory IgA responses to LT, protection could also be achieved by intravenous injection of the immune sera. Finally, a malaria vaccine antigen, merzoite surface protein I-42 administered with CT as the adjuvant, induced both merzoite surface protein antibodies and T-cell responses while conferring protective antitoxin immunity, suggesting that both antiparasitic activity and antidiarrheal activity can be obtained with a single vaccine formulation. Overall, our results demonstrate that relevant colonization factor and antitoxin immunity can be induced by TCI and suggest that an ETEC traveler's diarrhea vaccine could be delivered by using a patch. C1 IOMAI Corp, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Immunol, Silver Spring, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Enter Infect, Silver Spring, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Membrane Biochem, Silver Spring, MD USA. CHU Vaudois, R&D Lab, Div Immunol & Allergy, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland. RP Glenn, G (reprint author), IOMAI Corp, 20 Firstfield Rd,Suite 250, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. RI Medecine, Bibliotheque/A-5279-2012 FU NIAID NIH HHS [1 R43 AI 45227-01] NR 51 TC 62 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 70 IS 3 BP 1056 EP 1068 DI 10.1128/IAI.70.3.1056-1068.2002 PG 13 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 522EQ UT WOS:000173883100004 PM 11854183 ER PT J AU Lee, EAM Palmer, DR Flanagan, KL Reece, WHH Odhiambo, K Marsh, K Pinder, M Gravenor, MB Keitel, WA Kester, KE Diggs, C Kaslow, D Apostolopoulos, V Ballou, WR Hill, AVS Krzych, U Plebanski, M AF Lee, EAM Palmer, DR Flanagan, KL Reece, WHH Odhiambo, K Marsh, K Pinder, M Gravenor, MB Keitel, WA Kester, KE Diggs, C Kaslow, D Apostolopoulos, V Ballou, WR Hill, AVS Krzych, U Plebanski, M TI Induction of T helper type 1 and 2 responses to 19-kilodalton merozoite surface protein 1 in vaccinated healthy volunteers and adults naturally exposed to malaria SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID HUMORAL IMMUNE-RESPONSES; B-CELL EPITOPES; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; TERMINAL FRAGMENT; DISULFIDE BONDS; BLOOD STAGES; ANTIGEN; ANTIBODIES; AFRICANS; HUMANS AB Plasmodium falciparum malaria is a major cause of death in the tropics. The 19-kDa subunit of P. falciparum merozoite surface protein I (MSP-1(19)), a major blood stage vaccine candidate, is the target of cellular and humoral immune responses in animals and humans. In this phase I trial of MSP-119, immunization of nonexposed human volunteers with either of the two allelic forms of recombinant MSP-1(19) induced high levels of antigen-specific Th1 (gamma interferon) and Th2 (interleukin 4 [IL-4] and IL-10) type lymphokines. The adjustment of the antigen dose and number of immunizations regulated the level of specificity of immune responses and Th1/Th2 bias of responses induced by vaccination. Novel conserved and allelic T-cell epitopes which induced cross-strain immune responses were identified. Importantly, responses to many of these novel epitopes were also present in adults exposed to malaria, both in east (Kenya) and west Africa (The Gambia). These data suggest that epitope-specific naturally acquired MSP-1(19) immune responses in endemic populations can be boosted by vaccination. C1 Univ Oxford, John Radcliffe Hosp, Inst Mol Med, Nuffield Dept Med,Mol Immunol Grp, Oxford OX3 9DU, England. Inst Anim Hlth, Compton RG20 7NN, Berks, England. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Immunol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. US Agcy Int Dev, Malaria Vaccine Dev Program, Washington, DC 20523 USA. Kilifi Dist Hosp, KEMRI Ctr Geog Med Res Coast, Kilifi, Kenya. MRC Labs, Banjul, Gambia. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol Virol & Microbiol & Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NIAID, Parasit Dis Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Lee, EAM (reprint author), Univ Oxford, John Radcliffe Hosp, Inst Mol Med, Nuffield Dept Med,Mol Immunol Grp, Oxford OX3 9DU, England. EM elee@enterprise.molbiol.ox.ac.uk RI HILL, Adrian/C-1306-2008; Kester, Kent/A-2114-2011 OI Kester, Kent/0000-0002-5056-0802 FU NIAID NIH HHS [N01-AI-25135] NR 25 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 70 IS 3 BP 1417 EP 1421 DI 10.1128/IAI.70.3.1417-1421.2002 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 522EQ UT WOS:000173883100049 PM 11854228 ER PT J AU Giltner, P AF Giltner, P TI Denmark's policy towards Europe after 1945: History, theory, and options SO INTERNATIONAL HISTORY REVIEW LA English DT Book Review C1 US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Giltner, P (reprint author), US Mil Acad, W Point, NY 10996 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SIMON FRASER UNIV, INT HISTORY REVIEW PI BURNABY PA EAA 2015, BURNABY, BC V5A 1S6, CANADA SN 0707-5332 J9 INT HIST REV JI Int. Hist. Rev. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 24 IS 1 BP 201 EP 202 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 531VT UT WOS:000174438500062 ER PT J AU Kollars, TM Wongkalasin, K Khlaimanee, N Coleman, RE AF Kollars, TM Wongkalasin, K Khlaimanee, N Coleman, RE TI A novel method for detection and identification of murine and scrub typhus using one primer set by PCR and restriction enzyme digestion SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ACAROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Acari; Leptotrombidium; Siphonaptera; Xenopsylla; scrub typhus; murine typhus; PCR; Thailand AB An 841 base pair (bp) segment of 16s rDNA from Orientia tsutsugamushi (Hayashi, 1920) and Rickettsia typhi (Wolbach and Todd, 1920) were amplified using one primer set then differentiated using restriction enzyme digestion. The product from O. tsutsugamushi was uncut; however, the product from R. typhi was cut into two fragments of 457 bp and 384 bp. This method can be used to identify vectors and reservoirs of these two pathogens in Thailand as well as conduct epidemiological studies. C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Entomol Sci Program, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. USA, Med Component, Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. RP Kollars, TM (reprint author), USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Entomol Sci Program, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INDIRA PUBLISHING HOUSE PI WEST BLOOMFIELD PA P O BOX 250456, WEST BLOOMFIELD, MI 48325-0456 USA SN 0164-7954 J9 INT J ACAROL JI Int. J. Acarol. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 28 IS 1 BP 85 EP 87 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 673TW UT WOS:000182597100010 ER PT J AU Sheppard, HW Celum, C Michael, NL O'Brien, S Dean, M Carrington, M Dondero, D Buchbinder, SP AF Sheppard, HW Celum, C Michael, NL O'Brien, S Dean, M Carrington, M Dondero, D Buchbinder, SP TI HIV-1 infection in individuals with the CCR5-Delta 32/Delta 32 genotype: Acquisition of syncytium-inducing virus at seroconversion SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE HIV-1; CCR5-Delta 32/Delta 32; coreceptors; CCR5; CXCR4; SI; NSI; X4-HIV-1; CCR5 genotype; seroconverters; homozygous/Delta 32 ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; CD4(+) T-CELLS; DISEASE PROGRESSION; CCR-5 DELTA-32; UNINFECTED INDIVIDUALS; CORECEPTOR USAGE; DELETION ALLELE; NATURAL-HISTORY; CLINICAL COURSE; UNITED-STATES AB Homozygosity for the 32 base-pair deletion (Delta32/Delta32) in the CCR5 coreceptor gene is associated with incomplete HIV-1 resistance. Six HTV-1-infected Delta32/Delta32 patients have been reported. We report 2 additional Delta32/Delta32-infected individuals, among 106 seroconverters in a vaccine preparedness study. Like the previous 6, these individuals experienced rapid CD4 decline. However. taken together, the 8 patients have neither uniformly high virus load nor rapid progression to AIDS. We obtained five virus isolates from 1 patient at 5, 6, 7, 10, and 12 months after the estimated time of infection. The earliest isolate exhibits the syncytium-inducing (SI) phenotype and exclusive use of the CXCR4 coreceptor. suggesting acquisition of HIV-1 through this coreceptor. Of the remaining 104 seroconverters, 8 were CCR5-Delta32/+ and 96 were CCR5-+/+. Three CCR5-(+/+) seroconverters. who showed the uncommon pattern of early SI virus and rapid CD4 decline had uniformly high viral load and more heterogeneous coreceptor usage. These results further support the conclusion that Delta32-mediated resistance is incomplete and is associated with acquisition of exclusively-X4 variants of HIV-1. The pathogenic potential of these viruses may be different from late-stage X4 virus or early X4 virus acquired by individuals with other CCR5 genotypes. C1 Calif State Dept Hlth Serv, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Lab, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Med, Seattle, WA USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Rockville, MD USA. Natl Canc Inst, Bethesda, MD USA. San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Sheppard, HW (reprint author), Calif State Dept Hlth Serv, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Lab, 850 Marina Bay Pkwy, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. RI Dean, Michael/G-8172-2012 OI Dean, Michael/0000-0003-2234-0631 FU NIAID NIH HHS [N01 AI 45202, N01-AI 45200, N01-AI-35176] NR 47 TC 67 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. PD MAR 1 PY 2002 VL 29 IS 3 BP 307 EP 313 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 529KX UT WOS:000174299600013 PM 11873082 ER PT J AU Alkins, SA Hurwitz, KM Sierra, A AF Alkins, SA Hurwitz, KM Sierra, A TI Effect of driving pressure and nebulizer model on aerosol output during intermittent delivery with a dosimeter SO JOURNAL OF AEROSOL MEDICINE-DEPOSITION CLEARANCE AND EFFECTS IN THE LUNG LA English DT Article DE aerosols; bronchial provocation tests; nebulizer ID METHACHOLINE; CHALLENGES AB Recent guidelines reinforce the need for a standardized technique during inhalational bronchoprovocation challenge testing. We investigated the effects of nebulizer model and dosimeter driving pressure on nebulizer output using a nebulized saline model. Four nebulizers (Hudson 1720, Salter 8900, Baxter Airlife, and DeVilbiss 644) were evaluated at two driving pressures (20 and 50 pounds per square inch [psi]) via a dosimeter (Salter 700) that delivered a 0.6-sec actuation. Output was determined gravimetrically after 20 actuations of saline at constant respiratory flow and volume. Output per actuation at 20 psi was 2.83 +/- 0.41 mg (mean +/- SD), 4.58 +/- 0.66, 4.75 +/- 0.42, and 4.75 +/- 1.37 for the Hudson, Salter, Baxter, and DeVilbiss, respectively, and 6.75 +/- 0.61 mg, 9.17 +/- 0.88, 9.42 +/- 1.32, and 9.83 +/- 1.75 at 50 psi. The Hudson delivered a lower volume than the other nebulizers (p < 0.0005). At 20 psi, output from the DeVilbiss had greater variability (coefficient of variation = 28.8%) compared to the Baxter (CV = 8.8%; p = 0.045). The output was greater at 50 psi than 20 psi for all models (p < 0.0005). These results demonstrate that, when choosing a nebulizer driven by a dosimeter, it is important to base that selection on published data describing aerosol output under different driving pressures. C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Pulm & Crit Care Med Serv, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Alkins, SA (reprint author), Landstuhl Reg Med Ctr, CMR 402, Box 2205, APO, AE 09180 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 0894-2684 J9 J AEROSOL MED JI J. Aerosol Med.-Depos. Clear. Eff. Lung PD SPR PY 2002 VL 15 IS 1 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1089/08942680252908520 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Respiratory System SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Respiratory System GA 541RV UT WOS:000174998700001 PM 12006140 ER PT J AU Ray, P Chakrabarti, AK Broomfield, CA Ray, R AF Ray, P Chakrabarti, AK Broomfield, CA Ray, R TI Sulfur mustard-stimulated protease: A target for antivesicant drugs SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sulfur mustard; vesication; protease; serine protease; normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK) ID EXPOSURE AB One of the mechanisms of the skin blistering effect (vesication) of sulfur mustard (bis-(2-chloroethyl)sulfide, HD) is believed to be via the stimulation of specific protease(s) at the dermal-epidermal junction. Cultured normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK) were used as a model to study and characterize protease stimulated by the mustards 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES), 2-chloro-N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-methylethanamine hydrochloride (nitrogen mustard, HN2) and HD. The results obtained using a chromozym (TRY) peptide substrate protease assay revealed the optimum mustard concentrations and time for protease stimulation to be about 200 muM (CEES), 100 muM (HN2) and 100 muM (HD) and 16 h. The mustardstimulated protease was membrane bound and was inhibited by adding a Ca2+ chelator (either 2 mM EGTA (ethylene glycol-bis(amino ethyl ether) N,N,N',N' tetraacetic acid) or 50 muM BAPTA AM (1,2-bis(z-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid, tetraacetoxy methyl ester) alone or in combination), a serine protease inhibitor diisopropyl fluoro-phosphate (DFP, 1 mM), or a protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide (35 muM) in the extracellular medium. These results suggest that mustard toxicity may involve the stimulation of trypsin/chymotrypsin-like serine protease, dependent on Ca2+ and new protein synthesis. Protein purification by gel exclusion and hydrophobic chromatography produced a 70-80 kDa protease, which had an amino acid sequence homologous with a mammalian-type bacterial serine endopeptidase. Based on this information, research is in progress to identify the protease stimulated by HD in NHEK and to determine whether its inhibitors are useful as prospective antivesicant drugs. Published in 2002 by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Dept Biol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Ray, P (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Dept Biol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. NR 8 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0260-437X J9 J APPL TOXICOL JI J. Appl. Toxicol. PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 22 IS 2 BP 139 EP 140 DI 10.1002/jat.829 PG 2 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 532RQ UT WOS:000174489200008 PM 11920939 ER PT J AU Greene, JS Cook, WE Knapp, D Haines, P AF Greene, JS Cook, WE Knapp, D Haines, P TI An examination of the uncertainty in interpolated winds and its effect on the validation and intercomparison of forecast models SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Meteorological models need to be compared to long-term, routinely collected meteorological data. Whenever numerical forecast models are validated and compared, verification winds are normally interpolated to individual model grid points. To be statistically significant, differences between model and verification data must exceed the uncertainty of verification winds due to instrument error, sampling, and interpolation. This paper will describe an approach to examine the uncertainty of interpolated boundary layer winds and illustrate its practical effects on model validation and intercomparison efforts. This effort is part of a joint model validation project undertaken by the Environmental Verification and Analysis Center at the University of Oklahoma (http://www.evac.ou.edu) and the Battlefield Environment Directorate of the Army Research Laboratory. The main result of this study is to illustrate that it is crucial to recognize the errors inherent in gridding verification winds when conducting model validation and intercomparison work. Defendable model intercomparison results may rely on proper scheduling of model tests with regard to seasonal wind climatology and choosing instrument networks and variogram functions capable of providing adequately small errors due to sampling and imperfect modeling. Thus, it is important to quantify verification wind uncertainty when stating forecast errors or differences in the accuracy of forecast models. C1 Univ Oklahoma, Dept Geog, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Environm Verificat & Anal Ctr, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Natl Weather Serv, Aviat Weather Ctr, Kansas City, MO USA. USA, Res Lab, Battlefield Environm Div, White Sands Missile Range, NM USA. RP Greene, JS (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Dept Geog, 100 E Boyd St, Norman, OK 73019 USA. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 19 IS 3 BP 397 EP 401 DI 10.1175/1520-0426-19.3.397 PG 5 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 524NK UT WOS:000174019600010 ER PT J AU Card, DA Wisniewski, ES Folmer, DE Castleman, AW AF Card, DA Wisniewski, ES Folmer, DE Castleman, AW TI Dynamics of Coulomb explosion and kinetic energy release in clusters of heterocyclic compounds SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MULTIPHOTON MULTIPLE IONIZATION; FEMTOSECOND LASER INTERACTIONS; METHYL-IODIDE CLUSTERS; MODEL BASE-PAIRS; AMMONIA CLUSTERS; DISSOCIATIVE IONIZATION; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; PROTON-TRANSFER; IONS; FRAGMENTS AB The studies presented herein elucidate details of the Coulomb explosion event initiated through the interaction of heterocyclic clusters with an intense femtosecond laser beam (greater than or equal to1 PW/cm(2)). Clusters studied include 7-azaindole and pyridine. Covariance analysis verifies that the fragmentation channels are competitive. Kinetic-energy analyses, from experiment and simulation, suggest that Coulomb exploded fragments are created with varying amounts of energy and have a strong mass-to-charge relationship. Backward-ejected protons are found to impact the repeller and eject adsorbed protons from the surface. Moreover, delayed fragmentation is suggested by fast-Fourier transformation of a proton time-of-flight mass spectrum and confirmed by deconvoluting the aforementioned signal through intensity decrements. Voltage gradient, laser power, and microchannel plate detector studies yield insight into the solvation effect of clusters in the Coulomb explosion event. Conceptually, the dynamic charge resonance enhanced ionization (Dynamic CREI) model best explains these results of heterocyclic Coulomb explosion. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Chem, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. US Mil Acad, Photon Res Ctr, Dept Chem, W Point, NY 10996 USA. RP Card, DA (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Chem, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 55 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 2002 VL 116 IS 9 BP 3554 EP 3567 DI 10.1063/1.1446849 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 522GT UT WOS:000173888400005 ER PT J AU Grabenstein, JD Guess, HA Hartzema, AG Koch, GG Konrad, TR AF Grabenstein, JD Guess, HA Hartzema, AG Koch, GG Konrad, TR TI Attitudinal factors among adult prescription recipients associated with choice of where to be vaccinated SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pharmacists; immunization; vaccination; utilization; decision making ID INFLUENZA; IMMUNIZATION; PROGRAM; MODEL AB The objective of this article was to evaluate adult prescription recipients' choices among vaccine providers. The study setting was a cluster sample from 24 community pharmacies based on prescription records that suggested need for pneumococcal and influenza vaccines. Vaccination status, choice of vaccine provider, and opinions regarding vaccine providers were retrospectively surveyed by mail in spring 1999. Overall, 52% of survey recipients responded; 89% of respondents reported returning to the same type of vaccine provider in consecutive years. Two key factors affected choice of provider: convenience and provider experience. Convenience was a stronger factor for people younger than 65 taking chronic medications and those not vaccinated in the previous year. Most adult recipients of influenza vaccine returned to sites where they were vaccinated the previous year. Convenience was a major factor in vaccination decisions of adult prescription recipients. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Med Command, Falls Church, VA 22041 USA. Merck Res Labs, Blue Bell, PA USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. Univ Florida, Coll Pharm, Gainesville, FL USA. Sheps Ctr Hlth Serv Res, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Grabenstein, JD (reprint author), USA, Med Command, 5111 Leesburg Pike,DASG-HCO, Falls Church, VA 22041 USA. OI Konrad, Thomas R/0000-0002-5269-0440 FU AHRQ HHS [R03 HS10021-01] NR 29 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0895-4356 J9 J CLIN EPIDEMIOL JI J. Clin. Epidemiol. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 55 IS 3 BP 279 EP 284 AR PII S0895-4356(01)00452-8 DI 10.1016/S0895-4356(01)00452-8 PG 6 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 526FT UT WOS:000174119900011 PM 11864799 ER PT J AU Gaydos, CA Crotchfelt, KA Shah, N Tennant, M Quinn, TC Gaydos, JC McKee, KT Rompalo, AM AF Gaydos, CA Crotchfelt, KA Shah, N Tennant, M Quinn, TC Gaydos, JC McKee, KT Rompalo, AM TI Evaluation of dry and wet transported intravaginal swabs in detection of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections in female soldiers by PCR SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LIGASE CHAIN-REACTION; SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; AMPLICOR CT/NG TESTS; VAGINAL SWABS; MULTICENTER EVALUATION; REACTION ASSAY; DIAGNOSIS; URINE; MILITARY; WOMEN AB Screening women for sexually transmitted diseases (STD) in nonclinic settings is highly desirable because many infections are asymptomatic. This is especially true for military women, for whom logistical, social, and other job-related obstacles present barriers to accessing medical care. We assessed the accuracy of intravaginal swabs transported by mail in a wet versus a dry state for PCR (Amplicor CT/NG test) detection of chlamydia and gonorrhea infections in a cross-sectional study of 793 active-duty military women attending an STD clinic. PCR tests of vaginal swabs (wet and dry) were compared to local clinical methods used on cervical swabs. Standard wet vaginal swab PCR testing detected more chlamydia (11.6%) than cervical enzyme immunoassay (9.3%). For detection of chlamydia using wet swabs, the sensitivity and specificity compared with adjudicated true positives were 94.6% (87 of 92) and 99.3% (696 of 701), respectively. Comparing dry swabs to true-positives for chlamydia, the sensitivity was 91.3% (84 of 92) and the specificity was 99.3% (696 of 701). Standard wet vaginal swab PCR detected more gonorrhea (3.3%) than routine cervical culture (2.1%). The sensitivity and specificity of PCR testing of wet swabs compared to true-positives (infected patients) were 96.3% (26 of 27) and 98.2% (752 of 766) for gonorrhea, respectively. For gonorrhea, the sensitivity and specificity of dry swabs compared to true-positives (infected patients) were 88.9% (24 of 27) and 98.3% (753 of 766), respectively. PCR testing of wet and dry transported intravaginal swabs to detect chlamydia and gonorrhea infections was an accurate diagnostic method for military women. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Womack Army Med Ctr, Ft Bragg, NC USA. NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. US Dept Def, Global Emerging Infect Surveillance & Response Sy, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Gaydos, CA (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, 1159 Ross,720 Rutland Ave, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RI Gaydos, Charlotte/E-9937-2010 NR 24 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 40 IS 3 BP 758 EP 761 DI 10.1128/JCM.40.3.758-761.2002 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 528HP UT WOS:000174238600004 PM 11880389 ER PT J AU Ryan, JR Smithyman, AM Rajasekariah, GH Hochberg, L Stiteler, JM Martin, SK AF Ryan, JR Smithyman, AM Rajasekariah, GH Hochberg, L Stiteler, JM Martin, SK TI Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on soluble promastigote antigen detects immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG antibodies in sera from cases of visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIRECT AGGLUTINATION; DONOVANI; ELISA; DIAGNOSIS; INFECTION; REAGENTS; INDIA AB Leishmaniasis causes significant morbidity and mortality in areas where it is endemic. In areas where it is nonendemic, global travel and increased incidence of the disease in human immunodeficiency virus and intravenous-drug user populations are also causes for concern. The unavailability of rapid and reliable tests for diagnosis of the various leishmaniases makes patient management difficult. We have developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that can detect immunoglobulin M(IgM) and IgG antibodies in patients with visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis. These practical assays are based on soluble antigens from promastigotes cultivated in a protein-free medium. In preliminary studies, 129 visceral (Brazil, Italy, North Africa, and Nepal) and 143 cutaneous (Brazil) leishmaniasis patients with controls were tested. Overall, the tests showed a sensitivity of 95.1%. In addition, the ELISA correctly, identified 42 sera from Brazilian dogs with canine leishmaniasis and 10 healthy controls. Serological tests for the various clinical manifestations of leishmaniasis could be useful epidemiological and patient management tools in populations of areas of endemicity and nonendemicity. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Communicable Dis & Immunol, Dept Entomol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Cellabs Pty Ltd, Sydney, NSW, Australia. RP Ryan, JR (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Communicable Dis & Immunol, Dept Entomol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 29 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 40 IS 3 BP 1037 EP 1043 DI 10.1128/JCM.40.3.1037-1043.2002 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 528HP UT WOS:000174238600049 PM 11880434 ER PT J AU White, KD Moore, JN AF White, KD Moore, JN TI Impacts of dam removal on riverine ice regime SO JOURNAL OF COLD REGIONS ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE dams; ice; cold regions; rivers AB The impact of dam removal on the ice regime of northern rivers has largely been ignored in the recent push for removal of dams to restore or improve aquatic habitat. However, dam removal may have significant impacts on the ice regime and has resulted in increased frequency and severity of downstream jams. Lowering of water levels in impoundments containing sediment deposits may result in more frequent or longer duration ice-induced scour and erosion of bed and bank material. Ice-related adverse impacts associated with dam removal can be mitigated through ice control measures. This paper presents a brief overview of the evolution of the typical ice regime, followed by a discussion of potential impacts resulting from dam removal. Examples of the impact of dam removal on riverine ice regime are presented, including two case studies in which dam removal has required the later construction of ice control structures. Recommendations are made for supplemental studies, when dam removal is considered in ice-affected rivers. C1 USA, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP White, KD (reprint author), USA, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0887-381X J9 J COLD REG ENG JI J. Cold Reg. Eng. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 16 IS 1 BP 2 EP 16 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0887-381X(2002)16:1(2) PG 15 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 524BV UT WOS:000173992800001 ER PT J AU Simonsen, E Janoo, VC Isacsson, U AF Simonsen, E Janoo, VC Isacsson, U TI Resilient properties of unbound road materials during seasonal frost conditions SO JOURNAL OF COLD REGIONS ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE resilience; freeze-thaw cycle; subgrades; pavements; triaxial tests; cold regions AB During recent decades, a considerable amount of research has been devoted to the resilient properties of unbound road materials. However, the severe effects of cold region climates on resilient behavior have been less exhaustibly investigated. In this study, the results from extensive resilient modulus laboratory tests during full freeze-thaw cycling are presented. Various coarse and fine-grained subgrade soils were tested at selected temperatures from room temperature down to -10degreesC and back to room temperature. The soils are frozen and thawed inside a triaxial cell, thus eliminating external disturbances due to handling. The results indicate that all the soils exhibited a substantially reduced resilient modulus after the freeze-thaw cycle. A significant hysteresis for the clay soil in warming and cooling was also observed. This paper presents equations for different conditions. The equations may be used for selecting the appropriate resilient modulus value in current and future evaluation and design methods. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Simonsen, E (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 23 TC 42 Z9 56 U1 3 U2 12 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0887-381X J9 J COLD REG ENG JI J. Cold Reg. Eng. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 16 IS 1 BP 28 EP 50 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0887-381X(2002)16:1(28) PG 23 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 524BV UT WOS:000173992800003 ER PT J AU Ammann, JR Cancanon, F AF Ammann, JR Cancanon, F TI Toward the asymmetric synthesis of novel vasoconstrictors. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Dent Res Detachment, Washington, DC 20310 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCHI A D R/A A D R PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3406 USA SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 81 SI SI MA 0171 BP A49 EP A49 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 559KE UT WOS:000176024700172 ER PT J AU Runyan, DA Thompson, GA AF Runyan, DA Thompson, GA TI Environmental effects on the fatigue strength of titanium dental implants. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA, Dent Res Detachment, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU INT AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCHI A D R/A A D R PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3406 USA SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 81 SI SI MA 3862 BP A473 EP A473 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 559KE UT WOS:000176024703828 ER PT J AU Wright, MD Driscoll, CF Romberg, E Thompson, GA Runyan, DA AF Wright, MD Driscoll, CF Romberg, E Thompson, GA Runyan, DA TI Comparison of three porcelain polishing kits for ultra-low fusing dental porcelain. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Maryland, Sch Dent, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USA, Dent Res Detachment, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCHI A D R/A A D R PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3406 USA SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 81 SI SI MA 3832 BP A469 EP A469 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 559KE UT WOS:000176024703799 ER PT J AU Hegab, HE Zimmerman, EB Colwell, GT AF Hegab, HE Zimmerman, EB Colwell, GT TI Thermal management of outdoor electronic cabinets using soil heat exchangers SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC PACKAGING LA English DT Article AB Telephone companies utilize densely packed electronics in outdoor metal cabinets for routing calls between customers. As a result of the increasing power densities of electronics, companies are looking for innovative methods of providing system level cooling such as using soil heat exchangers. Numerical simulation using a system of lumped thermal capacitances coupled to a soil finite element model is used to predict the transient thermal behavior of a cabinet. The cabinet model has been verified in previous studies by comparison with experimental measurements on a commercial telecommunications cabinet and is shown to predict temperature trends well. The effects of transient heat load, soil properties, and heat exchanger geometry are examined. Results reveal soil heat exchangers have the capability to provide the necessary cooling for relatively low power outdoor cabinets. However, the temperature of the soil surrounding the heat exchanger may increase daily if the number and spacing of pipes is not adequate to handle the desired heat dissipation load. C1 Louisiana Tech Univ, Mech Engn Program, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. US Mil Acad, Dept Civil & Mech Engn, W Point, NY 10996 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Hegab, HE (reprint author), Louisiana Tech Univ, Mech Engn Program, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 1043-7398 J9 J ELECTRON PACKAGING JI J. Electron. Packag. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 124 IS 1 BP 7 EP 11 DI 10.1115/1.1392320 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 547QC UT WOS:000175342400002 ER EF